,,! ,,heav5ly ,,fa!r4 ,lectures on ,mod]n ,a!ism4 ,,by ,,erne/ ,,naville1 ,,correspond+ ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,in/itute ,,( ,,france 7,,academy ,,( ,,! ,,moral ,,& ,,political ,,sci5ces71 ,,late ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,philosophy ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,g5eva4 ,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,fr5* ,,by ,,h5ry ,,d[nton1 ,m4,a41 ,,engli% ,,*apla9 ,,at ,,g5eva4 --,to ?is deplorable error ,i desire to oppose fai? 9 ,,god z x has be5 giv5 to ! _w by ! ,gospel--fai? 9 ! ,,heav5ly ,,fa!r4 ,au?or's ,lett] to ,pr(essor ,f>aday 7v4 p4 #aic74 ,,bo/on3 ,,william ,v4 ,,sp5c] #ahfg4 ,,cambridge3 ,,press ,,( ,,john ,,wilson ,,& ,,son4 ,,preface4 ,^! ,lectures1 9 _! orig9al =m1 7 deliv]$ at ,g5eva1 & aft]w>ds at ,lausanne1 be=e two auditories :i* toge!r numb]$ ab\t two ?\s& five hundr$ m54 ,a ,swiss ,review publi%$ consid]able portions ( !m1 :i* _h be5 tak5 d[n 9 %ort-h&1 & on read+ ^! portions1 sev]al p]sons1 belong+ to diff]5t c\ntries1 conceiv$ ! idea ( translat+ ! "w :5 complet$ by ! ,au?or1 & correct$ = publication4 ,pro(-%eets 7 accord+ly s5t to ! translators z !y came f ! press3 & ?us ?is volume w appe> pretty ne>ly at ! same "t 9 sev]al ( ! languages ( ,europe4 ,! he>ty k9dness ) :i* my fell[-c\ntrym5 receiv$ my words has be5 to me bo? a delight & an enc\ragem5t4 ,! expressions ( sympa?y :i* h rea*$ me f abroad all[ me to hope t ^! pages1 not)/&+ ! defici5cies & imp]fections ( :i* ,i am ke5ly s5sible1 reflect "s few ( ! rays ( ! tru? :i* ,god has deposit$ on ! e>?1 !reby to unite 9 ! same fai? & hope m5 ( e tongue & e nation4 ,,erne/ ,,naville4 ,,g5eva1 ,may1 #ahfe4 ,,note ,,by ,,! ,,translator4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is translation s long aft] t ( ! orig9al "w is 9 contradiction to ! =ego+ /atem5t ( ! ,au?or1 t x w\ld appe> at ne>ly ! same "t ) x4 ,! delay has be5 due to causes beyond ! translator's control--9 "p to ! difficulty ( revis+ ! press at s great a di/ance f ! place ( publication1 ! translator be+ resid5t at ,g5eva4 ,?is latt] circum/ance causes an exception 9 ano!r p>ticul> z reg>ds ?is translation1 ! proposal to translate ! ,lectures hav+ be5 made to ! ,au?or1 & k9dly accept$ by him1 dur+ ! c\rse ( _! deliv]y at ,g5eva4 ,! m]e /atem5t by ! ,au?or ( ! numb]s1 l>ge z !y 71 ( ^? :o =m$ ! auditories1 c give b a small idea ( ! en?usiasm ) :i* !y 7 receiv$ by ! cr[ds :i* ?rong$ to he> !m1 & :i* 7 compos$ ( all classes ( p]sons1 f ! mo/ di/+ui%$ savant to ! intellig5t artisan4 ,x is n to be expect$ t ! ,lectures :5 read1 ev5 9 ! orig9al1 & /ill less 9 a translation1 c produce ! vivid impression :i* !y made on ^?1 :o1 ) ! translator1 _h ! privilege ( he>+ !m deliv]$1--! ,au?or hav+ few rivals1 on ! ,cont95t or else:]e1 9 ! graces ( poli%$ eloqu5ce2 b ! subjects treat$ are1 x is to be fe>$1 ( increas+ importance1 n abroad only1 b 9 ,engl&2 & 9 fact "o ,lecture1 ! f\r?1 is 9 a l>ge measure occupi$ ) =ms ( a!ism :i* owe _! *ief support to ,engli% au?ors4 ,9 t ,lecture ! ,au?or %[s t ! spiritual orig9 ( man _c be put out ( sight b5ea? details ( physiology & rese>*es ( natural hi/ory1 & t ^! n only _c settle1 b _c s mu* z t\* ! "q4 ,! same ,lecture is occupi$ 9 "p by a practical refutation ( ! prejudice aga9/ religion drawn f ! irreligi\s "* ( _m m5 ( sci5ce4 ,! ,au?or's subject has l$ him 9 ! pres5t "w to conf9e 8 illu/rations on ?is head to ! "q ( natural religion3 b ! translator w av[ t a ma9 motive ) him to und]take ! labor ( ?is translation has be5 ! wi% to prove1 9 ! in/ance ( ! di/+ui%$ ,au?or himself1 t m5 ( inconte/able em95ce z metaphysical philosoph]s may hold & pr(ess boldly _! fai? 9 doctr9es1 :i* _m :o affect to guide ! religi\s op9ions ( our y\? w\ld tea* !m to despise z ! h]itage ( n>r[ m9ds1 & to ca/ away z incompatible ) ! highe/ intellectual cultivation4 ,su* doctr9es are ^? ( ! fall & ru9 ( man by nature1 ! necessity = ,div9e ag5cy 9 8 recov]y1 8 ne$ ( propitiation by ! sacrifice ( ! ,god-,man--l',homme-,dieu4 ,^! tru?s are explicitly /at$ by ! ,au?or 9 8 =m] c\rse ( lectures--,la ,vie ,et]nelle1#a 9 :i*1 :ile disc\rs+ eloqu5tly on t et]nal life :i* is ! portion ( ! righte\s1 he does n %r9k f decl>+ 8 belief 9 its awful c\nt]p>t1 ! et]nal condemnation ( ! wick$4 ,! (f5ce ( ! ,cross has n ceas$1 & _m f9d+ t ^! are ! op9ions ( ?is ,au?or1 w p]haps lay d[n 8 book z unwor?y ( _! att5tion3 yet ! editor1 biograph]1 & expositor ( ! great ,fr5* ?9k]1 ,ma9e de ,biran1 w n ne$ introduction to ! intellectual magnates ( our own or ( any c\ntry4 ,! translator w be ?ankful1 if "s ( ^?1--! y\? m especially1--( 8 own c\ntry1 :o h be5 dazzl$ by ! gl>e ( false sci5ce1 %all f9d 9 ?is "w a help to ! reassur+ ( _! fai?1 :ile !y le>n 9 a fre% example t !re are m5 q compet5t to deal ) ! pr(\nde/ problems :i* c ex]cise our ?\ghts1 :o at ! same "t h come to a conviction1--compatible z !y believe ) pr9ciples ( ! cle>e/ reason1--( ! tru? ( ^? v doctr9es :i* =m ! sub/ance ( evangelical ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 say+ ?is1 ! translator is f> f claim+ ! ,au?or z belong+ to ! same s*ool ( !ology ) himself3 b diff]+ ) him on "s important po9ts1 he has yet believ$ t ?is volume is calculat$ to be ( mu* use 9 ! pres5t condition ( religi\s ?\ght 9 ,engl&1 & 9 ?is hope & pray] he comm5ds x to ! bless+ ( ,him1 ^: be+ & attributes1 z our ,god & ,fa!r 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 are !re9 ass]t$ & def5d$4 ,,g5eva1 ,novemb]1 #ahfe4 ,,footnote3 #a ,a translation ( ?is "w1 by an ,engli% lady1 has be5 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,dalton1 #bh1 ,cockspur /reet4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,,page ,,our ,,idea ,,( ,,god #a ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,life ,,)\t ,,god #dc ,,"p ,i4--,,! ,,individual #de ,,"p ,,ii4--,,society #gb ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,! ,,revival ,,( ,,a!ism #aag ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,nature #age ,,lecture ,v4 ,,humanity #bde ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,! ,,creator #big ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,! ,,fa!r #cdj ,,lecture ,i4 ,,our ,,idea ,,( ,,god4 7,at ,g5eva1 #ag? ,nov4 #ahfc4--;,at ,lausanne1 #aa? ,jan4 #ahfd47 ,,g5tlem51 ,"s five-&-tw5ty or ?irty ye>s ago1 a ,g]man writ] publi%$ a piece ( v]se :i* began 9 ?is way3 ,our he>ts are oppress$ ) ! emotions ( a pi\s sadness1 at ! ?\ght ( ! anci5t ,jehovah :o is prep>+ to die4 ,! v]ses 7 a dirge ^u ! dea? ( ! liv+ ,god2 & ! au?or1 l a well educat$ son ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 be/[$ a few poetic te>s ^u ! obsequies ( ! ,et]nal4 ,i 0 "y :5 ^! /range words met my eyes1 & !y produc$ 9 me a k9d ( pa9ful bewild]m5t1 :i* has1 ,i ?9k1 = ev] engrav5 !m 9 my memory4 ,s9ce !n1 ,i h _h occasion to le>n by _m tok5s t ?is fact 0 n at all an exceptional "o1 b t m5 ( influ5ce1 fam\s s*ools1 important t5d5cies ( ! mod]n m9d1 are agre$ 9 proclaim+ t ! "t ( religion is ov]1 ( religion 9 all its =ms1 ( religion 9 ! l>ge/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,b5ea? ! social di/urbances ( ! day1 b5ea? ! discussions ( sci5ce1 b5ea? ! anxiety ( "s & ! sadness ( o!rs1 b5ea? ! ironical & m or less insult+ joy ( a few1 we read at ! f\ndation ( _m intellectual manife/ations ( our "t ^! gloomy words3 ,h5ce=? no m ,god = humanity6 ,:at may well s5d a %udd] ( fright ?r\gh society--m ?an ?reat5+ w>1 m ?an possible revolution1 m ?an ! plots :i* may be hat*+ 9 ! d>k aga9/ ! security ( p]sons or ( prop]ty--is1 ! numb]1 ! importance1 & ! ext5t ( ! ef=ts :i* are mak+ 9 our days to ext+ui% 9 m5's s\ls _! fai? 9 ! liv+ ,god4 ,?is fe>1 ,g5tlem51 ,i %\ld wi% to communicate to y1 b ,i %\ld wi% also to conf9e x )9 its j limits4 ,religion 7,i take ?is t]m 9 its mo/ g5]al acceptation7 is n1 z _m say t x is1 ei!r dead or dy+4 ,i want no o!r pro( ( ?is ?an ! pa9s :i* s _m p are tak+ to kill x4 ,x is (t5 ^? :o say t x is dead1 or fall+ rapidly into dissolution1 :o apply !mselves to ?is "w4 ,!y are too g5]\s1 no d\bt1 to make a viol5t attack ^u a corpse2 & x is easy to und]/&1 judg+ by ! int5sity ( _! ex]tions1 t 9 _! own op9ion !y h some?+ else to d ?an to give a f9i%+ /roke to ! dy+4 ,pres5t circum/ances are s]i\s1 n = religion itself1 :i* _c be imp]ill$1 b = m9ds :i* run ! risk ( los+ _! balance & _! support4 ,let x be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t :5 x is said t we are liv+ 9 extraord9>y times1 t we are pass+ ?r\gh an unequall$ crisis1 t ! l ( :at we see 0 nev] se5 be=e1 & s on1 we mu/ always reg>d conclusions ( ?is nature ) di/ru/4 ,our p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! circum/ances :i* imm$iately surr\nd u produces on !m = u ! magnify+ effect ( a microscope3 & our pr9cipal reason = ?9k+ t our epo* is m extraord9>y ?an o!rs1 is = ! mo/ "p t we are liv+ 9 our own epo*1 & h n liv$ 9 o!rs4 ,a m9d att5tive to ?is fact1 & s plac$ ^u its gu>d aga9/ all t5d5cy to exagg]ation1 w easily p]ceive t religi\s ?\ght has 9 =m] times pass$ ?r\gh %ocks z pr(\nd & z dang]\s z ^? ( :i* we are witnesses4 ,/ill ! crisis is a real "o4 ,tak+ into acc\nt its ext5t 9 our days1 we may say t x is new = ! g5]ation to :i* we belong2 & x is wor?y ( close consid]ation4 ,to-day1 z an introduction to ?is grave subject1 ,i %\ld wi% fir/ to det]m9e z precisely z possible :at is our idea ( ,god2 to inquire next f :at s\rces we d]ive x2 & la/ly to po9t out1 z cle>ly z ,i may1 ! limits & ! nature ( ! discussion to :i* ,i invite y4 ,9 ask+ :at s5se we mu/ give to ! ^w ,god1 ,i am n go+ to propose to y a metaphysical def9ition1 or any sy/em ( my own3 ,i am inquir+ :at is 9 fact ! idea ( ,god 9 ! bosom ( mod]n society1 9 ! s\ls :i* live by ?is idea1 9 ! he>ts ( :i* x con/itutes ! joy1 9 ! consci5ces ( :i* x is ! support4 ,:5 our ?\ghts rise above nature & humanity to t invisible ,be+ :om we speak ( z ,god1 :at is x :i* passes 9 our s\ls8 ,!y fe>1 !y hope1 !y pray1 !y (f] ?anksgiv+4 ,if a man f9ds himself 9 "o ( ^? desp]ate positions 9 :i* all human help fails1 he turns t[>ds ,heav51 & says1 ,my ,god6 ,if we are witnesses ( "o ( ^? in/ances ( revolt+ inju/ice :i* /ir ! consci5ce 9 its pr(\nde/ dep?s1 & :i* c\ld n on e>? meet ) adequate puni%m5t1 we ?9k )9 ourselves1--,!re is a ,judge on high6 ,if we are reprov$ by our own consci5ce1 ! voice ( t consci5ce1 :i* di/urbs & sometimes torm5ts u1 rem9ds u t ?\gh we may be %ut out f all human view1 !re is no less an ,eye :i* sees u1 & a j aw>d await+ u4 ,?us x is 7,i am seek+ to e/abli% facts7 t ! ?\ght ( ,god op]ates1 s to speak1 9 ! s\ls ( ^? :o believe 9 ,him4 ,if y look = ! mean+ common to all ^! manife/ations ( man's he>t1 :at d y f9d8 ,fe>1 hope1 ?anksgiv+1 pray]4 ,to :om is all ?is address$8 ,to a ,p[] intellig5t & free1 :i* kn[s u1 & is able to act ^u our de/9ies4 ,?is is ! idea :i* is f\nd at ! basis ( all religions2 n only ( ! religion ( ! only ,god1 b ( ! mo/ degrad$ =ms ( idolatr\s wor%ip4 ,all religion re/s ^u ! s5tim5t ( "o or m invisible ,p[]s1 sup]ior to nature & to humanity4 ,:5 philosophical curiosity is awak5$1 x dis5gages f ! g5]al s5tim5t ( p[] ! def9ite idea ( ! cause :i* becomes ! explanation ( ! ph5om5a4 ,! reason ( man1 by virtue ( its v con/itution1 f9ds a ne$ ( conceiv+ ( an absolute cause :i* escapes by its et]nity ! lapse ( "t1 & by its inf9ite "* ! b\nds ( limit$ exi/5ces2 a pr9ciple1 ! necess>y be+ ( :i* dep5ds on no o!r2 9 a ^w a unique cause1 e/abli%+ by its unity ! univ]sal h>mony4 ,s1 :5 reason meets ) ! idea ( ! sole & ,almighty ,creator1 x atta*es itself to x z ! only ?\ght :i* acc\nts to x = ! _w & = itself4 ,! ,creator is1 fir/ ( all1 ,he ^: glory ! heav5s decl>e1 :ile ! e>? makes kn[n ! "w ( ,8 h&s4 ,he is ! ,mighty ,"o & ! ,wise1 ^: w has giv5 be+ to nature1 & :o directs at once ! *orus ( />s 9 ! dep?s ( ! heav5s1 & ! drop ( vital moi/ure 9 ! h]b :i* we tread "u foot4 ,if1 aft] hav+ look$ ar\nd1 we turn our reg>d 9 ^u ourselves1 we !n discov] o!r heav5s1 spiritual heav5s1 9 :i* %9e1 l />s ( ! fir/ magnitude1 ^? objects :i* cause ! he>t ( man to beat1 s long z he is n self-degrad$3 tru?1 goodness1 beauty4 ,n[ we feel t we are made = ?is high] _w4 ,mat]ial enjoym5ts may en*a9 our w2 we may1 9 ! indulg5ce ( unwor?y passions1 pursue :at 9 its ess5ce is only evil1 error1 & de=mity2 b1 if all ! rays ( our true nature are n ext+ui%$1 a voice issues f ! dep? ( our s\ls & prote/s aga9/ our debasem5t4 ,our aspirations t[>d ^! spiritual excell5ces are unlimit$4 ,our ?\ght sets out on its c\rse3 h we solv$ "o "q8 imm$iately new que/ions arise1 :i* press1 no less ?an ! =m]1 = an answ]4 ,our consci5ce speaks3 h we come 9 a c]ta9 degree to realize :at is "r & good8 imm$iately consci5ce dem&s ( u /ill m4 ,is our feel+ = beauty awak5$8 ,well1 sirs1 :5 an arti/ is satisfi$ ) ! "w ( 8 h&s1 d y n "k at once :at to ?9k ( him8 ,d y n "k t t man w nev] d any ?+ great1 :o does n see %9+ 9 8 horizon an ideal :i* /amps z imp]fect all t he has be5 able to realize8 ,! voice :i* urges u on ?r\gh life f ! cradle to ! grave1 & :i*1 )\t all[+ u a mom5t's pause1 is ev] cry+--,=w>d6 =w>d6 ?is voice is n m imp]i\s ?an ! noble in/9ct :i*1 9 ! view ( beauty1 ( tru?1 ( good1 is also say+ to u--,=w>d6 =w>d6 &1 ) ! ,am]ican poet1 ,excelsior6 high]1 ev] high]6 ,_m ( y "k t in/9ct famili> to ! climb]s ( ! ,alps1#b z !y are call$1 :o1 arriv$ at "o summit1 h no re/ s long z !re rema9s a l(ti] height 9 view4 ,su* is our de/9y2 b ! la/ peak is veil$ 9 %9+ cl\ds :i* conceal x f our sight4 ,p]fection1--?is is ! po9t to :i* our nature aspires2 b x is ! ladd] ( ,jacob3 we see ! foot :i* re/s ^u ! e>?2 ! summit hides itself f our feeble view amid/ ! spl5dors ( ! inf9ite4 ,^! objects ( our highe/ desires--beauty 9 its supreme manife/ation1 absolute hol9ess1 inf9ite tru?--are unit$ 9 "o & ! same ?\ght--,god6 ,! attributes ( ! spiritual are nev] 9 u b z borr[$ attributes2 !y dwell naturally 9 ,him :o is _! s\rce4 ,god is ! tru?1 n only because ,he kn[s all ?+s1 b because ,he is ! v object ( our ?\ghts2 because1 :5 we /udy ! univ]se1 we d b spell out "s few ( ! laws :i* ,he has impos$ on ?+s2 because1 to "k tru? is nev] any ?+ else ?an to "k ! creation or ! ,creator1 ! _w or its et]nal ,cause4 ,god x is :o mu/ be ,himself ! satisfaction ( t crav+ ( ! consci5ce :i* urges u t[>ds hol9ess4 ,if we _h arriv$ at ! highe/ degree ( virtue1 :at %\ld we h done8 ,we %\ld h realiz$ ! plan :i* ,he has propos$ to spiritual creatures 9 _! fre$om1 at ! same "t t ,he is direct+ ! />s 9 _! c\rses by t o!r ^w :i* !y accompli% )\t hav+ he>d x4 ,god is ! et]nal s\rce ( beauty4 ,he x is :o has %$ grace ^u our valleys1 & maje/y ^u our m\nta9s2 & ,he1 aga91 x is 7,i quote ,/4 ,augu/9e7 :o acts )9 ! s\ls ( arti/s1 ^? great arti/s1 :o1 urg$ unceas+ly t[>ds ! regions ( ! ideal1 feel !mselves drawn onw>ds t[>ds a div9e _w4 ,god !n above all is ,he :o is1--! ,absolute1 ! ,inf9ite1 ! ,et]nal1--9 ! ev] my/]i\s dep?s ( ,8 own ess5ce4 ,9 ,8 relation to ! _w1 ,he is ! cause2 9 ,8 relation to ! l(ty aspirations ( ! s\l1 ,he is ! ideal4 ,he is ! ideal1 because be+ ! absolute cause1 ,he is ! unique s\rce1 at ! same "t t ,he is ! object1 ( our aspirations3 ,he is ! absolute cause1 because be+ ,he :o is1 9 ,8 supreme unity1 no?+ c\ld h exi/5ce except by ! act ( ,8 p[]4 ,we are able already to recognize "h1 9 pass+1 ! s\rce at :i* are f$ ! mo/ s]i\s ab]rations ( religi\s ?\ght4 ,are tru?1 hol9ess1 beauty consid]$ sep>ately f ! real & inf9ite ,_s 9 :i* is f\nd _! reason = exi/+8 ,we see ?us appe> philosophies noble 9 _! comm5cem5t1 b :i* soon desc5d a fatal slope4 ,! div9e1 s-call$1 is spok5 ( /ill2 b ! div9e is an ab/raction1 & ap>t f ,god has no real exi/5ce4 ,if tru?1 beauty1 hol9ess are n ! attributes ( an et]nal m9d1 b ! simple expression ( ! t5d5cies ( our s\l1 man may r5d] at fir/ a sort ( wor%ip to ^! l(ty manife/ations ( 8 own nature2 b logic1 inexorable logic1 =ces him soon to dismiss ! div9e to ! region ( *im]as4 ,^! rays are ext+ui%$ toge!r ) _! lum9\s c5tre2 ! s\l loses ! secret ( its de/9ies1 &1 9 ! measureless grief :i* possesses x1 x proclaims at l5g? t all is vanity4 ,we %all h1 9 ! sequel1 to be witnesses toge!r ( ?is sorr[ful spectacle4 ,su* is ! basis ( our idea ( ,god3 we mu/ n[ discov] its summit4 ,be=e ! ?\ght ( ?is ,sov]eign ,be+1 by ^: ,w are all ?+s1 & :o is )\t cause & )\t beg9n+1 our s\l is ov]:elm$4 ,we are s feeble6 ! ?\ght ( absolute p[] cru%es u4 ,creatures ( a day1 h[ %\ld we und]/& ! ,et]nal8 ,frail z we are1 & evil1 we tremble at ! idea ( hol9ess4 ,b mild] acc5ts1 z y "k1 h be5 he>d ^u ! e>?3 ,?is ,sov]eign ,god--,he loves u4 ,9 proportion z ?is idea ga9s possession ( our und]/&+1 9 ! same proportion our s\l has glimpses ( ! pa?s ( peace4 ,he loves u1 & we take c\rage4 ,he he>s u1 & pray] rises to ,him ) ! hope ( be+ he>d4 ,he gov]ns all1 & we confide 9 ,8 ,provid5ce4 ,:5 y\r gaze is direct$ t[>ds ! dep?s ( ! sky1 does x nev] happ5 to y to rema9 9 a mann] t]rifi$1 z y contemplate ^? worlds :i* )\t end are add$ to o!r worlds8 ,z y fix y\r ?\ghts ^u ! immeasurable abysses ( ! firmam5t1--z y say to y\rselves t h[ f> soev] y put back ! b\nd>y ( ! skies1 if ! univ]se end$ !re1 !n ! univ]se1 ) its suns & its gr\ps ( />s1 w\ld /ill be b a solit>y lamp1 %9+ z a po9t 9 ! mid/ ( ! limitless d>kness1--h y nev] exp]i5c$ a sort ( my/]i\s fright & gidd9ess8 ,at su* a "t turn y\r eyes ^u ne>] objects4 ,he :o has made ! heav5s ) _! imm5sity1 is ,he :o makes ! corn to spr+ =? = y\r su/5ance1 :o clo!s ! fields ) ! fl[]s :i* rejoice y\r sight1 :o gives y ! fre% brea? ( morn+1 & ! calm ( a lovely ev5+3 x is ,he1 )\t ^: p]mission no?+ occurs1 :o wat*es ov] y & ov] ^? y love4 ,possess y\rselves ?or\ghly ) ?is ?\ght ( love1 !n lift once m y\r eyes to ! sky1 & f e />1 & f ! worlds :i* are lo/ 9 ! fur!/ dep?s ( space1 %all fall ^u y\r br[1 no long] cl\d$1 a ray ( love & ( peace4 ,!n ) a feel+ ( sweet affiance y w adopt z y\r own ^? words ( an anci5t prophet3 ,:i!r %all ,i g f ,?y ,_s1 or :i!r %all ,i flee f ,?y ,pres5ce8 ,if ,i asc5d up into heav51 ,?\ art !re3 if ,i make my b$ 9 hell1 behold1 ,?\ art !re4 ,if ,i take ! w+s ( ! morn+1 & dwell 9 ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! sea2 ev5 !re %all ,?y h& lead me1 & ,?y "r h& %all hold me3#c !n y w und]/& ^? gr& & sweet words ( ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 "s ( ! mo/ beautiful t ev] fell f ! lips ( a man3 ,are y afraid ( ,god8 ,run to ,8 arms6 ,?us our idea ( ,god is complet$1--! idea ( ,him :om1 9 a feel+ ( filial confid5ce1 we "n ! ,fa!r1 & :om we call ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 :ile we adore t absolute hol9ess1 ( :i* ! pure brightness ( ! firmam5t is = u ! visible & magnific5t symbol4 ,goodness is ! secret ( ! univ]se2 goodness x is :i* has direct$ p[]1 & plac$ wisdom at its s]vice4 ,my object is n to tea* ?is idea1 b to def5d x3 x is n1 ,i say1 to tea* x1 = we all possess x4 ,!re is no "o "h :o has n receiv$ 8 portion ( ! sacr$ deposit4 ,?is sacr$ idea may be veil$ by our sorr[s1 p]v]t$ by our errors1 obscur$ by our faults2 b1 h[ev] ?ick be ! lay] ( a%es heap$ toge!r 9 ! dep? ( our s\ls--look closely3 ! sacr$ sp>k is n ext+ui%$1 & a favorable brea? may /ill rek9dle ! flame4 ,we h consid]$ ! ess5tial elem5ts ( :i* our idea ( ,god is compos$4 ,& :5ce comes ?is idea8 ,:at is its hi/orical orig98 ,i d n ask :at is ! hi/orical orig9 ( religion1 = religion does n take its rise 9 hi/ory2 x is met ) ev]y:]e & always 9 humanity4 ,^? :o d5y ?is are compell$ to se>* 9 ! d>kness = "s obscure example kn[n only to !mselves1 z if all natural incl9ations 7 de/roy$ by ! corruption ( a p1 & z if1 z soon z !re are any mon/]s1 ! species 7 no long] any ?+4#d ,! consci\sness ( a _w sup]ior to ! doma9 ( exp]i5ce is "o ( ! attributes *>act]i/ic ( our nature4 ,if !re _h ev] be51 or if !re /ill any:]e exi/$1 a p entirely de/itute ( religion1 x w\ld be 9 consequ5ce ( an exceptional d[nfall :i* w\ld be tantam\nt to a lapse into animality4#e ,i am n !re=e inquir+ aft] ! orig9 ( ! idea & s5tim5t ( ! ,deity1 9 a g5]al s5se1 b aft] ! orig9 ( ! idea ( ! only & ,almighty ,creator z we possess x4 ,9 fact1 if religion is univ]sal1 di/9ct k ( ! ,creator is n s4 ,our own pa/ /rikes its roots into ! hi/oric soil :i*1 9 ! matt] ( cre$s1 is kn[n by ! "n ( paganism or idolatry4 ,at fir/ sight :at d we f9d 9 ! op9ions ( t anci5t _w8 ,no trace ( ! div9e unity4 ,adoration is disp]s$ ov] a ?\s& diff]5t be+s4 ,n only are ! heav5ly bodies ador$ & ! p[]s ( nature1 b m51 animals1 & inanimate objects4 ,! feel+ ( ! hol9ess ( ,god is n less want+1 x w\ld seem1 ?an ! idea ( ,8 unity4 ,religion s]ves z a pretext = ! un*a9+ ( human passions4 ,?is is ! case un=tunately ) religion 9 g5]al1 & ! true religion is no exception to ! rule3 b :at *>act]izes paganism is t 9 its case religion1 by its own prop] nature1 favors ! developm5t ( immorality4 ,celebrat$ %r9es become ! d5s ( a pro/itution :i* =ms "p ( ! homage r5d]$ to ! gods2 ! religi\s rites ( anci5t ,asia1 & ^? ( ,greece :i* fell "u _! influ5ce1 are notori\s = _! lewdness4 ,! temples ( false deities1 too (t5 defil$ by debau*]y1 are too (t5 also di%onor$ by frightful sacrifices4 ,! anci5t civilization ( ,mexico 0 elegant & ev5 ref9$ 9 "s respects2 b ! alt>s 7 /a9$1 e ye>1 ) ! blood ( ?\s&s ( human be+s2 & ! vot>ies ( ?is sangu9>y wor%ip dev\r$1 9 solemn banquets1 ! quiv]+ limbs ( ! victims4 ,let u n look = examples too f> remov$ f ! civilization :i* has produc$ our own4 ,9 ! ,greek & ,roman _w1 ! /ories ( ! gods 7 n v edify+1 z e "o kn[s3 ! wor%ip ( ,bac*us gave no enc\ragem5t to temp]ance1 & ! fe/ivals ( ,v5us 7 n a s*ool ( *a/ity4 ,x w\ld be easy1 by br++ toge!r facts ( ?is sort1 to =m a picture full ( sombre color+1 & to conclude t our idea ( ,god1 ! idea ( ! only & holy ,god1 does n proce$ f ! impure s\rces ( idolatry4 ,! proce$+ w\ld be brief & conv5i5t2 b su* an e/imation ( ! facts1 false because incomplete1 w\ld de/roy ! value ( ! conclusion4 ,9 pagan antiquity1 9 fact1 ! abom9ations ( :i* ,i h j rem9d$ y did n by !mselves make up religi\s tradition4 ,side by side ) a curr5t ( d>kness & impurity1 we meet ) a curr5t ( pure ideas & ( /rong gleams ( ! day4 ,almo/ all ! pagans seem to h _h a glimpse ( ! ,div9e unity ov] ! multiplicity ( _! idols1 & ( ! rays ( ! ,div9e hol9ess across ! saturnalia ( _! ,olympi4 ,x 0 a ,greek :o wrote ^! words3 ,no?+ is accompli%$ on ! e>? )\t ,!e1 ,o ,god1 save ! de$s :i* ! wick$ p]petrate 9 _! folly4#f ,x 0 9 a !atre at ,a!ns t ! *orus ( a trag$y sang1 m ?an two ?\s& ye>s ago3 ,may de/9y aid me to pres]ve unsulli$ ! purity ( my words & ( all my actions1 accord+ to ^? sublime laws :i*1 br\ght =? 9 ! cele/ial heights1 h ,heav5 alone = _! fa!r1 to :i* ! race ( mortal m5 did n give bir?1 & :i* oblivion %all nev] entomb4 ,9 !m is a supreme ,god1 & "o :o waxes n old4#g ,x w\ld be easy to multiply quotations ( ?is ord]1 & to %[ y 9 ! docum5ts ( ,grecian & ,roman civilization num]\s traces ( ! k ( ! only & holy ,god4 ,li/5 n[ to a voice :i* has come =? actually f ! recesses ( ! sepul*re3 x rea*es u f anci5t ,egypt4 ,9 ,egypt1 z y "k1 ! degradation ( ! religi\s idea 0 9 popul> practice complete4 ,b1 "u ! confus$ acc5ts ( sup]/ition1 ! sci5ce ( our age is succe$+ 9 cat*+ f af> ! vibrations ( a sublime utt]ance4 ,9 ! c(f9s ( a l>ge numb] ( mummies h be5 discov]$ rolls ( papyrus conta9+ a sacr$ text :i* is call$ ! ,book ( ! ,dead4 ,"h is ! translation ( "s fragm5ts :i* appe> to date f a v remote epo*4 ,x is ,god :o speaks3 ,i am ! ,mo/ ,holy1 ! ,creator ( all t repl5i%es ! e>?1 & ( ! e>? itself1 ! habitation ( mortals4 ,i am ! ,pr9ce ( ! inf9ite ages4 ,i am ! great & mighty ,god1 ! ,mo/ ,high1 %9+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! c>e]+ />s & ( ! armies :i* praise me above ?y head4444 ,x is ,i :o *a/ise & :o judge ! evil-do]s1 & ! p]secutors ( godly m54 ,i discov] & conf\nd ! li>s4444 ,i am ! all-see+ ,judge & ,av5g] 444 ! gu>dian ( my laws 9 ! l& ( righte\sness4#h ,^! words are f\nd m+l$1 9 ! text f :i* ,i extract !m1 ) allusions to inf]ior deities2 & x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ! translation ( ! anci5t docum5ts ( ,egypt is /ill unc]ta9 en\gh4 ,/ill ?is unc]ta9ty does n appe> to ext5d to ! g5]al s5se & be>+ ( ! rec5t discov]ies ( our savants4 ,myself a simple le>n] f ! ma/]s ( ! sci5ce1 ,i c only po9t out to y ! result ( _! /udies4 ,n[1 ?is is :at ! ma/]s tell u z to ! actual /ate ( my?ological /udies4 ,traces are f\nd almo/ ev]y:]e1 9 ! mid/ ( idolatr\s sup]/itions1 ( a religion comp>atively pure1 & (t5 /amp$ ) a l(ty morality4 ,paganism is n a simple fact3 x (f]s to view 9 ! same b$ two curr5ts1 ! "o pure & ! o!r impure4 ,:at is ! relation betwe5 ^! two curr5ts8 ,a passage 9 a writ] ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur* ?r[s a vivid light ^u _! actual relation 9 practical life4 ,x is ?us t ,lactantius expresses himself3 ,:5 man 7! pagan7 f9ds himself 9 adv]sity1 !n x is t he has rec\rse to ,god 7to ! only ,god74 ,if ! horrors ( w> ?reat5 him1 if !re appe> a contagi\s disease1 a dr\ght1 a tempe/1 !n he has rec\rse to ,god4444 ,if he is ov]tak5 by a /orm at sea1 & is 9 dang] ( p]i%+1 imm$iately he calls ^u ,god2 if he f9ds himself 9 any urg5t p]il1 he has rec\rse to ,god4444 ,?us m5 be?9k !mselves ( ,god :5 !y are 9 tr\ble2 b z soon z ! dang] is pa/1 & !y are no long] 9 any fe>1 we see !m return ) joy to ! temples ( ! false gods1 make to !m libations1 & (f] sacrifices to !m4#i ,?is is a /rik+ picture ( ! work+s ( man's he>t 9 all ages2 =1 z our au?or obs]ves1 ,god is nev] s mu* =gott5 ( m5 z :5 !y are quietly enjoy+ ! favors & bless+s :i* ,he s5ds !m4#aj ,z reg>ds our special object1 ?is page reveals 9 a v in/ructive mann] ! religi\s condition ( hea!n antiquity4 ,! ?\ght ( ! sov]eign ,god 0 /ifl$ )\t be+ ext+ui%$2 x awoke b5ea? ! pressure ( angui%2 b ord9>y life1 ! life ( e day1 belong$ to ! easy wor%ip ( idols4 ,x may n[ be ask$ :at is ! hi/orical relation betwe5 ! two curr5ts ( paganism ( :i* we h j e/abli%$ ! actual relation 9 practical life4 ,did humanity beg9 ) a co>se feti*ism1 & !nce rise by sl[ degrees to high] conceptions8 ,d ! traces ( a comp>atively pure mono!ism fir/ %[ !mselves 9 ! mo/ rec5t p]iods ( idolatry8 ,contempor>y sci5ce incl9es m & m to answ] 9 ! negative4 ,x is 9 ! mo/ anci5t hi/orical gr\nd 7all[ me ^! geological t]ms7 t ! labori\s inve/igators ( ! pa/ meet ) ! mo/ elevat$ ideas ( religion4 ,cut to ! gr\nd a "y & vigor\s bee*-tree1 & come back a few ye>s aft]w>ds3 9 place ( ! tree cut d[n y w f9d coppice-wood2 ! sap :i* n\ri%$ a s+le trunk has be5 divid$ among/ a multitude ( %oots4 ,?is comp>ison expresses well en\gh ! op9ion :i* t5ds to prevail among/ our savants on ! subject ( ! hi/orical developm5t ( religions4 ,! idea ( ! only ,god is at ! root1--x is primitive2 poly!ism is d]ivative4 ,a =gott51 & z x 7 slumb]+1 mono!ism exi/s b5ea? ! wor%ip ( idols2 x is ! conceal$ trunk :i* supports !m1 b ! idols h absorb$ all ! sap4 ,! anci5t ,god 7all[ me once m a comp>ison7 is l a sov]eign conf9$ 9 ! int]ior ( 8 palace3 he is b seldom ?\ght (1 & only on great occasions2 8 m9i/]s alone act1 ent]ta9 reque/s1 & receive ! real homage4 ,! proposition ( ! hi/orical priority ( mono!ism is v important1 & is n univ]sally admitt$4 ,x w !re=e be necess>y to %[ y1 by a few quotations at lea/1 t ,i am n speak+ ra%ly4 ,"o ( ! mo/ accr$it$ my?ologi/s ( our "t1 ,pr(essor ,grimm1 ( ,b]l91 writes z foll[s3 ,! mono!i/ic =m appe>s to be ! m anci5t1 & t out ( :i* antiquity 9 its infancy =m$ poly!ism4444 ,all my?ologies lead u to ?is conclusion4#aa ,among ! ,fr5* savants devot$ to ! /udy ( anci5t ,egypt1 ! ,vicomte de ,rong /&s 9 ! =emo/ rank4 ,?is is :at he tells u3 ,9 ,egypt ! supreme ,god 0 call$ ! "o ,god1 liv+ inde$1 ,he :o made all t exi/s1 :o creat$ o!r be+s4 ,he is ! ,g5]ator exi/+ alone :o made ! heav5 & creat$ ! e>?4 ,! writ] in=ms u t ^! ideas are (t5 f\nd reproduc$ 9 writ+s ! date ( :i* is ant]ior to ,moses1 & _m ( :i* =m$ "p ( ! mo/ anci5t sacr$ hymns2 !n he comes to ?is conclusion3 ,egypt1 9 possession ( an admirable fund ( doctr9es respect+ ! ess5ce ( ,god1 & ! immortality ( ! s\l1 did n = all t defile h]self ! less by ! mo/ degrad+ sup]/itions2 we h 9 h]1 suffici5tly summ$ up1 ! religi\s hi/ory ( all antiquity4#ab ,z reg>ds ! civilization :i* fl\ri%$ 9 ,india1 ,m4 ,adolphe ,pictet1 9 8 le>n$ rese>*es on ! subject ( ! primitive ,aryas1 arrives1 9 :at conc]ns ! religi\s idea1 at ! foll[+ conclusion3 ,to sum up3 primitive mono!ism ( a "* m or less vague1 pass+ gradually into a poly!ism /ill simple1 su* appe>s to h be5 ! religion ( ! anci5t ,aryas4#ac ,"o ( our fell[-c\ntrym51 :o cultivates ) equal mode/y & p]sev]ance ! /udy ( religi\s antiquities1 has procur$ ! great] "p ( ! rec5t works publi%$ on ^! subjects 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,engl&4 ,he has read !m1 p5 9 h&1 &1 at my urg5t reque/1 he has k9dly all[$ me to look ov] 8 notes :i* h be5 long accumulat+4 ,i f9d ! foll[+ s5t5ce 9 ! manuscripts :i* he has %[n me3 ,! g5]al impression ( all ! mo/ di/+ui%$ my?ologi/s ( ! pres5t day is1 t mono!ism is at ! f\ndation ( all pagan my?ology4 ,! savants1 ,i repeat1 d n unanim\sly accept ^! conclusions3 savants1 l o!r m51 are r>ely unanim\s4 ,x is en\gh = my purpose to h %[n t x is n m]ely ! gr& tradition gu>ante$ by ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 b also ! mo/ di/9ctly m>k$ curr5t ( contempor>y sci5ce1 :i* tells u t ,god %one ^u ! cradle ( our species4 ,! augu/ ,=m 0 veil$1 & idolatry ) its tra9 ( %ameful rites %[s itself 9 hi/ory z ! result ( a fall :i* calls = a re/oration1 r ?an z ! po9t ( dep>ture ( a cont9u$ progress4 ,! augu/ ,=m 0 veil$4 ,:o has lift$ ! veil8 ,n ! prie/s ( ! idols4 ,we meet 9 ! hi/ory ( paganism ) movem5ts ( re=mation1 or1 at ! v lea/1 ( religi\s trans=mation3 ,buddhism is a memorable example ( ?is2 b x is n a return t[>ds ! pure traditions ( ,india or ( ,egypt :i* has caus$ u to "k ! ,god :om we adore4 ,has ! veil be5 lift$ by reflection1 t is to say by ! labors ( philosoph]s8 ,philosophy has r5d]$ spl5did s]vices to ! _w4 ,x has combat$ ! abom9ations ( idolatry2 x has recogniz$ 9 nature ! pro(s ( an intellig5t design2 x has disc]n$ 9 ! reason ! deeply felt ne$ ( unity2 x has indicat$ 9 ! consci5ce ! s5se ( good1 & %[n its *>act]i/ics2 x has contemplat$ ! radiant image ( ! supreme beauty--/ill x is n philosophy :i* has re/or$ = humanity ! idea ( ,god4 ,its lights m+l$ ) d>kness rema9$ widely scatt]$1 & )\t any focus p[]ful en\gh to give !m /r5g? = enlight5+ ! _w4 ,to seek ,god1 & consequ5tly to "k ,him already 9 a c]ta9 measure2 b to rema9 always be=e ! alt> ( a ,god glimps$ only by an lite ( sages1 & cont9u+ = ! multitudes ! unkn[n ,god3 su* 0 ! wisdom ( ! anci5ts4 ,x prep>$ ! soil2 b x did n deposit 9 x ! g]m f :i* ! idea ( ! ,creator 0 to spr+ =? liv+ & /rong1 to ov]%ad[ ) its bran*es all ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,& :5 ?is idea appe>$ 9 all its spl5dor1 & began ! conque/ ( ! univ]se1 ! anci5t philosophy1 :i* _h sep>at$ itself f hea!n =ms ( wor%ip1 & _h cov]$ !m ) its contempt1 contract$ an alliance ) its old adv]s>ies4 ,x accept$ ! wilde/ int]pretations ( ! common sup]/itions1 9 ord] to be able to league itself ) ! cr[d 9 "o & ! same conflict ) ! new p[] :i* _h j appe>$ 9 ! _w4 ,& ?is sums up 9 brief compass ! :ole hi/ory ( philosophy 9 ! fir/ p]iod ( our era4 ,! mono!ism ( ! mod]ns does n proce$ hi/orically f paganism2 x 0 prep>$ by ! anci5t philosophy1 )\t be+ produc$ by x4 ,:5ce comes x !n8 ,on ?is head !re exi/s no s]i\s diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,our k ( ,god is ! result ( a traditional idea1 h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation 9 a well-def9$ curr5t ( hi/ory4 ,mu* obscurity /ill re/s ^u man's e>lie/ religi\s hi/ory1 b ! tru? :i* ,i am po9t+ out to y is solidly & cle>ly e/abli%$4 ,pass1 9 ?