---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,disclaim] ,! articles publi%$ 9 ! ,annual ,reports ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association are ! f9d+s & ?\ghts solely ( ! au?ors & are n to be con/ru$ z an endorsem5t by ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 its bo>d ( directors1 or its memb]s4 ,no endorsem5t is int5d$ = products m5tion$1 nor is criticism meant = products n m5tion$4 ,! laws & recomm5dations = pe/icide application may h *ang$ s9ce ! articles 7 writt54 ,x is always ! pe/icide applicator's responsibility1 by law1 to read & foll[ all curr5t label directions = ! specific pe/icide be+ us$4 ,! discussion ( specific nut tree cultiv>s & ( specific te*niques to gr[ nut trees t might h be5 successful 9 "o area & at a p>ticul> "t is n a gu>antee t simil> results w occur else:]e4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,proce$+s ,,at ,,! ,,six? ,,annual ,,meet+ ,,ro*e/]1 ,,new ,,york ,,septemb] #a ,,& #b #aiae ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,proce$+s ,,at ,,! ,,six? ,,annual ,,meet+ ,,ro*e/]1 ,,new ,,york ,,septemb] #a ,,& #b1 #aiae ,,concord1 ,n4,h4 ,,! ,,rum=d ,,press #aiaf ,,cont5ts ,,page ,(fic]s & ,committees ( ! ,association #d ,memb]s ( ! ,association #e ,con/itution ( ! ,association #aj ,by-laws ( ! ,association #aa ,proce$+s ( ! ,meet+ held at ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 ,septemb] #a & #b1 #aiae #ac ,report ( ! ,secret>y-,treasur] #ad ,! ,relation ( ,=e/ ,conditions 9 ,new ,york to ,possibilities ( ,nut ,gr[+1 ,dr4 ,hugh ,p4 ,bak]1 ,new ,york #ag ,new ,tree ,crops & a ,new ,agriculture1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?1 ,p5nsylvania #cj ,notes on ! ,hazels1 ,dr4 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris1 ,new ,york #cf ,an ,appeal to ,own]s ( ,h>dy ,nut ,trees1 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 #ea ,nor!rn ,pecan ,trees1 & ,notes on ! ,obs]vation ( ,propagat$ ,trees1 ,w4 ,c4 ,re$1 ,indiana #eh ,walnut ,obs]vations 9 ,cali=nia1 ,l4 ,d4 ,bat*elor1 ,cali=nia #fc ,prun+ ! ,p]sian ,walnut1 ,j4 ,g4 ,ru%1 ,p5nsylvania #fi ,report on ,nut ,gr[+ 9 ,canada1 ,g4 ,h4 ,corsan1 ,toronto #ga ,app5dix3 ,pres5t at ! ,six? ,annual ,meet+ #gc ,program = ,automobile ,trips ,septemb] #a & #b1 #aiae #gd ,exhibits #ge ,resolutions #gf ,bibliography ( ! ,ye> #gg ,,(fic]s ,,( ,,! ,,association ,presid5t ,j4 ,,russell ,,smi? ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania ,vice-,presid5t ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$ ,indiana ,secret>y & ,treasur] ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+ ,georget[n1 ,connecticut ,,committees ,audit+ ,c4 ,p4 ,,close1 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$ ,executive ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage1 ,r4 ,t4 ,,morris1 ,,& ,,! ,,(fic]s ,f9ance ,c4 ,p4 ,,close1 ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+ ,hybrids ,r4 ,t4 ,,morris1 ,j4 ,r4 ,,smi?1 ,c4 ,p4 ,,close ,memb]%ip ,,h>ry ,r4 ,,web]1 ,g4 ,h4 ,,corsan1 ,c4 ,h4 ,,plump1 ,,leon ,d4 ,,bat*elor1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$1 ,r4 ,t4 ,,olcott1 ,f4 ,n4 ,,fagan1 ,,?omas ,l4 ,,engleby1 ,w4 ,o4 ,,pott]1 ,w4 ,o4 ,,ridgway1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+ ,nom5clature ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$1 ,r4 ,t4 ,,morris1 ,e4 ,r4 ,,lake1 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 ,r4 ,l4 ,mc,c,o,y ,press & ,publication ,,ralph ,t4 ,,olcott1 ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,dem+ ,programme ,,! ,,presid5t1 ,,! ,,secret>y1 ,,! ,,editor ,,( ,,! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal1 ex-(ficio2 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 ,w4 ,n4 ,,hutt ,promis+ ,se$l+s ,t4 ,p4 ,,littlepage1 ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 ,j4 ,,russell ,,smi? ,,/ate ,,vice-,,presid5ts ,arizona ,c4 ,r4 ,bi$]man ,g>ces ,cali=nia ,pr(4 ,leon ,d4 ,bat*elor ,riv]side ,canada ,g4 ,h4 ,corsan ,univ]sity ( ,toronto ,connecticut ,*>les ,h4 ,plump ,we/ ,r$d+ ,delaw>e ,e4 ,r4 ,ang/ ,wilm+ton #ebg ,dupont ,bldg4 ,florida ,h4 ,h>old ,hume ,gl5 ,sa9t ,m>y ,georgia ,j4 ,b4 ,wight ,cairo ,ill9ois ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl ,alton ,indiana ,j4 ,f4 ,wilk9son ,rockport ,i[a ,w5dell ,p4 ,williams ,danville ,kansas ,durrett ,w9sbor\gh ,arg5t9e ,r4 #b ,box #aah ,k5tucky ,a4 ,l4 ,moseley ,calh\n ,m>yl& ,pr(4 ,c4 ,p4 ,close ,college ,p>k ,massa*usetts ,james ,h4 ,b[dit* ,bo/on #ijc ,tremont ,build+ ,mi*igan ,miss ,maude ,m4 ,jessup ,gr& ,rapids #ddj ,?omas ,/4 ,m9nesota ,col4 ,c4 ,a4 ,van ,duzee ,/4 ,paul ,miss\ri ,p4 ,c4 ,/>k ,l\isiana ,new ,j]sey ,c4 ,s4 ,ridgway ,lumb]ton ,new ,mexico ,e4 ,a4 ,clem5s ,magdal5a ,new ,york ,?4 ,e4 ,wile ,ro*e/] #cg ,calumet ,/4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,pr(4 ,w4 ,n4 ,hutt ,raleigh ,ohio ,h>ry ,r4 ,web] ,c9c9nati #fja ,g]ke ,bldg4 ,p5nsylvania ,j4 ,g4 ,ru% ,we/ ,will[ ,texas ,r4 ,s4 ,trumbull ,el ,paso ,m4,s4,r4,r4 ,co4 ,utah ,m4 ,a4 ,p5dleton ,lehi ,virg9ia ,john ,s4 ,p>i% ,ea/ham ,wa%+ton ,dr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,baldw9 ,kettle ,falls ,we/ ,virg9ia ,b4 ,f4 ,h>tzell ,%eph]d/[n ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,,arizona ,c4 ,r4 ,bi$]man1 ,g>ces ,,cali=nia ,bat*elor1 ,leon ,d41 ,riv]side ,dawson1 ,l4 ,h41 ,llano ,tuck]1 ,t4 ,c41 ,manag] ,cali=nia ,almond ,gr[]s' ,ex*ange1 #caa ,cali=nia ,/41 ,san ,francisco ,,canada ,corsan1 ,g4 ,h41 ,univ]sity ( ,toronto ,dufresne1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,a41 #ahgb ,c>ti] ,/41 ,montreal ,,connecticut ,b>nes1 ,john ,r41 ,yalesville ,dem+1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,c41 ,georget[n ,dem+1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,c41 ,georget[n ,hung]=d1 ,newman1 ,torr+ton1 ,r4 #b1 ,box #gf1 = circul>s1 ,box #ajhb1 ,h>t=d1 = lett]s ,ives1 ,erne/ ,m41 ,/]l+ ,or*>ds1 ,m]id5 ,lay1 ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,wellesm]e1 ,/rat=d ,mill]1 ,mrs4 ,*>les1 #cb ,hillside ,ave41 ,wat]bury 99 ,morris1 ,dr4 ,rob]t ,t41 ,cos ,cob1 ,r4 #bh1 ,box #ie ,plump1 ,*>les ,h41 ,we/ ,r$d+ ,:ite1 ,g]r>d1 ,nor? ,granby ,williams1 ,w4 ,w41 ,milldale ,,delaw>e ,ang/1 ,e4 ,r41 #ebg ,du,pont ,build+1 ,wilm+ton1 ,del4 ,"l1 ,george ,frank1 c>e ( ,du,pont ,p[d] ,company1 ,wilm+ton ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia ,close1 ,pr(4 ,c4 ,p41 ,pomologi/1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton ,godd>d1 ,r4 ,h41 ,f>m ,managem5t1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton ,lake1 ,pr(4 ,e4 ,r41 ,pomologi/1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton 99 ,littlepage1 ,t4 ,p41 ,union ,tru/ ,build+1 ,wa%+ton ,orr1 ,h]b]t ,r41 ,evans ,build+1 ,wa%+ton ,re$1 ,c4 ,a41 ,nut ,culturi/1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton ,,florida ,hume1 ,h4 ,h>old1 ,gl5 ,sa9t ,m>y ,simpson1 ,ray ,c41 ,monticello ,,georgia ,wight1 ,j4 ,b41 ,cairo ,,ill9ois ,dickey1 ,samuel1 #d ,*alm]s ,place1 ,*icago ,flet*]1 ,joe1 ,zion ,city ,keely1 ,royal ,r4 #dgbj ,cl>5don ,ave41 ,*icago ,poll1 ,c>l ,j41 #ajji ,maple ,/41 ,danville ,pott]1 ,hon4 ,w4 ,o41 ,m>ion ,riehl1 ,e4 ,a41 ,alton ,web/]1 ,h4 ,g41 #dej ,belmont ,ave41 ,*icago ,,indiana ,burton1 ,joe ,a41 ,mit*el ,hut*+s1 ,miss ,lida ,g41 #aah ,?ird ,/41 ,madison ,mc,coy1 ,r4 ,l41 ,lake ,re$1 ,m4 ,p41 ,v9c5nes ,re$1 ,w4 ,c41 ,v9c5nes ,s*midt1 ,hugh ,c41 ,evansville ,simpson1 ,h4 ,d41 ,v9c5nes ,:ite1 ,paul1 ,boonville ,wilk9son1 ,j4 ,f41 ,rockport ,,i[a ,williams1 ,w5dall ,p41 ,danville ,,kansas ,w9sbor\gh1 ,durrett1 ,arg5t9e1 ,r4 #b1 ,box #aah ,,k5tucky ,mat!ws1 ,pr(4 ,c4 ,w41 ,horticulturi/1 ,/ate ,agricultural ,/ation1 ,lex+ton ,moseley1 ,a4 ,l41 ,bank ( ,calh\n1 ,calh\n ,,m>yl& ,d>by1 ,r4 ,u41 ,suite #hjd1 ,cont95tal ,build+1 ,baltimore ,hayd51 ,*as4 ,s41 #bjj ,e4 ,lex+ton ,/41 ,baltimore ,heapes1 ,j41 ,granville1 ,/reet ,h5%aw1 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,c41 ,adam/[n ,ke5an1 ,john ,n41 ,br5twood ,k+1 ,w4 ,j41 #bcb ,pr9ce ,george ,/41 ,annapolis ,murray1 ,miss ,annie ,c41 ,cumb]/one ,newcom]1 ,a>on1 ,smi?burg1 ,r4 #a4 ,,massa*usetts 99 ,b[dit*1 ,james ,h41 #ijc ,tremont ,build+1 ,bo/on ,gilb]t1 ,ralph ,d41 #i ,ridgefield ,road1 ,w9*e/] ,h(fman1 ,b]nh>d1 ,ov]brook ,or*>d1 ,/ockbridge ,ri*1 ,william ,p41 ,secret>y ,/ate ,horticultural ,society1 #cjj ,massa*usetts ,ave41 ,bo/on ,smi?1 ,fr$ ,a41 #ci ,p9e ,/41 ,danv]s ,vaughan1 ,horace ,a41 ,peacehav51 ,assonet ,:ite1 ,w>r51 ,holli/on ,,mi*igan ,copl&1 ,alex&] ,w41 ,/rawb]ry ,hill ,f>m1 ,birm+ham ,jessup1 ,miss ,maud ,m41 #ddj ,?omas ,/41 ,gr& ,rapids ,kellogg1 ,j4 ,h41 ,battle ,creek ,l9ton1 ,wm4 ,s41 ,pres4 ,bo>d ( ,trade1 ,sag9aw ,/aunton1 ,gray1 ,muskegon1 ,box #bcc ,,m9nesota ,p[]s1 ,l4 ,l41 #ajah ,hudson ,ave41 ,/4 ,paul ,van ,duzee1 ,col4 ,c4 ,a41 ,/4 ,paul ,,miss\ri ,bauman1 ,x4 ,c41 ,/e4 ,g5evieve ,buffam1 ,frank ,w41 ,commission] ( ,highways1 ,jeff]son ,city ,johnson1 ,alfr$ ,e41 ,mc,baine1 ,r4 #a ,koontz1 ,e4 ,j41 ,ri*>ds ,/>k1 ,p4 ,c41 ,l\isiana 7,mo47 ,,new ,,j]sey ,black1 ,walt] ,c41 ( ,jos4 ,h4 ,black1 ,son ,co41 ,hight/[n ,de ,c\1 ,h[>d ,f41 ,truesdale ,f>m1 ,m]*antville ,dietrick1 ,dr4 ,?omas ,s41 #ab ,we/ ,wa%+ton ,ave41 ,wa%+ton ,h5d]son1 ,h[>d ,w41 #fjc ,spoon] ,ave41 ,pla9field4 ,lovett1 ,j4 ,t41 ,little ,silv] ,m>/on1 ,edw9 ,s41 ,florham ,p>k1 ,box #gb ,me*l+1 ,edw>d ,a41 ,wond]l& ,f>m1 ,moore/[n ,putnam1 ,j4 ,h41 ,v9el& ,ridgeway1 ,c4 ,s41 ,floralia1 ,lumb]ton1 ,n4,j4 ,rob]ts1 ,horace1 ,moore/[n ,"y1 ,fr$]ick ,c41 ,palmyra1 ,box #cce ,,new ,,mexico ,clem5s1 ,e4 ,a41 ,magdal5a ,,new ,,york ,abbott1 ,fr$]ick ,b41 #dai ,n9? ,/41 ,brooklyn ,ack]ly1 ,orville ,b41 #bdc ,w4 #cd? ,/41 ,new ,york ,city ,atwat]1 ,c4 ,g41 ,manag] ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t1 ,am]ican ,coal ,products ,company1 #ag ,batt]y ,place1 ,new ,york ,city ,bak]1 ,dr4 ,hugh ,p41 ,dean ( ,/ate ,college ( ,=e/ry1 ,syracuse ,bak]1 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,fr$1 ,director ( ,=e/ ,inve/igations1 ,/ate ,college ( ,=e/ry1 ,syracuse ,bak]1 ,wm4 ,a41 ,nor? ,rose ,bixby1 ,will>d ,g41 #df? ,/4 & #bnd ,ave41 ,brooklyn ,br[n1 ,ronald ,j41 #cbj ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city ,ellwang]1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,d41 #eaj ,ea/ ,ave41 ,ro*e/] ,felt1 ,h5ry ,w41 #bch ,william ,/41 ,new ,york ,city ,foote1 ,av]y ,l41 ,new>k1 ,wayne ,co4 ,full]ton1 ,h4 ,b41 ,director ,long ,isl& ,railroad ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,m$=d1 ,l4,i4 ,haywood1 ,alb]t1 ,flu%+ ,hickox1 ,ralph1 #chcb ,:ite ,pla9s ,ave41 ,new ,york ,city ,hicks1 ,h5ry1 ,we/bury1 ,l4,i4 ,hold51 ,e4 ,b41 ,hilton 99 ,hunt+ton1 ,a4 ,m41 #ae ,w4 #ha/ ,/41 ,new ,york ,city ,jackson1 ,dr4 ,james ,h41 ,dansville ,keel]1 ,*>les ,e41 ,*i*e/] & ,briggs ,aves41 ,ri*mond ,hill ,morse1 ,geo4 ,a41 ,fruit ,acres1 ,williamson1 ,n4,y4 ,nelson1 ,dr4 ,james ,rob]t1 #bc ,ma9 ,/41 ,k+/on-on-,hudson ,olcott1 ,ralph ,t41 ,ellwang] ,b>ry ,build+1 ,ro*e/] ,palm]1 ,a4 ,c41 ,new ,york ,milit>y ,academy1 ,cornwall-on-,hudson ,pom]oy1 ,a4 ,c41 ,lockport ,rice1 ,mrs4 ,lillian ,mc,kee1 ,adelano1 ,pawl+ ,/eph51 ,pr(4 ,john ,w41 ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,agriculture1 ,/ate ,college ( ,=e/ry1 ,syracuse ,teele1 ,a4 ,w41 #cj ,broad ,/41 ,new ,york ,city ,tet]1 ,walt] ,c1 #aj ,wall ,/41 ,new ,york ,city ,?omson1 ,adelb]t1 ,ea/ ,avon ,tuck]man1 ,bay>d1 #aah ,e4 #cg? ,/41 ,new ,york ,city ,turn]1 ,k4 ,m41 #bbj ,w4 #dbnd ,/41 ,new ,york ,city ,ulman1 ,dr4 ,ira1 #bac ,w4 #adg? ,/41 ,new ,york ,city ,wile1 ,m4 ,e41 #cg ,calumet ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,williams1 ,dr4 ,*>les ,mallory1 #dh ,e4 #di? ,/41 ,new ,york ,city 99 ,wissmann1 ,mrs4 ,f4 de ,r41 ,we/*e/]1 ,new ,york ,city ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a ,glov]1 ,j4 ,:eel]1 ,morehead ,city ,heely1 ,dr4 ,o4 ,j41 ,&rews1 ,r4,f4,d4 ,hutt1 ,pr(4 ,w4 ,h41 ,/ate ,horticulturi/1 ,raleigh ,van ,l9dley1 ,j41 ,j4 ,van ,l9dley ,nurs]y ,company1 ,pomona ,,ohio ,dayton1 ,j4 ,h41 ,/orrs ,h>rison ,company1 ,pa9esville ,d5ny1 ,m>k ,e41 ,middlet[n ,evans1 ,miss ,myrta ,l41 ,briall5 ,f>m1 ,oak ,hill1 ,jackson ,c\nty ,mill]1 ,h4 ,a41 ,gypsum ,web]1 ,h>ry ,r41 #fja ,g]ke ,build+1 ,c9c9nati ,witte1 ,o4 ,f41 ,amh]/1 ,r4 #b ,yunck1 ,e4 ,g41 #gaj ,c5tral ,ave41 ,s&usky ,,p5nsylvania ,ball\1 ,c4 ,f41 ,halifax ,corcoran1 ,*as4 ,a41 ,w9d-,ru% ,fruit ,f>m1 ,new ,albany ,creasy1 ,wm4 ,t41 ,catawissa ,doan1 ,j4 ,l41 ,s*ool ( ,horticulture1 ,ambl] ,druckemill]1 ,w4 ,c41 ,sunbury ,fagan1 ,pr(4 ,f4 ,n41 ,dep>tm5t ( ,horticulture1 ,/ate ,college ,grubbs1 ,h4 ,l41 ,fairview1 ,r4 #a ,hall1 ,robt4 ,w41 #acc ,*ur* ,/41 ,be?lehem ,heffn]1 ,h41 ,highl& ,*e/nut ,grove1 ,leep] ,hile1 ,an?ony1 ,curw5sville ,national ,bank1 ,curw5sville ,hoopes1 ,wilm] ,w41 ,hoopes ,bro!rs & ,?omas ,company1 ,we/*e/] ,h[ell1 ,l>dn]1 ,gir>d ,tru/ ,company1 ,philadelphia ,hut*9son1 ,mahlon1 ,a%wood ,f>m1 ,devon1 ,*e/] ,c\nty ,j5k9s1 ,*>les ,francis1 ,f>m ,j\rnal1 ,philadelphia 99 ,jones1 ,j4 ,f41 ,lanca/]1 ,box #ebg ,leas1 ,f4 ,c41 #hhb ,drexel ,build+1 ,philadelphia1 ,m\nta9 ,brook ,or*>d ,company1 ,salem1 ,va4 ,le$s1 ,s>ah ,b41 ,we/*e/]1 ,r4 #d ,middleton1 ,f5ton ,h41 #aaah ,*e/nut ,/41 ,philadelphia ,moss1 ,james1 ,johnsville1 ,bucks ,c\nty ,murphy1 ,p4 ,j41 ,vice-,presid5t ,l4 ,w4,r4,r4,r4 ,company1 ,scranton ,my]s1 ,c4 ,n41 ,hanov] ,o',neill1 ,wm4 ,c41 #acbh ,walnut ,/41 ,philadelphia ,pelton1 ,joseph ,l41 ,nor? ,gir>d1 ,r4 #a ,rick1 ,john1 #dch ,p5nsylvania ,sq41 ,read+ ,ru%1 ,j4 ,g41 ,we/ ,will[ ,ryan1 ,*>les ,d41 ,spr+ ,m\nt1 ,montgom]y ,c\nty ,sm$ley1 ,sam'l ,l41 #ijb ,/eph5 ,gir>d ,build+1 ,philadelphia ,smitt51 ,h4 ,w41 ,ro*e/] ,mills1 ,r4 #b 99 ,sob]1 ,col4 ,c4 ,k41 ,lewisburg ,spackman1 ,h4 ,b41 ,luk5s ,iron ,company1 ,coatesville ,?omas1 ,joseph ,w41 ,jos4 ,w4 ,?omas ,sons1 ,k+ ( ,prussia ,p4,o4 ,walt]1 ,dr4 ,h>ry1 ,spr+ ,m\nt ,weav]1 ,wm4 ,s41 ,mc,cungie ,web/]1 ,mrs4 ,edmund1 #acbd ,s4 ,broad ,/41 ,philadelphia ,wi/]1 ,john ,c41 ,wi/] ,/4 & ,cl>kson ,ave41 ,g]mant[n ,wright1 ,r4 ,p41 #bce ,w4 #f? ,/41 ,erie ,,texas ,trumbull1 ,r4 ,s41 ,agricultural ,ag5t1 ,el ,paso ,s4,w4 ,sy/em1 ,mor5ci ,s\!rn ,railroad ,company1 ,el ,paso ,,utah ,p5dleton1 ,m4 ,a41 ,lehi ,smi?1 ,joseph ,a41 ,provid5ce 7,edgewood ,hall7 ,/ayn]1 ,horace1 #ahdd ,s4 ,/ate ,/41 ,salt ,lake ,city ,,virg9ia ,c>v]1 ,w4 ,n41 ,cismont1 ,albem>le ,c\nty ,crockett1 ,e4 ,b41 ,monroe ,dodge1 ,geo4 ,p41 ,lov+/on1 ,r4 #a ,engleby1 ,?os4 ,l41 #ajjb ,patt]son ,ave41 ,roanoke ,lee1 ,lawr5ce ,r41 ,leesburg ,mill]1 ,l4 ,o41 ,mill] ,rhodes1 ,ri*mond ,p>i%1 ,john ,s41 ,ea/ham1 ,albem>le ,c\nty ,%ack=d1 ,!odore ,b41 c>e ( ,adams ,bro!rs-,paynes ,company1 ,lyn*burg ,smi?1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell1 ,r\ndhill ,,wa%+ton ,baldw91 ,dr4 ,a4 ,e41 ,kettle ,falls ,,we/ ,,virg9ia ,h>tzell1 ,b4 ,f41 ,%eph]d/[n 99 ,life memb]s4 ,,con/itution ,,article ,i ,"n4 ,?is society %all be kn[n z ! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association4 ,,article ,,ii ,object4 ,its object %all be ! promotion ( int]e/ 9 nut-be>+ plants1 _! products & _! culture4 ,,article ,,iii ,memb]%ip4 ,memb]%ip 9 ! society %all be op5 to all p]sons :o desire to fur!r nut culture1 )\t ref]5ce to place ( resid5ce or nationality1 subject to ! rules & regulations ( ! committee on memb]%ip4 ,,article ,,iv ,(fic]s4 ,!re %all be a presid5t1 a vice-presid5t & a secret>y-treasur]1 :o %all be elect$ by ballot at ! annual meet+2 & an executive committee ( five p]sons1 ( :i* ! presid5t1 two la/ retir+ presid5ts1 vice-presid5t & secret>y-treasur] %all be memb]s4 ,!re %all be a /ate vice-presid5t f ea* /ate1 dep5d5cy or c\ntry repres5t$ 9 ! memb]%ip ( ! association1 :o %all be appo9t$ by ! presid5t4 ,,article ,v ,election ( ,(fic]s4 ,a committee ( five memb]s %all be elect$ at ! annual meet+ = ! purpose ( nom9at+ (fic]s = ! foll[+ ye>4 ,,article ,,vi ,meet+s4 ,! place & "t ( ! annual meet+ %all be select$ by ! memb]%ip 9 session or1 9 ! ev5t ( no selection be+ made at ?is "t1 ! executive committee %all *oose ! place & "t = ! hold+ ( ! annual conv5tion4 ,su* o!r meet+s z may seem desirable may be call$ by ! presid5t & executive committee4 ,,article ,,vii ,quorum4 ,t5 memb]s ( ! association %all con/itute a quorum1 b mu/ include a majority ( ! executive committee or two ( ! ?ree elect$ (fic]s4 ,,article ,,viii ,am5dm5ts4 ,?is con/itution may be am5d$ by a two-?irds vote ( ! memb]s pres5t at any annual meet+1 notice ( su* am5dm5t hav+ be5 read at ! previ\s annual meet+1 or a copy ( ! propos$ am5dm5t hav+ be5 mail$ by any memb] to ea* memb] ?irty days be=e ! date ( ! annual meet+4 ,,by-,,laws ,,article ,i ,committees4 ,! association %all appo9t /&+ committees z foll[s3 ,on memb]%ip1 on f9ance1 on programme1 on press & publication1 on nom5clature1 on promis+ se$l+s1 on hybrids1 & an audit+ committee4 ,! committee on memb]%ip may make recomm5dations to ! association z to ! discipl9e or expulsion ( any memb]4 ,,article ,,ii ,fees4 ,! fees %all be ( two k9ds1 annual & life4 ,! =m] %all be two doll>s1 ! latt] tw5ty doll>s4 ,,article ,,iii ,memb]%ip4 ,all annual memb]%ips %all beg9 ) ! fir/ day ( ! cal5d> qu>t] foll[+ ! date ( jo9+ ! association4 ,,article ,,iv ,am5dm5ts4 ,by-laws may be am5d$ by a two-?irds vote ( memb]s pres5t at any annual meet+4 ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association ,,six? ,,annual ,,meet+ ,,septemb] #a ,,& #b1 #aiae ,,ro*e/]1 ,,new ,,york ,! six? annual conv5tion ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association 0 call$ to ord] 9 ! conv5tion hall ( ,p[]s ,hotel1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 on ,w$nesday1 ,septemb] #a1 at #aj3ae ,a4,m41 ! presid5t1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?1 presid+1 & ?irty-two p be+ assembl$4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,ladies & ,g5tlem51 ,memb]s ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 ! meet+ w please come to ord]4 ,) an organization ( ?is sort1 ! ma9 purpose ( ! meet+ is ! dissem9ation ( in=mation1 b x is necess>y t c]ta9 bus9ess %all be conduct$ to keep ! organization go+4 ,"s bus9ess is dry2 usually ! reports ( our secret>y-treasur] are n1 & ! fir/ ord] ( bus9ess1 ,i ?9k1 %\ld be to he> f our secret>y-treasur]4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i %\ld be glad to h ! floor = a mom5t1 ,mr4 ,presid5t4 ,9 ! ,congressional ,libr>y at ,wa%+ton ,city are _m v beautiful & attractive inscriptions & quotations1 "o ( :i* has always appeal$ to me z a lawy]1 & ,i h repeat$ x _m times3 ,( law !re c be no less ackn[l$g$ ?an t h] voice is ! h>mony ( ! _w4 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i h not$ v _m times t ! voice ( ! law is sometimes sil5t4 ,x speaks only ?r\gh ^? 