,,model ,,speeches ,,for ,,practise ,,by ,,grenville ,,kleiser ,formerly ,instructor in ,public ,speaking at ,yale ,divinity ,school1 ,yale ,university4 ,author of ,how to ,speak in ,public1 ,great ,speeches and ,how to ,make ,them1 ,complete ,guide to ,public ,speaking1 ,how to ,build ,mental ,power1 ,talks on ,talking1 etc41 etc4 ,illustration3 ,publisher's logo ,,funk ,,wagnalls ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,and ,,london #aibj ,,copyright1 #aibj1 ,,by ,,grenville ,,kleiser ,printed in the ,united ,states of ,america ,published1 ,february1 #aibj ,copyright ,under the ,articles of the ,copyright ,convention of the ,pan-,american ,republics and the ,united ,states1 ,august #aa1 #aiaj ,,preface ,this book contains a varied representation of successful speeches by eminently successful speakers4 ,they furnish1 in convenient form1 useful material for study and practise4 ,the student is earnestly recommended to select one speech at a time1 analyze it carefully1 note its special features1 practise it aloud1 and then proceed to another4 ,in this way he will cover the principal forms of public speaking1 and enable himself to apply his knowledge to any occasion4 ,the cardinal rule is that a speaker learns to speak by speaking1 hence a careful reading and study of these speeches will do much to develop the student's taste for correct literary and oratorical form4 ,,grenville ,,kleiser4 ,new ,york ,city1 ,august1 #aiai4 ,,contents ,,page ,,introduction--,aims and ,purposes of ,speaking--,grenville ,kleiser #aa ,after-,dinner ,speaking--,james ,russell ,lowell #bi ,england1 ,mother of ,nations--,ralph ,waldo ,emerson #cg ,the ,age of ,research--,william ,ewart ,gladstone #dd ,address of ,welcome--,oliver ,wendell ,holmes #eb ,good-,will to ,america--,sir ,william ,harcourt #fe ,the ,qualities ,that ,win--,charles ,sumner #ga ,the ,english-,speaking ,race--,george ,william ,curtis #hh ,woman--,horace ,porter #ajj ,tribute to ,herbert ,spencer--,william ,m4 ,evarts #aac ,the ,empire ,state--,chauncey ,m4 ,depew #abj ,men of ,letters--,james ,anthony ,froude #acc ,literature and ,politics--,john ,morley #aci ,general ,sherman--,carl ,schurz #adg ,oration ,over ,alexander ,hamilton--,gouverneur ,morris #aed ,eulogy of ,mc,kinley--,grover ,cleveland #afd ,decoration ,day--,thomas ,w4 ,higginson #agj ,faith in ,mankind--,arthur ,t4 ,hadley #agg ,washington and ,lincoln--,martin ,w4 ,littleton #aha ,characteristics of ,washington--,william ,mc,kinley #ahg ,let ,france ,be ,free--,george ,jacques ,danton #aic ,sons of ,harvard--,charles ,devens #aii ,wake ,up1 ,england6--,king ,george #bjh ,,introduction ,,aims ,,and ,,purposes ,,of ,,speaking ,it is obvious that the style of your public speaking will depend upon the specific purpose you have in view4 ,if you have important truths which you wish to make known1 or a great and definite cause to serve1 you are likely to speak about it with earnestness and probably with eloquence4 ,if1 however1 your purpose in speaking is a selfish one--if your object is self-exploitation1 or to serve some special interest of your own--if you regard your speaking as an irksome task1 or are unduly anxious as to what your hearers will think of you and your effort--then you are almost sure to fail4 ,on the other hand1 if you have the interests of your hearers sincerely at heart--if you really wish to render a worthy public service--if you lose all thought of self in your heartfelt desire to serve others--then you will have the most essential requirements of true and enduring oratory4 ,,the ,,necessity ,,of ,a ,,definite ,,object ,it is of the highest importance for you to have in mind a clear conception of the end you wish to achieve by your speaking4 ,this purpose should characterize all you say1 so that at each step in your speech you will feel sure of making steady progress toward the desired object4 ,as a public speaker you assume serious responsibility4 ,you are to influence men for weal or woe4 ,the words you speak are like so many seeds1 planted in the minds of your hearers1 there to grow and multiply according to their kind4 ,what you say may have far-reaching effects1 hence the importance of careful forethought in the planning and preparation of your speeches4 ,the highest aim of your public speaking is not merely to instruct or entertain1 but to influence the wills of men1 to make men think as you think1 and to persuade them to act in the manner you desire4 ,this is a lofty aim1 when supported by a good cause1 and worthy of your greatest talents and efforts4 ,,the ,,key ,,to ,,success ,,in ,,speaking ,the key to greatness of speech is sincerity4 ,you must yourself be so thoroughly imbued with the truth and desirability of what you are urging upon others that they will be imprest by your integrity of purpose4 ,to have their confidence and good will is almost to win your cause4 ,but you must have deep and well-grounded convictions before you can hope to convince and influence other men4 ,duty1 necessity1 magnanimity1 innate conviction1 and sincere interest in the welfare of others1--these beget true fervor and are essential to passionate and persuasive speaking4 ,lord ,lytton emphasized the vital importance of earnest purpose in the speaker4 ,referring to speech in the ,british ,parliament he said1 ,have but fair sense and a competent knowledge of your subject1 and then be thoroughly in earnest to impress your own honest conviction upon others1 and no matter what your delivery1 tho your gestures shock every rule in ,quintilian1 you will command the ear and influence the debates of the most accomplished1 the most fastidious1 and1 take it altogether1 the noblest assembly of freemen in the world4 ,keep in mind that the purpose of your public speaking is not only to convince but also to persuade your hearers4 ,it is not sufficient that they merely agree with what you say2 you must persuade them also to act as you desire4 ,hence you should aim to reach both their minds and hearts4 ,solid argument1 clear method1 and indisputable facts are necessary for the first purpose2 vivid imagination1 concrete illustration1 and animated feeling are necessary for the second4 ,,the ,,need ,,of ,a ,,knowledge ,,of ,,human ,,nature ,it will be of great practical value to you to have a knowledge of the average man comprising your audience1 his tastes1 preferences1 prejudices1 and proclivities4 ,the more you adapt your speech to such an average man1 the more successful are you likely to be in influencing the entire audience4 ,aim1 therefore1 to use words1 phrases1 illustrations1 and arguments such as you think the average man will readily understand4 ,avoid anything which would cause confusion1 distraction1 or prejudice in his mind4 ,use every reasonable means to win his good will and approval4 ,your speech is not a monolog1 but a dialog1 in which you are the speaker1 and the auditor a silent tho questioning listener4 ,his mind is in a constant attitude of interrogation toward you4 ,and upon the degree of your success in answering such silent but insistent questions will depend the ultimate success of your speaking4 ,the process of persuading the hearer depends chiefly upon first being persuaded yourself4 ,you may be devoid of feeling1 and yet convince your hearers2 but to reach their hearts and to move them surely toward the desired purpose1 you must yourself be moved4 ,your work as a public speaker is radically different from that of the actor or reciter4 ,you are not impersonating some one else1 nor interpreting the thought of another4 ,you must above all things be natural1 real1 sincere and earnest4 ,your work is creative and constructive4 ,,the ,,right ,,attitude ,,of ,a ,,speaker ,however much you may study1 plan1 or premeditate1 there must be no indication of conscious or studied attempt in the act of speaking to an audience4 ,at that time everything must be merged into your personality4 ,your earnestness in speaking arises principally from having a distinct conception of the object aimed at and a strong desire to accomplish it4 ,under these circumstances you summon to your aid all your available power of thought and feeling4 ,your mental faculties are stimulated into their fullest activity1 and you bend every effort toward the purpose before you4 ,but however zealous you may feel about the truth or righteousness of the cause you espouse1 you will do well always to keep within the bounds of moderation4 ,you can be vigorous without violence1 and enthusiastic without extravagance4 ,you must not only thoroughly know yourself and your subject1 but also your audience4 ,you should carefully consider the best way to bring them and yourself into unity4 ,you may do this by making an appeal to some principle commonly recognized and approved by men1 such as patriotism1 justice1 humanity1 courage1 duty1 or righteousness4 ,what ,phillips ,brooks said about the preacher1 applies with equal truth to other forms of public speaking3 ,whatever is in the sermon must be in the preacher first2 clearness1 logicalness1 vivacity1 earnestness1 sweetness1 and light1 must be personal qualities in him before they are qualities of thought and language in what he utters to his people4 ,after you have earnestly studied the principles of public speaking you should plan to have regular and frequent practise in addressing actual audiences4 ,there are associations and societies everywhere1 constantly in quest of good speakers4 ,there will be ample opportunities for you if you have properly developed your speaking abilities4 ,and now to sum up some of the most essential things for you3 #a4 ,,read ,,aloud ,,every ,,day ,this is indispensable to your greatest progress in speech culture4 ,reading aloud1 properly done1 compels you to pronounce the words1 instead of skimming over them as in silent reading4 ,it gives you the additional benefit of receiving a vocal impression of the rhythm and structure of the composition4 ,keep in mind the following purposes of your reading aloud3 #a4 ,to improve your speaking voice4 #b4 ,to acquire distinct enunciation4 #c4 ,to cultivate correct pronunciation4 #d4 ,to develop ,english style4 #e4 ,to increase your stock of words4 #f4 ,to store your memory with facts4 #g4 ,to analyze an author's thoughts4 #h4 ,to broaden your general knowledge4 #b4 ,,form ,,the ,,note-,,book ,,habit ,keep separate note-books for the subjects in which you are deeply interested and on which you intend some time to speak in public4 ,write in them promptly any valuable ideas which come to you from the four principal sources--observation1 conversation1 reading1 and meditation4 ,you will be surprized to find how rapidly you can acquire useful data in this way4 ,in an emergency you can turn to the speech-material you have accumulated and quickly solve the problem of what to say4 ,keep the contents of your note-books in systematic order4 ,classify ideas under distinct headings4 ,when possible write the ideas down in regular speech form4 ,once a week read aloud the contents of your note-books4 #c4 ,,daily ,,study ,,your ,,dictionary ,read aloud each day from your dictionary for at least five minutes1 and give special attention to the pronunciation and meaning of words4 ,this is one of the most useful exercises for building a large vocabulary4 ,develop the dictionary habit4 ,be interested in words4 ,study them in their contexts4 ,make special lists of your own4 ,select special words for special uses4 ,note significant words in your general reading4 ,think of words as important tools for public speaking4 ,choose them with discrimination in your daily conversation4 ,consult your dictionary for the meanings of words about which you are in doubt4 ,be an earnest student of words4 #d4 ,,systematically ,,develop ,,your ,,mental ,,powers ,give some time each day to the development of a judicial mind4 ,learn to think deliberately and carefully4 ,study causes and principles4 ,look deeply into things4 ,be impartial in your examination of a subject4 ,study all sides of a question or problem4 ,weigh the evidence with the purpose of ascertaining the truth4 ,beware the peril of prejudice4 ,keep your mind wide open to receive the facts4 ,look at a subject from the other man's viewpoint4 ,cultivate breadth of mind4 ,do not let your personal interests or desires mislead you4 ,insist upon securing the truth at all costs4 #e4 ,,daily ,,practise ,,composition ,frequent use of the pen is essential to proficiency in speaking4 ,write a little every day to form your ,english style4 ,daily exercise in writing will rapidly develop felicity and fluency of speech4 ,test your important ideas by putting them into writing4 ,constantly cultivate clearness of expression4 ,examine1 criticize1 and improve your own compositions4 ,copy in your handwriting at least a page daily from one of the great ,english stylists4 ,continue this exercise for a month and note the improvement in your speech and writing4 #f4 ,,practise ,,impromptu ,,speaking ,at least once a day stand up1 in the privacy of your room1 and make an impromptu speech of two or three minutes4 ,select any subject which interests you4 ,aim at fluency of style rather than depth of thought4 ,in these daily efforts1 use the best chest voice at your command1 enunciate clearly1 open your mouth well1 and imagine yourself addressing an actual audience4 ,a month's regular practise of this exercise will convince you of its great value4 #g4 ,,study ,,successful ,,public ,,speakers ,hear the best public speakers available to you4 ,observe them critically4 ,ask yourself such questions as these3 #a4 ,how does this speaker impress me8 #b4 ,does he proceed in the most effective manner possible8 #c4 ,does he convince me of the truth of his statements8 #d4 ,does he persuade me to act as he wishes8 #e4 ,what are the elements of success in this speaker8 ,as you faithfully apply these various suggestions1 you will constantly improve in the art of public speaking1 and so learn to wield this mighty power not simply for your personal gratification but for the inspiration and betterment of your fellow men4 ,,model ,,speeches ,,for ,,practise ,,after-,,dinner ,,speaking ,,by ,,james ,,russell ,,lowell ,my ,lord ,coleridge1 ,my ,lords1 ,ladies and ,gentlemen3--,i confess that my mind was a little relieved when ,i found that the toast to which ,i am to respond rolled three gentlemen1 ,cerberus-like into one1 and when ,i saw ,science pulling impatiently at the leash on my left1 and ,art on my right1 and that therefore the responsibility of only a third part of the acknowledgment has fallen to me4 ,you1 my lord1 have alluded to the difficulties of after-dinner oratory4 ,i must say that ,i am one of those who feel them more keenly the more after-dinner speeches ,i make4 ,there are a great many difficulties in the way1 and there are three principal ones1 ,i think4 ,the first is having too much to say1 so that the words1 hurrying to escape1 bear down and trample out the life of each other4 ,the second is when1 having nothing to say1 we are expected to fill a void in the minds of our hearers4 ,and ,i think the third1 and most formidable1 is the necessity of following a speaker who is sure to say all the things you meant to say1 and better than you1 so that we are tempted to exclaim1 with the old grammarian1 ,hang these fellows1 who have said all our good things before us6 ,now the ,fourth of ,july has several times been alluded to1 and ,i believe it is generally thought that on that anniversary the spirit of a certain bird known to heraldic ornithologists--and ,i believe to them alone--as the spread eagle1 enters into every ,american's breast1 and compels him1 whether he will or no1 to pour forth a flood of national self-laudation4 ,this1 ,i say1 is the general superstition1 and ,i hope that a few words of mine may serve in some sort to correct it4 ,i ask you1 if there is any other people who have confined their national self-laudation to one day in the year4 ,i may be allowed to make one remark as a personal experience4 ,fortune had willed it that ,i should see as many--perhaps more--cities and manners of men as ,ulysses2 and ,i have observed one general fact1 and that is1 that the adjectival epithet which is prefixt to all the virtues is invariably the epithet which geographically describes the country that ,i am in4 ,for instance1 not to take any real name1 if ,i am in the kingdom of ,lilliput1 ,i hear of the ,lilliputian virtues4 ,i hear courage1 ,i hear common sense1 and ,i hear political wisdom called by that name4 ,if ,i cross to the neighboring ,republic ,blefusca--for since ,swift's time it has become a ,republic--,i hear all these virtues suddenly qualified as ,blefuscan4 ,i am very glad to be able to thank ,lord ,coleridge for having1 ,i believe for the first time1 coupled the name of the ,president of the ,united ,states with that of her ,majesty on an occasion like this4 ,i was struck1 both in what he said1 and in what our distinguished guest of the evening said1 with the frequent recurrence of an adjective which is comparatively new--,i mean the word ,english-speaking4 ,we continually hear nowadays of the ,english-speaking race1 of the ,english-speaking population4 ,i think this implies1 not that we are to forget1 not that it would be well for us to forget1 that national emulation and that national pride which is implied in the words ,englishman and ,american1 but the word implies that there are certain perennial and abiding sympathies between all men of a common descent and a common language4 ,i am sure1 my lord1 that all you said with regard to the welcome which our distinguished guest will receive in ,america is true4 ,his eminent talents as an orator1 the dignified--,i may say the illustrious--manner in which he has sustained the traditions of that succession of great actors who1 from the time of ,burbage to his own1 have illustrated the ,english stage1 will be as highly appreciated there as here4 ,and ,i am sure that ,i may also say that the chief magistrate of ,england will be welcomed by the bar of the ,united ,states1 of which ,i am an unworthy member1 and perhaps will be all the more warmly welcomed that he does not come among them to practise4 ,he will find ,american law administered--and ,i think he will agree with me in saying ably administered--by judges who1 ,i am sorry to say1 sit without the traditional wig of ,england4 ,i have heard since ,i came here friends of mine gravely lament this as something prophetic of the decay which was sure to follow so serious an innovation4 ,i answered with a little story which ,i remember having heard from my father4 ,he remembered the last clergyman in ,new ,england who still continued to wear the wig4 ,at first it became a singularity and at last a monstrosity2 and the good doctor concluded to leave it off4 ,but there was one poor woman among his parishioners who lamented this sadly1 and waylaying the clergyman as he came out of church she said1 ,oh1 dear doctor1 ,i have always listened to your sermon with the greatest edification and comfort1 but now that the wig is gone all is gone4 ,i have thought ,i have seen some signs of encouragement in the faces of my ,english friends after ,i have consoled them with this little story4 ,but ,i must not allow myself to indulge in any further remarks4 ,there is one virtue1 ,i am sure1 in after-dinner oratory1 and that is brevity2 and as to that ,i am reminded of a story4 ,the ,lord ,chief ,justice has told you what are the ingredients of after-dinner oratory4 ,they are the joke1 the quotation1 and the platitude2 and the successful platitude1 in my judgment1 requires a very high order of genius4 ,i believe that ,i have not given you a quotation1 but ,i am reminded of something which ,i heard when very young--the story of a ,methodist clergyman in ,america4 ,he was preaching at a camp meeting1 and he was preaching upon the miracle of ,joshua1 and he began his sermon with this sentence3 ,my hearers1 there are three motions of the sun4 ,the first is the straightforward or direct motion of the sun2 the second is the retrograde or backward motion of the sun2 and the third is the motion mentioned in our text--'the sun stood still4' ,now1 gentlemen1 ,i don't know whether you see the application of the story--,i hope you do4 ,the after-dinner orator at first begins and goes straight forward--that is the straightforward motion of the sun4 ,next he goes back and begins to repeat himself--that is the backward motion of the sun4 ,at last he has the good sense to bring himself to the end1 and that is the motion mentioned in our text1 as the sun stood still4 ,,england1 ,,mother ,,of ,,nations ,,by ,,ralph ,,waldo ,,emerson ,mr4 ,chairman and ,gentlemen3--,it is pleasant to me to meet this great and brilliant company1 and doubly pleasant to see the faces of so many distinguished persons on this platform4 ,but ,i have known all these persons already4 ,when ,i was at home1 they were as near to me as they are to you4 ,the arguments of the ,league and its leader are known to all friends of free trade4 ,the gaieties and genius1 the political1 the social1 the parietal wit of ,punch go duly every fortnight to every boy and girl in ,boston and ,new ,york4 ,sir1 when ,i came to sea1 ,i found the ,history of ,europe on