\ght1 ov] ! t]re/rial globe4 ,all ! sup]/itions ( :i* hi/ory pres]ves ! remembrance are practis$ at ?is day1 ei!r 9 ,asia or 9 ,africa1 or 9 ! isles ( ! ,ocean4 ,! mo/ ridicul\s & f]oci\s rites are practis$ /ill 9 ! light ( ! same sun :i* gilds1 z he sets1 ! spires & domes ( our *ur*es4 ,at ?is v day1 !re are nations ^u ! e>? :i* pro/rate !mselves be=e animals1 or :i* adore sacr$ trees4 ,at ?is v day1 p]haps at ?is h\r 9 :i* ,i am address+ y1 human victims are b\nd by ! prie/s ( idols2 be=e y h left ?is room1 _! blood w h defil$ ! alt>s ( false deities4 ,at ?is v day1 num]\s nations1 :i* h nei!r want$ "t = self-developm5t1 nor any ( ! res\rces ( civilization1 nor clev] poets1 nor pr(\nd philosoph]s1 belong to ! religion ( ! ,brahm9s1 or are in/ruct$ 9 ! leg5ds :i* s]ve z a mask to ! p]nici\s doctr9es ( ,buddha4 ,:]e d we meet ) ! cle> idea ( ! ,creator8 ,9 a unique tradition :i* proce$s f ! ,jews1 :i* ,*ri/ians h diffus$1 & :i* ,mahomet corrupt$4 ,god is kn[n1 ) t solid & g5]al k :i* f\nds a settl$ doctr9e & a =m ( wor%ip1 "u ! influ5ce ( ?is tradition & n[h]e else4 ,we ass]t ?is z a simple fact ( contempor>y hi/ory2 & !re is sc>cely any fact 9 hi/ory bett] e/abli%$4 ,! light comes to u f ! ,gospel4 ,?is light did n appe> z a sudd5 & absolutely new illum9ation4 ,x _h ca/ pale gleams on ! s\l ( ! hea!n 9 _! se>* aft] ! unkn[n ,god2 x _h %one ap>t ^u t /range & glori\s p :i* be>s ! "n ( ,israel4 ,israel _h pres]v$ ! primitive light encompass$ by tempor>y safe-gu>ds4 ,x 0 ! flame ( a lamp1 too feeble to live 9 ! op5 air1 & :i* rema9$ %ut up 9 a vase1 until ! mom5t :5 x %\ld h become /rong en\gh to %9e =? f its %att]$ envelope ^u ! _w4 ,! wor%ip ( ,jehovah is a local wor%ip2 b ?is wor%ip1 localiz$ = a "t1 is address$ to ! only & sov]eign ,god4 ,to e nation :i* says to ,israel z ,a?aliah to ,joa%3 ,i h my ,god to s]ve--s]ve ?\ ?9e own1#ad ,israel replies ) ,joa%3 ,nay1 ,madam1 b my ,god is ,god alone2 ,him mu/ ?\ fe>3 ?y ,god is n\ght--a dream6#ae ,israel does n affirm m]ely t ! ,god ( ,israel is ! only true ,god1 b affirms moreov] t ! "t w come :5 all ! e>? w ackn[l$ge ,him = ! only & univ]sal ,"l4 ,a gr& ?\ght1 a gr& hope1 is 9 ! s\l ( ?is p1 & assures x t all nations %all "o day look to ,j]usalem4 ,its prophets ?reat51 w>n1 d5\nce *a/isem5ts1 pr$ict t]rible cata/rophes2 b 9 ! mid/ ( _! sev]] utt]ances breaks =? ev] & aga9 ! song ( future triumph3 ,uplift1 ,j]usalem1 ?y que5ly br[3 ,light ( ! nations1 & _! glory1 ?\6#af ,?us is pres]v$ 9 ! anci5t _w ! k ( ,god among/ an exceptional p1 amid/ ! d>kness ( idolatry & ! glimm]+s ( an imp]fect wisdom4 ,& n only is x pres]v$1 b x %9es ) a brightness m & m vivid & pure4 ,! conception ( sov]eignty :i* con/itutes its f\ndation1 is cr[n$ z x advances by ! conception ( love4 ,at l5g? ,he appe>s by :om ! univ]sal ,fa!r 0 to be kn[n ( all4 ,h y n rem>k$ ! surpris+ simplicity ) :i* ,jesus speaks ( ,8 "w8 ,he speaks ( ! univ]se & ( ! future z a lawful proprietor speaks ( 8 prop]ty4 ,! field 9 :i* ! ,^w %all be s[n is ! _w4 ,he introduces t wor%ip 9 _s & 9 tru? be=e :i* all b>ri]s %all fall4 ,he kn[s t humanity belongs to ,him2 & :5 ,he =etells ,8 peaceful conque/1 "o kn[s n :i* pr$om9ates 9 ,8 words1 simplicity or gr&eur4 ,n[ ?is pr$ict$ "w has be5 done1 is be+ done1 & w be done4 ,no "o ent]ta9s any s]i\s d\bt ( ?is4 ,! idea ( ,god1 z x exi/s among/ ,*ri/ian peoples1 be>s on its br[ ! c]ta9 sign ( victory4 ,9 _m respects1 we are pass+ ?r\gh ! _w 9 times :i* are n extraord9>y1 & among ?+s little wor?y ( la/+ record4 ,/ill great ev5ts are be+ accompli%$ be=e our eyes4 ,! anci5t ,ea/ is %ak5 to its f\ndations4 ,! "w ( =eign missions is tak5 up aga9 ) fre% en]gy4 ,%ips1 z !y leave ! %ores ( ,europe1 c>ry ) !m1--toge!r ) ^? :o travel = purposes ( comm]ce1 or f curiosity1 or z soldi]s1--^? new crusad]s :o exclaim3 ,god wills x6 & are ready to m>* to _! dea? 9 ord] to proclaim ! ,god ( life to nations plung$ 9 d>kness4 ,! advances ( indu/ry1 ! developm5ts ( comm]ce1 ! calculations ( ambition1 all conspire to diffuse spiritual light ov] ! globe4 ,^! are noble spectacles1 reveal+ cle>ly ! traces ( a sup]ior design1 :i* ! mighty ( ?is _w are accompli%+1 ev5 by ! craft & viol5ce ( _! policy3 !y are ! manife/ in/rum5ts ( a ,w to :i* (t5times !y are ins5sible4 ,! k ( ,god is ext5d+2 & :ile x is ext5d+1 x is enri*+ itself ) its own conque/s4 ,j z x absorb$ ! liv+ sap ( ! doctr9es ( ! ,greeks1 s x is /r5g!n+ itself ) ! doctr9es ( ! anci5t ,ea/ & ( old ,egypt1 :i* an indefatigable sci5ce is br++ aga9 to light4 ,*ri/ian ?\ght is gr[+1 n by receiv+ any =eign impulse f )\t1 b l a vigor\s tree1 ^: roots trav]se new lay]s ( a f]tile soil4 ,all tru? comes naturally to ! c5tre ( tru? z to its rally+-po9t2 & to ! univ]sal pray] mu/ be ga!r$ all ! pure acc5ts gone a/ray 9 ! sup]/iti\s invocations :i* rise f ! banks ( ! ,ganges or f ! burn+ regions ( ,africa4 ,! day w come1 :5 our planet1 9 its revolutions ab\t ! sun1 %all receive on no po9t ( its surface ! rays ( ! orb ( day1 )\t s5d+ back1 ov] ! ru9s ( idol-temples = ev] ov]?r[n1 a song ( ?anksgiv+ to ! ,god ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 become ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ ! ,god ( all mank9d4 ,we "k n[ :5ce comes our idea ( ,god3 x is ,*ri/ian 9 its orig94 ,x proce$s f ?is s\rce1 n only = ^? :o call !mselves ,*ri/ians1 b = all ^? :o1 9 ! bosom ( mod]n society1 believe s9c]ely & s]i\sly 9 ,god4 ,b little /udy & reflection is requir$ = ! ackn[l$gm5t t ! doctr9es ( our dei/s are ! product ( a reason :i* has be5 evangeliz$ )\t _! own k4 ,!y h n inv5t$1 b h receiv$ ! ?\ght1 :i* con/itutes ! support ( _! life4 ,a m9d ( ord9>y cultivation is free h5ce=w>d f all dang] ( fall+ into ! artless error ( ,j4,j4 ,r\sseau1 :5 he pret5d$ t ev5 ?\gh he _h be5 born 9 a des]t isl& & _h nev] kn[n a human be+1 he w\ld h be5 able to draw up ! confession ( fai? ( ! ,vicaire ,savoy>d4 ,! habit ( hi/orical rese>* has dispell$ ^! illusions4 ,a ,fr5* writ]1 di/+ui%$ = solid erudition1 wrote n long ago3 ,! civiliz$ _w has receiv$ f ,judea ! f\ndations ( its fai?4 ,x has le>n$ ( x ^! two ?+s :i* pagan antiquity nev] knew--hol9ess & *>ity2 = all hol9ess is d]iv$ f belief 9 a p]sonal1 spiritual ,god1 ,creator ( ! univ]se2 & all *>ity f ! doctr9e ( human bro!rhood6#ag ,religion1 9 its mo/ g5]al s5se1 is f\nd :]ev] !re are m52 b di/9ct k ( ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r is ! fruit ( t ^w :i* comes to u f ! bord]s ( ! ,jordan1--a ^w 9 :i* all ! true elem5ts ( anci5t wisdom are f\nd to h mutually drawn toge!r1 & /r5g!n$ ea* o!r4 ,9 ! v he>t ( our civilization1 ^? m5 ( m9d :o succe$ 9 free+ !mselves 9 good e>ne/ f ! influ5ce ( ?is ^w come1 (t5] ?an n1 to ?r[ (f all belief 9 ! real & true ,god1 if !y h /r5g? ( m9d en\gh prop]ly to und]/& !mselves4 ,h[ is x t ! full idea ( ! ,creator1--an idea :i* true philosoph]s h s\ght aft] 9 all p]iods ( hi/ory1 & ( :i* !y h _h1 s to speak1 glimpses & pres5tim5ts1--h[ is x t ?is idea is a liv+ "o only "u ! influ5ce ( ! tradition :i*1 proce$+ orig9ally f ,abraham & ,moses1 has be5 cont9u$ by ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,x is n impossible to po9t out ! spiritual causes ( ?is great hi/orical ph5om5on4 ,fai? 9 ,god1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 itself 9 pres5ce ( ! difficulties :i* rise 9 our m9ds1 &--to come at once to ! core ( ! "q--! idea ( ! love ( ,god1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 itself 9 pres5ce ( evil & ( ! p[] ( evil on ! e>?1 has ne$ ( res\rces :i* ! ,*ri/ian belief alone possesses4 ,! k ( ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r is ess5tially connect$ ) ! ,gospel3 ?is is ! hi/orical fact4 ,?is fact is acc\nt$ = by ! exi/5ce ( an organic bond betwe5 all ! great ,*ri/ian doctr9es3 ?is is my delib]ate conviction4 ,i frankly decl>e "h my own op9ions3 to d s is = me a matt] almo/ ( honor & good fai?2 b ,i decl>e !m1 )\t desir+ to lay any /ress ^u !m 9 ^! lectures4 ,my pres5t object is to consid] ! idea ( ,god by itself4 ,i isolate x = my own purposes f ,*ri/ian tru? tak5 z a :ole1 b )\t mak+ ! sep>ation 9 my ?\ghts4 ,! !sis :i* ,i propose to ma9ta9 is common to all ,*ri/ians1 t is q cle>2 b fur!r2 9 a p]fectly g5]al s5se1 & 9 a m]ely ab/ract po9t ( view1 x is a proposition ma9ta9$ equally by ! disciples ( ,mahomet2 x is ma9ta9$ by ,j4,j4 ,r\sseau & ! spirituali/ philosoph]s :o reproduce 8 ?\ghts4 ,x is cle> 9 fact t j z ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! corn]-/one ( all ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 s ,god is ! f\ndation common to all religions4 ,be=e conclud+ ?is lecture ,i desire to answ] a "q :i* may h sugge/$ itself to "s among/ y4 ,:at are we ab\t :5 we take up a ,*ri/ian idea 9 ord] to def5d x by reason+8 ,are we occupi$ ab\t religion or philosophy8 ,are we tread+ ^u ! gr\nd ( fai?1 or on ! gr\nd ( reason8 ,are we 9 ! doma9 ( tradition1 or 9 t ( free inquiry8 ,i h no great love1 ,g5tlem51 = h$ges & enclosures4 ,i "k v well1 bett]1 p]haps1 ?an _m among/ y1 because ,i h long] reflect$ on ! subject1 :at are ! diff]5ces :i* sep>ate /udies specially religi\s1 f philosophical inquiries4 ,b :5 ! "q relates to ,god1 to ! univ]sal cause1 we f9d ourselves at ! common root ( religion & philosophy1 & di/9ctions1 :i* exi/ else:]e1 disappe>4 ,besides1 ^! di/9ctions are nev] s absolute z !y are ?\ght to be4 ,y w und]/& ?is if y pay att5tion to ^! two consid]ations3 !re is no su* ?+ z pure ?\ght dis5gag$ f e traditional elem5t3 !re is no su* ?+ z tradition receiv$ 9 a mann] purely passive1 & dis5gag$ f all ex]cise ( ! reflective faculties4 ,y ?9k y are employ$ ab\t philosophy :5 y %ut y\rself up 9 y\r own individual ?\ghts4 ,a mi/ake6 ,! mo/ p[]ful g5ius ( mod]n times fail$ 9 ?is ent]prise4 ,desc>tes conceiv$ ! project ( =gett+ all t he _h kn[n1 & ( produc+ a sy/em ( doctr9e :i* %\ld come =? f 8 bra9 z ,m9]va sprang all arm$ f ! bra9 ( ,jupit]4 ,n[-a-days a m]e s*oolboy1 if he has be5 well taught1 ought to be able to prove t ,desc>tes 0 mi/ak51 because ! curr5t ( tradition ent]$ 8 m9d toge!r ) ! words ( ! language4 ,x is n s easy z we may suppose to break ! ties by :i* ,god has b\nd u all toge!r 9 mutual dep5d5ce4 ,man speaks1 he only ?9ks by means ( spee*1 & spee* is a riv] :i* takes its rise 9 ! v beg9n+s ( hi/ory1 & br+s d[n to ! exi/+ g5]ation ! tribute ( all ! wat]s ( ! pa/4 ,no "o c isolate himself f ! curr5t1 & place himself outside ! intellectual society ( 8 fell[s4 ,we h m light ?an we _h on ?is subject1 & ! attempt ( ,desc>tes1 :i* 0 ( old ! happy audacity ( g5ius1 c\ld 9 our days be no?+ b ! fooli% presumption ( ignorance4 ,z = ! purely passive reception ( tradition1 ?is may be conceiv$ :5 only unimportant leg5ds are 9 "q1 or doctr9es :i* occupy ! m9d only z matt]s ( curiosity2 b :5 life is at /ake1 & ! int]e/s ( our :ole exi/5ce1 ! m9d labors ^u ! ideas :i* x receives4 ,religion is only liv+ 9 any s\l :5 all ! faculties h come into ex]cise2 & fai?1 by its own prop] nature1 seeks to und]/&4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 traditional data !re=e & pure philosophy is f> f be+ s real or s ext5sive z x is commonly ?\ght to be4 ,b = lack ( "t1 ,i might und]take to prove to y m at l5g? t ! labor ( individual ?\ght ^u ! common tradition is ! absolute & p]man5t law ( developm5t = ! human m9d4 ,we h to /e] betwe5 two extreme & contr>y pret5sions4 ,:at %all we say to ^? !ologians :o d5y all p[] to man's reason1 & consid] ! und]/&+ z a receiv] :i* does no?+ b receive ! liquid :i* is p\r$ into x8 to ^? !ologians :o1 n cont5t ) despis+ ,ari/otle & ,plato1 ?9k !mselves oblig$ to vilify ,socrates & calumniate ,regulus8 ,we w tell !m t !y dep>t f ! gr& ,*ri/ian tradition1 ( :i* !y believe !mselves p> excell5ce ! repres5tatives4 ,we w add t !y outrage _! ,ma/] by seem+ to believe t 9 ord] to exalt ,him x is necess>y to calumniate humanity4 ,aga91 :at %all we say to ^? philosoph]s1 :o d n wi% = tru? except :5 !y h succe$$ 9 educ+ x by !mselves8 to ^? philosoph]s :o draw a little circle ab\t _! own p]sonal ?\ght1 & say3 ,if tru? discov]s itself outside ?is circle we h no wi% to see x2 & :o boa/ t !y only are free1 because !y h ab&on$ ! common beliefs8 ,we w tell !m t !y are deceiv+ !mselves by tak+ = _! own p]sonal ?\ght ! dbris ( ! tradition ( ! human race4 ,we w add t _! pret5d$ indep5d5ce is a v]itable slav]y4 ,a /range sort ( lib]ty t1 :i* %\ld =bid ^? :o affect x to accept a fai? :i* appe>$ to !m to be true1 because !y 7 n ! inv5tors ( x4 ,li/5 to ?is wise reflection ( a contempor>y writ]3 ,philosophy all[s u to range ourselves on ! side ( ,platonism3 :y %\ld x n also all[ u to range ourselves on ! side ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 if !re x is t we f9d wisdom & immutable tru?8 ,! *oice ought to seem z free & z wor?y ( respect on ! "o side z on ! o!r2 & philosophy :i* claims lib]ty = itself1 is lea/ ( all w>rant$ 9 refus+ x to o!rs4#ah ,to be free1 is to look = tru? :]ev] x may be f\nd1 & x is to obey tru? :]ev] we meet ) x4 ,:5 ! "q !re=e relates to ,god1 or to ! s\l & its et]nal de/9ies1--to ! man :o asks me1 ,are y occupi$ ) religion or philosophy8 ,i h only "o answ] to give3 ,i am a man1 & ,i am seek+ tru?4 ,a f9al consid]ation w p]haps put ^! ?\ghts 9 a m /rik+ light4 ,if y ?9k ! mo/ important ( ! discussions ( our day to be t betwe5 natural & reveal$ religion1 betwe5 deism & ! ,gospel1 y h n well disc]n$ ! signs ( ! times4 ,! fundam5tal discussion is n[ betwe5 m5 :o believe 9 ,god1 9 ! s\l1 & 9 tru?1 & m51 :o1 d5y+ tru?1 d5y at ! same "t ! s\l & ,god4 ,:5 ^! high problems are 9 "q1 p]iodicals & o!r publications1 :i* h ! wide/ circulation1 & :i* ga9 admission into e h\sehold1 br+ u too (t5 ! works ( writ]s )\t convictions1 eag] to spread among/ o!rs ! d\bt :i* has dev\r$ _! own beliefs4 ,!y h receiv$ entire1 & )\t los+ an obole ( x1 ! h]itage ( ! ,greek ,sophi/s4 ,!y involve 9 fact 9 ! same proscription ,socrates & ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,paul ( ,t>sus & ,plato ( ,a!ns3 !y h no m respect = ! op9ions ( ,desc>tes & ,leibnitz ?an = ^? ( ,pascal & ,bossuet4 ,! great "q ( ! day is to "k :e!r our desire ( tru? is a *imra2 :e!r our ef=t to rea* ! div9e _w is a spr+ into ! empty void4 ,:5 ! "q relates to ,god1 inasmu* z ,he is ! basis ( reason no less ?an ! object ( fai?1 all ! b>ri]s :i* exi/ else:]e disappe>3 to def5d fai? is to def5d reason2 to def5d reason is to def5d fai?4 ,! unbridl$ audacity ( ^? :o d5y fundam5tal tru?s is br++ anci5t adv]s>ies1 = a mom5t at lea/1 to fight b5ea? ! same flag4 ,:at !y w\ld rob u (1 is n m]ely ?is or t article ( a def9ite cre$1 b all fai? :atev] 9 ,div9e ,provid5ce1 e hope :i* goes beyond ! tomb1 e look direct$ t[>ds a _w sup]ior to our pres5t de/9ies4 ,b take c\rage4 ,?is flame light$ on ! e>?1 & :i* is ev]more direct$ t[>ds heav51 has pass$ safely ?r\gh r\gh] /orms ?an ^? :i* n[ ?reat5 x2 x has %one brightly 9 ?ick] d>kness ?an t 9 :i* m5 are labor+ s h>d to en%r\d x4 ,x is n go+ to be ext+ui%$1 be v sure1 be=e ! affect$ indiff]5ce ( a few wits ( our day1 & ! haughty disda9 ( a few contempor>y j\rnali/s4 ,9 a ^w1 ,g5tlem51--to take ! idea ( ,god z x has be5 h&$ d[n to u1 & to /udy its relation to ! reason1 ! he>t1 & ! consci5ce ( man1--?is is my propos$ me?od ( proce$+4 ,to %[ y t ?is idea is tru?1 because x satisfies ! consci5ce1 ! he>t1 & ! reason--?is is ! object ,i h 9 view4 ,( ?is object ,i am sure y feel ! importance3 nev]!less1 & t we may be m alive to x /ill1 ,i propose to y to s\nd ) me ! abysses ( sorr[ & d>kness :i* are involv$ 9 ^? t]rible words--)\t ,god 9 ! _w4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,aux grimpeurs des ,alpes4 #c ,psalm cxxxix4 #g-aj4 #d ,j4,j4 ,r\sseau4 #e ,les ,orig9es ,indo-,europennes1 by ,adolphe ,pictet1 ii4 #fea4 #f ,clean!s1 ,hymn to ,jupit]4 #g ,sophocles1 ,o,edipus ,r4 #h ,h&bu* d] gesammt5 gyptis*5 ,alt]?umskunde1 von ,dr4 ,max ,uhlemann4 ,leipzig1 #aheg4 #i ,in/itutions div9es1 ii4 #a4 #aj ,id4 #aa ,deuts*e ,my?ol4 ,?ird edition1 page lxiv4 #ab ,annales de philosophie *rti5ne1 t4 #ei1 p4 #bbh4r4 #ac ,les ,orig9es ,indo-,europennes1 ii4 #gbj4 #ad ,j'ai mon ,dieu que je s]s1 v\s s]virez le vtre4 #ae ,il faut cra9dre le mi52 ,lui seul e/ ,dieu1 ,madame1 et le vtre n'e/ ri54 #af ,lve1 ,jrusalem1 lve ta tte altire6 ,les peuples l'envi m>*5t ta lumire4 #ag ,etudes ,ori5tales1 p> ,adolphe ,franck1 p4 #dbg4 #ah ,b>?lemy ,/4 ,hilaire1 9 ! ,sances et travaux de l',acadmie des sci5ces morales et politiques1 ,,lxx41 p4 #acd4 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,life ,,)\t ,,god4 7,at ,g5eva1 #bj? ,nov4 #ahfc4--;,at ,lausanne1 #ac? ,jan4 #ahfd47 ,,g5tlem51 ,i propose to exam9e to-day :at are ! consequ5ces = human life ( ! total suppression ( ! idea ( ,god4 ,?is suppression is ! result ( a!ism prop]ly s call$3 x is also ! result ( scepticism rais$ into a sy/em4 ,! s\l :i* d\bts1 b :i* seeks1 regrets1 hopes1 is n :olly sep>at$ f ,god4 ,x gives ,him a l>ge %>e 9 its life1 inasmu* z ! desire :i* x feels to meet ) ,him1 & ! sadness :i* x exp]i5ces at n contemplat+ ,him 9 a full light1 become ! pr9cipal facts ( its exi/5ce4 ,b d\bt adopt$ z a doctr9e realizes 9 its own way1 equally ) a!ism prop]ly s call$1 life )\t ,god1 ! m\rnful subject ( our pres5t /udy4 ,hav+ ,god1 ! spiritual life has a firm base & an inv9cible hope4 ,! vapors ( e>? may inde$ = a mom5t obscure ! sky4 ,"o :ile fogs hang ab\t ! gr\nd2 ano!r :ile cl\ds s5d =? ! ?und]-bolt2 b1 above ! regions ( d>kness & ( tempe/1 ! eye ( fai? contemplates ! et]nal azure 9 its un*ang+ calm4 ,life has its sorr[s = all2 b x is n only endurable1 x is bless$1 :5 9 view ( ! in/ability ( all ?+s1 9 view ( evil1 ( inju/ice1 & ( suff]+1 !re c brea! f ! dep?s ( ! s\l to ! et]nal1 ! ,holy ,"o1 ! ,com=t]1 ^? words ( pati5ce 9 life & ( joy 9 dea?3 ,my ,god6 ,take ,god away1 & life is decapitat$4 ,ev5 ?is comp>ison is n suffici5t2 life1 r1 becomes l to a man :o %\ld h lo/ at once bo? 8 head & 8 he>t4 ,! imm5se subject :i* op5s be=e u falls into an easy & natural division3 we w fix our att5tion successively ^u ! individual & ^u society4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,individual4 ,man ?9ks1 he feels1 & he wills3 ^! are ! ?ree great functions ( ! spiritual life4 ,let u inquire :at1 )\t ,god1 w\ld become1 fir/1 ( ?\ght1 :i* is ! in/rum5t ( all k2 next2 ( ! consci5ce1 :i* is ! law ( ! w2 !n ( ! he>t1 :i* is ! organ ( ! feel+s4 ,we w beg9 ) ?\ght4 ,let u g back to ! orig9 ( mod]n philosophy4 ,! labors ( ,desc>tes w make u acqua9t$1 "u ! =m cle>e/ = u1 ) a curr5t ( l(ty ?\ghts :i* does honor to anci5t civilization1 & :i* has come d[n to u ?r\gh ! writ+s ( ,plato & ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,we h se5 t ,desc>tes deceiv$ himself1 :5 he ?\ght to sep>ate himself altoge!r f tradition1 & =got ! :ile h[ intimately m5's m9ds are b\nd toge!r 9 a common possession ( tru?4 ,he 0 mi/ak51 because he conf\nd$ ! idea1 natural to ! human m9d1 ( an inf9ite reason1 ) ! full idea ( ! ,creator2 s attribut+ to ! ef=ts ( 8 own philosophy t gift ( tru? :i* he _h receiv$ f ! ,*ri/ian tradition4 ,b1 hav+ s f> recogniz$ 8 error1 li/5 n[ to ?is great man1 & judge if he 7 aga9 mi/ak5 9 ^? ?\ghts ( 8 :i* ,i am ab\t to reproduce to y4 ,desc>tes /rives h>d to d\bt ( all ?+s1 p]suad$ t tru? w resi/ 8 ef=ts1 & come =? triumphant f ! trial4 ,he d\bts ( :at he has he>d 9 ! s*ools3 8 ma/]s may h l$ him into error4 ,he d\bts ( ! evid5ce ( 8 s5ses3 8 s5ses deceive him 9 ! visions ( ! night2 :at if he 7 always dream+1 & if 8 wak+ h\rs 7 b ano!r sleep ) o!r dreams6 ,he w d\bt ev5 ( ! c]ta9ty ( reason3 :at if ! reason 7 a w>p$ & brok5 in/rum5t8 ,reason is only wor? :at its cause may be wor?4 ,if man is ! *ild ( *ance1 8 ?\ghts may be va94 ,if man is ! creature ( a wick$ & cunn+ be+1 ! light ( reason may be only an ignis fatuus k9dl$ by a malici\s & mock+ _s4 ,"h is a s\l plung$ 9 ! l[e/ abysses ( d\bt2 b x is a manly s\l :i* seeks 9 d\bt a trial = tru?1 & n a com=table pill[ on :i* slo?fully to repose4 ,h[ does ,desc>tes upraise himself8 ,by a ?\ght kn[n to e "o1 & :i* 0 already f\nd 9 ,/4 ,augu/9e3 ,cogito1 ergo sum4 ,i ?9k1 !re=e ,i am4 ,deceive me :o w2 if ,i am deceiv$1 ,i exi/4 ,"h is a c]ta9ty protect$ f all assault3 ,i am4 ,b :at a poor c]ta9ty is ?is6 ,:at does x avail me to h rescu$ my exi/5ce f ! abysses ( univ]sal d\bt1 if above ! deep wat]s :i* h swall[$ up all belief floats only ?is nak$ & mortify+ tru?3 ,i am2 b ,i exi/ only p]haps to be ! sport ( errors )\t end4 ,! fir/ /ep !re=e tak5 by ! philosoph] w\ld be a fruitless "o if x 7 n foll[$ by a second4 ,an eye is op51 & says3 ,i see2 b x mu/ h a w>rant t ! light by :i* x sees is n a fanta/ic brightness4 ,no1 replies ,desc>tes2 reason sees a true light2 & ?is is h[ he proves x3 ,i am1 ,i "k myself2 t is c]ta94 ,i "k myself z a limit$ & imp]fect be+2 t aga9 is c]ta94 ,i conceive !n inf9ity & p]fection2 t is n less c]ta92 = ,i %\ld n h ! idea ( a limit if ,i did n conceive ( inf9ity1 & ! ^w imp]fect w\ld h no mean+ = me1 if ,i c\ld n imag9e p]fection1 ( :i* imp]fection is b ! negation4 ,/>t+ f ?is po9t1 ! philosoph] proves by a s]ies ( reason+s t ! conception ( p]fection by our m9ds demon/rates ! real exi/5ce ( t p]fection3 ,god is4 ,he adds1 t ! exi/5ce ( ,god is m c]ta9 ?an ! mo/ c]ta9 ( all ! !orems ( geometry4 ,y w obs]ve1 ,g5tlem51 t ! man :o speaks 9 ?is way is "o ( ! greate/ geometricians t ev] liv$4 ,he has f\nd ,god1 he has f\nd ! light4 ,reason does n deceive1 :5 x is fai?ful to its own laws3 ! s5ses d n deceive1 :5 !y are ex]cis$ accord+ to ! rules ( ! und]/&+4 ,error is a malady2 x is n ! radical condition ( our nature2 x is n )\t limits & )\t rem$y1 = ! f9al cause ( our be+ is ,god1 t is to say tru? & goodness4 ,f ev]la/+ ,god 0 true1 ,= ev] good & j w be1 says "o ( our old psalms4 ,fai? 9 ! v]acity ( ,god--su* is ! gr\nd ( ! assurance ( believ]s2 su* is also ! f\ndation on :i* has be5 rais$ ! greate/ ( mod]n philosophies4 ,)\t ! k ( ,god & fai? 9 8 goodness1 man rema9s plung$ 9 irrem$iable d\bt1 possess+ only ?is s+le1 poor1 & frightful c]ta9ty3 ,i am2 & ,i exi/ p]haps only to be et]nally deceiv$4 ,b1 x has be5 said1 & x ne$$ no great clev]ness to say x--,:at a /range way is ?is ( reason+6 ,"h is a man :o fir/ proves t ,god is1 by means ( 8 reason2 & !n proves t 8 reason is good because ,god is4 ,8 reason demon/rates ,god to him1 & ,god demon/rates 8 reason to him3 x is an argum5t ( :i* any s*oolboy c at once see ! fallacy2 x is manife/ly a vici\s circle4 ,?is has be5 said aga9 & aga9 by p]sons :o h neglect$ a suffici5tly simple consid]ation4 ,! error is app>5tly a gross "o2 is x n likely t ! argum5t has be5 misund]/ood8 ,ought we n to look v closely at x1 be=e decl>+ t "o ( ! mo/ lucid m9ds t h ev] appe>$ 9 ! _w left at ! basis ( 8 doctr9e a fault ( logic :i* any s*oolboy c discov]8 ,self-suffici5t levity ( _s is n ! be/ means ( p5etrat+ ! ?\ght ( lead+ m9ds2 & x v (t5 happ5s to u to fail ( und]/&+ because we h fail$ 9 respect4 ,let u exam9e ) s]i\s att5tion1 n ! v words ( ,desc>tes1 z an hi/orian might d1 b ! c\rse ( ?\ght ( :i* ,desc>tes is "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s repres5tatives4 ,to recognize 9 ! reason traces ( ,god1 & to %[ t 9 fai? 9 ,god consi/s ! only w>rant ( ! reason1 is n to argue 9 a vici\s circle1 because1 9 ?is way ( proce$+1 :at we are employ$ 9 is n reason+1 b analysis2 we are e/abli%+ a fact 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :at t fact implies & supposes4 ,?is fact is ! natural fai? :i* man has 9 8 own reason1 :5 8 reason reveals to him ! imm$iate light ( evid5ce1 or ! m$iate light ( c]ta9ty4 ,n[1 :5 man confides 9 8 reason1 x is n 9 8 individual reason t he confides1 = he has no d\bt t :at is evid5t = him is s also = o!rs4 ,if1 toss$ by a tempe/1 he 7 ?r[n ^u an isl& ( savages1 he w\ld n ?9k t ^? savages1 :5 !y came to reflect1 w\ld be able to discov] t ! axioms ( our geometry are false1 or to make elem5ts ( logic :i* w\ld contradict our own4 ,we believe 9 a g5]al reason1 ev]y:]e & always ! same1 & 9 :i* ! reason ( ea* individual p>ticipates4 ,we believe !re=e t !re is a pr9ciple ( tru? :i* exi/s 9 itself1 a reason :i* is et]nal & ev]y:]e pres5t2 9 o!r words1 we believe 9 ,god consid]$ z ! s\rce ( ! univ]sal intellig5ce4 ,to believe 9 "o's reason1 is to believe 9 ,god1 9 ?is s5se3 ! fact ( ! confid5ce :i* we place 9 our own faculty ( ?\ght1 supposes a conceal$ fai? 9 et]nal tru?4 ,?is is ! analysis ( :i* ,i 0 speak+4 ,x is a circle if y please1 b x is a circle ( light1 outside ( :i* !re is1 z we %all see by & by1 no?+ b d>kness & h>d contradictions4 ,y d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,on :at gr\nd d y re/ ?is d5ial8 ,on ! gr\nd ( y\r reason4 ,y believe !n t y\r reason is good1 y believe x v good1 s9ce y d n hesitate to tru/ x1 :ile y und]take to prove false ! fundam5tal in/9cts ( human nature4 ,b y w\ld n v5ture to say t ?is reason :i* y believe 9 ) a fai? s firm is y\r own sep>ate reason m]ely1 y\r p]sonal & exclusive prop]ty4 ,y believe 9 ! univ]sal reason2 y believe 9 ,god1 consid]$ at lea/ z ! s\rce ( ! und]/&+4 ,! man !re=e :o d5ies ,god1 affirms ,him 9 a c]ta9 s5se at ! same "t t he d5ies ,him4 ,he d5ies ,him 9 8 words1 9 ! ext]nal =m ( 8 ?\ght2 he affirms ,him 9 reality1 z ! ,supreme ,intellig5ce1 by ! v tru/ :i* he places 9 8 own ?\ght4 ,our und]/&+ is only ! reflect$ ray ( ! ,div9e v]ity4 ,!re=e x is t ,desc>tes1 z soon z he has laid ! fir/ f\ndations ( 8 sy/em1 int]rupts ! *a9 ( 8 reason+s to trace ^! l9es3 ,"h ,i ?9k x highly meet to pause = a :ile 9 contemplation ( ?is all-p]fect ,god1 to pond] delib]ately 8 m>vell\s attributes1 to consid]1 admire1 & adore ! incomp>able beauty ( t imm5se light1 at lea/ s f> z ! /r5g? ( my m9d1 :i* rema9s 9 a mann] dazzl$ by x1 %all all[ me to d s4#ai ,?us x is t :ile desc5d+ into ! dep?s ( ! und]/&+1 ! philosoph] :o is suppos$ to be absorb$ 9 pure ab/ractions1 discov]s all at once a sublime brightness1 & exclaims ) ! anci5t patri>*3 ,! ,,"l is 9 ?is place1 & ,i knew x n6#bj ,god is ev]y:]e2 ,he is 9 ! heights ( heav51 ,he is 9 ! dep?s ( ?\ght4 ,rememb] ^? celebrat$ words ( ,"l ,*ancellor ,bacon3 ,a little k incl9e? ! m9d to a!ism1 b a fur!r acqua9tance !re) br+e? x back to religion4 ,god is n demon/rat$1 9 ! ord9>y s5se :i* we atta* to ! ^w demon/rate2#ba ,he is po9t$ out#bb z ! s\rce ( all light4 ,! attempt to demon/rate ,god z any?+ else is demon/rat$1 by desc5d+1 t is1 f high] pr9ciples until ! object 9 view is arriv$ at--?is attempt implies a contradiction4 ,god is 9 fact ! fir/ pr9ciple1 ! f\ndation ( all pr9ciples1 ! pr9ciple beyond :i* !re is no?+4 ,we may describe ! process by :i* ! human m9d rises to ?is supreme idea2 b to wi% to demon/rate ,god by m\nt+ high] ?an ,himself 9 ord] to look = a po9t ( dep>ture--?is is lit]ally to wi% to light up ! sun4 ,if ! sun ( intellig5ces is ext+ui%$1 reason sets out on its way vaguely enlight5$ /ill ) ! rema9s ( ! light :i* x has reflect$2 b x is n long ere x is /umbl+ 9 d>kness4 ,!n x is t--be n deceiv$ ab\t x6--! d\bts :i* ,desc>tes call$ up by an act ( 8 own w d 9 good e>ne/ invade ! s\l4 ,we possess a natural c]ta9ty1 :i* does n suppose a cle> view ( ,god2 we reason )\t ?9k+ di/9ctly ( ! pr9ciples on :i* we reason1 j z1 :5 we are 9 a hurry1 we take ! %orte/ cut )\t ?9k+ ( ! axiom ( geometry :i* prescribes ! /raight l9e4 ,b if we pass f ! natural ord] ( our ?\ghts into ! doma9 ( sci5ce1 if we ask--:at is x :i* gu>antees to me ! value ( my reason8 !n ! "q is put1 & _m p]i% 9 ! passage :i* sep>ates natural fai? f ! doma9 ( sci5ce1--t dang]\s passage :]e d\bt spreads out its p]fidi\s fogs & its deceitful m>%es4 ,! mom5t ! "q is />t$ ( ! wor? ( reason1 & all ! s*ools ( scepticism d />t x1 our answ] mu/ be--,god2 & we mu/ f9d light 9 ?is answ]1 or see ?