,,ages999999 file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #ahbab-;h4htm or #ahbab-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/h_ /b_/a_/ahbab_/ahbab-;h_/#ahbab-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/h_ /b_/a_/ahbab_/ahbab-;h4zip7 ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,ages ,a ,description ( ,m$iaeval ,workman%ip 9 ,sev]al ( ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,appli$ ,art1 ,toge!r ) ,"s ,acc\nt ( ,special ,artisans 9 ! ,e>ly ,r5aissance by ,,julia ,,de ,,wolf ,,addison ,au?or ( ,! ,art ( ! ,pitti ,palace1 ,! ,art ( ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,classic ,my?s 9 ,art1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,examples ,,( ,,ecclesia/ical ,,metal ,,"w ,,introduction ,! v g5]al & ke5 int]e/ 9 ! revival ( arts & crafts 9 ,am]ica is a sign full ( promise & pleasure to ^? :o are work+ among ! s-call$ m9or arts4 ,"o reads at e turn h[ greatly ,rusk9 & ,morris h influ5c$ h&icraft3 h[ mu* ^! m5 & _! co-work]s h modifi$ ! appe>ance ( our /reets & h\ses1 our mat]ials1 textiles1 ut5sils1 & all o!r useful ?+s 9 :i* x is possible to %ock or to please ! ae/hetic ta/e1 )\t o!rwise affect+ ! value ( ^! articles = _! de/9$ purposes4 ,9 ?is connection x is int]e/+ to look into ! pa/1 p>ticul>ly to ^? c5turies kn[n z ! ,middle ,ages1 9 :i* ! h&icrafts fl\ri%$ 9 special p]fection1 & to see = ourselves h[ ^! crafts 7 pursu$1 & exactly :at ^! arts really 74 ,_m p talk le>n$ly ( ! delightful revival ( ! arts & crafts )\t hav+ a v def9ite idea ( ! orig9al processes :i* are be+ re/or$ to popul> fav\r4 ,william ,morris himself1 al?\gh a great mod]n _s1 & re=m]1 felt ! necessity ( a basis ( hi/oric k 9 all work]s4 ,i d n ?9k1 he says1 t any man b "o ( ! highe/ g5ius c\ld d any?+ 9 ^! days )\t mu* /udy ( anci5t art1 & ev5 he w\ld be mu* h9d]$ if he lack$ x4 ,x is b turn+ to ! orig9al s\rces1 !n1 to exam9e ! progress ( m$iaeval arti/ic crafts1 & ^? s\rces are usually to be f\nd pres]v$ = our edification 9 enorm\s volumes ( plates1 inaccessible to mo/ read]s1 & seldom ) ! k9d ( in=mation :i* ! av]age p]son w\ld enjoy4 ,!re are v few books deal+ ) ! arts & crafts ( ! old5 "t1 :i* are adapt$ to in=m ^? :o h no int5tion ( practis+ su* arts1 & yet :o wi% to und]/& & appreciate ! examples :i* !y see 9 num]\s museums or exhibitions1 & 9 travell+ abroad4 ,!re are _m ( ! arts & crafts :i* come "u ! daily obs]vation ( ! t\ri/1 :i* make no impression ^u him & h no message = him1 simply because he has nev] consid]$ ! subject ( _! orig9 & con/ruction4 ,aft] "o has once /udi$ ! subject ( hi/oric c>v+1 metal "w1 embroid]y1 tape/ry1 or illum9ation1 "o c nev] fail to look ^u ^! ?+s ) intellig5t int]e/ & va/ly increas$ pleasure4 ,until ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury art _h be5 reg>d$ z a luxury = ! ri* dilettante1--! p he>d little ( x1 & ?\ght less4 ,! ut5sils & furniture ( ! middle class 7 fa%ion$ only ) a view to utility2 !re 0 a popul> belief t beautiful ?+s 7 exp5sive1 & ! ?rifty h\sekeep] :o _h no money to put into bric-a-brac nev] ?\ght ( su* ?+s z an arti/ic lamp %ade or a well-col\r$ s(a cu%ion4 ,decorative art is well def9$ by ,mr4 ,russell ,/urgis3 ,f9e art appli$ to ! mak+ beautiful or int]e/+ t :i* is made = utilit>ian purposes4 ,_m p h an impression t ! m ornate an article is1 ! m "w has be5 lavi%$ ^u x4 ,!re nev] 0 a m errone\s idea4 ,! dilig5t poli% 9 ord] to secure nice pla9 surfaces1 or ! neat fitt+ ( p>ts toge!r1 is inf9itely m difficult ?an add+ a florid ca/+ to conceal clumsy workman%ip4 ,( c\rse c]ta9 =ms ( elaboration involve great pa9s & lab\r2 b ! m]e fact t a piece ( "w is decorat$ does n %[ t x has co/ any m 9 "t & execution ?an if x 7 pla91--frequ5tly _m h\rs h be5 sav$ by ! device ( cov]+ up defects ) *eap ornam5t4 ,h[ (t5 "o f9ds t a simple *air ) a pla9 back co/s m ?an "o :i* is app>5tly elaborately c>v$6 ,! reason is1 t ! pla9 "o _h to be made out ( a dec5t piece ( wood1 :ile ! ornate "o 0 turn$ out ( a poor piece1 & !n /amp$ ) a patt]n 9 ord] to attract ! att5tion f ! inf]ior mat]ial ( :i* x 0 compos$4 ,! s(t] & poor] ! wood1 ! deep] x 0 possible to /amp x at a s+le bl[4 ,! same pr9ciple applies to mu* "w 9 metal4 ,flimsy bits ( silv]w>e /amp$ ) *eap designs ( fl[]s or fruits are atta*$ to surfaces badly f9i%$1 :ile ! "w involv$ 9 mak+ su* a piece ( plate ) a pla9 surface w\ld increase its co/ ?ree or f\r times4 ,a craft may easily be practis$ )\t art1 & /ill s]ve its purpose2 ! alliance ( ! two is a means ( giv+ pleasure z well z s]v+ utility4 ,b x is a mi/ake to suppose t because a design is arti/ic1 its te*nical r5d]+ is any ! less important4 ,frequ5tly curi\s articles are palm$ (f on u1 & designat$ z ,arts & ,crafts ornam5ts1 9 :i* nei!r art nor craft plays its full %>e4 ,art does n consi/ only 9 orig9al1 unusual1 or unfamili> designs2 craft does n mean hamm]+ silv] s t ! hamm] m>ks %all %[2 ! be/ art is t :i* produces designs ( grace & appropriat5ess1 :e!r !y are /rik+ly new or n1 & ! be/ craftsman is s skilful t he is able to g beyond ! hamm] m>ks1 s to speak1 & to produce ) ! hamm] a surface z smoo? z1 & f> m p]fect ?an1 t produc$ by an em]y & burni%]4 ,"s p ?9k t ,arts & ,crafts means a comb9ation :i* all[s ( poor "w be+ conceal$ "u a mask ( ae/hetic effect4 ,lab\r %\ld n g =? bl9dly )\t art1 & art %\ld n proce$ simply = ! atta9m5t ( beauty )\t utility1--9 o!r words1 !re %\ld be an alliance betwe5 lab\r & art4 ,"o pr9ciple = :i* craftsm5 %\ld /& is a respect = _! own tools3 a frank recognition ( ! me?ods & implem5ts employ$ 9 con/ruct+ any article4 ,if ! article 9 "q is a *air1 & is really put toge!r by means ( sockets & pegs1 let ^! con/ructive necessities appe>1 & d n try to disguise ! means by :i* ! result is to be atta9$4 ,make ! requisite feature a beauty in/ead ( a disgrace4 ,x is amus+ to see a ,new ,engl& f>m] build a f5ce4 ,he beg9s ) good c$> po/s1--f9e1 ?ick1 solid logs1 :i* are at lea/ g5u9e1 & h&some s f> z a c$> po/ is capable ( be+ h&some4 ,y ?9k1 ,ah1 t w be a good unobjectionable f5ce4 ,b1 behold1 z soon z ! po/s are 9 position1 he c>efully lays a flat plank v]tically 9 front ( ea*1 s t ! pass]-by may fancy t he has p]=m$ ! feat ( mak+ a f5ce ( flat la?s1 ?us go+ out ( 8 way to conceal ! "o positive & good-look+ feature 9 8 f5ce4 ,he seems to h "s furtive dread ( admitt+ t he has us$ ! real article6 ,a bolt is to be affix$ to a mod]n door4 ,in/ead ( be+ appli$ ) a plate ( iron or brass1 9 itself a decorative feature on a blank space l t ( ! surface ( a door1 ! c>p5t] cuts a piece ( wood out ( ! edge ( ! door1 s9ks ! bolt out ( sight1 s t no?+ %all appe> to view b a t9y mean+less brass h&le1 & consid]s t he has p]=m$ a v neat job4 ,comp>e ?is me?od ) t ( a m$iaeval locksmi?1 & ! result ) 8 great iron bolt1 & if y c n appreciate ! diff]5ce1 bo? 9 pr9ciple & result1 ,i %\ld recomm5d a c\rse ( hi/oric art /udy until y are conv9c$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is n necess>y to c>ry y\r arti/ry s f> t y build a f5ce ( no?+ b c$> logs t\*+ "o ano!r1 or t y cov] y\r entire door ) a me&] ( wr\ght iron :i* culm9ates 9 a small bolt4 ,en?usia/ic foll[]s ( ! ,arts & ,crafts movem5t (t5 g to morbid extremes4 ,recognition ( mat]ial & me?od does n connote a display ( me?od & mat]ial out ( proportion to ! dem&s ( ! article to be con/ruct$4 ,z 9 o!r =ms ( culture1 balance & sanity are necess>y1 9 ord] to produce a satisfactory result4 ,b :5 a craftsman is possess$ ( an ae/hetic in/9ct & faculty1 he m]its ! congratulations (f]$ to ! /ud5ts ( ,birm+ham by ,william ,morris1 :5 he told !m t !y 7 among ! happie/ p 9 all civilization--p]sons ^: necess>y daily "w is insep>able f _! greate/ pleasure4 ,a m$iaeval arti/ 0 usually a craftsman z well4 ,he 0 n cont5t ) furni%+ designs alone1 & !n h&+ !m ov] to m5 ^: h&s 7 tra9$ to _! execution1 b he took 8 own designs & c>ri$ !m out4 ,?us1 ! design] adapt$ 8 draw+ to ! dem&s ( 8 mat]ial & ! craftsman 0 necess>ily 9 sympa?y ) ! design s9ce x 0 8 own4 ,! result 0 a h>mony ( int5tion & execution :i* is (t5 lack+ :5 two m5 ( diff]+ ta/es produce "o object4 ,luebke sums up ! tal5ts ( a m$iaeval arti/ z foll[s3 ,a pa9t] c\ld produce panels ) coats ( arms = ! milit>y m5 ( noble bir?1 & devotional panels ) an image ( a sa9t or a conv5tionaliz$ sc5e f ,scripture = t noble's wife4 ,) ! same bru% & on a l>g] panel he c\ld produce a l>g] sacr$ picture = ! conv5t r\nd ! corn]1 & ) f9] p5cil & m delicate t\* he c\ld pa9t ! vellum leaves ( a missal2 & s on4 ,if an arti/ic e>!nw>e platt] 0 to be made1 ! pa9t] turn$ to 8 pott]'s :eel & to 8 kiln4 ,if a filigree coronet 0 want$1 he took up 8 tools = metal & jewelry "w4 ,r$grave lays d[n an excell5t maxim = g5]al guidance to design]s 9 arts o!r ?an legitimate picture mak+4 ,he says3 ,! picture mu/ be indep5d5t ( ! mat]ial1 ! ?\ght alone %\ld gov]n x2 :]eas 9 decoration ! mat]ial mu/ be "o ( ! sugge/ors ( ! ?\ght1 its use mu/ gov]n ! design4 ,?is %[s ! diff]5ce betwe5 decoration & pictorial art4 ,"o he>s a great deal ( ! conv5tional 9 mod]n art talk4 ,j :at ?is means1 few p :o h ! ^w 9 _! vocabul>ies really "k4 ,z ,pr(essor ,moore def9$ x once1 x does n apply to an arbitr>y !oretical sy/em at all1 b is in/9ctive4 ,x means ob$i5ce to ! limits "u :i* ! arti/ works4 ,! really greate/ art craftsm5 ( all h be5 ^? :o h recogniz$ ! limitations ( ! mat]ial :i* !y employ$4 ,"s ( ! clev]e/ h be5 beguil$ by ! fasc9ation ( ov]com+ ob/acles1 into try+ to make iron d ! ?+s appropriate only to wood1 or to =ce ca/ bronze into ! similitude ( a picture1 or to disc\nt all ! cr$it due to a f9e piece ( embroid]y by try+ to make x appe> l a pa9t+4 ,b ^! are ! exotics2 !y are ! craftsm5 :o h be5 l$ a/ray by a false impulse1 :o respect difficulty m ?an appropriat5ess1 w> r ?an peace6 ,no elaborate & tortur$ piece ( ,cell9i's "w c comp>e ) ! dignifi$ glory ( ! ,pala d',oro2 ,ghib]ti's gates 9 ,flor5ce1 ?\gh a m>vell\s t\r de =ce1 are n s satisfy+ z ! great corona c&elabrum ( ,hilde%eim4 ,z a rule1 we %all f9d t m$iaeval craftsm5 7 bett] arti/s ?an ^? ( ! ,r5aissance1 = ) facility 9 ! use ( mat]ial1 comes always ! temptation to make x imitate "s o!r mat]ial1 ?us los+ its individuality by a contortion :i* may be curi\s & int]e/+1 b out ( place4 ,we all enjoy see+ acrobats on ! /age1 b x w\ld be pa9ful to see !m curl+ 9 & out ( our draw+-room *airs4 ,! true _s :i* ! ,arts & ,crafts is try+ to inculcate 0 f\nd 9 ,flor5ce :5 ! great arti/s turn$ _! att5tion to ! manipulation ( objects ( daily use1 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i be+ will+ to make salt-cell>s1 & ,sansov9o to "w on ink/&s1 & ,donatello on picture frames1 :ile ,pollajuolo made c&le/icks4 ,! m our lead+ arti/s realize ! ne$ ( _! att5tion 9 ! m9or arts1 ! m ne>ly %all we atta9 to a g5u9e alliance betwe5 ! arts & ! crafts4 ,to sum up ! effect ( ?is h>mony betwe5 art & craft 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ! ,abbe ,texi] has said3 ,9 ^? days art & manufactures 7 bl5d$ & id5tifi$2 art ga9$ by ?is aff9ity great practical facility1 & manufacture mu* orig9al beauty4 ,& !n ! value to ! arti/ is almo/ incalculable4 ,to sp5d "o's life 9 gett+ means on :i* to live is a wa/e ( all enjoym5t4 ,to use "o's life z "o goes along--to live e day ) pleasure 9 cong5ial occupation--t is ! only ?+ wor? :ile4 ,! life ( a craftsman is a con/ant daily fulfilm5t ( ! f9al ideal ( ! man :o sp5ds all 8 "t & /r5g? 9 acquir+ weal? s t "s "t 7& he may nev] live to see ! day7 he may be able to control 8 "t & to use x z pleases him4 ,!re is /or$ up capital repres5t$ 9 ! life ( a man ^: "w is a recreation1 & expressive ( 8 own p]sonality4 ,9 a book ( ?is size x is n possible to treat ( e art or craft :i* engag$ ! skill ( ! m$iaeval work]s4 ,b at "s future "t ,i hope to make a sep>ate /udy ( ! c]amics1 glass 9 its v>i\s =ms1 ! arts ( engrav+ & pr9t+1 & "s ( ! _m o!rs :i* h add$ s mu* to ! pleasure & beauty ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,introduction ,i4 ,gold & ,silv] ,,ii4 ,jewelry & ,preci\s ,/ones ,,iii4 ,enamel ,,iv4 ,o!r ,metals ,v4 ,tape/ry ,,vi4 ,embroid]ies ,,vii4 ,sculpture 9 ,/one 7,france & ,italy7 ,,viii4 ,sculpture 9 ,/one 7,engl& & ,g]many7 ,,ix4 ,c>v+ 9 ,wood & ,ivory ,x4 ,inlay & ,mosaic ,,xi4 ,illum9ation ( ,books ,bibliography ,index ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,examples ( ,ecclesia/ical ,metal ,"w ,cr[n ( ,*>lemagne ,b]nw>d's ,cross & ,c&le/icks1 ,hilde%eim ,b]nw>d's ,*alice1 ,hilde%eim ,corona at ,hilde%eim4 7detail7 ,reliqu>y at ,orvieto ,apo/le spoons ,ivory ,knife ,h&les1 ) ,portraits ( ,que5 ,elizabe? & ,james ,i4 ,englis ,! ,milkmaid ,cup ,saxon ,broo* ,! ,t>a ,broo* ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,patrick ,! ,treasure ( ,gu]razz> ,hebrew ,r+ ,cry/al ,flagons1 ,/4 ,m>k's1 ,v5ice ,s>donyx ,cup1 #aa? ,c5tury1 ,v5ice ,g]man ,enamel1 #ac? ,c5tury ,enamell$ ,gold ,book ,cov]1 ,si5a ,detail2 ,%r9e ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 ,cologne ,f9igu]ra's ,pax1 ,flor5ce ,italian ,enamell$ ,crozi]1 #ad? ,c5tury ,wr\ght ,iron ,h+e1 ,frank=t ,biscornette's ,doors at ,p>is ,wr\ght ,iron f ! ,b>gello1 ,flor5ce ,moori% ,keys1 ,seville ,arm\r4 ,%[+ ,mail ,develop+ into ,plate ,damasc5$ ,helmet ,moori% ,sword ,enamell$ ,suit ( ,arm\r ,brunelles*i's ,competitive ,panel ,ghib]ti's ,competitive ,panel ,font at ,hilde%eim1 #ab? ,c5tury ,portrait ,/atuette ( ,pet] ,vis*] ,a ,copp] ,curfew ,sanctu>y ,knock]1 ,durham ,ca!dral ,anglo-,saxon ,crucifix ( ,lead ,detail1 ,bayeux ,tape/ry ,flemi% ,tape/ry1 ,! ,prodigal ,son ,tape/ry1 ,repres5t+ ,p>is 9 ! #ae? ,c5tury ,embroid]y on ,canvas1 #af? ,c5tury1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum ,detail ( ! ,syon ,cope ,dalmatic ( ,*>lemagne ,embroid]y1 #ae? ,c5tury1 ,cologne ,c>v$ ,capital f ,rav5na ,pulpit ( ,nicola ,pisano1 ,pisa ,tomb ( ! ,son ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ,/4 ,d5is ,c>v+s ar\nd ,*oir ,ambulatory1 ,*>tres ,grotesque f ,ox=d1 ,popul>ly ,kn[n z ,! ,backbit] ,! ,bev]ly m9/rels ,/4 ,lor5z ,*ur*1 ,nuremb]g1 ,%[+ ,adam ,kraft's ,pyx1 & ! ,hang+ ,m$allion by ,veit ,/oss ,relief by ,adam ,kraft ,c>v$ ,box--wood ,pyx1 #ad? ,c5tury ,mis]]e ,/all2 ,an ,artisan at ,"w ,mis]]e ,/all1 ,ely2 ,noah & ! ,dove ,mis]]e ,/all2 ! ,fate ( ! ,ale-wife ,ivory ,tab]nacle1 ,rav5na ,! ,nativity2 ,ivory ,c>v+ ,pa/oral ,/aff2 ,ivory1 ,g]man1 #ab? ,c5tury ,ivory ,mirror ,case2 ,e>ly #ad? ,c5tury ,ivory ,mirror ,case1 #acdj ,*essman f ,lewis ,m>ble ,inlay f ,lucca ,detail ( ,pavem5t1 ,bapti/]y1 ,flor5ce ,detail ( ,pavem5t1 ,si5a2 ,=tune1 by ,p9turic*io ,ambo at ,ravello2 ,specim5 ( ,cosmati ,mosaic ,mosaic f ,rav5na2 ,!odora & ,h] ,suite1 #af? ,c5tury ,mosaic 9 ,bas-relief1 ,naples ,a ,scribe at ,"w2 #ab? ,c5tury ,manuscript ,detail f ! ,durham ,book ,ivy ,patt]n1 f a #ad? ,c5tury ,fr5* ,manuscript ,m$iaeval ,illum9ation ,c>icature ( a ,bi%op ,illum9ation by ,gh]>t ,david ( ,bruges1 #adih2 ,/4 ,b>b>a ,*oral ,book1 ,si5a ,detail f an ,italian ,*oral ,book ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,ages ,,*apt] ,i ,,gold ,,& ,,silv] ,! work] 9 metals is usually call$ a smi?1 :e!r he be copp]smi? or goldsmi?4 ,! t]m is ,saxon 9 orig91 & is d]iv$ f ! expression he t smite?4 ,metal 0 usually wr\ght by =ce ( bl[s1 except :]e ! process ( ca/+ modifi$ ?is4 ,beat5 "w 0 sold]$ f ! e>lie/ times4 ,egyptians evid5tly und]/ood ! use ( sold]1 = ! ,hebrews obta9$ _! k ( su* ?+s f !m1 & 9 ,isaiah xli4 #g1 occurs ! passage3 ,s ! c>p5t] enc\rag$ ! goldsmi?1 & he t smoo!? ) ! hamm] him t smote ! anvil1 say+1 ',x is ready = ! sold]+4' ,9 ! ,bible !re are con/ant ref]5ces to su* arts 9 metal "w z prevail 9 our own times3 ,( beat5 "w made he ! c&le/icks1 ,exodus4 ,9 ! ornam5ts ( ! tab]nacle1 ! artific] ,bezaleel made two *]ubims ( gold beat5 out ( "o piece made he !m4 ,an acc\nt ( gold be+ ga!r$ 9 spite ( vicissitudes is giv5 by ,pl9y3 ,among ! ,d>doe ! ants are z l>ge z ,egyptian wolves1 & cat col\r$4 ,! ,indians ga!r ! gold du/ ?r[n up by ! ants1 :5 !y are sleep+ 9 _! holes 9 ! ,summ]2 b if ^! animals wake1 !y pursue ! ,indians1 &1 ?\gh m\nt$ on ! swifte/ camels1 ov]take & te> !m to pieces4 ,ano!r leg5d relates to ! bless$ ,/4 ,patrick1 ?r\gh ^: int]cession special grace is suppos$ to h be5 grant$ to all smi?s4 ,/4 ,patrick 0 a slave 9 8 y\?4 ,an old leg5d tells t "o "t a wild bo> came root+ 9 ! field1 & br\ght up a lump ( gold2 & ,patrick br\ght x to a t9k]1 & ! t9k] said1 ,x is no?+ b sold]4 ,give x "h to me4 ,b !n he br\ght x to a smi?1 & ! smi? told him x 0 gold2 & ) t gold he b\ght 8 fre$om4 ,& f t "t1 cont9ues ! /ory1 ! smi?s h be5 lucky1 tak+ money e day1 & nev] )\t "w1 b z = ! t9k]s1 e man's face is aga9/ !m6 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! arts & crafts 7 g5]ally protect$ by ! =mation ( guilds & frat]nities4 ,^! bodies practically ex]cis$ ! "r ( pat5t ov] _! pr(essions1 & infr+em5ts c\ld be m easily dealt )1 & frauds m easily expos$1 by means ( conc]t$ ef=t on ! "p ( ! craftsm54 ,! goldsmi?s & silv]smi?s 7 ?us protect$ 9 ,engl& & ,france1 & 9 mo/ ( ! lead+ ,european art c5tres4 ,! te/ ( pure gold 0 made by six ( ! m discreet goldsmi?s1 :o w5t ab\t & sup]9t5d$ ! am\nt ( alloy to be employ$2 gold ( ! /&>d ( ! t\* ( ,p>is 0 ! ,fr5* t]m = metal ( ! requir$ purity4 ,any goldsmi? us+ imitation /ones or o!rwise falsify+ 9 8 pr(ession 0 puni%$ by imprisonm5t & by ransom at ! ,k+'s pleasure4 ,!re 7 "s compla9ts t fraudul5t work]s cov] t9 ) silv] s subtilely444 t ! same _c be discov]$ or sep>at$1 & s sell t9 = f9e silv]1 to ! great damage & deceipt ( u4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s f9ally l$ to ! adoption ( ! ,hall ,m>k1 :i* is /ill to be se5 on e piece ( silv]1 signify+ t x has be5 pron\nc$ pure by ! appo9t$ au?orities4 ,! goldsmi?s ( ,france absorb$ sev]al o!r auxili>y arts1 & 7 p[]ful & influ5tial4 ,9 /ate processions ! goldsmi?s _h ! fir/ place ( importance1 & bore ! royal canopy :5 ! ,k+ himself took "p 9 ! c]emony1 c>ry+ ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,g5evieve also1 :5 x 0 tak5 =? 9 great pageants4 ,9 ! qua9t word+ ( ! p]iod1 goldsmi?s 7 =bidd5 to gild or silv]-plate any article made ( copp] or latt51 unless !y left "s "p ( ! orig9al expos$1 at ! foot or "s o!r "p1444 to ! int5t t a man may see :]e( ! ?+ is made = to es*ew ! deceipt a=esaid4 ,?is law 0 enact$ 9 #adjd4 ,_m ( ! great art s*ools ( ! ,middle ,ages 7 e/abli%$ 9 connection ) ! num]\s mona/]ies scatt]$ ?r\gh all ! ,european c\ntries & 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,rule ( ,/4 ,b5$ict r+s true conc]n+ ! prop] consecration ( an arti/3 ,if !re be arti/s 9 ! mona/]y1 let !m ex]cise _! crafts ) all humility & rev]5ce1 provid$ ! abbot %all h ord]$ !m4 ,b if any ( !m be pr\d ( ! skill he ha? 9 8 craft1 because he !reby seeme? to ga9 some?+ = ! mona/]y1 let him be remov$ f x & n ex]cise x aga91 unless1 aft] humbl+ himself1 ! abbot %all p]mit him4 ,craft )\t graft 0 ! keynote ( m$iaeval art4 ,k+ ,alfr$ _h a mona/ic art s*ool at ,a!lney1 9 :i* he _h collect$ monks ( all k9ds f e qu>t]4 ,?is acc\nts = ! ,greek type ( "w turn$ out at ?is "t1 & v likely = ,italian influ5ces 9 e>ly ,briti% art4 ,! k+ 0 active 9 craft "w himself1 = ,ass] tells u t he cont9u$1 dur+ 8 frequ5t w>s1 to tea* 8 work]s 9 gold & artific]s ( all k9ds4 ,! qua9t old encyclopa$ia ( ,b>?olomew ,anglicus1 call$1 ,! ,prop]ties ( ,?+s1 def9es gold & silv] 9 an orig9al way1 accord+ to ! beliefs ( ?is writ]'s day4 ,he says ( gold1 t 9 ! composition !re is m sadness ( brim/one ?an ( air & moi/ure ( quicksilv]1 & !re=e gold is m sad & heavy ?an silv]4 ,( silv] he rem>ks1 ,?\gh silv] be :ite yet x make? black l9es & /rakes 9 ! body t is scor$ !re)4 ,m>co ,polo says t 9 ! prov9ce ( ,c>azan ! riv]s yield great quantities ( wa%$ gold1 & also t :i* is solid1 & on ! m\nta9s !y f9d gold 9 ! ve91 & !y give "o p\nd ( gold = six ( silv]4 ,work]s 9 gold or silv] usually employ "o ( two me?ods--ca/+ or beat+1 comb9$ ) delicacy ( f9i%1 *as+1 & poli%+4 ,! te*nical processes are int]e/+ly describ$ by ! writ]s ( ! old treatises on div]s arts4 ,9 ! e>lie/ ( ^!1 by ! monk ,!ophilus1 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 we h mo/ graphic acc\nts ( processes v simil> to ^? n[ 9 use4 ,! naive mona/ic in/ructor1 9 8 preface1 exhorts 8 foll[]s to hone/y & zeal 9 _! good works4 ,skilful 9 ! arts let no "o glorify himself1 say ,!ophilus1 z if receiv$ f himself1 & n f else:]e2 b let him be ?ankful humbly 9 ! ,"l1 f :om all ?+s are receiv$4 ,he !n advises ! craftsman e>ne/ly to /udy ! book :i* foll[s1 tell+ him ( ! ri*es ( in/ruction !re9 to be f\nd2 y w !re f9d out :atev]444 ,tuscany kn[s ( mosaic "w1 or 9 v>iety ( enamels1 :atev] ,arabia %[s =? 9 "w ( fusion1 ductility or *as+1 :atev] ,italy ornam5ts ) gold444 :atev] ,france loves 9 a co/ly v>iety ( w9d[s2 :atev] indu/ri\s ,g]many approves 9 "w ( gold1 silv] or copp]1 & iron1 ( woods & ( /ones4 ,no wond] ! au?orities are lo/ 9 conjecture z to ! native place ( ! v]satile ,!ophilus6 ,aft] promis+ all ^! delightful ?+s1 ! good old monk cont9ues1 ,act !re=e1 well int5tion$ man1444 ha/5 to complete ) all ! /udy ( ?y m9d1 ^? ?+s :i* are /ill want+ among ! ut5sils ( ! ,h\se ( ! ,"l1 & he enum]ates ! v>i\s pieces ( *ur* plate 9 use 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,directions are giv5 by ,!ophilus = ! workroom1 ! b5*es at :i* ! smi?s are to sit1 & also ! mo/ m9ute te*nical recipes = in/rum5ts = sculp+1 = scrap+1 fil+1 & s =?1 until ! work%op %\ld be fitt$ ) all necess>y tools4 ,9 ^? days1 arti/s began at ! v beg9n+4 ,!re 7 no ,w9dsor & ,newtons1 no nice mak]s ( divid]s & ,t-squ>es1 to :om "o c\ld apply2 all implem5ts mu/ be con/ruct$ by ! man :o contemplat$ us+ !m4 ,we w see h[ ,!ophilus proce$s1 aft] he has 8 tools 9 read9ess1 to con/ruct a *alice4 ,fir/1 he puts ! silv] 9 a crucible1 & :5 x has become fluid1 he turns x into a m\ld 9 :i* !re is wax 7?is is evid5tly ! cire p]du process famili> to ca/]s ( e age71 & !n he says1 ,if by "s neglig5ce x %\ld happ5 t ! melt$ silv] be n :ole1 ca/ x aga9 until x is :ole4 ,?is process ( ca/+ w\ld apply equally to all metals4 ,!ophilus in/ructs 8 craftsman h[ to make ! h&les ( ! *alice z foll[s3 ,take wax1 =m h&les ) x1 & grave ^u !m dragons or animals or birds1 or leaves--9 :atev] mann] y may wi%4 ,b on ! top ( ea* h&le place a little wax1 r\nd l a sl5d] c&le1 half a f+] 9 l5g?1444 ?is wax is call$ ! funnel4444 ,!n take "s clay & cov] c>efully ! h&le1 s t ! holl[s ( ! sculpture may be fill$ up4444 ,aft]w>ds place ^! m\lds ne> ! coals1 t :5 !y h become w>m y may p\r out ! wax4 ,:i* be+ turn$ out1 melt ! silv]1444 & ca/ into ! same place :5ce y p\r$ out ! wax4 ,& :5 !y h become cold remove ! clay4 ,! solid silv] h&les are f\nd inside1 "o h>dly ne$ say4 ,9 ca/+ 9 ! cire p]du process1 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i w>ns y to bew>e le/ y break y\r crucible--j z y've got y\r silv] nicely molt51 he says1 & are p\r+ x into ! m\ld1 crack goes y\r crucible1 & all y\r "w & "t & pa9s are lo/6 ,he advises wrapp+ x 9 /\t clo?s4 ,! process ( rep\sse "w is also mu* ! same to-day z x has always be54 ,! metal is m\nt$ on cem5t & ! design p>tly beat5 9 f ! outside2 !n ! cem5t is melt$ out1 & ! design treat$ 9 m detail f ! inside4 ,!ophilus tells u h[ to prep>e a silv] vessel to be beat5 ) a design4 ,aft] giv+ a recipe = a sort ( pit*1 he says1 ,melt ?is composition & fill ! vial to ! top4 ,& :5 x has become cold1 portray444 :atev] y wi%1 & tak+ a sl5d] ductile in/rum5t1 & a small hamm]1 design t :i* y h portray$ ar\nd x by /rik+ lightly4 ,?is process is practically1 on a l>g] scale1 :at ,cell9i describes z t ( m9ut]ie4 ,cell9i praises ,c>adosso beyond all o!rs 9 ?is "w1 say+ x 0 j 9 ?is v gett+ ( ! gold s equal all ov]1 t ,i nev] knew a man to beat ,c>adosso6 ,he tells h[ important ?is equality ( surface is1 = if1 9 ! work+1 ! gold became ?ick] 9 "o place ?an 9 ano!r1 x 0 impossible to atta9 a p]fect f9i%4 ,c>adosso made fir/ a wax model ( ! object :i* he 0 to make2 ?is he ca/ 9 copp]1 & on t he laid 8 ?9 gold1 beat+ & modell+ x to ! =m1 until ! small holl[ bas-relief 0 complete4 ,! "w 0 done ) wood5 & /eel tools ( small proportions1 sometimes press$ f ! back & sometimes f ! front2 ev] s mu* c>e is necess>y1 writes ,cell9i1 444to prev5t ! gold f splitt+4 ,aft] ! model 0 br\ght to su* a po9t ( relief z 0 suitable = ! design1 great c>e _h to be ex]cis$ 9 ext5d+ ! gold fur!r1 to fit beh9d heads & arms 9 special relief4 ,9 ^? days ! :ole film ( gold 0 !n put 9 ! furnace1 & fir$ until ! gold began to liquefy1 at :i* exact mom5t x 0 necess>y to remove x4 ,cell9i himself made a m$al = ,girolamo ,m>etta1 repres5t+ ,h]cules & ! ,lion2 ! figures 7 9 su* high relief t !y only t\*$ ! gr\nd at a few po9ts4 ,cell9i reports ) pride t ,mi*elangelo said to him3 ,if ?is "w 7 made 9 great1 :e!r 9 m>ble or 9 bronze1 & fa%ion$ ) z exquisite a design z ?is1 x w\ld a/oni% ! _w2 & ev5 9 its pres5t size x seems to me s beautiful t ,i d n ?9k ev5 a goldsmi? ( ! anci5t _w fa%ion$ aught to come up to x6 ,cell9i says t ^! words /iff5$ him up1 & gave him mu* increas$ ambition4 ,he describes also an ,atlas :i* he con/ruct$ ( wr\ght gold1 to be plac$ ^u a lapis lazuli backgr\nd3 ?is he made 9 extreme relief1 us+ t9y tools1 work+ "r into ! arms & legs1 & mak+ all alike ( equal ?ickness4 ,a cope-button = ,pope ,clem5t 0 also q a t\r de =ce2 z he said1 ^! pieces ( "w are (t5 h>d] ! small] !y are4 ,! design %[$ ! ,almighty seat$ on a great diamond2 ar\nd him !re 7 a numb] ( jolly little angels1 "s 9 complete relief4 ,he describes h[ he began ) a flat %eet ( gold1 & work$ con/antly & consci5ti\sly1 gradually boss+ x up1 until1 ) "o tool & !n ano!r1 he f9ally ma/]$ ! mat]ial1 till "o f9e day ,god ! ,fa!r /ood =? 9 ! r\nd1 mo/ comely to behold4 ,s skilful 0 ,cell9i 9 ?is art t he boss$ up 9 high relief ) 8 pun*es "s fifte5 little angels1 )\t ev5 hav+ to sold] ! t9ie/ r5t6 ,! fa/5+ ( ! clasp 0 decorat$ ) little snails & masks & o!r pleas+ trifles1 :i* sugge/ to u t ,b5v5uto 0 a true son ( ! ,r5aissance1 & t 8 design did n equal 8 ability z a craftsman4 ,cell9i's me?od ( =m+ a silv] vase 0 on ?is wise4 ,! orig9al plate ( silv] _h to be r$ hot1 n too r$1 = !n x w\ld crack1--b suffici5t to burn c]ta9 little gra9s ?r[n on to x4 ,x 0 !n adju/$ to ! /ake1 & /ruck ) ! hamm]1 t[>ds ! c5tre1 until by degrees x began to take convex =m4 ,!n1 keep+ ! c5tral po9t always 9 view by means ( compasses1 f t po9t he /ruck a s]ies ( conc5tric circles ab\t half a f+] ap>t f ea* o!r1 & ) a hamm]1 beg9n+ at ! c5tre1 /ruck s t ! movem5t ( ! hamm] %all be 9 ! =m ( a spiral1 & foll[ ! conc5tric circles4 ,x 0 important to keep ! =m v ev5 all r\nd4 ,!n ! vase _h to be hamm]$ f )91 till x 0 equally belli$ all r\nd1 & aft] t1 ! neck 0 =m$ by ! same me?od4 ,!n1 to ornam5t ! vase1 x 0 fill$ ) pit*1 & ! design trac$ on ! outside4 ,:5 x 0 necess>y to beat up ! ornam5t f )91 ! vase 0 cle>$ out1 & inv]t$ ^u ! po9t ( a long sn>l+-iron1 fa/5$ 9 an anvil /ock1 & beat5 s t ! po9t %\ld ind5t f )94 ,! vase w\ld (t5 h to be fill$ ) pit* & empti$ 9 ?is mann] sev]al times 9 ! c\rse ( its con/ruction4 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i 0 "o ( ! greate/ art p]sonalities ( all "t4 ,! qua9tness ( ! ae/hetic temp]am5t is n[h]e f\nd bett] epitomiz$ ?an 9 8 life & writ+s4 ,b z a produc] ( arti/ic ?+s1 he is a great disappo9tm5t4 ,too v]satile to be a supreme speciali/1 he is f> m int]e/+ z a man & craftsman ?an z a design]4 ,te*nical skill he _h 9 unique abundance4 ,& ano!r faculty1 = :i* he does n always receive due cr$it1 is 8 gift = imp>t+ 8 k4 ,8 ,treatises1 conta9+ valuable in=mation z to me?ods ( "w1 are less famili> to mo/ read]s ?an 8 fasc9at+ biography4 ,^! ,treatises1 or directions to craftsm51 are full ( ! spice & *>m :i* *>act]ize 8 o!r "w4 ,"o _c proce$ f a consid]ation ( ! bold] metal "w to a /udy ( ! da9ty art ( ! goldsmi? )\t a glance at ,b5v5uto ,cell9i4 ,! introduction to ! ,treatises has a naive op5+3 ,:at fir/ prompt$ me to write 0 ! k ( h[ fond p are ( he>+ any?+ new4 ,?is1 & o!r reasons1 induc$ him to write ab\t ^? lovelie/ secrets & wondr\s me?ods ( ! great art ( goldsmi?+4 ,francis ,i4 inde$ ?\ght highly ( ,cell9i4 ,^u view+ "o ( 8 works1 8 ,maje/y rais$ 8 h&s1 & exclaim$ to ! ,m>es*al de ,france1 ,i comm& y to give ! fir/ good fat abbey t falls vacant to our ,b5v5uto1 = ,i d n want my k+dom to be depriv$ ( 8 l4 ,b5v5uto describes ! process ( mak+ filigree "w1 ! pr9ciple ( :i* is1 f9e wire coil$ flat s z to =m designs ) an int]e/+ & v>i$ surface4 ,filigree is q common /ill1 & any "o :o has walk$ d[n ! /eep /reet ( ! ,goldsmi?s 9 ,g5oa is famili> ) mo/ ( its mod]n =ms4 ,cell9i says3 ,?\gh _m h practis$ ! art )\t mak+ draw+s fir/1 because ! mat]ial 9 :i* !y work$ 0 s easily h&l$ & s pliable1 yet ^? :o made _! draw+s fir/ did ! be/ "w4 ,n[ give e> to ! way ! art is pursu$4 ,he !n directs t ! craftsman %all h ready ?ree sizes ( wire1 & "s little gold granules1 :i* are made by cutt+ ! %ort l5g?s ( wire1 & !n subject+ !m to f]v5t heat until !y become z little r\nd beads4 ,he !n expla9s h[ ! artific] mu/ twi/ & m\ld ! delicate wires1 & ta/ily apply ! little granules1 s z to make a graceful design1 usually ( "s floriate =m4 ,:5 ! wire fl[]s & leaves 7 =m$ satisfactorily1 a wa% ( gum tragacan? %\ld be appli$1 to hold !m 9 place until ! f9al sold]+4 ,! sold] 0 9 p[d]$ =m1 & x 0 to be du/$ on j z mu* z may suffice1444 & n m1444 ?is am\nt ( sold] c\ld only be det]m9$ by ! exp]i5ce ( ! arti/4 ,!n came ! fir+ ( ! f9i%$ "w 9 ! little furnace2 ,b5v5uto is "h q at a loss h[ to expla9 himself3 ,too mu* heat w\ld move ! wires y h wov5 out ( place1 he says1 really x is q impossible to tell x prop]ly 9 writ+2 ,i c\ld expla9 x all "r by ^w ( m\?1 or bett] /ill1 %[ y h[ x is done1--/ill1 come along1--we'll try to g on z we />t$6 ,sometimes emboss+ 0 done by ?9 %eets ( metal be+ press$ on to a wood5 c>v+ prep>$ = ! purpose1 s t ! result w\ld be a rais$ silv] patt]n1 :i*1 :5 fill$ up ) pit* or lead1 w\ld pass = a sample ( rep\sse "w4 ,i ne$ h>dly say t a /ill simpl] me*anical =m ( press+ obta9s on *eap silv] to-day4 ,s mu* = ! me*anical processes ( treat+ ^! metals4 ,we w n[ exam9e "s ( ! great hi/oric examples1 & glance at ! lives ( prom95t work]s 9 gold & silv] 9 ! pa/4 ,"o ( ! mo/ brilliant times = ! production ( works ( art 9 gold & silv]1 0 :5 ,con/ant9e1 ^u becom+ ,*ri/ian1 mov$ ! seat ( gov]nm5t to ,byzantium4 ,byzant9e ornam5t l5ds itself especially to su* "w4 ,! di/+ui%+ m>k betwe5 ! e>li] ,greek jewell]s & ! ,byzant9e 01 t ! =m] consid]$ *iefly l9e1 =m1 & delicacy ( workman%ip1 :ile ! latt] 7 l$ to expression ?r\gh col\r & texture1 & n f95ess ( f9i%4 ,! ,byzant9e emp]ors lov$ gold 9 a lavi% way1 & on a sup]b scale4 ,!y 7 n cont5t ) *a/e r+s & necklets1 or ev5 ) gold5 cr[ns4 ,! royal ?rones 7 ( gold2 _! arm\r 0 decorat$ ) ! preci\s metal1 & _! *>iots enri*$ 9 ! same way4 ,ev5 ! h\ses ( ! ri* p 7 m end[$ ) preci\s furni%+s ?an mo/ ( ! *ur*es ( o!r nations1 & e family possess$ a massive silv] table1 & solid vases & plate4 ,! ,emp]or ,!ophilus1 :o liv$ 9 ! n9? c5tury1 0 a great lov] ( ! arts4 ,8 palace 0 built aft] ! ,arabian /yle1 & he _h skilful me*anical exp]ts to con/ruct a gold5 tree ov] 8 ?rone1 on ! bran*es ( :i* 7 num]\s birds1 & two gold5 lions at ! foot4 ,^! birds 7 s arrang$ by clockwork1 t !y c\ld be made to s+1 & ! lions also jo9$ a ro> to ! *orus6 ,a great design] ( ! ,middle ,ages 0 ,alcu91 ! tea*] ( ,*>lemagne1 :o liv$ f #gce to #hjd2 he sup]9t5d$ ! build+ ( _m f9e specim5s ( *ur* plate4 ,! s*ool ( ,alcu91 h[ev]1 0 m fam\s = illum9ation1 & we %all speak ( 8 "w at m l5g? :5 we come to deal ) t subject4 ,ano!r di/+ui%$ patron ( art 0 ! ,abbot ,odo ( ,cluny1 :o _h orig9ally be5 de/9$ = a soldi]2 b he 0 visit$ ) :at ,maitl& describes z an invet]ate heada*e1 :i*1 f 8 sev5te5? to 8 n9ete5? ye>1 defi$ all m$ical skill1 s he & 8 p>5ts1 conv9c$ t ?is 0 a manife/ation ( ! disapproval ( ,heav51 decid$ to devote 8 life to religi\s pursuits4 ,he became ,abbot ( ,cluny 9 ! ye> #ibg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cr[n ,,( ,,*>lemagne ,examples ( n9? c5tury goldsmi?+ are r>e4 ,judg+ f ! few specim5s exi/+1 ! cr[n ( ,*>lemagne1 & ! beautiful b9d+ ( ! ,h\rs ( ,*>les ! ,bold1 "o w\ld be incl9$ to ?9k t an almo/ b>b>ic weal? ( closely set jewels 0 ! entire /&>d ( ! art ( ! "t1 & t grace ( =m or cont\r 0 q second>y4 ,! tomb 0 rifl$ ab\t ! twelf? c5tury1 & _m ( ! valuable ?+s ) :i* he 0 surr\nd$ 7 tak5 away4 ,! ?rone 0 d5ud$ ( its gold1 & may be se5 to-day 9 ! ,ca!dral at ,aa*51 a simple m>ble *air pla9 & dignifi$1 ) ! copp] jo9ts %[+ its con/ruction4 ,_m ( ! relics ( ,*>lemagne are 9 ! treasury at ,aa*51 among o!r int]e/+ items1 ! bones ( ! "r arm ( ! ,emp]or 9 a gold5 %r9e 9 ! =m ( a h& & arm4 ,!re is a ?rill 9 contemplat+ ! rema9s ( ! "r arm ( ,*>lemagne aft] all ! c5turies1 :5 "o rememb]s ! swords & sceptres :i* h be5 wield$ by t mighty memb]4 ,! reliqu>y conta9+ ! "r arm ( ,*>lemagne is ,g]man "w 7( c\rse lat] ?an ! op5+ ( ! tomb71 probably betwe5 #aaee & #aaij4 ,fr$]ic ,b>b>ossa & 8 ance/ors are repres5t$ on its ornam5tation4 ,!re is little goldsmi?'s "w ( ! ,norman p]iod 9 ,great ,brita91 = t 0 a "t ( ! build+ ( l>ge /ructures1 & probably m9or arts & p]sonal adornm5t took a second>y place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b]nw>d',s ,,cross ,,& ,,c&le/icks1 ,,hilde%eim ,p]haps ! mo/ satisfactory display ( m$iaeval arts & crafts :i* may be se5 9 "o city is at ,hilde%eim3 ! special ri*ness ( rema9s ( ! t5? c5tury is ow+ to ! life & example ( an e>ly bi%op--,b]nw>d--:o rul$ ! ,see f #iic to #ajbb4 ,be=e he 0 made bi%op1 ,b]nw>d 0 tutor to ! "y ,emp]or ,otto ,,iii4 ,he 0 a /ud5t ( art all 8 life1 & a practical craftsman1 work+ l>gely 9 metals1 & tra9+ up a ,guild ( foll[]s 9 ! ,ca!dral ,s*ool4 ,he 0 extremely v]satile3 "o ( ! great g5iuses ( hi/ory4 ,9 times ( w> he 0 ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ,hilde%eim2 he 0 a travell]1 hav+ made pilgrimages to ,rome & ,p>is1 & ! grave ( ,/4 ,m>t9 at ,t\rs4 ,?is wide culture 0 unusual 9 ^? days2 x is q evid5t f 8 active life ( accompli%m5t 9 creative art1 t good ,bi%op ,b]nw>d 0 n to be numb]$ among ^? :o expect$ ! end ( ! _w to occur 9 ! ye> #ajjj ,a4 ,d4 ,( 8 works to be se5 9 ,hilde%eim1 !re are spl5did examples4 ,! ,goldsmi?'s ,s*ool "u 8 direction 0 fam\s4 ,he 0 creat$ bi%op 9 #iib2 ,taugm> pays him a tribute1 say+3 ,he 0 an excell5t p5man1 a good pa9t]1 & z a h\sehold manag] 0 unequall$4 ,moreov]1 he excell$ 9 ! me*anical no less ?an 9 ! lib]al arts4 ,9 fact1 a visit to ,hilde%eim to-day proves t to ?is man :o liv$ t5 c5turies ago is due ! fact t ,hilde%eim is ! mo/ arti/ic city 9 ,g]many f ! antiqu>ian's po9t ( view4 ,?is bi%op influ5c$ e bran* ( art1 & ) s vital an influ5ce1 t 8 ,see city is /ill full ( 8 works & p]sonality4 ,he 0 n only a practical work] 9 ! arts & crafts1 b he 0 also a collector1 =m+ q a museum = ! fur!r in/ruction ( ! /ud5ts :o came 9 t\* ) him4 ,he decorat$ ! walls ( 8 ca!dral2 ! great c&elabrum1 or corona1 :i* circles above ! c5tral aisle ( ! ca!dral1 0 8 own design1 & ! "w ( 8 foll[]s2 & ! pas*al column 9 ! ca!dral 0 f 8 work%op1 wr\ght z delightfully z w\ld be possible 9 any age1 & yet execut$ ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,no bi%op ev] des]v$ sa9?ood m1 or made a m practical contribution to ! ,*ur*4 ,pope ,cele/9e ,,iii4 canoniz$ him 9 #aaid4 ,b]nw>d came ( a noble family4 ,8 figure may be se5--z ne> an approa* to a portrait ( ?is great work] z we h--among ! bas-reliefs on ! beautiful *oir-scre5 9 ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,*ur* 9 ,hilde%eim4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b]nw>d',s ,,*alice1 ,,hilde%eim ,! cross execut$ by ,b]nw>d's own h&s 9 #iid is a sup]b "w1 ) filigree cov]+ ! :ole1 & set ) gems en cabo*on1 ) pe>ls1 & antique preci\s /ones1 c>v$ ) ,greek div9ities 9 intaglio4 ,! c&le/icks ( ,/4 ,b]nw>d1 too1 are mo/ int]e/+4 ,!y are made ( a metal compos$ ( gold1 silv]1 & iron1 & are wr\ght magnific5tly1 into a mass ( animal & floriate =ms1 _! outl9e be+ well reta9$1 & ! grace ( ! %aft & proportions be+ /rik+4 ,!y are p>tly ! "w ( ! mallet & p>tly ( ! *isel4 ,!y _h be5 buri$ ) ,b]nw>d1 & 7 f\nd 9 8 s>cophagus 9 #aaid4 ,didron has lik5$ !m1 9 _! use ( animal =m1 to ! art ( ! ,mexicans2 b to me !y seem m l delightful ,g]man ,romanesque workman%ip1 lean+ m t[>ds t ( c]ta9 spirit$ ,lomb>d grotesques1 or ev5 t ( ,arles & c]ta9 p>ts ( ,france1 ?an to ! ,aztec to :i* ,didron has ref]5ce4 ,! little climb+ figures1 :ile !y c]ta9ly h v l>ge h&s & feet1 yet are end[$ ) a c]ta9 sprightly action2 !y all give ! impression ( really mak+ an ef=t1--!y are try+ to climb1 in/ead ( simply occupy+ places 9 ! foliage4 ,!re is a good deal ( /r5g? & en]gy display$ 9 all ( !m1 &1 :ile ! "w is rude & r\gh1 x is virile4 ,x is n unlike ! workman%ip on ! ,gl\ce/] c&le/ick 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 :i* 0 made 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,b]nw>d's *alice is set ) antique /ones1 "s ( !m c>v$4 ,on ! foot may be se5 "o repres5t+ ! ?ree ,graces1 9 _! cu/om>y /ate ( nudity )\t malice4 ,b]nw>d 0 also an ar*itect4 ,he built ! delightful *ur* ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 & its cloi/]4 ,he also sup]9t5d$ ! build+ ( an important wall by ! riv] bank 9 ! l[] t[n4 ,:5 !re 0 an uneasy "t ( controv]sy at ,g&e%eim1 ,b]nw>d ha/5$ to headqu>t]s 9 ,rome1 to arrange to br+ ab\t bett] feel+4 ,9 #ajja he arriv$1 e>ly 9 ,janu>y1 & ! ,pope w5t out to meet him1 kiss$ him1 & invit$ him to /ay z a gue/ at 8 palace4 ,aft] accompli%+ 8 diplomatic mission1 & lad5 ) all sorts ( sacr$ relics1 ,b]nw>d return$ home1 n too directly to prev5t 8 see+ some?+ ( ! int]v5+ c\ntry4 ,a book :i* ,bi%op ,b]nw>d _h made & illum9at$ 9 #ajaa has ! inscription3 ,i1 ,b]nw>d1 _h ?is codex writt5 out1 at my own co/1 & gave x to ! belov$ ,sa9t ( ,god1 ,mi*ael4 ,ana!ma to him :o ali5ates x4 ,?is inscription has ! m int]e/ = be+ ! actual autograph ( ,b]nw>d4 ,he 0 succe$$ by ,hezilo1 & _m o!r pupils4 ,^! m5 made ! beautiful corona ( ! ca!dral1 ( :i* ,i give an illu/ration 9 detail4 ,great coronas or circul> *&eli]s hung 9 ! naves ( _m ca!drals 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! f9e/ specim5 is ?is at ,hilde%eim1 ! magnific5t r+ ( :i* is tw5ty feet across1 z x hangs susp5d$ by a sy/em ( rods & balls 9 ! =m ( *a9s4 ,x has twelve l>ge t[]s & twelve small ones set ar\nd x1 suppos$ to sugge/ ! ,heav5ly ,j]usalem ) its _m mansions4 ,!re are sockets = sev5ty-two c&les4 ,! detail ( its adornm5t is v spl5did1 & repays close /udy4 ,e little turret is diff]5t 9 ar*itectonic =m1 & /atues ( sa9ts are to be se5 /&+ )9 ^!4 ,! pi]c$ silv] "w on ?is *&eli] is z beautiful z any m$iaeval example 9 exi/5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,corona ,,at ,,hilde%eim 7,,detail7 ,! great lead] ( m$iaeval arts 9 ,france 0 ! ,abbot ,sug] ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,sug] 0 born 9 #ajha1 he & 8 bro!r1 ,alvise1 :o 0 ,bi%op ( ,arras1 bo? be+ de/9$ = ! ,episcopate4 ,z a y\? he pass$ t5 ye>s at ,/4 ,d5is z a s*ol>4 ,"h he became intimate ) ,pr9ce ,l\is1 & ?is fri5d%ip develop$ 9 aft] life4 ,on return+ f a voyage to ,italy1 9 #aabb1 he le>n$ at ! same "t ( ! dea? ( 8 spiritual fa!r1 ,abbot ,adam1 & ( 8 own election to be 8 successor4 ,he ?us /ood at ! head ( ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,d5is 9 #aabc4 ,?is 0 due to 8 noble "*1 8 g5ius = diplomacy & 8 arti/ic tal5t4 ,he 0 m9i/] to ,l\is ,,vi41 & aft]w>ds to ,l\is ,,vii41 & dur+ ! second ,crusade1 he 0 made ,reg5t = ! k+dom4 ,sug] 0 kn[n1 aft] ?is1 z ! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry1 = he 0 a c\rage\s c\nsellor1 firm & conv9c+ 9 argum5t1 s t ! k+ _h really be5 guid$ by 8 advice4 ,:ile he 0 mak+ laws & in/igat+ crusades1 he 0 also direct+ craft %ops & propagat+ ! arts 9 connection ) ! life ( ! ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,b]n>d d5\nc$ him1 z enc\rag+ too luxuri\s a ritual2 ,sug] made a *>act]i/ic reply3 ,if ! anci5t law444 orda9$ t vessels & cups ( gold %\ld be us$ = libations1 & to receive ! blood ( rams1444 h[ mu* r %\ld we devote gold1 preci\s /ones1 & ! r>e/ ( mat]ials1 to ^? vessels :i* are de/9$ to conta9 ! blood ( ,our ,"l4 ,sug] ord]$ & himself made mo/ beautiful appo9tm5ts = ! sanctu>y1 & :5 any vessel already own$ by ! ,abbey 0 ( co/ly mat]ial1 & yet unsuitable 9 /yle1 he _h x remodell$4 ,an int]e/+ in/ance ( ?is is a c]ta9 antique vase ( r$ porphyry4 ,!re 0 no?+ ecclesia/ical ab\t ?is vase2 x 0 a pla9 /raight ,greek j>1 ) two h&les at ! sides4 ,sug] treat$ x z ! body ( an eagle1 mak+ ! head & neck to surm\nt x1 & ! claw feet = x to /& on1 toge!r ) its so>+ w+s1 ( solid gold1 & x ?us became trans=m$ into a magnific5t reliqu>y 9 ! =m ( ! k+ ( birds4 ,! inscription on ?is ,ampula ( ,sug] is3 ,z x is our duty to pres5t unto ,god oblations ( gems & gold1 ,i1 ,sug]1 (f] ?is vase unto ! ,"l4 ,sug] /ood always = ! ideal 9 art & "*4 ,he _h ! c\rage ( 8 convictions 9 spite ( ! fulm9ations ( ,/4 ,b]n>d4 ,in/ead ( us+ ! enorm\s sums ( money at 8 disposal = import+ ,byzant9e workm51 he pref]r$ to use 8 funds & 8 own influ5ce 9 develop+ a native ,fr5* s*ool ( artific]s4 ,x is int]e/+ to discov] t ,sug]1 among 8 _m adaptations & re/orations at ,/4 ,d5is1 incorporat$ "s ( ! works ( ,/4 ,eloi into 8 own compositions4 ,= in/ance1 he took an ivory pulpit1 & remodell$ x ) ! addition ( copp] animals4 ,abbots ( ,/4 ,d5is made beautiful (f]+s to ! *ur*4 ,"o ( !m1 ,abbot ,mat?iew de ,v5dome1 pres5t$ a wond]ful reliqu>y1 consi/+ ( a gold5 head & bu/1 :ile ano!r gave a reliqu>y to conta9 ! jaw ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,sug] pres5t$ _m f9e products ( 8 own art & t ( 8 pupils1 among o!rs a great cross six feet 9 height4 ,a /ory is told ( him1 t1 :ile engag$ 9 mak+ a p>ticul>ly spl5did crucifix = ,/4 ,d5is1 he ran %ort ( preci\s /ones1 nor c\ld he 9 any way obta9 :at he requir$1 until "s monks came to him & (f]$ to sell him a sup]b lot ( /ones :i* _h =m]ly embelli%$ ! d9n] s]vice ( ,h5ry ,i4 ( ,engl&1 ^: nephew _h giv5 !m to ! conv5t 9 ex*ange = indulg5ces & masses6 ,9 ^! e>ly & half-b>b>ic days ( magnific5ce1 =m & delicacy ( execution 7 n und]/ood4 ,brilliancy & lavi% display ( sp>kl+ jewels1 set z ?ickly z possible )\t ref]5ce to a g5]al s*eme ( composition1 0 ! /&>d ( beauty2 & x mu/ be admitt$ t1 ) su* /ones available1 no m effective s*ool ( "w has ev] exi/$ ?an t ( :i* su* works ,*>lemagne's cr[n1 ! ,iron ,cr[n ( ,monza1 & ! cr[n ( ,k+ ,su9?ila1 are typical examples4 ,abbot ,sug] lam5t$ :5 he lack$ a suffici5t supply ( /ones2 b he did n compla9 :5 !re occurr$ a defici5cy 9 workm54 ,x 0 comp>atively easy to tra9 arti/s :o c\ld make sett+s & b9d /ones toge!r ) sold]$ /raps6 ,9 #aceb a royal silv]smi? ( ,france1 ,eti5ne ,la ,fonta9e1 made a fauteuil ( silv] & cry/al decorat$ ) preci\s /ones1 = ! k+4 ,! gold5 alt> ( ,basle is almo/ z int]e/+ z ! great ,pala d',oro 9 ,v5ice1 ( :i* m5tion is made else:]e4 ,x 0 ord]$ by ,emp]or ,h5ry ! ,pi\s1 be=e #ajbd1 & pres5t$ to ! ,prime ,m9i/] at ,basle4 ,! c5tral figure ( ! ,savi\r has at its feet two t9y figures1 q out ( scale2 ^! are int5d$ = ! donors1 ,emp]or ,h5ry & 8 que51 ,cunegunda4 ,silv]smi?'s "w 9 ,spa9 0 l>gely 9 ,byzant9e /yle1 :ile "s specim5s ( ,go?ic & ,roman are also to be se5 !re4 ,moori% influ5ce is noticeable1 z 9 all ,spani% design1 & filigree "w ( ,ori5tal orig9 is frequ5tly to be met )4 ,"s specim5s ( *ampleve enamel are also to be se51 ?\gh ?is art 0 g5]ally conf9$ to ,limoges dur+ ! ,middle ,ages4 ,a ,guild 0 =m$ 9 ,tol$o :i* 0 9 fl\ri%+ condition 9 #adbc4 ,an int]e/+ docum5t has be5 f\nd 9 ,spa9 %[+ t craftsm5 7 suppli$ ) ! necess>y mat]ials :5 engag$ to make valuable figures = ! decoration ( alt>s4 ,x is dat$ ,may #ab1 #acfg1 ,i1 ,san*o ,m>t9ez ,orebsc1 silv]smi?1 native ( ,seville1 in=m y1 ! ,dean & ,*apt] ( ! *ur* ( ,seville1 t x 0 agre$ t ,i make an image ( ,/4 ,m>y ) its tab]nacle1 t x %\ld be f9i%$ at a giv5 "t1 & t y 7 to give me ! silv] & /ones requir$ to make x4 ,9 ,spa91 ! mo/ spl5did triumphs ( ! goldsmi?'s skill 7 ! cu/odias1 or l>ge tab]nacles1 9 :i* ! ,ho/ 0 c>ri$ 9 procession4 ,! f9e/ 0 "o made = ,tol$o by ,enrique d',arphe1 9 competition ) o!r craftsm54 ,8 design be+ *os51 he began 8 "w 9 #aeag1 & 9 #aebd ! cu/odia 0 f9i%$4 ,x 0 9 ! =m ( a ,go?ic temple1 six sid$1 ) a jewell$ cross on ! top1 & 0 eight feet high4 ,"s ( ! gold employ$ 0 ! fir/ ev] br\ght f ,am]ica4 ,! :ole /ructure weigh$ ?ree hundr$ & eighty-eight p\nds4 ,arphe made a simil> cu/odia = ,cordova & ano!r = ,leon4 ,8 gr&son1 ,juan d',arphe1 wrote a v]se ab\t ! ,tol$o cu/odia1 9 :i* ^! l9es occur3 ,cu/odia is a temple ( ri* plate ,wr\ght = ! glory ( ,our ,savi\r true444 ,t holie/ ark ( old to imitate1 ,fa%ion$ by ,bezaleel ! cunn+ ,jew1 ,*os5 ( ,god to "w 8 sov]eign w1 ,& greatly gift$ ) cele/ial skill4 ,juan d',arphe himself made a cu/odia = ,seville1 ! decorations & figures on :i* 7 direct$ by ! le>n$ ,francesco ,pa*eco1 ! fa!r-9-law ( ,velasquez4 ,:5 ?is cu/odia 0 complet$1 d',arphe wrote a description ( x1 allud+ boldly to ?is "w z ! l>ge/ & f9e/ "w 9 silv] kn[n ( its k9d1 & ?is c\ld really be said )\t conceit1 = x is a fact4 ,a ,go?ic =m ( goldsmi?'s "w obta9$ 9 ,spa9 9 ! #ac?1 #ad? & #ae? c5turies2 x 0 bas$ ^u ar*itectural models & 0 kn[n z plat]esca4 ,! %r9es = hold+ relics became 9 ^! c5turies positive build+s on a small scale 9 preci\s mat]ial4 ,9 ,engl& also 7 _m ( ^! %r9es1 b few ( !m n[ rema94 ,! fir/ ,mayor ( ,london1 f #aahi to #abac1 0 a goldsmi?1 ,h5ry ,fitz ,alwyn1 ! ,f\nd] ( ! ,royal ,ex*ange2 ,sir ,?omas ,gre%am1 9 #aebj1 0 also a goldsmi? & a bank]4 ,!re is an ent]ta9+ piece ( cynical satire on ! ,goldsmi?s 9 ,/ubbes' ,anatomy ( ,abuses1 writt5 9 ! "t ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 %[+ t ! tricks ( ! trade _h come to full developm5t by t "t1 & t ! public 0 be+ ar\s$ on ! subject4 ,/ubbes expla9s h[ ! goldsmi?'s %ops are deck$ ) *a9s & r+s1 wond]ful ri*ly4 ,!n he goes on to say3 ,!y w make y any mon/] or article :atsoev] ( gold1 silv]1 or :at y w4 ,is !re no deceit 9 ^! goodlye %[s8 ,yes1 too _m2 if y w buy a *a9 ( gold1 a r+1 or any k9d ( plate1 besides t y %all pay almo/ half m ?an x is wor?444 y %all also p]haps h t gold :i* is naught1 or else at lea/ mix$ ) drossie rubbage4444 ,b ?is happ5e? v seldom by reason ( good ord]s1 & con/itutions made = ! puni%m5t ( !m t (f5d 9 ?is k9d ( deceit1 & !re=e !y seldom (f5d !re91 ?\gh n[ & !n !y *ance to /umble 9 ! d>k6 ,fynes ,moryson1 a travell] :o di$ 9 #afad1 says t ! goldsmi?s' %ops 9 ,london444 are exce$+ly ri*ly furni%$ cont9ually ) gold1 ) silv] plate1 & ) jewels4444 ,i nev] see any su* daily %[1 any?+ s sumptu\s1 9 any place 9 ! _w1 z 9 ,london4 ,he admits t 9 ,flor5ce & ,p>is ! simil> %ops are v ri* ^u special occasions2 b x is ! /eady /ate ( ! m>ket 9 ,london to :i* he has ref]5ce4 ,! ,company ( ,goldsmi?s 9 ,dubl9 held q a prom95t social position 9 ! community4 ,9 #afdi1 a great fe/ival & pageant took place1 9 :i* ! goldsmi?s & visit+ craftsm5 f o!r corporations took "p4 ,h5ry ,,iii4 set himself to enri* & beautify ! %r9e ( 8 patron sa9t1 ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 & ) ?is end 9 view he made v>i\s extravagant dem&s3 = in/ance1 at "o "t he ord]$ all ! gold 9 ,london to be detail$ to ?is object1 & at ano!r1 he _h gold r+s & broo*es pur*as$ to ! value ( six hundr$ m>ks4 ,! %r9e 0 ( gold1 &1 accord+ to ,mat!w ,p>is1 enri*$ ) jewels4 ,x 0 comm5c$ 9 #abda4 ,9 #abdd ! que5 pres5t$ an image ( ! ,virg9 ) a ruby & an em]ald4 ,jewels 7 pur*as$ f "t to "t1--a great cameo 9 #abea1 & 9 #abee _m gems ( great value4 ,! son ( ado ! ,goldsmi?1 ,edw>d1 0 ! k+'s belov$ cl]k1 & 0 made keep] ( ! %r9e4 ,mo/ ( ! little /atuettes 7 describ$ z hav+ /ones set some:]e ab\t !m3 an image ( ,/4 ,pet] hold+ a *ur* 9 "o h& & ! keys 9 ! o!r1 trampl+ on ,n]o1 :o _h a big sapphire on 8 brea/2 & ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ) h] ,son1 set ) rubies1 sapphires1 em]alds1 & g>nets1 are among ^? cit$4 ,! :ole %r9e 0 describ$ z a basilica adorn$ ) pure/ gold & preci\s /ones4 ,odo ! ,goldsmi? 0 9 *>ge ( ! works = a good :ile4 ,he 0 succe$$ by 8 son ,edw>d4 ,paym5ts 7 made sometimes 9 a regul> wage1 & sometimes = task "w4 ,! workm5 7 usually kn[n by "o "n--,ma/] ,alex&] ! ,k+'s ,c>p5t]1 ,ma/] ,h5ry ! ,k+'s ,ma/] ,mason1 & s =?4 ,9 an e>ly life ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 !re is an illum9ation %[+ ! masons & c>p5t]s kneel+ to receive in/ruction f _! sov]eign4 ,! gold5 %r9e ( ! ,confessor 0 probably made 9 ! ,palace itself2 ?is 0 d\btless consid]$ ! safe/ place = s valuable a "w to rema9 9 process ( con/ruction2 = !re is an allusion to its be+ br\ght on ! ,k+'s own %\ld]s 7) ! assi/ance ( o!rs71 f ! palace to ! ,abbey1 9 #abfi1 = its consecration4 ,9 #abdc ,h5ry ,,iii4 ord]$ f\r silv] bas9s1 fitt$ ) cakes ( wax ) wicks 9 !m1 to be plac$ z lights be=e ! %r9e ( ,?omas a ,becket 9 ,cant]bury4 ,! great gold %r9e ( ,becket appe>s to h be5 *iefly ! "w ( a goldsmi?1 ,ma/] ,adam4 ,he also design$ ! ,coronation ,*air ( ,engl&1 :i* is n[ 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,! *ief goldsmi? ( ,engl& employ$ by ,edw>d ,i4 0 "o ,adam ( ,%or$it*4 ,he 0 v]satile1 = he 0 also a b9d] ( books4 ,a c]ta9 bill %[s an item ( 8 workman%ip1 a gr\p 9 silv] ( a *ild rid+ ^u a horse1 ! *ild be+ a lik5ess ( ,"l ,edw>d1 ! ,k+'s son4 ,a v]itable ,arts & ,crafts e/abli%m5t _h be5 9 exi/5ce 9 ,wool/rope1 ,l9coln%ire1 be=e ,cromwell's "t2 = ,georde ,gif=d wrote to ,cromwell reg>d+ ! suppression ( ?is mona/]y3 ,!re is n "o religi\s p]son !re b :at do? use ei!r embro!r+1 wryt+ books ) a faire h&1 mak+ g>m5ts1 or c>v+4 ,9 all c\ntries ! *alices & pat5s 7 usually1 design$ to correspond ) ea* o!r4 ,! six lob$ di% 0 a v usual =m2 x _h a depress$ c5tre1 ) six ind5t$ scallops1 & ! edge flat l a d9n] plate4 ,9 an old *ur* inv5tory1 m5tion is made ( a *alice ) 8 pat54 ,sometimes !re 0 lett]+ ar\nd ! flat edge ( ! pat54 ,*alices 7-compos$ ( ?ree p>ts3 ! cup1 ! ball or knop1 & ! /em1 ) ! foot4 ,! orig9al purpose ( hav+ ?is foot hexagonal 9 %ape is said to h be5 to prev5t ! *alice f roll+ :5 x 0 laid on its side to dra94 ,"u _m modifications ?is g5]al plan ( ! cup has obta9$4 ,! b[l is usually entirely pla91 to facilitate keep+ x clean2 mo/ ( ! decoration 0 lavi%$ on ! knop1 a ri* & unev5 surface be+ bo? beautiful & functional 9 ?is place4 ,su* ,norman & ,romanesque *alices z rema9 are *iefly 9 museums n[4 ,!y 7 usually c(f9 *alices--t is1 !y _h be5 buri$ 9 ! c(f9 ( "s ecclesia/ic4 ,( ,go?ic *alices1 or ^? ( ! ,tudor p]iod1 few] rema91 = aft] ! ,re=mation1 a g5]al ord] w5t out to ! *ur*es1 = all *alices to be alt]$ to dec5t ,communion cups4 ,! %ape 0 greatly modifi$ 9 ?is *ange4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! ta/e ran r to a *a/] =m ( decoration2 ! l>ge cabo*ons ( ! ,romanesque1 comb9$ ) a liquid gold surface1 gave place to ref9$ ornam5ts 9 niello & delicate enamels4 ,! b[ls ( ! e>li] *alices 7 r flat & broad4 ,:5 x became usual = ! laity to p>take only ( "o elem5t :5 communicat+1 ! *alice1 :i* 0 res]v$ = ! cl]gy alone1 became modifi$ to meet ?is condition1 & ! b[l 0 mu* small]4 ,aft] ! ,re=mation1 h[ev]1 ! developm5t 0 q 9 ! o!r direction1 ! b[l be+ extremely l>ge & deep4 ,9 t p]iod !y 7 kn[n z communion cups4 ,9 ,s&wi* !re is a cup :i* 0 made ov] out ( a ciborium2 z x q pla9ly %[s its orig91 x is naively inscrib$3 ,?is is a ,communion ,coop4 ,:5 ?is *ange 9 ! =m ( ! *alice took place1 x 0 provid$1 by admonition ( ! ,ar*bi%op1 9 all cases ) a cov] ( silv]444 :i* %all s]ve also = ! m9i/ration ( ! ,communion bread4 ,to make ?is d\ble use ( cov] & di% satisfactory1 a foot l a /& 0 add$ to ! pat54 ,! communion cup ( ! ,re=mation diff]$ f ! *alice1 too1 9 be+ tall] & /raight]1 ) a deep b[l1 almo/ 9 ! proportions ( a fl>+ tumbl]1 & a /em ) a few close decorations in/ead ( a knop4 ,! small pat5 s]v$ z a cov] to ! cup1 z has be5 m5tion$4 ,x is n always easy to see old *ur* plate :]e x orig9ally belong$4 ,on ! ,scotti% bord]1 = in/ance1 !re 7 con/ant raids1 :5 ! ,scots w\ld desc5d ^u ! ,engli% p>i% *ur*es1 & be> (f ! communion plate1 & aga9 ! ,engli% w\ld cross ! bord] & return ! complim5t4 ,9 old *ur*es1 su* z ! elev5? c5tury /ructure at ,torp5h[1 9 ,cumb]l&1 ! deep sockets /ill to be se5 9 ! /one door jambs 7 int5d$ to support great beams ) :i* ! *ur* _h con/antly to be =tifi$ aga9/ ,scotti% invasion4 ,ano!r reason = ! disappe>ance ( *ur* plate1 0 ! occasional sale ( ! silv] 9 ord] to cont9ue necess>y repairs on ! fabric4 ,9 a *ur* 9 ,norfolk1 !re is a record ( sale ( communion silv] & = alt]+ ( our *ur* & fynni%+ ( ! same accord+ to our m9des & ! p>i%ion]s4 ,x goes on to /ate t ! proce$s 7 appropriat$ = putt+ new glass 9 ! place ( c]ta9 w9d[s :]e9 7 conte9$ ! lives ( c]ta9 prophane hi/ories1 & = pav+ ! k+'s highway 9 ! *ur* prec9cts4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation _m valuable examples ( ,*ur* plate 7 ca/ aside by ord] ( ! ,commission]s1 by :i* all monum5ts ( feyn$ miracles1 pilgrimages1 idolatry1 & sup]/ition1 7 to be de/roy$4 ,at ?is "t a calf or a %eep might h be5 se5 br[s+ 9 ! mead[s ) a sacr+-bell fa/5$ at its neck1 & ! pigs refre%$ !mselves ) dr9k+ f holy-wat] fonts6 ,crozi]s ( ornate design especially r\s$ ! ire ( ! ,puritans4 ,9 ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,maskell's incomp>able book on ,ivories1 he translates a satirical v]se by ,guy de ,coquille1 conc]n+ ^! objectionable pa/oral /aves 7:i* 7 (t5 made ( f9ely sculptur$ ivory74 ,! /aff ( a bi%op ( days t are old ,0 ( wood1 & ! bi%op himself 0 ( gold4 ,b a bi%op ( wood pref]s gorge\s array1 ,s 8 /aff is ( gold 9 ! new fa%ion$ way6 ,dur+ ! ,r5aissance especially1 goldsmi?'s "w 0 c>ri$ to great te*nical p]fection1 & yet ! natural prop]ties ( ! metal 7 frequ5tly lo/ sight (1 & ! craftsm5 tri$ to produce effects su* z w\ld be m suitable 9 /one or wood1--little ar*itectonic features 7 introduc$1 & gold 0 frequ5tly made to d ! "w ( o!r mat]ials4 ,?us x lo/ mu* ( its inh]5t effectiv5ess4 ,too mu* att5tion 0 giv5 to +5uity1 & n en\gh to fitness & beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,reliqu>y ,,at ,,orvieto ,9 docum5ts ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! foll[+ li/ ( goldsmi?s is giv53 ,jean de ,mantreux 0 goldsmi? to ,k+ ,jean4 ,claux de ,friburg 0 celebrat$ = a gold /atuette ( ,/4 ,john :i* he made = ! ,duke ( ,norm&y4 ,a diadem = ?is ,duke 0 also record$1 made by ,jean de ,piguigny4 ,hannequ9 made ?ree gold5 cr[ns = ,*>les ,v4 ,hans ,cre/ 0 goldsmi? to ! ,duke ( ,orleans1 :ile o!rs employ$ by him 7 ,durosne1 ( ,t\l\se1 ,jean de ,be?anc\rt1 a ,flemi% goldsmi?4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ! names ( ,jean de ,hasqu91 ,p]r9 ,manne1 & ,m>g]ie d',avignon1 7 fam\s4 ,arti/s 9 ! ,r5aissance 7 expect$ to und]take sev]al bran*es ( _! craft4 ,he> ,p\ss93 ,x is impossible to "w at ! same "t ^u frontispieces ( books3 a ,virg93 at ! picture = ! congregation ( ,/4 ,l\is1 at ! designs = ! gall]y1 & = ! k+'s tape/ry6 ,i h only a feeble head1 & am n aid$ by anyone6 ,a goldsmi? atta*$ to ! ,c\rt ( ,k+ ,r5e ( ,anj\ 0 ,jean ,nicolas4 ,r5e also gave _m ord]s to "o ,ligui] ,rabot91 ( ,avignon1 :o made him sev]al cups ( solid gold1 on a l>ge tray ( ! same preci\s metal4 ,! k+ (t5 drew 8 own designs or su* bij\x4 ,among ! fam\s m5 ( ,italy 7 sev]al :o practis$ ! art ( ! goldsmi?4 ,ugol9o ( ,si5a con/ruct$ ! wond]ful reliqu>y at ,orvieto2 ?is1 is 9 %ape some:at simil> to ! facade ( ! ca!dral4 ,v]oc*io1 ! in/ructor ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 accompli%$ sev]al important pieces ( jewel]y 9 8 y\?3 cope-buttons & silv] /atuettes1 *iefly1 :i* 7 s successful t he det]m9$ to take up ! c>e] ( a sculptor4 ,ghirl&ajo1 z is well kn[n1 0 tra9$ z a goldsmi? orig9ally1 8 fa!r hav+ be5 ! inv5tor ( a pretty fa%ion !n prevail+ among "y girls ( ,flor5ce1 & be+ ! mak] ( ^? gold5 g>l&s worn on ! heads ( maid5s4 ,! "n ,ghirl&ajo1 inde$1 0 d]iv$ f ^! g>l&s 7ghirl&es74 ,francia began life z a goldsmi?1 too1 & 0 nev] 9 aft] life a%am$ ( 8 pr(ession1 = he (t5 sign$ 8 works ,francesco ,francia ,aurifex4 ,francia 0 a v skilful workman 9 niello1 & 9 enamels4 ,9 fact1 to quote ! en?usia/ic ,vas>i1 he execut$ ev]y?+ t is mo/ beautiful1 & :i* c be p]=m$ 9 t art m p]fectly ?an any o!r ma/] _h ev] done4 ,baccio ,bald9i1 also1 0 a goldsmi?1 al?\gh a great] portion ( 8 ability 0 turn$ 9 ! direction ( engrav+4 ,8 pupil ,maso ,f9nigu]ra1 :o turn$ also to engrav+1 began 8 c>e] z a goldsmi?4 ,! great silv] alt> 9 ! ,bapti/]y 9 ,flor5ce occupi$ ne>ly all ! goldsmi?s 9 t city4 ,9 #accj ! fa!r ( ! ,orcagnas1 ,cione1 di$2 he _h work$ = "s ye>s be=e t on ! alt>4 ,9 #acff ! alt> 0 de/roy$1 b ! p>ts 9 bas-relief by ,cione 7 reta9$ & incorporat$ into ! new "w1 :i* 0 f9i%$ 9 #adgh4 ,ghib]ti1 ,orcagna1 ,v]oc*io1 & ,pollajuolo1 all execut$ v>i\s details ( ?is magnific5t monum5t4 ,goldsmi?s did n q *ange _! /&+ & *>act]i/ics until late 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,ab\t t "t x may be said t ! la/ goldsmi? ( ! old s*ool 0 ,claude ,ball91 :ile ! fir/ jewell]1 9 ! mod]n acceptation ( ! ^w1 0 ,pi]re de ,mont>sy4 ,silv] has always be5 select$ = ! bett] h\sehold ut5sils1 n only on acc\nt ( its beauty1 b also because ( its ductility1 :i* is desirable 9 mak+ l>g] vessels2 its value1 too1 is less ?an t ( gold1 s t articles :i* w\ld be q out ( ! rea* ( mo/ h\sehold]s1 if made 9 gold1 become v available 9 silv]4 ,silv] is p>ticul>ly adapt$ to daily use1 = ! necess>y wa%+ & poli%+ :i* x receives keeps x 9 good condition1 & !re is no dang] f poison ?r\gh corrosion1 z ) copp] & brass4 ,9 ! middle ages ! cu/om>y pieces ( plate 9 ,engli% homes 7 bas9s1 bottles1 b[ls1 c&le/icks1 saucepans1 jugs1 di%es1 ew]s & flagons1 & *af+-di%es = w>m+ ! h&s1 :i* 7 und\bt$ly ne$$1 :5 we rememb] h[ int5se ! cold mu/ h be5 9 ^? high1 b>e1 ill-v5tilat$ halls6 ,!re 7 also l>ge cups call$ hanaps1 small] cups1 plates1 & porr+]s1 salt-cell>s1 spoons1 & salv]s4 ,=ks 7 ( mu* lat] date4 ,!re are records ( sev]al silv] bas9s 9 ! ,regi/] ( ,john ( ,gaunt1 & also 9 ! ,inv5tory ( ,"l ,lisle3 "o be+ a bas9 & ew] ) arms & ano!r1 a %av+ bas94 ,john ( ,gaunt also own$ a silv] b[l = ! kit*54 ,if ! m$iaeval h\sehold lack$ com=ts1 x c\ld tea* u lessons 9 luxury 9 "s o!r dep>tm5ts6 ,he also _h a pair ( silv] bottles1 p>tly gilt1 & enamell$1 g>ni%$ ) tissues ( silk1 :ite & blue1 & a ca/+ bottle = di/ribut+ p]fume3 ,silv] c&elabra 7 record$2 ^!1 ( c\rse1 mu/ h be5 9 con/ant s]vice1 z ! facilities = light+ 7 l>gely dep5d5t ^u !m4 ,:5 ! ,cr[n 0 once oblig$ to ask a loan f ! ,e>l ( ,salisbury1 9 #adcb1 ! ,e>l receiv$1 z e>ne/ ( paym5t1 two gold5 c&elabra1 g>ni%$ ) pe>ls & preci\s /ones4 ,9 ! ,close ,roll ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 ( ,engl&1 !re is f\nd an int]e/+ ord] to a goldsmi?3 ,edw>d1 son ( ,eudo1 ) all ha/e1 by day & by night1 make a cup ) a foot = ! ,que53 weigh+ two m>ks1 n m2 price tw5ty m>ks1 aga9/ ,*ri/mas1 t %e may dr9k f x 9 t fea/3 & pa9t x & enamel x all ov]1 & 9 e o!r way t y c1 let x be dec5tly & beautifully wr\ght1 s t ! ,k+1 no less ?an ! said ,que51 may be cont5t !re)4 ,all ! "y pr9ces & pr9cesses 7 pres5t$ ) silv] cups1 also1 z !y came to su* age z made ! use ( !m exp$i5t2 ,lionel & ,john1 sons ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 7 pres5t$ ) cups ) lea!r cov]s = ! same1 :5 !y 7 "o & ?ree ye>s old respectively4 ,9 #adbc ! *ief ju/ice1 ,sir ,william ,hank=d1 gave 8 great-gr&daught] a baptismal gift ( a gilt cup & a diamond r+1 toge!r ) a curi\s te/imonial ( eight %ill+s & sixp5ce to ! nurse6 ,( di%es1 ! records are meagre1 b !re is an amus+ entry among ! ,lisle pap]s ref]r+ to a c\ple ( cons]ve di%es = :i* ,lady ,lisle express$ a wi%4 ,husee _h be5 ord]$ to procure ^!1 b writes1 ,i c get no cons]ve di%es444 h[ev]1 if !y be to be _h1 ,i w h ( !m1 or x %all co/ me hot wat]6 ,a little lat] he obs]ves1 ,t[>ds ,*ri/mas day !y %all be made at ,bevoys1 betwixt ,abbeville & ,p>is4 ,flagons 7 evid5tly a novelty 9 #adga1 = !re is an entry 9 ! ,issue ,roll ( ,edw>d ,,iv41 :i* m5tions two ollas call$ silv] flagons = ! ,k+4 ,an olla 0 a ,lat9 t]m = a j>4 ,"l ,lisle rejoic$ 9 a pair ( flagons1 ! gilt sore worn4 ,hanaps 7 m usual1 & appe> to h be5 usually 9 ! =m ( goblets4 ,!y frequ5tly _h /&s call$ trip]s4 ,sometimes ^! /&s 7 v ornate1 z1 = in/ance1 "o own$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,c>p5tras1 9 ! %ape ( a fly+ dragon1 ) a cr[n$ damsel sitt+ ^u a gre5 t]race4 ,ano!r1 belong+ to ! ,c\ntess ( ,cambridge1 0 describ$ z be+ 9 ! %ape ( a mon/]1 ) ?ree buttresses & ?ree bosses ( "m ( pe>l444 & an ew]1444 p>tly enamell$ ) div]s baboon]ies--a delightful expression6 ,o!r hanaps 7 9 ! =ms ( swans1 oak trees1 :ite h>ts1 eagles1 lions1 & ! l--probably (t5 ( h]aldic significance4 ,a set ( platt]s 0 s5t f ,p>is to ,ri*>d ,,ii41 all ( gold1 ) balas rubies1 pe>ls & sapphires set 9 !m4 ,x is relat$ ( ! anci5t ,franki% k+1 ,*ilp]ic1 t he _h made a di% ( solid gold1 ornam5t$ all ov] ) preci\s /ones1 & weigh+ fifty p\nds1 :ile ,lo?aire own$ an enorm\s silv] bas9 be>+ z decoration ! _w ) ! c\rses ( ! />s & ! planets4 ,! porr+] 0 a v important article ( table use1 = pap1 & s(t foods su* z we %\ld t]m c]eals1 & = boil$ pudd+4 ,^! 