the ship's cabin table1 the property of the captain2--a sort of program or play-bill to tell the seafaring ,new ,englander what he shall find on landing here4 ,and as for ,dombey1 sir1 there is no land where paper exists to print on1 where it is not found2 no man who can read1 that does not read it1 and1 if he can not1 he finds some charitable pair of eyes that can1 and hears it4 ,but these things are not for me to say2 these compliments tho true1 would better come from one who felt and understood these merits more4 ,i am not here to exchange civilities with you1 but rather to speak on that which ,i am sure interests these gentlemen more than their own praises2 of that which is good in holidays and working-days1 the same in one century and in another century4 ,that which lures a solitary ,american in the woods with the wish to see ,england1 is the moral peculiarity of the ,saxon race1--its commanding sense of right and wrong1--the love and devotion to that1--this is the imperial trait1 which arms them with the scepter of the globe4 ,it is this which lies at the foundation of that aristocratic character1 which certainly wanders into strange vagaries1 so that its origin is often lost sight of1 but which1 if it should lose this1 would find itself paralyzed2 and in trade1 and in the mechanic's shop1 gives that honesty in performance1 that thoroughness and solidity of work1 which is a national characteristic4 ,this conscience is one element1 and the other is that loyal adhesion1 that habit of friendship1 that homage of man to man1 running through all classes1--the electing of worthy persons to a certain fraternity1 to acts of kindness and warm and staunch support1 from year to year1 from youth to age1--which is alike lovely and honorable to those who render and those who receive it2--which stands in strong contrast with the superficial attachments of other races1 their excessive courtesy1 and short-lived connection4 ,you will think me very pedantic1 gentlemen1 but holiday tho it be1 ,i have not the smallest interest in any holiday1 except as it celebrates real and not pretended joys2 and ,i think it just1 in this time of gloom and commercial disaster1 of affliction and beggary in these districts1 that on these very accounts ,i speak of1 you should not fail to keep your literary anniversary4 ,i seem to hear you say that1 for all that is come and gone1 yet we will not reduce by one chaplet or one oak-leaf the braveries of our annual feast4 ,for ,i must tell you1 ,i was given to understand in my childhood that the ,british island1 from which my forefathers came1 was no lotus-garden1 no paradise of serene sky and roses and music and merriment all the year round1 no1 but a cold1 foggy1 mournful country1 where nothing grew well in the open air1 but robust men and virtuous women and these of a wonderful fiber and endurance2 that their best parts were slowly revealed2 their virtues did not come out until they quarrelled2 they did not strike twelve the first time2 good lovers1 good haters1 and you could know little about them till you had seen them long1 and little good of them till you had seen them in action2 that in prosperity they were moody and dumpish1 but in adversity they were grand4 ,is it not true1 sir1 that the wise ancients did not praise the ship parting with flying colors from the port1 but only that brave sailor which came back with torn sheets and battered sides1 stript of her banners1 but having ridden out the storm8 ,and so1 gentlemen1 ,i feel in regard to this aged ,england1 with the possessions1 honors and trophies1 and also with the infirmities of a thousand years gathering around her1 irretrievably committed as she now is to many old customs which can not be suddenly changed2 pressed upon by the transitions of trade1 and new and all incalculable modes1 fabrics1 arts1 machines and competing populations1--,i see her not dispirited1 not weak1 but well remembering that she has seen dark days before2 indeed with a kind of instinct that she sees a little better in a cloudy day1 and that in storm of battle and calamity1 she has a secret vigor and a pulse like a cannon4 ,i see her in her old age1 not decrepit1 but young1 and still daring to believe in her power of endurance and expansion4 ,seeing this1 ,i say1 ,all hail6 mother of nations1 mother of heroes1 with strength still equal to the time2 still wise to entertain and swift to execute the policy which the mind and heart of mankind require in the present hour1 and thus only hospitable to the foreigner1 and truly a home to the thoughtful and generous who are born in the soil4 ,so be it6 so be it6 ,if it be not so1 if the courage of ,england goes with the chances of a commercial crisis1 ,i will go back to the capes of ,massachusetts1 and my own ,indian stream1 and say to my countrymen1 the old race are all gone and the elasticity and hope of mankind must henceforth remain on the ,alleghany ranges1 or nowhere4 ,,the ,,age ,,of ,,research ,,by ,,william ,,ewart ,,gladstone ,mr4 ,chairman1 ,your ,royal ,highness1 ,my ,lords and ,gentlemen3--,i think no question can be raised as to the just claims of literature to stand upon the list of toasts at the ,royal ,academy1 and the sentiment is one to which1 upon any one of the numerous occasions of my attendance at your hospitable board1 ,i have always listened with the greatest satisfaction until the present day arrived1 when ,i am bound to say that that satisfaction is extremely qualified by the arrangement less felicitous1 ,i think1 than any which preceded it that refers to me the duty of returning thanks for ,literature4 ,however1 obedience is the principle upon which we must proceed1 and ,i have at least the qualification for discharging the duty you have been pleased to place in my hands--that no one has a deeper or more profound sense of the vital importance of the active and constant cultivation of letters as an essential condition of real progress and of the happiness of mankind1 and here every one at once perceives that that sisterhood of which the poet spoke1 whom you have quoted1 is a real sisterhood1 for literature and art are alike the votaries of beauty4 ,of these votaries ,i may thankfully say that as regards art ,i trace around me no signs of decay1 and none in that estimation in which the ,academy is held1 unless to be sure1 in the circumstance of your poverty of choice of one to reply to this toast4 ,during the present century the artists of this country have gallantly and nobly endeavored to maintain and to elevate their standard1 and have not perhaps in that great task always received that assistance which could be desired from the public taste which prevails around them4 ,but no one can examine even superficially the works which adorn these walls without perceiving that ,british art retains all its fertility of invention1 and this year as much as in any year that ,i can remember1 exhibits in the department of landscape1 that fundamental condition of all excellence1 intimate and profound sympathy with nature4 ,as regards literature one who is now beginning at any rate to descend the hill of life naturally looks backward as well as forward1 and we must be becoming conscious that the early part of this century has witnessed in this and other countries what will be remembered in future times as a splendid literary age4 ,the elder among us have lived in the lifetime of many great men who have passed to their rest--the younger have heard them familiarly spoken of and still have their works in their hands as ,i trust they will continue to be in the hands of all generations4 ,i am afraid we can not hope for literature--it would be contrary to all the experience of former times were we to hope that it should be equally sustained at that extraordinarily high level which belongs1 speaking roughly1 to the first fifty years after the peace of #ahae4 ,that was a great period--a great period in ,england1 a great period in ,germany1 a great period in ,france1 and a great period1 too1 in ,italy4 ,as ,i have said1 ,i think we can hardly hope that it should continue on a perfect level at so high an elevation4 ,undoubtedly the cultivation of literature will ever be dear to the people of this country2 but we must remember what is literature and what is not4 ,in the first place we should be all agreed that bookmaking is not literature4 ,the business of bookmaking ,i have no doubt may thrive and will be continued upon a constantly extending scale from year to year4 ,but that we may put aside4 ,for my own part if ,i am to look a little forward1 what ,i anticipate for the remainder of the century is an age not so much of literature proper--not so much of great1 permanent and splendid additions to those works in which beauty is embodied as an essential condition of production1 but rather look forward to an age of research4 ,this is an age of great research--of great research in science1 great research in history--an age of research in all the branches of inquiry that throw light upon the former condition whether of our race1 or of the world which it inhabits2 and it may be hoped that1 even if the remaining years of the century be not so brilliant as some of its former periods1 in the production of works great in themselves1 and immortal1--still they may add largely to the knowledge of mankind2 and if they make such additions to the knowledge of mankind1 they will be preparing the materials of a new tone and of new splendors in the realm of literature4 ,there is a sunrise and sunset4 ,there is a transition from the light of the sun to the gentler light of the moon4 ,there is a rest in nature which seems necessary in all her great operations4 ,and so with all the great operations of the human mind4 ,but do not let us despond if we seem to see a diminished efficacy in the production of what is essentially and immortally great4 ,our sun is hidden only for a moment4 ,it is like the day-star of ,milton3-- ,which anon repairs his drooping head1 ,and tricks his beams1 and with new spangled ore1 ,flames in the forehead of the morning sky4 ,i rejoice in an occasion like this which draws the attention of the world to topics which illustrate the union of art with literature and of literature with science1 because you have a hard race to run1 you have a severe competition against the attraction of external pursuits1 whether those pursuits take the form of business or pleasure4 ,it is given to you to teach lessons of the utmost importance to mankind1 in maintaining the principle that no progress can be real which is not equable1 which is not proportionate1 which does not develop all the faculties belonging to our nature4 ,if a great increase of wealth in a country takes place1 and with that increase of wealth a powerful stimulus to the invention of mere luxury1 that1 if it stands alone1 is not1 never can be1 progress4 ,it is only that one-sided development which is but one side of deformity4 ,i hope we shall have no one-sided development4 ,one mode of avoiding it is to teach the doctrine of that sisterhood you have asserted to-day1 and confident ,i am that the good wishes you have exprest on behalf of literature will be re-echoed in behalf of art wherever men of letters are found4 ,,address ,,of ,,welcome#a ,,by ,,oliver ,,wendell ,,holmes ,brothers of the ,association of the ,alumni3--,it is your misfortune and mine that you must accept my services as your presiding officer of the day in the place of your retiring president4 ,i shall not be believed if ,i say how unwillingly it is that for the second time ,i find myself in this trying position2 called upon to fill1 as ,i best may1 the place of one whose presence and bearing1 whose courtesy1 whose dignity1 whose scholarship1 whose standing among the distinguished children of the university1 fit him alike to guide your councils and to grace your festivals4 ,the name of ,winthrop has been so long associated with the ,state and with the college that to sit under his mild empire is like resting beneath one of these wide-branching elms the breadth of whose shade is only a measure of the hold its roots have taken in the soil4 ,in the midst of civil strife we1 the children of this our common mother1 have come together in peace4 ,and surely there never was a time when we more needed a brief respite in some chosen place of refuge1 some unviolated sanctuary1 from the cares and anxieties of our daily existence than at this very hour4 ,our life has grown haggard with excitement4 ,the rattle of drums1 the march of regiments1 the gallop of squadrons1 the roar of artillery1 seem to have been continually sounding in our ears day and night1 sleeping and waking1 for two long years and more4 ,how few of us have not trembled and shuddered with fear over and over again for those whom we love4 ,alas6 how many that hear me have mourned over the lost--lost to earthly sight1 but immortal in our love and their country's honor6 ,we need a little breathing-space to rest from our anxious thoughts1 and1 as we look back to the tranquil days we passed in this still retreat1 to dream of that future when in ,god's good time1 and after his wise purpose is fulfilled1 the fair angel who has so long left us shall lay her hand upon the leaping heart of this embattled nation and whisper1 ,peace6 be still6 ,here of all places in the world we may best hope to find the peace we seek for4 ,it seems as if nothing were left undisturbed in ,new ,england except here and there an old graveyard1 and these dear old ,college buildings1 with the trees in which they are embowered4 ,the old ,state ,house is filled with those that sell oxen and sheep and doves1 and the changers of money4 ,the ,hancock house1 the umbilical scar of the cord that held our city to the past1 is vanishing like a dimple from the water4 ,but ,massachusetts1 venerable old ,massachusetts1 stands as firm as ever2 ,hollis1 this very year a centenarian1 is waiting with its honest red face in a glow of cordiality to welcome its hundredth set of inmates2 ,holden ,chapel1 with the skulls of its ,doric frieze and the unpunishable cherub over its portals1 looks serenely to the sunsets2 ,harvard1 within whose ancient walls we are gathered1 and whose morning bell has murdered sleep for so many generations of drowsy adolescents1 is at its post1 ready to startle the new-fledged freshmen from their first uneasy slumbers4 ,all these venerable edifices stand as they did when we were boys1--when our grandfathers were boys4 ,let not the rash hand of innovation violate their sanctities1 for the cement that knits these walls is no vulgar mortar1 but is tempered with associations and memories which are stronger than the parts they bind together6 ,we meet on this auspicious morning forgetting all our lesser differences4 ,as we enter these consecrated precincts1 the livery of our special tribe in creed and in politics is taken from us at the door1 and we put on the court dress of our gracious ,queen's own ordering1 the academic robe1 such as we wore in those bygone years scattered along the seven last decades4 ,we are not forgetful of the honors which our fellow students have won since they received their college parts1--their orations1 dissertations1 disquisitions1 colloquies1 and ,greek dialogs4 ,but to-day we have no rank2 we are all first scholars4 ,the hero in his laurels sits next to the divine rustling in the dry garlands of his doctorate4 ,the poet in his crown of bays1 the critic1 in his wreath of ivy1 clasp each other's hands1 members of the same happy family4 ,this is the birthday feast for every one of us whose forehead has been sprinkled from the font inscribed ,christo et ,ecclesioe4 ,we have no badges but our diplomas1 no distinctions but our years of graduation4 ,this is the republic carried into the university2 all of us are born equal into this great fraternity4 ,welcome1 then1 welcome1 all of you1 dear brothers1 to this our joyous meeting6 ,we must1 we will call it joyous1 tho it comes with many saddening thoughts4 ,our last triennial meeting was a festival in a double sense1 for the same day that brought us together at our family gathering gave a new head to our ancient household of the university4 ,as ,i look to-day in vain for his stately presence and kindly smile1 ,i am reminded of the touching words spoken by an early president of the university in the remembrance of a loss not unlike our own4 ,it was at the commencement exercises of the year #afgh that the ,reverend ,president ,urian ,oakes thus mourned for his friend ,thomas ,shepard1 the minister of ,charlestown1 an overseer of the college3 ,dici non potest quam me perorantem1 in comitiis1 conspectus ejus1 multo jucundissimus1 recrearit et refecerit4 ,at non comparet hodie ,shepardus in his comitiis2 oculos huc illuc torqueo2 quocumque tamen inciderint1 ,platonem meum intanta virorum illustrium frequentia requirunt2 nusquam amicum et pernecessarium meum in hac solenni panegyric1 inter nosce ,reverendos ,theologos1 ,academiae ,curatores1 reperire aut oculis vestigare possum4 ,almost two hundred years have gone by since these words were uttered by the fourth president of the college1 which ,i repeat as no unfitting tribute to the memory of the twentieth1 the rare and fully ripened scholar who was suddenly ravished from us as some richly freighted argosy that just reaches her harbor and sinks under a cloudless sky with all her precious treasures4 ,but the great conflict through which we are passing has made sorrow too frequent a guest for us to linger on an occasion like this over every beloved name which the day recalls to our memory4 ,many of the children whom our mother had trained to arts have given the freshness of their youth or the strength of their manhood to arms4 ,how strangely frequent in our recent record is the sign interpreted by the words ,e vivis cesserunt stelligeri6 ,it seems as if the red war-planet had replaced the peaceful star1 and these pages blushed like a rubric with the long list of the martyr-children of our university4 ,i can not speak their eulogy1 for there are no phrases in my vocabulary fit to enshrine the memory of the ,christian warrior1--of him-- ,who1 doomed to go in company with ,pain ,and ,fear and ,bloodshed1 miserable train1 ,turns his necessity to glorious gain-- ,who1 whether praise of him must walk the earth ,forever1 and to noble deeds give birth1 ,or he must fall1 to sleep without his fame1 ,and leave a dead1 unprofitable name1 ,finds comfort in himself and in his cause2 ,and while the mortal mist is gathering1 draws ,his breath in confidence of ,heaven's applause4 ,yet again1 ,o brothers6 this is not the hour for sorrow4 ,month after month until the months became years we have cried to those who stood upon our walls3 ,watchmen1 what of the night8 ,they have answered again and again1 ,the dawn is breaking1--it will soon be day4 ,but the night has gathered round us darker than before4 ,at last--glory be to ,god in the highest6--at last we ask no more tidings of the watchmen1 for over both horizons east and west bursts forth in one overflowing tide of radiance the ruddy light of victory6 ,we have no parties here to-day1 but is there one breast that does not throb with joy as the banners of the conquering ,republic follow her retreating foes to the banks of the angry ,potomac8 ,is there one heart that does not thrill in answer to the drum-beat that rings all over the world as the army of the west1 on the morning of the nation's birth1 swarms over the silent1 sullen earthworks of captured ,vicksburg1--to the reveille that calls up our ,northern regiments this morning inside the fatal abatis of ,port ,hudson8 ,we are scholars1 we are graduates1 we are alumni1 we are a band of brothers1 but beside all1 above all1 we are ,american citizens4 ,and now that hope dawns upon our land--nay1 bursts upon it in a flood of glory1--shall we not feel its splendors reflected upon our peaceful gathering1 peaceful in spite of those disturbances which the strong hand of our citizen-soldiery has already strangled8 ,welcome then1 thrice welcome1 scholarly soldiers who have fought for your and our rights and honor6 ,welcome1 soldierly scholars who are ready to fight whenever your country calls for your services6 ,welcome1 ye who preach courage as well as meekness1 remembering that the ,prince of ,peace came also bringing a sword6 ,welcome1 ye who make and who interpret the statutes which are meant to guard our liberties in peace1 but not to aid our foes in war6 ,welcome1 ye whose healing ministry soothes the anguish of the suffering and the dying with every aid of art and the tender accents of compassion6 ,welcome1 ye who are training the generous youths to whom our country looks as its future guardians6 ,welcome1 ye quiet scholars who in your lonely studies are unconsciously shaping the thought which law shall forge into its shield and war shall wield as its thunder-bolt6 ,and to you1 ,mr4 ,president1 called from one place of trust and honor to rule over the concerns of this our ancient and venerated institution1 to you we offer our most cordial welcome with all our hopes and prayers for your long and happy administration4 ,i give you1 brothers1 ,the association of the ,alumni2 the children of our common mother recognize the man of her choice as their new father1 