9 au?ority & !re %\ld always be "s emblem ( au?ority4 ,i !re=e took ! lib]ty1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ( hav+ made = y a gavel f ! wood ( an ,indiana pecan tree1 :]e z a y\? ,i liv$ & le>n$ ( ?is mo/ delici\s ( all ! nuts1 & ,i take pleasure 9 pres5t+ x to y1 & if anyone d\bts ! h>d9ess or h>dness ( ! ,indiana pecan1 ,i au?orize y to demon/rate bo?4 ,i am pres5t+ y duplicate gavels1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 "o ( :i* ,i desire to h y turn ov] to y\r successor 9 (fice z an (ficial emblem ( 8 au?ority1 to be us$ at future meet+s2 ! o!r ,i am pres5t+ to y z a p]sonal tribute = y\r mo/ excell5t "w 9 behalf ( nor!rn nut culture4 ,?is gavel ,i %all ask y to place among ! trophies 9 y\r beautiful m\nta9 home1 :]e ! birds s+ sweetly1 ! sun %9es brightly1 & ! breezes murmur s(tly2 & :]e ! days are made to re/ & ! nights are made to sleep4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,mr4 ,littlepage1 n be+ prep>$ = ?is1 & n be+ naturally eloqu5t1 ,i am unable to make a spee*4 ,h[ev]1 z a "p ( ! way out ( ! difficulty1 ,i accept ?is "o (ficially ) great pleasure1 & p]sonally accept ! o!r ) deep gratitude1 & desire to express ! appreciation ( ! meet+4 ,! pecan is call+ ! walnut meet+ to ord]4 ,la/ ye> we w5t to see ! pecan2 ?is ye> we come to see ! walnut1 :i*1 has done m ?an any o!r nut 9 ! ,ea/4 ,we w n[ li/5 to ! report ( our secret>y-treasur]4 ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,secret>y-,,treasur] ,balance on h&1 date ( la/ report #g4bc ,receipts3 ,dues #cgi4cj ,adv]tisem5ts #db4jj ,contributions #db4ej ,sale ( report #bb4dj ,contributions = prizes #dj4jj ,miscellane\s #a4je ------- #ecd4dh ,exp5ses3 ,pr9t+ report #bcc4gf ,miscellane\s pr9t+ #ea4hj ,po/age & /ation]y #da4ji ,/5ograph] #b4jj ,express1 freight1 c>t+ #c4gd ,prizes #aj4jj ,*eck ,j4,r4,s4 exp5ses1 circul>s #cg4cj ,bills receivable #aj4jj ,miscellane\s #d4ee ------- #cid4bd ------- ,balance on h& #adj4bd ,?is is ! be/ f9ancial report t ! treasur] has ev] be5 able to transmit1 & ?is is *iefly due to ! ef=ts ( our presid5t :o1 dur+ ! ye>1 has s5t out num]\s notices (1 & articles ab\t1 our ,association1 its purposes1 & ! desirability ( f9d+ & propagat+ our be/ nut trees4 ,he also (f]$ ?ree prizes ( #e ea* = a nut conte/ & did ! "w necess>y to get publicity = ?is conte/4 ,he s5t lett]s to ! memb]s ( ! horticultural societies ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1 & ,ohio :i* result$ 9 our gett+ #bd new memb]s1 mo/ly f ! /ate ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,tw5ty-five doll>s ( ! co/ ( ?is circul>iz+ ! presid5t paid out ( 8 own pocket4 ,! re/ 0 m ?an made up by ! fees ( new memb]s4 ,! presid5t also _h pr9t$ an educational leaflet on nut gr[+ = di/ribution by ,mr4 ,cobb ) ! nut trees :i* he s5ds to ! s*ools & f>m]s ( ,mi*igan4 ,) ,pr(essor ,close he 0 on ! f9ance committee :i* s5t a circul> lett] to ! memb]s ( ! ,association = funds to help pay = ! pr9t+ ( ! annual report1 & obta9$ adv]tisem5ts = ! report4 ,z /at$ 9 ! treasur]'s report contributions = ?is purpose am\nt$ to #db4ej & adv]tisem5ts br\ght 9 #db4jj4 ,prizes ,! ,association (f]$ la/ ye> prizes ( #e ea* = ! be/ %agb>k hickory nut1 black walnut & hazel nut s5t 94 ,some?+ ov] a hundr$ specim5s 7 receiv$ & ! prize = hickory nut 0 aw>d$ to ,j4 ,k4 ,triplett ( ,elk9s1 ,w4 ,va4 ,! prize = black walnut 0 aw>d$ to ,j4 ,g4 ,ru% ( ,we/ ,will[1 ,pa4 ,mr4 ,ru% return$ 8 prize to be us$ = ! purposes ( ! ,association4 ,no prize = hazels 0 aw>d$ z only "o or two insignificant specim5s 7 s5t 94 ,p]haps ! /imulation ( ?is conte/ acc\nts = our be+ able to (f] su* sub/antial prizes = ?is ye>4 ,9 addition to ! #hj wor? ( prizes already ann\nc$ ! secret>y has receiv$ f a life memb]1 ,james ,h4 ,b[dit* ( ,bo/on1 a *eck = #be z a prize to be (f]$ by ! ,association = a hickory nut "u su* conditions z ! ,association may decide4 ,a circul> ann\nc+ ^! prizes has be5 s5t out to agricultural & o!r pap]s to ! numb] ( #bjj1 ! exp5ses ( :i* h be5 borne by ano!r memb]1 ,mr4 ,*as4 ,h4 ,plump ( ,connecticut4 ,a committee on competitions %\ld be appo9t$ or ! direction ( !m delegat$ to "s already exi/5t committee4 ,memb]%ip ,sev5ty-f\r memb]s 7 add$ dur+ ! int]val betwe5 ?is meet+ & ! la/1 "o less ?an 9 ! previ\s ye>4 ,s9ce its organization #bhg p]sons h jo9$ ! ,association4 ,we h at pres5t #aec paid up memb]s1 #ba m ?an la/ ye>4 ,!re are a few memb]s ^: dues are unpaid :o are active work]s & w ev5tually pay1 probably4 ,f\r memb]s h resign$1 ?\gh none 9 ang]1 & we h lo/ "o by dea?1 ! late ,pr(4 ,h4 ,e4 ,van ,deman4 ,annual ,dues ,"s way %\ld be f\nd out ( ! difficulties aris+ f ! dissatisfaction ( memb]s :o jo9 late 9 ! ye> :5 !y receive a notice = dues soon aft] hav+ once paid4 ,x is desirable to take 9 memb]s at all times dur+ ! ye>4 ,at ! same "t "s me?od %\ld be f\nd to give ! late com] some?+ = 8 money4 ,%all memb]%ip cont9ue to date f ! cal5d> ye>8 ,or %all we make "s *ange8 ,"s societies date memb]%ips f ! op5+ ( ! annual meet+4 ,x w\ld n be impossible to make memb]%ips date f ! beg9n+ ( ! qu>t] ye> imm$iately foll[+ date ( jo9+4 ,?is w\ld give e memb] a full ye> at lea/ be=e he w\ld aga9 receive a notice = dues4 ,x w\ld be q inconv5i5t to date ea* memb]%ip f ! day ( jo9+4 ,x w\ld n be s bad if memb]s paid promptly on receipt ( notice4 ,or a rebate might be made = ea* mon? ( ! ye> elaps$ be=e new memb]s' dues 7 paid4 ,meet+s ,no field meet+ 0 held ?is ye>4 ,x has be5 sugge/$1 & w\ld seem to be a favorable subject = discussion1 t x might be well to hold our annual meet+ late 9 ! ye> 9 "s c5tral location1 su* z ,new ,york ,city1 ,philadelphia or ,wa%+ton1 = our bus9ess & =mal program ( pap]s & discussions1 & ! /udy ( ! nuts s5t 91 p]haps = judg+ any competition t might be held1 if ! meet+ 7 late en\gh = t2 & a summ] meet+ ( in=mal nature at "s place :]e nut trees ) _! crops gr[+ c\ld be /udi$4 ,nut ,j\rnal ,our (ficial organ1 ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal1 has done its "p well ?r\gh ! pa/ ye> & is becom+1 z x %\ld1 a v important elem5t 9 ! success ( ! purposes ( ?is ,association4 ,mo/ new & old memb]s ( ! ,association h avail$ !mselves dur+ ! ye> ( ! (f] ( memb]%ip & ! ,j\rnal = #b4ej4 ,9 spite ( ! r$uction ( #be c5ts on ea* memb]%ip1 ! receipts = dues h increas$ f #bgc to #cca4 ,i w\ld sugge/ t ! memb]%ip fee be /ill fur!r r$uc$ by #be c5ts1 :5 comb9$ ) subscription to ! ,j\rnal1 if ! editor is will+ to cont9ue ! pres5t arrangem5t :]eby ! price ( ! ,j\rnal is r$uc$ to #ge c5ts :5 subscrib$ to ) memb]%ip1 s t ! two toge!r w co/ #b4be4 ,ano!r ye> x may be possible to make a simil> r$uction4 ,! object t[>d :i* we ought to "w is memb]%ip = #a1 & memb]%ip ) ! ,j\rnal#b4 ,i %\ld l to he> ! op9ions ( ! memb]s z to ! advisability ( work+ to r$uce our dues to #a annually4 ,h[ ,memb]s ,may ,help ,at ! risk ( monotony ,i w repeat my conclud+ rem>ks ( la/ ye> & ask t ea* memb] help increase ! prosp]ity & usefulness ( ! ,association by enli/+ new memb]s1 by adv]tis+ 8 bus9ess 9 ! annual report1 & by pay+ 8 dues promptly4 ,! secret>y w\ld mu* r sp5d 8 "t answ]+ que/ions & imp>t+ su* in=mation z lies 9 8 p[]1 ?an to h to s5d repeat$ notices to memb]s 9 arre>s = dues4 ,! secret>y w be happy at all times to le>n ( ! plans & progress ( ! memb]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,y h he>d ! report ( ! secret>y4 ,!re are two ?+s to be done ) x4 ,x is1 z y w notice1 fir/ a report ( ! ye>'s bus9ess &1 second1 x has c]ta9 sugge/ions = y\r consid]ation4 ,i ?9k t z a bus9ess report we c discuss & move its adoption1 am5dm5t or rejection4 ,aft] t we may take up ! sugge/ions4 ,adoption mov$1 second$ & c>ri$4 ,he has br\ght be=e our consid]ation ! am\nt ( dues1 & ! "q ( _! paym5t4 ,i d\bt ! advisability ( a l5g?y discussion 9 ?is bus9ess meet+4 ,i ?9k x bett] to ref] x to ! executive committee4 ,unless ,i he> fur!r sugge/ions1 ,i w take t action4 ,! next piece ( bus9ess is ! matt] ( ! report on ! am5dm5ts to ! con/itution4 ,pr(essor ,close & ! secret>y 7 appo9t$ a committee = ?is matt]1 & z ,pr(essor ,close _c be "h1 we w he> f ! secret>y on ! matt]4 7,see am5d$ con/itution47 ,,dr4 ,,smi?3 ,i am n[ glad to ann\nce t we h cov]$ ! necess>y bus9ess gr\nd1 & n[ come to ! real meat ( ! meet+4 ,we h ) u ?is morn+ ,dr4 ,bak]1 ,dean ( ! ,/ate ,college ( ,=e/ry1 at ,syracuse1 :o is go+ to address u on ! subject ( ,! ,relation ( ,=e/ry ,conditions 9 ,new ,york to ,possibilities ( ,nut ,gr[+4 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,=e/ ,,conditions ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,,to ,,possibilities ,,( ,,nut ,,gr[+ ,,dr4 ,,hugh ,p4 ,,bak]1 ,,dean ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,/ate ,,college ,,( ,,=e/ry ,,at ,,syracuse ,,univ]sity ,! =e/] presumes to come be=e y\r organization because he is conc]n$ ) "o ( ! greate/ ( ! natural res\rces ( ?is & o!r /ates ( ! ,union & n ) ! idea ( br++ in=mation z to details 9 nut culture4 ,possibly nut culture z a bus9ess is m closely relat$ to agriculture ?an =e/ry4 ,=e/ry is n subord9ate to agriculture 9 ?is c\ntry b co-ord9ate ) x4 ,toge!r !y w come z ne> solv+ ! soil problems ( ! c\ntry z is possible = man to solve !m4 ,! =e/] is int]e/$ & conc]n$ ) ! wild nut trees :]ev] he has to d ) ! =e/s or =e/ l&s ( ! c\ntry4 ,?r\gh\t ! great h>dwood sections ( ! ,ea/ !re are _m native nut-be>+ trees1 & 9 ! prop] utilization ( ! trees :i* make up ! =e/s ! =e/] is conc]n$ n alone ) ! lumb] :i* may come f ^! trees1 b he is conc]n$ z well ) ! value ( ! by-products ( ! =e/ & ! influ5ce ( ! utilization ( ^! by-products ^u ! =e/4 ,9 view ( ! =e/]'s int]e/ 9 all ( ! trees :i* make up our =e/s1 my purpose ( address+ y today is to br+ be=e y ! "q ( ! mo/ effective use ( ! =e/ soils ( ?is /ate4 ,i %all also attempt to make "s sugge/ions to y\r organization 9 ! matt] ( int]e/+ ! man on ! /reet 9 nut gr[+4 ,?is pr(ession & ! bus9ess ( =e/ry h be5 pass+ ?r\gh a p]iod ( g5]al educational "w 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,"s ( ! lessons :i* we h le>n$ ?r\gh our ef=ts to int]e/ ! p 9 _! =e/s may be ( help to y 9 int]e/+ ! p bo? 9 ! consumption & ! production ( nuts4 ,new ,york z a ,great ,=e/ ,/ate ,tw5ty-five ye>s ago ,new ,york 0 "o ( ! lead+ lumb]-produc+ /ates ( ! ,union4 ,today "s tw5ty o!r /ates produce m lumb] ?an comes f ! =e/s & woodlots ( ,new ,york4 ,/ati/ics giv5 out rec5tly by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus ,bureau & ! ,cons]vation ,commission ( ,new ,york %[ t1 out ( ! l& acreage ( ov] ?irty-two millions 9 ,new ,york1 b tw5ty-two millions are includ$ )9 f>ms4 ,?is leaves some?+ ov] eight millions ( acres outside ( f>ms & presumably non-agricultural4 ,! =e/s ( ! ,adirondacks & ,catskills & ! woodlots ( ! r\gh] hill c\nties 9 ! s\!rn & s\?we/]n "p ( ! /ate come )9 ?is va/ area ( eight millions ( acres4 ,)\t d\bt ) increas+ population !re w come "s increase 9 ! use ( :at are n[ non-agricultural l&s = ! practice ( agriculture1 b ) ?ree hundr$ ye>s ( agricultural hi/ory back ( u 9 ?is /ate x does n seem likely t !re w be mu* *ange 9 ! relation ( non-agricultural to agricultural l& dur+ ! next half-c5tury4 ,out ( ! tw5ty-two millions ( acres ( f>m l&s 9 ! /ate b fifte5 millions are actually "u cultivation1 leav+1 !re=e1 f six to eight millions ( acres )9 ! f>ms ( ! /ate b ly+ idle4 ,t is1 we h a ,massa*usetts enclos$ )9 our f>ms :i* is non-productive z f> z direct returns are conc]n$4 ,yet !re is really no wa/e l& 9 ,new ,york1 z e squ>e foot ( ! /ate :i* is cov]$ ) any soil at all is capable ( produc+ good =e/ trees4 ,x is ?is great area ( idle l& enclos$ )9 our f>ms :i* seems to h unusual promise 9 ! developm5t ( nut culture 9 ! /ate4 ,!re is a great deal ( l& n[ idle 9 ! =m ( /eep hillsides or ridges or rocky slopes ^u :i* we may gr[ ) comp>ative ease our walnuts1 butt]-nuts1 hickories1 hazelnuts1 9 ! wild =m at lea/4 ,! fact t ! /ate is 9 really r s]i\s condition f9ancially %\ld be a /rong reason = our association to urge ^u ! f>m]s ( ! /ate ! plant+ ( nut-be>+ trees t ! returns f ! f>ms may be increas$ by annual sales ( nuts :i* %\ld 9 ! aggregate 9 ! next fifty ye>s be a l>ge sum ( money4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t ! total debt ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 t is1 ! /ate1 c\nty & municipal debts1 are equal to #dg = e acre ( l&1 good & bad4 ,on top ( ?is condition ! legislature la/ ye> laid a direct tax ( eighte5 millions ( doll>s ^u our p1 & !re is e indication t x w be sev]al ye>s be=e x becomes unnecess>y to lay a direct tax ei!r l>g] or small] ?an t put ^u u la/ ye>4 ,!re is ev]-increas+ competition among ! f>m]s ( ! /ate z ! /&>ds 9 animal1 milk & fruit production are ev] increas+4 ,9 view ( ! am\nt ( idle l& & ( our f9ancial condition x seems to be an unusually opportune "t = ^? int]e/$ 9 nut culture to br+ be=e ! f>m]s & o!r l&[n]s ( ! /ate ! idea ( plant+ nut trees1 ! products ( :i* w add to ! annual income f ! l&4 ,! ,/ate ( ,new ,york is ,some:at ,ignorant ( ! ,value ( its ,=e/ ,l&s ,:5 ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,college ( ,=e/ry at ,syracuse began its /udies ( =e/ conditions 9 ,new ,york 9 #aiaa x turn$ its att5tion imm$iately to ! v l>ge areas ( f>m woodlots & woodl&s )9 f>ms4 ,!re has be5 a good deal ( g5]al in=mation curr5t among our p reg>d+ ! =e/ conditions ( ! /ate1 b !re is really v little accurate in=mation except su* little z ! college has secur$ s9ce #aiaa4 ,z a fir/ /ep 9 ! tak+ ( /ock ( our =e/ res\rces & especially ! am\nt ( timb] 9 our f>m woodlots & :at is com+ f ^! woodlots 9 ! way ( annual return to _! own]s1 ! ,/ate ,college ( ,=e/ry 9 #aiab began1 9 co-op]ation ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,=e/ ,s]vice1 a /udy ( ! wood-us+ indu/ries ( ! /ate4 ,?is /udy has result$ 9 a v compreh5sive bullet9 issu$ by ! ,college ( ,=e/ry ^u ! wood-us+ indu/ries ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,f ^! /udies x 0 det]m9$ = ! fir/ "t t ,new ,york 0 sp5d+ annually ov] n9ety-five millions ( doll>s = products ( ! =e/4 ,un=tunately = ! /ate1 we are s5d+ ov] fifty millions ( doll>s ( ?is va/ am\nt out into o!r /ates to ! s\? & to ! we/ = timb] :i* ,new ,york is capable ( produc+ 9 am\nt1 at lea/1 9 its =e/s & on its idle l&s4 ,! report %[s fur!r t ,new ,york is produc+ v l>ge quantities ( p9e & hemlock & ! h>dwoods1 &1 mu* to ! surprise ( ^? int]e/$ 9 =e/ conditions 9 ! /ate1 x 0 %[n t a l>ge proportion ( ! h>dwoods come f ! woodlots 9 ! f>ms ( ! /ate4 ,?is w\ld seem to indicate t !re is a real opportunity = ! gr[+ ( su* h>dwood timb] z black walnut1 butt]nut1 & hickory1 n only on ! idle l&s ( ! /ate :i* are n cov]$ ) =e/ n[1 b also 9 ! woodlots ( ! f>ms4 ,t is1 x w\ld n be a difficult matt] to %[ ! f>m]s ?r\gh publications & possibly ?r\gh public lectures t x w\ld be v advantage\s to !m to favor nut-gr[+ trees & to plant !m :]e !y are n n[ gr[+1 bo? because ( ! value ( ! nuts :i* !y produce & ( ! value ( _! wood4 ,if ! p ( a great /ate l ,new ,york are m or less ignorant ( ! ext5t & value ( _! =e/ hold+s1 h[ mu* m ignorant are !y ( ! "* & ! value ( a p>ticul> species :i* make up _! =e/ l&s4 ,h[ few p are able to g into ! =e/ & say t ?is tree is a %agb>k hickory or t t is a butt]nut or t t is a r$ p9e1 & if ?is is ! case1 z y w agree ) me t x is1 is x n "t t propag&i/ or g5]al educational "w be done t w br+ =cibly to ! att5tion ( ! wage-e>n]s ( ! /ate t x is a f9ancial necessity = ! /ate to consid] bett] use ( its =e/ l&s1 s t all ( ! soils ( ,new ,york may %>e 9 ! burd5 ( ! support ( ! commonweal? r ?an a few ( ! soils :i* are n[ be+ giv5 up to agricultural use8 ,! wage-e>n] %\ld "k also t nuts us$ z food are conducive to heal? & t possibly a m ext5sive use ( nuts ) less ( meat w mean a consid]able diff]5ce ov] a p]iod ( a ye> 9 ! am\nt t is sav$ 9 ! liv+ exp5ses ( an individual or a family4 ,x is (t5 difficult = ! =e/] to int]e/ ! av]age f>m] 9 ! plant+ ( trees1 ev5 ?\gh ^? trees may add to ! beauty & value ( ! f>m or ! com=t ( ! home build+s1 b y\r organization w make a place = itself mo/ decid$ly if x w g to ! f>m] or to a gr\p ( f>m]s & %[ !m t !y c actually save money 9 ! pur*ase ( _! ne$$ lumb] & wood ( o!r k9ds if !y w cut _! woodlots co-op]atively & produce 9 ! woodlots trees ( greate/ possible value & trees :i* w give su* by-products z nuts z well z direct returns f ! lumb]4 ,j z soon z y c rea* ! pocket-book ( ! av]age wage-e>n]1 x makes little diff]5ce :e!r x is nuts or books or clo?+1 !y are go+ to be int]e/$ 9 a ?+ t w all[ !m to get m = ! am\nt :i* !y make f _! day's labor4 ,! ,association ,may ,accompli% ,mu* by ,demon/rat+ ! ,value ( ,nut ,trees z ,trees & ! ,value ( ,_! ,products z ,food ,_m organizations 9 our ,ea/]n ,/ates are becom+ int]e/$ 9 ! beautification ( communities & ! trem5d\s developm5t 9 ! use ( ! automobile is int]e/+ ev5 m organizations 9 ! beautification ( rural highways4 ,x w\ld n be a difficult ?+ = ! ,nut ,gr[]s ,association to int]e/ civic associations or wom5's clubs 9 ! plant+ n only ( =e/ trees alone along rural highways b a c]ta9 numb] ( nut trees4 ,we are lit]ally 9 ! age ( ! ,movie & if a man :o walks or drives along our highways c see z he passes ! gr[+ nut trees & ! b\ntiful h>ve/ :i* !y may be made to yield1 he is be+ conv9c$ t n only elm & maple are ( value along our highways1 b t ! nut-produc+ trees may give equal satisfaction 9 beauty ( =m & com=t ( %ade & at ! same "t yield fruit ( v def9ite value4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! fruit ( ! nut-be>+ trees ( our woodl&s & highways may n give an annual return to ! t[n or village or c\nty x w br+ immeasurable joy & possibly bett] heal? to ! boys & girls ( ! future4 ,9 _m ways ! *ildr5 ( ?is c\ntry are educat+ _! p>5ts & x is n an impossible idea to ?9k ( ! p>5ts ( ! future be+ conv]t$ by ! influ5ce ( _! *ildr5 to ! desirability if n ! necessity ( gr[+ trees & nut trees1 ! fruit ( :i* w give pleasant heal?fulness & at ! same "t aid 9 ! sav+ ( ! daily wage & 9 ! support ( ! commonweal?4 ,i wi% to emphasize ?is idea ( consid]+ n alone ! f9ancial return f ! trees & ! =e/s ( ?is /ate4 ,z ! son ( a lumb]man & z a =e/] ,i am1 ( c\rse1 mo/ vitally int]e/$ 9 ! gr[+ ( trees z a bus9ess proposition1 b ,i feel t su* an organization z y\rs1 especially1 %\ld look at ?is matt] n alone f actual f9ancial returns1 b because ( indirect b5efits su* z ! mak+ ( outdoor p ( u ,am]icans4 ,?is c be done1 ,i believe1 to a v consid]able ext5t by giv+ our p1 especially ! boys & girls1 a purpose = gett+ out into ! woodlot & ! =e/s :]ev] !y occur 9 ! /ate4 ,! wom5 ( ?is /ate are int]e/$ vitally ^! days n only 9 _! own welf>e z possible citiz5s1 b 9 ! improv+ ( liv+ conditions & opportunities ( our p4 ,we %\ld h m wom5 int]e/$ 9 ! "w ( ?is association & int]e/$ 9 see+ t ! future value ( nuts is appreciat$ by ! wage-e>n]s ( ! /ate1 bo? because ( _! heal?fulness & because ( ! possibility ( *eap5+ some:at ! co/ ( liv+4 ,i urge ^u ! organization a campaign ( education1 a campaign :i* w rea* ?r\gh ! wom5's clubs1 civic organizations1 s*ools & /ate associations 9 a way t w cause ! p to dem& m nuts = food & m nut trees z an absolutely indisp5sable "p ( ! complete utilization ( bo? ! agricultural & =e/ soils ( ! /ate4 ,! ag5cies work+ = agriculture & =e/ry 9 a /ate l ,new ,york und]/& ^! problems1 b (t5 x rema9s = an organization l y\rs to br+ ^! =ces into active play & to produce ! results = :i* y are work+4 ,be=e y c a*ieve la/+ results & results comm5surate ) ! "t & ef=t :i* y are putt+ into ! organization1 y mu/ get hold ( ! man & ! woman :o sp5d ! doll>s = ! liv+ ( our p4 ,! ,/ate ,college ( ,=e/ry at ,syracuse ,exp]im5t+ ) ,nut ,culture ,soon aft] ! organization ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,=e/ ,exp]im5t ,/ation s\? ( ,syracuse ! college took up ! matt] ( gr[+ nut trees & ( improv+ ! quality ( nuts ( native species4 ,on ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,=e/ ,exp]im5t ,/ation j s\? ( ,syracuse1 :]e ! college is gr[+ a million =e/ trees a ye>1 !re is a woodlot ( ?irty acres4 ,9 ?is woodlot 7 a numb] ( native nut trees & ^! h be5 set aside = ! purpose ( graft+ & improv+ to see :at c be done 9 help+ out native nut trees ( diff]5t ages & sizes4 ,9 #aiac ! college pur*as$ a ?