7 all d5om9at$ porridge1 & 7 eat5 f ^! vessels4 ,s\p 0 d\btless s]v$ 9 !m z well4 ,!y 7 num]\s 9 e h\sehold4 ,9 ! ,roll ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 is an item1 m5tion+ t he _h ord]$ tw5ty porr+]s to be made1 l ! "o hundr$ porr+]s :i* _h already be5 ord]$6 ,an int]e/+ patt]n ( silv] cups 9 ,elizabe?an times 7 ! truss+ cups1 namely1 two goblets ( silv]1 squat 9 %ape & broad 9 b[l1 :i* fitt$ toge!r at ! rim1 s t "o 0 inv]t$ z a sort ( cov] on top ( ! o!r :5 !y 7 n 9 use4 ,dr9k+ cups 7 sometimes made out ( cocoanuts1 m\nt$ 9 silv]1 & (t5 ( o/ri* eggs1 simil>ly treat$1 & less frequ5tly ( horns holl[$ out & set on feet4 ,m$iaeval lov+ cups 7 usually nam$1 & frequ5tly = "s e/ates t belong$ to ! own]4 ,cups h be5 kn[n to be> su* names z ,spang1 ,beal*i]1 & ,crumpuldud1 :ile o!rs bore ! names ( ! patron sa9ts ( _! own]s4 ,a k9d ( cruet is record$ among e>ly ,fr5* table silv]1 a d\ble neck$ bottle 9 divisions1 9 :i* to place two k9ds ( liquor )\t mix+ !m4 ,a curi\s bit ( table silv] 9 ,france1 also1 0 ! almsbox1 into :i* ea* gue/ 0 suppos$ to put "s piece ( food1 to be giv5 to ! poor4 ,spoons 7 v e>ly 9 _! orig92 ,/4 ,radegond is report$ by a contempor>y to h us$ a spoon1 9 fe$+ ! bl9d & infirm4 ,a qua9t book ( in/ructions to *ildr51 call$ ,! ,babee's ,booke1 9 #adge1 advises by way ( table mann]s3 ,& :5ev] y\r potage to y %all be br\ght1 ,take y\r sponys & s\pe by no way1 ,& 9 y\r di% leave n y\r spoon1 ,i pray6 ,& a lat] volume on ! same subject1 9 #aejj1 comm5ds a prop] respect = ! implem5ts ( ! table3 ,ne playe ) spoone1 tr5*]1 ne knife4 ,spoons ( curi\s =m 7 evid5tly made all ! way f #acjj to ! pres5t day4 ,9 an old w1 9 #adgg1 m5tion is made ( spoons wt leop>ds h$es pr9t$ 9 ! sponself1 & 9 ano!r1 six spoons wt owles at ! end ( ! h&les4 ,pr(essor ,wilson said1 ,a plat$ spoon is a pitiful imposition1 & he 0 "r4 ,if !re is "o article ( table s]vice 9 :i* solidity ( metal is ( m importance ?an 9 ano!r1 x is ! spoon1 :i* mu/ p]=ce come 9 contact ) ! lips :5ev] x is us$4 ,9 ,engl& ! e>lie/ spoons 7 ( ab\t ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ! fir/ idea ( a h&le seems to h be5 a pla9 %aft end+ 9 a ball or knob4 ,gradually spoons began to %[ m ( ! decorative in/9ct ( _! design]s2 acorns1 small /atuettes1 & su* devices t]m9at$ ! h&les1 :i* /ill reta9$ _! sl5d] proportions1 h[ev]4 ,f9ally x became popul> to h images ( ! ,virg9 on individual spoons1 :i* l$ to ! idea1 aft] a bit1 ( decorat+ ! doz5 ) ! twelve apo/les4 ,^! may be se5 ( all p]iods1 diff]5tly elaborat$4 ,sets ( ?irte5 are occasionally met )1 ^! hav+ "o ) ! /atue ( ,jesus z ! ,good ,%eph]d1 ) a lamb on 8 %\ld]s3 x is kn[n z ! ,ma/] spoon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,apo/le ,,spoons ,! fir/ m5tion ( =ks 9 ,france is 9 ! ,inv5tory1 ( ,*>les ,v41 9 #acgi4 ,we he> a great deal ab\t ! promiscu\s use ( knives be=e =ks 7 inv5t$2 h[ 9 ! *ildr5's book ( in/ructions !y are enjo9$ pick n ?y tee? ) ?y knife1 z if x 7 a g5]al habit requir+ to be *eck$4 ,mass+] alludes to a silv] =k ,to convey an olive neatly to ?y m\?1 b ?is may apply to pickle =ks4 ,=ks 7 introduc$ f ,italy into ,engl& ab\t #afjg4 ,a curiosity 9 cutl]y is ! musical knife at ! ,l\vre2 ! blade is /eel1 m\nt$ 9 p>cel gilt1 & ! h&le is ( ivory4 ,on ! blade is engrav$ a few b>s ( music 7arrang$ = ! bass only71 accompany+ ! words1 ,:at we are ab\t to take may ,tr9ity 9 ,unity bless4 ,am54 ,?is is a lit]al translation4 ,x indicates t !re 7 probably ?ree o!r knives 9 ! set s ornam5t$1 "o ) ! soprano1 "o alto1 & "o t5or1 s t f\r p]sons sitt+ d[n to table toge!r might *ant _! grace 9 f\r-"p h>mony1 hav+ ! requisite notes be=e !m6 ,x 0 a qua9t idea1 b q 9 keep+ ) ! ta/e ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ivory ,,knife ,,h&les1 ,,) ,,portraits ,,( ,,que5 ,,elizabe? ,,& ,,james ,i4 ,,englis ,! dome/ic plate ( ,l\is1 ,duke ( ,anj\1 9 #acfj1 consi/$ ( ov] sev5 hundr$ pieces1 & ,*>les ,v4 ( ,france _h an enorm\s treasury ( su* objects = daily use4 ,/rong rooms & safes 7 built dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury1 = ! lodg+ ( ! h\sehold valuables4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! ,dukes ( ,burgundy 7 fam\s = _! spl5did table s]vice4 ,inde$1 ! craze = dome/ic display 9 ?is l9e became s excessive1 t 9 #acef ,k+ ,john ( ,france prohibit$ ! fur!r production ( su* elaborate pieces1 gold or silv] plate1 vases1 or silv] jewelry1 ( m ?an "o m>k ( gold1 or silv]1 except+ = *ur*es4 ,?is edict1 h[ev]1 accompli%$ little1 & 0 con/antly evad$4 ,_m l>ge pieces ( silv] made 9 ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance 7 made simply ) a view to /&+ ab\t z ornam5ts4 ,cell9i alludes to c]ta9 vases :i* _h be5 ord]$ f him1 say+ t !y are call$ ew]s1 & !y are plac$ ^u buffets = ! purpose ( display4 ,! salt cell> 0 always a piece de resi/ance1 & /ood 9 ! c5tre ( ! table4 ,x 0 (t5 9 ! =m ( a %ip 9 silv]4 ,a book entitl$ ,f= to s]ve a ,lorde1 9 #aejj1 directs ! botel] or pant]1 to br+ =? ! pr9cipal salt1 & to set ! sal] 9 ! myddys ( ! table4 ,p]sons help$ !mselves to salt ) a cl5e kniffe4 ,! seats ( hon\r 7 all ab\t ! salt1 :ile ^? ( less degree 7 at ! l[] end ( ! table1 & 7 designat$ z bel[ ! salt4 ,! silv] %ip 0 commonly an imm5se piece ( plate1 conta9+ ! napk91 goblet1 & knife & spoon ( ! ho/1 besides be+ ! receptacle = ! spices & salt4 ,?r\gh fe> ( poison1 ! precaution 0 tak5 ( keep+ x cov]$4 ,?is %ip 0 (t5 kn[n z ! nef1 & frequ5tly _h a "n1 z if x 7 ! family ya*t6 ,"o is record$ z hav+ be5 nam$ ! ,tyg]1 :ile a nef belong+ to ! ,duke ( ,orleans 0 call$ ! ,porquepy1 mean+ porcup9e4 ,"o ( ! hi/oric salts1 9 ano!r =m1 is ! ,huntsman's salt1 & is kept at ,all ,s\l's ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,! figure ( a huntsman1 be>s ^u its head a rock cry/al box ) a lid4 ,ab\t ! feet ( ?is figure are sev]al t9y animals & human be+s1 s t x looks z if ! int5t _h be5 to picture "s gigantic leg5d>y hunt]--a sort ( ,gulliv] ( ! *ase4 ,! table 0 (t5 furni%$ also ) a f\nta91 9 :i* dr9k+-wat] 0 kept1 & ^u :i* ei!r /ood or hung cups or goblets4 ,^! f\nta9s 7 (t5 ( fanta/ic %apes1 & usually enamell$4 ,"o is describ$ z repres5t+ a dragon on a tree top1 & ano!r a ca/le on a hill1 ) a conv5i5t tap at "s po9t = draw+ (f ! wat]4 ,! ,london ,city ,companies are ri* 9 _! possessions ( valuable plate4 ,"s ( ! cups are especially beautiful4 ,! ,wor%ipful ,company ( ,sk9n]s owns "s curi\s lov+ cups1 emblematic ( ! names ( ! donors4 ,!re are five ,cockayne ,lov+ ,cups1 made 9 ! =m ( cocks1 ) _! tail fea!rs spread up to =m ! h&les4 ,! heads h to be remov$ = dr9k+4 ,^! cups 7 bequea!d by ,william ,cockayne1 9 #aeih4 ,ano!r cup is 9 ! =m ( a peacock1 walk+ ) two little *icks ( m9ute proportions on ei!r side ( ! p>5t bird4 ,?is is inscrib$1 ,! gift ( ,m>y ! daught] ( ,ri*>d ,rob9son1 & wife to ,?omas ,smi? & ,james ,peacock1 ,sk9n]s4 ,:e!r ! good lady 7 a bigami/ or took h] husb&s 9 rotation1 does n transpire4 ,an int]e/+ cup is own$ by ! ,v9tn]s 9 ,london1 call$ ! ,milkmaid4 ,! figure ( a milkmaid1 9 lac$ bodice1 holds above h] head a small cup on pivots1 s t x f9ds its level :5 ! figure is inv]t$1 z is ! case :5 ! cup is us$1 ! petticoat ( ! milkmaid =m+ ! real goblet4 ,x is con/ruct$ on ! same pr9ciple z ! ,g]man figures ( c\rt ladies hold+ up cups1 :i* are (t5 se5 to-day1 made on ! old patt]n4 ,! cups 9 ! case ( ?is milkmaid are bo? fill$ ) w9e1 & x is q difficult to dr9k f ! l>g] cup )\t spill+ f ! small sw++ cup :i* is !n bel[ ! o!r4 ,e memb] is expect$ to p]=m ?is feat z a sort ( initiation4 ,x dates f #afeh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,milkmaid ,,cup ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful ,corporation cups is at ,norwi*1 :]e x is kn[n z ! ,pet]s5 cup4 ,x is %ap$ l a v ?ick & squat *alice1 & ar\nd its top is a wide bord] ( decorative lett]+1 be>+ ! inscription1 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,"h ,,(4 ,,is ,,dunne ,,by ,,pet] ,,pet]son 4 ,?is craftsman 0 a ,norwi* silv]smi? ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 v fam\s 9 8 day1 & a rem>kably *a/e design] z well4 ,a beautiful ivory cup twelve in*es high1 set 9 silv] gilt1 call$ ! ,grace ,cup1 ( ,?omas a ,becket1 is inscrib$ ar\nd ! top b&1 ,v9um tuum bibe cum gaudio4 ,x has a hall-m>k ( a ,lomb>dic lett] ,h1 signify+ ! ye> #adde4 ,x is decorat$ by *]ubs1 roses1 ?i/les1 & crosses1 reliev$ ) g>nets & pe>ls4 ,on ano!r flat b& is ! inscription3 ,sobrii e/ote1 & on ! cov]1 9 ,roman capitals1 ,f]>e ,god4 ,x is own$ by ! ,h[>d family1 ( ,corby4 ,tank>ds 7 sometimes made ( su* crude mat]ials z lea!r 7l ! le!r bottel ( hi/ory71 & ( wood4 ,9 fact1 ! inv5tory ( a c]ta9 small *ur* 9 ! ye> #aeff tells ( a p5ny tank>d ( wood1 :i* 0 us$ z a holy wat] /ock4 ,an extravagant design1 ( a p]iod really lat] ?an we are suppos$ to deal ) 9 ?is book1 is a curi\s cup at ,b>b]'s & ,surgeon's ,hall1 kn[n z ! ,royal ,oak4 ,x is built to sugge/ an oak tree1--a naturali/ic trunk1 ) its roots visible1 support+ ! cup1 :i* is 9 ! =m ( a semi-conv5tional tree1 cov]$ ) leaves1 deta*$ acorns sw++ free on r+s f ! sides at int]vals6 ,ri*>d ,r$grave call$ att5tion to "s ( ! absurdities ( ! exotic "w ( 8 day 9 ,engl&4 ,ra*el at a well1 "u an imitative palm tree1 he rem>ks1 draws1 n wat]1 b ink2 a grotto ( oy/] %ells ) *ildr5 beside x1 conta9s444 an ink vessel2 ! milk pail on a maid5's head conta9s1 n goat's milk1 z ! animal by h] side w\ld lead y to suppose1 b a tap]6 ,"o great secret ( good design 9 metal is to avoid imitat+ fragile ?+s 9 a /rong mat]ial4 ,! /alk ( a fl[] or leaf1 = in/ance1 if made to d duty 9 silv] to support a heavy cup or vase1 is a v disagreeable ?+ to contemplate2 if ! article 7 really :at x repres5t$1 x w\ld break "u ! /ra94 ,:ile !re %\ld be no delib]ate p]v]sion ( ,nature's =ms1 !re %\ld be no naturali/ic imitation4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,jewelry ,,& ,,preci\s ,,/ones ,we are told t ! ^w jewel has come by degrees f ,lat91 ?r\gh ,fr5*1 to its pres5t =m2 x comm5c$ z a gaudium 7joy71 & progress$ ?r\gh j\el & joyau to ! famili> ^w1 z we h x4 ,! fir/ objects to be made 9 ! =m ( p]sonal adornm5t 7 necklaces3 ?is may be easily und]/ood1 = 9 c]ta9 savage l&s ! necklace =m$1 & /ill =ms1 ! *ief feature 9 fem99e attire4 ,9 ?is little treatise1 h[ev]1 we _c deal ) any?+ s primitive or s e>ly2 we mu/ n ev5 take "t to consid] ! exquisite ,greek & ,roman jewelry4 ,among/ ! e>lie/ m$iaeval jewels we w /udy ! ,anglo-,saxon & ! ,byzant9e4 ,anglo-,saxon & ,iri% jewelry is fam\s = delicate filigree1 f9e enamels1 & flat g>nets us$ 9 a v decorative way4 ,niello 0 also employ$ to "s ext5t4 ,x is easy1 9 look+ f ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,patrick to ! ,book ( ,kells1 to see h[ ! illum9ators 7 influ5c$ by ! goldsmi?s 9 e>ly times1--9 ,celtic & ,anglo-,saxon "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,saxon ,,broo* ,! e>lie/ =ms ( broo*es 7 ! annul>1--t is1 a long p9 ) a h+$ r+ at its head = ornam5t1 & ! p5annul>1 or p9 ) a brok5 circle at its head4 ,?r\gh ! op5+ 9 ! circle ! p9 returns1 & !n ) a twi/ ( ! r+1 x is held m firmly 9 ! mat]ial4 ,( ^! two =ms are notable examples 9 ! ,arbutus broo* & ! celebrat$ ,t>a broo*4 ,! ,t>a broo* is a p]fect museum 9 itself ( ! jewell]'s art4 ,x is ornam5t$ ) enamel1 ) jewels set 9 silv]1 amb]1 scroll filigree1 f9e *a9s1 ,celtic trac]y1 m\ld$ glass--ne>ly e bran* ( ! art is repres5t$ 9 ?is "o treasure1 :i* 0 f\nd q by accid5t ne> ,drogh$a1 9 #ahej1 a l&slide hav+ expos$ ! buri$ spot :]e x _h la9 = c5turies4 ,z _m z sev5ty-six diff]5t k9ds ( workman%ip are to be detect$ on ?is curi\s relic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,t>a ,,broo* ,at a great ,exhibition at ,ironmong]'s ,hall 9 #ahfa !re 0 %[n a lead5 fibula1 q a da9ty piece ( p]sonal ornam5t1 9 ,anglo-,saxon ta/e1 decorat$ ) a m\ld$ spiral me&]4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! ,?ames 9 #ahee1 & !re are only ?ree o!r simil> broo*es ( lead kn[n to exi/4 ,( ! ,celtic broo*es ,scott speaks3 444! broo* ( burn+ gold ,t clasps ! *iefta9's mantle fold1 ,wr\ght & *as$ ) r>e device1 ,/udd$ fair ) gems ( price4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable pieces ( ,celtic jewell$ "w is ! bell ( ,/4 ,patrick1 :i* measures ov] t5 in*es 9 height4 ,?is sa9t is associat$ ) sev]al bells3 "o1 call$ ! ,brok5 ,bell ( ,/4 ,brigid1 he us$ on 8 la/ crusade aga9/ ! demons ( ,irel&2 x is said t :5 he f\nd 8 adv]s>ies specially unyield+1 he flung ! bell ) all 8 might into ! ?icke/ ( _! ranks1 s t !y fl$ precipitately into ! sea1 leav+ ! isl& free f _! aggressions = sev5 ye>s1 sev5 mon?s1 & sev5 days4 ,"o ( ,/4 ,patrick's bells is kn[n1 9 ,celtic1 z ! :ite ton$1 :ile ano!r is call$ ! black s\nd+4 ,?is is an e>ly & curi\s in/ance ( ! sub-consci\s association ( ! qualities ( s\nd ) ^? ( col\r4 ,viollet le ,duc tells h[ a bl9d man 0 ask$ if he knew :at ! col\r r$ 04 ,he repli$1 ,yes3 r$ is ! s\nd ( ! trumpet4 ,& ! great ar*itect himself1 :5 a *ild1 0 c>ri$ by 8 nurse into ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame 9 ,p>is1 :]e he cri$ ) t]ror because he fanci$ t ! v>i\s organ notes :i* he he>d 7 be+ hurl$ at him by ! /a9$ glass w9d[s1 ea* "o repres5t$ by a diff]5t col\r 9 ! glass6 ,illu/ration3 ,,%r9e ,,( ,,! ,,bell ,,( ,,/4 ,,patrick ,b ! mo/ fam\s bell 9 connection ) ,/4 ,patrick is ! "o kn[n by 8 own "n & br\ght ) 8 relics by ,columbkille only sixty ye>s aft] ! sa9t's dea?4 ,! out] case is an exce$+ly ri* example ( ,celtic "w4 ,on a gr\nd ( brass1 f9e gold & silv] filigree is appli$1 9 curi\s int]laces & knots1 & x is set ) sev]al jewels1 "s ( l>ge size1 9 gre51 blue1 & dull r$4 ,9 ! front are two l>ge tall[-cut ,iri% diamonds1 & a ?ird 0 app>5tly set 9 a place :i* is n[ vacant4 ,on ! back ( ! bell appe>s a ,celtic inscription 9 mo/ decorative lett]+ all ab\t ! edge2 ! lit]al translation ( ?is is3 ,a pray] = ,donnell ,o',lo*la91 ?r\gh :om ?is bell %r9e 0 made2 & = ,donnell1 ! successor ( ,patrick1 ) :om x 0 made2 & = ,cahalan ,o',mulhollan1 ! keep] ( ! bell1 & = ,cudilig ,o',imma951 ) 8 sons1 :o cov]$ x4 ,donald ,o',lo*la9 0 mon>* ( ,irel& 9 #ajhc4 ,donald ! successor ( ,patrick 0 ! ,abbot ( ,armagh1 f #ajia to #aaje4 ,! o!rs 7 evid5tly ! craftsm5 :o work$ on ! %r9e4 ,9 _m int]laces1 especially on ! sides1 !re may be trac$ intricate patt]ns =m$ ( s]p5ts1 b z ne>ly all ,celtic "w is simil>ly ornam5t$1 !re is probably no?+ p]sonal 9 _! use 9 connection ) ! relic ( ,/4 ,patrick6 ,patrick br\ght q a bevy ( workm5 into ,irel& ab\t #ddj3 "s 7 smi?s1 ,mac ,ce*t1 ,laebhan1 & ,font*an1 :o 7 turn$ at once ^u mak+ ( bells1 :ile "s o!r skill$ artific]s1 ,fairill & ,tassa*1 made pat5s & *alices4 ,/4 ,bridget1 too1 _h a fam\s goldsmi? 9 h] tra91 "o ,bi%op ,c\la4 ,! pectoral cross ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t ( ,l9disf>ne is n[ to be se5 9 ,durham4 ,x 0 buri$ ) ! sa9t1 & 0 discov]$ ) 8 body4 ,! f\r arms are ( equal l5g?1 & n v heavy 9 proportion4 ,x is ( gold1 made 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & is set ) g>nets1 a v l>ge "o 9 ! c5tre1 "o some:at small] at ! ends ( ! arms1 :]e ! l9es wid5 consid]ably1 & ) small] ones cont9u\sly betwe54 ,among ! _m jewels :i* decorat$ ! %r9e ( ,?omas a ,becket at ,cant]bury 0 a /one ) an angell ( gold poynt+ !reunto1 :i* 0 a gift f ! ,k+ ( ,france1 :o _h _h x made into a r+ & wore x on 8 ?umb4 ,o!r /ones describ$ z be+ on ?is %r9e 7 sumptu\s1 ! :ole be+ damasc5$ ) gold wire1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! gold1 r+s2 or cameos ( sculptur$ agates1 c>nelians1 & onyx /ones4 ,a visitor to ,cant]bury 9 #aejj writes3 ,ev]y?+ is left f> beh9d by a ruby n l>g] ?an a man's ?umb nail1 :i* is set to ! "r ( ! alt>4 ,! *ur* is r d>k1 & :5 we w5t to see x ! sun 0 ne>ly gone d[n1 & ! wea!r 0 cl\dy1 yet we saw ! ruby z well z if x _h be5 9 my h&4 ,!y say x 0 a gift ( ! ,k+ ( ,france4 ,possessions ( "o k9d 7 (t5 conv]t$ into ano!r1 accord+ to *ang+ fa%ions4 ,philippa ( ,lanca/] _h a gold coll> made out ( two bottles & a turret1 9 #achj4 ,m$iaeval ros>ies 7 g5]ally compos$ ( beads ( coral or c>nelian1 & (t5 ( gold & pe>ls z well4 ,m>co ,polo tells ( a unique ros>y worn by ! ,k+ ( ,malab>2 "o hundr$ & f\r l>ge pe>ls1 ) occasional rubies ( great price1 compos$ ! /r+4 ,m>co ,polo adds3 ,he has to say "o hundr$ & f\r pray]s to 8 idols e morn+ & ev5+4 ,9 ! possession ( ! ,%ah ( ,p]sia is a gold casket /udd$ ) em]alds1 :i* is said to h ! magic p[] ( r5d]+ ! own] invisible z long z he rema9s celibate4 ,i fancy t ?is is a safe claim1 = ! tradition is n likely to be put to ! pro( 9 ! case ( a ,%ah6 ,probably !re has nev] be5 an opportunity ( te/+ ! miracul\s p[]s ( ! /ones4 ,! inv5tory ( ,"l ,lisle conta9s _m int]e/+ side lights on ! jewelry ( ! p]iod3 a haw?orne ( gold1 ) tw5ty diamonds2 a little t[] ( gold1 & a pair ( beads ( gold1 ) tassels4 ,filigree or *a9 "w 0 t]m$ p]ry4 ,9 old pap]s su* z inv5tories1 regi/]s1 & ! l1 !re are frequ5t m5tions ( buttons ( gold & p]ry2 9 #acgb ,al9e ,g]buge receiv$ "o little circle ( gold & p]ry1 em]alds & balasses4 ,clasps & broo*es 7 us$ mu* 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,!y 7 (t5 call$ ou*es1 & 7 usually ( jewell$ gold4 ,"o1 an image ( ,/4 ,george1 0 giv5 by ! ,black ,pr9ce to ,john ( ,gaunt4 ,! ,du*ess ( ,bretagne _h among o!r broo*es "o ) a :ite griff91 a balas ruby on its %\ld]1 six sapphires ar\nd x1 & !n six balasses1 & twelve gr\ps ( pe>ls ) diamonds4 ,broo*es 7 frequ5tly worn by be+ /uck 9 ! hat4 ,9 a curi\s lett] f ,james ,i4 to 8 son1 ! mon>* writes3 ,i s5d = y\r we>+ ! ,?ree ,bre?r5 7evid5tly a gr\p ( ?ree /ones7 444b newly set444 :i* ,i wolde wi% y to we>e alone 9 y\r hat1 ) a ,littel black fea!r4 ,to 8 fav\rite ,buck+ham he also s5ds a diamond1 say+ t 8 son w l5d him also an ank] 9 all probability2 b he adds3 ,if my ,babee w n sp>e ! ank] f 8 ,mi/ress1 he may well l5d !e 8 r\nd broo* to we>e1 & yett he %all h jewels to we>e 9 8 hat = ?ree grate dayes4 ,9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies ! wom5 wore nets 9 _! hair1 compos$ ( gold ?reads adorn$ ) pe>ls4 ,at fir/ two small long rolls by ! temples 7 conf9$ 9 ^! nets3 lat]1 ! :ole back hair 0 ga!r$ into a l>ge circul> arrangem5t4 ,^! nets 7 call$ frets--a fret ( pe>ls 0 consid]$ a suffici5t legacy = a du*ess to leave to h] daught]4 ,9 ! con/ant resett+ & *ang+ ( jewels1 _m important m$iaeval specim5s1 n to m5tion exquisite vessels & *ur* furniture1 7 melt$ d[n & done ov] by ,b5v5uto ,cell9i1 especially at ! "t t ,pope ,clem5t 0 besieg$ at ! ,ca/le ( ,/4 ,angelo4 ,probably ! mo/ colossal jewel ( anci5t times 0 ! ,peacock ,?rone ( ,delhi4 ,x 0 9 ! =m ( two spread tails ( peacocks1 compos$ entirely ( sapphires1 em]alds & topazes1 fea!r by fea!r & eye by eye1 set s z to t\* ea* o!r4 ,a p>rot ( life size c>v$ f a s+le em]ald1 /ood betwe5 ! peacocks4 ,9 #aafa ! ?rone ( ! ,emp]or 9 ,con/ant9ople is describ$ by ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela3 ,( gold ornam5t$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,a gold5 cr[n hangs ov] x1 susp5d$ on a *a9 ( ! same mat]ial1 ! l5g? ( :i* exactly admits ! ,emp]or to sit "u x4 ,! cr[n is ornam5t$ ) preci\s /ones ( ine/imable value4 ,su* is ! lu/re ( ^! diamonds t ev5 )\t any o!r light1 !y illum9e ! room 9 :i* !y are kept4 ,! greate/ m$iaeval jewell] 0 ,/4 ,eloi ( ,limoges4 ,8 hi/ory is an int]e/+ "o1 & 8 a*ievem5t & rise 9 life 0 v rem>kable 9 ! p]iod 9 :i* he liv$4 ,eloi 0 a workman 9 ,limoges1 z a y\?1 "u ! fam\s ,abho1 9 ! six? c5tury2 !re he le>n$ ! craft ( a goldsmi?4 ,he 0 su* a spl5did artisan t he soon receiv$ commissions = ext5sive works on 8 own acc\nt4 ,k+ ,clo?aire ,,ii4 ord]$ f him a gold5 ?rone1 & suppli$ ! gold :i* 0 to be us$4 ,to ! a/oni%m5t ( all1 ,eloi pres5t$ ! k+ ) two gold5 ?rones 7al?\gh x is difficult to imag9e :at a k+ w\ld d ) duplicate ?rones671 & imm$iately x 0 nois$ abroad t ! goldsmi? ,eloi 0 possess$ ( miracul\s p[]s1 s9ce1 out ( gold suffici5t = "o ?rone1 he _h con/ruct$ two4 ,p ( a m practical turn f\nd out t ,eloi _h le>n$ ! art ( alloy+ ! gold1 s z to make x d d\ble duty4 ,a great _m examples ( ,/4 ,eloi's "w might h be5 se5 9 ,france until ! ,revolution 9 #agib1 especially at ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,a r+ made by him1 ) :i* ,/4 ,godib]te 0 m>ri$ to ,*ri/1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( m$iaeval sa9ts1 0 pres]v$ at ,noyon until #agic1 :5 x disappe>$ 9 ! ,revolution4 ,! ,*ronicle says ( ,eloi3 ,he made = ! k+ a great num] ( gold vesses enri*$ ) preci\s /ones1 & he work$ incessantly1 seat$ ) 8 s]vant ,?illo1 a ,saxon by bir?1 :o foll[$ ! lessons ( 8 ma/]4 ,/4 ,eloi f\nd$ two in/itutions = goldsmi?+3 "o = ! production ( dome/ic & secul> plate1 & ! o!r = ecclesia/ical "w exclusively1 s t no work] 9 pr(ane l9es %\ld h&le ! sacr$ vessels4 ,! secul> bran* 0 situat$ ne> ! dwell+ ( ,eloi1 9 ! ,cite itself1 & 0 kn[n z ,/4 ,eloi's ,enclosure4 ,:5 a fire burn$ !m out ( h\se & %elt]1 !y remov$ to a suburban qu>t]1 :i* soon became kn[n 9 its turn1 z ! ,cloture ,/4 ,eloi4 ,! religi\s bran* ( ! e/abli%m5t 0 presid$ ov] by ! a=esaid ,?illo1 & 0 ! ,abbey ( ,solignac1 ne> ,limoges4 ,?is s*ool 0 inaugurat$ 9 #fca4 ,:ile ,eloi 0 work+ at ! c\rt ( ,k+ ,clo?aire ,,ii41 ,/4 ,qu5 0 !re z well4 ,! two y\?s /ruck up a close fri5d%ip1 & aft]w>ds ,ou5 became 8 biograph]4 ,8 description ( ,eloi's p]sonal appe>ance is wor? quot+1 to %[ ! sort ( figure a m$iaeval sa9t sometimes cut be=e canonization4 ,he 0 tall1 ) a ruddy face1 8 hair & be>d curly4 ,8 h&s well made1 & 8 f+]s long1 8 face full ( angelic sweetness4444 ,at fir/ he wore habits cov]$ ) pe>ls & preci\s /ones2 he _h also belts sewn ) pe>ls4 ,8 dress 0 ( l95 encru/$ ) gold1 & ! edges ( 8 tunic trimm$ ) gold embroid]y4 ,inde$1 8 clo?+ 0 v co/ly1 & "s ( 8 dresses 7 ( silk4 ,su* 0 8 ext]ior 9 8 fir/ p]iod at c\rt1 & he dress$ ?us to avoid s+ul>ity2 b "u ?is g>m5t he wore a r\gh sack clo?1 & lat] on1 he dispos$ ( all 8 ornam5ts to relieve ! di/ress$2 & he might be se5 ) only a cord r\nd 8 wai/ & common clo!s4 ,sometimes ! k+1 see+ him ?us dive/$ ( 8 ri* clo?+1 w\ld take (f 8 own cloak & girdle & give !m to him1 say+3 ',x is n suitable t ^? :o dwell = ! _w %\ld be ri*ly clad1 & t ^? :o despoil !mselves = ,*ri/ %\ld be )\t glory4' ,among ! num]\s virtues ( ,/4 ,eloi 0 t ( a consi/5t c>ry+ out ( 8 real beliefs & !ories1 :e!r m5 might consid] him quixotic or n4 ,he 0 /rongly oppos$ to ! in/itution ( slav]y4 ,9 ^? days x w\ld h be5 futile to prea* actual emancipation4 ,! times 7 n ripe4 ,b ,/4 ,eloi did all t he c\ld = ! cause ( fre$om by inve/+ mo/ ( 8 money 9 slaves1 & !n sett+ !m at lib]ty4 ,sometimes he w\ld corn] a :ole slave m>ket1 buy+ z _m z ?irty to a hundr$ at a "t4 ,"s ( ^! manumitt$ p]sons became 8 own fai?ful foll[]s3 "s ent]$ ! religi\s life1 & o!rs devot$ _! tal5ts to _! b5efactor1 & work$ 9 8 /udios = ! fur!r+ ( art 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,he once play$ a trick ^u ! k+4 ,he reque/$ ! gift ( a t[n1 9 ord]1 z he expla9$1 t he might !re build a ladd] by :i* !y might bo? rea* heav54 ,! k+1 9 ! r cr$ul\s fa%ion ( ! times1 grant$ 8 reque/1 & wait$ to see ! ladd]4 ,/4 ,eloi promptly built a mona/]y4 ,if ! mon>* did n *oose to avail himself ( ?is species ( ladd]1--surely x 0 no fault ( ! build]6 ,/4 ,qu5 & ,/4 ,eloi 7 consecrat$ bi%ops on ! same day1 ,may #ad1 ,/4 ,qu5 to ! ,bi%opric ( ,r\51 & ,eloi to ! ,see ( ,noyon4 ,he made a great hunt = ! body ( ,/4 ,qu5t91 :i* _h be5 un=tunately mislaid1 hav+ be5 buri$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,noyon2 he turn$ up e available spot ( gr\nd ar\nd1 )9 & b5ea? ! *ur*1 until he f\nd a skeleton 9 a tomb1 ) "s iron nails4 ,?is he proclaim$ to be ! sacr$ body1 = ! leg5d 0 t ,/4 ,qu5t9 _h be5 m>tyr$ by hav+ nails driv5 into 8 head6 ,al?\gh x 0 q evid5t to o!rs t ^! 7 c(f9 nails1 /ill ,/4 ,eloi insi/$ ^u reg>d+ 8 discov]y z g5u9e1 & !y began dilig5tly to dismemb] ! rema9s = di/ribution among ! *ur*es4 ,z !y 7 pull+ "o ( ! tee?1 a drop ( blood 0 se5 to foll[ x1 :i* miracle 0 hail$ by ,/4 ,eloi z ! "o pro( want+4 ,eloi _h ! g5u9e arti/ic temp]am5t & 8 religi\s zeal 0 mu* influ5c$ by 8 ae/hetic nature4 ,he once prea*$ an excell5t s]mon1 /ill pres]v$1 aga9/ sup]/ition4 ,he inveigh$ p>ticul>ly aga9/ ! use ( *>ms & incantations4 ,b he _h 8 own little /reak ( sup]/ition 9 spite ( ! fact t he fulm9at$ aga9/ x4 ,:5 he _h committ$ "s fault1 aft] confession1 he us$ to hang bags ( relics 9 8 room1 & wat* !m = a sign ( =giv5ess4 ,:5 "o ( ^! w\ld turn oily1 or beg9 to affect ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e peculi>ly1 he w\ld consid] x a sign ( ! =giv5ess ( heav54 ,x seems to u to-day z if he might h look$ to 8 own relic bags be=e condemn+ ! ignorant4 ,/4 ,eloi di$ 9 #fei1 & 0 himself di/ribut$ to ! fai?ful 9 q a :olesale way4 ,"o arm is 9 ,p>is4 ,he 0 canoniz$ bo? = 8 holy life & = 8 great zeal 9 art4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 a silv] c(f9 adorn$ ) gold1 & 8 tomb 0 said to "w miracles l ! %r9e ( ,becket4 ,inde$1 ,becket himself 0 pretty dressy 9 ! matt] ( jewels2 :5 he travell$ to ,p>is1 ! simple ,fr5*m5 exclaim$3 ,:at a wond]ful p]sonage ! ,k+ ( ,engl& mu/ be1 if 8 *ancellor c travel 9 su* /ate6 ,!re are v>i\s leg5ds ab\t ,/4 ,eloi4 ,x is told t a c]ta9 horse once behav$ 9 a v ob/rep]\s way :ile be+ %od2 ,/4 ,eloi calmly cut (f ! animal's leg1 & fix$ ! %oe quietly 9 position1 & !n replac$ ! leg1 :i* grew into place aga9 imm$iately1 to ! p>donable a/oni%m5t ( all behold]s1 n to m5tion ! horse4 ,/4 ,eloi 0 also employ$ to co9 ! curr5cy ( ,dagob]t & ,clovis ,,ii41 & examples ( ^! co9s may n[ be se51 z au!ntic records ( ! /yle ( 8 "w4 ,a c5tury aft] 8 dea? ! mona/]ies :i* he _h f\nd$ 7 /ill 9 op]ation1 & ,*>lemagne's cr[n & sword are v possibly ! result ( ,/4 ,eloi's tea*+s to 8 foll[]s4 ,:ile ! mona/]ies und\bt$ly controll$ mo/ ( ! art education ( ! e>ly middle ages1 !re 7 also laym5 :o devot$ !mselves to ^! pursuits4 ,john de ,g>l&e1 a fam\s tea*] 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 wrote1 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 a ,diction>ius deal+ ) v>i\s arts4 ,9 ?is int]e/+ "w he describes1 ! trades ( ! money]s 7:o controll$ ! m9t71 ! co9+ ( gold & silv] into curr5cy 7= ! mak+ ( co9 9 ^? days 0 p]mitt$ by individuals71 ! clasp mak]s1 ! mak]s ( cups or hanaps1 jewell]s & h>ness mak]s1 & o!r artific]s4 ,john de ,g>l&e 0 ,engli%1 born ab\t ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & 0 educat$ 9 ,ox=d4 ,9 ! e>ly ?irte5? c5tury he became associat$ ) ! ,univ]sity1 & :5 ,simon de ,mont=t 0 sla9 9 #abah1 at ,t\l\se1 ,john 0 at ! ,univ]sity ( ,t\l\se1 :]e he 0 made ,s pr(essor1 & /ay$ ?ree ye>s1 return+ !n to ,p>is4 ,he di$ ab\t ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,he 0 celebrat$ *iefly = 8 ,diction>ius1 a "w on ! v>i\s arts & crafts ( ,france1 & = a poem ,de ,triumphis ,ecclesiae4 ,dur+ ! ,middle ,ages votive cr[ns 7 (t5 pres5t$ to *ur*es2 among ^! a few are specially fam\s4 ,! cr[ns1 /udd$ ) jewels1 7 susp5d$ be=e ! alt> by jewell$ *a9s1 & (t5 a sort ( fr+e ( jewell$ lett]s 0 hung f ! rim1 =m+ an inscription4 ,! votive cr[n ( ,k+ ,su9?ila1 9 ,madrid1 is among ! mo/ ornate ( ^!4 ,x is ! f9e/ specim5 9 ! not$ ,treasure ( ,gu]razz>1 :i* 0 discov]$ by peasants turn+ up ! soil ne> ,tol$o2 ! cr[ns1 ( :i* !re 7 _m1 date f ab\t ! sev5? c5tury1 & are sumptu\s ) preci\s /ones4 ,! workman%ip is n t ( a b>b>\s nation1 ?\gh x has ! fasc9at+ irregul>ities ( ! ,byzant9e /yle4 ,( ! delightful "w ( ! fif? & six? c5turies !re are sc>cely any examples 9 ,italy4 ,! s-call$ ,iron ,cr[n ( ,monza is "o ( ! few e>ly ,lomb>d treasures4 ,?is cr[n has )9 x a n>r[ b& ( iron1 said to be a nail ( ! ,true ,cross2 b ! cr[n1 z x meets ! eye1 is any?+ b iron1 be+ "o ( ! mo/ sup]b specim5s ( jewell$ gold5 workman%ip1 z f9e z ^? 9 ! ,treasure ( ,gu]razz>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,treasure ,,( ,,gu]razz>4 ,! cr[n ( ,k+ ,alfr$ ! ,great is m5tion$ 9 an old inv5tory z be+ ( g\ld wire worke1 sett ) slight /ones1 & two little bells4 ,a diadem is describ$ by ,william ( ,malmsbury1 s preci\s ) jewels1 t ! spl5d\r444 ?rew sp>ks ( light s /rongly on ! behold]1 t ! m /eadfa/ly any p]son endeav\r$ to gaze1 s mu* ! m he 0 dazzl$1 & compell$ to av]t ! eyes6 ,9 #achb a circlet cr[n 0 pur*as$ = ,que5 ,anne ( ,bohemia1 be+ set ) a l>ge sapphire1 a balas1 & f\r l>ge pe>ls ) a diamond 9 ! c5tre4 ,! ,ca!dral at ,ami5s owns :at is suppos$ to be ! head ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 en%r9$ 9 a gilt cup ( silv]1 & ) b&s ( jewell$ "w4 ,! head is set ^u a platt] ( gild$ & jewell$ silv]1 cov]$ ) a disc ( rock cry/al4 ,! :ole1 ?\gh anci5t1 is enclos$ 9 a mod]n %r9e4 ,! leg5d ( ! pres]vation ( ! ,bapti/'s head is t ,h]odias1 afraid t ! sa9t might be miracul\sly re/or$ to life if 8 head & body 7 laid 9 ! same grave1 decid$ to hide ! head until ?is dang] 0 pa/4 ,furtively1 %e conceal$ ! relic = a "t1 & !n x 0 buri$ 9 ,h]od's palace4 ,x 0 !re opportunely discov]$ by "s monks 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,?is inv5tion ( ! head 7! ^w be+ int]pret$ accord+ to ! cr$ulity ( ! read]7 result$ 9 its removal to ,emesa1 :]e x 0 exhibit$ 9 #dec4 ,9 #gec ,m>cellus1 ! ,abbot ( ,emesa1 _h a vision by means ( :i* he re-discov]$ 7or re-inv5t$7 ! head1 :i* _h 9 "s way be5 lo/ sight (4 ,foll[+ ! guidance ( 8 dream1 he repair$ to a grotto1 & proce$$ to exhume ! long-suff]+ relic4 ,aft] _m o!r simil> & r disconnect$ episodes1 x f9ally came into possession ( ! ,bi%op ( ,ami5s 9 #abjf4 ,a great calamity 9 e>ly times 0 ! loss ( all ! valuables ( ,k+ ,john ( ,engl&4 ,betwe5 ,l9coln%ire & ,norfolk ! royal cortege 0 cross+ ! ,wa%3 ! jewels 7 all swept away4 ,cr[n & all 7 ?us lo/1 9 #abaf4 ,sev]al cr[ns h be5 ?r\gh vicissitudes4 ,:5 ,ri*>d ,,iii4 di$1 on ,boswor? ,field1 8 cr[n 0 secur$ by a soldi] & hidd5 9 a bu%4 ,sir ,reg9ald de ,bray discov]$ x1 & re/or$ x to its rightful place4 ,b to balance su* cases sev]al ( ! que5s h br\ght to ! national treasury _! own cr[ns4 ,9 #acdj ,edw>d ,,iii4 pawn$ ev5 ! que5's jewels to raise money = fight+ ,france4 ,! same inv5tory makes m5tion ( c]ta9 treasures deposit$ at ,we/m9/]3 ! values are atta*$ to ea* ( ^!1 cr[ns1 plates1 bracelets1 & s =?4 ,also1 ) comm5dable zeal1 a li/ 0 kept ( o!r articles /or$ 9 an iron *e/1 among :i* are ! items1 "o liv] col\r$ silk robe1 v old1 & wor? no?+1 & an old combe ( horne1 wor? no?+4 ,a frivol\s sc5e is describ$ by ,wood1 :5 ! notori\s ,republican1 ,m>t51 _h access to ! treasure /or$ 9 ,we/m9/]4 ,"s ( ! wits ( ! p]iod assembl$ 9 ! treasury1 & took out ( ! iron *e/ sev]al ( its jewels1 a cr[n1 sceptre1 & robes2 ^! !y put ^u ! m]ry poet1 ,george ,)]s1 :o1 be+ ?us cr[n$ & royally array$1 fir/ m>*$ ab\t ! room ) a /ately gait1 & aft]w>ds1 ) a ?\s& ridicul\s & api% actions1 expos$ ! sacr$ ornam5ts to contempt & laught]4 ,no d\bt ! olde comb play$ a suitable "p 9 ^! pranks1--p]haps x may ev5 h s]v$ z or*e/ra4 ,"o ,sir ,h5ry ,mildmay1 9 #afdi1 0 responsible = dreadful v&alism1 "u ! ,puritan regime4 ,among o!r acts :i* he c\nt5anc$ 0 ! de/ruction & sale ( ! wond]ful ,cr[n ( ,k+ ,alfr$1 to :i* allusion has j be5 made4 ,9 ! ,w ( ! ,e>l ( ,pembroke1 9 #afej1 is ?is clause %[+ h[ unpopul> ,sir ,h5ry _h become3 ,because ,i ?reat5$ ,sir ,h5ry ,mildmay1 b did n beat him1 ,i give ,l#ej to ! footman :o cudgell$ him4 ,item1 my w is t ! said ,sir ,h>ry %all n m$dle ) my jewels4 ,i knew him444 :5 he h&l$ ! ,cr[n jewels1444 = :i* reason ,i n[ "n him ! ,knave ( ,diamonds4 ,jewell$ arms & trapp+s became v ri* 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,pius ,,ii4 writes ( ! ,g]man arm\r3 ,:at %all ,i say ( ! neck *a9s ( ! m51 & ! bridles ( ! horses1 :i* are made ( ! pure/ gold2 & ( ! spe>s & scabb>ds :i* are cov]$ ) jewels8 ,spurs 7 also set ) jewels1 & (t5 damasc5$ ) gold1 & ornam5t$ ) appropriate mottoes4 ,an inv5tory ( ! jewell$ cups & reliqu>ies ( ,que5 ,jeanne ( ,nav>re1 ab\t #aegj1 reads l a museum4 ,%e _h v>i\s gold & jewell$ di%es = banquets2 "o jewel is describ$ z ,item1 a demoiselle ( gold1 repres5t$ z rid+ ^u a horse1 ( "m ( pe>l1 /&+ ^u a plat=m ( gold1 enri*$ ) t5 rubies1 six turquoises & ?ree f9e pe>ls4 ,ano!r item is1 ,a f9e rock cry/al set 9 gold1 enri*$ ) ?ree rubies1 ?ree em]alds1 & a l>ge sapphire1 set transp>5tly1 ! :ole susp5d$ f a small gold *a94 ,x is "t n[ to speak ( ! actual preci\s /ones !mselves1 :i* ap>t f _! v>i\s sett+s are1 aft] all1 ! real jewels4 ,accord+ to ,cell9i !re are only f\r preci\s /ones3 he says !y are made by ! f\r elem5ts1 ruby by fire1 sapphire by air1 em]ald by e>?1 & diamond by wat]4 ,x irritat$ him to h any "o claim o!rs z preci\s /ones4 ,i h a ?+ or two to say1 he rem>ks1 9 ord] n to sc&alize a c]ta9 class ( m5 :o call !mselves jewell]s1 b may be bett] lik5$ to huck/]s1 or l95 drap]s1 pawn brok]s1 or groc]s444 ) a maximum ( cr$it & a m9imum ( bra9s444 ^! dund]heads444 wag _! arrogant tongues at me & cry1 ',h[ ab\t ! *rysophrase1 or ! jacyn?1 h[ ab\t ! aqua m>9e1 nay m1 h[ ab\t ! g>net1 ! v]meil1 ! crysolite1 ! plasura1 ! ame?y/8 ,a9't ^! all /ones & all diff]5t8' ,yes1 & :y ! devil don't y add pe>ls1 too1 among ! jewels1 a9't !y fi% bones8 ,?us he classes ! /ones toge!r1 add+ t ! balas1 ?\gh light 9 col\r1 is a ruby1 & ! topaz a sapphire4 ,x is ( ! same h>dness1 & ?\gh ( a diff]5t col\r1 mu/ be classifi$ ) ! sapphire3 :at bett] classification d y want8 hasn't ! air got its sun8 ,cell9i always set ! col\r$ /ones 9 a bezel or clos$ box ( gold1 ) a foil beh9d !m4 ,he tells an amus+ /ory ( a ruby :i* he once set on a bit ( fray$ silk in/ead ( on ! cu/om>y foil4 ,! result happ5$ to be mo/ brilliant4 ,! jewell]s ask$ him :at k9d ( foil he _h us$1 & he repli$ t he _h employ$ no foil4 ,!n !y exclaim$ t he mu/ h t9t$ x1 :i* 0 aga9/ all laws ( jewelry4 ,aga9 ,b5v5uto swore t he _h nei!r us$ foil1 nor _h he done any?+ =bidd5 or unpr(essional to ! /one4 ,at ?is ! jewell] got a little na/y1 & us$ /rong language1 says ,cell9i4 ,!y !n (f]$ to pay well = ! in=mation if ,cell9i w\ld in=m !m by :at means he _h obta9$ s rem>kably a lu/re4 ,b5v5uto1 express+ himself indiff]5t to pay1 b mu* hon\r$ 9 ?us be+ able to tea* 8 tea*]s1 op5$ ! sett+ & display$ 8 secret1 & all p>t$ excell5t fri5ds4 ,ev5 s e>ly z ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! jewell]s ( ,p>is _h become notori\s = produc+ artificial jewels4 ,among _! laws 0 "o :i* /ipulat$ t ! jewell] 0 n to dye ! ame?y/1 or o!r false /ones1 nor m\nt !m 9 gold leaf nor o!r col\r1 nor mix !m ) rubies1 em]alds1 or o!r preci\s /ones1 except z a cry/al simply )\t m\nt+ or dye+4 ,"o day ,cell9i _h f\nd a ruby :i* he believ$ to be set di%one/ly1 t is1 a v pale /one ) a ?ick coat+ ( dragon's blood sme>$ on its back4 ,:5 he took x to "s ( 8 fav\rite dund]heads1 !y 7 sure t he 0 mi/ak51 say+ t x _h be5 set by a not$ jewell]1 & c\ld n be an imposition4 ,s ,b5v5uto imm$iately remov$ ! /one f its sett+1 !reby expos+ ! fraud4 ,!n might t ruby h be5 lik5$ to ! cr[ :i* trick$ itself out 9 ! fea!rs ( ! peacock1 obs]ves ,cell9i1 add+ t he advis$ ^! old fossils 9 ! art to provide !mselves ) bett] eyes ?an !y !n wore4 ,i c\ld n resi/ say+ ?is1 *uckles ,b5v5uto1 because all ?ree ( !m wore great gig-lamps on _! noses2 :]eupon !y all ?ree gasp$ at ea* o!r1 %rugg$ _! %\ld]s1 & ) ,god's bless+1 made (f4 ,cell9i tells ( a ,milanese jewell] :o concoct$ a great em]ald1 by apply+ a v ?9 lay] ( ! real /one ^u a l>ge bit ( gre5 glass3 he says t ! ,k+ ( ,engl& b\ght x1 & t ! fraud 0 n discov]$ = _m ye>s4 ,a commission 0 once giv5 ,cell9i to make a magnific5t crucifix = a gift f ! ,pope to ,emp]or ,*>les ,v41 b1 z he expresses x1 ,i 0 h9d]$ f f9i%+ x by c]ta9 bea/s :o _h ! vantage ( ! ,pope's e>1 b :5 ^! evil :isp]]s _h s gammon$ ! ,pope1 t he 0 dissuad$ f ! crucifix1 ! ,pope ord]$ ,cell9i to make a magnific5t ,brevi>y in/ead1 s t ! job /ill rema9$ 9 8 h&s4 ,giovanni ,pisano made "s translucid enamels = ! decorations ( ! high alt> 9 ,flor5ce1 & also a jewell$ clasp to embelli% ! robe ( a /atue ( ! ,virg94 ,ghib]ti 0 n above turn+ 8 att5tion to goldsmi?+1 & 9 #adbh made a seal = ,giovanni de ,m$ici1 a cope-button & mitre = ,pope ,m>t9 ,v41 & a gold nutre ) preci\s /ones weigh+ five & a half p\nds1 = ,pope ,eug5e ,,iv4 ,diamonds 7 orig9ally cut two at a "t1 "o cutt+ ! o!r1 :5ce has sprung ! adage1 diamond cut diamond4 ,cutt+ 9 facets 0 ?us ! natural treatm5t ( ?is gem4 ,! practise orig9at$ 9 ,india4 ,two diamonds rubb+ aga9/ ea* o!r sy/ematically w 9 "t =m a facet on ea*4 ,9 #adge x 0 discov]$ by ,l\is de ,b]ghem t diamonds c\ld be cut by _! own du/4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact 9 connection ) ! ,koh9oor t 9 ,india !re _h always be5 a leg5d t its own] %\ld be ! rul] ( ,india4 ,probably ! anci5t ,h9doos among :om ?is leg5d develop$ w\ld be a/oni%$ to "k t1 al?\gh ! great /one is n[ ! prop]ty ( ! ,engli%1 ! tradition is /ill unbrok56 ,m>co ,polo alludes to ! treasures br\ght f ! ,isle ( ,ormus1 z spices1 pe>ls1 preci\s /ones1 clo? ( gold & silv]1 elephant's tee?1 & all o!r preci\s ?+s f ,india4 ,9 ,balaxiam he says are f\nd ballasses & o!r preci\s /ones ( great value4 ,no man1 on pa9 ( dea?1 d>e ei!r dig su* /ones or c>ry !m out ( ! c\ntry1 = all ^? /ones are ! ,k+'s4 ,o!r m\nta9s also 9 ?is prov9ce yield /ones call$ lapis lazuli1 :]e( ! be/ azure is made4 ,! l is n f\nd 9 ! _w4 ,^! m9es also yield silv]1 brass1 & lead4 ,he speaks ( ! natives z we>+ gold & silv] e>r+s1 ) pe>ls &-o!r /ones artificially wr\ght 9 !m4 ,9 a c]ta9 riv]1 too1 are f\nd jasp] & *alc$ons4 ,m>co ,polo's acc\nt ( h[ diamonds are obta9$ is +5u\s 9 its reckless defiance ( fact4 ,he says t 9 ! m\nta9s !re are c]ta9 great deep valleys to ! bottom ( :i* !re is no access4 ,:]e=e ! m5 :o g 9 se>* ( ! diamonds take ) !m pieces ( meat1 :i* !y ?r[ into ?is deep valley4 ,he relates t ! eagles1 :5 !y see ^! pieces ( meat1 fly d[n & get !m1 & :5 !y return1 !y settle on ! high] rocks1 :5 ! m5 raise a %\t1 & drive !m (f4 ,aft] ! eagles h ?us be5 driv5 away1 ! m5 recov] ! pieces ( meat1 & f9d !m full ( diamonds1 :i* h /uck to !m4 ,= ! abundance ( diamonds d[n 9 ! dep?s1 cont9ues ,m>co ,polo1 naively is a/oni%+2 b nobody c get d[n1 & if "o c\ld1 x w\ld be only to be incont95tly dev\r$ by ! s]p5ts :i* are s rife !re4 ,a fur!r acc\nt proce$s ?us3 ,! diamonds are s scatt]$ & disp]s$ 9 ! e>?1 & lie s ?91 t 9 ! mo/ pl5tiful m9es x is r>e to f9d "o 9 digg+2444 !y are frequ5tly enclos$ 9 clods1444 "s444 h ! e>? s fix$ ab\t !m t till !y gr9d !m on a r\gh /one ) s&1 !y _c move x suffici5tly to discov] !y are transp>5t or444 to "k !m f o!r /ones4 ,at ! fir/ op5+ ( ! m9e1 ! unskilful lab\r]s sometimes1 to try :at !y h f\nd1 lay !m on a great /one1 &1 /rik+ !m "o ) ano!r1 to _! co/ly exp]i5ce1 discov] t !y h brok5 a diamond4444 ,!y fill a ci/]n ) wat]1 soak+ !re9 z mu* ( ! e>? !y dig out ( ! m9e z x c hold at "o "t1 break+ ! clods1 pick+ out ! great /ones1 & /irr+ x ) %ovels444 !n !y op5 a v5t1 lett+ out ! f\l wat]1 & supply x ) clean1 till ! e>?y sub/ance be all wa%$ away1 & only ! gravelly "o rema9s at ! bottom4 ,a process ( sift+ & dry+ is !n describ$1 & ! gravel is all spread out to be exam9$1 !y nev] exam9e ! /uff !y h wa%$ b betwe5 ! h\rs ( t5 & ?ree1 le/ any cl\d1 by int]pos+1 int]cept ! brisk beams ( ! sun1 :i* !y hold v necess>y to assi/ !m 9 _! se>*1 ! diamonds con/antly reflect+ !m :5 !y %9e on !m1 r5d]+ !mselves !reby ! m conspicu\s4 ,! e>lie/ diamond-cutt] is frequ5tly m5tion$ z ,l\is de ,b]quem de ,bruges1 9 #adgf4 ,b ,laborde f9ds e>li] records ( ! art ( cutt+ ?is gem3 !re 0 9 ,p>is a diamond-cutt] nam$ ,h]man1 9 #adjg4 ,! diamond cutt]s ( ,p>is 7 q num]\s 9 t ye>1 & liv$ 9 a special di/rict kn[n z la ,c\r>ie1 :]e reside ! work]s 9 diamonds & o!r /ones4 ,f+] r+s almo/ des]ve a hi/ory to !mselves1 = _! =ms & /yles are legion4 ,r+s 7 (t5 made ( glass 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,!ophilus tells 9 a graphic & int]e/+ mann] h[ !y 7 con/ruct$4 ,he recomm5ds ! use ( a b> ( iron1 z ?ick z "o's f+]1 set 9 a wood5 h&le1 z a lance is jo9$ 9 its pike4 ,!re %\ld also be a l>ge piece ( wood1 at ! work]'s "r h&1 ! ?ickness ( an arm1 dug into ! gr\nd1 & rea*+ to ! top ( ! w9d[4 ,on ! left ( ! furnace a little clay tr5* is to be provid$4 ,!n1 ! glass be+ cook$1 "o is admoni%$ to take ! little iron 9 ! wood5 h&le1 dip x into ! molt5 glass1 & pick up a small portion1 & prick x into ! wood1 t ! glass may be pi]c$ ?r\gh1 & in/antly w>m x 9 ! flame1 & /rike x twice ^u ! wood1 t ! glass may be dilat$1 & ) quickness revolve y\r h& ) ! same iron2 :5 ! r+ is ?us =m$1 x is to be quickly ?r[n into ! tr5*4 ,!ophilus adds1 ,if y wi% to v>y y\r r+s ) o!r col\rs444 take444 glass ( ano!r col\r1 surr\nd+ ! glass ( ! r+ ) x 9 ! mann] ( a ?read444 y c also place ^u ! r+ glass ( ano!r k9d1 z a gem1 & w>m x 9 ! fire t x may adh]e4 ,"o c almo/ see ^! r+s f ?is accurate description ( _! manufacture4 ,! old ,coronation ,r+1 ! w$d+ r+ ( ,engl&1 0 a gold r+ ) a s+le f9e balas ruby2 ! pi\s tradition _h x t ?is r+ 0 giv5 to ,edw>d ! ,confessor by a begg>1 :o 0 really ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ 9 masqu]ade6 ,! palace :]e ?is unique ev5t occurr$ 0 !reupon nam$ ,h-r+-at-,b[]4 ,! ,/u>t k+s all wore ?is r+ & until x came to ,george ,,iv41 ) o!r ,/u>t beque/s1 x nev] left ! royal ,/u>t l9e4 ,edw>d ,i4 own$ a sapphire r+ made by ,/4 ,dun/an4 ,dun/an 0 an indu/ri\s art _s1 be+ report$ by ,william ( ,malmsbury z tak+ great delight 9 music1 pa9t+1 & engrav+4 ,9 ! ,ancr5 ,riwle1 a book ( directions = ! cloi/]$ life ( wom51 nuns are =bidd5 to we> ne r+ ne broo*e1 & to d5y !mselves o!r p]sonal adornm5ts4 ,ar*bi%ops seem to h possess$ num]\s r+s 9 anci5t times4 ,9 ! romance ( ,sir ,degrevant a c\plet alludes to3 ,ar*bi%ops ) r+s ,m ?an fifte54 ,episcopal r+s 7 orig9ally made ( sapphires1 said to be typical ( ! cold au/]ity ( ! life ( ! we>]4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 ! c>buncle became a fav\rite1 :i* 0 suppos$ to sugge/ fi]y zeal = ! fai?4 ,p]haps ! compromise ( ! cu/om>y ame?y/1 :i* is n[ mo/ popul>ly us$1 = ,episcopal r+s1 be+ a comb9ation ( ! blue & ! r$1 may typify a bl5d+ ( m human qualities6 ,illu/ration3 ,,hebrew ,,r+ ,9 an old w ( #aebi1 a r+ 0 left z a beque/ to a relative1 describ$ z a table diamond set ) black aniell1 meate = my little f+]4 ,! accompany+ illu/ration repres5ts a ,hebrew r+1 surm\nt$ by a little mosque1 & hav+ ! inscription ,mazul ,t\b 7,god be ) y1 or ,good luck to y74 ,x 0 ! cu/om 9 ,elizabe?an times to we> posie r+s 7or poesie r+s7 9 :i* inscriptions 7 cut1 su* z1 ,let lik+e ,la/e1 ,rememb] ! 8 t is 9 pa91 or1 ,god saw fit ?is knot to knit1 & ! l4 ,^! posie r+s are s call$ because ( ! little poetical s5tim5ts associat$ ) !m4 ,!y 7 (t5 us$ z engagem5t r+s1 & sometimes z w$d+ r+s4 ,9 an old ,saxon r+ is ! inscription1 ,eanr$ made me & ,e?r$ owns me4 ,"o ( ! mottoes 9 an old r+ is pa!tic2 evid5tly x 0 worn by an invalid1 :o 0 try+ to be pati5t1 ,quant ,dieu ,pl]a melior s]a4 7,:5 x %all please ,god1 ,i %all be bett]47 ,& 9 a small r+ set ) a t9y diamond1 ,?is sp>ke %all gr[4 ,an agreeable & fav\rite posie 0 ,! love is true ,t ,i ,o ,u4 ,a motto 9 a r+ own$ by ,lady ,ca?c>t 0 inscrib$ on ! occasion ( h] f\r? m>riage2 ) laudable ambition1 %e obs]ves1 ,if ,i survive1 ,i w h five4 ,x is to ^! posie r+s t ,%akespe>e has ref]5ce :5 he makes ,jaques say to ,orl&o3 ,y are full ( pretty answ]s3 h y n be5 acqua9t$ ) goldsmi?s' wives1 & conn$ !m out ( r+s8 ,9 ! ,isle ( ,man !re 0 once a law t any girl :o _h be5 wrong$ by a man _h ! "r to r$ress h]self 9 "o ( ?ree ways3 %e 0 giv5 a sword1 a rope & a r+1 & %e c\ld decide :e!r %e w\ld behead him1 hang him1 or m>ry him4 ,tradition /ates t ! r+ 0 almo/ inv>iably ! weapon *os5 by ! lady4 ,sup]/ition has orda9$ t c]ta9 /ones %\ld cure c]ta9 evils3 ! blood-/one 0 ( v g5]al efficacy1 x 0 claim$1 & ! opal1 :5 fold$ 9 a bay leaf1 _h ! p[] ( r5d]+ ! own] invisible4 ,"s /ones1 especially ! turquoise1 turn$ pale or became deep] 9 hue accord+ to ! /ate ( ! own]'s heal?2 ! own] ( a diamond 0 inv9cible2 ! possession ( an agate made a man amiable1 & eloqu5t4 ,:oev] wore an ame?y/ 0 pro( aga9/ intoxication1 :ile a jacyn? sup]9duc$ sleep 9 cases ( insomnia4 ,b$ l95 0 (t5 embroid]$1 & set ) bits ( jacyn?1 & !re is ev5 a record ( diamonds hav+ be5 us$ 9 ! decoration ( %eets6 ,ano!r ent]ta9+ in/ance ( cr$ulity 0 ! use ( cramp r+s4 ,^! 7 r+s bless$ by ! que51 & suppos$ to cure all mann] ( cramps1 j z ! k+'s t\* 0 suppos$ to cure scr(ula4 ,:5 a que5 di$1 ! dem& = ^! r+s became a panic3 no m c\ld be produc$1 until a new que5 0 cr[n$4 ,aft] ! behead+ ( ,anne ,boleyn1 ,husee writes to 8 patroness3 ,y\r lady%ip %all receive ( ?is be>] n9e cramp r+s ( silv]4 ,john ,williams says he nev] _h s few ( gold z ?is ye>6 ,a /one engrav$ ) ! figure ( a h>e 0 believ$ to be valuable 9 exorcis+ ! devil4 ,t ( a dog pres]v$ ! own] f dropsy or pe/il5ce2 a v]satile r+ inde$6 ,an old ,fr5* book speaks ( an engrav$ /one ) ! image ( ,pegasus be+ p>ticul>ly heal?ful = w>riors2 x 0 said to give !m boldness & swiftness 9 flight4 ,^! two virtues s\nd a trifle incompatible6 ,! turquoise 0 suppos$ to be especially sympa!tic4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,donne3 ,a compassionate turquoise1 t clo? tell ,by look+ pale1 ! own] is n well1 mu/ h be5 a v s5sitive /one4 ,!re 0 a physician 9 ! f\r? c5tury :o 0 fam\s = 8 cures ( colic & bili\sness by means ( an iron r+ engrav$ ) an exorcism reque/+ ! bile to g & take possession ( a bird6 ,!re 0 also a sup]/ition t fits c\ld be cur$ by a r+ made ( sacram5t money4 ,! suff]] 0 oblig$ to /& at ! *ur* door1 begg+ a p5ny f e unm>ri$ man :o pass$ 9 or out2 ?is 0 giv5 to a silv]smi?1 :o ex*ang$ x at ! ca!dral = sacram5t money1 out ( :i* he made a r+4 ,if ?is r+ 0 worn by ! afflict$ p]son1 ! seizures 7 said to cease4 ,! sup]/ition conc]n+ ! jewel 9 ! toad's head 0 a /rangely p]si/5t "o3 x is difficult to imag9e :at real f\ndation !re c\ld ev] h be5 = ! idea4 ,an old writ] gives directions = gett+ ?is /one1 :i* ! toad 9 8 life "t seems to h gu>d$ mo/ c>efully4 ,a r>e good way to get ! /one out ( a toad1 he says1 is to put a444 toad444 into an e>!n pot3 put ! same into an ant's hillocke1 & cov] ! same ) e>?1 :i* toad444 ! ants w eat1 s t ! bones444 & /one w be left 9 ! pot4 ,boe?ius once /ay$ up all night wat*+ a toad 9 ! hope t x might rel9qui% its treasure2 b he compla9$ t no?+ result$ to gratify ! great pangs ( 8 :ole night's re/lessness4 ,an old ,iri% leg5d says t ! /one ,adamant 9 ! l& ( ,india gr[s no cold] 9 any w9d or sn[ or ice2 !re is no heat 9 x "u burn+ sods 7?is is su* an ,hib]nian t\*6 ,! peat fuel 0 ! ,celtic idea ( a heat+ sy/em71 no?+ is brok5 f x by /rik+ ( axes & hamm]s2 !re is "o ?+ only breaks t /one1 ! blood ( ! ,lamb at ! ,mass2 & e k+ t has tak5 t /one 9 8 "r h& be=e go+ into battle1 has always ga9$ ! victory4 ,!re is also a sup]/ition reg>d+ ! /one ,hibi51 :i* is said to flame l a fi]y c&le 9 ! d>kness1 x spills out poison be=e x 9 a vessel2 e snake t comes ne> to x or crosses x dies on ! mom5t4 ,ano!r /one rev]$ 9 ,iri% leg5d is ! ,/one ( ,i/i51 :i* is f\nd 9 ! bra9s ( dragons aft] _! dea?s1 & a /ill m capable jewel seems to be ! ,/one ( ,fanes1 )9 :i* x is claim$ t ! sun1 moon1 & twelve />s are to be se54 ,9 ! he>ts ( ! dragons x is always f\nd t make _! j\rney "u ! sea4 ,no "o hav+ x 9 8 h& c tell any lie until he has put x f him2 no race or army c\ld br+ x into a h\se :]e !re is "o t has made way ) 8 fa!r4 ,at ! h\r ( mat9s x gives out sweet music t !re is n ! l ( "u heav54 ,b>?olomew1 ! m$iaeval sci5ti/1 tells n>ratives ( ! magical action ( ! sapphire4 ,! sapphire is a preci\s /one1 he says1 & is blue 9 col\r1 mo/ l to heav5 9 fair wea!r & cle>1 & is be/ among preci\s /ones1 & mo/ apt & able to f+]s ( k+s4 ,& if ?\ put an add]cop 9 a box1 & hold a v sapphire ( ,india at ! m\? ( ! box any :ile1 by virtue !re( ! add]cop is ov]come & die?1 z x 7 sudd5ly4 ,& ?is same ,i h se5 prov$ (t 9 _m & div]s places4 ,possibly ! fact t ! add]cop is s infrequ5t an invad] ( our mod]n life acc\nts = ! fact t we are left in]t ^u read+ s surpris+ a /atem5t2 or possibly our incr$ulity dom9ates our awe4 ,! art ( ! lapid>y1 or sci5ce ( glyptics1 is a mo/ int]e/+ /udy1 & x w\ld be a mi/ake n to consid] x = a few mom5ts on its te*nical side4 ,x is v anci5t z an art4 ,9 ,ecclesia/icus ! wise ,son ( ,sira* alludes to craftsm5 t cut & grave seals1 & are dilig5t to make great v>iety1 & give !mselves to c\nt]feit imag]y1 & wat* to f9i% a "w4 ,!ophilus on glyptics is too delightfully naive = u to resi/ quot+ 8 rem>ks4 ,cry/al1 he ann\nces1 :i* is wat] h>d5$ into ice1 & ! ice ( great age h>d5$ into /one1 is trimm$ & poli%$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,he !n directs ! use ( s&/one & em]y1 *iefly us$ by rubb+1 z "o might inf]1 to poli% ! /ones1 probably en cabo*on z 0 ! me?od 9 8 "t2 ?is /yle ( f9i% on a gem 0 call$ tall[ cutt+4 ,b :5 "o wi%es to sculp cry/al1 ,!ophilus in=ms "o3 ,take a goat ( two or ?ree ye>s444 make an op5+ betwe5 8 brea/ & /oma*1 9 ! position ( ! he>t1 & lay 9 ! cry/al1 s t x may lie 9 its blood until x gr[ w>m444 cut :at y please 9 x z long z ! heat la/s4 ,j h[ _m goats 7 requir$ to ! f9i%+ ( a sculptur$ cry/al w\ld be det]m9$ by ! elaboration ( ! design6 ,un=tunately ,animal ,rescue ,leagues _h n invad$ ! mona/]ies ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,9 sculptur+ glass1 ! +5u\s ,!ophilus is q at 8 be/4 ,arti/s6 he exclaims1 :o wi% to engrave glass 9 a beautiful mann]1 ,i n[ c tea* y1 z ,i h myself made trial4 ,i h s\ght ! gross worms :i* ! pl\gh turns up 9 ! gr\nd1 & ! art necess>y 9 ^! ?+s also bid me procure v9eg>1 & ! w>m blood ( a lu/y goat1 :i* ,i 0 c>eful to place "u ! ro( = a %ort "t1 b\nd ) a /rong ivy plant4 ,aft] ?is ,i infus$ ! worms & v9eg> ) ! w>m blood & ,i ano9t$ ! :ole cle>ly %9+ vessel2 :i* be+ done1 ,i essay$ to sculp ! glass ) ! h>d /one call$ ! ,pyrites4 ,:at a pity good ,!ophilus _h n begun ) ! pyrites1 :5 he w\ld probably h made ! fur!r discov]y t 8 worms & goats c\ld h be5 sp>$4 ,9 ! poli%+ ( preci\s /ones1 he is q sane 9 8 directions4 ,procure a m>ble slab1 v smoo?1 he enjo9s1 & act z useful art po9ts out to y4 ,9 o!r words1 rub x until x is smoo?6 ,b>?olomew ,anglicus is z ent]ta9+ z ,!ophilus reg>d+ cry/al4 ,m5 tr[e t x is ( sn[ or ice made h>d 9 _m ye>s1 he obs]ves complac5tly4 ,?is /one set 9 ! sun take? fire1 insomu* if dry t[ be put !reto1 x sette? ! t[ on fire1 & aga91 quot+ ,gregory on ,ezekiel ,i41 he adds1 wat] is ( itself fleet+1 b by /r5g? ( cold x is turn$ & made /$fa/ cry/al4 ,( small specim5s ( sculptur$ cry/al "s little d>k purple beads c>v$ into ! semblance ( human faces may be se5 on ! ,t>a broo*2 :ile also on ! same broo* occur little purple daisies4 ,! ,cup ( ! ,ptolemies1 a celebrat$ onyx cup 9 ,p>is1 is ov] fifte5 in*es 9 circumf]5ce1 & is a f9e specim5 ( e>ly lapid>y's "w4 ,x 0 pres5t$ 9 ! n9? c5tury by ,*>les ! ,bald to ,/4 ,d5is1 & 0 always us$ to conta9 ! consecrat$ w9e :5 ,que5s ( ,france 7 cr[n$4 ,h5ry ,,ii4 once pawn$ x to a ,jew :5 he 0 h>d up1 & 9 #ahjd x 0 /ol5 & ! old gold & jewell$ sett+ remov$4 ,x 0 f\nd aga9 9 ,holl&1 & 0 rem\nt$ )9 a c5tury4 ,9 ! ,treasury ( ,/4 ,m>k's 9 ,v5ice are _m valuable examples ( c>v$ /ones1 made into cups1 flagons1 & ! l4 ,^! 7 br\ght f ,con/ant9ople 9 #abjd1 :5 ! city 0 captur$ by ! ,v5etians4 ,con/ant9ople 0 ! only place :]e glyptics 7 und]/ood & practis$ ^u l>ge h>d /ones 9 ! e>ly ,middle ,ages4 ,! ,greek arti/s :o took refuge 9 ,italy at t "t br\ght ! art ) !m4 ,!re are ?irty-two ( ^! ,byzant9e *alices 9 ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,usually ! m\nt+s are ( gold1 & preci\s /ones4 ,!re are also two beautiful cruets ( agate1 elaborately ornam5t$1 b c>v$ 9 curi\s curv+ =ms requir+ skill ( a sup]ior ord]4 ,two o!r rock cry/al cruets are sup]bly c>v$1 probably by ,ori5tal workm51 h[ev]1 z !y are n ,byzant9e 9 _! decorations4 ,"o ( !m 0 orig9ally a vase1 &1 inde$1 is /ill1 = ! long gold neck has no connection ) ! inside2 ! h&le is also ( gold1 bo? ^! adjuncts seem to h be5 reg>d$ z simply ornam5t4 ,! o!r cruet is c>v$ elaborately ) leop>ds1 ! fir/ & tall] "o %[+ mon/]s & foliate =ms4 ,ar\nd ! neck ( ! l[] ( ^! rock cry/al cruets is an inscription1 pray+ = ,god's bless+ on ! ,imam ,aziz ,billah1 :o 0 reign+ 9 ,egypt 9 #ihj4 ,?is cruet has a gold /&4 ,! h&le is clev]ly cut 9 ! same piece ( cry/al1 b a b& ( gold is c>ri$ d[n x to give x extra /r5g?4 ,! =m+ ( ?is h&le 9 connection ) ! re/ ( ! "w is a v]itable t\r de =ce1 & we %\ld h grave d\bts :e!r ,!ophilus ) 8 goats c\ld h manag$ x6 ,illu/ration3 ,,cry/al ,,flagons1 ,,/4 ,,m>k',s1 ,,v5ice ,vas>i speaks ) *>act]i/ic en?usiasm ( ! glyptics ( ! ,greeks1 ^: works 9 t mann] may be call$ div9e4 ,b1 z he cont9ues1 _m & v _m ye>s pass$ ov] dur+ :i* ! art 0 lo/4444 until 9 ! days ( ,lor5zo di ,m$ici ! fa%ion = cameos & intaglios reviv$4 ,9 ! ,guild ( ! ,ma/]s ( ,wood & ,/one 9 ,flor5ce1 ! cameo-cutt]s f\nd a place1 nev]!less x seems fitt+ to include !m at ?is po9t among jewell]s1 in/ead ( among c>v]s4 ,! ,italians c]ta9ly succe$$ 9 p]=m+ feats ( lapid>y art at a lat] p]iod4 ,vas>i m5tions two cups ord]$ by ,duke ,cosmo1 "o cut out ( a piece ( lapis lazuli1 & ! o!r f an enorm\s heliotrope1 & a cry/al galley ) gold rigg+ 0 made by ! ,sana*i bro!rs4 ,9 ! ,gre5 ,vaults 9 ,dresd5 may be se5 num]\s specim5s ( valuable b hide\s products ( ?is class4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! art _h run its c\rse1 & gave place to a ta/e = cameos1 :i* 9 its turn 0 run into ! gr\nd4 ,cameo-cutt+ & gem engrav+ has always be5 accompli%$ p>tly by means ( a drill2 ! deepe/ po9t to be rea*$ 9 ! cutt+ w\ld be punctur$ fir/1 & !n ! surfaces cut1 *ipp$1 & gr\nd away until ! desir$ level 0 atta9$4 ,?is is on mu* ! same pr9ciple z t adopt$ by m>ble cutt]s to-day4 ,mr4 ,cyril ,dav5port's def9ition ( a cameo is q satisfactory3 ,a small sculpture execut$ 9 l[ relief ^u "s sub/ance preci\s ei!r = its beauty1 r>ity1 or h>dness4 ,cameos are usually cut 9 onyx1 ! diff]5t lay]s & /ratifications ( col\r be+ cut away at diff]5t dep?s1 s t ! sculpture appe>s to be r5d]$ 9 "o col\r on ano!r1 & sometimes ?ree or f\r lay]s are recogniz$1 s t a %ad$ effect is obta9$4 ,c]ta9 pe>ly %ells are sometimes us$ = cameo cutt+2 ^! 