and would like to hear him address a few words to his numerous family4 ,,footnote3 #a ,delivered at an ,alumni ,dinner1 ,cambridge1 ,july #af1 #ahfc4 ,,good ,,will ,,to ,,america#b ,,by ,,sir ,,william ,,harcourt ,gentlemen3--,small as are the pretensions which1 on any account1 ,i can have to present myself to the attention of this remarkable assemblage1 ,i have had no hesitation in answering the call which is just been made upon me by discharging a duty which is no less gratifying to me than ,i know it will be agreeable to you--that of proposing that the thanks of this meeting be offered to the chairman for his presidence over us to-day4 ,every one who admires ,mr4 ,garrison for the qualities on account of which we have met to do him honor on this occasion1 must feel that there is a singular appropriateness in the selection of the person who has presided here to-day4 ,no one can fail to perceive a striking similarity--,i might almost say a real parallelism of greatness--in the careers of these two eminent persons4 ,both are men who1 by the great qualities of their minds1 and the uncompromising spirit of justice which has animated them1 have signally advanced the cause of truth and vindicated the rights of humanity4 ,both have been fortunate enough in the span of their own lifetime to have seen their efforts in the promotion of great ends crowned by triumphs as great as they could have desired1 and far greater than they could have hoped4 ,there is no cause with which the name of ,mr4 ,bright has been associated which has not sooner or later won its way to victory4 ,i shall not go over the ground which has been so well dealt with by those who have preceded me4 ,but tho there have been many abler interpreters of your wishes and aspirations to-day than ,i can hope to be1 may ,i be permitted to join my voice to those which have been raised up in favor of the perpetual amity of ,england and ,america4 ,it seems to me that with nations1 as well as with individuals1 greatness of character depends chiefly on the degree in which they are capable of rising above thee low1 narrow1 paltry interests of the present1 and of looking forward with hope and with faith into the distance of a great futurity4 ,and where1 ,i will ask1 is the future of our race to be found8 ,i may extend the question--where is to be found the future of mankind8 ,who that can forecast the fortunes of the ages to come will not answer--it is in that great nation which has sprung from our loins1 which is flesh of our flesh and bone of our bone4 ,the stratifications of history are full of the skeletons of ruined kingdoms and of races that are no more4 ,where are ,assyria and ,egypt1 the civilization of ,greece1 the universal dominion of ,rome8 ,they founded empires of conquest1 which have perished by the sword by which they rose4 ,is it to be with us as with them8 ,i hope not--,i think not4 ,but if the day of our decline should arise1 we shall at least have the consolation of knowing that we have left behind us a race which shall perpetuate our name and reproduce our greatness4 ,was there ever parent who had juster reason to be proud of its offspring8 ,was there ever child that had more cause for gratitude to its progenitor8 ,from whom but us did ,america derive those institutions of liberty1 those instincts of government1 that capacity of greatness1 which have made her what she is1 and which will yet make her that which she is destined to become8 ,these are things which it becomes us both to remember and to think upon4 ,and1 therefore1 it is that1 as our distinguished guest1 with innate modesty1 has already said1 this is not a mere personal festivity--this is no occasional compliment4 ,we see in it a deeper and wider significance4 ,we celebrate in it the union of two nations4 ,while ,i ask you to return your thanks to our chairman ,i think ,i may venture also to ask of our guest a boon which he will not refuse us4 ,we have a great message to send1 and we have here a messenger worthy to bear it4 ,i will ask ,mr4 ,garrison to carry back to his home the prayer of this assembly and of this nation that there may be forever and forever peace and good will between ,england and ,america4 ,for the good will of ,america and ,england is nothing less than the evangel of liberty and of peace4 ,and who more worthy to preside over such a gospel than the chairman to whom ,i ask you to return your thanks to-day8 ,i beg to propose that the thanks of the meeting be given to ,mr4 ,bright4 ,,footnote3 #b ,speech at breakfast held in ,london in honor of ,mr4 ,garrison1 ,june #bi1 #ahfg4 ,,the ,,qualities ,,that ,,win ,,by ,,charles ,,sumner ,mr4 ,president and ,brothers of ,new ,england3--,for the first time in my life ,i have the good fortune to enjoy this famous anniversary festival4 ,tho often honored by your most tempting invitation1 and longing to celebrate the day in this goodly company of which all have heard so much1 ,i could never excuse myself from duties in another place4 ,if now ,i yield to well-known attractions1 and journey from ,washington for my first holiday during a protracted public service1 it is because all was enhanced by the appeal of your excellent president1 to whom ,i am bound by the friendship of many years in ,boston1 in ,new ,york1 and in a foreign land4 ,it is much to be a brother of ,new ,england1 but it is more to be a friend1 and this tie ,i have pleasure in confessing to-night4 ,it is with much doubt and humility that ,i venture to answer for the ,senate of the ,united ,states1 and ,i believe the least ,i say on this head will be the most prudent4 ,but ,i shall be entirely safe in expressing my doubt if there is a single ,senator who would not be glad of a seat at this generous banquet4 ,what is the ,senate8 ,it is a component part of the ,national ,government4 ,but we celebrate to-day more than any component part of any government4 ,we celebrate an epoch in the history of mankind--not only never to be forgotten1 but to grow in grandeur as the world appreciates the elements of true greatness4 ,of mankind ,i say--for the landing on ,plymouth ,rock1 on ,december #bb1 #afbj1 marks the origin of a new order of ages1 which the whole human family will be elevated4 ,then and there was the great beginning4 ,throughout all time1 from the dawn of history1 men have swarmed to found new homes in distant lands4 ,the ,tyrians1 skirting ,northern ,africa1 stopt at ,carthage2 ,carthaginians dotted ,spain and even the distant coasts of ,britain and ,ireland2 ,greeks gemmed ,italy and ,sicily with art-loving settlements2 ,rome carried multitudinous colonies with her conquering eagles4 ,saxons1 ,danes1 and ,normans violently mingled with the original ,britons4 ,and in modern times1 ,venice1 ,genoa1 ,portugal1 ,spain1 ,france1 and ,england1 all sent forth emigrants to people foreign shores4 ,but in these various expeditions1 trade or war was the impelling motive4 ,too often commerce and conquest moved hand in hand1 and the colony was incarnadined with blood4 ,on the day we celebrate1 the sun for the first time in his course looked down upon a different scene1 begun and continued under a different inspiration4 ,a few conscientious ,englishmen1 in obedience to the monitor within1 and that they might be free to worship ,god according to their own sense of duty1 set sail for the unknown wilds of the ,north ,american continent4 ,after a voyage of sixty-four days in the ship ,mayflower1 with ,liberty at the prow and ,conscience at the helm1 they sighted the white sandbanks of ,cape ,cod1 and soon thereafter in the small cabin framed that brief compact1 forever memorable1 which is the first written constitution of government in human history1 and the very corner-stone of the ,american ,republic2 and then these ,pilgrims landed4 ,this compact was not only foremost in time1 it was also august in character1 and worthy of perpetual example4 ,never before had the object of the civil body public been announced as to enact1 constitute1 and frame such just and equal laws1 ordinances1 acts1 constitutions1 and offices from time to time as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony4 ,how lofty6 how true6 ,undoubtedly1 these were the grandest words of government with the largest promise of any at that time uttered4 ,if more were needed to illustrate the new epoch1 it would be found in the parting words of the venerable pastor1 ,john ,robinson1 addrest to the ,pilgrims1 as they were about to sail from ,delfshaven--words often quoted1 yet never enough4 ,how sweetly and beautifully he says3 ,and if ,god should reveal anything to you by any other instrument of his1 be as ready to receive it as ever you were to receive any truth by my ministry2 but ,i am confident that the ,lord hath more light and truth yet to break forth out of his holy word4 ,and then how justly the good preacher rebukes those who close their souls to truth6 ,the ,lutherans1 for example1 can not be drawn to go beyond what ,luther saw1 and whatever part of ,god's will he hath further imparted to ,calvin1 they will rather die than embrace1 and so the ,calvinists stick where he left them4 ,this is a misery much to be lamented1 for tho they were precious1 shining lights in their times1 ,god hath not revealed his whole will to them4 ,beyond the merited rebuke1 here is a plain recognition of the law of human progress little discerned at the time1 which teaches the sure advance of the human family1 and opens the vista of the ever-broadening1 never-ending future on earth4 ,our ,pilgrims were few and poor4 ,the whole outfit of this historic voyage1 including #a1gjj of trading stock1 was only #b1djj1 and how little was required for their succor appears in the experience of the soldier ,captain ,miles ,standish1 who1 being sent to ,england for assistance--not military1 but financial--7,god save the mark67 succeeded in borrowing--how much do you suppose8--#aej sterling4 ,something in the way of help2 and the historian adds1 tho at fifty per cent4 interest4 ,so much for a valiant soldier on a financial expedition4 ,a later agent1 ,allerton1 was able to borrow for the colony #bjj at a reduced interest of thirty per cent4 ,plainly1 the money-sharks of our day may trace an undoubted pedigree to these ,london merchants4 ,but ,i know not if any son of ,new ,england1 opprest by exorbitant interest1 will be consoled by the thought that the ,pilgrims paid the same4 ,and yet this small people--so obscure and outcast in condition--so slender in numbers and in means--so entirely unknown to the proud and great--so absolutely without name in contemporary records--whose departure from the ,old ,world took little more than the breath of their bodies--are now illustrious beyond the lot of men2 and the ,mayflower is immortal beyond the ,grecian ,argo1 or the stately ship of any victorious admiral4 ,tho this was little foreseen in their day1 it is plain now how it has come to pass4 ,the highest greatness surviving time and storm is that which proceeds from the soul of man4 ,monarchs and cabinets1 generals and admirals1 with the pomp of courts and the circumstance of war1 in the gradual lapse of time disappear from sight2 but the pioneers of truth1 tho poor and lowly1 especially those whose example elevates human nature and teaches the rights of man1 so that government of the people1 by the people1 and for the people shall not perish from the earth1 such harbingers can never be forgotten1 and their renown spreads co-extensive with the cause they served4 ,i know not if any whom ,i now have the honor of addressing have thought to recall the great in rank and power filling the gaze of the world as the ,mayflower with her company fared forth on their adventurous voyage4 ,the foolish ,james was yet on the ,english throne1 glorying that he had peppered the ,puritans4 ,the morose ,louis ,,xiii1 through whom ,richelieu ruled1 was ,king of ,france4 ,the imbecile ,philip ,,iii swayed ,spain and the ,indies4 ,the persecuting ,ferdinand the ,second1 tormentor of ,protestants1 was ,emperor of ,germany4 ,paul ,v1 of the ,house of ,borghese1 was ,pope of ,rome4 ,in the same princely company and all contemporaries were ,christian ,,iv1 ,king of ,denmark1 and his son ,christian1 ,prince of ,norway2 ,gustavus ,adolphus1 ,king of ,sweden2 ,sigmund the ,third1 ,king of ,poland2 ,frederick1 ,king of ,bohemia1 with his wife1 the unhappy ,elizabeth of ,england1 progenitor of the ,house of ,hanover2 ,george ,william1 ,margrave of ,brandenburg1 and ancestor of the ,prussian house that has given an emperor to ,germany2 ,maximilian1 ,duke of ,bavaria2 ,maurice1 landgrave of ,hesse2 ,christian1 ,duke of ,brunswick and ,lunenburg2 ,john ,frederick1 ,duke of ,wrtemberg and ,teck2 ,john1 ,count of ,nassau2 ,henry1 ,duke of ,lorraine2 ,isabella1 ,infanta of ,spain and ruler of the ,low ,countries2 ,maurice1 fourth ,prince of ,orange2 ,charles ,emanuel1 ,duke of ,savoy and ancestor of the ,king of ,united ,italy2 ,cosmo d ,medici1 third ,grand ,duke of ,florence2 ,antonio ,priuli1 ninety-third ,doge of ,venice1 just after the terrible tragedy commemorated on the ,english stage as ,venice ,preserved2 ,bethlehem ,gabor1 ,prince of ,unitarian ,transylvania1 and elected ,king of ,hungary1 with the countenance of an ,african2 and the ,sultan ,mustapha1 of ,constantinople1 twentieth ruler of the ,turks4 ,such at that time were the crowned sovereigns of ,europe1 whose names were mentioned always with awe1 and whose countenances are handed down by art1 so that at this day they are visible to the curious as if they walked these streets4 ,mark now the contrast4 ,there was no artist for our forefathers1 nor are their countenances now known to men2 but more than any powerful contemporaries at whose tread the earth trembled is their memory sacred4 ,pope1 emperor1 king1 sultan1 grand-duke1 duke1 doge1 margrave1 landgrave1 count--what are they all by the side of the humble company that landed on ,plymouth ,rock8 ,theirs indeed1 were the ensigns of worldly power1 but our ,pilgrims had in themselves that inborn virtue which was more than all else besides1 and their landing was an epoch4 ,who in the imposing troop of worldly grandeur is now remembered but with indifference or contempt8 ,if ,i except ,gustavus ,adolphus1 it is because he revealed a superior character4 ,confront the ,mayflower and the ,pilgrims with the potentates who occupied such space in the world4 ,the former are ascending into the firmament1 there to shine forever1 while the latter have been long dropping into the darkness of oblivion1 to be brought forth only to point a moral or illustrate the fame of contemporaries whom they regarded not4 ,do ,i err in supposing this an illustration of the supremacy which belongs to the triumphs of the moral nature8 ,at first impeded or postponed1 they at last prevail4 ,theirs is a brightness which1 breaking through all clouds1 will shine forth with ever-increasing splendor4 ,i have often thought that if ,i were a preacher1 if ,i had the honor to occupy the pulpit so grandly filled by my friend near me1 one of my sermons should be from the text1 ,a little leaven shall leaven the whole lump4 ,nor do ,i know a better illustration of these words than the influence exerted by our ,pilgrims4 ,that small band1 with the lesson of self-sacrifice1 of just and equal laws1 of the government of a majority1 of unshrinking loyalty to principle1 is now leavening this whole continent1 and in the fulness of time will leaven the world4 ,by their example1 republican institutions have been commended1 and in proportion as we imitate them will these institutions be assured4 ,liberty1 which we so much covet1 is not a solitary plant4 ,always by its side is justice4 ,but ,justice is nothing but right applied to human affairs4 ,do not forget1 ,i entreat you1 that with the highest morality is the highest liberty4 ,a great poet1 in one of his inspired sonnets1 speaking of his priceless possession1 has said1 ,but who loves that must first be wise and good4 ,therefore do ,pilgrims in their beautiful example teach liberty1 teach republican institutions1 as at an earlier day1 ,socrates and ,plato1 in their lessons of wisdom1 taught liberty and helped the idea of the republic4 ,if republican government has thus far failed in any experiment1 as1 perhaps1 somewhere in ,spanish ,america1 it is because these lessons have been wanting4 ,there have been no ,pilgrims to teach the moral law4 ,mr4 ,president1 with these thoughts1 which ,i imperfectly express1 ,i confess my obligations to the forefathers of ,new ,england1 and offer to them the homage of a grateful heart4 ,but not in thanksgiving only would ,i celebrate their memory4 ,i would if ,i could make their example a universal lesson1 and stamp it upon the land4 ,the conscience which directed them should be the guide for our public councils4 ,the just and equal laws which they required should be ordained by us1 and the hospitality to truth which was their rule should be ours4 ,nor would ,i forget their courage and stedfastness4 ,had they turned back or wavered1 ,i know not what would have been the record of this continent1 but ,i see clearly that a great example would have been lost4 ,had ,columbus yielded to his mutinous crew and returned to ,spain without his great discovery2 had ,washington shrunk away disheartened by ,british power and the snows of ,new ,jersey1 these great instances would have been wanting for the encouragement of men4 ,but our ,pilgrims belong to the same heroic company1 and their example is not less precious4 ,only a short time after the landing on ,plymouth ,rock1 the great republican poet1 ,john ,milton1 wrote his ,comus1 so wonderful for beauty and truth4 ,his nature was more refined than that of the ,pilgrims1 and yet it requires little effort of imagination to catch from one of them1 or at least from their beloved pastor1 the exquisite1 almost angelic words at the close-- ,mortals1 who would follow me1 ,love ,virtue2 she alone is free2 ,she can teach ye how to climb ,higher than the sphery chime4 ,or if ,virtue feeble were1 ,heaven itself would stoop to her4 ,,the ,,english-,,speaking ,,race ,,by ,,george ,,william ,,curtis ,mr4 ,chairman and ,gentlemen of the ,chamber of ,commerce3--,i rise with some trepidation to respond to this toast1 because we have been assured upon high authority1 altho after what we have heard this evening we can not believe it1 that the ,english-speaking race speaks altogether too much4 ,our eloquent ,minister in ,england recently congratulated the ,mechanics' ,institute at ,nottingham that it had abolished its debating club1 and said that he gladly anticipated the establishment in all great institutions of education of a professorship of ,silence4 ,i confess that the proposal never seemed to me so timely and wise as at this moment4 ,if ,i had only taken a high degree in silence1 ,mr4 ,chairman1 how cordially you would congratulate me and this cheerful company6 ,when ,mr4 ,phelps proceeded to say that ,americans are not allowed to talk all the time1 and that our orators are turned loose upon the public only once in four years1 ,i was lost in admiration of the boundless sweep of his imagination4 ,but when he said that the result of this quadrennial outburst was to make the country grateful that it did not come oftener1 ,i saw that his case required heroic treatment1 and must be turned over to ,dr4 ,depew4 ,i am sure1 at least1 that when our distinguished friends from ,england return to their native land they will hasten to besiege ,his ,excellency to tell them where the ,americans are kept who speak only once in four years4 ,and if they will but remain through the winter1 they will discover that if our orators are turned loose upon the public only once in four years1 they are turned loose in private all the rest of the time2 and if the experience and observation of our guests are as fortunate as mine1 they will learn that there are certain orators of both branches of the ,english-speaking race--not one hundred miles from me at this moment--whom the public would gladly hear1 if they were turned loose upon it every four hours4 ,wendell ,phillips used to say that as soon as a ,yankee baby could sit up in his cradle1 he called the nursery to order and proceeded to address the house4 ,if this ,parliamentary instinct is irrepressible1 if all the year round we are listening to orations1 speeches1 lectures1 sermons1 and the incessant1 if not always soothing1 oratory of the press1 to which ,his ,honor the ,mayor is understood to be a closely attentive listener1 we have at least the consolation of knowing that the talking countries are the free countries1 and that the ,english-speaking races are the invincible legions of liberty4 ,the sentiment which you have read1 ,mr4 ,chairman1 describes in a few comprehensive words the historic characteristics of the ,english-speaking race4 ,that it is the founder of commonwealths1 let the miracle of empire which we have wrought upon the ,western ,continent attest3--its advance from the seaboard with the rifle and the ax1 the plow and the shuttle1 the teapot and the ,bible1 the rocking-chair and the spelling-book1 the bath-tub and a free constitution1 sweeping across the ,alleghanies1 over-spreading the prairies and pushing on until the dash of the ,atlantic in their ears dies in the murmur of the ,pacific2 and as the wonderful ,goddess of the old mythology touched earth1 flowers and fruits answered her footfall1 so in the long trail of this advancing race1 it has left clusters of happy ,states1 teeming with a population1 man by man1 more intelligent and prosperous than ever before the sun shone upon1 and each remoter camp of that triumphal march is but a further outpost of ,english-speaking civilization4 ,that it is the pioneer of progress1 is written all over the globe to the utmost islands of the sea1 and upon every page of the history of civil and religious and commercial freedom4 ,every factory that hums with marvelous machinery1 every railway and steamer1 every telegraph and telephone1 the changed systems of agriculture1 the endless and universal throb and heat of magical invention1 are1 in their larger part1 but the expression of the genius of the race that with ,watts drew from the airiest vapor the mightiest of motive powers1 with ,franklin leashed the lightning1 and with ,morse outfabled fairy lore4 ,the race that extorted from kings the charter of its political rights has won1 from the princes and powers of the air1 the earth and the water1 the secret of supreme dominion1 the illimitable franchise of beneficent progress4 ,that it is the stubborn defender of liberty1 let our own annals answer1 for ,america sprang from the defense of ,english liberty in ,english colonies1 by men of ,english blood1 who still proudly speak the ,english language1 cherish ,english traditions1 and share of right1 and as their own1 the ancient glory of ,england4 ,no ,english-speaking people could1 if it would1 escape its distinctive name1 and1 since ,greece and ,judea1 no name has the same worth and honor among men4 ,we ,americans may flout ,england a hundred times4 ,we may oppose her opinions with reason1 we may think her views unsound1 her policy unwise2 but from what country would the most ,american of ,americans prefer to have derived the characteristic impulse of ,american development and civilization rather than ,england8 ,what language would we rather speak than the tongue of ,shakespeare and ,hampden1 of the ,pilgrims and ,king ,james's version8 ,what yachts1 as a tribute to ourselves upon their own element1 would we rather outsail than ,english yachts8 ,in what national life1 modes of thought1 standards and estimates of character and achievement do we find our own so perfectly reflected as in the ,english ,house of ,commons1 in ,english counting-rooms and workshops1 and in ,english homes8 ,no doubt the original stock has been essentially modified in the younger branch4 ,the ,american1 as he looks across the sea1 to what ,hawthorne happily called ,our old home1 and contemplates himself1 is disposed to murmur3 ,out of the eater shall come forth meat and out of the strength shall come forth sweetness4 ,he left ,england a ,puritan iconoclast2 he has developed in ,church and ,state into a constitutional reformer4 ,he came hither a knotted club2 he has been transformed into a ,damascus blade4 ,he seized and tamed a continent with a hand of iron2 he civilizes and controls it with a touch of velvet4 ,no music is so sweet to his ear as the sound of the common-school bell2 no principle so dear to his heart as the equal rights of all men2 no vision so entrancing to his hope as those rights universally secured4 ,this is the ,yankee2 this is the younger branch2 but a branch of no base or brittle fiber1 but of the tough old ,english oak1 which has weathered triumphantly the tempest of a thousand years4 ,it is a noble contention whether the younger or the elder branch has further advanced the frontiers of liberty1 but it is unquestionable that liberty1 as we understand it on both sides of the sea1 is an ,english tradition2 we inherit it1 we possess it1 we transmit it1 under forms peculiar to the ,english race4 ,it is as ,mr4 ,chamberlain has said1 liberty under law4 ,it is liberty1 not license2 civilization1 not barbarism2 it is liberty clad in the celestial robe of law1 because law is the only authoritative expression of the will of the people1 representative government1 trial by jury1 habeas corpus1 freedom of speech and of the press--why1 ,mr4 ,chairman1 they are the family heirlooms1 the family diamonds1 and they go wherever in the wide world go the family name and language and tradition4 ,sir1 with all my heart1 and1 ,i am sure1 with the hearty assent of this great and representative company1 ,i respond to the final aspiration of your toast3 ,may this great family in all its branches ever work together for the world's welfare4 ,certainly its division and alienation would be the world's misfortune4 ,that ,england and ,america have had sharp and angry quarrels is undeniable4 ,party spirit in this country1 recalling old animosity1 has always stigmatized with the ,english name whatever it opposed4 ,every difference1 every misunderstanding with ,england has been ignobly turned to party account2 but the two great branches of this common race have come of age1 and wherever they may encounter a serious difficulty which must be accommodated they have but to thrust demagogues aside1 to recall the sublime words of ,abraham ,lincoln1 ,with malice toward none1 with charity for all1 and in that spirit1 and in the spirit and the emotion represented in this country by the gentlemen upon my right and my left1 ,i make bold to say to ,mr4 ,chamberlain1 in your name1 there can be no misunderstanding which may not be honorably and happily adjusted4 ,for to our race1 gentlemen of both countries1 is committed not only the defense1 but the illustration of constitutional liberty4 ,the question is not what we did a century ago1 or in the beginning of this century1 with the lights that shone around us1 but what is our duty to-day1 in the light which is given to us of popular government under the republican form in this country1 and the parliamentary form in ,england4 ,if a sensitive public conscience1 if general intelligence should not fail to secure us from unnatural conflict1 then liberty will not be justified of her children1 and the glory of the ,english-speaking race will decline4 ,i do not believe it4 ,i believe that it is constantly increasing1 and that the colossal power which slumbers in the arms of a kindred people will henceforth be invoked1 not to drive them further asunder1 but to weld them more indissolubly together in the defense of liberty under law4 ,,woman ,,by ,,horace ,,porter ,mr4 ,president and ,gentlemen3--,when this toast was proposed to me1 ,i insisted that it ought to be responded to by a bachelor1 by some one who is known as a ladies' man2 but in these days of female proprietorship it is supposed that a married person is more essentially a ladies' man than anybody else1 and it was thought that only one who had the courage to address a lady could have the courage1 under these circumstances1 to address the ,new ,england ,society4 ,the toast1 ,i see1 is not in its usual order to-night4 ,at public dinners this toast is habitually placed last on the list4 ,it seems to be a benevolent provision of the ,committee on ,toasts in order to give man in replying to ,woman one chance at least in life of having the last word4 ,at the ,new ,england dinners1 unfortunately the most fruitful subject of remark regarding woman is not so much her appearance as her disappearance4 ,i know that this was remedied a few years ago1 when this grand annual gastronomic high carnival was held in the ,metropolitan ,concert ,hall4 ,there1 ladies were introduced into the galleries to grace the scene by their presence2 and ,i am sure the experiment was sufficiently encouraging to warrant repetition1 for it was beautiful to see the descendants of the ,pilgrims sitting with eyes upturned in true ,puritanic sanctity it was encouraging to see the sons of those pious sires devoting themselves1 at least for one night1 to setting their affections upon things above4 ,woman's first home was in the ,garden of ,eden4 ,there man first married woman4 ,strange that the incident should have suggested to ,milton the ,paradise ,lost4 ,man was placed in a profound sleep1 a rib was taken from his side1 a woman was created from it1 and she became his wife4 ,evil-minded persons constantly tell us that thus man's first sleep became his last repose4 ,but if woman be given at times to that contrariety of thought and perversity of mind which sometimes passeth our understanding1 it must be recollected in her favor that she was created out of the crookedest part of man4 ,the ,rabbins have a different theory regarding creation4 ,they go back to the time when we were all monkeys4 ,they insist that man was originally created with a kind of ,darwinian tail1 and that in the process of evolution this caudal appendage was removed and created into woman4 ,this might better account for those ,caudle lectures which woman is in the habit of delivering1 and some color is given to this theory1 from the fact that husbands even down to the present day seem to inherit a general disposition to leave their wives behind4 ,the first woman1 finding no other man in that garden except her own husband1 took to flirting even with the ,devil4 ,the race might have been saved much tribulation if ,eden had been located in some calm and tranquil land--like ,ireland4 ,there would at least have been no snakes there to get into the garden4 ,now woman in her thirst after knowledge1 showed her true female inquisitiveness in her cross-examination of the serpent1 and1 in commemoration of that circumstance the serpent seems to have been curled up and used in nearly all languages as a sign of interrogation4 ,soon the domestic troubles of our first parents began4 ,the first woman's favorite son was killed with a club1 and married women even to this day seem to have an instinctive horror of clubs4 ,the first woman learned that it was ,cain that raised a club4 ,the modern woman has learned that it is a club that raises cain4 ,yet1 ,i think1 ,i recognize faces here to-night that ,i see behind the windows of ,fifth ,avenue clubs of an afternoon1 with their noses pressed flat against the broad plate glass1 and as woman trips along the sidewalk1 ,i have observed that these gentlemen appear to be more assiduously engaged than ever was a government scientific commission1 in taking observations upon the transit of ,venus4 ,before those windows passes many a face fairer than that of the ,ludovician ,juno or the ,venus of ,medici4 ,there is the ,saxon blonde with the deep blue eye1 whose glances return love for love1 whose silken tresses rest upon her shoulders like a wealth of golden fleece1 each thread of which looks like a ray of the morning sunbeam4 ,there is the ,latin brunette with the deep1 black1 piercing eye1 whose jetty lashes rest like a silken fringe upon the pearly texture of her dainty cheek1 looking like raven's wings spread out upon new-fallen snow4 ,and yet the club man is not happy4 ,as the ages roll on woman has materially elevated herself in the scale of being4 ,now she stops at nothing4 ,she soars4 ,she demands the co-education of sexes4 ,she thinks nothing of delving into the most abstruse problems of the higher branches of analytical science4 ,she can cipher out the exact hour of the night when her husband ought to be home1 either according to the old or the recently adopted method of calculating time4 ,i never knew of but one married man who gained any decided domestic advantage by this change in our time4 ,he was a habitu of a club situated next door to his house4 ,his wife was always upbraiding him for coming home too late at night4 ,fortunately1 when they made this change of time1 they placed one of those meridians from which our time is calculated right between the club and his house4 ,every time he stept across that imaginary line it set him back a whole hour in time4 ,he found that he could then leave his club at one o'clock and get home to his wife at twelve2 and for the first time in twenty years peace reigned around the hearthstone4 ,woman now revels even in the more complicated problems of mathematical astronomy4 ,give a woman ten minutes and she will describe a heliocentric parallax of the heavens4 ,give her twenty minutes and she will find astronomically the longitude of a place by means of lunar culminations4 ,give that same woman an hour and a half with the present fashions1 and she can not find the pocket in her dress4 ,and yet man's admiration for woman never flags4 ,he will give her half his fortune2 he will give her his whole heart2 he seems always willing to give her everything that he possesses1 except his seat in a horse-car4 ,every nation has had its heroines as well as its heroes4 ,england1 in her wars1 had a ,florence ,nightingale2 and the soldiers in the expression of their adoration1 used to stoop and kiss the hem of her garment as she passed4 ,america1 in her war1 had a ,dr4 ,mary ,walker4 ,nobody ever stooped to kiss the hem of her garment--because that was not exactly the kind of a garment she wore4 ,but why should man stand here and attempt to speak for woman1 when she is so abundantly equipped to speak for herself4 ,i know that is the case in ,new ,england2 and ,i am reminded1 by seeing ,general ,grant here to-night1 of an incident in proof of it which occurred when he was making that marvelous tour through ,new ,england1 just after the war4 ,the train stopt at a station in the ,state of ,maine4 ,the ,general was standing on the rear platform of the last car4 ,at that time1 as you know1 he had a great reputation for silence--for it was before he had made his series of brilliant speeches before the ,new ,england ,society4 ,they spoke of his reticence--a quality which ,new ,englanders admire so much--in others4 ,suddenly there was a commotion in the crowd1 and as it opened a large1 tall1 gaunt-looking woman came rushing toward the car1 out of breath4 ,taking her spectacles off from the top of her head and putting them on her nose1 she put her arms akimbo1 and looking up1 said3 ,well1 ,i've just come down here a runnin' nigh onto two mile1 right on the clean jump1 just to get a look at the man that lets the women do all the talkin'4 ,the first regular speaker of the evening 7,william ,m4 ,evarts7 touched upon woman1 but only incidentally1 only in reference to ,mormonism and that sad land of ,utah1 where a single death may make a dozen widows4 ,a speaker at the ,new ,england dinner in ,brooklyn last night 7,henry ,ward ,beecher7 tried to prove that the ,mormons came originally from ,new ,hampshire and ,vermont4 ,i know that a ,new ,englander sometimes in the course of his life marries several times2 but he takes the precaution to take his wives in their proper order of legal succession4 ,the difference is that he drives his team of wives tandem1 while the ,mormon insists upon driving his abreast4 ,but even the least serious of us1 ,mr4 ,president1 have some serious moments in which to contemplate the true nobility of woman's character4 ,if she were created from a rib1 she was made from that part which lies nearest a man's heart4 ,it has been beautifully said that man was fashioned out of the dust of the earth while woman was created from ,god's own image4 ,it is our pride in this land that woman's honor is her own best defense2 that here female virtue is not measured by the vigilance of detective nurses2 that here woman may walk throughout the length and the breadth of this land1 through its highways and byways1 uninsulted1 unmolested1 clothed in the invulnerable panoply of her own woman's virtue2 that even in places where crime lurks and vice prevails in the haunts of our great cities1 and in the rude mining gulches of the ,west1 owing to the noble efforts of our women1 and the influence of their example1 there are raised1 even there1 girls who are good daughters1 loyal wives1 and faithful mothers4 ,they seem to rise in those rude surroundings as grows the pond lily1 which is entangled by every species of rank growth1 environed by poison1 miasma and corruption1 and yet which rises in the beauty of its purity and lifts its fair face unblushing to the sun4 ,no one who has witnessed the heroism of ,america's daughters in the field should fail to pay a passing tribute to their worth4 ,i do not speak alone of those trained ,sisters of ,charity1 who in scenes of misery and woe seem ,heaven's chosen messengers on earth2 but ,i would speak also of those fair daughters who come forth from the comfortable firesides of ,new ,england and other ,states1 little trained to scenes of suffering1 little used to the rudeness of a life in camp1 who gave their all1 their time1 their health1 and even life itself as a willing sacrifice in that cause which then moved the nation's soul4 ,as one of these1 with her graceful form1 was seen moving silently through the darkened aisles of an army hospital1 as the motion of her passing dress wafted a breeze across the face of the wounded1 they felt that their parched brows had been fanned by the wings of the angel of mercy4 ,ah6 ,mr4 ,president1 woman is after all a mystery4 ,it has been well said1 that woman is the great conundrum of the nineteenth century2 but if we can not guess her1 we will never give her up4 ,,tribute ,,to ,,herbert ,,spencer ,,by ,,william ,m4 ,,evarts ,gentlemen3--,we are here to-night1 to show the feeling of ,americans toward our distinguished guest4 ,as no room and no city can hold all his friends and admirers1 it was necessary that a company should be made up by some method out of the mass1 and what so good a method as that of natural selection and the inclusion1 within these walls1 of the ladies8 ,it is a little hard upon the rational instincts and experiences of man that we should take up the abstruse subjects of philosophy and of evolution1 of all the great topics that make up ,mr4 ,spencer's contribution to the learning and the wisdom of his time1 at this end of the dinner4 ,the most ancient nations1 even in their primitive condition1 saw the folly of this1 and when one wished either to be inspired with the thoughts of others or to be himself a diviner of the thoughts of others1 fasting was necessary1 and a people from whom ,i think a great many things might be learned for the good of the people of the present time1 have a maxim that will commend itself to your common-sense4 ,they say the continually stuffed body can not see secret things4 ,now1 from my personal knowledge of the men ,i see at these tables1 they are owners of continually stuffed bodies4 ,i have addrest them at public dinners1 on all topics and for all purposes1 and whatever sympathy they may have shown with the divers occasions which brought them together1 they come up to this notion of continually stuffed bodies4 ,in primitive times they had a custom which we only under the system of differentiation practise now at this dinner4 ,when men wished to possess themselves of the learning1 the wisdom1 the philosophy1 the courage1 the great traits of any person1 they immediately proceeded to eat him up as soon as he was dead1 having only this diversity in that early time that he should be either roasted or boiled according as he was fat or thin4 ,now out of that narrow compass1 see how by the process of differentiation and of multiplication of effects we have come to a dinner of a dozen courses and wines of as many varieties2 and that simple process of appropriating the virtue and the wisdom of the great man that was brought before the feast is now diversified into an analysis of all the men here under the cunning management of many speakers4 ,no doubt1 preserving as we do the identity of all these institutions it is often considered a great art1 or at least a great delight1 to roast our friends and put in hot water those against whom we have a grudge4 ,now1 ,mr4 ,spencer1 we are glad to meet you here4 ,we are glad to see you and we are glad to have you see us4 ,we are glad to see you1 for we recognize in the breadth of your knowledge1 such knowledge as is useful to your race1 a greater comprehension than any living man has presented to our generation4 ,we are glad to see you1 because in our judgment you have brought to the analysis and distribution of this vast knowledge a more penetrating intelligence and a more thorough insight than any living man has brought even to the minor topics of his special knowledge4 ,in theology1 in psychology1 in natural science1 in the knowledge of individual man and his exposition and in the knowledge of the world in the proper sense of society1 which makes up the world1 the world worth knowing1 the world worth speaking of1 the world worth planning for1 the world worth working for1 we acknowledge your labors as surpassing those of any of our kind4 ,you seem to us to carry away and maintain in the future the same measure of fame among others that we are told was given in the ,middle ,ages to ,albertus ,magnus1 the most learned man of those times1 whose comprehension of theology1 of psychology1 of natural history1 of politics1 of history1 and of learning1 comprehended more than any man since the classic time certainly2 and yet it was found of him that his knowledge was rather an accumulation1 and that he had added no new processes and no new wealth to the