\ght invad$ 9 its totality by an irrem$iable d\bt4 ,!n m5 come to ask !mselves if all be n a lie2 & !y speak ( ! univ]sal vanity1 )\t mak+ ! res]ve ( ,ecclesia/es4#bc ,!re are m s\ls ill ( ?is malady ?an are suppos$ to be s4 ,_m beg9 by sett+ up pr\dly aga9/ ,god :at !y call ! rights ( reason1 & by & by we see ?is reason1 :i* has revolt$ aga9/ its ,pr9ciple1 vacillate1 d\bt ( itself1 & at la/1 los+ itself 9 a bitt] irony1 wrap itself1 ) all beside1 9 ! %r\d ( a univ]sal scorn4 ,)\t ,god reason is ext+ui%$4 ,:at1 9 l case1 w happ5 to ! consci5ce8 ,! consci5ce is a reality4 ,i w say will+ly 9 ! /yle ( ! prophets3 ,let my tongue cleave to ! ro( ( my m\?1 ere ,i d5y consci5ce1 & disp>age ! sacr$ "n ( duty6 ,yes1 consci5ce is a reality2 b ,god is 9 x3 ,he x is :o gives to x its necess>y basis & its indisp5sable support4 ,! consci5ce is ! augu/ voice ( ! ,ma/] ( ! univ]se4 ,god has giv5 u ! light ( ! und]/&+ t we may see & compreh5d "s portions ( ! works :i* ,he has creat$ )\t u3 a "w !re is = :i* ,he w\ld h u to be fell[-work]s ) ,him4 ,! heav5 ( />s is a spectacle = ! eyes ( ! body1 a gr&] spectacle /ill = ! contemplation ( ! m9d :i* has und]/ood _! wondr\s me*anism4 ,we admire !m2 b if ! />s fail$ to attract our admiration1 no "o ( !m on t acc\nt w\ld cease to trace its orbit4 ,!re is ano!r heav51 a heav5 ( lov+ />s & free1 ! sight ( :i* is "o day to fill u ) rapture1 & ! realization ( :i* is to be ! "w ( our love & ( our w4 ,be=e we contemplate x we mu/ make x2 ?is is our high & awful privilege4 ,! plan ( ! spiritual heav5s is deposit$ 9 ! s\l1 & ! utt]ances ( ! consci5ce reveal x to ! w4 ,x is a law ( ju/ice & ( love4 ,?is law is ev]more violat$1 because x is propos$ to lib]ty1 & lib]ty rebels3 x subsi/s ev]more1 because x is ! "w ( ! ,almighty4 ,humanity1 9 its /range de/9y1 has nev] ceas$ to outrage ! rule :i* x ackn[l$ges1 & to pron\nce ^u its own acts a ceaseless condemnation4 ,! laws :i* are inve/igat$ by ! physical sci5ces are ! plan ( ! ,creator realiz$ 9 nature3 ! law propos$ to lib]ty is ! plan ( ! ,creator to be realiz$ by ! community ( m9ds4 ,su* is ! explanation ( ! consci5ce3 ,god is its solid f\ndation4 ,duty & ,god1 morality & religion1 are insep>able pr9ciples2 all ! ef=ts ( a false philosophy h nev] succe$$1 & nev] w succe$1 9 disjo9+ !m4 ,m5 w nev] be prev5t$ f believ+ t ,god is holy1 & t ,8 w is b9d+ ^u !m3 !y w nev] be prev5t$ f believ+ t hol9ess is div9e1 & t ! w ( ,god reveals itself 9 ! admonitions ( ! consci5ce4 ,!re=e ! progress ( religion & ! progress ( morality are closely unit$2 ! morality ( a p dep5ds above all on ! idea :i* x =ms to itself ( ,god4 ,! consci5ce1 9 fact1 at ! same "t t x is real & p]man5t 9 its bases1 is v>iable 9 ! degrees ( its light4 ,x is enlight5$ or obscur$1 accord+ z ! man's religi\s conceptions are pure or corrupt$2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! religi\s wor%ip is degrad$ beyond a c]ta9 limit by error & ! passions1 ! consci5ce prote/s1 & by its prote/ purifies ! religi\s conceptions4 ,x has (t5 be5 said1 t 9 ! onw>d m>* ( humanity1 morality is sep>at$ f fai?1 & comes at la/ to re/ ^u its own bases4 ,x is a notion ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :i*1 al?\gh its root has be5 cut1 is /ill ?r[+ out %oots 9 our "t4 ,! attempt has be5 made to support ?is !ory by ! great "n ( ,socrates4 ,x is affirm$ t ! sage ( ,a!ns1 break+ ! bond :i* connects ! e>? ) heav51 sep>at$ duty f its primitive s\rce4 ,li/53 ,plac$ 9 ! alt]native ( ei!r r5\nc+ 8 mission or dy+1 x is ?us t ,socrates addresses 8 judges3 ,a!nians1 ,i honor y & ,i love y1 b ,i w obey ! ,deity r ?an y4 ,my :ole occupation is to p]suade y1 "y & old1 t be=e ! c>e ( ! body & ( ri*es1 be=e e o!r c>e1 is t ( ! s\l & ( its improvem5t4 ,"k t ?is x is :i* ! ,deity prescribes to me1 & ,i am p]suad$ t !re c be no?+ m advantage\s to ! republic ?an my zeal to fulfil ! behe/ ( ! ,deity4#bd ,does ! man :o speaks 9 ?is way appe> to y to h wi%$ to break ! l9k :i* connects morality ) religion8 ,he sep>ates himself f ! e/abli%$ religion2 he pursues ) 8 bit+ raill]y %ameful objects ( wor%ip2 8 consci5ce prote/s4 ,b1 :ile x prote/s1 x atta*es itself imm$iately to a high] & holi] idea ( t ,god1 ( ^: p]fections ! sage ( ,a!ns _h succe$$ 9 obta9+ a glimpse4 ,god !n is ! explanation ( ! consci5ce3 ,he is moreov] its support4 ,x has ne$ 9 soo? to be support$1--t voice :i* speaks )9 u2 because x is unceas+ly contradict$ & d5i$4 ,! spectacle :i* ! _w pres5ts is n an edify+ "o2 ! facts :i* are tak+ place on ! e>? are n all ( a nature to ma9ta9 ! /eadfa/ness ( ! moral feel+4 ,let u imag9e an example1 a /rik+ example1 su* z x w\ld be easy to f9d realiz$ on a small scale 9 m commonplace ev5ts4 ,a peaceable population1 m5ac$ 9 its mo/ sacr$ rights1 has tak5 up arms 9 ! simple/ & mo/ legitimate self-def5ce4 ,i d n all[ my ?\ghts to re/ ^u ! soldi]s :o are advanc+ to oppress x--m]e in/rum5ts z !y are 9 ! h&s ( _! lead]s--b ^u ! lead]s !mselves4 ,"o ( ^!1 )\t ! lea/ necessity1 ) a calculat+ coolness1 to :i* he sacrifices all ! feel+s ( a man1 or "u ! sway ( "o ( ^? f]oci\s in/9cts :i* at times ga9 ! ma/]y ov] ! s\l1 gives up a t[n1 a village1 to all ! horrors ( slaught]1 pillage1 & fire4 ,! blood ( ! victims w sc>cely1 p]haps1 h gr[n cold1 ! la/ gleams ( ! fire w n yet be ext9ct1 :5 ?is man %all be receiv+ ! praises ( 8 sup]iors4 ,m5 w laud ! brav]y & d>+ ( 8 exploit2 8 sov]eign w place ^u 8 brea/ a brilliant cross1 ! augu/ sign ( ! _w's r$emption2 he w return to 8 c\ntry amid/ ! acclamations ( ! multitude1 & dr9k 9 ) delight ! %\ts ( triumph :i* greet him z he moves on 8 way4 ,= su* ?+s z ^!1 is !re to be no p5alty b tr\blesome recollections :i* may sometimes be bani%$1 & a few timid prote/s soon hu%$ by ! l\d voice ( success8 ,v]ily !re are p]petrat$ b5ea? ! sun acts :i* cry al\d = v5geance4 ,h y nev] felt x--t mighty cry--ris+ f y\r own bosom1 at ! sight ( "s odi\s crime1 or on read+ su* & su* a page ( hi/ory8 ,& x mu/ be s2 x mu/ be t ! cry = v5geance w rise1 until ! s\l has le>nt to trans=m imprecation into pray]1 & ! desire = ju/ice into supplication = ! guilty4 ,b if1 9 ! pres5ce ( crime1 we 7 =c$ to believe t !re w nev] be ei!r v5geance or p>don1 ! ma9spr+ ( ! moral life w\ld be brok51 & humanity w\ld at l5g? exclaim1 l ,brutus 9 ! pla9s ( ,philippi3--,virtue6 ?\ art b a "n6 ,! consci5ce is a reality2 b its voice is tr\blesome1 & ! capti\s argum5ts :i* g to d5y its value f9d support 9 ! evil t5d5cies ( our nature4 ,if x has no fai? 9 et]nal ju/ice x runs ! risk ( be+ blunt$ by contact ) ! _w4 ,s d\bt takes place1 d\bt /ill deep] & m agoniz+ ?an t :i* be>s ^u ! processes ( ! und]/&+4 ,! que/ions :i* arise are su* z ^!3--,?is voice ( duty--:5ce comes x8 & :at w\ld x h8 ,may n consci5ce be a prejudice1 ! result ( education & ( habit8 ,x has little p[]1 x seems1 = x is brav$ ) impunity4 ,_m say t x is a factiti\s p[] f :i* "o comes at la/ to deliv] "o's self by resi/+ x4 ,am ,i n ! dupe ( an illusion8 ,i am los+ joys :i* o!rs all[ !mselves4 ,b>ri]s encompass me on e h&1 = !re are = me prohibit$ actions1 un:olesome beauties1 culpable feel+s4 ,o!rs are free1 & make a l>g] use ( life 9 all directions4 ,:at if ,i too made trial ( lib]ty6 ,"h lies ! temptation4 ,:5 ! s\l aspires to become l>g] ?an consci5ce & m tol]ant ?an duty1 x is n f> f a fall4 ,! hone/ woman w be tempt$ to rep9e at ! lib]ty ( ! c\rtesan1 & ! man :o is b\nd by 8 ^w w become capable ( look+ ) envy on ! lib]ty ( ! li>4 ,!n come t]rible exp]i5ces :i* tea* at l5g? t ! unb9d+ ( ! passions is ! h>de/ ( slav]ies1 & t1 9 ! /ruggle betwe5 incl9ation & duty1 x is lib]ty :i* oppresses & law :i* sets free4 ,happy !n is he :o1 feel+ himself to be s9k+ 9 gloomy wat]s1 cries to t ,god :o is able to rescue him f ! abyss1 & /r5g!ns 8 %ak5 consci5ce by replac+ x on its solid f\ndation4 ,god speaks & reigns4 ,all rebellion is transi5t 9 its nature2 ju/ice w at l5g? be done4 ,ju/ice may be sl[ 9 ! eyes ( ! creature ( a day1 see+ t ,he :o %all disp5se x has et]nity at 8 disposal4 ,b if ,god be n a refuge = u f m5 & f ! _w1 if1 :5 we see all t is pass+ ar\nd u1 we _c ca/ a look beyond & above ! e>?1 m5 may lose _! fai? 9 duty4 ,& ?is fai? is lo/ 9 fact4 ,if !re are n dead consci5ces1 !re are consci5ces at any rate s+ul>ly sunk 9 sleep4 ,!re are m5 = :om goodness1 tru?1 ju/ice1 honor1 seem to be a co9age ( :i* !y make use because x is curr5t1 b )\t = !mselves atta*+ to x any value4 ,^! pieces ( money h no long] 9 _! eyes any visible impression1 because ! conception ( ! almighty & j ,god is ! impression :i* det]m9es duty & gu>antees its value4 ,:5 ! necess>y alliance ( moral ord] ) religi\s ?\ght is d5i$1 ! reality ( consci5ce is oppos$ to :at are call$ !ological hypo!ses always op5 to discussion4 ,x is se5 well en\gh t m5 may d\bt ( ,god1 b x is suppos$ to be impossible to d\bt ( consci5ce4 ,?is is an illusion ( g5]\s m9ds4 ,^? :o w\ld keep ?is illusion mu/ n op5 ! pages ( ! hi/ory ( philosophy :]e ! negation ( duty does n occupy less space ?an ! negation ( ,god2 !y mu/ n ca/ _! eyes too mu* ab\t !m2 !y mu/ also take c>e n to op5 ! mo/ widely circulat$ books1 & ! mo/ fa%ionable p]iodicals3 o!rwise1 z we %all see1 !y w\ld n be long 9 f9d+ out t ?is morality :i* !y w\ld fa9 h sup]ior to all attacks1 is p]haps :at ( all ?+s is mo/ attack$ n[-a-days1 & t t consci5ce :i* x is impossible to d5y is 9 fact ! object ( d5ials ! mo/ audaci\s on ! "p ( a few ( ! pres5t favorites ( fame4 ,! voice ( duty is he>d no d\bt ev5 :5 ,god does n come di/9ctly into m9d2 b :5 ! que/ions are cle>ly put1 if ,god is d5i$1 consci5ce gr[s dim1 & comes at la/ to be ext+ui%$4 ,?is obscuration does n take place all at once3 ! pott]'s :eel goes on turn+ = a :ile1 says an old ,h9doo poem1 aft] t ! foot ( ! artisan is )drawn f x4 ,b ! d>k5+ takes place gradually ) "t3 su* at lea/ is ! g5]al rule4 ,!re are exceptional m5 :o seem to escape ?is law1 & to be> 9 _! bosom a ,god veil$ f _! own consci\sness4 ,su* m5 may be f\nd1 & ev5 9 consid]able numb]s1 9 a "t l ours1 :5 d\bt is1 9 _m cases1 a prejudice :i* curr5t op9ion deposits on ! surface ( m9ds )\t p5etrat+ !m deeply4 ,!re are m5 all ^: convictions h fall5 into ru9s1 :ile _! consci5ce cont9ues /&+ l an isolat$ column1 sole rema9+ witness ( a demoli%$ build+4 ,! meet+ ) ^! h]oes ( virtue inspires a m+l$ feel+ ( a/oni%m5t & respect4 ,!y are v]ily miracles ( t div9e goodness ( :i* !y are unable to pron\nce ! "n4 ,if !re is a man on e>? :o ought to fall on bo? knees & %$ burn+ te>s ( gratitude1 x is ! man :o believes himself an a!i/1 & :o has receiv$ f ,provid5ce s ke5 a ta/e = :at is noble & pure1 s /rong an av]sion = evil1 t 8 s5se ( duty rema9s firm ev5 :5 x has lo/ all its supports4 ,b ! exception does n make ! rule2 & t :i* is realiz$ 9 ! case ( a few is n realiz$ long1 & = all4 ,y "k ^? cru/s ( sn[ :i* are =m$ ov] ! crevasses ( our glaci]s4 ,^! slight bridges are able to be> "o p]son :o rema9s susp5d$ ov] ! abyss1 b let sev]al attempt to pass toge!r1--! frail support gives way1 & ! ra% adv5tur]s fall toge!r into ! gulf4 ,su* is ! de/9y ( ^? s*ools ( philosophy 9 :i* ! notion ( ,god disappe>s1 & ( ^? civilizations 9 :i* ! s5se ( ,god is ext+ui%$2 !y fall into d>k regions :]e ! light ( goodness %9es no long]4 ,aft] ! m9d & consci5ce1 x rema9s = u to speak ( ! he>t4 ,man1 an intellig5t & free be+1 has 9 8 reason an in/rum5t ( k1 & 9 8 consci5ce a rule = 8 w4 ,b man is n suffici5t = himself1 & _c live ^u 8 own res\rces4 ,if y inquire :at ! ^w he>t expresses1 9 its mo/ g5]al acceptation1 y w f9d t x always expresses a t5d5cy ( ! s\l to look1 out ( itself1 9 ?+s or p]sons1 = ! support & n\ri%m5t ( its individual life4 ,does ! "q conc]n ! relations ( man ) 8 fell[s8 ,! he>t is ! organ ( communication ( "o s\l ) ano!r1 = receiv+1 or = giv+1 or = giv+ & receiv+ at ! same "t1 9 ! enjoym5t ( ! bless+ ( a mutual affection4 ,! he>t is 9 ea* ( u :at ^? m>ks are ^u ! scatt]$ /ones ( a build+ 9 c\rse ( con/ruction :i* indicate t !y are to be unit$ "o to ano!r4 ,! philosoph] suffices = himself1 ! /oics us$ to say2 ! he>t is ! negation ( ?is haughty maxim4 ,f ! he>t proce$s love1 t son ( abundance & ( pov]ty1 to speak ) ,plato1 t ne$y "o ev] on ! se>* = 8 lo/ h]itage4 ,love has w+s1 said aga9 ! wisdom ( ! ,greeks1 w+s :i* essay to c>ry him ev] high]4 ,let u extricate ! ?\ght :i* is involv$ 9 ^! graceful figures3 ,our desires h no limits1 & indef9ite desires c be satisfi$ only by meet+ ) an inf9ite ,be+ :o c be an inexhau/ible s\rce ( happ9ess1 an et]nal object ( love4 ,our he>t is made = love1 said ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 ! great ,*ri/ian disciple ( ,plato3 !re=e x is unquiet till x f9ds repose 9 ,god4 ,f ?is unre/ proce$ all our mis]ies4 ,m5 d n always succe$ 9 cont5t+ !mselves ) a petty prosaic happ9ess1 a dull & paltry well-be+1 & 9 /ifl+ ! :ile ! gr& in/9cts ( our nature4 ,if !n ! he>t lives1 & fails ( its due object2 if x does n meet ) ! supreme t]m ( its repose1 its indef9ite aspirations atta* !mselves to objects :i* _c satisfy !m1 & !nce arise /up5d\s ab]rations4 ,) "s1 x is ! pursuit ( s5sual gratifications2 !y ru% ) a k9d ( fury into ! passions ( _! l[] nature4 ,) o!rs x is ! ard5t pursuit ( ri*es1 p[]1 fame1--feel+s :i* are always cry+ m3 ,m6 & nev]3 ,en\gh4 ,& ! aft]-ta/e f ! fruitless se>* aft] happ9ess 9 ! pa?s ( ambition & vanity is n less bitt] p]haps ?an ! aft]-ta/e f s5sual enjoym5ts4 ,li/5 to ! confession ( a man ^: works1 full z !y are ( beauties1 are disfigur$ by s _m impure allusions1 t ! au?or appe>s to h indulg$1 m ?an mo/ o!rs1 9 ! giddy follies & culpable pleasures ( life3 ,if1 tir$ ( mock+ dreams1 my re/less he>t ,returns to take its fill ( wak+ joy1 ,full soon ,i loa! ! pleasures :i* imp>t ,no true delight1 b kill me1 :ile !y cloy4#be ,"h are ! acc5ts ( a true confession4 ,^! are moreov] tru?s ( daily exp]i5ce4 ,i h se5--& :i* ( y c\ld n r5d] simil> te/imony8--,i h se5 ! sick man1 depriv$ ( all ! ord9>y avocations & amusem5ts ( life1 & ) pa9 = 8 con/ant companion1 ,i h se5 him f9d joy 9 ! ?\ght ( 8 ,god1 & fe$+1 )\t satiety1 on ?is bread ( cont5tm5t4 ,i h se5 ! face ( ! bl9d light$ up by a liv+ fai?1 & radiant ) a light ( peace1 = him sweet] & bright] ?an ! rays ( ! sun4 ,b :]e ,god is want+1 & all connection is brok5 ) ! s\rce ( joy1 !re y %all see ! ri*e/ ( ! ri*1 ! mo/ prosp]\s among ! ambiti\s1 ! man ( fame ^: r5[n is mo/ widely ext5d$1--y %all see ^! m5 c>ry+ ! heavy burd5 ( discont5t4 ,_! br[1 unillum9$ by ! cele/ial ray1 is furr[$ by ! l9es ( sadness4 ,if y meet !m 9 a mom5t ( c&or1 ^! ri*1 ambiti\s1 & fam\s m5 w tell y ) a sigh3 ,all ?is does n satisfy2 we are b pursu+ *im]as4 ,/ill !y cont9ue to run aft] ^! *im]as4 ,!y cry ,vanity6 ,vanity6 & !y d n cease to pursue vanity4 ,!y flee f !mselves3 if !y retir$ )9 !mselves1 !y w\ld f9d !re ennui1 inexorable ennui1 :i* is b ! s5se ( t place :i* ,god %\ld fill left void 9 ! dep? ( ! s\l4 ,= ! deceiv$ he>t1 life becomes a bitt] com$y4 ,^? :o d n succe$ 9 bl9d+ !mselves by ! du/ ( ?\ghtless folly1 end (t5times by wrapp+ !mselves 9 disda9 z ) a cloak2 !y seek a sad & solit>y satisfaction 9 ! greatness ( _! contempt = life4 ,b nei!r does ?is satisfy3 disda9 is n a bev]age1 & contempt is n food4 ,su* are ! de/9ies ( ! he>t1 to :i* ,god is want+4 ,b ,i hope1 ,g5tlem51 t y h "h "s remon/rances to (f]4 ,i h j spok5 ( ! pleasures ( s5se1 ( pride1 ( vanity1 & ,i h made no allusion to ^? affections 9 :i* ! he>t manife/s its highe/ qualities4 ,%all we =get ! joys ( pure love8 ! dome/ic he>?8 fri5d%ip8 c\ntry8 ,d n fe> t1 hav+ giv5 myself up to a fit ( misan?ropy1 ,i am come hi!r to blaspheme ! true happ9esses ( life4 ,b d ! affections ( e>? (f] u suffici5t gu>antees8 ,we h ne$ ( ! inf9ite to answ] to ! imm5sity ( our desires2 9 ! pres5ce ( ^? we love1 h we no ne$ ( ! ,et]nal t we may lean our he>ts on ,him8 ,w n all human love become a s\rce ( torm5t1 if we h no fai? 9 ! love ( ,him :o w /amp holy affections ) ! seal ( ,8 own et]nity8 ,a s+le "q w suffice to enlight5 u on ?is head4 ,d y "k ! feel+ ( anxiety8 ,we all "k x1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t degrees4 ,epidemical disease may appe>4 ,! *ol]a has />t$ on its c\rse2 x has left ! int]ior ( ,asia1 & is approa*+4 ,! report is curr5t t neighbor+ cities h begun to feel its ravages4 ,^? we love--9 a mon?1 9 a week1 :]e w !y be8 ,w> is decl>$4 ,we he> ( prep>ations = dea?2 ! sov]eigns ( ,europe apply !mselves to calculations :i* seem to port5d torr5ts ( blood4 ,if w> breaks out1 t bro!r1 t son1 :o w h to take up arms1 t daught] :o w "o day p]haps f9d h]self at ! m]cy ( an unbridl$ soldi]y----4 ,b let u n look = examples s f> away4 ,h y no de> "o 9 a di/ant l& ( :om y are expect+ tid+s8 ,& ^? :o are ne> y6 ,to-morr[1 to-day1 n[ p]haps1 :ile y are li/5+ to me1 a fatal malady is discov]+ its fir/ symptoms----4 ,h y receiv$ ! h>d lessons ( dea?8 ,if y see *ildr5 play+1 full ( ruddy & joy\s heal?1 does x happ5 to none ( y to ?9k ( ano!r *ild1 once ! joy ( y\r fireside1 n[ ly+ b5ea? ! sod8 ,does x nev] happ5 to y1 by a s9i/] pres5tim5t1 to see features y love to gaze on convuls$ ) agony or pale 9 dea?8 ,& yet y mu/ ei!r see ! dea? ( y\r belov$ ones1 or !y mu/ lay y 9 ! e>?2 = e life ends ) ! tomb1 & we d b walk ov] graves4 ,:5 ! s\l has be5 ?us w\nd$ by anxiety1 = ?is poison$ w\nd !re is "o rem$y1 b only "o3 ,god reigns6 ,no?+ happ5s )\t ! p]mission ( ,8 goodness4 ,& ( all ^? :o are de> to u1 we c say3 ,fa!r1 to ,?y h&s ,i commit !m4 ,if we are )\t ?is tru/1 we %all only escape torm5t by levity4 ,)\t ,god our m9d is sick2 our consci5ce & our he>t are sick also1 & 9 a way m griev\s /ill4 ,,footnotes3 #ai ,mditation troisime1 at ! end4 #bj ,g54 xxviii4 #af4 #ba ,dmontr]4 #bb ,on le montre4 #bc ,vanity ( vanities2 all is vanity4444 ,let u he> ! conclusion ( ! :ole matt]3 ,fe> ,god1 & keep 8 comm&m5ts3 = ?is is ! :ole duty ( man4 7,eccles4 i4 & xii47 #bd ,apology4 #be ,si mon coeur1 fatigu du rve qui l'obsde1 ,a la ralit revi5t p\r s'ass\vir1 ,au fond des va9s plaisirs que j'appelle mon aide1 ,je tr\ve un tel dgt que je me s5s m\rir4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,society4 ,we h j /udi$ :at life )\t ,god w\ld be = ! individual4 ,let u n[ direct our att5tion to ^? collections ( human be+s :i* =m societies4 ,we %all n speak "h ( ! relations ( civil ) ecclesia/ical au?orities1--a complex "q1 ! solution ( :i* mu/ v>y ) times1 places1 & circum/ances4 ,let u only rem>k t ! di/9ction betwe5 ! temporal & spiritual ord] ( ?+s is "o ( ! f\ndations ( mod]n civilization4 ,?is di/9ction is bas$ ^u ^? great words :i*1 eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 sep>at$ ! doma9 ( ,god f ! doma9 ( ,cs>4 ,religion consid]$ z a function ( civil life2 dogma support$ by ! ^w ( a mon>* or ! vote ( a body politic2 ! =mula ( t dogma impos$ =cibly by a gov]nm5t on ! lips ( ! gov]n$--^! are dbris ( paganism :i* h be5 /ruggl+ = c5turies aga9/ ! re/ra9ts ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght4#bf ,! religi\s convictions ( individuals d n belong to ! ,/ate2 religi\s s5tim5ts are n am5able to human tribunals2 & x w\ld be h>d to say :e!r x is ! spiritual or ! temporal ord] ( ?+s :i* suff]s mo/ f ! confusion ( ^! di/9ct doma9s4 ,religion %\ld h its own prop] life1 & its special repres5tatives2 civil life ought to be set free f all tyranny ex]cis$ 9 ! "n ( dogma2 b religion is n ! less on t acc\nt1 by ! influ5ce :i* x ex]ts ov] ! consci5ces ( m51 ! necess>y bond & /r5g? ( human society4 ,y w\ld soon] build a city 9 ! air1 said ,plut>*1 ?an cause a ,/ate to subsi/ )\t religion4 ,"s h conte/$ 9 mod]n times ?is op9ion ( anci5t wisdom4 ,! philosophy ( ! la/ c5tury1 z we h said already1 wi%$ to sep>ate duty f ! idea ( ,god4 ,x pret5d$ to give z ! only f\ndation = society a civil morality1 ! rules & sanction ( :i* 7 to be f\nd ^u e>?4 ,! m5 ( blood :o = a %ort "t gov]n$ ,france1 gave once z ! ord] ( ! day--,t]ror & all ! virtues3 ?is 0 a t]rible application ( ?is !ory4 ,virtue re/$ on a decree ( political p[]1 &1 = want ( ! judgm5t ( ,god1 ! guillot9e 0 ! sanction ( its precepts4 ,heal?i] views beg9 n[ to prevail 9 ! s*ools ( philosophy4 ,"o ( ! memb]s ( ! ,in/itut de ,france1 ,m4 ,franck1 has lately publi%$ a volume on ! hi/ory ( anci5t civilization1#bg ) ! express int5tion ( %[+ t ! conception :i* a p has ( ,god is ! true root ( its social organization4 ,accord+ to ! wor? ( ! religi\s idea is t ( ! civil con/itution4 ,be=e ,m4 ,franck1 tw5ty ye>s ago1 a man ( ! v highe/ di/9ction z a public lectur]1 indicat$ ?is movem5t ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,m4 ,edg>d ,qu9et1 9 8 ,lyons c\rse1 taught t ! religi\s idea is ! v sub/ance ( civilization1 & ! g5]at+ pr9ciple ( political con/itutions4 ,he ann\nc$ a hi/ory ( civilization by ! monum5ts ( human ?\ght1 & add$3 ,religion above all is ! pill> ( fire :i* goes be=e ! nations 9 _! m>* across ! ages2 x %all s]ve u z a guide4#bh ,b5jam9 ,con/ant exhibits 9 ! v>iation ( 8 op9ions ! transition f ! /&-po9t ( ! la/ c5tury to t ( ! pres5t4 ,he _h at fir/ conceiv$ ( 8 "w ^u religion z a monum5t rais$ to a!ism1 he ends by seek+ 9 religi\s s5tim5ts ! condition necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( civiliz$ societies4#bi ,"h is a real progress2 & ?is progress br+s u back to ! ?\ght above quot$ f ,plut>*4 ,9 fact1 take away ! idea ( ,god1 & ! fir/ consequ5ce w be t y w sacrifice all ! conque/s ( mod]n civilization2 ! next1 t y w soon h r5d]$ impossible ! exi/5ce ( any society :atev]4 ,i am go+ to ask y\r close att5tion to ^! two po9ts successively4 ,hi/ory does n (f] to our view an un9t]rupt$ progress1 z c]ta9 optimi/s suppose2 /ill less does x pres5t ! spectacle ( an ev]-increas+ det]ioration1 z misan?ropes affirm2 & la/ly1 x is n true1 z we he> x said sometimes1 t all epo*s are alike1 z good "o z ano!r4 ,!re are times bett] ?an ^? :i* foll[ !m2 & !re are epo*s less degrad$ ?an ^? :i* prec$e !m4 ,human societies fall & rise aga92 _! m>* exhibits w9d+s & retrograde /eps1 because t m>* is "u ! influ5ce ( creat$ lib]ty2 b :5 _! de/9ies are reg>d$ at "o view1 x is cle>ly se5 t !y are advanc+ to a det]m9$ end1 because :ile man is 9 re/less agitation1 ,god is lead+ him on4 ,! conque/s ( mod]n civilization are great & sacr$ realities4 ,:at are ^! conque/s8 ,let u n /ay at ! surface ( ?+s1 b g to ! f\ndation4 ,societies fall5 into a condition ( b>b>ism h = _! motto ! fam\s say+ ( a ,gallic *ief3 ,woe to ! vanqui%$6 ,9 in/itutions1 z 9 mann]s1 ! triumph ( =ce *>act]izes b>b>\s times4 ,! "r ( ! /ronge/ is ! tw(old negation ( ju/ice & ( love2 & :at *>act]izes civilization1 issu+ f ! b>b>\s condition1 ! fragm5ts ( :i* x s long trails aft] x1 is ! e/abli%m5t ( t ju/ice :i* f\nds ,/ates1 &1 ^u ! basis ( ju/ice1 ! developm5t ( ! b5evol5ce :i* r5d]s communities happy4 ,^! are ! two ess5tial conditions ( social progress4 ,^! conditions are necess>y ev5 to ! progress ( indu/ry & ( mat]ial welf>e4 ,mod]n civilization1--t1 namely1 :i* we s designate1 :ile we relegate1 s to speak1 into ! pa/ ! contemporane\s societies ( ! va/ ,ea/1--mod]n civilization possesses a p[] unkn[n to antiquity4 ,ju/ice has a f\ndation 9 ! consci5ce1 b5evol5ce has natural roots 9 ! he>t2 b a mom5t has be5 :5 ju/ice & love appe>$ 9 ! _w ) new brightness1 l rays dis5gag$ f cl\ds4 ,mod]n civilization 0 !n deposit$ on ! e>? 9 a p[]ful g]m1 ( :i* no?+ 0 any m to arre/ ! gr[?4 ,t mom5t 0 :5 ! idea ( ,god appe>$ 9 its fulness3 mod]n civilization 0 born ( ! ,gospel4 ,! k ( ,god /r5g!ns ju/ice1 & ! ?\ght ( ! common ,fa!r develops b5evol5ce4 ,^! !ses are well kn[n2 let u conf9e ourselves to a few rapid illu/rations4 ,!re exi/s an in/itution 9 :i* has be5 embodi$ ! negation ( social ju/ice--,slav]y4 ,slav]y is at l5g? disappe>+ be=e our eyes f ! bosom ( ,*ri/5dom2 & its f9al retreat is do+ honor to ,russia1 & ba?+ ,am]ica 9 blood4 ,?is is p]haps ! greate/ ( ! ev5ts :i* ! annals ( hi/ory w inscribe on ! page ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,n[ slav]y 01 9 ! pa/1 an almo/ univ]sal in/itution4 ,! f9e/ intellects ( ,greece devot$ a portion ( _! labors to its ju/ification4 ,rome1 at ! mo/ brilliant p]iod ( its civilization1 caus$ slaves to kill "o ano!r1 9 savage spectacles int5d$ to delight ! populace1 or dur+ sumptu\s banquets = ! amusem5t ( weal?y debau*ees6#cj ,h[ has slav]y disappe>$ little by little6 ,h[ has man be5 r$iscov]$ b5ea? t liv+ ?+ ( :i* 0 made1 "o :ile an in/rum5t ( labor1 & ano!r :ile ! sport ( execrable passions8 ,inquire into ?is hi/ory4 ,y w f9d ! reason & ! he>t mak+ _! prote/s he>d 9 antiquity1 b )\t becom+ efficaci\s4 ,"o day all is *ang$1 & ! f\ndations ( slav]y beg9 to %ake4 ,at t memorable epo* y w meet ) a writt5 docum5t1 ! fir/ 9 :i* is %[n 9 its g]m ! great social fact :i* 0 ab\t to h bir?4 ,x is n an emp]or's decree1 x is n ! vote ( a body politic1 x is a lett] a few l9es long writt5 by a prison] to "o ( 8 fri5ds4 ,! sub/ance ( ?is lett] 03 ,i s5d !e back ?y slave2 b 9 ! "n ( ,god ,i beg ( !e to receive him z ?y bro!r2 ?9k ( ! common ,ma/] :o is 9 heav54 ,?is lett] 0 address$--,to ,philemon2 ! "n ( ! writ] 0 ,paul4 ,x is ! fir/ *>t] ( slave emancipation4 ,pond] ?is fact1 ,g5tlem53 contemplate ! anci5t in/itution ( slav]y %ak5 to its f\ndations1 )\t be+ ! object ( any direct attack1 by ! brea? ( a new _s4 ,y w !n und]/& h[ hi/orians c tell u t ! relations ( /ates1 bellig]5t rights1 civil laws1 political in/itutions1 all ^! ?+s ( :i* ! ,gospel has nev] spok51 h be51 & are be+ /ill1 e day trans=m$ by ! sl[ action ( ! ,gospel4 ,god has appe>$2 ju/ice is m>*+ 9 ,8 tra94 ,ju/ice is ! f\ndation ( society2 b )\t ! _s ( love1 ju/ice rema9s crippl$1 & nev] rea*es its p]fection4 ,ju/ice ma9ta9s ! rights ( ea*2 love seeks to realize ! communication ( advantages among all4 ,ju/ice ov]?r[s ! artificial b>ri]s rais$ betwe5 m5 by =ce & guile2 love s(t5s natural inequalities & causes !m to turn to ! g5]al good4 ,ne$ ,i tell y t ! k ( ,god is a light ( :i* ! brighte/ ray is love to m58 ,b5evol5ce1 t feel+ natural to our he>ts1 is /r5g!n$1 ext5d$1 transfigur$1 by becom+ *>ity2--*>ity1 t union ( ! s\l ) ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 :i* desc5ds aga9 to e>? 9 lov+ communion betwe5 all ,8 *ildr54 ,! s\l sep>at$ f ,god may be consci\s ( /rong affections3 b /udy well ! "* ( a virtue :i* is n\ri%$ f purely human s\rces2 y w see t x may = ! mo/ "p be express$ 9 ^! t]ms--,to love "o's fri5ds he>tily1 & to hate "o's enemies ) a g5]\s hatr$2 to e/eem ! hone/ & to despise ! vici\s4 ,b t virtue :i* loves ! vici\s :ile x hates ! vice1 t virtue :i* w av5ge itself only by ov]com+ evil ) good1 t virtue :i*1 :ile x draws clos] ! bonds ( private affections1 makes a fri5d ( e man1 t virtue :i* we call div9e1 by a natural impulse ( our he>t--:at is ! s\rce f :i* x fl[s8 ,! foll[+ fact w suffici5tly answ] ! "q4 ,on ! faade ( "o ! hospitals ( ! ,*ri/ian _w1 are read ^! ,lat9 words1 ! brief en]gy ( :i* our language _c r5d]3 ,deo 9 paup]ibus1 ,?is edifice is consecrat$ to ,god 9 ! p]son ( ! poor4 ,"h is ! secret ( *>ity3 x disc]ns ! ,div9e image deposit$ 9 e human s\l4 ,b d n mi/ake "h3 we _c love1 ) a love natural & direct1 ! rags ( squalid pov]ty1 ! br&s ( vice1 ! languors & sores ( sickness2 b let ,god manife/ ,himself1 & our eyes are op5$4 ,! beauty ( s\ls breaks =? to our view b5ea? ! wa/+ ( ! hagg>d frame1 & f "u ! fil? ( vice4 ,we love ^? immortal creatures fall5 & degrad$2 a sacr$ desire possesses u to re/ore !m to _! true de/9ation4 ,has an arti/ discov]$ 9 a mass ( rubbi%1 "u vulg> appe>ances1 a product ( ! m>vell\s *isel ( ! ,greeks8 ,he sets himself1 ) a zeal full ( respect1 to free ! noble /atue f ! impurities :i* defile x4 ,e s\l ( man is ! "w ( art ,div9e1 & e *>itable he>t is an arti/ :o desires to labor at its re/oration4 ,h5ce=w>d we c und]/& t love ( suff]+ & ( pov]ty1 t passion = ! galleys & ! hospital1 :i* h at times ?r[n ,*ri/ians into extravagances :i* our age has no reason to dread4 ,god 9 ! poor man1 ,god 9 ! sick man1 ,god 9 ! vici\s man & ! crim9al2 ?is1 ,i repeat1 is ! gr& secret ( *>ity4 ,*>ity passes f ! he>t ( m5 & f individual practice into social cu/oms & in/itutions4 ,*>ity x is :i*1 by degrees1 takes f law its ne$less rigors1 & f ju/ice its useless tortures2 :i* sub/itutes ! prison 9 :i* x is s\ght to re=m ! guilty = ! galley1 :i* completes ! corruption ( ! crim9al2 x is *>ity t op5s public asylums = all =ms ( suff]+2 & t w realize1 up to ! limits ( :at is possible1 all ! hopes ( philan?ropy4 ,if ,god ceases to be pres5t to ! m9d & consci5ce ( m51 ju/ice & love lose _! p[]4 ,)\t ! p[]ful action ( ju/ice & ( love1 society w\ld desc5d aga91 by ! ways ( corruption1 t[>ds ! /ruggles ( b>b>ism4 ,obs]ve1 /udy well1 all t is go+ on ar\nd u4 ,does our civilization appe> to y suffici5tly solid to give y ! idea t x c h5ce=? disp5se ) ! f\ndations on :i* x has repos$ hi!rto8 ,! s5tim5ts ( ju/ice & ( b5evol5ce :i* =m ! d\ble basis ( ! progress ( society1 suppose a m g5]al s5tim5t :i* is _! common support--! s5tim5t ( humanity4 ,! idea t man has a value 9 himself1 t he is1 9 virtue ( 8 quality z man1 indep5d5tly ( ! places :i* he inhabits & ( ! position :i* he occupies 9 ! _w1 an object ( ju/ice & ( love2--?is idea includes 9 itself all ! moral "p ( civilization4 ,social progress is only ! recognition1 ev] m & m explicit1 ( ! value ( "o s\l1 ( ! rights ( "o consci5ce4 ,n[1 ! idea ( humanity has ! close/ possible connection ) ! k ( ,god1 consid]$ z ! ,fa!r ( ! human race4 ,anci5t wisdom1 sup]ior to ! wor%ip ( idols1 _h ga9$ a glimpse ( ! fact t ! philosoph] is a citiz5 ( ! univ]se2 & t fam\s l9e ( ,t]5ce3 ,i am a man1 & ,i reckon no?+ human =eign to me1 excit$1 x is said1 ! applause ( ! ,roman spectators4 ,b ^! 7 m]e gleams1 ext+ui%$ soon by ! g5]al curr5t ( ?\ght4 ,x 0 ! pale dawn ( ! idea ( humanity4 ,:5ce came ! day8 ,i w limit ! "q by def9+ x4 ,! idea ( humanity is ! idea ( ! wor? & consequ5tly ( ! rights ( ea* individual man4 ,x is ! idea ( lib]ty2 n ( lib]ty int]pret$ by passion & selfi%ness z ! inauguration ( ! lic5se :i* violates "r1 b ( lib]ty int]pret$ by reason & consci5ce z ! limit :i* ! action ( ea* man enc\nt]s 9 ! "r ( 8 neighbor4 ,we are n speak+ "h ( ! equality ( political rights1 :i* is n always a gu>antee ( v]itable lib]ty4 ,we are speak+ ( a social condition su* t man1 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 faculties1 9 ! manife/ation ( 8 ?