\s& acres ( cut-ov] l& two h\rs s\? ( ,buffalo 9 ,catt>augus ,c\nty4 ,at ! same "t x pur*as$ "o hundr$ & ?irte5 acres ly+ along ! ma9 l9e ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railroad at ,*itt5ango 9 ,madison ,c\nty4 ,?is pa/ spr+ nut trees 7 ord]$ f nurs]ies 9 ,p5nsylvania & plant$ 9 ! heavy soils on ! ,*itt5ango ,=e/ ,/ation & also on ! ,/ate ,=e/ ,exp]im5t ,/ation at ,syracuse4 ,at ! ,salamanca /ation "y nut trees are be+ /ak$ s t !y may be protect$ & c>$ = ) a hope ( develop+ !m z nut-produc+ trees4 ,! college plans1 z a "p ( its "w 9 ! ,division ( ,=e/ ,inve/igations1 to see :at c be done 9 ! way ( graft+ *e/nut spr\ts & 9 introduc+ nut-gr[+ trees = ! purpose ( demon/rat+ t idle l&s )9 f>ms may be us$ pr(itably = nut culture4 ,! college w be v glad1 inde$1 to le>n ( any native nut trees ( unusual value any:]e 9 ,new ,york z x is anxi\s to get mat]ial = graft+ to native /ock already gr[+ on its v>i\s =e/ /ations4 ,,dr4 ,,smi?3 ,x 0 an exce$+ly great pleasure to me to li/5 to t address by ! ,dean ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,college ( ,=e/ry4 ,i want to assure y t 8 address m>ks an epo*4 ,he tells u t ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york is go+ to exp]im5t 9 nut gr[+1 give place1 "t & money2 & ?is is :at ,i h be5 long wait+ =4 ,i %all def] my discussion until ?is ev5+1 :5 ,i use ! scre5 & lant]n4 ,i rejoice exce$+ly t ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york is n alone 9 ! m>* ( progress2 ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania is also 9 l9e & comes next on ! program4 ,pr(essor ,fagan has be5 mak+ a survey ( ,p5nsylvania ) p>ticul> ref]5ce to asc]ta9+ :at x has 9 nut trees4 ,he w n[ give u a report4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pr(essor ,,fagan3 ,! ,presid5t has caught me r unprep>$4 ,i did n expect to talk at ?is "t4 ,i _h our walnut survey tabulat$ 9 reg>d to c\nty locations1 s t y c\ld see ! results ( our "w 9 ! /ate ?is pa/ summ]4 ,?is report is 9 my grip s ,i w talk only f memory4 ,! necessity = ?is "w 9 ,p5nsylvania has be5 increas+ "r along4 ,! ,/ate ,exp]im5t ,/ation has be5 receiv+ lett]s ne>ly e week f p>ties want+ in=mation 9 reg>d to ! ,p]sian walnut4 ,! calls = in=mation h be5 increas+ m & m ea* ye> = ! pa/ ?ree ye>s4 ,our p ask que/ions ab\t ! "r k9d ( soils = ! nuts--:at v>ieties are be/ suit$ = ,p5nsylvania--h[ to topwork _! /&+ black walnut--&1 9 fact1 almo/ any "q4 ,! ,exp]im5t ,/ation does n h a nut plantation & x 0 ?\ght be/ to /udy ! gr[+ ,p]sian walnut trees ?r\gh\t ! /ate4 ,a publicity campaign 0 />t$ ?r\gh ! agricultural press & our daily & weekly newspap]s4 ,9 ?is way we h be5 able to le>n ! location ( "s #a1hjj to #b1jjj be>+ trees 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,i tri$ to visit ! trees ?is summ] b "t w\ld n p]mit4 ,trees are report$ 9 tw5ty-five diff]5t c\nties4 ,erie ,c\nty report$1 likely1 ! two l>ge/ plant+s4 ,"h we h two se$l+ groves1 at lea/ "o is a se$l+ grove4 ,! se$l+ grove is f\rte5 ye>s old & conta9s #bej trees4 ,!y are se$l+ ,pom]oy trees & ?is ye> %[ _! fir/ real crop ( nuts4 ,s9ce !y are se$l+s we naturally f9d all types & v>iations among ! trees4 ,we see a diff]5ce 9 _! foliage1 habit ( gr[?1 %ape & size ( nuts4 ,! trees %[ no effects ( ev] hav+ be5 w9t]-kill$4 ,! trees h always be5 f>m$ s ! own]1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,silkirk ( ,nor? ,ea/1 ,pa41 has be5 able to receive returns f 8 l&4 ,grapes & b]ries h be5 gr[n betwe5 ! trees z int]crops4 ,! trees are plant$ on ! corn]s ( a #ej-;foot squ>e & cov] ab\t f\rte5 acres4 ,9 f\r diff]5t c\nties ( ! m\nta9 section ( ! /ate1 be>+ trees are to be f\nd4 ,f ^! trees we hope to f9d some?+ at lea/ fairly good b above t some?+ h>dy4 ,"s ( ^! trees h be5 w9t]-kill$ to a m or less degree1 b s h ! common pea* trees 9 ! same sections4 ,! s\!a/]n "p ( ! /ate reports ! l>ge/ numb] ( trees4 ,f ,h>risburg ea/ & s\? ! trees become m common4 ,9 ?is section we f9d ,dauph91 ,adams1 ,york1 ,lanca/]1 ,*e/]1 ,philadelphia1 ,bucks1 ,lebanon1 ,lehigh & ,b]ks c\nties4 ,9 ^! c\nties ! ,p]sian walnut is n at all uncommon4 ,!y are (t5 call$ ,dut* nuts z well z ,engli% walnuts4 ,j nor? ( ! above section we f9d ,nor?ampton ,c\nty report+ a l>ge numb] ( trees1 & ev5 9 ! ,wilkes-,b>re & ,scranton section ) a high] elevation ! nut is gr[+ & yield+ good crops4 ,i ask$ ne>ly all walnut tree own]s :e!r or n !y ?\ght ! bus9ess c\ld be develop$1 & 9 mo/ cases !y believ$ x possible4 ,i h come to m or less ( ! conclusion f :at ,i h be5 able to see1 t ! bus9ess w n be develop$ 9 our s-call$ m\nta9 l& or ^u ! wa/e l&s4 ,! bett] soil %\ld be us$ = ! walnut groves4 ,z "t goes on we are go+ to f9d m & m groves ( ! nuts be+ plant$ 9 our /ate4 ,i came "h to le>n r ?an to lecture4 ,if ,i c answ] any "q ,i w be glad to d s4 ,tonight ,i w gladly %[ y a few pictures ) ! lant]n4 ,i might say t ! ,exp]im5t ,/ation plans to h a small grove 9 a few ye>s2 ) ?is & co-op]ative "w we hope to be able to give to our gr[]s & int]e/$ p "s idea ( ! culture & c>e ( ! ,p]sian walnut 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i don't l to speak s (t5 "h1 b x is 9 ! _s ( sett+ a pace r ?an ( giv+ expression to my own views4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i w\ld l to ask ,pr(essor ,fagan if he has look$ up ! matt] ( ! introduction ( any ( ! ori5tal walnuts into ,p5nsylvania4 ,accord+ to ! k ( ! botani/s1 all species ( plants f ! nor!a/]n ,ori5t are bett] adapt$ to ! ea/]n /ates ( ,am]ica ?an are any trees f ! c5tral or we/]n portions ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,pacific coa/ plants d well 9 ,engl&1 b n 9 ,new ,engl& z a rule4 ,next ,i w\ld sugge/1 apropos ( ! nature ( ! se$l+ or*>d report$ by ! la/ speak]1 t no nut tree ( any sort be sold "u a v>ietal "n = propagation1 except+ t x be accompani$ by ! /atem5t t x is a se$l+4 ,?is is p]fectly prop] & fair to all p>ties4 ,go+ back to ! rem>ks ( ,pr(essor ,bak]1 a numb] ( v int]e/+ po9ts arose4 ,"o reason :y ! great wa/e l&s ( ! /ate h n be5 cov]$ ) =e/s ( nut trees is because we mu/ leave some?+ = ! p :o are to come #e1jjj ye>s aft] u4 ,we mu/ n accompli% ev]y?+ 9 civilization ?is ye>4 ,be g5]\s2 leave some?+ = o!rs to accompli% lat]4 ,nut trees gr[n 9 =e/ =m say to !mselves3 ,"h are trees en\gh4 ,we %all /ore up cellulose4 ,!re=e ! trees /ore up cellulose1 make great trunks & timb]1 & little fruit4 ,a nut tree on ! o!r h& :i* is gr[+ alone 9 a field says1 ,"h are n trees en\gh4 ,i %all be fruitful1 & !re=e x be>s mu* fruit4 ,consequ5tly1 nut trees to be gr[n z =e/ are out ( ! "q z nut produc]s1 b may be v valuable = timb]4 ,9 reg>d to sett+ out trees along ! highways1 t is a beautiful idea !oretically4 ,i happ5 to see "o ( my neighbors 9 ,connecticut "h 9 ! audi5ce4 ,he rememb]s :5 ,i tri$ to be public-spirit$ & set out a numb] ( fruit trees ar\nd ! bord]s ( my place1 9 ord] t ! pass]by might h "s fruit4 ,:at happ5$ 0 t n only ! pass]by want$ fruit1 b he want$ x e>ly1 & he br\ght o!rs f a di/ance :o want$ fruit4 ,!y broke d[n ! trees1 & also ent]$ my premises & c>ri$ (f my private supply hav+ be5 attract$ by my roadside bait4 ,i want$ to beautify ! highway = a mile & set out #c1jjj p9e trees4 ,aft] !y _h gr[n to look pretty1 p came 9 automobiles & c>ri$ !m (f4 ,^! p c\ld n ?9k ( help+ to set out roadside trees b :5 someone else _h done x !y came & lugg$ (f ! trees4 ,s long z we are 9 a semi-civiliz$ /ate1 we _c talk ab\t beautify+ our roads1 z does ,g]many4 ,g]many has set an example ( effici5cy = ! entire _w1 no matt] :at y\r op9ion may be z to ! pres5t conflict4 ,at ! pres5t "t %e is p]haps believ+ t %e is c>ry+ on a utility crusade4 ,"o ( ! ,g]man me?ods is to l9e ! roadways ) fruit-be>+ trees1 includ+ nut trees1 9 su* a way t ! income pays ! taxes = "s villages4 ,b !y are "u gov]nm5t control4 ,,mr4 ,,pom]oy3 ,dr4 ,morris's sugge/ion is v good 9 reg>d to m>k+ se$l+s4 ,( c\rse 8 (fice is 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ?\gh 8 f>m is 9 ,connecticut & ,new ,york has a law :i* fills ! bill4 ,a cu/om] c get a complete hi/ory ( ! tree f 8 nurs]yman4 ,if f a b>r5 tree1 he mu/ s /ate4 ,i ?9k ?is /ate is ab\t ! only /ate t has su* a law4 ,"o o!r ?+4 ,! fir/ big battle f\ght betwe5 ! ,g]mans & ! ,belgians 0 on a highway along t5 miles ( :i* /ood ,p]sian walnut trees1 & ,i h (t5 wond]$ h[ mu* damage 0 done to ! trees4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,i w ask ! secret>y to read ! motion ,dr4 ,morris incorporat$ 9 8 talk4 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,no ungraft$ nut tree ( any sort %all be s5t out "u a "n = propagation purposes except ) ! /atem5t t x is a se$l+4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,t is a matt] :i* ,i imag9e w come be=e ! executive committee1 & ,i w\ld sugge/ t x be left 9 _! h&s & work$ out by !m4 ,) ,dr4 ,morris's cons5t ,i w\ld ref] ?is to t committee4 ,,mr4 ,,pom]oy3 ,j because a tree has be5 graft$1 :y is all ?is necess>y8 ,! nurs]yman is b\nd to tell f :at x is tak54 ,t is cov]$ by ! law4 ,he ne$ n be ev5 a buy]1 m]ely a prospective buy]4 ,:at ,i want to br+ out is ?is4 ,suppose a nurs]yman "h 9 ?is /ate sells a tree1--he mu/ h a p]mit be=e he c d x2 he _c s5d ev5 a twig ?r\gh ! po/ (fice o!rwise4 ,i don't see if a bud is tak5 f a tree & put on a black walnut tree t x necess>ily makes ! bud t gr[s on ! black walnut tree any bett] ?an ! p>5t4 ,,dean ,,bak]3 ,i told y ,i want$ to raise a discussion on ?is subject4 ,i really am a dy$-9-!-wool optimi/4 ,i am will+ to sacrifice "s nut trees to laboratory purposes = ! b5efit ( our "y m54 ,we want ! individuals to pr(it by ! education4 ,?is %\ld be an educational society4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,i w ask ! vice-presid5t to take ! *air4 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,at ! la/ meet+ a committee 0 appo9t$ to report on ! ,p]sian walnut1 ( :i* committee ! presid5t 0 ! *airman1 & w make 8 report at ?is "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,ladies & ,g5tlem53 ,i ?9k y appreciate ! *aos at ! pres5t mom5t 9 ! /atus ( inve/igation ( ! ,p]sian walnut4 ,:5 ,pr(essor ,fagan reports t ! numb] ( trees 9 ,p5nsylvania exce$s #b1jjj1 mo/ ( :i* he has n se51 ?is *aos is evid5t4 ,! v>ieties propagat$ 9 ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates are exp]im5ts4 ,i h done no?+ t w comp>e ) ,mr4 ,fagan's "w1 b h f\nd c]ta9 int]e/+ facts4 ,fir/3 ,i f\nd 9 ,m>yl& a ,p]sian walnut :i* does n come into leaf until ,june4 ,:5 ! *]ries are ripe1 x is j com+ into leaf2 & x has borne regul>ly = fifte5 ye>s4 ,:ile go+ ?r\gh ! or*>ds at ,gr5oble 9 ,france1 ,i ask$ a man ,:at is ! matt] ) t tree8 ,?is 0 on ,june #i?4 ,!re is no?+ ! matt]1 he told me1 x is only com+ into leaf4 ,i want to call y\r att5tion to possibilities ( a hybrid ( t tree & ! ,m>yl& tree4 ,! ,p]sian walnuts ( ! ,gr5oble tree 7 ( good quality1 b l[ yield4 ,! ,m>yl& tree is a heavy yield] b ( ?ird quality4 ,9 ?is matt] ( v>iety1 ,i want to emphasize ,dr4 ,morris's po9t ( ! great possibilities ( ! ori5tal walnut4 ,great results are likely to be atta9$ f ! introduction ( ^! species into ,p5nsylvania1 ,new ,york & else:]e 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,second3 ,:at is a good walnut8 ,!y may be divid$ into ?ree qualities3 #a4 ,positively sweet4 #b4 ,neutral4 #c4 ,^? ) a little bitt]ness 9 ! sk9 ( ! k]nel1 :i* develops z y ma/icate ! k]nel4 ,mo/ ( ^? :i* di/+ui% !mselves = good yield "h 9 ! ,ea/ are un=tunately ( ! ?ird class4 ,i h tak5 samples ( ^! to comm]cial deal]s4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ walnut buy]s 9 ,philadelphia classifies ! ,gr5obles z fir/ class4 ,! ,cali=nia crop he classes second quality b pays m = x4 ,mo/ ( ! ,cali=nia quality is second class4 ,ea/]n nuts are mo/ly ?ird class4 ,i f\nd "o 9 ,new ,j]sey :i* 0 almo/ fir/ class4 ,fir/ quality apples are n gr[n = ! m>ket4 ,!y are consum$ by ! gr[]s4 ,!y "k ! m>ket w\ld n pay = !m4 ,!y sell mo/ly ! second & ?ird class apples4 ,! pres5t m>ket = nuts is l ! apple m>ket4 ,! nut deal] told me to s5d along nuts1 l sev]al ea/]n samples1 & he w\ld sell !m1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 ?ird quality4 ,he has assur$ me t if he _h ! nuts he c\ld sell !m4 ,inve/igate e good nut tree y he> ab\t4 ,v good results may come f ?is4 ,y don't "k :at y may le>n by do+ s4 ,if y w ask ab\t x e "t y he> ( a good nut tree1 good w be accompli%$4 ,we are go+ to keep on f9d+ ^! trees = ! next tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,w y help ! process along8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,pom]oy3 ,9 ! small] t[ns1 :]e ! groc]y m5 buy ( ! boys1 if !y w ask !m ab\t ! trees f :i* !y get good nuts y w locate _m good trees4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i und]/& 9 ,cali=nia !y h be5 plant+ walnut trees = ?irty to =ty ye>s b h nev] yet agre$ on ! matt] ( v>ieties4 ,"o ( ! v practical que/ions be=e ?is association is ! det]m9ation ( ! be/ v>ieties to set4 ,i w\ld l to he> f "s ( ! memb]s on ?is "q ( v>ieties4 ,,mr4 ,,ru%3 ,i w\ld l to say a ^w ab\t ?is matt]4 ,we _c be too sev]e on quality4 ,we might ask ourselves today :at is ! matt] ) ! pea* crop4 ,! physical *anges & conditions are responsible n only = ! pea* crop1 b ! nut crop z well4 ,! wea!r has un=tunate effects on c]ta9 v>ieties ( ! walnut4 ,s we mu/ make all[ance = wea!r conditions4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,excuse me = butt+ 9 s (t54 ,i %\ld l to ask ,mr4 ,ru% a "q4 ,i highly respect 8 judgm5t4 ,if he 7 plant+ a walnut or*>d ( #ejj trees 9 ! latitude betwe5 ,philadelphia & ,wa%+ton1 ,i %\ld l to "k :at v>ieties he w\ld plant & 9 :at proportion8 ,,mr4 ,,ru%3 ,well1 t is a "q t w\ld require a little consid]ation4 ,n[ we h "s v good v>ieties4 ,y h a v good v>iety kn[n z ! ,hold54 ,i w\ld l to "k m ( x4 ,"o ,i w\ld *oose w\ld be ! ,nebo1 & ano!r orig9at+ on my place1 & call$ ! ,ru%1 is productive & good quality & a mo/ excell5t poll5iz]4 ,we h ano!r f9e walnut 9 ,adams ,c\nty1 introduc$ by ,john ,g>retson1 f ,cali=nia4 ,!n we h o!r types1 ! ,lanca/]1 & ! ,alp9e4 ,hall1 9 ,erie ,c\nty is not$ = its good size1 n /rictly a comm]cial nut4 ,some?+ l ! ,hold51 ,g>retson & ,ru% ,p>isi5ne are my favorite v>ieties4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i ?9k we are gett+ "s really valuable in=mation n[4 ,we mu/ plant ! be/ v>ieties we h4 ,i ?9k we might />t ) ,mr4 ,ru%'s li/ & h ! v>ieties analyz$4 ,i ?9k ?is w be ( use :5 we are call$ ^u to advise p4 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,if ,i 7 go+ to make a *oice ( ! v>ieties ( walnuts1 ,i %\ld "n ! ,franquette1 ,mayette & ,p>isi5ne4 ,mr4 ,ru% says t 8 ,ru% v>iety is practically a ,p>isi5ne4 ,! ,g>retson walnuts seem to be ( ^! v>ieties4 ,^! h be5 produc+ good crops ( nuts4 ,x is my op9ion t at ?is "t ^! are ! mo/ promis+ v>ieties = use 9 ! ,ea/4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,i wi% to say t a tree ( ! ,mayette v>iety or "o greatly resembl+ x has be5 liv+ 9 ,p5nsylvania = fifte5 ye>s & be>+ crops4 ,!re is little d\bt t ! ,mayette is ! be/ walnut on ! m>ket4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,well1 is !re any?+ really surpris+1 :5 y consid] ! orig9 ( ^! trees8 ,^! v>ieties orig9ally came f ! ,gr5oble di/rict 9 ,france4 ,france lies nor? ( ! #db;d p>allel4 ,?is is ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,p5nsylvania & runs ?r\gh ,mi*igan4 ,b ,france has a m>itime climate4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,if ,i may act z geograph] = a mom5t1 !re are two ?+s 9 connection ) ! =eign climate4 ,! m>itime climate is cool] 9 summ] & mild] 9 w9t]4 ,ov] "h fungus invasion does great h>m b ! climate !re is detrim5tal to ! fungi & keeps !m 9 subjection4 ,i call att5tion aga9 to t ,mayette 9 ,p5nsylvania = sixte5 ye>s1 z a matt] ( fact1 n !ory1 an a*ievem5t on :i* we c act ) "s c]ta9ty4 ,! h\r = adj\rnm5t has come4 ,?is aft]noon at #a3cj we h be5 invit$ to visit nut trees 9 ! neighborhood 9 automobiles k9dly loan$ = ! occasion4 ,tonight at #h we meet "h aga94 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,i want to say a ^w 9 reg>d to ,mr4 ,bak]'s rem>ks4 ,! purpose ( ?is association is *iefly educational1 b 9 ord] t we may be educational1 & 9 ord] t we may give ! man 9 ! /reet "s def9ite in=mation1 9 response to 8 inquiries1 we ourselves mu/ fir/ inve/igate ^! matt]s1 su* z ! "q ( v>ieties4 ,?is is a po9t t appeals to me p>ticul>ly4 ,p ask me :at nuts to plant1 & h[ to plant !m4 ,we mu/ advise !m4 ,"o ?+ t we may tell !m is t x is advisable to plant ab\t ! gr\nds high pric$1 graft$ nut trees4 ,x is n advisable to plant high class1 graft$ trees along f5ces or roads4 ,!y w usually d badly or fail4 ,graft$ trees require c>eful att5tion & prop] treatm5t4 ,! prop] ?+ to d along f5ces & roadsides is to graft ! native nut trees already e/abli%$ !re1 or to plant native nuts abundantly 9 ord] t lat] we may h e/abli%$ nut trees to graft4 ,adj\rnm5t at #ab3cj ,p4,m4 ,,w$nesday ,,ev5+ ,,session ,! ev5+ session 0 call$ to ord] at #h3dj ,p4,m4 by ,presid5t ,smi?4 ,! total att5dance ( ! ev5+ 0 approximately "o hundr$4 ,! ev5+ 0 devot$ to two /]eopticon lectures1 ! fir/ be+ slides by ,pr(essor ,fagan1 illu/rat+ ! lecture ( ! aft]noon on ! ,nut ,survey ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by an illu/rat$ lecture by ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?1 ,presid5t ( ! ,association4 ,,new ,,tree ,,crops ,,& ,a ,,new ,,agriculture ,,presid5tial ,,address ,,dr4 ,j4 ,,russell ,,smi?1 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,p5nsylvania ,we h all he>d ( ! sci5ti/ :o made a discov]y & exclaim$1 ,?ank ,god6 ,?is c't be ( any possible use to anybody6 ,?is useless aspect ( sci5ce 9 a _w ) s _m possibilities ( s]vice does n appeal to me4 ,i hope t sci5ce & s]vice & utility may g h& 9 h&4 ,! cons]vation ( natural res\rces1 ! creation ( new ones is a topic :i* comb9es ! qualities ( sci5ce1 s]vice & utility4 ,( all our res\rces ! soil is ! mo/ vital4 ,mo/ ( ! o!rs h "s possibility ( sub/itution1 b = ! soil !re is no sub/itute4 ,! =e/ burn$ to de/ruction c rise aga9 if ! soil rema9s4 ,"s exam9ation w %[ t ! mo/ vital "p ( ! :ole cons]vation matt] is ! pres]vation ( ! soil1 & t soil cons]vation is #ii p] c5t ! prev5tion ( erosion4 ,soil robb]y by unsci5tific agriculture c g to its mo/ extreme l5g?s & r$uce ! soil to ! dep?s ( non-productivity2 b sci5tific agriculture c1 by ! addition ( humus & "s f]tiliz]1 soon re/ore su* soil to high f]tility4 ,9 ^! conditions ( exhau/ion ! loss to f]tility by soil lea*+ is small1 because ( ! non-soluble "* ( ! e>? p>ticles4 ,?us exp]im5ts at ,cornell h %[n t 9 ! av]age foot ( top soil f r unproductive f>ms 9 a l[ /ate ( production1 !re 0 plant food suffici5t = #f1jjj crops ( corn4 ,we h all se5 a s+le ?und] %[] remove f a hillside corn field ! f]tility adequate = ! mak+ ( a hundr$ crops ( corn4 ,am]ican agriculture is peculi>ly soil de/ructive4 ,?ree ( our greate/ money crops--corn1 cotton & tobacco--require t ! e>? %all1 ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 be loose & ev5 furr[$ ) ! cultivator1 :i* prep>es ! gr\nd = wa%+ away1 & by its furr[ />ts ! gully4 ,! second factor 9 ?is peculi>ly de/ructive agriculture is ! fact ( our emphasis ( ra9fall 9 summ]4 ,?ird 9 ! li/ ( factors ( de/ruction is ! ra9fall unit1 ! ?und] %[]1 :i* dumps wat]1 hundr$s ( tons p] h\r on e hillside acre4 ,a little exam9ation ( ! facts & c>eful inclusion ( ! "t elem5t w %[ t ! old-_w say+1 ,aft] man ! des]t is q z true 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z 9 ,europe & ,asia1 :]e x has be5 s fe>fully prov5 9 ! seats ( anci5t empire4 ,?is soil res\rce de/ruction f erosion leads to ! de/ruction ( o!r valuable res\rces4 ,we appe> to be ^u ! eve ( an epo* ( wat]way con/ruction & exp]im5t4 ,! greate/ injury to wat]ways is *annel fill+ by d[n-wa%$ mud4 ,pittsburgh has be5 prais$ highly = ! en]getic action ( h] ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce & citiz5s 9 appropriat+ money = ! c>eful survey ( dra9age bas9s above ! riv]1 ) ! idea ( obta9+ k prep>atory to ! build+ ( res]voirs to *eck floods4 ,!y h =ty-?ree res]voir sites1 & ! e>ly con/ruction ( n9ete5 ( ^! res]voirs is recomm5d$4 ,a "p ( ! res]voir plan1 h[ev]1 is t ! l& above x %all n be cultivat$2 o!rwise ! erosion f ! till$ fields w promptly fill up ! res]voirs1 z ! pres5t condition ( _m ea/]n mill dams s emphatically atte/s4 ,! c>ry+ out1 !re=e1 ( ! ,pittsburgh res]voir plan necessitates ! exodus ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( f>m]s & ! re/riction ( _m f>m+ communities to =e/ or a new type ( agriculture4 ,we _c sp>e all ?is l& f tillage4 ,b =tunately1 !re are o!r ways ( us+ x4 ,l& ea/ ( ! #ajj? m]idian may be divid$ into ?ree classes3 ,fir/1 :i* 9 ! abs5ce ( bett] e/imate cov]s "o ?ird ( ! area1 is hopeless = agriculture because ( hills & rocks4 ,?is is mo/ly n[ 9 r poor =e/s4 ,! second class1 also cov]+ "o ?ird--by ! same e/imate--has be5 cle>$ = agriculture1 b is s hilly & erod$ z to be 9 a l[ /ate ( f]tility & production4 ,! ?ird class1 ! rema9+ ?ird ( ! l&1 is suit$ to ! pl[ & %\ld be pl[$ & cultivat$ mu* m int5sively ?an x n[ is4 ,= ! fir/ & second classes ( l& we ne$ a new type ( agriculture1 ! crop-yield+ trees4 ,our agriculture1 :i* dep5ds s l>gely n[ ^u ^? memb]s ( ! grass family :i* we call gra9s1 is ! result ( accid5t1 n ! result ( sci5ce4 ,at ! dawn ( hi/ory man _h practically all ( ^! small gra9s1 :i* h probably result$ f ! selection & se$ sav+ ( ! primitive woman1 z ! race came up f savag]y into agriculture4 ,?is primitive woman 9 select+ plants = h] g>d5 & little field1 did n pick out ! be/ ( nature1 or ! mo/ productive1 or ! ultimately mo/ promis+2 %e pick$ annuals because !y gave ! quicke/ return4 ,& man has left alone & practically unimprov$ = all ^! ?