7 popul> 9 ,italy 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,9 ,greece & ,rome ! art ( cameo cutt+ 0 br\ght to a/oni%+ p]fection1 ! s>donyx be+ frequ5tly us$1 & (t5 cut 9 five diff]5t col\r$ lay]s4 ,an enorm\s antique cameo1 measur+ ov] n9e in*es across1 may be se5 9 ,vi5na2 x repres5ts ! ,apo!osis ( ,augu/us1 & ! sc5e is cut 9 two r[s ( spirit$ figures4 ,x dates f ! fir/ c5tury ,a4 ,d4 ,x is 9 d>k br[n & :ite4 ,among ! treasures ( ! art-lov+ ,h5ry ,,iii4 0 a great cameo1 9 a gold5 case2 x 0 wor? two hundr$ p\nds4 ,?is cameo 0 suppos$ to compete ) a celebrat$ "w at ,/e4 ,*apelle 9 ,p>is1 :i* _h be5 br\ght by ,emp]or ,baldw9 ,,ii4 f ,con/ant9ople4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s>donyx ,,cup1 #aa,,? ,,c5tury1 ,,v5ice ,9 ,p>is 0 a fl\ri%+ guild1 ! ,lapid>ies1 ,jewel ,cutt]s1 & ,engrav]s ( ,cameos & ,h>d ,/ones1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury2 glass cutt]s 7 includ$ 9 ?is body = a "t1 b aft] #aehd ! revis$ laws did n p]mit ( any imitative "w1 s glass cutt]s 7 no long] all[$ to jo9 ! society4 ,! ,fr5* "w 0 r co>se comp>$ ) ! classic examples4 ,! celebrat$ ,portl& ,vase is a glass cameo1 ( enorm\s proportions1 & a "w ( ! fir/ c5tury1 9 blue & :ite4 ,!re is a qua9t leg5d connect$ ) ! fam\s /one cameo kn[n z ! ,vase ( ,/4 ,m>t91 :i* is z foll[s3 :5 ,/4 ,m>t9 visit$ ! ,m>tyr's ,field at ,agaune1 he pray$ = "s "t1 & !n /uck 8 knife into ! gr\nd1 & 0 excusably a/oni%$ at see+ blood fl[ =?4 ,recogniz+ at once t he 0 9 ! pres5ce ( ! miracul\s 7:i* 0 almo/ second nature to m$iaeval sa9ts71 he began s$ul\sly to collect ! preci\s fluid 9 a c\ple ( receptacles ) :i* he _h _h ! =esight to provide himself4 ,! two vases1 h[ev]1 7 soon fill$1 & yet ! my/ical ruby spr+ cont9u$4 ,at 8 wit's ends1 he pray$ aga9 = guidance1 & pres5tly an angel desc5d$1 ) a vase ( f9e cameo workman%ip1 9 :i* ! rema9d] ( ! sacr$ fluid 0 pres]v$4 ,?is vase is an onyx1 beautifully cut1 ) f9e figures1 & is ov] eight in*es high1 m\nt$ at foot & coll> ) ,byzant9e gold & jewell$ "w4 ,! subject appe>s to be an episode dur+ ! ,siege ( ,troy1--a :imsical selection ( design = an angel4 ,"s app>5tly m$iaeval cameos are 9 reality antiques recut ) ,*ri/ian *>act]s4 ,a ,h]cules c\ld easily be turn$ into a ,david1 :ile ,p]seus & ,m$usa c\ld be trans=m$ quickly into a ,david & ,golia?4 ,!re are two examples ( cameos ( ! ,virg9 :i* _h comm5c$ _! c>e]s1 "o z a ,l$a1 & ! o!r z ,v5us6 ,:ile a ,/4 ,john _h orig9ally figur$ z ,jupit] ) 8 eagle6 ,9 ! ,r5aissance !re 0 great revival ( all bran*es ( gem cutt+1 & cameos began to improve1 & to resemble once m _! classical ance/ors4 ,inde$1 _! resemblance 0 r academic1 & !re 0 little orig9ality 9 design4 ,l mo/ ( ! ,r5aissance arts1 x 0 a rev]sion in/ead ( a new creation4 ,te*nically1 h[ev]1 ! "w 0 a triumph4 ,! craftsm5 7 n satisfi$ until !y _h q outdone ! anci5ts1 & !y felt oblig$ to increase ! dep? ( ! cutt+1 9 ord] to %[ h[ clev]ly !y c\ld co]ce ! mat]ial2 !y ev5 "u-cut 9 "s cases4 ,dur+ ! ,m$icean p]iod ( ,italian art1 cameos 7 cut 9 mo/ fanta/ic =ms2 sometimes a negro head w\ld be introduc$ simply to exhibit a d>k /ratum 9 ! onyx1 & 0 q )\t beauty4 ,"o ( ! ,flor5t9e lapid>ies 0 kn[n z ,giovanni ( ! ,c>nelians1 & ano!r z ,dom5ico ( ! ,cameos4 ,?is latt] c>v$ a portrait ( ,ludovico il ,moro on a r$ balas ruby1 9 intaglio4 ,nicolo ,avanzi is report$ z hav+ c>v$ a lapis lazuli ?ree f+]s broad into ! sc5e ( ! ,nativity4 ,matteo dal ,nass>o1 a son ( a %oemak] 9 ,v]ona1 develop$ extraord9>y tal5t 9 gem cutt+4 ,an exotic production is a crucifix cut 9 a blood-/one by ,matteo del ,nass>o1 :]e ! arti/ has s utiliz$ ! possibilities ( ?is /one t he has made ! r$ pat*es to come 9 suitable places to portray drops ( blood4 ,matteo work$ also 9 ,p>is1 9 #aeca1 :]e he =m$ a s*ool & craft %op1 & :]e he 0 aft]w>ds made ,engrav] ( ! ,m9t4 ,vas>i tells ( an +5i\s piece ( "w by ,matteo1 :]e he has c>v$ a *alc$ony into a head ( ,dejanira1 ) ! sk9 ( ! lion ab\t x4 ,he says1 ,9 ! /one !re 0 a ve9 ( r$ col\r1 & "h ! arti/ has made ! sk9 turn ov]444 & he has repres5t$ ?is sk9 ) su* exactitude t ! spectator imag9es himself to behold x newly torn f ! animal6 ,( ano!r m>k he has avail$ himself1 = ! hair1 & ! :ite p>ts he has tak5 = ! face & brea/4 ,matteo 0 an indep5d5t _s3 :5 a b>on once tri$ to beat him d[n 9 8 price = a gem1 he refus$ to take a small sum = x1 b ask$ ! b>on to accept x z a gift4 ,:5 ?is (f] 0 refus$1 & ! nobleman insi/$ ^u giv+ a l[ price1 ,matteo delib]ately took 8 hamm] & %att]$ ! cameo into pieces at a s+le bl[4 ,8 mu/ h be5 an unhappy life4 ,vas>i says t he took a wife 9 ,france & became ! fa!r ( *ildr51 b !y 7 s entirely dissimil> to himself1 t he _h b little satisfaction f !m4 ,ano!r fam\s lapid>y 0 ,val]io ,vic5t9o1 :o c>v$ a set ( cry/als :i* 7 made into a casket = ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii41 :ile = ,paul ,,iii4 he made a c>v$ cry/al cross & *&eli]4 ,vas>i res]ves 8 highe/ comm5dation = ,casati1 call$ el ,greco1 by :om e o!r arti/ is surpass$ 9 ! grace & p]fection z well z 9 ! univ]sality ( 8 productions4444 ,nay1 ,mi*elangelo himself1 look+ at !m "o day :ile ,giovanni ,vas>i 0 pres5t1 rem>k$ t ! h\r = ! dea? ( ! art _h arriv$1 = x 0 n possible t bett] "w c\ld be se56 ,mi*elangelo prov$ a prophet1 9 ?is case surely1 = ! decad5ce foll[$ swiftly4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,enamel ,oh1 ?\ discreete/ ( read]s1 says ,b5v5uto ,cell9i1 m>vel n t ,i h giv5 s mu* "t to writ+ ab\t all ?is1 & we feel l mak+ ! same apology = devot+ a :ole *apt] to enamel2 b ?is bran* ( ! goldsmi?'s art has s _m subdivisions1 t x cries = space4 ,! ^w ,enamel is d]iv$ f v>i\s s\rces4 ,! ,greek language has contribut$ mal?a1 to melt2 ! ,g]man s*meltz1 ! old ,fr5* esmail1 & ! ,italian smalta1 all mean+ ab\t ! same ?+1 & sugge/+ ! "o quality :i* is insep>able f enamel ( all nations & ( all ages1--its fusibility4 ,= x is always employ$ 9 a fluid /ate1 & always mu/ be4 ,enamel is a type ( glass product r$uc$ to p[d]1 & !n melt$ by f]v5t heat into a liquid condition1 :i*1 :5 x has h>d5$1 returns to its vitre\s /ate4 ,enamel has be5 us$ f v e>ly times4 ,! fir/ allusion to x is by ,philo/ratus1 9 ! ye> #bjj ,a4 ,d41 :]e he describ$ ! process z appli$ to ! arm\r ( 8 day4 ,! b>b>ians ( ! regions ( ! ocean1 he writes1 are skill$ 9 fus+ col\rs on heat$ brass1 :i* become z h>d z /one1 & r5d] ! ornam5t ?us produc$ durable4 ,enamels h special *>act]i/ics 9 diff]5t p]iods3 9 ! late t5? c5tury1 ( ,byzantium & ,g]many2 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 ( ,italy2 :ile mo/ ( ! lat] "w owes its lead+ *>act]i/ics to ! ,fr5*1 al?\gh x cont9u$ to be produc$ 9 ! o!r c\ntries4 ,x helps "o to und]/& ! diff]5ces & simil>ities 9 enamell$ "w1 to obs]ve ! ?ree g5]al =ms 9 :i* x is employ$2 ^! are1 ! cloisonne1 ! *ampleve1 & ! pa9t$ enamel4 ,!re are _m subdivisions ( ^! classifications1 b = our purpose ^! ?ree w suffice4 ,9 cloisonne1 ! only mann] kn[n to ! ,greek1 ,anglo-,saxon1 & ,celtic craftsm51 ! patt]n is made ^u a gold gr\nd1 by little upright wire l9es1 l filigree1 ! enamel is fus$ into all ! little comp>tm5ts ?us =m$1 ea* bit be+ "o cle> col\r1 on ! pr9ciple ( a mosaic4 ,! col\rs 7 always r cle> & crude1 b are ! m s9c]e & decorative on ?is acc\nt1 ! work] recogniz+ frankly ! limitation ( ! mat]ial2 & ! gold outl9e h>monizes ! :ole1 z x does 9 any =m ( art "w4 ,a cloisonne enamel is practically a mosaic1 9 :i* ! sep>ations consi/ ( n>r[ b&s ( metal in/ead ( pla/]4 ,! enamel 0 appli$ 9 its p[d]$ /ate on ! gold1 & !n fus$ all toge!r 9 ! furnace4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,enamel1 #ac,,? ,,c5tury ,*ampleve enamel has some:at ! same effect z ! cloisonne1 b ! end is atta9$ by diff]5t means4 ,! outl9e is left 9 metal1 & ! :ole backgr\nd is cut away & sunk1 ?us mak+ ! holl[ *amb]s = ! vitre\s pa/e1 9 "o piece1 in/ead ( by means ( wires4 ,(t5 x is n easy to det]m9e :i* me?od has be5 employ$ to produce a giv5 "w4 ,pa9t$ enamels 7 n employ$ 9 ! e>lie/ times1 b came to p]fection 9 ! ,r5aissance4 ,a transluc5t enamel prevail$ especially 9 ,italy3 a l[ relief 0 made ) ! grav] on gold or silv]2 f9e rais$ l9es 7 left "h & !re1 to sep>ate ! col\rs4 ,!re=e1 :]e ! cutt+ 0 deepe/1 ! enamel ran ?ick]1 & consequ5tly d>k] 9 col\r1 giv+ ! effect ( %ad+1 :ile 9 reality only "o t9t _h be5 us$4 ,! p[d]$ & moi/5$ enamel 0 spread ev5ly ) a spatula ov] ! :ole surface1 & all[$ to /& 9 ! kiln until x liquefi$4 ,ano!r =m ( enamel 0 us$ to col\r gold "w 9 relief1 ) a p]man5t coat+ ( transp>5t col\r4 ,sometimes ?is col\r 0 appli$ 9 sev]al coats1 "o ^u ano!r1 & ! features pa9t$ ) a lat] t\*4 ,mu* enamell$ jewelry 0 made 9 ?is way1 figures1 dragons1 & animal =ms1 be+ among ! mo/ famili>4 ,b an actual enamel pa9t+--on ! pr9ciple ( a picture1 0 r5d]$ 9 /ill ano!r way4 ,9 prep>+ ! gr\nd = enamel pa9t+1 !re are two ?+s :i* h be5 ess5tially consid]$ 9 all times & c\ntries4 ,! enamel gr\nd mu/ be m fusible ?an ! metal on :i* x is plac$1 or else bo? w\ld melt toge!r4 ,also ! enamel ) :i* ! f9al decoration is execut$ mu/ be m easily made fluid ?an ! h>d] enamel on :i* x is laid4 ,9 fact1 ea* coat mu/ ( necessity be a trifle m fusible ?an ! prec$+ "o4 ,a v accurate k is necess>y to execute su* a "w1 z w be readily und]/ood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,enamell$ ,,gold ,,book ,,cov]1 ,,si5a ,9 exam9+ hi/oric examples ( enamel1 ! curi\s oval set 9 gold1 kn[n z ! ,alfr$ ,jewel1 is among ! fir/ :i* come )9 our prov9ce4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ,som]set%ire1 & probably dates f ab\t ! ye> #hgh4 ,x consi/s ( an enamell$ figure cov]$ by a ?ick cry/al1 set 9 filigree1 ar\nd ! edge ( :i* runs ! inscription1 ,,aelfr$ ,,mec ,,reht ,,gavur ,,c 7,alfr$ ord]$ me to be wr\ght74 ,k+ ,alfr$ 0 a great patron ( ! arts4 ,( su* ,anglo-,saxon "w1 an anci5t poem 9 ! ,exet] ,book te/ifies3 ,= "o a wondr\s skill 9 goldsmi?'s art is provid$ ,full (t he decorates & well adorns ,a p[]ful k+'s nobles4 ,celtic enamels are int]e/+1 be+ usually set 9 ! spaces among ! rambl+ int]laces ( ?is s*ool ( goldsmi?+4 ,! ,cross ( ,cong is among ! mo/ fam\s specim5s ( ?is "w1 & also ! bosses on ! ,ardagh ,*alice4 ,! monk ,!ophilus describes ! process ( enamell+ 9 a graphic mann]4 ,he directs 8 workm5 to adapt _! pieces ( gold 9 all ! sett+s 9 :i* ! glass gems are to be plac$ 7by :i* we see t he tea*es ! cloisonne me?od74 ,cut small b&s ( exce$+ly ?9 gold1 he cont9ues1 9 :i* y w b5d & fa%ion :atev] "w y wi% to make 9 enamel1 :e!r circles1 knots1 or small fl[]s1 or birds1 or animals1 or figures4 ,he !n admoni%es "o to sold] x ) greate/ c>e1 two or ?ree times1 until all ! pieces adh]e firmly to ! plate4 ,to prep>e ! p[d]$ glass1 ,!ophilus advises plac+ a piece ( glass 9 ! fire1 &1 :5 x has become gl[+1 ?r[ x into a copp] vessel 9 :i* !re is wat]1 & x in/antly flies into small fragm5ts :i* y break ) a r\nd pe/le until q f9e4 ,! next /ep is to put ! p[d] 9 its de/9$ cloison1 & to place ! :ole jewel ^u a ?9 piece ( iron1 ov] :i* fits a cov] to protect ! enamel f ! coals1 & put x 9 ! mo/ int5sely hot "p ( ! fire4 ,!ophilus recomm5ds t ?is little iron cov] be p]=at$ f9ely all ov] s t ! holes may be inside flat & wide1 & outside f9] & r\gh1 9 ord] to /op ! c9d]s if by *ance !y %\ld fall ^u x4 ,?is process ( fir+ may h to be repeat$ sev]al times1 until ! enamel fills e space ev5ly4 ,!n foll[s ! t$i\s task ( burni%+2 sett+ ! jewel 9 a /rong bit ( wax1 y are told to rub x on a smoo? h>d bone1 until x is poli%$ well & ev5ly4 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i recomm5ds a little pap] sponge to be us$ 9 smoo?+ ! face ( enamels4 ,take a clean nice piece ( pap]1 he writes1 & *ew x well betwe5 y\r tee?1--t is1 if y h got any--,i c\ld n d x1 because ,i've none left6 ,a celebrat$ piece ( goldsmi?'s "w ( ! t5? c5tury is ! ,pala d',oro at ,/4 ,m>k's 9 ,v5ice4 ,?is is a gold alt> piece or r]$os1 ab\t elev5 feet long & sev5 feet high1 ri*ly wr\ght 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle1 & set ) enamels & preci\s /ones4 ,! peculi> quality ( ! surface ( ! gold /ill l+]s 9 ! memory2 x looks almo/ liquid1 & sugge/s ! appe>ance ( metal 9 a fluid /ate4 ,on its wond]ful divisions & ar*$ comp>tm5ts are no less ?an twelve hundr$ pe>ls1 & twelve hundr$ o!r preci\s gems4 ,^! /ones surr\nd ! op5+s 9 :i* are plac$ ! v beautiful enamel figures ( sa9ts & sacr$ p]sonages4 ,/4 ,mi*ael occupies a prom95t position2 ! figure is p>tly 9 relief4 ,! l>ge/ m$allion conta9s ! figure ( ,*ri/ 9 glory1 & 9 o!r comp>tm5ts may be se5 ev5 su* secul> p]sonages z ! ,empress ,ir5e1 & ! ,doge :o 0 rul+ ,v5ice at ! "t ?is alt> piece 0 put 9 place--! ye> #aajf4 ,! ,pala d',oro is work$ 9 ! *ampleve process1 ! gr\nd hav+ be5 cut away to receive ! melt$ enamel4 ,x is und\bt$ly a ,byzant9e "w2 ! ,doge ,orseolo1 9 #igf1 ord]$ x to be made by ! enamell]s ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,x 0 n f9i%$ = ne>ly two c5turies1 arriv+ 9 ,v5ice 9 #aajb1 :5 ! portrait ( ! ,doge !n reign+ 0 add$ to x4 ,! ,byzant9e range ( col\rs 0 copi\s2 !y _h :ite1 two r$s1 bright & d>k1 d>k & light blue1 gre51 violet1 yell[1 fle% t9t1 & black4 ,^! t9ts 7 always fus$ sep>ately1 "o 9 ea* cloison3 ! ,greeks 9 ?is p]iod nev] tri$ to bl5d col\rs1 & m ?an "o t9t nev] appe>s 9 a comp>tm5t4 ,! enl>g+ & improv+ ( ! ,pam d',oro 0 c>ri$ on by ,greek arti/s 9 ,v5ice 9 #aaje4 ,x 0 twice alt]$ aft] t1 once 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury = ,d&olo1 & ?us ! pure ,byzant9e type is some:at invad$ by ! ,go?ic _s4 ,! re/orations 9 #acde 7 presid$ ov] by ,gianm>ia ,bon9segna4 ,"o ( ! mo/ not$ specim5s ( enamel "w is on ! ,cr[n ( ,*>lemagne1#a :i* is a magnific5t /ructure ( eight plaques ( gold1 jo9$ by h+es1 & surm\nt$ by a cross 9 ! front1 & an ar* cross+ ! :ole l a rib f back to front4 ,! o!r cross rib has be5 lo/1 b orig9ally ! cr[n 0 ar*$ by two ribs at ! top4 ,! plates ( gold are ornam5t$1 "o ) jewels1 & filigree1 & ! next ) a l>ge figure 9 enamel4 ,^! figures are simil> to ^? occurr+ on ! ,pala d',oro4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail2 ,,%r9e ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,k+s1 ,,cologne ,! ,%r9e ( ! ,?ree ,k+s 9 ,cologne is decorat$ bo? ) cloisonne & *ampleve enamels1--an unusual circum/ance4 ,9 ,aix la ,*apelle ! %r9e ( ,*>lemagne is extremely l x 9 "s respects1 b ! only enamels are 9 *ampleve4 ,good examples ( transluc5t enamels 9 relief may be se5 on sev]al ( ! reliqu>ies at ,aix la ,*apelle4 ,!ophilus gives u directions = mak+ a v ornate *alice ) h&les1 ri*ly emboss$ & ornam5t$ ) mello4 ,ano!r p>agraph in/ructs u h[ to make a gold5 *alice decorat$ ) preci\s /ones & pe>ls4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ z a mod]n problem1 to foll[ m9utely 8 directions1 & to build ! actual *alice describ$ 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,to apply ! gems & pe>ls ,!ophilus directs u to cut pieces l /raps1 :i* y b5d toge!r to make small sett+s ( !m1 by :i* ! /ones may be enclos$4 ,^! little sett+s1 ) _! /ones1 are to be fix$ ) fl\r pa/e 9 _! places & !n w>m$ ov] ! coals until !y adh]e4 ,?is s\nds a little risky1 b we fancy he mu/ h succe$$1 &1 inde$1 x seems to h be5 ! usual way ( sett+ /ones 9 ! e>ly c5turies4 ,filigree fl[]s are !n to be add$1 & ! :ole sold]$ into place 9 a mo/ primitive mann]1 bank+ ! coals 9 ! %ape ( a small furnace1 s t ! coals may lie ?ickly ar\nd ! circumf]5ce1 & :5 ! sold] fl[s ab\t z if undulat+1 ! arti/ is to spr9kle x quickly ) wat]1 & take x out ( ! fire4 ,niello1 ) :i* ! *alice ( ,!ophilus is also to be enri*$1 /&s 9 relation to ! m beautiful art ( enamel1 z draw+ does to pa9t+1 & x is well to consid] x "h4 ,bo? ! ,romans & ! ,anglo-,saxons und]/ood its use4 ,x has be5 employ$ z an art ev] s9ce ! six? & sev5? c5turies4 ,! t]m niello probably is an abbreviation ( ! ,italian ^w nigellus 7black72 ! art is t ( inlay+ an engrav$ surface ) a black pa/e1 :i* is ?or\ghly durable & h>d z ! metal itself 9 mo/ cases1 ! only diff]5ce be+ 9 flexibility2 if ! metal plate is b5t1 ! niello w crack & flake (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f9igu]ra',s ,,pax1 ,,flor5ce ,niello is m ?an simply a draw+ on metal4 ,t w\ld come "u ! head ( engrav+4 ,a grav] is us$ to cut out ! design on ! surface ( ! silv]1 :i* is simply a poli%$ plane4 ,:5 ! draw+ has be5 ?us incis$1 a black enamel1 made ( lead1 lamp black1 & o!r sub/ances1 is fill$ into ! int]/ices1 & rubb$ 92 :5 q dry & h>d1 ?is is poli%$4 ,! result is a black enamel :i* is !n fus$ into ! silv]1 s t ! :ole is "o surface1 & ! decoration becomes "p ( ! orig9al plate4 ,! process z describ$ by ,!ophilus is z foll[s3 ,compose ! niello 9 ?is mann]2 take pure silv] & divide x into equal p>ts1 add+ to x a ?ird "p ( pure copp]1 & tak+ yell[ sulphur1 break x v small444 & :5 y h liquefi$ ! silv] ) ! copp]1 /ir x ev5ly ) *>coal1 & in/antly p\r into x lead & sulphur4 ,?is niello pa/e is !n made into a /ick1 & heat$ until x gl[s3 !n ) ano!r =ceps1 long & ?91 hold ! niello & rub x all ov] ! places :i* y wi% to make black1 until ! draw+ be full1 & c>ry+ x away f ! fire1 make x smoo? ) a flat file1 until ! silv] appe>4 ,:5 ,!ophilus has f9i%$ 8 directions1 he adds3 ,& take great c>e t no fur!r "w is requir$4 ,to poli% ! niello1 he directs u to pumice x ) a damp /one1 until x is made ev]y:]e bright4 ,!re are v>i\s acc\nts ( h[ ,f9igu]ra1 :o 0 a work] 9 niello 9 ,flor5ce1 discov]$ by its means ! art ( /eel engrav+4 ,x is probably only a leg5d>y n>rative1 b x is always told z "o ( ! apocryphal /ories :5 ! orig9 ( pr9t+ is discuss$1 & may n be out ( place "h4 ,maso ,f9igu]ra1 a ,flor5t9e1 _h j engrav$ ! plate = 8 fam\s niello1 a ,pax :i* is n[ to be se5 9 ! ,b>gello1 & _h fill$ x 9 ) ! fluid enamel1 :i* 0 /&+ wait+ until x %\ld be dry4 ,!n1 accord+ to "s au?orities1 a piece ( pap] blew ^u ! damp surface1 on :i*1 aft] c>efully remov+ x1 ,maso f\nd 8 design 0 impress$2 o!rs /ate t x 0 ?r\gh ! s]vant's lay+ a damp clo? ^u x1 t ! pr9ciple ( pr9t+ f an incis$ plate 0 sugge/$4 ,at any rate1 ,f9igu]ra took ! h9t1 x is said1 & made an impression on pap]1 roll+ x1 z "o w\ld d ) an et*+ or engrav+4 ,9 ! ,silv] ,*amb] 9 ! ,pitti ,palace is a ,pax1 by ,mantegna1 made 9 ! same way z t by ,f9igu]ra1 & be>+ comp>ison ) x4 ,! engrav+ is mo/ delicate1 & x is difficult to imag9e a bett] specim5 ( ! art4 ,! ,madonna & ,*ild1 seat$ 9 an arb\r1 occupy ! c5tre ( ! composition1 :i* is fram$ ) jewell$ b&s1 ! frame be+ divid$ into sixte5 comp>tm5ts1 9 ea* ( :i* is se5 a t9y & exquisite picture4 ,! "w on ! arb\r ( roses 9 :i* ! ,virg9 sits is ( rem>kable quality1 z well z ! small birds & animals introduc$ into ! composition4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph] is se5 cross+ ! riv] ) ! ,*ri/ ,*ild on 8 back1 :ile 9 ! wat] a fi% & a swan are visible4 ,9 ,val5cia 9 ,spa9 may be se5 a *alice :i* has be5 suppos$ to be ! v cup 9 :i* ,our ,savi\r in/itut$ ! ,communion4 ,! cup itself is ( s>donyx1 & ( f9e =m4 ,! base is made ( ! same /one1 & h&les & b&s are ( gold1 adorn$ ) black enamel4 ,pe>ls1 rubies1 sapphires1 & em]alds are set 9 pr(usion ab\t ! /em & base4 ,x is a "w ( ! epo* ( ,imp]ial ,rome4 ,9 ,engl&1 "o ( ! mo/ p]fect specim5s ( f9e1 close "w1 is ! ,wilton ,*alice1 dat+ f ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! ,w>wick ,b[l1 too1 is ( v delicate workman%ip1 & bo? are cov]$ ) m9ute sc5es & figures4 ,"o ( ! mo/ spl5did treasures 9 ?is l9e is ! crozi] ( ,william ,wyckham1 n[ 9 ,ox=d4 ,x is /rictly national 9 /yle4 ,! agreem5t ent]$ into betwe5 ,h5ry ,,vii41 & ,abbot ,islip1 = ! build+ ( ! *apel ( t k+ 9 ,we/m9/]1 is extant4 ,x is b\nd 9 velvet & boss$ ) enamels4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t "s ( ! enamels are 9 ! ,italian /yle1 :ile o!rs are evid5tly ,engli%4 ,limoges 0 ! mo/ fam\s c5tre ( ! art ( enamell+ 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 ! "w be+ kn[n z ,opus de ,limogia1 or ,labor ,limogiae4 ,limoges 0 a ,roman settlem5t1 & enamels 7 made !re z e>ly z ! "t ( ,philo/ratus4 ,*ampleve enamel1 :ile x 0 n produc$ among ! ,greeks1 nor ev5 9 ,byzant9e "w1 0 almo/ inv>iable at ,limoges 9 ! e>li] days3 "o c readily tell ! diff]5ce betwe5 a ,byzant9e enamel & an e>ly ,limoges enamel by ?is te/1 :5 !re is o!rwise suffici5t simil>ity ( design to w>rant ! "q4 ,"s ( ! mo/ beautiful enamels ( ,limoges 7 execut$ 9 :at 0 call$ basse-taille1 or transp>5t enamel on gold gr\nds1 :i* _h be5 fir/ prep>$ 9 bas-relief4 ,*ampleve enamel 0 (t5 us$ on copp]1 = su* ?+s z pa/oral /aves1 reliqu>ies1 & l>g] bits ( *ur* furniture4 ,! enamel us$ on copp] is usually opaque1 & some:at co>s] 9 texture ?an t employ$ on gold or silv]4 ,ow+ to _! additional t\ghness1 ^! specim5s are usually 9 p]fect pres]vation4 ,9 #acbg1 ,guillaume de ,h>ie1 9 8 w1 bequea!d #hjj francs to make two high tombs1 to be cov]$ ) ,limoges enamel1 "o = himself1 & ! o!r = ,blan*e d',avange1 my de> companion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,enamell$ ,,crozi]1 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,an int]e/+ =m ( cloisonne enamel 0 t kn[n z plique a j\r1 :i* consi/s ( a filigree sett+ ) ! enamel 9 transp>5t bits1 )\t any metallic backgr\nd4 ,x is /ill made 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w4 ,:5 held to ! light x resembles m9ute arrangem5ts ( /a9$ glass4 ,francis ,i4 %[$ ,b5v5uto ,cell9i a wond]ful b[l ( ?is description1 & ask$ ,cell9i if he c\ld possibly imag9e h[ ! result 0 atta9$4 ,sacr$ ,maje/y1 repli$ ,b5v5uto1 ,i c tell y exactly h[ x is done1 & he proce$$ to expla9 to ! a/oni%$ c\rti]s h[ ! b[l 0 con/ruct$1 bit by bit1 inside a b[l ( ?9 iron l9$ ) clay4 ,! wires 7 fa/5$ 9 place ) glue until ! design 0 complete1 & !n ! enamel 0 put 9 place1 ! :ole be+ fus$ toge!r at ! sold]+4 ,! clay =m to :i* all ?is tempor>ily adh]$ 0 !n remov$1 & ! "w1 transp>5t & ephem]al1 0 ready to /& alone4 ,k+ ,john gave to ! city ( ,lynn a magnific5t cup ( gold1 enamell$1 ) figures ( c\rti]s ( ! p]iod1 engag$ 9 ! sports ( hawk+ & h>e-hunt+1 & dress$ 9 ! co/ume ( ! k+'s reign4 ,k+ ,john gave to ! ,corporation a ri* cup & cov]1 says ,mack>el1 weigh+ sev5ty-?ree ounces1 :i* is pres]v$ to ?is day & ^u all public occasions & ent]ta9m5ts us$ ) "s uncommon c]emonies at dr9k+ ! heal? ( ! ,k+ or ,que51 & :oev] goes to visit ! ,mayor mu/ dr9k out ( ?is cup1 :i* conta9s a full p9t4 ,! col\rs ( ! enamels :i* are us$ z flat values 9 backgr\nds to ! little silv] figures1 are d>k rose1 cle> blue1 & s(t gre54 ,! dresses ( ! p]sons are also pick$ out 9 ! same col\rs1 v>i$ f ! gr\nds4 ,?is cup 0 drawn by ,john ,c>t] 9 #aghg1 he hav+ _h mu* tr\ble 9 gett+ p]mission to /udy ! orig9al = t purpose6 ,he took lett]s ( introduction to ! ,corporation1 b !y appe>$ to suspect him ( "s impo/ure2 at fir/ !y refus$ to ent]ta9 8 proposal at all1 b aft] sev]al applications1 he 0 all[$ to h ! orig9al be=e him1 9 a clos$ room1 9 company ) a p]son appo9t$ by !m b at 8 exp5se1 to wat* him & see t no h>m came to ! preci\s cup6 ,! transluc5t enamels on relief 7 made a great deal by ! ,italian goldsmi?s2 ,vas>i alludes to ?is class ( "w z a species ( pa9t+ unit$ ) sculpture4 ,z enamel came by degrees to be us$ z if x 7 pa9t1 "o ( ! *ief *>ms ( ! art di$4 ,! limits ( ?is art 7 its /r5g?1 & simple /raight-=w>d use ( ! mat]ial 0 its be/ expression4 ,! me?od ( mak+ a pa9t$ enamel 0 z foll[s4 ,! design 0 laid out ) a /ilus on a copp] plate4 ,!n a flux ( pla9 enamel 0 fus$ on to ! surface1 all ov] x4 ,! draw+ 0 !n made aga91 on ! same l9es1 9 a d>k m$ium1 & ! col\rs 7 laid flat inside ! d>k l9es1 accept+ ^! l9es z if !y _h be5 wires ar\nd cloisons4 ,all pa9t$ enamels _h to be enamell$ on ! back z well1 to prev5t w>p+ 9 ! furnace :5 ! %r9kage took place4 ,aft] ea* lay] ( col\r ! :ole plate 0 fir$4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ^! enamels 7 popul> & reta9$ "s semblance ( respect = ! limitation ( mat]ial2 lat]1 great] facility l$1 z x does 9 mo/ ( ! arts1 to a decad5ce 9 ta/e1 & florid pictures1 ) z _m col\rs & %ad[s z w\ld appe> 9 an oil pa9t+1 result$4 ,"h & !re1 :]e special metallic brilliancy 0 desir$1 a leaf ( gold 0 laid "u ! col\r ( "s transp>5t enamel1 giv+ a decorative lu/re4 ,^! bits ( brilliant metal 7 kn[n z paillons4 ,:5 ,limoges _h f9ally become ! royal manufactory ( enamels1 "u ,francis ,i41 ! head ( ! works 0 ,leon>d ,lim\s91 creat$ ,valet de ,*ambre du ,roi1 to %[ 8 sov]eign's appreciation4 ,rem>kable examples ( ! "w ( ,leon>d ,lim\s91 execut$ 9 #aedg1 are ! l>ge figures ( ! ,apo/les to be se5 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 at ,*>tres1 :]e !y are rang$ ab\t ! apsidal *apel4 ,!y are pa9t$ enamels on copp] %eets tw5ty-f\r by elev5 in*es1 & are 9 a wond]ful /ate ( pres]vation4 ,!y 7 ! gift ( ,h5ri ,,ii4 to ,diane de ,poicti]s & 7 br\ght to ,*>tres f ! ,*ateau d',anet4 ,^! enamels1 be+ on a :ite gr\nd1 h some?+ ! effect ( pa9t+s 9 ,fai5ce2 ! col\r+ is delicate1 & !y h occasional gold t\*es4 ,a treatise by ,william ( ,essex directs ! arti/ h[ to prep>e a plate = a pa9t$ enamel1 su* z 7 us$ 9 m9iature "w4 ,he says ,to make a plate = ! arti/ to pa9t ^u3 a piece ( gold or copp] be+ *os51 ( requisite dim5sions1 & v>y+ f ab\t #a_/ah to #a_/af ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 is cov]$ ) pulv]iz$ enamel1 & pass$ ?r\gh ! fire1 until x becomes ( a :ite heat2 ano!r coat+ ( enamel is !n add$1 & ! plate aga9 fir$2 aft]w>ds a ?9 lay] ( a sub/ance call$ flux is laid ^u ! surface ( ! enamel1 & ! plate und]goes ! action ( heat = a ?ird "t4 ,x is n[ ready = ! pa9t] to comm5ce 8 picture ^u4 ,leon>d ,lim\s9 pa9t$ f #aecb until #aegd4 ,he us$ ! process z describ$ by ,william ( ,essex 7:i* aft]w>ds became v popul> = m9iaturi/s71 & also compos$ v]itable pictures ( 8 own design4 ,x is out ( our prov9ce to trace ! hi/ory ( ! ,limoges enamell]s aft] ?is p]iod4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,o!r ,,metals ,! p]ils t environ m5 t m$dle ) cold iron are _m2 b ^? :o attempt to control hot iron are also to be respect$1 :5 !y a*ieve an arti/ic result ) ?is unsympa!tic metal1 :i* by nature is entirely lack+ 9 *>m1 9 col\r & texture1 & dep5ds m ^u a prop] application ( design ?an any o!r1 9 ord] to ov]come ! ob/acles to beauty ) :i* x is beset4 ,ru/ ha? corrupt$1 un=tunately1 _m int]e/+ antiquities 9 iron1 s t only a limit$ numb] ( specim5s ( ?is metal h come d[n to u f v e>ly times2 "o ( ! e>lie/ 9 ,engl& is a grave-/one ( ca/ metal1 ( ! date #acej3 x is decorat$ ) a cross1 & has ! epitaph1 ,pray = ! s\l ( ,joan ,coll9s4 ,! process ( ca/+ iron 0 z foll[s4 ,! m\lds 7 made ( a s&y sub/ance1 compos$ ( a mixture ( brick du/1 loam1 pla/]1 & *>coal4 ,a b$ ( ?is s& 0 made1 & into x 0 press$ a wood5 or metal patt]n4 ,:5 ?is 0 remov$1 ! impr9t rema9$ 9 ! s&4 ,liquid metal 0 run into ! m\ld s =m$1 & w\ld cool into ! desir$ %ape4 ,z ) a pla/] ca/1 x 0 necess>y to employ two su* b$s1 ! s& be+ firmly held 9 boxes1 if ! object 0 to be r\nd$1 & !n ! two halves ?us made 7 put toge!r4 ,flat objects1 su* z fire-backs1 c\ld be run into a s+le m\ld4 ,b>?olomew1 9 8 book ,on ! ,prop]ties ( ,?+s1 makes c]ta9 /atem5ts ab\t iron :i* are int]e/+3 ,?\gh iron come? ( ! e>?1 yet x is mo/ h>d & sad1 & !re=e ) beat+ & smit+ x suppresse? & dilate? all o!r metal1 & make? x /ret* on l5g? & on bread?4 ,?is is ! key-note to ! "w ( a blacksmi?3 x is :at he has done f ! fir/1 & is /ill do+4 ,9 ,spa9 !re h be5 iron m9es ev] s9ce ! days :5 ,pl9y wrote & allud$ to !m1 b !re are few samples 9 t c\ntry to lead u to reg>d x z ae/hetic 9 its purpose until ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,= temp]+ iron in/rum5ts1 !re are recipes giv5 by ! monk ,!ophilus1 b !y are un=tunately q unquotable1 be+ treat$ ) m$iaeval frankness ( expression4 ,/4 ,dun/an 0 ! patron ( goldsmi?s & blacksmi?s4 ,he 0 born 9 #ibe1 & liv$ 9 ,gla/onbury1 :]e he became a monk r e>ly 9 life4 ,he n only work$ 9 metal1 b 0 a good musician & a great s*ol>1 9 fact a g5u9e r\nd$ man ( culture4 ,he built an organ1 no d\bt some?+ l ! "o :i* ,!ophilus describes1 :i*1 ,b$e tells u1 be+ fitt$ ) brass pipes1 fill$ ) air f ! bell[s1 utt]$ a gr& & mo/ sweet melody4 ,dun/an 0 a fav\rite at c\rt1 9 ! reign ( ,k+ ,edmund4 ,enemies 7 pl5tiful1 h[ev]1 & !y spread ! report t ,dun/an evok$ demoniac aid 9 8 almo/ magical "w 9 its _m dep>tm5ts4 ,x 0 said t occasionally ! evil spirits 7 too aggravat+1 & t 9 su* cases ,dun/an w\ld /& no nons5se4 ,!re is an old v]se3 ,/4 ,dun/an1 s ! /ory goes1 ,once pull$ ! devil by ! nose1 ,) r$ hot tongs1 :i* made him ro> ,t he 0 he>d ?ree miles or m6 ,! same /ory is told ( ,/4 ,eloi1 & probably ( mo/ ( ! m$iaeval arti/ic spirits :o 7 un=tunate en\gh to be human 9 _! temp]am5ts & at ! same "t pi\s & /ruggl+4 ,he 0 greatly tr\bl$ by visitations su* z p]secut$ ,/4 ,an?ony4 ,on "o occasion1 x is relat$ t he 0 busy at 8 =ge :5 ?is fi5d 0 unusually p]si/5t3 ,/4 ,dun/an turn$ ^u ! demon1 & grasp$ its nose 9 ! hot p9c]s1 :i* prov$ a mo/ successful exorcism4 ,9 old portraits1 ,/4 ,dun/an is repres5t$ 9 full ecclesia/ical habit1 hold+ ! iron p9c]s z symbols ( 8 pr[ess4 ,he became ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury aft] hav+ held ! ,sees ( ,worce/] & ,london4 ,he j\rney$ to ,rome1 & receiv$ ! pallium ( ,primate ( ! ,anglo-,saxons1 f ,pope ,john ,,xii4 ,dun/an 0 a righte\s /atesman1 twice reprov+ ! k+ = evil de$s1 & plac+ 8 ,royal ,highness "u ! ban ( ! ,*ur* = immoral conduct6 ,/4 ,dun/an di$ 9 #ihh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wr\ght ,,iron ,,h+e1 ,,frank=t ,wr\ght iron has be5 9 use = _m c5turies = h+es & o!r decorations on doors2 a necessity to e build+ 9 a t[n f e>lie/ times4 ,! ^w h+e comes f ! ,saxon1 h5g51 to hang4 ,primitive h+es 7 sometimes sockets cut 9 /one1 z at ,torcello2 b soon ?is 0 prov$ a clumsy & inconv5i5t me?od ( hang+ a door1 & h+es m simple 9 "o way1 & yet m ornate1 came into fa%ion4 ,iron h+es 7 f\nd mo/ useful :5 !y ext5d$ = "s di/ance on to ! door2 ?is /r5g!n$ ! door aga9/ ! invasion ( pirates1 :5 ! *ur* 0 ! natural citadel ( refuge = ! inhabitants ( a t[n1 & also held x firmly f w>p+4 ,at fir/ s+le /raps ( iron 7 clamp$ on3 !n ! natural crav+ = beauty prevail$1 & ! h+es develop$1 fl[]+ out into scrolls & leaves1 & spread+ all ov] ! doors1 z "o sees !m con/antly 9 m$iaeval examples4 ,! g5]al s*eme usually foll[$ 0 a /raight /rap ( iron flank$ by two curv+ horns l a cresc5t1 & ?is motive 0 elaborat$ until a positive lace ( iron1 (t5 engrav$ or m\ld$1 cov]$ ! surface ( ! door1 z 9 ! wond]ful "w ( ,biscornette at ,notre ,dame 9 ,p>is4 ,biscornette 0 a v my/]i\s work]1 & no "o ev] saw him con/ruct+ ! h+es4 ,reports w5t r\nd t ! devil 0 help+ him1 t he _h sold 8 s\l to ! ,k+ ( ,d>kness 9 ord] to enli/ 8 assi/ance 9 8 "w2 an in/ance ( ae/hetic altruism almo/ comm5dable 9 its exotic zeal4 ,c]ta9 jeal\s artific]s ev5 w5t s f> z to break (f bits ( ! me&]+ iron1 to te/ x1 b ) no result2 !y c\ld n decide :e!r x 0 ca/ or wr\ght4 ,lat] a leg5d grew up expla9+ ! reason :y ! c5tral door 0 n z ornate z ! side doors3 ! /ory 0 t ! devil 0 unable to assi/ ,biscornette on ?is door because x 0 ! ap]ture ?r\gh :i* ! ,ho/ pass$ 9 processions4 ,x is m likely1 h[ev]1 t ! doors 7 orig9ally uni=m1 & t ! iron 0 subsequ5tly remov$ = "s o!r reason4 ,! design is suppos$ to repres5t ! ,e>?ly ,p>adise4 ,sauval says3 ,! sculptur$ birds & ornam5ts are m>vell\s4 ,!y are made ( wr\ght iron1 ! inv5tion ( ,biscornette & :i* di$ ) him4 ,he work$ ! iron ) an almo/ incr$ible indu/ry1 r5d]+ x flexible & tractable1 & gave x all ! =ms & scrolls he wi%$1 ) a 'd\ceur et une g5tillesse' :i* surpris$ & a/oni%$ all ! smi?s4 ,! iron ma/] ,gaeg>t broke (f fragm5ts ( ! iron1 & no memb] ( ! craft has ev] be5 able to /ate ) c]ta9ty j h[ ! "w 0 accompli%$4 ,"s ?9k t x is ca/1 & !n treat$ ) ! file2 o!rs say t x mu/ h be5 execut$ by ca/+ entire1 ) no sold]+4 ,9 any case1 ! secret w nev] be divulg$1 = no "o 0 9 ! confid5ce ( ,biscornette4 ,norman blacksmi?s & work]s 9 wr\ght iron 7 m pl5tiful ?an goldsmi?s4 ,!y _h1 9 ^? w>like times1 m call = arms & ! massive products ( ! =ge ?an = gaudy jewels & table appo9tm5ts4 ,"o ( ! doors ( ,/4 ,alban's ,abbey displays ! skill ( ,norman smi?s deal+ ) ?is /alw>t =m ( ornam5t4 ,among special arti/s 9 iron ^: names h surviv$ is t ( ,jehan ,tonqu91 9 #achh4 ,e>li] ?an t1 a cutl]1 ,?omas de ,fieuvilli]1 is m5tion$1 z hav+ fl\ri%$ ab\t #accj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,biscornette',s ,,doors ,,at ,,p>is ,elaborate iron "w is r>e 9 ,g]many2 ! ,g]mans always excell$ r 9 bronze ?an 9 ! /]n] metal4 ,at ,/4 ,ursula's 9 ,cologne !re are iron floriat$ h+es1 b ! design & idea are ,fr5*1 & n native4 ,"o may usually recognize a diff]5ce betwe5 ,fr5* & ,engli% wr\ght iron1 = ! ,fr5* is (t5 9 deta*$ pieces1 n an outgr[? ( ! actual h+e itself1 & :5 ?is is f\nd 9 ,engl&1 x indicates ,fr5* "w4 ,ornam5ts 9 iron 7 sometimes cut out ( flat %eet metal1 & !n hamm]$ into =m4 ,9 /amp+ ?is flat "w ) emboss$ effect1 ! smi? _h to "w :ile ! iron 0 hot1--z ,san*o ,panza express$ x1 ,pray+ to ,god & hamm]+ away4 ,dies 7 made1 aft] a "t1 into :i* ! design c\ld be beat5 ) less ef=t ?an 9 ! orig9al me?od4 ,"o ( ! qua9te/ ( iron doors is at ,krems1 :]e ! gate is made up ( squ>e %eets ( iron1 cut into rude pi]c$ designs1 giv+ sc5es f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & hamm]$ up s z to be slightly emboss$4 ,! ,guild ( ,blacksmi?s 9 ,flor5ce fl\ri%$ z e>ly z ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x cov]$ work]s 9 _m metals1 copp]1 iron1 brass1 & pewt] includ$4 ,among ! rules ( ! ,guild 0 "o p]mitt+ memb]s to "w = ready money only4 ,!y 7 n all[$ to adv]tise by /reet cry+1 & 7 f9$ if !y did s4 ,! ,arms ( ! ,guild 0 a pair ( furnace tongs ^u a :ite field4 ,among ! products ( ! =ge mo/ 9 dem& 7 ! iron w9d[-grat+s s inv>iable on all h\ses1 & call$ by ,mi*elangelo kneel+ w9d[s1 on acc\nt ( ! bulg+ %ape ( ! l[] p>ts4 ,"o fam\s iron work] c>ri$ out ! law ( ! ,guild bo? 9 _s & lett] to ! ext5t ( insi/+ ^u paym5t 9 advance6 ,?is 0 ,nicolo ,grosso1 :o work$ ab\t #adii4 ,vas>i calls him ! money grabb]4 ,8 specialty 0 to make ! beautiful tor* hold]s & lant]ns su* z "o sees on ! ,/rozzi ,palace & 9 ! ,b>gello4 ,9 ,engl& !re 7 ,guilds ( ,blacksmi?s2 9 ,middlesex "o 0 />t$ 9 #adcd1 & memb]s 7 kn[n z 9 ! wor%ip ( ,/4 ,eloi4 ,memb]s 7 allud$ to z ,bre?r5 & ,si/]51--?is t]m w\ld fill a mu* felt vacancy6 ,"s ( ! ,guilds exact$ f9es f all memb]s :o did n pay a prop] proportion ( _! e>n+s to ! ,*ur*4 ,ano!r g5]al use ( iron = arti/ic purposes 0 9 ! manufacture ( grilles4 ,grilles 7 us$ 9 ,france & ,engl& 9 ca!drals4 ,! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian grille is a pi]c$ bronze scre5 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,nativity 9 ,be?lehem4 ,9 ,hilde%eim is an orig9al =m ( grille2 ! leaves & rosettes 9 ! design are pi]c$1 in/ead ( be+ beat5 up into bosses4 ,?is probably came f ! fact t ! ,g]man smi? did n und]/& ! ,franki% draw+1 & suppos$ t ! %ad$ portions ( ! "w 7 int5d$ to be op5 "w4 ,! result1 h[ev]1 is mo/ happy1 & a new feature 0 ?us introduc$ into grille "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wr\ght ,,iron ,,f ,,! ,,b>gello1 ,,flor5ce ,_m grilles 7 =m$ by ! smi?'s tak+ an iron b> &1 "u ! int5se heat1 splitt+ x into v>i\s bran*es1 ea* ( :i* %\ld be twi/$ 9 a diff]5t way4 ,ano!r me?od 0 to use ! s+le slight] b> = ! f\ndation ( ! design1 & weld+ on o!r volutes ( simil> ?ickness to make ! scroll "w associat$ ) wr\ght iron4 ,"s ( ! smi?s :o work$ at ,we/m9/] ,abbey are kn[n by "n2 ,ma/] ,h5ry ,lewis1 9 #abei1 made ! iron "w = ! tomb ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 ,a c]ta9 iron fragm5t is sign$ ,gilib]tus4 ,! iron on ! tomb ( ,que5 ,eleanor is by ,?omas de ,leighton1 9 #abid4 ,lead work]s also _h a place assign$ to !m 9 ! prec9cts1 :i* 0 kn[n z ! ,plumb]y4 ,9 #adca ,ma/] ,rog] ,johnson 0 enjo9$ to arre/ or press smi?s into s]vice 9 ord] to f9i% ! ironwork on ! tomb ( ,edw>d ,,iv4 ,probably ! mo/ fam\s use ( iron 9 ,spa9 is 9 ! /up5d\s rejas1 or *ancel scre5s ( wr\ght iron2 b ^! are ne>ly all ( a late ,r5aissance /yle1 & h>dly come )9 ! scope ( ?is volume4 ,! requirem5ts ( ,spani% ca!drals1 too1 = wr\ght iron scre5s = all ! side *apels1 made pl5ty ( "w = ! iron ma/]s4 ,9 fact1 ! rej]os1 or iron ma/]1 0 z regul> an adjunct to a ca!dral z an ar*itect or a pa9t]4 ,knock]s 7 (t5 v h&some 9 ,spa91 & ev5 nail heads 7 decorat$4 ,an int]e/+ specim5 ( iron "w is ! grille t surr\nds ! tomb ( ! ,scalig]s 9 ,v]olla4 ,x is n a h>d /iff /ructure1 b is compos$ ( circul> =ms1 ea* made sep>ately1 & l9k$ toge!r ) n>r[ b&s1 s t ! con/ruction is flexible1 & is m l a gigantic piece ( *a9 mail ?an an iron f5ce4 ,qu5t9 ,matsys 0 kn[n z ! blacksmi? ( ,antw]p1 & is report$ to h left 8 orig9al "w among metals to become a pa9t]4 ,?is 0 done 9 ord] to m>ry ! lady ( 8 *oice1 = %e refus$ to jo9 h] fate to t ( a craftsman4 ,%e1 h[ev]1 0 ready to m>ry a pa9t]4 ,qu5t91 !re=e1 gave up 8 hamm] & anvil1 & began to pa9t ,madonnas t he might prosp] 9 8 suit4 ,"s au?orities1 h[ev]1 laugh at ?is /ory1 & claim t ! specim5s ( iron "w :i* are %[n z ! e>ly works ( ,matsys date f a "t :5 he w\ld h be5 only t5 or twelve ye>s old1 & t !y mu/ !re=e h be5 ! "w ( 8 fa!r1 ,josse ,matsys1 :o 0 a locksmi?4 ,! well-cov] 9 ,antw]p1 ne> ! ca!dral1 is always kn[n z ,qu5t9 ,matsys' well4 ,x is said t ?is 0 n con/ruct$ until #adgj1 :ile ,qu5t9 0 born 9 #adff4 ,! iron "w ( ! tomb ( ! ,duke ( ,burgundy1 9 ,w9dsor1 is suppos$ to be ! "w ( ,qu5t9 ,matsys1 & is consid]$ ! f9e/ grille 9 ,engl&4 ,x is wr\ght ) su* skill & delicacy t x is m l ! product ( ! goldsmi?'s art ?an t ( ! blacksmi?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moori% ,,keys1 ,,seville ,ano!r object ( utility :i* 0 frequ5tly ornam5t$ 0 ! key4 ,! ,key ( ,/ate1 especially1 0 s treat$4 ,"s are n9e or t5 in*es long1 hav+ be5 us$ to pres5t to visit+ gr&ees z typical ( ! ,fre$om ( ! ,city4 ,keys 7 (t5 decorat$ ) h&les hav+ ! appe>ance ( ,go?ic trac]y4 ,9 an old book publi%$ 9 #agie1 !re is an acc\nt ( ! miracul\s ,keys ( ,/4 ,d5is1 made ( silv]1 :i* !y apply to ! faces ( ^! p]sons :o h be5 s un=tunate z to be bitt5 by mad dogs1 & :o receiv$ c]ta9 & imm$iate relief 9 only t\*+ !m4 ,a key 9 ,val5cia1 ov] n9e in*es 9 l5g?1 is ri*ly emboss$1 :ile ! w>ds are compos$ ( decorative lett]s1 look+ at fir/ l an elaborate sort ( filigree1 b f9ally resolv+ !mselves into ! autographic /atem5t3 ,x 0 made by ,ahm$ ,ahsan4 ,x is a delicate piece ( ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5tury "w 9 iron4 ,ano!r old ,spani% key has a ,hebrew inscription r\nd ! h&le3 ,! ,k+ ( ,k+s w op53 ! ,k+ ( ! :ole ,e>? w ent]1 &1 9 ! w>ds1 9 ,spani%1 ,god w op51 ! ,k+ w ent]4 ,! iron smi?s ( ,b>celona =m$ a ,guild 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury3 x is to be regrett$ t m ( _! "w c\ld n h desc5d$ to u4 ,a frank treatm5t ( locks & bolts1 us+ !m z decorations1 in/ead ( treat+ !m z disgraces1 ^u ! surface ( a door1 is ! only way to make !m 9 any degree effective4 ,z ,pug9 has said1 x is possible to use nails1 screws1 & rivets1 s t !y become beautiful /uds & busy enri*m5ts4 ,flor5t9e locksmi?s 7 specially fam\s2 !re also 0 a great fa%ion = damasc5$ "w 9 t city1 & x 0 execut$ ) mu* elegance4 ,9 blacksmi?'s "w1 heat 0 us$ ) ! hamm] at ea* /age ( ! "w1 :ile 9 arm\r]'s or locksmi?'s "w1 heat 0 employ$ only at fir/1 to a*ieve ! primitive =ms1 & !n ! "w 0 c>ri$ on ) *isel & file on ! cold metal4 ,up to ! f\rte5? c5tury ! "w 0 pr9cipally t ( ! blacksmi?1 & aft] t1 ( ! locksmi?4 ,! m5tion ( arms & arm\r 9 a book ( ^! proportions mu/ be v slight2 ! subject is a va/ "o1 & no ef=t to treat x ) sy/em w\ld be satisfactory 9 s small a space4 ,b a few curi\s & significant facts relat+ to ! mak+ ( arm\r may be cit$4 ,! rapid decay ( iron ?r\gh ru/--rapid1 t is to say1 9 comp>ison ) o!r metals--is (t5 f\nd to h tak5 place :5 ! discov]y ( old arm\r has be5 made2 s t gold ornam5ts1 belong+ to a sword or o!r weapon1 may be f\nd 9 excavat+1 :ile ! iron :i* =m$ ! actual weapon has disappe>$4 ,primitive arm\r 0 bas$ on a lea!r f\ndation1 h5ce ! "n cuirass1 0 d]iv$ f cuir 7lea!r74 ,9 a =m] book ,i h allud$ to ! arm\r ( ! nomadic tribes1 :i* is describ$ by ,pausanias z co>se coats ( mail made out ( ! ho(s ( horses1 split1 & laid ov]lapp+ ea* o!r1 mak+ !m some?+ l dragon's scales1 z ,pausanias expla9s2 add+ = ! b5efit ( ^? :o are unfamili> ) dragons' anatomy1 ,:oev] has n yet se5 a dragon1 has1 at any rate1 se5 a p9e cone /ill gre54 ,^! are equally l 9 appe>ance to ! surface ( ?is arm\r4 ,^! horny scales ( t\gh ho(s und\bt$ly sugge/$1 at a lat] date1 ! use ( ?ick lea!r z a =m ( protection1 & ! gradual evolution may be imag9$4 ,! art ( ! arm\r] 0 9 e>ly m$iaeval times ! art ( ! *a9 mak]4 ,! *a9 coat1 or coats ( mail1 rea*$ 9 e>ly days z f> z ! knees4 ,f9ally ?is develop$ into an entire cov]+ = ! man1 ) head ge> z well2 ( c\rse ?is =m ( arm\r all[$ ( no real ornam5tation1 = !re 0 no space l>g] ?an ! l9ks ( ! *a9 ^u :i* to be/[ decoration4 ,ea* l9k ( a coat ( mail 0 br\ght r\nd into a r+1 ! ends ov]lapp$1 & a little rivet ins]t$4 ,w>riors tru/$ to no sold] or o!r mode ( fa/5+4 ,all ! magnific5ce ( knightly app>el 0 conc5trat$ 9 ! surcoat1 a spl5did embroid]$ or gem-deck$ tunic to ! knees1 :i* 0 worn ov] ! coat ( mail4 ,^! surcoats 7 (t5 trimm$ ) co/ly furs1 erm9e or vair1 ! latt] be+ simil> to :at we n[ call squirrel1 be+ "p gray & "p :ite4 ,c9d]ella's fam\s slipp] 0 made ( vair1 :i*1 ?r\gh a misappreh5sion 9 be+ translat$ v]re1 has become kn[n z a glass slipp]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arm\r1 ,,%[+ ,,mail ,,develop+ ,,into ,,plate ,aft] a bit1 ! mak]s ( arm\r discov]$ t mu* t$i\s labor 9 *a9 mak+ might be sp>$1 if "o introduc$ a l>ge plate ( solid metal on ! *e/ & back4 ,?is 0 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! elb[s & knees 7 also treat$ 9 ?is way1 & 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! pr9ciple ( arm\r _h *ang$ to a set ( sep>ate plates fa/5$ toge!r by l9ks4 ,?is 0 ! evolution f mail to plate arm\r4 ,a description ( ,*>lemagne z he appe>$ on ! field ( battle1 9 8 arm\r1 is giv5 by ! ,monk ( ,/4 ,gall1 8 biograph]1 & is dramatic4 ,!n c\ld be se5 ! iron ,*>les1 helmet$ ) an iron helmet1 8 iron brea/ & broad %\ld]s protect$ ) an iron brea/ plate2 an iron spe> 0 rais$ on high 9 8 left h&1 8 "r always re/$ on 8 unconqu]$ iron fal*ion4444 ,8 %ield 0 all ( iron1 8 *>g] 0 iron col\r$ & iron he>t$4444 ,! fields & op5 spaces 7 fill$ ) iron2 a p h>d] ?an iron paid univ]sal homage to ! h>dness ( iron4 ,! horror ( ! dungeon seem$ less ?an ! bright gleam ( iron4 ',oh1 ! iron6 woe = ! iron6' 0 ! confus$ cry t rose f ! citiz5s4 ,! /rong walls %ook at ! sight ( iron3 ! resolution ( "y & old fell be=e ! iron4 ,by ! end ( ! f\rte5? & e>ly fifte5? c5turies1 :ole suits ( arm\r 7 almo/ inv>iable1 & !n came ! opportunity = ! goldsmi?1 ! damasc5]1 & ! nielli/4 ,"s ( ! lead+ arti/s1 especially 9 ,italy1 7 enli/$ 9 design+ & decorat+ :at might be call$ ! arm\r-de-luxe ( ! w>rior pr9ces6 ,! arm\r ( horses 0 z ornate z t ( ! rid]s4 ,! sword 0 always ! mo/ impos+ly ornam5t$ "p ( a knight's equipm5t1 & und]w5t v>i\s modifications :i* are int]e/+ to note4 ,at fir/1 x 0 ! only weapon inv>iably at h&3 x 0 enorm\sly l>ge1 & two h&s 7 necess>y 9 wield+ x4 ,z ! arquebuse came into use1 ! sword took a second>y position3 x became light] & small]4 ,& ev] s9ce #aeaj x is a curi\s fact t ! decorations ( swords h be5 design$ to be exam9$ :5 ! sword hangs ) ! po9t d[n2 ! e>li] ornam5t 0 adapt$ to be+ se5 at its be/ :5 ! sword 0 held upright1 z 9 action4 ,p]haps ! lat] !ory ( decoration is m s5sible1 = x is c]ta9 t nei!r a w>rior nor 8 oppon5t c\ld h occasion to admire f9e decoration at a "t :5 ! sword 0 drawn6 ,t ! arts %\ld be employ$ to satisfy ! eye 9 times ( peace1 suffic$ ! lat] we>]s ( ornam5t$ swords4 ,tol$o blades h always be5 fam\s1 & rank fir/ among ! /eel knives ( ! _w4 ,ev5 9 ,roman times1 & ( c\rse "u ! ,moors1 ,tol$o l$ 9 ?is dep>tm5t4 ,! process ( mak+ a ,tol$o blade 0 z foll[s4 ,!re 0 a special f9e :ite s& on ! banks ( ! ,tagus1 :i* 0 us$ to spr9kle on ! blade :5 x 0 r$ hot1 be=e x 0 s5t on to ! =g]'s4 ,:5 ! blade 0 r$ hot f be+ /eep$ f\r-fif?s ( its l5g? 9 flame1 x 0 dropp$ po9t fir/ into a bucket ( wat]4 ,if x 0 n p]fectly /raight :5 x 0 )drawn1 x 0 beat5 into %ape1 m s& be+ fir/ put ^u x4 ,aft] ?is ! rema9+ fif? ( ! blade 0 subject$ to ! fire1 & 0 rubb$ ) suet :ile r$ hot2 ! f9al poli% ( ! :ole sword 0 produc$ by em]y p[d] on wood5 :eels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,damasc5$ ,,helmet ,damasc5+ 0 a fav\rite me?od ( ornam5t+ *oice suits ( arm\r1 & 0 also appli$ to bronzes1 cab9ets1 & su* pieces ( metal z l5t !mselves to decoration4 ,! process began l niello3 little *annels = ! design 7 holl[$ out1 9 ! iron or bronze1 & !n a wire ( brass1 silv]1 or gold1 0 laid 9 ! groove1 & beat5 into place1 be+ aft]w>ds poli%$ until ! surface 0 uni=m all ov]4 ,"o great feature ( ! art 0 to s9k ! incision a little broad] at ! base ?an at ! top1 & !n to =ce ! s(t] metal 91 s t1 by ?is und]cutt+1 x 0 held firmly 9 place4 ,cell9i tells ( 8 fir/ view ( damasc5$ /eel blades4 ,i *anc$1 he says1 to become possess$ ( c]ta9 little ,turki% dagg]s1 ! h&le ( :i* toge!r ) ! gu>d & blade 7 ornam5t$ ) beautiful ,ori5tal leaves1 engrav$ ) a *isel1 & inlaid ) gold4 ,?is k9d ( "w diff]$ mat]ially f any :i* ,i _h z yet practis$ or attempt$1 nev]!less ,i 0 seiz$ ) a great desire to try my h& at x1 & ,i succe$$ s admirably t ,i produc$ articles inf9itely f9] & m solid ?an ^? ( ! ,turks4 ,b5v5uto _h su* a humble op9ion ( 8 own p[]s6 ,b :5 "o consid]s ! pa9s & lab\r exp5d$ ^u ! arts ( damasc5+ & niello1 "o regrets t ! work]s _h n be5 inspir$ to attempt d5ti/ry1 & save s mu* unnecess>y individual suff]+6 ,on ! ,sword ( ,boabdil are _m inscriptions1 among !m1 ,god is clem5t & m]ciful1 & ,god is gift$ ) ! be/ memory4 ,no two s5tim5ts c\ld be bett] calculat$ to keep a conqu]or f undue excesses4 ,m]cia 0 a headqu>t]s = /eel & o!r metals 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,seville 0 ev5 !n fam\s = its /eel1 also1 & 9 ! words ( a contempor>y writ]1 ! /eel :i* is made 9 ,seville is mo/ excell5t2 x w\ld take too mu* "t to enum]ate ! delicate objects ( e k9d :i* are made 9 ?is t[n4 ,k+ ,don ,p$ro1 9 8 w1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 bequea!s to 8 son1 8 ,ca/ilian sword1 :i* ,i _h made "h 9 ,seville1 ornam5t$ ) /ones & gold4 ,swords 7 baptiz$2 !y 7 nam$1 & seem$ to h a v]itable p]sonality ( _! own4 ,! sword ( ,*>lemagne 0 *ri/5$ ,joyeuse1 :ile we all "k ( ,ar?ur's ,excalibur2 ,rol&'s sword 0 call$ ,dur&el4 ,s>agossa /eel 0 e/eem$ = helmets1 & ! sword ( ,james ( ,arragon 9 #abcj1 a v good sword1 & lucky to ^? :o h&l$ x1 0 f ,monzon4 ,! ,cid's sword 0 simil>1 & nam$ ,tizona4 ,!re is a /ory ( a ,jew :o w5t to ! grave ( ! ,cid to /eal 8 sword1 :i*1 accord+ to cu/om1 0 int]r$ ) ! own]3 ! corpse is said to h res5t$ ! intrusion by un%ea?+ ! weapon1 :i* miracle s amaz$ ! ,jew t he turn$ ,*ri/ian6 ,illu/ration3 ,,moori% ,,sword ,g]man arm\r 0 popul>4 ,cologne swords 7 great fav\rites 9 ,engl&4 ,k+ ,ar?ur's sword 0 "o ( ^!1-- ,= all ( ,coleyne 0 ! blade ,& all ! hilt ( preci\s /one4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a wond]ful example ( a wood5 %ield1 pa9t$ on a gesso gr\nd1 ! subject be+ a ,knight kneel+ be=e a lady1 & ! motto3 ,v\s ou la mort4 ,^! wood5 %ields 7 us$ 9 ,g]many until ! end ( ,maximilian's reign4 ,! helmet1 or ,heaume1 entirely conceal$ ! face1 s t = purposes ( id5tification1 h]aldic badges & %ields 7 display$4 ,lat]1 cre/s 7 also us$ on ! helmets1 = ! same purpose4 ,c]ta9 arm\r]s 7 v well kn[n 9 _! day1 & 7 z fam\s z arti/s 9 o!r bran*es4 ,william ,au/9 made a sup]b suit = ! ,e>l ( ,w>wick1 :ile ,?omas ,/evyns 0 ! copp]smi? :o work$ on ! same1 & ,b>?olomew ,lambspr+ 0 ! poli%]4 ,!re 0 a fam\s ma/]-arm\r] at ,gre5wi* 9 ! days ( ,elizabe?1 nam$ ,jacob3 "s important arms ( t p]iod be> ! inscription1 ,made by me ,jacob4 ,!re is "s "q :e!r he 0 ! same man z ,jacob ,topf :o came f ,innsbruck1 & became c\rt arm\r] 9 ,engl& 9 #aege4 ,ano!r fam\s smi? 0 ,william ,pick]+1 :o made exquisitely ornate suits ( :at we might call full-dress arm\r4 ,colossal cannon 7 made3 two celebrat$ guns may be se51 ! mon/] at ,gh5t1 call$ ,mad ,meg1 & ! huge cannon at ,ed9burgh ,ca/le1 ,mons ,meg1 dat+ f #adgf4 ,^! guns are compos$ ( /eel coils or spirals1 aft]w>ds weld$ into a solid mass in/ead ( be+ ca/4 ,!y are mammo? examples ( ! art ( ! blacksmi? & ! =ge4 ,9 ,g]many cannon 7 made ( bronze1 & ^! 7 simply ca/4 ,cross b[s obta9$ great fav\r 9 ,spa91 ev5 aft] ! arquebuse _h come into use4 ,x 0 consid]$ a saf] weapon to ! "o :o us$ x4 ,an old writ] 9 #afdd rem>ks1 ,x has nev] be5 kn[n t a man's life has be5 lo/ by break+ ! /r+ or cord1 two ?+s :i* are dang]\s1 b n to a consid]able ext5t1444 & he goes on once set1 its %ot is secure1 :i* is n ! case ) ! arquebus1 :i* (t5 misses fire4 ,!re is a lett] f ,ambassador ,salimas to ! ,k+ ( ,hung>y1 9 :i* he says3 ,i w5t to ,balba/ro & !re occupi$ myself 9 mak+ a pair ( cross b[s = y\r ,maje/y4 ,i believe !y w satisfy ! desires :i* 7 requir$444 z y\r ,maje/y is annoy$ :5 !y d n g (f z y wi%4 ,x w\ld seem z ?\gh 8 ,maje/y's annoyance 0 ju/ifiable2 imag9e any "o dep5d5t ^u ! %ot ( a cross b[1 & !n hav+ ! weapon fail to g (f6 ,no?+ c\ld be m disc\rag+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,enamell$ ,,suit ,,( ,,arm\r ,!re is a contempor>y treatise :i* is full ( int]e/1 entitl$1 ,h[ a ,man %all be ,arm$ at 8 ease :5 he %all ,fight on ,foot4 ,x c]ta9ly 0 a good deal ( a contract to r5d] a knight com=table 9 spite ( ! fact t he c\ld see or brea! only imp]fectly1 & 0 weight$ d[n by iron at e po9t4 ,?is complete cov]+ ) metal add$ mu* to ! actual noise ( battle4 ,froiss>t alludes to ! fact t 9 ! battle ( ,rosebeque1 9 #achb1 ! hamm]+ on ! helmets made a noise :i* 0 equal to t ( all ! arm\r]s ( ,p>is & ,brussels work+ toge!r4 ,& yet ! /r5g? ne$$ to sport su* acc\trem5ts seems to h be5 suppli$4 ,leon ,alb]ti ( ,flor5ce1 :5 clad 9 a full suit ( arm\r1 c\ld spr+ ) ease ^u a gallop+ horse1 & x is relat$ t ,aldobr&9i1 ev5 ) 8 "r arm disabl$1 c\ld cleave /raight ?r\gh 8 oppon5t's helmet & head1 d[n to ! coll> bone1 ) a s+le /roke6 ,"o ( ! ri*e/ suits ( arm\r 9 ! _w is to be se5 at ,w9dsor2 x is ( ,italian workman%ip1 & is made ( /eel1 blu$ & gild$1 ) wond]fully m9ute decorations ( damasc5e & applique "w4 ,?is mo/ ornate arm\r 0 made *iefly = %[1 & n = ! field3 = knights to appe> 9 _! (ficial capacity1 & = j\/+ at t\rnam5ts1 :i* 7 practically social ev5ts4 ,9 ! days ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 a *ronicl] tells ( a j\/] :o t\rney$ 9 h>neyse all ( gilt f ! head piece to ! sabattons4 ,_m _h tassels ( f9e gold on _! suits4 ,italian weapons call$ lasqu5ets 7 v deadly4 ,9 a lett] f ,albre*t ,du]] to ,pirckheim]1 he alludes to !m1 z hav+ roncions ) two hundr$ & eighte5 po9ts3 & if !y p9k a man ) any ( ^!1 ! man is dead1 z !y are all poison$4 ,bronze is compos$ ( copp] ) an alloy ( ab\t eight or t5 p] c5t4 ( t94 ,! fus+ ( ^! two metals produces ! br[n glossy sub/ance call$ bronze1 :i* is s diff]5t f ei!r ( !m4 ,! art ( ! bronze ca/] is a v old & int]e/+ "o4 ,! me?od ( proce$+ has v>i$ v little ) ! c5turies4 ,a /atue to be ca/ ei!r 9 silv] or bronze w\ld be treat$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,a g5]al semblance ( ! f9i%$ "w 0 fir/ set up 9 clay2 !n ov] ?is a lay] ( wax 0 laid1 z ?ick z ! f9al bronze 0 int5d$ to be4 ,! wax 0 !n work$ ) tools & by h& until x took on ! exact =m design$ = ! f9i%$ product4 ,!n a cru/ ( clay 0 laid ov] ! wax2 on ?is 7 add$ o!r coat+s ( clay1 until q a ?ick %ell ( clay surr\nd$ ! wax4 ,! :ole 0 !n subject$ to f]v5t heat1 & ! wax all melt$ out1 leav+ a space betwe5 ! core & ! out] %ell4 ,into ?is space ! liquid bronze 0 p\r$1 & aft] x _h cool$ & h>d5$ ! out] %ell 0 brok5 (f1 leav+ ! /atue 9 bronze exactly z ! wax _h be54 ,cell9i relates an exp]i5ce 9 ,p>is1 ) an old man eighty ye>s ( age1 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s bronze ca/]s :om he _h engag$ to assi/ him 9 8 "w = ,francis ,i4 ,some?+ w5t wrong ) ! furnace1 & ! poor old man 0 s upset & got into su* a /ew t he fell ^u ! floor1 & ,b5v5uto pick$ him up fancy+ him to be dead3 ,h[beit1 expla9s ,cell9i1 ,i _h a great beak] ( ! *oice/ w9e br\ght him1444 ,i mix$ a l>ge bump] ( w9e = ! old man1 :o 0 groan+ away l any?+1 & ,i bade him mo/ w9n+-wise to dr9k1 & said3 ',dr9k1 my fa!r1 = 9 yond] furnace has ent]$ 9 a devil1 :o is mak+ all ?is mis*ief1 &1 look y1 we'll j let him bide !re a c\ple ( days1 till he gets jolly well bor$1 & !n w y & ,i toge!r 9 ! space ( ?ree h\rs fir+1 make ?is metal run1 l s mu* batt]1 & )\t any ex]tion at all4' ,! old fell[ drank & !n ,i br\ght him "s little da9ties to eat3 meat pa/ies !y 71 nicely pepp]$1 & ,i made him take d[n f\r full goblets ( w9e4 ,he 0 a man q out ( ! ord9>y1 ?is1 & a mo/ lovable old ?+1 & :at ) my c>esses & ! virtue ( ! w9e1 ,i f\nd him soon moan+ away z mu* ) joy z he _h moan$ be=e ) grief4 ,cell9i display$ 9 ?is incid5t 8 belief 9 ! great pr9ciple t ! arti/ %\ld f9d pleasure 9 8 "w 9 ord] to imp>t to t "w a really satisfactory quality1 & did exactly ! "r ?+ at ! "r m9ute2 in/ead ( tru/+ to a falt]+ ef=t 9 a di%e>t5$ man1 he *e]$ ! old bronze f\nd] up to su* a pit* t aft] a day or two ! "w 0 complet$ ) triumph & joy to bo?4 ,9 ! fam\s /atue ( ,p]seus1 ,cell9i exp]i5c$ mu* difficulty 9 keep+ ! metal liquid4 ,! acc\nt ( ?is ?rill+ exp]i5ce1 told 9 8 mat*less autobiography1 is too long to quote at ?is po9t2 an int]e/+ item1 h[ev]1 %\ld be not$4 ,cell9i us$ pewt] z a solv5t 9 ! bronze :i* _h h>d5$ 9 ! furnace4 ,appreh5d+ t ! cause ( x 01 t ! fusibility ( ! metal 0 impair$1 by ! viol5ce ( ! fire1 he says1 ,i ord]$ all my di%es & porr+]s1 :i* 7 9 numb] ab\t two hundr$1 to be plac$ "o by "o be=e my tubes1 & "p ( !m to be ?r[n into ! furnace1 ^u :i* all pres5t p]ceiv$ t my bronze 0 completely dissolv$1 & t my m\ld 0 fill+1 &1 su* 0 ! relief t ev5 ! loss ( ! entire pewt] s]vice ( ! family 0 su/a9$ ) equanimity2 ! family1 )\t delay1 procur$ e>!n vessels to supply ! place ( ! pewt] di%es & porr+]s1 & we all d9$ toge!r v *e]fully4 ,edgecumb ,/aley1 9 ! ,guilds ( ,flor5ce1 speaks ( ! pewt] fatt5$ ,p]seus3 ?is is wor?y ( ,c>lyle4 ,e>ly ,britons ca/ /atues 9 brass4 ,spe$ tells ( ,k+ ,cadwollo1 :o di$ 9 #fgg1 be+ buri$ at ,/4 ,m>t9's *ur* ne> ,ludgate1 8 image great & t]rible1 triumphantly rid+ on horseback1 artificially ca/ 9 brass1 0 plac$ on ! ,we/]n gate ( ! city1 to ! fur!r fe> & t]ror ( ! ,saxons6 ,9 #aefb ,b>tolomeo ,morel1 :o made ! celebrat$ /atue ( ! ,giralda ,t[] 9 ,seville1 execut$ a fifte5 bran*$ c&elabrum = ! ,ca!dral4 ,x is a ri* ,r5aissance design1 9 rem>kably *a/e & good l9es1 & holds fifte5 /atuettes1 :i* are displac$ to make room = ! c&les only dur+ ! la/ few days ( ,l5t4 ,a curi\s =m ( m$iaeval tr9ket 0 ! p]fume ball2 ?is consi/$ ( a p]=at$ ball ( copp] or brass1 (t5 ornam5t$ ) damasc5e1 & int5d$ to conta9 inc5se to p]fume ! air1 ! balls be+ susp5d$4 ,! e>lie/ metal /atu>y 9 ,engl& 0 r5d]$ 9 latt51 a mix$ metal ( a yell[ col\r1 ! exact recipe = :i* has n surviv$4 ,! recumb5t effigies ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 & ,que5 ,eleanor are made ( latt51 & ! tomb ( ! ,black ,pr9ce 9 ,cant]bury is ! same1 beautifully *as$4 ,_m ( ^! & o!r tombs 7 probably orig9ally cov]$ ) gild+1 pa9t+1 & enamel4 ,! effigies ( ,ri*>d ,,ii4 & 8 que51 ,anne ( ,bohemia1 7 made dur+ ! reign ( ! mon>*2 a contempor>y docum5t /ates t ,sir ,john ,innoc5t paid ano!r "p ( a c]ta9 ind5ture made betwe5 ! ,k+ & ,nicolas ,brok] & ,ge(frey ,pre/1 copp]smi?s ( ,london1 = ! mak+ ( two images1 lik5esses ( ! ,k+ & ,que51 ( copp] & latt51 gild$ ^u ! said m>ble tomb4 ,!re are _m examples ( bronze gates 9 ecclesia/ical ar*itecture4 ,! gates ( ,/4 ,paolo ,fuori le ,mura 9 ,rome 7 made 9 #ajgj1 9 ,con/ant9ople1 by ,/auracius ! ,f\nd]4 ,_m au?orities ?9k t ^? at ,/4 ,m>k's 9 ,v5ice 7 simil>ly produc$4 ,! bronze doors 9 ,rome are compos$ ( fifty-f\r small designs1 n 9 relief1 b ) ! outl9es ( ! subjects inlaid ) silv]4 ,! doors are 9 ,byzant9e ta/e4 ,! bronze doors at ,hilde%eim diff] f ne>ly all o!r su* portals1 9 ! elem5tal pr9ciple ( design4 ,in/ead ( be+ divid$ into small panels1 !y are simply block$ (f into sev5 long horizontal comp>tm5ts on ea* side1 & !n fill$ ) a pictorial arrangem5t ( sep>ate figures2 only ?ree or f\r 9 ea* panel1 widely spac$1 & on a backgr\nd ( v l[ relief4 ,! figures are appli$1 at scatt]$ di/ances ap>t1 & are 9 unusually high modell+1 9 "s cases be+ almo/ deta*$ f ! door4 ,! effect is curi\s & int]e/+ r ?an /rictly beautiful1 on ! :ole2 b 9 detail _m ( ! figures display r>e p[] ( pla/ic skill1 proportion1 & action4 ,!y are1 at any rate1 v individual3 !re are no o!r doors at all l !m4 ,!y are ! "w ( ,bi%op ,b]nw>d4 ,unque/ionably1 "o ( ! greate/ a*ievem5ts 9 bronze ( any age is ! pair ( gates by ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti on ! ,bapti/]y 9 ,flor5ce4 ,tw5ty-"o ye>s 7 devot$ to _! mak+1 by ,ghib]ti & 8 assi/ants1 ) ! /ipulation t all figures 9 ! design 7 to be p]sonal "w ( ! ma/]1 ! assi/ants only att5d+ to second>y details4 ,! doors 7 9 place 9 ,april1 #adbd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,brunelles*i',s ,,competitive ,,panel ,! competition = ! ,bapti/]y doors reads l a romance1 & is famili> to mo/ p :o "k any?+ ( hi/oric art4 ,:5 ! "y ,ghib]ti he>d t ! competition 0 op5 to all1 he det]m9$ to g to ,flor5ce & "w = ! prize2 9 8 own words3 ,:5 my fri5ds wrote to me t ! gov]nors ( ! ,bapti/]y 7 s5d+ = ma/]s ^: skill 9 bronze work+ !y wi%$ to prove1 & t f all ,italian l&s _m mae/ri 7 com+1 to place !mselves 9 ?is /rife ( tal5t1 ,i c\ld no long] =be>1 & ask$ leave ( ,sig4 ,malate/a1 :o let me dep>t4 ,! result ( ! competition is also giv5 9 ,ghib]ti's words3 ,! palm ( victory 0 conc$$ to me by all judges1 & by ^? :o compet$ ) me4 ,univ]sally all ! glory 0 giv5 to me )\t any exception4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ghib]ti',s ,,competitive ,,panel ,symonds consid]s ! fir/ gate a supreme accompli%m5t 9 bronze ca/+1 b criticizes ! o!r1 & usually m admir$ gate1 z ov]/epp+ ! limits t sep>ate sculpture f pa9t+1 by mass+ toge!r figures 9 multitudes at ?ree & sometimes f\r di/ances4 ,he tri$ to make a place 9 bas-relief = p]spective4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds f9ds fault ) ,ghib]ti1 also1 = work+ at v>iance ) ! sev]ity ( sculptural treatm5t1 by di/ribut+ small figures 9 a spaci\s l&scape framework4 ,x 0 n really 9 accordance ) ! limitations ( 8 mat]ial to treat a bronze ca/+ z ,ghib]ti treat$ x1 & 8 example has l$ _m m5 ( inf]ior g5ius a/ray1 al?\gh !re is no use 9 d5y+ t ,ghib]ti himself 0 clev] en\gh to defy ! usual /&>ds & rules4 ,fonts 7 sometimes made 9 bronze4 ,!re is su* a "o at ,liege ca/ by ,lamb]t ,patras1 :i* /&s ^u twelve ox54 ,x is decorat$ ) reliefs f ! ,gospels4 ,?is arti/1 ,patras1 0 a native ( ,d9ant1 & liv$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! bronze font 9 ,hilde%eim is among ! mo/ int]e/+ late ,romanesque examples 9 ,g]many4 ,x is a l>ge deep bas9 entirely cov]$ ) enri*m5t ( ,scriptural sc5es1 & is support$ by f\r kneel+ figures1 typical ( ! f\r ,riv]s ( ,p>adise4 ,! conical cov] is also cov]$ ) ,scriptural sc5es1 & surm\nt$ by a foliate knob4 ,among ! figures ) :i* ! font is cov]$ are ! ,c>d9al ,virtues1 flank$ by _! patron sa9ts4 ,didron consid]s ?is a mo/ important piece ( bronze f an iconographic po9t ( view !ologically & poetically4 ,! ar*aic qualities ( ! figures are fasc9at+ & sometimes div]t+4 ,9 ! sc5e ( ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/ ! wat] is positively tra9$ to fl[ upw>ds 9 pyramidal =m1 9 ord] to rea* ne>ly to ! wai/1 :ile at ei!r side x rec$es to ! gr\nd level aga91--x has an +5u\s & almo/ />tl+ sudd5ness 9 ! ris+ ( its flood6 ,an int]e/+ comm5t ^u ! preval5ce ( e>ly national =ms may be d$uc$1 :5 "o obs]ves t on ! table1 at ! ,la/ ,supp]1 !re lies a p]fectly %ap$ pretzel6 ,! great bronze column con/ruct$ by ,/4 ,b]nw>d at ,hilde%eim has ! ,life ( ,*ri/ repres5t$ 9 consecutive sc5es 9 a spiral =m1 l ^? ornam5t+ ! column ( ,trajan4 ,d[n by ,b]nw>d's grave !re is a spr+ :i* is said to cure cripples & rheumatics4 ,peasants visit ,hilde%eim on sa9ts' days 9 ord] to dr9k ( x1 & frequ5tly1 aft] "o ( ^! visitations1 crut*es are f\nd ab&on$ ne> by4 ,saxony 0 fam\s = its bronze f\nd]s1 & "w 0 s5t =?1 f ?is c\ntry1 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 all ov] ,europe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,font ,,at ,,hilde%eim1 #ab,,? ,,c5tury ,orcagna's tab]nacle at ,or ,san ,mi*ele is1 z ,symonds has express$ x1 a monum5tal jewel1 & an epitome ( ! m9or arts ( m$iaeval ,italy4 ,on x "o sees bas-relief c>v+1 intaglios1 /atuettes1 mosaic1 ! lapid>y's art 9 agate2 enamels1 & gild$ glass1 & yet all 9 good ta/e & h>mony4 ,! sculpture is prop]ly subord9at$ to ! ar*itectonic pr9ciple1 & "o c und]/& h[ x is n only ! "w ( a goldsmi?1 b ( a pa9t]4 ,( all bronze work]s1 p]haps ,pet] ,vis*] is ! be/ kn[n & is c]ta9ly "o ( ! be/ des]v+ ( 8 wide fame4 ,pet] ,vis*] 0 born ab\t ! same "t z ,qu5t9 ,matsys1 betwe5 #adfj & #adgj4 ,he 0 ! mo/ important metal work] 9 ,g]many4 ,he & ,adam ,kraft1 ( :om m5tion w be made :5 we come to deal ) sculptural c>v+1 7 br\ght up toge!r z boys1 & :5 old] boys1 w5t ) "o ano!r on all holidays1 act+ /ill z ?