\ghts1 9 8 ef=ts = ! causes :i* he loves1 s long z he does n violate ! rights ( o!rs1 does n meet ) an arbitr>y p[] to arre/ him4 ,/ill f>!r to limit our subject1 we %all speak ( ! mo/ important manife/ation ( t lib]ty--lib]ty ( consci5ce1 ( :i* religi\s lib]ty is ! mo/ ord9>y & mo/ complete manife/ation4 ,?is is only "o ( ! po9ts ( ! subject1 b x is a po9t :i* 9 reality supposes & includes all ! re/4 ,?is lib]ty--:5ce does x come8 ,x does n come f paganism4 ,paganism1 ) its national religions1 c\ld only produce fanaticism or d\bt4 ,ea* p hav+ its own p>ticul> religion1 to ext]m9ate ! =eign] 0 to s]ve ! cause ( ! gods ( ! c\ntry4 ,a w>-cry desc5d$ f ! ,olympus ( ea* sev]al nation--t ,olympus :i* ! gods quitt$1 9 case ( ne$1 to take "p 9 ! qu>rels ( m54 ,did reason p]ceive ! no?+ness ( ^! national div9ities8 ,!n scepticism appe>$4 ,! idea ( ! supreme ,god be+ unsettl$ ) all1 & :olly obscur$ = ! cr[d1 :5 m5 ceas$ to believe 9 ! gods ( ! nation1 !y lo/ all belief :atsoev]4 ,= ?is cause d\bt prevail$ s widely at ! decl9e ( ! anci5t _w4 ,^? pan!ons 9 :i* all religions 7 receiv$1 welcom$1 protect$1 are ! ev]-memorable temples ( scepticism4 ,n[ y "k :at voice made itself he>d1 :5 ! anci5t civilization 0 enfeebl$ by ! _s ( d\bt3 ,h5ce=? !re is nei!r ,greek nor b>b>ian1 bond nor free4 ,ye are all bre?r51 & = all !re is "o ,god1 & "o tru?3 "h behold ! root ( scepticism sev]$4 ,& ! same voice add$3 ,?is only ,god is ! lawful ,own] ( ,8 creatures2 & :5 y presume to d viol5ce to ! consci5ces :i* belong to ,him1 y "k n by :at _s y are animat$3 "h behold ! f\nta9 ( fanaticism dri$ up4 ,god is ackn[l$g$2 ,he is ! ,ma/] ( s\ls3 fai? f\nds lib]ty4 ,! ,witness to univ]sal tru? appe>s be=e ,rome z repres5t$ by a deputy ( ,cs>4 ,he is a fanatic1 says ! ,roman2 !n he goes 8 way1 & leaves ,him to be put to dea?4 ,b ere long1 a dull ho>se murmur ( ! nations1 ext5d+ ?r\gh all ! l5g? & bread? ( ! mighty empire1 gives tok5 t ,he :o 0 dead is alive aga91 & is speak+ to ! g5]al consci5ce4 ,!n ,rome />ts f h] sleep2 ,rome2 ! politic tol]ant ,rome1 %$s riv]s ( blood4 ,h] tol]ance all[$ m5 to believe ev]y?+1 b on condition t !y believ$ s]i\sly 9 no?+4 ,rome 0 direct$ by ! sure in/9ct ( despotism4 ,%e did n fe> ! gods ( ! ,pan!on1 because %e c\ld always place above !m ! /atue ( ! ,emp]or3 :]eas :at 0 n[ 9 "q 01 :ile leav+ to ,cs> ! ?+s :i* 7 ,cs>'s1 to place a ,sov]eign above ! ,emp]or1 & to raise a legislation above ! legislation ( ! empire4 ,!re=e ! ,roman city det]m9$ to give a dea?-bl[ to ,*ri/ianity1--to ! idea ( univ]sal tru?1 because if t idea ga9$ entrance into ! und]/&+1 ! cause ( ! lib]ty ( s\ls 0 ga9$4 ,s x 0 t indiff]5ce became f]oci\s1 & t d\bt l$ back to fanaticism4 ,i h told y :5ce lib]ty does n come2 b :5ce comes x8 ,:5ce comes lib]ty8 ,ask any s*ol> ( ! ,lyceums ( ,france2 he w answ] y1 )\t hesitation3 ,lib]ty comes f ! ,fr5* revolution6--,no d\bt1 :isp]s an old] comrade 9 8 e>2 b d n =get ! philosophy ( ! eighte5? c5tury :i* develop$ ! pr9ciples :i* ! revolution put 9 practice4--,t is all v well1 a ,prote/ant w say2 b let u consid] ! gr& fact ( ! ,re=mation3 x is f ! sixte5? c5tury t lib]ty has its date4--,well & good1 adds an hi/orian2 b d y n "k t ! ,g]mans 7 !y :o p\r$ a g5]\s & free blood into ! impov]i%$ blood ( ! m5 :o _h be5 fa%ion$ by ! slav]y ( ! empire8 ,i conte/ no?+1 & ,i am n suffici5tly well-in=m$ to pron\nce ) confid5ce ^u ! action ( all ^! hi/oric causes4 ,b ?is ,i v5ture to affirm1--t if any "o ?9ks to fix def9itely ! h\r :5 lib]ty 0 born 9 hi/ory1 he is mi/ak53 = x has no o!r date ?an t ( ! human consci5ce1 & ,i w say ) ,m4 ,lam>t9e3 ,give me ! fre$om :i* t h\r _h bir?1 ,) ! free s\l1 :5 fir/ 9 consci\s wor? ,! j man brav$ ! /rong]6#ca ,lib]ty _h bir? ! fir/ "t t1 urg$ by 8 fell[ m5 to acts :i* w\nd$ 8 consci5ce1 a man1 rely+ ^u ,god1 felt himself /rong] ?an ! _w4 ,t ,socrates _h n /udi$1 ,i fancy1 9 ! s*ool ( ! ,encyclop$i/s1 & 0 no ,g]man ei!r1 t ,i "k (1 :o said to ! judges ( ,a!ns1 ) dea? 9 prospect3 ,x is bett] to obey ,god ?an m54 ,& :5 ^? words 7 repeat$ by ! ,apo/les ( ! univ]sal tru?1 ! dea? ( ,socrates1 t noble dea? :i* has ju/ly ga9$ = him ! admiration ( ! univ]se1 0 reproduc$ 9 ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( in/ances4 ,*ildr51 wom51 "y girls1 old m51 p]i%$ 9 tortures to atte/ ! rights ( consci5ce2 & ! blood ( m>tyrs1 t se$ ( ,*ri/ians1 z a fa!r ( ! ,*ur* call$ x1#cb 0 n less a se$ ( lib]ty4 ,lib]ty 0 n born 9 hi/ory2 b if y wi% to fix a date to its gr&e/ outbur/1 y h x "h2 !re is no o!r :i* c be comp>$ ) x4 ,"s ( y are ?9k+ p]haps1 )\t say+ s1 t ,i am ma9ta9+ a h>d p>adox4 ,to look = ! s\rce ( lib]ty ( consci5ce 9 religion1 is n ?is to =get t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has (t5 m>k$ its passage 9 hi/ory by a long track ( blood r5d]$ visible by ! fun]eal light ( ! /ake8 ,i =get no?+1 ,sirs1 & ,i beg ( y n to =get any?+ ei!r4 ,!re are ?ree rem>ks :i* ,i comm5d to y\r att5tion4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! ,gospel fir/ obta9$ ext5sive success :5 ,roman society 0 9 ! l[e/ /ate ( corruption1 & t its repres5tatives 7 b too mu* affect$ by ! evils :i* x 0 _! mission to combat4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t !re came aft]w>ds hordes ( b>b>ians :o 9 a c]ta9 s5se r5ovat$ ! worn-out society1 b :o p\r$ ov] ! new leav5 a co>se pa/e h>d to p5etrate4 ,x mu/ n be =gott51 la/ly1 t if a cause might legitimately be condemn$ = ! faults ( its def5d]s1 !re are none1 no1 n a s+le "o1 :i* c\ld rema9 erect be=e ! tribunal :i* s %\ld give judgm5t4 ,e cause 9 ?is _w is m or less compromis$ by its repres5tatives2 b !re are bad pr9ciples1 :i* produce evil by _! own developm5t1 & !re are good pr9ciples :i* man abuses1 b :i* by _! v nature always end by rais+ a prote/ aga9/ ! abuse4 ,x is 9 ! light ( ?is indisputable tru? t we are ab\t to ent] ^u a discussion ( :i* y w appreciate ! full importance4 ,sceptical writ]s affirm t tol]ation has its orig9 9 ! weak5+ ( fai?2 &1 draw+ ! consequ5ce ( _! affirmation1 !y recomm5d ! diffusion ( ! _s ( d\bt z ! be/ means ( promot+ lib]ty ( consci5ce4 ,we h "h ! old argum5t :i* w\ld suppress ! use to get rid ( ! abuse4 ,p]secutions are made 9 ! "n ( religion2 let u get rid ( fai?1 & we %all h peace4 ,prisons h be5 built & ! /ake has be5 set up 9 ! "n ( ,god3 let u get rid ( ,god1 & we %all h tol]ation4 ,obs]ve well ! be>+ ( ?is mode ( argum5t4 ,let u get rid ( fire1 & we %all h no m conflagrations2 let u get rid ( wat]1 & no m p w be dr[n$4 ,no d\bt1--b humanity w p]i% ( dr\ght & ( cold4 ,let u exam9e ?is subject s]i\sly3 x is well wor? our :ile4 ,if tol]ation proce$s f ! enfeebl+ ( religi\s belief1 we ought among v>i\s nations to meet ) tol]ation 9 an inv]se proportion to ! degree ( _! fai?4 ,?is is a "q !n ( hi/ory4 ,let u /udy facts4 ,recollect+ fir/ ( all t anci5t ,rome did n draw =? a g]m ( lib]ty f its scepticism1 let u ?r[ a glance ov] exi/+ communities4 ,sw$5 is f> beh9d ,engl& 9 reg>d to lib]ty ( consci5ce4 ,is x t religi\s convictions are weak] 9 ,engl& ?an 9 ,sw$58 ,has ! religi\s lib]ty :i* ,great ,brita9 practises sprung f indiff]5ce8 ,is x n r t t l& produces an en]getic race1 & t x has be5 s (t5 dr5*$ ) ! blood ( ! foll[]s ( diff]5t =ms ( wor%ip1 t t blood cri$ at l5g? to heav51 & t ! consci5ce ( ! p he>d x8 ,!re is m religi\s lib]ty 9 ,france ?an 9 ,spa94 ,is x ! case t ! true cause ( ! intol]ance ( ! ,spani% p is a m lively & m g5]al fai? ?an t ( ! ,fr5*8 ,t is n s c]ta94 ,switz]l& is "o ( ! c\ntries 9 :i* is enjoy$ ! greate/ lib]ty ( op9ion4 ,is ,switz]l& a l& ( indiff]5ce8 ,0 n ! comp>ative firmness ( its citiz5s' convictions rem>k$ dur+ ! conflicts ( ! la/ c5tury8 ,d n ! ,unit$ ,/ates be> 9 l>ge *>act]s ^u _! bann] ?is inscription3 ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,consci5ce8 ,am]ica is n di/+ui%$ z a c\ntry )\t religion2 on ! contr>y1 x is blam$ = ! excursiv5ess ( its fai?1 = ! multiplicity & sometimes = ! extravagance ( its sects4 ,0 x a sceptic t taught ! inhabitants ( ! ,new ,_w to respect religi\s convictions8 ,assur$ly n6 ,william ,p5n 0 %ut up 9 ! ,t[] ( ,london = ! crime ( free ?\ght4 ,set free f prison1 he cross$ ! ocean4 ,:ile intol]ance 0 reign+ /ill on bo? %ores ( ! ,atlantic1 he f\nd$ 9 ,p5nsylvania a place ( refuge = all proscrib$ op9ions2 & ! g]m has be5 fruitful4 ,9 va9 ,i pass f old ,europe to "y ,am]ica2 ,i look1 ,i obs]ve1 & ,i d n see t lib]ty is develop$ 9 proportion to ! scepticism & ! incr$ulity ( nations4 ,i seem1 on ! contr>y1 to see t !re is p]haps mo/ lib]ty :]e !re is mo/ real fai?4 ,"s may dispute ! validity ( ^! conclusions by rem>k+ t ! condition ( communities is a complex ph5om5on dep5d+ ^u div]s causes4 ,let u simplify ! "q4 ,is x n1 x w be said1 ! lit]>y repres5tatives ( ! _s ( d\bt :o h dem&$ & f\nd$ tol]ation8 ,is x n4444 ,b x is n necess>y = my suppos$ que/ion] to g on4 ,if he is a ,fr5*man1 he w "n ,voltaire4 ,no d\bt1 fre$om ( op9ion has be5 claim$ by sceptics4 ,!y h s]v$ a good cause2 let u "k h[ to rejoice 9 ! fact1 & n to be unm9dful ( :at !re may h be5 9 _! "w ( noble impulses & g5]\s inspirations4 ,let u rem>k h[ev] t e proscrib$ op9ion puts =? a natural claim to ! lib]ty ( :i* x is depriv$4 ,b x is "o ?+ to claim = "o's-self a lib]ty "o w\ld gladly make use ( to oppress o!rs1 & x is ano!r ?+ to dem& lib]ty s]i\sly & = all4 ,!re 01 z ,i am glad to believe1 a c]ta9 natural g5]osity 9 ! motives :i* l$ ,voltaire to consecrate to noble causes a p5 s (t5 sold to evil4 ,/ill x is impossible n to suspect t if t apo/le ( tol]ation _h _h a pr9cipality "u 8 own sway1 ! fact ( ?9k+ diff]5tly f ! ma/] w\ld v soon h figur$ among ! numb] ( del9qu5cies4 ,! patri>* ( ,f]ney wrote 9 favor ( tol]ation2 "s fri5ds ( religi\s indiff]5ce h plead$ ! cause ( lib]ty ( consci5ce3 ! fact is c]ta94 ,b o!r writ]s1 animat$ by a liv+ fai?1 h also dem&$ lib]ty = all3 ! fact is n less c]ta94 ,"s ye>s ago1 at ne>ly ! same epo*1 ! ,pre ,lacordaire & our own ,alex&] ,v9et consecrat$ to ?is noble cause1 ! =m] ! attractive brilliancy ( 8 eloqu5ce1 ! latt] all ! f95ess ( 8 delicate analyses4 ,! fri5ds ( ,lacordaire are ga!r+ up ! vibrations ( t /rik+ utt]ance :i* proclaim$3 ,lib]ty slays n ,god4#cc ,let u ga!r up also ! good words1 :i*1 utt]$ on ! bord]s ( our lake1 h ga9$ entrance f> & ne> into _m he>ts4 ,i %\ld l to take su* & su* a ,p>isian j\rnali/1 br+ him into our mid/1 & get him to acqua9t himself ?or\ghly ) ! results ( our exp]i5ce2 ,i %\ld l to conduct him to ! cemet]y ( ,cl>5s1 place him by ! tomb ( ,v9et1 & tell him :at t man 04--,if1 z he return$ to 8 home1 my j\rnali/ did n leave beh9d him at ! ,fr5* fronti]1 z contrab& m]*&ise1 all t he w\ld h se5 & le>nt 9 our c\ntry1 he w\ld p]haps und]/& t ! sure/ road by :i* to arrive at respect = ! consci5ces ( o!rs is n indiff]5ce1 b firmness ( fai?1 9 humility ( he>t1 & l>g5ess ( ?\ght4 ,all ! writ]s :o h devot$ _! p5 to ! def5ce ( ! rights ( ! human s\l h n !re=e be5 sceptics4 ,)\t cont9u+ ?is discussion ( prop] names1 let u settle :at is "h ! true place ( writ]s4 ,be=e !re are m5 :o dem& lib]ty & dige/ ! !ory ( x1 !re mu/ be o!r m5 :o take x1 & :o suff] = hav+ tak5 x4 ,if lib]ty is consolidat$ ) spee* & p51 x is f\nd$ ) te>s & blood2 & ! sceptical apo/les ( tol]ation conv5i5tly usurp ! place ( ! m>tyrs ( conviction4 ,:at we want1 rightly obs]ves a revolution>y writ]1 is free m51 r ?an lib]ators ( humanity4#cd ,9 fact1 lib]ty comes to u above all f ^? :o h suff]$ = x4 ,its liv+ spr+s are 9 ! _s ( fai?1 & n1 z !y tea* u1 9 ! _s ( indiff]5ce4 ,x is easy to und]/&1 t :]e no "o believes1 ! lib]ty to believe w\ld n be claim$ by any "o4 ,let u n[ endeavor to p5etrate bel[ facts1 9 ord] to br+ back ! discussion to sure pr9ciples4 ,let u ask :at1 9 reg>d to lib]ty ( consci5ce1 are ! natural consequ5ces ( fai?1 & ! natural consequ5ces ( scepticism4 ,fai? does appe>1 at fir/ sight1 a s\rce ( intol]ance4 ,! man :o believes1 reckons himself 9 possession ( ! "r 9 reg>d to tru?1 & to ,god2 he has no?+ to respect 9 error4 ,?us x is t belief naturally eng5d]s p]secution4 ,?is reason+ is speci\s1 all ! m z x is support$ by num]\s & t]rible examples2 b let u look at ?+s m closely4 ,place y\rselves face to face ) any "o ( y\r convictions1 no matt] :i*2 ,i hope !re is no "o ( y s un=tunate z n to h any4 ,suppose t x 7 desir$ to impose ^u y by =ce ev5 ! conviction :i* y h4 ,suppose t an (fic] ( police came to say to y1 pron\nc+ at ! same "t ! words :i* be/ express$ y\r own ?\ghts3 y are comm&$ s to believe4 ,:at w\ld happ58 ,if y _h nev] _h a d\bt ( y\r fai?1 y w\ld be tempt$ to d\bt x1 ! mom5t any human p[] presum$ to impose x ^u y4 ,! feel+ ( oppression w\ld produce 9 y\r consci5ce a /rong incl9ation to revolt4 ,let u analyze ?is feel+4 ,y feel t x is words1 n convictions1 :i* are impos$ by =ce2 y feel t decl>ations extort$ by fe> f ly+ lips are an outrage to tru?4 ,y feel1 9 a ^w1 t y\r belief is ! "r ( ,god ov] y1 & n ! "r ( y\r neighbor4 ,m5 respect ,god's "r ov] ! s\ls ( _! fell[-m51 9 proportion z !y are intellig5t 9 _! own fai?4 ,! fanaticism :i* w\ld impose words by =ce is n an ard5t b a bl9d fai?4 ,9 ord] to br+ x back into ! pa?s ( lib]ty1 x is en\gh to re/ore to x its sight4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ri/ian religion furni%es a great example 9 support ( our !sis4 ,! ,*ri/ians1 :5 p]secut$ by ! empire1 _h nev] all[$ !mselves to reply to ! viol5ce ( p[] by ! viol5ce ( rebellion4 ,!re came1 h[ev]1 & soon en\gh1 a "t :5 !y 7 suffici5tly num]\s to def5d !mselves1 & _h )al ! consci\sness ( _! /r5g?2 b !y _h no w to conqu] ! _w1 except by ! arms ( m>tyrdom1 & h]oism1 & ob$i5ce4 ,?is 0 n ! case dur+ a few ye>s only1 x is ! hi/ory ( ?ree c5turies1 an ev]-memorable page ( human annals1 9 :i* all ages w be able to le>n :at are ! true weapons ( tru?4 ,*ri/5dom1 too (t5 =getful ( its orig91 has 9 lat] times all[$ ! fury ( p]secution to cloak itself "u a pret5d$ reg>d = sacr$ int]e/s2 b ! rem$y has proce$$ f ! v evil4 ,! ,*ri/ian consci5ce has prote/$1 9 ! "n ( ! ,gospel1 aga9/ ! crimes ( :i* ! ,gospel 0 ! pretext1 & ! passions ( m5 ! cause4 ,we mu/ bewail ! mis]y & error ( our "t1 already ,/4 ,hil>y 0 exclaim+1 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,m5 are ?9k+ t ,god has ne$ ( ! protection ( m54444 ,! ,*ur* is utt]+ ?reats ( bani%m5t & imprisonm5t1 & desir+ to compel belief by =ce1--! ,*ur*1 :i* itself acquir$ /r5g? 9 exile & 9 prisons6 ,true fai?1 !n1 possesses a pr9ciple by :i* x prote/s aga9/ abuses :i* x is s\ght to cloak "u its "n1 & ?is prote/ comes at la/ to make itself he>d4 ,fai? suppress$1 ! passions w rema91 = 9 ord] to be a sa9t1 x is n en\gh to be a sceptic4 ,! passions w look = o!r pretexts4 ,w n ! _s ( d\bt (f] !m su* pretexts8 ,x seems at fir/ sight t d\bt mu/ promote tol]ation1 s9ce x does n all[ any importance to be atta*$ to op9ions4 ,?is is a speci\s conclusion1 simil> to t :i* plac$ 9 belief ! s\rce ( intol]ant passions4 ,let u once m reflect a little4 ,! fir/ effect ( d\bt is c]ta9ly to dispose ! m9d to leave a free c\rse to all op9ions2 b disda9 is n ! way to respect1 & only respect c give solid bases to ! _s ( lib]ty4 ,believ]s are 9 ! eyes ( ! sceptic weak-m9d$ p]sons1 :om he treats at fir/ ) a g5tle & patroniz+ compassion4 ,b ^! weak m9ds gr[ ob/9ate2 ! sceptic p]ceives t !y d n b5d be=e 8 sup]iority1 & d>e p]haps to consid] !mselves z 8 equals4 ,!n irritation arises1 &1 b5ea? ! velvet paw1 "o feels ! pi]c+ ( ! claw4 ,! sceptic has 9 fact a dogma2 he has b "o1 b "o he has aft] all--! negation ( tru?4 ,! fai? ( o!rs is a prote/ aga9/ t s+le dogma on :i* he has conc5trat$ all ! p[]s ( 8 conviction4 ,he is passionately 9 e>ne/ = ?is negation2 he feels himself ! repres5tative ( an idea1 ( :i* he mu/ secure ! triumph4 ,n[ come su* surmis+s z ^!3 ,"h are m5 :o ?9k !mselves ! deposit>ies ( tru?6 ,^! pret5d$ believ]s--may !y n be hypocrites8 ,place m5 s dispos$ 9 positions ( p[]2 let !m be ! ma/]s ( society2 :at w foll[8 ,beliefs are a cause ( di/urbances3 :at seem$ at fir/ an innoc5t weakness1 takes !n ! "* ( a dang]\s madness4 ,= ! politician1 ! temptation to extirpate ?is madness is n f> (f4 ,:at if we 7 to get rid ( ?is tr\blesome s\rce ( agitation6 ,if we decl>$ t ! consci5ce ( individuals belongs to ! sov]eign1 :at repose we %\ld h 9 ! ,/ate6 ,if we proclaim$ ! true mod]n dogma1 namely1 t !re is no dogma2 if sil5c+1 9 %ort1 fanatics :o are beh9d _! age1 we decre$ t e belief is a crime & e manife/ation ( fai? a revolt1 :at quiet 9 society6 ,! incl9e is slipp]y1 & :at %all hold back ! sceptic :o is desc5d+ x8 ,fai? c>ries ) x ! rem$y = fanaticism1 b :]e %all be f\nd ! rem$y = ! fanaticism ( d\bt8 ,9 ! claims ( ,god8 ,god is b a ^w1 or a wor?less hypo!sis4 ,9 respect = ! convictions ( o!rs8 ,all conviction is b weakness & folly4 ,all ?is1 be well assur$1 gives mu* matt] = reflection4 ,:5 ,i he> "s m5 :o call !mselves lib]al1 trac+ ! ideal ( ! society :i* !y desire1 ! b>e imag9ation ( _! triumph fright5s me1 = ,i c und]/& t t society w\ld enjoy ! lib]ty ( ! ,roman empire1 & ! tol]ation ( ! ,cs>s4 ,su* are ! consequ5ces ( scepticism = ! lead]s ( a p4 ,:at w ^? consequ5ces be = ! p !mselves8 ,! _s ( indiff]5ce p>alyzes ! s\rces ( g5]\s s5tim5ts1 & ends 9 ! same results z ! _s ( c[>dice4 ,& d y n "k ! "p :i* c[>dice has play$ 9 hi/ory8 ,if ,i may v5ture to call up "h ! mo/ m\rnful recollections ( mod]n times1 d y n "k t dur+ ! ,reign ( ,t]ror1 two or ?ree hundr$ sc\ndrels in/itut$ public massacres 9 ! ,capital ( ,france1 9 ! mid/ ( a population %udd]+ ) fright1 b :o let ?+s g8 ,n[ ! *>act]i/ic ( indiff]5ce is ! lett+ ?+s g4 ,if fanaticism has some?+ to d ) p]secution1 indiff]5ce has a great deal to d ) x4 ,! crimes :i* m9ds p>alyz$ by d\bt all[ to be p]petrat$ h besides a sadd] "* ?an ^? :i* are p]petrat$ by passions1 :i*1 wild & err+ ?\gh !y be1 h a c]ta9 nobl5ess 9 _! orig94 ,if ,i mu/ be b\nd to ! /ake1 ,i _h r burn ) ! bl9d ass5t ( a fanatical cr[d1 ?an 9 ! pres5ce ( an indiff]5t populace :o came to look on4 ,= j z sceptics f9d all doctr9es equally good1 s !y f9d all spectacles equally in/ructive & curi\s4#ce ,i h felt x necess>y to insi/ on ^! consid]ations4 ,direct attacks ^u religi\s tru? are p]haps less dang]\s ?an ! ef=ts by :i* mod]n infidelity endeavors to e/range u f ,god1 by p]suad+ u t d\bt is ! gu>antee ( lib]ty1 & t belief rivets ! *a9s ( bondage4 ,_m consci5ces are di/urb$ by ^! affirmations4 ,x conc]ns u !re=e to "k t ,god is ! great ,lib]ator ( s\ls1 & t =getfulness ( ,god is ! road to slav]y4 ,! fai? :i* seeks to propagate itself by =ce inflicts ^u itself ! h>%e/ ( contradictions4 ,! _s ( d\bt1 9 ord] to become ! _s ( viol5ce1 has only to trans=m itself accord+ to ! laws ( its prop] nature4 ,& n[ to sum up4 ,"o ( ! noble/ spectacles t e>? c %[1 is t ( a community animat$ ) a true & pr(\nd fai?1 9 :i* ea* man1 us+ 8 be/ ef=ts to communicate 8 convictions to 8 bre?r51 respects ! :ile t :i* belongs to ,god 9 ! inviolable asylum ( ! consci5ce ( o!rs4 ,b woe to ! society =m$ by sophi/s1 9 :i* op9ion1 b5umb$ by d\bt & indiff]5ce1 ar\ses itself only to devote to hatr$ or to contempt e firm & noble conviction6 ,to unsettle ! idea ( ,god1 is to dry up its s\rce ! /ream ( ! v]itable progress ( mod]n society2 x is to attack ! f\ndations ( lib]ty1 ju/ice1 & love4 ,! mat]ial conque/s ( civilization w\ld s]ve !nce=w>d only to ha/5 ! decomposition ( ! social body4 ,! pure idea ( ,god is ! true cause ( ! great progress ( ! mod]n era2 religion1 9 its g5]ality1 is1 z ,plut>* has told u1 ! necess>y condition to ! v exi/5ce ( society4 ,?is is :at rema9s = u to prove4 ,h[ sacr$ is ! society ( citiz5s1 said ,cic]o1 :5 ! immortal gods are int]pos$ betwe5 !m z judges & z witnesses4#cf ,let u raise /ill high] ?is l(ty ?\ght1 & say3 ,h[ sacr$ is human society1 :51 b5ea? ! eye ( ! common ,fa!r1 ! inequalities ( life are accept$ ) pati5ce & s(t5$ by love2 :5 ! poor & ! ri*1 z !y meet toge!r1 rememb] t ! ,"l is ! ,mak] ( !m bo?2 :5 a hope ( immortality alleviates pres5t evils1 & :5 ! consci\sness ( a common dignity r$uces to _! true value ! pass+ diff]5ces ( life6 ,take away f human society ,god z m$iator1 & ! hopes f\nd$ 9 ,god z a s\rce ( consolation1 & :at w\ld y h rema9+8 ,! /ruggle ( ! poor aga9/ ! ri*1 ! envy ( ! ignorant direct$ aga9/ ! man :o has k1 ! dull>d's l[ jeal\sy ( sup]ior intellig5ce1 hatr$ ( all sup]iority1 &1 by an almo/ inevitable reaction1 ! ob/9ate def5ce ( all abuses1--9 "o ^w1 w>--w> admitt+ nei!r ( rem$y nor truce4 ,su* is ! mo/ app>5t dang] :i* n[ ?reat5s society4 ,:5 ,i consid] ^! facts ) att5tion1 ,i am a/oni%$ e day t society subsi/s at all1 t ! burn+ lava ( unruly passions does n (t5] make l>ge fissures 9 ! social soil1 & ov]fl[ 9 deva/at+ torr5ts1 be>+ away at once palace & cottage1 field & work%op4 ,?is /&+ dang] is draw+ anxi\s att5tion1 & we he> ! old adage repeat$3 ,!re mu/ be a religion = ! p4 ,!re are m5 :o wi% to give ! p a religion :i* !y !mselves d n possess1 act+ l a man :o1 at once poor & o/5tati\s1 %\ld give alms ) c\nt]feit money4 ,& :at result d !y atta98 ,we mu/ h a religion = ! p1 say ! politicians1 t !y may secure ! ends !y h 9 view1 & conduct at _! own pleasure ! h]ds at _! disposal4 ,we mu/ h a religion = ! p1 say ! ri*1 9 ord] to keep peaceably _! prop]ty & _! incomes4 ,we mu/ h a religion = ! p1 say ! savants1 9 ord] to rema9 quiet 9 _! /udies1 or 9 _! academic *airs4 ,:at are !y do+--^! m5 )\t ,god1 :o wi% to pres]ve a fai? = ! use ( ! p8 ,^! savants1--!y say1 & pr9t x1 t religion is an error necess>y = ! multitudes :o are incapable ( ris+ to philosophy4 ,:]e is x t !y say x1 & pr9t x8 ,is x 9 draw+-rooms ) clos$ doors8 ,is x )9 ! walls ( ,univ]sities1 or 9 sci5tific publications :i* are out ( ! rea* ( ! masses8 ,no4 ,!y say x 9 political j\rnals1 9 reviews read by all ! _w2 !y pr9t x at full 9 books :i* are sold by ?\s&s ( copies4 ,_! words are spread+ l a delet]i\s miasma ?r\gh all classes ( society4 ,?\ghtless m56 7,i am unwill+ to suppose a cool calculation on _! "p ( money or ( fame :i* %\ld oblige me to say--he>tless m571 ?\ghtless m56 !y d n see ! inevitable consequ5ces ( _! own proce$+4 ,! p he> & und]/&4 ,! intellectual b>ri]s betwe5 ! diff]5t classes ( society are gradually becom+ l[]3 ?is is "o ( ! cle>e/ ( ! ways ( ,provid5ce 9 our "t4 ,d y believe t ! p w long cons5t to he> x said t !y only live on errors1 b t ^? errors are necess>y = !m8 ,d y n see t !y are ab\t to rise1 & answ]1 9 ! s5tim5t ( _! own dignity1 t !y w no long] be deceiv$1 & t !y int5d to deliv] !mselves also f sup]/ition8 ,!n1 all re/ra9+ b>ri]s remov$1 passions w h free c\rse2 & believe me1 ! ris+ floods w n respect ^? quiet haunts ( /udy 9 :i* !y w h _h "o ( _! spr+s4 ,! pro( ( ?is has be5 se5 be=e4 ,"s m5 ( ! la/ c5tury wi%$ to de/roy religion among/ dec5t folk1 b n = ! rabble3 !y are ,voltaire's words1 :o _h too mu* good s5se to be an a!i/1 b ^: pale deism is sometimes sc>cely di/+ui%able f ! negation ( ,god4 ,y\r ,maje/y1 ?us he wrote to 8 fri5d ! ,k+ ( ,prussia1 9 ,janu>y1 #ageg1 w r5d] an et]nal s]vice to ! human race1 by de/roy+ t infam\s sup]/ition1 ,i d n say among/ ! rabble1 :i* is n wor?y to be enlight5$1 & to :i* all yokes are suitable1 b among/ hone/ p4 ,a religion 0 necess>y = ! p2 b ,voltaire & ! ,k+ ( ,prussia1 ! ,g]man b>ons1 ! ,fr5* m>quises1 & ! ladies :o receiv$ _! homage1 c\ld d )\t x4 ,voltaire di$ be=e eat+ ( ! fruit ( 8 works2 & ,alfr$ de ,musset c\ld only address to him 8 v5geful apo/rophe at 8 tomb3 ,sleep'/ ?\ cont5t1 & does ?y hide\s smile ,/ill flit1 ,voltaire1 above ?y fle%less bones8#cg ,voltaire 0 dead2 b _m ( 8 fri5ds & disciples 7 able to m$itate1 9 ! prisons ( ! ,t]ror & z !y m\nt$ ! /eps ( ! scaffold1 on ! nature ( ! t]rible game :i* !y _h play$--& lo/4 ,s x f>es ) m5 ( lett]s :o h no ,god1 b :o w\ld h a religion = ! p4 ,o!r m5 !re are :o w\ld h a religion = ! p1 be+ !mselves ! :ile )\t re/ra9t1 because !y are )\t religi\s convictions4 ,!y ab&on !mselves to ! ard5t pursuit ( ri*es1 excitem5ts1 worldly pleasures4 ,^! are !y :o h made a =tune by disgraceful means1 p]haps ! public sale ( _! consci5ces1 & :o by _! luxuri\s extravagance ov]:elm ! hone/ & economical work+-man4 ,^! are ! c\rtesans :o p>ade 9 broad daylight ! spl5did rew>ds ( _! own infamy4 ,let n su* deceive !mselves6 ,! p see ^! ?+s2 !y =m _! judgm5t ( !m1 & if !y give way to ! bad in/9cts :i* are 9 u all1 :]e ,god is n 9 ! he>t to re/ra9 !m1 to _! hatr$ is add$ contempt4 ,if !y are =cibly kept back f realiz+ _! *]i%$ hopes1 !y adj\rn !m1 b )\t r5\nc+ !m4 ,put away all belief 9 ,god1 & y w see ! action & reaction ( human passions =m+1 z x 71 a mass ( opposite electricities1 & prep>+ ! ?und]-peal & ! furies ( ! tempe/4 ,!n appe> ^? disorganiz$ societies :i* are t]rifi$ at _! own dissolution1 until a /rong man comes1 &1 tak+ advantage ( ?is v t]ror1 takes & *a/ises ^! societies1 z "o *a/ises an unruly *ild4 ,x is a /ory at once old & new1 because1 9 proportion z ,god )draws f human society1 9 t same proportion ! p[] ( ! sword replaces ! empire ( ! consci5ce4 ,!re mu/ be a religion = ! p6 ,yes1 ,sirs1 b = t p1 wide z humanity1 :i* includes u all4 ,if ! exi/5ce ( ,god is d5i$1 man falls into despair1 & society into dissolution4 ,:at !n is my inf]5ce8 ,t a!ism is false4 ,su* a mode ( argu+ produces an outcry4 ,a matt] ( s5tim5t6 m5 exclaim4 ,y w\ld build up a doctr9e accord+ to y\r own fancy6 ,y d n discuss ! "q calmly1 b appeal to int]e/s & prejudices3 y quit ! doma9 ( sci5ce1 :i* takes cognizance only ( facts & reason+4 ,su* expressions are common en\gh to make x wor? :ile to /udy _! value4 ,( c\rse1 sci5ce mu/ n be an in/rum5t ( our caprice4 ,we are b\nd to se>* = tru?2 & we are unfai?ful to our obligations if we try to e/abli% doctr9es :i* s]ve our passions1 or favor our int]e/s1 or flatt] our ta/es & our prejudices4 ,b ! consci5ce1 ! he>t1 ! conditions ( ! exi/5ce ( human society1 are nei!r prejudices nor p]sonal int]e/s2 !y are et]nal & liv+ realities4 ,we speak ( ! consci5ce1 ( ! he>t1 ( society1 & !y answ] u3 ,we d n believe t !re are true sci5ces 9 t doma92 we only wi% = facts4 ,occasionally we he> naturali/s speak 9 ?is way4 ,we only wi% = facts6 ,!n our ?\ghts1 our feel+s1 our consci5ce are n facts6 ,! man :o w give ! close/ obs]vation to ! /eps ( a fly1 or to a cat]pill>'s me?od ( crawl+1 has n a mom5t's att5tion to give to ! impulses ( ! he>t1 to ! rules ( duty1 to ! /ruggles ( ! w2 & :5 address$ on ! subject ( ^! realities ( ! s\l1 ! mo/ c]ta9 ( all realities1 he w reply3 ,t is no bus9ess ( m9e1 ,i want no?+ b facts4 ,let u pass f ?is ab]ration1 & li/5 = a mom5t to o!r objectors4 ,we d n d5y1 x is (t5 said1 ! reality ( our feel+s4 ,man desires happ9ess1 & seeks x 9 religi\s belief2 b ?is is an ord] ( ?+s :i* sci5ce _c take acc\nt (4 ,sci5ce has only tru? = its object1 & owes its own exi/5ce :olly to ! reason4 ,if x happ5s to sci5ce to give pa9 to ! he>t or to ! consci5ce1 no conclusion c !nce be drawn aga9/ ! c]ta9ty ( its results4 ,!re is no common]1 & at ! same "t faulti]1 way ( reason+1 ?an t ( object+ to a philosophical hypo!sis ! injury x may d to morals & to religion4 ,:5 an op9ion leads to absurdity1 x is c]ta9ly false2 b x is n c]ta9 t x is false because x entails dang]\s consequ5ces4#ch ,s wrote ! patri>* ( mod]n sceptics1 ! ,scot*man ,hume4 ,! lesson has be5 well le>nt2 x is repeat$ to u1 )\t end1 9 ! columns ( ! lead+ j\rnals ( ,france1 & 9 ! pages ( ! ,revue des deux ,mondes4 ,! adv]s>ies ( spiritual beliefs h *ang$ _! tactics4 ,9 ! la/ c5tury1 !y repli$ to m9ds al>m$ = ! consequ5ces ( _! "w3 ,tru? c nev] d h>m4--,tru? c nev] d h>m1 retort$ ,j4,j4 ,r\sseau3 ,i believe x z y d1 & ?is x is t proves to me t y\r doctr9es are n tru?4 ,! argum5t is conclusive4 ,s ! adv]s>y has tak5 up ano!r position2 & he says at ?is day3--,our doctr9es d p]haps pa9 ! he>t1 & w\nd ! consci5ce1 b ?is is no reason :y !y %\ld be false3 moral goodness1 utility1 happ9ess1 are n signs by :i* we may "k :at is true4 ,philosophy1 ,g5tlem51 has always assum$ to be ! univ]sal explanation ( ?+s1 & y w agree t x is on h] "p a humiliat+ av[al1 t %e is enclos$1 namely1 9 a circle ( pure reason1 & leaves out ( view1 z be+ unable to give any acc\nt ( !m1 ! great realities :i* are call$ moral goodness & happ9ess4 ,"o might ask :at are ! bases ( t sci5ce :i* disav[s1 )\t emotion1 ! mo/ active p[]s ( human nature4 ,"o might ask :e!r ^? :o s speak1 und]/& well ! mean+ ( _! own words2 & inquire also :at is ! me?od :i* !y employ1 & ! result at :i* !y aim4 ,"o might ask :e!r ^! philosoph]s are n l a/ronom]s :o %\ld say3 ,"h are our calculations4 ,x matt]s no?