\s&s ( ye>s ne>ly all ! great eng9es ( nature1 ! crop-yield+ trees1 su* z ! walnut1 hickory1 pecan1 acorn yield+ oak1 *e/nut1 bee*1 p95ut1 hazel1 honey locu/1 mesquite1 screw bean1 c>ob1 mulb]ry1 p]simmon1 paw-paw1 etc41 because _! sl[ gr[? has det]r$ u f any attempts at improv+ !m4 ,we h dep5d$ ^u & greatly improv$ ! quick gr[+ gra9s1 :i* sp5d mo/ ( _! %ort life 9 putt+ up a frame "w :i* promptly p]i%es2 :]eas ! tree endures l a manufactur+ plant4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 mo/ ( ! gra9s h a p]iod ( crisis1 dur+ :i* !y mu/ receive wat] or ! h>ve/ is almo/ a failure4 ,?us corn mu/ )9 a %ort p]iod receive moi/ure1 or x is too late to produce ev5 husks4 ,yet trees are ! great eng9es ( nature4 ,! mazz>d *]ry tree1 gr[+ wild ?r\gh\t ! s\!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 (t5 yields tw5ty bu%els ( fruit4 ,fifty bu%els & upw>ds are (t5 obta9$ f ! mature apple trees4 ,! walnut yields its bu%els1 ! p]simmon breaks ) fruit4 ,europe %[s u an agriculture mak+ consid]able use ( crop-yield+ trees o!r ?an ! ord9>y fruits4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,cook1 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 is ! au?ority = ! /atem5t t ,m$it]ranean agriculture began on ! basis ( tree crops1 & !re are n[ ab\t tw5ty-five su* crops 9 ! ,m$it]ranean bas94 ,! oak tree furni%es five1 cork b>k1 an ink produc+ gall :i* ent]s into ! manufacture ( all our ink1 ! ,valonia1 or tann9-yield+ acorn1 :i* is an important export f ! ,balkan /ates2 ! truffle wor? sev]al million doll>s to ,france2 & la/ly ! acorn4 ,9 ! ,bala]ic ,isles1 ,i am in=m$1 c]ta9 acorns are m priz$ ?an *e/nuts & ! trees yield+ !m are graft$ l apples1 & ! pork] is turn$ out to make 8 liv+ pick+ up acorns :]e !y fall1 & enri*+ 8 diet ) a special k9d ( fig gr[n 9 ! same way = 8 use4 ,we ,am]icans are too indu/ri\s2 we insi/ ^u putt+ a pig 9 a p5 & !n wait+ ^u him4 ,! pi/a*io1 ! walnut1 ! filb]t & ! *e/nut are all important tree crops 9 p>ts ( ! ,m$it]ranean c\ntries & _m ,am]ican travel]s h probably se5 ! *e/nut or*>ds ( ,france & ,italy1 :i* ,i h f\nd by exam9ation are able to make ! r\gh & unpl[able m\nta9-side1 bri/l+ ) rocks1 z valuable z ! level black prairies ( ,ill9ois4 ,! natural objection may be rais$ t ! utilization ( s mu* hilly l& 9 fruit & nut-yield+ trees w give su* supplies ( new food t p w refuse to use !m4 ,! above objection is well f\nd$2 b sw9e1 %eep & p\ltry eat :at is giv5 !m4 ,i h an example ( a f>m] ( ,l\isiana1 :o plant$ a hillside to mulb]ry trees4 ,! mulb]ries held ! gr\nd 9 place by _! roots & dropp$ _! black h>ve/ to ! gr\nd ?r\gh ?ree mon?s ( summ]1 & ! hogs ga!r$ !m up & conv]t$ !m into pork wor? #ab an acre1 )\t any ef=t on ! "p ( ! own]4 ,! mulb]ry area 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is probably close to a million squ>e miles4 ,ov] mo/ ( ! region s\? ( ,mason & ,dixon's ,l9e ! p]simmon is a hat$ tree we$2 yet x /&s by ! millions 9 fields & f5ce r[s1 fairly b5d+ d[n ) a full crop ( fruit e o!r ye>1 :i* is mu* s\ght aft] by ! opossum & o!r wild animals1 & eat5 :5 possible by ! ,am]ican pork] f ,septemb]1 ! end ( ! mulb]ry season1 until ,m>*1 = ! p]simmon has a habit ( dropp+ its fruit ?r\gh ! long w9t] p]iod4 ,! oak ^: acorns probably made ! pig :at he is1 is almo/ neglect$ 9 ,am]ica2 yet = ages ! ,indians ( ! ,pacific coa/ h made _! bread f acorns ( two species ( oak1 "o ( :i* is n[ ga!r$ by ! f>m]s ( ,cali=nia1 put into _! b>ns & b\ght & sold z /ock food4 ,! bee*nut & ! hickory nut are ri* & mu* priz$ sw9e food4 ,legumes1 ( :i* !re are _m species1 c be gr[n betwe5 nut-yield+ trees to ma9ta9 ! f]tility ( ! soil ?r\gh ! nitrog5 ga!r+ nodules ^u _! roots4 ,z x (t5 seems desirable to cultivate trees ( ?is "* :]e possible1 ! tree crops agriculturi/ is above all o!rs able to adju/ 8 crop & ! "o device t p]mits ! tillage ( hilly l&--t]rac+4 ,t]races int]f]e ) ma*9]y :i* is s increas+ly ess5tial 9 ! cultivation & h>ve/+ ( ! pres5t crops4 ,b t]rac+ int]f]es lea/ ( all ) ! tree crop agriculture1 because ! trees c /& 9 ! t]race r[s & make a =tunate comb9ation ( ! heavy yield+ tree crops & ! soil pres]vation ?r\gh t]rac+4 ,we h an int]e/+ example ( tree crop productivity 9 ,hawaii1 :]e ! ag>oba 0 introduc$ f ,p]u 9 ! la/ c5tury4 ,x has n[ spread until x cov]s consid]able area ) =e/s1 & in=mation f ! ,hawaiian ,exp]im5t ,/ation is to ! effect t x is n[ ! ma9/ay ( ! dairy indu/ry ( ! isl&4 ,! annual crop ( f\r tons ( big beans to ! acre c be & is gr\nd into a highly nutriti\s meal food sell+ at #be a ton1 an agriculture :i*1 = ease ( op]ation & ri*ness ( return1 puts ,ill9ois to %ame1 =1 9 addition to ! #ajj wor? ( animal food1 !re is a ton ( wood p] acre e ye>4 ,! tree crop agriculture seems to hold ! possibility ( lett+ ! wor/ ?ird ( our soil 7,class #a z m5tion$ above7 become z productive z ! be/ l& 7,class #c71 :ile 7,class #b7 ! hill l& c probably be d\bl$ 9 productivity4 ,?is is a goal well wor?y ( mu* endeavor on ! "p ( ! plant bre$]4 ,tree crops (f] equal possibilities = ! arid l&4 ,! gra9s ) _! p]iod ( crisis are an unc]ta9 dep5d5ce on l& ( su* unc]ta9 ra9fall z exi/s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates we/ ( ! #ajj? m]idian4 ,?is is atte/$ by ! fact t "s ( ?is l& has be5 settl$ ?ree times & ab&on$ twice to ! wreckage ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( private =tunes4 ,yet ! tree ) its f>-rea*+ roots & ability to /ore en]gy c survive 9 mu* ( ?is area :]e gra9s are s v unc]ta94 ,! mesquite1 yet a tree we$ ov] mu* ( ?is area1 has "o species :i* produces a nutriti\s se$ t has be5 us$ = bread /uff by unkn[n g5]ations ( ,indians4 ,! screw bean1 a legume1 ) a nutriti\s se$1 gr[s f ,el ,paso to ! ,imp]ial ,valley2 :ile ! broad leaf$ honey locu/1 ) a se$ closely ak9 to t ( ! c>ob1 or ,/4 ,john's ,bread1 w also gr[ ov] wide areas 9 ! arid s\?we/4 ,five v>ieties ( ! small b productive wild almond h be5 f\nd by a ,gov]nm5t botani/ gr[+ ^u ! %ores ( ,pyramid ,lake2 :ile ,frank ,my]1 ,plant ,explor] ( ! ,dep>tm5t1 br+s back f ,turke/an acc\nts ( wild almonds produc+ good fruit on m\nta9 slopes ) a ra9fall ( #h in*es a ye>4 ,^! productive plants1 sev]al ( !m legumes1 adju/$ by nature to ?is region1 ) alli$ species 9 o!r cont95ts1 seem to hold be=e ! plant bre$] ! possibilities ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( squ>e miles ( ,we/]n or*>d ranges ( high productivity1 r ?an ! pres5t w\ld-be grass-ranges ( l[ & decl9+ productivity4 ,i believe t ! developm5t ( a tree crop agriculture (f]s "o ( ! greate/ possibilities 9 con/ructive cons]vation ( natural res\rces4 ,individuals _c be dep5d$ ^u to d x4 ,! "w is too sl[4 ,a man might by decades ( "w create species t w\ld be1 if fully utiliz$1 wor? a hundr$ million doll>s a ye> to a /ate l ,p5nsylvania2 yet he w\ld be unable to realize p]sonal ga9 f ! results1 provid$ he _h secur$ !m4 ,in/itutions mu/ d x4 ,x is l ! ,geological ,survey & ! ,c5sus ,bureau & ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ations1 :i* dep5d ^u appropriations4 ,! appropriations dep5d ^u ! realization ( ! importance ( ! "w4 ,!re are int]e/+ examples ( simil> "w already 9 op]ation1 ( :i* ! foll[+ might be m5tion$3 ,! ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation ( ,arizona has />t$ a tw5ty-f\r-ye> s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 bre$+ ! date palm4 ,9 ,nor? ,dakota1 :]e ! blizz>ds kill ne>ly all ! ord9>y fruits1 an exp]im5t] has done mu* "w 9 ! bre$+ ( h>dy /ra9s ( apple1 *]ry & o!r trees4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!n foll[$ a display ( lant]n slides %[+ sc5es f ,spa91 ,portugal1 ,bala]ic ,isl&s1 ,sicily1 ,corsica1 ,italy1 ,alg]ia1 ,tunis1 ,france & s\!rn & c5tral ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is collection ( pictures reveal$ a surpris+ am\nt ( tree crop agriculture already work$ out b ne$+ wid] application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! meet+ adj\rn$ )\t discussion ( ei!r lecture at #aj ,p4,m4 ,,?ursday ,,morn+ ,,session ,! ?ird session ( ! conv5tion 0 call$ to ord] at #i3ej ,a4,m4 ) ! presid5t1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?1 9 ! *air4 ,! op5+ att5dance 0 tw5ty-eight p]sons4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,ow+ to ! fact t bus9ess ne$s to be pr$ige/$1 we h decid$ to po/pone ! am5dm5ts to ! con/itution until ?is ev5+'s session4 ,we ?9k x w take b a %ort "t to discuss !m4 ,resolutions1 in=mal discussion on se$l+s1 ! *e/nut1 & simil> topics w also be br\ght up at t "t4 ,?is morn+'s session1 !re=e1 w be devot$ to ! intellectual1 r ?an ! bus9ess end4 ,i "k ( no subject 9 :i* !re is great] possibility ( secur+ k ?an ! "q ( nuts = ! nor?4 ,a few ye>s ago a fri5d ( m9e wrote me he _h b\ght "s l&1 & 0 plant+ native walnuts 9 ! f5ce corn]s to be topwork$ ) ,engli% walnuts4 ,i wrote him1 recomm5d+ oranges in/ead1 tell+ him he w\ld lose less money4 ,i 0 bas+ ?is advice ^u my own bitt] exp]i5ce4 ,! accumulations ( nut k 9 ! la/ few ye>s & ! trees n[ gr[+ on my own place %[ h[ ridicul\s 0 my position ( a %ort "t ago4 ,?is morn+ ,i ?9k we are likely to h some:at simil> surprises 9 a pap] by ,dr4 ,morris4 ,he w give u in=mation on ! hazel nut1 giv+ 8 exp]i5ce ) ! ,european v>ieties4 ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,hazels ,,dr4 ,,rob]t ,t4 ,,morris1 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,! hazels are desc5d$ f an anci5t & honorable family4 ,impressions ( leaves f\nd 9 ! ,upp] ,cretace\s rocks ( ! ,yell[/one ,valley _c be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! leaves ( our two ,am]ican hazel species ( today4 ,! hazels belong to ! ,cupulif]ae or oak family4 ,our ,am]ican species are only two 9 numb]1 al?\gh !re are _m v>ieties ( ! species4 ,! "o :i* is mo/ priz$1 ,corylus am]icana1 is f\nd ov] a wide range ( t]ritory & abundantly 9 _m places betwe5 ,canada & ! s\!rn extremity ( ! ,appala*ians1 & f ! c5tral ,mississippi valley to ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,?is species be>s nuts ( excell5t quality = ! mo/ "p1 b ( r small size & ?ick %ell1 except+ 9 individual plants4 ,! common ,am]ican hazel1 :ile valuable = hybridiz+ purposes1 w probably nev] be cultivat$ to any great ext5t1 because ( its habit ( gr[?4 ,! *>act]i/ic life hi/ory 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates is z foll[s3 ,a hazel plant be>s a few nuts 9 its ?ird ye>1 a fairly l>ge crop 9 its f\r? ye>1 a heavy crop 9 its fif? ye>1 a v few nuts 9 its six? ye> & x dies at ! sev5? or eigh? ye> ( age4 ,mean:ile1 ! plant has be5 s5d+ out long /olonif]\s roots :i* h surr\nd$ ! orig9al plant ) a *aplet ( prog5y1 ea* "o ( :i* foll[s ! life c\rse ( ! p>5t4 ,"o hazel plant :5 left free to its own devices may increase 9 ?is way rapidly en\gh to drive c[s out ( a pa/ure lot4 ,i h trimm$ (f /olonif]\s roots exp]im5tally f a numb] ( hazel plants1 = ! purpose ( ?r[+ all ( ! /r5g? into ! orig9al /ocks1 hop+1 !reby1 to prolong _! lives4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 appe>s n to be effective1 z ! /ocks di$ at _! appo9t$ "t4 ,l _m o!r wild plants1 n yet subject$ to processes ( cultivation1 ! common ,am]ican hazel does n respond v readily to cultivation1 & too mu* att5tion on ! "p ( ! horticulturi/ leads x into confusion4 ,"s ye>s ago ,i exp5d$ ab\t six weeks 9 mak+ a /udy ( fruit+ hazels & exam9$ _m ?\s&s ( bu%es 9 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,connecticut & ea/]n ,new ,york /ate1 includ+ ,long ,isl&4 ,9 ! regions visit$1 ! native hazels are s abundant z to be consid]$ a pe/4 ,out ( all ! bu%es exam9$1 ,i sav$ b ?ree = purposes ( propagation4 ,! be/ "o ( ^! = size1 quality & ?9ness ( %ell1 ,i h nam$ ! ,m]ribrooke1 & "y plants ( ?is v>iety w be s5t to any memb] ( ! ,association :o wi%es to cultivate !m4 ,bu%es ( ?is p>ticul> wild v>iety h _h a reputation among ! boys ( ! locality = m ?an a hundr$ ye>s1 accord+ to leg5ds ( ! neighborhood4 ,i h rec5tly budd$ specim5s ( ?is v>iety ^u /ocks ( ! ,byzant9e hazel1 9 ! hope ( prolong+ ! life ( an individual plant beyond its normal sev5 or eight ye>s4 ,! o!r ,am]ican hazel1 v>i\sly kn[n z ! beak$ hazel1 tail$ hazel or horn$ hazel1 0 nam$ ,corylus cornuta by ,m>%all 7,arbu/rum ,am]icanum #cg1 #aghe74 ,consequ5tly1 t is ! "n by :i* x %\ld be kn[n in/ead ( ! "n ,corylus ro/rata :i* 0 be/[$ subsequ5tly4 ,?is hazel has a mu* m nor!rn range ?an ! common ,am]ican hazel & ,i h se5 x 9 ,labrador & 9 ,ont>io ne>ly to ,hudson's ,bay4 ,on ! ,pacific coa/ x is said to rea* a height ( ?irty feet4 ,al?\gh spread+ by /olonif]\s roots l ! common ,am]ican hazel1 ^! roots are %ort]1 & x does n ext5d rapidly en\gh to dom9ate ! situation :5 gr[+ 9 competition ) ! common hazel4 ,! nuts1 :ile v good1 & sometimes ( l>ge size ) comp>atively ?9 %ell1 lack quality1 a v important elem5t 9 any nut4 ,x is probable t ?is tail$ hazel w be valuable = add+ h>d9ess to hybrids ) ! ,european & ,asiatic hazels1 :5 ! "t comes = horticulturi/s ( ,canada to make =tunes f _! hazel or*>ds4 ,9 ,europe & ,asia & 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,africa sev]al species ( hazels are extremely important comm]cially1 sometimes furni%+ ! *ief s\rce ( income = l>ge di/ricts1 v mu* z :eat or corn make special crops ov] l>ge areas 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,^! =eign hazels h n be5 rais$ successfully 9 our c\ntry1 except+ v rec5tly on ! nor?we/ coa/4 ,! reason = failure dep5ds almo/ :olly ^u ! pres5ce ( a blight1 ,cryptosporella anomala1 :i* belongs to our native hazels4 ,9 ! c\rse ( evolution1 ho/ & p>asite h come to be pe]s ( ea* o!r1 & consequ5tly ?is blight does n m5ace our native hazels v s]i\sly4 ,introduc$ species1 ) ! exception1 p]haps1 ( ! ,byzant9e hazel1 appe> to c>ry a protoplasm :i* has n le>n$ to resi/ ! attacks ( ! blight4 ,all organic w>f>e is fundam5tally enzymic 9 its nature1 & x is possible t ?r\gh process ( natural selection "s ( ! =eign hazels w\ld ev5tually become securely e/abli%$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 )\t aid f ! nurs]yman4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! hazel blight is v easily manag$4 ,n kn[+ ?is at fir/1 ,i all[$ almo/ all ( my exotic hazels to become de/roy$1 & a numb] ( nurs]ym5 told me ( hav+ giv5 up ! problem z hopeless4 ,rec5tly ,i h le>n$ ( ! ease ) :i* ! disease may be controll$1 & n[ feel v com=table 9 its pres5ce4 ,! blight is ( sl[ developm5t & *ooses ! l>g] hazel /ems = its battlegr\nd4 ,all t "o notices at fir/ is a depression ( ! b>k ext5d+ 9 ! long axis ( a l>ge bran*4 ,if "o obs]ves m closely1 he w f9d spore-be>+ pu/ules occurr+ z little r\nd elevations ^u ! depress$ "p ( ! b>k4 ,! blight proce$s sl[ly1 & ,i pass ab\t = exam9ation specim5s f two hazel limbs4 ,9 ! small] "o ! blight has be5 two ye>s "u way1 & 9 ! l>g] "o ?ree ye>s4 ,^! pat*es ( blight 7 all[$ to gr[ exp]im5tally4 ,mean:ile1 ,i trimm$ out all o!r blight areas ( ! b>k ) my jack-knife4 ,?is is v readily done4 ,if "o w look ov] 8 hazel bu%es once a ye> & simply :ip out ! few slices ( b>k c>ry+ ! blight1 x is done s easily & quickly t we n[ ne$ to h no fe> :atsoev] = ! future ( hazel culture 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,if ! memb]s ( ! ,association w exam9e ^! ,cryptosporella specim5s :i* are pass$ ab\t1 & if !y w dispose ( ! blight accord+ to directions1 ,i feel t ! hazel "q involv+ a matt] p]haps ( millions ( doll>s wor? ( inve/m5t has be5 settl$4 ,among ! =eign hazels :i* w ?rive 9 ?is c\ntry ! ,byzant9e hazel1 ,corylus colurna is by all means ! mo/ beautiful4 ,x makes a tree z l>ge z ! ord9>y oaks1 & 9 ,hung>y ,i h se5 a trunk ?ree feet 9 diamet] at a %ort di/ance above ! gr\nd4 ,i h be5 told t a s+le tree ( ?is species w sometimes be> ab\t tw5ty bu%els ( nuts at a s+le crop4 ,?is presumably ref]s to ! nuts 9 _! l>ge involucral mass1--say f\r or five bu%els ( husk$ nuts4 ,! wood ( ^! species is h>d1 takes a high poli% & is valuable4 ,! tree itself is /rik+ly beautiful z ! memb]s w obs]ve ?is aft]noon :5 exam9+ ! ,byzant9e hazels :i* ,sup]9t5d5t ,laney w %[ u 9 "o ( ! ,ro*e/] p>ks4 ,?is species ( hazel 9 "s ( ! localities ab\t ! ,black ,sea is said to =m almo/ ! entire s\rce ( income ov] l>ge di/ricts4 ,! nuts are n l>ge1 z a rule av]ag+ ab\t l ^? ( our common ,am]ican hazel 9 size1 quality & ?9ness ( %ell4 ,graft$ or budd$ /ocks may be made to be> l>ge ?9-%ell$ nuts4 ,i am us+ ?is hazel at pres5t = graft+ /ock = *oice =eign species & v>ieties ( o!r k9ds1 & = ! ,am]ican hazel1 al?\gh x may be t ! ,am]ican hazel w n respond well to s l>ge & vigor\s a /ock 9 ! long run4 ,nuts & nurs]y /ock may be obta9$ ?r\gh ,fr5* nurs]y firms4 ,! reason :y ! ,byzant9e hazel has n be5 plant$ widely 9 ,am]ica z yet1 is because we h n advanc$ t f> 9 civilization1--p h n happ5$ to ?9k ab\t x4 ,we mu/ leave some?+ = ! p :o are to come five ?\s& ye>s aft] u1 & n ?9k ( all good ?+s at once4 ,! ,byzant9e hazel appe>s to be q free f ! blight & ?is1 p]haps1 is due to its ?ick corky b>k1 :i* is 9 itself an attractive feature4 ,9 "s individuals ! corky b>k /&s out 9 ridges almo/ l t ( ! corky elm4 ,! beauty ( ! ,european & ,asiatic hazels1 9 g5]al1 makes !m extremely desirable = ornam5tal purposes 9 p>ks & 9 doory>ds4 ,"o ( ! mo/ attractive is ! purple v>iety ( ,corylus avellana4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,europe ?is is held to be desirable = its nuts1 b 9 ,connecticut x is prone to fl[] s e>ly 9 ! season t ! elongat$ male catk9s are caught by fro/4 ,i h se5 elongat$ catk9s 9 a w>m week at ! end ( ,febru>y4 ,a v desirable v>iety ( ,corylus avellana is "o ( :i* ,i n[ %[ specim5s4 ,! section ( ! bran* :i* ,i pass ab\t c>ri$ f\r l>ge nuts ye/]day b ,i f9d t "o ( !m has disappe>$1 & x is probable t la/ night 9 ! sleep+ c> a squirrel got 9 :5 ! port] 0 look+ ! o!r way4 ,! specim5 repres5ts a se$l+ individual among a lot pres5t$ to me by ,pr9ce ,collor$o ,mannsfeld ( ,bohemia n9e ye>s ago4 ,?is p>ticul> %rub is r homely1 ) small unattractive leaves & big bony bran*es1 b x be>s heavily ( l>ge ?9 %ell$ hazels ( ! highe/ quality1 & ! sort :i* are n[ br++ fifty c5ts p] p\nd 9 ! ,new ,york m>ket z gre5 hazels4 ,x blossoms v late 9 ! spr+4 ,i h n z yet giv5 a "n to ?is individual bu%1 b z ,pr(essor ,j4 ,russell ,smi? caught my description ( x & speaks ( x z ! bony-bu% we w all[ 8 nom5clature to /& if memb]s ( ! ,association wi% to call = any ( ! wood = graft+ or budd+ purposes4 ,corylus avellana 9 its _m v>ieties is ! *ief ,european hazel :i* gives u ! cobnuts & filb]ts ( ! m>ket1 & x is ! "o :i* w probably be mo/ widely introduc$ into ?is c\ntry4 ,! "n filb]t is a corruption ( full be>d & is prop]ly appli$ only to ^? nuts 9 :i* ! husk ext5ds beyond ! nut4 ,! %rubs ( ?is species commonly rea* a height ( ab\t fifte5 to eighte5 feet1 ) a spread ( ! same dim5sions4 ,trimm+ by ! horticulturi/ all[s ( ! developm5t ( a l>g] be>+ surface1 v mu* z x does ) pea* or apple trees4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,europe ?is species s]ves = h$ge f5ces1 indicat+ ! practical ideas belong+ to an old] civilization4 ,9 ?is c\ntry we make h$ge f5ces ( wor?less osage orange1 privet1 or honey locu/ :i* /eal n\ri%m5t f ! soil1 add little to ! beauty ( ! l&scape1 & give u no return :atsoev]4 ,su* a typical ,am]ican way ( do+ ?