learning which he had achieved4 ,now1 ,i have said that we are glad to have you see us4 ,you have already treated us to a very unique piece of work in this reception1 and we are expecting perhaps that the world may be instructed after you are safely on the other side of the ,atlantic in a more intimate and thorough manner concerning our merits and our few faults4 ,this faculty of laying on a dissecting board an entire nation or an entire age and finding out all the arteries and veins and pulsations of their life is an extension beyond any that our own medical schools afford4 ,you give us that knowledge of man which is practical and useful1 and whatever the claims or the debates may be about your system or the system of those who agree with you1 and however it may be compared with other competing systems that have preceded it1 we must all agree that it is practical1 that it is benevolent1 that it is serious and that it is reverent2 that it aims at the highest results in virtue2 that it treats evil1 not as eternal1 but as evanescent1 and that it expects to arrive at what is sought through the aid of the millennium--that condition of affairs in which there is the highest morality and the greatest happiness4 ,and if we can come to that by these processes and these instructions1 it matters little to the race whether it be called scientific morality and mathematical freedom or by another less pretentious name4 ,you will please fill your glasses while we propose the health of our guest1 ,herbert ,spencer4 ,,the ,,empire ,,state#c ,,mr4 ,,chauncey ,m4 ,,depew ,mr4 ,president and ,gentlemen3--,it has been my lot from a time whence ,i can not remember to respond each year to this toast4 ,when ,i received the invitation from the committee1 its originality and ingenuity astonished and overwhelmed me4 ,but there is one thing the committee took into consideration when they invited me to this platform4 ,this is a ,presidential year1 and it becomes men not to trust themselves talking on dangerous topics4 ,the ,state of ,new ,york is eminently safe4 ,ever since the present able and distinguished ,governor has held his place ,i have been called upon by the ,new ,england ,society to respond for him4 ,it is probably due to that element in the ,new ,englander that he delights in provoking controversy4 ,the ,governor is a ,democrat1 and ,i am a ,republican4 ,whatever he believes in ,i detest2 whatever he admires ,i hate4 ,the manner in which this toast is received leads me to believe that in the ,new ,england ,society his administration is unanimously approved4 ,governor ,robinson1 if ,i understand correctly his views1 would rather that any other man should have been elected as ,chief ,magistrate than ,mr4 ,john ,kelly4 ,mr4 ,kelly1 if ,i interpret aright his public utterances1 would prefer any other man for the ,governor of ,new ,york than ,lucius ,robinson1 and therefore1 in one of the most heated controversies we have ever had1 we elected a ,governor by unanimous consent or assent in ,alonzo ,b4 ,cornell4 ,horace ,greeley once said to me1 as we were returning from a ,state convention where he had been a candidate1 but the delegates had failed to nominate the fittest man for the place3 ,i don't see why any man wants to be ,governor of the ,state of ,new ,york1 for there is no one living who can name the last ten ,governors on a moment's notice4 ,but tho there have been ,governors and ,governors1 there is1 when the gubernatorial office is mentioned1 one figure that strides down the centuries before all the rest2 that is the old ,dutch ,governor of ,new ,york1 with his wooden leg--,peter ,stuyvesant4 ,there have been heroines1 too1 who have aroused the poetry and eloquence of all times1 but none who have about them the substantial aroma of the ,dutch heroine1 ,anneke ,jans4 ,it is within the memory of men now living when the whole of ,american literature was dismissed with the sneer of the ,edinburgh ,review1 ,who reads an ,american book8 ,but out of the ,american wilderness a broad avenue to the highway which has been trod by the genius of all times in its march to fame was opened by ,washington ,irving1 and in his footsteps have followed the men who are read of all the world1 and who will receive the highest tributes in all times--,longfellow1 and ,whittier1 and ,hawthorne and ,prescott4 ,new ,york is not only imperial in all those material results which constitute and form the greatest commonwealth in this constellation of commonwealths1 but in our political system she has become the arbiter of our national destiny4 ,as goes ,new ,york so goes the ,union1 and her voice indicates that the next ,president will be a man with ,new ,england blood in his veins or a representative of ,new ,england ideas4 ,and for the gentleman who will not be elected ,i have a ,yankee story4 ,in the ,berkshire hills there was a funeral1 and as they gathered in the little parlor there came the typical ,new ,england female1 who mingles curiosity with her sympathy1 and as she glanced around the darkened room she said to the bereaved widow1 ,when did you get that new eight-day clock8 ,we ain't got no new eight-day clock1 was the reply4 ,you ain't8 ,what's that in the corner there8 ,why no1 that's not an eight-day clock1 that's the deceased2 we stood him on end1 to make room for the mourners4 ,up to within fifty years ago all roads in ,new ,england led to ,boston2 but within the last fifty years every byway and highway in ,new ,england leads to ,new ,york4 ,new ,york has become the capital of ,new ,england1 and within her limits are more ,yankees than in any three ,new ,england ,states combined4 ,the boy who is to-day ploughing the stony hillside in ,new ,england1 who is boarding around and teaching school1 and who is to be the future merchant-prince or great lawyer1 or wise statesman1 looks not now to ,boston1 but to ,new ,york1 as the ,el ,dorado of his hopes4 ,and how generously1 sons of ,new ,england1 have we treated you8 ,we have put you in the best offices2 we have made you our merchant-princes4 ,where is the city or village in our ,state where you do not own the best houses1 run the largest manufactories1 and control the principal industries8 ,we have several times made one of your number ,governor of the ,state1 and we have placed you in positions where you honor us while we honor you4 ,new ,york's choice in the ,national ,cabinet is the distinguished ,secretary of ,state1 whose pure ,yankee blood renders him none the less a most fit and most eminent representative of the ,empire ,state4 ,but while we have done our best to satisfy the ,yankee1 there is one thing we have never been able to do4 ,we can meet his ambition and fill his purse1 but we never can satisfy his stomach4 ,when the ,president stated to-night that ,plymouth ,rock celebrated this anniversary on the #bast1 whilst we here did so on the #bb;d1 he did not state the true reason4 ,it is not as he said1 a dispute about dates4 ,the pork and beans of ,plymouth are insufficient for the cravings of the ,yankee appetite1 and they chose the #bast1 in order that1 by the night train1 they may get to ,new ,york on the #bb;d1 to have once a year a square meal4 ,from #afbj down to the opening of ,new ,york to their settlement1 a constantly increasing void was growing inside the ,yankee diaphragm1 and even now the native and imported ,yankee finds the best-appointed restaurant in the world sufficient for his wants2 and he has migrated to this house1 that he may annually have the sensation of sufficiency in the largest hotel in the ,united ,states4 ,my friend1 ,mr4 ,curtis1 has eloquently stated1 in the beginning of his address1 the ,dutchman's idea of the old ,puritan4 ,he has stated1 at the close of his address1 the modern opinion of the old ,puritan4 ,he was an uncomfortable man to live with1 but two hundred years off a grand historic figure4 ,if any one of you1 gentlemen1 was compelled to leave this festive board1 and go back two hundred years and live with your ancestor of that day1 eat his fare1 drink his drink1 and listen to his talk1 what a time would be there1 my countrymen6 ,before the ,puritan was fitted to accomplish the work he did1 with all the great opportunities that were in him1 it was necessary that he should spend two years in ,leyden and learn from the ,dutch the important lesson of religious toleration1 and the other fundamental lesson1 that a common school education lies at the foundation of all civil and religious liberty4 ,if the ,dutchman had conquered ,boston1 it would have been a misfortune to this land1 and to the world4 ,it would have been like ,diedrich ,knickerbocker wrestling with an electric battery4 ,but when the ,yankee conquered ,new ,york1 his union with the ,dutch formed those sterling elements which have made the ,republic what it is4 ,yankee ideas prevailed in this land in the grandest contest in the ,senate of the ,united ,states which has ever taken place1 or ever will1 in the victory of ,nationalism over ,sectionalism by the ponderous eloquence of that great defender of the ,constitution1 ,daniel ,webster4 ,and when failing in the forum1 ,sectionalism took the field1 ,yankee ideas conquered again in that historic meeting when ,lee gave up his sword to ,grant4 ,and when1 in the disturbance of credit and industry which followed1 the twin heresies ,expansion and ,repudiation stalked abroad1 ,yankee ideas conquered again in the policy of our distinguished guest1 the ,secretary of the ,treasury4 ,so great a triumph has never been won by any financial officer of the government before1 as in the funding of our national debt at four per cent41 and the restoration of the national credit1 giving an impulse to our prosperity and industry that can neither be stayed nor stopt4 ,when ,henry ,hudson sailed up the great harbor of ,new ,york1 and saw with prophetic vision its magnificent opportunities1 he could only emphasize his thought1 with true ,dutch significance1 in one sentence--,see here6 ,when the ,yankee came and settled in ,new ,york1 he emphasized his coming with another sentence--,sit here6--and he sat down upon the ,dutchman with such force that he squeezed him out of his cabbage-patch1 and upon it he built his warehouse and his residence4 ,he found this city laid out in a beautiful labyrinth of cow-patches1 with the inhabitants and the houses all standing with their gable-ends to the street1 and he turned them all to the avenue1 and made ,new ,york a parallelogram of palaces2 and he has multiplied to such an extent that now he fills every nook of our great ,state1 and we recognize here to-night that1 with no tariff1 and free trade between ,new ,england and ,new ,york1 the native specimen is an improvement upon the imported article4 ,gentlemen1 ,i beg leave to say1 as a native ,new ,yorker of many generations1 that by the influence1 the hospitality1 the liberal spirit1 and the cosmopolitan influences of this great ,state1 from the unlovable ,puritan of two hundred years ago you have become the most agreeable and companionable of men4 ,new ,york to-day1 the ,empire ,state of all the great ,states of the ,commonwealth1 brings in through her grand avenue to the sea eighty per cent4 of all the imports1 and sends forth a majority of all the exports1 of the ,republic4 ,she collects and pays four-fifths of the taxes which carry on the government of the country4 ,in the close competition to secure the great ,western commerce which is to-day feeding the world and seeking an outlet along three thousand miles of coast1 she holds by her commercial prestige and enterprise more than all the ports from ,new ,orleans to ,portland combined4 ,let us1 whether native or adopted ,new ,yorkers1 be true to the past1 to the present1 to the future1 of this commercial and financial metropolis4 ,let us enlarge our terminal facilities and bring the rail and the steamship close together4 ,let us do away with the burdens that make ,new ,york the dearest1 and make her the cheapest1 port on the continent2 and let us impress our commercial ideas upon the national legislature1 so that the navigation laws1 which have driven the merchant marine of the ,republic from the seas1 shall be repealed1 and the breezes of every clime shall unfurl1 and the waves of every sea reflect1 the flag of the ,republic4 ,,footnote3 #c ,speech of ,chauncey ,m4 ,depew at the seventy-fourth anniversary banquet of the ,new ,england ,society in the ,city of ,new ,york1 ,december #bb1 #ahgi4 ,,men ,,of ,,letters ,,by ,,james ,,anthony ,,froude ,sir ,francis ,grant1 ,your ,royal ,highness1 ,my ,lords1 and ,gentlemen3--,while ,i feel most keenly the honor which you confer upon me in connecting my name with the interests of literature1 ,i am embarrassed1 in responding1 by the nature of my subject4 ,what is literature1 and who are men of letters8 ,from one point of view we are the most unprofitable of mankind--engaged mostly in blowing soap-bubbles4 ,from another point of view we are the most practical and energetic portion of the community4 ,if literature be the art of employing words skilfully in representing facts1 or thoughts1 or emotions1 you may see excellent specimens of it every day in the advertisements in our newspapers4 ,every man who uses a pen to convey his meaning to others--the man of science1 the man of business1 the member of a learned profession--belongs to the community of letters4 ,nay1 he need not use his pen at all4 ,the speeches of great orators are among the most treasured features of any national literature4 ,the orations of ,mr4 ,grattan are the text-books in the schools of rhetoric in the ,united ,states4 ,mr4 ,bright1 under this aspect of him1 holds a foremost place among the men of letters of ,england4 ,again1 sir1 every eminent man1 be he what he will1 be he as unbookish as he pleases1 so he is only eminent enough1 so he holds a conspicuous place in the eyes of his countrymen1 potentially belongs to us1 and if not in life1 then after he is gone1 will be enrolled among us4 ,the public insist on being admitted to his history1 and their curiosity will not go unsatisfied4 ,his letters are hunted up1 his journals are sifted2 his sayings in conversation1 the doggerel which he writes to his brothers and sisters are collected1 and stereotyped in print4 ,his fate overtakes him4 ,he can not escape from it4 ,we cry out1 but it does not appear that men sincerely resist the liberty which is taken with them4 ,we never hear of them instructing their executors to burn their papers4 ,they have enjoyed so much the exhibition that has been made of their contemporaries that they consent to be sacrificed themselves4 ,again1 sir1 when we look for those who have been most distinguished as men of letters1 in the usual sense of the word1 where do we find them8 ,the famous lawyer is found in his chambers1 the famous artist is found in his studio4 ,our foremost representatives we do not find always in their libraries2 we find them1 in the first place1 in the service of their country4 7,hear6 ,hear67 ,owen ,meredith is ,viceroy of ,india1 and all ,england has applauded the judgment that selected and sent him there4 ,the right honorable gentleman 7,mr4 ,gladstone7 who three years ago was conducting the administration of this country with such brilliant success was first generally known to his countrymen as a remarkable writer4 ,during forty years of arduous service he never wholly deserted his original calling4 ,he is employing an interval of temporary retirement to become the interpreter of ,homer to the ,english race1 or to break a lance with the most renowned theologians in defense of spiritual liberty4 ,a great author1 whose life we have been all lately reading with delight1 contemplates the year #cjjj as a period at which his works may still be studied4 ,if any man might be led reasonably to form such an anticipation for himself by the admiration of his contemporaries1 ,lord ,macaulay may be acquitted of vanity4 ,the year #cjjj is far away1 much will happen between now and then2 all that we can say with certainty of the year #cjjj is that it will be something extremely different from what any one expects4 ,i will not predict that men will then be reading ,lord ,macaulay's ,history of ,england4 ,i will not predict that they will then be reading ,lothair4 ,but this ,i will say1 that if any statesman of the age of ,augustus or the ,antonines had left us a picture of patrician society at ,rome1 drawn with the same skill1 and with the same delicate irony with which ,mr4 ,disraeli has described a part of ,english society in ,lothair1 no relic of antiquity would now be devoured with more avidity and interest4 ,thus1 sir1 we are an anomalous body1 with very ill-defined limits4 ,but1 such as we are1 we are heartily obliged to you for wishing us well1 and ,i give you our most sincere thanks4 ,,literature ,,and ,,politics ,,by ,,john ,,morley ,mr4 ,president1 ,your ,royal ,highness1 ,my ,lords1 ,ladies and ,gentlemen3--,i feel that ,i am more unworthy now than ,i was eight years ago to figure as the representative of literature before this brilliant gathering of all the most important intellectual and social interests of our time4 ,i have not yet been able like the ,prime ,minister1 to go round this exhibition and see the works of art that glorify your walls2 but ,i am led by him to expect that ,i shall see the pictures of ,liberal leaders1 including ,m4 ,rochefort4 ,i am not sure whether ,m4 ,rochefort will figure as a man of letters or as a ,liberal leader1 but ,i can understand that his portrait would attract the ,prime ,minister because ,m4 ,rochefort is a politician who was once a ,liberal leader1 and who has now seen occasion to lose his faith in ,parliamentary government4 ,nor have ,i seen the picture of ,the ,flowing ,tide1 but ,i shall expect to find in that picture when ,i do see it a number of bathing-machines in which1 not the younger generation1 but the elder generation1 as ,i understand are waiting confidently--for the arrival of the ,flowing ,tide1 and when it arrives1 the elderly gentlemen who are incarcerated in those machines will be only too anxious for a man and a horse to come and deliver them from their imminent peril4 ,i thought that ,i detected in the last words of your speech1 in proposing this toast1 ,mr4 ,president1 an accent of gentle reproach that any one should desert the high and pleasant ways of literature for the turmoil and the everlasting contention of public life4 ,i do not suppose that there has ever been a time in which there was less of divorce between literature and public life than the present time4 ,there have been in the reign of the ,queen two eminent statesmen who have thrice had the distinction of being ,prime ,minister1 and oddly enough1 one of those statesman 7,lord ,derby7 has left behind him a most spirited version of ,homer1 while the other eminent statesman 7,william ,e4 ,gladstone7--happily still among us1 still examines the legends and the significance of ,homer4 ,then when we come to a period nearer to ourselves1 and look at those gentlemen who have in the last six years filled the office of ,minister for ,ireland1 we find that no fewer than three 7,george ,otto ,trevelyan1 ,john ,morley1 and ,arthur ,balfour7 were authors of books before they engaged in the very ticklish business of the government of men4 ,and one of these three ,ministers for ,ireland embarked upon his literary career--which promised ample distinction--under the editorial auspices of another of the three4 ,we possess in one branch of the ,legislature the author of the most fascinating literary biography in our language4 ,we possess also another writer whose range of knowledge and of intellectual interest is so great that he has written the most important book upon the ,american ,commonwealth 7,james ,bryce74 ,the first canon in literature was announced one hundred years ago by an eminent ,frenchman who said that in literature it is your business to have preferences but no exclusions4 ,in politics it appears to be our business to have very stiff and unchangeable preferences1 and exclusion is one of the systematic objects of our life4 ,in literature1 according to another canon1 you must have a free and open mind and it has been said3 ,never be the prisoner of your own opinions4 ,in politics you are very lucky if you do not have the still harder fate--7and ,i think that the gentlemen on the ,president's right hand will assent to that as readily as the gentlemen who sit on his left7 of being the prisoner of other people's opinions4 ,of course no one can doubt for a moment that the great achievements of literature--those permanent and vital works which we will never let die--require a devotion as unceasing1 as patient1 as inexhaustible1 as the devotion that is required for the works that adorn your walls2 and we have luckily in our age--tho it may not be a literary age--masters of prose and masters of verse4 ,no prose more winning has ever been written than that of ,cardinal ,newman2 no verse finer1 more polished1 more melodious has ever been written than that of ,lord ,tennyson and ,mr4 ,swinburne4 ,it seems to me that one of the greatest functions of literature at this moment is not merely to produce great works1 but also to protect the ,english language--that noble1 that most