+ to u :e!r ! />s 9 _! obs]v$ c\rse d or d n agree ) !m4 ,sci5ce is sov]eign2 x is am5able only to its own laws1 & visible realities _c be objections 9 ! way ( its calculations4 ,let u leave ^! prelim9>y rem>ks1 & let u come to ! core ( ! controv]sy4 ,!y set ! reason on "o side1 ! consci5ce & he>t ^u ! o!r1 z an anatomi/ sep>ates ! organic portions ( a corpse1 & !y say3 ,tru? belongs only to ! reason2 ! consci5ce & ! he>t h no admission into sci5ce4 ,li/5 to ! foll[+ express decl>ation ( ! weightie/1 p]haps1 ( ,fr5* contempor>y philosoph]s3 ,! ,god ( ! pure reason is ! only true ,god2 ! ,god ( ! imag9ation1 ! ,god ( ! feel+s1 ! ,god ( ! consci5ce1 are only idols6#ci ,x is impossible to accept ?is arbitr>y division ( ! div9e attributes4 ,!re is b "o & ! same ,god1 ! ,sub/ance ( tru?1 ! inexhau/ible ,s\rce ( beauty1 ! supreme ,law ( ! wills creat$ to accompli% ! designs ( ,8 m]cy4 ,! consci5ce1 ! he>t1 ! reason rise equally t[>ds ,him1 foll[+ ! triple ray :i* desc5ds f ,8 et]nity ^u our transitory exi/5ce4 ,we _c !re=e s]i\sly admit t ,god ( ! pure reason1 sep>at$ f ! ,god ( ! consci5ce & ( ! he>t4 ,/ill let u endeavor to make ?is concession1 = argum5t's sake1 to our philosoph]4 ,let u suppose t ! reason has a ,god to itself1 a ,god = ! metaphysicians :o is n ! ,god ( ! vulg>4 ,be=e we immolate ^u ,8 alt> ! consci5ce & ! he>t1 x is wor? our :ile to exam9e :e!r ! /atue ( ! ,god ( ! reason re/s ^u a solid p$e/al4 ,"h are ! !ses :i* are propos$ to u3 ,x is impossible = our feel+s to supply any light = sci5ce4 ,tru? may be gloomy1 & despair may ga9 its cause4 ,virtue may be wrong1 & immorality may be ! true4 ,reason alone judges ( t :i* is4 ,i answ]3 ,human nature has always eag]ly foll[$ aft] happ9ess4 ,human nature has always ackn[l$g$1 ev5 :ile violat+ x1 a rule ( duty4 ,! he>t is n an accid5t1 ! consci5ce is n a prejudice3 !y are1 & by ! same "r z ! reason1 con/itu5t elem5ts ( our spiritual exi/5ce4 ,if !re exi/ an irreconcilable antagonism betwe5 sci5ce & life2 if ! he>t1 9 its fundam5tal & univ]sal aspirations1 is ! victim ( an illusion1 if ! consci5ce 9 its cle>e/ admonitions is only a tea*] ( error1 :at is our position8 ,9 :at ,i am n[ say+1 ,g5tlem51 ,i am n appeal+ to y\r feel+s2 ! bus9ess is to foll[1 ) calm att5tion1 a piece ( exact reason+4 ,if ! he>t deceives u1 if ! voice ( duty leads u a/ray1 ! disord] is at ! v core ( our be+2 our nature is ill con/ruct$4 ,if our nature is ill con/ruct$1 :at w>rants to u our reason8 ,no?+4 ,:at assures u t our axioms are good1 & t our reason+s h any value8 ,no?+4 ,! life ( ! s\l _c be arbitr>ily clov5 9 twa92 x mu/ be held = good 9 all its con/itu5t elem5ts1 or envelop$ :olly & entirely 9 ! %ades ( d\bt4 ,if ! he>t & consci5ce deceive u1 !n reason may lead u a/ray1 & ! v idea ( tru? disappe>s4 ,god is ! light ( ! spiritual _w4 ,we prove ,8 exi/5ce by %[+ t )\t ,him all returns to d>kness4 ,?is demon/ration is z good z ano!r4 ,,footnotes3 #bf ,*ri/ian ,/ates h giv5 ! =ce ( law to in/itutions1 su*1 = in/ance1 z monogamy1 :i* date _! orig9 f ! ,gospel records4 ,"h we h ! normal developm5t ( civilization3 religi\s fai? enlight5s ! g5]al consci5ce1 & reveals to x ! true conditions ( social progress4 ,9 ?is ord] ( ?+s1 x is n a "q ( beliefs1 b ( acts impos$ 9 ! "n ( ! int]e/s ( society4 ,! /ate may take acc\nt ( ! religi\s beliefs ( its subjects1 & ent] into su* relations z may seem to x conv5i5t ) ! ecclesia/ical au?orities3 ?is is ! basis ( ! sy/em ( concordats1 a sy/em :i* has no?+ 9 x contr>y to fir/ pr9ciples1 s long z lib]ty is ma9ta9$4 ,b ! e/abli%m5t ( national religions1 decre$ by ! temporal p[] & v>y+ 9 diff]5t /ates1 manife/ly supposes a f\ndation ( scepticism4 ,= ! idea ( tru?1 "o & univ]sal 9 itself1 is sub/itut$ ! idea ( decisions obligatory = ^? only :o are "u ! jurisdiction ( a def9ite political body4 ,if ! ,/ate1 )\t pret5d+ to decree dogma1 receives x f ! h&s ( ! ,*ur*1 & imposes x ^u its subjects1 x seems at fir/ t ! temporal p[] has plac$ itself at ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur*1 b t ! idea ( tru? is pres]v$4 ,b :5 ! "q is /udi$ m closely1 x is se5 t ?is is n ! case1 & t ! /ate usurps 9 fact1 9 ?is comb9ation1 ! attributes ( ! spiritual p[]4 ,9 fact1 be=e protect+ ! true religion1 x is necess>y to asc]ta9 :i* x is2 & 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! true religion1 ! political p[] mu/ con/itute itself judge ( religi\s tru?4 ,s we come back1 by a dt\r1 to ! conception ( national religions4 ,! ,emp]or ( ,russia & ! ,emp]or ( ,au/ria w inquire respectively :i* is ! only true religion1 to ! exclusive ma9t5ance ( :i* !y are to consecrate _! temporal p[]4 ,to ! same "q !y w give two diff]5t replies2 & ea* nation w h its own =m ( wor%ip1 j z ea* nation has its own rul]4 #bg ,etudes ori5tales1 #ahfa4 #bh ,unit morale des peuples mod]nes1--a lecture deliv]$ at ,lyons1 #aj ,april1 #ahci4 ,?is lecture is ins]t$ aft] ! ,gnie des ,religions 9 ! complete works ( ! au?or4 #bi ,franck1 ,philosophie du droit ecclsia/ique1 pages #aag & #aah4 #cj ,s*midt1 ,essai hi/orique sur la ,socit civile dans le monde roma94 ,bk4 #a4 *4 #c4 #ca ,la lib]t que j'aime e/ ne avec notre me ,le j\r o le plus ju/e a brav le plus =t4 #cb ,t]tullian4 #cc ,le ,pre ,lacordaire1 by ! ,comte de ,montalemb]t1 p4 #be4 #cd ,de l'autre rive1 by ,isc&] 79 ,russian74 ,isc&] is ! pseudonyme ( ,m4 ,h]z54 #ce ,! man ( ?\ght kn[s t ! _w only belongs to him z a subject ( /udy1 &1 ev5 if he c\ld re=m x1 p]haps he w\ld f9d x s curi\s z x is t he w\ld n h ! c\rage to d s4--,erne/ ,r5an1 preface to ,etudes d'hi/oire religieuse1 #aheg4 ,! au?or has manife/$ bett] s5tim5ts 9 #ahei1 9 ! preface to 8 ,essais de morale et de critique4 #cf ,de ,legibus1 ii4 #g4 #cg ,dors-tu cont5t1 ,voltaire1 et ton hideux s\rire ,voltige-t-il encor sur tes os d*>ns8 #ch ,hume1 ,essay ,,viii4 ,on lib]ty & necessity4 ,n hav+ access to ! orig9al1 ,i re-translate ! ,fr5* translation4--,,tr4 #ci ,va*]ot1 ,la metaphysique et la sci5ce4 ,preface1 p4 xxix4 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,! ,,revival ,,( ,,a!ism4 7,at ,g5eva1 #bd? ,nov4 #ahfc4--;,at ,lausanne1 #ah? ,jan4 #ahfd47 ,,g5tlem51 ,! subject ( ! pres5t ,lecture w be--,! revival ( ,a!ism4 ,& ,i d n employ ! ^w 'a!ism'--a t]m :i* has be5 s greatly abus$--)\t mature reflection4 ,:5 ,socrates oppos$ ! idea ( ! holy ,god to ! impure idols ( paganism2 :5 he de?ron$ ,jupit] & 8 tra9 9 ord] to celebrate ! supreme ,god1 :o made & :o guides ! _w1 :o ma9ta9s ! works ( creation 9 ! fl[] ( y\?1 & 9 a vigor always new1#dj !y accus$ ,socrates ( be+ an a!i/4 ,desc>tes1 ! great geometrician :o proclaim$ ! exi/5ce ( ,god m c]ta9 ?an any !orem ( geometry1 has be5 d5\nc$ z an a!i/4 ,:5 m5 began to =sake ! temples ( idols 9 ord] to wor%ip ! unkn[n ,god :o _h j manife/$ ,himself to ! _w1 ! ,*ri/ians 7 accus$ ( a!ism because !y refus$ to b[ d[n to wood & /one4 ,su* abuses might dispose "o to r5\nce ! use ( ! ^w4 ,besides1 :5 a ^w has be5 = a long "t ! signal ( p]secution & ! =]unn] ( dea?1 "o hesitates to employ x4 ,9 an age :5 a!i/s 7 burn$1 g5]\s m9ds w\ld use _! be/ ef=ts to prove t m5 suspect$ ( a!ism _h n d5i$ ,god1 because !y w\ld n h be5 und]/ood _h !y attempt$ to say--,!y h d5i$ ,god p]haps1 b t is no reason = kill+ !m4 ,!nce arose ! sophi/ical apologies = c]ta9 doctr9es1 apologies made ) a good int5tion1 b :i* tr\ble ! s9c]ity ( hi/ory4 ,^! are ! br&s ( s]vitude1 :i* mu/ disappe> :]e lib]ty prevails4 ,we are able n[ to call ?+s by _! prop] names1 = !re exi/ no long] = a!ism ei!r /akes or prisons4 ,9 affirm+ t c]ta9 writ]s1 "s ( :om are j n[ ! favorites ( fame1 are %ak+ ! f\ndations ( all religion1 "o exposes no "o to sev]ities :i* h disappe>$ f our mann]s1 "o only exposes oneself to ! be+ tax$ ) intol]ance & fanaticism4 ,b c&or is "h a duty4 ,if ?is duty 7 n fulfill$1 lib]ty ( ?\ght w\ld no long] be any?+ else ?an lib]ty ( negation2 &1 :ile tru? 0 oppress$1 error alone w\ld be set free4 ,let u settle cle>ly ! t]ms ( ?is discussion4 ,x is (t5 ass]t$ t an a!i/ does n exi/4 ,does ?is mean t ! lips :i* d5y ,god1 always 9 "s way contradict !mselves8 ,does x mean t e s\l be>s witness to ,god1 p]haps unconsci\sly to itself1 ei!r by a secret hope1 or by a secret dread8 ,?is is true1 z ,i ?9k2 b we are speak+ "h ( doctr9es & n ( m54 ,x is true aga9 t ! negation ( ! ,creator all[s ( ! exi/5ce1 9 c]ta9 philosophies1 ( g5]\s ideas & elevat$ conceptions4 ,su* m51 :ile !y put ,god out ( exi/5ce1 desire to keep ! true1 ! beautiful1 ! good2 !y hope to pres]ve ! rays1 :ile !y ext+ui% ! lum9\s c5tre f :i* !y proce$4 ,su* sy/ems always t5d to produce ! deadly fruits po9t$ out 9 my la/ lecture2 b m5 devot$ to ! sev]e labors ( ! intellect (t5 escape1 by a noble inconsi/5cy1 ! natural results ( _! !ories4 ,!re=e1 9 ! inquiry on :i* we are ab\t to ent]1 ! t]m 'a!ism' implies1 ) reg>d to p]sons1 nei!r reproa* nor contempt4 ,x simply indicates a doctr9e1 ! doctr9e :i* d5ies ,god4 ,?is d5ial takes place 9 two ways3 ,x is affirm$ t nature1 t is to say matt]1 =ce devoid ( intellig5ce & ( w1 is ! sole orig9 ( ?+s2 or1 ! reality is ackn[l$g$ ( ^? m>ks :i* raise m9d above nature1 b x is affirm$ t humanity is ! highe/ po9t ( ! univ]se1 & t above x !re is no?+4 ,su* are ! two =ms ( a!ism4 ,p]haps y expect "h ! explanation ( a doctr9e :i* is (t5 describ$ z hold+ a sort ( middle place betwe5 ! negation & ! affirmation ( ,god1 namely1 pan!ism4 ,pan!ism1 9 ! true s5se ( t ^w1 is a sy/em accord+ to :i* ,god is all1 & ! univ]se no?+4 ,?is extraord9>y !sis is met ) 9 ,india4 ,a ,greek1 ,p>m5ides1 has vigor\sly su/a9$ x4 ,we h 9 x a k9d ( sublime infatuation4 ,9 pres5ce ( ! "o & et]nal ,be+ ?\ght collapses 9 bewild]m5t2 & !nce=w>d x exp]i5ces = all t is manifold & transitory a disda9 :i* passes into negation4 ,9 ! doma9 ( exp]i5ce1 all is limit$1 tempor>y1 imp]fect2 & reason seeks ! p]fect1 ! et]nal1 ! inf9ite4 ,! doctr9e ( creation alone expla9s h[ ! univ]se subsi/s 9 pres5ce ( its fir/ cause4 ,9 ignorance ( ?is doctr9e1 "s bold ?9k]s h cut ! knot :i* !y c\ld n untie4 ,!y h decl>$ t reason alone is "r1 & t exp]i5ce is wrong3 ! _w does n exi/1 x is b an illusion ( ! m9d4 ,:5ce proce$s ?is illusion8 ,if p]fection alone exi/s1 h[ comes t imp]fect m9d to exi/ :i* deceives itself 9 believ+ 9 ! reality ( ! _w8 ,to ?is "q ! sy/em has no answ]4 ,su* is true pan!ism2 b x is n to dang]s s noble t mo/ m9ds run ! risk ( succumb+4 ,:at is commonly und]/ood by pan!ism is ! deification ( ! univ]se4 ,! idea ( ,god is n directly d5i$1 b x und]goes a trans=mation :i* de/roys x4 ,god is no long] ! et]nal & ,almighty ,_s1 ! ,creator2 b ! unconsci\s pr9ciple1 ! sub/ance ( ?+s1 ! :ole4 ,! univ]se alone exi/s2 above x !re is no?+2 b ! univ]se is inf9ite1 et]nal1 div9e4 ,! high] wants ( ! reason1 m+l+ ) ! data d]iv$ f exp]i5ce1 =m an impos+ & confus$ image1 :i*1 :ile x beguiles ! imag9ation1 p]v]ts ! und]/&+1 deceives ! he>t1 & places ! consci5ce 9 p]il4 ,9 a philosophical po9t ( view1 x is a contradiction ( ?\ght1 :i* seeks ! ,inf9ite ,be+1 &1 be+ unable to discov] ,him1 gives ! "* ( inf9ity to realities b\nd$ by exp]i5ce4 ,9 a religi\s po9t ( view1 x is an ab]ration ( ! he>t1 :i* pres]ves ! s5tim5t ( adoration1 b p]v]ts x by disp]s+ x ov] ! univ]se4 ,pan!ism1 says ,m4 ,jules ,simon1 is only ! le>n$ =m ( a!ism2 ! univ]se deifi$ is a univ]se )\t ,god4#da ,f ! mom5t t ! reason endeavors to see di/9ctly1 pan!ism vani%es l a deceitful gl>e4 ,a!ism dis5gages itself f ! cloak :i* 0 conceal+ its true nature1 & ! m9d rema9s 9 pres5ce ( nature only1 or ( humanity only4 ,we w proce$ to take a rapid glance at "s few ( ! c\ntries ( ,europe1 9 ord] to discov] & po9t out 9 !m ! traces ( ?is melan*oly doctr9e4 ,let u beg9 ) ,france4 ,9 ! ye> #ahdd1 j tw5ty ye>s ago1 "s ,fr5* writ]s1 repres5t+ ! philosophy1 9 "s measure (ficial1 ( ! "t1 unit$ to publi% a ,dictionnaire des sci5ces philosophiques4 ,m4 ,franck1 ! director ( ?is useful & labori\s ent]prise1 said 9 ! preface to ! "w3 ,a!ism has well nigh completely disappe>$ f philosophy2 ! progress ( a s\nd psy*ology w r5d] its return = ev] impossible4 ,9 speak+ ?us1 he express$ ! ?\ghts & hopes ( ! s*ool ( :i* he rema9s "o ( ! mo/ e/imable repres5tatives4 ,a g5]\s impulse 0 animat+ a gr\p ( intellig5t & le>n$ "y m54 ,_! hope 0 to translate ,*ri/ianity into a purely rational doctr9e1 to purify religi\s notions )\t de/roy+ !m1 &1 :ile end[+ humanity ) a vigor\s sci5tific culture1 to leave to x its l(ty hopes4 ,! object 9 view 0 to e/abli% a philosophy f\nd$ ^u a s]i\s fai? 9 ,god2 & to ?is philosophy 0 promis$ ! progressive & pacific conque/ ( ! human race4#db ,tw5ty ye>s h pass$1 & ?+s be> q ano!r aspect4 ,to language expressive ( security h succe$$ ! acc5ts ( anxiety & words ( al>m4 ,! cause :i* 0 proclaim$ victori\s is def5d$ at ?is day l a besieg$ city4 ,y w rem>k h[ev]1--t ,i may n leave y beyond measure disc\rag$ by ! facts ( :i* ,i h to tell y1--y w rem>k1 ,i say1 t x is ! ef=ts attempt$ 9 ! cause ( good :i* h help$ to set me on ! track ( evil2 x has (t5 be5 ! def5ce :i* has fix$ my att5tion ^u ! attack4 ,! mat]ialism ( ! la/ c5tury seems to h ma9ta9$ a /rong hold ^u "o "p ( ! ,p>is s*ool ( m$ic9e4 ,we d f9d 9 ,france a good _m physicians :o1 l ,bo]have1 r5d] homage to religion1 & a good _m physiologi/s :o1 l ! great ,hall]1 are ready to def5d beliefs ( ! spiritual ord]2#dc b1 among m5 specially devot$ to ! /udy ( matt]1 _m succumb to ! temptation ( refus+ to recognize any?+ z real :i* does n come "u ! exp]i5ce ( ! s5ses4 ,?is h[ev] is n "o ( ! po9ts :i* (f] !mselves mo/ /rik+ly = our exam9ation4 ,! a!i/ic manife/ations ( ! sociali/ s*ools h m novelty1 & p]haps m importance4 ,man is naturally a social be+4 ,good & evil h _! primitive seat 9 ! he>t ( individuals1 b good & evil are transf]r$ into in/itutions ( :i* ! influ5ce is morally b5eficial or p]nici\s4 ,if socialism consi/s 9 recogniz+ ! importance ( social in/itutions1 9 *]i%+ ideas ( progress & hopes ( re=m1 ,i tru/ t we are all sociali/s4 ,d we desire progress by ! ev] wid] diffusion ( ju/ice & love8 ,f ! mom5t t1 across ! consci5ce :]eon div9e rays are fall+1 we h descri$ ! et]nal c5tre ( light1 we und]/& t ,god is ! mo/ implacable enemy ( abuses4 ,h[ is x !n t a!ism sometimes manife/s itself 9 attempts at social re=m8 ,we may expla9 x1 )\t s mu* z po9t+ out ! influ5ce1 b too real1 ( ! faults committ$ by ! repres5tatives ( religion4 ,fai? is a pr9ciple ( action2 x is1 z hi/ory te/ifies1 ! gr& s\rce ( ! progress ( human society2 b fai? is also a pr9ciple ( pati5ce4 ,! br[ ( e believ] is m or less illum9$ by ! rays ( ,8 peace :o is pati5t because ,he is et]nal4 ,eag] to effect good to ! utmo/ ext5t ( 8 ability1 he accompli%es 8 "w ) t calm activity to :i* are res]v$ durable victories4 ,9 ! impossible 7= if ! ^w impossible is n ,fr5*1 x is human7 ! believ] recognizes "o ( ! manife/ations ( ! supreme ,w1 & immortal hope enables him to support ! evils :i* he does n succe$ 9 de/roy+4 ,b ?is is n en\gh = impati5t re=m]s4 ,ignorant ( ! pr(\nd s\rces ( evil1 !y ?9k t in/itutions c d ev]y?+1 & t a *ange ( laws w\ld suffice to re=m m5's he>ts2 !y believe t ! organization ( society alone h9d]s ! realization ( good & ( happ9ess4 ,! resignation ( believ]s appe>s to !m a /upid le?>gy1 & 9 _! pati5t expectation ( a judgm5t to come !y see only an ob/acle to ! imm$iate triumph ( ju/ice on ! e>?4 ,:at if ! nations 7 p]suad$ t !re is no?+ to be look$ = beyond ! pres5t life1 s t all t is to be done is to make to ourselves a p>adise z soon z may be "h bel[6 ,if !y 7 p]suad$ t all appeal to ! ,judge 9 heav5 is a *im]ical hope1 ) :at ardor w\ld !y ?r[ !mselves into s*emes ( revolution6 ,?us x is t c]ta9 political innovators are l$ to seek 9 ! negation ( ,god "o ( _! means ( action4 ,two views1 !re=e1 ess5tially div]se1 gov]n ! labors ( ! r5ovators ( society4 ,! "o class desire to realize1 9 an ev] l>g] measure1 ju/ice & love2 religi\s convictions are ! /ronge/ support ( _! "w4 ,! o!r class w\ld uproot f m5's m9ds e pr9ciple ( fai?1 9 ord] ! m readily to obta9 ! realization ( _! !ories4 ,^! two classes ( m5 seem at times to be fight+ all toge!r 9 ! mle ( op9ions4 ,!y meet1 z1 9 ! d\btful glimm] ( ! dawn1 might meet toge!r labori\s workm5 :o are anticipat+ ! daylight1 & evil-do]s :o are flee+ f ! sun4 ,9 ord] to =m a j e/imate ( ! labors ( ! sociali/ s*ools1 x w\ld be necess>y to make a bold & /raight=w>d inquiry into ! object ( _! /udies1 & to disc]n1 9 ! mid/ ( mad-bra9$ & guilty dreams1 :atev] fla%es ( light might disclose "s prophetic vision ( ! future4 ,?is is no task ( ours4 ,x is en\gh = u to rem>k t 9 ,france1 z also 9 ! o!r c\ntries ( ,europe1 ! negation ( ,god discov]s itself 9 ?is ord] ( ideas4 ,x discov]s itself at "o "t by an idolatry ( humanity1 at ano!r by a mat]iali/ic en?usiasm = corporeal indulg5ces4 ,disreg>d+ ! s5sual imag9ations :i* disgrace ! works ( ,f\rri]1 let u turn our att5tion else:]e4 ,m4 ,va*]ot1 a sob] philosoph]1 ( high intellectual p[] & elevat$ s5tim5t1 has lately publi%$1 unhappily1 twelve hundr$ pages de/9$ to ma9ta9 ! !sis t ,god does n exi/4#dd ,man conceives ! idea ( p]fection1 & n f9d+ t p]fection realiz$ ei!r 9 ! _w or 9 himself1 he rises to ! conception ( a real & p]fect be+3 su* is ! usual process ( metaphysical reason+4 ,= ,m4 ,va*]ot1 reality & p]fection mutually exclude "o ano!r2 ?is is "o ( 8 fundam5tal !ses4 ,?is !sis does b int]pret ! result ( our exp]i5ce1 by refus+ u ! "r to raise ourselves high]4 ,! _w ) :i* we are acqua9t$ is imp]fect2 !re=e--say ,plato1 ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 & ,desc>tes--! p]fection ( :i* we h ! idea is realiz$ 9 a ,be+ sup]ior to ! _w4 ,! _w ) :i* we are acqua9t$ is imp]fect1 !re=e !re is a contradiction betwe5 ! ideal & ! real1 says ,m4 ,va*]ot1 :o makes ?us ( ! g5]al result ( exp]i5ce ! absolute rule ( tru?4 ,to say !re=e ( ,god t ,he is p]fect1 is to affirm t ,he does n exi/1 inasmu* z ! ideal is nev] realiz$4 ,?\ght ?us f9ds itself plac$ 9 a situation at once odd & viol5t4 ,if ,god is p]fect1 ,he does n exi/4 ,if ,god exi/s1 ,he is n p]fect4 ,! respect :i* we owe to ! ,be+ ( be+s =bids u to believe 9 ,him2 to affirm ,8 exi/5ce w\ld be to d outrage to ,8 p]fection4 ,! au?or ( ?is !ory r5d]s a wor%ip to t ideal :i* does n exi/1 & t[>ds :i* he affirms nev]!less t ! _w is gravitat+ by ! law ( progress4 ,?is wor%ip is ( too ab/ract a nature to secure _m adh]5ts2 x c only become popul> by tak+ ano!r %ape1 & x does s 9 ?is way3 ,we conceive ( t p]fection :i* 9 itself does n exi/2 x exi/s !re=e 9 our ?\ght4 ,s9ce ! _w1 by ! law ( progress1 is t5d+ t[>ds p]fection1 ! _w has = its end & law a ?\ght ( ! human m9d4 ,! human m9d !re=e is ! summit ( ! univ]se1 & x is x t we mu/ adore4 ,we are "h out ( ! region ( pure ab/raction1 & arrive at ! doctr9es ( ! ,positivi/ s*ool4 ,! ,positive philosophy1 s call$ because x wi%es to h done ) *im]as1 0 f\nd$ 9 ,france1 a few ye>s ago1 by ,augu/e ,comte4 ,m4 ,littr is at pres5t "o ( its pr9cipal repres5tatives4 ,?is writ]1 says ,m4 ,sa9te-,beuve1 is "o ( ^? :o are endeavor+ to set humanity free f illusions1 f vague disputes1 f va9 solutions1 f deceitful idols & p[]s4#de ,let u say ! same ?+ 9 simpl] t]ms3 ,m4 ,littr pr(esses ! doctr9es ( a s*ool :i* ignores ! ,creator 9 nature1 & ,provid5ce 9 hi/ory4 ,to asc]ta9 ph5om5a1 & acqua9t ourselves ) ! law :i* gov]ns !m1 su*1 say ! positivi/s1 is ! limit ( all our k4 ,z = ! orig9 ( ?+s & _! de/9ation1 t is an affair ( individual fancy4 ,ea* "o may be all[$ to repres5t su* matt]s to himself z he likes2 !re is no?+ to h9d] ! man :o f9ds a pleasure 9 do+ s f dream+ ^u t pa/ & t future4#df ,9 spite ( "s appe>ances to ! contr>y1 says ,m4 ,littr1 ! positive philosophy does n accept a!ism4#dg ,:y8 ,because a!ism pret5ds to give an explanation ( ! univ]se1 & t aft] a fa%ion is /ill !ology4 ,m9ds v]itably emancipat$ pr(ess to "k no?+ :atev] on que/ions :i* g beyond actual exp]i5ce4 ,!y d n d5y ,god1 !y elim9ate ,him f ! ?\ghts4 ,! attempt is a bold "o1 b x fails2 m5 d n succe$ 9 emancipat+ !mselves f ! laws ( reason4 ,! v writ] :om ,i h j quot$ is himself a pro( ( ?is1 = he absolutely proscribes e /atem5t ( a metaphysical nature1 & !n1 ?ree pages f>!r on1 9 ! v treatise 9 :i* he makes ?is proscription1 he speaks ( ! et]nal motive p[]s ( a b\ndless univ]se4#dh ,b\ndless6 et]nal6 ,:at ?\ghts are ^!8 ,behold ! in/9cts ( ! reason com+ to light6 behold all ! div9e attributes appe>+6 ,adoration is )drawn f ,god1 & x is giv5 to ! univ]se at l>ge4 ,:at is x :i*1 9 ! univ]se reg>d$ z a :ole1 w become ! direct object ( wor%ip8 ,ano!r positivi/1 ,m4 de ,lombrail1 w tell u1 9 a "w review$ by ,augu/e ,comte3 ,man1 he says1 has always ador$ humanity4 ,"h1 we le>n1 is ! true f\ndation ( all religions1 & ! brief summ>y ( _! hi/ory4 ,?is humanity-god has be5 long ador$ "u a veil :i* disguis$ x f ! eyes ( its wor%ipp]s2 b ! "t is come :5 ! sage ought to recognize ! object ( 8 wor%ip & give x its true "n4#di ,! positivi/ s*ool1 !n1 pr(esses a complete scepticism ) reg>d to :atev] is n includ$ 9 ! doma9 ( exp]i5ce4 ,b its foot slips1 & x falls into ! negation ( ,god1 f :i* x rises aga9 by means ( a humanit>ian a!ism4 ,all ^! m>ks are met ) aga9 9 ! works ( ! critical s*ool4 ,! critics gr\p !mselves ab\t ,m4 ,r5an4 ,! praises :i* !y lavi%$ a :ile ago on a bad book by t au?or seem at lea/ to all[ u to po9t him out z _! *ief4 ,!y d]ive _! "n f /udies 9 hi/ory & ar*ology1 ) :i* we "h h no?+ to d4 ,!y are reg>d$ z =m+ a philosophical & religi\s s*ool1 & x is 9 t connection t !y claim our att5tion4 ,_! influ5ce is inconte/able1 & /ill1 not)/&+1 _! doctr9al value is no?+4 ,!y =m m]ely a lit]>y bran* ( ! positivi/ s*ool engraft$ ^u ! eclecticism ( ,m4 ,c\s94 ,we f9d 9 _! writ+s ! pret5sion to limit sci5ce to ! exp]im5tal /udy ( nature & to humanity4 ,we aft]w>ds f9d !re ! pret5sion to und]/& & to accept all doctr9es alike4 ,beyond ?is1 no?+4 ,! critics be/[ p>ticul> att5tion on ! ph5om5a ( religion1 ( art1 & ( philosophy2 b ?is int]e/ is purely hi/orical4 ,no?+ is m curi\s ?an ! successive =ms ( human beliefs2 b ! p]iod ( beliefs is ov]4 ,religi\s fai? no long] subsi/s except 9 m9ds :i* are beh9d ! age2 & philosophy1 upheld 9 a f9al swoon by ,hegel & ,hamilton1 has j yield$ its la/ brea? 9 ! arms ( ,m4 ,c\s93 s ,m4 ,r5an in=ms u4#ej ,to *oose a side betwe5 ! def5d]s ( ! idea ( ,god & its oppon5ts2 to *oose betwe5 ,plato & ,epicurus1 betwe5 ,orig5 & ,celsus1 betwe5 ,desc>tes & ,hobbes1 betwe5 ,leibnitz & ,sp9oza1 w\ld be to make "o's self ! ,don ,quixote ( ?\ght4 ,an hone/ man may f9d amusem5t 9 read+ ! ,amadis ( ,gaul2 ! ,knight ( la ,man*e w5t mad ?r\gh putt+ fai? 9 ! adv5tures ( t h]o4 ,a l fate befalls ^? m9ds :i* are simple en\gh to believe /ill1 9 ! mid/ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 9 ! brave *im]as ( =m] days4 ,let u /udy hi/ory1 let u /udy nature2 beyond t we d n "k1 & we nev] %all "k1 any?+4 ,our fa%ionable m5 ( lett]s develop _! !sis ) s mu* assurance2 !y lavi% ^u believ]s s _m expressions ( amiable disda92 !y appe> s sure ( be+ ! int]pret]s ( ! m9d ( ! age1 t !y seem ready to repeat to "y p dazzl$ by _! success1 ! lesson :i* ,gilb]t _h express$ 9 ^! t]ms3 ,betwe5 ourselves--y own a ,god1 ,i fe>6 ,bew>e le/ 9 y\r v]se ! fact appe>3 ,dread ! wits' laught]1 fri5d1 & "k y\r bett]s3 ,our gr&sires might h worn ^? old-_w fett]s2 ,b 9 our days6 ,come1 y mu/ le>n respect1-- ,cont5t y\r age to foll[1 n direct4#ea ,to believe 9 ,god w\ld be vulg>2 to d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,god w\ld be a want ( ta/e2 ! div9e _w mu/ rema9 z a subject = poetry4 ,s our critics speak4 ,_! direct affirmation is scepticism4 ,b !y foll[ ! de/9ies ( ! positivi/ s*ool2 !y d n succe$ 9 ma9ta9+ _! balance betwe5 ! affirmation & negation ( ,god4 ,alfr$ de ,musset has describ$ ?is position ( ! s\l1 & its inevitable issue4 ,mu/ ,i hope 9 ,god8 ,mu/ ,i reject all fai? & all hope8 ,betwe5 ^! pa?s h[ difficult ! *oice6 ,ah6 might ,i f9d "s smoo!r1 easi] way4 ,none su* exi/s1 :isp]s a secret voice1 ,god is1 or is n--own1 or slight1 ,8 sway4 ,9 soo?1 ,i ?9k s3 tr\bl$ s\ls 9 turn ,by ea* extreme are toss$ & h>ass$ sore3 ,!y are b a!i/s1 :o feel no conc]n2 ,if once !y d\bt$ !y w\ld sleep no m4#eb ,! indiff]5ce ( ! critical philosoph]s is 9 fact only a transp>5t veil to a!i/ical doctr9es4 ,fai? 9 ,god ! ,creator is 9 _! eyes a sup]/ition2 ?is is _! only settl$ dogma4 ,9 o!r respects !y indulge 9 !ses ! mo/ contradictory4 ,mo/ g5]ally !y deify man1 decl>+ t !re is no o!r ,god ?an ! idea ( humanity1 no o!r inf9ite ?an ! indef9ite "* ( ! aspirations ( our own s\l4 ,at o!r times !y proclaim an undisguis$ mat]ialism1 & look = ! explanation ( all ?+s 9 atoms & 9 ! law :i* gov]ns !m4 ,!y make to !mselves a two-fac$ idol1 "o ( ^! faces be+ call$ nature1 & ! o!r humanity4 ,:at /rangely increases ! confusion is t all ! t]ms ( language *ange mean+ z employ$ by _! p54 ,!y speak ( ,god1 ( duty1 ( religion1 ( immortality2 _! pages seem sometimes to be extract$ f my/ical writ+s2 b ^! sacr$ words h = !m a totally diff]5t mean+ ?an = ! ord9>y run ( _! read]s4 ,_! ,god is n a ,be+1 _! religion is n a wor%ip1 _! duty is n a law1 _! immortality is n ! hope ( a _w to come4 ,amid/ ^! equivocations & contradictions ?\ght is blunt$1 & ! s9ews ( ! intellect are un/rung4 ,! public1 bewit*$ by tal5t & captivat$ by success1 is delug$ ) writ+s :i* h ! same effect z ! talk ( a frivol\s man1 or ! %[y tattle ( a woman ( ! _w4 ,!y give an agreeable ex]cise to ! m9d1 )\t ev] all[+ x to =m ei!r a precise idea or a settl$ judgm5t4 ,_m are ! cl\ds !n on ! intellectual horizon ( ,france4 ,glance ov] ! rec5t productions ( ,fr5* philosophy1 & y w h no difficulty 9 recogniz+ ! gravity ( ! situation4 ,works are multiply+ ) ! object ( def5d+ ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 ,provid5ce1 ! immortality ( ! s\l3 dams are be+ rais$ aga9/ ! ris+ flood ( a!ism4#ec ,& "h is a fact /ill m significant1 namely1 t ! hi/orians ( ideas1 :e!r !y are recurr+ to ! mo/ remote antiquity1 or are pass+ 9 review ! wor/ errors ( mod]n days1 _c meet ) ! negation ( ,god1 )\t hav+ _! eyes ?us turn$ to ,p>is1 & _! att5tion direct$ to contempor>y productions4#ed ,i h5ce inf]1 t a!ism is rais+ its head 9 ,france1 & !re pres5t+ itself "u two =ms4 ,mat]ialism is appe>+ pr9cipally z an h]itage f ! la/ c5tury4 ,! new1 or r r5ew$1 doctr9e is ! adoration ( man by man4 ,we are n[ go+ to cross ! ,rh9e4 ,a p[]ful ?9k]1 ,hegel1 _h supreme sway 9 ! la/ movem5t ( speculative ?\ght 9 ,g]many4 ,hegel's sy/em ( doctr9e is envelop$ 9 cl\ds4 ,x is s ambigu\s 9 reg>d to ! que/ions :i* mo/ directly conc]n ! consci5ce & human int]e/s1 t x has be5 pret5d$ to d$uce f x1 on ! "o h& a ,*ri/ian !ology1 & on ! o!r a %e] a!ism4 ,!re is a /ory1 :e!r a true "o or n ,i _c say1 t ?is philosoph] :5 ne> 8 end utt]$ ! foll[+ words3 ,i h only _h "o disciple :o has und]/ood me--& he has misund]/ood me4 ,a man di/+ui%$ 9 metaphysical rese>* by ta/e1 g5ius1 & sci5ce1 & :o has1 9 t respect1 devot$ p>ticul> att5tion to ,g]many1 ,m4 ,*>les ,secrtan1 writes ) ref]5ce to ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! entire ,hegelian sy/em3 ,if y ask me h[ ,i und]/& ! matt]1 ,i w give y no answ]2 ,i d n und]/& x at all1 & ,i d n believe t any "o has ev] und]/ood x4#ee ,y w excuse me1 ,g5tlem51 f "h und]tak+ ! sci5tific /udy ( s difficult a sy/em4 ,x w be en\gh = u to r5d] ! d>kness visible1 t is to say1 to und]/& well :at x is :i* ! doctr9e ( ! ,b]l9 ,pr(essor1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 r5d]s incompreh5sible4 ,! f\ndation ( 8 !ory is t ! univ]se is expla9$ by an et]nal idea1 an idea :i* exi/s by itself1 )\t app]ta9+ to any m9d4 ,! ,hegelians say t ! exi/5ce ( an inf9ite ,m9d is an inadmissible conception4 ,!y reject ?is my/]y1 & pref] to x ! palpable absurdity ( an idea :i* exi/s 9 itself1 )\t be+ ! act ( an intellig5ce4 ,?is idea-,god we h already enc\nt]$ 9 ! writ+s ( ,m4 ,va*]ot4 ,we %all f9d x aga9 m ?an once z we g on4 ,9 ,g]many1 z 9 ,france1 ! !ory only becomes popul> by und]go+ a trans=mation4 ,! et]nal idea manife/s itself 9 ! m9d ( man1 & exi/s n[h]e else4 ,above ?is idea !re is no?+4 ,man is !re=e ! summit ( ?+s2 x is he :o mu/ be ador$4 ,& ?us x is 9 fact t ,hegel has be5 und]/ood4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahej1 ,h5ri ,he9e wrote z foll[s 9 ! ,gazette d',augsb\rg3 ,i beg9 to feel t ,i am n precisely a bip$ deity1 z ,pr(essor ,hegel decl>$ to me t ,i 0 tw5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,! deification ( man3 su* is ! popul> translation ( ! philosophy ( ! idea4 ,w\ld y h a fur!r pro( ( ?is8 ,! foll[+ anecdote 0 curr5t 9 my y\?1 :5 ,g]man idealism 0 at ! height ( its popul>ity4 ,a /ud5t go+ to call on "o ( 8 fell[-/ud5ts1 f\nd him /ret*$ on 8 b$1 or 8 s(a1 & exhibit+ all ! signs ( an ec/atic contemplation4 ,:y1 :at are y do+ !re8 inquir$ ! visitor4 ,i am ador+ myself1 repli$ ! "y adept 9 philosophy4 ,i am n exam9+ ! doctr9es ( ,hegel ) ref]5ce to ! hi/ory ( metaphysics1 & )9 ! prec9cts ( ! s*ool 9 :i* x occupies a l>ge place & dem&s ! mo/ s]i\s att5tion2 ,i am trac+ ! influ5ce ( ^? doctr9es on ! public m9d at l>ge4 ,?is influ5ce is visible 9 ! mo/ disa/r\s consequ5ces ( a!ism4 ,x c]ta9ly is n ! ,hegelian s*ool alone1 says ,m4 ,sa9t-,rn ,taill&i]1 :i* has produc$ all ! moral mis]ies ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 all ^? unbridl$ desires1 all ^? revolts ( matt] 9 a fury2#ef b x sums !m all up 9 its =mul1 x gives !m1 by its sci5tific way ( repres5t+ !m1 a p]nici\s au?ority1 x multiplies !m by an execrable propag&a4#eg ,x 0 ?r\gh ,feu]ba* pr9cipally t ! evolution 0 to be br\ght ab\t :i* has l$ ! ,hegelian sy/em1 sev]ely ideali/ic 9 its comm5cem5t1 to favor at l5g? ! revolts ( matt] run mad4 ,& ?is evolution is only natural aft] all4 ,if ! univ]se is ! developm5t ( an idea1 & n ! "w ( an intellig5t ,w1 all is necess>y 9 ! _w1 = ! developm5t ( an idea is a matt] ( de/9y4 ,:]e all is necess>y1 all is legitimate3 ! desires ( ! fle% z well z ! laws ( ?\ght & ( consci5ce4 ,b1 f ! mom5t t ! fle% is emancipat$1 x aims at absolute empire1 & ends by obta9+ x3 ?is is matt] ( fact4 ,feu]ba* has put a!ism into a def9ite %ape1 & dis5gag$ x f all obscurity4 ,!re exi/s no o!r inf9ite ?an ! inf9ite 9 our ?\ghts2 above u !re exi/s no?+2 no law :i* b9ds u1 no p[] :i* gov]ns u3 ! "w ( mod]n sci5ce is to set man free f ,god1 = ,god is an idol4 ,b man ?us set free f all bonds & f all duty is n1 = ,feu]ba*1 ! individual1 b humanity4 ,! individual owes himself to 8 species2 ! true sage w make no m silly & fanta/ic sacrifices1 b he w nev] refuse sacrifices :i* are really s]viceable to humanity4#eh ,"h !n is /ill a bond1 a religion1 & sacrifices2 ! emancipation is incomplete4 ,:at is ?is humanity to :i* man owes himself8 ,an ab/raction1 an idol /ill1 an idol to be ov]?r[n if he w\ld obta9 p]fect indep5d5ce4 ,li/5 to ! ,g]man ,/irm]1 d$uc+ f ! doctr9e its extreme consequ5ces3 ,p]i% ! p1 he exclaims1 p]i% ,g]many1 p]i% all ! nations ( ,europe2 & let man1 rid ( all bonds1 deliv]$ f ! la/ phantoms ( religion1 recov] at l5g? 8 full indep5d5ce6#ei ,all ! mi/s ( ab/raction h n[ disappe>$3 "h we are on gr\nd :i* is hide\sly cle>4 ,humanity is no long] 9 "q1 b ! wor%ip ( self2 x is ! complete enfran*isem5t ( selfi%ness4 ,:ile ! pr\d idealism ( ! ,g]mans 0 ?us1 by its own weight1 desc5d+ into ! level flats ( ?