+s w be *ang$ :5 we /op to ?9k4 ,/opp+ to ?9k is r a pa9ful process & gives u _m jolts1 b x has its rew>ds4 ,:5 we replace our wor?less h$ge plants ) hazels :i* yield heavy annual crops ( valuable nuts we %all h made "o /ep =w>d4 ,a f9e hazel is ! ,corylus pontica4 ,! %rub 9 itself has beauty1 & x be>s nuts sometimes z l>ge z ^? ( ! av]age %agb>k hickory4 ,! k]nel is ( good quality1 b ! %ell is s ?ick t ^! nuts are *iefly attractive to squirrels & to m5 :o are out ( "w4 ,i d n "k ! orig9 ( ! nut :i* is kn[n 9 ! m>ket z ! ,b>celona hazel1 b ,i imag9e ! plants be>+ ?is nut are d]iv$ f ! ,corylus pontica4 7,specim5s ( bran*es & nuts ( v>i\s species & v>ieties ( hazels are n[ pass$ ab\t 9 ! audi5ce47 ,! nuts are beg9n+ to rip5 9 ?is fir/ week 9 ,septemb]4 ,hazels d n come true to p>5t v>iety f se$1 & consequ5tly valuable /ock is propagat$ by budd+1 by graft+ or by lay]+4 ,p]sonally1 ,i f9d t ! hazel is r easily budd$1 al?\gh lay]+ is ! me?od = propagation ( *oice v>ieties mo/ (t5 employ$ 9 ,europe4 ,! hazels h comp>atively few insect enemies1 b m9e are sometimes attack$ de/ructively by ! elm beetle & by ! l>vae ( two species ( saw flies :i* are also f\nd ^u ! elms4 ,x is a r curi\s fact t ! insects %\ld recognize a simil>ity betwe5 ! leaves ( ! hazels & ( ! elms1 :i* are some:at alike 9 g5]al appe>ance1 al?\gh ! trees are ( widely diff]5t desc5t4 ,x br+s up an int]e/+ "q1 if ! fly+ p>5ts ( ! p>asites f ! elm are attract$ by ! appe>ance ( ! hazel leaves1 or if !y are attract$ by ! odor or o!r *>act]i/ics4 ,occasionally ! exotic hazels are attack$ by v>i\s leaf blights b n to any tr\blesome ext5t s f> z my exp]i5ce goes1 up to ! pres5t "t4 ,! *ief pr$atory elem5ts :i* we %all h to meet :5 rais+ hazels are squirrels1 :ite-foot$ mice & ! neighbors' *ildr54 ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$3 ,may ,i ask1 ,doctor1 :at y bud ! ,byzant9e on8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i am budd+ o!r ?+s on ^? = /ocks4 ,i bud our ,am]ican hazels & ,european hazels on ! ,european & ,asiatic trees4 ,,mr4 ,,ru%3 ,d y "k any?+ ( ! quality ( t nut8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,x is ! *ief hazel 9 p>ts ( nor!rn ,turkey1 & ( excell5t quality4 ,hazels =m a s\rce ( income = "s localities l ! :eat or corn 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 or ! olive1 z ,dr4 ,smi? told u la/ night4 ,,mr4 ,,hold53 ,d !y get ^! trees f se$l+s8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,yes1 s f> z ,i "k4 ,! nuts are call$ ,con/ant9ople nuts4 ,a ,,memb]3 ,:at k9d is x t blooms 9 ! fall8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i don't "k any b ! wit* hazel :i* blooms 9 ! fall2 has a small yell[ fl[]1 b is n a true hazel4 ,catk9s =m ^u all hazels 9 ! fall1 b ^! d n really blossom until spr+time4 ,a ,,memb]3 ,i w\ld l to ask if ! ,byzant9e hazel is attack$ by blight z are ! o!rs8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,no2 none ( my trees h be5 attack$ by blight at all z yet4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$3 ,:at me?od ( budd+ d y f9d mo/ successful8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i h usually us$ ! r+ budd+4 ,x is n v difficult4 ,,pr(essor ,,h$rick3 ,are !re any ,ea/ ,asia hazels t ?rive 9 ?is c\ntry8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,!re are specim5s 9 ! p>k "h at ,ro*e/] t y w see ?is aft]noon4 ,,pr(essor ,,h$rick3 ,our exp]i5ce ) ,asiatic hazels is v satisfactory4 ,,mr4 ,,mcgl5non3 ,a fri5d ( m9e "h has "s specim5s t he w\ld l to pres5t4 ,,dr4 ,,smi?3 ,we w ask ,mr4 ,voll]ts5 to describe ! specim5s himself4 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,!y are f a private place ( ,g4 ,h4 ,p]k9s on ,ea/ ,av5ue4 ,!y h nev] fail$ a ye> s9ce #ahhf4 ,un=tunately we h no "n = !m1 except t ?is "o 0 always call$ ,john ,jones4 ,x has c]ta9ly prov$ a good /rong h>dy v>iety4 ,!n we h ano!r "o1 a long "o1 :i* has nev] be5 nam$1 & ,i am n able to say exactly :at x is4 ,la/ ye> !y 7 exceptionally well fill$4 ,?is ye> !re are n q s _m on !m1 al?\gh a goodly numb]4 ,!y h nev] fail$ a s+le ye>4 ,i h "o little v>iety :i* 0 giv5 me by ,dr4 ,mann1 on ,alex&] ,/reet4 ,! limbs are practically hang+ d[n ) ! nuts4 ,!y are ready = m>ket n[1 fall+ out4 ,i h "h "s purple hazels :i* h always borne fruit & no o!r hazel 9 ! vic9ity is z good4 ,x has sometimes two crops 9 a ye>4 ,^! are really beautiful specim5s4 ,?is little e>ly v>iety %\ld be pass$ r\nd & h special att5tion4 ,i h giv5 ?is v>iety no "n1 b = ov] ?irty-five ye>s x has borne good fruit e ye>4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,if y are 9 d\bt z to ! "n ( a v>iety1 ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,laney w f9d a way = gett+ y ! "n = almo/ e v>iety t is f\nd 9 ! m>kets4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,mr4 ,mc,glennon asks t ! g5tleman advise u h[ he has propagat$ !m4 ,we w5t ?r\gh ,mr4 ,mc,glennon's beautiful or*>d ye/]day4 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,we h be5 us+ an ord9>y way ( budd+4 ,an ord9>y se$l+ c be us$ to good advantage = graft+4 ,i h f\nd 9 graft+ 9 w9t] !y d n seem to gr[ z well4 ,9 our fall lay]+ we naturally get a l>g] plant4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,d we und]/& t ^! hazels t h borne = tw5ty-five ye>s are ,european hazels8 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,yes2 ,european hazels4 ,i h _h !m "u my c>e s9ce #ahhf1 & nev] notic$ any blight4 ,a ,,memb]3 ,c't y expla9 to u1 ) "o ( y\r specim5s1 y\r me?od ( spr+ lay]+8 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,9 lay]+ !m1 we practically don't cov] !m at all = ! "t be+4 ,!y are m]ely p9n$ d[n4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,d y cut ! b>k8 ,,mr4 ,,voll]ts53 ,n on !m4 ,aft] !y h gr[n "s we cov] !m up4 ,we f9d ?is a v successful way4 ,we get y\ng] & small] plants 9 ! fall lay4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,i %\ld l to ask ,dr4 ,morris a "q4 ,9 ?is native hazel1 does x keep on spread+ "u gr\nd8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,"o s+le plant1 plant$ 9 a pa/ure lot & n int]f]$ ) w 9 a few ye>s occupy practically t :ole pa/ure lot4 ,9 my "p ( ! c\ntry ?is is true2 h[ is x ) y1 ,dr4 ,dem+8 ,a ,,memb]3 ,go+ back to ! blight1 w ?is tackle any size limb8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,x usually does n come until y\r hopes are at top not*1 & !n x drops 9 on y4 ,x does n attack ! small] twigs at fir/1 b may f9ally ext5d to !m4 ,a ,,memb]3 ,are any ( y\r hybrids a success8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,!re are none 9 be>+ z yet4 ,byzant9es are little1 if any1 l>g] ?an ,am]ican hazel nuts1 except+ f select$ trees4 ,pont9es are mu* l>g]4 ,bo? plants make a rem>kably vigor\s gr[?4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,d ,i und]/& t ?is ,m]ribrooke hazel1 put 9 ! middle ( an acre w fill ! acre8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i believe ?is is true4 ,i don't ?9k x is an exagg]ation4 ,! wild hazel is a nuisance 9 ,connecticut4 ,,! ,,secret>y3 ,i "k !y w cov] a v l>ge space1 b ,i _c tell h[ !y get !re4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,! po9t ,i am try+ to get aft] is ?is1 n ! exact ext5t ( spread b ! me?od ( propagation4 ,c we get a spr\t f a good tree1 & !n h x g on spr\t+ indef9itely8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,yes1 t is true4 ,a ,,memb]3 ,9 y\r exp]i5ce are fungicides useful 9 h&l+ ! blight8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,i h n us$ !m4 ,i h talk$ ) nurs]ym5 :o did1 & !y say ! blight got ! be/ ( !m j ! same4 ,!y left ! matt] ) employees1 :o did n give prop] att5tion4 ,?is 0 p]haps because !y did n "k t a small jack-knife 0 bett] ?an a spray+ outfit = ! purpose4 ,a ,,memb]3 ,once on1 w x /ay8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,yes1 until ! blight area has circl$ ! limb4 ,a ,,memb]3 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! cobs & ! filb]ts8 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,! cob nut is g5]ally a r\nd nut4 ,! filb]ts are long] nuts4 ,filb]t is a corruption ( full be>d1 & ref]s to ! involucre ext5d+ beyond ! nut4 ,,dr4 ,,smi?3 ,we may n[ proce$ to ! next numb] on ! program1 if ! hung] = hazel k abates4 ,memb]s ( ?is association h topwork$ pecans1 hickories1 etc4 ,i foll[$ ! in/ructions ( memb]s ( ?is association 9 my "w & h _h "s success4 ,"s work]s report spl5did success mix$ ) v great failures1 s we may be enc\rag$ to ! v top not*1 & ! next spr+ we come back feel+ v diff]5t4 ,la/ fall ,i 0 z l>ge almo/ z a be] b>rel ) ! gratification t foll[$ ! sett+ ( #ajj ,engli% walnut buds4 ,i h adopt$ ! motto ,bless$ is he t rejoices e>ly1 or he may n rejoice at all4 ,9 ,m>* !re 7 ab\t t5 or twelve alive4 ,9 ,june ab\t n9e 7 alive1 & n[ ^! also h fail$ to gr[4 ,la/ ye> ,i knew j h[ to bud walnuts4 ,?is la/ ,f\r? ( ,july ,i 0 v humble4 ,= "s reason or o!r we h n all ! facts4 ,we c propagate spl5didly "o ye>1 & ! next ye> we h a fall-d[n4 ,mr4 ,rop]1 ( "o ( ! pione] nurs]ies1 said he _h #b1jjj f9e live walnut buds la/ fall1 & _h b #ejj ?is spr+1 & n "o ( !m grew4 ,:ile ! te*nique seems to be simple1 !re seems to be some?+ lack+ 9 our exp]i5ce4 ,i w ask ,mr4 ,littlepage to give u 8 confessions fir/4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,! proposition ( topwork+ is "o ( ! s*emes :]e art beats nature4 ,9 ! fight 9 ,congress ov] ! oleom>g>9e bill "s ye>s ago1 "o memb] :o favor$ x1 said 9 support ( 8 cont5tion1 t nature always beat art2 & "o ( 8 oppon5ts imm$iately ref]r$ him to a picture gall]y ne>1 :]e pictures ( ! /atesm5 7 exhibit$1 z a pro( t art sometimes beats nature4 ,9 top work+1 art improves ^u nature4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be consid]$ is :at is topwork+1 & !n ! logical "q1 :y topwork+4 ,possibly ?is %\ld come fir/4 ,if an individual is dissatisfi$ ) 8 fri5ds & neighbors1 he mu/ put up ) !m2 he _c *ange !m4 ,b if he is dissatisfi$ ) a nut tree1 x is 8 own fault if he does n *ange x4 ,x c be top work$4 ,he does n c>e to top "w maples or oaks4 ,we only top "w to get some?+ bett] ?an we h4 ,! trees1 ( c\rse1 t int]e/ u specially 9 top work+ are ! nut trees4 ,we h se$l+ pecans1 se$l+ walnuts1 se$l+ hickories1 & se$l+ *e/nuts4 ,d[n at ! m\? ( ,gre5 ,riv] 9 ,k5tucky are ne>ly two hundr$ acres ( wild pecan trees4 ,s f> z we "k !re are only two trees 9 t or*>d wor?y ( propagation4 ,( ?\s&s ( trees !re we h propagat$ only two v>ieties4 ,^! trees are n[ too l>ge to top "w1 b _h x be5 possible #aej ye>s ago to g 9 !re & select ! desirable nuts1 & topwork all ! o!r trees ) ^!1 !re c\ld h be5 a great or*>d !re n[ ( ! highe/ quality nuts4 ,topwork+ consi/s 9 cutt+ (f ! top ( "s undesirable se$l+ & replac+ x ) scions or buds f "s desirable v>iety4 ,x is j ! same z any o!r graft+ or budd+ process4 ,almo/ any size tree c be topwork$ b1 ( c\rse1 ! l>g] ! tree ! m difficult ! op]ation4 ,a "y tree1 f two to five in*es 9 diamet]1 c be saw$ (f f\r or five feet above ! gr\nd & topwork$ by graft+ f two to f\r scions on x1 by ! slip b>k process4 ,if ! tree is l>g] ?an five in*es 9 diamet]1 x is bett] to g up to ! fir/ bran*es1 saw (f "p ( !m & proce$ j z if ea* bran* 7 itself a small tree4 ,if ! tree is a l>ge tree1 ) a numb] ( bran*es or prongs1 x is be/ to "w "p ( !m "o ye> & leave ! rema9+ bran*es to ma9ta9 ! root sy/em4 ,x w\ld probably kill a l>ge tree to cut ! :ole top (f at "o "t4 ,i h se5 trees1 two feet 9 diamet]1 successfully topwork$4 ,x sometimes happ5s t ! scions plac$ 9 ! tree1 9 ! spr+1 = "s reason or o!r1 d n gr[4 ,! tree !n s5ds up nice gre5 %oots t lat] 9 ! season c be budd$ into j z if !y 7 small se$l+s4 ,! wild black walnut trees1 gr[+ ar\nd ! fields & hills1 c all be v easily topwork$ to ! ,engli% walnut by ! slip b>k me?od4 ,! scions mu/ be dormant & ! tree />t+ into active gr[?4 ,! wild hickory1 wild pecan & wild black walnut trees1 (f] ! be/ field = pr(itable "w along ?is l9e4 ,we h topwork$ a great _m hickories to pecan1 b we d n expect p]man5t satisfactory results4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! pecan on ! hickory is n v satisfactory4 ,! hickory is a d5se1 h>d wood1 t has a %ort gr[+ season1 & matures its nuts e>ly2 ! pecan is ( ! co>s]1 fa/] gr[+ wood1 ^: nuts gr[ until late 9 ! fall4 ,?is inconsi/5cy ( ! gr[+ habits ( ! two trees prev5ts ! pecan top on ! hickory f produc+ normal crops ( nuts4 ,! pecan topwork$ to ! pecan1 h[ev]1 is a p]fect success & !re is no reason :y ! wild hickories ( all descriptions _c be successfully & pr(itably topwork$ to ! bett] v>ieties ( ! good %agb>k hickories4 ,i believe t !re are great opportunities 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york = successful nut culture by utiliz+ ! wild black walnut trees & ! hickories4 ,i h se5 hundr$s ( ,engli% walnut trees gr[+ ar\nd ,ro*e/]1 "s ( !m be>+ p]fectly wond]ful crops ( walnuts4 ,i am surpris$ t ! p 9 ?is section h n avail$ !mselves m ( ! opportunities along ?is l9e4 ,if ! f>m]s 9 ?is section w\ld take up nut gr[+ z a side proposition & set five or t5 acres ( nut trees on ea* f>m1 !y w\ld soon f9d t ^! nut trees w\ld be produc+ !m m ?an all ! balance ( _! f>ms4 ,we he> a great deal today ab\t ! back to ! f>m movem5t1 b my op9ion is t = ev]yone :o is go+ to ! f>m1 t5 are leav+ x1 & ! reason = ?is is t ! heavy op]at+ exp5se ( ! annual crops1 su* z corn1 :eat & potatoes1 etc41 lay su* a heavy toll on ! f>m] t f>m+ is n pr(itable4 ,! requirem5ts ( "t1 labor & money 9 produc+ ^! crops are s great t x disc\rages _m f>m]s4 ,i h made ! /atem5t to "s ( ! f>m]s 9 my "p ( ! c\ntry t !y mu/ produce alfalfa or g broke4 ,i believe t alfalfa & tree crops w be two ( ! greate/ factors 9 ! rehabilitation ( ! f>m1 especially ! nut trees1 = ! reason t nut trees d n require ! same high degree ( c>e1 spray+1 prun+1 z d apple & pea* trees1 nor are ! products z p]i%able4 ,a crop ( nuts c be h>ve/$ & /ack$ up 9 b>rels1 & boxes1 9 ! smoke h\se1 ! b>n or 9 a flat c> & g to ! m>ket tomorr[1 next week or next mon?4 ,recurr+ to ! advantage ( topwork+1 h[ev]1 x meets ! objection t is (t5 rais$ by ^? :o say !y h n "t to wait = ! nut trees to gr[4 ,( c\rse1 ?is is a p]fectly fooli% /atem5t2 !y are go+ to wait anyh[2 x is simply a "q z to :e!r !y wait = some?+ or no?+1 & trees gr[ into maturity 9 a surpris+ly %ort "t4 ,a few ye>s ago1 :5 ,i 0 sett+ out an or*>d ( nut trees1 a neighbor ( m9e came ov] & look$ v d\btfully ) a trace ( pity 9 8 expression & said1 ,:5 d y expect all ^? trees t y are sett+ to be>8 ,i repli$1 ,i am n sure1 b ,i d "k t !y w be> a long "t be=e ^? trees t y are n sett+4 ,topwork+1 h[ev]1 gives quick results & enables "o to take advantage ( ! long-e/abli%$ ?rifty root sy/ems ( ! wild black walnuts1 hickories & pecans gr[+ 9 economic spots1 ar\nd ! f5ces1 corn]s1 creeks & hillsides4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,9 all our graft+ we cut ! cleft2 we don't split x4 ,! slip b>k me?od is bett] 9 "s cases4 ,,mr4 ,,presid5t3 ,:at is ! size limit = ! slip b>k me?od8 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,any?+ less ?an two in*es we w\ld cut4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,w ,mr4 ,jones tell u ab\t budd+ ) cold /orage wood8 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,! cold /orage buds w\ld take bett]1 b y w\ld h m loss 9 _! fail+ to gr[4 ,9 o!r words1 a mu* l>g] p]c5tage ( buds set ) ! curr5t season's gr[?1 w gr[ 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,i w\ld n recomm5d ei!r me?od alone4 ,by graft+ 9 ! spr+ & !n budd+1 fir/ ) cold /orage & lat] ) ! season buds1 y w\ld h ?ree *ances4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,h y budd$ any cold /orage wood be=e ?is ye>8 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,we h done m or less ( x = six or eight ye>s1 & x has be5 successful4 ,anyone ) v little exp]i5ce c use cold /orage buds4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,re$1 h y any additions t we ought to "k8 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$3 ,mr4 ,jones' me?od & views 9 reg>d to cold /orage buds agree ) m9e exactly4 ,la/ ye> ,i put 9 on ,july #cj? q a numb] ( ,engli% walnut buds t 7 held 9 cold /orage4 ,9 ! fall we seem$ to h almo/ p]fect /&s f ^! buds1 b !y are /ill ly+ dormant4 ,buds ( ! season's gr[? put 9 ab\t ?ree or f\r weeks lat] gave bett] results1 al?\gh our success la/ ye> 0 v poor4 ,we seem$ to h a fair /& on q a numb] ( v>ieties1 b ?is spr+ !y refus$ to gr[4 ,i lay mu* ( ?is tr\ble to ! extreme cold we _h 9 ,novemb]4 ,?is kill$ _m pea* trees t 7 f six to eight ye>s old1 & ,i ?9k x injur$ _m ( ! walnut buds4 ,i f\nd ! buds t />t$ be/ 7 ^? ne>e/ ! gr\nd1 :]e !y 7 protect$ by a little grass4 ,9 reg>d to ! topwork+ ( ! ,engli% walnut1 sev]al ( y h se5 my trees1 ! ?ree trees along ! highway 9 a dit* :]e !y cat* ! wa% :]e !y h made #ia_/b feet gr[?4 ,i am sorry to report t two ( ^! trees are entirely gone1 kill$ by ! cold spell1 & ! o!r is ab\t half alive1 b ,i 0 n 9 ! lea/ disc\rag$ by t loss4 ,9 ,septemb] ! ra9s comm5c$1 foll[+ ! extreme dr\? & />t$ a second gr[?1 & ! freeze caught !m ,novemb] #bb;d z full ( sap !n z !y 7 9 ,septemb]1 :5 y 7 !re4 ,o!r trees t ,i _h topwork$ _h made a mod]ate gr[?1 & 7 n injur$ 9 ! lea/4 ,!y made a good gr[? ?is season1 & %\ld be q fruitful next ye>4 ,! ,pom]oy trees 9 ! bluegrass pa/ure _h made only a mod]ate gr[?1 & w5t ?r\gh ! w9t] 9 good %ape4 ,i _h ?ree trees ( ! ,ru%1 probably tw5ty-five feet high4 ,!y 7 injur$ a little1 "s ( ! gr[? kill+ back a ?ird ( ! way1 & "o or two buds 7 kill$ entirely4 ,9 reg>d to topwork+ pecans1 ,i h n done mu* ( ?is1 b our success has be5 v good ) :at we h tri$4 ,i f9d !m mu* easi] to "w1 z f> z ! bud />t+ 9 ! spr+ is conc]n$4 ,"s v>ieties1 h[ev]1 d n />t readily4 ,) ! ,major1 ,gre5 ,riv]1 & "o or two o!r v>ieties1 we c use wood five1 six & eight ye>s old1 & h x come out all "r4 ,i f9d1 h[ev]1 t ! curr5t season's gr[?1 cut f two-ye>-old trees1 well develop$1 w give y at lea/ d\ble ! gr[? 9 ! nurs]y ! fir/ ye> t old] or dormant wood w4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,"s apple exp]i5ce ( m9e is a close mat* to ! kill+ t ,mr4 ,re$ j report$4 ,! season ( #aiab 0 a v dry "o4 ,all ,septemb] x ra9$ frequ5tly & heavily4 ,! trees wak$ up & grew ) su* spe$ t _m ( !m made a sappy gr[? :]e !y _h be5 manur$1 & a v cold spell e>ly 9 ! w9t] kill$ #ajj ( !m4 ,o!rs across ! road 7 un9jur$4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$3 ,9 reg>d to graft+ 9 ! nurs]y1 ?is spr+ my exp]i5ce has be5 some:at v>i$4 ,9 graft+ we />t$ ab\t ,april #aj?2 ! fir/ graft+ 0 almo/ an utt] failure4 ,on ,may #a/ x improv$4 ,on ,may #i? we set #ijj & h #ge p] c5t gr[+ today1 "s high] ?an my head4 ,set ) wood "s ( :i* w\ld run ?ree-f\r?s in*es 9 diamet]4 ,,lady ,,delegate3 ,my si/] has on h] place #bjj or #cjj black walnut se$l+s4 ,:at w\ld y advise h] to d ) ^!8 ,!y are 9 all ages & /ages ( gr[?1 f "o to t5 ye>s4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,t is a v broad "q to answ]4 ,i %\ld topwork !m to ! ,p]sian walnut4 ,i %\ld topwork all ( !m on ! *ance t future developm5ts w\ld leave !m ! prop] di/ance ap>t4 ,! walnut transplants v easily1 except t ! l>g] ! tree1 ! m dang] ( loss4 ,trees ( t size ought to be work$ v nicely4 ,assume t ?is is y\r tree1 & t y h saw$ (f ! top4 ,"h is y\r scion f y\r desirable tree4 ,x is to be cut on "o side only1 & !re is consid]able art 9 mak+ t cut true4 ,!n ) ! knife split d[n ! b>k on ! /ock a little way & %ove ! scion d[n betwe5 ! wood & b>k1 ! cut side next to ! wood ( ! /ock 7demon/rat+71 & cov] ) wax$ clo?4 ,!n apply graft+ wax to ! cut surface1 & cov] all ) a pap] bag = two or ?ree weeks4 ,!re %\ld n be m ?an two buds on a scion4 ,don't leave too _m4 ,"o bud is bett] ?an ?ree1 b y may leave two buds4 ,?is scion mu/ be kept entirely dormant until us$4 ,any "t aft] ! b>k w slip readily is ! prop] "t to graft1 & y w !n get a high p]c5tage ( success4 ,keep y\r sap circulat+ to ! top by putt+ two or ?ree scions ar\nd ! top ( ! /ock4 ,?is me?od ( graft+ is a v simple op]ation :5 y "k a few little fundam5tal facts ab\t x4 ,! k9d ( wax or clo? is n p>ticul>ly important4 ,mr4 ,re$ & ,mr4 ,jones & ,mr4 ,ru% h _h mu* exp]i5ce 9 ?is "w4 ,,mr4 ,,p>i%3 ,9 do+ ?is1 %all we put 9 a little air hole8 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,no4 ,9 f t5 days to two weeks te> a little hole 9 ! pap] bag4 ,next "t be c>eful1 = x may be full ( wasps4 ,! purpose ( t pap] sack is to keep ! wat] (f ! buds4 ,?is is ess5tial4 ,,mr4 ,,phillips3 ,i _h ab\t #cjj trees plant$ 9 #aiaa1 black walnuts4 ,9 #aiac ,i budd$ !m accord+ to ! ,oregon me?od4 ,i fail$ to make any ( ^! gr[4 ,9 #aiac ,i cleft graft$ & a great _m ( ^! />t$1 b !y all fail$ to live4 ,i wond] :]e9 ,i fail$4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,no "o c tell :y a p>ticul> scion does n live4 ,i _h scions f a v f9e hickory & ,i put !m 9 cold /orage4 ,! wood 0 9 p]fect condition4 ,i graft$ p]haps #ajj ( ^! scions z ,i h describ$4 ,i h f\r trees gr[+ out ( ! #ajj graft$4 ,9 h&l+ ! wood ,i got fungus on x probably4 ,t may be "o reason :y x fail$4 ,!re may be o!r reasons4 ,if ! scions 7 n dormant t might expla9 x4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$3 ,i ?9k x is v important t walnut graft+ wood %\ld be cut be=e sev]e wea!r 9 ! w9t]1 ?