\gh !y 7 appr5tices toge!r4 ,vis*]'s normal expression 0 9 ,go?ic =m4 ,8 fir/ design = ! wond]ful %r9e ( ,/4 ,sebald 9 ,nuremb]g 0 made by him 9 #adhh1 & is /ill pres]v$ 9 ,vi5na4 ,x is a pure late-,go?ic canopy1 & ,i _c help regrett+ t ! execution 0 delay$ until popul> ta/e dem&$ m concession t[>ds ! ,r5aissance1 & x 0 resolv$ 9 #aejg1 to h ! ,%r9e ( ,/4 ,sebald made ( brass4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh ! g5]al l9es cont9ue to hold a ,go?ic semblance1 ! %r9e has _m ,r5aissance features4 ,regret1 h[ev]1 is almo/ morbid1 9 relation to su* a p]fect "w ( art4 ,italian feel+ is evid5t ?r\gh\t1 & ! weal? ( detail 9 figures & foliate =ms is magnific5t4 ,! c5tre ( int]e/ is ! little portrait /atuette ( ,pet] ,vis*] himself1 accord+ to 8 biograph]1 z he look$1 & z he daily w5t ab\t & work$ 9 ! f\ndry4 ,?\gh ,pet] _h n be5 to ,italy himself1 8 son ,h]mann _h visit$ ! hi/oric l&1 & _h br\ght home arti/ic ?+s t he sket*$ & drew1 :i* delight$ 8 old fa!r1 & 7 ( great use to 8 bro!rs4 ,pet] ,vis*] _h ?ree sons1 :o all foll[$ him 9 ! craft4 ,8 work%op mu/ h be5 an ideal in/itution 9 its l9e4 ,"s remnants ( ,go?ic grotesque fancy are to be se5 on ! %r9e1 al?\gh treat$ outw>dly ) ,r5aissance feel+4 ,a reali/ic life-siz$ m\se may be se5 9 "o place1 j z if x _h run out to inspect ! "w2 & ! numb]s ( little tipsy putti :o disport !mselves 9 all attitudes1 9 p]il\s positions on n>r[ l$ges1 are full ( m]ry hum\r4 ,! metal ( ,/4 ,sebald's %r9e is left z x came f ! ca/+1 & owes mu* ( its *>m to ! lack ( fil+1 poli%+1 & po9t+ usual 9 su* monum5ts4 ,! molt5 liv+ expression is reta9$4 ,only ! details & _s ( ! figures are ,r5aissance2 ! ,go?ic plan is h>dly di/urb$1 & ! :ole monum5t is pleas+ 9 proportion4 ,! figures are exquisite1 especially t ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,/atuette ,,( ,,pet] ,,vis*] ,a great ,r5aissance "w 9 ,g]many 0 ! grille ( ! ,ra?aus made = ,nuremb]g by ,pet] ,vis*] ! ,y\ng]4 ,x 0 ( bronze1 ! symmetrical diap]$ =m ( ! op5 "w "p be+ support$ by *a/e & dignifi$ columns ( ! ,cor9?ian ord]4 ,x 0 fir/ design$ by ,pet] ,vis*] ! ,eld]1 & revis$ & *ang$ by ! :ole family aft] ,h]mann's return f ,rome ) 8 ,r5aissance notions4 ,x 0 sold 9 #ahjf to a m]*ant = old metal2 lat] x 0 trac$ to ! s\? ( ,france1 :]e x disappe>$4 ,ano!r fam\s bronze ( ,nuremb]g is ! well-kn[n ,goose ,man f\nta91 by ,lab5wolf4 ,e travell] has se5 ! qua9t half-fooli% little man1 z he /&s !re hold+ 8 two geese :o politely turn away _! heads 9 ord] to produce ! /reams ( wat]6 ,) ! be/ bronzes1 & ) /eel us$ = decorative purposes1 ! orig9al ca/+ has frequ5tly be5 only = g5]al =m1 ! :ole ( ! surface f9i%+ be+ done ) a %ap+ tool1 by h&1 giv+ ! appe>ance ( a c>v+ 9 bronze or /eel4 ,9 ,japanese bronzes ?is is p>ticul>ly felt4 ,! classical bronzes 7 evid5tly p]fect mosaics ( diff]5t col\rs1 9 metal4 ,pl9y tells ( a bronze figure ( a dy+ woman1 :o 0 repres5t$ z hav+ *ang$ col\r at ! extremities1 ! fusion ( ! diff]5t %ades ( bronze be+ disguis$ by anklets1 bracelets1 & a necklace6 ,a curi\s & v disagreeable "w ( art1 we %\ld say4 ,"o sometimes sees 9 antique fragm5ts ivory or silv] eyeballs1 & hair & eyela%es made sep>ately 9 ?9 /rips & coils ( metal2 :ile occasionally ! depression ( ! edge ( ! lips is suffici5t to give rise to ! op9ion t a ?9 v5e] ( copp] 0 appli$ to give col\r4 ,! bronze effigies ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 & ,eleanor1 at ,we/m9/]1 7 ! "w ( a goldsmi?1 ,ma/] ,william ,torel1 & are !re=e f9] 9 quality & are 9 "s respects sup]ior to ! av]age ca/+ 9 bronze4 ,torel work$ at ! palace1 & ! /atues 7 ca/ 9 cire p]due process1 be+ execut$ 9 ! *ur*y>d itself4 ,!y are consid]$ among ! f9e/ bronzes ( ! p]iod extant4 ,gild+ & enamel 7 (t5 us$ 9 bronze effigies4 ,spl5did bronzes1 ca/ ea* 9 a s+le fl[1 are ! recumb5t figures ( two bi%ops at ,ami5s2 !y are ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,rusk9 says3 ,!y are ! only two bronze tombs ( h] m5 ( ! great ages left 9 ,france4 ,an old docum5t speaks ( ! m\lds & imag9es :i* 7 9 use = ca/+ effigy portraits1 9 #acid4 ,ano!r good ,engli% bronze is t ( ,ri*>d ,beau*amp at ,w>wick1 ! "w ( ,?omas ,/ev5s1 :i* has be5 allud$ to4 ,9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ! effigy ( ,aym] de ,val5ce1 dat+ f #abif1 is ( copp]1 b x is n ca/2 x is ( beat5 metal1 & is enamell$1 probably at ,limoges4 ,bells & cannon are among ! objects ( actual utility :i* 7 ca/ 9 bronze4 ,/atues z a rule came lat]4 ,9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies 9 ,engl&1 bronze 0 us$ to su* an ext5t1 t "o au?ority sugge/$ t x %\ld be call$ ! ,age ( ,bronze4 ,primitive bells 7 made ( ca/ iron rivet$ toge!r3 "o ( ^! is at ! ,cologne museum1 & ! ,iri% bells 7 l>gely ( ?is description4 ,a great bell 0 pres5t$ to ! ,ca!dral ( ,*>tres 9 #ajbh1 by a donor nam$ ,jean1 :i* af=ds little clue to 8 p]sonality4 ,?is bell weigh$ ov] two tons4 ,!re is consid]able int]e/ atta*+ to ! subject ( ! mak+ ( bells 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,ev5 9 dome/ic life bells play$ q a "p2 x 0 ! cu/om to r+ a bell :5 ! ba? 0 ready & to ann\nce meals1 z well z to summon ! s]vitors4 ,*ur* bells1 bo? l>ge & small1 7 9 use 9 ,engl& by #fgj1 accord+ to ,b$e4 ,!y 7 also c>ri$ by mission>ies2 ^? good sa9ts1 ,patrick & ,cu?b]t1 ann\nc$ _! com+ l t[n cri]s6 ,! %r9e ( ,/4 ,patrick's bell has be5 already describ$4 ,bells us$ to be reg>d$ ) a sup]/iti\s awe1 & 7 suppos$ to h ! ability to dispel evil spirits1 :i* 7 exorcis$ ) bell1 book1 & c&le4 ,! bell ( ,/4 ,patrick1 inside ! great %r9e1 is compos$ ( two pieces ( %eet iron1 "o ( :i* =ms ! face1 & be+ turn$ ov] ! top1 desc5ds ab\t half-way d[n ! o!r side1 :]e x meets ! second %eet4 ,bo? are b5t along ! edges s z to =m ! sides ( ! bell1 & !y are bo? secur$ by rivets4 ,a rude h&le is simil>ly atta*$ to ! top4 ,a qua9t acc\nt is giv5 by ! ,monk ( ,/4 ,gall ab\t a bell ord]$ by ,*>lemagne4 ,*>lemagne hav+ admir$ ! tone ( a c]ta9 bell1 ! f\nd]1 nam$ ,tan*o1 said to him3 ,"l ,emp]or1 give ord]s t a great weight ( copp] be br\ght to me t ,i may ref9e x1 & in/ead ( t9 give me z mu* silv] z ,i ne$1--a hundr$ p\nds at lea/1--& ,i w ca/ su* a bell = y t ?is w seem dumb 9 comp>ison to x4 ,*>lemagne ord]$ ! requir$ am\nt ( silv] to be s5t to ! f\nd]1 :o 01 h[ev]1 a great knave4 ,he did n use ! silv] at all1 b1 lay+ x aside = 8 own use1 he employ$ t9 z usual 9 ! bell1 kn[+ t x w\ld make a v fair tone1 & c\nt+ on ! ,emp]or's n obs]v+ ! diff]5ce4 ,! ,emp]or 0 glad :5 x 0 ready to be he>d1 & ord]$ x to be hung1 & ! clapp] atta*$4 ,t 0 soon done1 says ! *ronicl]1 & !n ! w>d5 ( ! *ur*1 ! att5dants1 & ev5 ! boys ( ! place1 tri$1 "o aft] ! o!r1 to make ! bell s\nd4 ,b all 0 9 va92 & s at la/ ! knavi% mak] ( ! bell came up1 seiz$ ! rope1 & pull$ at ! bell4 ,:51 lo6 & behold6 d[n f on high came ! braz5 mass2 fell on ! v head ( ! *eat+ brass f\nd]2 kill$ him on ! spot2 & pass$ /raight ?r\gh 8 c>case & cra%$ to ! gr\nd4444 ,:5 ! a=em5tion$ weight ( silv] 0 f\nd1 ,*>les ord]$ x to be di/ribut$ among ! poore/ s]vants ( ! palace4 ,!re is record ( bronze bells 9 ,val5cia z e>ly z #fbb1 & an anci5t mort> 0 f\nd ne> ,monzon1 9 ! ru9s ( a ca/le :i* _h =m]ly belong$ to ! ,arabs4 ,r\nd ! edge ( ?is mort> 0 ! inscription3 ,complete bless+1 & ev] increas+ happ9ess & prosp]ity ( e k9d & an elevat$ & happy social position = its own]4 ,! mort> 0 ri*ly ornam5t$4 ,at ,croyl&1 ,abbot ,egebric caus$ to be made two great bells :i* he nam$ ,b>?olomew & ,be!lmus1 two ( middle size1 call$ ,turketul & ,tatwyn1 & two less]1 ,pega & ,bega4 ,also at ,croyl& 7 plac$ two little bells :i* ,f]gus ! brass work] ( ,/4 ,botolph's _h lately giv51 9 ! *ur* t[]1 until bett] times1 :5 ! monks express$ a hope t !y %\ld improve all _! build+s & appo9tm5ts4 ,oil t dropp$ f ! framework on :i* *ur* bells 7 hung 0 reg>d$ 9 ,flor5ce z a panacea = v>i\s ailm5ts4 ,p :o suff]$ f c]ta9 compla9ts 7 rubb$ ) ?is oil1 & fully believ$ t x help$ !m4 ,! curfew bell 0 a fam\s in/itution2 b ! "n 0 n orig9ally appli$ to ! bell itself4 ,?is leads to ano!r curi\s bit ( dome/ic metal4 ,! popul> idea ( a curfew is t ( a bell2 a bell 0 und\bt$ly rung at ! curfew h\r1 & 0 call$ by its "n2 b ! actual curfew 7or c\vre feu7 0 an article made ( copp]1 %ap$ n unlike a deep bl[]1 :i* 0 us$ 9 ord] to ext+ui% ! fire :5 ! bell rang4 ,!re are a few specim5s 9 ,engl& ( ^! curi\s cov]s3 !y /ood ab\t t5 to fifte5 in*es high1 ) a h&le at ! top1 & clos$ 9 on ?ree sides1 op5 at ! back4 ,! emb]s 7 %ovell$ close to ! back ( ! he>?1 & ! curfew1 ) ! op5 side aga9/ ! back ( ! *imney1 0 plac$ ov] !m1 ?us exclud+ all air4 ,horace ,walpole own$1 at ,/rawb]ry ,hill1 a fam\s old curfew1 9 copp]1 elaborately decorat$ ) v9es & ! ,york rose4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,copp] ,,curfew ,illu/ration3 ,,sanctu>y ,,knock]1 ,,durham ,,ca!dral ,! ,sanctu>y knock] at ,durham ,ca!dral is an important example ( bronze "w1 probably ( ! same age z ! ,ca!dral door on :i* x is fa/5$4 ,!y bo? date f ab\t ! elev5? c5tury4 ,ev] s9ce #gdj1 9 ! ,episcopate ( ,cynewulf1 crim9als 7 all[$ to claim ,sanctu>y 9 ,durham4 ,:5 ?is knock] 0 s\nd$1 ! door 0 op5$1 by two port]s :o _h _! accommodations always 9 two little *amb]s ov] ! door1 & = a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t ! crim9al 0 "u ! protection ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 speak+ ( ! prop]ties ( lead1 ! old ,engli% ,b>?olomew says3 ,( uncleanness ( impure brim/one1 lead ha? a mann] ( ne%ness1 & smir*e? 8 h& :o t\*e? x444 a man may wipe (f ! uncleanness1 b always x is lead1 al?\gh x seeme? silv]4 ,wea!r vanes1 made (t5 ( lead1 7 sometimes q elaborate4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important pieces ( lead "w 9 art is ! figure ( an angel on ! *ewet ( ,/e4 ,*apelle 9 ,p>is4 ,orig9ally ?is figure 0 int5d$ to be s controll$ by clockwork t x w\ld turn ar\nd once 9 ! c\rse ( ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 s t 8 attitude ( b5$iction %\ld be direct$ to all f\r qu>t]s ( ! city2 b ?is 0 n practicable1 & ! angel is /ation>y4 ,! cock on ! wea!r vane at ,w9*e/] 0 describ$ z e>ly z ! t5? c5tury1 9 ! ,life ( ,/4 ,s)91 by ! scribe ,wal/an4 ,he calls x a cock ( elegant =m1 & all respl5d5t & %9+ ) gold :o occupies ! summit ( ! t[]4 ,he reg>ds ! _w f on high1 he comm&s all ! c\ntry4 ,be=e him ext5d ! />s ( ! ,nor?1 & all ! con/ellations ( ! zodiac4 ,"u 8 sup]b feet he holds ! sceptre ( ! law1 & he sees "u him all ! p ( ,w9*e/]4 ,! o!r cocks are humble subjects ( ?is "o1 :om !y see ?us rais$ 9 mid-air above !m3 he scorns ! w9ds1 t br+ ! ra9s1 &1 turn+1 he pres5ts to !m 8 back4 ,! t]rible ef=ts ( ! tempe/ d n annoy him1 he receives ) c\rage ei!r sn[ or lightn+1 alone he wat*es ! sun z x sets & dips into ! ocean3 & x is he :o gives x its fir/ salute on its ris+ aga94 ,! travell] :o sees him af> (f1 fixes on him 8 gaze2 =gett+ ! road he has /ill to foll[1 he =gets 8 fatigues3 he advances ) r5ew$ ard\r4 ,:ile he is 9 reality a long way f ! end1 8 eyes deceive him1 & he ?9ks t he has arriv$4 ,q a practical tribute to a wea!r cock6 ,! fact t lead5 ro(s 7 plac$ on all *ur*es & mona/ic build+s 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 acc\nts 9 "p = _! utt] de/ruction 9 case ( fire2 = x is easy to see h[ impossible x w\ld be to ent] a build+ 9 ord] to save any?+1 if1 to ! t]ror ( flames1 7 add$ ! horror ( a lead5 %[] ( molt5 metal proce$+ f e "p ( ! ro( at once6 ,if a *ur* once caught fire1 t 0 its end1 z a rule4 ,! inv5tion ( clocks1 on ! pr9ciple ( cog-:eels & weights1 is attribut$ to a monk1 nam$ ,g]b]t1 :o di$ 9 #ajac4 ,he _h be5 in/ructor to ,k+ ,rob]t1 & 0 made ,bi%op ( ,rheims1 lat] becom+ ,pope ,sylve/] ,,ii4 ,clocks at fir/ 7 l>ge affairs 9 public places4 ,portable clocks 7 said to h be5 fir/ made by ,c>ovage1 9 #adhj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anglo ,,saxon ,,crucifix ,,( ,,lead ,an int]e/+ specim5 ( m$iaeval clock "w is ! old ,dijon "t keep]1 :i* /ill p]=ms its (fice1 & :i* is a privilege to wat* at high noon4 ,twelve times ! bell is /ruck3 fir/ by a man1 :o turns decor\sly ) 8 hamm]1 & !n by a woman1 :o does ! same4 ,?is /aun* c\ple h work$ = _! liv+ = _m c5turies4 ,froiss>t alludes to ?is clock1 say+3 ,! ,duke ( ,burgundy caus$ to be c>ri$ away f ! m>ket place at ,c\rtray a clock t /ruck ! h\rs1 "o ( ! f9e/ :i* c\ld be f\nd on ei!r side ( ! sea3 & he convey$ x by pieces 9 c>ts1 & ! bell also1 :i* clock 0 br\ght & c>t$ into ! t[n ( ,dijon1 9 ,burgundy1 :]e x 0 deposit$ & put up1 & !re /rikes ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs betwe5 day & night4 ,?is 0 9 #achb1 & !re is no kn[+ h[ long ! clock may h p]=m$ its functions 9 ,c\rtray prior to its removal to ,dijon4 ,! great clock at ,nuremb]g %[s a procession ( ! ,sev5 ,electors1 :o come out ( "o door1 pass 9 front ( ! ?rone1 ea* turn+ & do+ obeisance1 & pass on ?r\gh ano!r door4 ,x is q impos+1 at noon1 to wat* ?is procession repeat$ twelve times4 ,! clock is call$ ! ,mannle9lauff54 ,9 ! ,/atutes ( ,francis ,i41 !re is a clause /at+ t clockmak]s z well z goldsmi?s 7 au?oriz$ to employ 9 _! "w gold1 silv]1 & all o!r mat]ials4 ,9 ,wells ,ca!dral is a curi\s clock1 on :i* is a figure ( a mon>*1 l ,*>les ,i41 seat$ above ! bell1 :i* he kicks ) 8 heels :5 ! h\r comes r\nd4 ,he is popul>ly kn[n z ,jack ,bl&iv]4 ,?is clock came orig9ally f ,gla/onbury4 ,on ! h\r a little t\rnam5t takes place1 a race ( little m\nt$ knights ru%+ out 9 circles & *>g+ ea* o!r vigor\sly4 ,pug9 regrets ! mean+less designs us$ by e>ly ,victorian clock mak]s4 ,he calls att5tion to ! fact t x is n unusual to ca/ a ,roman w>rior 9 a fly+ *>iot1 r\nd "o ( ! :eels ( :i* on close inspection ! h\rs may be descri$2 or ! :ole front ( a ca!dral *ur* r$uc$ to a few in*es 9 height1 ) ! clock face occupy+ ! position ( a magnific5t rose w9d[6 ,?is is n ov]drawn2 ta/e has suff]$ _m vicissitudes 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 b we hope t ! future w hold m beauty = u 9 ! famili> articles ( ! h\sehold ?an h prevail$ at "s p]iods 9 ! pa/4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,tape/ry ,a /udy ( textiles is (t5 subdivid$ into tape/ry1 c>pet-weav+1 me*anical weav+ ( fabrics ( a light] weight1 & embroid]y4 ,^! head+s are useful to obs]ve 9 our rese>*es 9 ! m$iaeval processes connect$ ) ! loom & ! ne$le4 ,tape/ry1 z we popul>ly ?9k ( x1 9 great rectangul> wall-hang+s ) r florid figures f ,scriptural sc5es1 commonly dates f ! sixte5? c5tury or lat]1 s t x is out ( our scope to /udy its manufacture on an ext5sive scale4 ,b !re are e>li] tape/ries1 mu* m re/ra9$ 9 design1 & m int]e/+ & frequ5tly m beautiful4 ,( ^! e>li] works !re is less pr(usion1 = ! examples are r>e & preci\s1 & seldom come into ! m>ket n[adays4 ,! lat] looms 7 ( c\rse m prolific z ! te*nical facilities increas$4 ,b a /udy ( ! craft z x began gives "o all t is necess>y = a prop] appreciation ( ! art ( tape/ry weav+4 ,! e>lie/ ,european "w ) :i* we h to conc]n ourselves is ! ,bayeux tape/ry4 ,al?\gh ?is is really ne$lework1 x is usually treat$ z tape/ry1 & !re seems to be no special reason = dep>t+ f ! cu/om4 ,"s au?orities /ate t ! ,bayeux tape/ry 0 made by ! ,empress ,matilda1 daught] ( ,h5ry ,i41 :ile o!rs consid] x ! a*ievem5t ( ,que5 ,matilda1 ! wife ( ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,%e is record$ to h sat quietly await+ h] "l's com+ :ile %e embroid]$ ?is qua9t s\v5ir ( 8 pr[ess 9 conque/4 ,a v]itable m$iaeval ,p5elope1 x is claim$ t %e direct$ h] ladies 9 ?is "w1 :i* is ?or\ghly ,saxon 9 feel+ & co/um+4 ,x is und\bt$ly ! mo/ int]e/+ rema9+ piece ( ne$lework ( ! elev5? c5tury1 & x w\ld be delightful if "o c\ld believe ! leg5d ( its con/ruction4 ,its attribution to ,que5 ,matilda is v g5]ally d\bt$ by ^? :o h devot$ mu* ?\ght to ! subject4 ,mr4 ,frank ,r$e ,f[ke gives x z 8 op9ion1 bas$ on a numb] ( argum5ts too long to quote 9 ?is place1 t ! tape/ry 0 n made by ,que5 ,matilda1 b 0 ord]$ by ,bi%op ,odo z an ornam5t = ! nave ( ,bayeux ,ca!dral1 & 0 execut$ by ,norman craftsm5 9 t city4 ,dr4 ,rock also fav\rs ! !ory t x 0 work$ by ord] ( ,bi%op ,odo4 ,odo 0 a bro!r ( ,william ! ,conqu]or & might easily h be5 int]e/$ 9 pres]v+ s important a record ( ! ,battle ( ,ha/+s4 ,dr4 ,rock /ates t ! tradition t ,que5 ,matilda execut$ ! tape/ry did n arise at all until #agcj4 ,! "w is on l951 execut$ 9 wor/$s4 ,f[ke gives ! l5g? z two hundr$ & ?irty feet1 :ile x is only n9ete5 in*es wide1--a long n>r[ /rip ( embroid]y1 9 _m col\rs on a cream :ite gr\nd4 ,9 all1 !re are six hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree figures1 besides two hundr$ horses & dogs1 five hundr$ & five animals1 ?irty-sev5 build+s1 =ty-"o %ips1 =ty-n9e trees1 mak+ 9 all ! a/oni%+ numb] ( "o ?\s& five hundr$ & twelve objects6 ,! col\rs are 9 v>y+ %ades ( blue1 gre51 r$ & yell[ wor/$4 ,! col\rs are us$ z a *ild employs crayons2 j z !y come to h&4 ,:5 a ne$leful ( "o ?read 0 us$ up1 ! next 0 tak51 app>5tly q irrespective ( ! col\r or %ade4 ,?us1 a gre5 horse w be se5 /&+ on r$ legs1 & a r$ horse w sport a blue /ock+6 ,mr4 ,j4 ,l4 ,hayes believes t ^! v>icol\r$ animals are plann$ purposely3 t two legs ( a gre5 horse are r5d]$ 9 r$ on ! fur!r side1 to indicate p]spective1 ! same pr9ciple acc\nt+ = two blue legs on a yell[ horse6 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail1 ,,bayeux ,,tape/ry ,! build+s are drawn 9 a v primitive way1 )\t consid]ation = size or proportion4 ,! solid "p ( ! embroid]y is c\*$ on1 :ile mu* ( ! "w is only r5d]$ 9 outl9e4 ,b ! spirit$ little figures are full ( action1 & sugge/ ^? 9 ! celebrat$ ,utre*t ,psalt]4 ,sometimes "o figure w be z high z ! :ole wid? ( ! mat]ial1 :ile aga91 ! p w be t9y4 ,9 ! sc5e repres5t+ ! burial ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ! ro( ( ! *ur* is sev]al in*es l[] ?an ! bi] :i* is borne on ! %\ld]s ( m5 ne>ly z tall z ! t[]6 ,! naive treatm5t ( details is delici\s4 ,h>old1 :5 ab\t to emb>k1 /eps ) b>e legs into ! tide3 ! wat] is laid out 9 ! =m ( a hill ( waves1 9 ord] to indicate t x gets deep] lat] on4 ,x might s]ve z an illu/ration ( ! ,r$ ,sea hump+ up = ! b5efit ( ! ,israelites6 ,! curi\s little /unt$ figure ) a bald head1 9 ! gr\p ( ! conf]5ce ( mess5g]s1 w\ld appe> to be an abortive attempt to portray a p]son at "s di/ance--he is drawn mu* small] ?an ! o!rs to sugge/ t he is q out ( he>+6 ,?is seems to h be5 ! only attempt at r5d]+ ! s5se ( p]spective4 ,!n comes a my/]i\s little lady 9 a k9d ( %r9e1 to :om a cl]k is mak+ curi\s advances2 to ! casual obs]v] x w\ld appe> t ! g5tleman is patt+ h] on ! *eek1 b we are in=m$ by ,?i]ry t ?is repres5ts an embroid]ess1 & t ! cl]k is 9 ! act ( ord]+ ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry itself6 ,conjecture is swamp$ conc]n+ ! real int5tion ( ?is gr\p1 & no c]ta9 diagnosis has ev] be5 pron\nc$6 ,! ,c\ntess ( ,wilton sees 9 ?is gr\p a female 9 a sort ( por*1 ) a cl]gyman 9 ! act ( pron\nc+ a b5$iction ^u h]6 ,e "o to 8 ta/e4 ,a little f>!r on !re is ano!r unexpla9$ figure3 t ( a man ) 8 feet cross$1 sw++ joy\sly on a rope f ! top ( a t[]4 ,soon aft] ! ,cr[n+ ( ,h>old1 may be se5 a cr[d ( p gaz+ at an a/ronomic ph5om5on :i* has be5 describ$ by an old *ronicl] z a hairy />4 ,x is record$ z a blaz+ />re su* z nev] appe>s b z a progno/ic ( aft]claps1 & aga91 z dreadful to be se51 ) bl\die haires1 & all ov] r\gh & %agg$ at ! top4 ,ano!r au?or complac5tly expla9s t comets 7 made to ! end t ! e!real regions might n be m void ( mon/]s ?an ! ocean is ( :ales & o!r great ?iev+ fi%6 ,a v lit]al int]pretation ( ?is hairy /> has be5 "h embroid]$1 c>efully fitt$ out ) cog-:eels & all ! p>aph]nalia ( a conv5tional m$iaeval comet4 ,9 ! sc5es deal+ ) ! prep>ation ( ! army & ! arrangem5t ( _! food1 !re occurs ! lassoo+ ( an ox2 ! am\nt ( action conc5trat$ 9 ?is gr\p is really wond]ful4 ,! ox1 spr++ cle> ( ! gr\nd1 ) all 8 legs ga!r$ up "u him1 turns 8 horn$ head1 :i* is set on an unduly long neck1 = ! purpose ( inspect+ 8 pursu]s4 ,no bett] orig9 = ! anci5t tradition ( ! c[ :o jump$ ov] ! moon c\ld be adduc$4 ,& :at %all we say ( ! acrobatic antics ( ,le(w9e & ,gyr? :5 meet+ _! dea?s 9 battle8 ,^! w>riors are turn+ elaborate h&spr+s 9 _! la/ mom5ts1 :ile horses are repres5t$ z p]=m+ su* som]saults t !y are practically inv]t$4 ,9 ! bord] ( ?is "p ( ! tape/ry1 soldi]s are se5 /ripp+ (f ! coats ( mail f ! dead w>riors on ! battle-field2 ?is !y d by turn+ ! tunic inside out & pull+ x (f at ! head1 & ! result+ attitudes ( ! victims are qua9t & reali/ic 9 ! extreme6 ,! bord] has be5 appropriately describ$ z a lay] ( dead m54 ,9 ! t5? & elev5? c5turies "o ( ! regul> petitions 9 ! ,litany 0 ,f ! fury ( ! ,normans ,good ,"l ,deliv] u4 ,! ,bayeux ,tape/ry 0 designat$1 9 #agdf1 z ! noble/ monum5t 9 ! _w relat+ to our old ,engli% ,hi/ory4 ,x has pass$ ?r\gh mo/ try+ vicissitudes1 hav+ be5 us$ 9 w> "t z a canvas cov]+ to a transport wagon1 among o!r exp]i5ces4 ,= c5turies ?is preci\s treasure 0 neglect$ & n und]/ood4 ,9 8 ,t\r ,m4 ,duc>el /ates3 ,! prie/s444 to :om we address$ ourselves = a sight ( ?is rem>kable piece ( antiquity1 knew no?+ ( x2 ! circum/ance only ( its be+ annually hung up 9 _! *ur* l$ !m to und]/& :at we want$1 no p]son !n kn[+ t ! object ( our inquiries any ways relat$ to ! ,conqu]or4 ,?is 0 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,anglo-,saxon wom5 sp5t mu* ( _! "t 9 embroid]+4 ,edi?1 ,que5 ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 0 q not$ = h] ne$lework1 :i* 0 sometimes us$ to decorate ! /ate robes ( ! k+4 ,=m]ly !re exi/$ at ,ely ,ca!dral a "w v l ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry1 record+ ! de$s ( ! h]oic ,brihtno?1 ! ,ea/ ,saxon1 :o 0 sla9 9 #iia1 fight+ ! ,dani% =ces4 ,8 wife r5d]$ 8 hi/ory 9 ne$lework1 & pres5t$ x to ,ely4 ,unhappily !re are no rema9s ( ?is int]e/+ monum5t n[ exi/+4 ,! ne>e/ ?+ to ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry 9 g5]al texture & /yle is p]haps a twelf? c5tury "w 9 ! ,ca!dral at ,g]ona1 a little ov] f\r y>ds squ>e1 :i* is work$ 9 crewels on l951 & is ornam5t$ ) sc5es ( an ,ori5tal & primitive "*1 tak5 ma9ly f ! /ory ( ,g5esis4 ,^! tape/ries come "u ! head ( ne$lework4 ,! tape/ries made on looms proce$ ^u a diff]5t pr9ciple1 & are wov5 in/ead ( embroid]$4 ,two k9ds ( looms 7 us$ "u v>y+ conditions 9 diff]5t places2 high w>p looms1 or ,haute ,lisse1 & l[ w>p looms1 kn[n z ,basse ,lisse4 ,! g5]al me?od ( mak+ tape/ries on a high w>p loom has be5 mu* ! same = _m c5turies4 ,! w>p is /ret*$ v]tically 9 two sets1 e o!r ?read be+ fir/ =w>d & !n back 9 ! sett+4 ,m4 ,lacordaire1 late ,director ( ! ,gobel9s1 writes z foll[s3 ,! workman takes a sp9dle fill$ ) wor/$ or silk444 he /ops (f ! weft ?read & fa/5s x to ! w>p1 to ! left ( ! space to be occupi$ by ! col\r he has 9 h&2 !n1 by pass+ 8 left h& betwe5 ! back & ! front ?reads1 he sep>ates ^? t are to be cov]$ ) col\rs2 ) 8 "r h&1 hav+ pass$ x ?r\gh ! same ?reads1 he rea*es to ! left side1 = ! sp9dle :i* he br+s back to ! "r2 8 left h&1 !n1 seiz+ hold ( ! w>p1 br+s ! back ?reads to ! front1 :ile ! "r h& ?ru/s ! sp9dle back to ! po9t :5ce x />t$4 ,:5 a new col\r is to be introduc$1 ! arti/ takes a new %uttle4 ,he fa/5s 8 ?read on ! wrong side ( ! tape/ry 7! side on :i* he works7 & repeats ! process j describ$ on ! /r+s /ret*$ up & d[n be=e him1 l h>p /r+s2 ! "w is comm5c$ at ! l[] "p1 & work$ upw>ds1 s t1 :5 ?is /rictly h& weav+ is accompli%$1 x may be cr[d$ d[n into place by means ( a k9d ( ivory comb1 s adju/$ t ! tee? fit betwe5 ! w>p ?reads4 ,9 tape/ry weav+1 ! w>p c\ld be ( any inf]ior b /rong ?read1 =1 by ! nature ( ! "w1 only ! wo( 0 visible1 ! w>p be+ q hidd5 & incorporat$ into ! texture "u ! close ly+ /it*es :i* met & dove-tail$ ov] x4 ,! work] on a l[ loom does n see ! "r side ( ! "w at all1 unless he lifts ! loom1 :i* is a difficult und]tak+4 ,on a high loom1 x is only necess>y = ! work] to g ar\nd to ! front 9 ord] to see exactly :at he is do+4 ,! design is put bel[ ! "w1 h[ev]1 9 a l[ loom1 & ! "w is ?us practically trac$ z ! tape/ry proce$s4 ,on acc\nt ( ! limitations ( ! human arm 9 rea*+1 ! l[ w>p tape/ry requires m seams ?an does t made on ! haute lisse loom1 ! pieces be+ individually small]4 ,"o :ole division ( ! workm5 9 tape/ry e/abli%m5ts us$ to be kn[n z ! f9e draw]s1 ^: :ole duty 0 to jo9 ! diff]5t pieces toge!r1 & also to repair worn tape/ries1 ins]t+ new /it*es = re/orations4 ,tape/ry repair+ 0 a necess>y craft2 at ,rheims "s tape/ries 7 re/or$ by ,jacquemire de ,b]g]es2 ^! hang+s _h be5 mu* damag$ by dogs1 rats1 mice1 & o!r bea/s4 ,x is n /at$ :]e !y _h be5 hung6 ,high w>p looms h be5 kn[n 9 ,europe c]ta9ly s9ce ! n9? c5tury4 ,!re is an ord] extant1 f ! ,bi%op ( ,aux]re1 :o di$ 9 #hdj1 = "s c>pets = 8 *ur*4 ,9 #hij ! monks ( ,saumur 7 manufactur+ tape/ries4 ,beautiful textiles _h be5 us$ to ornam5t ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,d5is z e>ly z #fcj1 b !re is no pro( t ^! 7 actually tape/ries4 ,!re is a leg5d t 9 #gcb a tape/ry e/abli%m5t exi/$ 9 ! di/rict betwe5 ,t\rs & ,poiti]s4 ,at ,beauvais1 too1 ! weav]s ( arras 7 settl$ at ! "t ( ! ,norman ravages4 ,k+ ,dagob]t 0 a m$iaeval patron ( arts 9 ,france4 ,he _h ! walls ( ,/4 ,d5is 7:i* he built7 hung ) ri* tape/ries set ) pe>ls & wr\ght ) gold4 ,at ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,flor5t1 at ,saumur 9 #ihe1 ! monks wove tape/ries1 us+ floral & animal =ms 9 _! designs4 ,at ,poiti]s !re 0 q a fl\ri%+ factory z e>ly z #ajbe4 ,tape/ry 0 probably fir/ made 9 ,france1 to any consid]able ext5t1 !n1 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,! hi/orian ( ! mona/]y ( ,saumur tells u an int]e/+ incid5t 9 connection ) ! works !re4 ,! ,abbot ( ,/4 ,flor5t _h plac$ a magnific5t ord] = curta9s1 canopies1 hang+s1 b5* cov]s1 & o!r ornam5ts1444 & he caus$ to be1 made two pieces ( tape/ry ( l>ge size & admirable quality1 repres5t+ elephants4 ,:ile ^! 7 ab\t to be comm5c$1 ! a=esaid abbot 0 call$ away on a j\rney4 ,! ecclesia/ic :o rema9$ issu$ a comm& t ! tape/ries %\ld be made ) a wo( diff]5t f t :i* !y habitually us$4 ,well1 said !y1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! good abbot we w n discont9ue our employm5t2 b z y ?w>t u1 we %all make q a diff]5t k9d ( fabric4 ,s !y delib]ately set to "w to make squ>e c>pets ) silv] lions on a r$ gr\nd1 ) a r$ & :ite bord] ( v>i\s animals6 ,abbot ,william 0 =tunately pleas$ ) ! result1 & us$ lions int]*angeably ) elephants !reaft] 9 8 decorations4 ,at ! n9? c5tury tape/ry manufactory 9 ,poiti]s1 an amus+ correspond5ce took place betwe5 ! ,c\nt ( ,poit\ & an ,italian bi%op1 9 #ajbe4 ,poit\ 0 at t "t not$ = its f9e bre$ ( mules4 ,! ,italian bi%op wrote to ask ! c\nt to s5d him "o mule & "o tape/ry1--z he express$ x1 bo? equally m>vell\s4 ,! c\nt repli$ ) _s3 ,i _c s5d y :at y ask1 because = a mule to m]it ! epi!t m>vell\s1 he w\ld h to h horns1 or ?ree tails1 or five legs1 & ?is ,i %\ld n be able to f9d4 ,i %all h to cont5t myself ) s5d+ y ! be/ t ,i c procure6 ,9 #iib ! ,abbey ( ,croyl&1 9 ,engl&1 own$ two l>ge foot clo?s wov5 ) lions1 to be laid be=e ! high alt> on great fe/ivals1 & two %ort] ones trail$ all ov] ) fl[]s1 = ! fea/ days ( ! ,apo/les4 ,"u ,*ur* auspices 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 ! tape/ry indu/ry rose to its mo/ spl5did p]fection4 ,:5 ! secul> looms 7 />t$1 ! orig9al beauty ( ! "w 0 reta9$ = a consid]able "t2 9 ! t5? c5tury ,g]man craftsm5 work$ z individuals1 indep5d5tly ( ,guilds or organizations4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! "w 0 9 a fl\ri%+ condition 9 ,france1 :]e bo? looms 7 9 use4 ,! upright loom is /ill us$ at ! ,gobel9 factory4 ,z an adjunct to ! /a9$ glass w9d[s 9 *ur*es1 !re nev] 0 a texture m h>moni\s ?an good m$iaeval tape/ry4 ,9 #abfj ! be/ tape/ries 9 ,france 7 made by ! ,*ur* exclusively2 9 #adfa ,k+ ,r5e ( ,anj\ bequea!d a magnific5t tape/ry 9 tw5ty-sev5 subjects repres5t+ ! ,apocalypse1 to ! *ur* ( ,monsieur ,/4 ,maurice1 at ,ang]s4 ,al?\gh tape/ry 0 made 9 l>g] quantities dur+ ! ,r5aissance1 ! m$iaeval designs are bett] adapt$ to ! mat]ial4 ,! royal *amb]s ( ! ,k+s ( ,engl& 7 hung ) tape/ry1 & x 0 ! designat$ duty ( ! ,*amb]la9 to see to su* adornm5t4 ,9 #abid !re is m5tion ( a special arti/ 9 tape/ry1 :o liv$ ne> ,w9*e/]2 8 "n 0 ,sewald1 & he 0 fur!r kn[n z le tap5yr1 :i*1 accord+ to ,m4 ,g4 ,?omson1 signifies tape/ri]4 ,"o is l$ to believe t tape/ries 7 us$ z *ur* adornm5ts be=e !y 7 introduc$ into dwell+s2 = x 0 said1 :5 ,que5 ,eleanor ( ,ca/ile _h h] b$room hung ) tape/ries1 t x 0 l a *ur*4 ,at ,we/m9/]1 a writ] ( #afca alludes to ! clo?s ( ,arras :i* adorn ! *oir4 ,sets ( tape/ries to hang entire ap>tm5ts 7 kn[n z ,hall+s4 ,among ! tape/ries :i* belong$ to ,*>les ,v4 0 "o work$ ) t[]s1 fall[ bucks & does1 to put ov] ! ,k+'s boat4 ,among e>ly record$ tape/ries are ^? m5tion$ 9 ! inv5tory ( ,philip ! ,bold1 9 #adjd1 :ile t ( ,philip ! ,good tells ( 8 specim5s1 9 #adbj4 ,no?+ c well be imag9$ m *>m+ ?an ! description ( a tape/ri$ *amb] 9 #adah2 ! room be+ f9i%$ 9 :ite 0 decorat$ ) p>oquets & damsels play+ h>ps4 ,?is "w 0 accompli%$ = ! ,du*ess ( ,bav>ia by ! tape/ry mak]1 ,jean ( ,flor5ce4 ,fl&]s tape/ry 0 fam\s 9 ! twelf? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,arras p>ticul>ly 0 ! t[n celebrat$ = ! beauty ( its "w4 ,?is fam\s manufactory 0 f\nd$ prior to #acej1 z !re is m5tion ( "w ( t p]iod4 ,be=e ! t[n became kn[n z ,arras1 :ile x /ill reta9$ its orig9al "n1 ,nom5ticum1 ! weav]s 7 fam\s :o work$ !re4 ,9 #bhb ,a4 ,d4 ! wov5 cloaks ( ,nom5ticum 7 spok5 ( by ,flavius ,vopiscus4 ,! e>lie/ record ( g5u9e ,arras tape/ry occurs 9 an ord] f ! ,c\ntess ( ,artois 9 #acac1 :5 %e directs h] receiv] de faire faire six tapis a ,arras4 ,among ! craftsm5 at ,arras 9 #achi 0 a ,s>ac51 nam$ ,jehan de ,croisetes1 & 9 #acgh !re 0 a work] by ! "n ( ,huw>t ,wallois4 ,sev]al ( its workm5 emigrat$ to ,lille1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 among !m "o ,simon ,lam\ry & ano!r1 ,jehan de ,raus>t4 ,9 #adai ! ,c\ncil ,*amb] ( ,ypres 0 ornam5t$ ) spl5did tape/ries by ,francois de ,we*t]1 :o design$ !m1 & _h !m execut$ by ,arras workm54 ,! ,van ,eycks & ,meml9c also design$ tape/ries1 & !re is no d\bt t ! art w\ld h cont9u$ to %[ a m consi/5t reg>d = ! dem&s ( ! mat]ial if ,raphael _h nev] execut$ 8 brilliant c>toons4 ,! ef=t to be ,raphaelesque ru9$ ! effect ( _m a noble piece ( te*nique1 aft] t4 ,9 #acjb a body ( t5 craftsm5 =m$ a ,corporation 9 ,p>is4 ,! names ( sev]al workm5 at ,lille h be5 h&$ d[n to u4 ,9 #acah ,jehan ,orghet is record$1 & 9 #acfh1 ,willaume1 a high-w>p work]4 ,p5alties = false "w 7 extreme4 ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n work]s 9 ,france 0 ,bataille1 :o 0 closely foll[$ by "o ,d\rda94 ,illu/ration3 ,,flemi% ,,tape/ry1 ,,! ,,prodigal ,,son ,a fam\s ,arras tape/ry 0 made 9 #achf by a weav] ( ! "n ( ,mi*el ,b]n>d4 ,x measur$ ov] two hundr$ & eighty-five squ>e y>ds1 & repres5t$ ! battle ( ,roosebecke4 ,at ?is "t a tape/ry work] liv$1 nam$ ,jehanne ,aghehe1 "o ( ! fir/ atte/$ wom5's names 9 connection ) ?is art4 ,9 ! ,treasury ( ! *ur* ( ,d\ai !re is m5tion ( ?ree cu%ions made ( high loom tape/ry pres5t$ 9 #achf by la demoiselle ,englise4 ,x is n kn[n :o ?is "y lady may h be54 ,france & ,fl&]s made ! mo/ desirable tape/ries 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 ,italy ! art _h little vogue until ! fifte5?4 ,v little tape/ry 0 made 9 ,spa9 9 ! ,middle ,ages1--! e>lie/ well kn[n mak] 0 nam$ ,guti]rez1 9 ! "t ( ,philip ,,iv4 ,! picture by ,velasquez1 kn[n z ,! ,weav]s1 repres5ts ! int]ior ( 8 manufactory4 ,a table clo? 9 m$iaeval times 0 call$ a c>pett3 ^! 7 (t5 v ornate1 & x is useful to "k t _! use 0 n = floor cov]+1 = ! inv5tories (t5 m5tion c>petts work$ ) pe>ls & silv] tissue1 :i* w\ld h be5 s+ul>ly inappropriate4 ,! ,arabs introduc$ ! art ( c>pet weav+ into ,spa94 ,an ,ori5tal1 ,edrisi1 writ+ 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 says t su* c>pets 7 made at t "t 9 ,alicante1 z c\ld n be produc$ else:]e1 ow+ to c]ta9 qualities 9 bo? air & wat] :i* greatly b5efit$ ! wool us$ 9 _! manufacture4 ,9 ! ,travels ( ,jean ,lagrange1 ! au?or says t all c>pets ( ,smyrna & ,c>amania are wov5 by wom54 ,z soon z a girl c hold a %uttle1 !y /ret* cords betwe5 two trees1 to make a w>p1 & !n !y give h] all col\rs ( wools1 & leave h] to h] own devices4 ,!y tell h]1 ,x is = y to make y\r own d[ry4 ,!n1 accord+ to ! inborn art in/9ct ( ! *ild1 %e beg9s h] c>pet4 ,naturally1 traditions & association ) o!rs engag$ 9 ! same pursuit assi/ 9 ! s*eme & arrangem5t2 usually ! c>pet is n f9i%$ until %e is old en\gh to m>ry4 ,!n1 cont9ues ,lagrange1 two ma/]s1 two pur*as]s1 pres5t !mselves2 ! "o c>ries (f a c>pet1 & ! o!r a wife4 ,edw>d ,,ii44 ( ,engl& own$ a tape/ry probably ( ,engli% make1 describ$ z a gre5 hang+ ( wool wove ) figures ( ,k+s & ,e>ls ^u x4 ,!re 0 a roi/]+ ,briti%] call$ ,john le ,tappi/]e1 :o 0 compla9$ ( by c]ta9 p ne> ,ox=d1 z hav+ seiz$ ,ma/] ,john ( ,%or$it*1 & assault$ & imprison$ him1 confiscat+ 8 goods & *>g+ him fifty p\nds = ransom4 ,x is n /at$ :at ! g5tleman f ,%or$it* _h done ?us to br+ d[n ^u him ! wra? ( ,john ! weav]6 ,engli% weav]s _h r ! reputation ( be+ fight]s3 9 #acdj "o ,george le ,tapici] murd]$ ,john le ,dextre ( ,leice/]2 :ile ,giles de la ,hyde also slew ,?omas ,tapici] 9 #ache4 ,possibly ^! r[s occurr$ on acc\nt ( a practical infr+em5t ^u ! manufactur+ rights ( o!rs z set d[n 9 ! rules ( ! ,company4 ,!re 0 a woman 9 ,f9* ,lane :o produc$ tape/ry1 ) a cotton back1 aft] ! mann] ( ! works ( ,arras3 ?is 0 consid]$ a di%one/ bus9ess1 & ! "w 0 ord]$ to be burnt4 ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 design$ a set ( tape/ries repres5t+ ! ,hi/ory ( ,h]k9bald1 ! /]n uncle :o1 ) 8 own h&1 behead$ 8 nephew = wrong+ a "y woman4 ,^u 8 dea?-b$1 ,h]k9bald refus$ to confess ?is act z a s91 claim+ ! murd] to h be5 ju/ifiable & a positive virtue4 ,app>5tly ! ,high] ,p[]s 7 on 8 side1 too1 =1 :5 ! prie/ refus$ ! ,eu*>i/ to ! imp]t95t ,h]k9bald1 x is relat$ t ! ,ho/ desc5d$ by a miracle & ent]$ ! lips ( ! dy+ man4 ,a dramatic /ory1 ( :i* van d] ,weyd5 made ! mo/1 9 design+ 8 wond]fully decorative tape/ries4 ,! orig9als 7 lo/1 b simil> copies rema94 ,z e>ly z #adda tape/ries 7 execut$ 9 ,oud5>des2 usually ^! 7 compos$ ( gre5 foliage1 & kn[n z v]dures4 ,9 "t ! names v]dure & ,oud5>de became int]*angeably associat$ ) ?is class ( tape/ry4 ,!y repres5t$ woodl& & hunt+ sc5es1 & 7 also call$ ,tape/ry v]de1 & are allud$ to by ,*auc]4 ,curi\s symbolic subjects 7 (t5 us$3 = in/ance1 = a set ( hang+s = a banquet hall1 :at c\ld be m :imsically appropriate ?an ! repres5tation ( ,d9n]1 giv+ a fea/ to ,good ,company1 :ile ,banquet & ,maladies attack ! gue/s6 ,?is sc5e is foll[$ by ! arre/ ( ,s\p] & ,banquet by ,exp]i5ce1 :o condemns !m bo? to die = _! cruel treatm5t ( ! ,fea/]s6 ,!re is an old poem writt5 by a monk ( ,*e/]1 nam$ ,brad%aw1 9 :i* a l>ge hall decorat$ ) tape/ries is describ$ z foll[s3 ,all h]bs & fl[]s1 fair & sweet1 ,7 /raw$ 9 halls1 & layd "u _! feet2 ,clo?s ( gold1 & arras 7 hang$ on ! wall1 ,depa9t$ ) pictures & /ories manifold ,well wr\ght & craftely4 ,a set ( tape/ries 0 made by "s ( ! monks ( ,troyes1 :o work$ ^u ! high loom1 display+ sc5es f ! ,life ( ! ,magdal54 ,?is task 0 evid5tly n devoid ( ! light] elem5ts1 = 9 ! bill1 ! good bro!rs made *>ge = su* w9e z !y drank :5 !y consult$ toge!r 9 reg>d to ! life ( ! ,sa9t 9 "q6 ,among ! mo/ int]e/+ tape/ries are ^? repres5t+ sc5es f ! ,w>s ( ,troy1 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,!y are cr[d$ ) detail1 & 9 ?is respect exhibit mo/ satisfactorily ! beauties ( ! craft1 :i* is enhanc$ by small intricacies1 & r5d]$ less impressive :5 treat$ 9 broad masses ( unreliev$ wov5 col\r4 ,ano!r magnific5t set1 be>+ simil> *>act]i/ics1 is ! ,hi/ory ( ,clovis at ,rheims4 ,!re is a fasc9at+ set ( ,engli% tape/ries repres5t+ ! ,seasons1 at ,hatfield3 ^! 7 probably wov5 at ,b>*e/on4 ,! detail ( m9ute animal & vegetable =ms--! flora & fauna1 z x 7 9 wor/$--are unique = _! consci5ti\s f9i%4 ,!y almo/ am\nt to catalogues ( plants & bea/s4 ,! "o :i* displays ,summ] is a h]bal & a ,noah's ,ark turn$ loose ab\t a full-siz$ ,classical ,deity1 :o presides 9 ! c5tre ( ! composition4 ,among ,engli% mak]s ( tape/ries 0 a workman nam$ ,john ,bakes1 :o 0 paid ! magnific5t sum ( twelve p5ce a day1 :ile 9 an entry 9 ano!r docum5t he is said to h receiv$ only f\rp5ce daily4 ,! ,hunt+ ,tape/ries belong+ to ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire are z p]fect specim5s z any t exi/ ( ! be/ p]iod ( ! art4 ,!y are repres5t$ 9 col\r 9 ,w4 ,g4 ,?omson's admirable "w on ,tape/ries1 & are ?us available to mo/ read]s 9 "s public collection4 ,ano!r spl5didly decorative specim5 is at ,hampton ,c\rt1 be+ a s]ies ( ! ,sev5 ,deadly ,s9s4 ,!y measure ab\t tw5ty-five by ?irte5 feet ea*1 & are work$ 9 heavy wools & silks4 ,z te*nical facility develop$1 c]ta9 weaknesses began to %[ !mselves4 ,tape/ry weav]s _h _! fav\rite figures1 :i*1 to save !mselves tr\ble1 !y w\ld (t5 sub/itute = o!rs 9 ! orig9al design4 ,arras tape/ries 7 no long] made 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ! be/ "w ( t "t 0 accompli%$ 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,ab\t #aedj ,brussels probably /ood at ! head ( ! li/ ( cities fam\s = ! production ( ^! co/ly textiles4 ,! ,raphael tape/ries 7 made !re1 by ,pet] van ,ael/1 "u ! ord] ( ,pope ,leo ,x4 ,!y 7 execut$ 9 ! space ( f\r ye>s1 be+ f9i%$ 9 #aeai1 only a ye> be=e ,raphael's dea?4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! ,brussels work]s began to make c]ta9 %ort cuts n q legitimate 9 an art ( ! highe/ /&+1 su* z t\*+ up ! faces ) liquid dyes1 & us+ ! same to enhance ! effect aft] ! "w 0 f9i%$4 ,a law 0 pass$ t ?is mu/ n be done on any tape/ry wor? m ?an twelve p5ce a y>d4 ,9 spite ( ?is trick]y1 ! ,ne!rl&i% tape/ries l$ all o!rs 9 popul>ity 9 t c5tury4 ,x 0 almo/ inv>iable1 especially 9 ,flemi% "w1 to treat ,scriptural subjects z dress$ 9 ! co/ume ( ! p]iod 9 :i* ! tape/ry happ5$ to be made4 ,:5 "o sees ! ,prodigal ,son attir$ 9 a delightful ,flemi% co/ume ( a well-appo9t$ d&y1 & ,adam pres5t$ to ,god ! ,fa!r1 bo? be+ clo!d 9 ,ne!rl&i% g>m5ts suitable = ,burgoma/]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 !n we c believe t ! foll[+ description1 quot$ by ! ,c\ntess ( ,wilton1 is h>dly ov]drawn4 ,9 a corn] ( ! ap>tm5t /ood a b$1 ! tape/ry ( :i* 0 enwr\ght ) gaudy col\rs1 repres5t+ ,adam & ,eve 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed54444 ,adam 0 pres5t+ our fir/ "m ) a l>ge yell[ apple ga!r$ f a tree :i* sc>cely rea*$ 8 knee4444 ,to ! left ( ,eve appe>$ a *ur*1 & a d>k rob$ g5tleman hold+ some?+ 9 8 h& :i* look$ l a p9 cu%ion1 b d\btless 0 int5d$ = a book2 he seem$ po9t+ to ! holy edifice1 z if rem9d+ !m t !y 7 n yet m>ri$6 ,on ! gr\nd lay ! rib1 out ( :i* ,eve1 :o /ood a head high] ?an ,adam1 _h be5 =m$3 bo? ( !m 7 v respectably clo!d 9 ! anci5t ,saxon co/ume2 ev5 ! angel wore bree*es1 :i*1 be+ blue1 contra/$ well ) 8 flam+ r$ w+s4 ,9 ,france1 ! lead+ tape/ry works 7 at ,t\rs 9 ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury4 ,a ,flemi% weav]1 ,jean ,duval1 />t$ ! "w !re 9 #aedj4 ,until #aeeb he & 8 ?ree sons lab\r$ toge!r ) great results1 & !y left a l>ge numb] ( craftsm5 to foll[ 9 _! foot/eps4 ,9 ,italy ! art _h almo/ di$ out 9 ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 b reviv$ 9 full & florid =ce "u ! ,raphaelesque influ5ce4 ,k+ ,r5e ( ,anj\ collect$ tape/ries s assidu\sly t ! c>e & repair+ ( !m occupi$ ! :ole "t ( a /aff ( work]s1 :o 7 employ$ /eadily1 liv+ 9 ! palace1 & sleep+ at night 9 ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts 9 :i* ! hang+s 7 especially co/ly4 ,que5 ,jeanne1 ! "m ( ,h5ri ,,iv41 0 a skill$ work] 9 tape/ry4 ,to quote ,miss ,fre] 9 ! ,life ( ,jeanne d',albret1 ,dur+ ! h\rs :i* ! que5 all[$ h]self = relaxation1 %e work$ tape/ry & disc\rs$ ) "s "o ( ! le>n$ m5 :om %e protect$4 ,?is que5 0 ( an active m5tal calibre & "o to :om physical repose 0 mo/ repugnant4 ,%e 0 a regul> & pi\s att5dant at *ur*1 b sitt+ /ill 0 torture to h]1 & li/5+ to ! dron+ s]mons put h] to sleep4 ,s1 ) a c\rage to be admir$1 ,jeanne dem&$ p]mission f ! ,synod to "w tape/ry dur+ ! s]mon4 ,?is reque/ 0 grant$2 f !nce=? ,que5 ,jeanne1 b5d+ decor\sly ov] h] tape/ry frame1 & busy ) h] ne$le1 gave due att5tion4 ,! ,*ateau ( ,blois1 dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xii4 & ,ann ( ,brittany1 is describ$ z be+ regally appo9t$ ) tape/ries3 ,^? :i* 7 hung 9 ! ap>tm5ts ( ! k+ & que51 says ! *ronicl]1 7 all full ( gold2 & ! tape/ries & embroid]ies ( clo? ( gold & ( silk _h o!rs b5ea? !m ornam5t$ ) p]sonages & hi/ories z ^? 7 above4 ,inde$1 !re 0 s great a numb] ( ri* tape/ries1 velvet c>pets1 & b$ cov]+s1 ( gold & silk1 t !re 0 n a *amb]1 hall1 or w>drobe1 t 0 n full4 ,9 an inv5tory ( ! ,pr9cess ( ,burgundy !re occurs ?is curi\s description ( a tape/ry3 ,! ?ree tape/ries ( ! ,*ur* ,militant1 wr\ght 9 gold1 :]eon may be se5 repres5t$ ,god ,almighty seat$ 9 maje/y1 & ar\nd him _m c>d9als1 & bel[ him _m pr9ces :o pres5t to him a *ur*4 ,h\sehold luxury 9 ,engl& is indicat$ by a qua9t writ] 9 #aehf3 ,9 noblem5's h\ses1 he says1 x is n r>e to see abundance ( arras1 ri* hang+s1 ( tape/rie444 ,turkie wood1 pewt]1 brasse1 & f9e l954444 ,9 times pa/ ! co/ly furniture /ay$ !re1 :]eas n[ x is disc>d$ yet l[]1 ev5 unto ! inf]ior artific]s1 & _m f>m]s444 h = ! mo/ "p le>n$ to g>ni% _! b$s ) tape/ries & hang+s1 & _! tables ) c>petts & f9e nap]y4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 0 devot$ to tape/ry collect+1 also4 ,an ag5t :o 0 buy+ = him 9 ! ,ne!rl&s 9 #aech1 wrote to ! k+3 ,i h made a /ay 9 my h&s ( two hundr$ ells ( goodly tape/ry2 !re ha? n be5 br\ght ?is tw5ty ye> eny s good = ! price4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 _h 9 8 l>ge collection _m subjects1 among !m su* *>act]i/ic pieces z3 t5 peeces ( ! ri* /ory ( ,k+ ,david 79 :i* ,ba?%eba d\btless play$ an important "p71 sev5 peeces ( ! ,/ories ( ,ladies1 ,a peece ) a man & woman & a flagon1 ,a peece ( v]dure444 hav+ popp9jays at ! ne!r corn]s1 ,"o peece ( ,susannah1 ,six f9e new tape/ries ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,hel5a & ,p>is4 ,a set ( six v]dure tape/ries 0 own$ by ,c>d9al ,wolsey1 :i* s]v$ = ! hang+ ( ,durham ,hall ( inf]ior days4 ,! hang+s 9 a hall 9 ,*e/] are describ$ z depict+ ,adam1 ,noe1 & 8 ,%yppe4 ,9 #aefc a monk ( ,cant]bury 0 m5tion$ z a tape/ry weav]4 ,at ,york1 ,norwi*1 & o!r cities1 7 also to be f\nd ,arras ,work]s dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!re 0 an amus+ law suit 9 #aeih1 :i* 0 br\ght by a g5tleman1 ,*>les ,li/]1 aga9/ "o ,mrs4 ,bridges1 = accept+ f him1 on ! und]/&+ ( an engagem5t 9 m>riage1 a suite ( tape/ries = h] ap>tm5t4 ,he su$ = ! return ( 8 gifts6 ,among ! ,/ate ,pap]s ( ,james ,i41 !re is a lett] 9 :i* ! ,k+ rem>ks ,sir ,francis ,crane desires to "k if my baby w h him to-ha/5 ! mak+ ( t suite ( tape/ry t he comm&$ him4 ,9 ,flor5ce1 ! art fl\ri%$ "u ! ,m$ici4 ,9 #aedf a regul> ,academy ( in/ruction 9 tape/ry weav+ 0 set up1 "u ! direction ( ,flemi% ma/]s4 ,all ! lead+ arti/s ( ! ,gold5 ,age furni%$ designs :i*1 ?\gh frequ5tly inappropriate = be+ r5d]$ 9 textile1 7 f9e pictures1 at any rate4 ,9 ,v5ice1 too1 !re 7 "w %ops1 b ! influ5ce ( ,italy 0 ,flemi% 9 e case s f> z te*nical in/ruction 0 conc]n$4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ arti/s ( ! ,r5aissance made c>toons3 ,raphael1 ,giulio ,romano1 ,j\v5et1 ,le ,brun1 & num]\s o!rs1 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tape/ry1 ,,repres5t+ ,,p>is ,,9 ,,! #ae,,? ,,c5tury ,! ,gobel9s "w 9 ,p>is 0 inaugurat$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury "u ,jean ,gobel9s1 a native ( ,rheims4 ,8 son1 ,philib]t1 & lat]1 _m desc5dants p]sev]$ /eadily at ! "w2 ! art prosp]$ "u ,francis ,i41 ! :ole =ce ( tape/ry weav]s be+ br\ght toge!r at ,fonta9ebleau1 & "u ,h5ry ,,ii41 ! direction ( ! :ole 0 giv5 to ! celebrat$ arti/ ,philib]t ,delorme4 ,9 #afcj ! ,gobel9s 0 fully e/abli%$ z a l>g] plant1 & has nev] made ano!r move4 ,! "w has increas$ ev] s9ce ^? days1 on mu* ! same g5]al l9es4 ,celebrat$ ,fr5* arti/s h design$ tape/ries3 ,watteau1 ,b\*]1 & o!rs 7 int]pret$ by ! brilliant manag] ^: signature appe>s on ! works1 ,cozette1 :o 0 manag] f #agcf until #agib4 ,) ?is te*nical p]fection came ! dea? ( ! art ( tape/ry3 ! pictures might z well h be5 pa9t$ on canvas1 & all feel+ = ! mat]ial 0 lo/1 s t ! naive *>m ( ! orig9al work]s ceas$ to be a "p ( ! production4 ,among ,european collections n[ visible1 ! be/ is 9 ,madrid1 :]e ov] six hundr$ tape/ries may be se51 *iefly ,flemi%1 ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies4 ,! collection at ! ,pitti ,palace 9 ,flor5ce comprises six hundr$1 :ile 9 ! ,vatican are pres]v$ ! orig9al ,raphael tape/ries4 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 too1 is ri* 9 int]e/+ examples ( v>i\s s*ools4 ,x is a v helpful collection to /ud5ts1 especially1 al?\gh n s l>ge z "s o!rs4 ,9 #affc1 two well int5d$ /atutes 7 introduc$ deal+ ) curi\sly opposite matt]s3 "o 0 to enc\rage l95 & tape/ry manufacture 9 ,engl&1 & ! o!r 0 = regulat+ ! pack+ ( h]r+s6 ,! fam\s ,engli% ,mortlake tape/ry manufactory 0 n e/abli%$ until ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & t is r late = u4 ,! progress ( craftsman%ip has be5 /eady1 especially at ! ,gobel9s 9 ,france4 ,_m o!r c5tres ( indu/ry develop$1 h[ev]1 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ,! /udy ( mod]n tape/ry is a bran* by itself ) :i* we are unable to conc]n ourselves n[4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,embroid]ies ,! mat]ials us$ z gr\ndwork = m$iaeval embroid]ies 7 ri* 9 !mselves4 ,samit 0 ! fav\rite--%imm]+1 & wov5 orig9ally ( solid flat gold wire4 ,ciclat\n 0 also a brilliant textile1 z also 0 ,c5dal4 ,c5dal silk is spok5 ( by e>ly writ]s4 ,! fir/ use ( silk is int]e/+ to trace4 ,a monopoly1 a v]itable silk tru/1 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ecc1 9 ! ,roman ,empire4 ,wom5 7 employ$ at ! ,c\rt ( ,ju/9ian to preside ov] ! looms1 & ! manufacture ( silk 0 n all[$ else:]e4 ,! only h9drance to ?is s*eme 0 t ! silk itself _h to be br\ght f ,*9a4 ,b 9 ! reign ( ,ju/9ian1 two monks :o _h be5 travell+ 9 ! ,ori5t1 br\ght to ! emp]or1 z curiosities1 "s silkworms & cocoons4 ,!y obta9$ "s long holl[ walk+ /icks1 :i* !y pack$ full ( silkworms' eggs1 & ?us import$ ! produc]s ( ! raw mat]ial4 ,! ,european silk indu/ry1 9 fabrics1 embroid]ies1 velvets1 & su* commodities1 may owe its orig9 to ?is bit ( mona/ic ent]prise 9 #eej4 ,silk g>m5ts 7 v co/ly1 h[ev]1 & x 0 n e lady 9 e>ly times :o c\ld h su* luxuries4 ,x is said t ev5 ! ,emp]or ,aurelian refus$ 8 wife h] reque/ = j "o s+le cloak ( silk1 say+3 ,no1 ,i c\ld nev] ?9k ( buy+ su* a ?+1 = x sells = its weight 9 gold6 ,fu/ian & taffeta 7 less co/ly1 b frequ5tly us$ 9 important "w1 z also 7 s>c5et & camora4 ,velvet & sat9 7 ( lat] date1 n occurr+ until ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,baudek91 a good silk & gold5 weave1 0 v popul>4 ,cut velvets ) elaborate patt]ns 7 made 9 ,g5oa4 ,! process consi/$ 9 leav+ ! ma9 gr\nd 9 ! orig9al f9e rib :i* result$ f weav+1 :ile 9 ! patt]n ^! little ribs 7 split op51 mak+ t "p ( a diff]5t ply f ! re/ ( ! mat]ial1 9 fact1 be+ ! f9i%$ velvet z we n[ "k x1 :ile ! gr\nd rema9$ uncut1 & _h m ! appe>ance ( silk reps4 ,velvet is fir/ m5tion$ 9 ,engl& 9 #abie1 b probably exi/$ e>li] on ! ,cont95t4 ,bo? ,rog] de ,w5dov] & ,mat!w ,p>is m5tion a /uff call$ imp]ial3 x 0 p>tly gold 9 weave1 b !re is "s d\bt z to its actual texture4 ,baudek9 0 a v co/ly textile ( gold & silk :i* 0 us$ l>gely 9 alt> cov]+s & hang+s1 su* z dossals2 by degrees ! "n became synonym\s ) baldi*91 & 9 ,italy ! :ole alt> canopy is /ill call$ a balda*9o4 ,dur+ ,royal ,progresses ! /reets 7 always hung ) ri* clo? ( gold4 ,z ,*auc] makes allusion to /reets ,by ord9ance ?r\gh\t ! city l>ge ,hang$ ) clo? ( gold1 & n ) s]ge1 s ,lel& tells h[ ! ,que5 ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 0 conduct$ to h] coronation & all ! /retes ?r\gh :i* %e %\ld pass 7 cl5ely dress$444 ) clo?s ( tape/ry & ,arras1 & "s /retes1 z ,*eepe1 hang$ ) ri* clo?s ( gold1 velvetts1 & silks4 ,& 9 ,ma*yn's ,di>y1 he says t z late z #aeee at ,b[ *ur* 9 ,london1 0 hangyd ) clo? ( gold & ) ri* ,arras4 ,! ^w sat9 is d]iv$ f ! silks ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 call$ aceytuni1 :i* became zetani 9 ,italian1 & gradually *ang$ ?r\gh ,fr5* & ,engli% influ5ce1 to sat94 ,! fir/ m5tion ( x 9 ,engl& is ab\t #acej1 :5 ,bi%op ,gr&ison made a gift ( *oice sat9s to ,exet] ,ca!dral4 ,! ,dalmatic ( ,*>lemagne is embroid]$ on blue sat91 al?\gh ?is is a r>e e>ly example ( ! mat]ial4 ,at ,con/ant9ople1 also1 z e>ly z #abjd1 ,baldw9 ,,ii4 wore sat9 at 8 coronation4 ,x 0 ne>ly always made 9 a fi]y r$ 9 ! e>ly days4 ,x is m5tion$ 9 a ,wel% poem ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela1 a travell] :o wrote 9 #aafa1 m5tions t ! ,jews 7 liv+ 9 great numb]s 9 ,!bes1 & t !y made silks !re at t "t4 ,!re is record t 9 ! late elev5? c5tury a ,norman ,abbot br\ght home f ,apulia a quantity ( heavy & f9e silk1 f :i* f\r copes 7 made4 ,fr5* silks 7 n rem>kable until ! sixte5? c5tury1 :ile ^? ( ! ,ne!rl&s l$ all o!rs z e>ly z ! ?irte5?4 ,%ot silks 7 popul> 9 ,engl& 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,york ,ca!dral possess$1 9 #aedc1 a ve/m5t ( *angeable taffety = ,good ,friday4 ,/4 ,dun/an is report$ to h once t9t$ a sac]dotal ve/m5t to oblige a lady1 ?us dep>t+ f 8 regul> occupation z goldsmi? to p]=m ! (fice ( a dy] ( /uff4 ,_m ri* m$iaeval textiles 7 ornam5t$ by designs1 :i* usually %[ int]laces & animal =ms1 & sometimes conv5tional floral ornam5t4 ,patt]ns orig9at$ 9 ! ,ea/1 &1 ?r\gh ,byzant9e influ5ce1 9 ,italy1 & ,s>ac5ic 9 ,spa91 !y 7 adopt$ & modifi$ by ,europeans4 ,9 #abie ,/4 ,paul's 9 ,london own$ a hang+ patt]n$ ) :eels & two-head$ birds4 ,sicilian silks1 & _m o!rs ( ! contempor>y textiles1 display v>iations ( ! tree ( life patt]n4 ,?is consi/s ( a little conv5tional %rub1 sometimes h>dly m ?an a budd+ rod1 ) two birds or animals advanc+ vis-a-vis on ei!r side4 ,sometimes ^! are two peacocks2 (t5 lions or leop>ds & frequ5tly griff9s & v>i\s small] animals4 ,:5ev] "o sees a little tree or a s+le /alk1 no matt] h[ conv5tionally treat$1 ) a c\ple ( mat*$ animals /rutt+ up to ea* o!r on ei!r side1 ?is patt]n owes its orig9 to ! old tradition ( ! decorative motive usual 9 ,p]sia & 9 ,byzantium1 ! ,tree ( ,life1 or ,horn4 ,! orig9 ( patt]ns does n come )9 our scope1 & has be5 excell5tly treat$ 9 ! v>i\s books ( ,lewis ,day1 & o!r writ]s on ?is subject4 ,textiles ( ,italian manufacture may be se5 repres5t$ 9 ! pa9t+s ( ! old ma/]s3 ,orcagna1 ,francia1 ,crivelli1 & o!rs1 :o delight$ 9 ! r5d]+ ( ri* /uffs2 lat]1 !y ab\nd 9 ! creations ( ,v]onese & ,titian4 ,a fav\rite ,italian vegetable1 z ,dr4 ,rock qua9tly expresses x1 is ! arti*oke1 :i*1 (t51 set 9 oval =ms1 is ei!r outl9$ or work$ solidly 9 ! fabric4 ,alm]ia 0 a ri* city 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 not$ = its textiles4 ,a hi/orian ( t p]iod writes3 ,*ri/ians ( all nations came to its port to buy & to sell4 ,f !nce444 !y travell$ to o!r p>ts ( ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry1 :]e !y load$ _! vessels ) su* goods z !y want$4 ,co/ly silk5 robes ( ! brighte/ col\rs are manufactur$ 9 ,alm]ia4 ,granada 0 fam\s too1 a little lat]1 = its silks & wov5 goods4 ,ab\t #aefb ,navagi]o wrote3 ,all sorts ( clo? & silks are made !re3 ! silks made at ,granada are mu* e/eem$ all ov] ,spa92 !y are n s good z ^? t come f ,italy4 ,!re are sev]al looms1 b !y d n yet "k h[ to "w !m well4 ,!y make good taffetas1 s>c5et1 & silk s]ges4 ,! velvets are n bad1 b ^? t are made at ,val5cia are bett] 9 quality4 ,m>co ,polo says ( ! ,p]sians 9 c]ta9 sections2 ,!re are excell5t artific]s 9 ! cities1 :o make wond]ful ?+s 9 gold1 silk1 & embroid]y4444 ,9 ve9s ( ! m\nta9s /ones are f\nd1 commonly call$ turquoises1 & o!r jewels4 ,!re also are made all sorts ( arms & ammunition = w>1 & by ! wom5 excell5t ne$lework 9 silks1 ) all sorts ( creatures v admirably wr\ght !re94 ,m>co ,polo also reports ! ,k+ ( ,t>t>y z we>+ on 8 bir?day a mo/ preci\s g>m5t ( gold1 :ile 8 b>ons wore ! same1 & _h giv5 !m girdles ( gold & silv]1 & pe>ls & g>m5ts ( great price4 ,?is ,khan also has ! t5?s ( all wool1 silk1 & hemp1 :i* he causes to be made into clo!s1 9 a h\se = t purpose appo9t$3 = all trades are b\nd "o day 9 ! week to s]ve him4 ,he clo!d 8 armies ) ?is ty! wool4 ,9 ,anglo-,saxon times a fabric compos$ ( f9e basket-weav+ ( ?9 flat /rips ( pure gold 0 us$2 sometimes ! flat metal 0 wov5 on a w>p ( sc>let silk ?reads4 ,lat] /rips ( gild$ p>*m5t 7 fraudul5tly sub/itut$ = ! g5u9e flat metal ?read4 ,(t5 ! wo( ( gold /rips 0 s solid & heavy t x 0 necess>y to h a silk w>p ( six /r&s1 to support its we>4 ,gold clo? 0 ( v>y+ excell5ce1 h[ev]3 among ! items 9 an inv5tory = ! ,e>l ( ,w>wick 9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,vi41 !re is allusion to "o coat = ,my ,"l's body1 beat ) f9e gold2 two coats = h]alds1 beat ) demi-gold4 ,x is g5]ally assum$ t ! fir/ wire-draw+ ma*9es 7 made ab\t #acfj 9 ,g]many2 !y 7 n us$ 9 ,engl& until ab\t #aefj4 ,!ophilus1 h[ev]1 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 tells ,( ! in/rum5ts ?r\gh :i* wires are drawn1 say+ t !y consi/ ( two irons1 ?ree f+]s 9 bread?1 n>r[ above & bel[1 ev]y:]e ?91 & p]=at$ ) ?ree or f\r ranges1 ?r\gh :i* holes wires are drawn4 ,?is w\ld seem to be a primitive =m ( ! m develop$ in/rum5t4 ,wire draw+ 0 introduc$ into ,engl& by ,*ri/ian ,s*utz ab\t #aefj4 ,9 #afbc 0 incorporat$ 9 ,london1 ,! ,wor%ipful ,company ( ,gold & ,silv] ,wire-,draw]s4 ,! preamble ( _! *>t] reads ?us3 ,! ,trade ,art ( ,draw+ & flatt5+ ( gold & silv] wire1 & mak+ & sp9n+ ( gold & silv] ?read & /uffe4 ,x seems z ?\gh !re 7 "s k9d ( "w t correspond$ to wire-draw+1 e>li] ?an its suppos$ introduction1 = a petition 0 s5t to ,k+ ,h5ry ,,vi4 9 #adbc1 by ! wise & wor?y ,communes ( ,london1 ! ,w>d5s ( ,brod]ie 9 ! said ,citie1 reque/+ protection aga9/ deceit & default 9 ! "w ( div]s p]sons occupy+ ! craft ( embroid]y2 & 9 #adfa ,an act ( ,common ,c\ncil 0 pass$ respect+ ! gold-draw]s1 %[+ t ! art 0 kn[n to "s ext5t & practis$ at t "t4 ,9 ! reign ( ,george ,,ii41 9 #agdb1 ,an act to prev5t ! c\nt]feit+ ( gold & silv] lace & = ! settl+ & adju/+ ! proportions ( f9e silv] & silk1 & = ! bett] mak+ ( gold & silv] lace1 0 pass$4 ,ecclesia/ical ve/m5ts 7 (t5 trimm$ ) heavy gold fr+e1 knott$ fretty wise1 & ! embroid]ies 7 fur!r enri*$ ) jewels & small plaques ( enamel4 ,mat!w ,p>is relates a circum/ance ( c]ta9 g>m5ts be+ s heavily weight$ ) gold t ! cl]gy c\ld n walk 9 !m1 &1 9 ord] to get ! solid metal out aga91 x 0 necess>y to burn ! g>m5ts & ?us melt ! gold4 ,jewell$ robes 7 (t5 se5 9 ! ,middle ,ages2 a *asuble is describ$ z hav+ be5 made = ! ,abbot ( ,/4 ,albans1 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 :i* 0 practically cov]$ ) plaques ( gold & preci\s /ones4 ,imag9e ! unpleasant physical s5sation ( a bi%op 9 #adjd1 :o 0 oblig$ to we> a gold5 mitre ( :i* ! gr\nd 0 set ) l>ge pe>ls1 bord]$ ) balas rubies1 & sapphires1 & trimm$ ) indef9ite extra pe>ls6 ,! body ( ,/4 ,cecilia1 :o 0 m>tyr$ 9 #bcj1 0 int]r$ 9 a g>m5t ( pure wov5 gold4 ,! clo? ( solid gold :i* 0 us$ = /ate occasions 0 call$ tissue2 ! ?9 pap] 9 :i* x 0 wrapp$ :5 x 0 laid away 0 kn[n z tissue pap]1 & ,mr4 ,william ,maskell /ates t ! "n has clung to x1 & t is :y ?9 pap] is call$ tissue pap] to-day4 ,/4 ,pet]'s 9 ,rome possess$ a great pair ( silv] curta9s1 :i* hung at ! entrance to ! *ur*1 giv5 by ,pope ,/eph5 ,,iv4 9 ! eigh? c5tury4 ,vitruvius tells h[ to pres]ve ! gold 9 old embroid]y1 or 9 worn-out textiles :]e ! metal has be5 ext5sively us$4 ,he says3 ,:5 gold is embroid]$ on a g>m5t :i* is worn out1 & no long] fit = use1 ! clo? is burnt ov] ! fire 9 e>!n pots4 ,! a%es are ?r[n into wat]1 & quicksilv] add$ to !m4 ,?is collects all p>ticles ( gold1 & unites ) !m4 ,! wat] is !n p\r$ (f1 & ! residuum plac$ 9 a clo?1 :i*1 :5 squeez$ ) ! h&s suff]s ! liquid quicksilv] to pass ?r\gh ! pores ( ! clo?1 b reta9s ! gold 9 a mass )9 x4 ,an e>ly allusion to asbe/os wov5 z a clo? is made by ,m>co ,polo1 %[+ t fire-pro( fabrics 7 kn[n 9 8 "t4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,*9*9talas1 !re is a m\nta9 :]e9 are m9es ( /eel444 & also1 z 0 report$1 salam&]s1 ( ! wool ( :i* clo? 0 made1 :i* if ca/ into ! fire1 _c burn4 ,b t clo? is 9 reality made ( /one 9 ?is mann]1 z "o ( my companions a ,turk1 nam$ ,curif>1 a man endu$ ) s+ul> indu/ry1 in=m$ me1 :o _h *>ge ( ! m9]als 9 t prov9ce4 ,a c]ta9 m9]al is f\nd 9 t m\nta9 :i* yields ?reads n unlike wool2 & ^! be+ dri$ 9 ! sun1 are bruis$ 9 a braz5 mort>1 & aft]w>ds wa%$1 & :atsoev] e>?y sub/ance /icks to !m is tak5 away4 ,la/ly1 ^! ?reads are spun l ord9>y wool1 & wov5 into clo?4 ,& :5 !y w\ld :it5 ^? clo?s1 !y ca/ !m into ! fire = an h\r1 & !n take !m out unhurt :it] ?an sn[4 ,aft] ! same mann] !y cleanse !m :5 !y h tak5 any spots1 = no o!r wa%+ is us$ to !m1 besides ! fire4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages x w\ld h be5 possible1 z ,lady ,al=d sugge/s1 to play ! game ,animal1 ,vegetable1 or ,m9]al ) textiles only6 ,betwe5 silk1 hemp1 cotton1 gold1 silv]1 wool1 flax1 camel's hair1 & asbe/os1 surely ! ?ree elem5ts all play$ _! p>ts4 ,s9ce ! fir/ record ( ,eve hav+ sewn fig leaves toge!r to make aprons1 wom5 h us$ ! ne$le 9 "s =m4 ,9 ,engl&1 x is said t ! fir/ ne$les 7 made by an ,indian1 9 #aede1 be=e :i* "t !y 7 import$4 ,! old play1 ,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le1 is bas$ ^u ! extreme r>ity ( ^! dome/ic implem5ts1 & ! calamity occasion$ 9 a family by _! loss4 ,!re is a curi\s old /ory ab\t a ne$le1 :i* 0 suppos$ to possess magic p[]s4 ,?is ne$le is report$ to h work$ at night :ile its own] 0 re/+1 sav+ h] all p]sonal responsibility ab\t h] m5d+4 ,:5 ! old lady f9ally di$1 ano!r own] claim$ ?is *>m$ ne$le1 & began at once to te/ its p[]s4 ,b1 d :at %e w\ld1 %e 0 unable to =ce a ?read ?r\gh its ob/9ate eye4 ,at la/1 aft] try+ all possible means to ?read ! ne$le1 %e took a magnify+ glass to exam9e & see :at ! imp$im5t 01 &1 lo6 ! eye ( ! ne$le 0 fill$ ) a great te>1--x 0 weep+ = ! loss ( its old mi/ress1 & no "o 0 ev] able to ?read x aga96 ,embroid]y is usually reg>d$ z /rictly a woman's craft1 b 9 ! ,middle ,ages ! lead+ ne$lework]s 7 (t5 m54 ,! old li/ ( names giv5 by ,l\is ,f>cy has almo/ an equal proportion ( work]s ( bo? sexes4 ,b ! f9e/ "w 0 c]ta9ly accompli%$ by ! consci5ti\s dwell]s 9 cloi/]s1 & ! nuns devot$ _! va/ leisure 9 ^? days to ?is art4 ,full] obs]ves3 ,nunn]ies 7 also good %ee-s*ools1 :]e9 ! girls ( ! neighb\rhood 7 taught to read & "w444 t ! %>pnesse ( _! wits & sudd5nesse ( _! conceits 7:i* ev5 _! enemies mu/ all[ unto !m67 might by education be improv$ into a judici\s solidity4 ,9 "s ( ^! s*ools ! curriculum includ$ ,read+ & sew+1 ?reep5ce a week3 a p5ny extra = mann]s4 ,an old ?irte5? c5tury "w1 call$ ! ,kle9e ,held5bu*1 conta9s a v]se :i* may be ?us translat$3 ,:o taught me to embroid] 9 a frame ) silk8 ,& to draw & design ! wild & tame ,bea/s ( ! =e/ & field8 ,also to picture on pla9 surface3 ,r\nd ab\t to place gold5 bord]s1 ,a n>r[ & a broad] "o1 ,) /ags & h9ds lifelike4 ,a /udy ( hi/oric embroid]y %\ld be prec$$ by a g5]al k ( ! pr9ciple /it*es employ$4 ,"o ( ! simple/ =ms 0 *a9 /it*1 9 :i* "o /it* 0 tak5 ?r\gh ! loop ( ! /it* j laid4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages x 0 (t5 us$4 ,sometimes1 :5 ! mat]ial 0 ( a loose weave1 x 0 execut$ by means ( a little hook--! probable orig9 ( cro*et4 ,tape/ry /it*1 ( :i* "o bran* is cross-/it*1 0 =m$ by lay+ close s+le /it*es ( uni=m size ^u a canvas specially prep>$ = ?is "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,embroid]y ,,on ,,canvas1 #af,,? ,,c5tury1 ,,s\? ,,k5s+ton ,,museum ,f9e embroid]y 9 silk 0 usually execut$ 9 long smoo? /it*es ( irregul> l5g?1 :i* m]g$ into ea* o!r4 ,?is is g5]ally kn[n z sat9 /it*1 = ! surface ( ! "w is t ( a sat9 texture :5 ! "w is complet$4 ,?is 0 frequ5tly execut$ ^u l951 & !n1 :5 ! entire surface _h be5 hidd5 by ! close silk /it*es1 x 0 cut out & transf]r$ on a brocade backgr\nd1 ?is /yle ( r5d]+ be+ kn[n z applique4 ,botticelli recomm5d$ ?is "w z mo/ durable & satisfactory3 x is (t5e/ associat$ ) *ur* embroid]y4 ,a simple applique 0 also done by cutt+ out pieces ( "o mat]ial & apply+ !m to ano!r1 hid+ ! edge-jo9+s by c\*+ on a cord4 ,z an improvem5t ^u pa9t$ bann]s to be us$ 9 processions1 ,botticelli introduc$ ?is me?od ( cutt+ out & resett+ col\rs ^u a diff]5t gr\nd4 ,z ,vas>i says3 ,?is he did t ! colors might n s9k ?r\gh1 %[+ ! t9t ( ! clo? on ea* side4 ,b ,dr4 ,rock po9ts out t x is h>dly fair to e>li] artific]s to give ! entire cr$it = ?is me?od ( "w to ,botticelli1 s9ce su* cut "w or applique 0 practis$ 9 ,italy a hundr$ ye>s be=e ,botticelli 0 born6 ,sometimes solid masses ( silk or gold ?read 7 laid 9 ord]$ flatness ^u a mat]ial1 & !n sewn to x by long or %ort /it*es at "r angles4 ,?is is kn[n z c\*+1 & is a v effective way ( economiz+ mat]ial by display+ x all on ! surface4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! surface we>s (f some:at1 b x is possible to execute x s t x is z durable z embroid]y :i* has be5 r5d]$ 9 sep>ate /it*es4 ,9 ,sicily x 0 a common practice to use coral 9 embroid]ies z well z pe>ls4 ,coral "w is usually call$ ,sicilian "w1 ?