glorious instrument--against those hosts of invaders which ,i observe have in these days sprung up4 ,i suppose that every one here has noticed the extraordinary list of names suggested lately in order to designate motion by electricity2 that list of names only revealed what many of us had been observing for a long time--namely1 the appalling forces that are ready at a moment's notice to deface and deform our ,english tongue4 ,these strange1 fantastic1 grotesque1 and weird titles open up to my prophetic vision a most unwelcome prospect4 ,i tremble to see the day approach--and ,i am not sure that it is not approaching--when the humorists of the headlines of ,american journalism shall pass current as models of conciseness1 energy1 and color of style4 ,even in our social speech this invasion seems to be taking place in an alarming degree1 and ,i wonder what the ,pilgrim ,fathers of the seventeenth century would say if they could hear their pilgrim children of the nineteenth century who come over here1 on various missions1 and among others1 ,on the make4 ,this is only one of the thousand such-like expressions which are invading the ,puritan simplicity of our tongue4 ,i will only say that ,i should like1 for my own part1 to see in every library and in every newspaper office that admirable passage in which ,milton--who knew so well how to handle both the great instrument of prose and the nobler instrument of verse--declared that next to the man who furnished courage and intrepid counsels against an enemy he placed the man who should enlist small bands of good authors to resist that barbarism which invades the minds and the speech of men in methods and habits of speaking and writing4 ,i thank you for having allowed me the honor of saying a word as to the happiest of all callings and the most imperishable of all arts4 ,,general ,,sherman ,,by ,,carl ,,schurz ,gentlemen3--,the adoption by the ,chamber of ,commerce of these resolutions which ,i have the honor to second1 is no mere perfunctory proceeding4 ,we have been called here by a genuine impulse of the heart4 ,to us ,general ,sherman was not a great man like other great men1 honored and revered at a distance4 ,we had the proud and happy privilege of calling him one of us4 ,only a few months ago1 at the annual meeting of this ,chamber1 we saw the familiar face of our honorary member on this platform by the side of our ,president4 ,only a few weeks ago he sat at our banquet table1 as he had often before1 in the happiest mood of conviviality1 and contributed to the enjoyment of the night with his always unassuming and always charming speech4 ,and as he moved among us without the slightest pomp of self-conscious historic dignity1 only with the warm and simple geniality of his nature1 it would cost us sometimes an effort of the memory to recollect that he was the renowned captain who had marshaled mighty armies victoriously on many a battlefield1 and whose name stood1 and will forever stand1 in the very foremost rank of the saviors of this ,republic1 and of the great soldiers of the world's history4 ,indeed1 no ,american could have forgotten this for a moment2 but the affection of those who were so happy as to come near to him1 would sometimes struggle to outrun their veneration and gratitude4 ,death has at last conquered the hero of so many campaigns2 our cities and towns and villages are decked with flags at half-mast2 the muffled drum and the funeral cannon boom will resound over the land as his dead body passes to the final resting-place2 and the ,american people stand mournfully gazing into the void left by the sudden disappearance of the last of the greatest men brought forth by our war of regeneration--and this last also finally become1 save ,abraham ,lincoln alone1 the most widely beloved4 ,he is gone2 but as we of the present generation remember it1 history will tell all coming centuries the romantic story of the famous ,march to the ,sea--how1 in the dark days of #ahfd1 ,sherman1 having worked his bloody way to ,atlanta1 then cast off all his lines of supply and communication1 and1 like a bold diver into the dark unknown1 seemed to vanish with all his hosts from the eyes of the world1 until his triumphant reappearance on the shores of the ocean proclaimed to the anxiously expecting millions1 that now the final victory was no longer doubtful1 and that the ,republic would surely be saved4 ,nor will history fail to record that this great general was1 as a victorious soldier1 a model of republican citizenship4 ,when he had done his illustrious deeds1 he rose step by step to the highest rank in the army1 and then1 grown old1 he retired4 ,the ,republic made provision for him in modest republican style4 ,he was satisfied4 ,he asked for no higher reward4 ,altho the splendor of his achievements1 and the personal affection for him1 which every one of his soldiers carried home1 made him the most popular ,american of his day1 and altho the most glittering prizes were not seldom held up before his eyes1 he remained untroubled by ulterior ambition4 ,no thought that the ,republic owed him more ever darkened his mind4 ,no man could have spoken to him of the ingratitude of ,republics1 without meeting from him a stern rebuke4 ,and so1 content with the consciousness of a great duty nobly done1 he was happy in the love of his fellow citizens4 ,indeed1 he may truly be said to have been in his old age1 not only the most beloved1 but also the happiest of ,americans4 ,many years he lived in the midst of posterity4 ,his task was finished1 and this he wisely understood4 ,his deeds had been passed upon by the judgment of history1 and irrevocably registered among the glories of his country and his age4 ,his generous heart envied no one1 and wished every one well2 and ill-will had long ceased to pursue him4 ,beyond cavil his fame was secure1 and he enjoyed it as that which he had honestly earned1 with a genuine and ever fresh delight1 openly avowed by the charming frankness of his nature4 ,he dearly loved to be esteemed and cherished by his fellow men1 and what he valued most1 his waning years brought him in ever increasing abundance4 ,thus he was in truth a most happy man1 and his days went down like an evening sun in a cloudless autumn sky4 ,and when now the ,american people1 with that peculiar tenderness of affection which they have long borne him1 lay him in his grave1 the happy ending of his great life may soothe the pang of bereavement they feel in their hearts at the loss of the old hero who was so dear to them1 and of whom they were and always will be so proud4 ,his memory will ever be bright to us all2 his truest monument will be the greatness of the ,republic he served so well2 and his fame will never cease to be prized by a grateful country1 as one of its most precious possessions4 ,,oration ,,over ,,alexander ,,hamilton#d ,,by ,,gouverneur ,,morris ,my ,friends3--,if on this sad1 this solemn occasion1 ,i should endeavor to move your commiseration1 it would be doing injustice to that sensibility which has been so generally and so justly manifested4 ,far from attempting to excite your emotions1 ,i must try to repress my own2 and yet1 ,i fear1 that instead of the language of a public speaker1 you will hear only the lamentations of a wailing friend4 ,but ,i will struggle with my bursting heart1 to portray that heroic spirit1 which has flown to the mansions of bliss4 ,students of ,columbia--he was in the ardent pursuit of knowledge in your academic shades when the first sound of the ,american war called him to the field4 ,a young and unprotected volunteer1 such was his zeal1 and so brilliant his service1 that we heard his name before we knew his person4 ,it seemed as if ,god had called him suddenly into existence1 that he might assist to save a world6 ,the penetrating eye of ,washington soon perceived the manly spirit which animated his youthful bosom4 ,by that excellent judge of men he was selected as an aid1 and thus he became early acquainted with1 and was a principal actor in the more important scenes of our revolution4 ,at the siege of ,york he pertinaciously insisted on1 and he obtained the command of a ,forlorn ,hope4 ,he stormed the redoubt2 but let it be recorded that not one single man of the enemy perished4 ,his gallant troops1 emulating the heroism of their chief checked the uplifted arm1 and spared a foe no longer resisting4 ,here closed his military career4 ,shortly after the war1 your favor--no1 your discernment1 called him to public office4 ,you sent him to the convention at ,philadelphia2 he there assisted in forming the constitution which is now the bond of our union1 the shield of our defense1 and the source of our prosperity4 ,in signing the compact1 he exprest his apprehension that it did not contain sufficient means of strength for its own preservation2 and that in consequence we should share the fate of many other republics1 and pass through anarchy to despotism4 ,we hoped better things4 ,we confided in the good sense of the ,american people2 and1 above all1 we trusted in the protecting providence of the ,almighty4 ,on this important subject he never concealed his opinion4 ,he disdained concealment4 ,knowing the purity of his heart1 he bore it as it were in his hand1 exposing to every passenger its inmost recesses4 ,this generous indiscretion subjected him to censure from misrepresentation4 ,his speculative opinions were treated as deliberate designs2 and yet you all know how strenuous1 how unremitting were his efforts to establish and to preserve the constitution4 ,if1 then1 his opinion was wrong1 pardon1 ,o pardon1 that single error1 in a life devoted to your service4 ,at the time when our ,government was organized1 we were without funds1 tho not without resources4 ,to call them into action1 and establish order in the finances1 ,washington sought for splendid talents1 for extensive information1 and above all1 he sought for sterling1 incorruptible integrity4 ,all these he found in ,hamilton4 ,the system then adopted1 has been the subject of much animadversion4 ,if it be not without a fault1 let it be remembered that nothing human is perfect4 ,recollect the circumstances of the moment--recollect the conflict of opinion--and1 above all1 remember that a minister of a republic must bend to the will of the people4 ,the administration which ,washington formed was one of the most efficient1 one of the best that any country was ever blessed with4 ,and the result was a rapid advance in power and prosperity of which there is no example in any other age or nation4 ,the part which ,hamilton bore is universally known4 ,his unsuspecting confidence in professions1 which he believed to be sincere1 led him to trust too much to the undeserving4 ,this exposed him to misrepresentation4 ,he felt himself obliged to resign4 ,the care of a rising family1 and the narrowness of his fortune1 made it a duty to return to his profession for their support4 ,but tho he was compelled to abandon public life1 never1 no1 never for a moment did he abandon the public service4 ,he never lost sight of your interests4 ,i declare to you1 before that ,god in whose presence we are now especially assembled1 that in his most private and confidential conversations1 the single objects of discussion and consideration were your freedom and happiness4 ,you well remember the state of things which again called forth ,washington from his retreat to lead your armies4 ,you know that he asked for ,hamilton to be his second in command4 ,that venerable sage knew well the dangerous incidents of a military profession1 and he felt the hand of time pinching life at its source4 ,it was probable that he would soon be removed from the scene1 and that his second would succeed to the command4 ,he knew by experience the importance of that place--and he thought the sword of ,america might safely be confided to the hand which now lies cold in that coffin4 ,oh6 my fellow citizens1 remember this solemn testimonial that he was not ambitious4 ,yet he was charged with ambition1 and1 wounded by the imputation1 when he laid down his command he declared in the proud independence of his soul1 that he never would accept any office1 unless in a foreign war he should be called on to expose his life in defense of his country4 ,this determination was immovable4 ,it was his fault that his opinions and his resolutions could not be changed4 ,knowing his own firm purpose1 he was indignant at the charge that he sought for place or power4 ,he was ambitious only for glory1 but he was deeply solicitous for you4 ,for himself he feared nothing2 but he feared that bad men might1 by false professions1 acquire your confidence1 and abuse it to your ruin4 ,brethren of the ,cincinnati--there lies our chief6 ,let him still be our model4 ,like him1 after long and faithful public services1 let us cheerfully perform the social duties of private life4 ,oh6 he was mild and gentle4 ,in him there was no offense2 no guile4 ,his generous hand and heart were open to all4 ,gentlemen of the bar--you have lost your brightest ornament4 ,cherish and imitate his example4 ,while1 like him1 with justifiable and laudable zeal1 you pursue the interests of your clients1 remember1 like him1 the eternal principle of justice4 ,fellow citizens--you have long witnessed his professional conduct1 and felt his unrivaled eloquence4 ,you know how well he performed the duties of a citizen--you know that he never courted your favor by adulation or the sacrifice of his own judgment4 ,you have seen him contending against you1 and saving your dearest interests1 as it were1 in spite of yourselves4 ,and you now feel and enjoy the benefits resulting from the firm energy of his conduct4 ,bear this testimony to the memory of my departed friend4 ,i charge you to protect his fame4 ,it is all he has left--all that these poor orphan children will inherit from their father4 ,but1 my countrymen1 that fame may be a rich treasure to you also4 ,let it be the test by which to examine those who solicit your favor4 ,disregarding professions1 view their conduct1 and on a doubtful occasion ask1 ,would ,hamilton have done this thing8 ,you all know how he perished4 ,on this last scene ,i can not1 ,i must not dwell4 ,it might excite emotions too strong for your better judgment4 ,suffer not your indignation to lead to any act which might again offend the insulted majesty of the laws4 ,on his part1 as from his lips1 tho with my voice--for his voice you will hear no more--let me entreat you to respect yourselves4 ,and now1 ye ministers of the everlasting ,god1 perform your holy office1 and commit these ashes of our departed brother to the bosom of the grave4 ,,footnote3 #d ,funeral oration by ,gouverneur ,morris1 statesman and man of affairs1 pronounced before the porch of ,trinity ,church1 ,new ,york ,city1 over the body of ,alexander ,hamilton1 just prior to the interment1 ,july #ad1 #ahjd4 ,,eulogy ,,of ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y ,,by ,,grover ,,cleveland ,to-day the grave closes over the dead body of the man but lately chosen by the people of the ,united ,states from among their number to represent their nationality1 preserve1 protect and defend their ,constitution1 to faithfully execute the laws ordained for their welfare1 and safely to hold and keep the honor and integrity of the ,republic4 ,his time of service is ended1 not by the expiration of time1 but by the tragedy of assassination4 ,he has passed from public sight1 not joyously bearing the garlands and wreaths of his countrymen's approving acclaim1 but amid the sobs and tears of a mourning nation4 ,he has gone to his home1 not the habitation of earthly peace and quiet1 bright with domestic comfort and joy1 but to the dark and narrow house appointed for all the sons of men1 there to rest until the morning light of the resurrection shall gleam in the ,east4 ,all our people loved their dead president4 ,his kindly nature and lovable traits of character and his amiable consideration for all about him will long be in the minds and hearts of his countrymen4 ,he loved them in return with such patriotism and unselfishness that in the hour of their grief and humiliation he would say to them3 ,it is ,god's will2 ,i am content4 ,if there is a lesson in my life or death1 let it be taught to those who still live and have the destiny of their country in their keeping4 ,let us1 then1 as our dead is buried out of our sight1 seek for the lessons and the admonitions that may be suggested by the life and death which constitute our theme4 ,first in my thoughts are the lessons to be learned from the career of ,william ,mc,kinley by the young men who make up the student body of our university4 ,these lessons are not obscure or difficult4 ,they teach the value of study and mental training1 but they teach more impressively that the road to usefulness and to the only success worth having1 will be missed or lost except it is sought and kept by the light of those qualities of heart1 which it is sometimes supposed may safely be neglected or subordinated in university surroundings4 ,this is a great mistake4 ,study and study hard1 but never let the thought enter your mind that study alone or the greatest possible accumulation of learning alone will lead you to the heights of usefulness and success4 ,the man who is universally mourned to-day achieved the highest distinction which his great country can confer on any man1 and he lived a useful life4 ,he was not deficient in education1 but with all you will hear of his grand career1 and of his services to his country and his fellow citizens1 you will not hear that either the high place he reached or what he accomplished was due entirely to his education4 ,you will instead constantly hear as accounting for his great success that he was obedient and affectionate as a son1 patriotic and faithful as a soldier1 honest and upright as a citizen1 tender and devoted as a husband1 and truthful1 generous1 unselfish1 moral and clean in every relation of life4 ,he never thought any of these things too weak for manliness4 ,make no mistake4 ,here was a most distinguished man1 a great man1 a useful man--who became distinguished1 great and useful1 because he had1 and retained unimpaired1 the qualities of heart which ,i fear university students sometimes feel like keeping in the background or abandoning4 ,there is a most serious lesson for all of us in the tragedy of our late president's death4 ,the shock of it is so great that it is hard at this time to read this lesson calmly4 ,we can hardly fail to see1 however1 behind the bloody deed of the assassin1 horrible figures and faces from which it will not do to turn away4 ,if we are to escape further attack upon our peace and security1 we must boldly and resolutely grapple with the monster of anarchy4 ,it is not a thing that we can safely leave to be dealt with by party or partizanship4 ,nothing can guarantee us against its menace except the teaching and the practise of the best citizenship1 the exposure of the ends and aims of the gospel of discontent and hatred of social order1 and the brave enactment and execution of repressive laws4 ,our universities and colleges can not refuse to join in the battle against the tendencies of anarchy4 ,their help in discovering and warning against the relationship between the vicious councils and deeds of blood1 and their unsteadying influence upon the elements of unrest1 can not fail to be of inestimable value4 ,by the memory of our murdered president1 let us resolve to cultivate and preserve the qualities that made him great and useful2 and let us determine to meet the call of patriotic duty in every time of our country's danger or need4 ,,decoration ,,day#e ,,by ,,thomas ,w4 ,,higginson ,friends3--,we meet to-day for a purpose that has the dignity and the tenderness of funeral rites without their sadness4 ,it is not a new bereavement1 but one which has softened1 that brings us here4 ,we meet not around a newly opened grave1 but among those which ,nature has already decorated with the memorials of her love4 ,above every tomb her daily sunshine has smiled1 her tears have wept2 over the humblest she has bidden some grasses nestle1 some vines creep1 and the butterfly1--ancient emblem of immortality--waves his little wings above every sod4 ,to ,nature's signs of tenderness we add our own4 ,not ashes to ashes1 dust to dust1 but blossoms to blossoms1 laurels to the laureled4 ,the great ,civil ,war has passed by--its great armies were disbanded1 their tents struck1 their camp-fires put out1 their muster-rolls laid away4 ,but there is another army whose numbers no ,presidential proclamation could reduce1 no general orders disband4 ,this is their camping-ground--these white stones are their tents--this list of names we bear is their muster-roll--their camp-fires yet burn in our hearts4 ,i remember this ,sweet ,auburn when no sacred associations made it sweeter1 and when its trees looked down on no funerals but those of the bird and the bee4 ,time has enriched its memories since those days4 ,and especially during our great war1 as the ,nation seemed to grow impoverished in men1 these hills grow richer in associations1 until their multiplying wealth took in that heroic boy who fell in almost the last battle of the war4 ,now that roll of honor has closed1 and the work of commemoration begun4 ,without distinction of nationality1 of race1 of religion1 they gave their lives to their country4 ,without distinction of religion1 of race1 of nationality1 we garland their graves to-day4 ,the young ,roman ,catholic convert who died exclaiming ,mary6 pardon6 and the young ,protestant theological student1 whose favorite place of study was this cemetery1 and who asked only that no words of praise might be engraven on his stone--these bore alike the cross in their lifetime1 and shall bear it alike in flowers to-day4 ,they gave their lives that we might remain one ,nation1 and the ,nation holds their memory alike in its arms4 ,and so the little distinctions of rank that separated us in the service are nothing here4 ,death has given the same brevet to all4 ,the brilliant young cavalry general who rode into his last action1 with stars on his shoulders and his death-wound on his breast1 is to us no more precious than that sergeant of sharpshooters who followed the line unarmed at ,antietam1 waiting to take the rifle of some one who should die1 because his own had been stolen2 or that private who did the same thing in the same battle1 leaving the hospital service to which he had been assigned4 ,nature has been equally tender to the graves of all1 and our love knows no distinction4 ,what a wonderful embalmer is death6 ,we who survive grow daily older4 ,since the war closed the youngest has gained some new wrinkle1 the oldest some added gray hair4 ,a few years more and only a few tattering figures shall represent the marching files of the ,grand ,army2 a year or two beyond that1 and there shall flutter by the window the last empty sleeve4 ,but these who are here are embalmed forever in our imaginations2 they will not change2 they never will seem to us less young1 less fresh1 less daring1 than when they sallied to their last battle4 ,they will always have the dew of their youth2 it is we alone who shall grow old4 ,and1 again1 what a wonderful purifier is death6 ,these who fell beside us varied in character2 like other men1 they had their strength and their weaknesses1 their merits and their faults4 ,yet now all stains seem washed away2 their life ceased at its climax1 and the ending sanctioned all that went before4 ,they died for their country2 that is their record4 ,they found their way to heaven equally short1 it seems to us1 from every battle-field1 and with equal readiness our love seeks them to-day4 ,what is a victory like8 said a lady to the ,duke of ,wellington4 ,the greatest tragedy in the world1 madam1 except a defeat4 ,even our great war would be but a tragedy were it not for the warm feeling of brotherhood it has left behind it1 based on the hidden emotions of days like these4 ,the war has given peace to the nation2 it has given union1 freedom1 equal rights2 and in addition to that1 it has given to you and me the sacred sympathy of these graves4 ,no matter what it has cost us individually--health or worldly fortunes--it is our reward that we can stand to-day among these graves and yet not blush that we survive4 ,the great ,french soldier1 de ,latour d',auvergne1 was the hero of many battles1 but remained by his own choice in the ranks4 ,napoleon gave him a sword and the official title ,the ,first ,grenadier of ,france4 ,when he was killed1 the ,emperor ordered that his heart should be intrusted to the keeping of his regiment--that his name should be called at every roll-call1 and that his next comrade should make answer1 ,dead upon the field of honor4 ,in our memories are the names of many heroes2 we treasure all their hearts in this consecrated ground1 and when the name of each is called1 we answer in flowers1 ,dead upon the field of honor4 ,,footnote3 #e ,delivered at ,mount ,auburn ,cemetery1 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,decoration ,day1 ,may #cj1 #ahgj4 ,,faith ,,in ,,mankind#f ,,by ,,arthur ,t4 ,,hadley ,in order to accomplish anything great1 a man must have two sides to his greatness3 a personal side and a social side4 ,he must be upright himself1 and he must believe in the good intentions and possibilities of others about him4 ,the scholars and scientific men of the country have sometimes been reproached with a certain indifference to the feelings and sentiments of their fellow men4 ,it has been said that their critical faculty is developed more strongly than their constructive instinct2 that their brain has been nourished at the expense of their heart2 that what they have gained in breadth of vision has been outweighed by a loss of human sympathy4 ,it is for you to prove the falseness of this charge4 ,it is for you to show by your life and utterances that you believe in the men who are working with you and about you4 ,there will probably be times when this is a hard task4 ,if you have studied history or literature or science aright1 some things which look large to other people will look small to you4 ,you will frequently be called upon to give the unwelcome advice that a desired end can not be reached by a short cut2 and this may cause some of your enthusiastic friends to lose confidence in your leadership4 ,there are always times when a man who is clear-headed is reproached with being hard-hearted4 ,but if you yourselves keep your faith in your fellow men1 these things1 tho they be momentary hindrances1 will in the long run make for your power of ,christian leadership4 ,there was a time1 not so very long ago1 when the people distrusted the guidance of scientific men in things material4 ,they believed that they could do their business best without advice of the theorists4 ,when it came to the conduct of business1 scientific men and practical men eyed each other with mutual distrust4 ,as long as the scientific men remained mere critics this distrust remained4 ,when they came to take up the practical problems of applied mechanics and physics and solve them positively in a large way1 they became the trusted leaders of modern material development4 ,it is for you to deal with the profounder problems of human life in the same way4 ,it is for you to prove your right to take the lead in the political and social and spiritual development of the country1 as well as in its mechanical and material development4 ,to do this you must take hold of these social problems with the same positive faith with which your fathers took hold of the problems of applied science4 ,to the man who believes in his fellow men1 who has faith in his country1 and in whom the love of ,god whom he hath not seen is but an outgrowth of a love for his fellow men whom he hath seen1 the opening years of the twentieth century are years of unrivaled promise4 ,we already know that a man can learn to love ,god by loving his fellow men4 ,equally true we shall find it that a man learns to believe in ,god by believing in his fellow men4 ,,footnote3 #f ,the concluding part of a baccalaureate address to the graduating class of ,yale ,university1 ,june #bg1 #aiji4 ,,washington ,,and ,,lincoln#g ,,by ,,martin ,w4 ,,littleton ,the strongest thing about the character of the two greatest men in ,american history is the fact that they did not surrender to the passion of the time4 ,washington withstood the ,french radicalism of ,jefferson and the ,british conservatism of ,hamilton4 ,he invited each of them into his cabinet2 he refused to allow either of them to dictate his policy4 ,his enemies could not terrify him by assault2 his friends could not deceive him with flattery4 ,in this respect he resembled in marked degree the splendid character of ,lincoln4 ,the single light that led ,lincoln's feet along the hard highway of life was justice2 the single thought that throbbed his brain to sleep at night was justice2 the single prayer that put in whispered words the might and meaning of his soul was justice2 the single impulse that lingered in a heart already wrung by a nation's grief was justice2 in every word that fell from him in touching speech there was the sad and sober spirit of justice4 ,he sat upon the storm when the nation shook with passion4 ,treason1 wrong1 injustice1 crime1 graft1 a thousand wrongs in system and in single added to the burden of this melancholy spirit4 ,silently1 as the soul of the just makes war on sin2 silently1 as the spirit of the mighty withstands the spite of wrong2 silently1 as the heart of the truly brave resists the assault of the coward1 this prince of patience and peace endured the calumny of the country he died to save4 ,lincoln blazed the way from the cabin to the crown2 working away in the silence of the woods1 he heard the murmur of a storm2 toiling in the forest of flashing leaf and armored oak1 he heard ,lexington calling unto ,sumter1 ,valley ,forge crying unto ,gettysburg1 and ,yorktown shouting unto ,appomattox4 ,lingering before the dying fires in a humble hut1 he saw with sorrowful heart the blazing camps of ,virginia1 and felt the awful stillness of slumbering armies4 ,beneath it all he saw the strained muscles of the slave1 the broken spirit of the serf1 the bondage of immortal souls2 and beyond it all1 looking through the tears that broke from a breaking heart1 he saw the widow by the empty chair1 the aged father's fruitless vigil at the gate1 the daughter's dreary watch beside the door1 and the son's solemn step from boyhood to old age4 ,and behind this picture he saw the lonely family altar upon which was offered the incense of tears coming from millions of broken hearts2 and looking still beyond he saw the battle-fields where silent slabs told of the death of those who died in deathless valor4 ,he saw the desolated earth1 where golden grain no more broke from the rich1 resourceful soil1 where the bannered wheat no longer rose from the productive earth2 he saw the ,south with its smoking chimneys1 its deserted hearthstones1 its maimed and wounded trudging with bowed heads and bent forms back to their homes1 there to want and to waste and to struggle and to build up again2 he saw the ,north recover itself from the awful shock of arms and start anew to unite the arteries of commerce that had been cut by the cruel sword of war4 ,and with this gentle hand1 and as a last act of his sacrificial life1 he dashed the awful cup of brother's blood from the lustful lip of war and shattered the cannons' roar into nameless notes of song4 ,then turn to the vision of ,washington leaving a plantation of peace and plenty to suffer on the blood-stained battle-field1 surrendering the dominion over the princely domain of a ,virginia gentleman to accept the privations of an unequal war--the vision of patriotism over against the vision of greed4 ,oh1 my friends1 we must live so that the spirit of these men shall settle all about our lives and deeds2 so that the patriotism of their service shall burn as a fire in the hearts of all who shall follow them4 ,the ,constitution which came from one1 the universal liberty which came from the other1 must be set in our hearts as institutions in the blood of our race1 so that this ,government shall not perish until every drop of that blood has been shed in its defense2 and we shall behold the flag of our country as the beautiful emblem of their unselfish lives1 whose red ran out of a soldier's heart1 whose white was bleached by a nation's tears1 whose stars were hung there to sing together until the eternal morning when all the world shall be free4 ,,footnote3 #g ,extract from an address on the occasion of the celebration of ,washington's ,birthday by the ,ellicott ,club of ,buffalo1 ,new ,york1 ,february #bb1 #aijf4 ,,characteristics ,,of ,,washington#h ,,by ,,william ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y ,fellow ,citizens3--,there is a peculiar and tender sentiment connected with this memorial4 ,it expresses not only the gratitude and reverence of the living1 but is a testimonial of affection and homage from the dead4 ,the comrades of ,washington projected this monument4 ,their love inspired it4 ,their contributions helped to build it4 ,past and present share in its completion1 and future generations will profit by its lessons4 ,to participate in the dedication of such a monument is a rare and precious privilege4 ,every monument to ,washington is a tribute to patriotism4 ,every shaft and statue to his memory helps to inculcate love of country1 encourage loyalty and establish a better citizenship4 ,god bless every undertaking which revives patriotism and rebukes the indifferent and lawless6 ,a critical study of ,washington's career only enhances our estimation of his vast and varied abilities4 ,as ,commander-in-chief of the ,colonial armies from the beginning of the war to the proclamation of peace1 as president of the convention which framed the ,constitution of the ,united ,states1 and as the first ,president of the ,united ,states under that ,constitution1 ,washington has a distinction differing from that of all other illustrious ,americans4 ,no other name bears or can bear such a relation to the ,government4 ,not only by his military genius--his patience1 his sagacity1 his courage1 and his skill--was our national independence won1 but he helped in largest measure to draft the chart by which the ,nation was guided2 and he was the first chosen by the people to put in motion the new ,government4 ,his was not the boldness of martial display or the charm of captivating oratory1 but his calm and steady judgment won men's support and commanded their confidence by appealing to their best and noblest aspirations4 ,and withal ,washington was ever so modest that at no time in his career did his personality seem in the least intrusive4 ,he was above the temptation of power4 ,he spurned any suggested crown4 ,he would have no honor which the people did not bestow4 ,an interesting fact--and one which ,i love to recall--is that the only time ,washington formally addrest the ,constitutional ,convention during all its sessions over which he presided in this city1 he appealed for a larger representation of the people in the ,national ,house of ,representatives1 and his appeal was instantly heeded4 ,thus was he ever keenly watchful of the rights of the people in whose hands was the destiny of our ,government then as now4 ,masterful as were his military campaigns1 his civil administration commands equal admiration4 ,his foresight was marvelous2 his conception of the philosophy of government1 his insistence upon the necessity of education1 morality1 and enlightened citizenship to the progress and permanence of the ,republic1 can not be contemplated even at this period without filling us with astonishment at the breadth of his comprehension and the sweep of his vision4 ,his was no narrow view of government4 ,the immediate present was not his sole concern1 but our future good his constant theme of study4 ,he blazed the path of liberty4 ,he laid the foundation upon which we have grown from weak and scattered ,colonial governments to a united ,republic whose domains and power as well as whose liberty and freedom have become the admiration of the world4 ,distance and time have not detracted from the fame and force of his achievements or diminished the grandeur of his life and work4 ,great deeds do not stop in their growth1 and those of ,washington will expand in influence in all the centuries to follow4 ,the bequest ,washington has made to civilization is rich beyond computation4 ,the obligations under which he has placed mankind are sacred and commanding4 ,the responsibility he has left for the ,american people to preserve and perfect what he accomplished is exacting and solemn4 ,let us rejoice in every new evidence that the people realize what they enjoy and cherish with affection the illustrious heroes of ,revolutionary story whose valor and sacrifices made us a nation4 ,they live in us1 and their memory will help us keep the covenant entered into for the maintenance of the freest ,government of the earth4 ,the ,nation and the name of ,washington are inseparable4 ,one is linked indissolubly with the other4 ,both are glorious1 both triumphant4 ,washington lives and will live because what he did was for the exaltation of man1 the enthronement of conscience1 and the establishment of a ,government which recognizes all the governed4 ,and so1 too1 will the ,nation live victorious over all obstacles1 adhering to the immortal principles which ,washington taught and ,lincoln sustained4 ,,footnote3 #h ,address by ,william ,mc,kinley1 twenty-fourth ,president of the ,united ,states1 delivered at the unveiling of the ,washington ,statue1 by the ,society of ,cincinnati1 in ,philadelphia1 ,may #ae1 #ahig4 ,,let ,,france ,,be ,,free6#i ,,by ,,george ,,jacques ,,danton ,the general considerations that have been presented to you are true2 but at this moment it is less necessary to examine the causes of the disasters that have struck us than to apply their remedy rapidly4 ,when the edifice is on fire1 ,i do not join the rascals who would steal the furniture1 ,i extinguish the flames4 ,i tell you therefore you should be convinced by the despatches of ,dumouriez that you have not a moment to spare in saving the ,republic4 ,dumouriez conceived a plan which did honor to his genius4 ,i would render him greater justice and praise than ,i did recently4 ,but three months ago he announced to the executive power1 your ,general ,committee of ,defense1 that if we were not audacious enough to invade ,holland in the middle of winter1 to declare instantly against ,england the war which actually we had long been making1 that we would double the difficulties of our campaign1 in giving our enemies the time to deploy their forces4 ,since we failed to recognize this stroke of his genius we must now repair our faults4 ,dumouriez is not discouraged2 he is in the middle of ,holland1 where he will find munitions of war2 to overthrow all our enemies1 he wants but ,frenchmen1 and ,france is filled with citizens4 ,would we be free8 ,if we no longer desire it1 let us perish1 for we have all sworn it4 ,if we wish it1 let all march to defend our independence4 ,your enemies are making their last efforts4 ,pitt1 recognizing he has all to lose1 dares spare nothing4 ,take ,holland1 and ,carthage is destroyed and ,england can no longer exist but for ,liberty6 ,let ,holland be conquered to ,liberty2 and even the commercial aristocracy itself1 which at the moment dominates the ,english people1 would rise against the government which had dragged it into this despotic war against a free people4 ,they would overthrow this ministry of stupidity who thought the methods of the ancien rgime could smother the genius of ,liberty breathing in ,france4 ,this ministry once overthrown in the interests of commerce the party of ,liberty would show itself2 for it is not dead6 ,and if you know your duties1 if your commissioners leave at once1 if you extend the hand to the strangers aspiring to destroy all forms of tyranny1 ,france is saved and the world is free4 ,expedite1 then1 your commissioners2 sustain them with your energy2 let them leave this very night1 this very evening4 ,let them say to the opulent classes1 the aristocracy of ,europe must succumb to our efforts1 and pay our debt1 or you will have to pay it6 ,the people have nothing but blood--they lavish it6 ,go1 then1 ingrates1 and lavish your wealth6 ,see1 citizens1 the fair destinies that await you4 ,what6 you have a whole nation as a lever1 its reason as your fulcrum1 and you have not yet upturned the world6 ,to do this we need firmness and character1 and of a truth we lack it4 ,i put to one side all passions4 ,they are all strangers to me save a passion for the public good4 ,in the most difficult situations1 when the enemy was at the gates of ,paris1 ,i said to those governing3 ,your discussions are shameful1 ,i can see but the enemy4 ,you tire me by squabbling in place of occupying yourselves with the safety of the ,republic6 ,i repudiate you all as traitors to our country6 ,i place you all in the same line6 ,i said to them3 ,what care ,i for my reputation6 ,let ,france be free1 tho my name were accurst6 ,what care ,i that ,i am called 'a blood-drinker6' ,well1 let us drink the blood of the enemies of humanity1 if needful2 but let us struggle1 let us achieve freedom4 ,some fear the departure of the commissioners may weaken one or the other section of this ,convention4 ,vain fears6 ,carry your energy everywhere4 ,the pleasantest declaration will be to announce to the people that the terrible debt weighing upon them will be wrested from their enemies or that the rich will shortly have to pay it4 ,the national situation is cruel4 ,the representatives of value are no longer in equilibrium in the circulation4 ,the day of the workingman is lengthened beyond necessity4 ,a great corrective measure is necessary6 ,conquerors of ,holland reanimate in ,england the ,republican party2 let us advance1 ,france1 and we shall go glorified to posterity4 ,achieve these grand destinies2 no more debates1 no more quarrels1 and the fatherland is saved4 ,,footnote3 #i ,on the disasters on the frontier--delivered in convention1 ,march #aj1 #agic4 ,,sons ,,of ,,harvard#aj ,,by ,,charles ,,devens ,the sons of ,harvard who have served their country on field and flood1 in deep thankfulness to ,almighty ,god1 who has covered their heads in the day of battle and permitted them to stand again in these ancient halls and under these leafy groves1 sacred to so many memories of youth and learning1 and in yet deeper thankfulness for the crowning mercy which has been vouchsafed in the complete triumph of our arms over rebellion1 return home to-day4 ,educated only in the arts of peace1 unlearned in all that pertained especially to the science of war1 the emergency of the hour threw upon them the necessity of grasping the sword4 ,claiming only that they have striven to do their duty they come only to ask their share in the common joy and happiness which our victory has diffused and meet this imposing reception4 ,when they remember in whose presence they stand2 that of all the great crowd of the sons of ,harvard who are here to-day there is not one who has not contributed his utmost to the glorious consummation2 that those who have been blessed with opulence have expended with the largest and most lavish hand in supplying the government with the sinews of war and sustaining everywhere the distrest upon whom the woes of war fell2 that those less large in means altho not in heart have not failed to pour out most tenderly of time and care1 of affection and love1 in the thousand channels that have been opened2 that the statesmen and legislators whose wise counsels and determined spirit have brought us thus far in safety and honor are here1--would that their task were as completely done as ours6--yet sure ,i am that in their hands the pen will not lose by writing what the sword has won by fighting2 that the poets whose fiery lyrics roused us as when ,tyrtus called aloud to arms1 and who have animated the living and celebrated the dead in the noblest strains are here2 that our orators whose burning words have so cheered the gloom of the long controversy are here1 altho withal we lament that one voice so often heard through the long night of gloom was not permitted to greet with us the morning4 ,surrounded by memories such as his1 surrounded by men such as these1 we may well feel at receiving this noble testimonial of your regard that it is rather you who are generous in bestowing than we who are rich in deserving4 ,nor do we forget the guests who honor us by their presence to-day1 chief among whom we recognize his ,excellency the ,governor of ,massachusetts1 who altho he wears the civilian's coat bears as stout a heart as beats under any soldier's jacket1 and who has sent his men by the thousands and tens of thousands to fight in this great battle2 and the late commanding general of the ,army of the ,potomac under whom so many of us have fought4 ,if the whole and comprehensive plans of our great lieutenant-general have marked him as the ,ulysses of a holier and mightier epic than ,homer ever dreamed1 in the presence of the great captain who fairly turned the tide of the rebellion on the hills above ,gettysburg1 we shall not have to look far for its ,achilles4 ,yet1 sir1 speaking always of others as you have called on me to speak for them1 it seems to me that the record of the sons of the university who have served in the war is not unworthy of her4 ,in any capacity where service was honorable or useful they have rendered it4 ,in the departments of science they have been conspicuous and the skill of the engineer upon whom we so often depended was not seldom derived from the schools of this university4 ,in surgery they have by learning and judgment alleviated the woes of thousands4 ,and in the ministration of that religion in whose name this university was founded they have not been less devoted2 not only have cheering words gone forth from their pulpits1 but they have sought the hospitals where the wounded were dying1 or like ,fuller at ,fredericksburg1 have laid down their lives on the field where armed hosts were contending4 ,all these were applying the principles of their former education to new sets of circumstances2 but1 as you will remember1 by far the larger portion of our number were of the combatants of the army1 and the facility they displayed in adopting the profession of arms affords an admirable addition to the argument by which it has been heretofore maintained that the general education of our college was best for all who could obtain it1 as affording a basis upon which any superstructure of usefulness might be raised4 ,readily mastering the tactics and detail of the profession1 proving themselves able to grapple with its highest problems1 their courage and gallantry were proverbial4 ,it would be a great mistake to suppose that all that was added to our army by such men as these was merely what it gained in physical force and manly prowess4 ,our neighbors on the other side of the water1 whose attachment to monarchy is so strong that it sometimes makes them unjust to republics1 have sometimes attacked the character and discipline of our army4 ,nothing could be more unjust4 ,the federal army was noble1 self-sacrificing1 devoted always1 and to the discipline of that army no men contributed more than the members of this university and men such as they4 ,they bore always with them the loftiest principle in the contest and the highest honor in all their personal relations4 ,disorder in camp1 pillage and plunder1 found in them stern and unrelenting foes4 ,they fought in a cause too sacred1 they wore a robe too white1 to be willing to stain or sully it with such corruption4 ,mr4 ,president ,i should ill do the duty you have called on me to perform if ,i forgot that this ceremonial is not only a reception of those who return1 but a commemoration of those who have laid down their lives for the service of the country4 ,he who should have properly spoken for us1 the oldest of our graduates1 altho not of our members who have fought in this war1--,webster of the class of #ahcc1 sealed his faith with his life on the bloody field of the second ,manassas1 dying for the constitution of which his great father was the noblest expounder4 ,for those of us who return to-day1 whatever our perils and dangers may have been1 we can not feel that we have done enough to merit what you so generously bestow2 but for those with whom the work of this life is finished and yet who live forever inseparably linked with the great names of the founders of the ,republic1 and not them alone1 but the heroes and martyrs of liberty everywhere1 we know that no honor can be too much4 ,the voices which rang out so loud and clear upon the charging cheer that heralded the final assault in the hour of victory1 that in the hour of disaster were so calm and resolute as they sternly struggled to stay the slow retreat are not silent yet4 ,to us and to those who will come after us1 they will speak of comfort and home relinquished1 of toil nobly borne1 of danger manfully encountered1 of life generously surrendered and this not for pelf or ambition1 but in the spirit of the noblest self-devotion and the most exalted patriotism4 ,proud as we who are here to-day have a right to be that we are the sons of this university1 and not deemed unworthy of her when these are remembered1 we may well say1 ,sparta had many a worthier son than we4 ,,footnote3 #aj ,speech at ,commemoration ,exercises held at ,cambridge1 ,july #ba1 #ahfe4 ,,wake ,,up1 ,,england6#aa ,,by ,,king ,,george ,in the name of the ,queen and the other members of my family1 on behalf of the ,princess and for myself1 ,i thank you most sincerely for your enthusiastic reception of this toast1 proposed by you1 my ,lord ,mayor1 in such kind and generous terms4 ,your feeling allusion to our recent long absence from our happy family circle gives expression to that sympathy which has been so universally extended to my dear parents1 whether in times of joy or sorrow1 by the people of this country1 and upon which my dear mother felt she could ever reckon from the first days of her life here amongst them4 ,as to ourselves1 we are deeply sensible of the great honor done us on this occasion1 and our hearts are moved by the splendid reception which to-day has been accorded us by the authorities and inhabitants of the ,city of ,london4 ,and ,i desire to take this opportunity to express our deepest gratitude for the sympathetic interest with which our journey was followed by our fellow countrymen at home1 and for the warm welcome with which we were greeted on our return4 ,you were good enough1 my ,lord ,mayor1 to refer to his ,majesty having marked our home-coming by creating me ,prince of ,wales4 ,i only hope that ,i may be worthy to hold that ancient and historic title1 which was borne by my dear father for upward of fifty-nine years4 ,my ,lord ,mayor1 you have attributed to us more credit than ,i think we deserve4 ,for ,i feel that the debt of gratitude is not the nation's to us1 but ours to the ,king and ,government for having made it possible for us to carry out1 with every consideration for our comfort and convenience1 a voyage unique in its character1 rich in the experience gained and in memories of warm and affectionate greetings from the many races of his ,majesty's subjects in his great dominions beyond the seas4 ,and here in the capital of our great ,empire ,i would repeat how profoundly touched and gratified we have been by the loyalty1 affection and enthusiasm which invariably characterized the welcome extended to us throughout our long and memorable tour4 ,it may interest you to know that we travelled over #de1jjj miles1 of which #cc1jjj were by sea1 and ,i think it is a matter of which all may feel proud that1 with the exception of ,port ,said1 we never set foot on any land where the ,union ,jack did not fly4 ,leaving ,england in the middle of ,march1 we first touched at ,gibraltar and ,malta1 where1 as a sailor1 ,i was proud to meet the two great fleets of the ,channel and ,mediterranean4 ,passing through the ,suez ,canal--a monument of the genius and courage of a gifted son of the great friendly nation across the ,channel--we entered at ,aden the gateway of the ,east4 ,we stayed for a short time to enjoy the unrivaled scenery of ,ceylon and the ,malay ,peninsula1 the gorgeous displays of their native races1 and to see in what happy contentment these various peoples live and prosper under ,british rule4 ,perhaps there was something still more striking in the fact that the ,government1 the commerce1 and every form of enterprise in these countries are under the leadership and direction of but a handful of our countrymen1 and to realize the high qualities of the men who have won and kept for us that splendid condition4 ,australia saw the consummation of the great mission which was the more immediate object of our journey1 and you can imagine the feelings of pride with which ,i presided over the inauguration of the first representative ,assembly of the new-born ,australian ,commonwealth1 in whose hands are placed the destinies of the great island continent4 ,during a happy stay of many weeks in the different ,states1 we were able to gain an insight into the working of the commercial1 social and political institutions of which the country justly boasts1 and to see something of the great progress which it has already made1 and of its great capabilities1 while making the acquaintance of the warm-hearted and large-minded men to whose personality and energy so much of that progress is due4 ,new ,zealand afforded us a striking example of a vigorous1 independent and prosperous people1 living in the full enjoyment of free and liberal institutions1 and where many interesting social experiments are being put to the test of experience4 ,here we had the satisfaction of meeting large gatherings of the ,maori people--once a brave and resolute foe1 now peaceful and devoted subjects of the ,king4 ,tasmania1 which in natural characteristics and climate reminded us of the old country1 was visited when our faces were at length turned homeward4 ,mauritius1 with its beautiful tropical scenery1 its classical1 literary and naval historical associations1 and its population gifted with all the charming characteristics of old ,france1 was our first halting-place1 on our way to receive1 in ,natal and ,cape ,colony1 a welcome remarkable in its warmth and enthusiasm1 which appeared to be accentuated by the heavy trial of the long and grievous war under which they have suffered4 ,to ,canada was borne the message--already conveyed to ,australia and ,new ,zealand--of the ,motherland's loving appreciation of the services rendered by her gallant sons4 ,in a journey from ocean to ocean1 marvelous in its comfort and organization1 we were enabled to see something of its matchless scenery1 the richness of its soil1 the boundless possibilities of that vast and but partly explored territory4 ,we saw1 too1 the success which has crowned the efforts to weld into one community the peoples of its two great races4 ,our final halting-place was1 by the express desire of the ,king1 ,newfoundland1 the oldest of our colonies and the first visited by his ,majesty in #ahfj4 ,the hearty seafaring population of this island gave us a reception the cordiality of which is still fresh in our memories4 ,if ,i were asked to specify any particular impressions derived from our journey1 ,i should unhesitatingly place before all others that of loyalty to the ,crown and of attachment to the country2 and it was touching to hear the invariable reference to home1 even from the lips of those who never had been or were never likely to be in these islands4 ,and with this loyalty were unmistakable evidences of the consciousness of strength2 of a true and living membership in the ,empire1 and of power and readiness to share the burden and responsibility of that membership4 ,and were ,i to seek for the causes which have created and fostered this spirit1 ,i should venture to attribute them1 in a very large degree1 to the light and example of our late beloved ,sovereign4 ,it would be difficult to exaggerate the signs of genuine sorrow for her loss and of love for her memory which we found among all races1 even in the most remote districts which we visited4 ,besides this1 may we not find another cause--the wise and just policy which in the last half century has been continuously maintained toward our colonies8 ,as a result of the happy relations thus created between the mother country and her colonies we have seen their spontaneous rally round the old flag in defense of the nation's honor in ,south ,africa4 ,i had ample opportunities to form some estimate of the military strength of ,australia1 ,new ,zealand1 and ,canada1 having reviewed upward of #fj1jjj troops4 ,abundant and excellent material is available1 requiring only that molding into shape which can be readily effected by the hands of capable and experienced officers4 ,i am anxious to refer to an admirable movement which has taken strong root in both ,australia and ,new ,zealand--and that is the cadet corps4 ,on several occasions ,i had the gratification of seeing march past several thousand cadets1 armed and equipped1 and who at the expense of their respective ,governments are able to go through a military course1 and in some cases with an annual grant of practise ammunition4 ,i will not presume1 in these days of army reform1 to do more than call the attention of my friend1 the ,secretary of ,state for ,war1 to this interesting fact4 ,to the distinguished representatives of the commercial interests of the ,empire1 whom ,i have the pleasure of seeing here to-day1 ,i venture to allude to the impression which seemed generally to prevail among their brethren across the seas1 that the old country must wake up if she intends to maintain her old position of pre-eminence in her colonial trade against foreign competitors4 ,no one who had the privilege of enjoying the experiences which we have had during our tour could fail to be struck with one all-prevailing and pressing demand3 the want of population4 ,even in the oldest of our colonies there were abundant signs of this need4 ,boundless tracts of country yet unexplored1 hidden mineral wealth calling for development1 vast expanses of virgin soil ready to yield profitable crops to the settlers4 ,and these can be enjoyed under conditions of healthy living1 liberal laws1 free institutions1 in exchange for the over-crowded cities and the almost hopeless struggle for existence which1 alas1 too often is the lot of many in the old country4 ,but one condition1 and one only1 is made by our colonial brethren1 and that is1 ,send us suitable emigrants4 ,i would go further1 and appeal to my fellow countrymen at home to prove the strength of the attachment of the motherland to her children by sending to them only of her best4 ,by this means we may still further strengthen1 or at all events pass on unimpaired1 that pride of race1 that unity of sentiment and purpose1 that feeling of common loyalty and obligation which knit together and alone can maintain the integrity of our ,empire4 ,,footnote3 #aa ,a speech delivered by ,his ,majesty ,king ,george when ,prince of ,wales1 at the ,guildhall1 ,london1 ,december #e1 #aija1 on his return from his tour of the ,empire4 ,with the permission of the proprietors of ,the ,times the report which appeared in that paper has been followed4 ,,advertisements ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,by ,grenville ,kleiser ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,inspiration and ,ideals ,how to ,build ,mental ,power ,how to ,develop ,self-,confidence in ,speech and ,manner ,how to ,read and ,declaim ,how to ,speak in ,public ,how to ,develop ,power and ,personality in ,speaking ,great ,speeches and ,how to ,make ,them ,how to ,argue and ,win ,humorous ,hits and ,how to ,hold an ,audience ,complete ,guide to ,public ,speaking ,talks on ,talking ,fifteen ,thousand ,useful ,phrases ,the ,world's ,great ,sermons ,mail ,course in ,public ,speaking ,mail ,course in ,practical ,english ,how to ,speak ,without ,notes ,something to ,say3 ,how to ,say ,it ,successful ,methods of ,public ,speaking ,model ,speeches for ,practise ,the ,training of a ,public ,speaker ,how to ,sell ,through ,speech ,impromptu ,speeches3 ,how to ,make ,them ,word-,power3 ,how to ,develop ,it ,christ3 ,the ,master ,speaker ,vital ,english for ,speakers and ,writers ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,how ,,to ,,argue ,,and ,,win ,by ,,grenville ,,kleiser ,author of ,how to ,speak in ,public4 ,ninety-nine men in a hundred can argue to one who can argue and win4 ,yet upon this faculty more than any other depends the power of the lawyer1 business man1 preacher1 politician1 salesman1 and teacher4 ,the desire to win is characteristic of all men4 ,almost to win a case1 ,almost to close a sale1 ,almost to make a convert1 or ,almost to gain a vote1 brings neither satisfaction nor success4 ,in this book will be found definite suggestions for training the mind in accurate thinking and the power of clear and effective statement4 ,it is the outcome of many years of experience in teaching men to think on their feet4 ,the aim throughout is practical1 and the ultimate object a knowledge of successful argumentation4 ,,contents ,introductory--,truth and ,facts--,clearness and ,conciseness--,the ,use of ,words--,the ,syllogism--,faults--,personality--,the ,lawyer--,the ,business ,man--,the ,preacher--,the ,salesman--,the ,public ,speaker--,brief-,drawing--,the ,discipline of ,debate--,tact--,cause and ,effect--,reading ,habits--,questions for ,solution--,specimens of ,argumentation--,golden ,rules in ,argumentation4 ,note for ,law ,lecture ,abraham ,lincoln ,of ,truth ,francis ,bacon ,of ,practise and ,habits ,john ,locke ,improving the ,memory ,isaac ,watts #abmo1 ,cloth4 #a4ej1 ,net2 by mail1 #a4fe ,,funk ,,wagnalls ,,company1 ,publishers ,,new ,,york ,,and ,,london 99 99 99 99 99 ,how to ,develop ,self-,confidence in ,speech and ,manner ,by ,,grenville ,,kleiser ,author of ,how to ,speak in ,public2 ,how to ,develop ,power and ,personality in ,speaking1 etc4 ,the purpose of this book is to inspire in men lofty ideals4 ,it is particularly for those who daily defraud themselves because of doubt1 fearthought1 and foolish timidity4 ,thousands of persons are held in physical and mental bondage1 owing to lack of self-confidence4 ,distrusting themselves1 they live a life of limited effort1 and at last pass on without having realized more than a small part of their rich possessions4 ,it is believed that this book will be of substantial service to those who wish to rise above mediocrity1 and who feel within them something of their divine inheritance4 ,it is commended with confidence to every ambitious man4 ,,contents ,preliminary ,steps--,building the ,will--,the ,cure of ,self-,consciousness--,the ,power of ,right ,thinking--,sources of ,inspiration--,concentration--,physical ,basis--,finding ,yourself--,general ,habits--,the ,man and the ,manner--,the ,discouraged ,man--,daily ,steps in ,self-,culture--,imagination and ,initiative--,positive and ,negative ,thought--,the ,speaking ,voice--,confidence in ,business--,confidence in ,society--,confidence in ,public ,speaking--,toward the ,heights--,memory ,passages that ,build ,confidence4 #abmo1 ,cloth4 #a4ej1 ,net2 by mail1 #a4fe ,,funk ,,wagnalls ,,company1 ,publishers ,,new ,,york ,,and ,,london