\gh ,i don't ?9k x ev] gr[s cold en\gh to hurt pecan wood4 ,y ne$ n worry ab\t pecan wood1 b 9 ! case ( ! walnut x %\ld be cut be=e extreme cold wea!r & put 9 cold /orage4 ,i cut "s la/ ye> aft] ! extreme cold snap 9 ,decemb] & we ?rew x practically all away ?is spr+4 ,x is useless4 ,y are ?r[+ away y\r "t to use x4 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,i don't ?9k we _h any wood t 0 n injur$ dur+ ! cold w9t] ( #aiaa-ab4 ,out ( ab\t #b1fjj grafts set we _h two gr[4 ,,"q3 ,:at d y mean by cold /orage8 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$3 ,i h be5 /or+ all ( our wood 9 ord9>y apple cold /orage plants4 ,pack x 9 damp moss or excelsior4 ,pap] l9e y\r boxes well1 & nail !m up1 & leave !m !re until y are ready to use !m4 ,i h put wood 9 9 ,novemb] & tak5 x out 9 good %ape 9 ,augu/4 ,pecan wood c be held ! ye> r\nd4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,:at c y tell u1 ,mr4 ,:ite1 t has n yet be5 cov]$8 ,,mr4 ,,paul ,,:ite3 ,ab\t all ,i w\ld c>e to say ab\t topwork+ w\ld be to ask a "q4 ,!y claim t ! pecan topwork$ on ! hickory1 only be>s = a few ye>s1 & !n /ops4 ,:at w\ld be ! result 9 ! case ( ! ,engli% & black walnuts8 ,might !re n be "s dang] !re8 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,i h made consid]able inve/igation ( ?is4 ,i h f\nd sev]al ,engli% walnuts topwork$ on black walnuts1 "o done eighty ye>s ago d[n 9 ,m>yl&4 ,! tree is report$ to h borne tw5ty-five bu%els ( nuts4 ,i ?9k !re is good explanation = ! pecan-hickory tr\ble4 ,a hickory gr[s = a %ort "t 9 e>ly summ] & does n gr[ mu*1 b a pecan gr[s twice z mu*4 ,!re=e ! hickory roots _c fe$ ! pecan top en\gh to make bo? vegetation & fruit4 ,we are1 9 ?is city1 9 a v unusual place4 ,n only is x ! c5t] ( a great weal? ( se$l+ ,p]sian walnut trees1 b we h 9 ! p>ks a great tree collection "u ,sup]9t5d5t ,laney4 ,?is is a v f9e & notable collection1 includ+ ,am]ican & =eign trees1 "s ( :i* we w see ?is aft]noon4 ,adj\rnm5t at #ab3ab ,p4,m4 ,photographs ( ! conv5tion 7 !n tak5 on ! /eps ( ! ,city ,hall4 ,,?ursday ,,ev5+ ,,session4 ,conv5$ at #h3bj ,p4,m41 ,dr4 ,smi? presid+4 ,att5dance ab\t tw5ty4 ,a ,nom9at+ ,committee 0 appo9t$1 consi/+ ( ,messrs4 ,littlepage1 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,webb]1 & ,tet]4 ,at ?is po9t 0 giv5 ! address by ,c4 ,a4 ,re$4 ,,an ,,appeal ,,to ,,own]s ,,( ,,h>dy ,,nut ,,trees ,c4 ,a4 ,,re$1 ,,nut ,,culturi/1 ,u4 ,s4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,ev] s9ce ! coloni/s fir/ e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e1 nut trees h be5 plant$ up & d[n ! ,atlantic ,coa/4 ,"o ( ! species (t5e/ includ$ 9 su* plant+ 0 a walnut1 a native to ,p]sia :i*1 ) ,romanism1 _h spread across ,europe & ! *annel into ,engl&4 ,9 ! ,old ,_w x _h v>i\sly be5 kn[n z ,jove's nut1 "u ! supposition t x _h once be5 ! food ( ! gods2 ,royal nut1 mean+ ,k+ nut2 & by o!r common names :i* w\ld be int]e/+ to discuss b :i* are n p]t95t 9 ?is connection4 ,9 ,engl& x _h be5 kn[n m]ely z ! walnut1 b 9 ! ,new ,_w1 9 ord] to di/+ui% x f ! walnut f\nd "h1 x 0 call$ ! ,engli% walnut4 ,9 ! trade today x is commonly kn[n by ! ,old ,_w "n1 o!r walnuts be+ di/+ui%$ f x by prefix+ _! common names1 z ,ea/]n1 ,cali=nia1 ,mexican or ,japanese black walnut1 etc4 ,h[ev]1 be+ a native ( ,p]sia1 x 0 long ago decid$ t ! correct "n ( ?is nut %\ld be ,p]sian walnut1 & n ,engli% walnut4 ,z su* x has n[ be5 ref]r$ to 9 sci5tific publications = well t[>ds a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,subsequ5t to ?is r limit$ & scatt]$ plant+ on ! ,atlantic ,coa/1 by p]haps ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 ! ,p]sian walnut put 9 its appe>ance on ! ,pacific ,coa/4 ,accord+ to ,bullet9 ,no4 #bca by ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 x is probable t occasional trees 7 plant$ 9 t /ate long be=e ! discov]y ( gold 9 #ahdh4 ,foll[+ t date1 plant+ became mu* m g5]al1 b usually ) h>d%ell /ra9s & always ) se$l+ trees4 ,f ^! e>ly trees ! crops 7 nev] ( great importance4 ,9 #ahfg ,mr4 ,joseph ,sexton ( ,santa ,b>b>a1 plant$ a sack ( walnuts b\ght 9 ! m>kets ( ,san ,francisco1 :i* he _h reason to believe _h be5 gr[n 9 ,*ili4 ,( ! result+ trees "s 7 v good1 o!rs m$iocre1 & "s wor?less4 ,lat] on1 nuts f ! be/ ( ^! trees 7 plant$1 & second g5]ation se$l+s produc$4 ,9 ?is way ! fam\s ,santa ,b>b>a ,pap]%ell type ( walnut 0 evolv$4 ,) x develop$ an indu/ry :i* among ! tree products ( s\!rn ,cali=nia is n[ second only to t ( ! orange4 ,9 #aiaj1 ! c5sus tak]s f\nd t 9 ! ye> prec$+1 ! crop ( walnuts ( s\!rn ,cali=nia1 :i*1 by ! way1 came almo/ entirely f f\r c\nties1 0 valu$ at m ?an t ( ! total crop ( all o!r nuts gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates put toge!r4 ,f\r ye>s aft] ,mr4 ,sexton ( s\!rn ,cali=nia _h plant$ ?is sack ( walnuts f ,san ,francisco1 ,mr4 ,felix ,gillet ( ,nevada ,city1 9 nor!rn ,cali=nia1 began ! introduction ( ,fr5* walnuts bo? by se$ & scions4 ,out ( 8 ef=ts & ^? ( o!rs :o subsequ5tly jo9$ him1 develop$ ! walnut indu/ry ( nor!rn ,cali=nia1 :i* n[ bids fair "s day to equal t ( ! l[] "p ( ! /ate4 ,! fam\s ,fr5* v>ieties ( ,franquette & ,mayette 7 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,gillet1 & f se$l+s ( 8 gr[+ evolv$ ! ,concord1 ! ,san ,jose1 & no d\bt ! ,*ase v>ieties4#a ,a nut :i* probably has receiv$ equally z mu*1 if n m1 att5tion at ! h&s ( exp]im5tal plant]s 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry is ! *e/nut4 ,j :5 ! introduction ( =eign /ra9s began1 hi/ory seems to h fail$ to make cle>2 b accord+ to ,p[ell#b g5]al dissem9ation 9 ! ,delaw>e section began ) introductions by ,eleu!rs ,irne du ,pont de ,nem\rs1 made at ab\t #ahjc4 ,x is said t "s ( ! orig9al trees plant$ at t "t ne> ! pres5t site ( ! du ,pont ,p[d] mills by ,mr4 du ,pont1 /ill surviv$ :5 ,mr4 ,p[ell record$ _! hi/ory 9 #ahih4 ,! spread ( bo? ,european & ,japanese *e/nuts & _! g5]al trial ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/]n ,/ates has be5 n>rat$ at =m] meet+s ( ?is association4 ,! *e/nut blight1 discov]$ on ,long ,isl& 9 #aijd1 aft] x _h app>5tly ga9$ sev]al ye>s' headway1 & :i* n[ seems fairly c]ta9 to h be5 introduc$ f ,japan1 has s monopoliz$ ! att5tion ( or*>di/s1 =e/]s1 l&scape g>d5]s & o!rs int]e/$ 9 ! *e/nut t = ! "t be+ little is be+ done ) x1 o!r ?an to /udy & discuss ?is disease4 ,:at ! f9al outcome w be no "o c pr$ict1 b x is n improbable t our pa?ologi/s w discov] "s practical means ( control1 or t a natural enemy to ! blight w appe>4 ,nor is x unlikely t immune /ra9s ( *e/nuts1 ei!r native or =eign1 w replace our pres5t groves & or*>ds1 9 case o!r ef=ts fail4 ,ano!r nut :i* has receiv$ a l>ge degree ( att5tion at ! h&s ( ! plant]s & ^u :i* hopes h be5 built f "t to "t is ! hazel1 or filb]t4 ,"h aga91 hi/ory seems to h fail$ u1 = z yet ! writ] has be5 able to le>n b little reg>d+ ! e>ly introductions into ?is c\ntry4 ,9 8 ,nut ,culturi/1 publi%$ 9 #ahif1 ,mr4 ,full] 7,a4 ,s47 reason$ t at t "t plants ( ! ,european hazels mu/ h be5 gr[n 9 ! g>d5s ( ?is c\ntry = at lea/ a hundr$ ye>s4 ,writ]s on pomology make little ref]5ce to ?is nut1 b accord+ to ,mr4 ,full]1 nurs]ym5's catalogs li/$ hazel v>ieties all ?r\gh ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,x 0 believ$ t ! hazel promis$ mu* = ! g>d5] & ! g5]al plant] :o wi%$ = e>ly returns4 ,! species seem$ capable ( readily adapt+ itself to cultivation1 & be+ a %rub r ?an a tree1 x requir$ little space4 ,x c\ld be cultivat$ along ) o!r g>d5 products at little additional exp5se = labor4 ,be+ an e>ly be>] x d\btless appeal$ /rongly to ! normal ,am]ican dem& = quick returns4 ,nev]!less1 ?is nut met ) its mortal foe 9 ! way ( a native fungus :i* 9 a great _m sections has prov$ entirely too mu* = ! ,european species4 ,:]e once ?is species 0 well repres5t$ up & d[n ! ,atlantic ,coa/1 few ( its repres5tatives are n[ to be f\nd4 ,"s e>ly att5tion 9 ^! ,ea/]n ,/ates has be5 paid to ! almond1 ano!r =eign species4 ,x is suppos$ t ?is nut is a native ( ! ,m$it]ranean bas94 ,j :5 x 0 fir/ tri$ on ! ,atlantic ,coa/ is n kn[n1 b ( ! nuts ?us f> m5tion$ x has prov$ to be ! lea/ promis+ = ! ,ea/]n section4 ,sometimes said to be z h>dy z ! pea*1 x has be5 f\nd to be ! mo/ exact+ 9 its requirem5ts ( soil & climate ( any important nut n[ gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,except ) c]ta9 ( ! h>d%ell v>ieties1 no almonds are n[ kn[n to be 9 any s5se successful ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,accord+ to ,wickson 7,e4 ,j47 9 8 ,cali=nia ,fruits1 ! almond is kn[n to h be5 introduc$ into ,cali=nia previ\s to #ahec4 ,at t "t ef=ts to build up an almond indu/ry on ! ,pacific ,coa/ began to assume a some:at s]i\s air4 ,aft] a half c5tury ( trials & m or less p]si/5t ef=t by ! ,cali=nia plant]s ! culture ( ?is nut has develop$ into ! ?ird mo/ important nut indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z = ! "t be+1 ! gr[+ ( ,p]sian walnuts c5t]$ 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia1 s did ! gr[+ ( almonds 9 ! ,sacram5to ,valley ( nor!rn ,cali=nia4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ?is p]iod ( e>ly ,am]ican nut gr[+ hi/ory1 little att5tion 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry 0 paid to ! native nuts4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! s\!a/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re exi/$ a l>ge portion ( ! c\ntry to :i* no *oice species ( nut trees 7 ei!r indig5\s or _h be5 introduc$4 ,necessity1 curi\s int]e/1 &1 m probably intellig5t purpose1 prompt$ sea capta9s1 ply+ f ,we/ to ,ea/ ,gulf ,coa/ ports1 ,ea/]n]s return+ home f visits 9 ! ,we/1 ,we/]n]s visit+ 9 ! ,ea/1 & no d\bt nomadic b&s ( ,indians1 to c>ry pecans f ! ,mississippi ,riv] & beyond1 to ! coa/ ( ,mississippi1 to ,alabama & ! ,s\? ,atlantic ,/ates1 :]e !y 7 plant$ z se$4 ,= fully a c5tury ! species gradually spread ov] ! pla9s sections ( ! ea/]n ,gulf & ,s\? ,atlantic ,/ates4 ,9 #ahdf1 accord+ to ,taylor 7,william ,a47 9 ! ,ye>book 7,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture7 ( #aijd1 a ,l\isiana slave succe$$ 9 graft+ a numb] ( pecan trees4 ,s f> z c n[ be le>n$1 really intellig5t int]e/ 9 pecan culture began ) t date1 al?\gh hi/ory records no fur!r successful propagation ( ! species until ab\t #ahhb :5 ,william ,nelson began to propagate ?is v>iety 9 8 nurs]y ne> ,new ,orleans4 ,soon aft]w>ds1 ,c4 ,e4 ,pab/ ( ,ocean ,spr+s1 ,miss41 & ,e4 ,e4 ,risi5 ( ,san ,saba1 ,texas1 jo9$ 9 ! pione] "w4 ,! late ,col4 ,w4 ,r4 ,/u>t ( ,ocean ,spr+s soon took "p by giv+ publicity to ! e>ly v>ieties4 ,gradually1 b /eadily1 *oice v>ieties develop$1 7 propagat$ & 7 dissem9at$4 ,or*>d plant+ foll[$1 b did n assume great importance until s9ce ab\t #aije4 ,! or*>ds1 !re=e1 7 /ill too "y at ! "t ! la/ c5sus 0 tak5 to h be5 9 be>+ to any ext5t4 ,h[ev]1 ! crop ( pecans f ! native =e/s & f s+le trees left /&+ 9 ! op5 space :]e ! =e/s _h be5 cle>$ is %[n by ! c5sus reports to h be5 ! second mo/ valuable ( ,am]ican nut crops 9 #aiji4 ,9 quantity1 ! production ( cultivat$ pecans is /ill slight 9 comp>ison ) t ( ! wild product or ) cultivat$ walnuts & almonds ( ! ,pacific ,coa/4 ,j n[1 h[ev]1 a great _m ( ! or*>ds1 plant$ ?is c5tury1 are beg9n+ to be> & n improbably ! production ( cultivat$ pecans w soon eclipse t ( ! =e/ product1 & be=e long w ov]haul ! lead n[ held by ! ,p]sian walnut4 ,?us1 briefly1 has be5 ! sep>ate hi/ory ( ! pr9cipal nuts ( ?is c\ntry4 ,collectively1 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican nut culture has be5 z foll[s3 ,nuts f =eign c\ntries :i* h be5 "u cultivation = c5turies h be5 m invit+ ?an h ! native & undevelop$ species1 & s h receiv$ ! major portion ( att5tion 9 ,am]ica4 ,!n too1 human nature has %[n itself 9 ! great] int]e/ tak5 by nut plant]s 9 =eign nuts in/ead ( ^? ne> at h&4 ,x is 9 sections remote f _! place ( orig9 t _m ( ! lead+ nuts h atta9$ _! greate/ degree ( p]fection4 ,?us1 ! av]age pecan ( ! ,atlantic ,coa/ is di/9ctly sup]ior to t ( ! we/]n ,gulf2 ! ,p]sian walnut sc>cely kn[n 9 ,p]sia is be/ kn[n 9 ,france & 9 s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,progress has be5 sl[ & n conc]t$4 ,se$l+ trees h be5 plant$ "u ! firm conviction t !y w\ld come true1 or because me?ods ( propagation o!r ?an by se$age 7 n und]/ood4 ,! ,p]sian walnut or*>ds ( ,cali=nia f :i* today ! bulk ( ! production is be+ realiz$1 are ( se$l+ trees4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,cali=nians h le>n$ _! lesson & today are replac+ _! or*>ds ) budd$ /ock z rapidly z possible4 ,!y h f\nd t :ile ! ,p]sian walnut1 :i* = c5turies has be5 gr[n f se$1 w reproduce itself fairly true to type1 x does n repeat true to v>iety4 ,e tree1 no matt] h[ c>efully its p>5tage may h be5 gu>d$1 is unlike any o!r4 ,! se$l+s diff] 9 traits ( vigor1 h>d9ess1 susceptibility to disease1 "t ( beg9n+ to be>1 productiv5ess1 & longevity1 & ! nuts v>y 9 size1 =m1 ?ickness ( %ell1 ease ( crack+1 & 9 k]nel *>act]i/ics4 ,! p ( ,cali=nia h also f\nd t 9 _m ways1 ,p]sian walnut trees on _! own roots are less desirable ?an are ^? budd$ or graft$ on ! roots ( "s black walnut4 ,! e>lie/ pecan plant]s likewise set se$l+ trees1 p>tly because no o!rs 7 available1 b m l>gely because ( a supposition t su* se$l+s w\ld come true4 ,lat] on1 plant]s *ose graft$ trees ( l>ge v>ieties1 irrespective ( o!rs' m]its or dem]its4 ,today1 ! or*>ds ( bo? se$l+ trees & illy-select$ v>ieties are be+ topwork$ at great exp5se ( "t1 labor1 & money4 ,9 ! nor!rn & ea/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! situation until v rec5tly has be5 "o ( practical /&/ill4 ,ef=ts ) =eign nuts h result$ 9 our be+ b little ahead ( ! />t+ po9t ( a c\ple ( c5turies ago4 ,! great majority ( ! ,p]sian walnut1 *e/nut1 & hazel trees :i* h be5 tri$ h fail$ u2 "s h ev5 br\ght fatal or ne>-fatal diseases to u4 ,at fir/ ?\ght1 we w\ld feel compell$ to ab&on all fur!r ef=ts ) ! =eign nuts2 b n all t h be5 tri$ are guilty ( (f5ce or failure4 ,"h & !re1 f ,new ,engl& to ,mi*igan & f ,m>yl& to ,miss\ri1 we are f9d+ occasional nut trees ei!r 9 gr\ps or /&+ s+ly1 :i* because ( _! age1 vigor1 productiv5ess1 & quantity & quality ( nuts1 appe> to be fit f\ndation /ock = ! v>ieties s mu* ne$$ 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,a numb] ( su* are be+ propagat$ by ! nurs]ym5 &1 z ! memb]s "h pres5t "k1 are be+ dissem9at$4 ,! pres5t great ne$ is = k reg>d+ ! location ( o!r su* trees1 n only ( ! =eign species1 b ( ! natives z well4 ,! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association & ! ,f$]al ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture at ,wa%+ton toge!r are seek+ to f9d ,p]sian1 ,japanese1 or black walnut1 ,asiatic1 ,european or ,am]ican *e/nut1 ,european or ,am]ican hazel1 & native butt]nut1 hickory1 pecan1 *9quap9 & bee* trees ( m ?an ord9>y m]it4 ,^u ! locat+ (1 & ! propagation f su* trees1 z new v>ieties1 app>5tly dep5ds ! future ( nut gr[+ ea/ ( ! ,mississippi & nor? ( ! ,ohio & ,potomac ,riv]s4 ,! appeal !re=e is made to ! own]s ( h>dy nut trees t !y drop a po/al to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 /at+ t !y desire a mail+ box & frank = s5d+ 9 a few specim5s ( ! nuts :i* !y believe to be ( m ?an av]age m]it4 ,! only exp5se necess>y to incur w be 9 ! price ( ! c>d1 & 9 ! tr\ble ( collect+ & pack+ ! nuts4 ,be=e mail+1 ! package %\ld be pla9ly m>k$ ) ! "n & address ( ! s5d]1 & a note %\ld be inclos$ giv+ in=mation reg>d+ ! location1 own]%ip1 be>+ habits1 etc41 ( ! tree f :i* ! nuts 7 obta9$4 ,if m conv5i5t1 ! nuts may be s5t to ?is association1 :i* 9 any case w be appris$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( all new v>ieties ( app>5t m]it :i* may be br\ght to light4 ,h[ev]1 no "o %\ld anticipate a great =tune z ! result ( any nut tree ( :i* he may f9d himself ! own]4 ,x is n possible = a v>iety to be ( especial value1 no matt] h[ promis+ ! p>5t tree may appe> to be1 until x has e/abli%$ pro( ( its adaptability & m]it 9 o!r sections remote f t ( its orig94 ,except 9 r>e cases x has be5 only aft] a v>iety ( any k9d ( fruit has become well kn[n by _m :o h te/$ x & spok5 = x t x has become popul> or 9 great dem&4 ,!re=e1 all !re w be 9 x = y1 if y *ance to be ! own] ( a nut tree ( m]it w be ! ?anks ( ?is ,association & po/]ity & ! probability ( hav+ ! v>iety nam$ 9 y\r honor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i %\ld l to drop a ^w ab\t ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal publi%$ "h at ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,i w\ld l to ask all ! memb]s ( ! ,association to make z mu* ef=t z !y possibly c to get new subscrib]s to ! ,j\rnal4 ,i don't own any /ock 9 x1 b ,i am talk+ purely 9 ! int]e/s ( nut culture4 ,)\t a magaz9e n9e t5?s ( our "w w\ld be entirely useless because x w\ld be lo/ to ! public4 ,"o ( ! duties ( ! memb]s %\ld be ! support ( ! organ :i* puts =? ! in=mation = :i* ?is organization /&s4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,me?ods ( propagat+ pecans1 hickories & walnuts h be5 discov]$ & us$1 at times1 = a c5tury4 ,i "k ( a man :o graft$ !m tw5ty ye>s ago 9 ,new ,j]sey1 b he left no records ( 8 me?ods4 ,! ,j\rnal helps u to keep ^! records4 ,?is association has a great v>iety ( contributors4 ,we h ) u m5 :o "w on ! exce$+ly practical end ( propagation4 ,w4 ,c4 ,re$ is a comb9ation ( ! /ud5t & ! propagator4 ,,hi/ory1 ,,dim5sions ,,& ,,crop ,,records ,,( ,,p>5t ,,nor!rn ,,pecan ,,trees1 ,,& ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,obs]vation ,,( ,,propagat$ ,,trees ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$1 ,,v9c5nes1 ,,indiana ,v>ieties ,9 consid]+ v>ieties ( ! nor!rn pecan1 !re are _m po9ts to be e/imat$1 su* z size1 ?9ness ( %ell1 crack+ quality1 quality ( k]nel1 gr[? ( trees 9 nurs]y & be>+ records4 ,! latt] is p]haps mo/ important4 ,:at we want are trees t w give u a fair crop annually2 next w\ld be ! crack+ qualities4 ,if !y crack easily & come out ( ! %ell ) a l>ge p]c5tage ( :ole meats ! size does n make s mu* diff]5ce1 = ultimately ! value ( a v>iety w be gaug$ l>gely by ! numb] ( p\nds ( :ole meats a bu%el1 or a giv5 numb] ( p\nds1 w produce4 ,i w\ld !re=e place prolific be>+ & crack+ qualities z ! two mo/ important po9ts to be consid]$ 9 select+ a v>iety wor?y ( plant+4 ,crop ,records ,9 consid]+ crop records ( ! diff]5t nor!rn v>ieties2 we h no graft$ or budd$ trees old en\gh z yet f :i* to make comp>isons1 & 9 consid]+ ! crops ( ! orig9al trees x is well to keep 9 m9d t _m ( ^! trees are locat$ 9 ! native =e/ )\t cultivation1 )\t prop] sunlight & ) a poor *ance = ! full developm5t ( ! tree2 also x is well to rememb] t sc>cely two trees h ! same surr\nd+s & conditions1 & t x is n (t5 t ! own] is able to secure ! entire crop f any "o tree1 be+ locat$ 9 ! =e/ :]e a l>ge "p ( ! crop is c>ri$ (f by o!rs4 ,) ^! conditions x is (t5 impossible to tell :at a c]ta9 tree may yield1 except by comp>ison ) =m] crops4 ,9 giv+ y ^! yields ,i am giv+ my own k s f> z ,i c1 & !n in=mation & e/imates f ! mo/ reliable s\rces at my comm&4 ,indiana ,?is v>iety is p]haps ! be/ kn[n 7ow+ l>gely to its "n71 & has n fail$ to produce at lea/ a p>tial crop annually = ! pa/ fifte5 ye>s4 ,s9ce x has be5 "u close obs]vation1 :i* has be5 ab\t sev5 to eight ye>s1 x has usually borne f #ajj to #cjj p\nds4 ,(t5 a l>ge "p ( ! crop has be5 /ol54 ,crop #aiab ab\t #bjj p\nds2 #aiac1 #bej p\nds2 #aiad1 ,i am confid5t w\ld h be5 #cjj p\nds4 ,! own] secur$ #abe p\nds2 balance c>ri$ (f by o!rs4 ,?is ye>1 #aiae1 is almo/ a failure2 j a light spr9kl+ ( nuts2 0 full ( blooms b ow+ to heavy cold ra91 fail$ to poll5ize4 ,! tree is locat$ 9 a cultivat$ field1 circumf]5ce ( tree is #e feet1 height ab\t #fj feet1 spread #ej to #fj feet4 ,buss]on ,?is is almo/ id5tical ) ,indiana1 & ! own] tells me has borne z _m z sev5 bu%els to twelve bu%els at a s+le crop4 ,! tree be+ v tall1 ! entire top 0 cut out ( x a few ye>s ago & x is j n[ comm5c+ to be> aga94 ,! l[] limbs1 h[ev]1 ( old] wood t 7 left1 h borne annual crops4 ,9 ! nurs]y ?is v>iety has %[n a t5d5cy to v e>ly be>+2 mo/ "o ye> trees1 spr+ #aiad1 set full ( catk9s1 & "o tree produc$ #af well-develop$ nuts4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 dropp$ dur+ ! extreme dr\? ( ,augu/4 ,! pa/ spr+ mo/ ,buss]on trees 9 ! nurs]y aga9 set full ( catk9s & at ! pres5t "t we h "o tree1 com+ two ye>s old f bud1 be>+ "o nut t is full gr[n & looks z ?