\gh x 0 also sometimes execut$ 9 ,spa94 ,! g>m5ts worn by ! ,byzant9es 7 v ornate2 !y 7 made ( wov5 silk & cov]$ ) elaborate devices4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury ! ,bi%op ( ,amasia ridicul$ ! extravagant dress ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,:5 m5 appe> 9 ! /reets ?us dress$1 he says1 ! pass]s by look at !m z at pa9t$ walls4 ,_! clo!s are pictures1 :i* little *ildr5 po9t out to "o ano!r4 ,! sa9tli] sort we> lik5esses ( ,*ri/1 ! ,m>riage ( ,galilee1 & ,laz>us rais$ f ! dead4 ,allusion 0 made 9 a s]mon3 ,p]sons :o array$ !mselves l pa9t$ walls ) bea/s & fl[]s all ov] !m 7 d5\nc$6 ,9 ! e>ly ,d>k ,ages !re 0 "s prejudice aga9/ ^! ri* embroid]ies4 ,9 ! six? c5tury ! ,bi%op ,/4 ,cesaire ( ,arles =bade 8 nuns to embroid] robes ) preci\s /ones or pa9t+ & fl[]s4 ,k+ ,)af ( ,m]cia will$ to ! ,abbey ( ,croyl& my purple mantle :i* ,i wore at my ,coronation1 to be made into a cope1 to be us$ by ^? :o m9i/] at ! holy alt>3 & also my gold5 veil1 embroid]$ ) ! ,siege ( ,troy1 to be hung up 9 ! ,*ur* on my anniv]s>y4 ,/4 ,a/]ius prea*$ to 8 p1 ,/rive to foll[ 9 y\r lives ! tea*+s ( ! ,gospel1 r ?an h ! miracles ( ,our ,r$eem] embroid]$ on y\r outw>d dress6 ,?is prejudice1 h[ev]1 0 n long liv$1 & ! embroid]$ ve/m5ts & g>m5ts cont9u$ to hold _! popul>ity all ?r\gh ! ,middle ,ages & ! ,r5aissance4 ,x has be5 said on grave au?ority t ,woman is an animal t delights 9 ! toilette1 :ile ,petr>*1 9 #acff1 recogniz$ ! p[] ( fa%ion ov] its vot>ies4 ,:o c see ) pati5ce1 he writes1 ! mon/r\s fanta/ical inv5tions :i* p ( our times h inv5t$ to de=m r ?an adorn _! p]sons8 ,:o c behold )\t indignation _! long po9t$ %oes1 _! caps ) fea!rs1 _! hair twi/$ & hang+ d[n l tails1444 _! bellies s cruelly squeez$ ) cords t !y suff] z mu* pa9 f vanity z ! m>tyrs suff]$ = religion6 ,& yet :o %all say :e!r a dress-re=m ,laura w\ld h *>m$ any m surely ! eye ( ! poet8 ,*auc]1 9 ,engl&1 also deplores ! fa%ions ( 8 day1 allud+ to ! s9ful co/ly array ( clo?+1 namely1 9 too mu* sup]fluity or else indisord9ate scant9ess6 ,*ang+ fa%ions h always be5 ! despair ( writ]s :o h tri$ to lay d[n rules = ae/hetic effect 9 dress4 ,an ,engli%man1 says ,h>rison1 endeav\r+ "s "t to write ( our attire444 :5 he saw :at a difficult piece ( "w he _h tak5 9 h&1 he gave ov] 8 travail1 & onely drue a picture ( a nak$ man unto :om he gave a pair ( %e>s 9 ! "o h& & a piece ( clo? 9 ! o!r1 to ! end t he %\ld %ape 8 app>el aft] su* fa%ion z himself lik$1 si? he c\ld f9d no g>m5t t c\ld please him any :ile toge!r3 & ?is he call$ an ,engli%man4 ,edw>d ! ,confessor wore ,/ate robes :i* _h be5 beautifully embroid]$ ) gold by 8 accompli%$ wife1 ,edgi?a4 ,9 ! ,royal ,rolls ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 9 #acce1 we f9d allusion to two ve/s ( gre5 velvet embroid]$ respectively ) sea sir5s & coats ( arms4 ,! tunics worn ov] arm\r (f]$ great opportunities to ! ne$lework]4 ,!y 7 ri*ly embroid]$1 usually 9 h]aldic /yle4 ,:5 ,symon1 ,bi%op ( ,ely1 p]=m$ ! c]emony ( ,*ur*+ = ,que5 ,philippa1 ! royal dame be/[$ ^u him ! g[n :i* %e wore on t occasion2 x is describ$ z a murrey-col\r$ velvet1 p[d]$ ) gold5 squirrels1 & 0 ( su* volum9\s patt]n t x 0 cut ov] into ?ree copes6 ,bridal g[ns 7 sometimes giv5 to *ur*es1 z well4 ,/4 ,l\is ( ,france 0 :at might be call$ temp]ate 9 dress4 ,! ,sire de ,jo9ville says he nev] saw a s+le embroid]$ coat or ornam5t$ saddle 9 ! possession ( ! k+1 & reprov$ 8 son = hav+ su* ?+s4 ,i repli$ t he w\ld h act$ bett] if he _h giv5 !m 9 *>ity1 & _h 8 dress made ( good s5dal1 l9$ & /r5g!n$ ) 8 arms1 l z ! k+ 8 fa!r _h done6 ,at ! m>riage ( ! ,"l ( ,t\ra9e 9 #achi1 ! ,duke ( ,burgundy pres5t$ magnific5t habits & clo?+ to 8 nephew ! ,c\nt ( ,nev]s3 among ^! 7 tunics1 ornam5t$ ) embroid]$ trees conv5tionally display$ on _! backs1 fronts1 & sleeves2 o!rs %[$ h]aldic blazonry1 :ile a blue velvet tunic 0 cov]$ ) balas rubies set 9 pe>ls1 alt]nat+ ) suns ( solid gold ) great solitaire pe>ls z c5tres4 ,aga91 9 #acij1 :5 ! k+ visit$ ,dijon1 he pres5t$ to ! same nephew a set ( h>nesses = j\/+4 ,"s ( !m 7 compos$ l>gely ( %eets ( beat5 gold & silv]4 ,9 "s gold & silv] m>gu]ites 7 introduc$ also4 ,savon>ola reprov$ ! ,flor5t9e nuns = employ+ _! valuable "t 9 manufactur+ gold laces ) :i* to adorn p]sons & h\ses4 ,! ,flor5t9e gold lace 0 v popul> 9 ,engl&1 9 ! days ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 & lat] ! art 0 tak5 up by ! wire-draw]s ( ,engl&1 & a native indu/ry took ! place ( ! import$ article4 ,among prohibit$ g[ns 9 ,flor5ce 0 "o own$ by ,donna ,francesca degli ,albizi1 a black mantle ( rais$ clo?3 ! gr\nd is yell[1 & ov] x are wov5 birds1 p>rots1 butt]flies1 r$ & :ite roses1 & _m figures 9 v]milion & gre51 ) pavilions & dragons1 & yell[ & black lett]s & trees1 & _m o!r figures ( v>i\s col\rs1 ! :ole l9$ ) clo? 9 hues ( black & v]milion4 ,z "o reads ?is description1 x seems z ?\gh ! arti/ic s5se z mu* z consci5ti\s scruples might h revolt$ & l$ to its bani%m5t6 ,co/umes = t\rnam5ts 7 also lavi% 9 _! spl5d\r4 ,9 #adfg ,b5$etto ,salutati ord]$ made = su* a pageant all ! trapp+s = two horses1 work$ 9 two hundr$ p\nds ( silv] by ,pollajuolo2 ?irty p\nds ( pe>ls 7 also us$ to trim ! g>m5ts ( ! s]geants4 ,no wond] ,savon>ola 0 en?usia/ic 9 8 d5unciation ( su* extravagance4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 _h a pair ( hose ( purple silk & ,v5ice gold1 wov5 l a caul4 ,= "o ( 8 fav\r$ lady fri5ds1 also1 !re is an item1 ( a c]ta9 sum paid1 = "o p\nd ( gold = embroid]+ a nightg[n4 ,! unrivall$ excell5ce ( ,engli% wooll5 clo?s 0 made manife/ at an e>ly p]iod4 ,!re 0 a fabric produc$ at ,norwi* ( su* sup]iority t a law 0 pass$ prohibit+ monks f we>+ x1 ! reason be+ t x 0 consid]$ sm>t en\gh = milit>y m56 ,?is 0 9 #adbb4 ,! "n ( ,wor/$ 0 giv5 to a c]ta9 wool because x 0 made at ,wor/$1 a t[n 9 ,norfolk2 lat] ! wor/$ ?read 0 sold = ne$lework]s4 ,ladies made _! own gold ?read 9 ! ,middle ,ages by w9d+ a f9e flat gold wire1 sc>cely ( m body ?an a foil1 ar\nd a silk ?read4 ,pat*es 7 embroid]$ into place ^u su* clo!s or ve/m5ts z 7 torn3 ^? :o did ?is "w 7 z well recogniz$ z ! orig9al design]s1 & 7 call$ heal]s ( clo!s6 ,embroid]$ b$ hang+s 7 v mu* 9 ord] 9 m$iaeval times 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury !re liv$ a woman :o _h emigrat$ f ! ,hebrides1 & :o _h ! reputation = wit*craft1 *iefly bas$ ^u ! unusually exquisite ne$lework on h] b$ curta9s6 ,! "n ( ?is reput$ sorc]ess 0 ,!rgunna4 ,beque/s 9 important wills indicate ! sumptu\s /yles :i* 7 usual among p ( position4 ,! ,fair ,maid ( ,k5t left to h] son h] new b$ curta9s ( r$ velvet1 embroid]$ ) o/ri* fea!rs ( silv]1 & heads ( leop>ds ( gold1 :ile 9 #achj ! ,e>l ( ,m>* bequea!d 8 l>ge b$ ( black sat9 embroid]$ ) :ite lions & gold roses1 & ! escut*eons ( ! arms ( ,mortim] & ,ul/]4 ,?is outfit mu/ h resembl$ a ,p>isian fir/ class fun]al6 ,! wid[ ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 slept 9 a sort ( m\rn+ c\* ( black velvet1 :i* mu/ h made h] feel z if %e too 7 laid out = h] own burial6 ,a *ild's b$quilt 0 f\nd m5tion$ 9 an inv5tory ( furniture at ! ,priory ( ,durham1 9 #addf1 :i* 0 embroid]$ 9 ! f\r corn]s ) ! ,evangeli/ic symbols4 ,9 ! ,squi] ( ,l[e ,degree1 a fifte5? c5tury romance1 !re is allusion to a b$1 ( :i* ! head %eet is describ$ ) diamonds set & rubies bright4 ,! k+ ( ,engl&1 9 #achh1 ref]s1 9 a lett]1 to a b$ ( gold clo?4 ,wall hang+s 9 b$rooms 7 also mo/ elaborate1 & ! effect ( a *amb] adorn$ ) gold & ne$lework mu/ h be5 fairly regal4 ,an embroid]] nam$ ,delobel made a set ( furni%+s = ! b$room ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ! "w ^u :i* occupi$ ?ree ye>s4 ,! subject 0 ! ,triumph ( ,v5us4 ,9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum !re is a f\rte5? c5tury l95 clo? ( ,g]man workman%ip1 ^u :i* occurs ! leg5d ( ! unicorn1 runn+ = protection to a maid54 ,an old ,be/i>y describes h[ ! unicorn1 or z x is !re call$1 ! monoc]us1 is an animal :i* has "o horn on its head3 x is caught by means ( a virg94 ,! unicorn & virg91 ) a hunt] 9 pursuit1 is q a fav\rite bit ( symbolism 9 ! middle ages4 ,ano!r int]e/+ piece ( ,g]man embroid]y 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton is a table clo?1 work$ on heavy canvas1 9 h]aldic /yle3 long decorative inscriptions embelli% ! corn]s4 ,a lib]al translation ( ^! v]ses is giv5 by ,dr4 ,rock1 "s ( ! s5t5ces be+ qua9t & int]e/+ to quote4 ,evid5tly ! embroid]ess indulg$ 9 autobiography 9 ! foll[+3 ,& %e1 to hon\r ! esquire h] husb&1 wi%$ to adorn & increase 8 h\se furniture1 & !re has work$1 ) h] own h&1 ?is & /ill _m o!r pretty clo?s1 to h] memory4 ,& 9 ano!r corn]1 ,n[ foll[s "h my own bir?day4 ,:5 "o wrote #aefe my "m's he>t 0 gladd5$ by my fir/ cry4 ,9 ! ye> #aehe ,i gave bir? my self to a daught]4 ,h] "n is ,emilia ,ca?>9a1 & %e has be5 a prop] & praisewor?y *ild4 ,!n1 to h] *ildr5 ! foll[+ address is direct$3 ,d n =get y\r pray]s 9 ! morn+4 ,& be temp]ate 9 y\r pleasures4 ,& make y\rselves acqua9t$ ) ! ,^w ( ,god4444 ,i besee* y to be s9c]e 9 all matt]s4 ,t w make y great & glori\s4 ,hon\r ev]ybody accord+ to 8 /ation3 x w make y hon\rably kn[n4 ,y1 my truly belov$ sons1 bew>e ( fi]y w9es444 y1 my truly belov$ daught]s1 pres]ve & gu>d y\r hon\r1 & reflect be=e y d any?+3 _m h be5 l$ into evil by act+ fir/ & ?9k+ aft]w>ds4 ,9 ano!r comp>tm5t1 a lam5t goes up 9 :i* %e deplores ! dea? ( h] husb&4 ,8 age 0 sixty & eight ye>s1 %e says4 ,! dropsy has kill$ him4 ,i1 8 afflict$ ,anna ,blick9 von ,lie*t5p]g :o 0 left beh9d1 h relat$ x ) my h& 9 ?is clo?1 t might be kn[n to my *ildr5 ?is great] sorr[ :i* ,god has s5t me4 ,! clo? is a naive & unusual record ( ,g]man home life4 ,ecclesia/ical embroid]y began 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,9 e>lie/ days ! "w 0 enhanc$ ) quantities ( gold ?read4 ,! %r\d 9 :i* ,/4 ,cu?b]t's body 0 wrapp$ is a mass ( gold3 a ,lat9 inscription on ! ve/m5ts 9 :i* ! body 0 clad may be ?us translat$3 ,que5 to ,alfr$'s son & successor1 ,edw>d ! ,eld]1 0 "o ,aelfla$1 :o caus$ ?is /ole & maniple to be made = a gift to ,fride/an consecrat$ ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 ,a4 ,d4 #ije4 ,! maniple is ( wov5 gold1 ) spaces left vacant = ne$lework embroid]y4 ,su* g>m5ts = burial 7 n uncommon2 b !y h z a rule p]i%$ f _! long resid5ce und]gr\nd4 ,/4 ,cu?b]t's ve/m5ts are spl5did examples ( t5? c5tury "w 9 ,engl&4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,ii41 & 8 wife ,aelfla$1 ,bi%op ,fri!/an also hav+ pass$ away1 ,a!l/an1 z ,k+1 made a pilgrimage to ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t & be/[$ ^! valuable embroid]ies !re4 ,!y 7 remov$ f ! body ( ! sa9t 9 #ahbg4 ,! /yle ( ! "w incl9es to ,byzant9e4 ,! ,saxon embroid]ies mu/ h be5 v decorative3 a robe is describ$ by ,aldhelme 9 #gji1 z ( a mo/ delicate ?read ( purple1 adorn$ ) black circles & peacocks4 ,at ! *ur* at ,croyl& "s ve/m5ts 7 decorat$ ) birds ( gold cut out & applique & at ,exet] !y _h no?+ ab\t !m b true ne$lework4 ,9 ! ,lib] ,eli5sis1 9 ! ,munim5t room at ,ely1 is an acc\nt ( a gift to ! *ur* by ,que5 ,emma1 ! wife ( ,k+ ,knut1 :o on a c]ta9 day came to ,ely 9 a boat1 accompani$ by 8 wife ! ,que5 ,emma1 & ! *ief nobles ( 8 k+dom4 ,?is royal pres5t 0 a purple clo? work$ ) gold & set ) jewels = ,/4 ,awdry's %r9e1 & ! ,monk ,?omas assures u t none o!r c\ld be f\nd 9 ! k+dom ( ! ,engli% ( su* ri*ness & beauty ( workman%ip4 ,! v>i\s /it*es 9 ,engli% "w _h _! sev]al names1 ! opus plum>ium1 or /raight ov]lapp+ /it*es1 resembl+ ! fea!rs ( a bird2 ! opus pluv>ium1 or cross /it*1 & _m o!rs4 ,a great deal ( "w 0 accompli%$ by means ( applique 9 sat9 & silk1 & sometimes ! gr\nd 0 pa9t$1 z has already be5 describ$ 9 ,italian "w4 ,9 ! ye> #abdf ,mat!w ,p>is writes3 ,ab\t ?is "t ! ,"l ,pope1 ,innoc5t ,,iv41 hav+ obs]v$ t ! ecclesia/ical ornam5ts ( "s ,engli%m51 su* z *ori/]s' copes & mitres1 7 embroid]$ 9 gold ?read1 aft] a v desirable fa%ion1 ask$ :]e ^! works 7 made1 & receiv$ 9 answ]1 ',engl&4' ,!n1 said ! ,pope1 ,engl& is surely a g>d5 ( delight = u2 x is truly a nev] fail+ ,spr+1 & !re :]e _m ?+s ab\nd mu* may be extort$4 ,?is f> sight$ ,pope1 ) 8 semi-comm]cial views1 avail$ himself ( 8 discov]y4 ,9 ! days ( ,ana/atius1 ecclesia/ical g>m5ts 7 spok5 ( by "n accord+ to ! motive ( _! designs3 = in/ance1 ! peacock g>m5t1 ! elephant *asuble1 & ! lion cope4 ,full] tells ( ! use ( a pall z an ecclesia/ical ve/m5t1 rem>k+ t]sely3 ,x is made up ( lamb's wool & sup]/ition4 ,m$iaeval embroid]]s 9 ,engl& got into c]ta9 habits ( "w1 s t !re are "s designs :i* are almo/ z hall-m>ks to ,engli% "w2 ! ,*]ubim ov] ! :eel is especially *>act]i/ic1 z is also ! vase ( lilies1 & v>i\s h]aldic devices :i* are less frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! embroid]$ "w ( ,european peoples4 ,! ,syon ,cope is p]haps ! mo/ conspicu\s example ( ! m$iaeval embroid]]'s art4 ,x 0 made by nuns ab\t ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 9 a conv5t ne> ,cov5try4 ,x is solid /it*]y on a canvas gr\nd1 wr\ght ab\t ) div]s col\rs on gre54 ,! design is laid out 9 a s]ies ( int]lac+ squ>e =ms1 ) r\nd$ & b>b$ sides & corn]s4 ,9 ea* ( ^! is a figure or a scriptural sc5e4 ,! orphreys1 or /raight bord]s :i* g d[n bo? fronts ( ! cope1 are decorat$ ) h]aldic *>ges4 ,mu* ( ! embroid]y is rais$1 & wr\ght 9 ! /it* kn[n z ,opus ,anglicanum4 ,! effect 0 produc$ by press+ a heat$ metal knob into ! "w at su* po9ts z 7 to be rais$4 ,! real embroid]y 0 execut$ on a flat surface1 & !n boss$ up by ?is means until x look$ l bas-relief4 ,! /it*es 9 e "p run 9 zig-zags1 ! ve/m5ts1 & ev5 ! nimbi ab\t ! heads1 are all execut$ ) ! /it*es slant+ 9 "o direction1 f ! c5tre ( ! cope outw>d1 )\t consid]ation ( ! positions ( ! figures4 ,ea* face is work$ 9 circul> progression outw>d f ! c5tre1 z well4 ,! int]laces are ( crimson1 & look well on ! gre5 gr\nd4 ,! :eel$ ,*]ubim is well develop$ 9 ! design ( ?is fam\s cope1 & is a pleas+ decorative bit ( ar*aic ecclesia/icism4 ,9 ! c5tral design ( ! ,crucifixion1 ! figure ( ! ,"l is r5d]$ 9 silv] on a gold gr\nd4 ,! anatomy is accord+ to ! rules laid d[n by an old s]moniz]1 9 a book entitl$ ,! ,fe/ival1 :]e9 x is /at$ t ! body ( ,*ri/ 0 drawn on ! cross z a sk9 ( p>*m5t on a h>r[1 s t all 8 bones might be told4 ,) su* in/ruction1 !re 0 no?+ left = ! m$iaeval embroid]]s b to r5d] ! figure ) z mu* reali/ic emaciation z possible4 ,! h]aldic ornam5ts on ! ,syon ,cope are especially int]e/+ to all /ud5ts ( ?is graceful art4 ,x is n our purpose "h to make mu* allusion to ?is aspect ( ! "w1 b x is ( g5]al int]e/ to "k t on ! orphreys1 ! devices ( mo/ ( ! noble families ( t day appe>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,syon ,,cope ,engli% embroid]y fell (f greatly 9 excell5ce dur+ ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses4 ,9 ! lat] some:at deg5]ate rais$ embroid]y1 x 0 cu/om>y to repres5t ! hair ( angels by little tuft$ curls ( auburn silk6 ,_m ( ! mo/ important examples ( anci5t ecclesia/ical embroid]y are 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,a pair ( orphreys ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ( ,g]man "w 7probably made at ,cologne71 %[s a little *oir ( angels play+ on musical in/rum5ts4 ,^! figures are cut out & appli$ on crimson silk1 9 :at 0 call$ cut "w4 ,?is diff]$ entirely f :at mod]n embroid]]s mean by cut "w1 z has be5 expla9$4 ,! ,dalmatic ( ,*>lemagne is giv5 by ,l\is ,f>cy to ! twelf? c5tury4 ,he calls x ! ,dalmatic ( ,leo ,,iii4 ,b ,lady ,al=d claims = ?is "w a great] antiquity4 ,c]ta9ly1 z "o /udies its details1 "o is conv9c$ t x is n q a ,go?ic "w1 nor yet is x ,byzant9e2 = ! figures h all ! grace ( ,greek "w prior to ! age ( ,byzant9e /iffness4 ,x is embroid]$ *iefly 9 gold1 on a delicate blui% sat9 gr\nd1 & has n be5 transf]r$1 al?\gh x has be5 c>efully re/or$4 ,! c5tral ornam5t on ! front is a circul> composition1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! figures bo? "h & on ! back sugge/s t ,sir ,edw>d ,burne ,jones mu/ h made a /udy ( ?is magnific5t dalmatic1 f :i* x w\ld seem t mu* ( 8 inspiration might h be5 drawn4 ,! composition is s+ul>ly re/ful & rhy?mical4 ,! little black outl9es to ! :ite silk faces1 & to ! gl[+ figures1 give ?is "w a peculi>ly decorative quality1 n (t5 se5 9 o!r embroid]ies ( ! p]iod4 ,x is unique & "o ( ! mo/ valuable examples ( its art 9 ! _w4 ,x is n[ 9 ! ,treasury ( ! ,vatican4 ,:5 ,*>lemagne sang ! ,gospel at ,high ,mass on ! day ( 8 ,coronation1 ?is 0 8 ve/m5t4 ,x mu/ h be5 a /rangely gorge\s sight :5 ,cola di ,ri5zi1 accord+ to ,"l ,l9dsay1 took ?is dalmatic1 & plac$ x ov] 8 arm\r1 &1 ) 8 cr[n & trun*eon1 asc5d$ to ! palace ( ! ,popes6 ,a v curi\s ,italian piece ( ! f\rte5? c5tury is an alt> frontal1 on :i* ! subjects introduc$ are /range4 ,x displays sc5es f ! life ( ,/4 ,ubaldo1 ) "s incid5ts also 9 t ( ,/4 ,julian ,hospital]4 ,/4 ,ubaldo is se5 =giv+ a mason :o1 hav+ run a wall across 8 private gr\nds1 _h knock$ ! sa9t d[n = remon/rat+4 ,ano!r sc5e %[s ! dea? b$ ( ! sa9t1 & ! conv]sion ( a possess$ man at ! foot ( ! b$3 a lady is ?r[+ h] arms above h] head 9 a/oni%m5t :ile ! evil _s flies f its victim into ! air4 ,lat]1 ! sa9t is se5 go+ to ! grave 9 a c>t drawn by ox54 ,illu/ration3 ,,dalmatic ,,( ,,*>lemagne ,! peacock 0 symbolical bo? ( knightly vigilance & ( ,*ri/ian wat*fulness4 ,an old ,anglo-,norman1 ,osmont1 writes3 ,! eye-speckl$ fea!rs %\ld w>n a man t nev] too (t5 c he h 8 eyes wide op51 & gaze inw>dly ^u 8 own he>t4 ,^! de> p 7 s introspective & self-consci\s1 always look+ = tr\ble--9 _! own motives1 ev5--t no d\bt _m good impulses p]i%$ unnotic$1 :ile ! orig9ator 0 *as+ m5tal phantoms ( h]esy & impurity4 ,pa9t+ & jewelry 7 sometimes introduc$ 9 connection ) embroid]ies4 ,9 ! celebrat$ ,cope ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an1 ! faces & h&s ( ! p]sonages are r5d]$ 9 pa9t+2 b ?is me?od 0 m g5]ally adopt$ 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 :5 s9c]ity c\nt$ = less ?an effect1 & :5 g5u9e religi\s f]v\r = giv+ "o's "t & be/ lab\r to ! ,"l's s]vice no long] dom9at$ ! work]s4 ,gold ?read 0 us$ ext5sively 9 ,engli% "w1 & spangles 7 add$ at q an e>ly p]iod1 z well z actual jewels set 9 floral designs4 ,! f9e/ "w 0 accompli%$ 9 ! ,go?ic p]iod1 be=e ! ,r5aissance came ) its aimless scrolls to detract f ! dignity ( *ur*ly ornam5t4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! w+$ angels h (t5 a deg5]ate similitude to tightly lac$ coryphees1 :o balance !mselves ^u _! :eels z if !y 7 p]=m+ a vaudeville turn4 ,!y are n z dignifi$ z _! ar*aic pr$ecessors4 ,v ri* fun]al palls 7 9 vogue 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,a description ( ,pr9ce ,ar?ur's burial 9 #aejb relates h[ num]\s palls 7 be/[$1 app>5tly mu* z fri5ds w\ld s5d wrea?s or important floral tributes to-day4 ,! ,"l ,p[ys w5t to ! ,que]e ,doore1 writes ,lel&1 :]e two g5tlem5 u%]s deliv]$ him a ri*e pall ( clo? ( g\ld ( tissue1 :i* he (f]$ to ! corpse1 :]e two ,(fic]s ( ! ,armes receiv$ x1 & laid x along ! corpse4 ,! ,"l ,dudley 9 l mann] (f]$ a pall444 ! ,"l ,grey ,ru!n (f]$ ano!r1 & e ea* ( ! ?ree ,e>ls (f]$ to ! corpse ?ree palls ( ! same clo? ( g\ld444 all ! palls 7 layd crosse ov] ! corpse4 ,! acc\nt ( ! obsequies ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 also conta9s m5tion ( ^! fun]al palls3 ! ,e>ls & ,dukes came 9 procession1 f ! ,ve/ry1 ) c]ta9 palls1 :i* ev]ie ( !m did br+ solemnly betwe5 _! h&s & com+ 9 ord] "o be=e ano!r z !y 7 9 degree1 unto ! said h]se1 !y kiss$ _! said palls444 & laid !m ^u ! ,k+'s corpse4 ,at ,ann ( ,cleves' burial ! same ?+ 0 repeat$1 9 #aeeg4 ,f9ally ^! ri* %imm]+ hang+s came to be kn[n 9 ,engl& z clo? ( pall1 :e!r !y 7 us$ = fun]als or coronations1 = bridals or pageants4 ,! ,london ,city ,guilds possess$ magnific5t palls2 especially well kn[n is t ( ! ,fi%mong]s1 ) its kneel+ angels sw++ c5s]s2 ?is pall is frequ5tly reproduc$ 9 works on embroid]y4 ,x is embroid]$ magnific5tly ) angels1 sa9ts1 & /range to say1 m]maids4 ,! peacock's w+s ( ! angels make a mo/ decorative feature 9 ?is fam\s piece ( old embroid]y4 ,! ,arms ( ! ,company are also emblazon$4 ,fr5* embroid]]s are kn[n by "n 9 _m in/ances2 9 #abii allusion 0 made to ,clem5t le ,brodeur1 :o furni%$ a cope = ! ,c\nt ( ,artois1 & 9 #acaf a magnific5t set ( hang+s 0 made = ! ,que51 by "o ,gauti] de ,p\lleigny4 ,nicolas ,waqui] 0 arm\r] & embroid]] to ,k+ ,john 9 #aceb4 ,among ,c\rt work]s 9 #achd 7 ,p]r9 ,gale1 & ,h5riet ,gauti]4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,rules by ,eti5ne ,boileau1 gov]n+ ! ,embroid]]s & embroid]esses ( ! ,city ( ,p>is1 "o ( ! *ief laws 0 t no "w %\ld be p]mitt$ 9 ! ev5+1 because ! "w ( ! night _c be s good or s satisfactory z t accompli%$ 9 ! day4 ,:5 "o rememb]s ! facilities = ev5+ light+ 9 ! middle ages1 "o fully appreciates ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t4 ,mat!w ,p>is1 9 8 ,life ( ,/4 ,alban1 tells ( an excell5t embroid]ess1 ,*ri/9e1 ,prioress ( ,m>gate1 :o liv$ 9 ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury sev]al names occur4 ,adam de ,baz+e made1 9 #abda1 by ord] ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 ( ,engl&1 a cope = ! ,bi%op ( ,h]e=d4 ,cunegonde1 ,abbess ( ,goss1 9 ,/yria1 accompli%$ num]\s important works 9 t p]iod4 ,also1 ,h5ry ,,iii4 employ$ ,jean de ,sum]cote to make jewell$ robes ( /ate4 ,on a c]ta9 ?irte5? c5tury *asuble are ! words ,p5ne fit me 7,p5ne made me71 po9t+ to ! exi/5ce ( a ne$lework] ( t "n4 ,among ! names ( ! f\rte5? c5tury are ^? ( ,gauti] de ,bruceles1 ,r5i] de ,treit1 ,gauti] de ,p\logne1 & ,jean de ,laon1 :ile ,jean ,h>5t ( ,calais is record$ z hav+ work$1 = ,mme4 d',artois1 9 #acai1 a robe decorat$ a be/elettes et a te/es4 ,^! names prove t ! art _h be5 taught 9 _m cities & c\ntries3 ,ogi] de ,gant1 ,jean de ,savoie1 ,eti5ne le ,hongre1 & ,rog] de ,v>5nes1 all sugge/ a cosmopolitan & disp]s$ numb] ( work]s1 :o f9ally all appe>$ 9 ,p>is4 ,r5e d',anj\ _h 9 8 employ a work] 9 embroid]y1 nam$ ,pi]re du ,villant4 ,?is arti/ execut$ a set ( ne$lework pieces = ! ,ca!dral ( ,ang]s1 ( su* important proportions t !y 7 kn[n collectively z ,la ,gr&e ,brod]ie4 ,9 #adfb1 :5 !y 7 put 9 place1 a special mass 0 p]=m$ by way ( a d$ication4 ,! lett] :i* accompani$ ?is pr9cely donation conta9$ ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 ,we1 ,r5e1 by ! ,grace ( ,god444 give444 to ?is *ur*444 ! adornm5ts = a *apell all composd ( gold5 embroid]y1 compris+ five pieces 7:i* are enum]at$7 & an alt> clo? illu/rat$ ) sc5es f ! ,passion ( ,our ,savi\r4444 ,giv5 9 our ca/le 9 ,ang]s1 ! f\r? day ( ,m>*1 #adfb4 ,r5e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,embroid]y1 #ae,,? ,,c5tury1 ,,cologne ,9 #adgi ano!r alt> frontal 0 pres5t$4 ,two o!r ri* *apels 7 end[$ by ,r5e4 ,"o 0 kn[n z ,la ,*apelle ,joyeuse1 & ! o!r z ,la ,gr&e ,*apelle des ,trepasses4 ,x is likely t ! same embroid]] execut$ ! pieces ( all ^!4 ,a guild ( embroid]]s 0 9 /&+ 9 ,seville 9 #adcc1 :]e ,ord9ances 7 en=c$ to protect f fraud & o!rwise to regulate ?is indu/ry4 ,! same laws 7 9 exi/5ce 9 ,tol$o4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ & l>ge/ pieces ( embroid]y 9 ,spa9 is kn[n z ! ,t5t ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella4 ,?is 0 us$ 9 #adhh1 :5 c]ta9 ,engli% ,ambassadors 7 ent]ta9$4 ,! foll[+ is _! description ( its use4 ,aft] ! tilt+ 0 ov]1 ! maje/ies return$ to ! palace1 & took ! ,ambassadors ) !m1 & ent]$ a l>ge room444 & !re !y sat "u a ri* clo? ( /ate ( crimson velvet1 ri*ly embroid]$1 ) ! arms ( ,ca/ile & ,aragon4 ,a curi\s effect mu/ h be5 produc$ by a piece ( embroid]y describ$ 9 ! inv5tory ( ,*>les ,v41 z two little pill[s ) savage bea/s hav+ ! heads ( arm$ m51 & g>ni%$ ) pe>ls4 ,aft] ! ,re=mation x became cu/om>y to use ecclesia/ical ornam5ts = dome/ic purposes4 ,heyl91 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation1 makes m5tion ( _m private m5's p>l\rs :i* 7 hung ) alt> clo?s1 & _! tables & b$s cov]$ ) copes in/ead ( c>petts & cov]lids4 ,ka!r9e ( ,aragon1 :ile ! wife ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 consol$ h]self 9 h] unsatisfactory life by ne$lework3 x is relat$ t %e & h] ladies occupi$ !mselves work+ ) _! own h&s some?+ wr\ght 9 ne$lework1 co/ly & artificially1 :i* %e int5d$ to ! hon\r ( ,god to be/[ ^u "s *ur*es4 ,ka!r9e ( ,aragon 0 su* a devot$ ne$lewoman1 9 fact1 t on "o occasion ,burnet records t %e /epp$ out to speak to two ambassadors1 ) a ske9 ( silk ab\t h] neck1 & expla9$ t %e _h be5 embroid]+ ) h] ladies :5 !y 7 ann\nc$4 ,9 an old sonnet %e is ?us commemorat$3 ,%e to ! eigh? k+ ,h5ry m>ri$ 0 ,& aft]w>ds divorc$1 :5 virtu\sly1 ,al?\gh a que51 yet %e h] days did pass ,9 work+ ) ! ne$le curi\sly4 ,que5 ,elizabe? 0 also a clev] embroid]]2 %e work$ a book-cov] = ,ka!r9e ,p>r1 be>+ ! initials ,k4 ,p41 & x is n[ 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y at ,ox=d4 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots 0 also said to be skilful ) h] ne$le2 9 fact x seems to h be5 ! consolation ( mo/ que5s 9 _! re/rict$ exi/5ce 9 ^? c5turies4 ,dr4 ,rock consid]s t ! corporal :i* ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots _h b\nd ab\t h] eyes at ! "t ( h] execution1 0 9 reality a piece ( h] own ne$le-"w1 probably wr\ght ^u f9e l954 ,knight1 9 describ+ ! sc5e 9 8 ,picturesque ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 says3 ,!n ! maid ,k5n$y took a h&k]*ief edg$ ) gold1 9 :i* ! ,eu*>i/ _h =m]ly be5 enclos$1 & fa/5$ x ov] h] eyes2 s acc\nts diff] & traditions all[ consid]able scope = v>i$ pref]r$ int]pretation4 ,x is /at$ t ,ca!r9e de ,m$icis 0 fond ( ne$lework1 pass+ h] ev5+s embroid]+ 9 silk :i* 0 z p]fect z 0 possible1 says ,brantome4 ,anne ( ,brittany in/ruct$ ?ree hundr$ ( ! *ildr5 ( ! nobles at h] c\rt1 9 ! use ( ! ne$le4 ,^! *ildr5 produc$ sev]al tape/ries1 :i* 7 pres5t$ by ! que5 to v>i\s *ur*es4 ,! volatile ,c\ntess ( ,%rewsbury1 ! mu* m>ri$ ,bess ( ,h>dwick1 0 a good embroid]ess1 :o work$1 probably1 9 company ) ! ,que5 ( ,scots :5 t un=tunate woman 0 "u ! gu>dian%ip ( ! ,e>l ( ,%rewsbury4 ,"o ( ^! pieces is sign$ ,e4 ,s41 & dat$ #aeij4 ,a =m ( intricate patt]n embroid]y 9 black silk on f9e l95 0 execut$ 9 ,spa9 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & 0 kn[n z black "w4 ,visc\nt ,falkl& owns "s important specim5s ( ?is curi\s "w4 ,x 0 introduc$ into ,engl& by ,ka!r9e ( ,aragon1 & became v popul>1 be+ exce$+ly suitable & s]viceable = p]sonal adornm5t4 ,! black 0 (t5 reliev$ by gold or silv] ?read4 ,! ,petit ,po9t1 or s+le squ>e /it* on canvas1 became popul> 9 ,engl& dur+ ! reign ,elizabe?4 ,x sugge/$ ,gobel9s tape/ry1 on a small scale1 :5 f9i%$1 al?\gh ! me?od ( execution is q diff]5t1 be+ ne$lework pure & simple4 ,9 ,elizabe?'s "t 0 incorporat$ ! ,london ,company ( ,brod]]s1 :i* fl\ri%$ until ab\t ! reign ( ,*>les ,i41 :5 !re is a compla9t regi/]$ t trade 0 s mu* decay$ & gr[n out ( use1 t a great "p ( ! company1 = want ( employm5t1 7 mu* impov]i%$4 ,rais$ embroid]y1 :5 x 0 padd$ ) cotton1 0 call$ ,/ump ,"w4 ,?is 0 made ext5sively by ! nuns ( ,little ,gidd+ 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies4 ,decid$ *anges & developm5ts took place 9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 9 all =ms ( embroid]y1 b ^! are n = u to consid] at pres5t4 ,a /udy ( hi/oric samples alone is mo/ tempt+1 b !re is no space = ! intrusion ( any subject mu* lat] ?an ! ,r5aissance4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,sculpture ,,9 ,,/one 7,france & ,italy7 ,sculpture is n prop]ly speak+ ! pla/ic art1 z is (t5 und]/ood4 ,! real mean+ ( sculpture is "w :i* is cut into =m1 :]eas pla/ic art is "w t is m\ld$ or ca/ into =m4 ,t]ra cotta1 :i* is aft]w>ds bak$1 is pla/ic2 & yet becomes h>d2 ?us a ,tanagra figur9e is an example ( pla/ic art1 :ile a ,flor5t9e m>ble /atuette is a product ( sculpture4 ,! two are (t5 conf\nd$4 ,we %all allude to !m "u diff]5t heads1 tak+ = our consid]ation n[ only su* sculpture z is ! result ( cutt+ 9 ! /one4 ,! "w ( ,luca ,della ,robbia w n be treat$ z sculpture 9 ?is book4 ,luca ,della ,robbia is a work] 9 pla/ic art1 :ile ,adam ,kraft1 hew+ directly at ! /one1 is a sculptor4 ,we h no occasion to /udy ! art ( ! sculptor :o produces actual /atues2 only s f> z sculpture is a companion to ar*itecture1 & a decorative art1 does x come )9 ! scope ( ! arts & crafts4 ,figure sculpture1 !n1 is only consid]$ :5 /rictly ( a monum5tal "*4 ,9 attack+ su* a subject z sculpture 9 ! ,middle ,ages x is impossible to d m ?an indicate ! g5]al t5d5cies 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,b !re are c]ta9 def9$ *>act]i/ics an obs]vance ( :i* w make cle> to any read] v>i\s fundam5tal pr9ciples by :i* x is easy to det]m9e ! approximate age & /yle ( works4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! great g5]al rule ( treatm5t ( /one 9 ! ,nor? & 9 ! ,s\? is to be m5tion$4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn c\ntries1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,engl&1 ! /one :i* 0 employ$ = build+s & _! decorations 0 obta9able 9 l>ge blocks & masses2 x 0 :at1 = our purposes1 we w call ord9>y /one1 & c\ld be us$ 9 ! solid2 !re=e x 0 possible = c>v+ 9 ! ,nor? to be r5d]$ z deeply & z r\ndly z ! sculptor desir$4 ,9 ,s\!rn c\ntries1 h[ev]1 & *iefly 9 ,italy1 ! /one us$ = build+ 0 n ord9>y1 b semi-preci\s /one4 ,m>ble1 porphyry1 & alaba/] 7 available2 & ! use ( su* mat]ial l$ to a diff]5t ideal 9 ar*itecture & decoration1--t ( incru/ation in/ead ( solid pil+4 ,^! valuable /ones ( ,italy c\ld n be us$1 g5]ally speak+1 9 va/ blocks1 into :i* ! *isel 0 at lib]ty to pl\gh z x pleas$2 :5 a mass ( m>ble or alaba/] 0 obta9$1 ! ae/hetic s\l ( ! ,italian craftsman revolt$ aga9/ %utt+ up all t beauty ( ve9+ & texture 9 ! conf9es ( a solid squ>e1 ( :i* only ! two sides %\ld ev] be visible1 & (t5 only "o4 ,s he cut 8 preci\s block into slices3 made slabs & %all[ surfaces ( x1 & ^! he laid1 z an outw>d adornm5t to 8 build+1 ^u a sub/ructure ( brick or rubble4 ,x is easy to p]ceive1 !n1 ! diff]5ce ( ! problem ( ! sculptors ( ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,! pla91 solid ,nor!rn build+ 0 capable ( unlimit$ enri*m5t by c>v+2 ?is c>v+1 :5 deeply cut1 ) =cible projection1 act$ z a noble embelli%m5t 9 :i* ! pr9cipal feature 0 a v>i$ play ( light & %ade2 ! /one hav+ little *>m ( col\r or texture 9 itself1 dep5d$ = its beauty entirely ^u its bold relief1 its r\nd$ /atu>y1 & its well %ap$ *isell$ ornam5t4 ,! %all[ surface1 already beautiful1 bo? 9 col\r & texture1 9 ! ,s\!rn build+ mat]ial1 call$ only = enri*m5t 9 l[ relief3 ornam5t only slightly rais$ f ! level or simply p]=at+ ! ?9 slab ( gl[+ /one on :i* x 0 us$ 0 ! m usual *oice ( ! ,italian craftsman4 ,?is /atem5t applies1 ( c\rse1 only to g5]al pr9ciples ( ! art ( sculpture2 !re is "s flat bas-relief 9 ! ,nor?1 & "s r\nd$ sculpture 9 ! ,s\?2 b z a rule ! t5d5cies are z !y h j be5 outl9$4 ,ano!r diff]5ce betwe5 sculpture 9 ! ,nor? & ,s\? is due to ! fact t 9 ,italy ! "w 0 individual1 z a rule1 & 9 ,france x 0 ! lab\r ( a ,guild or company4 ,9 ,italy x is usually kn[n :o 0 ! au?or ( any /rik+ piece ( sculpture1 :ile 9 ,france x is ! exception :5 a "w is sign$1 or ! names ( artisans record$4 ,9 ,italy1 !n1 ea* piece 0 made m ) a view to its own display1 ?an z a "p ( a build+1 :ile 9 ,france /atu>y 0 reg>d$ z an integral "p ( ! ar*itecture1 & r[s ( figures 7 us$ z commonly z r[s ( columns 9 ,italy4 ,x is tragic to ?9k ( ! p]sonal skill & brilliancy ( all ^! great ,fr5* craftsm5 be+ absorb$ 9 "o g5]al reputation1 :ile !re 7 und\bt$ly among !m great art p]sonalities :o w\ld h /ood equally ) ! ,pisani if !y _h be5 recogniz$4 ,a good deal ( flat c>v+1 especially 9 ! int]lace & acan?us ( ,rav5na1 0 accompli%$ by comm5c+ ) a s]ies ( drill$ holes1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds *annell$ into ea* o!r & =m$ patt]ns4 ,:5 ! subsequ5t f9i% is n p>ticul>ly delicate1 x is q easy to detect ^! symmetrical holes1 b ! effect1 "u ! circum/ances1 is n objectionable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,capital ,,f ,,rav5na ,! process ( cutt+ a bas-relief 0 g5]ally to outl9e ! :ole ) an incision1 & !n cut away ! backgr\nd1 leav+ ! simple elevat$ flat value1 ! %ape ( ! propos$ design4 ,! modell+ 0 !n add$ by degrees1 until ! figure look$ l half ( a r\nd$ object4 ,:ile x is (t5 unpractical to ref] "o's read]s to examples ( "w 9 f> & v>i\s c\ntries1 & advise !m in/antly to exam9e !m1 x is frequ5tly possible to call att5tion to well-produc$ plates 9 c]ta9 mod]n art books :i* are 9 ne>ly e public libr>y4 ,to und]/& ?or\ghly ! use ( ! drill 9 flat sculpture1 ,i wi% my read]s w\ld ref] to ,fig4 #aba 9 ,mr4 ,russell ,/urgis's ,arti/'s ,way ( ,work+1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,9 a qua9t treatise on ,belles ,lettres 9 ,france ne>ly two c5turies ago1 by ,c>l5cas1 ! writ] says3 ,x is to no great purpose to speak ( ! ,go?ick sculptures3 = ev]ybody kn[s t !y are ! works ( a rude art1 =m$ 9 spite ( nature & rules3 sad productions ( b>br\s & dull spirits1 :i* disfigure our old *ur*es4 ,fie on a ,fr5*man :o c\ld s express himself6 ,we recall ! /ory ( h[ ,viollet le ,duc made ! p ( ,p>is appreciate ! wond]ful c>v+s on ,notre ,dame4 ,all ! rage 9 ,france 0 = ,greek & ,roman rema9s1 & ! p p]si/$ 9 _! adoration ( ! antique1 b w\ld n deign to look ne>] home1 at _! great m$iaeval works ( art4 ,s ! ar*itect _h pla/] ca/s made ( ! pr9cipal figures on ! ca!dral1 & ^! 7 treat$ s z to look l anci5t m>ble /atues2 he !n op5$ an exhibition1 purport+ to %[ new discov]ies & excavations among antiques4 ,! exhibition 0 ?rong$1 & ev]yone 0 deeply int]e/$1 express+ ! greate/ admiration = ! m>vell\sly expressive sculptures4 ,viollet le ,duc !n admitt$ :at he _h done1 & confess+ t ^! treasures 7 to be f\nd 9 _! native city1 advis$ !m to pay m att5tion to ! beauties ( ,go?ic art 9 ,p>is4 ,we w n ent] into a discussion ( ! relative m]its ( ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn art2 :e!r ! great revival really orig9at$ 9 ,france or ,italy2 b ?is is c]ta93 ,nicolo ,pisano liv$ 9 ! latt] half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :ile ! great sculptures ( ,notre ,dame1 ,p>is1 & ^? ( ,*>tres1 7 execut$ half a c5tury e>li]4 ,b prior to ei!r 7 ! ,byzant9e & ,romanesque sculptures 9 ,italy & ,s\!rn ,france4 ,our att5tion mu/ fir/ be turn$ to !m4 ,*>les ,eliot ,norton's def9ition ( ?is ^w ,romanesque is z satisfactory z any t c\ld be in/anc$3 ,x v ne>ly corresponds to ! t]m ( ,romance z appli$ to language4 ,x signifies ! d]ivation ( ! ma9 elem5ts1 bo? 9 plan & con/ruction1 f ! works ( ! lat] ,roman ,empire4 ,b ,romanesque ar*itecture 7& ?is applies equally to sculpture7 0 n1 z x has be5 call$1 a corrupt$ imitation ( ! ,roman ar*itecture1 any m ?an ! ,prov5cal or ! ,italian language 0 a corrupt$ imitation ( ! ,lat94 ,x 0 a new ?+1 ! sl[ly matur$ product ( a long p]iod ( _m influ5ces4 ,all m$iaeval c>v+ 0 subord9ate to ar*itecture1 !re=e e piece ( c>v+ 0 design$ ) a view to be+ suitable to appe> 9 "s special place4 ,! mo/ /rik+ diff]5ce betwe5 m$iaeval & lat] sculpture is t ! latt] is design$ z a ?+ ap>t1 an object to be /ood any:]e to be admir$ = its intr9sic m]it1 in/ead ( be+ a functional compon5t 9 a g5]al s*eme = beautify+ a giv5 build+4 ,! use ( ! int]lace 9 all primitive arts is v int]e/+4 ,x und\bt$ly began 9 an unconsci\s imitation ( local ar*itecture4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 ! build+ 9 e>lie/ times 0 ) wattles3 practically walls ( basket "w4 ,william ( ,malmsbury says t ,gla/onbury 0 a mean /ructure ( wattle "w1 :ile ( ! ,mona/]y ( ,iona1 x is relat$ t 9 #efc1 ,columba s5t =? 8 monks to ga!r twigs to build 8 hospice4 ,briti% baskets 7 fam\s ev5 s f> away z ,rome4 ,s ! fir/ idea ( ornam5t 0 to copy ! int]lac+ =ms4 ,! same idea 0 work$ out syn*ron\sly 9 metal "w1 & 9 illum9at$ books4 ,c>v+ 9 /one1 wood1 & ivory1 %[ ! same influ5ce4 ,debas$ ,roman sculptural =ms 7 us$ 9 ,italy dur+ ! f\r? & fif? c5turies4 ,!n ,ju/9ian introduc$ ! ,byzant9e :i* 0 graft$ ^u ! ,roman1 produc+ a *>act]i/ic & fasc9at+ ?\gh b>b>ic comb9ation4 ,?is 0 ! ,romanesque1 or ,romano-,byzant9e1 9 ! ,nor? ( ,italy g5]ally be+ recogniz$ z ! ,lomb>d /yle4 ,! sculptures ( ?is p]iod1 f ! fif? to ! ?irte5? c5tury1 are blunt & heavy1 b full ( qua9t expression due to ! elem5tal & immature conditions ( ! art4 ,_m ( ! old ,byzant9e c>v+s are to be se5 9 ,italy4 ,! ,lomb>ds1 :5 invad+ ,nor!rn ,italy1 br\ght ) !m a mighty smi?1 ,paul ! ,deacon1 :o _h mu* skill ) ! hamm]4 ,:5 ^! rude ,norsem5 f\nd !mselves among ! ae/hetic treasures ( ,byzantium1 & saw ! fair ,italian m>bles1 & ! /ately "w ( ,!odoric & ,ju/9ian1 !y 7 inflam$ ) zeal = arti/ic expression1 & began to hew & c>ve r\gh b spirit$ =ms out ( ! ,pisan & ,c>r>a /ones4 ,! animals :i* !y sculptur$ 71 z ,rusk9 has said1 all alive3 hungry & fi]ce1 wild1 ) a life-l spr+4 ,! ,byzant9e "w 0 quiesc5t3 ! designs =mal1 dec5t1 & monum5tal4 ,b ! ,lomb>ds ?rew into _! "w _! own re/less en]gy1 & "s ( _! cruelty & rel5tlessness4 ,que5 ,!odol9da1 9 h] palace at ,monza1 enc\rag$ ! arts2 x 0 because ( h] appreciative compreh5sion ( su* ?+s t ,/4 ,gregory s5t h] ! fam\s ,iron ,cr[n1 ( :i* a description has be5 giv51 on ! occasion ( ! baptism ( h] son4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ^! subsequ5tly civiliz$ b>b>ians _m ( ! greate/ specim5s ( c>v+ 9 ,nor? ,italy came into be+4 ,! mo/ delightful little /umpy sa9ts & sacr$ emblems may be f\nd on ! facade ( ,/4 ,mi*ele at ,pavia1 & also at ,lucca1 & on ! ,bapti/]y at ,p>ma4 ,! sculptor :o produc$ ^! works at ,p>ma 0 a v int]e/+ craftsman1 nam$ ,antelami4 ,8 ,desc5t f ! ,cross is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ pieces ( e>ly sculpture be=e ! ,pisani4 ,he liv$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! figures are ( ,byzant9e proportions & =ms1 b h a good deal ( grace & sugge/ion ( movem5t4 ,among ! e>ly names kn[n 9 ,italy is t ( ,magi/] ,orso1 ( ,v]ona4 ,ano!r1 9 ! n9? c5tury1 0 ,magi/] ,pacifico1 & 9 ! twelf? !re came ,guglielmus1 :o c>v$ ! *>m+ naive wild hunt+ sc5es on ! portal ( ,/4 ,z5o ( ,v]ona4 ,^! reliefs repres5t ,!odoric on horseback1 foll[$ by an able company ( m5 & horses :i*1 accord+ to leg5d1 7 suppli$ by ! inf]nal p[]s4 ,! eyes ( ^! fugitives h mu* expression1 be+ r5d]$ ) a drill1 & /&+ out 9 ! design z little black holes--fi]ce & effective4 ,!re is a f9e r\nd w9d[ at ,/4 ,z5o at ,v]ona1 design$ & execut$ by "o ,briolottus1 :i*1 int5d$ to repres5t ! ,:eel ( ,=tune1 is decorat$ all ov] ) little cl++ figures1 "s fall+ & "s climb+1 & has ! motto3 ,i elevate "s mortals & depose o!rs3 ,i give good or evil to all3 ,i clo! ! nak$ & /rip ! clo!d3 9 me if any "o tru/ he w be turn$ to d]ision4 ,p]haps ! mo/ wond]ful c>v+s on ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,z5o at ,v]ona are ov] ! ar*$ entrance to ! crypt4 ,^!1 be+ *iefly grotesque animal =ms1 are sign$ by ,adam9us4 ,among ! hum\r\s little conceits is a c\ple ( /rutt+ cocks c>ry+ betwe5 !m a dead fox slung on a rod4 ,rusk9 has *>act]iz$ ! c>v+s at ,v]ona1 especially ^? on ! por*1 z be+ among ! be/ examples ( ! true function ( flat decorative c>v+ 9 /one4 ,he says3 ,! prim>y condition is t ! mass %all be beautifully r\nd$1 & dispos$ ) due discretion & ord]2444 sculpture is ess5tially ! production ( a pleasant boss9ess or r\ndness ( surface4 ,! pleasantness ( t bossy condition to ! eye is irrespective ( imitation on "o side1 & ( /ructure on ! o!r4 ,! m "o consid]s ?is /atem5t1 ! m he is conv9c$ ( its compreh5siv5ess4 ,if ! lights & %ad[s fall pleasantly1 h[ little "o /ops to inquire1 ,:at is ! subject8 ,d ,i consid] t horse well proportion$1 or d ,i n8 ,is t woman 9 good draw+8 ,effectiv5ess is almo/ indep5d5t ( detail1 except z t detail affects ! law ( proportion4 ,!re are v>y+ degrees ( relief3 f flat 7:]e ! ornam5t is h>dly m ?an incis$1 & ! backgr\nd plan$ away7 to a practically solid r\nd figure cut almo/ entirely free ( its gr\nd4 ,9 ,v5ice1 until ! revival 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! ,greek ,byzant9e influ5ce 0 m>k$4 ,!re is no m complete /oreh\se ( ! art ( ! ,ea/ adapt$ to m$iaeval conditions ?an ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,if space p]mitt$1 no?+ c\ld be m delightful ?an to exam9e 9 detail ^! m>vell\s capitals & ar*ivolts :i* ,rusk9 has s lov+ly immortaliz$ = ,engli% read]s4 ,( all decorative sculpture !re is none m satisfy+ f ! ornam5tal po9t ( view ?an ! ,byzant9e int]lace & v9e =ms s usual 9 ,v5ice4 ,! only place :]e ^! may be se5 to ev5 great] advantage is ,rav5na4 ,! pi]c$ m>ble scre5s & capitals1 ) _! re/ful comb9ations ( int]lac+ b&s & delicate foliate =ms1 are n[h]e surpass$4 ,! use ( ! acan?us leaf conv5tionaliz$ 9 a /rictly primitive fa%ion *>act]izes mo/ ( ! ,byzant9e "w 9 ,italy4 ,) ^! are comb9$ delightful /iff peacocks1 & curi\s bun*es ( grapes1 rosettes1 & animal =ms ( qua9t grotesqu5ess4 ,su* "w exemplifies specially :at has be5 said reg>d+ ! use ( flat ?9 slabs = sculptural purposes 9 ! ,s\? ( ,europe4 ,ne>ly all ^! c>v+s are execut$ 9 f9e m>bles & alaba/]s4 ,! *ief works ( ?is p]iod 9 ! r\nd are lions & gryphons support+ columns z at ,ancona & ,p]ugia1 & _m o!r ,italian cities4 ,9 ,rome !re 7 sev]al sculptors ( ! "n ( ,pet]4 ,"o ( !m1 ,pet] ,amabilis1 work$ ab\t #aaig2 & ano!r1 ,pet] le ,orfev]1 w5t to ,engl& & work$ on ! tomb ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor at ,we/m9/]4 ,9 ,bologna is an int]e/+ crucifix probably c>v$ 9 ! eigh? or n9? c5tury4 ,*ri/'s figure is ^u ! cross & t ( 8 "m /&s ne>4 ,! sculptor 0 ,petrus ,alb]icus4 ,on ! cross is an inscription 9 ! =m ( a dialogue3 ,my son8 ,:at1 ,"m8 ,are y ,god8 ,i am4 ,:y d y hang on ! cross8 ,t ,mank9d may n p]i%4 ,! ,ma/]s ( ,/one & ,wood 7 among ! e>ly ,guilds & ,corporations ( ,flor5ce4 ,*>lemagne patroniz$ ?is indu/ry & help$ to develop x4 ,( craftsm5 9 ^! two bran*es exclusive ( ma/] build]s1 & recogniz$ arti/s1 !re 71 9 #abii1 ab\t a hundr$ & =ty-six memb]s ( ! ,guild4 ,italy 0 backw>d = a good :ile 9 ! progress ( art1 = :ile great activities 7 go+ on 9 ! ,nor?1 ! ,doge ( ,v5ice 9 #igf 0 oblig$ to import arti/s f ,con/ant9ople to decorate ,/4 ,m>k's *ur*4 ,! tombs ( ?is e>ly p]iod 9 ,italy1 z else:]e1 are significant & beautiful4 ,recumb5t figures1 ) _! h&s dev\tly press$ toge!r1 are usually se51 ly+ sometimes on c\*es & sometimes "u ar*itectural canopies4 ,! fir/ great orig9al ,italian sculptor ( ! ,r5aissance 0 ,nicola ,pisano4 ,he liv$ ?r\gh almo/ ! :ole ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 be+ born ab\t #abjd1 & dy+ 9 #abgh4 ,:at 7 ! e>ly influ5ces ( ,nicola ,pisano1 t help$ to make him s mu* m m mod]n1 m truly classic1 ?an any ( 8 age8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he 0 born at ! mom5t :5 int]e/ 9 anci5t art 0 beg9n+ to awak52 ! e>ly ?irte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! ,campo ,santo ( ,pisa may be se5 two ( ! mo/ pot5t factors 9 8 ae/hetic education1 ! ,greek s>cophagus on :i* 0 c>v$ ! ,hunt+ ( ,meleag]1 & ! ,greek urn ) ,bac*ic figures wrea?+ x 9 classic symmetry4 ,) 8 m9d tun$ to ! beautiful1 ! boy ,nioola gaz$ at ! "w ( g5u9e pagan ,greek arti/s1 :o knew ! s9u\sness ( ! human =m & ! joy ( liv+ ) no ?\ght ( ! morr[4 ,^! joy\s pagan elem5ts1 graft$ on solemn religi\s surr\nd+s & influ5ces1 comb9$ to produce 8 peculi> g5ius4 ,bas+ 8 e>ly endeav\rs on ^! specim5s ( g5u9e classical ,greek art1 !re result$ 8 wond]ful pulpits at ,pisa & ,si5a1 & 8 mat*lessly graceful little ,madonnas d5ote ! ,hell5i/ic s5tim5t = beauty4 ,8 "w 0 a m>k$ dep>ture f ! ,byzant9e & ,romanesque "w :i* con/itut$ ,italian sculpture up to t p]iod4 ,an exam9ation ( 8 designs & me?ods proves 8 imm5se orig9ality4 ,by pr(ession he 0 an ar*itect4 ,( 8 pulpit 9 ,si5a ,*>les ,eliot ,norton speaks ) mu* appreciation4 ,allud+ to ! lions us$ z bases to its columns1 he says3 ,^! are ! fir/ reali/ic repres5tations ( liv+ animals :i* ! m$iaeval revival ( art has produc$2 & 9 vivacity & en]gy ( r5d]+1 & 9 ! ?or\ghly arti/ic treatm5t ( leon9e _s & =m1 !y h nev] be5 surpass$4 ,x is usually claim$ t "o may le>n mu* ( ! rise ( ,go?ic sculpture by /udy+ ! models 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,9 a foot-note to su* a /atem5t 9 a book edit$ by ,rusk91 ! indignant editor has obs]v$1 ,y _c d any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,pisan sculpture c only be /udi$ 9 ! orig9al m>ble3 half its virtue is 9 ! *isell+6 ,nicola 0 assi/$ 9 ! "w on 8 %r9e ( ,/4 ,dom9ic at ,bologna by "o ,fra ,guglielmo ,agnelli1 a monk ( a v pi\s turn1 :o1 nev]!less1 committ$ a curi\s !ft1 :i* 0 nev] discov]$ until 8 own dea?-b$ confession4 ,he abscond$ ) a bone ( ,/4 ,dom9ic1 :i* he kept = private devotions all 8 subsequ5t life6 ,an old *ronicl] says1 naively3 ,if piety c absolve f !ft1 ,fra ,guglielmo is to be prais$1 ?\gh nev] to be imitat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pulpit ,,( ,,nicola ,,pisano1 ,,pisa ,&rea ,pisano 0 ,nicola's greate/ s*ol>1 ?\gh n 8 son4 ,he took ! "n ( 8 ma/] aft] ! m$iaeval cu/om4 ,8 "w 0 l>gely 9 bronze1 & ! e>li] gates ( ! ,bapti/]y 9 ,flor5ce are by him4 ,we h already allud$ to ! lat] gates by ,ghib]ti1 :5 speak+ ( bronze4 ,&rea _h ! hon\r to tea* ! celebrat$ ,orcagna1--m pa9t] ?an sculptor1--^: mo/ not$ "w 9 ?is l9e 0 ! ,tab]nacle at ,or ,san ,mi*ele4 ,among ! lovelie/ ( ! figures sculptur$ by ! ,pisani are ! angels /&+ 9 a gr\p1 bl[+ trumpets1 on ! pulpit at ,pi/oja1 ! "w ( ,giovanni4 ,among ,nicola's pupils 7 8 son ,giovanni1 ,donatello1 ,arnolfo di ,cambio1 & ,lor5zo ,maitani1 :o execut$ ! delightful sculptures on ! facade ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,orvieto1--p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ set ( bas-reliefs 9 detail ( ! ,e>ly ,r5aissance1 al?\gh 9 g5]al symmetrical boss9ess ( effect1 s mu* approv$ by ,rusk91 !y are v unev54 ,9 ?is respect !y come r "u ! head ( reali/ic ?an ( decorative art4 ,lor5zo ,maitani 0 a g5u9e lead] ( 8 guild ( craftsm51 & sup]9t5d$ ! l>ge body ( ar*itects :o work$ at ,orvieto1 /one masons1 mosaici/s1 bronze f\nd]s1 pa9t]s1 & m9or workm54 ,he liv$ until #accj1 & practically devot$ 8 life to ,orvieto4 ,x is unc]ta9 :e!r any ( ! ,pisani 7 employ$ 9 any capacity1 al?\gh = a "t x 0 popul>ly suppos$ t ! f\r pi]s on ! facade 7 _! "w4 ,an iconographic description ( ^! sculptures w\ld occupy too mu* "t "h1 b "o or two features ( special int]e/ %\ld be not$3 ! little portrait relief ( ! ma/] ,maitani himself occurs on ! f\r? pi]1 among ! ,elect 9 heav51 we>+ 8 workman's cap & c>ry+ 8 ar*itect's squ>e4 ,only 8 head & %\ld]s c be se5 at ! extreme left ( ! second ti] ( sculptures4 ,9 accordance ) an e>ly tradition1 t ,virgil 0 9 "s wise a prophet1 & t he _h =etold ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 he is "h introduc$1 on ! second pi]1 ne> ! base1 cr[n$ ) laurel4 ,! incid5t ( ! cutt+ (f ( ! s]vant's e>1 by ,pet]1 is positively ent]ta9+4 ,pet] is saw+ away indu/ri\sly at ! (f5d+ memb]2 a fi%]man ought to und]/& a m deft use ( ! knife6 ,9 ! sc5es ( ! ,creation1 depict$ on ! fir/ pi]1 ,maitani has prov$ himself a real nature lov] 9 ! t5d] way he has demon/rat$ ! joy ( ! birds at f9d+ ! use ( _! w+s4 ,! e>lie/ sculptures 9 ,france 7 v rude1--x 0 r a process ?an an art to decorate a build+ ) c>v+s z ! ,gauls did6 ,b ! lat5t race tal5t 0 !re2 z soon z ! ,romanesque & ,byzant9e influ5ces 7 felt1 a def9ite s*ool ( sculpture 0 =m$ 9 ,france2 almo/ at once !y seiz$ on ! be/ elem5ts ( ! craft & ab&on$ ! wor?less1 & ! great note ( a national art 0 /ruck 9 ! figures at ,*>tres1 ,p>is1 ,rheims1 & o!r ca!drals ( ! ,ile de ,france4 ,prior to ?is fl[]+ ( art 9 ,nor!rn ,france1 ! *ur*es ( ! ,s\? ( ,france develop$ a *>m+ ,romanesque ( _! own1 a little diff]5t f t 9 ,italy4 ,a monk nam$ ,tutilon1 ( ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,gall1 0 among ! mo/ fam\s sculptors ( ! ,romanesque p]iod4 ,ano!r "n is t ( ,hughes1 ,abbot ( ,monti]-en-,d]4 ,at ! end ( ! t5? c5tury "o ,mor>d1 "u ! patronage ( ,k+ ,rob]t1 built & ornam5t$ ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g]ma9 des ,pres1 ,p>is1 :ile ,guillaume1 an ,abbot at ,dijon1 0 at ! head ( ! works ( =ty mona/]ies4 ,guillaume probably _h almo/ z wide an influ5ce ^u ,fr5* art z ,/4 ,b]nw>d _h on ! ,g]man1 or ,nicola ,pisano on t ( ,italy4 ,9 ,metz 7 two not$ ar*itects1 ,adel>d & ,gontran1 :o sup]9t5d$ ! build+ ( f\rte5 *ur*es1 & an e>ly *ronicl] says t ! exp5se 0 s great t ! imp]ial treasury w\ld sc>ce h suffic$ = x4 ,at ,arles are two ( ! mo/ fam\s monum5ts ( ,romanesque art1 ! por*es ( ,/4 ,trophime1 & ( ,/4 ,gilles4 ,! latt] exhibits almo/ classical feel+ & influ5ce2 ! =m] is mu* blunt] & m ,byzant9e2 bo? are highly int]e/+ = purposes ( /udy1 be+ elaborately ornam5t$ ) figure sculptures & o!r decorative motives4 ,abbot ,sug]1 ! art-craftsman p> excell5ce ( ! ,ile de ,france1 0 ! sculptor 9 *ief ( ,/4 ,d5is f #aacg to #aahj4 ,?is magnific5t facade is h>moni\s 9 its treatm5t1 betok5+ pla9ly t "o bra9 conceiv$ & c>ri$ out ! plan4 ,we h n ! names ( ! m9or ar*itects & sculptors :o 7 employ$1 b d\btless !y 7 ! s*ol>s & foll[]s ( ,sug]1 & r5d]$ "w 9 a simil> mann]4 ,!re are "s names :i* h be5 h&$ d[n f e>ly times 9 ,norm&y3 "o ,o?o1 ano!r ,g>ni]1 & a ?ird1 ,anquetil1 :ile a crucifix c>v$ by ,auquil9us ( ,moissac 0 popul>ly believ$ to h be5 creat$ by div9e means4 ,if "o w comp>e ! /atues ( ,/4 ,trophime ( ,arles ) ^? at ,/4 ,d5is1 x w be f\nd t ! latt] are bett] r\nd$1 ^? at ,/4 ,trophime be+ co>sely block$ out2 al?\gh at fir/ glance "o w\ld say t !re 0 little to *oose betwe5 !m4 ,! old font at ,ami5s is v anci5t1 old] ?an ! *ur*4 ,x is sev5 feet long1 & /&s on %ort squ>e pi]s3 x resembles a /one c(f91 & 0 app>5tly s made t a gr[n p]son might be baptiz$ by imm]sion1 by ly+ at full l5g?4 ,angels hold+ scrolls are c>v$ at its f\r corn]s1 o!rwise x is v pla94 ,!re is an anci5t ,byzant9e crucifix at ,ami5s1 on :i* ! figure ( ,our ,"l is fully drap$1 & on 8 head is a royal cr[n in/ead ( ?orns4 ,! figure1 too1 is erect1 z if to invite homage by its out/ret*$ arms1 in/ead ( sugge/+ t ! arms _h to be> ! weight ( ! body4 ,inde$1 x is a ,*ri/ triumphant & regnant ?\gh crucifi$--a v unusual treatm5t ( ! subject 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x 0 br\ght f ! ,ea/1 9 all probability1 by a return+ w>rior f ! ,crusades4 ,! f\ndation ( ,*>tres 0 v e>ly3 ! fir/ ,bi%op ,/4 ,av5t9 occupi$ 8 see z e>ly z #bjj ,a4 ,d4 ,! e>ly ,go?ic type 9 figure sculpture is always *>act]iz$ by a few features 9 common1 ?\gh diff]5t di/ricts produc$ v>y+ =ms & facial expressions4 ,! figures are always n>r[1 & mu* elongat$1 f a monum5tal s5tim5t :i* gov]n$ ! design ( ! p]iod4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,c>yatid may h rema9$ 9 ! consci\sness ( lat] arti/s1 lead+ !m to make _! figures con=m s f> z exp$i5t to ! proportions ( ! columns :i* /ood beh9d !m & support$ !m4 ,9 any case1 x 0 consid]$ an indisp5sable condition t ^! proportions %\ld be ma9ta9$1 & has come to be reg>d$ z an ar*itectural necessity4 ,z soon z sculptors began to consid] _! figures z reali/ic repres5tations ( human be+s in/ead ( ornam5tal motives 9 _! build+s1 ! art decl9$1 & poor results foll[$4 ,! we/ por* ( ,*>tres dates f ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! *ur* 0 injur$ by fire 9 #aaid4 ,9 #abbf c]ta9 re/orations 7 made1 & an old *ronicle says t at t "t x 0 q fire-pro(1 rem>k+3 ,x has no?+ to fe> f any e>?ly fire f ?is "t to ! day ( ,judgm5t1 & w save f fires et]nal ! _m ,*ri/ians :o by _! alms h help$ 9 its rebuild+4 ,! :ole edifice 0 consecrat$ by ,/4 ,l\is on ,oct4 #ag1 #abfj4 ,! ,k+ gave ! nor? por*1 & sev]al ( ! w9d[s1 & ! :ole royal family 0 pres5t at ?is impressive function4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ,william ! ,conqu]or x became cu/om>y to c>ve effigies on tomb/ones1 at fir/ simple figures 9 l[ relief ly+ on flat slabs3 ?is idea be+ soon elaborat$1 h[ev]1 into canopi$ tombs1 :i* grew ye> by ye> m ornate1 until ,go?ic /ructures enri*$ ) f9ials & crockets began to be erect$ 9 *ur*es to su* an ext5t t ! int]ior ( ! edifice 0 q fill$ ) ^! dignifi$ little build+s4 ,9 _m in/ances x is q impossible to obta9 any view ( ! sanctu>y except look+ directly d[n ! c5tral aisle2 ! :ole ambulatory is (t5 "o cont9u\s succession ( exquisite sepul*ral monum5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tomb ,,( ,,! ,,son ,,( ,,/4 ,,l\is1 ,,/4 ,,d5is ,p]haps ! mo/ satisfy+ monum5t ( ,fr5* ,go?ic /yle is ! tomb ( ! eld] son ( ,/4 ,l\is at ,/4 ,d5is4 ,! maje/y ( ! recumb5t figure is /rik+1 b ! little procession ( m\rn]s ab\t ! ma9 body ( ! tomb is absolutely unrivall$ 9 art ( ?is "*4 ,! device ( little weep+ figures surr\nd+ ! l[] "p ( a tomb is also c>ri$ out 9 an exquisite way on ! tomb ( ,aym] de ,val5ce 9 ,we/m9/]4 ,"s int]e/+ sa9ts are c>v$ on ! nor? portal ( ,ami5s1 among o!rs1 ,/4 ,ulpha1 a virg9 :o is *iefly r5[n$ = hav+ liv$ 9 a *alk cave ne> ,ami5s1 :]e %e 0 greatly annoy$ by frogs4 ,undaunt$1 %e pray$ s lu/ily & indu/ri\sly1 t %e f9ally succe$$ 9 sil5c+ !m6 ,! ?irte5? c5tury revival 9 ,france 0 really a new bir?2 almo/ m ?an a ,r5aissance4 ,x is a "q among ar*aeologi/s if ,france 0 n really m orig9al & m brilliant ?an ,italy 9 ?is respect4 ,a glance at su* figures z ! ,virg9 f ! ,gild$ ,portal at ,ami5s1 & ano!r ,virg9 f ! same ca!dral1 w %[ ! *ange :i* came ov] ! _s ( art 9 t "o city dur+ ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! figure on ! "r door ( ! we/]n facade is a "w ( ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury4 ,%e is grave & dignifi$ 9 be>+1 h] h& ext5d$ 9 fav\r1 :ile ! ,*ild gives ! bless+ 9 calm maje/y4 ,?is figure has ! _s ( a goddess receiv+ homage1 & be/[+ grace3 x is conv5tional & monum5tal4 ,! ,virg9 f ! ,gild$ ,portal is ( a lat] g5]ation4 ,h] att5tion is giv5 to ! ,*ild1 & h] aspect is human & spirit$1--almo/ m]ry4 ,x may be said to be less religi\s ?an ! o!r /atue1 b x is fill$ ) m mod]n grace & *>m1 & glorifies ! idea ( happy mat]nity3 e angle & fold ( ! drap]y is full ( life & action )\t be+ ov] reali/ic4 ,!re is mu* 9 common betwe5 ?is pleas+ /atue & ! ,virg9s ( ! ,pisani 9 ,italy4 ,pr(essor ,moore consid]s ! /atue ( ! ,virg9 on ! ,portal ( ! ,virg9 at ! we/ end ( ,notre ,dame 9 ,p>is z ab\t ! be/ example ( ,go?ic figure sculpture 9 ,france4 ,he says fur!r t ! f9e/ /atues 9 portals ( any age are ^? ( ! nor? por* at ,p>is4 ,! ,virg9 "h is m>vell\sly f9e also4 ,x comb9es ! dignity & monum5tal qualities ( ! fir/ ( ! ,virg9s at ,ami5s1 ) ! liv+ buoyancy ( ! ,virg9 on ! ,gild$ ,portal4 ,x is ! cle> result ( a /udy ( nature graft$ on ,byzant9e traditions4 ,x dates f #abej4 ,:ile sculpture 0 practis$ *iefly by mona/ic arti/s1 x reta9$ ! ar*aic & traditional elem5ts4 ,:5 tra9$ c>v]s f secul> life began to take ! *isel1 ! _s ( ! _w ent]$ 94 ,= a "t ?is 0 a m>k$ improvem5t3 lat] ! p5dulum swung too f>1 & decad5ce set 94 ,a fav\rite device on c>v$ tympana above portals 0 ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,mi*ael ) ! scales1 engag$ 9 weigh+ s\ls1 0 ! tall c5tral figure1 & ! two depress$ sauc]s ( ! scales help consid]ably 9 fill+ ! triangul> space usually left ov] a ,go?ic doorway4 ,at ,*>tres1 !re is an example ( ?is subject1 9 :i* ,mortal ,s91 typifi$ by a devil & two toads1 are be+ weigh$ aga9/ ! s\l ( a dep>t$ h]o4 ,z is cu/om>y 9 su* compositions1 a little devil is se5 pull+ on ! side ( ! scale 9 :i* he is mo/ int]e/$6 ,"o ( ! mo/ *e]ful & delightful figures at ,*>tres is t ( ! v tall angel hold+ a sun dial1 on ! corn] ( ! ,s\? t[]4 ,a c]ta9 optimi/ic inconsequ5ce is 8 *ief *>act]i/ic1 z if he really believ$ t ! h\rs bore m ( happ9ess ?an ( sorr[ to ! _w4 ,!re is no limit to ! orig9ality & ! symbolic messages ( ! ,go?ic grotesques4 ,two :ole books might be writt5 ^u ?is subject alone to d x ju/ice2 b a few notable in/ances ( ^! *>m+ little adornm5ts to ! /]n /ructures ( ! ,middle ,ages mu/ be notic$ "h4 ,! little m$allions at ,ami5s des]ve "s att5tion4 ,!y repres5t ! ,virtues & ,vices1 ! ,follies1 & o!r e?ical qualities4 ,"s ( !m deal ) ,scriptural sc5es4 ,*urli%ness is figur$ by a woman kick+ ov] h] cup-be>]4 ,apropos ( h] attitude1 ,rusk9 obs]ves t ! f9al =ms ( ,fr5* *urli%ness are to be discov]$ 9 ! fem99e ge/ures 9 ! c-c4 ,he adds3 ,see ! fav\rite pr9t %ops 9 ,p>is4 ,times h c]ta9ly *ang$ little6 ,"o ( ^! ,ami5s reliefs1 signify+ ,rebellion1 is t ( a man snapp+ 8 f+]s at 8 bi%op6 ,ano!r kn[n z ,a!ism is v>i\sly int]pret$4 ,a man is se5 /epp+ out ( 8 %oes at ! *ur* por*4 ,rusk9 expla9s ?is z mean+ t ! infidel is %[n 9 contradi/9ction to ! fai?ful :o is suppos$ to h 8 feet %od ) ! prep>ation ( ! ,gospel ( ,peace2 b ,abbe ,roze ?9ks x m likely t ?is figure repres5ts an unfrock$ monk ab&on+ ! *ur*4 ,"o ( ^! displays ! bea/s 9 ,n9eveh1 & a little squat monkey1 develop+ into a devil1 is wittily *>act]iz$ by ,rusk9 z rev]s+ ! ,d>w9ian !ory4 ,! /atues above ^! little quatrefoils are ov] sev5 feet 9 height1 diff]+ slightly1 & evid5tly portrait sculptures inspir$ by liv+ models1 adapt$ to _! m au/]e use 9 ?is situation4 ,a quiet & inconspicu\s example ( exquisite ref9em5t 9 ,go?ic bas-relief is to be se5 9 ! m$allion$ ,portail aux ,libraires at ! ,ca!dral 9 ,r\54 ,?is doorway 0 built 9 #abgh by ,jean ,davi1 :o mu/ h be5 "o ( ! fir/ sculptors ( 8 "t4 ,! m$allions are a s]ies ( little grotesques1 "s ( !m ineffably ent]ta9+1 & o!rs expressive ( real dep? ( k & ?