\ght1 a political movem5t 0 agitat+ ,g]many4 ,simple-m9d$ poets 7 celebrat+ a!ism ) an en?usiasm :i* seem$ s9c]e2 &1 at ! same "t1 m5 :o are n simple-m9d$1 j\rnali/s & demagogues1 7 lay+ hold ( ! irreligion z a lev] ) :i* to make a brea* 9 ! social edifice4 ,9 ! ye> #ahde1 ! att5tion ( ! ,swiss au?orities 0 drawn to c]ta9 secret societies1 compos$ ( ,g]mans1 & hav+ = _! object a revolution 9 ,g]many1 b :i* _h e/abli%$ _! basis ( op]ations on ! ,swiss t]ritory4 ,! inquiries ( ! police issu$ 9 ! discov]y ( tw5ty-sev5 clubs b\nd toge!r by secret correspond5ce4 ,work+-m5 7 induc$ on v>i\s pretexts to att5d meet+s1 ( :i* ! real object 0 only gradually disclos$ to !m4 ,if !y 7 reckon$ wor?y1 !y 7 initiat$ into ! plan ( a social re=m1 ! basis ( :i* 0 a!ism4#fj ,"o ( ! pr9cipal ag5ts 9 ?is "w ( proselytism1 ,guillaume ,m>r1 exclaim$3 ,fai? 9 a p]sonal & liv+ ,god is ! orig9 & ! fundam5tal cause ( our mis]able social condition4 ,& he d$uc$ z foll[s ! practical consequ5ce ( 8 !ory3 ,! idea ( ,god is ! key-/one ( ! ar* ( a tott]+ civilization2 let u de/roy x4 ,! true road to lib]ty1 to equality1 & to happ9ess1 is a!ism4 ,no safety on e>?1 s long z man holds on by a ?read to heav54--,let no?+ h5ce=w>d %ackle ! spontaneity ( ! human m9d4 ,let u tea* man t !re is no o!r ,god ?an himself1 t he is ! ,alpha & ! ,omega ( all ?+s1 ! sup]ior be+1 & ! mo/ real reality4 ,we h /ill to expla9 ! nature ( ?is spontaneity1 free f e %ackle4 ,"o ( ! editors ( ! j\rnal conduct$ by ,m>r discloses x by quot+ "s v]ses 9 :i* ,h5ri ,he9e expresses ! wi% to see great vices1 bloody & colossal crimes1 provid$ he may be deliv]$ f a wor?y-citiz5 virtue1 & an hone/-m]*ant morality6#fa ,a little lat]1 a j\rnal ( ,g]man ,switz]l& ass]t$1 t 9 ord] to set free man's natural in/9cts & prop5sities1 x is indisp5sable to de/roy ! idea ( ,god4#fb ,^!1 ,i am well aw>e1 are ! screams ( a savage madness4 ,b aft] all1 & be ?is z x may1 ,m>r 0 publi%+ 8 j\rnal at ,lausanne 9 #ahde1 & 9 #ahdh he 0 nam$ repres5tative ( ! p1 by a consid]able majority1 9 "o ( ! l>ge/ cities ( ,g]many4 ,& ?is 0 by no means an isolat$ fact4 ,a!ism %[$ itself 9 ! ephem]al p>liam5t ( ,frank=t z a sort ( p>ty1 ( :i* ,m4 ,vogt1 says ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 0 ! great orator4#fc ,! ,g]man revolution 0 put d[n by ! bayonet1 b ! doctr9es ( :i* x _h reveal$ ! exi/5ce1 left ve/iges = a long "t 9 ! c\ntry ( ! t]ror :i* !y _h inspir$4 ,al>m 0 felt = ! v>i\s int]e/s ?reat5$1 & noble s\ls 7 /irr$ ) compassion by ! conviction =c$ ^u !m ( ! spiritual mis]ies ( _! bre?r54 ,a p[]ful reaction took place1 z well 9 ! religi\s z ! philosophical _w4 ,?is reaction has produc$ salut>y results2 b ! object is n fully atta9$4 ,op5 ! j\rnals & ! reviews1 & y w le>n t ,g]many is1 9 ^! days1 ! pr9cipal c5tre ( mat]ialism4 ,x is unhappily s ri* 9 ?is respect1 t x c af=d to engage 9 exportation1 & to furni% pr(essors ( ! s*ool to o!r c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,doctor ,b*n] has publi%$1 "u ! title ( ,=ce & ,matt]1 a small volume :i* has rapidly rea*$ a sev5? edition1 & has lately be5 translat$ into ,fr5*4#fd ,mat]ialism is !re set =? ) p]fect arrogance1 or1 to speak m mod]ately1 ) p]fect audacity4 ,! au?or pret5ds to conf9e himself /rictly )9 ! doma9 ( exp]i5ce1 & x is wond]ful ) :at haught9ess he proscribes ! rese>*es ( philosophy4 ,x w\ld seem !re=e t ! "q ( ! nature ( ?+s ought to rema9 outside ! circle ( 8 /udies4 ,nev]!less1 he decl>es matt] to be et]nal & ! univ]se inf9ite4 ,i ask y h[ long x w\ld be necess>y to h liv$ 9 ord] to pron\nce matt] et]nal 9 ! "n ( exp]i5ce2 & :at j\rneys x w\ld h be5 necess>y to make1 be=e asc]ta9+ by means ( obs]vation t ! univ]se is inf9ite4 ,we %all h occasion to recur to ?is subject4 ,mean:ile we may be v sure t exp]i5ce supplies no sy/em ( metaphysics1 & t mat]ialism is a metaphysical sy/em z /rongly m>k$ z any4 ,:5 its adepts cry out1 ,away ) philosophy6 !y mean by t simply3 ,we w h no good philosophy1 t we may be free to make bad philosophy ( our own )\t rivalry4 ,a proce$+ :i* rem9ds "o ( c]ta9 demagogues :o cry ) all _! might1 ,d[n ) tyrants6 & :o ?us succe$ 9 mak+ out ( ! fe> ( ! tyranny ( o!rs ! solid f\ndation ( _! own despotism4 ,we f9d !n 9 ,g]many1 fir/ ( all ! doctr9e ( ! idea set =? ) clat by ,hegel1 !n a!ism mix$ up ) political notions & projects1 & la/ly mat]ialism4 ,! elem5ts are ! same z 9 ,france1 b exhibit !mselves 9 a diff]5t ord]4 ,?is div]sity sugge/s "s obs]vations wor? y\r att5tion4 ,france1 sett+ out ) ! mat]ialism ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 rose to t adoration ( man :i* *>act]izes at ! pres5t day ! great] "p ( its a!i/ical manife/ations4 ,g]man a!ism1 hav+ z its />t+-po9t an ab/ract idealism ( :i* ! adoration ( man 0 ! result1 has desc5d$ to ! levels ( mat]ialism4#fe ,we may inquire into ! !ory ( ^! facts1 & say :y mat]ialism rises to ! adoration ( man by a natural movem5t2 & :y1 also by a natural movem5t1 ! adoration ( man desc5ds aga9 to mat]ialism4 ,mat]ialism inf]s f its pr9ciples ! d5ial ( any future to man1 & n only any future1 b any true value1 any real exi/5ce4 ,we are no?+ b an agglom]ation ( molecules1 ready to sep>ate )\t leav+ any trace ( ev] hav+ be5 toge!r4 ,is n ?is a ?+ to be said sadly1 z ! sadde/ ?+ 9 ! _w8 ,:y !n are ! apo/les ( matt] ne>ly always assum+ ! l(tie/ tone1 & utt]+ %\ts ( triumph8 ,x is t !y feel !mselves free1 emancipat$ f t t]ror :i* has made ! gods1 444 t brood ( idle fe> ,f9e no?+s wor%ipp$1--:y1 do? n appe>2 ,! gods--:om man made1 & :o made n man4#ff ,emancipation6 ,su* is ! wat*word ( mat]ialism4 ,li/51 = example1 to ! conclusion ( ,b>on d',holba*'s ,sy/em ( ,nature3 ,break ! *a9s1 says he1 :i* are b9d+ m54 ,s5d back ^? gods :o are afflict+ !m to ^? imag9>y regions f :5ce fe> fir/ drew !m =?4 ,inspire ) c\rage ! intellig5t be+2 give him en]gy2 let him d>e at l5g? to love himself1 to e/eem himself1 to feel 8 own dignity2 let him d>e to emancipate himself1 let him be happy & free4 ,/range acc5ts ^!1 at ! close ( a l>ge philosophical treatise int5d$ to prove t !re is no?+ 9 ! univ]se b matt]4 ,:5ce proce$s ! dignity ( t fragm5t ( matt] :i* calls itself man8 ,und]/& well :at passes 9 ! m9d ( ^! philosoph]s4 ,9 proportion z man l[]s 8 own orig91 9 ! same proportion1--if he does n wi% to make himself a brute1 9 ord] to live z d ! animals1--he exalts himself 9 an inevitable s5tim5t ( pride4 ,9 va9 does he give out t ! mat]ial frame is ev]y?+2 he feels t ?\ght is m ?an ! mat]ial frame2 & he accords to himself ! fir/ place 9 ! univ]se4 ,! mat]iali/ ignores ! ,et]nal ,m9d 9 ord] to emancipate himself2 & :atev] he may say1 8 real deity is n ! atom1 b himself4 ,! encyclop$i/s1 sons ( an age :i* yield$ at once to noble influ5ces & to guilty s$uctions1 unit$ ! wor%ip ( progress to a degrad+ philosophy4 ,consid] ) :at a feel+ ( pride !y l[]$ man1 & y w und]/& :y et]nal nature gave place to sacr$ humanity4 ,:5 ,france _h fall5 into ! delirium ( irreligion1 x 0 n a little du/ 9 an e>!n vase :i* 0 (f]$ = public adoration1 b !y l$ 9 procession ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,p>is a woman :o 0 call$ ! goddess ,reason4 ,s x 0 t mat]ialism end$ 9 ! adoration ( man4 ,let u endeavor to und]/& h[ ! adoration ( man turns aga9 to mat]ialism4 ,! m9d end[$ ) intellig5ce & w is m elevat$ 9 ! scale ( be+ ?an in]t bodies4 ,?is is = u an evid5t tru?4 ,c\ld "o demon/rate x by reason+8 ,i d n "k2 b 9 conte/+ x1 we %\ld contradict ! pla9e/ evid5ce4 ,reason is sup]ior to matt]4 ,if1 ) ! s*ool :i* ext5ds f ,py?agoras to ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 & f ,sa9t ,augu/9e to ,desc>tes1 we connect reason ) ,god z its pr9ciple1 ! gr& sci5ce ( metaphysics is f\nd$4 ,b if reason does n rise to ,god1 :at w happ58 ,?is reason1 :i* proclaims itself sup]ior to matt]1 is n1 z we h said already1 ! individual ?\ght ( ,francis1 ,pet]1 or ,john4 ,if an individual pres5t$ himself z be+ reason itself1 ! absolute reason1 & said1 ,i am ! tru?1 x w\ld be necess>y to take "o ( ?ree c\rses4 ,if we ?\ght t he spoke truly1 & if we receiv$ 8 te/imony1 x w\ld be necess>y to wor%ip him1 = he w\ld be ,god4 ,if x 7 fe>$ t he spoke truly1 & ^? :o s fe>$ 7 unwill+ to ackn[l$ge 8 rule1 x w\ld be necess>y = !m to kill him 9 ord] to endeavor to kill ! tru?4 ,if x 7 ?\ght t he spoke falsely1 x w\ld be necess>y to wat* him1 & ! mom5t he committ$ an act dang]\s = society1 to %ut him up1 = he w\ld be a madman4 ,b ! philosoph]s make no su* pret5sion4 ,! reason ( :i* !y speak is ! reason common to all1 a reason :i* is n t ( an individual1 b t ( :i* all rational individuals p>take4 ,?is common1 univ]sal1 et]nal reason1--:]e & h[ does x exi/8 ,reason manife/s itself by ideas1 & ideas are ! acts ( m9ds4 ,to imag9e an idea )\t a m9d ( :i* x is ! act1 is ! same ?+ z to imag9e a movem5t )\t a body ( :i* x is also ! act1 9 a diff]5t s5se4 ,take away bodies1 & !re is no m movem5t4 ,take away intellig5ces1 & !re are no m ideas4 ,! philosoph] :o speaks ( an idea :i* is n ! idea ( an intellig5ce1 utt]s words :i* h no mean+4 ,! reason :i* is n t ( any creat$ individual rema9s !re=e absolutely inconceivable )\t ! et]nal ,_s1 or ,god4 ,idealism is bas$ ^u ?is impossible conception4 ,?us x is t ?\ght1 try+ 9 va9 to ma9ta9 itself 9 ?is ab/ract doma91 ends by hold+ z *im]ical ! _w ( ideas 9 :i* x has met ) no?+ to :i* to cl+4 ,x is seiz$ ) gidd9ess & falls4 ,:i!r does x fall8 ,to ! gr\nd4 ,x is always ?i!r "o falls4 ,we>i$ ) its ef=ts to f9d foot+ on %ift+ cl\ds1 ! human m9d comes back to ! positive by a viol5t reaction4 ,"h is ! secret ( t haughty & d]isive mat]ialism ( c]ta9 mod]n ,g]mans1 :o je] & sc(f at ! l(ty pret5sions ( philosophy4 ,s x 0 t ,hegel br\ght ^u ! sc5e ,doctor ,b*n] & 8 fell[s4 ,! great conflict ( ! spiritual _w is n1 z x is (t5 said to be1 ! combat ( idealism aga9/ mat]ialism4 ,idealism beg9s well1 & we mu/ n refuse to ackn[l$ge ! s]vices :i* x has r5d]$ to ! cause ( tru?4 ,b philosophy mu/ foll[ ! road trac$ out 9 an anci5t adage3 ,ab ext]ioribus ad int]iora1 ab int]ioribus ad sup]iora4#fg ,if ! m9d does n g to ! end ( ?is royal road2 if idealism1 hav+ surm\nt$ ! fasc9ations ( ! s5ses1 rema9s 9 ideas1 )\t asc5d+ to ! supreme ,m9d1 ! wor%ip ( matt] & ! wor%ip ( ! idea call mutually "o to ano!r1 & revolve 9 a fatal circle4 ,! /ruggle betwe5 ^! two =ms ( a!ism rem9ds "o ( ^? duels1 9 :i*1 aft] hav+ satisfi$ honor1 ! adv]s>ies breakfa/ toge!r1 & ga!r /r5g? to combat1 9 case ( ne$1 a common enemy4 ,! great combat :i* =ms ! ma9 subject ( ! hi/ory ( ideas is ! combat betwe5 belief 9 ,god & an a!i/ical philosophy4 ,:e!r a!ism admits = its fir/ pr9ciple an atom )\t a ,creator1 or a reason )\t an ,et]nal ,m9d1 is a fact v important = ! hi/ory ( philosophy1 b ! importance ( :i* is small en\gh 9 reg>d to ! int]e/s ( humanity4 ,we pass$ ! ,rh9e 9 ord] to p5etrate into ,g]many1 let u n[ cross ! ,briti% ,*annel1 & obs]ve :at is go+ on 9 ,engl&4 ,engl&1 at ! close ( ! sev5te5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 0 ! pr9cipal c5tre ( irreligion4 ,france gave ! pat5t ( ,european circulation to ideas :i* proce$$ 9 "p f ?is =eign s\rce4 ,an active propag&a = ! diffusion ( impi\s & immoral writ+s _h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ,great ,brita94 ,a /rong reaction set 91 &1 dat+ f ! ye> #afih1 we see =m$ v>i\s societies hav+ = _! object ! diffusion ( good books & respectable j\rnals4#fh ,^! ef=ts 7 cr[n$ ) success4 ,engl&1 by its zeal 9 ! "w ( ,missions1 by its sacrifices = ! diffusion ( ! ,holy ,scriptures1 & by its respect = ! ,"l's-day1#fi assum$#gj ! *>act]i/ic m>ks ( a ,*ri/ian nation4 ,gr& measures adopt$ 9 ! int]e/s ( lib]ty & humanity1 plac$ x at ! same "t at ! head ( a s]i\sly philan?ropic civilization2 b z ,pre ,gratry has rem>k$1 m ?an 9 any o!r p1 !re are 9 ! ,engli% p ! old man & ! new4#ga ,! /range contra/s :i* are pres5t$ by ! political action ( ?is d\ble-p are f\nd also 9 ! productions ( its ?\ght1 9 :i*1 :ile ! _s ( piety is display$ full ( life1 ! _s ( irreligion is also manife/$ ) t]rible en]gy4 ,a book is in/anc$1 ( mat]iali/ic t5d5cy1#gb publi%$ 9 #ahbh1 ( :i* a popul> edition 0 pr9t$ ) a view to ext5d ! op9ions :i* x advocat$4 ,!re 0 sold ( ?is edition1 9 a %ort "t1 m ?an eighty ?\s& copies4 ,a ?\ghtful writ]1 ,mr4 ,pe>son1 m5tions a /ati/ical /atem5t1 accord+ to :i* ,engli% publications1 op5ly a!i/ical1 rea*$1 9 ! ye> #ahea1 a total ( six hundr$ & =ty ?\s& copies4#gc ,if we pass f ! curr5t lit]ature to sci5tific publications1 we %all meet ) facts ( ! same ord]4 ,! ,hegelianism & ! scepticism ( ! critical s*ool are creep+ into ! works ( "s !ologians4 ,! !ories ( positivism1 r$uc$ to %ape 9 ,france1 h pass$ ! *annel1 & h obta9$ 9 ,engl& m att5tion p]haps ?an 9 ! c\ntry ( _! orig94 ,!y h be5 adopt$ by a di/+ui%$ au?or1 ,mr4 ,/u>t ,mill2 & a female writ]1 ,miss ,m>t9eau1 has set !m =?1 9 h] "m-tongue1 = ! use ( h] fell[-c\ntrym54#gd ,positivism is ev5 9 vogue1 & has become fa%ionable among/ c]ta9 lit]>y & intellectual circles 9 ,great ,brita94#ge ,9 less elevat$ regions ( ! intellectual _w ( ,engl&1 an organiz$ sect comm5ds itself to our att5tion4 ,?is sect has giv5 to its sy/em ( doctr9e ! "n ( ,secul>ism4 ,x has a social object--! de/ruction ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* & ! exi/+ political ord]4 ,x has a philosophy1 ! purport & be>+ ( :i* we w inquire ( ,mr4 ,holyoake4 ,! foll[+ is ! answ] ( ! *ief ( ! secul>i/s3--,all t conc]ns ! orig9 & end ( ?+s1 ,god & ! immortal s\l1 is absolutely imp5etrable = ! human m9d4 ,! exi/5ce ( ,god1 9 p>ticul>1 mu/ be ref]r$ to ! numb] ( ab/ract que/ions1 ) ! ticket n det]m9$4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ! nature :i* we "k1 mu/ be ! ,god :om we inquire aft]4 ,:at is call$ a!ism is f\nd 9 susp5sion 9 our !ory4#gf ,! practical consequ5ce ( ^! views is1 t all day-dreams relat+ to ano!r _w mu/ be put aside1 & we mu/ manage s z to live to ! be/ advantage possible 9 ! pres5t life4#gg ,h5ce ! "n ( ! sy/em4 ,secul>ism tea*es its disciples to h no?+ to d ) religion 9 any %ape1 t !y may conf9e !mselves /rictly to ! pres5t life4 ,x is an attempt ( :i* ! express object is to realize life )\t ,god4 ,^! doctr9es =m$ ! subject ( public discussions1 9 ,london 9 #ahec1 & at ,glasg[ 9 #ahed4 ,! meet+ at ,glasg[ numb]$1 x is said1 m ?an ?ree ?\s& p]sons4#gh ,! sect employs z its means ( action op5-air spee*es1 ! publication ( books & j\rnals1#gi & assemblies = giv+ in=mation & hold+ debates 9 lecture-rooms4 ,!re are five ( ^! lecture-rooms 9 ,london4 ,i h se5 ! programme1 = #ahfd1 ( ! meet+s held at ,no4 #ab1 ,clevel& ,/reet1 "u ! direction ( ,messrs4 ,holyoake & ,j4 ,cl>k4 ,!re are1 e ,sunday1--a disc\rse at elev5 o'clock1 a discussion at ?ree o'clock1 a lecture at sev5 o'clock4 ,! programme invites all free-?9k]s to att5d ^! meet+s4 ,"s ( ! assemblies are public2 = o!rs a small entrance fee is dem&$4 ,london is ! pr9cipal c5tre ( ! association2 b x has bran*es all ov] ! c\ntry1 & x numb]s 9 ,great ,brita9 tw5ty-"o lecture-rooms1 p>ticul>ly at ,liv]pool1 ,man*e/]1 ,birm+ham1 ,glasg[1 & ,ed9burgh4#hj ,secul>ism naturally seeks to magnify1 z mu* z may be1 its own importance2 & x is n to ! decl>ations ( its apo/les t we mu/ ref] 9 ord] to e/imate ! ext5t & influ5ce ( its action4 ,at ! same "t ! exi/5ce ( a society1 ! av[$ object ( :i* is ! diffusion ( practical a!ism1 _c be reg>d$ ) indiff]5ce4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t ! affairs ( ! sect w\ld n appe> to be fl\ri%+4 ,a ye> ago a secul>i/ orator _h deliv]$ a vehem5t spee* 9 favor ( virtue4 ,j z he _h resum$ 8 seat1 a policeman ent]$ ! room & took him into cu/ody4 ,a few days aft]w>ds ! ,times in=m$ its read]s t ! orator ( virtue _h j be5 condemn$ = !ft to twelve mon?s' h>d labor4#ha ,9 ! ,secul> ,_w ( ! #a/ ,janu>y1 #ahfd1 ,mr4 ,holyoake compla9s t a great _m mauvais sujets seem to seek 9 secul>ism a k9d ( *eap religion4 ,he decl>es t he is go+ to use en]getic ef=ts to purify ! sect1 & seems to intimate t he %all retire if 8 ef=ts fail4 ,let u leave him to wre/le aga9/ ! invasion ( ! orators ( virtue1 & let u pass f ,engl& into ,italy4 ,:ile ,italy is seek+ to deliv] itself f ! bayonets ( ,au/ria1 x is ?reat5$ ) subjection to ! influ5ce ( ! mo/ p]nici\s ,g]man doctr9es4 ,aft] hav+ b5t1 l ne>ly all ,europe1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 b5ea? ! bla/ ( s5sualism1 ,italy made a noble ef=t to r5ew m g5]\s traditions4 ,two em95t m51 ,rosm9i & ,giob]ti1 ! second especially1 succe$$ 9 excit+ 9 ! y\? ( ,italy a passionate int]e/ 9 doctr9es 9 :i* lib]ty & vigor ( ?\ght 7 unit$ ) ! confid5ce ( fai?4 ,?is intellectual movem5t prec$$ & prep>$ a national movem5t1 ! c\rse ( :i* has be5 precipitat$ by ! intrigues ( politics & ! int]v5tion ( ! arms ( ! =eign]4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! influ5ce ( ,rosm9i & ( ,giob]ti is on ! decl9e4 ,hegelianism is be+ in/all$ ) a c]ta9 clat 9 ! univ]sity ( ,naples4 ,no?+ w>rants u 9 hop+ t ?is sy/em w n produce ^u ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean ! same depravation ( philosophic ?\ght :i* x has produc$ 9 ,g]many4 ,9 ! anci5t univ]sity ( ,pisa1 ,m4 ,augu/e ,conti1 a brave def5d] ( ,*ri/ian philosophy1 /eadfa/ly ma9ta9s ! union ( religion & ( speculative inquiry1#hb & ! c5tre ( ,italy is less affect$ p]haps ?an ! extremities ( ! ,p59sula by ! _s ( infidelity4 ,b z we g fur!r nor?1 we enc\nt] 9 ! writ+s ( ,f]r>i ! utt]ance ( a gloomy scepticism1 & 9 ^? ( ,ausonio ,fran*i1 =m]ly a j\rnali/ at ,tur91 & n[ a ,pr(essor at ,milan1 ! manife/ations ( an almo/ undisguis$ a!ism4 ,ausonio ,fran*i1 or r ! man :o assumes t pseudonyme1 is an ex-prie/1 :o1 :ile ma9ta9+ sev]ely ! rule ( good morals & ! dignity ( life1#hc has turn$ ) viol5t animosity aga9/ 8 =m] fai?4 ,he ex]ts "s influ5ce ov] ! y\? ( ,italy1 & has met ) w>m admir]s 9 ,engl& & ,g]many4 ,fran*i's pr(ession ( fai? r$uces itself to ^! v simple t]ms3--,! _w is :at x is1 & x is because x is2 any o!r reason :atev] ( its ess5ce & ( its exi/5ce c be no?+ b a sophism or an illusion4#hd ,all inquiry into ! orig9 ( ?+s is a pure *im]a1 & we mu/ !re=e limit ourselves to ! exp]i5ce ( ! pres5t life1 & look = no?+ beyond x4 ,! au?or treats ) suffici5t disda9 argum5ts :i* satisfi$ ,desc>tes1 ,newton1 & ,leibnitz4 ,x has seem$ to me t 8 und]/&+1 a little obscur$ by passion1 misconceives ! true purport ( ! reason+s :i* x rejects1 & by ?us impair+ _! =ce1 assumes to itself ! "r to despise !m4 ,! religi\s negations ( ,ausonio ,fran*i d n /op at ,*ri/ian dogma4 ,he d5ies all value to ^? high] aspirations ( ! human s\l :i* con/itute reason1 9 ! philosophical mean+ ( ! t]m4 ,n[1 ?is radical negation ( ! reason is :at ^? ,italians :o d n scruple to practise x d5om9ate ,rationalism4 ,& ?is v unw>rantable use ( a ^w is 9 fact only a p>ticul> case ( a g5]al ph5om5on4 ,to criticise1 means to exam9e ! ?\ghts :i* pres5t !mselves to ! m9d 9 ord] to di/+ui% error f tru?4 ,! ,fr5*m51 :o call !mselves ! critics1 are m5 :o require t ! intellect %all make itself ! imp>tial mirror ( ideas1 b %all r5\nce ! :ile all discrim9ation betwe5 tru? & error4 ,! t]m scepticism1 9 its prim>y signification1 conta9s ! idea ( inquir+1 ( exam9+2 & !y give ! "n ( sceptics to ! philosoph]s :o decl>e t !re is no?+ to discov]1 & consequ5tly no?+ to exam9e1 or to se>* =6 ,"o is a free-?9k] only on ! express condition ( r5\nc+ all su* free ex]cise ( ?\ght z might lead to ! acceptance ( beliefs g5]ally receiv$4 ,?is is v]ily ! c>nival ( language1 & ! bal masqu ( words4 ,^! corruptions ( ! mean+ ( t]ms are highly in/ructive4 ,doctr9es contr>y to ! laws ( human nature be> witness 9 ?is way to a secret %ame 9 produc+ !mselves "u _! true colors4 ,j z hypocrisy is an homage :i* vice pays to virtue1 s ^! b>b>isms are an homage :i* error pays to tru?4 ,to return to ,italy3 t beautiful & noble c\ntry has n escap$ ! revival ( a!ism4 ,! intoxication ( a new lib]ty1 & ! political /ruggles 9 :i* ! ,papacy is at pres5t engag$1 w favor = a "t1 x may be fe>$1 ! developm5t ( evil doctr9es4#he ,b ! lively g5ius ( ! ,italians w n be long 9 atta*+ itself aga9 to ! gr& traditions ( its pa/ hi/ory2 & ! inhabitants ( ! l&1 ^: soil 0 trodd5 by ,py?agoras & ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 w n l9k !mselves ) doctr9es :i* always run ^? :o hold !m agr\nd soon] or lat] ^u ! sad & gloomy %ores ( a vulg> empiricism4 ,we h n leisure1 ,g5tlem51 to ext5d our /udy to all p>ts ( ! globe1 & besides1 !re are c\ntries ) reg>d to :i* in=mation w\ld fail me4 ,!re=e ,i say no?+ ( ,holl&1 :]e we %\ld h1 z ,i "k1 di/ress+ facts to record4 ,! sil5ce impos$ on ,spa9 ^u ! subjects :i* we are discuss+ w\ld r5d] ! /udy ( t c\ntry a difficult "o4 ,i am want+ 9 data reg>d+ ,am]ica4 ,let u conclude our survey by a few words ab\t ,russia4 ,if we are w>rant$ 9 mak+ g5]al ass]tions 9 speak+ ( t imm5se empire1 we may say t ! ,russian p1 tak5 z a :ole1 is good & pi\s1 badly in/ruct$1 & (t5 ! victim ( ignorance or ( sup]/ition1 b dispos$ to op5 its he>t to elevat$ & pure influ5ces4 ,! cl]gy is ignorant1 ?\gh ) honorable & ev5 brilliant exceptions4 ,x is too mu* cut (f f g5]al society1 & consign$ to a sort ( ca/e1 ( :i* x w\ld be mo/ desirable to break d[n ! b>ri]s1 9 ord] to all[ ! influ5ce ( ! repres5tatives ( religion to ext5d itself m freely4 ,! "y nobles1 & ! univ]sity /ud5ts 9 g5]al1 are1 9 too l>ge a proportion1 imbu$ ) irreligi\s pr9ciples4 ,v>i\s a!i/ical writ+s1 ^? ( ,feu]ba* among/ o!rs1 h be5 translat$ into ,russian1 pr9t$ abroad1 & furtively introduc$ into ! empire4 ,m4 ,h]z51 a well-kn[n writ]1 has publi%$1 "u ! pseudonyme ( ,isc&]1 a "w full ( tal5t1 b 9 :i* come pla9ly into view ! wor/ t5d5cies ( our "t4#hf ,9 8 eyes1 life is itself its own end & cause4 ,fai? 9 ,god is ! portion ( ! ignorant cr[d1 & a!ism1 l all ! high tru?s ( sci5ce1 l ! diff]5tial calculus & ! laws ( physics1 is ! exclusive possession ( ! philosophical few4 ,:5 ,robespi]re decl>$ a!ism ari/ocratic1 he 0 "r 9 ?is s5se1 = a!ism is above ! rea* ( ! vulg>2 b :5 he conclud$ t a!ism 0 false1 he made a great mi/ake4 ,?is error1 :i* l$ him to e/abli% ! wor%ip ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 0 "o ( ! causes ( 8 fall4 ,:5 he began to foll[ 9 ! wake ( ! cons]vatives1 z a necess>y consequ5ce he w\ld lose 8 p[]4#hg ,! writ+s ( ,isc&] h ex]t$ a v]itable influ5ce 9 ,russia4 ,m4 ,h]z5 appe>s to h lo/ mu* ( 8 repute1 by ! exagg]at$ & outrage\s c\rse he has tak5 9 politics2 b x is to be fe>$ t ! traces ( 8 action are n altoge!r effac$4 ,! ,russian ,empire has be5 = a long "t1 9 ! eyes ( ! ,we/1 only an imm5se g>rison2 b n[ = "s ye>s pa/ x has be5 tak+ rank among ! numb] ( intellectual p[]s1 & n[h]e 9 ,europe is ! asc5d+ m>* ( civilization display+ itself by signs s /rik+4 ,! summons to lib]ty ( s _m millions ( m51 :i* has j be5 accompli%$ by ! g5]\s initiative ( ! rul+ p[]1 & ) ! cons5t ( ! nation1 te/ifies t t va/ social body is animat$ by ! _s ( life & ( progress4 ,b 9 ! solemn phase ?r\gh :i* %e is pass+1 ,russia is expos$ to a great dang]4 ,%e is runn+ ! risk ( sub/itut+ = a national developm5t1 drawn f ! gr& spr+s ( human nature1 a factiti\s civilization1 9 :i* w\ld figure toge!r ! fa%ions ( ,p>is1 ! morals ( ! c\lisses ( ! ,op]a1 & ! mo/ irreligi\s doctr9es ( ! ,we/4 ,may ,god pres]ve h]6 ,we h pass$ 9 review "s ( ! symptoms ( ! revival ( a!ism1 & x is impossible n to ackn[l$ge ! gravity ( ! facts :i* we h e/abli%$4 ,:at mu/ especially awak5 solicitude is1 t ! irreligi\s manife/ations ( ?\ght h assum$ su* a "* ( g5]ality1 t ! sorr[ful a/oni%m5t :i* !y ought to produce 9 u is blunt$ by habit4 ,fa%ionable reviews1 7,i allude especially to ! ,fr5*-speak+ public71 widely-circulat$ j\rnals :i* take good c>e n to violate propriety1 & :i* c\ld n ) impunity (f5d ! int]e/s or prejudices ( ! social class f :i* _! subscrib]s are recruit$1 are able to ent]ta9 )\t dang]1 & )\t excit+ en]getic prote/ations1 ! productions ( an op51 or sc>cely disguis$1 a!ism4 ,"h are ample reasons = ?\ghtfulness2 b ?is ?\ghtfulness mu/ n be m+l$ ) fe>4 ,we h to d ) a *all5ge ! v audacity ( :i* inspires me ) confid5ce1 r ?an ) dread4 ,9 fact all ! productions ( irreligi\s philosophy re/ on "o & ! same ?\ght1 ! common wat*word1 ( ! secul>ism ( ! ,engli%1 ( ! rationalism ( ! ,italians1 ( ! positivism ( ! ,fr5*1 & :i* may ev5 be recogniz$1 ) a little att5tion1 "u ! haughty =mulas :i* be> ! "n ( ,hegel4 ,& ! ?\ght is ?is3 ,! e>? is en\gh = u1 away ) heav52 man suffices = himself1 away ) ,god2 reality suffices = u1 away ) *im]as6 ,wisdom consi/s 9 cont5t+ ourselves ) ! _w z x is4 ,x is attempt$ ridicul\sly en\gh to place ?is wisdom "u ! patronage ( ! lum9>ies ( our age4 ,we are bidd51 =soo?1 to see 9 ! negation ( ! real & liv+ ,god1 a conflict ( progress ) r\t9e1 ( sci5ce ) a bl9d tradition1 ( ! mod]n m9d ) sup]annuat$ ideas4#hh ,we "k ( old ?is defiance hurl$ aga9/ ! aspirations ( ! he>t1 ! consci5ce1 & ! reason4 ,we "k ! de/9$ issue ( ?is anci5t revolt ( ! intellect aga9/ ! laws ( its own nature4 ,!re 7 a!i/s 9 ,pale/9e 9 ! days :5 ! ,psalmi/ exclaim$1 ,! fool ha? said 9 8 he>t1 ,!re is no ,god4#hi ,!re 7 a!i/s at ,rome :5 ,cic]o wrote1#ij t ! op9ion :i* recognizes gods appe>$ to him to come ne>e/ to ! resemblance ( tru?4 ,a poet ( ! ?irte5? c5tury has express$ 9 a ,lat9 v]se ! ?\ghts :i* are 9 vogue among a great _m ( our contempor>ies3 ,he d>es no?+ great1 :o believes t !re are gods4#ia ,!re 7 a!i/s 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :5 ,desc>tes ex]t$ himself to conf\nd !m1 & !y reckon$ !mselves ! f9e spirits ( _! "t4#ib ,& :o1 aga91 does n "k t 9 ! eighte5? c5tury a!ism m>*$ ) head al(t1 & fill$ ! _w ) its clamors4 ,! attempt to d )\t ,god has no?+ mod]n ab\t x1 x is met ) at all epo*s4 ,! means employ$ n[-a-days to atta9 ?is end h no?+ new ab\t !m4 ,a!ism exhibits itself 9 hi/ory ) ! *>act]s ( a *ronic malady1 ! outbreaks ( :i* are transi5t crises4 ,! mom5t ! negation is blazon$ op5ly1 humanity prote/s4 ,:y8 ,because man w nev] be p]suad$ to cont5t himself ) ! e>?1 & ) :at ! e>? c give him3 8 nature absolutely =bids x4 ,:5 we comp>e ! reality ) ! desires ( our s\ls1 we c all say ) ! ag$ patri>* ,jacob3 ,few & evil h be5 ! days ( my pilgrimage2#ic we c all say ) ,lam>t9e3 ,?\gh all ! good desir$ ( man ,9 "o sole he>t %\ld ov]fl[1 ,dea?1 b\nd+ /ill 8 mortal span1 ,w\ld turn ! cup ( joy to woe4#id ,& x is n ! he>t only :i* is conc]n$ "h2 )\t ,god man rema9s inexplicable to 8 own reason4 ,! spiritual creature ( ! ,almighty1 free by ! act ( creation1 & capable ( fall+ into slav]y by rebellion1--he und]/&s 8 nature & 8 de/9y2 b x is 9 va9 t ! apo/les ( matt] & ! wor%ipp]s ( humanity h>angue him 9 turn to expla9 to him 8 own exi/5ce4 ,man is too great to be ! *ild ( ! du/2 man is too mis]able to be ! div9e summit ( ! univ]se4 ,if he exalts himself1 ,i abase him2 if he abases himself1 ,i exalt him2 & ,i contradict him cont9ually1 until he und]/&s at la/ t he is an incompreh5sible mon/]4#ie ,! prop] /udy ( mank9d is man2 & man rema9s an enigma = man1 if he d n rise to ,god4 ,s x is t our v nature is a liv+ prote/ aga9/ a!ism1 & nev] all[s its triumphs to be ei!r g5]al1 or ( long duration4 ,a solid limit is ?us set to our w&]+s2 &1 to ! errors ( ! und]/&+1 z to ! tides ( ! ocean1 ! ,ma/] ( ?