\gh x w\ld mature dur+ ! next ?irty days4 ,sev]al o!r v>ieties h set full ( catk9s 9 ! nurs]y r[ b h n develop$ any pi/illate blossoms4 ,! ,buss]on has furni%$ mu* propagat+ wood & at ! pres5t "t !re are1 p]haps1 m trees gr[+ 9 ! nurs]ies ( ?is ?an ( any o!r nor!rn v>iety4 ,crop ( #aiae promises to be fairly good4 ,niblack ,crop ( #aiab1 #ajj p\nds2 crop #aiac1 ab\t #ej p\nds2 crop #aiad1 #bbe p\nds2 crop #aiae1 ,i w\ld e/imate at #ajj p\nds4 ,?is tree is v deceiv+2 ! top is r op5 & ! nuts are usually scatt]$ all ?r\gh4 ,! crop ( #aiad 0 n consid]$ heavy until aft] x 0 ga!r$4 ,! pa/ spr+ ?is tree bloom$ v full1 b ow+ to wet1 cold wea!r :5 9 full bloom did n set well4 ,size ( tree #ah to #bj in*es 9 diamet]2 #ej to #fj feet high ) #dj feet spread1 & is locat$ 9 a cultivat$ field4 ,posey ,crop ( #aiad 0 #abe p\nds sav$2 ?is tree is ab\t ! same size z ! ,niblack1 locat$ 9 ! edge ( a cornfield ne> heavy timb]1 be+ f> f any h\se4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! crop is (t5 /ol52 ! crops ( #aiaa & #aiab 7 n s heavy1 p]haps #ej to #ge p\nds4 ,x usually be>s a fair crop1 h[ev]1 b ,i d n consid] x a heavy cropp] l ! ,indiana or ,niblack4 ,its l>ge size & spl5did crack+ qualities1 h[ev]1 w make x a popul> v>iety & x may prove to be> mu* bett] on budd$ trees "u cultivation4 ,butt]ick ,?is giant tree /&s out 9 ! op5 field1 measures #ad feet 9 circumf]5ce1 #ij feet spread & p]haps #ajj feet high1 & usually be>s f #e to #g bu%els4 ,! own] tells me he has own$ ?is tree = =ty-f\r ye>s & t x has n miss$ m ?an two or ?ree crops dur+ t "t & t ! =m] own] told him he own$ ! tree = fifty ye>s & t x 0 a good siz$ tree :5 he b\ght ! f>m & be>+ regul> crops4 ,major ,crop #aiab1 #afj p\nds sav$1 & f :at in=mation ,i c get ?is tree usually be>s #ajj p\nds or m2 tree ab\t #c feet 9 diamet]1 #abj feet high & #fj feet to fir/ limb4 ,ow+ to its height & size x is v h>d to get mu* ( an e/imate 9 reg>d to ! crop x may c>ry until aft] x is ga!r$4 ,be+ locat$ 9 ! d5se =e/ a l>ge "p ( ! crop is (t5 c>ri$ (f4 ,gre5riv] ,tree is locat$ 9 ! same grove ) ! ,major1 is ab\t #c feet 9 diamet]1 #ce feet to fir/ limb1 crop #aiab report$ #bfj p\nds & has n miss$ a crop 9 twelve ye>s4 ,h _h no report = #aiae4 ,k5tucky ,crop #aiab1 #da_/b bu%els2 s9ce t has borne good crops1 b d n "k ! exact am\nt1 b fair crop ?is ye>4 ,! own] says x has only miss$ two crops 9 tw5ty ye>s4 ,w>rick ,?is tree be>s v regul>ly1 b ow+ to ! fact t x has be5 cut s sev]ely = propagat+ wood has n made any heavy yields ! pa/ few ye>s4 ,! old wood has heavy crop ?is season4 ,?is practically cov]s ! nam$ li/ ( v>ieties = ! ,indiana pecan belt4 ,i might say1 h[ev]1 t mo/ ( ! native trees are be>+ a v good crop ( pecans ?is season 9 our c\ntry4 ,obs]vations on ,propagat$ ,trees ,! ,buss]on has %[n a /rong] t5d5cy to e>ly be>+ ?an any o!r v>iety4 ,! ,major & ,gre5riv] seem to be ! be/ gr[]s 9 ! nurs]y1 ) v heavy foliage4 ,! ,posey makes a v /ocky tree b seems to be "o ( ! mo/ difficult to propagate4 ,s\!rn ,v>ieties ,! summ] ( #aiad we _h ! ,/u>t1 ,delmas & ,s*ley4 ,! fir/ kill+ fro/ 0 a sev]e cold snap2 m]cury dropp$ to #aj above z]o1 ,novemb] #bb;d4 ,foliage on ^! p]fectly gre5 z well z ! nuts4 ,! ,/u>t seem$ to h ab\t matur$ fruit al?\gh foliage 0 gre54 ,husk on nuts _h bur/ op5 ready to drop4 ,! fruit :i* look$ to be ripe1 h[ev]1 :5 crack$1 ! k]nel look$ plump1 b :5 cut op5 0 f\nd pi?y & m l a piece ( cork4 ,/u>t tree be>+ ?is season nuts at pres5t1 ,septemb] #a/1 only half gr[n1 :ile ,buss]on alongside 9 nurs]y r[ is full size4 ,! nor!rn v>ieties usually mature ready to ga!r ,octob] #a/2 ! ,indianas 9 ! j> on ! table 7 ga!r$ ,septemb] #bh? la/ ye>4 ,high ,l& v]sus ,l[ ,l&4 ,pecans 9 ,high ,l& ,!re h be5 a numb] ( articles writt5 by m5 well po/$ claim+ t ! pecan w n be> or ?rive except on ! cultivat$ bottom l&s ( our valleys & /reams4 ,! writ] wi%es to disprove ?is errone\s idea4 ,x is n borne out by facts4 ,on ! f>m ( ,w4 ,j4 ,coan ( ,bruceville1 ,knox ,c\nty1 ,ind41 !re are a numb] ( pecans plant$ f t5 to fifte5 ye>s ago4 ,"p ( ^! trees are on bottom l& & "p on high l&4 ,?is high l& is heavy clay und]laid ) consid]able h>dpan4 ,! writ] visit$ ^! trees two weeks ago & has photographs %[+ f\r trees 9 a gr\p t 7 plant$ fifte5 ye>s ago t h borne = ! pa/ six ye>s1 ea* crop gett+ bett]4 ,at ! pres5t "t ,i w\ld judge !y are be>+ at lea/ "o bu%el to ! tree4 ,a s+le tree 9 ! b>ny>d has n made ! gr[? ow+ to ! compact soil ar\nd x4 ,h[ev]1 x has borne q heavily1 comm5c$ be>+ at n9e ye>s ( age f se$4 ,! trees on ! bottom l& are n z l>ge & h n borne half z _m nuts z ! ones plant$ on high l&4 ,?is is ,mr4 ,coan's report & he says t 7 he plant+ aga9 he w\ld plant entirely on high gr\nd4 ,! trees %[n 9 ^! photographs are locat$ on p]haps ! highe/ elevation 9 ,knox ,c\nty1 ,ind4 ,!re are a numb] ( o!r trees ne> ! writ]'s home plant$ on high l& #aej feet above ! riv]1 back f ?ree to six miles1 t are l>ge trees1 measur+ #ah to #bd in*es 9 diamet] & be>+ regul> crops4 ,heavy clay l& seems to pu% a /rong] & m vigor\s gr[? ?an does ! m loamy1 d>k] soil4 ,i submit "h a numb] ( photographs tak5 ,augu/ #aj ( pecan trees 9 ! nurs]y r[1 budd$ "o ye> ago1 %[+ a gr[? ( f #d to #f feet1 _m ( !m #e to #g feet & "s #h feet high & /ill gr[+ rapidly4 ,^! 7 budd$ on f\r-ye>-old pecans4 ,propagation ,we h tri$ all kn[n me?ods ( propagat+ ! pecan ) v>i$ results2 "o ( ! me?ods y d n want to try is ! ,edw>ds me?od4 ,:ile x may be a success 9 ,texas1 :]e x orig9at$1 x is a mis]able failure 9 ! ,nor?4 ,graft+ above gr\nd is done aft] ! sap is well up1 & gives fair results4 ,h[ev]1 be/ results h be5 obta9$ by ! pat* bud me?od on se$l+s ?ree to f\r ye>s old4 ,good /rong se$l+s1 well-rip5$ buds cut f ! scion or*>d or f trees two ye>s old 9 ! nurs]y h giv5 be/ results--9 "s cases1 z high z #he p] c5t /& ! pa/ season4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,jones3 ,mr4 ,ru% _h a ,/u>t be>+ la/ ye> 9 s\?-ea/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,! nuts 7 n v l>ge b !y matur$ fairly well4 ,i am m enc\rag$ ?an ev] t ! ,indiana v>iety w be safe = use 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,i ?9k t if ! ,/u>t bloom$ z e>ly z ! o!rs x w\ld be all "r1 b x is ab\t two weeks lat]4 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i don't believe 9 ! ,/u>t v mu*3 ,i h bett] pecans myself1 h>dy 9 ! nor?4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,i wi% to corroborate ,mr4 ,re$'s po9t ab\t ! success ( ! pecan on high l&4 ,"o man is1 ,i believe1 responsible = t widely circulat$ /atem5t t ! pecan w gr[ only on alluvial l&4 ,i h travell$ a ?\s& miles 9 inve/igat+ t fact1 & f\nd x a fallacy4 ,"s ( ! bigge/ pecan trees ,i h ev] se5 7 gr[+ at #ijj feet elevation d[n 9 ,georgia4 ,?is 0 on clay hills4 ,i h se5 ! same ?+ 9 ,raleigh4 ,t alluvial soil bus9ess is a hoax4 ,?is ends ! intellectual side ( our program4 ,bus9ess meet+4 ,meet+ adj\rn$ s9e die at #aj ,p4 ,m4 ,,walnut ,,obs]vations ,,9 ,,cali=nia#c ,l4 ,d4 ,,bat*elor1 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia1 ,,citrus ,,exp]im5t ,,/ation1 ,,riv]side1 ,,cali=nia4 ,! walnut indu/ry ( ,cali=nia is j ent]+ a transition p]iod f ! plant+ ( se$l+ groves to ! e/abli%$ plant+s ( graft$ trees4 ,j z o!r se$l+ fruit trees1 su* z ! orange1 apple1 pea*1 almond1 etc41 h be5 elim9at$1 s too1 ! se$l+ walnut groves ( ,cali=nia seem doom$ to be replac$ by clonal v>ieties4 ,9 _m ways ?is indu/ry is z mu* 9 its infancy z ! apple indu/ry ( ,new ,york 0 sixty-five ye>s ago1 :5 v>ieties fir/ began to be propagat$ 9 a comm]cial way by graft+ & budd+4 ,?is readju/m5t 9 ! walnut indu/ry is well />t$1 &1 al?\gh x is likely to be gradual 9 its evolution1 & wisely s1 ! *ange seems nev]!less c]ta94 ,!re are b a v few se$l+ trees = sale at ! pres5t "t by ! progressive nurs]ies1 &1 9 fact1 only a v few su* trees h be5 set out 9 groves dur+ ! pa/ f\r or five ye>s4 ,! dem& = graft$ trees has be5 br\ght ab\t l>gely by ! wide range ( v>iation 9 walnut se$l+s z reg>ds _! productivity1 comm]cial value ( ! nuts1 season ( h>ve/ & ability ( ! trees to resi/ ! walnut blight4 ,9 view ( ! v rec5t propagation ( ! walnut by graft+1 :i* has ext5d$ ov] only ab\t t5 to twelve ye>s1 x is reasonable to expect t ! majority ( ! v>ieties ?us propagat$ s e>ly 9 ! developm5t ( ! indu/ry are only p>tially suit$ to ! ne$s ( ! walnut gr[]4 ,! nuts f _m ( ^! graft$ v>ieties fall consid]ably %ort ( ! comm]cial /&>d = high-grade walnuts4 ,"s ( ! heavie/-be>+ sorts1 su* z ! ,*ase1 ,prolific & ,el ,monte1 produce nuts t _c be sold 9 ! v be/ grade ( ! comm]cial product4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,plac5tia1 :i* produces "o ( ! mo/ ne>ly ideal comm]cial nuts1 is n a heavy-produc+ v>iety1 especially 9 ! nor!rn walnut sections1 & is q z susceptible to walnut blight z ! av]age se$l+ tree4 ,aga91 ! ,eureka v>iety1 :i* seems to successfully avoid ! walnut blight dur+ _m seasons by its lat5ess 9 com+ into bloom1 is a v mod]ately yield+ v>iety 9 ! s\!rn sections4 ,! above examples are only a few ( _m t might be cit$ to %[ ! %ort-com+s ( mo/ ( ! v>ieties ( walnuts n[ be+ propagat$4 ,! wide range ( climatic & soil conditions makes ! ev5tual propagation ( q a l>ge numb] ( v>ieties inevitable4 ,:ile ! coa/ regions are ba!d 9 fog ne>ly e morn+ dur+ ! gr[+ season1 ! inl& valleys exp]i5ce an extremely dry climate ) high maximum temp]atures4 ,walnuts are be+ gr[n at ! pres5t "t on soil types v>y+ f ! extremes ( s& to heavy clay loams4 ,_m ( ! future v>ieties mu/ be especially adapt$ to "s "o ( ^! p>ticul> environm5ts if !y are to /& ! te/ ( "t4 ,_m ( ! pres5t se$l+ groves are ( unc]ta9 orig9 & repres5t greatly v>y+ values4 ,no d\bt "s ( ^! groves are ! prog5y ( especially select$ trees kn[n to h consid]able m]it4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is v app>5t t _m ( !m are ! result ( a great dem& = se$l+ trees :5 ! indu/ry 0 9 its infancy tw5ty or ?irty ye>s ago4 ,at t "t )\t d\bt1 great quantities ( walnuts 7 plant$ )\t due reg>d = _! p>5tage4 ,aga91 !re is a wide range ( v>iability among ! individual trees ( any grove1 z v>iations 9 type ( tree1 bloom+ season1 "* ( foliage1 resi/ance to disease1 productivity & "* ( ! nuts4 ,type ( ,tree ,! tree types v>y f ! upright1 /urdy individual to ! m or less spread+1 weep+ types :i* droop ne>ly to ! gr\nd "u ! burd5 ( ! crop4 ,! upright1 vigor\s gr[+ type is well exemplifi$ 9 ! ,eureka4 ,on ! o!r h&1 su* v>ieties z ! ,prolific h a spread+1 bu%y habit & an almo/ semi-dw>fness *>act]izes _! gr[?4 ,bloom+ ,season ,x is n unusual to f9d ! bloom+ season 9 an ord9>y se$l+ grove ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( f a mon? to six weeks4 ,a few individual trees leaf out & blossom ) ! fir/ signs ( spr+4 ,!n ! great majority ( ! trees 9 ! grove come out 9 full leaf4 ,b !re are frequ5tly trees /ill leafless aft] ! nuts on ! e>ly individuals are ( ! size ( a m>ble4 ,?is v>iation 9 ! bloom+ season has consid]able economic importance 9 relation to ! h>ve/+ & m>ket+ ( ! nuts z well z ! avoidance ( diseases & fro/ :i* may be m preval5t dur+ c]ta9 p]iods 9 ! spr+4 ,foliage ,*>act]i/ics ,! "* ( ! foliage v>ies f ! broad-leav$ types1 ^: foliage some:at resembles t ( ! horse-*e/nut1 to ! n>r[-leav$ v>ieties ^: leaves h a t5d5cy to curl up l ! foliage ( ! ,w9esap apple4 ,! broad-leav$ types are mu* m d5sely foliat$ & ?is factor has consid]able be>+ on ! problems ( sun-scald on ! twigs & trunks ( ! tree & ! exposure ( ! nuts to ?is injury4 ,= ?is reason1 ! d5sely foliat$ v>ieties may prove be/ adapt$ to ! inl& valleys1 :]e ! difficulties ( sun-scald are mo/ preval5t4 ,! m sp>sely foliat$ types (t5 appe> to h less blight on ! nuts & leaves because ( _! exposure to ! sun%9e4 ,disease ,resi/ance ,probably "o ( ! mo/ important limit+ factors 9 walnut production 9 ,cali=nia1 & especially 9 ! old] walnut sections1 is ! bact]ial disease commonly kn[n z walnut blight4 ,! inroads ( ?is disease h caus$ a v heavy dropp+ ( ! nuts dur+ _m seasons ( ! pa/1 & al?\gh a great deal ( "t & sci5tific ef=t has be5 devot$ to ! control ( ! tr\ble1 !re is no satisfactory kn[n means = ! prev5tion ( walnut blight at ! pres5t "t4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t 9 ! vegetable k+dom closely relat$ species suff] 9 diff]5t degrees f ! attacks ( ! same p>asite4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 resi/ance is (t5 z m>k$ among diff]5t v>ieties ( ! same species z betwe5 ! species !mselves4 ,! abs5ce ( blight is n necess>ily an indication ( immunity4 ,!re is a great deal ( diff]5ce 9 ! am\nt ( blight preval5t at ! pres5t season 9 ! diff]5t walnut gr[+ sections4 ,aga91 ! immunity f blight ( a p>ticul> tree = "o season may be foll[$ by m or less preval5cy ( blight on ! same tree ! next season4 ,! degree ( resi/ance mu/ be te/$ out ?r\gh a numb] ( ye>s be=e any v>iety c be pron\nc$ resi/ant to ?is disease4 ,! obs]vations mu/ also be c>ri$ out 9 diff]5t localities z c]ta9 v>ieties seem to behave diff]5tly on diff]5t soils & :5 gr[+ "u diff]5t climatic conditions4 ,"s v>ieties seem to avoid ! blight ! majority ( ! seasons b really h little or no resi/ant qualities :5 ! seasonal conditions & ! gr[? ( ! plant happ5 to co9cide ) ! mo/ favorable "t = ! spread ( ! disease4 ,an example ( ?is is se5 9 ! ,eureka v>iety ! pres5t season4 ,:ile ?is v>iety has ma9ta9$ a reputation dur+ a majority ( seasons = fre$om f blight1 dur+ ! pres5t ye> ! ,eureka is badly diseas$ 9 c]ta9 sections ( ,orange ,c\nty4 ,?is may1 p]haps1 be expla9$ by ! preval5ce ( damp1 cl\dy wea!r = ab\t a week or t5 days dur+ ! fir/ ( ,may :5 ?is v>iety 0 9 full bloom4 ,9 "o grove "u obs]vation ! trees 7 ?\ght to h lo/ at lea/ #ej p] c5t ( _! blossoms soon aft] bloom+4 ,at ! pres5t "t on ^! same trees1 #cb p] c5t ( ! nuts are afflict$ ) m or less blight4 ,to be sure1 "s ( ^! w likely mature1 b ! appe>ance ( blight on ne>ly "o ?ird ( ! crop %[s t ?is v>iety has v little resi/ant p[] aga9/ walnut blight4 ,its fre$om f disease 9 ! pa/ has no d\bt be5 due l>gely to its dormancy dur+ ! mo/ favorable wea!r conditions = ! spread ( blight4 ,! field = ! selection ( blight resi/ant v>ieties mu/ necess>ily be 9 ! badly blight$ sections4 ,a tree ) only #aj p] c5t blight$ nuts 9 an or*>d hav+ an av]age ( #gj p] c5t to #hj p] c5t may really be m resi/ant to blight ?an a v>iety :i* appe>s to be positively free f ! disease :5 gr[+ among trees :i* are only #ae p] c5t to #bj p] c5t blight$4 ,9 mak+ obs]vations & selections1 !re=e1 x is q z important to "k ! am\nt ( blight on ! surr\nd+ trees & ! grove1 z a :ole1 z x is to "k ! preval5ce ( blight on ! select$ individual4 ,! extreme v>iation ( diff]5t se$l+ trees 9 _! susceptibility to ?is disease is well illu/rat$ 9 "s ( ! foll[+ obs]vations :i* 7 made ! pres5t ye>4 ,! p]c5tages :i* foll[ ! v>ieties nam$ 7 det]m9$ by c\nt+ at lea/ #ajj nuts on a tree j be=e ! blight$ nuts began to drop4 ,9 a se$l+ grove 9 ! ,:itti] di/rict ab\t #cjj trees 7 exam9$ & #ajj nuts c\nt$ on ea* tree4 ,! individual trees v>i$ f #b p] c5t to #he p] c5t blight$ nuts1 :ile ! grove z a :ole av]ag$ #be p] c5t4 ,!re 7 at lea/ a doz5 or fifte5 trees 9 ?is grove :i* 7 blight$ less ?an #aj p] c5t1 al?\gh "s ( ! ne>by trees 7 blight$ z high z #fj p] c5t or #gj p] c5t4 ,ano!r se$l+ grove 9 ,orange ,c\nty :i* 0 c\nt$ 9 ! same way1 av]ag$ #dg p] c5t blight$ nuts dur+ ! second week 9 ,june4 ,9 mak+ ?is det]m9ation #aje trees 7 exam9$4 ,9 ?is same grove1 !re 71 h[ev]1 at lea/ ?ree trees :i* av]ag$ less ?an #f p] c5t blight$ nuts4 ,x is int]e/+ to "k t ! ,plac5tia v>iety1 gr[+ )9 a /one's ?r[ ( ! a=em5tion$ se$l+ grove & "u id5tical cultural conditions1 0 blight$ to ! ext5t ( #ga4i p] c5t on ! same date4 ,obs]vations ( ! ,prolific 7,w>e's7 9 ! vic9ity ( ! above m5tion$ grove1 %[$ less ?an #a p] c5t blight$ nuts on ! trees & practically none ( ! nuts h dropp$ to ! gr\nd at ! pres5t "t1 yet 9 ! pa/ ?is v>iety has n _h a reputation = disease immunity4 ,! orig9al ,*ase tree 0 obs]v$ dur+ ?is "t & %[$ a p]c5tage ( #cg p] c5t blight$ nuts4 ,^! examples are giv5 nei!r 9 support ( any p>ticul> v>iety nor to discr$it o!rs1 b are not$ m]ely to call att5tion to ! wide v>iation1 & ?is v>iation is a great s\rce ( enc\ragem5t 9 our endeavors to produce a disease resi/ant v>iety4 ,( c\rse blight immunity is n ! only factor to be consid]$ 9 select+ a v>iety ( walnut4 ,a pr(itable yield ( good comm]cial nuts is ! real te/ ( ! sup]iority ( any v>iety4 ,a v heavy yield+ tree ) a small am\nt ( blight may prove m pr(itable ?an a light yield+ v>iety t is totally immune to ?is disease4 ,! production ( a m$ium grade nut :i* w\ld grade only z a se$l+ ,no #a1 might prove m pr(itable if ! tree is at lea/ p>tially blight immune ?an ! production ( su* a high grade nut z ! ,plac5tia ) its susceptibility to blight4 ,^! ?