\ght4 ,rusk9 has eulogiz$ "s ( ^! little figures3 "o z hav+ 9 its eye ! expression :i* is nev] se5 b 9 ! eye ( a dog gnaw+ some?+ 9 je/1 & prep>+ to />t away ) x4 ,aga91 he detects a wond]ful piece ( realism & appreciative "w 9 ! face ( a man :o leans ) 8 head on 8 h& 9 ?\ght3 ! wr9kles pu%$ up "u 8 eye are especially comm5d$4 ,9 ! s\? transept at ,ami5s is a piece ( elaborate sculpture 9 f\r comp>tm5ts1 :i* are ! figures ( _m sa9ts4 ,!re is a leg5d 9 connection ) ^? figures3 :5 ! mill]s 7 ab\t to select a patron sa9t1 !y agre$ to *oose ! sa9t on ^: head a dove1 releas$ = ! purpose1 %\ld alight2 b z ! bird elect$ to settle on ! head ( a demon1 !y ab&on$ _! plan6 ,! figures 9 ^! c>v+s are almo/ free ( ! gr\nd2 !y appe> to be a collection ( sep>ate /atuettes1 ! sc5es be+ laid 9 ?ree or f\r planes4 ,x is n re/ra9$ bas-relief2 b ! effect is extremely ri*4 ,! sculptures 9 high relief1 b 9 m conv5tional proportion ?an ^!1 :i* occur on ! divid+ wall betwe5 ! *oir & ! nor? aisle1 are ?or\ghly satisfactory4 ,!y are col\r$2 !y 7 execut$ 9 #aeca1 & !y repres5t sc5es 9 ! life ( ! ,bapti/4 ,9 ! panel :]e ,salome is portray$ z danc+1 a grave little monkey is se5 wat*+ h] f "u ! table4 ,! simil> scre5 surr\nd+ ! sanctu>y at ,p>is 0 ! "w ( ! *ief ca!dral ar*itect1 ,jean ,r5oy1 ) :om work$ 8 nephew1 ,jehan le ,b\teill]4 ,^! /one c>v$ scre5s are q usual 9 ! ,ile de ,france4 ,! f9e/ are at ,*>tres1 :]e !y g /raight ar\nd ! ambulatory1 ! :ole *oir be+ f5c$ 91 z x 71 ab\t ! apse1 by ?is exquisite "w4 ,?is scre5 is m effective1 too1 = be+ left 9 ! natural col\r ( ! /one3 :]e ^! sculptures are pa9t$1 z !y usually are1 !y sugge/ wood c>v+s1 & h n z mu* dignity z :5 ! /one is fully recogniz$4 ,! ,door ( ,/4 ,m>cel has ! olde/ c>v+ on ,notre ,dame 9 ,p>is4 ,! plate repres5t+ ! iron "w1 9 ,*apt] ,,iv41 %[s ! c>v+ on ?is portal1 :i* is ! same t has ,biscornette's fam\s h+es4 ,! c5tral figure ( ,/4 ,m>cel himself pres5ts ! sa9t 9 ! act ( reprov+ a naughty dragon :i* _h _h ! indiscretion to dev\r ! body ( a ri* b wick$ lady4 ,! dragon is se5 issu+ f ! dismantl$ tomb ( ?is un=tunate p]son4 ,! dragon rep5t$ 8 act1 :5 ! sa9t _h f9i%$ admoni%+ him1 & %[$ 8 atta*m5t & gratitude = ?us be+ l$ 9 pa?s ( rectitude1 by foll[+ ! sa9t = f\r miles1 app>5tly walk+ mu* z a seal w\ld walk1 besee*+ ! sa9t to =give him4 ,b ,m>cel 0 firm1 & puni%$ ! s]p5t1 say+ to him3 ,g =? & inhabit ! des]ts or plunge ?yself into ! sea2 &1 z ,/4 ,patrick rid ! ,celtic l& ( snakes1 s ,/4 ,m>cel seems to h bani%$ dragons f fair ,france4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v+s ,,ar\nd ,,*oir ,,ambulatory1 ,,*>tres ,at ,*>tres !re are eighte5 hundr$ /atues1 & almo/ z _m at ,ami5s & at ,rheims & ,p>is4 ,"o reason = ! sup]iority ( ,fr5* figure sculpture 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ov] t exi/+ 9 o!r c\ntries1 is t ! ,fr5* us$ models4 ,!re has be5 pres]v$ ! sket* book ( a m$iaeval ,fr5* ar*itect1 ,vil>d de ,honc\rt1 :i* is fill$ ) /udies f life3 & :y %\ld we suppose him to be ! only "o :o work$ 9 ?is way8 ,rheims ,ca!dral is ! ,mecca ( ! /ud5t ( m$iaeval sculpture4 ,! array ( /atues on ! ext]ior is amaz+1 & a walk ar\nd ! great /ructure reveals unexpect$ ri*es 9 corbels1 g>goyles1 & o!r grotesques1 hidd5 at all heights1 ea* a v]itable "w ( art1 repay+ ! close/ /udy1 & invit+ ! en?usia/ to undue extravagance at a %op 9 ! vic9ity1 :i* adv]tises naively1 t x is an ,arti/ical ,photograph ,laboratory4 ,on ! door ( ,/4 ,g]ma9 l',aux]rois 9 ,p>is1 !re is a portrait /atue ( ,/4 ,g5evieve1 hold+ a light$ c&le1 :ile ! devil 9 little sits on h] %\ld]1 ex]t+ himself to bl[ x out6 ,x is q a droll conceit ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,( ! leaf =ms 9 ,go?ic sculpture1 ?ree /yles are en\gh to g5]alize ab\t4 ,! e>ly "w usually repres5t$ spr+like leaves1 cl++1 half-develop$1 & buds4 ,lat]1 a m luxuriant foliage 0 attempt$3 ! leaves & /alks 7 twi/$1 & ! /yle 0 m l t actually se5 9 nature4 ,!n came an ov]bl[n p]iod1 :5 ! leaves 7 positively deta*$1 & ! /yle 0 lo/4 ,! foliage 0 no long] integral1 b 0 appli$4 ,!re is little ( ! p]sonal elem5t to be exploit$ 9 deal+ ) ! sculptors 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,until ! days ( ! ,r5aissance individual arti/s 7 sc>cely recogniz$2 ma/] masons employ$ ,imag]s z casually z we w\ld employ brick-lay]s or pla/]]s2 & no matt] h[ brilliant ! "w1 x 0 all includ$ 9 ! g5]al t]m build+4 ,! fir/ piece ( sign$ sculpture 9 ,france is a tympanum 9 ! s\? transept at ,p>is1 repres5t+ ! ,/on+ ( ,/eph54 ,x is by ,jean de ,*elles1 9 #abeg4 ,/4 ,l\is ( ,france 0 a patron ( arts1 & took mu* int]e/ 9 8 sculptors4 ,!re 7 two ,jean de ,mont]eau1 :o c>v$ sacr$ subjects 9 q an extraord9>y way4 ,jean de ,soignoles1 9 #acei1 0 designat$ z ,macon et ,ymageur4 ,"o ( ! *ief imageurs1 z !y 7 call$1 0 ,jacques ,haag1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! latt] half ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 9 ,ami5s4 ,?is arti/ 0 imprison$ = sweat+ co91 b 9 #adha ! k+ p>don$ him4 ,he execut$ l>ge /atues = ! city gates1 ( ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,firm91 9 #adfd & #adhi4 ,!re 0 a sculptor 9 ,p>is 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 "o ,h5nequ9 de ,liege1 :o made sev]al tombs 9 black & :ite m>ble1 among !m t ( ,blan*e de ,france1 & ! effigy ( ,que5 ,philippa at ,we/m9/]4 ,x 0 cu/om>y bo? 9 ,france & ,engl& to use col\r on ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,x is curi\s to realize t ! facade ( ,notre ,dame 9 ,p>is 0 orig9ally a great col\r s*eme4 ,a lit]>y relic1 ! ,voyage ( an ,arm5ian ,bi%op1 nam$ ,m>tyr1 9 ! ye> #adij1 alludes to ! beauty ( ?is ca!dral ( ,p>is1 z be+ ablaze ) gold & col\r4 ,an old record ( ! scre5 ( ! *apel ( ,/4 ,&rew at ,we/m9/] m5tions t x 0 adorn$ ) curi\s c>v+s & engrav+s1 & o!r imag]y "w ( birds1 fl[]s1 *]ubims1 devices1 mottoes1 & coats ( arms ( _m ( ! *ief nobility pa9t$ !reon4 ,all done at ! co/ ( ,edmond ,kirton1 ,abbot1 :o lies buri$ on ! s\? side ( ! *apel "u a pla9 gray m>ble slab4 ,h4 ,keepe1 :o wrote ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey 9 #afhc1 m5tion$ ! virg9 ov] ! ,*apt] ,h\se door z be+ all ri*ly enamell$ & set =? ) blue1 "s ve/igia ( all :i* are /ill rema9+1 :]eby to judge ( ! =m] spl5d\r & beauty !re(4 ,acc\nts make frequ5t m5tion ( pa9t]s employ$1 "o be+ ,pet] ( ,spa91 & ano!r ,william ( ,we/m9/]1 :o 0 call$ ! k+'s belov$ pa9t]4 ,k+ ,r5e ( ,anj\ 0 an amateur ( mu* v]satility2 he pa9t$ & made _m illum9ations3 among o!r volumes1 copies ( 8 own works 9 prose & v]se4 ,aside f 8 p]sonal claim to r5[n 9 ! arts1 he f\nd$ a s*ool 9 :i* arti/s & sculptors 7 includ$4 ,"o ( ! *ief sculptors 0 ,jean ,poncet1 :o 0 foll[$ 9 ! k+'s fav\r by 8 son ,pons ,poncet4 ,poor ,pons 0 some?+ ( a back-slid]1 be+ r dissipat$2 b ,k+ ,r5e 0 fond ( him1 & gave him "w to d :5 he 0 r$uc$ to pov]ty4 ,! monum5t to 8 nurse1 ,tiphanie1 at ,saumur1 0 entru/$ to ,pons ,poncet4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,pons1 ! *ief sculptor ( ! c\rt 0 ,jacques ,moreau4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,sculpture ,,9 ,,/one 7,engl& & ,g]many7 ,a progressive hi/ory ( ,engli% sculpture 9 /one c\ld be compil$ by go+ f *ur* to *ur*1 & /udy+ ! tympana1 ov] ! doors1 9 ,romanesque & ,norman /yles1 & 9 foll[+ ! works 9 ! sp&rils betwe5 ! ar*es 9 e>ly ,go?ic "w4 ,fir/ we f9d rude sculptures1 n unlike ^? 9 ,france4 ,! ,saxon "w l ! two l[ reliefs n[ to be se5 9 ,*i*e/] ,ca!dral %[ dug-out l9es & almo/ flat modell+2 !n ! ,norman1 slightly r\nd$1 are full ( hi/oric int]e/ & significance1 ?\gh (t5 lack+ 9 beauty4 ,! two old panels allud$ to1 n[ 9 ,*i*e/]1 7 suppos$ to h be5 br\ght f ,selsea ,ca!dral1 hav+ be5 execut$ ab\t ! twelf? c5tury4 ,!re is a good deal ( ,byzant9e feel+ 9 !m2 "o repres5ts ! ,rais+ ( ,laz>us1 & ! o!r1 ,our ,"l ent]+ ! h\se ( ,m>y & ,m>?a4 ,! figures are long & /iff1 & !re is a c]ta9 quality 9 ! treatm5t ( drap]ies n unlike t 9 ! figures at ,*>tres4 ,!n foll[s ! v e>ly ,go?ic1 l ! delightful little sp&rils 9 ! *apt] h\se at ,salisbury1 & at ,we/m9/]1 famili> to all travell]s4 ,!y are full ( life1 p>tly ?r\gh ! unanatomic contortions by means ( :i* !y are made to express _! emotions4 ,(t5 "o sees elb[s b5t ! wrong way to emphasize ! ge/ure ( d5unciation1 or a foot /epp+ q across ! in/ep ( its mate 9 ord] to sugge/ spe$ ( motion4 ,e>ly ,go?ic "w 9 ,engl& is usually bas-relief2 "o does n f9d ! /atue z e>ly z 9 ,france4 ,9 #aagf ,william ( ,s5s w5t ov] to ,engl&1 to "w on ,cant]bury ,ca!dral1 & aft] t ,fr5* influ5ce 0 felt 9 mo/ ( ! be/ ,engli% "w 9 t c5tury4 ,be=e ! ye> #abjj !re 0 little m ?an ornam5t$ spaces1 enri*$ by c>v+2 aft] t "t1 figure sculpture began 9 e>ne/1 &1 9 /atues & 9 effigies1 became a l>ge "p ( ! craftsman%ip ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! transition 0 gradual4 ,fir/ small sep>ate heads began to obta91 z corbels1 & 7 bracket$ at ! junctures ( ! ar*-m\ld+s 9 ! arcade & tri=ium ( *ur*es4 ,!n on ! capitals little figures began to em]ge f ! clu/]s ( foliage4 ,9 _m cases ! figures are v inf]ior to ! faces1 z if m "t & /udy _h be5 giv5 to express+ emotions ?an to display+ =m4 ,! grotesque became v g5]al4 ,satire & c>icature _h no o!r vehicle 9 ! ,middle ,ages ?an ! c>v+s 9 & out ( ! build+s1 = ! c>toon _h n yet become possible1 & pa9t+ (f]$ b a limit$ scope to ! wit1 especially 9 ! ,nor?2 9 ,italy ?is outlet = hum\r 0 add$ to t ( ! sculptor4 ,( ! special examples ( great figure sculpture 9 ,engl& ! facade at ,wells is usually consid]$ ! mo/ significant4 ,! angel *oir at ,l9coln1 too1 has great int]e/2 !re is real p[] 9 "s ( ! figures1 especially ! angel ) ! flam+ sword driv+ ,adam & ,eve f ,ed51 & ! "o hold+ al(t a small figure1--probably typical ( ! ,creation4 ,at ,salisbury1 too1 !re is mu* spl5did figure sculpture2 x is cause = regret t ! names ( s few ( ! craftsm5 h surviv$4 ,wells ,ca!dral is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ spots 9 :i* to /udy ,engli% ,go?ic sculpture4 ,its beautiful ,we/ ,front is cov]$ ) ti] aft] ti] ( h]oes & sa9ts2 x 0 f9i%$ 9 #abdb4 ,?is is ! ye> t ,cimabue 0 ?ree ye>s old2 ,niccola ,pisano _h liv$ dur+ its build+1 ,ami5s 0 f9i%$ =ty-six ye>s lat]1 & ,orvieto 0 begun ?irty-six ye>s lat]4 ,x is lit]ally ! e>lie/ specim5 ( s advanc$ & complete a museum ( sculpture 9 ! ,we/4 ,_m critics h assum$ t ! /atues on ! ,we/ ,front ( ,wells 7 execut$ by =eign workm52 b !re are no special *>act]i/ics ( any kn[n =eign s*ool 9 ^! figures4 ,messrs4 ,prior & ,g>dn] h rec5tly express$ _! op9ion t ^! /atues1 l mo/ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury "w 9 ,engl&1 are ( native orig94 ,! !ory is t two k9ds ( influ5ce 7 br\ght to be> to create ,engli% imag]s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 goldsmi?s & ivory c>v]s _h be5 mak+ figures on a small scale3 _! trade 0 gradually exp&$ until x rea*$ ! execution ( /atues = ! outside ornam5t ( build+s4 ,! figures c>v$ by su* arti/s are incl9$ to be squat1 ^! craftsm5 hav+ (t5 be5 hamp]$ by be+ oblig$ to accommodate _! design to _! mat]ial1 & to treat ! human figure to appe> 9 spaces ( su* %apes z circles1 squ>es1 & trefoils4 ,ano!r class ( work]s :o f9ally turn$ _! att5tion to /atu>y1 7 ! c>v]s ( sepul*ral slabs3 ^! slabs _h = a long "t %[n ! effigies ( ! deceas$4 ,?is !ory acc\nts = bo? types ( figures t are f\nd 9 ,engli% ,go?ic1--! extremely att5uat$1 & ! blunt squat /atues4 ,at ,wells x w\ld seem t bo? classes ( workm5 7 employ$1 "s ( ! /atues be+ %ort & "s extremely tall4 ,!y 7 execut$1 evid5tly1 at diff]5t p]iods1 ! facade be+ gradually decorat$1 sometimes 9 gr\ps ( sev]al /atues1 & sometimes 9 simple pairs4 ,?is !ory1 too1 l5ds a f> great] int]e/ to ! we/ front ?an ! !ory t x 0 all c>ri$ out at once1 f "o int5tional design4 ,/4 ,ni*olas1 ! patron sa9t ( ,baptism1 is "h repres5t$1 hold+ a *ild on 8 arm1 & /&+ 9 wat] up to 8 knees4 ,! wat]1 be+ treat$ 9 a v conv5tional way1 coil+ ab\t ! l[] limbs1 is s sugge/ive ( ti]s ( flat discs1 t x has won = ?is /atue ! popul> "n ( ! pancake man1 = he c]ta9ly looks z if he _h tak5 up 8 position 9 ! mid/ ( a pile ( pancakes1 into :i* he _h sunk4 ,! old /atue ( ,/4 ,hugh at ,l9coln is an attractive e>ly ,go?ic "w4 ,9 #agdc he 0 remov$ f 8 prec>i\s p]* on ! top ( a /one p9nacle1 & 0 plac$ m firmly aft]w>ds4 ,9 a lett] f ! ,cl]k ( ! ,works ?is process 0 describ$4 ,i mu/ acqua9t y t ,i took d[n ! anti5t image ( ,/4 ,hugh1 :i* is ab\t six foot high1 & /ood ^u ! summit ( a /one p9nacle at ! ,s\? corn] ( ! ,we/ ,front444 & pull$ d[n tw5ty-two feet ( ! p9nacle itself1 :i* 0 ready to tumble into ru9s1 ! %ell be+ b six in*es ?ick1 & ! ribs s mu* decay$ t x decl9$ visibly4444 ,i hope to see ! sa9t fix$ ^u a firm] basis be=e ! ,w9t]4 ,on ! top ( a turret opposite ,/4 ,hugh is ! /atue ( ! ,sw9eh]d ( ,/[e4 ,?is p]sonage became fam\s ?r\gh contribut+ a peck ( silv] p5nies t[>d ! build+ ( ! ca!dral4 ,z is usually ! case1 ! sa9t & ! donor !re=e occupy positions ( equal exaltation6 ,! sw9eh]d is equipp$ ) a w9d+ horn4 ,a fooli% tradition )\t f\ndation ma9ta9s t ?is figure does n repres5t ! ,sw9eh]d at all1 b is a play ^u ! "n ( ,bi%op ,bloet1--! horn be+ int5d$ to sugge/ ,bl[ x6 ,x seems h>dly possible to cr$it ! m$iaeval wit ) no ke5] s5se ( hum\r ?an to p]petrate su* a f>-fet*$ pun4 ,! ,l9coln ,imp1 :o sits en?ron$ at ! foot ( a cul-de-lampe 9 ! *oir1 is s famili> to e *ild1 n[1 ?r\gh 8 photographs & ca/s1 t x is h>dly necess>y to describe him4 ,b _m visitors to ! ca!dral fail to come across ! old leg5d ( 8 orig94 ,x is z foll[s3 ,! w9d "o day br\ght two imps to view ! new ,m9/] at ,l9coln4 ,bo? imps 7 greatly impress$ ) ! magnitude & beauty ( ! /ructure1 & "o ( !m1 smitt5 by a fatal curiosity1 slipp$ inside ! build+ to see :at 0 go+ on4 ,8 tem]ity1 h[ev]1 co/ him de>1 = he 0 s petrifi$ ) a/oni%m5t1 t 8 he>t became z /one )9 him1 & he rema9$ root$ to ! spot4 ,! o!r imp1 full ( grief at ! loss ( 8 bro!r1 flew madly r\nd ! ,m9/]1 seek+ 9 va9 = ! lo/ "o4 ,at l5g?1 be+ we>i$ out1 he alight$1 q unwitt+ly1 ^u ! %\ld]s ( a c]ta9 wit*1 & 0 also1 & 9 l mann]1 in/antly turn$ to /one4 ,b ! w9d /ill haunts ! ,m9/] prec9cts1 wait+ _! return1 n[ hopelessly desolate1 n[ rag+ ) fury4 ,a v]se1 also1 is int]e/+ 9 ?is connection3 ,! ,bi%op we "k di$ long ago1 ,! w9d /ill waits1 nor w he g1 ,till he has a *ance ( beat+ 8 foe4 ,b ! devil hopp$ )\t a limp1 ,& at once took %ape z ! ,l9coln ,imp4 ,& !re he sits atop ( a column1 ,& gr9s at ! p :o gaze s solemn1 ,moreov]1 he mocks at ! w9d bel[1 ,& says3 ',y may wait till doomsday1 ,o6' ,! effigies 9 ! ,r\nd ,*ur* at ! ,temple 9 ,london h creat$ mu* discussion4 ,!y repres5t ,crusad]s1 two dat+ f ! twelf? c5tury1 & sev5 f ! ?irte5?4 ,mo/ ( !m h _! feet cross$1 & ! ,briti% antiqu>ian m9d has exploit$ & torm5t$ itself = "s c5turies 9 ord] to prove1 or to disprove1 t ?is signifies t ! w>riors 7 crusad]s :o _h actually f\ght4 ,!re seems n[ to be r a conc5sus ( op9ion t !y d n repres5t ,knights ,templ>s1 b associates ( ! ,temple4 ,z none ( !m c be c]ta9ly id5tifi$1 ?is controv]sy w\ld appe> to be ( little consequ5ce to ! _w at l>ge4 ,! effigies are extremely int]e/+ f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 &1 9 repair+ !m1 9 #ahdj1 ,mr4 ,ri*>dson discov]$ traces ( col\r$ enamels & gild+1 :i* mu/ h r5d]$ !m mo/ attractive4 ,h5ry ,,iii4 ( ,engl& 0 a g5u9e art patron1 & ev5 ev9c$ "s ( ! _s ( socialism s de> to ! he>t ( ,william ,morris1 = ! old records relate t ! ,ma/] ,mason1 ,john ( ,gl\ce/]1 0 9 ! habit ( tak+ w9e ea* day ) ! ,k+6 ,?is %[s t ,h5ry recogniz$ ! levell+ z ,well z ! rais+ p[] ( ! arts4 ,9 #abee ! k+ s5t five casks ( w9e to ! mason1 9 paym5t = five ) :i* ,john ( ,gl\ce/] _h accommodat$ 8 ,maje/y at ,ox=d6 ,?is is an intimate & agreeable dep>ture f ! despotic & grim reputation ( e>ly ,k+s ( ,engl&4 ,9 #acba ! greate/ m$iaeval craftsman 9 ,engl& 0 ,alan de ,wals+ham1 :o built ! great octagon f :i* ,ely d]ives its *ief "* among ,engli% ca!drals4 ,9 a f\rte5? c5tury manuscript 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a tribute to him1 :i* is ?us translat$ by ,dean ,/ubbs 7n[ ,bi%op ( ,truro73 ,a ,sacri/ good & ,prior b5ign1 ,a build] he ( g5ius f9e3 ,! fl[] ( craftsm51 ,alan1 ,prior1 ,n[ ly+ entomb$ be=e ! *oir444 ,& :51 "o night1 ! old t[] fell1 ,?is new "o he built1 & m>k x well4 ,?is octagon 0 erect$ to ! glory ( ,god & to ,/4 ,e!ldr$a1 ! ,que5 ,abbess ( ,ely1 kn[n frequ5tly z ,/4 ,awdry4 ,ar\nd ! base ( ! octagon1 at ! cre/s ( ! great pi]s :i* c>ry x1 ,prior ,alan _h c>v$ ! ,de$s ( ! ,sa9t 9 a s]ies ( decorative bosses :i* des]ve close /udy4 ,! sc5e ( h] m>riage1 h] subsequ5tly tak+ ! veil at ,cold+ham1 & ! v>i\s miracles ov] :i* %e presid$1 t]m9ate 9 ! dea? & *e/+ ( ! sa9t4 ,?is anci5t t]m is v lit]al1 z ! body 0 plac$ 9 a /one c(f9 above ! gr\nd1 & !re=e ! ^w burial w\ld be incorrect4 ,! tomb ( ,que5 ,eleanor 9 ,we/m9/] is ( ,purbeck m>ble1 treat$ 9 ! /yle ( ,s\!rn sculpture1 be+ cut 9 ?9 slabs & enri*$ ) l[ relief ornam5tation4 ,! recumb5t effigy is 9 bronze1 & 0 ca/1 z has be5 /at$1 by ,ma/] ,william ,torel4 ,ma/] ,walt] ( ,durham pa9t$ ! l[] portion4 ,ma/] ,ri*>d ,crundale 0 9 *>ge ( ! g5]al "w4 ,ma/] ,john ( ,/4 ,albans work$ 9 ab\t #abeg1 & 0 designat$ sculptor ( ! k+'s images4 ,!re 0 at ?is "t a s*ool ( sculpture at ! ,abbey4 ,?is ,we/m9/] ,s*ool ( ,artific]s suppli$ /atuettes & o!r sculptur$ ornam5ts to ord] = v>i\s places4 ,"o ( ! craftsm5 0 ,alex&] le imag9ator4 ,9 ! ,rolls ( ! ,works at ,we/m9/]1 !re is an entry1 ,ma/] ,john1 ) a c>p5t] & assi/ant at ,/4 ,albans1 work$ on ! lect]n4 ,?is ref]r$ to a copy :i* 0 ord]$ ( a r>ely beautiful lect]n at ,/4 ,albans' ca!dral1 :i* _h be5 made by ! incomp>able ,walt] ( ,col*e/]4 ,lab\r 0 *eap6 ,!re is record ( ?ree %ill+s be+ paid to ,john ,b5et = ?ree capitals6 ,among ,we/m9/] lab\r]s 0 "o kn[n z ,bro!r ,ralph1 ! ,conv]t2 ?is individual 0 a re=m$ ,jew4 ,among ! craftsm5 select$ to receive w9e f ! conv5t ) special grace is ! goldsmi?1 ,ma/] ,r4 de ,freml+ham1 :o 0 !n ! ,abbey plumb]4 ,!re 0 a ma/] mason 9 #acbf1 :o work$ at ,we/m9/] & 9 v>i\s o!r places on ,8 ,maje/y's ,s]vice4 ,?is 0 ,william ,ramsay1 :o also sup]9t5d$ ! build+ !n 9 progress at ,/4 ,paul's1 & 0 a man ( su* importance 9 8 art1 t ! mayor & ald]m5 ord]$ t he %\ld n be plac$ on juries or inque/s dur+ ! "t ( 8 activity4 ,he 0 also *ief mason at ! ,t[]4 ,b 9 spite ( ! city fa!rs x 0 n possible to keep ?is wor?y p]son out ( c\rt6 ,= he & "s ( 8 fri5ds1 9 #accb1 practically kidnapp$ a y\? ( f\rte5 nam$ ,rob]t ,hub]d1 took him =cibly f 8 appo9t$ gu>dian1 & m>ri$ him out ( h& to ,william ,ramsay's daught] ,agnes1 ! reason = ?is /ep be+ evid5tly t ! boy _h money4 ,^u ! compla9t ( 8 gu>dian1 ,rob]t 0 giv5 8 *oice :e!r he w\ld rema9 ) 8 bride or return to 8 =m] home4 ,he delib]ately *ose 8 new relations1 & s1 z ! m>riage 0 q legal accord+ to exi/+ laws1 ev]y?+ w5t pleasantly = ,ma/] ,william6 ,x made no diff]5ce1 ei!r1 9 ! respect ( ! community or ! k+ = ! ma/] mason2 9 #acdd1 he 0 appo9t$ to sup]9t5d ! build+ at ,w9dsor1 & 0 made a memb] ( ! ,common ,c\ncil 9 #acdg4 ,v]ily1 ! ,old ,te/am5t days 7 n ! la/ 9 :i* e man did t :i* 0 "r 9 8 own eyes4 ,c>t] gives "s curi\s hi/orical explanations ( "s v qua9t & little-kn[n sculptures 9 a frieze high up 9 ! ,*apel ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor 9 ,we/m9/]4 ,"o ( !m repres5ts ! ,trial ( ,que5 ,emma1 & is q a spirit$ sc5e4 ,! little accus+ h&s rais$ aga9/ ! c5tral figure ( ! que51 are unique 9 effect 9 a c>v+ ( ?is "*4 ,que5 ,emma 0 accus$ ( s _m misdemean\rs1 poor lady6 ,%e _h agre$ to m>ry ! enemy ( h] k+dom1 ,k+ ,canute3 %e gave no aid to h] sons1 ,edw>d ! ,confessor & ,alfr$1 :5 9 exile2 & %e 0 also behav+ 9 a v unsuitable mann] ) ,alw91 ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]3 %e seems to h be5 v]satile 9 crime1 & x is no wond] t %e 0 invit$ to )draw f h] high e/ate4 ,! burial ( ,h5ry ,v4 is int]e/+ly describ$ 9 an old manuscript ( ne>ly contempor>y orig93 ,8 body 0 embalm$ & cir$ & laid on a royal c>riage1 & an image l to him 0 laid ^u ! corpse1 op53 & ) div]s bann]s1 & horses1 cov]$ ) ! arms ( ,engl& & ,france1 ,/4 ,edw>d & ,/4 ,edmund444 & br\ght ) great solemnity to ,we/m9/]1 & wor%ipfully buri$2 & aft] 0 laid on 8 tomb a royal image l to himself1 ( silv] & gilt1 :i* 0 made at ! co/ ( ,que5 ,ka!r9e444 he orda9$ 9 8 life ! place ( 8 sepul*re1 :]e he is n[ buri$1 & e daye ,,iii4 masses p]petually to be sung5 9 a fair *apel ov] 8 sepul*re4 ,?is exquisite arrangem5t ( a little rais$ *antry1 & ! noble tomb itself1 0 ! "w ( ,ma/] ,mapilton1 :o came f ,durham 9 #adaf4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,r4 ,le?aby calls att5tion to ! practical & exp$i5t way 9 :i* m$iaeval c>v]s ( effigies utiliz$ _! long blocks ( /one3 ,notice1 he says1 h[444 ! angels at ! head & ! bea/ at ! foot 7 put 9 j to squ>e out ! block1 & h[ all ! po9ts ( high relief come to "o plane s t a draw+ bo>d might be firmly plac$ on ! /atue4 ,only su* cutt+ away z 0 actually necess>y 0 enc\rag$2 ! figure 0 usually repres5t$ z putt+ ! e>?ly p[]s b5ea? 8 feet1 :ile angels m9i/]$ at 8 head4 ,/4 ,l\is ord]$ a cr[n ( ?orns to be plac$ on 8 head :5 he 0 dy+1 & ! cr[n ( ,france plac$ at 8 feet4 ,! little ni*es ar\nd ! tombs1 9 :i* usually /ood figures ( sa9ts1 7 call$ hovels4 ,x is amus+ to le>n ?is to-day1 ) our long e/abli%$ association ( ! ^w ) pov]ty & squalor4 ,h5ry ,,vii4 left directions = ! design ( 8 tomb4 ,among o!r /ipulations1 x 0 to be adorn$ ) ymages ( 8 patron sa9ts ( copp] & gilte4 ,h5ry !n calls & cries to 8 gu>dian sa9ts & directs t ! tomb %all h a grate1 9 mann] ( a closure1 ( cop] & gilte1 :i* 0 add$ by ,engli% craftsm54 ,inside ?is grille 9 ! e>ly days 0 an alt>1 conta9+ a unique relic1--a leg ( ,/4 ,george4 ,sculpture & all o!r decorative arts rea*$ _! ultimatum 9 ,engl& ab\t ! "t ( ! con/ruction ( ,h5ry ,,vii4's *apel at ,we/m9/]4 ,! f\ndation /one 0 laid 9 #aejb1 by ,h5ry himself4 ,( ! int]e/+ monum5ts & c>v+s conta9$ 9 x1 ! mo/ beautiful is ! celebrat$ bronze figure by ,torregiano on ! tomb ( ! k+ & que51 :i* 0 design$ dur+ _! lives4 ,torregiano 0 born 9 #adgj1 & di$ 9 #aebb1 s he is n q a m$iaeval figure1 b 9 connection ) 8 wond]ful "w we mu/ consid] 8 c>e] a mom5t4 ,vas>i says t he _h m pride ?an true arti/ic excell5ce4 ,he 0 con/antly int]f]+ ) ,mi*elangelo1 ) :om he 0 a /ud5t 9 ,flor5ce1 & on "o memorable occasion !y came to bl[s3 & t 0 ! day :5 ,torregiano /ruck ,mi*elangelo on ! nose ) 8 fi/1 us+ su* t]rible viol5ce & cru%+ t feature 9 su* a mann] t ! prop] =m c\ld nev] be re/or$ to x1 & ,mi*elangelo _h 8 nose flatt5$ by t bl[ all 8 life4 ,s ,torregiano fl$ f ! ,m$icean wra? :i* w\ld h desc5d$ ^u him4 ,aft] a %ort c>e] z a soldi]1 impati5t at n be+ rapidly promot$1 he return$ to 8 old pr(ession ( a sculptor4 ,he w5t to ,engl&1 :]e1 says ,vas>i1 he execut$ _m works 9 m>ble1 bronze1 & wood1 = ! k+4 ,! *ief ( ^! 0 ! /rik+ tomb ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 & ! que54 ,torregiano's agreem5t 0 to make x = a ?\s& p\nds3 also !re is a contract :i* he sign$ ) ,h5ry ,,viii41 agree+ to con/ruct a simil> tomb also = t mon>*1 to be "o qu>t] "p l>g] ?an t ( ,h5ry ,,vii41 b ?is 0 n c>ri$ out4 ,/4 ,an?ony appe>s on a little sculptur$ m$allion on ! tomb ( ,h5ry ,,vii41 ) a small pig trott+ beside him4 ,?is is ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,vi5na1 n ( ,padua4 ,8 leg5d is z foll[s4 ,9 an old docum5t1 ,newc\rt's ,rep]torium1 x is relat$ t ! monks ( ,/4 ,an?ony ) _! importunate begg+1 contr>y to ! example ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 are s tr\blesome1 z1 if m5 give !m no?+1 !y w pres5tly ?reat5 !m ) ,/4 ,an?ony's fire2 s t _m simple p1 out ( fe> or bl9d zeal1 e ye> use to be/[ on !m a fat pig1 or pork]1 :i* !y h ord9>ily pa9t$ 9 _! pictures ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 :]eby !y may procure _! good w & _! pray]s1 & be secure f _! m5aces4 ,torregiano's contract read t he %\ld make well1 surely1 cleanly1 & workmanlike1 curi\sly1 & sub/antially ! m>ble tomb ) images1 bea/s1 & o!r ?+s1 ( copp]1 gilte4 ,ano!r craftsman :o ex]cis$ 8 skill 9 ?is *apel 0 ,lawr5ce ,imb]1 image mak]1 & 9 #aejj ! names ( ,john ,hudd1 sculptor1 & ,nicolas ,delphyn1 occur4 ,"s ( ! figures & /atuettes on ! tomb 7 also made by ,drawsw]d ( ,york4 ,on ! out] ribs ( ,h5ry ,,vii4's *apel may be detect$ c]ta9 little symmetrically dispos$ bosses1 :i* at fir/ glance "o w\ld suppose to be inconspicu\s crockets4 ,b 9 an admirable _s ( hum\r1 ! sculptor has "h c>v$ a s]ies ( griff9s1 9 procession1 hold+ on = de> life1 9 ! attitudes ( *ildr5 slid+ d[n ! bani/]s4 ,!y are delightfully animat$ & amus+4 ,! well-kn[n figures ( ! ,vices :i* /& ar\nd ! quadrangle at ,magdal5 ,college1 ,ox=d1 are int]pret$ by an old ,lat9 manuscript 9 ! college4 ,! /atues %\ld prop]ly be kn[n z ! ,virtues & ,vices1 = "s ( !m repres5t su* moral qualities z ,vigilance1 ,sobriety1 & ,affection4 ,x is inde$ a %ock to le>n f ?is presumably au?oritative s\rce1 t ! ent]ta9+ figure ( a pati5t nondescript animal1 ^u ^: back a small reptile cl+s1 is n int5d$ to typify back bit+1 b is int5d$ = a hippopotamus1 or riv]-horse1 c>ry+ 8 "y "o ^u 8 %\ld]s2 ?is is ! emblem ( a good tutor1 or fell[ ( ! college1 :o is set to wat* ov] ! y\?4 ,b a l>ge numb] ( ! /atues are devot$ to ! ,vices1 :i* g5]ally expla9 !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grotesque ,,f ,,ox=d1 ,,popul>ly ,,kn[n ,,z ,,! ,,backbit] ,no m spirit$ semi-secul> c>v+s are to be se5 9 ,engl& ?an ! delightful r[ ( ! ,bev]ly ,m9/rels4 ,!y /& on brackets r\nd a column 9 ,/4 ,m>y's ,*ur*1 ,bev]ly1 & are exhibit$ z s++ & play+ on musical in/rum5ts4 ,!y 7 probably c>v$ & pres5t$ by ! ,m9/rels or ,waits1 !mselves1 or at any rate at _! exp5se1 = an angel ne> by holds a tablet inscrib$3 ,?is pyllor made ! meyn/yrls4 ,^! waits 7 q an in/itution1 be+ a k9d ( police to g ab\t day & night & inspect ! prec9cts1 ann\nc+ break ( day by bl[+ a horn1 & call+ ! workm5 toge!r by a simil> signal4 ,! figures are ( ab\t ! p]iod ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bev]ly ,,m9/rels ,! g5]al excell5ce ( sculpture 9 ,g]many is said to be l[] ?an t ( ,france2 9 fact1 su* m$iaeval ,g]man sculpture z is specially f9e is bas$ ^u ,fr5* "w4 ,/ill1 :ile ?is /atem5t holds good 9 a g5]al way1 !re are m>k$ dep>tures1 & examples ( extremely int]e/+ & (t5 orig9al sculpture 9 ,g]many1 al?\gh until ! "w ( su* great ma/]s z ,albre*t ,du]]1 ,adam ,kraft1 & ,viet ,/oss1 ! wood c>v]1 :o are mu* lat]1 !re is n z prolific a display ( ! sculptor's g5ius z 9 ,france4 ,! figures on ! ,*oir scre5 at ,hilde%eim are r heavy1 & decid$ly ,romanesque2 b ! :ole effect is mo/ delightful4 ,"s ( ! heads h almo/ ,go?ic beauty4 ,! scre5 is ( ab\t #aahf1 & ! figures are made ( /ucco2 b x is exceptionally good /ucco1 v diff]5t 9 "* f ! lat] "w1 :i* ,br[n+ has designat$ z /ucco twiddl+s ev]y:]e4 ,mu* good ,g]man sculpture may be se5 9 ,nu]emb]g4 ,! ,s*o5] ,brunn51 ! beautiful f\nta91 is a delight1 9 spite ( ! fact t "o is n look+ at ! orig9al1 :i* 0 relegat$ to ! museum = safe keep+ long ago4 ,! c>v+1 too1 on ! ,frau5kir*e1 & ,/4 ,sebald's1 & on ,/4 ,lor5z1 is z f9e z any?+ "o w f9d 9 ,g]many4 ,ano!r exception /&s out 9 ! memory4 ,no?+ is m exquisite ?an ! ,bride's ,door1 at ,/4 ,sebald's1 9 ,nu]emb]g2 ! figures ( ! ,wise & ,fooli% ,virg9s :o gu>d ! entrance c\ld h>dly be surpass$ 9 ! realm ( reali/ic sculpture1 reta9+ at ! same "t a j proportion ( monum5tal feel+4 ,!y are bewit*+ & da9ty1 full ( grace n (t5 se5 9 ,g]man "w ( t p]iod4 ,! figures on ! outside ( ,bamb]g ,ca!dral are also z f9e z any?+ 9 ,france1 & !re are "s /rik+ examples at ,naumburg1 b (t5 ! figures 9 ,g]man "w lack lightness & l5g?1 :i* are su* *>m+ elem5ts 9 ! ,fr5* ,go?ic sculptures4 ,at ,/rasburg ! ,ca!dral is g5]ally conc$$ to be ! mo/ int]e/+ & ornate ( ! ?irte5? c5tury "w 9 ,g]many1 al?\gh1 z has be5 indicat$1 ,fr5* influ5ce is l>gely responsible4 ,a v small deposit ( ?is influ5ce escap$ into ! ,ne!rl&s1 & ,/4 ,gudule 9 ,brussels %[s "s good c>v+ 9 ,go?ic /yle4 ,a gruesome /atue on ,/4 ,sebald's 9 ,nu]emb]g repres5ts ! puritanical idea ( ! _w1 by exhibit+ a good-look+ "y woman1 ^: back is t ( a corpse2 ! %r\d is op51 & ! half decompos$ body is display$1 ) snakes & toads depr$at+ ^u x4 ,among ! e>ly ,r5aissance arti/s 9 ,nu]emb]g1 0 ,hans ,deck]1 :o 0 nam$ 9 ! ,burgh] ,li/s ( #addi4 ,he may h _h influ5ce ^u ! y\? ( ,adam ,kraft1 ^: great pyx 9 ,/4 ,lor5z's is kn[n to ev]yone :o has visit$ ,g]many4 ,adam ,kraft 0 born 9 ,nu]emb]g 9 ! e>ly fifte5? c5tury & 8 "w is a curi\s l9k betwe5 ,go?ic & ,r5aissance /yles4 ,8 *ief *>act]i/ic is express$ by ,p4 ,j4 ,ree1 :o says3 ,! ess5ce ( 8 art is be/ describ$ z a naive realism su/a9$ by t5d] & w>m religi\s zeal4 ,adam ,kraft c>v$ ! ,/ations ( ! ,cross1 to occupy1 on ! road to ,/4 ,john's ,cemet]y 9 ,nu]emb]g1 ! same relative di/ances ap>t z ^? ( ! actual sc5es betwe5 ,pilate's h\se & ,golgo?a4 ,ea/] ,sepul*res 7 (t5 enri*$ ) v beautiful sculptures by ! fir/ ma/]s4 ,adam ,kraft c>v$ ! noble sc5e ( ! ,burial ( ,*ri/ 9 ,/4 ,john's *ur*y>d 9 ,nu]emb]g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,lor5z ,,*ur*1 ,,nuremb]g1 ,,%[+ ,,adam ,,kraft',s ,,pyx1 ,,& ,,! ,,hang+ ,,m$allion ,,by ,,veit ,,/oss ,x is curi\s t ! same m9d & h& :i* conceiv$ & c>v$ ^! %ort /umpy figures1 %\ld h made ! m>vel ( slim grace1 ! ,tab]nacle1 or ,pyx1 at ,/4 ,lor5z4 ,a figure ( ! arti/ kneel+1 toge!r ) two workm51 "o old & "o "y1 supports ! beautiful %r9e1 :i* re>s itself 9 graduat$ /ages to ! tall ,go?ic ro(1 :]e x foll[s ! curve ( a rib1 & turns ov] at ! top exactly l "s beautiful cl++ plant dep>t+ f its support1 & fl[]+ into an exquisitely proportion$ spiral4 ,x sugge/s a gigantic crozi]4 ,be=e x 0 kn[n :at a sl5d] metal core foll[$ ?is wond]ful gr[?1 on ! inside1 !re 0 a tradition t ,kraft _h discov]$ a wond]ful me?od = s(t5+ & m\ld+ h>d /ones4 ,! *>m+ relief by ,kraft on ! ,weigh+ ,(fice exhibits q ano!r side ( 8 g5ius2 "h ?ree m5 are engag$ 9 weigh+ a bale ( goods 9 a pair ( scales3 a *>m+ arrangem5t ( proportion naturally gr[s out ( ?is !me1 :i* may h be5 a survival 9 ! m9d ( ! arti/ ( 8 memory ( ! num]\s tympana ) ! ,judgm5t ( ,mi*ael weigh+ s\ls4 ,! design is mo/ attractive1 & ! decorative feel+ is enhanc$ by two coats ( arms & a little ,go?ic trac]y runn+ across ! top4 ,:5 ,adam ,kraft di$ 9 #aejh1 ! art ( sculpture practically ceas$ 9 ,nu]emb]g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,relief ,,by ,,adam ,,kraft ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,c>v+ ,,9 ,,wood ,,& ,,ivory ,if ! ,g]mans 7 some:at less orig9al ?an ! ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & ,italians 9 _! /one c>v+1 !y made up = ?is defici5cy by a v rem>kable skill 9 wood c>v+4 ,be+ lat]1 9 p]iod1 ?is art 0 usually *>act]iz$ by m naturalism ?an t ( sculpture 9 /one4 ,9 ,g]many ! art ( sculpture 9 wood is said to h be5 9 full fav\r z e>ly z ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,!re are two excell5t wood5 monum5ts1 "o at ,laa* erect$ to ,c\nt ,palat9e ,h5ry ,,iii41 :o di$ 9 #ajie1 & ano!r to ,c\nt ,h5ry ,,iii4 ( ,sayne1 9 #abdf4 ,! c>v+ %[s signs ( ! transition to ,go?ic =ms4 ,l>ge wood5 crucifixes 7 c>v$ 9 ,g]many 9 ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies4 ,byzant9e feel+ is usual 9 ^! figures1 :i* are frequ5tly l>g] ?an life4 ,m$iaeval wood c>v+ develop$ *iefly along ! l9e ( alt> pieces & ( grotesque adornm5ts ( *oir /alls4 ,among ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! are ! mis]]e seats1 ( :i* we %all speak at m l5g?4 ,! g5]al me?ods ( wood c>v+ resemble some:at ^? ( /one c>v+2 t is to say1 flat relief1 r\nd relief1 & entirely dis5gag$ figures occur 9 bo?1 :ile 9 bo? ! drill is us$ z a />t+ po9t 9 _m =ms ( design4 ,z ) ! o!r arts1 ?is ( c>v+ 9 wood emanat$ f ! mona/]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>v$ ,,box-,,wood ,,pyx1 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,! monk ,tutilo1 ( ,/4 ,gall1 0 v gift$4 ,! old *ronicle tells u t he 0 eloqu5t1 ) a f9e voice1 skilful 9 c>v+1 & a pa9t]4 ,a musician1 l 8 companions1 b 9 all k9ds ( w9d & /r+$ in/rum5ts444 he excell$ ev]ybody4 ,9 build+ & 9 8 o!r arts he 0 em95t4 ,tutilo 0 a monk ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,a celebrat$ wood c>v+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 on a l>ge scale1 is ! door ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,sab9a 9 ,rome4 ,x is divid$ into _m small panels1 f9ely c>v$4 ,^! little reliefs are cr[d$ ) figures1 v spirit$ 9 action4 ,pa9t$ & c>v$ %ields & hat*m5ts 7 popul>4 ,! ,italian arti/s made ^! ) great ref9em5t4 ,sometimes /ucco 0 employ$ in/ead ( g5u9e c>v+1 & occasionally ! "w 0 emboss$ on lea!r4 ,!y 7 pa9t$ 9 h]aldic col\rs1 & gold1 & no?+ c\ld be m decorative4 ,ev5 ,giotto produc$ c]ta9 works ( ?is description1 z well z a c>v$ crucifix4 ,alt> pieces 7 fir/ c>v$ & pa9t$1 ! backgr\nds be+ gild$4 ,by degrees /ucco = ! figures came 9 to replace ! wood3 aft] t1 !y 7 gradually modell$ 9 l[] relief1 until f9ally !y became pa9t$ pictures ) slightly rais$ portions1 & ! av]age ,flor5t9e alt> piece result$4 ,) ! advance 9 pa9t+1 & ! ability to portray ! r\nd1 ! necessity = c>v$ details dim9i%$4 ,ord]s f a great di/ance 7 sometimes s5t to ! ,flor5t9e ,ma/]s ( ,wood1--! *oir /alls 9 ,cambridge1 9 ,k+'s ,college ,*apel1 7 execut$ by !m1 9 spite ( ! fact t ,torregiano allud$ to !m z bea/s ( ,engli%4 ,an e>ly ,fr5* wood c>v] 0 ,gir>d d',orleans1 :o1 9 #acgi1 c>v$ = ,*>les ,v4 ung tableau de boys de quatre pieces4 ,rusk9 consid]s ! *oir /alls 9 ,ami5s ! be/ wor? see+ 9 ,france2 he speaks ( ! c>p5t]'s "w ) admiration1 = no nails are us$1 nor is ! /r5g? ( glue reli$ ^u2 e bit is true jo9]y1 mortis$1 & held by ! skill & consci5ti\sness ( its con/ruction4 ,( lat] "w 9 wood x is a magnific5t example4 ,! ma/] jo9]1 ,arnold ,b\l91 und]took ! con/ruction ( ! /alls 9 #aejh4 ,he engag$ ,anton ,av]ni]1 an image mak]1 to c>ve ! /atuettes & figures :i* occur 9 ! c\rse ( ! "w4 ,ano!r jo9]1 ,alex&] ,hu/1 is report$ z work+ z well1 & 9 #aeaa1 bo? he & ,b\l9 travell$ to ,r\51 to /udy ! /alls 9 ! ca!dral !re4 ,two ,franciscan monks1 exp]t & r5[n$ 9 work+ 9 wood1 came f ,abbeville to give judgm5t & approval1 _! exp5ses be+ paid = ?is purpose4 ,jean ,tr\p91 a simple workman at ! wages ( ?ree s\s a day1 0 add$ to ! /aff ( work]s 9 #aeaf1 & 9 "o ( ! /alls he has c>v$ 8 own portrait1 ) ! inscription1 ,jan ,tr\p91 ,god take c>e ( !e4 ,9 #aebb ! entire "w 0 complet$1 & 0 satisfactorily t]m9at$ on ,/4 ,john's day1 repres5t+ ! entire lab\r ( six or eight m5 = ab\t f\rte5 ye>s4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ,g]many l$ all c\ntries 9 ! art ( wood c>v+4 ,pa9t+ 0 ne>ly always alli$ to ?is art 9 ecclesia/ical use4 ,! sculptur$ =ms 7 gild$ & pa9t$1 &1 9 "s cases1 might almo/ be tak5 = figures 9 fai5ce1 s high 0 ! poli%4 ,small alt>s1 ) c>v$ r]$os & frontals1 7 v popul>1 bo? = *ur* & closet4 ,! /yle employ$ 0 pictorial1 figures & sc5es be+ treat$ ) great naturalism4 ,"o ( ! fam\s mak]s ( su* alt> pieces 0 ,lucas ,moes]1 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,a little lat] came ,hans ,s*uele91 & !n foll[$ ,freidri* ,h]l91 :o c>v$ ! f9e alt> 9 ,ro!nburg4 ,jorg ,syrl9 ( ,ulm & 8 son ( ! same "n cov] ! latt] half ( ! c5tury4 ,bav>ia 0 ! *ief prov9ce 9 :i* sculptors 9 wood fl\ri%$4 ,! figures are r /umpy sometimes1 & ! drap]ies r heavy & lack+ 9 delicate grace1 b ! works are f> m num]\s ?an ^? ( o!r di/ricts1 & v>y enorm\sly 9 m]it4 ,!n foll[$ ! great c>v]s ( ! e>ly ,r5aissance--,adam ,kraft1 & ,veit ,/oss1 contempor>ies ( ,pet] ,vis*] & ,albre*t ,du]]1 :om we mu/ consid] = a little1 al?\gh !y h>dly c be call$ m$iaeval workm54 ,veit ,/oss 0 born 9 ! e>ly fifte5? c5tury1 9 ,nu]emb]g4 ,he w5t to ,crac[ :5 he 0 ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age1 & sp5t "s ye>s work+ h>d4 ,he return$ to 8 native city1 h[ev]1 9 #adif1 & work$ !re = ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,a delicate specim5 ( 8 craft is ! ,ros5kranztafel1 a wood c>v+ 9 ! ,g]manic ,museum1 :i* exhibits m$allions 9 relief1 repres5t+ ! ,communion ( ,sa9ts1 ) a wrea? ( roses encircl+ x4 ,ar\nd ! bord] ( ?is oblong composition !re are small squ>e reliefs1 & a ,la/ ,judgm5t :i* is full ( grim hum\r occupies ! l[] "p ( ! space4 ,among ! amus+ incid5ts repres5t$1 is t ( a r$eem$ s\l1 q nak$1 climb+ up a v9e to rea* heav51 9 :i* ,god ! ,fa!r is 9 ! act ( receiv+ ,adam & ,eve1 %ak+ h&s mo/ sociably6 ,! fri5ds ( ?is aspir+ climb] are boo/+ him f bel[2 ! mo/ delici\sly reali/ic pro( t ,/oss _h no use = ! !ory ( a w+$ h]eaft]6 ,veit ,/oss 0 a v v]satile craftsman4 ,besides 8 wond]ful wood c>v+s1 = :i* he is *iefly not$1 he 0 a bridge-build]1 a /one-mason1 a bronze ca/]1 pa9t] ( alt>s1 & engrav] on copp]6 ,l all su* v>i\sly tal5t$ p]sons1 he suff]$ some:at f re/lessness & pref]r$ "w to peace1--b 8 comp5sation lay 9 ! v>i$ joys ( creative works4 ,8 naturalism 0 m>k$ 9 all t he did3 a naive old *ronicl] rem>ks t he made "s life-siz$ col\r$ figures ( ,adam & ,eve1 s fa%ion$ t "o 0 afraid t !y 7 alive6 ,veit ,/oss 0 an int]e/+ individual4 ,he 0 n especially moral 9 all 8 ways1 n>r[ly escap+ be+ execut$ = =g]y2 b 8 brilliancy z a te*nician 0 unsurpass$4 ,he liv$ until #aecc1 :5 he di$ 9 ,nu]emb]g z a v old man4 ,"o ( 8 mo/ delightful a*ievem5ts is ! great m$allion ) an op5 backgr\nd1 :i* hangs 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,lor5z4 ,x %[s two l>ge & graceful figures1--,m>y & ! ,angel ,gabriel1 ! subject be+ ! ,annunciation4 ,a wrea? ( angels & fl[]s surr\nds ! :ole1 ) small m$allions repres5t+ ! sev5 joys ( ! ,virg94 ,x is a ma/]ly "w1 & 0 pres5t$ by ,anton ,tu*] 9 #aeah4 ,veit ,/oss 0 ! lead+ figure among wood c>v]s ( ! ,r5aissance1 al?\gh ,albre*t ,du]] comb9$ ?is ) 8 _m accompli%m5ts1 z well4 ,"s ( ! c>v+s 9 wood 9 ! *apel ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 at ,we/m9/]1 are adapt$ f draw+s by ,albre*t ,du]]1 & are probably ! "w ( ,g]mans4 ,two ( ^!1 ,d]rick van ,grove & ,giles van ,ca/el1 7 work+ at ,/4 ,george's1 ,w9dsor1 ab\t ! same "t4 ,! v f9e/ example ( ,nu]emb]g c>v+1 h[ev]1 is ! fam\s wood5 ,madonna1 :i* has be5 ascrib$ to ,pet] ,vis*] ! ,y\ng]1 bo? by ,h]r von ,bezold & by ,cecil ,headlam4 ,x seems v reasonable aft] a /udy ( ! o!r works ( ?is rem>kable son ( ,pet] ,vis*]1 = !re is no o!r c>v] ( ! p]iod1 9 all ,nu]emb]g1 :o c\ld h execut$ su* a flawlessly lovely figure4 ,"o ( ! not$ wood c>v]s 9 ,spa9 9 ! ,r5aissance1 0 ,alonso ,cano4 ,he 0 a native ( ,granada & 0 born 9 #afja4 ,8 fa!r 0 a c>v] ( retablos1 & br\ght ! boy up to foll[ 8 pr(ession4 ,cano 0 also a pa9t] ( consid]able m]it1 b z a sculptor 9 wood he 0 p>ticul>ly successful4 ,8 fir/ conspicu\s "w 0 a new high alt> = ! *ur* ( ,lebrija1 :i* came to him on acc\nt ( ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 :o 0 comm5c+ ! "w 9 #afcj1 :5 8 life 0 sudd5ly cut (f4 ,alonso made ?is alt> s beautifully1 t he 0 paid two hundr$ & fifty ducats m ?an he ask$6 ,columns & cornices are arrang$ s z to frame f\r excell5t /atues4 ,^! c>v+s h be5 e/eem$ s highly t arti/s came to /udy !m all ! way f ,fl&]s4 ,! alt> is col\r$1 l mo/ ( ! ,spani% retablos4 ,cano 0 a pugnaci\s "*1 always gett+ into scrapes1 us+ 8 /iletto1 & be+ oblig$ to %ift 8 resid5ce on %ort notice4 ,x is rem>kable t 8 erratic life did n int]f]e ) 8 "w1 :i* seems to h gone calmly on 9 spite ( dome/ic & civic difficulties4 ,among 8 works at v>i\s places1 :]e 8 de/9y took him1 0 a tab]nacle = ! ,ca!dral ( ,malaga4 ,he _h work$ = "s "t at ! designs = ?is tab]nacle1 :5 x 0 :isp]$ to him t ! ,bi%op ( ,malaga int5d$ to get a b>ga91 & meant to beat him d[n 9 8 *>ges4 ,s1 pack+ up 8 plans & draw+s1 & gett+ on 8 mule4 ,cano obs]v$1 ,^! draw+s are ei!r to be giv5 away = no?+1 or else !y are to br+ two ?\s& ducats4 ,! news ( 8 dep>ture caus$ al>m among ^? 9 au?ority1 & he 0 urg$ to br+ back ! designs1 & receive 8 own price4 ,cano c>v$ a life-size crucifix = ,que5 ,m>iana1 :i* %e pres5t$ to ! ,conv5t ( ,mons]rati at ,madrid4 ,alonso ,cano ent]$ ! ,*ur* & became canon ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,granada4 ,b all 8 tal5ts _h no effect ^u 8 f9al prosp]ity3 he di$ 9 extreme want 9 #affg1 ! ,ca!dral records %[+ t he 0 ! recipi5t ( *>ity1 five hundr$ reals be+ vot$ to ! canon ,cano1 be+ sick & v poor1 & )\t means to pay ! doctor4 ,ano!r record m5tions ! pur*ase ( p\ltry & sweet-meats also = him4 ,cano made "o piece ( sculpture 9 m>ble1 a gu>dian angel = ! ,conv5t at ,granada1 b ?is no long] exi/s4 ,"s ( 8 ar*itectural draw+s are pres]v$ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,=d says t 8 ,/4 ,francesco 9 ,tol$o is a ma/]piece ( cadav]\s ec/atic s5tim5t4 ,! grotesques :i* play$ s l>ge a "p 9 *ur* art are bewail$ by ,/4 ,b]n>d3 ,:at is ! use1 he asks1 ( ^? absurd mon/rosities display$ 9 ! cloi/]s be=e ! read+ monks8444 ,:y are unclean monkeys & savage lions1 & mon/r\s c5taurs & semi-m51 & spott$ tig]s1 & fight+ soldi]s1 & pipe-play+ hunt]s1 repres5t$8 ,!n ,/4 ,b]n>d inadv]t5tly admits ! *>m ( all ^! grotesques1 by add+3 ,! v>iety ( =m is ev]y:]e s great1 t m>bles are m pleasant read+ ?an manuscripts1 & ! :ole day is sp5t 9 look+ at !m in/ead ( 9 m$itat+ on ! law ( ,god4 ,/4 ,b]n>d concludes ) ! univ]sal argum5t3 ,oh1 ,god1 if "o is n a%am$ ( ^! pu]ilities1 :y does n "o at lea/ sp>e ! exp5se8 ,a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 ! cl]gy 7 c5sur$ by ! ,prior de ,co9si = all[+ wild cats & lions to /& equal ) ! sa9ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mis]]e ,,/all2 ,,an ,,artisan ,,at ,,"w ,! real te/ ( a f9e grotesque--a g5u9e ,go?ic mon/]--is1 t he %all1 9 spite ( 8 mon/rosity1 reta9 a c]ta9 anatomical consi/5cy3 x mu/ be conceivable t ! animal organism c\ld h develop$ along ^! l9es4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ?is is always possible2 b 9 mu* lat] times1 & 9 ! ,r5aissance1 ! grotesques simply became comic & degrad$1 & lack+ 9 hum\r3 9 a lat] *apt] ?is idea w be develop$ fur!r4 ,! art ( ! *oir /alls & mis]]e seats 0 a natural ebullition ( ! hum\r\s in/9ct1 :i* _h s little opportunity = exploit+ itself 9 mona/ic seclusion4 ,! joke 0 hidd5 away1 "u ! seat1 out ( sight ( visitors1 or laym53 inconspicu\s1 b furtively ent]ta9+4 ,!re 0 no self-consci\sness 9 its elaboration1 x 0 (t5 execut$ = pure love ( fun & :ittl+2 & = t v reason embodies all ! mo/ attractive qualities ( its art4 ,!re 0 no cov]t int5tion to produce a g5re hi/ory ( contempor>y life & mann]s1 z has sometimes be5 claim$4 ,^! ?+s 7 accid5tally introduc$ 9 ! "w1 b ! c>v]s _h no idea ( m9i/]+ to ?is or any o!r educational !ory4 ,l all light-he>t$ expression ( p]sonality1 ! mis]]e /alls h prov$ ( ine/imable wor? to ! _w ( art1 z a record ( human skill & g5ial mir?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mis]]e ,,/all1 ,,ely3 ,,noah ,,& ,,! ,,dove ,a good _m ( ! vices ( ! times 7 portray$ on ! mis]]e seats4 ,! backbit] is frequ5tly se51 9 mo/ unlovely =m1 & two p]sons gossip+ ) an unse5 witness 9 ! %ape ( an av5g+ fri5d1 look+ on & wait+ = 8 opportunity to /rike6 ,gluttons & mis]s are always accompani$ by famili> devils1 :o prod & goad !m into su* s9 z %all make !m _! prey at ! la/4 ,among fav\rite subjects on mis]]e seats is ! alewife4 ,no wond] ale dr9k+ prov$ s l>ge a factor 9 ! jokes ( ! frat]nity1 = ! rate at :i* x 0 consum$1 9 ?is age :5 x took ! place ( bo? tea & c(fee1 0 enorm\s4 ,! inmates ( ,/4 ,cross ,hospital1 ,w9*e/]1 :o 7 allud$ to z impot5ts1 receiv$ daily "o gallon ( be] ea*1 ) two extra qu>ts on holidays6 ,if ?is 7 ! all[ance ( p5sion]s1 :at mu/ h be5 ! proportion among ! well-to-d8 ,9 #aeeh !re is a record ( a di%one/ be] sell] :o gave only a p9t = a p5ny dr9k1 in/ead ( ! cu/om>y qu>t6 ,! subject ( ! alewife :o _h *eat$ h] cu/om]s1 be+ dragg$ to hell by demons1 is (t5 treat$ by ! c>v]s ) mu* reli%1 9 ! sacr$ prec9cts ( ! *ur* *oir6 ,illu/ration3 ,,mis]]e ,,/all2 ,,! ,,fate ,,( ,,! ,,ale-,,wife ,at ,ludl[ !re is a relief :i* %[s ! unlucky lady c>ri$ on ! back ( a demon1 hang+ ) h] head upside d[n1 :ile a smil+ record+ imp is mak+ notes 9 a scroll conc]n+ h]6 ,9 "o ( ! ,*e/] ,my/]ies1 ! ,ale ,wife is made to confess h] own %ortcom+s3 ,"s "t ,i 0 a tav]n]1 ,a g5tle gossip & a tap/]1 ,( w9e & ale a tru/y brew]1 ,:i* woe ha? me wr\ght4 ,( cans ,i kept no true measure1 ,my cups ,i sold at my pleasure1 ,deceiv+ _m a creature1 ,?\gh my ale 7 n\ght6 ,!re is a curi\s mis]]e 9 ,hold]ness repres5t+ a nun betwe5 two h>es3 %e is look+ out ) a smile1 & w9k+6 ,at ,ripon ! /alls %[ ,jonah be+ ?r[n to ! :ale1 & ! same ,jonah be+ subsequ5tly rel9qui%$ by ! sea mon/]4 ,! :ale is repres5t$ by a l>ge bl& smil+ head1 ) gap+ jaws1 occurr+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! wat]1 & ,jonah takes ! usual head] famili> 9 m$iaeval art1 :]ev] ?is episode is r5d]$4 ,a popul> treatm5t ( ! /all 0 ! foliate mask2 /ems issu+ f ! m\? ( ! mask & develop+ into leaves & v9es4 ,?is is an entirely fooli% & unlovely design3 9 mo/ cases x is q lack+ 9 real hum\r1 & makes "o ?9k m ( ! s5seless ,roman grotesques & ^? ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! m$iaeval qua9tness is miss+4 ,at ,bev]ly a woman is repres5t$ beat+ a man1 :ile a dog is help+ himself out ( ! s\p cauldron4 ,! mis]]es at ,bev]ly date f ab\t #aebj4 ,animals z musicians1 too1 7 (t5 introduc$1--pigs play+ on viols1 or pipes1 an ass p]=m+ on ! h>p1 & simil> ecc5tricities may be f\nd 9 num]\s places1 :ile ,reyn>d ! ,fox 9 all 8 =ms ab\nds4 ,! *oir /alls at ,l9coln exhibit beautiful c>v+ & design3 !y date f ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & 7 giv5 by ! treasur]1 ,john de ,welburne4 ,!re are _m delightful mis]]e seats1 _m ( ! selections 9 ?is case be+ f ! leg5d ( ,reyn>d ! ,fox4 ,abbot ,islip ( ,we/m9/] 0 a great p]sonality1 influ5c+ 8 times & ! place :]e 8 g5ius express$ itself4 ,he 0 v con/ant & ?or\gh 9 repair+ & re/or+ at ! ,abbey1 & "u 8 direction mu* f9e pa9t+ & illum9at+ 7 accompli%$4 ,! special p]iods ( arti/ic activity 9 mo/ ( ! ca!drals may be trac$ to ! p]sonal influ5ce ( "s cultur$ ecclesia/ic4 ,a v beautiful specim5 ( ,engli% c>v+ is ! curi\s oak *e/ at ,york ,ca!dral1 on :i* ,/4 ,george fight+ ! dragon is well r5d]$4 ,h[ev]1 ! t]m9ation ( ! /ory diff]s f t usually associat$ ) ?is leg5d1 = ! lady leads (f ! subdu$ dragon 9 a lea%1 & ! v abject crawl ( ! creature is depict$ ) mu* hum\r4 ,m$iaeval ivory c>v+ practically comm5c$ ) ! f\r? c5tury2 9 speak+ ( ! tools employ$1 x is safe to say t !y correspond$ to ^? us$ by sculptors 9 wood4 ,x is g5]ally believ$ by au?orities t !re 0 "s me?od by :i* ivory c\ld be tak5 f ! :ole r\nd$ surface ( ! tusk1 & !n1 by soak+1 or o!r treatm5t1 r5d]$ suffici5tly malleable to be b5t out into a l>ge flat %eet3 = "s ( ! l>ge m$iaeval ivories are mu* wid] ?an ! diamet] ( any kn[n possible tusk4 ,!re are recipes 9 ! e>ly treatises :i* tell h[ to s(t5 ! ivory t x may be m easily sculptur$3 9 ! ,mappae ,clavicula1 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 directions are giv5 = prep>+ a ba? 9 :i* to /eep ivory1 9 ord] to make x s(t4 ,9 ! ,sloane ,,ms4 occurs ano!r recipe = ! same purpose4 ,ahab's ivory h\se :i* he made mu/ h be5 ei!r cov]$ ) a v ?9 v5e]1 or else ! ivory 0 us$ z inlay1 :i* 0 (t5 ! case1 9 connection ) ebony4 ,ezekiel alludes to ?is comb9ation4 ,ivory & gold 7 us$ by ! ,greeks 9 _! fam\s ,*ryselephant9e /atues1 9 :i* cases ?9 plates ( ivory =m$ ! face1 h&s1 & expos$ p>ts1 ! re/ be+ ov]laid ) gold1 ,?is art orig9at$ ) ! bro!rs ,dipo5us & ,scillis1 ab\t #egj ,b4 ,c41 9 ,crete4 ,9 sculptur+ ivory1 says ,!ophilus1 fir/ =m a tablet ( ! magnitude y may wi%1 & sup]pos+ *alk1 portray ) a lead ! figures accord+ to y\r pleasure1 & ) a po9t$ in/rum5t m>k ! l9es t !y may appe>3 !n c>ve ! gr\nds z deeply z y wi% ) diff]5t in/rum5ts1 & sculp ! figures or o!r ?+s y please1 accord+ to y\r inv5tion & skill4 ,he tells h[ to make a knife h&le ) op5 "w c>v+s1 ?r\gh :i* a gold gr\nd is visible3 & extremely h&some w\ld su* a knife be :5 complet$1 accord+ to ,!ophilus' directions4 ,he also tells h[ to r$d5 ivory4 ,!re is likewise an h]b call$ 'rubrica1' ! root ( :i* is long1 sl5d]1 & ( a r$ col\r2 ?is be+ dug up is dri$ 9 ! sun & is p\nd$ 9 a mort> ) ! pe/le1 & s be+ scrap$ into a pot1 & a lye p\r$ ov] x1 is !n cook$4 ,9 ?is1 :5 x has well boil$1 ! bone ( ! elephant or fi% or /ag1 be+ plac$1 is made r$4 ,m$iaeval *essm5 7 made 9 ivory3 v likely ! ne$ = a r$ /a9 0 felt *iefly = su* pieces4 ,! celebrat$ ,consul> ,dipty*s date f ! f\r? c5tury onw>ds4 ,x 0 ! cu/om = ,consuls to pres5t to s5ators & o!r (ficials ^! little fold+ ivory tablets1 & ! adornm5t ( ,dipty*s 0 "o ( ! *ief functions ( ! ivory work]4 ,"s ( !m 7 q ambiti\s 9 size2 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a ,dipty* measur+ ov] sixte5 in*es by five3 ! tusk f :i* ?is 0 made mu/ h be5 almo/ unique 9 size4 ,x is a ,byzant9e "w1 & has ! figure ( an angel c>v$ ^u x4 ,gregory ! ,great s5t a gift ( ivory to ,!odol9da1 ,que5 ( ! ,lomb>ds1 9 #fjj4 ,?is is decorat$ ) ?ree figures1 & is a mo/ int]e/+ dipty*4 ,! e>lie/ dipty*1 h[ev]1 is ( ! ye> #djf1 kn[n z ! ,dipty* ( ,probus1 on :i* may be se5 a bas-relief portrait ( ,emp]or ,honorius4 ,on ! ,dipty* ( ,philox5us is a ,greek v]se signify+1 ,i1 ,philox5us1 be+ ,consul1 (f] ?is pres5t to ! wise ,s5ate4 ,an int]e/+ dipty*1 sixte5 in*es by six1 is inscrib$1 ,flavius ,/rategius ,apius1 illu/ri\s man1 c\nt ( ! mo/ f]v5t s]vants1 & consul 9 ord9>y4 ,?is consul 0 inve/$ 9 #eci2 ! "w 0 made 9 ,rome1 b x is ! prop]ty ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,orvi$o 9 ,spa91 :]e x is reg>d$ z a priceless treasure4 ,claudian1 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 alludes to dipty*s1 speak+ ( huge tusks cut ) /eel into tablets & gleam+ ) gold1 engrav$ ) ! illu/ri\s "n ( ! ,consul1 circulat$ among great & small1 & ! great wond] ( ! ,indies1 ! elephant1 w&]s ab\t 9 tuskless %ame6 ,9 ,maga/]1 a city :i* accord+ to ,m>co ,polo1 0 gov]n$ by f\r old m51 !y sold va/ quantities ( elephants' tee?4 ,rabanus1 a foll[] ( ,alcu91 born 9 #ggf1 0 ! au?or ( an int]e/+ encyclopa$ia1 rejoic+ 9 ! compreh5sive title1 ,on ! ,univ]se4 ,?is "w is 9 tw5ty-two books1 :i* are suppos$ to cov] all possible subjects ^u :i* a read] might be curi\s4444 ,! sev5te5? book is on ! du/ & soil ( ! e>?1 "u :i* un9vit+ head he includes all k9ds ( /ones1 common & preci\s2 salt1 fl9t1 s&1 lime1 jet1 asbe/os1 & ! ,p]sian moon/one1 ( ^: brightness he claims t x waxes & wanes ) ! moon4 ,lat] he devotes "s space to pe>ls1 cry/als1 & glass4 ,metals foll[1 & m>bles & ivory1 ?\gh :y ! latt] %\ld be class$ among m9]als we %all nev] und]/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ivory ,,tab]nacle1 ,,rav5na ,! ,roman dipty*s 7 (t5 us$ z aft]-d9n] gifts to di/+ui%$ gue/s4 ,!y 7 pres5t$ on v>i\s occasions4 ,9 ! ,epi/les ( ,symma*us1 ! writ] says3 ,to my ,"l & ,pr9ce ,i s5t a dipty* edg$ ) gold4 ,i pres5t$ o!r fri5ds also ) ^! ivory note books4 ,:ile elephant's tusks provid$ ivory = ! s\!rn races1 ! m nor!rn peoples us$ ! walrus & n>:ale tusks4 ,9 ,g]many ?is 0 (t5 ! case4 ,! fabul\s unicorn's horn1 :i* is s (t5 allud$ to 9 e>ly lit]ature1 0 und\bt$ly f ! n>:ale1 al?\gh its possessor always suppos$ t he _h secur$ ! m rem>kable horn :i* 0 said to decorate ! unicorn4 ,tripty*s foll[$ dipty*s 9 natural sequ5ce4 ,^!1 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 7 usually ( a devotional "*1 al?\gh sometimes secul> subjects occur4 ,lett]s 7 sometimes writt5 on ivory tablets1 :i* 7 suppos$ to be aga9 us$ 9 =w>d+ a reply4 ,/4 ,augu/9e apologizes = writ+ on p>*m5t1 expla9+1 ,my ivory tablets ,i s5t ) lett]s to y\r uncle2 if y h any ( my tablets1 please s5d !m 9 case ( simil> em]g5cies4 ,tablets fitt$ ) wax l9+s 7 us$ also 9 s*ools1 z *ildr5 n[ use slates4 ,ivory dipty*s 7 fa%ionable gifts & keepsakes 9 ! lat] ,roman imp]ial days4 ,!y took ! place :i* _h be5 occupi$ 9 e>li] days by illum9at$ books1 su* z 7 produc$ by ,lala ( ,cyzicus1 ( :om m5tion w be made 9 connection ) book illum9ators4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,nativity2 ,,ivory ,,c>v+ ,aft] ! tripty*s came sets ( five leaves1 h+$ toge!r2 sometimes ^! 7 arrang$ 9 gr\ps ( f\r ar\nd a c5tral plaque4 ,(t5 !y 7 int5d$ to be us$ z book cov]s4 ,occasionally ! five leaves 7 made up ( classical ivories :i* _h be5 alt]$ 9 su* a way t !y n[ _h ,*ri/ian significance4 ,! beautiful dipty* 9 ! ,b>gello1 repres5t+ ,adam 9 ! ,e>?ly ,p>adise1 may easily h be5 orig9ally int5d$ = ,orpheus1 especially s9ce ,eve is abs5t6 ,! treatm5t is r classical1 & 0 probably adapt$ to its lat] "n4 ,"s dipty*s :i* 7 us$ aft]w>ds = ecclesia/ical purposes1 %[ signs ( hav+ _h ! ,consul> inscription eras$1 & ! wax remov$1 :ile ,*ri/ian s5tim5ts 7 writt5 or incis$ )9 ! book itself4 ,p>ts ( ! s]vice 7 also occasionally transcrib$ on dipty*s4 ,9 ,milan ! ,rites conta9 ^! passages3 ,! lesson end$1 a s*ol>1 ve/$ 9 a surplice1 takes ! ivory tablets f ! alt> or ambo1 & asc5ds ! pulpit2 & 9 ano!r place a simil> allusion occurs3 ,:5 ! ,deacon *ants ! ,alleluia1 ! key be>] = ! week h&s ! ivory tablets to him at ! exit ( ! *oir4 ,ana/atius1 9 8 ,life ( ,pope ,aga?o1 tells ( a =m ( po/hum\s excommunication :i* 0 sometimes practis$3 ,!y took away f ! dipty*s444 :]ev] x c\ld be done1 ! names & figures ( ^! patri>*s1 ,cyrus1 ,s]gius1 ,paul1 ,pyrrhus1 & ,pet]1 ?r\gh :om error _h be5 br\ght among ! or?odox4 ,among ivory c>v+s 9 ,c>lov+ian times may be cit$ a casket ) ornam5tal colonettes s5t by ,eg9h>d to 8 son4 ,9 #hbc1 ,l\is le ,debonaire own$ a /atuette1 a dipty*1 & a c(f]1 :ile 9 #hde ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,rheims plac$ an ord] = ivory book cov]s1 = ! works ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 a ,lection>y1 & o!r works4 ,! l>ge/ & be/ kn[n ivory c>v+ ( ! middle ages is ! ?rone ( ,maximian1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,rav5na4 ,?is entire *air1 ) an ar*$ back & arms1 is compos$ ( ivory 9 intricately c>v$ plaques4 ,x is consid]ably ov] ?ree feet 9 height1 & is a sup]b example ( ! be/ art ( ! six? c5tury4 ,photographs & reproductions ( x may be se5 9 mo/ works deal+ ) ?is subject4 ,sc5es f ,scripture are set all ov] x1 divid$ by *>m+ me&]s ( deeply cut v9e motives4 ,"s au?orities consid] ! figures inf]ior to ! o!r decorations3 ( c\rse 9 any del9eation ( ! human =m1 ! ar*aic elem5t is m ke5ly felt ?an :5 x appe>s 9 foliate =ms or conv5tional patt]ns4 ,dipty*s be+ (t5 tak5 9 consid]able numb]s & set into l>ge works ( ivory1 has l$ "s au?orities to suppose t ! ,rav5na ?rone 0 made ( su* a collection2 b ?is is contradict$ by ,pass]i 9 #agei1 :o alludes to ! panels 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,!y might readily be tak5 by ! ignorant = dipty*s4444 ,?is !y are n1 = !y _c be tak5 f ! consul> dipty*s :i* _h _! own ornam5tation1 ref]r+ to ! consultate & ! insignia1 diff]+ f ! sculpture de/9$ = o!r purposes4 ,h5ce !y are obvi\sly mi/ak5 :o c\nt c]ta9 tablets z dipty*s :i* h no ascription to any consul1 b repres5t ! ,muses1 ,bac*antes1 or ,gods4 ,^! seem to me to h be5 book cov]s4 ,probably ! select$ =m ( an upright tablet = ! majority ( ivory c>v+s is bas$ on economic pr9ciples3 ! be/ use ( ! mo/ surface f any squ>e block ( mat]ial is to cut x 9 ?9 slices4 ,9 _! ar*itecture ! s\!rn m$iaeval build]s s treat$ /one1 build+ a sub/ructure ( brick & lay+ a slab or v5e] ( ! m co/ly mat]ial on its surface3 ) ivory ?is same pr9ciple 0 foll[$1 & ! %ape ( ! tusk1 be+ long & n>r[1 naturally det]m9$ ! =m ( ! result+ tablets4 ,! ,?rone ( ,ivan ,,iii4 9 ,mosc[ & t ( ,/4 ,pet] 9 ,rome are also magnific5t monum5ts ( ?is art4 ,ivory caskets 7 ! *ief manife/ation ( ta/e 9 t m$ium1 dur+ ! p]iod ( transition f ! eigh? c5tury until ! revival ( ,byzant9e skill 9 ! t5? c5tury4 ,?is =m ( sculpture 0 at its be/ at a "t :5 /one sculpture 0 on ! decl9e4 ,!re is a fasc9at+ book cov] 9 ,rav5na :i* is a good example ( six? c5tury "w ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,9 ! c5tre1 ,*ri/ is se51 en?ron$ "u a k9d ( palmetto canopy2 above him1 on a long panel1 are two fly+ angels display+ a cross set 9 a wrea?2 at ei!r end /& little squat figures1 ) balls & crosses 9 _! h&s4 ,sc5es f ! miracles ( ,our ,"l occupy ! two side panels1 :i* are subdivid$ s t !re are f\r sc5es 9 all2 !y are s qua9t z to be really grotesque1 b h a c]ta9 blunt *>m :i* is enhanc$ by ! creamy lump9ess ( ! mat]ial 9 :i* !y are r5d]$4 ,! heal+ ( ! bl9d1 rais+ ( ! dead1 & ! comm& to ! man by ! pool to take up 8 b$ & walk1 are accurately repres5t$2 ! b$ 9 ?is in/ance is a =m ( c\* ) a wood5 frame & mattress1 ! c>ry+ ( :i* w\ld necessitate an unusual am\nt ( /r5g? on ! "p ( ev5 a /rong1 well man4 ,"o ( ! mo/ naive ( ^! panels ( ! miracles is ! cur+ ( "o possess$3 ! boy is ti$ ) cords by ! wri/s & ankles1 :ile1 at ! t\* ( ! ,ma/]1 a little demon is se5 issu+ f ! top ( ! head ( ! suff]]1 wav+ its arms pr\dly to celebrate its fre$om6 ,und]nea? is a small sc5e ( ! ?ree ,*ildr5 9 ! ,fi]y ,furnace2 !y look z if !y 7 pres5t+ a vaudeville turn1 be+ spirit$ 9 action1 & v dramatic4 ,bel[ all1 is a ma/]ly panel ( ,jonah & ! :ale1--an old fav\rite1 frequ5tly appe>+ 9 m$iaeval art4 ,! :ale1 positively smil+ & sportive1 eag]ly awaits 8 prey at ! "r4 ,jonah is mak+ a graceful dive f ! %ip1 app>5tly ) an ef=t to l& 9 ! v jaws ( ! :ale4 ,at ! opposite side1 ! :ale1 hav+ c\gh$ up 8 victim1 looks disappo9t$1 :ile ,jonah1 9 an attitude ( lassitude sugge/ive ( sea-sickness1 recl9es on a bank2 an angel1 ) "o f+] lift$ z if 9 reproa*1 is hurry+ t[>ds him4 ,an +5u\s ivory c>v+ ( ! n9? c5tury 9 ,c>lov+ian /yle is a book cov] on :i* is depict$ ! f9d+ ( ,/4 ,gall1 by tame be>s 9 ! wild]ness4 ,^! be>s1 walk+ decor\sly on _! h9d legs1 are figur$ z c>ry+ bread to ! hungry sa9t3 "o holds a long ,fr5* loaf ( a famili> patt]n1 & ! o!r a breakfa/ roll6 ,b]nw>d ( ,hilde%eim _h a bran* = ivory c>v+ 9 8 celebrat$ academy1 to :i* allusion has be5 made4 ,ivory dr9k+ horns 7 among ! mo/ beautiful & ornate examples ( secul> ivories4 ,!y 7 call$ ,oliphants1 because ! tusks ( elephants 7 *iefly us$ 9 _! manufacture4 ,9 #aeae ! ,e>l ( ,ormonde leaves 9 8 w a little :ite horn ( ivory g>ni%$ at bo? ends ) gold1 & 9 ,/4 ,paul's 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 !re is m5tion ( a great horn ( ivory engrav$ ) bea/s & birds4 ,! ,horn ( ,ulphas at ,york is an example ( ! great dr9k+ horns f :i* ! ,saxons & ,danes1 9 e>ly days1 drank 9 tok5 ( transf] ( l&s2 z we are told by an old *ronicl]1 ,:5 he gave ! horn t 0 to convey 8 e/ate1 he fill$ x ) w9e1 & w5t on 8 knees be=e ! alt>444 s t he drank x (f 9 te/imony t !reby he gave !m 8 l&s4 ,?is horn 0 giv5 by ,ulphas to ! ,ca!dral ) c]ta9 l&s1 a little be=e ! ,conque/1 & plac$ by him on ! alt>4 ,int]e/+ ivories are (t5 ! pa/oral /aves c>ri$ by bi%ops4 ,t ( ,o?o ,bi%op ( ,hilde%eim 9 #abfj is inscrib$ 9 ! v>i\s p>ts3 ,p]suade by ! l[] "p2 rule by ! middle2 & correct by ! po9t4 ,^! 