+s has said1 ,ye %all g no fur!r4 ,!re=e a!i/s may become fam\s1 b1 de/itute ( ! ray :i* r5d]s truly illu/ri\s1 humanity refuses !m ! aureole ) :i* x encircles ! br[s ( its b5efactors4 ,?is aureole x res]ves = ! sages :i* lead x to ,god1 = ! arti/s :i* reveal to x "s ( ! rays ( ! immortal light1 = all ^? :o rem9d x ( ! titles ( its dignity1 ! pl$ges ( its future1 ! sacr$ laws ( ! realm ( spirits4 ,humanity desires to live2 & to live x mu/ believe2 = x mu/ believe 9 ord] to love & to act4 ,a!ism is a crisis 9 a disease1 a pass+ swoon ov] :i* ! vital =ces ( nature triumph4 ,n[ ! vital =ces ( humanity are nei!r ext9ct nor /upefi$ 9 our "t4 ,! _w ( lit]ature is sick1 & griev\sly sick 9 "s ( its dep>tm5ts2 b ev5 !re aga9 are manife/+ !mselves noble & p[]ful reactions4 ,!n look 9 o!r directions4 ,contemplate ! religi\s movem5t ( society at l>ge1 ! wide ef=ts mak+ 9 ! doma9 ( active b5efic5ce1 ! progressive conque/s ( civilization1 ! awak5+ ( consci5ce on _m subjects3--,i c\ld easily in/ance num]\s facts 9 pro( ( :at ,i advance1 & say to y3 ,"k1 by ^! speak+ signs1 a ,god to-day ,z ye/]day ! same--! same = aye3 ,veil+1 reveal+1 at ,8 sov]eign w1 ,8 glory1--& ,8 p gu>d+ /ill4#if ,wre/le !n aga9/ ! invasion ( deadly doctr9es1 wre/le & d n fe>4 ,if m5 rise aga9/ ,god 9 ! "n ( ! mod]n m9d1 ( ! sci5ce ( ! age1 ( ! progress ( civilization1 d n suff] y\rselves to be /unn$ by ^! clamors4 ,let ! pa/ be to y ! pl$ge ( ! future6 ,to make ( a!ism a novelty1 is an error4 ,to make ( x1 9 a g5]al way1 ! *>act]i/ic ( our epo*1 is a calumny4 ,,footnotes3 #dj ,x5ophon1 ,memorab4 ( ,socrates1 ,bk4 iv4 #aj4 #da ,la ,religion naturelle4 ,preface4 #db ,emile ,saisset1 9 ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 ( ,m>*1 #ahde4 #dc ,see ! ,lettres sur les vrits1 les plus importantes de la rvlation1 by ,alb]t de ,hall]1 translat$ into ,fr5* by "o ( 8 gr&sons4 ,lausanne1 ,bridel1 #ahdf4 #dd ,la ,mtaphysique et la ,sci5ce1 #b tom4 ,oct4 #aheh4 #de ,notice sur ,m4 ,littr1 page #eg4 #df ,p>oles de philosophie positive1 page #cc4 #dg ,idem1 page #cj4 #dh ,p>oles de philosophie positive1 page #cd4 #di ,ap]u gnraux sur la doctr9e positivi/e1 p> ,m4 de ,lombrail1 anci5 lve de l'cole polyte*nique4 ,! au?or says 9 8 preface3 ,augu/e ,comte exam9$ ?is "w ) ! consci5ti\s att5tion :i* he 0 accu/om$ to give to ! simple/ task4 ,he desir$ by 8 useful c\nsels to r5d] x wor?y ( publication4 #ej ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 ( #ae? ,jan4 #ahfj1 page #cfg4 #ea ,je s\ponne entre n\s que v\s croyez en ,dieu4 ,n'allez pas dans vos v]s en consign] l'aveu2 ,craignez le ridicule1 et respectez vos matres4 ,croire en ,dieu fut un tort p]mis nos anctres4 ,mais dans notre ge6 ,allons1 il faut v\s corrig] ,et suivre votre sicle1 au lieu de le jug]4 #eb ,entre ces deux *em9s j'hsite et je m'arrte4 ,je v\drais l'c>t suivre un plus d\x s5ti]4 ,il n'en exi/e pas1 dit une voix secrte3 ,en prs5ce du ,ciel1 il faut croire ou ni]4 ,je le p5se1 en effet3 les mes t\rm5tes ,v]s l'un et l'autre excs se port5t t\r t\r2 ,mais les indiffr5ts ne sont que des a?es2 ,ils ne dormirai5t plus1 s'ils d\tai5t un seul j\r4 #ec ,see1 = example1 ,la ,religion naturelle1 by ,jules ,simon2 ,essai de philosophie religieuse1 by ,emile ,saisset2 ,de la connaissance de ,dieu1 by ,a4 ,gratry2 ,la raison et la *ri/ianisme1 d\ze lectures sur l'exi/5ce de ,dieu1 by ,*>les ,secrtan2 ,essai sur la ,provid5ce1 by ,erne/ ,b]sot2 ,de la ,provid5ce1 by ,m4 ,damiron2 ,l',ide de ,dieu1 by ,m4 ,c>o2 ,?odice1 ,etudes sur ,dieu1 la ,cration et la ,provid5ce1 p> ,amde de ,mag]ie4 #ed ,see1 = example1 ! ,etudes ori5tales ( ,m4 ,franck1 ! ,b\ddha ( ,m4 ,b>?lemy ,sa9t-,hilaire2 ,l',hi/oire de la philosophie au ,x,v,i,i,ie sicle1 ( ,m4 ,damiron4 #ee ,philosophie de la lib]t1 vol4 i4 p4 #bbe4 #ef ,t\tes ces rvoltes de la matire en furie4 #eg ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 ,april1 #ahej4 #eh ,qu'e/-ce la religion8 page #ehf ( ! translation ( ,ew]beck4 #ei ,revue des ,deux ,mondes ( #ae? ,april1 #ahej1 p4 #bhh4 #fj ,g5]al ,report address$ to ! ,conseil d',etat ( ,neu*tel on ! secret ,g]man propag&a1 & on ! clubs ( ,"y ,g]many 9 ,switz]l&1 by ,l>dy1 ,doctor ( law4 ,neu*tel1 #ahde4 #fa ,p\rvu qu'on le dlivre d'une v]tu b\rgeoise et d'une morale d'honntes ngociants4 ,bltt] d] ,geg5w>t fr sociales ,leb54 #fb ,see ! ,*roniqueur ,suisse ( #ai ,jan4 #ahfe4 #fc ,april1 #ahej1 p4 #bib4 #fd ,=ce et ,matire1 by ,l\is ,b*n]1 ,doctor 9 m$ic9e3 translat$ into ,fr5* f ! sev5? edition ( ! ,g]man "w1 by ,gamp]1 ,leipzig1 #ahfc4 #fe ,my object is to po9t out ! a!i/ical sy/ems :i* are be+ produc$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe1 & n to e/imate1 9 a g5]al way1 ! t5d5cy ( contempor>y philosophies4 ,! read]1 :o w\ld und]/& ! position occupi$ by mat]ialism 9 relation to ,g]man ?\ght 9 g5]al1 may consult ) advantage1 ,le ,matrialisme contempora91 by ,paul ,janet1 ,p>is1 #ahfd2 & ! review ( ?is "w by ,m4 ,rei*l9-,meldegg 7,zeits*rift fr ,philosophie1 ,se*sundvi]zig/] ,b&74 ,a ,swiss writ]1 ,m4 ,bhn]1 has lately publi%$ a le>n$ "w on ! subject entitl$3 ,le ,matrialisme au po9t de vue des sci5ces naturelles et des progrs de l'esprit huma91 by ,na?4 ,bhn]1 memb] ( ! ,socit helvtique des sci5ces naturelles1 translat$ f ! ,g]man1 by ,o4 ,b\rrit1 #a vol4 #hvo4 7,g5ve1 imprim]ie ,fick71 #ahfa4 #ff 444 ,ces enfants de l'effroi1 ,ces beaux ri5s qu'on adore1 et sans savoir p\rquoi1 ,ces dieux que l'homme a faits et qui n'ont pas fait l'homme4 ,,cyrano ,,de ,,b]g]ac4 #fg ,f out] to inn] ?+s1 & f inn] to high]4 #fh ,see ! ,report ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,rob]ts1 9 ! ,comptes r5dus du ,congrs int]national de bi5faisance de ,londres1 vol4 ii4 page #ie1 & ! #bcrd ,bullet9 de la ,socit g5evoise d'utilit publique1 #ahfc4 #fi ,p> son respect p\r le j\r du ,diman*e4 #gj revtit4 #ga ,la ,paix mditations hi/oriques et religieuses1 p> ,a4 ,gratry1 prtre de l',oratoire4--,septime mditation3 l',anglet]re4 #gb ,! ,con/itution ( ,man1 by ,g4 ,combe4 ,! popul> edition 0 pr9t$ at ! exp5se ( ,mr4 ,h5d]son4 #gc ,infidelity3 its aspects1 causes1 & ag5cies1 by ,?omas ,pe>son4 ,p's edition1 #ahed1 page #bfc4 #gd ,augu/e ,comte et la ,philosophie positive1 p> ,e4 ,littr1 page #bgf4 #ge ,positivism1 )9 ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury1 has become an active1 & ev5 fa%ionable mode ( ?\ght1 & n[h]e m s ?an among/ c]ta9 lit]>y & intellectual circles 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,*ri/ ( ! ,gospels & ! ,*ri/ ( mod]n ,criticism1 ,lectures on ,m4 ,r5an's ',vie de ,jsus1'--by ,john ,tullo*1 ,d4,d41 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,college ( ,/4 ,m>y 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,/4 ,&rew4 ,macmillan & ,co41 #ahfd4 #gf ,see ,pe>son3 ,infidelity1 p>ticul>ly page #caf1 & ,*ri/ianity & ,secul>ism1 ! public discussion--1 p>ticul>ly page #h4 #gg--;dans le sicle4 #gh ,vap]eau's ,dictionnaire des contempora9s--,art4 ,,holyoake4 #gi ,i h _h 9 view "h ! fir/ numb]s ( ,! ,secul> ,_w1 & ( ,! ,national ,re=m]1 ,secul> ,advocate1 = #ahfd4 #hj ,! ,national ,re=m] ( #bnd ,jan4 #ahfd4 #ha ,,ms4 in=mation4 #hb ,read]s unacqua9t$ ) ! ,italian language w f9d a comp5di\s exposition ( ,m4 ,conti's philosophy1 9 a small volume publi%$1 9 #ahfc1 "u ! title ( ,le ,camposanto de ,pise ou le ,scepticisme4 7,p>is1 librairies ,jol ,*]buliez et ,augu/e ,dur&2 ,i vol4 9-#ah47 #hc ,su* is ! te/imony r5d]$ to him by ,m4 ,aug4 ,conti 9 8 "w1 ,la ,philosophie itali5ne4 7,p>is1 ,jol ,*]buliez et ,augu/e ,dur&2 "o small vol4 #ahmo47 #hd ,le ,rationalisme 79 ,fr5*71 publi%$ ) an introduction1 by ,m4 ,d4 ,bancel1 ,brussels1 #aheh1 page #bg4 #he ,! le>n$ au?or appe>s to intimate t ! di/ractions ( ! ,papacy1 consequ5t on its political /ruggles = temporal p[]1 h9d] ! salut>y influ5ce :i* x might o!rwise ex]cise 9 ! suppression ( evil doctr9es4 ,! ,translator feels x due to himself to /ate "h1 once = all1 t he has no sympa?y :atev] ) su* a view ( ! influ5ce ( ! ,papacy4 ,on ! contr>y1 he is dispos$ to attribute to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome mo/ ( ! evils :i* afflict1 n ,italy only1 b all ! c\ntries ov] :i* %e has any p[]4 ,p]haps1 hav+ felt ! weight ( too mu* lib]ty 9 8 own ,*ur*1 ! excell5t au?or1 fundam5tally s\nd 9 8 own views ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 z is prov$ abundantly by 8 writ+s1 has be5 l$ by a natural reaction to give too mu* weight to ! opposite pr9ciple ( au?ority4 ,! conclud+ pages ( 8 =m] "w1 ,la ,vie ,et]nelle1 indicate a m9d too pa9fully & s5sitively av]se to all controv]sy ) a corrupt ,*ur*1 9 consid]ation ( ! ackn[l$g$ excell5ces ( _m ( h] individual memb]s1--h] ,pascals1 ,fnlons1 ,m>t9 ,boos1 ,gir>ds1 ,gratrys1 & ,lacordaires4--,translator4 #hf ,de l'autre rive 79 ,russian74 #hg ,de l'autre rive4 v4 ,consolatio4--,?is *apt] is a dialogue betwe5 a lady & a doctor4 ,i h consid]$ ! doctor z express+ ! ?\ghts ( ! writ]4 ,! =m ( dialogue1 h[ev]1 always all[s an au?or to express 8 ?\ghts1 :ile decl9+1 if ne$ be1 ! responsibility ( !m4 #hh ,le ,rationalisme1 p> ,ausonio ,fran*i1 page #ai4--;,=ce et matire1 p> le docteur ,b*n]1 page #bfb4--,p>oles de philosophie positive1 p> ,littr1 page #cf4--,la ,mtaphysique et la ,sci5ce1 p> ,va*]ot1 page xiv4 7,premire edition47 #hi ,ps4 xiv4 #a4 #ij ,de ,natur ,deorum4 #ia ,nil audet magnum qui putat esse ,deos4 #ib ,see ,bossuet3 ,s]mon sur la dignit de la religion4 #ic ,g54 xlvii4 #i4 #id ,qu& t\s les bi5s que l'homme envie ,dbord]ai5t dans un seul coeur1 ,la mort seule au b\t de la vie ,fait un supplice du bonheur4 #ie ,pascal4 #if ,reconnaissez1 ,messieurs1 ces traits clatants1 ,un ,dieu tel auj\rd'hui qu'il fut dans t\s les temps4 ,il sait1 qu& il lui plat1 faire clat] sa gloire1 ,et son peuple e/ t\j\rs prs5t sa mmoire4 ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,nature4 7,at ,g5eva1 #bg? ,nov4 #ahfc4--;,at ,lausanne1 #be? ,jan4 #ahfd47 ,,g5tlem51 ,! ?\ghts ( man are numb]less2 & /ill1 9 _! indef9ite v>iety1 !y nev] relate b to "o or ano!r ( ^! ?ree objects3 nature1 or ! _w ( mat]ial sub/ances1 :i* are reveal$ to our s5ses2 creat$ spirits1 simil> or sup]ior to t _s :i* is ourselves2 & f9ally ,god1 ! ,inf9ite ,be+1 ! univ]sal ,creator4 ,!re=e !re are two sorts ( a!ism1 & !re are only two4 ,! m9d /ops at nature1 & endeavors to f9d 9 mat]ial sub/ances ! univ]sal pr9ciple ( exi/5ce2 or1 ris+ above nature1 ! m9d /ops at humanity1 )\t asc5d+ to ! ,inf9ite ,m9d1 to ! ,creator4 ,we h se5 h[ cle>ly ^! two doctr9es appe> 9 contempor>y lit]ature4 ,we h n[ to ent] ^u ! exam9ation ( !m1 & ?is w af=d u matt] = two lectures4 ,! ^w nature has v>i\s mean+s2 we employ x "h to designate matt]1 & ! =ces :i* set x 9 motion1 ^? =ces be+ conceiv$ z bl9d & fatal1 9 opposition to ! consci\s & free =ce :i* con/itutes m9d4 ,matt] & ! laws ( motion are ! object ( me*anics1 ( *emi/ry1 & ( physics4 ,d ^! sci5ces suffice = resolv+ ! univ]sal enigma8 ,su* is precisely ! "q :i* (f]s itself to our exam9ation4 ,let u fir/ ( all det]m9e :at1 9 pres5ce ( ! spectacle ( ! univ]se1 is ! natural movem5t ( human ?\ght1 :5 human ?\ght possesses ! idea ( ,god4 ,i op5 a book trivial en\gh 9 its =m1 b occasionally pr(\nd 9 its cont5ts3 ! ,j\rney r\nd my room1 ( ,xavi] de ,mai/re4 ,! au?or is relat+ h[ he _h und]tak5 to make an artificial dove :i* 0 to su/a9 itself 9 ! air by means ( an +5i\s me*anism4 ,i read3 ,i _h wr\ght unceas+ly at its con/ruction = m ?an ?ree mon?s4 ,! day 0 come = ! trial4 ,i plac$ x on ! edge ( a table1 aft] hav+ c>efully clos$ ! door1 9 ord] to keep ! discov]y secret1 & to give my fri5ds a pleas+ surprise4 ,a ?read held ! me*anism motionless4 ,:o c conceive ! palpitations ( my he>t1 & ! agonies ( my self-love1 :5 ,i br\ght ! scissors ne> to cut ! fatal bond8--,ze/6--! spr+ ( ! dove />ts1 & beg9s to unroll itself ) a noise4 ,i lift my eyes to see ! bird pass2 b1 aft] mak+ a few turns ov] & ov]1 x falls1 & goes (f to hide itself "u ! table4 ,ros9e 7my dog71 :o 0 sleep+ !re1 moves ruefully away4 ,ros9e1 :o nev] sees a *ick51 or a pigeon1 or ! smalle/ bird1 )\t attack+ & pursu+ x1 did n deign ev5 to look at my dove :i* 0 fl\nd]+ on ! floor4 ,?is gave ! f9i%+ /roke to my self-e/eem4 ,i w5t to take an air+ on ! ramp>ts4 ,i 0 walk+ up & d[n1 sad & out ( spirits z "o always is aft] a great hope disappo9t$1 :51 rais+ my eyes1 ,i p]ceiv$ a flight ( cranes pass+ ov] my head4 ,i /opp$ to h a good look at !m4 ,!y 7 advanc+ 9 triangul> ord]1 l ! ,engli% column at ! battle ( ,font5oy4 ,i saw !m trav]se ! sky f cl\d to cl\d4--,ah6 h[ well !y fly1 said ,i to myself4 ,) :at assurance !y seem to glide along ! viewless pa? :i* !y foll[4--,%all ,i confess x8 alas6 may ,i be =giv56 ! horrible feel+ ( envy = once1 once only1 ent]$ my he>t1 & x 0 = ! cranes4 ,i pursu$ !m1 ) jeal\s gaze1 to ! b\nd>ies ( ! horizon4 ,= a long :ile aft]w>ds1 motionless 9 ! mid/ ( ! cr[d :i* 0 mov+ ab\t me1 ,i kept obs]v+ ! rapid movem5t ( ! swall[s1 & ,i 0 a/oni%$ to see !m susp5d$ 9 ! air1 j z if ,i _h nev] be=e se5 t ph5om5on4 ,a feel+ ( pr(\nd admiration1 unkn[n to me till !n1 light$ up my s\l4 ,i seem$ to myself to be look+ ^u nature = ! fir/ "t4 ,i he>d ) surprise ! buzz+ ( ! flies1 ! song ( ! birds1 & t my/]i\s & confus$ noise ( ! liv+ creation :i* involunt>ily celebrates its ,au?or4 ,ineffable conc]t1 to :i* man alone has ! sublime privilege ( add+ ! acc5ts ( gratitude6 ,:o is ! au?or ( ?is brilliant me*anism8 ,i exclaim$ 9 ! transport :i* animat$ me4 ,:o is ,he t1 op5+ 8 creative h&1 let fly ! fir/ swall[ into ! air8 ,x is ,he :o gave comm&m5t to ^! trees to come =? f ! gr\nd1 & to lift _! bran*es t[>d ! sky6 ,"h is a *>m+ page1 & conta9+1 ?\gh app>5tly trivial 9 /yle1 a good & s\nd philosophy4 ,let u translate ?is delightful description into ! heavi] language ( sci5ce4 ,! intellect is "o ( ! ?+s ) :i* we are be/ acqua9t$2 logic is ! sci5ce ( ?\ght1 & logic is p]haps1 among all ! sci5ces1 ! "o be/ settl$ on its bases4 ,! intellect discov]s itself to u 9 ! ex]cise ( our activity4 ,we pursue an object1 we comb9e ! means = atta9+ x1 & x is ! intellect :i* op]ates ?is comb9ation4 ,:at happ5s if we comp>e ! results ( our activity ) ! results ( ! p[] manife/$ 9 ! _w8 ,:5 we consid] 9 _! va/ ensemble ! means ( :i* nature disposes1 :5 we rem>k ! inf9ite numb] ( ! relations ( ?+s1 ! m>vell\s h>mony ( :i* univ]sal life is ! produce1 we are dazzl$ by ! spl5dor ( a wisdom :i* surpasses our own z mu* z b\ndless space surpasses ! imp]ceptible spot :i* we occupy ^u ! e>?4 ,?9k ( ?is3 ! sci5ce ( nature is s va/ t ! lea/ ( its dep>tm5ts suffices to absorb "o human lifetime4 ,all our sci5ces are only 9 _! v beg9n+2 !y are spell+ out ! fir/ l9es ( an imm5se book4 ,! elem5ts ( ! univ]se are numb]less2 & yet1 not)/&+1 all hangs toge!r2 all ?+s are l9k$ "o to ano!r 9 ! close/ connection4 ,! savants !re=e f9d !mselves 9 a /range emb>rassm5t4 ,!y are oblig$ to circumscribe m & m ! field ( _! rese>*es1 on pa9 ( los+ !mselves 9 an endless /udy2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 9 proportion z sci5ce advances1 ! mutual relation ( all its bran*es becomes s manife/ t x is ev] m & m cle>ly se5 t1 9 ord] to "k any "o ?+ ?or\ghly1 x w\ld be necess>y to "k all4 ,x ne$s n t we seek v high or v f> away = occasions ( a/oni%m5t3 ! lea/ ( ! objects :i* nature pres5ts to our view conta9s abysses ( wisdom4 ,! acquir$ results ( sci5ce appe> simple ?r\gh ! effect ( habit4 ,! sun rises e day2 :o is /ill surpris$ at its ris+8 ,! sol> sy/em has be5 kn[n a long :ile2 x is taught 9 ! humble/ s*ools1 & no long] surprises any "o4 ,b ^? :o f\nd out1 aft] long ef=ts1 :at we le>n )\t tr\ble1 ! discov]]s1 reckon$ _! discov]ies v surpris+4 ,kepl]1 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( mod]n a/ronomy1 9 ! book to :i* he consign$ 8 immortal discov]ies1 exclaims3#ig ,! wisdom ( ! ,"l is inf9ite1 z are also ,8 glory & ,8 p[]4 ,ye heav5s6 s+ ,8 praises4 ,sun1 moon1 & planets1 glorify ,him 9 y\r ineffable language6 ,praise ,him1 cele/ial h>monies1 & all ye :o c compreh5d !m6 ,& ?\1 my s\l1 praise ?y ,creator6 ,x is by ,him1 & 9 ,him1 t all exi/s4 ,:at we "k n is conta9$ 9 ,him z well z our va9 sci5ce4 ,to ,him be praise1 honor1 & glory = ev] & ev]6 ,^! words1 ,g5tlem51 h n be5 copi$ f a book ( ! ,*ur*2 !y are read 9 a "w :i*1 z all all[1 is "o ( ! f\ndations ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,i pass on to ano!r example1 & ,i cont9ue to keep y 9 good & high company4 ,newton set =? 8 discov]ies 9 a l>ge volume all bri/l+ ) figures & calculations4#ih ,! "w ( ! ma!matician end$1 ! au?or rises1 by ! consid]ation ( ! mutual int]*ange ( ! light ( all ! />s1 to ! idea ( ! unity ( ! creation2 !n he adds1 & x is ! conclusion ( 8 entire "w3 ,! ,ma/] ( ! heav5s gov]ns all ?+s1 n z be+ ! s\l ( ! _w1 b z be+ ! ,sov]eign ( ! univ]se4 ,x is on acc\nt ( ,8 sov]eignty t we call ,him ! ,sov]eign ,god4 ,he gov]ns all ?+s1 ^? :i* are1 & ^? :i* may be4 ,he is ! "o ,god1 & ! same ,god1 ev]y:]e & always4 ,we admire ,him because ( ,8 p]fections1 we rev]5ce & adore ,him because ( ,8 sov]eignty4 ,a ,god )\t sov]eignty1 )\t provid5ce1 & )\t object 9 ,8 works1 w\ld be only de/9y or nature4 ,n[1 f a bl9d metaphysical necessity1 ev]y:]e & always ! same1 c\ld arise no v>iety2 all t div]sity ( creat$ ?+s accord+ to places & times 7:i* con/itutes ! ord] & life ( ! univ]se7 c\ld only h be5 produc$ by ! ?\ght & w ( a ,be+ :o is ! ,be+1 exi/+ by ,himself1 & necess>ily4 ,"h1 ,sirs1 are noble ?\ghts1 express$ 9 noble /yle4 ,i recomm5d y to read ?r\gh\t ! pages f :i* ,i h quot$ a few fragm5ts4 ,let u n[ analyze ! ideas ( ?is great a/ronom] z ?us exp\nd$4 ,we may note ^! ?ree affirmations3 #a4 ,! univ]se displays an admirable ord] :i* reveals ! wisdom ( ! ,p[] :i* gov]ns x4 #b4 ,! univ]se lives2 x is n fix$1 & its v>iations suppose an intellig5t ,p[] :i* directs x4 #c4 ,! v>iable exi/5ce ( ! univ]se %[s t x is n necess>y2 x mu/ h its cause 9 a ,be+ :o is ! ,be+1 necess>ily1 by ,8 prop] nature4 ,su* are ! views ( ,newton4 ,exam9e ?is c\rse ( ?\ght1 & see if x is n natural4 ,obs]vation reveals to u facts4 ,facts 9 !mselves1 isolat$ facts1 are no?+ = ! m9d2 b 9 ! facts ( nature1 human reason discov]s an ord]1 & 9 t ord] x recognizes its own prop] laws4 ,to keep )9 ! doma9 ( a/ronomy--!re is h>mony betwe5 our m9d & ! c\rse ( ! />s4 ,if y h any d\bt ab\t ?is1 ,i appeal to ! almanac4 ,we !re f9d x /at$ t 9 su* a mon?1 on su* a day1 at su* an h\r1 !re w be an eclipse ( ! sun or ( ! moon4 ,h[ comes ! editor ( ! almanac to "k t8 ,he has le>nt x f ! savants :o h succe$$ 9 expla9+ ! ph5om5a ( ! skies4 ,! savant !re=e c 9 8 /udy meet ) ! intellig5ce :i* directs ! univ]se4 ,if he makes no mi/ake 9 8 calculations1 ! eclipse beg9s at ! precise h\r :i* he has indicat$4 ,if ! eclipse did n take place at ! in/ant =ese51 no "o w\ld suspect ,nature ( n foll[+ ! c\rse prescrib$ by ! direct+ intellig5ce2 ! inf]5ce w\ld be t !re _h be5 a fault 9 obs]vation1 or an error ( figures on ! "p ( ! a/ronom]4 ,:5 sci5ce1 !n1 does its "p well1 ! m9d ( man enc\nt]s ano!r m9d :i* is gov]n+ ! _w & ma9ta9+ x 9 ord]4 ,! special sci5ce ( nature /ops !re1 z we %all expla9 fur!r on2 b ?is is n all t man requires1 :5 he makes use ( all 8 faculties4 ,all is pass+ & *ang+ 9 ! doma9 ( exp]i5ce2 & reason seeks in/9ctively ! cause ( *angeable facts 9 an un*angeable ,be+1 ! cause ( transi5t ph5om5a 9 an et]nal ,be+4 ,nature1 !re=e1 does n suffice to acc\nt to u = itself4 ,x dem&s a p[] to direct x1 an intellig5ce to regulate x2 an absolute et]nal ,be+ z its cause4 ,?is is :at reason imp]atively requires2 & :5 we possess ! idea ( ,god1 nature reveals to u ,8 p[] & ,8 wisdom4 ,?is is an old argum5t1 & !y call x commonplace4 ,x is commonplace1 9 fact2 x has appe>$ ov] & ov] aga9 9 ! disc\rses ( ,socrates1 9 ! writ+s ( ,gal51 ( ,kepl]1 ( ,newton1 ( ,l9nu4 ,yes1 ?is argum5t has fall5 s l[ z to be public prop]ty1 if we c say t tru? falls :5 x %9es ) a spl5dor vivid en\gh to enlight5 ! masses4 ,if ,i desir$ to br+ toge!r "h ! te/imony ( all ! savants :o h se5 ,god 9 nature1 ! song ( all ! poets :o h celebrat$ ! glory ( ! ,et]nal z manife/$ by ! creation1 ! enum]ation w\ld be long1 & ,i %\ld soon tire out y\r pati5ce4 ,y c und]/& !re=e t if !re are1 z ! misan?rope ,r\sseau says !re are1 philosoph]s :o hold 9 su* contempt vulg> op9ions t !y pref] error ( _! own discov]y to tru? f\nd out by o!r p1 !n ! anci5t argum5t1 :i* inf]s ! wisdom ( ! ,creator f ! ord] ( ! creation1 mu/ be ! object ( b small e/eem ) !m4 ,/ill ,i = my "p take ?is old argum5t = a good "o1 & ,i mean to def5d x4 ,nature is v]ily & inde$ a m>vel plac$ be=e ! obs]vation ( our m9ds4 ,! gr[? ( a blade ( grass1 ! habits ( an ant1 conta9 = an att5tive obs]v] prodigies ( wisdom4 ,a drop ( dew reflect+ ! beams ( morn+1 ! play ( light among ! leaves ( a tree1 reveal to ! poet & ! arti/ treasures ( poetry4 ,b too (t51 bl9d$ by habit1 we are unable to see2 & :5 our m9d is asleep1 x seems to u t ! univ]se slumb]s4 ,a sudd5 fla% ( light c sometimes ar\se u f ?is le?>gy4 ,if sci5ce all at once deliv]s up to u "s "o ( ^? gr& laws :i* reveal 9 ?\s&s ( ph5om5a ! traces ( "o & ! same m9d1 ! a/oni%m5t ( our intellect excites 9 our s\l an emotion ( adoration4 ,:5 ! fir/ rays ( morn+ light up ) a pure brightness ! l(ty summits ( our ,alps2 :5 ! sun at 8 sett+ /ret*es a pa? ( fire along ! wat]s ( our lake1 :o does n feel impell$ to r5d] glory to ! supreme ,arti/8 ,:5 d>k cold fogs re/ ^u our valleys at ! decl9e ( autumn1 x only ne$s sometimes to climb ! m\nta9-side1 9 ord] to issue all at once f ! gloomy region1 & see ! *a9 ( high peaks1 respl5d5t ) light1 m>k !mselves out ^u a sky ( incomp>able blue4 ,(t5 h ,i giv5 myself ! delight ( ?is gr& spectacle1 & always at su* a "t my he>t has utt]$ spontane\sly f its dep?s t hymn ( adoration3 ,t\t l'univ]s e/ ple9 de sa magnific5ce4 ,qu'on l'adore1 ce ,dieu1 qu'on l'invoque jamais6#ii ,su* is1 9 ! pres5ce ( nature1 ! spontane\s movem5t ( ! he>t & ( ! reason4 ,b a false wisdom obscures ^! cle> v]ities by cl\ds ( sophisms4 ,:5 y\r he>t feels impell$ to r5d] glory to ,god1 !re is dang] le/ importunate ?\ghts rise 9 y\r m9d & c\nt]act ! impulse ( y\r adoration4 ,p]haps y h he>d x said1 p]haps y h read1 t ! acc5ts ( spiritual song1 ^? e*oes1 gr[+ ev] weak]1 ( by-gone ages1 are no long] he>d by a m9d enlight5$ by mod]n sci5ce4 ,i %\ld wi% to deliv] y f ?is pa9ful d\bt4 ,i %\ld wi% to protect y f ! fasc9ations ( a false sci5ce4 ,i %\ld wi% t 9 ! view ( nature1 ev5 ^? :o h z yet no wi% to adore1 ) ,/4 ,paul1 ,him ^: invisible p]fections are cle>ly se5 :5 we contemplate ,8 works1 may at lea/ feel !mselves free to admire1 ) ,socrates1 ! supreme ,god :o ma9ta9s ! works ( creation 9 ! fl[] ( y\? & 9 a vigor ev] new4 ,let u exam9e a few ( ! prejudices :i* x is s\ght to dissem9ate1 9 ord] to deprive ( _! =ce ! reason+s ( ,newton1 & to turn u f ! op9ions ( ,kepl]4 ,x is said t sci5ce leads away f ,god1 & t fai? cont9ues to be ! lot only ( ! ignorant4 ,li/5 on ?is head fir/ ( all to ! ,italian ,fran*i4 ,! class ( society 9 :i* infidels & sceptics especially ab\nd is t ( savants & m5 ( lett]s1--m51 9 %ort1 :o h gone ?r\gh /udies1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* !y h c]ta9ly become acqua9t$ ) ! fam\s demon/rations ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,b no soon] h !y exam9$ !m ) _! own eyes1 & submitt$ !m to ! crit]ion ( _! own judgm5t1 ?an ^! demon/rations no long] demon/rate any?+2 ^! reason+s turn out to be only p>alogisms4#ajj ,"h we h ! !sis 9 its g5]al =m3 to become an infidel or a sceptic1 x is en\gh to be a well educat$ man4 ,! ,g]man ,b*n] w n[ %[ u ! application ( ?is notion to ! special /udy ( nature4 ,at ?is day1 our h>de/ labor]s 9 ! sci5ces1 our mo/ indefatigable /ud5ts ( nature1 pr(ess mat]iali/ic s5tim5ts4#aja ,! same t5d5cies are (t5 manife/$ among ,fr5* writ]s4 ,! au?or ( a rec5t a/ronomical treatise1 = example1 draws a veil ( deceitful words ov] ! pr(\nd fai? ( ,kepl]1 & takes evid5t pleasure 9 ?r[+ into relief ! tok5s ( sympa?y be/[$ un=tunately by ! le>n$ ,laplace ^u a!ism4#ajb ,"h !n we h op5 attempts to f\nd a prejudice aga9/ religion on ! au?ority ( sci5ce2 & ^! attempts di/urb ! m9ds ( n a few4 ,i ask two que/ions on ?is head4 ,is x true1 9 fact1 t mod]n naturali/s are g5]ally irreligi\s8 ,is x possible t ! sci5ce ( nature1 rightly consid]$1 %\ld lead to a!ism8#ajc ,let u beg9 ) ! "q ( fact2 & fir/ ( all let u settle cle>ly ! be>+ & object ( ?is discussion4 ,i wi% to de/roy a prejudice1 & n to create "o4 ,i am n propos+ to y to take ! votes ( savants1 9 ord] to "k :e!r ,god exi/s4 ,no4 ,?\gh all ! univ]sities 9 ,europe %\ld unite to vote x d>k at mid-day1 ,i %\ld n cease on t acc\nt to believe 9 ! sun1 & t1 ,g5tlem51 9 common ) y all1 & ) ! mass ( my fell[-m54 ,i h in/itut$ a sort ( inquiry 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r mod]n naturali/s h 9 g5]al be5 l$ to a!i/ical s5tim5ts1 z "s w\ld h u believe4 ,9 appeal+ to ! recollections ( my own e>li] /udies & subsequ5t read+1 ,i h m>k$ ! names ( ! m5 be/ kn[n 9 ! v>i\s sci5ces1 & ,i h inquir$ :at religi\s op9ions !y may h publicly manife/$4 ,i w n[ give y briefly ! result ( my labor4 ,i h left a/ronomy out ( ! "q1 consid]+ t1 not)/&+ ! great notoriety ( ,laplace1 we h 9 ,kepl] & ,newton a weight ( au?ority suffici5t to c\nt]balance t :i* x is desir$ to connect ) 8 "n4 ,desc5d+ to ! e>?1 we enc\nt] fir/ ( all ! g5]al sci5ce ( our globe1 or geography4 ,9 ?is ord] ( /udies a ,g]man1 ,ritt]1 enjoys an inconte/able preem95ce4 ,he is call$1 ev5 9 ,france1 ! creator ( sci5tific geography4 ,sci5tific geography re/s = support on ne>ly all ! sci5ces3 x proce$s f ! g5]al results ( *emi/ry1 physics1 & geology4 ,_h !n ! va/ k ( ,ritt] turn$ him away f ,god8 ,i _h read some:]e#ajd t he 0 "o ( ^? savants :o h be/ realiz$ ! union ( sci5ce & fai?4 ,"o ( my fri5ds :o 0 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) him has describ$ him to me1 n only z a man :o ador$ ! ,creator 9 ! view ( ! creation1 b z an amiable & zeal\s ,*ri/ian1 :o ex]t$ himself to communicate to o!rs 8 own convictions4 ,f ! g5]al /udy ( ! globe1 let u pass to t ( ! organiz$ be+s :i* p its surface4 ,does botany tea* ! human m9d to disp5se ) ,god8 ,let u li/5 to ,l9nu4 ,i op5 ! ,sy/em ( ,nature1#aje & on ! rev]se ( ! title-page ,i read3 ,o ,"l1 h[ manifold are ,?y works6 9 wisdom ha/ ,?\ made !m all3 ! e>? is full ( ,?y ri*es4#ajf ,i turn ov] a few leaves1 & ,i meet ) a table :i* comprises1 "u ! title1 ,empire ( ,nature1 ! g5]al classification ( be+s4 ,! comm5cem5t is z foll[s3 ,et]nal ,god1 all-wise & almighty6 ,i h se5 ,him z x 7 pass be=e me1 & ,i rema9$ conf\nd$4 ,i h discov]$ "s traces ( ,8 foot/eps 9 ! works ( ! creation2 & 9 ^? works1 ev5 9 ! lea/1 ev5 9 ^? :i* seem mo/ insignificant1 :at might6 :at wisdom6 :at inexplicable p]fection6--,if ?\ call ,him ,de/9y1 ?\ art n mi/ak51 x is ,he ^u :om all dep5ds4 ,if ?\ call ,him ,nature1 ?\ art n mi/ak51 x is ,he f :om all takes its orig94 ,if ?\ call ,him ,provid5ce1 ?\ speake/ truly2 x is by ,8 c\nsel t ! univ]se subsi/s4 ,ano!r great naturali/1 ,george ,cuvi]1 takes c>e to po9t out t ,l9nu us$ to seize ) m>k$ pleasure ! num]\s occasions :i* natural hi/ory (f]$ him ( mak+ kn[n ! wisdom ( ,provid5ce4#ajg ,?us mod]n botany 0 f\nd$ 9 a _s ( piety4 ,has x1 at a lat] p]iod1 made any discov]ies calculat$ to efface f ! life ( vegetables ! m>ks ( ,div9e intellig5ce8 ,all[ me to introduce "h a p]sonal s\v5ir4 ,i receiv$ lessons 9 my y\? f an old man1 :o1 hav+ once be5 ! tea*] ( ,de ,c&olle1 rema9$ 8 fri5d4#ajh ,by a r /range academical arrangem5t1 ,m4 ,vau*] f\nd himself set to tea* u--n botany1 = :i* he possess$ bo? ta/e & g5ius1#aji b a sci5ce ( :i* he knew b little1 & :i* he lik$ /ill less4 ,s x came to pass t a good "p ( ! h\r ( lecture 0 (t5 fill$ up ) famili> conv]sations4 ,^! conv]sations took u f> away f *ur* hi/ory1 :i* we 7 suppos$ to be le>n+4 ,! misplac$ botani/ rev]t$1 by a natural impulse1 to 8 mu*-lov$ sci5ce2 & ,i h se5 him %$ te>s ( t5d] emotion1 9 8 ,pr(essor's *air1 z he spoke to u ( ! ,god :o made ! primrose ( ! spr+1 & conceal$ ! violet "u ! h$ge by ! wayside4 ,!re=e is ! recollection ( t old man n only liv+ 9 my memory1 b also de> to my he>t4 ,/ill he 0 a savant1 an en?usia/ic naturali/2 &1 9 ! broad light ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 he felt & spoke l ,l9nu4 ,let u pass to ! /udy ( animals4 ,i _h ! wi%1 "s ye>s ago1 to procure ! be/ ( mod]n treatises ^u physiology4 ,i 0 direct$ to ! "w ( ,pr(essor ,mll]1 ( ,b]l94 ,?is book has n lo/ its value1--=1 ?is v morn+1 a /ud5t ( our faculty ( sci5ces came to me to borr[ x1 by ! advice ( 8 ma/]s4 ,mll] 0 a great physiologi/1 & he made an op5 pr(ession ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,h we n ! "r to conclude t he believ$ 9 ,god8 ,9 ,france1 ,i c\ld cite m ?an "o "n 9 support ( my !sis2 ,i conf9e myself to a s+le fact4 ,! att5tion ( ! sci5tific _w has v rec5tly be5 occupi$ ) ! discov]ies ( ,m4 ,pa/eur4 ,m4 ,pa/eur has asc]ta9$ t ! decomposition ( organiz$ bodies1 aft] dea?1 is effect$ by ! action ( small animals almo/ imp]ceptible1 ! g]ms ( :i* ! l>g] animals c>ry 9 !mselves1 z liv+ prep>atives = _! int]m5t4 ,! design ( ,provid5ce reveals itself to 8 und]/&+1 & he writes3 ,! imm$iate elem5ts ( liv+ bodies w\ld be 9 a mann] inde/ructible1 if f ! be+s :i* ,god has creat$ 7 tak5 away ! smalle/1 &1 9 appe>ance1 ! mo/ useless4 ,life w\ld ?us become impossible1 because ! return to ! atmosph]e & to ! m9]al k+dom ( all t has ceas$ to live w\ld be all at once susp5d$4#aaj ,9 o!r words3 ,i h /udi$ facts hi!rto incompletely obs]v$1 & my /udy has reveal$ to me a new manife/ation ( t ,div9e wisdom ( :i* ! univ]se be>s ! impression4 ,engl& possesses a naturali/ ( ! fir/ ord]1 :om 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 take a pleasure 9 comp>+ to ,george ,cuvi]--,pr(essor ,ow54 ,?is savant lectur$1 a few mon?s ago1 be=e a num]\s auditory1 on ! relations ( religion & natural sci5ce4#aaa ,he is fully possess$ ( all ! in=mation :i* ! times af=d1--is n ignorant ( mod]n discov]ies1--is1 9 fact1 "o ( ! pr9ces ( contempor>y sci5ce4 ,well1 ,g5tlem51 ,mr4 ,ow5 repeats1 ) ref]5ce to animals1 :at ,newton 0 l$ to say by 8 contemplation ( ! heav5s1 & ,l9nu by 8 /udy ( ! plants4 ,he is n afraid to admire ) ,gal5 ! m>vell\s wisdom :i* presid$ ov] ! organization ( liv+ bodies4 ,8 disc\rse is entitl$1 ,! ,p[] ( ,god 9 ,8 ,animal ,creation4 ,! m we und]/&1 he says1 ! m we admire1 ! m we adore4 ,he pauses 9 view ( ! m>vell\s productions ( nature1 beside :i* ! mo/ delicate works ( human indu/ry appe>1 b5ea? ! microscope1 b co>se1 r\gh hew+s2 he comp>es our mo/ highly f9i%$ ma*9es to ! liv+ ma*9es made by ! h& ( ,god1 & inf]s t1 n to disc]n intellig5ce 9 ! relation ( means to ends1 necess>ily implies 9 ! m9d a defect simil> to t ( eyes :i* are unable to di/+ui% colors4 ,mr4 ,ow5 decl>es t su* a /ate ( m9d & feel+ 9 a naturali/ may provoke blame f "s & pity f o!rs1 & rema9s = him1 s f> z he is conc]n$1 absolutely incompreh5sible4 ,aga91 d ! mo/ le>n$ *emi/s f9d 9 ! /udy ( ! elem5ts ( matt] a revelation ( a!ism8 ,m4 ,liebig1 ,i h be5 told1 is "o ( ! fir/ *emi/s ( our epo*4 ,he believ$ he _h discov]$ an application ( *emi/ry to agriculture1 ! effect ( :i* w\ld be to furni% a rem$y to ! exhau/ion ( ! soil4 ,8 discov]y turn$ out false1 & a m att5tive /udy ( 8 subject l$ him to asc]ta9 t ! object :i* he 0 pursu+ 0 actually realiz$ by ,div9e ,provid5ce 9 a way ( :i* he _h _h no suspicion4 ,! foll[+ is 8 own acc\nt ( ?is1 publi%$ 9 #ahfb3 ,aft] hav+ submitt$ all ! facts to a new & v se>*+ exam9ation1 ,i discov]$ ! cause ( my error4 ,i _h s9n$ aga9/ ! wisdom ( ! ,creator1 & ,i _h receiv$ my j puni%m5t4 ,i 0 wi%+ to p]fect ,8 "w1 &1 9 my bl9dness1 ,i ?