+s mu/ be consid]$ & weigh$ c>efully by ! gr[]s :o are plant+ walnuts 9 ! blight sections4 ,! v>i\s areas :]e walnut blight is n a factor might pr(itably sacrifice heavy production to sup]ior quality4 ,f our pres5t k x is v app>5t t ! disease resi/ance ( individual trees v>ies consid]ably f ye> to ye> & "u diff]5t soil & climatic conditions4 ,! ?or\gh te/+ ( resi/ant v>ieties w require consid]able "t4 ,nut ,*>act]i/ics ,! "* ( ! nuts is z v>iable z ! trees !mselves1 n only 9 ! ext]ior appe>ance1 b 9 ! "* ( ! meats z well4 ,! ideal comm]cial nut %\ld be ( m$ium size1 ab\t "o & "o-eigh? to "o & "o-half in*es 9 diamet]1 ( regul> oval =m some:at elongat$1 ) smoo? surface1 & light br[n color1 & uni=m = ^! *>act]s4 ,! crack+ quality ( ! nuts is q z important z _! ext]ior appe>ance4 ,! nuts %\ld be well seal$ s !y w n crack op5 9 %ipp+4 ,! %ells %\ld be ?9 b /rong1 s ! nut may be easily op5$ & ! :ole meat tak5 out intact4 ,! pellicle surr\nd+ ! k]nel %\ld be light tan color$ or silv]y br[n ) a glossy wax$ appe>ance attractive to look ^u4 ,! meat %\ld be smoo?1 & plump1 av]ag+ #ej p] c5t or m ( ! total weight ( ! nut1 & ) a mild1 pleasant flavor1 free f any a/r+5cy4 ,! %ells v>y all ! way f extremely r\gh & unattractive specim5s to ! smoo? comm]cial type1 z ! ,plac5tia1 :ile ! color ( ! meats v>ies f d>k br[n to ne>ly :ite1 & s on ?r\gh ! o!r *>act]i/ics m5tion$4 ,9 ! selection ( v>ieties ! walnut bre$] is exceptionally favor$ by ! occurr5ce ( l>ge areas ( se$l+ trees4 ,accord+ to ! #aiaj c5sus !re 7 9 ! neighborhood ( "o & a qu>t] million se$l+ trees gr[+ 9 ,cali=nia4 ,) ?is almo/ unlimit$ mat]ial = selective use1 x seems inde$ reasonable t _m v>ieties w be select$ 9 ! future :i* are bett] adapt$ to ! dem&s ( ! indu/ry ?an "s ( ^? n[ be+ propagat$4 ,by means ( hybridiz+ me?ods x is also hop$ t "s ( ! desirable unit *>act]s ( ! v>ieties n[ 9 cultivation may be recomb9$ into m ne>ly ideal v>ieties = future g5]ations4 ,! fact t walnut bre$+ is necess>ily a long-t]m$1 exp5sive problem has made x r unattractive to ! practical bre$]s4 ,su* "w w dep5d l>gely ^u public or specially end[$ in/itutions = its support4 ,,prun+ ,,! ,,p]sian ,,walnut ,j4 ,g4 ,,ru%1 ,,we/ ,,will[1 ,,pa4 ,prun+ is z old z horticulture itself1 b ! ,p]sian walnut has escap$ ?is treatm5t ?us f>4 ,practical exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 9 gr[+ ^! trees = fruit+1 %[s ! great importance ( sy/ematic prun+4 ,x is a common occurr5ce to see a "y tree ) /raggl+ & irregul> gr[?s4 ,v frequ5tly we see t gr[? takes place on "p ( ! tree only1 leav+ ! o!r "p undevelop$1 :i* w\ld ?r[ ! tree v mu* out ( balance 9 c\rse ( "t4 ,prun+ %\ld beg9 e>ly 9 ! life ( ! "y tree & z soon z x leaves ! nurs]y ! prun+ %e>s %\ld be 9 evid5ce4 ,!re are two important objects 9 view 9 prop] & sy/ematic prun+4 ,fir/ is =m1 ) a well balanc$ head4 ,second1 to increase productiv5ess by hav+ m lat]al bran*es prop]ly di/ribut$ all ov] ! tree4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse productiv5ess w foll[4 ,x is a s+ul> fact t a mis=tune c sometimes develop into a bless+4 ,la/ ye>1 #aiad1 0 an un=tunate "o 9 t an e>ly & late dr\? caus$ poor bud developm5t1 &1 ( c\rse1 !y 7 n 9 a condition to )/& our usual w9t] wea!r4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aiae1 z soon z bud developm5t took place1 ,i comm5c$ to prune4 ,i cut (f all weak bran*es to a /rong bud & sometimes w5t ov] ! trees a second "t 9 ord] to insure t ! "w %\ld be well done4 ,^! trees ref]r$ to are mo/ly ?ree ye>s old & at t age ! prun+ %\ld be done v sy/ematically4 ,x is a mi/ake to h a tree ?ree or f\r ye>s old 9 be>+4 ,y w h bran*es f #b to #d feet long )\t any lat]als1 q diff]5tly f o!r fruits1 z ! apple1 pea*1 pe>1 etc4 ,if ^! long bran*es are all[$ to rema9 y w f9d t ! t]m9al buds w develop nuts & weigh d[n ! bran*4 ,b ) prop] managem5t ! life & productiv5ess ( ! tree c be improv$ by prun+4 ,a bran* #c or #d feet long %\ld be cut back "o half4 ,( c\rse great c>e mu/ be tak5 :]e ! cut is made1 = ! future welf>e ( ! tree4 ,i h a v f9e five-ye>-old ,hall v>iety on my side lawn t %[s ! neglect ( prop] prun+ at ! "r "t4 ,! bran*es are entirely too long & droop+4 ,9 ord] to ov]come ?is defect ,i w h to cut back to two-ye>-old wood & =ce ! dormant buds = ! future tree4 ,!re is ano!r great advantage 9 ! prop] me?od ( prun+ ! "y ,p]sian1 t is1 t ! f9e/ k9d ( bud wood becomes available4 ,y w please rememb] t 9 prun+ ! walnut we are n prun+ = color z ) o!r fruits4 ,! tree %\ld be z r\nd head$ z a ,norway maple1 & if "s ( ! limbs %\ld %[ indications ( weakness by cr[d+ !n cut !m out = ! b5efit ( o!rs close by4 ,,report ,,on ,,nut ,,gr[+ ,,9 ,,canada ,g4 ,h4 ,,corsan1 ,,toronto ,n be+ able to meet ) y ?is ,septemb]1 z ,i h to g d[n to ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi1 ,i s5d ?is pap] to y\r presid5t ^: pap] on ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 we all read 9 ! ,c\ntry ,g5tlem5 ( ,july #g1 & s mu* admir$4 ,progress has n be5 made on my place suffici5t to w>rant my invit+ y to ,toronto next conv5tion1 b ,i w say t ! ye> aft] next ,i w c]ta9ly h some?+ wor? see+4 ,b ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,kellogg ( ,battle ,creek1 ,mi*41 ext5ds an invitation to y to hold ! next conv5tion at ! ,battle ,creek ,sanit>ium :]e nuts & nut prep>ations are us$ exclusively 9 ! place ( meat & fi% & f[l4 ,"h at ,battle ,creek on ,dr4 ,kellogg's private gr\nds & on ! ,sanit>ium gr\nds may be se5 ,colonel ,sob]'s ,p>agon *e/nuts1 ,mr4 ,pom]oy's ,engli% walnuts & ,mr4 ,re$'s graft$ pecans1 z well z "s graft$ p]simmons ( nam$ v>ieties4 ,9 my /atem5t 9 ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal la/ ,may or ,june ,i m5tion$ t all ! graft$ p]simmons s5t f ,wa%+ton 7 w9t]-kill$4 ,i f9d on return+ 9 ,augu/ t ! ,e>ly ,gold5 is v mu* alive4 ,twelve o!r v>ieties h be5 plant$ to see :at ?is w9t] w d to !m4 ,! p]simmon is exce$+ly int]e/+ to u nor!rn nut gr[]s because :]e x w succe$ ! pecan w also1 )\t a d\bt4 ,n[ ,i also f9d t my /atem5t 9 ! same pap] t ! graft$ pecans s5t by ,mr4 ,re$ 7 w9t]-kill$ 0 an error1 z only c]ta9 trees fail$ to gr[ above ! graft4 ,^? t are gr[+ are ! ,major1 ,buss]on & ,indiana1 ! ,buss]on %[+ mo/ decid$ly bett] ?an ! ,indiana1 bo? "h & at ,toronto4 ,all pecans liv$1 bo? "h & at ,toronto1 if ,i include ^? t sprung up bel[ ! graft4 ,out ( ?irte5 v>ieties t ,i exp]im5t$ ) at ,toronto1 ,major1 ,posey & ,niblack 7 ! only ones t liv$ well above ! graft & %[$ no w9t]-kill+4 ,o!rs 7 m or less w9t]-kill$4 ,k5tucky1 ,mantura1 ,appomattox1 ,luce & ,gre5riv] %[$ no desire to live 9 ! nor?4 ,mr4 ,pom]oy's ,engli% walnuts %[$ a mo/ di/9ct dislike = ,toronto1 b all =ty-eight are do+ well "h & are be+ c>$ =4 ,colonel ,sob]'s ,p>agon *e/nuts %[$ ! mo/ det]m9$ attempt to n gr[ ! ,p>agon "p ( ! tree1 & an equally det]m9$ m9d to gr[ good & /rong bel[ ! ,p>agon "p--may ?is "p yield good trees6 ,i h ?ree or f\r ,p>agons left out ( #ace trees4 ,pecans grew z _m z f\r feet bo? "h & at ,toronto ?is summ]4 ,( ! new trees s5t f ,wa%+ton two specim5s ( ,ca/anea ,cr5ata 7f ! nor? ,isl& ( ,japan71 six specim5s ( ,ca/anea ,mollissima 7almo/ blight pro(1 f nor? ,*9a7 all are ?riv+4 ,juglans regia s95sis liv$ to ! tip ?r\gh ! w9t] & budd$ out /rong f ! top1 z did ,j4 cordi=mis--may x always be s4 ,re ,dr4 ,dem+'s "q z to ! f>!rmo/ nor!rn pecans ,i said ,*>les ,city1 ,i[a4 ,n[ ^! =ty trees 7 plant$ tw5ty ye>s ago & are all alive & yield crops1 b ! nuts are small z !y are se$l+s4 ,write ,mr4 ,*>les ,d4 ,patt5 re h[ 8 trees are do+ & _! hi/ory4 ,he has be5 ask+ ,mr4 ,re$ = scions ( bett] trees4 ,i h five types ( soil to gr[ my trees 91 /iff clay1 ri* gravel1 quicks& & humus1 light s& & silt or bottom l&1 well dra9$4 ,i h no s\r1 undra9$ spot on my fifte5 acres4 ,,app5dix ,,pres5t ,,at ,,! ,,six? ,,annual ,,meet+ ,,( ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,h5ry ,t4 ,br[n1 ,ro*e/] ,mrs4 ,mc,lean1 ,ro*e/] ,rev4 ,a4 ,c4 ,crapsey1 ,ro*e/] ,pr(4 ,fair*ild1 ,univ]sity ,ro*e/] ,*as4 ,e4 ,bunnell1 ,ro*e/] ,s4 ,w4 ,taylor1 ,/am=d1 ,conn4 ,h]b]t ,e4 ,+ram1 #dcb #d? ,ave41 ,new ,york ,dr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,jackson1 ,dansville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,m>?a ,ru%1 ,new ,provid5ce1 ,lanca/] ,co41 ,pa4 ,edna ,myl91 ,will[ ,/41 ,pa4 ,paul ,:ite1 ,boonville1 ,ind4 ,j4 ,g4 ,ru%1 ,we/ ,will[1 ,pa4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,john ,s4 ,p>i%1 ,ea/ham1 ,va4 ,?os4 ,p4 ,littlepage1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,dem+1 ,georget[n1 ,conn4 ,ralph ,t4 ,olcott1 ,ro*e/] ,dr4 ,robt4 ,t4 ,morris1 ,new ,york ,city ,dean ,bak]1 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,e4 ,r4 ,ang/1 ,wilm+ton1 ,del4 ,h4 ,l4 ,grubbs1 ,fairview1 ,pa4 ,m4 ,e4 ,wile1 ,ro*e/] ,h>ry ,r4 ,web]1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio ,frank ,a4 ,bailey1 ,ro*e/] ,e4 ,e4 ,/reet]1 ,ro*e/] ,c4 ,k4 ,sob]1 ,lewisburg1 ,pa4 ,w4 ,c4 ,re$1 ,v9c5nes1 ,ind4 ,m4 ,p4 ,re$1 ,v9c5nes1 ,ind4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?1 ,sw>?more1 ,pa4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,c>l ,j4 ,poll1 ,danville1 ,ill4 ,walt] ,c4 ,tet]1 ,new ,york ,city ,jas4 ,s4 ,mc,glennon1 ,ro*e/] ,conrad ,voll]ts51 ,ro*e/] ,h4 ,l4 ,reynolds1 ,can&aigua1 ,n4 ,y4 ,pr(4 & ,mrs4 ,f4 ,n4 ,fagan1 ,/ate ,college1 ,pa4 ,jas4 ,rissew1 ,mac$on1 ,n4 ,y4 ,j4 ,c4 ,s\?1 ,ro*e/] ,r4 ,l4 ,fitzg]ald1 ,ro*e/] ,h4 ,m4 ,br[n1 ,fairport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,nellie ,doty ,butts1 ,b>n>ds1 ,n4 ,y4 ,h4 ,goodall1 ,sp5c]port1 ,n4 ,y4 ,john ,rick1 ,read+1 ,pa4 ,w4 ,a4 ,h4 ,reid]1 ,read+1 ,pa4 ,adelb]t ,?ompson1 ,ea/ ,avon1 ,n4,y4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,a4 ,c4 ,pom]oy1 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,daniel ,pom]oy1 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,h[>d ,pom]oy1 ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y4 ,c4 ,c4 ,laney1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,john ,dunb>1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,e4 ,b4 ,hold51 ,hilton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,b4 ,s4 ,abrams1 ,*>lotte1 ,n4 ,y4 ,h5ry ,hoh5]1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y4 ,dr4 ,*>les ,=bes1 ,brick ,*ur* ,in/itute1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,program ,,= ,,automobile ,,trips ,,septemb] #a,,/ ,,& #b;,d1 #aiae ,! program bel[ is int5d$ z a guide only4 ,x may be necess>y on acc\nt ( conditions to v>y ?is4 ,x is !re=e highly important t all automobiles foll[ "o ano!r along ! l9es lat] designat$ 9 ?is %eet4 ,on ! aft]noons ( ,septemb] #a/ & #b;d1 we propose to drive 9 automobiles to ! v>i\s trees ( int]e/ 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ,ro*e/]4 ,! limit ( ! trip on ,septemb] #a/ w be ,hilton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,! pres5t plan is to visit ! trees 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 #a--bcj ,s>atoga ,av5ue1 ,p]sian ,walnut se$l+2 #b--,kram]1 ,em]son ,/reet & ,lake ,av5ue1 ,p]sian ,walnut 7,?is is ! p>5t tree ( ! ,?ompson ,grove se$l+s at ,ea/ ,avon1 ,n4 ,y472 #c--,riv]side ,cemet]y1 ,hybrid ,hickory ,laneyii 7tree nam$ aft] ,mr4 ,calv9 ,c4 ,laney1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,p>ks1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y41 by ,dr4 ,s>geant ( ! ,arnold ,arboretum72 #d--,we/gate f>m1 ,/one ,road1 ,p]sian ,walnut se$l+s & filb]ts 7nuts = ! se$l+ trees & filb]t bu%es import$ f ,engl&72 #e--,w4 ,h4 ,&]son & ,wm4 ,twit*ill1 ,ridge ,road1 se$l+ ,walnut 7( ^! "o tree #aje ye>s old72 #f--;,hilton1 ,n4 ,y41 ,hold5 trees1 f :i* ! ,hold5 ,walnuts orig9at$2 #g--,mc,glennon ,nurs]y1 ,d5ise ,road1 filb]t plant+s1 two ye>s old2 #h--;,clif=d ,av5ue1 betwe5 ,/4 ,paul ,/reet & ,cl9ton ,av5ue ,nor?1 se$l+ ,walnuts2 #i--,spiegel ,p>k1 se$l+ ,walnuts2 #aj--;,culv] ,road & ,p>sells ,av5ue1 ,hybrid ,walnut & ,butt]nuts4 7,end ( trip ,septemb] #a/1 #aiae7 ,septemb] #b;d1 #aiae #a--;,gregory ,/reet1 ,mc,glennon ,nurs]y1 filb]ts2 #b--;,highl& ,p>k1 ,hazel2 #c--,we/ ,brighton1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,j4 ,mill]1 se$l+ ,walnuts2 #d--;,golah1 ,n4 ,y41 ,k+ ,nut ,hickory2 #e--,se$l+ ,walnut grove1 ,adelb]t ,?ompson1 ,ea/ ,avon1 ,n4 ,y4 ,all automobiles int5d$ to convey memb]s ( ! ,association w h a sign ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association4 ,all c>s w foll[ a pilot c>1 :i* w be pla9ly m>k$4 ,!re w be "o relief c>1 :i* w be pla9ly m>k$1 & w c>ry no pass5g]s except 9 em]g5cy4 ,9 ! ev5t ( any break-d[n 9 an automobile1 ! em]g5cy c> w imm$iately pick up ! pass5g]s ( ! "o delay$1 & transf] its sign to ! delay$ c>4 ,! delay$ c>1 aft] repairs1 w act z a relief c> 9 its place4 ,! />t ( bo? trips w be made f ,p[]s ,hotel at #a3de ,p4 ,m4 ,all memb]s are reque/$ to be on h& promptly1 z ! sev]al /ops w consume consid]able "t4 ,unless delay 9 />t+ is provid$ aga9/1 ! trip may be prolong$ beyond a com=table limit4 ,local ,committee ,ralph ,t4 ,olcott ,supt4 ,c4 ,c4 ,laney1 ,p>k ,dept4 ,as/4 ,supt4 ,john ,dunb>1 ,p>k ,dept4 ,m4 ,e4 ,wile ,mrs4 ,w4 ,d4 ,ellwang] ,james ,s4 ,mc,glennon ,w4 ,rob]t ,bruce ,john ,hall1 ,secy4 ,w4,n4,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,,exhibits ,corylus cornuta ,beak$ ,hazel ,bran* ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,corylus avellana ,european ,hazel ,/em %[+ blight ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,corylus colurna ,byzant9e ,hazel ,bran* ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,corylus avellana ,purple ,v>iety ,bran* ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,corylus pontica ,pont9e ,hazel ,bran* ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,corylus avellana ,v>4 ,b>celona ,bran* ,j4 ,g4 ,ru% ,corylus am]icana ,v>4 ,ru% ,bran* ,j4 ,g4 ,ru% ,long ,hazel ,joseph ,risseu ,walwor?1 ,n4,y4 ,r\nd ,hazel ,joseph ,risseu1 ,walwor?1 ,n4,y4 ,hicoria ovata ,v>4 ,taylor ,nuts ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,hicoria ovata ,v>4 ,le,fevre ,nuts ,j4 ,g4 ,ru% ,hicoria ovata ,plate ,nuts ,miss ,ru? ,n4 ,reeves ,new>k1 ,n4,y4 ,juglans regia ,v>4 ,alp9e ,miss ,ru? ,n4 ,reeves1 ,new>k1 ,n4,y4 ,juglans regia ,v>4 ,nebo ,miss ,ru? ,n4 ,reeves1 ,new>k1 ,n4,y4 ,ru% ,miss ,ru? ,n4 ,reeves1 ,new>k1 ,n4,y4 ,hall ,miss ,ru? ,n4 ,reeves1 ,new>k4 ,n4,y4 ,juglans hybrid suppos$ ,j4 regia ,miss ,ru? ,n4 ,reeves1 ,x c9]ea ,new>k1 ,n4,y4 ,juglans regia ,v>4 ,hold5 spec4 ,e4 ,b4 ,hold51 ,hilton1 ,n4,y4 ,juglans ca?ay5sis ,foliage ,p>k ,bo>d1 ,ro*e/] ,juglans rupe/ris #b clu/]s1 #d nuts ,p>k ,bo>d1 ea* & foliage ,ro*e/] ,juglans sieboldiana clu/] #g nuts & ,p>k ,bo>d1 foliage ,ro*e/] ,pt]yoc>ya /5opt]a ,false ,walnut ,foliage ,p>k ,bo>d1 ,ro*e/] ,ca/anea sativa ,v>4 ,p>agon ,bran* ) "o v ,j4 ,s4 ,p>i%1 l>ge bur ,ea/ham1 ,va4 ,ca/anea pumila ,common *9quap9 ,bran* ) clu/] ( nuts ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,ca/anea pumila ,s\?we/]n ,bran* ) nuts *9quap9 ,dr4 ,r4 ,t4 ,morris ,panel ) g5]al collection ( pecans1 hickory nuts & walnuts1 ,w4 ,c4 ,re$1 ,v9c5nes1 ,ind4 ,juglans nigra ,v>4 ,ru% ,nuts ,j4 ,g4 ,ru% ,juglans regia ,bran* ,mrs4 ,b4 ,s4 ,abrams1 ,latta ,f>m1 ,*>lotte1 ,n4,y4 ,,resolutions ,,pass$ ,,by ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,,9 ,,session ,,at ,,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y41 ,,septemb] #a ,,& #b1 #aiae ,no *e/nut /ock %\ld g out unless x is ?or\ghly /]iliz$ by "s satisfactory me?od & tagg$ by prop] au?ority to %[ t fact4 ,/ates t are /ill cle> ( ! blight are advis$ t effective qu>ant9e is desirable to delay1 = a "t at lea/1 ! spread ( ! blight4 ,f\r infe/ations ( *e/nut blight h be5 f\nd 9 ,indiana 9 ,july & ,augu/1 #aiae4 ,?is fact1 & ! cont9u$ spread ( ?is fatal fungus1 are "s ( ! reasons = ?is recomm5dation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,nut trees may & d sometimes come fairly true to type b !y d n come true to v>iety4 ,consequ5tly our association does n approve ( ! sale ( se$l+ trees "u v>iety names2 & ?is association fur!r recomm5ds to all j\rnals t !y take no adv]tisem5ts = nut trees if su* trees are n sold "u conditions t cle>ly comply ) ! provisions ( ?is resolution4 ,,bibliography ,,( ,,! ,,ye>4 ,! ,*e/nut ,b>k ,disease on ,fre%ly ,fall5 ,nuts4 ,j4 ,frankl9 ,coll9s4 ,repr9t$ f ,phytopa?ology1 ,vol4 ,v1 ,no4 #d1 ,augu/1 #aiac4 ,) ,"o ,figure 9 ! ,text4 ,melaxuma ( ! ,walnut1 ,juglans regia4 7,a ,prelim9>y ,report47 ,h[>d ,s4 ,fawcett4 ,bullet9 ,no4 #bfa1 ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,b]keley1 ,cali=nia1 ,novemb]1 #aiae4 ,! ,pecan ,bus9ess4 ,f ,plant+ ! ,nuts to ,ga!r+ ! ,nuts4 ,catalogue ( ,b4 ,w4 ,/one1 nurs]yman1 ,?omasville1 ,georgia1 conta9+ cuts & in=mation ab\t pecan gr[+ 9 ! ,s\?4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,f\rte5? ,annual ,conv5tion ( ! ,national ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 held at ,albany1 ,georgia1 ,octob] #bg-bi1 #aiae4 ,report ( ! ,proce$+s at ! ,six? ,annual ,meet+ ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association at ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 ,septemb] #a & #b1 #aiae4 7,9 press47 ,walnut ,aphides 9 ,cali=nia4 ,w4 ,m4 ,davidson4 7,pr(essional ,pap]47 ,bullet9 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,no4 #ajj1 ,augu/ #ca1 #aiad4 ,! ,possibilities ( ,nut ,gr[+ 9 ! ,ea/4 ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+4 ,wom5's ,national ,agricultural & ,horticultural ,association ,qu>t]ly1 ,augu/1 #aiae4 ,! ,walnut ,book & ,horticultural ,dige/1 ,a ,mon?ly ,publication ,devot$ to ! ,production1 ,di/ribution & ,consumption ( ! ,walnut4 ,vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #a1 ,novemb]1 #aiae4 ,! ,walnut ,book ,publi%+ ,co41 ,or5co1 ,oregon4 ,"o doll> a ye>4 ,(ficial ,organ ( ! ,we/]n ,walnut ,association4 ,nut ,trees = ! ,c\ntry's ,wa/e ,places4 ,gilb]t ,e4 ,bailey1 ,ph4,d4 ,univ]sity ( ,s\!rn ,cali=nia4 ,am]ican ,fruits1 ,july1 #aiae1 p4 #h4 ,! ,inside ( a ,graft4 ,f4 ,a4 ,waugh1 ,! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 ,febru>y #bj1 #aiae1 p4 #cbh4 ,progress ( ,nut ,culture 9 ! ,ea/4 ,possibilities ( a ,com+ ,indu/ry4 ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+4 ,! ,rural ,new-,york]1 ,m>* #f1 #aiae1 p4 #cbg4 ,illu/rations ( me?ods ( budd+ & graft+ nut trees4 ,air & ,w9d ,dissem9ation ( ,ascospores ( ! ,*e/nut-,blight ,fungus4 ,f4 ,d4 ,heald1 ,m4 ,w4 ,g>dn]1 & ,r4 ,a4 ,/udhalt]4 ,repr9t f ,j\rnal ( ,agricultural ,rese>*1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,m>* #be1 #aiae4 ,vol4 ,,iii1 ,no4 #f4 ,graft+ & ,budd+ ! ,walnut4 ,e4 ,r4 ,lake4 ,weekly ,news ,lett] to ,crop ,correspond5ts1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,april #g1 #aiae4 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #ce4 ,num]\s cuts4 ,neglect$ ,nor!rn ,pecans4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 ,janu>y #i1 #aiae4 ,riehl ,fun = ,nuts4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 ,octob] #i1 #aiae4 ,a ,georgia ,tree ,f>m]4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 ,decemb] #d1 #aiae4 ,%ade ,trees t ,be> ,nuts4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 ,janu>y #g1 #aiaf4 ,graft+ ,nut ,trees4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell ,smi?1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 ,janu>y #bh1 #aiaf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes #a ,bullet9 ,no4 #bca by ,pr(4 ,ralph ,e4 ,smi? ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 is au?ority = ?is hi/ory ( walnut introduction into t /ate4 #b ,g4 ,h>old ,p[ell1 ,bull4 ,,xlii1 ,delaw>e ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 #ahih4 #c ,pap] ,no4 #ba1 ,citrus ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,college ( ,agriculture1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,riv]side1 ,cali=nia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no1 we w\ld n ?9k ( plant+ a tree )\t us+ dynamite4-- ,extract f a lett] receiv$ f ,edw>ds ,patt]son1 ,mill$geville1 ,ga41 :o are among/ ,georgia's be/ kn[n pecan gr[]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,pecan nut ,edw>ds ,patt]son's pecans1 actual size1 s5t to u z fair av]age samples ( nuts gr[n on unbla/$ & bla/$ trees4 ,! pecan at ! top 0 gr[n on a tree 9 unbla/$ soil1--at ! bottom is ! pecan gr[n :]e ! soil 0 bla/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,pecan nut ,bla/+ ) ,,r$ ,,cross ,,explosives %att]s ! compact soil1 ext5ds ! fe$+ area ( roots & increases ! wat]-hold+ capacity ( ! gr\nd4 ,tree-plant+ 9 bla/$ gr\nd is life insurance = all k9ds ( fruit & nut trees4 ,plant y\r pecans 9 bla/$ gr\nd1 & /op fir/-ye> losses4 ,write = ,,h&book ,,( ,,explosives tell+ ab\t tree-plant+ & o!r ways ( us+ ,,r$ ,,cross ,,explosives4 ,e4 ,i4 du ,,pont de ,,nem\rs ,,co4 ,,wilm+ton1 ,,del4 99 99 99 99 99 ,v9c5nes ,nurs]ies ,,propagators ,,( ,! ,pecan ,! ,p]sian ,walnut ,! ,hickory ,! ,*e/nut ,! ,almond ,! ,hazelnut ,& ! ,p]simmon ,,s5d ,,= ,,our ,,special ,,nut ,,catalogue ,we (f] also a g5]al l9e ( ,nurs]y ,/ock ,w4 ,c4 ,,re$1 ,proprietor ,,v9c5nes ,,indiana 99 99 99 99 99 ,plant ,my ,h>dy ,p5nsylvania ,gr[n1 ,budd$ & ,graft$ ,,engli% ,,walnut ,,& ,,pecan ,,trees ,,if ,,y ,,want ,,to ,,/>t ,,"r 99 99 99 99 99 ,y c't af=d to exp]im5t ) trees ( d\btful h>d9ess1 nei!r d y want se$l+s or inf]ior v>ieties ,my #aiae-af ,catalogue is y\rs = ! ask+ 99 99 99 99 99 ,address ,j4 ,f4 ,,jones1 ,! ,nut ,tree ,speciali/ ,,lanca/] ,,p5nsylvania 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*e/] ,,valley ,,nurs]ies ,,e/abli%$ #ahec ,*oice ,fruit & ,ornam5tal ,trees1 ,*]ry ,trees on ,mazz>d ,roots1 ,h>dy ,ev]gre5s1 ,fl[]+ ,%rubs1 ,h$ge ,plants1 etc4 ,orig9ators ( ! ,,?omas ,,black ,,walnut ,,jos4 ,w4 ,,?omas ,,sons1 ,k+ ( ,prussia ,p4 ,o41 ,montgom]y ,co41 ,pa4