7 app>5tly ! symbolic functions ( ! crozi]4 ,! ,fr5* ,go?ic ivory crozi]s are p]haps m beautiful ?an o!rs1 ! little figures /&+ 9 ! c>v$ volutes be+ especially delicate & graceful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pa/oral ,,/aff2 ,,ivory1 ,,g]man1 #ab,,? ,,c5tury ,be=e a m$iaeval bi%op c\ld p]=m mass he 0 envelop$ 9 a wrapp]1 & 8 hair 0 comb$ respectfully & lightly 7no tugg+67 by ! deacon4 ,?is be+ a "p ( ! regul> c]emonial1 special c>v$ combs ( ivory1 kn[n z ,liturgical ,combs1 7 us$4 ,_m ( !m rema9 9 collections1 & !y are (t5 ornam5t$ 9 ! mo/ delightful way1 ) little processions & ,scriptural sc5es 9 bas-relief4 ,9 ! ,regalia ( ,engl&1 !re 0 m5tion$ among ?+s de/roy$ 9 #afdi1 ,"o old comb ( horn1 wor? no?+4 ,accord+ to ,dav5port1 ?is may h be5 ! comb us$ 9 smoo?+ ! k+'s hair on ! occasion ( a ,coronation4 ,! ri* pulpit at ,aix la ,*apelle is cov]$ ) plates ( gold set ) /ones & ivory c>v+s2 ^! are v f9e4 ,x 0 giv5 to ! ca!dral by ! ,emp]or ,h5ry ,,ii4 ,! inscription may be ?us translat$3 ,artfully bright5$ 9 gold & preci\s /ones1 ?is pulpit is "h d$icat$ by ,k+ ,h5ry ) rev]5ce1 desir\s ( cele/ial glory3 ri*ly x is decorat$ ) 8 own treasures1 = y1 mo/ ,holy ,virg91 9 ord] t y may obta9 ! highe/ ga9 z a future rew>d = him4 ,! s5tim5t is n entirely dis9t]e/$2 b are n motives g5]ally mix$8 ,/4 ,b]n>d prea*$ a ,crusade f ?is pulpit 9 #aadf4 ,! ivory c>v+s are v anci5t1 & rem>kably f9e1 repres5t+ figures f ! ,greek my?s4 ,ivory h&les 7 usual = ! fly-fan1 or flabellum1 us$ at ! alt>1 to keep flies & o!r insects away f ! ,elem5ts4 ,"o entry 9 an inv5tory 9 #adbi might be confus+ if "o did n "k ( ?is cu/om3 ! article is m5tion$ z "o muscifugium de pecock mean+ a fly-fan ( peacock's fea!rs6 ,small r\nd ivory boxes elaborately sculptur$ 7 us$ bo? = ,res]v+ ! ,ho/ & = conta9+ relics4 ,9 ! inv5tory ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ,hill1 ,london1 0 m5tion$1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 a lytill yvory c(yr ) relyks4 ,at ,durham1 9 #achc1 !re is an acc\nt ( an ivory casket conte9+ a ve/m5t ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 & 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 9 ! same collection1 0 a too? ( ,/4 ,g5dulphus1 good = ! ,fall+ ,sickness1 9 a small ivory pyx4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ivory ,,mirror ,,case2 ,,e>? #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,ivory mirror backs l5t !mselves well to decorations ( a m secul> nature3 ^! are (t5 c>v$ ) ! ,siege ( ! ,ca/le ( ,love1 & ) sc5es f ! old ,romances2 t\rnam5ts 7 v popul>1 ) ladies 9 balconies above pelt+ ! h]oes ) roses z l>ge z !mselves1 & ! tutor ,ari/otle play+ horse 0 a great fav\rite4 ,little elopem5ts on horseback 7 v mu* lik$1 too1 z subjects2 sometimes r[s ( h]oes on /e$s appe>1 /&+ "u w9d[s1 f :i*1 9 a mo/ :olesale way1 :ole nunn]ies or bo>d+-s*ools seem to be desc5d+ to fly ) !m4 ,"o ( ^! mirrors %[s ,huon ( ,bordeaux play+ at *ess ) ! k+'s daught]3 ano!r repres5ts a ca/le1 :i* occupies ! upp] c5tre ( ! circle1 & "u ! w9d[ is a drawbridge1 across :i* passes a procession ( m\nt$ knights4 ,"o ( ^! has paus$1 &1 /&+ balanc+ himself 9 a mo/ prec>i\s way on ! pommels ( 8 saddle1 is assi/+ a lady to desc5d f a w9d[4 ,bel[ are se5 o!rs1 or p]haps ! same lov]s1 9 a lat] /age ( ! game1 escap+ 9 a boat4 ,at ! w9d[s are ! heads ( o!r ladies await+ _! turn to be c>ri$ (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ivory ,,mirror ,,case1 #acdj ,an ivory *e/ ( simple squ>e %ape1 once ! prop]ty ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,b[le1 is giv5 9 detail by ,c>t] 9 ! ,anci5t ,specim5s1 & is z int]e/+ an example ( allegorical romance z c be imag9$4 ,obs]ve ! attitude ( ! knight :o has laid 8 sword across a *asm 9 ord] to use x z a bridge4 ,he is proce$+ on all f\rs1 ) unb5t knees1 "r up ! %>p edge ( ! blade6 ,among small box %r9es :i* soon develop$ 9 ,*ri/ian times f ! ,consul> dipty*s is "o1 9 ! inv5tory ( ,rog] de ,mortim]1 a lyttle long box ( yvory1 ) an ymage ( ,our ladye !re9 clos$4 ,! diff]5ces 9 expression betwe5 ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & ,g]man ivory c>v+s is q int]e/+4 ,! ,fr5* faces & figures h always a piquancy ( action3 ! nose is a little retr\ssee & ! eyelids long4 ,! ,g]man %[s m solidity ( p]son1 less transitor9ess & lightness ab\t ! figure1 & ! nose is blunt]4 ,! ,engli% c>v+s are (t5 spirit$1 s z to be almo/ grotesque 9 _! /r5u\sness1 & ! tool-m>k is visible1 giv+ rugg$ness & int]e/4 ,no?+ c\ld be m exquisite ?an ! ,go?ic %r9es 9 ivory made 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b descriptions1 unless accompani$ by illu/rations1 c\ld give little idea ( _! individual *>m1 = ! subject is usually ! same3 ! ,virg9 & *ild1 9 ! c5tral portion ( ! tripty*1 :ile sc5es f ! ,passion occupy ! spaces on ei!r side1 9 ! w+s4 ,/atuettes 9 ! r\nd 7 r>e 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian times3 "o ( ! ,good ,%eph]d 9 ! ,basilewski collection is almo/ unique1 b pyxes 9 cyl9drical =m 7 made1 ! sculpture on !m be+ 9 relief4 ,9 small ivory /atuettes x 0 necess>y to foll[ ! natural curve ( ! tusk 9 c>v+ ! figure1 h5ce ! usual twi/$1 & sometimes almo/ contort$ =ms (t5 se5 9 ^! specim5s4 ,lat]1 ?is peculi>ity 0 copi$ 9 /one1 unconsci\sly1 simply because ! /yle _h become cu/om>y4 ,"o ( ! mo/ *>m+ little gr\ps ( figures 9 ivory is 9 ! ,l\vre1 ! ,coronation ( ! ,virg94 ,! two c5tral figures are flank$ by delightful jocul> little angels1 :o h t *>act]i/ic close-lipp$1 cat-l smile1 :i* is a regul> feature 9 all ,fr5* sculpture ( ! ,go?ic type4 ,9 a little tripty* ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 n[ 9 ,london1 !re is ! r unusual sc5e ( ,joseph1 sitt+ opposite ! ,virg91 & hold+ ! ,infant 9 8 arms4 ,among ! few names ( m$iaeval ivory c>v]s kn[n1 are ,h5ry de ,gres1 9 #acia1 ,heliot1 #acij1 & ,h5ry de ,s5lis1 9 #adhd4 ,heliot is record$ z hav+ produc$ = ,philip ! ,bold two l>ge ivory tablets ) images1 "o ( :i* is !444 life ( ,monsieur ,/4 ,john ,bapti/4 ,?is polite description occurs 9 ! ,acc\nts ( ,amiot ,arnaut1 9 #acib4 ,a curi\s freak ( ! ,go?ic p]iod 0 ! mak+ ( ivory /atuettes ( ! ,virg91 :i* op5$ d[n ! c5tre 7l ! ,iron ,maid5 ( ,nu]emb]g71 & disclos$ )9 a s]ies ( ,scriptural sc5es sculptur$ on ! back & on bo? sides4 ,^! images 7 call$ ,vi]ges ,ouvrantes1 & 7 decid$ly m curi\s ?an beautiful4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a specim5 ( nor!rn "w1 a basket cut out f ! bone ( a :ale2 x is ,norse 9 workman%ip1 & !re is a ,runic inscription ab\t ! bord]1 :i* has be5 ?us translat$3 ,! :ale's bones f ! fi%es' flood ,i lift$ on ,f]g5 ,hill3 ,he 0 da%$ to dea? 9 8 gambols ,& agr\nd he swam 9 ! %all[s4 ,f]g5 ,hill ref]s to an em95ce ne> ,durham4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*essman ,,f ,,lewis ,"s v anci5t *essm5 are pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 9 p>ticul> a set call$ ! ,lewis ,*essm54 ,!y 7 discov]$ 9 ! la/ c5tury1 be+ laid b>e by ! pick axe ( a lab\r]4 ,^! *essm5 h /range />+ eyes2 :5 ! workman saw !m1 he took !m = gnomes :o _h come up out ( ! b[els ( ! e>?1 to annoy him1 & he ru%$ (f 9 t]ror to report :at prov$ to be an important ar*aeological discov]y4 ,"o ( ! *essm5 ( ,*>lemagne is to be se5 9 ,p>is3 he rides an elephant1 & is att5d$ by a cortege1 all 9 "o piece4 ,sometimes ^! m5 are v elaborate ivory c>v+s 9 !mselves4 ,z ,mr4 ,maskell po9ts out t bi%ops did n we> mitres1 accord+ to high au?ority1 until aft] ! ye> #ajjj1 x is unlikely t any ( ! anci5t *essm5 9 :i* ! ,bi%op appe>s 9 a mitre %\ld be ( e>li] date ?an ! elev5? c5tury4 ,!re is "o f9e ,anglo-,saxon set ( draughts 9 :i* ! :ite pieces are ( walrus ivory1 & ! black pieces1 ( g5u9e jet4 ,paxes1 :i* 7 pass$ ab\t 9 *ur* = ! ,kiss ( ,peace1 7 sometimes made ( ivory4 ,!re are few rema9s ( e>ly ,spani% ivory sculpture4 ,among !m is a casket curi\sly & intricately ornam5t$ & decorat$1 ) ! foll[+ inscription3 ,9 ! ,"n ( ,god1 ,! ,bless+ ( ,god1 ! complete felicity1 ! happ9ess1 ! fulfilm5t ( ! hope ( good works1 & ! adj\rn+ ( ! fatal p]iod ( dea?1 be ) ,hagib ,seifo4444 ,?is box 0 made by 8 ord]s "u ! inspection ( 8 slave ,nomayr1 9 ! ye> #cie4 ,ivory caskets 9 ,spa9 7 (t5 us$ to conta9 p]fumes1 or to s]ve z jewel boxes4 ,x 0 cu/om>y1 also1 to use !m to convey pres5ts ( relics to *ur*es4 ,ivory 0 l>gely us$ 9 ,spa9 = inlay 9 f9e furniture4 ,k+ ,don ,san*o ord]$ a %r9e1 9 #ajcc1 to conta9 ! relics ( ,/4 ,millan4 ,! ivory plaques :i* are set ab\t ?is %r9e are int]e/+ specim5s ( ,spani% art "u ,ori5tal dom9ation4 ,"u "o little figure is inscrib$ ,app>itio ,s*ola/ico1 & ,remirus ,rex "u ano!r1 :ile a figure ( a sculptor c>v+ a %ield1 ) a workman /&+ by him1 is labell$ ,magi/ro & ,ridolpho 8 son4 ,few individual ivory c>v]s are kn[n by "n4 ,a ,fr5* arti/1 ,jean ,labraelli]1 work$ 9 ivory = ,*>les ,v4 ( ,france2 & 9 ,g]many x mu/ h be5 q a fa%ionable pursuit 9 high life2 ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 ,augu/ ! ,pi\s1 :o di$ 9 #aehf1 0 an ivory work]1 & !re are two snuff-boxes %[n z ! "w ( ,pet] ! ,great4 ,! ,elector ( ,br&5burgh & ,maximilian ( ,bav>ia bo? c>v$ ivory = _! own recreation4 ,9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies !re 7 _m well-kn[n sculptors :o turn$ _! att5tion to ivory2 b our rese>*es h>dly c>ry u s f>4 ,= a mom5t1 h[ev]1 ,i mu/ t\* on ! subject ( billi>d balls4 ,x may int]e/ our read]s to "k t ! size ( ! little black dot on a ball indicates its quality4 ,! n]ve :i* runs ?r\gh a tusk1 is visible at ?is po9t1 & a ball made f ! ivory ne> ! end ( ! tusk1 :]e ! n]ve has tap]$ (f to its smalle/ proportions1 is ! be/ ball4 ,! f9e/ balls ( all are made f %ort /ubby tusks1 :i* are kn[n z ball tee?4 ,! ivory 9 ^! is clos] 9 gra91 & !y are mu* m exp5sive4 ,v l>ge tusks are m liable to h co>se gra9$ bony spaces ne> ! c5tre4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,inlay ,,& ,,mosaic ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( inlay1 "o :]e ! patt]n is incis$1 & a pla/ic fill+ press$ 91 & all[$ to h>d51 on ! pr9ciple ( a niello2 ano!r1 :]e bo? ! piece to be set 9 & ! backgr\nd are cut out sep>ately2 & a ?ird1 :]e a numb] ( small bits are fitt$ toge!r z 9 a mosaic4 ,! pavem5t 9 ,si5a is an example ( ! fir/ process4 ,! second process is (t5 accompli%$ ) a f9e saw1 l :at is popul>ly kn[n z a jig saw1 cutt+ ! same patt]n 9 light & d>k wood1 "o lay] ov] ano!r2 ! d>k c !n be set into ! light1 & ! light 9 ! d>k )\t m ?an "o cutt+ = bo?4 ,! mosaic ( small pieces c be se5 9 any ( ! ,s\!rn *ur*es1 &1 inde$1 n[ 9 ne>ly e c\ntry4 ,x 0 ! *ief wall treatm5t ( ! middle ages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>ble ,,inlay ,,f ,,lucca ,ab\t ! ye> #gfd1 ,mae/ro ,giudetto ornam5t$ ! delightful ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,mi*ele at ,lucca4 ,?is "w1 or at lea/ ! be/ ( x1 is a procession ( v>i\s little p>tly h]aldic & p>tly grotesque animals1 inlaid ) :ite m>ble on a gr\nd ( gre5 s]p5t9e4 ,!y are full ( ! be/ expression ( m$iaeval art4 ,! ,lion ( ,flor5ce1 ! ,h>e ( ,pisa1 ! ,/ork ( ,p]ugia1 ! ,dragon ( ,pi/oja1 are all to be se5 9 ^! simple mosaics1 if "o *ooses to consid] !m z su*1 h>dly m ?an :ite silh\ettes1 & yet full ( life & vig\r4 ,! effect is t ( a va/ piece ( lace1--! real cut "w ( ! p]iod4 ,absurd little trees1 z space fill]s1 are set 9 ! gre5 & :ite m>ble4 ,e read] w rememb] h[ ,rusk9 0 en?usia/ic ov] ^! little creatures1 & no "o c fail to feel _! *>m4 ,! pavem5ts at ! ,flor5t9e ,bapti/]y & at ,san ,m9iato are int]e/+ examples ( inlay 9 black & :ite m>ble4 ,!y are e>ly works1 & are ! natural =]unn]s ( ! m>vell\s pavem5t at ,si5a1 :i* is ! mo/ rem>kable ( its k9d 9 ! _w4 ,! pavem5t ma/]s work$ 9 v>y+ me?ods4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! jo9+ toge!r ( l>ge flat pieces ( m>ble1 cut 9 ! %apes ( ! g5]al design1 & !n outl9+ on !m an actual black draw+ by means ( deeply cut *annels1 fill$ ) h>d black cem5t4 ,! *annels 7 fir/ cut sup]ficially & !n emphasiz$ & deep5$ by ! use ( a drill1 9 a s]ies ( holes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,pavem5t1 ,,bapti/]y1 ,,flor5ce ,lat] work]s us$ black m>bles = ! backgr\nds1 r$ = ! gr\nd1 & :ite = ! figures1 sometimes add+ t\*es ( yell[ inlay = decorations1 jewels1 & s =?4 ,"s ( ! work]s ev5 us$ gray m>ble to repres5t %ad[s1 b ?is 0 v difficult1 & ^? :o attempt$ less *i>oscuro 7 m successful f a decorator's po9t ( view4 ,?is "w cov]$ c5turies4 ,! e>lie/ date ( ! ornam5tal "w 9 ,si5a is #acfi4 ,f #adac to #adbc ,dom5ico del ,coro1 a fam\s work] 9 glass & 9 int>sia1 0 sup]9t5d5t ( ! works4 ,! beauty & _s ( mu* ( ! e>li] inlay h be5 impair$ by re/oration1 b ! :ole effect is unique1 & on s va/ a scale t "o hesitates to criticize x j z "o hesitates to criticize ! w9d[s at ,g\da4 ,"o comp>tm5t ( ! floor is 9 g5u9e mosaic1 dat+ f #acgc4 ,! design] is unkn[n1 b ! feel+ is v ,si5ese2 ,romulus & ,remus are se5 9 _! cu/om>y relation to ! dome/icat$ wolf1 :ile ! symbolical animals ( v>i\s ,italian cities are arrang$ 9 a s]ies ( circles ar\nd ?is c5trepiece4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ designs is t ( ,absalom1 hang+ by 8 hair4 ,x is 9 %>p black & :ite1 & ! foliage ( ! trees is rem>kably decorative1 r5d]$ ) int]e/+ m9utiae4 ,?is is attribut$ to ,pietro del ,m9ella1 & 0 begun 9 #addg4 ,a v int]e/+ composition is t ( ! ,p>able ( ! ,mote & ! ,beam4 ,?is is an e>ly "w1 ab\t #acge2 x %[s two g5tlem5 9 ! co/ume ( ! p]iod1 argu+ 9 c\rtly /yle1 "o app>5tly declaim+ to ! o!r h[ mu* bett] x w\ld be = him if x 7 n = ! mote 9 8 eye1 :ile f ! eye ( ! speak] himself ext5ds1 at an impossible angle1 a huge w$ge ( wood1 long] ?an 8 head1 f :i* he appe>s to suff] no inconv5i5ce1 & :i* seems to h defi$ ! laws ( gravitation6 ,! r5[n$ ,matteo da ,si5a work$ on ! pavem5t2 he design$ ! sc5e ( ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts--x seems to h be5 always 8 fav\rite subject4 ,he 0 app>5tly ( a morbid turn4 ,9 #aeje ,p9turic*io 0 paid = a "w on ! floor3 ,to ma/] ,b]n>d9o ,p9turic*io1 ptr41 = 8 lab\r 9 mak+ a c>toon = ! design ( ,=tune1 :i* is n[ be+ made 9 ! ,ca!dral1 on ?is #ac? day ( ,m>*1 #ab ,lires = our said ,ma/] ,alb]to4 ,! mosaic is 9 r$1 black1 & :ite1 :ile o!r col\r$ m>bles are introduc$ 9 ! ornam5tal p>ts ( ! design1 sev]al ( :i* h be5 r5ew$4 ,=tune h]self has be5 re/or$1 also1 z h mo/ ( ! l[] figures 9 ! composition4 ,h] prec>i\sness is well indicat$ by h] action 9 re/+ "o foot on a ball1 & ! o!r on an un/able little boat :i* floats1 ) brok5 ma/1 by ! %ore4 ,%e holds a sail above h] head1 s t %e is liable to be sway$ by v>y+ w9ds4 ,! ?ree upp] figures are 9 a bett] /ate ( pres]vation ?an ! o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,pavem5t1 ,,si5a2 ,,=tune1 ,,by ,,p9turic*io ,!re 0 also 9 ,france "s int]e/ 9 mosaic dur+ ! elev5? c5tury4 ,at ,/4 ,remi 9 ,rheims 0 a celebrat$ pavem5t 9 :i* enamels 7 us$ z well z m>bles4 ,among ! designs :i* appe>$ on ?is pavem5t1 :i* mu/ h positively rivall$ ,si5a 9 its glory1 0 a gr\p ( ! ,sev5 ,arts1 z well z num]\s ,biblical sc5es4 ,x is said t c]ta9 bits ( valuable /one1 l jasp]1 7 exhibit$ 9 m>ble sett+s1 l preci\s /ones 9 a r+4 ,!re 7 o!r ,fr5* pavem5ts1 ( ! elev5? c5tury1 :i* 7 simil> 9 _! con/ruction1 9 :i* t]ra cotta 0 employ$ = ! r$s4 ,pietra ,dura 0 a mosaic laid ^u ei!r a ?ick wood or a m>ble f\ndation4 ,lapis lazuli1 mala*ite1 & jasp] 7 us$ l>gely1 z well z blood/ones1 onyx1 & ,rosso ,antico4 ,9 ,flor5t9e ,pietra ,dura "w1 ! inlay ( two h>d & equally cut mat]ials rea*$ its climax4 ,arnolfo del ,cambio1 :o built ! ,ca!dral ( ,/a4 ,m>ia ,fiore 9 ,flor5ce1 be+ its ar*itect f #abid till #acaj1 0 ! fir/ 9 t city to use col\r$ slabs & panels ( m>ble 9 a sort ( flat mosaic on a va/ scale on ! outside ( build+s4 ,8 example has be5 ext5sively foll[$ ?r\gh\t ,italy4 ,! art ( ,pietra ,dura mosaic began "u ,cosimo ,i4 :o import$ x1 if "o may use su* an expression1 f ,lomb>dy4 ,x 0 us$ *iefly1 l ,gobel9s ,tape/ry1 to make v co/ly pres5ts1 o!rwise unprocurable1 = gr&ees & cr[n$ heads4 ,= a long "t ! "w 0 a ,royal monopoly4 ,!re are sev]al int]e/+ examples 9 ! ,pitti ,palace1 9 ?is case 9 ! =m ( tables4 ,fl[]s1 fruits1 %ells1 & ev5 figures & l&scapes h be5 repres5t$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,six ma/]s ( ! art ( ,pietra ,dura came f ,milan 9 #aehj1 to in/ruct ! ,flor5t9es3 & a portrait ( ,cosimo ,i4 0 ! fir/ important result ( _! lab\rs4 ,x 0 execut$ by ,mae/ro ,francesco ,f]ucci4 ,! ,m$icean ,mausoleum 9 ,flor5ce exhibits magnific5t specim5s ( ?is craft4 ,9 ! "t ( ,f]d9& ,i4 ! art 0 c>ri$ by ,flor5t9es to ,india1 :]e x 0 us$ 9 decorat+ "s ( ! palaces4 ,"u ,f]d9& ,,ii4 ,pietra ,dura rea*$ its climax1 !re be+ 9 ,flor5ce at ?is "t a mo/ not$ ,fr5*man1 ,luigi ,siries1 :o settl$ 9 ,flor5ce 9 #agbb4 ,he ref9$ ! art by ceas+ to use ! /one z a pigm5t 9 produc+ pictures1 & employ+ x = ! m legitimate purposes ( decoration4 ,"s ( ! l>ge tables 9 ! ,pitti are 8 "w4 ,fl[]s & %ells on a porphyry gr\nd 7 especially *>act]i/ic ( ,siries4 ,!re 0 a fam\s inlay] ( tables1 long be=e ?is "t1 nam$ ,antonio ,leop>di1 :o liv$ f #adej to #aebe4 ,! inlay ( wood has be5 call$ m>quetry & int>sia1 & 0 us$ pr9cipally on furniture & *oir /alls4 ,lab>te gives ! orig9 ( ?is art 9 ,italy to ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! ,guild ( ,c>p5t]s 9 ,flor5ce _h a bran* ( ,int>siatura work]s1 :i* includ$ all =ms ( inlay 9 wood4 ,x is really m correct to speak ( int>sia :5 we allude to e>ly ,italian "w1 ! ^w be+ d]iv$ f int]s]]e1 ! ,lat9 = ins]t2 :ile m>quetry orig9ates 9 ,france1 mu* lat]1 f m>quet]1 to m>k4 ,italian wood inlay began 9 ,si5a1 :]e "o ,manuello is report$ to h work$ 9 ! ,ca!dral 9 #abei4 ,int>sia 0 also made 9 ,orvieto at ?is "t4 ,vas>i did n hold ! art 9 high e/imation1 say+ t x 0 practis$ by ^? p]sons :o possess$ m pati5ce ?an skill 9 design1 & ,i confess to a furtive concurr5ce 9 ,vas>i's op9ion4 ,he criticizes x a little illogically1 h[ev]1 :5 he goes on to say t ! "w soon becomes d>k1 & is always 9 dang] ( p]i%+ f ! worms & by fire1 = 9 ^! respects x is no m p]i%able ?an any great pa9t+ on canvas or panel4 ,vas>i always is a little extreme1 z we "k4 ,! e>lie/ ,italian work]s took a solid block ( wood1 *isell$ out a sunk5 design1 & !n fill$ 9 ! depression ) o!r woods4 ,! only enemy to su* "w 0 dampness1 :i* might loos5 ! glue1 or cause ! small ?9 bits to swell or w>p4 ,! glue 0 appli$ always :5 ! surfaces 7 p]fectly clean1 & ! :ole 0 press$1 be+ screw$ d[n on heat$ metal plates1 t all might dry ev5ly4 ,9 #adgh !re 7 ?irty-f\r work%ops ( int>sia mak]s 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! p]sonal hi/ory ( sev]al ( ! ,italian work]s 9 inlay is /ill available1 &1 z x makes a craft seem mu* m vital :5 ! names ( ! craftsm5 are kn[n to u1 x w be int]e/+ to glance at a few names ( prom95t arti/s 9 ?is bran* ( "w4 ,b]n>do ,agnolo & 8 family are among !m2 & ,dom5ico & ,giovanni ,tasso 7 wood-c>v]s :o work$ ) ,mi*elangelo4 ,among ! ,novelli1 !re is a qua9t tale call$ ,! ,fat ,ebony ,c>v]1 :i* is int]e/+ to read 9 ?is connection4 ,b5$etto da ,maiano1 "o ( ! mo/ solemn work]s 9 int>sia 9 ,flor5ce1 became disgu/$ ) 8 art aft] "o try+ exp]i5ce1 & ev] aft] turn$ 8 att5tion to o!r c>v+4 ,vas>i's v]sion ( ! affair is z foll[s4 ,b5$etto _h be5 mak+ two beautiful *e/s1 all inlaid mo/ elaborately1 & c>ri$ !m to ! ,c\rt ( ,hung>y1 to exhibit ! workman%ip4 ,:5 he _h made obeisance to ! k+1 & _h be5 k9dly receiv$1 he br\ght =w>d 8 cases & _h !m unpack$444 b x 0 !n he discov]$ t ! humidity ( ! sea voyage _h s(t5$ ! glue to su* an ext5t t :5 ! wax$ clo?s 9 :i* ! c(f]s _h be5 wrapp$ 7 op5$1 almo/ all ! pieces 7 f\nd /ick+ to !m1 & s fell to ! gr\nd6 ,:e!r ,b5$etto /ood amaz$ & conf\nd$ at su* an ev5t1 9 ! pres5ce ( s _m nobles1 let e "o judge = himself4 ,a fam\s family ( wood inlay]s 7 ! del ,tasso1 :o came f ,s4 ,g]vasio4 ,"o ( ! bro!rs1 ,giambatti/a1 0 a wag1 & is said to h wa/$ mu* "t 9 amusem5t & /&+ ab\t criticiz+ ! me?ods ( o!rs4 ,he 0 a fri5d ( ,cell9i1 & all 8 cronies pron\nce him to h be5 a good fell[4 ,on "o occasion he _h a good dose ( ! _s ( criticism1 himself1 f a visit+ abbot1 :o /opp$ to see ! ,m$icean tomb1 :]e ,tasso happ5$ to be work+4 ,tasso 0 reque/$ to %[ ! /rang] ab\t1 :i* he did4 ,! abbot began by depreciat+ ! beauty ( ! build+1 rem>k+ t ,mi*elangelo's figures 9 ! ,sacri/y did n int]e/ him1 & on 8 way up ! /airs1 he *anc$ to look out ( a w9d[ & caught sight ( ,brunelles*i's dome4 ,:5 ! dull ecclesia/ic began to say t ?is dome did n m]it ! admiration :i* x rais$1 ! exasp]at$ ,tasso1 :o 0 loyal to 8 fri5ds1 c\ld /& no m4 ,il ,lasca rec\nts :at happ5$3 ,pull+ ! abbot backw>d ) =ce1 he made him tumble d[n ! /aircase1 & he took good c>e to fall himself on top ( him1 & call+ out t ! frat] _h be5 tak5 mad1 he b\nd 8 arms & legs ) cords444 & !n tak+ him1 hang+ ov] 8 %\ld]s1 he c>ri$ him to a room ne>1 /ret*$ him on ! gr\nd1 & left him !re 9 ! d>k1 tak+ away ! key4 ,we w hope t if ,tasso himself 0 too prone to criticism1 he may h le>n$ a lesson f ?is didactic mona/ic1 & 0 m tol]ant 9 ! future4 ,( ! "w ( ,canozio1 a work] ( ab\t ! same "t1 ,matteo ,colaccio 9 #adhf1 writes1 ,9 visit+ ^! int>siad figures ,i 0 s mu* tak5 ) ! exquisit5ess ( ! "w t ,i c\ld n )old myself f prais+ ! au?or to heav56 ,he ref]s ?us ec/atically to ! ,/alls at ,/4 ,antonio at ,padua1 :i* 7 inlaid by ,canozio1 assi/$ by o!r ma/]s4 ,= 8 "w 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,dom5ico 9 ,reggio1 ! contract call$ = "s curi\s obs]vances3 he 0 b\nd by ?is to buy mat]ial = fifty lire1 to "w "o ?ird ( ! :ole und]tak+ = fifty lire1 to e>n ano!r fifty lire = ea* succe$+ ?ird1 & !n to give =ty-eight planks to ! ,lady1 :atev] t may mean6 ,among ! in/rum5ts m5tion$ are3 ,two screw pr(iles3 "o outl9]3 f\r "o-h&$ little planes3 rods = mak+ cornices3 two l>ge squ>es & "o grafonetto3 ?ree *isels1 "o glu$ & "o all ( iron3 a pair ( big p9c]s3 two little axes3 & a b5* to put ! t>sia on4 ,pyrography has its bir? 9 int>sia1 :]e s+e+ 0 sometimes employ$ z a %ad+ 9 reali/ic designs4 ,9 ! ,/udy ( ! ,palace at ,urb9o1 !re is m5tion ( arm *airs encircl+ a table all mosaick$ ) t>sia1 & c>v$ by ,mae/ro ,giacomo ( ,flor5ce1 a work] ( consid]able repute4 ,"o ( ! fir/ to adopt ! use ( ivory1 pe>l1 & silv] = inlay 0 ,&rea ,mass>i ( ,si5a4 ,9 ?is same way inlay ( tortoise-%ell & brass 0 made1--! two lay]s 7 saw$ out toge!r1 & !n c\nt]*ang$ s z to give ! patt]n 9 ea* mat]ial ^u ! o!r4 ,cab9ets are (t5 treat$ 9 ?is way4 ,ivory & s&al-wood or ebony1 too1 h be5 sometimes ?us comb9$4 ,9 ,spa9 cab9ets 7 (t5 made ( a sort ( mosaic ( ebony & silv]2 9 #aegd a ,prohibtion 0 issu$ aga9/ us+ silv] 9 ?is way1 s9ce x 0 becom+ sc>ce4 ,9 ,de ,luna's ,diologos ,famili>ea1 a ,spani% "w ( #affi1 ! foll[+ conv]sation is giv53 ,h[ mu* has y\r wor%ip paid = ?is cab9et8 ,x is wor? m ?an =ty ducats4 ,:at wood is x made (8 ,! r$ is ( mahogany1 f ,habana1 & ! black is made ( ebony1 & ! :ite ( ivory4 ,y w f9d ! workman%ip excell5t4 ,?is proves t inlaid cab9ets 7 usual 9 ,spa94 ,ebony be+ exp5sive1 x 0 sometimes simulat$ ) /a94 ,an old fifte5? c5tury recipe says3 ,take boxwood & lay 9 oil ) sulphur = a night1 !n let x /ew = an h\r1 & x w become z black z coal4 ,an old ,italian book enjo9s ! poli%+ ( ?is imitation ebony z foll[s3 ,is ! wood to be poli%$ ) burnt pumice /one8 ,rub ! "w c>efully ) canvas & ?is p[d]1 & !n wa% ! piece ) ,dut* lime wat] s t x may be m beautifully poli%$444 !n ! r9d ( a pomegranate mu/ be /eep$1 & ! wood sme>$ ov] ) x1 & set to dry1 b 9 ! %ade4 ,inlay 0 (t5 imitat$2 ! elaborate m>quetry cab9ets 9 ,/a4 ,m>ia della ,grazia 9 ,milan :i* are pr\dly display$ are 9 reality1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,russell ,/urgis1 clev]ly pa9t$ to simulate ! real inlaid wood4 ,mr4 ,hamilton ,jackson says t ^!1 be+ by ,lu9i1 are int5d$ to be kn[n z pa9t+s1 b to imitate int>sia4 ,int>sia 0 made also among ! mona/]ies4 ,! ,olivetans practis$ ?is art ext5sively1 &1 mu* z "s mona/]ies _h scriptoria = ! production ( books1 s o!rs _h c>p5t]'s %ops & /udios :]e1 accord+ to ,mi*ele ,caffi1 !y %[$ great tal5t = work+ 9 wood1 succe$+ to ! heir%ip ( ! art ( t>sia 9 col\r$ woods1 :i* !y got f ,tuscany4 ,"o ( ! m important ( ! ,olivetan ,mona/]ies 0 ,/4 ,mi*ele 9 ,bosco1 :]e ! not$ work] 9 t>sia1 ,fra ,raffaello da ,brescia1 made "s magnific5t *oir /alls4 ,9 #aeba ^! 7 f9i%$1 b !y 7 l>gely de/roy$ by ! mob 9 ! suppression ( ! conv5ts 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 #ahab eighte5 ( ! /alls 7 sav$1 b\ght by ! ,m>quis ,malvezzi1 & plac$ 9 ,/4 ,petronio4 ,he tri$ also to save ! canopies1 b ^! _h be5 sold = firewood at ab\t twop5ce ea*6 ,! /alls ( ,/4 ,dom5ico at ,bologna are by ,fra ,damiano ( ,b]gamo2 x is said ( him t 8 woods 7 col\r$ s m>vell\sly t ! art ( t>sia 0 by him rais$ to ! rank ( t ( pa9t+6 ,he 0 a ,dom9ican monk 9 ,bologna mo/ ( 8 life4 ,:5 ,*>les ,v4 visit$ ! *oir ( ,/4 ,dom5ico1 & saw ^! /alls1 he w\ld n believe t ! "w 0 accompli%$ by inlay1 & actually cut a piece out ) 8 sword by way ( inve/igation4 ,ca/iglione ! ,c\rti] expresses himself ) mu* admiration ( ! "w ( ,fra ,damiano1 r div9e ?an human4 ,( ! te*nical p]fection ( ! workman%ip he adds3 ,?\gh ^! works are execut$ ) inlaid pieces1 ! eye _c ev5 by ! greate/ ex]tion detect ! jo9ts4444 ,i ?9k1 inde$1 ,i am c]ta91 t x w be call$ ! eigh? wond] ( ! _w4 7,c\nt ,ca/iglione did n p]haps realize :at a wond]ful _w he liv$ 967 ,b at any rate !re is no objection to subscrib+ to 8 eulogy3 ,all t ,i c\ld say w\ld be little en\gh ( 8 r>e & s+ul> virtue1 & on ! goodness ( 8 religi\s & holy life4 ,ano!r frate :o wrote ab\t t "t allud$ to ,fra ,damiano z putt+ toge!r woods ) s mu* art t !y appe> z pictures pa9t$ ) ! bru%4 ,9 ,g]many !re 0 "s int]e/+ int>sia made by ! ,elf5 ,bro!rs1 ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's 9 ,hilde%eim1 :o produc$ beautiful *ancel furniture4 ,hans ,/5gel ( ,nu]emb]g1 too1 0 r5[n$ 9 ?is art4 ,aft] ! ,r5aissance m>quetry ran riot 9 ,france1 b t is out ( ! prov9ce ( our pres5t /udy4 ,! art ( mosaic mak+ has *ang$ v little dur+ ! c5turies4 ,ne>ly all ! te*nical me?ods n[ us$ 7 kn[n to ! anci5ts4 ,9 fact1 ?is art is r an elem5tal "o1 & any dep>ture f old e/abli%$ rules is liable to lead ! work] into a new craft2 8 art becomes t ( ! inlay] or ! enamell] :5 he attempts to use l>g] pieces 9 cloissons1 or to fuse bits toge!r by any process4 ,mosaic is a natural outgr[? f o!r inlay+2 :5 an elaborate design _h to be set up1 q too complicat$ to be treat$ 9 tortu\sly-cut l>ge pieces1 ! craftsman naturally decid$ to r5d] ! :ole "w ) small pieces1 :i* dem&$ less accurate %ap+ ( ea* piece4 ,orig9ally1 und\bt$ly1 ea* bit ( glass or /one 0 laid 9 ! s(t pla/] ( wall or floor2 b n[ a m lab\r sav+ me?od has obta9$2 x is amus+ to wat* ! mod]n re/-cure4 ,in/ead ( an arti/ work+ 9 squ>e bits ( glass to c>ry out 8 design1 ?r[+ 8 int]e/ & p]sonality into ! "w1 a lab\r] sits leisurely be=e a l>ge c>toon1 on :i* he glues pieces ( mosaic ! prescrib$ col\r & size1 me*anically fitt+ !m ov] ! design until x is completely cov]$4 ,!n ?is %eet ( pap]1 ) ! mosaic glu$ to x1 is slapp$ on to ! pla/] wall1 hav+ ! /ones next to ! pla/]1 s t1 until x is dry1 all t c be se5 is ! %eet ( pap] app>5tly fix$ on ! wall4 ,b lo6 ! gr& trans=mation6 ,! pap] is wa%$ (f1 leav+ 9 place ! f9i%$ product--a v accurate imitation ( ! picture on :i* ! arti/ lab\r$1 all 9 place 9 ! wall1 e /one ev5ly set z if x _h be5 poli%$--entirely miss+ ! *>m ( ! irregul> facet$ effect ( an old mosaic--aga9 me*anical facility kills ! _s ( an art4 ,mu* e>ly mosaic1 kn[n z ,cosmati ,"w1 is inlaid into m>ble1 9 geometric designs2 twi/$ columns ( ?is class ( "w may be se5 9 pr(usion 9 ,rome1 & ! facade ( ,orvieto is simil>ly decorat$4 ,our illu/ration w demon/rate ! te*nical process z well z a description4 ,! mosaic base ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor's %r9e is inscrib$ to ! effect t x 0 wr\ght by ,pet] ( ,rome4 ,x 0 a dignifi$ specim5 ( ! be/ ,cosmati4 ,all ! gold glass :i* once play$ its "p 9 ! s*eme ( decoration has be5 pick$ out1 & 9 fact mo/ ( ! pieces 9 ! patt]n are miss+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ambo ,,at ,,ravello2 ,,specim5 ,,( ,,cosmati ,,mosaic ,! mosaic pavem5t 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey ,presbyt]y is z f9e an example ( ,roman ,cosmati mosaic z "o c see nor? ( ! ,alps4 ,an inscription1 almo/ oblit]at$1 is int]pret$ by ,mr4 ,le?aby z signify+1 t 9 ! ye> #abfh ,h5ry ,,iii4 be+ ,k+1 & ,od]icus ! cem5t>ius1 ,ri*>d de ,w>e1 ,abbot1 br\ght ! porphyry & div]s jasp]s & m>bles ( ,?aso f ,rome4 ,9 ano!r place a sort ( enigma1 drawn f an arbitr>y comb9ation ( animal =ms & numb]s1 m>ks a *>t = det]m9+ ! end ( ! _w6 ,!re is also a beautiful mosaic tomb at ,we/m9/]1 inlaid ) an int]lac+ patt]n 9 a gr\nd ( m>ble1 l ! "w s usual 9 ,rome1 & 9 ,pal]mo1 & o!r ,s\!rn c5tres ( ! art4 ,:ile ! mat]ial us$ 9 mosaic wall decoration is sometimes a natural product1 l m>ble1 porphyry1 coral1 or alaba/]1 ! picture is compos$ = ! mo/ "p ( artificially prep>$ smalts--opaque glass ( v>i\s col\rs1 made 9 %eets & !n cut up into cubes4 ,an inf9ite v>iety 9 gradations ( col\r & texture is ?us made possible4 ,! gold gr\nds :i* "o sees 9 ne>ly all mosaics are con/ruct$ 9 an int]e/+ way4 ,ea* cube is compos$ ( pla9 r co>se glass1 ( a gre5i% t+e1 ^u :i* is laid gold leaf4 ,ov] ?is leaf is ano!r film ( glass1 extremely ?91 s t ! actual metal is isolat$ betwe5 two glasses1 & is ?us imp]vi\s to su* qualities 9 ! air z w\ld t>ni% x or cause x to det]iorate4 ,to prev5t an un9t]e/+ ev5ness ( surface on :i* ! sun's rays w\ld gl9t 9 a try+ mann]1 x 0 usual to lay ! gold cubes 9 a slightly irregul> mann]1 s t ea* facet1 z x 71 %\ld reflect at a diff]5t angle1 & ! texture1 especially 9 ! gold gr\nds1 nev] became monoton\s4 ,"o does n realize ! importance ( ?is cu/om until "o sees a *eap mod]n mosaic laid absolutely flat1 & !n x is evid5t h[ necess>y ?is brok5 surface is to good effect4 ,any "o :o has tri$ to analyze ! reason = ! sup]iority ( old ,fr5* /a9$ glass ov] any o!r1 w be surpris$1 if he goes close to ! wall1 "u "o ( ! m>vell\s w9d[s ( ,*>tres1 = in/ance1 & looks up1 to see t ! :ole fabric is w>p$ & b5t at a ?\s& angles1--x is n only ! quality ( ! anci5t glass1 nor its col\r1 t gives ?is unatta9able expression to ^! w9d[s1 b ! accid5tal w>p+ & we> ( c5turies h laid ea* bit ( glass at a diff]5t angle1 s t ! refraction ( ! light is q diff]5t f any possible reflection on ! smoo? surface ( a mod]n w9d[4 ,! dang]s ( a cle> gold gr\nd 71 felt m fully by ! work]s at ,rav5na & ,rome1 ?an 9 ,v5ice4 ,ar*itectural s*emes 7 introduc$ to break up ! surface3 cl\ds & backgr\nds1 fields ( fl[]s1 & trees1 & su* devices1 7 us$ to prev5t ! monotony ( ! unbrok5 gl9t4 ,b 9 ,v5ice ! decorators 7 brave2 _! fai? 9 _! mat]ial 0 unb\nd$1 & !y n only frankly laid gold 9 enorm\s masses on flat wall & cupola1 b !y ev5 m\ld$ ! edges & ar*ivolts )\t sep>ate ribs or /rips to relieve !m2 ! gold is c>ri$ all ov] ! edges1 :i* are r\nd$ into curves to receive ! mosaic1 s t ! effect is t ( ! entire upp] "p ( ! *ur* hav+ be5 press$ into %ape out ( solid gold4 ,! lights on ^! r\nd$ edges are incomp>ably ri*4 ,x is equally important to v>y ! pla9 values ( ! col\r1 & ?is 0 accompli%$ by means ( dilution & contra/ 9 t9ts in/ead ( by unev5ness ( surface1 al?\gh 9 _m ( ! mo/ satisfactory mosaics1 bo? means h be5 employ$4 ,pla9 t9ts 9 mosaic c be reliev$ 9 a mo/ delightful way by ! introduction ( little sep>ate cubes ( unrelat$ col\r1 & ! arti/ :o be/ und]/&s ?is use ( mass & dot is ! be/ mak] ( mosaic4 ,! actual craft ( con/ruction is simil> ev]y:]e1 b ! use ( :at we may reg>d z ! pigm5t has possibilities simil> to ! col\rs ( a pa9t]4 ,! manipulation be+ ( necessity sl[1 x is m difficult to convey ! idea ( spontaneity 9 design ?an x is 9 a fresco pa9t+4 ,to foll[ briefly ! hi/ory ( mosaic z us$ 9 ! ,d>k ,ages1 ! ,middle ,ages1 & ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance1 x is int]e/+ to note t by ! f\r? c5tury mosaic 0 ! pr9cipal decoration 9 ecclesia/ical build+s4 ,contant9e employ$ ?is art v ext5sively4 ,( 8 p]iod1 h[ev]1 few examples rema94 ,! mo/ notable is ! little *ur* ( ,/a4 ,con/anza1 ! vaults ( :i* are ornam5t$ 9 ?is way1 ) a f9e runn+ patt]n ( v9es1 int]sp]s$ ) figures on a small scale4 ,! ,libel ,pontificalis tells h[ ,con/ant9e built ! ,basilica ( ,/4 ,agnese at ! reque/ ( 8 daught]1 & also a bapti/]y 9 ! same place1 :]e ,con/ance 0 baptiz$1 by ,bi%op ,sylve/]4 ,among ! mo/ int]e/+ e>ly mosaics is ! apse ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pud5tiana 9 ,rome4 ,b>bet de ,j\y1 :o has writt5 ext5sively on ?is mosaic1 consid]s x to be an eigh? c5tury a*ievem5t4 ,b a lat] ar*aeologi/1 ,m4 ,rossi1 believes x to h be5 made 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 9 :i* !ory he is upheld by ,m4 ,vitet4 ,! design is t ( a company ( sa9ts ga!r$ ab\t ! ,?rone on :i* ,god ! ,fa!r sits to pass judgm5t4 ,9 c]ta9 re/orations & alt]ations made 9 #aehh two ( ^! figures 7 cut away1 & ! l[] halves ( ^? rema9+ 7 also remov$1 s t ! figures are n[ only half l5g?4 ,! faces & figures are drawn 9 a v /rik+ mann]1 be+ reali/ic & full ( graceful action1 v diff]5t f ! mosaics ( a lat] p]iod1 :i* 7 dom9at$ by ,byzant9e tradition4 ,9 ,france 7 _m specim5s ( ! mosaics ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,b lit]>y descriptions are all t h surviv$ ( ^! works1 :i* might once h be5 se5 at ,nantes1 ,t\rs1 & ,cl]mont4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mosaic ,,f ,,rav5na2 ,,!odora ,,& ,,h] ,,suite1 #af,,? ,,c5tury ,rav5na is ! %r9e ( ! craft 9 ! fif? & six? c5turies4 ,x is useless 9 s small a space to attempt to describe or d ju/ice to ^! incomp>able walls1 :]e gleam ! m>vell\s procession ( :ite rob$ virg9s1 & :]e glitt]s ! royal cortege ( ,ju/9ian & ,!odora4 ,! acme ( ! art 0 rea*$ :5 ^! mural decorations 7 plann$ & execut$1 & ! *ur*es ( ,rav5na may be consid]$ ! c5tral museum ( ! _w = a /udy ( mosaic4 ,among ^? :o work$ at ,rav5na a few names h desc5d$4 ,^! craftsm5 71 ,cus]ius1 ,paulus1 ,janus1 ,/atius & ,/ephanus1 b _! hi/ories are vague4 ,!odoric also br\ght "s mosaic arti/s f ,rome to "w 9 ,rav5na1 :i* fact acc\nts = a ,lat9 influ5ce disc]nible 9 ^! mosaics1 :i* are 9 _m in/ances free f ,byzant9e /iffness4 ,! details ( ! textiles 9 ! great mosaics ( ,ju/9ian & ,!odora are r>ely beautiful4 ,! *lamys ) :i* ,ju/9ian is g>b$ is cov]$ ) circul> int]laces ) birds 9 !m2 on ! bord] ( ! ,empress's robe are embroid]ies ( ! ?ree ,magi pres5t+ _! gifts2 on "o ( ! robes ( ! att5dants !re is a patt]n ( ducks swimm+1 :ile ano!r is ornam5t$ ) leaves ( a five-po9t$ =m4 ,!re is a mosaic 9 ! ,tomb ( ,galla ,placida 9 ,rav5na1 repres5t+ ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 *e]fully approa*+ 8 gridiron1 ) ! ,cross & an op5 book encumb]+ 8 h&s1 :ile 9 a conv5i5t corn] /&s a little piece ( furniture resembl+ a meat-safe1 conta9+ ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,! sa9t is walk+ briskly1 & is fully drap$2 ! gridiron is ( ! proportions ( a cot b$/ead1 & has a rag+ fire b5ea? x1--a gruesome sugge/ion ( ! m>tyrdom4 ,no f9] examples ( ! art ( ! col\ri/ 9 mosaic c be se5 ?an 9 ! procession ( ,virg9s at ,san ,apoll9aire ,nuovo 9 ,rav5na4 ,cool1 re/ra9$1 & satisfy+1 ! composition has all ! elem5ts ( *romatic p]fection4 ,9 ! gold5 backgr\nd occasional dots ( light & d>k br[n s]ve to deep5 ! tone into a slightly bronze col\r4 ,! effect is especially sc9tillat+ & ri*1 m l hamm]$ gold ?an a flat %eet4 ,! col\rs 9 ! trees are d>k & light gre51 :ile ! ,virg9s1 9 br[n robes1 ) :ite drap]ies ov] !m1 are reliev$ ) little t\*es ( gold4 ,! :ole tone be+ ?us gre5 & russet1 ) purpli% l9es ab\t ! halos1 is an unusual col\r-s*eme1 & c h>dly c>ry su* conviction 9 a description z :5 x is se54 ,9 ! ,ea/1 ! ,*ur* ( ,/a4 ,sophia at ,con/ant9ople exhibit$ ! mo/ magnific5t specim5s ( ?is "w2 ! build+ 0 con/ruct$ "u ,con/ant9e1 by ! ar*itects ,an!mius & ,isidore1 & ! entire int]ior1 walls & dome includ$1 0 cov]$ by mosaic pictures4 ,among important works ( ! sev5? c5tury is ! apse ( ,/4 ,agnese1 9 ,rome4 ,honorius decorat$ ! *ur*1 ab\t #fcj1 & x is "o ( ! mo/ effective mosaics 9 ,rome4 ,at ,/4 ,john ,lat]an1 also1 ,pope ,john ,,iv4 caus$ a spl5did "w to be c>ri$ out1 :i* has be5 report$ z be+ z brilliant z ! sacr$ wat]s4 ,9 ! eigh? c5tury a magnific5t a*ievem5t 0 accompli%$ 9 ! mona/]y ( ,c5tula1 9 ,pic>die1 b all traces ( ?is h be5 lo/1 = ! conv5t 0 burnt 9 #aaca4 ,! eigh? 0 n an active c5tury = ! arts1 = 9 #gbf ,leo's edict 0 s5t =?1 prohibit+ all =ms ( image wor%ip1 & at a ,c\ncil at ,con/ant9ople 9 #ged x 0 decid$ t all iconographic repres5tation & all use ( symbols 7except 9 ! ,sacram5t7 7 blasphem\s4 ,idolatr\s monum5ts 7 de/roy$1 & ! iconocla/s cont9u$ _! deva/ations until ! dea? ( ,!ophilus 9 #hdb4 ,=tunately ?is wave ( zeal 0 *eck$ be=e ! de/ruction ( ! mosaics 9 ,rav5na & ,rome1 b v few specim5s surviv$ 9 ,france4 ,9 ! n9? c5tury a great _m important monum5ts 7 add$1 & a majority ( ! mosaics :i* may /ill be se51 date f t "t3 !y are n fir/ 9 quality1 h[ev]1 al?\gh !y are m num]\s4 ,aft] ?is1 !re 0 a p]iod ( inanition1 9 ?is art z 9 all o!rs1 :ile ! pseudo-prophets await$ ! end+ ( ! _w4 ,aft] ! ye> #ajjj _h pass$1 & ! a/oni%$ p f\nd t !y 7 /ill alive1 & t ! _w appe>$ z /able z =m]ly1 int]e/ began to revive1 & ! new bir? ( art produc$ "s significant examples 9 ! field ( mosaic4 ,!re 0 "s activity 9 ,g]many1 = a "t1 ! v]satile ,bi%op ,b]nw>d ( ,hilde%eim add+ ?is craft to 8 num]\s accompli%m5ts1 al?\gh x is probable t 8 works resembl$ ! graffiti & inlaid "w r ?an ! mosaics compos$ ( cubes ( smalt4 ,at ! ,mona/]y ( ,monte ,cass9o 9 ! elev5? c5tury 0 an int]e/+ p]sonality1--! ,abbe ,didi]1 its ,sup]ior4 ,ab\t #ajff he br\ght work]s f ,con/ant9ople1 :o decorat$ ! apse & walls ( ! basilica "u 8 direction4 ,at ! same "t1 he e/abli%$ a s*ool at ! mona/]y1 & ! "y memb]s 7 in/ruct$ 9 ! arts & crafts ( mosaic & inlay1 & ! illum9ation ( books4 ,greek influ5ce 0 ?us c>ri$ into ,italy ?r\gh ,monte ,cass9o4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury ! celebrat$ ,sug] ( ,/4 ,d5is decorat$ "o ( ! por*es ( 8 *ur* ) mosaic1 9 smalt1 m>bles1 & gold2 animal & human =ms 7 introduc$ 9 ! ornam5t4 ,b ?is may n h be5 "w actually execut$ on ! spot1 = ano!r n>rator tells u t ,sug] br\ght home f ,italy1 on "o ( 8 j\rneys1 a mosaic1 :i* 0 plac$ ov] ! door at ,/4 ,d5is2 z x is no long] 9 its position1 x is n easy to det]m9e :i* acc\nt is correct4 ,! mosaics at ,/4 ,m>k's 9 ,v5ice 7 *iefly ! "w ( two c5turies & a half4 ,greek arti/s 7 employ$ 9 ! ma91 br++ _! own tess]ae & m>bles4 ,9 #abjd !re 0 special activity 9 ?is l9e1 at ! "t :5 ! ,v5etians took ,con/ant9ople4 ,aft] ?is1 an e/abli%m5t = mak+ ! smalts & gold glass 0 set up at ,murano1 & ,v5ice no long] import$ its mat]ial4 ,! old ,ca!dral at ,torcello has "o ( ! mo/ p]fect examples ( ! twelf? c5tury mosaic 9 ! _w4 ,! entire we/ end ( ! *ur* is cov]$ ) a ri* display ( figures & ,scriptural sc5es4 ,a v lurid ,hell is exhibit$ at ! l[] corn]1 9 ! dep?s ( :i* are se5 /ew+1 sev]al ,s>ac5s1 ) l>ge hoop e>r+s4 ,_! faces are highly expressive ( discom=t4 ,?is mosaic is full ( g5u9e feel+2 "o ( ! subjects is ,amphitrite rid+ a seahorse1 among ^? :o rise to ! surface :5 ! sea gives up its dead4 ,! ,r$eem$ are se5 cr[d+ r\nd ,abraham1 :o holds "o 9 8 bosom2 !y are l an infant class1 & are dress$ 9 uni=m p9a=es1 int5d$ to look l little ecclesia/ical ve/m5ts6 ,! ,dead :o are be+ giv5 up by ! ,e>? are be+ vomit$ =? by wild animals--?is is orig9al1 & ,i believe1 almo/ ! only occasion on :i* ?is =m ( lit]al resurrection is repres5t$4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury a l>ge numb] ( mosaic arti/s appe>$ 9 ,flor5ce1 _m ( ^: names & hi/ories are available4 ,9 ! ,bapti/]y1 ,&rea ,tafi1 :o liv$ betwe5 #abac & #abid1 decorat$ ! cupola4 ,) him 7 two assi/ants :o are kn[n by "n--,apollonius a ,greek1 :i* 9 "p acc\nts = ! /iff ,byzant9e figures 9 ?is "w1 & ano!r :o has left 8 signature1 ,jacobus ,sancti ,francisci ,frat]--evid5tly a mona/ic craftsman4 ,gaddo ,gaddi also assi/$ 9 ?is "w1 execut+ ! ,prophets :i* occur "u ! w9d[s1 & pr(ess+ to comb9e 9 8 /yle ! ,greek mann] & t ( ,cimabue4 ,apollonius taught ,&rea ,tafi h[ to compose ! smalt & to mix ! cem5t1 b ?is latt] 0 evid5tly unsuccessful1 = 9 ! next c5tury ! mosaic deta*$ itself & fell badly1 :5 ,agnolo ,gaddi1 ! gr&son ( ,gaddo1 0 engag$ to re/ore x4 ,tafi1 ,gaddi1 & ,jacobus 7 consid]$ z a promis+ firm1 & !y und]took o!r l>ge works 9 mosaic4 ,!y comm5c$ ! apse at ,pisa1 :i* 0 f9i%$ 9 #acba by ,vic9i1 ,cimabue design+ ! colossal figure ( ,*ri/ :i* ?us dom9ates ! ca!dral4 ,vas>i says t ,&rea ,tafi 0 consid]$ an excell5t1 nay1 a div9e arti/ 9 8 specialty4 ,&rea1 himself m mode/1 visit$ ,v5ice1 & deign$ to take in/ruction f ,greek mosaic work]s1 :o 7 employ$ at ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,"o ( !m1 ,apollonius1 became atta*$ to ,tafi1 & ?is is h[ he came to accompany him to ,flor5ce4 ,! "w on ! ,bapti/]y 0 done actually 9 situ1 e cube be+ set directly 9 ! pla/]4 ,! "w is /ill extant1 & ! te*nical & con/ructive features are p]fect1 s9ce _! re/oration4 ,x is amus+ to read ,vas>i's patroniz+ acc\nt ( ,tafi2 f ! late ,r5aissance po9t ( view1 ! mosaic work] seem$ to be a b>b>\s ,go? at be/3 ,! good =tune ( ,&rea 0 really great1 says ,vas>i1 to be born 9 an age :i*1 do+ all ?+s 9 ! rude/ mann]1 c\ld value s highly ! works ( an arti/ :o really m]it$ s little1 n to say no?+6 ,gaddo ,gaddi 0 a pa9/ak+ work] 9 mosaic1 execut+ "s works on a small scale entirely 9 egg%ells ( v>y+ t9ts4 ,9 ! ,b>oncelli *apel 9 ,flor5ce is a pa9t+ by ,taddeo ,gaddi1 9 :i* occur ! portraits ( 8 fa!r1 ,gaddo ,gaddi1 & ,&rea ,tafi4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! delightful mosaic at ,/4 ,clem5te1 9 ,rome1 0 execut$4 ,) its c5tral cross & graceful v9e decorations1 x /&s out unique among ! gr\ps ( sa9ts & s]aphs1 ( angels & hi]>*ies1 ( mo/ ( ! ,roman apsidal ornam5ts4 ,! mosaic 9 ! basilica ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an is by ,jacopo ,torriti4 ,9 ! design !re are two inconspicu\s figures1 int5tionally small] ?an ! o!rs1 ( two monks on _! knees1 work+1 ) measure & compass4 ,^! repres5t ,jacopo ,torriti & 8 co-work]1 ,cam]9o4 ,"o ( !m is inscrib$ 7translat$7 ,jacopo ,torriti1 pa9t]1 did ?is "w1 & ! o!r1 ,bro!r ,jacopo ,cam]9o1 companion ( ! ma/] work]1 comm5ds himself to ! bless$ ,john4 ,! tools & implem5ts us$ by mosaic arti/s are repres5t$ 9 ! h&s ( ^! two monks4 ,torriti 0 app>5tly a great] man 9 "s respects ?an 8 contempor>ies4 ,he bas$ 8 art r on ,roman ?an ,greek tradition1 & 8 works exhibit less ,byzant9e =mality ?an _m mosaics ( ! p]iod4 ,on ! apse ( ,/a4 ,m>ia ,maggiore !re appe>s a signature1 ,jacopo ,torriti made ?is "w 9 mosaic4 ,gaddo ,gaddi also add$ a composition bel[ ! vault1 ab\t #acjh4 ,! well-kn[n mosaic call$ ! ,navicella 9 ! atrium ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,rome1 0 orig9ally made by ,giotto4 ,x has be5 mu* re/or$ & alt]$1 b "s ( ! orig9al design und\bt$ly rema9s4 ,giotto w5t to ,rome to und]take ?is "w 9 #abih2 b ! pres5t mosaic is l>gely ! re/oration ( ,b]n9i1 :o c h>dly be consid]$ z a sympa!tic int]pret] ( ! e>ly ,flor5t9e /yle4 ,vas>i speaks ( ! ,navicella z a truly wond]ful "w1 & des]v$ly eulogiz$ by all enlight5$ judges4 ,he m>vels at ! way 9 :i* ,giotto has produc$ h>mony & int]*ange ( light & %ade s clev]ly3 ) m]e pieces ( glass 7,vas>i is s naively ov]:elm$ ) ignorance :5 he comes to deal ) h&icraft7 especially on ! l>ge sail ( ! boat4 ,9 ,v5ice1 ! ,mascoli *apel 0 ornam5t$ by sc5es f ! life ( ! ,virg91 9 #adcj4 ,! arti/ 0 ,mi*ele ,zambono1 :o design$ & sup]9t5d$ ! "w himself4 ,at ,or ,san ,mi*ele 9 ,flor5ce1 ! pa9t] ,peselli1 or ,guliano ,arrigo1 decorat$ ! tab]nacle1 9 #adaf4 ,among o!r arti/s :o ent]$ ! field ( mosaic1 7 ,baldov9etti & ,dom5ico ,ghirl&ajo1 ! pa9t] :o orig9at$ ! motto3 ,! only pa9t+ = et]nity is mosaic4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! art ( mosaic ceas$ to obs]ve due limitations4 ,! ideal 0 to reproduce exactly 9 mosaic su* pictures z 7 prep>$ by ,titian1 ,pord5one1 ,raphael1 & o!r reali/ic pa9t]s4 ,georges ,s&1 9 h] *>m+ novel1 ,les ,maitres ,mosai/es1 gives "o ! atmosph]e ( ! work%ops 9 ,v5ice 9 ?is lat] p]iod4 ,t9toretto & ,zuccato1 ! ag$ pa9t]1 are discuss+ ! durability ( mosaic3--,s9ce x resi/s s well1 says ,zuccato1 h[ comes x t ! ,seignory is repair+ all ! domes ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 :i* to-day are z b>e z my skull8 ,to :i* ,t9toretto makes answ]3 ,because at ! "t :5 !y 7 decorat$ ) mosaics1 ,greek arti/s 7 sc>ce 9 ,v5ice4 ,!y came f a di/ance1 & rema9$ b a %ort "t3 _! appr5tices 7 ha/ily tra9$1 & execut$ ! works entru/$ to !m )\t kn[+ _! bus9ess1 & )\t be+ able to give !m ! necess>y solidity4 ,n[ t ?is art has be5 cultivat$ 9 ,v5ice1 c5tury aft] c5tury1 we h become z skilful z ev5 ! ,greeks 74 ,! two sons ( ,zuccato1 :o are engag$ 9 ?is "w1 confide to ea* o!r _! trials & difficulties 9 ! und]tak+3 l arti/s ( all ages1 !y _c easily conv9ce _! patrons t !y compreh5d _! art bett] ?an _! employ]s6 ,francesco compla9s ( ! ,procurator1 :o is commission$ to exam9e ! "w3 ,he is n an arti/4 ,he sees 9 mosaic only an application ( p>ticles m or less brilliant4 ,p]fection ( tone1 beauty ( design1 +5uity ( composition1 are no?+ to him4444 ,did ,i n try 9 va9 ! o!r day to make him und]/& t ! old pieces ( gild$ cry/al us$ by our ance/ors & a little t>ni%$ by "t1 7 m fav\rable to col\r ?an ^? manufactur$ to-day8 ,inde$1 y make a mi/ake1 ,mess] ,francesco1 said he1 9 h&+ ov] to ! ,bian*9i all ! gold ( mod]n manufacture4 ,! ,commission]s h decid$ t ! old w d mix$ ) ! new4444 ,b did ,i n 9 va9 try to make him und]/& t ?is brilliant gold w\ld hurt ! faces1 & completely ru9 ! effect ( col\r8444 ,! answ] ( ! ,procurator 01 ,! ,bian*9i d n scruple to use x1 & _! mosaics please ! eye mu* bett] ?an y\rs1 s 8 bro!r ,val]io1 laugh+1 asks1 ,:at ne$ ( worry+ y\rself aft] su* a decision z t8 ,suppress ! %ad[s1 cut a bread? ( mat]ial f a great plate ( enamel & lay x ov] ! brea/ ( ,/4 ,nicaise1 r5d] ,/4 ,cecilia's beautiful hair ) a badly cut tile1 a pretty lamb = ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 & ! ,commission w d\ble y\r sal>y & ! public clap its h&s4 ,really1 my bro!r1 y :o dream ( glory1 ,i d n und]/& h[ y c pl$ge y\rself to ! wor%ip ( art4 ,i dream ( glory1 x is true1 repli$ ,francesco1 b ( a glory t is la/+1 n ! va9 popul>ity ( a day4 ,i %\ld l to leave an hon\r$ "n1 if n an illu/ri\s "o1 & make ^? :o exam9e ! cupolas ( ,/4 ,m>k's five hundr$ ye>s h5ce say1 ',?is 0 ! "w ( a consci5ti\s arti/4' ,a description foll[s ( ! sc5e ( ! mosaic work]s pursu+ _! call+4 ,"h 0 he>d abusive language1 !re ! joy\s song2 fur!r on1 ! je/2 above1 ! hamm]3 bel[1 ! tr[el3 n[ ! dull & cont9u\s ?ud ( ! tampon on ! mosaics1 & anon ! cle> & cry/al l click+ ( ! glassw>e roll+ f ! baskets on to ! pavem5t1 9 waves ( rubies & em]alds4 ,!n ! fe>ful grat+ ( ! scrap] on ! cornice1 & f9ally ! %>p rasp+ cry ( ! saw 9 ! m>ble1 to say no?+ ( ! l[ masses said at ! end ( ! *apel 9 spite ( ! racket4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mosaic ,,9 ,,bas-,,relief1 ,,naples ,! ,zuccati 7 v indep5d5t skill$ workm51 z well z be+ able to design _! own subjects4 ,!y 71 9 ! judgm5t ( ,georges ,s&1 sup]ior to ano!r ( ! ma/]s 9 *>ge ( ! works1 ,bozza1 :o 0 less ( a man1 al?\gh an arti/ ( "s m]it4 ,lat] ?an ^! m51 !re 7 few mosaic work]s ( high /&+2 9 ,flor5ce ! art deg5]at$ into a m]e decorative inlay ( semi-preci\s mat]ial1 h]aldic 9 feel+1 co/ly & decorative1 b an entirely diff]5t art f t ( ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,lapis-lazuli ) gold ve9+s1 mala*ite1 coral1 alaba/]1 & r>e m>bles sup]s$$ ! smalts & gold ( an eld] day4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,illum9ation ,,( ,,books ,"o _c ent] a book %op or a libr>y to-day )\t realiz+ h[ _m ?\s&s ( books are 9 con/ant circulation4 ,!re 0 an age :5 books 7 labori\sly b mo/ beautifully writt51 in/ead ( be+ ?us quickly manufactur$ by ! aid ( ! type-sett+ ma*9e2 ! mat]ial on :i* ! glossy text 0 execut$ 0 vellum in/ead ( ! *eap pap] ( to-day1 ! illu/rations1 in/ead ( be+ easily reproduc$ by photographic processes1 7 v]itable m9iature pa9t+s1 mo/ decorative1 ablaze ) col\r & f9e gold1--9 ^! times x is easy to =get t !re 0 ev] a p]iod :5 ! mak+ ( a s+le book occupi$ ye>s1 & sometimes ! life-"t ( "o or two m54 ,9 ^? days1 :5 ! transcription ( books 0 "o ( ! *ief occupations 9 religi\s h\ses1 ! recluse monk1 9 ! quiet ( ! scriptorium1 01 9 spite ( 8 seclusion1 & inde$1 by reason ( x1 ! *ief l9k betwe5 ! _w ( lett]s & ! _w ( m54 ,! e>lie/ kn[n example ( "w by a ,european monk dates f ! ye> #eag2 b %ortly aft] ?is !re 0 a great increase 9 book mak+1 & mona/]ies 7 f\nd$ especially = ! purpose ( p]petuat+ lit]ature4 ,! fir/ e/abli%m5t ( ?is sort 0 ! mona/]y ( ,viv>ia1 9 ,s\!rn ,italy1 f\nd$ by ,cassiodorus1 a ,greek :o liv$ betwe5 ! ye>s #dgi & #ege1 & :o _h be5 ! scribe 7or private secret>y7 ( ,!odoric ! ,go?4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ,/4 ,columba 9 ,irel& f\nd$ a h\se ) ! int5tion ( multiply+ books1 s t 9 ! six? c5tury1 9 bo? ! extreme ,nor? & 9 ! ,s\?1 ! religi\s ord]s _h comm5c$ ! great "w ( pres]v+ = future ages ! lit]ature ( ! pa/ & ( _! own times4 ,be=e exam9+ ! books !mselves1 x w be int]e/+ to obs]ve ! conditions "u :i* ! "w 0 accompli%$4 ,sometimes ! scriptorium 0 a l>ge hall or /udio1 ) v>i\s desks ab\t2 sometimes ! ,nor? walk ( ! cloi/] 0 divid$ into little cells1 call$ c>rels1 9 ea* ( :i* 0 room = ! writ]1 8 desk1 & a little %elf = 8 inks & col\rs4 ,^! c>rels may be se5 9 unusual p]fection 9 ,gl\ce/]4 ,9 v cold wea!r a small brazi] ( *>coal 0 also introduc$4 ,cassiodorus writes ?us ( ! privilege ( be+ a copyi/ ( holy books4 ,he may fill 8 m9d ) ! ,scriptures :ile copy+ ! say+s ( ! ,"l2 ) 8 f+]s he gives life to m5 & arms aga9/ ! wiles ( ! ,devil2 z ! antiqu>ius copies ! ^w ( ,*ri/1 s _m w\nds does he inflict ^u ,satan4 ,:at he writes 9 8 cell w be c>ri$ f> & wide ov] di/ant prov9ces4 ,man multiplies ! ^w ( ,heav53 if ,i may d>e s to speak1 ! ?ree f+]s ( 8 "r h& are made to repres5t ! utt]ances ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,! fa/ travell+ re$ writes d[n ! holy words1 ?us av5g+ ! malice ( ! wick$ "o1 :o caus$ a re$ to be us$ to smite ! head ( ! ,savi\r4 ,:5 ! scriptorium 0 consecrat$1 ^! words 7 us$ 7& !y w\ld be mo/ fitt+ words to-day1 9 ! consecration ( libr>ies or class rooms :i* are to be devot$ to religi\s /udy73 ,v\*safe1 ,o1 ,"l1 to bless ?is workroom ( ?y s]vants1 t all :i* !y write !re9 may be compreh5d$ by _! intellig5ce1 & realiz$ by _! "w4 ,scriptorium "w 0 consid]$ equal to lab\r 9 ! fields4 ,9 ! ,rule ( ,/4 ,f]eol1 9 ! six? c5tury1 !re is ?is clause3 ,he :o do? n turn up ! e>? ) 8 pl\gh1 ought to write ! p>*m5t ) 8 f+]s4 ,! ,capitul>y ( ,*>lemagne conta9s ?is phrase3 ,d n p]mit y\r scribes or pupils1 ei!r 9 read+ or writ+1 to g>ble ! text2 :5 y are prep>+ copies ( ! ,gospels1 ! ,psalt]1 or ! ,missal1 see t ! "w is confid$ to m5 ( mature age1 :o w write ) due c>e4 ,"s ( ! scribes 7 prolific book transcrib]s4 ,jacob ( ,breslau1 :o di$ 9 #adhj1 copi$ s _m books t x is said t six horses c\ld ) difficulty be> ! burd5 ( !m6 ,! "w ( ea* scriptorium 0 devot$ fir/ to ! completion ( ! libr>y ( ! individual mona/]y1 & aft] t1 to o!r h\ses1 or to su* patrons z 7 ri* en\gh to ord] books to be transcrib$ = _! own use4 ,! libr>y ( a mona/]y 0 z mu* a feature z ! scriptorium4 ,! monks 7 n l ! ris+ lit]>y man1 :o1 :5 ask$ if he _h read ,p5d5nis repli$1 ,no--,i nev] read books--,i write !m4 ,e scribe 0 also a read]4 ,!re 0 a regul> sy/em ( l5d+ books f ! c5tral /ore4 ,a libr>ian 0 9 *>ge1 & e monk 0 suppos$ to h "s book :i* he 0 engag$ 9 read+ /raight ?r\gh z ! ,rule ( ,/4 ,b5$ict enjo9s1 j z mu* z ! "o :i* he 0 writ+4 ,z sil5ce 0 obligatory 9 ! scriptorium & libr>y1 z well z 9 ! cloi/]s1 !y 7 =c$ to apply = ! volumes :i* !y desir$ by signs4 ,= a g5]al "w1 ! sign 0 to ext5d ! h& & make a movem5t z if turn+ ov] ! leaves ( a book4 ,if a ,missal 0 want$1 ! sign ( ! cross 0 add$ to ! same =m2 = a ,gospel1 ! sign ( ! cross 0 made ^u ! =ehead1 :ile ^? :o wi%$ tracts to read1 %\ld lay "o h& on ! m\? & ! o!r on ! /oma*2 a ,capitul>y 0 indicat$ by ! ge/ure ( rais+ ! clasp$ h&s to heav51 :ile a ,psalt] c\ld be obta9$ by rais+ ! h&s above ! head 9 ! =m ( a cr[n4 ,z ! good bro!rs 7 n possess$ ( mu* religi\s *>ity1 !y indicat$ a secul> book by scrat*+ _! e>s1 z dogs are suppos$ to d1 to imply ! sugge/ion t ! infidel :o wrote su* a book 0 no bett] ?an a dog6 ,?is extract is made f a book 9 "o ( ! e>ly mona/ic libr>ies4 ,oh1 ,"l1 s5d ! bless+ ( ?y ,holy ,_s ^u ^! books1 t1 cleans+ !m f all e>?ly ?+s1 !y may m]cifully enlight5 our he>ts1 & give u true und]/&+1 & grant t by _! tea*+ !y may brightly pres]ve & make a full abundance ( good works accord+ to ,?y w4 ,! books 7 kept 9 cupbo>ds1 ) doors2 9 ! ,cu/oms ( ! ,augu/9e ,priory ( ,b>nwell1 ^! directions are giv53 ,! press 9 :i* ! books are kept ought to be l9$ ) wood1 t ! damp ( ! walls may n moi/5 or /a9 ! books4 ,! press %\ld be divid$ v]tically z well z horizontally1 by sundry p>titions1 on :i* ! books may be rang$ s z to be sep>at$ f "o ano!r1 = fe> !y be pack$ s close z to injure "o ano!r1 or to delay ^? :o want !m4 ,we read ( ! *a9$ books ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & ,i ?9k !re is a popul> belief t ?is ref]r$ to ! fact t ! ,bible 0 kept 9 ! prie/'s h&s1 & *a9$ s t ! p %\ld n be able to read x = !mselves & become famili> ) e "p ( x4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a mi/ake4 ,x 0 ! books 9 ! libr>ies :i* 7 *a9$1 s t di%one/ p %\ld n make way ) !m6 ,9 "o ,*apt] ,libr>y1 !re occurs a d5unciation ( su* ?ieves1 & in/ructions h[ to fa/5 ! volumes4 ,x reads z foll[s3 ,s9ce to ! great reproa* ( ! ,nation1 & a great] "o to our ,holy ,religion1 ! ?ievi% disposition ( "s :o ent] libr>ies to le>n no good !re1 ha? made x necess>y to secure ! sacr$ volumes !mselves ) *a9s 7:i* are bett] des]v$ by ^? ill p]sons1 :o h too mu* le>n+ to be hang$1 & too little to be hone/71 c>e %all be tak5 t ! *a9s %\ld nei!r be too long nor too clumsy1 m ?an ! use ( !m requires3 & t ! loops :]eby !y are fa/5$ to ! books may be rivett$ on su* a "p ( ! cov]1 & s smoo?ly1 z n to gall or graze ! books1 :ile !y are mov$ to or f _! respective places4 ,& =asmu* z ! m conv5i5t way to place books 9 libr>ies is to turn _! backs out %[+ ! title & o!r dec5t ornam5ts 9 gilt "w :i* ought n to be hidd51 ?is new me?od ( fix+ ! *a9 to ! back ( ! book is recomm5d$ until "o m suitable %all be contriv$4 ,num]\s mona/]ies 9 ,engl& devot$ mu* "t to scriptorium "w4 ,9 ,gl\ce/] may /ill be se5 ! c>rels ( ! scribes 9 ! cloi/] wall1 & !re 0 also mu* activity 9 ! book mak+ art 9 ,norwi*1 ,gla/onbury1 & ,w9*e/]1 & 9 o!r cities4 ,! two mona/]ies ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,s)9 9 ,w9*e/] 71 ! *ronicl] says1 s close pack$ toge!r1444 t betwe5 ! f\ndation ( _! respective build+s !re 0 b>ely room = a man to pass along4 ,! *oral s]vice ( "o mona/]y conflict$ ) t ( ! o!r1 s t bo? 7 spoil$1 & ! r++ ( _! bells toge!r produc$ a horrid effect4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important mona/]ies ( e>ly times1 on ! ,cont95t1 0 t conduct$ by ,alcu91 "u ! protection ( ,*>lemagne4 ,:5 ! appo9t$ "t = writ+ came r\nd1 ! monks fil$ into ! scriptorium1 tak+ _! places at _! desks4 ,"o ( _! numb] !n /ood 9 ! mid/1 & read al\d1 sl[ly1 = dictation1 ! "w ^u :i* !y 7 engag$ z copyi/s2 9 ?is way1 a score ( copies c\ld be made at "o "t4 ,alcu9 himself w\ld pass ab\t among !m1 mak+ sugge/ions & correct+ errors1 a beautiful example ( true consecration1 ! great s*ol> sp5d+ 8 "t ?us 9 sup]vis+ ! transcription ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 f a desire to h x spread f> & wide4 ,alcu9 s5t a lett] to ,*>lemagne1 accompany+ a pres5t ( a copy ( ! ,bible1 at ! "t ( ! emp]or's coronation1 & f ?is lett]1 :i* is /ill pres]v$1 x may be se5 h[ rev]5t a _s 8 01 & h[ he e/eem$ ! ?+s ( ! spiritual life z great] ?an ! ri*es ( ! _w4 ,aft] delib]at+ a long :ile1 he writes1 :at ! devotion ( my m9d might f9d wor?y ( a pres5t equal to ! spl5d\r ( y\r ,imp]ial dignity1 & ! increase ( y\r weal?1--at l5g? by ! inspiration ( ! ,holy ,_s1 ,i f\nd :at x w\ld be compet5t = me to (f]1 & fitt+ = y\r prud5ce to accept4 ,= to me inquir+ & consid]+1 no?+ appe>$ m wor?y ( y\r peaceful hon\r ?an ! gifts ( ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures444 :i*1 knit toge!r 9 ! sanctity ( "o glori\s body1 & dilig5tly am5d$1 ,i h s5t to y\r royal au?ority1 by ?is y\r fai?ful son & s]vant1 s t ) full h&s we may assi/ at ! delightful s]vice ( y\r dignity4 ,"o ( ,alcu9's mottoes 03 ,writ+ books is bett] ?an plant+ v9es3 = he :o plants a v9e s]ves 8 belly1 :ile he :o writes books s]ves 8 s\l4 ,_m diff]5t arts 7 repres5t$ 9 ! mak+ ( a m$iaeval book4 ,( ^? employ$1 fir/ came ! scribe1 ^: duty x 0 to =m ! black ev5 glossy lett]s ) 8 p52 !n came ! pa9t]1 :o mu/ n only be a correct draughtsman1 & an adept ) p5cil & bru%1 b mu/ also und]/& h[ to prep>e mordaunts & to lay ! gold leaf1 & to burni% x aft]w>ds ) an agate1 or1 z an old writ] directs1 a dogge's too? set 9 a /ick4 ,aft] him1 ! b9d] ga!r$ ! lu/r\s pages & put !m toge!r "u silv] m\nt$ cov]s1 ) heavy clasps4 ,at fir/1 ! illum9ations 7 conf9$ only to ! capital lett]s1 & r$ 0 ! select$ col\r to give ?is additional life to ! ev5ly writt5 page4 ,! r$ pigm5t 0 kn[n z m9ium4 ,! arti/ :o appli$ ?is 0 call$ a m9iator1 & f ?is1 0 d]iv$ ! t]m m9iature1 :i* lat] ref]r$ to ! pictures execut$ 9 ! develop$ /ages ( ! art4 ,! use ( ! ^w m9iature1 z appli$ to pa9t+s on a small scale1 0 evolv$ f ?is expression4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,scribe ,,at ,,"w3 #ab,,? ,,c5tury ,,manuscript ,! difficulties 7 num]\s4 ,fir/1 !re 0 climate & temp]ature to consid]4 ,x 0 necess>y to be v c>eful ab\t ! temp]ature to :i* gold leaf 0 expos$1 & 9 ord] to dry ! siz+ prop]ly1 x 0 important t ! wea!r %\ld n be too damp nor too w>m4 ,pet] de ,/4 ,audem>1 writ+ 9 ! late ?irte5? c5tury1 says3 ,take notice t y ought n to "w ) gold or col\rs 9 a damp place1 on acc\nt ( ! hot wea!r1 :i*1 z x is (t5 injuri\s 9 burni%+ gold1 bo? to ! col\rs on :i* ! gold is laid & also to ! gild+1 if ! "w is done on p>*m5t1 s also x is injuri\s :5 ! wea!r is too dry & arid4 ,john ,a*]ius1 9 #acii1 obs]ves1 too1 t c>e mu/ be tak5 z reg>ds ! situation1 because w9dy wea!r is a h9drance1 unless ! gild] is 9 an enclos$ place1 & if ! air is too dry1 ! col\r _c hold ! gold "u ! burni%]4 ,illum9ation is an art :i* has always be5 difficult2 we :o attempt x to-day are n simply fac+ a lo/ art :i* has become impossible because ( ! *ang$ conditions2 ev5 :5 foll[$ along ! be/ l9e 9 ! be/ way ! same trials 7 enc\nt]$4 ,e>ly treatises v>y reg>d+ ! be/ m$ium = lay+ leaf on p>*m5t4 ,!re are v few vehicles :i* w =m a connect+ & p]man5t l9k betwe5 ^! two sub/ances4 ,!re is a g5]al impression t :ite ( egg 0 us$ to hold ! gold3 b any "o :o has exp]im5t$ kn[s t x is impossible to fa/5 metal to vellum by :ite ( egg alone4 ,bo? oil & wax 7 (t5 employ$1 & 9 ne>ly all recipes ! use ( glue made ( boil$-d[n vellum is enjo9$4 ,9 "s ( ! mona/]ies !re are records t ! scribes _h ! use ( ! kit*5 = dry+ p>*m5t & melt+ wax4 ,! introductions to ! e>ly treatises %[ ! _s 9 :i* ! "w 0 und]tak54 ,pet] de ,/4 ,audem> comm5ces3 ,by ! assi/ance ( ,god1 ( :om are all ?+s t are good1 ,i w expla9 to y h[ to make col\rs = pa9t]s & illum9ators ( books1 & ! vehicles = !m1 & o!r ?+s app]ta9+ !reto1 z fai?fully z ,i c 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s4 ,pet] 0 a ,nor? ,fr5*man ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,( ! recipes giv5 by ! e>ly treatises1 ,i w quote a few1 = 9 reality !y are all ! lit]ature we h ^u ! subject4 ,eraclius1 :o wrote 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 gives accurate directions3 ,take o*re & di/emp] x ) wat]1 & let x dry4 ,9 ! mean:ile make glue ) vellum1 & :ip "s :ite ( egg4 ,!n mix ! glue & ! :ite ( egg1 & gr9d ! o*re1 :i* by ?is "t is well dri$1 ^u a m>ble slab2 & lay x on ! p>*m5t ) a pa9t bru%2444 !n apply ! gold1 & let x rema9 s1 )\t press+ x ) ! /one4 ,:5 x is dry1 burni% x well ) a too?4 ,?is1 cont9ues ,eraclius naively1 is :at ,i h le>n$ by exp]im5t1 & h frequ5tly prov$1 & y may safely believe me t ,i %all h told y ! tru?4 ,?is assurance ( good fai? sugge/s t possibly x 0 a habit ( illum9ators to be *>y ( in=mation1 gu>d+ _! own discov]ies c>efully1 & only giv+ out p>tial directions to o!rs ( _! craft4 ,9 ! ,bolognese ,manuscript1 "o is direct$ to make a simple size f inc5se1 :ite gum1 & sug> c&y1 di/emp]+ x ) w9e2 & 9 ano!r place1 to use ! :ite ( egg1 :ipp$ ) ! milk ( ! fig tree & p[d]$ gum ,arabic4 ,arm5ian ,bole is a fav\rite +r$i5t4 ,gum & rose wat] are also prescrib$1 & aga91 gesso1 :ite ( egg1 & honey4 ,all ( ^! recipes s\nd conv9c+1 b if "o tries !m to-day1 "o has ! d\btful pleasure ( see+ ! c>efully laid gold leaf slide (f z soon z ! :ole mixture is q dry4 ,especially improbable is ! recipe giv5 9 ! ,brussels ,manuscript3 ,y lay on gold ) well gumm$ wat] alone1 & ?is is v good = gild+ on p>*m5t4 ,y may also use fre% :ite ( egg or fig juice alone 9 ! same mann]4 ,!ophilus does n devote mu* "t or space to ! art ( illum9at+1 =1 z he is a build] ( ev]y?+ f *ur* organs to *alices1 glass w9d[s1 & ev5 to fresco$ walls1 we mu/ n expect too mu* in=mation on m9or details4 ,he does n seem to direct ! use ( gold leaf at all1 b ( f9ely gr\nd gold1 :i* %all be appli$ ) its size 9 ! =m ( a pa/e1 to be burni%$ lat]4 ,he says 7aft] direct+ t ! gold du/ %all be plac$ 9 a %ell73 ,take pure m9ium & add to x a ?ird "p ( c9nib>1 gr9d+ x ^u a /one ) wat]4 ,:i*1 be+ c>efully gr\nd1 beat up ! cle> :ite ( an egg1 9 summ] ) wat]1 9 w9t] )\t wat]1 & ?is is to be us$ z a slightly rais$ b$ = ! gold4 ,!n1 he cont9ues1 place a little pot ( glue on ! fire1 & :5 x is liquefi$1 p\r x into ! %ell ( gold & wa% x ) x4 ,?is is to be pa9t$ on to ! gesso gr\nd j m5tion$1 & :5 q dry1 burni%$ ) an agate4 ,?is recipe is m l ! mod]n ,flor5t9e me?od ( gild+ 9 illum9ation4 ,conc]n+ ! gold itself1 !re seem to h be5 v>i\s means employ$ = manufactur+ sub/itutes = ! g5u9e article4 ,a curi\s recipe is giv5 9 ! manuscript ( ,jehan de ,begue1 ,take bulls' bra9s1 put !m 9 a m>ble vase1 & leave !m = ?ree weeks1 :5 y w f9d gold mak+ worms4 ,pres]ve !m c>efully4 ,m qua9t & sup]/iti\s is ,!ophilus' recipe = mak+ ,spani% ,gold2 b1 z ?is is n quotable 9 polite pages1 ! read] mu/ ref] to ! orig9al treatise if he c>es to trace its manufacture4 ,bru%es made ( hair are recomm5d$ by ! ,brussels manuscript1 ) a plea = p5cils ( fi%es' hairs = s(t5+4 ,if ?is does n ref] to sealsk91 x is food = conjecture6 ,& = ! b9d+ ( ^! beautiful volumes1 h[ 0 ! lea!r obta9$8 ,?is is "o way 9 :i* bus9ess & sport c\ld be comb9$ 9 ! mona/]y1 ,w>ton says1 ,ab\t ! ye> #gij1 ,*>lemagne grant$ an unlimit$ "r ( hunt+ to ! ,abbot & monks ( ,si?iu1 = mak+444 ( ! sk9s ( ! de] !y kill$444 cov]s = _! books4 ,!re is no d\bt t x _h occurr$ to arti/s to exp]im5t ^u human sk91 & p]haps ! fact t ?is 0 an unsatisfactory texture is ! *ief reason :y no books 7 made ( x4 ,a ,fr5* comm5tator obs]ves3 ,! sk9 ( a man is no?+ comp>$ ) ! sk9 ( a %eep4444 ,%eep is good = writ+ on bo? sides1 b ! sk9 ( a dead man is j ab\t z pr(itable z 8 bones1--bett] bury him1 sk9 & bones toge!r4 ,!re 0 "s difficulty 9 obta9+ manuscripts to copy4 ,! ,brevi>y 0 usually enclos$ 9 a cage2 ri* p>i%ion]s 7 brib$ by _m masses & pray]s1 to bequea? manuscripts to *ur*es4 ,9 old ,p>is1 ! ,p>*m5t ,mak]s 7 a guild ( mu* importance4 ,(t5 !y comb9$ _! trade ) tav]n keep+1 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,! ,rector ( ! ,univ]sity 0 glad :5 ?is occurr$1 = ! inn keep] & p>*m5t mak] 0 "u 8 control1 bo? be+ oblig$ to reside 9 ! ,pays ,lat94 ,bi%ops 7 kn[n to exhort ! p>*m5t mak]s1 f ! pulpit1 to be hone/ & consci5ti\s 9 prep>+ sk9s4 ,a booksell]1 too1 0 solemnly made to swe> fai?fully to receive1 take c>e (1 & expose = sale ! works :i* %\ld be entru/$ to him4 ,he might n buy !m = himself until !y _h be5 = sale a full mon? at ! disposition ( ! ,ma/]s & ,s*ol>s4 ,b 9 return = ^! re/rictions1 ! booksell] 0 admitt$ to ! rights & privileges ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,z cli5ts ( ! ,univ]sity1 ^! trades1 :i* 7 associat$ ) book mak+1 jo9$ 9 ! solemn processions ( ^? times2 booksell]s1 b9d]s1 p>*m5t mak]s1 & illum9ators1 all m>*$ toge!r on ^! occasions4 ,!y 7 oblig$ to pay toll to ! ,rector = ^! privileges2 ! recipe = ink 0 a c>efully gu>d$ secret4 ,x n[ becomes our "p to /udy ! books !mselves1 & see :at results 7 obta9$ by apply+ all ! arts involv$ 9 _! mak+4 ,! transition f ! ,roman illum9ations to ! ,byzant9e may be trac$ to ! "t :5 ,con/ant9e mov$ 8 seat ( gov]nm5t f ,rome to ,con/ant9ople4 ,con/ant9ople !n became ! c5tre ( le>n+1 & books 7 writt5 !re 9 great numb]s4 ,= "s c5turies ,con/ant9ople 0 ! *ief city 9 ! art ( illum9at+4 ,! /yle t "h grew up exhibit$ ! same features t *>act]iz$ ,byzant9e art 9 mosaic & decoration4 ,! ,ori5tal influ5ce display$ itself 9 a lavi% use ( gold & col\r2 ! remnant ( ,classical art 0 slight1 b may sometimes be detect$ 9 ! subjects *os51 & ! ideas embodi$4 ,! ,greek influ5ce 0 ! /ronge/4 ,b ! ,greek art ( ! sev5? & eigh? c5turies 0 n at all l ! ,classic art ( e>li] ,greece2 a conv5tional type _h ent]$ ) ,*ri/ianity1 & is *iefly recogniz$ by a /ubborn con=mity to prec$5t4 ,x is difficult to date a ,byzant9e picture or manuscript1 = ! same sev]e h>d =m t prevail$ 9 ! days ( ,con/ant9e is c>ri$ on to-day by ! monks ( ,mt4 ,a?os1 & a ,byzant9e "w ( ! n9? c5tury is n easily di/+ui%$ f "o ( ! fifte5?4 ,9 manuscripts1 ! caligraphy is (t5 ! only feature by :i* ! "w c be dat$4 ,9 ! e>li] ,byzant9e manuscripts !re is a l>g] proportion ( ,classical influ5ce ?an 9 lat] ones1 :5 ! art _h tak5 on its inflexible uni=mity ( design4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ books 9 :i* ?is classical influ5ce may be se5 is 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na1 be+ a "w on ,botany1 by ,dioscorides1 writt5 ab\t #djj ,a4 ,d4 ,! m9iatures 9 ?is manuscript h _m ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,roman "w4 ,! pigm5ts us$ 9 ,byzant9e manuscripts are glossy1 a great deal ( ultram>9e be+ us$4 ,! high lights are usually ( gold1 appli$ 9 %>p glitt]+ l9es1 & light+ up ! picture ) v decorative effect4 ,9 l>ge wall mosaics ! same *>act]i/ics may be not$1 & x is (t5 sugge/$ t ^! gold l9es may h orig9at$ 9 an attempt to imitate cloisonne enamel1 9 :i* ! f9e gold l9e sep>ates ! diff]5t col\r$ spaces "o f ano!r4 ,?is !ory is q plausible1 z cloisonne 0 made by ! ,byzant9e goldsmi?s4 ,m4 ,lecoy de la ,m>*e tells u t ! fir/ record$ "n ( an illum9ator is t ( a woman--,lala de ,cizique1 a ,greek1 :o pa9t$ on ivory & on p>*m5t 9 ,rome dur+ ! fir/ ,*ri/ian c5tury4 ,b su* a long p]iod elapses betwe5 h] "t & t :i* we are ab\t to /udy1 t %e c "h occupy only ! position ( be+ ref]r$ to z an int]e/+ isolat$ case4 ,! ,byzant9e is a v easy /yle to recognize1 because ( ! inflexible /iffness ( ! figures1 dep5d+ = any beauty l>gely ^u ! use ( burni%$ gold1 & ! symmetrical folds ( ! drap]ies1 :i* (t5 %[ a sort ( ar*aic grace4 ,byzant9e art is n s mu* repres5tation z sugge/ion & symbolism4 ,!re is a book :i* may /ill be consult$1 call$ ,a ,byzant9e ,guide to ,pa9t+1 :i* conta9s accurate recipes to be foll[$ 9 pa9t+ pictures ( ea* sa9t1 ! col\rs prescrib$ = ! dress ( ! ,virg91 & ! gr\p+ to be adopt$ 9 repres5t+ ea* ( ! /&>d ,scriptural sc5es2 & x has h>dly f ! fir/ occurr$ to any ,byzant9e arti/ to dep>t f ^! regulations4 ,! heads & faces lack individuality1 & are outl9$ & emphasiz$ ) h>d1 unsympa!tic black l9es2 ! col\r+ is sall[ & ! expression /olid4 ,any attempt at del9eat+ emotion is grotesque1 & grimac+4 ,! beauty1 = 9 spite ( all ^! drawbacks !re is great beauty1 9 ,byzant9e manuscripts1 is1 z has be5 indicat$1 a *>m ( col\r & gleam+ gold r ?an ( design4 ,9 ! ,bo/on ,art ,museum !re is a f9e example ( a l>ge s+le m9iature ( a ,byzant9e ,flight into ,egypt1 9 :i* ! gold backgr\nd is ( ! highe/ p]fection ( surface1 & is rais$ s z to appe> l a plate ( beat5 gold4 ,!re is no attempt to portray a sc5e z x might h occurr$2 ! rule giv5 9 ! ,manual is foll[$1 & ! result is g5]ally ab\t ! same4 ,! backgr\nd is usually ei!r gold or blue1 ) v little ef=t at l&scape4 ,trees are repres5t$ 9 flat values ( gre5 ) little :ite ruffl$ edges & articulations4 ,! sea is figur$ by a blue surface ) a symmetrical :ite patt]n ( a wavy nature4 ,a build+ is usually introduc$ ab\t half z l>ge z ! p surr\nd+ x4 ,!re is no attempt1 ei!r1 at p]spective4 ,! anatomy ( ! human =m 0 n und]/ood at all4 ,ne>ly all ! figures 9 ! art ( ?is p]iod are drap$4 ,:]ev] x is necess>y to repres5t ! nude1 a lank1 disproportion$ p]son ) an indef9ite numb] ( ribs is ! result1 prov+ t ! mona/ic art s*ool did n include a life class4 ,mo/ ( ! be/ ,byzant9e examples date f ! fif? to ! sev5? c5turies4 ,aft] t a decad5ce set 91 & by ! elev5? c5tury ! art _h det]iorat$ to a m]e me*anical process4 ,! ,iri% & ,anglo-,saxon "w are *iefly *>act]iz$ 9 _! e>ly /ages by ! use ( int]lac$ b&s z a decorative motive4 ,! ,celtic goldsmi?s 7 fam\s = _! delicate "w 9 filigree1 made ( ?reads ( gold us$ 9 connection ) enamell$ gr\nds4 ,9 decorat+ _! manuscripts1 ! arti/s 7 p]haps unconsci\sly influ5c$ by ?is1 & ! result is a m>vell\s use ( conv5tional =m & vivid col\rs1 :ile ! human figure is h>dly attempt$ at all1 or1 :5 introduc$1 is s conv5tionally treat$1 z to be only a sign in/ead ( a repres5tation4 ,probably ! e>lie/ repres5tation ( a p5 9 ! hold]1 al?\gh ( a v primitive patt]n1 occurs 9 a m9iature 9 ! ,gospels ( ,mac ,durnam1 :]e ,/4 ,john is se5 writ+ ) a p5 9 "o h& & a knife1 = %>p5+ x1 9 ! o!r4 ,?is picture is two c5turies e>li] ?an any o!r kn[n repres5tation ( ! use ( ! p51 ! volume hav+ be5 execut$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,two ( ! mo/ fam\s ,iri% books are ! ,book ( ,kells1 & ! ,durham ,book4 ,! ,book ( ,kells is n[ 9 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,x is also kn[n z ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,columba4 ,/4 ,columba came1 z ! ,*ronicle ( ,e!lw]d /ates1 9 ! ye> #efe3 five ye>s aft]w>ds ,*ri/'s s]vant ,columba came f ,scotia 7,irel&7 to ,brita91 to prea* ! ^w ( ,god to ! ,picts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,f ,,! ,,durham ,,book ,! intricacy ( ! int]lac+ decoration is s m9ute t x is impossible to describe x4 ,ea* l9e may be foll[$ to its conclusion1 ) ! aid ( a /rong magnify+ glass1 b _c be cle>ly trac$ ) ! nak$ eye4 ,we/wood reports t1 ) a microscope1 he c\nt$ 9 "o squ>e in* ( ! page1 "o hundr$ & fifty-eight int]lacem5ts ( b&s1 ea* be+ ( :ite1 bord]$ on ei!r side ) a black l9e4 ,9 ?is book !re is no use ( gold1 & ! treatm5t ( ! human =m is mo/ inadequate4 ,!re is no idea ( draw+ except = decorative purposes2 x is an art ( ! p5 r ?an ( ! bru%--x h>dly comes into ! same category z mo/ ( ! books designat$ z illum9at$ manuscripts4 ,! s-call$ ,durham ,book1 or ! ,gospels ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t1 0 execut$ at ! ,abbey ( ,l9disf>ne1 9 #fhh1 & is n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,!re is a leg5d t 9 ! n9? c5tury pirates plund]$ ! ,abbey1 & ! few monks :o surviv$ decid$ to seek a situation less unsafe ?an t on ! coa/1 s !y ga!r$ up _! treasures1 ! body ( ! sa9t1 _! patron1 ,cu?b]t1 & ! book1 :i* _h be5 buri$ ) him1 & set out = new l&s4 ,!y set sail = ,irel&1 b a /orm arose1 & _! boat 0 swamp$4 ,! body & ! book 7 lo/4 ,aft] rea*+ l&1 h[ev]1 ! fugitives discov]$ ! box conta9+ ! book1 ly+ high & dry ^u ! %ore1 hav+ be5 ca/ up by ! waves 9 a truly wond]ful /ate ( pres]vation4 ,any "o :o kn[s ! effect ( dampness ^u p>*m5t1 & h[ x cockles ! mat]ial ev5 on a damp day1 w ! m fully appreciate ?is miracle4 ,giraldus ,cambri5sis w5t to ,irel& z secret>y to ,pr9ce ,john1 9 #aahe1 & ?us describes ! ,gospels ( ,kild>e1 a book :i* 0 simil> to ! ,book ( ,kells1 & 8 description may apply equally to ei!r volume4 ,( all ! wond]s ( ,kild>e ,i h f\nd no?+ m wond]ful ?an ?is m>vell\s book1 writt5 9 ! "t ( ! ,virg9 ,/4 ,bridget1 &1 z !y say1 at ! dictation ( an angel4 ,"h y behold ! magic face div9ely drawn1 & !re ! my/ical =ms ( ! ,evangeli/s1 !re an eagle1 "h a calf1 s closely wr\ght toge!r1 t if y look c>elessly at !m1 !y w\ld seem r l a uni=m blot ?an l an exquisite int]weavem5t ( figures2 exhibit+ no p]fection ( skill or art1 :]e all is really skill & p]fection ( art4 ,b if y look closely at !m ) all ! acut5ess ( sight t y c comm&1 & exam9e ! inmo/ secrets ( ?is wondr\s art1 y w discov] su* delicate1 su* wond]ful & f9ely wr\ght l9es1 twi/$ & int]wov5 ) su* intricate knots & adorn$ ) su* fre% & brilliant col\rs1 t y w readily ackn[l$ge ! :ole to h be5 ! "w ( angelic r ?an human skill4 ,at fir/ gold 0 n us$ at all 9 ,iri% "w1 b ! manuscripts ( a slightly lat] date1 & especially ( ! ,anglo-,saxon s*ool1 %[ a sup]bly decorative use bo? ( gold & silv]4 ,! ,coronation ,oa? ,book ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ,k+s is especially ri* 9 ?is exquisite metallic h>mony4 ,by degrees1 also1 ! ,anglo-,saxons became m p]fect$ 9 ! portrayal ( ! human figure1 s t by ! twelf? c5tury ! "w ( ! ,s\!rn s*ools & ^? ( ,engl& 7 m alike ?an at any previ\s "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ivy ,,patt]n1 ,,f ,a #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,fr5* ,,manuscript ,9 ! ,nor!rn manuscripts ( ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies x is amus+ to note t ! bad *>act]s are always repres5t$ z hav+ l>ge hook$ noses1 :i* fact te/ifies to ! dislike ( ! ,nor!rn races = ! ,italians & ,s\!rn peoples4 ,! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies may be consid]$ to /& = ! ,gold5 ,age ( m9iature art 9 all ! c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,9 ,engl& & ,france especially ! illum9at$ books ( ! ?irte5? c5tury 7 m>vels ( delicate "w1 among :i* ! ,t5ison ,psalt] & ! ,psalt] ( ,que5 ,m>y1 bo? 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 are excell5t examples4 ,que5 ,m>y's ,psalt] 0 n really pa9t$ = ,que5 ,m>y2 x 0 execut$ two c5turies e>li]4 ,b x 0 be+ s5t abroad 9 #aeec1 & 0 seiz$ by ! ,cu/oms4 ,!y refus$ to all[ x to pass4 ,aft]w>ds x 0 pres5t$ to ,que5 ,m>y4 ,at ?is "t grew up a mo/ beautiful & decorative /yle1 kn[n z ivy patt]n1 consi/+ ( little graceful fl[]+ sprays1 ) t9y ivy leaves 9 gold & col\rs4 ,! ,go?ic feel+ prevails 9 ?is motive1 & ! foliate =ms are full ( sp9$ cusps4 ,! effect ( a book decorat$ 9 ! ivy patt]n1 is radiant & jewell$ z ! pages turn1 & ! burni%+ ( ! gold 0 br\ght to its full p]fection at ?is "t4 ,! value ( ! creamy surface ( ! vellum 0 recogniz$ z "p ( ! col\r s*eme4 ,) ! high poli% ( ! gold x 0 necess>y to use always ! /rong crude col\rs1 z ! dull] t9ts w\ld appe> fad$ by contra/4 ,9 ! lat] /ages ( ! art1 :5 a great] realism 0 attempt$1 & bett] draw+ _h made x necess>y to use quiet] tones1 gold pa9t 0 g5]ally adopt$ in/ead ( leaf1 z be+ less conspicu\s & m 9 h>mony ) ! g5]al s*eme2 & "o ( ! *ief glories ( book decoration di$ 9 ?is *ange4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m$iaeval ,,illum9ation ,! div]g5ces ( /yle 9 ! "w ( v>i\s c\ntries are well indicat$ by ,walt] de ,gray ,bir*1 :o says3 ,! ,engli% are fam\s = cle>ness & bread?2 ! ,fr5* = delicate f95ess & h>moni\sly assort$ col\rs1 ! ,flemi% = m9utely /ippl$ details1 & ! ,italian = ! gorge\s yet calm dignity app>5t 9 _! be/ manuscripts4 ,individuality ( facial expression1 al?\gh ^! faces are g5]ally ugly1 is a *>act]i/ic ( ,flemi% "w1 :ile ! faces 9 ,fr5* m9iatures are uni=m & pretty4 ,"o m>k$ feature 9 ! ,engli% ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5tury books1 is ! introduction ( _m small grotesques 9 ! bord]s1 & ^! little creatures1 p>tly animal & p>tly human1 %[ a ke5 s5se ( hum\r1 :i* _h to display itself1 ev5 ?\gh inappropriately1 b always ) a true _s ( wit4 ,"o might suppose on fir/ look+ at ^! grotesques1 t ! droll expression is un9t5tional3 t ! monks c\ld draw no bett]1 & t _! sket*es are funny only because ( _! inability to portray m exactly ! ?+ repres5t$4 ,b a clos] exam9ation w conv9ce "o t ! wit 0 delib]ate1 & t ! v subtlety & res]ve ( _! expression ( hum\r is an indication ( its dep?4 ,to-day an arti/ ) ! s5se ( c>icature expresses himself 9 ! illu/rat$ pap]s & o!r public *annels provid$ = ! ov]fl[ ( high spirits2 b ! cloi/]$ au?or ( ! ,middle ,ages _h only ! sculptur$ details & ! books belong+ to ! *ur* z vehicles = 8 satire4 ,! c>v+s on ! mis]]e seats 9 *oirs ( _m ca!drals 7 execut$ by ! monks1 & ab\nd 9 witty repres5tations ( su* subjects z ,reyn>d ! ,fox1 cats cat*+ rats1 etc42 inspir$ g5]ally by ! k ( "s ( ! inconsi/5cies 9 ! lives ( ecclesia/ical p]sonages4 ,! quiet monks (t5 became cynical4 ,! _s ( ! times det]m9es ! /&>d ( wit4 ,at v>i\s p]iods 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 m5 h be5 amus$ by /range & diff]+ =ms ( droll]y2 :at seem$ excruciat+ly funny to our gr&p>5ts does n /rike u z be+ at all ent]ta9+4 ,ea* g5]ation has its own idea ( hum\r1 & its own fun-mak]s1 v>y+ z mu* z fa%ion 9 dress4 ,9 m$iaeval times1 ! s5se ( hum\r 9 art 0 m develop$ ?an at any p]iod except our own day4 ,ev5-:ile ! monk 0 consecrat+ 8 "t to ! "w ( beautify+ ! sanctu>y1 8 s5se ( hum\r 0 ) him1 & mu/ crop out4 ,! grotesque has always play$ an important "p 9 art2 9 ! subt]ranean ,roman vaults ( ! e>ly c5turies1 "o =m ( ?is _s is exhibit$4 ,b ! elem5t ( wit is almo/ abs5t2 x is display$ 9 oppressively obvi\s =ms1 s t x loses its subtlety3 x repres5ts wom5 t]m9at+ 9 floral scrolls1 or sea-horses ) leaves gr[+ in/ead ( f9s4 ,! same _s is se5 9 ! grotesques ( ! ,r5aissance1 :]e ! s5se ( hum\r is n emphasiz$1 ! ideal 9 ?is class ( decoration be+ simply to fill ! space acceptably1 ) voluptu\s graceful l9es1 my?ological mon/rosities1 ! inexpressive m+l+ ( human & vegetable *>act]i/ics1 gr9n+ dragons1 suppos$ to inspire horror1 & su* conceits1 :ile ! attempt to amuse ! spectator is usually abs5t4 ,9 m$iaeval art1 h[ev]1 ! beauty ( l9e1 ! s5se ( horror1 & ! voluptu\s _s1 are all m or less subs]vi5t to ! light-he>t$ buoyancy ( a ke5 s5se ( fun4 ,to illu/rate ?is po9t1 ,i wi% to call ! att5tion ( ! read] to ! wit ( ! mona/ic scribes dur+ ! ,go?ic p]iod4 ,:o c\ld look at ! little animals :i* are f\nd tuck$ away almo/ out ( sight 9 ! fl[]y m>g9s ( _m illum9at$ manuscripts1 )\t see+ t ! arti/ himself mu/ h be5 amus$ at _! pranks1 & int5d$ o!rs to be s8 ,"o c picture a gray-hood$ bro!r1 *uckl+ alone at 8 own wit1 c>efully trac+ a jolly little grotesque1 & !n /eal+ s(tly to ! alcove ( "s cong5ial _s1 & 9 a :isp] invit+ 8 fri5d to come & see ! satire :i* he has c>efully introduc$3 ,a p]fect portrait ( ! ,bi%op1 only ) claws in/ead ( legs6 ,s v droll6 ,& de> bro!r1 :ile y are "h1 j look at ! expression ( ?is little rabbit's e>s1 :ile he li/5s to ! bomba/ic utt]ance ( ?is monkey :o we>s a /ole6 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>icature ,,( ,a ,,bi%op ,su* a fund ( playful hum\r is seldom f\nd 9 a s+le book z t embodi$ 9 ! ,t5ison ,psalt]1 ( :i* only a few pages rema9 ( ! "w ( ! orig9al arti/4 ,! book 0 once ! prop]ty ( ,ar*bi%op ,t5ison4 ,^! few pages %[ to ! _w ! mo/ p]fect example ( ! delicacy & skill ( ! m9iaturi/4 ,on "o page1 a little ar*]1 aft] hav+ pull$ 8 b[-/r+1 /&s at ! foot ( ! bord]1 gaz+ upw>ds aft] ! arr[1 :i* has be5 caught 9 ! bill ( a /ork at ! top ( ! page4 ,! attitude ( a little fiddl] :o is exhibit+ 8 trick monkeys c h>dly be surpass$ by c>icaturi/s ( any "t4 ,a qua9t bit ( cloi/] sc&al is indicat$ 9 an initial f ! ,h>leian ,manuscript1 9 :i* a monk :o has be5 entru/$ ) ! cell> keys is se5 avail+ himself ( ! situation1 eag]ly quaff+ a cup ( w9e :ile he /oops be=e a l>ge cask4 ,9 a ,g]man manuscript ,i h se51 cuddl$ away among ! foliage1 9 ! m>g91 a c\ple ( little monkeys1 fe$+ a baby ( _! own species ) pap f a spoon4 ,! baby monkey is closely wrapp$ 9 ! swa?+ b&s ) :i* "o is famili> z ! e>ly truss+ ( ,european *ildr54 ,satire & wra? are curi\sly bl5d$ 9 a ,g]man manuscript ( ! twelf? c5tury1 9 :i* ! scribe introduces a portrait ( himself hurl+ a missile at a v5turesome m\se :o is eat+ ! monk's *eese--a f9e ,camemb]t6--"u 8 v nose4 ,9 ! book :i* he is repres5t$ z transcrib+1 ! arti/ has trac$ ! words--,pessime mus1 sepius me provocas ad iram1 ut te ,deus p]dat4 7,wick$ m\se1 too (t5 y provoke me to ang]--may ,god de/roy !e67 ,9 _! illu/rations ! scribes (t5 %[$ h[ lit]al 0 _! int]pretation ( ,scriptural text4 ,= in/ance1 9 a passage 9 ! book kn[n z ! ,utre*t ,psalt]1 !re is an illu/ration ( ! v]se1 ,! words ( ! ,"l are pure words2 z silv] tri$ 9 ! furnace1 purifi$ sev5 times4 ,a gl[+ =ge is se51 & two craftsm5 are work+ ) bell[s1 p9c]s1 & hamm]1 to prove ! temp] ( "s metal1 :i* is s molt5 t a /ream ( x is p\r+ out ( ! furnace4 ,ano!r example ( ?is lit]al int]pretation1 is 9 ! ,psalt] ( ,edw91 :]e two m5 are engag$ 9 %>p5+ a sword ^u a gr9d/one1 9 illu/ration ( ! text ab\t ! wick$1 :o :et _! tongue l a sword4 ,!re is evid5ce ( great religi\s zeal 9 ! exhortations ( ! lead]s to ^? :o work$ "u !m4 ,abbot ,john ( ,tritt5ham ?us admoni%$ ! work]s 9 ! ,scriptorium 9 #adhf3 ,i h dim9i%$ y\r lab\rs out ( ! mona/]y le/ by work+ badly y %\ld only add to y\r s9s1 & h enjo9$ on y ! manual lab\r ( writ+ & b9d+ books4 ,!re is 9 my op9ion no lab\r m becom+ a monk ?an ! writ+ ( ecclesia/ical books4444 ,y w recall t ! libr>y ( ?is mona/]y444 _h be5 dissipat$1 sold1 or made way ) by disord]ly monks be=e u1 s t :5 ,i came "h ,i f\nd b f\rte5 volumes4 ,x 0 (t5 ) a s5se ( relief t a monk f9i%$ 8 "w ^u a volume1 z ! f9al ^w1 writt5 by ! scribe himself1 & kn[n z ! ,explicit1 frequ5tly %[s4 ,9 an old manuscript 9 ! ,mona/]y ( ,/4 ,aignan ! writ] has ?us express$ 8 emotions3 ,look out = y\r f+]s6 ,d n put !m on my writ+6 ,y d n "k :at x is to write6 ,x cramps y\r back1 x obscures y\r eyes1 x breaks y\r sides & /oma*6 ,x is int]e/+ to note ! v>i\s =ms :i* ^! f9al words ( ! scribes took2 sometimes ! ,explicit is a pa!tic appeal = remembrance 9 ! pray]s ( ! read]1 & sometimes x conta9s a note ( w>n+4 ,9 a manuscript ( ,/4 ,augu/9e n[ at ,ox=d1 !re is writt53 ,?is book belongs to ,/4 ,m>y's ( ,rob]t's ,bridge2 :oev] %all /eal x or 9 any way ali5ate x f ?is h\se1 or mutilate x1 let him be ,ana!ma ,m>an?a6 ,a lat] own]1 evid5tly to ju/ify himself1 has add$1 ,i1 ,john1 ,bi%op ( ,exet]1 "k n :]e ?is a=esaid h\se is1 nor did ,i /eal ?is book1 b acquir$ x 9 a lawful way6 ,! ,explicit 9 ! ,b5$ictional ( ,e!lwold is t\*+3 ! writ] asks all :o gaze on ?is book to ev] pray t aft] ! end ( ! fle% ,i may inh]it heal? 9 heav52 ?is is ! pray] ( ! scribe1 ! humble ,godemann4 ,a my/]i\s ,explicit occurs at ! end ( an ,iri% manuscript ( #aach1 ,pray = ,moelbrighte :o wrote ?is book4 ,great 0 ! crime :5 ,cormac ,mac ,c>?y 0 sla9 by ,t>delva* ,o',brian4 ,:o %all say :at revelation may h be5 embodi$ 9 ^! words8 ,0 x 9 ! nature ( a confession or an accusation ( "s hi!rto unkn[n occurr5ce8 ,com+ z x does at ! close ( a sacr$ book1 x 0 d\btless writt5 = "s important reason4 ,among curi\s examples ( ! ,explicit may be quot$ ! foll[+3 ,x is f9i%$4 ,let x be f9i%$1 & let ! writ] g out = a dr9k4 ,a ,fr5* monk adds3 ,let a pretty girl be giv5 to ! writ] = 8 pa9s4 ,ludovico di ,*]io1 a fam\s illum9ator ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 has ?is note at ! end ( a book ^u :i* he _h long be5 engag$3 ,complet$ on ! vigil ( ! nativity ( ,our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 on an empty /oma*4 7,:e!r ?is ref]s to an impos$ p5ance or fa/1 or :e!r ,ludovico consid]$ t ! (f]+ ( a meek & empty /oma* w\ld be especially acceptable1 ! read] may det]m9e47 ,!re is an amus+ rhym$ ,explicit 9 an e>ly fifte5? c5tury copy ( ,froiss>t3 ,i1 ,ra\l ,tanquy1 :o nev] 0 drunk 7,or h>dly m ?an judge or monk17 ,on f\r? ( ,july f9i%$ ?is book1 ,!n to dr9k at ! ,tab\ret myself took1 ,) ,pylon & boon companions m ,:o tripe ) onions & g>lic adore4 ,b if "s ( ! monks compla9$ or made sport ( _! "w1 !re 7 o!rs to :om x 0 a div9e inspiration1 & ^: affection = _! craft 0 almo/ fanatic1 an anecdote be+ relat$ ( "o ( !m1 :o1 :5 ab\t to die1 refus$ to be p>t$ f ! book ^u :i* he _h be/[$ mu* ( 8 life's en]gy1 & :o clut*$ x 9 8 la/ agony s t ev5 dea? %\ld n take x f him4 ,! good ,o?lonus ( ,ratisbon congratulates himself ^u 8 own ability 9 a _s ( humility ev5 :ile he rejoices 9 8 great skill2 he says3 ,i ?9k prop] to add an acc\nt ( ! great k & capacity = writ+ :i* 0 giv5 me by ! ,"l 9 my *ildhood4 ,:5 z yet a little *ild1 ,i 0 s5t to s*ool & quickly le>n$ my lett]s1 & ,i began long be=e ! "t ( le>n+1 & )\t any ord] f my ma/]1 to le>n ! art ( writ+4 ,und]tak+ ?is 9 a furtive & unusual mann]1 & )\t any tea*]1 ,i got a habit ( hold+ my p5 wrongly1 nor 7 any ( my tea*]s aft]w>ds able to correct me on t po9t4 ,?is v human t\* comes d[n to u ?r\gh ! ages to prove ! cont9uity ( educational exp]i5ce6 ,! acc\nts ( 8 mona/ic lab\rs put u to ! blu% :5 we ?9k ( su* activity4 ,:ile 9 ! mona/]y ( ,teg]nsee 9 ,bav>ia ,i wrote _m books4444 ,be+ s5t to ,franconia :ile ,i 0 yet a boy1 ,i work$ s h>d writ+ t be=e ,i _h return$ ,i _h ne>ly lo/ my eyesight4 ,aft] ,i became a monk at ,/4 ,emm]em1 ,i 0 appo9t$ ! s*ool-ma/]4 ,! duties ( ! (fice s fully occupi$ my "t t ,i 0 able to d ! transcrib+ ,i 0 int]e/$ 9 only by nights & 9 holidays4444 ,i 01 h[ev]1 able1 9 addition to writ+ ! books t ,i _h myself compos$1 & ! copies :i* ,i gave away = ! edification ( ^? :o ask$ = !m1 to prep>e n9ete5 missals1 ?ree books ( ! ,gospels & ,epi/les1 besides :i* ,i wrote f\r s]vice books = ,mat9s4 ,i wrote 9 addition sev]al o!r books = ! bre?r5 at ,fulda1 = ! monks at ,hirs*feld1 & at ,am]ba*1 = ! ,abbot ( ,lors*1 = c]ta9 fri5ds at ,passau1 & = o!r fri5ds 9 ,bohemia1 = ! mona/]y at ,teg]nsee1 = ! mona/]y at ,preyal1 = t at ,ob]mun/]1 & = my si/]'s son4 ,moreov]1 ,i s5t & gave at diff]5t times s]mons1 prov]bs1 & edify+ writ+s4 ,aft]w>d old age's infirmities ( v>i\s k9ds h9d]$ me4 ,surely ,o?lonus 0 ju/ifi$ 9 retir+ :5 8 "t came1 & enjoy+ "s respite f 8 lab\rs6 ,religi\s feel+ 9 works ( art is an almo/ indef9able ?+1 b "o :i* is felt 9 all true emanations ( ! consci5ti\s _s ( devotion4 ,fra ,angelico _h a special gift = express+ 9 8 arti/ic creations is own spiritual life2 ! v qualities = :i* he /ood1 8 virtues & 8 errors1--purity1 unque/ion+ fai? 9 ! miracul\s1 n>r[ness ( cre$1 & g5tle & ador+ humility1--all ^! elem5ts are se5 to complet5ess 9 8 decorative pictures4 ,p]haps ?is is because he really liv$ up to 8 pr9ciples4 ,"o ( 8 fav\rite say+s 0 ,he :o occupies himself ) ! ?+s ( ,*ri/1 mu/ ev] dwell ) ,*ri/4 ,x is relat$ t1 9 ! ,mona/]y ( ,maes ,eyck1 :ile ! illum9ators 7 at "w 9 ! ev5+1 copy+ ,holy ,writ1 ! devil1 9 a fit ( rage1 ext+ui%$ _! c&les2 !y1 h[ev]1 7 promptly light$ aga9 by a ,brea? ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! good "w w5t on6 ,salvation 0 suppos$ to be ga9$ ?r\gh consci5ti\s writ+4 ,a /ory is told ( a worldly & frivol\s bro!r1 :o 0 guilty ( _m s9s & follies1 b :o1 nev]!less1 0 an indu/ri\s scribe4 ,:5 he came to die1 ! devil claim$ 8 s\l4 ,! angels1 h[ev]1 br\ght be=e ! ,?rone a great book ( religi\s ,in/ructions :i* he _h illum9at$1 & = e lett] !re91 he receiv$ p>don = "o s94 ,behold6 ,:5 ! acc\nt 0 complet$1 !re prov$ to be "o lett] ov]6 ! n>rator adds naively1 ,& x 0 a v big book4 ,illu/ration3 ,,illum9ation ,,by ,,gh]>t ,,david ,,( ,,bruges1 #adih2 ,,/4 ,,b>b>a ,p]haps m ?an any books execut$ 9 ! bett] p]iod1 aft] ! decl9e _h begun1 7 ! ,books ( ,h\rs1 conta9+ ! num]\s daily devotions :i* =m "p ( ! ritual ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,e well appo9t$ lady 0 suppos$ to own a copy1 & !re is a little v]se by ,eu/a*e ,des*amps1 a poet ( ! "t ( ,*>les ,v41 9 :i* a woman is suppos$ to be romanc+ ab\t ! v>i\s treasures %e w\ld l to possess4 ,%e says3 ,h\rs ( ,our ,lady %\ld be m9e1 ,fitt+ = a noble dame1 ,( l(ty l9eage & "n2 ,wr\ght mo/ cunn+ly & qua9t1 ,9 gold & ri*e/ azure pa9t4 ,r>e cov]+ ( clo? ( gold ,full da9tily x %all enfold1 ,or1 op5 to ! view expos$1 ,two gold5 clasps to keep x clos$4 ,john ,skelton ! poet did hon\r to ! illum9at$ tomes ( 8 day1 9 spite ( ! fact t ! aee/hetic det]ioration _h begun4 ,) t ( ! boke loz5de 7 ! clasps ,! m>g9 0 illum9$ all ) gold5 railes1 ,& bice empictur$1 ) gras%opp]s & waspes ,) butt]flies & fre% peacock's tailes3 ,englos$ )444 pictures well t\*$ & quickly1 ,x wold h made a man hole t _h be "r sickly6 ,b "h we h an indication ( t realism :i* rung ! dea? knell ( ! art4 ,! gras%opp]s on a gold5 gr\nd1 & ! introduction ( c>efully pa9t$ insect & floral life1 l$ to all sorts ( extravagances ( ta/e4 ,b be=e ?is decad5ce1 !re 0 a v int]e/+ p]iod ( transition1 :i* may be /udi$ to special advantage 9 ,italy1 & is se5 *iefly 9 ! illum9ations ( ! great *oral books :i* 7 us$ 9 ! *oirs ( *ur*es4 ,"o book s]v$ = all ! s+]s 9 ^? days1 & x 0 plac$ ^u an op5 lect]n 9 ! middle ( ! *oir1 s t all ! s+]s c\ld see x3 x w be readily und]/ood t ! lett]+ _h to be g5]\s1 & ! page v l>ge = ?is purpose4 ,! decoration ( ^! books took on ! *>act]i/ics ( bread? 9 keep+ ) _! dim5sions1 & ( l>ge masses ( ornam5t r ?an delicate me&]4 ,! /yle ( ! ,italian *oral books is an art 9 itself4 ,! ,books ( ,h\rs & ,missals develop$ dur+ ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies into positive art gall]ies1 :ole pages be+ occupi$ by pa9t+s1 ! vellum be+ entirely hidd5 by ! decoration4 ,! art ( illum9ation decl9$ z ! art ( m9iature pa9t+ progress$4 ,! fact t ! arti/ 0 decorat+ a page 9 a book 0 lo/ sight ( 9 8 ambition to pa9t a s]ies ( small pictures4 ,! gl9t ( burni%$ gold on ! s(t surface ( ! vellum 0 no long] consid]$ elegant1 & ^! m elaborate pictures (t5 left n ev5 a m>g91 s t ! pictures might z well h be5 execut$ on pap] & canvas & fram$ sep>ately1 = !y d n sugge/ ornam5ts 9 a book aft] ?is *ange _h tak5 place4 ,lett]+ is h>dly introduc$ at all on ! same page ) ! illu/ration1 or1 :5 x is1 is plac$ 9 a little tablet :i* is simply "p ( ! g5]al s*eme4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*oral ,,book1 ,,si5a ,among ! books 9 ?is lat] p]iod ,i w ref] specifically to two only1 ! ,h\rs ( ,ann ( ,brittany1 & ! ,grimani ,brevi>y4 ,! ,h\rs ( ,ann ( ,brittany1 illum9at$ by a fam\s ,fr5* arti/ ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xii41 is reproduc$ 9 facsimile by ,curm]1 & is !re=e available = consultation 9 mo/ l>ge libr>ies4 ,x w repay any "o :o is int]e/$ 9 m9iature art to exam9e ?is book1 = ! "w is s excell5t t x is almo/ l turn+ ! leaves ( ! orig9al4 ,! ,grimani ,brevi>y1 :i* 0 illum9at$ by ,flemi% arti/s ( r5[n1 0 ! prop]ty ( ,c>d9al ,grimani1 & is n[ "o ( ! treasures ( ! ,libr>y ( ,/4 ,m>c 9 ,v5ice4 ,x is impossible 9 a %ort space to comm5t to any adequate ext5t ^u ! "w ( su* em95t arti/s z ,jean ,f\cquet1 ,don ,giulio ,clovio1 ,sano di ,pietro1 & ,lib]ale da ,v]ona2 !y 7 te*nically at ! head ( _! art1 & yet1 s f> z ta/e 9 book decoration is to be consid]$1 _! "w w\ld be m satisfactory z fram$ m9iatures ?an z m>g9al or pag9al ornam5t4 ,/ippl+ 0 br\ght to its ultimate p]fection by ,don ,giulio ,clovio1 b x is suppos$ to h be5 fir/ practis$ by ,antonio de ,hol&a4 ,"o ( ,jehan ,f\cquet's assi/ants 0 ,jehan ,b\rdi*on4 ,!re is an int]e/+ memor&um extant1 relat+ to a piece ( illum9ation :i* ,b\rdi*on _h accompli%$4 ,to ! said ,b4 = hav+ _h writt5 a book 9 p>*m5t nam$ ! ,papali/1 ! same illum9at$ 9 gold & azure & made 9 ! same n9e ri* ,hi/ories1 & = gett+ x b\nd & cov]$1 ?irty cr[ns 9 gold4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance !re 0 a rage = t9y books1 m9iature copies ( fam\s works4 ,m4 ,wu]tz possess$ a copy ( ! ,sonnets ( ,petr>*1 writt5 9 italics1 9 br[n ink1 ( :i* ! l5g? 0 "o in*1 & ! bread? five-eigh?s ( an in*1 %[+ fifty l9es on a page4 ,! text is only visible ?r\gh a glass4 ,x is 9 ,italian ta/e1 ) sev]al m9iatures1 & is b\nd 9 gold filigree4 ,! value ( illum9at$ books is enorm\s4 ,an ,elector ( ,bav>ia once (f]$ a t[n = a s+le book2 b ! monks _h suffici5t worldly wisdom to "k t he c\ld easily take ! t[n aga91 & s decl9$ ! ex*ange6 ,) ! introduction ( pr9t+1 ! art ( illum9ation 0 doom$4 ,! p]sonal message f ! scribe to ! read] 0 m]g$ 9 ! m compreh5sive message ( ! press to ! public4 ,x 0 no long] necess>y to sp5d a ye> on a "w t c\ld be accompli%$ 9 a day2 s ! arti/s f\nd !mselves r$uc$ to pa9t+ initial lett]s 9 pr9t$ books1 sometimes on vellum1 b m (t5 on pap]4 ,?is art /ill fl\ri%es 9 _m localities2 b x is no m illum9ation1 ?\gh x is (t5 s designat$1 ?an photography is portrait pa9t+4 ,bo? are useful 9 _! dep>tm5ts & = _! sev]al purposes1 b x is incorrect to conf\nd !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,f ,,an ,,italian ,,*oral ,,book ,once1 :ile exam9+ an old *oral book1 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck ) ! mat*less p]sonal elem5t :i* exi/s 9 a book :i* is made1 z ?is 01 by ! h&1 f ! fir/ /roke to ! la/4 ,! fir/ page %[$ a bold lett]+1 ! sweep ( ! p5 be+ firm & free4 ,animal vig\r 0 demon/rat$ 9 ! /eady h& & ! cle> eye4 ,! illum9ations 7 da9tily pa9t$1 & ! sure t\* ( ! little :ite l9e us$ to acc5tuate ! col\rs1 0 noticeable4 ,aft] sev]al pages1 ! lett]s became less true & firm4 ,! l9es _h a t5d5cy to slant to ! "r2 a weakness c\ld be detect$ 9 ! =m]ly /rong man4 ,f9ally ! writ+ grew positively %aky4 ,! skill 0 lo/4 ,sudd5ly1 on ano!r page1 came a *ange4 ,a new h& _h tak5 up ! "w--t ( a novice4 ,he _h n ! skill ( ! previ\s work] 9 8 be/ days1 b ! indecision ( 8 l9es 0 t ( inexp]i5ce1 n ( fail+ ability4 ,gradually he improv$4 ,8 col\rs 7 cle>] & gr\nd m smoo?ly2 8 gold %[$ a m glassy surface4 ,! book end$ z x _h begun1 a virile "w ( art2 b 9 ! c\rse ( its mak+1 "o man _h gr[n old1 lo/ 8 skill1 & di$1 & ano!r _h />t$ 9 8 immaturity1 ga9$ 8 education1 & devot$ 8 be/ ye>s to ?is book4 ,! pr9t+ press /&s = all t is progressive & desirable2 mod]n life & ?\ght hang ^u ?is discov]y4 ,b 9 ?is glori\s new bir? !re 0 sacrific$ a c]ta9 indescribable *>m :i* c nev] be felt n[ except by a book lov] z he turns ! leaves ( an anci5t illum9at$ book4 ,to him x is giv5 to und]/& t pa!tic appeal across ! c5turies4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,bibliography ,arts & ,crafts ,movem5t4 ,o4 ,l4 ,triggs4 ,two ,lectures4 ,william ,morris4 ,decorative ,arts4 ,william ,morris4 ,treatises ( ,b5v5uto ,cell9i4 ,libr>y ( ,briti% ,manufactories4 ,gold & ,silv]4 ,:eatley4 ,ye ,old5 ,"t4 ,e4 ,s4 ,holt4 ,arts & ,crafts ,essays4 ,ed4 by ,morris4 ,indu/rial ,arts4 ,maskell4 ,old ,engli% ,silv]4 ,cripps4 ,spani% ,arts4 ,j4 ,e4 ,rianio4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,f9e ,arts4 ,w4 ,b4 ,scott4 ,art ,"w 9 ,gold & ,silv]4 ,p4 ,h4 ,delamotte4 ,gold & ,silv]4 ,j4 ,h4 ,poll54 ,une ,ville du ,temps ,jadis4 ,m4 ,e4 ,del ,monte4 ,indu/rial ,arts4 ,p4 ,burty4 ,arts ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,lab>te4 ,miscellanea ,graphica4 ,fairholt4 ,arti/'s ,way ( ,work+4 ,r4 ,/urgis4 ,jewell]y4 ,cyril ,dav5port4 ,enamels4 ,mrs4 ,nelson ,dawson4 ,preci\s ,/ones4 ,jones4 ,ghib]ti & ,donatello4 ,lead] ,scott4 ,iron ,"w4 ,j4 ,s4 ,g>dn]4 ,guilds ( ,flor5ce4 ,e4 ,/aley4 ,arm\r 9 ,engl&4 ,j4 ,s4 ,g>dn]4 ,=eign ,arm\r 9 ,engl&4 ,j4 ,s4 ,g>dn]4 ,cameos4 ,cyril ,dav5port4 ,pet] ,vis*]4 ,cecil ,headlam4 ,/4 ,eloi & ,/4 ,b]nw>d4 ,b>+ ,g\ld2 ,lives ( ! ,sa9t4 ,european ,enamels4 ,h4 ,cunynghame4 ,int>sia & ,m>quetry4 ,h4 ,jackson4 ,pavem5t ,ma/]s ( ,si5a4 ,r4 ,h4 ,cu/4 ,sculpture 9 ,ivory4 ,digby ,wyatt4 ,anci5t & ,m$iaeval ,ivories4 ,wm4 ,maskell4 ,ivory ,c>v]s ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,a4 ,m4 ,cu/4 ,arts ( ! ,middle ,ages & ,r5aissance4 ,p4 ,lacroix4 ,ivories4 ,a4 ,maskell4 ,old ,engli% ,embroid]y4 ,f4 & ,h4 ,m>%all4 ,! ,bayeux ,tape/ry4 ,f4 ,r4 ,f[ke4 ,hi/ory ( ,tape/ry4 ,w4 ,g4 ,?omson4 ,la ,brod]ie4 ,l4 de ,f>cy4 ,textile ,fabrics4 ,dr4 ,rock4 ,ne$lework z ,art4 ,lady ,al=d4 ,hi/ory ( ,ne$lework4 ,c\ntess ( ,wilton4 ,gilds2 ,_! ,orig9s1 etc4 ,c4 ,wal=d4 ,tape/ry4 ,a4 ,*ampeaux4 ,tape/ry4 ,j4 ,hayes4 ,ornam5tal ,metal ,"w4 ,digby ,wyatt4 ,la ,mosaique4 ,g]spa*4 ,! ,ma/] ,mosaic ,work]s4 ,g4 ,s&4 ,revival ( ,sculpture4 ,a4 ,l4 ,fro?+ham4 ,hi/ory ( ,italian ,sculpture4 ,c4 ,h4 ,p]k9s4 ,art ,appli$ to ,indu/ry4 ,w4 ,burges4 ,f\r ,c5turies ( ,art4 ,noel ,humphreys4 ,aratra ,p5telici4 ,rusk94 ,sev5 ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture4 ,rusk94 ,val d',arno4 ,rusk94 ,/ones ( ,v5ice4 ,rusk94 ,lectures on ,sculpture4 ,flaxman4 ,brick & ,m>ble4 ,g4 ,e4 ,/reet4 ,sculpture 9 ,wood4 ,williams4 ,greek & ,go?ic4 ,/4 ,j4 ,tyr:itt4 ,we/m9/] ,abbey & ,craftsm54 ,w4 ,r4 ,le?aby4 ,le ,roi ,r5e4 ,l4 de la ,m>*e4 ,engli% ,m$iaeval ,figure ,sculpture4 ,prior & ,g>dn]4 ,*ur*es ( ,p>is4 ,sophia ,beale4 ,mat!w ,p>is' ,*ronicle4 ,cr[ns & ,coronations4 ,jones4 ,bell's ,h&books ( ,r\51 ,*>tres1 ,ami5s1 ,wells1 ,salisbury & ,l9coln4 ,hi/ory ( ,sculpture4 ,d',ag9c\rt4 ,! ,grotesque 9 ,*ur* ,art4 ,t4 ,t4 ,wildridge4 ,*oir ,/alls & ,_! ,c>v+4 ,emma ,phipson4 ,memorials ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,dean ,/anley4 ,memorials ( ,cant]bury4 ,dean ,/anley4 ,les ,corporations des ,arts et ,meti]s4 ,hub]t ,val]\x4 ,f+] ,r+ ,lore4 ,jones4 ,goldsmi?'s & ,silv]smi?'s ,"w4 ,nelson ,dawson4 ,! ,d>k ,ages4 ,maitl&4 ,rambles ( an ,ar*aeologi/4 ,f4 ,w4 ,fairholt4 ,hi/ory ( ,furniture4 ,a4 ,jacquem>t4 ,embroid]y4 ,w4 ,g4 ,p4 ,t[ns5d4 ,le ,livre des ,meti]s4 ,eti5ne ,boileau4 ,illum9at$ ,manuscripts4 ,j4 ,h4 ,middleton4 ,illum9at$ ,manuscripts4 ,edw>d ,quaile4 ,engli% ,illum9at$ ,manuscripts4 ,maunde ,?ompson4 ,les ,manuscrits et l'art de les ,orn]4 ,alphonse ,labitte4 ,les ,manuscrits et la ,m9iature4 ,l4 de la ,m>*e4 ,prim] ( ,illum9ation4 ,delamotte4 ,prim] ( ,illum9ation4 ,digby ,wyatt4 ,anci5t ,pa9t+ & ,sculpture 9 ,engl&4 ,j4 ,c>t]4 ,vas>i's ,lives ( ! ,pa9t]s4 7,select$47 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i--,autobiography4 ,illum9at$ ,manuscripts4 ,o4 ,we/wood4 ,celtic ,illum9ative ,art4 ,s4 ,f4 ,h4 ,rob9son4 ,illum9at$ ,manuscripts4 ,bradley4 ,,index ,aa*51 #af ,abbeville1 #bfe ,abbo1 #eg ,absalom1 #bii ,a*]ius1 ,j41 #cce ,adam1 #bh ,adam1 ,abbot1 #ba ,adam9us1 #bbb ,adel>d1 #bbi ,aelfl$1 #aii ,ael/1 #agb ,aga?o1 #bha ,agnelli1 ,fra1 #bbf ,agnese1 ,/41 #ad1 #caf ,agnolo1 ,b41 #cjc ,ahab1 #bgf ,aignan1 ,/41 #ced ,aix-la-,*apelle1 #ih1 #bhg ,albans1 ,/41 #aad1 #ahf1 #bjg1 #bej ,alb]ti1 ,l41 #aca ,aleu91 #ad1 #bgh1 #ccb ,aldobr&9i1 #aca ,alfr$1 ,k+1 #d1 #fd1 #fg1 #id1 #aii ,al=d1 ,lady1 #ahh1 #cjc ,alicante1 #afg ,alm]ia1 #ahc ,aloise1 #bj ,alw91 ,bp41 #beb ,alwyn1 ,h4 ,f41 #be ,amasia1 ,bp4 (1 #aia ,am]ica1 #be ,ami5s1 #fe1 #add1 #bcj1 #bcc1 #bcf1 #bch1 #bdj1 #bdd1 #bfe ,ana/atius1 #bja1 #bha ,anatomy ( ,abuses1 #bf ,ancona1 #bbd ,ancr5 ,riwle1 #ge ,ang]s1 #afd1 #bjh ,anglo-,saxons1 #di1 #ib1 #ie1 #ajj1 #aaa1 #aei1 #ahd1 #bid1 #cdc ,anne ( ,bohemia1 #fe1 #ace ,anne ( ,brittany1 #agd1 #baa1 #cfa ,anne ( ,cleves1 #bjf ,anquetil1 #bcj ,antelami1 #bba ,an!mius1 #caf ,an?ony1 ,/41 #bed ,antw]p1 #aaf ,apoll9aire1 ,/41 #caf ,apollonius1 #cai ,apulia1 #ahb ,arabia1 #e1 #ad1 #adg ,arles1 #ah1 #aib1 #bbi ,arnant1 ,a41 #bib ,arnolfo di ,cambio1 #bbg ,arm\r1 #aba-acb ,arphe1 ,h4 d' & ,j4 d'1 #bd1 #be ,arras1 #bj1 #afe1 #aff1 #afg1 #aga ,arrigo 7see ,peselli7 ,ar?ur1 ,pr9ce1 #bje ,artois1 #aff ,ass]1 #d ,a/]ius1 ,/41 #aib ,atlas1 #i ,a!lmay1 #d ,augu/ ! ,pi\s1 #bde ,augu/9e1 ,/41 #bgi1 #ced ,aurelian1 #ahj ,auquil9us1 #bcj ,au/91 ,w41 #abi ,aux5e1 #afb ,av5t91 ,/41 #bca ,av]ni]1 ,a41 #bfe ,avignon1 ,m4 de1 #cc ,babee's ,book1 #ci ,bakes1 ,j41 #aga ,balba/ro1 #acj ,bald9i1 ,b41 #cd ,baldov9etto1 #cbb ,ball91 ,c41 #ce ,bamb]g1 #beh ,bapti/1 ,john1 #fe ,b>b>ossa1 #af ,b>*e/on1 #aga ,b>gello1 #bha ,b>nwell1 #ccj ,b>?olomew ,anglicus1 #d1 #ha1 #hc1 #aaj1 #adi ,basilewski1 #bia ,basle1 #bc ,basse-taille1 #ajc ,bataille1 #aff ,bav>ia1 #afe1 #bff1 #bie1 #cfb ,bayeux ,tape/ry1 #aed-aei ,baz+e1 ,a4 de1 #bjg ,beau*amp1 ,r41 #add ,becket1 ,t4 a1 #bh1 #df1 #ed1 #fa ,b$e1 #aaj1 #ade ,begue1 ,j4 de1 #cch ,bells1 #ade ,b5$ict1 ,/41 #d1 #cbi ,b5$ictional ( ,e!lwold1 #cee ,b5et1 ,j41 #bej ,b]gamo1 #cjh ,b]n>d1 ,m41 #afg ,b]n>d1 ,/41 #ba1 #bb1 #bgj1 #bhg ,b]nw>d1 ,bp41 #af-bj1 #acf1 #adj1 #bbi1 #cag ,b]quem1 ,l41 #gd ,bess ( ,h>dwick1 #baa ,be?anc\rt1 ,j4 de1 #cc ,bev]ly1 #beg1 #bgd ,bezaleel1 #a1 #be ,bezold1 ,h4 van1 #bfh ,bian*9i1 #cbd ,billi>d ,balls1 #bie ,bir*1 ,w4 de ,g41 #cdi ,biscornette1 #aac ,black ,pr9ce1 #ace ,bl&iv]1 ,jack1 #aeb ,bloet1 ,bp41 #bdf ,blois1 #agd ,boabdil1 #abg ,boileau1 ,e41 #bag ,boleyn1 ,a41 #gh ,bologna1 #bbd1 #cjh ,bolognese1 ,m4 ,s41 #ccg ,bon+egna1 ,g41 #ih ,bo/on ,art ,museum1 #cdb ,boswor?1 #ff ,botticelli1 #aij ,b\di*on1 ,j41 #cfa ,b\l91 ,a41 #bfe ,b\telli]1 ,j4 le1 #bcg ,brad%aw1 #agj ,br&5burgh1 #bie ,bridget1 ,/41 #ec1 #cdf ,briolottus1 #bbb ,bri?no?1 #afj ,briti% ,museum1 #bib1 #cde ,bronze1 #acb-adi ,broo*es1 #ej-ef ,br[n+1 ,r41 #beh ,brunelles*i1 #cje ,brussels1 #agb ,brussels1 ,m4 ,s41 #ccg ,burgundy1 #aid ,byzant9e /yle1 #ac1 #bb1 #bd1 #di1 #fc1 #hd1 #hg1 #ib1 #ig1 #ajc1 #ahc1 #aia1 #aii1 #bbj1 #bbd1 #cdj ,byzant9e ,guide1 #cdb ,cadwollo1 #acd ,caffi1 ,m41 #cjg ,cambio1 ,a4 del1 #cja ,cambridge1 #cg1 #cfd ,cam]9o1 ,j41 #cba ,cameos1 #he-ij ,cano1 ,a41 #bfh ,cant]bury1 #ed1 #ace1 #agf1 #bdc ,canute 7see ,knut7 ,canozio1 #cje ,c>adosso1 #h ,c>amania1 #afh ,c>azan1 #e ,c>l5cas1 #bah ,c>ovage1 #aea ,c>p5tras1 ,bp4 (1 #cg ,c>r>a1 #bba ,c>t]1 ,j41 #ajf1 #bea1 #bij ,casati1 #ij ,cassiodorus1 #cbg ,ca/el1 ,g4 van1 #bfh ,ca/iglione1 ,c\nt1 #cjh ,cecilia1 ,/41 #ahf ,cele/9e ,,iii41 ,pope1 #ah ,cell9i1 ,b5v5uto1 xii1 #g-ac1 #dc1 #ef1 #fh-ga1 #ia1 #if1 #aje1 #abg1 #acb1 #cjd ,celtic /yle1 #ej-ed1 #ib1 #cdc ,c5tula1 #cag ,*a9$ ,books1 #ccj ,*alices1 #bi ,*ampleve1 #id1 #ajc ,*>lemagne1 #ad1 #ae1 #bc1 #fb1 #ih1 #abd1 #adf1 #aha1 #bjc1 #bbd1 #bid1 #cbh1 #ccb1 #cch ,*>les ,i41 #bab ,*>les ,v41 #dj1 #gj1 #afe1 #bji1 #bfe1 #bie1 #cei ,*>les ! ,bold1 #ae ,*>tres1 #ajg1 #ade1 #bai1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bcd1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bdb1 #cab ,*auc]1 #afi1 #aha1 #aic ,*elles1 ,j4 de1 #bdj ,*]io1 ,l4 de1 #cee ,*e/]1 #agj1 #bgc ,*i*e/]1 #bdb ,*ilp]ic1 #ch ,*9*9talas1 #ahg ,*ri/9 ( ,m>gate1 #bjg ,cid1 ,!1 #abh ,claudian1 #bgh ,clem5t le ,brodeur1 #bjg ,clem5t1 ,pope1 #i1 #ef1 #hi ,clem5te1 ,/41 #cba ,cl]mont1 #cad ,clocks1 #aej ,clo?aire ,,ii41 #aeg ,clovio1 ,g41 #cfa ,clovis ,,ii41 #fb ,cluny1 #ad ,cockayne1 ,w41 #dd ,co9si1 ,prior1 #bgj ,colaccio1 ,m41 #cje ,cola di ,ri5zi1 #bjd ,cold+ham1 #bdi ,cologne1 #ih1 #aae1 #ade ,columba1 ,/41 #bbj1 #cbg1 #cdd ,columbkille1 #eb ,con/ant9e1 #ac1 #cac1 #caf1 #cdj ,con/ant9ople1 #eg1 #hd1 #hf1 #ig1 #acf1 #aha1 #bbe1 #caf1 #cag1 #cah1 #cdj ,con/anza1 ,/a41 #cad ,coquille1 ,g4 de1 #cb ,cordova1 #be ,coro1 ,d4 del1 #bii ,cosmati ,mosaic1 #caj ,c\la1 #ec ,c\rtray1 #aeb ,cov5try1 #bja ,cozette1 #agg ,crac[1 #bff ,crete1 #bgf ,cre/1 ,h41 #cc ,crivelli1 ,c41 #ahc ,croisetes1 ,j4 de1 #aff ,cromwell1 ,o41 #bi ,cr[n ,jewels1 #ff ,croyl&1 #adg1 #afd1 #aib1 #bjj ,crumdale1 ,r41 #bej ,cunegonde1 #bjg ,cunegunda1 ,que51 #b1 #bd ,cups1 #dd ,curfew1 #adg ,curm]1 #cfa ,cus]ius1 #cae ,cu?b]t1 ,/41 #ec1 #ade1 #aii1 #cde ,cynewulf1 #adi ,cyzicus1 ,l4 de1 #bgi1 #cda ,dagob]t1 #fb1 #afb ,damasc5+1 #abf ,damiano1 ,fra1 #cjh ,dav5port1 #bhg ,dav5port1 ,c41 #hf ,davi1 ,j41 #bcf ,day1 ,lewis1 #ahc ,deck]1 ,h41 #bei ,delhi1 #eg ,delphyn1 ,n41 #bee ,delobel1 #aif ,d5is1 ,/41 #bj1 #bb1 #eh1 #hc1 #afb1 #bcj1 #bcb ,des*amps1 ,e41 #cei ,diamonds1 #ga-gd ,diane ( de ,poicti]s1 #ajg ,didi]1 ,abbe1 #cah ,didron1 #ah1 #adj ,dijon1 #aeb1 #aid1 #bbi ,dipo5us1 #bgf ,dioscorides1 #cda ,dom5ico ( ! ,cameos1 #hh ,donatello1 xiii1 #bbg ,donne1 ,dr41 #gi ,d\rdan1 #aff ,drawsw]d1 #bee ,dresd51 #he ,dubl91 #bg1 #cdd ,duc>el1 #aei ,dun/an1 ,/41 #ge1 #aaj1 #ahb ,du]]1 ,a41 #acb1 #beh1 #bff1 #bfh ,durham1 #ec1 #adh1 #agb1 #aig1 #bej1 #beb1 #bhh1 #cah ,durham ,book1 #cdd ,durosne1 #cc ,duval1 ,j41 #agc ,ebony1 #cjg ,ecclesia/icus1 #ha ,ed9burgh1 #acj ,edgi?a1 #aic ,edi?1 ,que51 #aei ,edrisi1 #afg ,edw>d1 goldsmi?1 #bh1 #cf ,edw>d ,i41 #ge ,edw>d ,,ii41 #afh1 #aii ,edw>d ,,iii41 #cf1 #ff1 #aic ,edw>d ,,iv41 #cg1 #aag ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 #bf1 #bh1 #ge1 #aef1 #aic1 #bbd1 #bea ,egebric1 #adg ,eg9h>d1 #bhb ,egyptians1 #a ,eleanor1 ,que51 #aag1 #ace1 #add1 #afe1 #bdi ,elf51 #cji ,elizabe?1 ,que51 #bf1 #abi1 #baa ,eloi1 ,/41 #bb1 #eg-fb1 #aaa ,ely1 #aei1 #aie1 #bjj1 #bdi ,embroid]ies1 #agi-bab ,emesa1 #fe ,emma1 ,que51 #bjj1 #bea ,enamels1 #ia-ajh ,engl&1 #b1 #d1 #bc1 #ace1 #afd1 #bad ,eraclius1 #ccf ,essex1 ,william (1 #ajg ,e!ldr$a1 ,/41 #bdi ,explicit1 #ced ,exodus1 #a ,ezekiel1 #bgf ,fairill1 #ec ,falkl&1 ,visc\nt1 #baa ,f>cy1 ,l41 #ahi1 #bjc ,f]d9& ,i41 #cjb ,f]d9& ,,ii41 #cjb ,f]eol1 ,/41 #cbh ,f]ucci1 ,f41 #cjb ,filigree1 #ab ,f+]-r+s1 #gd-gh ,f9igu]ra1 ,m41 #cd1 #aja ,flagons1 #cg ,fl&]s1 #afe ,flor5ce1 xii1 #bf1 #cd1 #hh1 #aae1 #acf1 #adg1 #agf1 #bbd1 #bfd1 #bih1 #cja1 #cjc1 #cai1 #cbb ,flor5ce1 ,jean (1 #afe ,flor5t1 ,/41 #afc ,fonta9e1 ,e4 la1 #bc ,f\cquet1 ,j41 #cfa ,f[ke1 ,f4 ,r41 #aee ,fra ,angelico1 #ceg ,france1 #b1 #c1 #e1 #bc1 #afb1 #afd1 #bad-baf1 #beg1 #bfb1 #bia1 #cbe ,francia1 #cd1 #ahc ,francis ,i41 #aa1 #aje1 #ajg1 #acc1 #aeb1 #agg ,freml+ham1 ,r4 de1 #bej ,froiss>t1 #aca1 #aeb1 #cef ,full]1 #ahi1 #bja ,gaddi1 ,g4 & ,a41 #cai-cbj1 #cbb ,gaeg>t1 #aad ,gale1 ,p41 #bjg ,gall1 ,/41 #abd1 #ade1 #bfc1 #bhe ,galla ,placida1 #cae ,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le1 #ahh ,g&e%eim1 #ai ,g>l&e1 ,j4 de1 #fb ,g>ni]1 #bcj ,gaunt1 ,j4 (1 #ce1 #ee ,gauti]1 ,r41 #bjg ,g5dulphus1 ,/41 #bhh ,g5esis1 #afj ,g5evieve1 ,/41 #c1 #bci ,g5oa1 #ab1 #ahj ,g]b]t1 #aej ,g]many1 #e1 #af1 #ag1 #aad1 #acj1 #aci1 #ada1 #ahe1 #aih1 #bad1 #beg1 #bfb1 #bia ,george ,,ii41 #ahf ,george ,,iv41 #ge ,g]ona1 #afj ,gh5t1 #acj ,ghib]ti1 xii1 #cd1 #ga1 #acf1 #bbg ,ghirl&ajo1 #cc1 #cbb ,giacomo1 ,mae/ro1 #cjf ,gif=d1 ,g41 #bi ,gilles1 ,/41 #bbi ,giralda1 #ace ,giraldus1 ,cambri5sis1 #cce ,gir>d d',orleans1 #bfe ,giotto1 #bfd1 #cbb ,giovanni ( ! ,camelians1 #hh ,giudetto1 ,mae/ro1 #bif ,gla/onbury1 #aaj1 #aeb1 #bbj1 #cca ,gl\ce/]1 #cbg1 #cca ,gl\ce/]1 ,john (1 #bdh ,gobel9s ,tape/ry1 #afj1 #afd1 #agf ,godemann1 #cee ,gold ,leaf1 #cce ,gontran1 #bbi ,go?ic /yle1 #bd1 #bi ,g\da1 #bii ,granada1 #ahc ,gregory1 ,/41 #bba1 #bgg ,gre%am1 ,sir ,t41 #be ,gres1 ,h4 de1 #bib ,grimani ,brevi>y1 #cfa ,grosso1 ,n41 #aaf ,grotesques1 #bce-bdc1 #bgc1 #cdi1 #cec ,grove1 ,d4 van1 #bfh ,gu]razz>1 ,treasure (1 #fc ,guillaume1 ,abbot1 #bbi ,guti]ez1 #afg ,haag1 ,j41 #bdj ,hall ,m>k1 #c ,hank=d1 ,sir ,w41 #cf ,hampton ,c\rt1 #aga ,hannequ91 #cb ,h>leian ,,ms41 #ceb ,h>rison1 #aic ,h>old1 #aeg1 #aeh ,hasqu91 ,j4 de1 #cc ,hatfield1 #aga ,hayes1 ,s4 ,l41 #aef ,headlam1 ,c41 #bfh ,hebrides1 #aif ,hebrews1 #a ,heliot1 #bib ,h5nequ9 de ,liege1 #bdj ,h5ry ,i41 #bc1 #aee ,h5ry ,,ii41 #hc1 #ajg1 #aig ,h5ry ,,iii1 #bg1 #bh1 #cf1 #ch1 #hf1 #aag1 #ace1 #add1 #bjg1 #bdh1 #bhg1 #caa ,h5ry ,v41 #beb ,h5ry ,,vi41 #ahe ,h5ry ,,vii41 #ajb1 #aha1 #bjf1 #bec1 #bed1 #beg1 #bfh ,h5ry ,,viii41 #aca1 #age1 #aie1 #bji1 #bed ,h5ry ! ,pi\s1 #bc ,h]l91 ,f41 #bff ,h]man1 #gd ,h]odias1 #fe ,hezilo1 #bj ,hilde%eim1 xii1 #af-bj1 #aaf1 #acf1 #aci1 #adj1 #beh1 #bhe1 #bhf1 #cji1 #cag ,hol&a1 ,a4 de1 #cfa ,hold]ness1 #bgc ,honorius1 ,pope1 #caf ,hudd1 ,a41 #bee ,hub]d1 ,r41 #bea ,hugh1 ,/41 #bdf ,hughes1 ,abbot1 #bbi ,husee1 #cg-gh ,hu/1 ,a41 #bfe ,il ,lasca1 #cje ,illum9ation1 #cbf-cfd ,imb]1 ,l41 #bee ,inlay1 #bif-cji ,innoc5t ,,iv41 #bjj ,iona1 #bbj ,irel&1 #cdb-cde ,iron1 #aji-aba ,isaiah1 #a ,isidore1 #caf ,isle ( ,man1 #gg ,islip1 ,abbot1 #ajb1 #bge ,italy1 #e1 #ba1 #ib1 #ada ,ivan ,,iii1 #bhc ,ivory c>v+1 #bge-bie ,ivy ,patt]n1 #cdg ,jackson1 ,h41 #cjg ,jacob ( ,breslau1 #cbh ,jacobus1 ,fra1 #cai ,james1 #cae ,james ,i41 #ef1 #agf ,jeanne1 ,que51 #agc ,jeanne ( ,nav>re1 #fh ,john1 ,k+1 #ff1 #aje1 #bjg ,john ,,xii41 #aaa ,john ,,iv41 #caf ,johnson1 ,r41 #aag ,jo9ville1 ,sir$e1 #aid ,jones1 ,sir ,e4 ,b41 #bjc ,j\y1 ,b4 de1 #cad ,ju/9ian1 #bbj1 #bba1 #cae ,ka!r9e1 ,que51 #beb ,ka!r9e ( ,aragon1 #bji ,keepe1 ,h41 #bda ,kells1 ,book (1 #di1 #cdd ,k5t1 ,fair ,maid (1 #aif ,keys1 #aai ,kild>e1 ,gospels (1 #cde ,kirton1 ,ed41 #bda ,kle9e ,held5bu*1 #ahi ,knight1 #baj ,knut1 ,k+1 #bjj1 #beb ,koh9oor1 #ga ,kraft1 ,a41 #ada1 #bac1 #beh1 #bei1 #bfa1 #bff ,krems1 #aae ,laa*1 #bfb ,lab5wolf1 #adc ,lab>te1 #cjb ,laborde1 #gd ,labraelli]1 ,j41 #bie ,lacordaire1 #afj ,lagrange1 #afh ,lambspr+1 ,b41 #abi ,lam\ry1 ,s41 #aff ,lat]an1 ,!1 #bje1 #caf1 #cba ,laura1 #aic ,lawr5ce1 ,/41 #cae ,lead1 #adi ,lebrija1 #bfi ,leighton1 ,t4 de1 #aag ,lel&1 #bjf ,leo ,,iii41 #bjc ,leo ,x41 #agb ,leon1 #be ,leop>di1 #cjb ,les ,maitres ,mosaites1 #cbc ,le?aby1 ,w4 ,r41 #beb1 #caa ,lewis1 #bic ,lewis1 ,h41 #aag ,lib]ale da ,v]ona1 #cfa ,lib] ,eli5sis1 #bjj ,lille1 #aff ,limoges1 #bd-eg1 #ajc1 #ajg1 #add ,l9coln1 #bdd1 #bdf1 #bgd ,l9coln ,imp1 #bdg ,l9disf>ne1 #ec1 #cde ,lim\s91 ,e4 & ,l41 #ajg ,lisle1 ,"l1 #ce1 #ee ,little ,gidd+1 #bab ,locks1 #abj ,lomb>ds1 ,!1 #ah1 #fc1 #bbj1 #bgg ,london1 #be1 #bf1 #dd1 #ahb1 #ahe1 #bjf1 #bdh1 #bhh ,lo?aire1 #ch ,l\is ,,vi41 #ba ,l\is ,,vii41 #ba ,l\is ,,xii41 #agd1 #cfa ,l\is ,,xiv41 #aig ,l\is1 ,pr9ce1 #bj ,l\is1 ,/41 #bb1 #aid1 #bcb1 #bdj1 #bec ,l\vre1 ,!1 #bgj1 #bib ,luebke1 xi ,lucca1 #bba1 #bif ,luca della ,robbia1 #bac ,ludl[1 #bgc ,lu9i1 ,b41 #cjg ,luna1 de1 #cjf ,mac,durnam1 #cdd ,mad ,meg1 #acj ,madrid1 #agg-bgj ,maes ,eyck1 #ceh ,maga/]1 #bgh ,maiano1 ,b4 de1 #cjd ,maitl&1 #ad ,maitani1 ,l41 #bbg ,malaga1 #bfi ,malmsbury1 ,w4 (1 #fe1 #ge1 #bbj ,malvezzi1 ,m41 #cjh ,manne1 ,p41 #cc ,mantegna1 #aja ,mantreux1 ,j4 de1 #cb ,manuello1 #cjb ,mapilton1 ,ma/]1 #beb ,mappae ,claviculae1 #bgf ,m>cel1 ,/41 #bch ,m>cellus1 #fe ,m>*e1 ,l4 de la1 #cda ,m>etta1 ,g41 #h ,m>iana1 ,que51 #bgj ,m>k's1 ,/41 #cah1 #cbc1 #cfa ,m>t51 #ff ,m>t91 ,/41 #ag1 #hg ,m>tyr1 ,bp41 #bdj ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 #baj ,maskell1 ,a4 & ,w41 #cb1 #ahf1 #bid ,mass>i1 ,a41 #cjf ,matilda1 ,que51 #aee ,matsys1 ,q41 #aah1 #ada ,matteo da ,si5a1 #cjj ,maximian1 #bhb ,m$ici1 ,!1 #he1 #agf1 #baa1 #bed1 #cja ,meml9c1 #aff ,mexicans1 #ah ,mi*ael1 ,/41 #ah1 #ai ,mi*elangelo1 #i1 #ij1 #aaf1 #bed1 #cjc ,milan1 #bha1 #cjg ,mildmay1 ,h41 #fg ,m9ella1 ,p4 de1 #bii ,m9iato1 ,san1 #bih ,mis]]e ,/alls1 #bga-bge ,mons ,meg1 #acj ,monte ,cass9o1 #cah ,mont]eau1 ,j4 de1 #bdj ,mont=t1 ,s4 de1 #fc ,mont>sy1 ,p4 de1 #ce ,monza1 #bc1 #fc1 #bba ,monzon1 #adf ,moore1 ,*>les1 xi1 #bcd ,moori% /yle1 #bd ,moreau1 ,j41 #bda ,morel1 ,b41 #ace ,mortlake1 #agh ,morris1 ,wm41 v1 x1 #bdh ,moryson1 ,f41 #bf ,mt4 ,a?os1 #cda ,moes]1 ,l41 #bff ,mosaic1 #cji-cbg ,nantes1 #cad ,nass>o1 ,m4 dal1 #hh ,naumb]g1 #bei ,navagi]o1 #ahc ,nev]s1 ,c\nt (1 #aid ,nicolas1 ,j41 #cc ,niello1 #di1 #ii-ajb ,nom5ticum1 #aff ,norfolk1 #ca ,norman /yle1 #bi ,norton1 ,c4 ,e41 #bai1 #bbf ,norwi*1 #de1 #aif1 #cca ,notre ,dame1 ,p>is1 #bah1 #bcd1 #bch1 #bdj ,noyon1 #eh1 #fj ,nu]emb]g1 #ada1 #aeb1 #beh1 #bei1 #bff1 #bib1 #cji ,oa? ,book ( ! ,saxon ,k+s1 #cdf ,od]icus1 #caa ,odo1 goldsmi?1 #ad1 #bg ,odo1 ,abbot1 #aae ,olivetans1 #cjg-cjh ,orcagna1 #cd1 #adj1 #ahc1 #bbg ,orebsc1 ,s4 ,m41 #bd ,orghet1 ,j41 #aff ,ori5tal1 #bd1 #hd ,orleans1 #cc ,orso ,magi/]1 #bbb ,orvi$o1 #bgh ,orvieto1 #cc1 #bbg1 #bdd1 #cjb1 #caj ,osmont1 #bjd ,o?lonus1 #cef ,o?o1 #bcj1 #bhf ,otto ,,iii41 ,emp]or1 #af ,oud5>des1 #afi ,ou51 ,/41 #eh ,ox=d1 #afh1 #baj1 #bdh1 #bee1 #ced ,pa*eco1 #be ,padua1 #cje ,pala d',oro1 #bc1 #ig1 #ih ,pal]mo1 #caa ,pancake ,man #bde ,p>is1 #b1 #ag1 #bj-bc1 #bf1 #cg1 #eb1 #fi1 #hf1 #aac1 #adi1 #aff1 #ahf1 #bjj1 #bah1 #bbi1 #bcd1 #bch1 #bci1 #bdj1 #cci ,p>is1 ,mat!w1 #bg1 #ahj1 #bjg ,p>ma1 #bba ,patras1 ,l41 #aci ,patrick1 ,/41 #b1 #di1 #eb1 #ade1 #bch ,paul ! ,deacon1 #bba ,paulus1 #cae ,pausanias1 #aba ,pavia1 #bba ,pembroke1 ,e>l1 #fg ,p5ne1 #bjh ,p]seus1 #acd ,p]sia1 #ee ,p]ugia1 #bbd1 #bih ,peselli1 #cbb ,pet] ,alb]icus1 #bbd ,pet] ,amabilis1 #bbd ,pet] ! ,great1 #bie ,pet] de ,/4 ,&eman1 #cce ,pet] ,orfev]1 #bbd ,pet] ( ,rome1 #caj ,pet] ( ,spa91 #bda ,petr>*1 #aib1 #cfb ,philip ,,iv41 #afg ,philip ! ,bold1 #afe ,philip ! ,good1 #afe ,philippa1 ,que51 #aid ,philo/ratus1 #ia1 #ajc ,philox5us1 #bgg ,pic>die1 #cag ,pick]+1 ,w41 #abi ,pietra ,dura1 #cja ,piggigny1 ,j4 de1 #cb ,p9turic*io1 #cjj ,pirckheim]1 ,w41 #acb ,pisa1 #bba1 #bbe1 #bih ,pisani1 ,!1 #ga1 #baf1 #bba1 #bbe1 #bcd1 #bdd ,pi/oja1 #bih ,pitti ,palace1 #aja1 #agg1 #cja1 #cjb ,pius ,,ii41 #fg ,pl9y1 #b1 #aaj1 #adc ,poiti]s1 #afb1 #afc ,pollajuolo1 xiii1 #cd1 #aie ,polo1 ,m>co1 #e1 #ee1 #ga1 #ahd1 #ahg1 #bgh ,pord5one1 #cbc ,portl& ,vase1 #hg ,p\cet1 ,j4 de & ,b41 #bda ,p\lligny1 ,g4 de1 #bjg ,p\ss91 ,n41 #cc ,preci\s ,/ones1 #gg-hc ,prior & ,g>dn]1 #bdd ,probus1 #bgg ,prop]ties ( ,?+s1 #d ,psalt] ( ,edw91 #cec ,ptolemies1 ,!1 #hc ,pud5ziana1 ,/41 #cad ,pug91 #abj1 #aec ,qu5t91 ,/41 #fj ,que5 ,m>y's ,psalt]1 #cdg ,rabanus1 #bgh ,rabot91 ,l41 #cc ,raffaelo da ,brescia1 #cjh ,ralph1 ,bro!r1 #bej ,ramsay1 ,w41 #bej ,raphael1 #aff1 #agb1 #cbc ,raus>t1 ,j4 de1 #aff ,rav5na1 #baf1 #bbd1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #cab1 #cad1 #cae ,r$grave1 ,r41 xi1 #dg ,ree1 ,j4 ,p41 #bei ,re=mation1 ,!1 #bi1 #ca1 #bji ,reggio1 #cje ,r5aissance1 #cb1 #hh1 #aag1 #ace1 #ada1 #afd1 #aib1 #bje1 #bbg1 #bci1 #bfh1 #bga1 #cfb ,r5e ( ,anj\1 #cc1 #afd1 #agc1 #bjh1 #bda ,r5oy1 ,j41 #bcg ,reynolds1 ,sir ,j41 #aci ,rheims1 #aej1 #afb1 #bbi1 #bch1 #bci1 #cjj ,ri*>d ,,ii41 #cg1 #ace ,ri*>d ,,iii41 #ff ,ripon1 #bgc ,rob]t1 ,k+1 #aej1 #bbi ,rock1 ,dr41 #aee1 #ahc1 #aia1 #aig1 #baj ,rome1 #ag1 #ai1 #bd1 #acf1 #ahg1 #bfd1 #bgh1 #bhc1 #caj1 #caf1 #cba1 #cbb ,romanesque /yle1 #ah1 #bi1 #bai1 #bbj1 #beh ,romulus & ,remus1 #bii ,rosebeque1 #aca1 #afg ,rossi1 #cad ,ro!nburg1 #bff ,r\51 #fj1 #bcf1 #bfe ,roze1 ,abbe1 #bcf ,rusk91 ,j41 v1 #add1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bce1 #bfe1 #bih ,sal9as1 #acj ,salisbury1 #bdc ,salisbury1 ,e>l1 #ce ,salt-cell>s1 #dc ,salutati1 ,b41 #aie ,s&1 ,g41 #cbc ,s&wi*1 #cj ,sansov9o1 xii ,sano di ,pietro1 #cfa ,saumur1 #afb1 #bda ,sauval1 #aad ,savon>ola1 #aie ,s*uele91 ,h41 #bff ,scillis1 #bgf ,s*ola/ico1 ,a41 #bie ,s*utz1 ,c41 #ahe ,scott1 ,w41 #ea ,sculpture1 #bac ,selsea1 #bdb ,s5lis1 ,h4 de1 #bib ,seville1 #bd1 #be1 #abh1 #acb1 #bji ,sewald1 #afe ,%akespe>e1 #gg ,%or$it*1 ,j4 (1 #afh ,%rewsbury1 #baa ,si5a1 #bbe1 #bih-cjj1 #cjb ,silk1 #agi ,siries1 ,l41 #cjb ,si?iu1 #cci ,skelton1 ,j41 #cei ,smyrna1 #afh ,soignoles1 ,j4 de1 #bdj ,solignac1 #eh ,sophia1 ,/a41 #caf ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 #ai1 #agj1 #agg1 #aig1 #aih1 #cjc1 #bbf ,spa91 #bd1 #ajb1 #aaj1 #aag1 #abj1 #abg-h1 #acj1 #baa1 #beh1 #bgh1 #bid1 #cjf ,spoons1 #ci ,squire ( ,l[ ,degree1 #aig ,/aley1 ,e41 #acd ,/atius1 #cae ,/auracius1 #acf ,/5gel1 ,h41 #cji ,/ephanus1 #cae ,/eph5 ,,iv41 #ahg ,/ev5s1 ,t41 #add ,/rasburg1 #bei ,/oss-,veit1 #beh-bff ,/ubbes1 #be ,/ubbs1 ,*>les1 #bdi ,/ump ,"w1 #bab ,/urgis1 ,r41 vii1 #bah1 #cjg ,sug]1 ,abbot1 #bj-bc1 #bcj1 #cah ,su9?ila1 #bc1 #fc ,sum]cote1 ,j4 de1 #bjg ,sw9eh]d ( ,/[e1 #bdf ,sylve/] ,,ii41 #aea ,sylve/]1 ,bp41 #cad ,symma*us1 #bgi ,symonds1 ,j4 ,a41 #aci ,syon ,cope1 #bja ,syrl91 ,j41 #bff ,tali1 ,a41 #cai-cbj ,tanagra1 #bac ,tan*o1 #adf ,tape/ry1 #aed-agh ,tapici]1 ,g4 le1 #afh ,tappi/]e1 ,j4 le1 #afh ,t>a ,broo*1 #ej1 #hc ,t>t>y1 #ahd ,tassa*1 #ec ,tasso1 ,d4 & ,g41 #cjc1 #cjd ,taugm>1 #ag ,teg]nsee1 #ceg ,temple ,*ur*1 #bdh ,t5ison ,psalt]1 #cdg1 #ceb ,texi]1 ,abbe1 xiii ,textiles1 #aed ,!bes1 #aha ,!rgunna1 #aif ,!odol9da1 ,que51 #bba1 #bgg ,!odora1 #cae ,!odoric1 #bba1 #bbb1 #cbg ,!ophilus ! ,monk1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #gd1 #ha1 #he1 #ie1 #ii1 #ajj1 #aaj1 #ahe1 #bgf1 #ccg ,!ophilus1 ,emp]or1 #ad1 #cag ,?illo1 #eh ,?omson1 ,m4 ,g41 #afe1 #aga ,t9toretto1 #cbc ,titian1 #cbc ,tol$o1 #bd1 #be1 #fc1 #abe1 #bji1 #bgj ,tonqu91 ,j41 #aad ,topf1 ,j41 #abi ,torcello1 #aab1 #cai ,torel1 ,w41 #add1 #bdi1 #bej ,torp5h[1 #ca ,torregiano1 #bed1 #bfd ,torriti1 ,j41 #cba ,t\ra9e1 #aid ,t\rs1 #ag1 #afb1 #agc1 #cad ,treatises ( ,cell9i1 #aa ,tritt5ham1 ,j4 (1 #ced ,trophimes1 ,/41 #bbi ,tr\p91 ,j41 #bfe ,troyes1 #agj ,tu*]1 ,a41 #bfh ,tudela1 ,b4 (1 #eg1 #aha ,tudor1 #bi ,tuscany1 #e ,tutilon1 or ,tutilo1 #bbi1 #bfc ,ubaldo1 ,/41 #bjd ,ugol9o ( ,si5a1 #cc ,ulm1 #bff ,ulpha1 ,/41 #bcc ,urb9o1 #cjf ,utre*t ,psalt]1 #aef1 #cec ,val5ce1 ,a4 de1 #add1 #bcc ,val5cia1 #adf ,val]io ,v9c5t9o1 #hi ,van ,eyck1 #aff ,vas>i1 ,g41 #cd1 #he1 #hi1 #ajf1 #aaf1 #aia1 #bed1 #cjb1 #cbj1 #cbb ,vatican1 #bjd ,velasquez1 #be1 #afg ,v5ice1 #hd1 #ig1 #acf1 #bbc1 #cab1 #cah1 #cbb1 #cbc1 #cfa ,v]oc*io1 #cc1 #cd ,v]ona1 #hh1 #aag1 #bbb ,villant1 ,p4 de1 #bjh ,v9ci1 ,l4 da1 #cc ,viollet-le-,duc1 #eb1 #bah ,virgil1 #bbh ,vis*]1 ,pet]1 #ada-adc1 #bff ,vis*]1 ,pet]1 ,jr41 #bfh ,vitel1 #cad ,vitruvius1 #ahg ,viv>ia1 #cbg ,vopiscus1 ,f41 #aff ,wallois1 ,h41 #aff ,walpole1 ,h41 #adh ,wals+ham1 ,a4 de1 #bdh ,walt] ( ,col*e/]1 #bej ,walt] ( ,durham1 #bej ,w>e1 ,r4 de1 #caa ,w>wick1 #add ,waqui]1 #bjg ,we*t]1 ,f4 de1 #aff ,welburne1 ,j41 #bge ,wells1 #aeb1 #bdd ,w5dov]1 ,r4 de1 #ahj ,we/m9/]1 #ff1 #ajb1 #aag1 #add1 #aef1 #afe1 #bbd1 #bcc1 #bdj1 #bda1 #bdc1 #bdi-bee1 #bfh1 #bge1 #caa1 #cca ,we/wood1 ,o41 #cdd ,weyd51 van d]1 #afi ,willaume1 #aff ,william ! ,conqu]or1 #aee1 #bcb ,williams ( ,s5s1 #bdc ,wilton1 ,c\ntess (1 #aeg1 #agb ,w9*e/]1 #adi1 #afe1 #aii1 #bgb ,w9dsor1 #aah1 #aca1 #bfh ,wire-draw+1 #ahd ,)af1 ,k+1 #aib ,)]s1 ,g41 #fg ,wolsey1 ,c>d41 #age ,wood-c>v+1 #bfb-bge ,wood1 #ff ,wool/rope1 #bi ,wor/$1 #aif ,wyckham1 ,w41 #ajb ,ypres1 #aff ,york1 #aha1 #bge1 #bhe ,zamborro1 ,m41 #cbb ,zuccati1 ,!1 #cbc-cbe