\ght t 9 ! admirable *a9 ( laws :i* preside ov] life at ! surface ( ! e>?1 & ma9ta9 x ev] 9 fre%ness1 !re 0 want+ a l9k :i* ,i1 feeble & impot5t worm1 0 to supply4 ,provision _h be5 made = ?is be=eh&1 b 9 a way s wond]ful1 t ! possibility ( su* a law _h n s mu* z dawn$ ^u ! human und]/&+4#aab ,"h is a confession v noble 9 its humility2 & to ?is *emi/1 :o ?us r5d]s glory to ,god1 no "o ( 8 colleagues c\ld say3 ,if y _h z mu* sci5ce z we1 y w\ld say no m ab\t ! wisdom ( ! ,creator4 ,let u pass on to natural philosoph]s4 ,i h tak5 a special int]e/ 9 ?is "p ( my inquiry1 because ,i _h read 9 ! productions ( a lit]>y man ( ,p>is1 t mod]n physics h plac$ ^? at fault :o def5d ! doctr9e ( ! liv+ & true ,god4 ,i inquir$ accord+ly ( a man1 v well able to give me ! in=mation1 :e!r !re exi/s 9 ,europe a natural philosoph] hold+ a position ( q exceptional di/9ction4 ,i receiv$ = reply3 ,y may say boldly t1 by ! unanim\s cons5t ( m5 ( sci5ce1 ,mr4 ,f>aday1 9 reg>d bo? to ! greatness & range ( 8 discov]ies1 is ! fir/ natural philosoph] liv+4 ,aft] hav+ ?us made myself sure1 !re=e1 on ?is po9t1 ,i took ! lib]ty ( writ+ to ,mr4 ,f>aday ! foll[+ lett]3 ,,g5eva1 #cj? ,octob]1 #ahfc4 ,,sir1 ,i h ! int5tion ( comm5c+ %ortly1 at ,g5eva1 & = an auditory ( m51 a c\rse ( lectures design$ to combat ! manife/ations ( contempor>y a!ism4 ,to ?is deplorable error ,i desire to oppose fai? 9 ,god1 z x has be5 giv5 to ! _w by ! ,gospel1 fai? 9 ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,"o ( my lectures w be specially devot$ to ! removal ( prejudices aga9/ religion :i* h _! orig9 9 natural sci5ce4 ,x is said v (t51 & v boldly1 t mod]n physics & mod]n *emi/ry demon/rate ! unf\nd$ "* ( religi\s beliefs4 ,^! !ses are ma9ta9$ at ,g5eva z else:]e4 ,i %\ld wi% to reply t natural sci5ce does n ( itself turn m5 f ,god1 & t )\t be+ able to give fai?1 x confirms ! fai? ( ^? :o believe3 ?is ,i %\ld wi% to e/abli% by cit+ names inve/$1 9 sci5ce1 ) an inconte/able & solid r5[n4 ,w y1 ,sir1 au?orize me to make use ( y\r "n8 ,mr4 ,f>aday1 9 reply1 s5t me ! foll[+ lett]1 dat$ #f? ,nov4 #ahfc4 ,,sir1 4444,y h a full "r to make use ( my "n3 = al?\gh ,i g5]ally avoid mix+ up ?+s sacr$ & ?+s pr(ane1 ,i h1 on "o occasion1 writt5 & publi%$ a passage :i* accords to y ?is "r1 & :i* ,i ma9ta94 ,i s5d y a copy ( x4 ,i hope y w f9d no?+ 9 any o!r "p ( my rese>*es1 to contradict or weak5 9 any way :atev] ! s5se ( ?is passage4 ,i beg y to transmit my be/ remembrances to my fri5d ,m4 de la ,rive4444 ,! passage ?us indicat$ e/abli%es a l9e ( dem>cation1 v /rongly 7p]haps too /rongly7 drawn betwe5 rese>*es ( ! reason & ! doma9 ( religi\s tru?1 & conta9s a pr(ession ( positive fai? 9 ,revelation4 ,! au?or affirms t he has nev] recogniz$ any incompatibility betwe5 sci5ce & fai?1 & makes ! foll[+ decl>ation3 ,ev5 9 e>?ly matt]s ,i reckon t '! invisible ?+s ( ,god f ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made1 ev5 8 et]nal p[] & ,godhead4' ,a lit]>y man ( ,p>is decl>es to u t natural sci5ce leads away f ,god3 "o ( ! fir/ savants ( our "t in=ms u t ! sci5tific contemplation ( nature r5d]s ! wisdom ( ,god manife/4 ,! "q is "o ( fact4 ,to :om %all we give our confid5ce8 ,= my "p1 s9ce x is natural philosophy :i* is 9 "q1 ,i rank myself on ! side ( ! ,natural ,philosoph]4 ,we w "h t]m9ate ?is review4 ,x is "t1 h[ev]1 :i* fails u1 n subject-matt]1 = cont9u+ x4 ,y may h notic$ t ! "n ( no "o ( ! savants ( ,switz]l& figures 9 ?is inquiry4 ,nev]!less our c\ntry w\ld h furni%$ a ri* m9e = my purpose4 ,x conta9s 7& x is "o ( its be/ privileges7 a goodly numb] ( savants1 :om ! obs]vation ( ! facts ( matt] h n caus$ to =get ! claims ( m9d1 & :o "k h[ to raise _! s\ls to ! ,au?or ( ! m>vels :i* !y /udy4 ,y w und]/& !re=e t x has n be5 f anxiety = my cause1 b f a motive ( discretion1 t ,i h =borne to br+ into ?is discussion ! names ( m5 9 :om we h a ne> int]e/1 & _m ( :om p]haps are pres5t 9 ?is assembly4 ,i w take advantage ( ,mr4 ,f>aday's lett] to make a s+le exception1 by nam+ ,m4 de la ,rive4 ,m ?an once1 & 9 public1 we h he>d him di/9ctly po9t out ! place occupi$ by ! sci5ces ( m9d 9 relation to ! natural sci5ces1 & r5d] glory to ! ,creator4 ,& ,i d n ?9k t any "o1 9 ,switz]l& or else:]e1 c claim to speak ) disda91 9 ! "n ( ! physical sci5ces1 ( ! religi\s convictions boldly pr(ess$ by our le>n$ fell[-c\ntryman4#aac ,recollect1 ,g5tlem51 t ,i h n und]tak5 to prove ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 by mak+ appeal to ! au?ority ( m5 ( sci5ce4 ,all ,i h s\ght to d has be5 to de/roy a prejudice4 ,!y tell u1 & scream x at u1 t ! be/ naturali/s become a!i/s4 ,?is is n true1 z ,i ?9k ,i h %[n4 ,!re d exi/ a!i/s :o cultivate ! natural sci5ces1--no d\bt ( ! fact4 ,b ev5 ?\gh half ! :ole numb] ( naturali/s 7 a!i/s1 inasmu* z o!r naturali/s1 & ^? "s ( ! greate/1 f9d 9 _! /udies new motives to adoration1 we are =c$ to ! conclusion1 t ! true cause :y ^! savants repudiate religion has no?+ to d ) _! sci5ce4 ,we %all come to be m /rongly confirm$ 9 ?is op9ion1 if we pass n[ f ! "q ( fact to consid]ations ( s\nd reason4 ,! weakness ( ! human m9d leads x to =get ! facts ) :i* x is n occupi$4 ,all special culture ( ! intellect risks consequ5tly ! p>alyz+ a "p ( our faculties4 ,hegel1 lo/ 9 ab/ractions1 p]suades himself t he w be able to con/ruct by pure reason+ ! hi/ory ( nature & t ( ! human race4 ,a geometrician1 :o no long] saw 9 ! _w any?+ b !orems & demon/rations1 ask$1 aft] ! repres5tation ( a dramatic ma/]piece1 ,& :at does t prove8 ,a physiologi/ absorb$ 9 ! /udy ( s5sible ph5om5a says3 ,:]e is t s\l !y talk (8 ,i h nev] se5 x4 ,^! are ph5om5a ( ! same ord]4 ,?is infirmity ( ! m9d1 :i* leads c]ta9 savants to ?9k t ! ord9>y subject ( _! /udies is ev]y?+1 mu/ n be imput$ to sci5ce4 ,a man accu/om$ to ! exclusive obs]vation ( mat]ial ph5om5a1 may become a mat]iali/ by ! effect ( 8 m5tal habits1 & ?is really happ5s1 9 fact1 9 too _m in/ances2 b ! /udy 9 itself is n responsible = ?is result4 ,let u endeavor to prove ?is1 by cle>ly def9+ ! object ( ! natural sci5ces4 ,:5 ! matt] ( a ph5om5on is giv5 to u1 ! und]/&+ proposes to itself ?ree que/ions3 #a4 ,h[ does ! fact manife/ itself8 :at is ! mode ( its exi/5ce8 ,! answ] gives u ! law ( ! ph5om5on4 ,bodies fall to ! gr\nd at a det]m9$ rate ( spe$3 ! det]m9ation ( ?is rate is ! law ( _! fall4 #b4 ,:at is ! real effective p[] :i* produces ! ph5om5on8 ,?is is ! inquiry aft] ! cause4 #c4 ,:at is ! int5tion :i* presid$ at ! production ( ! ph5om5on8 ,?is is ! se>* aft] ! object1 :i* philosoph]s call ! f9al cause4 ,:at we call und]/&+ or expla9+ a fact1 is answ]+ ^! ?ree que/ions2 x is f9d+ ! law1 ! cause1 ! end4 ,?is analysis 0 made by ,ari/otle1 & seems to h be5 well made4 ,! sci5ce ( nature1 z x is conceiv$ by ! mod]ns1 does n und]take to satisfy entirely ! desires ( ! human m9d4 ,x conf9es itself to ! fir/ "q2 x classes ph5om5a2 x !n seeks _! law2 arriv$ at ?is1 x /ops4 ,! cause & design ( ?+s rema9 out ( ! sph]e ( its inve/igations2 ! "q ( ,god !re=e cont9ues =eign to x4 ,a /ory is told t :5 ,buonap>te express$ 8 a/oni%m5t t ! ,m>quis de la ,place c\ld h writt5 a l>ge book on ! sy/em ( ! univ]se1 )\t mak+ any m5tion ( ! ,creator1 ! le>n$ a/ronom] repli$ to 8 sov]eign3 ,sire1 ,i _h no ne$ ( t hypo!sis4 ,! answ] is admissible if we reg>d only ! sci5ce ( nature4 ,an a/ronom] has no ne$ ( ,god 9 ord] to foll[ out ! s]ies ( 8 calculations1 & comp>e _! results ) ! c\rse ( ! />s2 a *emi/ has no ne$ ( ,god 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! simple elem5ts comb9$ 9 composite bodies2 a natural philosoph] has no ne$ ( ,god 9 ord] to det]m9e ! laws ( waves ( s\nd or ( electric curr5ts4 ,! sci5ce ( nature does n demon/rate ! exi/5ce ( ,god2 /ill less c x d5y ,8 exi/5ce4 ,to d5y ,god1 x w\ld be necess>y = sci5ce to demon/rate t !re is no ord]1 & consequ5tly no cause ( ! ord] to discov]2 = :5 we po9t out ! h>mony ( ! univ]se1 we manife/ly prep>e a basis = ! argum5t :i*1 f ! intellig5ce recogniz$ 9 ! ph5om5a1 w inf] ! intellig5ce ( ! ,p[] :i* gov]ns !m4 ,to prove t !re is no ord] w\ld be to prove t !re is no sci5ce4 ,= any "o :o well und]/&s ! value ( t]ms1 ! words a!i/ical sci5ce conta9 a contradiction2 !y signify sci5ce :i* proves t !re is no sci5ce4 ,su*1 ,g5tlem51 is ! real /ate ( ! "q4 ,our savants1 :5 !y rema9 fai?ful to _! me?od1 seek to det]m9e ! laws ( ph5om5a1 & d n occupy !mselves ei!r ) ! ,fir/ ,cause ( nature1 or ) its g5]al object2 !y leave ! "q ( ,god on "o side4 ,:5ce come !n ! negations ( naturali/s8 ,!y arise 9 ?is way3 ^? savants :o succe$ 9 /rictly conf9+ !mselves )9 ! limits ( _! sci5ce are r>e exceptions4 ,almo/ always ! man introduces 8 ?\ghts into ! "w ( ! savant1 & ! results ( 8 /udy appe> to him religi\s or irreligi\s1 accord+ to 8 views ( religion4 ,newton ends 8 book ) a hymn to ! ,creator2 b x is n ! ma!matical pr9ciples ( nature :i* h reveal$ to him ! ,sov]eign ,god4 ,he p]ceives ! rays ( ,8 glory because he believes 9 ,him4 ,9 ! same way1 ! a!i/ ?9ks t 8 rese>*es disprove ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 because ,god is veil$ f 8 s\l4 ,9 bo? cases x is a doctr9e =eign to pure natural sci5ce :i* gives a color to its results4 ,self-deception is v common 9 ?is matt]1 & 9 bo? directions4 ,! religi\s m9d does n und]/& h[ x is possible to contemplate ! univ]se1 & n see inscrib$ ^u x di/9ctly ! "n ( its ,au?or2 & ! intrusion ( a!ism into ! sci5ces ( obs]vation is veil$ b5ea? confusions ( ideas :i* x is ( importance = u to dissipate4 ,mod]n sci5ce1 z we h said1 /ops at laws1 )\t tr\bl+ itself ) causes4 ,! laws :i* det]m9e ! s]ies ( facts z !y (f] !mselves to obs]vation express ! mode ( ! action ( ! causes4 ,!re are "h two ideas absolutely di/9ct3 ! p[] :i* acts1 & ! mann] 9 :i* x acts4 ,if ! naturali/ ?9ks t 8 sci5ce is ev]y?+1 he mu/ conclude t we c "k no?+ beyond ! laws1 & t an insup]able ignorance hides f our view ! p[] ( :i* !y express ! action4 ,b he r>ely succe$s 9 keep+ ?is position1 & deceives 8 reason by conf\nd+ ! laws :i* he discov]s ) ! causes ) :i* 8 m9d is n able to disp5se4 ,he says fir/ ( all ) ,fran*i1 ! univ]se is :at x is2 ?is is ! g5]al =mula ( all ! tru?s ( exp]i5ce2 !n he adds ) ! same au?or1 x is because x is4 ,?is because means no?+1 or means t laws are _! own causes4 ,if x is ask$1 ,:at is ! cause ( ! motion ( ! />s8 !y w give = answ] ! a/ronomical =mul :i* express ?is motion1 & w ?9k t !y h expla9$ ! ph5om5a by /at+ 9 :at way !y pres5t !mselves to obs]vation4 ,?is is a curi\s example ( t confusion ( ideas :i* op5s ! door to a!ism4 ,an ,engli% naturali/1 ,mr4 ,d>w91 has %[n t 9 ! successive life ( animal g5]ations1 ! favorable v>iations :i* are produc$ 9 ! organization ( a be+ are transmitt$ to its desc5dants & insure ! p]petuity ( its race1 :ile ! unpropiti\s v>iations disappe> because !y entail ! de/ruction ( ! races 9 :i* !y are produc$4 ,he tells u3 ,?is pres]vation ( favorable v>iations & ! rejection ( injuri\s v>iations1 ,i call ,natural ,selection4#aad ,:at does ! au?or und]/& by law8 ,he answ]s3 ! s]ies ( facts z x is kn[n to u4#aae ,"h we h ! true def9ition ( law3 x is ! simple expression ( ! s]ies ( ! facts2 ! cause rema9s to be s\ght =4 ,i op5 ! book 9 ano!r "p4 ,! au?or is speak+ ( ! eye2 & 8 doctr9e is t ! eye ( ! eagle 0 =m$ by ! sl[ trans=mations ( an extremely simple visual app>atus4 ,!re w h be5 !n1 9 ! developm5t ( animal exi/5ce1 fir/ ( all a rudim5t>y eye1 !n an eye mod]ately well =m$1 & !n ! eye ( ! eagle1 because ! favorable modifications ( ! organ ( sight w h be5 pres]v$ & increas$ 9 ! c\rse ( ages4 ,su* is ! s]ies ( facts1 su* is ! law2 suppose we grant x4 ,:at is ! cause8 ,! optician makes our spectacles2 :o made ! eye ( ! eagle1 by direct+ ! sl[ trans=mations :i* at l5g? produc$ x8 ,let u li/5 to ! au?or3 ,!re exi/s an intellig5t p[]1 & t intellig5t p[] is natural selection1 con/antly on ! wat* = e alt]ation accid5tally produc$ 9 ! transp>5t lay]s1 9 ord] c>efully to *oose su* ( ^? alt]ations z may t5d to produce a m di/9ct image4444 ,natural selection w *oose ) infallible skill ea* new improvem5t effect$4#aaf ,natural selection is a law2 a law is ! s]ies ( facts2 x seems t we mu/ seek = ! p[] :i* directs ?is s]ies ( facts2 b1 lo1 ! s]ies ( facts itself is trans=m$ into a p[]--into an intellig5t p[]--into a p[] :i* *ooses ) infallible skill6 ,! confusion ( ideas is complete4 ,! m9d is on a wrong sc5t2 x concludes t ! law expla9s ev]y?+1 & has itself no ne$ ( explanation4 ,! idea ( ! cause disappe>s1 &1 z ,augu/e ,comte expresses x1 sci5ce conducts ,god ) honor to its fronti]s1 ?ank+ ,him = ,8 provisional s]vices4#aag ,?is is n p]haps ! idea ( ,mr4 ,d>w91 b x is at any rate ! idea ( "s ( 8 disciples1 z we %all see by-&-by4 ,?us ! idea ( ! cause is kept out ( sight4 ,let u n[ see ! fate to :i* are consign$ ^? o!r requirem5ts ( ! reason--! et]nal & ! inf9ite4 ,i take up ,dr4 ,b*n]'s book1 & ,i read3 ,we are incapable ( =m+ an idea1 ev5 approximately1 ( ! et]nal & ! inf9ite1 because our m9d1 %ut up )9 ! limits ( ! s5ses1 9 :at reg>ds space & "t1 is q unable to pass ^! b\nds s z to rise to ! height ( ^! ideas4 ,i foll[ ! text1 & ?irte5 l9es fur!r on1 9 ! same page1 ,i read1 ,!re=e matt] & space mu/ be et]nal4#aah ,obs]ve well ! use :i* ?is writ] makes ( ! great ideas ( ! reason4 ,is x desir$ to employ !m to prove ! exi/5ce ( ,god8 ,he w h no?+ to d ) !m4 ,is ! object 9 "q to d5y ,god's exi/5ce8 ,he makes use ( !m2 & all 9 ! same page4 ,?is is co>se "w1 no d\bt1 & ,dr4 ,b*n] damages 8 cause2 b1 "u =ms1 (t5 m subtle & m intellig5t1 ! same sophism turns up 9 all sy/ems ( mat]ialism4#aai ,x is affirm$ t we h no real idea ( ! inf9ite1 & x is s\ght at ! same "t to beguile ! ne$ :i* reason feels ( ?is idea by apply+ x to matt]4 ,pray d n suppose t ,i am "h attack+ ! natural sci5ces1 9 ! int]e/ ( metaphysics4 ,i am n attack+ b def5d+ !m4 ,i am endeavor+1 z f> z 9 me lies1 to av5ge !m f ! outrages :i* are (f]$ to !m by mat]ialism1 :ile x seeks to cov] ) _! noble mantle its own %ameful nak$ness4 ,naturali/s on ! "o h&1 & !ologians & philosoph]s on ! o!r1 are too (t5 at w>4 ,!y are m51 & z no?+ human is =eign to !m1 !y are n unacqua9t$ ei!r ) pr\d prepossessions1 or ) jeal\s rivalries1 or ) ! mis]able /ruggles ( envy3 ) ^! ?+s ! passions are *>geable4 ,b nev] r5d] ! sci5ces responsible = ! errors ( _! repres5tatives4 ,take away human frailties1 & y %all see h>mony e/abli%$2 ! /udy ( matt] w ?us agree ) ! /udy ( m9d1 & ! idea ( nature ) ! idea ( ,god4 ,y w see all ! sci5ces rise toge!r 9 a maje/ic h>mony4 ,i say rise1 & ,i say x advis$ly2 = ! sci5ces also =m a "p ( t gold5 *a9 :i* %\ld unite ! e>? to heav54 ,! ass]tion t ! sci5ce ( nature leads away f ,god1 expresses no?+ b a prejudice4 ,x is n true 9 fact1 & on pr9ciples ( "r reason x is impossible3 ! demon/ration is complete4 ,a!ism is a philosophy = :i* ! natural sci5ces are 9 no degree responsible4 ,we %all n und]take "h ! g5]al discussion ( ?is philosophy4 ,let u conf9e ourselves to ! exam9ation ( ! pret5ce :i* x puts =w>d to f9d a new support 9 ! results ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury be/[s p>ticul> att5tion ^u hi/ory1 & x is n only to ! annals ( ! human race t x directs its inve/igations4 ,geology & palontology dive into ! b[els ( ! e>? 9 ord] to ask ( ! gr\nd :i* c>ries u te/imony z to :at x c>ri$ ( old4 ,a/ronomy goes yet fur!r4 ,x endeavors to conjecture :at 0 ! condition ( our planet be=e ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ liv+ be+4 ,x rem>ks t ! sun is n fix$ 9 ! heav5s1 & t our e>? does n twice travel ov] ! same l9e 9 its annual revolutions4 ,x appe>s t />s are se5 9 c\rse ( =mation2 x is suspect$ t "s h :olly disappe>$4 ,nature is n fix$1 b is und]go+ modifications--lives1 9 fact4 ,! actual /ate ( ! univ]se is b a mom5t>y phase 9 a developm5t :i* supposes ?\s&s ( ages 9 ! pa/1 & seems to presage ?\s&s m 9 ! future4 ,^! conceptions are ! result ( solid & inconte/able discov]ies4 ,!y h di/urb$ m5's m9ds1 b :at is _! legitimate import8 ,:y1 ,newton's argum5t receives new =ce f !m4 ,f a bl9d metaphysical necessity1 ev]y:]e & always ! same1 said ?is great man1 no v>iation c\ld spr+4 ,! m x is demon/rat$ t ! univ]se is 9 c\rse ( developm5t & modification1 ! m cle>ly comes into view ! necessity ( ! supreme ,p[] :i* is ! cause ( its modifications1 & ( ! ,inf9ite intellig5ce :i* is direct+ !m to _! end4 ,?is appe>s to be solid reason+1 & nev]!less a!ism has endeavor$ to /rike its roots 9 ! gr\nd ( mod]n discov]ies4 ,x does ?is 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,if ! univ]se z x is1 ) ! inf9ite v>iety ( be+s :i* p x & ! m>vell\s relations :i* connect ^! be+s mutually toge!r1 c\ld be %[n to h sprung all at once f no?+1 or to h em]g$ f *aos at a giv5 in/ant1 9 its full h>mony1 ! bolde/ m9d w\ld n v5ture to reg>d ?is miracle ( intellig5ce z ! product ( *ance4 ,b mod]n sci5ce1 x is said1 no long] admits ( ?is simple explanation ( ?+s3 ,god creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,?is phrase is h5ce=w>d admissible only 9 ! cate*ism4 ,we "k t all has be5 produc$ by sl[ degrees1 />t+ f weak & %apeless rudim5ts4 ,?is gr& m>vel ( ! univ]se 0 n made all ( "o piece4 ,man is ( rec5t date2 quadrup$s at a c]ta9 epo* did n exi/2 animals _h a beg9n+1 & plants also4 ,! e>? 0 once b>e4 ,=m]ly1 x 0 p]haps only a gase\s mass revolv+ 9 space4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 matt] 0 cond5s$2 9 "t x 0 organiz$ 9 liv+ cellules2 9 "t ^! cellules became %apeless animals2 9 "t ^! animals 7 p]fect$4 ,"t appe>s !re=e to be ! univ]sal factor2 & = ! anci5t =mula1 ! univ]se is ! creation ( ,god1 we are able to sub/itute ?is o!r =mula1 ! result1 mo/ assur$ly1 ( mod]n sci5ce1 ! univ]se is ! "w ( "t4 ,9 all ?is1 ,g5tlem51 ,i h inv5t$ no?+4 ,all ,i h done has be5 to put into =m ! !ory1 ! elem5ts ( :i* ,i h met ) 9 v>i\s contempor>y productions4#abj ,!y bewild] u by heap+ ages ^u ages1 & 9 ord] to expla9 nature !y sub/itute ! idea ( "t = ! ideas ( p[] & intellig5ce4 ,!y seem to suppose t :at is produc$ little by little is suffici5tly expla9$ by ! sl[ness ( its =mation4 ,^! ab]rations ( ?\ght h rec5tly be5 manife/$ 9 a /rik+ mann] on ! occasion ( ! publication ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's book4 ,?is naturali/ has giv5 8 att5tion to ! trans=mation ( organiz$ types4 ,he has discov]$ t types v>y m ?an is g5]ally suppos$2 & t we probably take simple v>ieties = di/9ct species4 ,8 discov]ies w1 ,i suppose1 leave traces /rongly m>k$ en\gh 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce4 ,b ,mr4 ,d>w9 is n m]ely an obs]v]2 he is a !ori/1 dom9at$ evid5tly by a disposition to sy/ematize4 ,n[ m9ds ( ?is "*1 :i* r5d]1 no d\bt1 signal s]vices to ! sci5ces ( obs]vation1 are all l ,pyrrhus1 :o1 gaz+ on ,&roma*e z he walk$ by h] side1 ,/ill quaff$ bewild]+ pleasure f ! view4#aba ,_! !ory is _! lady-love2 !y love x passionately1 & passionate love always /rongly excites ! imag9ation4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 !n has put =? ! hypo!sis1 t n only all animals1 b all vegetables too1 might h come f "o & ! same primitive type1 f "o & ! same liv+ cellule4 ,?is supposes t !re 0 at ! beg9n+ b "o s+le species1 an elem5t>y & v slightly def9$ organization1 f :i* all t lives desc5d$ 9 ! way ( regul> g5]ation4 ,! oak & ! wild bo> :i* eats its acorn1 ! cat & ! flea :i* lodges 9 its fur1 h common ance/ors4 ,! family1 orig9ally "o1 has be5 divid$ "u ! influ5ce ( soil1 climate1 food1 moi/ure1 mode ( life1 & by virtue ( ! natural selection :i* has pres]v$ & accumulat$ ! favorable modifications :i* h occurr$ 9 ! organism4 ,mr4 ,d>w91 ,i repeat1 appe>s to me a man /rongly dispos$ to sy/ematize1 b ,i d n on ?is acc\nt conclude t he is mi/ak54 ,! "q is1 :at op9ion we mu/ =m ( 8 doctr9e on pr9ciples ( exp]im5tal sci5ce8 ,pr(essor ,ow5#abb does n appe> to all[ x any value2 ,m4 ,agassiz does n admit x at all2#abc &1 )\t cross+ ! ocean1 we might consult ,m4 ,pictet1#abd :o w\ld reply1 t judg+ by ! exp]im5tal data :i* we h at pres5t1 ?is doctr9e is an hypo!sis n confirm$ by ! obs]vation ( facts4 ,we w leave ?is controv]sy to naturali/s4 ,:at w rema9 ev5tually 9 _! sci5ce ( ! sy/em "u discussion8 ,! answ] belongs to ! future enlight5$ by exp]i5ce & by ! employm5t ( a sage induction4 ,:at is ! relation exi/+ betwe5 ^! sy/ematic views & ! "q ( ! ,creator8 ,?is is ! sole object ( our /udy4 ,! op9ions ( ! ,engli% naturali/ are v dubi\s z to ! vital que/ions ( religi\s philosophy4 ,i h po9t$ out to y ! confusion ( 8 ideas 9 ! use :i* he makes ( natural selection4 ,9 ! text ( 8 book1 he admits1 9 ! special case ( life1 ! int]v5tion ( ! ,creator = ! production ( ! fir/ liv+ be+1 & he does n speak ( man1 except 9 an incid5tal s5t5ce1 :i* only att5tive read]s w take any notice (4 ,if we d n take ! lib]ty to look a little bel[ ! surface1 we mu/ say t ,mr4 ,d>w9 rema9s on ! gr\nd ( natural hi/ory4 ,!re=e ,i spoke to y ( ! ab]rations ( philosophic ?\ght :i* h be5 produc$ on ! occasion ( 8 book4 ,^! ab]rations are ! foll[+3 ,fir/ ( all1 natural selection has be5 tak5 = a cause1 or r z disp5s+ ) ! necessity = a cause1 by means ( a confusion ( ideas = :i* ! au?or is responsible4 ,! sy/em has !re=e be5 und]/ood z imply+1 t organiz$ be+s 7 =m$ )\t plan1 )\t design1 by ! m]e action ( mat]ial causes1 & z ! result ( modifications casual at fir/1 & sl[ly accumulat$4 ,div9e intellig5ce & creative p[] ?us seem$ to be disappe>+ f ! organization ( ! univ]se1 & to disappe> especially be=e ! lapse ( "t & ! inf9itely sl[ action ( physical causes4 ,b :ile ! sy/em 0 tak+ w+1 & so>+ al(t1 lo6 ! ,creator at ! comm5cem5t ( ?+s1 & man conceiv$ z a di/9ct be+ at ! highe/ po9t ( nature1 h ris5 up z two idols & p>alyz$ its flight4 ,to ,mr4 ,d>w91 h[ev]1 h spe$ily succe$$ disciples compromis+ _! ma/]'s au?ority1 & address+ him 9 "s su* language z ?is3 ,y1 our ma/]1 d n fully foll[ out y\r own op9ions2 y /ra9 (f gnats1#abe & swall[ camels4 ,x is n m difficult to see 9 ! liv+ cellule a trans=mation ( matt]1 & 9 man a trans=mation ( ! monkey1 ?an to po9t out 9 a sponge ! ance/or ( ! horse4 ,ca/ d[n y\r idols1 & confess t matt] develop$ 9 c\rse ( "t1 "u favorable circum/ances1 is ! orig9 ( all t is4 ,matt]1 "t1 circum/ances--^! ?+s h tak5 ! place ( ,god4 ,?is1 ,g5tlem51 is a philosophy1 prop]ly s call$1 :i* va9ly pret5ds to f9d a support 9 ! obs]vation ( facts4 ,ge(froy ,sa9t-,hilaire1 ! rival ( ,cuvi]1 set =? views analog\s to ^? :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 has lately reproduc$4 ,b 9 8 replies to ! attacks :i* 7 made ^u 8 sy/em1 he affirm$ t 8 !ory (f]$ "o ( ! mo/ glori\s manife/ations ( creative p[]1 & an additional motive = admiration1 gratitude1 & love4#abf ,two diff]5t int]pretations may !re=e be giv5 to ! sy/em4 ,i wi% to %[ y t ^! int]pretations proce$ 9 all cases f consid]ations ext]nal to ! sy/em4 ,! sy/em 9 itself1 z a !ory ( natural hi/ory1 c\ld n 9 any way affect injuri\sly ! great int]e/s ( spiritual tru?4 ,9 ord] solidly to e/abli% ?is ass]tion1 ,i w suppose ! hypo!ses ( ! mo/ advanc$ disciples ( ,mr4 ,d>w9 to h be5 v]ifi$ by exp]im5tal sci5ce4 ,i take = grant$ t x has be5 prov$ t all plants & all animals h desc5d$1 by way ( regul> g5]ation1 f liv+ cellules orig9ally simil>2 & t ! mat]ial p>ticles ( ! globe1 at a giv5 mom5t1 drew toge!r to =m ^! cellules4 ,& n[ :]e d we /&8 ,w ,god h5ce=w>d be a sup]flu\s hypo!sis8 ,d ! a!i/ical consequ5ces :i* x is desir$ to draw f ?is doctr9e proce$ logically f x8 ,mo/ c]ta9ly n6 ,i obs]ve fir/ ( all t !re exi/s a great "q relative to ! beg9n+ ( ?+s4 ,matt] is p]fect$ & organiz$ 9 process ( "t--b :5ce comes matt] itself8 ,is x also =m$ little by little 9 process ( "t8 ,does non-exi/5ce become exi/5ce little by little8 ,s x is said 9 ! preface to ! ,fr5* translation ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's book4 ,b ?is app]ta9s to high metaphysics2 & ,i pass on4 ,if "t is ! factor ( all progress by a necess>y law1 ?is necessity mu/ be ev]y:]e ! same4 ,h ! elem5ts ( matt] all ! same age8 ,if s1 :y h "s foll[$ ! law ( progress1 & o!rs n8 ,:y has ?is mud & ?is coal rema9$ mud & coal1 age aft] age1 :ile ^! o!r molecules h ris51 9 ! hi]>*y ( ! univ]se1 to ! dignity ( life8 ,:y h ^! mollusks rema9$ mollusks ?r\gh\t ! succession ( _! g5]ations1 :ile o!rs1 happily trans=m$1 h gradually m\nt$ ! /eps ( ! ladd] up to man8 ,:5ce comes ?is ari/ocracy ( nature8 ,are ! be+s :i* we call inf]ior only ! cadets ( ! univ]se1 & are !y too 9 _! turn to m\nt all ! /eps ( ! ladd]8 ,mu/ we admit t !re is go+ on ! cont9ual production1 n only ( liv+ cellules :i* are beg9n+ new s]ies ( g5]ations1 b also ( new matt]1 :i*1 sett+ out f ! mo/ rudim5t>y condition1 is beg9n+ ! evolution :i* is to raise x into life8 ,!y d n v5ture to put =? !ses ( ?is nature1 &1 9 ord] to acc\nt = ! div]sity ( ?+s1 rec\rse is _h to circum/ances4 ,! div]sity ( circum/ances expla9s ! div]sity ( developm5ts4 ,b :5ce c come ! v>iety ( circum/ances 9 a _w :]e all is produc$ 9 ! way ( fatal necessity1 & )\t ! int]v5tion ( a w & an intellig5ce8 ,?is is ! rem>k ( ,newton4 ,/udy c>efully ! sy/ems ( mat]ialism3 _! au?ors decl>e t to h rec\rse to ,god 9 ord] to acc\nt = ! univ]se is a pu]ile conception unwor?y ( sci5ce1 because all explanation mu/ be ref]r$ to fix$ & immutable laws2 & !n y w be = ev] surpris+ !m 9 ! v act ( ! adoration ( circum/ances4 ,conv5i5t deities ^!1 :i* !y summon to _! aid 9 cases :i* !y f9d emb>rass+4 ,b we w n insi/ on ^! prelim9>y consid]ations4 ,we h all[$1 = argum5t's sake1 t all organiz$ be+s h proce$$ by means ( g5]ation f cellules pres5t+ to s5sible obs]vation simil> appe>ances4 ,natural hi/ory _c prove1 nor ev5 attempt to prove1 m4 ,let u transport ourselves1 9 ?\ght1 to ! mom5t at :i* ! highe/ po9ts ( ! cont95ts 7 = ! fir/ "t em]g+ f ! primitive ocean4 ,we see1 on ! p>ts ( ! soil :i* are half-dri$1 & 9 c]ta9 conditions ( heat & electricity1 p>ticles ( matt] draw toge!r & =m ^? rudim5ts ( organism :i* are call$ liv+ cellules4 ,^! cellules h ! m>vell\s faculty ( self-propagation1 & ! faculty1 n less m>vell\s1 ( transmitt+ to _! po/]ity ! favorable modifications :i* !y h und]gone4 ,g5]ations succe$ "o ano!r2 gradually !y =m sep>ate bran*es4 ,new *>act]i/ics %[ !mselves2 ! organisms become complicat$1 & becom+ complicat$ !y sep>ate4 ,! vegetable is di/+ui%$ f ! animal2 ! plant :i* w become ! palm-tree is di/+ui%$ f ! oak :i* is 9 c\rse ( =mation1 & ! ance/or ( ! future bird is already diff]5t f t ( ! fi%4 ,we foll[ up ?is great spectacle4 ,! ages pass1 !y pass by ?\s&s & by millions1 !y pass by t5s ( millions4 ,we ne$ n be /9t+ 9 our all[ance ( "t2 our imag9ation w be tir$ ( conceiv+ ( x soon] ?an ?\ght ( supply+ x4 ,& at :at %all we h arriv$ at la/8 ,at ! univ]se z x has be5 = "s few ?\s&s ( ye>s pa/2 at ! _w ) its vegetables ( a ?\s& =ms1 gr\p$ by classes & s]ies1 ) ! families ( animals1 ) ! relations ( animals to plants1 ) ! unnumb]$ h>monies ( nature4 ,let u *oose out "o p>ticul>1 on :i* to fix our att5tion4 ,%all x be a %e-goat-- ,up/ret*$ on fragrant cytisus to br[se8 ,?is w suit our purpose1 al?\gh ! cytisus1 unless ,i am mi/ak51 has no p]fume except 9 ,m4 de ,lam>t9e's v]ses4 ,let u fix our att5tion on a cytisus ) its yell[ clu/]s hang+ d[n1 & ! goat b5d+ its pliant bran*es z x br[ses on ! foliage4 ,"h is a v small detail 9 ! ample lap ( nature4 ,let u come clos]1 & to help our ignorance1 let u provide ourselves ) a naturali/ :o w answ] = u ! que/ions sugge/$ by ?is simple spectacle4 ,& :at h we n[ be=e u8 ,! v>i\s relations ( ! animal's organization to ! vegetables on :i* x fe$s4 ,9 ! organization & functions ( ^! two liv+ be+s1 9 ! equilibrium & movem5ts ( _! frames1 9 ! circulation ( sap & ( blood1 we h ! application ( ! mo/ secret laws ( me*anism1 ( physics1 & ( *emi/ry4 ,!n aga91 9 ! relations :i* ! animal & ! plant su/a9 ) ! gr\nd :i* be>s !m1 ) ! air !y brea!1 ) ! sun :i* enlight5s !m1 ) heat & light1 ) ! moi/ure ( ! air & its electricity--9 all ?is we see ! univ]sal relations :i* connect all ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! wide univ]se ) ea* "o ( its m9ute/ details4 ,9 ?is simple spectacle we h1 9 fact1 reciprocal relations1 ! balance ( ?+s1 ! h>mony :i* ma9ta9s ! univ]sal life--intellig5ce1 9 %ort1 9 ! organization ( be+s1 9 ! *>act]i/ics :i* divide !m1 9 ! classes :i* unite !m1 9 ! relations ( ^! classes among/ !mselves2--wond]s ( intellig5t design1 ( :i* ! sci5ces we are s pr\d ( are spell+ out1 lett] by lett]1 l9e aft] l9e1 ! inexhau/ible abysses3 ?is is :at we f9d ev]y:]e4 ,let u n[ come back to our primitive cellules4 ,all ! liv+ be+s :i* p ! surface ( ! globe are compos$ mat]ially ( "s ( ! elem5ts ( ! e>?'s sub/ance4 ,! bir? !re=e ( ! fir/ liv+ be+s c\ld only (f] to ! view ! br++ toge!r ( "s ( ! elem5ts ( ! soil2 ?is is n ! matt] 9 "q4 ,! primitive cellules 7 to all appe>ance alike4 ,weigh$ 9 scales1 op5$ by ! scalpel1 plac$ b5ea? ! microscope1 !y w\ld h (f]$ no appreciable diff]5ce2 ,i grant x3 x is ! supposition we h agre$ to make4 ,!re=e !y 7 id5tical1 say y4 ,i d5y x1 & "h is my pro(3 ,if ! cellules _h be5 id5tical1 !y w\ld n h giv51 9 ! successive developm5t ( _! g5]ations1 ! div]se be+s :i* p ! _w1 & ! relations :i* unite !m4 ,alike to y\r eyes1 ! cellules diff]$ !re=e by a conceal$ prop]ty :i* _! developm5t br\ght to light4 ,y h told me z a matt] ( hi/ory h[ ! organization ( ! _w 0 manife/$ by sl[ degrees2 y h giv5 me no acc\nt ( ! cause ( t organization4 ,x is said 9 reply3 ,we d "k ! orig9 ( ^? developm5ts :i* y ref] to a suppos$ intellig5ce4 ,! liv+ be+s are trans=m$ by ! action ( food1 climate1 soil1 mode ( life4 ,!y exp]i5ce slight v>iations 9 ! fir/ in/ance2 b ^! v>iations are e/abli%$1 & increase2 & :]e y see a plan1 types1 & species1 !re is really only ! result ( modifications sl[ly accumulat$4 ,nature disposes ( p]iods :i* h no limit1 & ev]y?+ has come at its prop] "t1 9 ! c\rse ( ages4 ,!y are always propos+ to u to accept ( "t z ! sub/itute = intellig5ce4 ,i am tempt$ to say ) ,alce/is3 ,"t 9 ?is matt]1 ,sirs1 has n\ght to d4#abg ,y "k :at intellig5ce is2 y "k x by kn[+ y\rself4 ,is !re1 or is !re n1 intellig5ce 9 ! univ]se8 ,all[ me to reproduce "s old que/ions3 ,if a ma*9e implies intellig5ce1 does ! univ]se imply none8 ,if a telescope implies intellig5ce 9 ! optician1 does ! eye imply none 9 its au?or8 ,! production ( a v>iety ( ! camelia1 or ( a new bre$ ( sw9e1 dem&s ( ! g>d5] & ! bre$] ! pati5t & prolong$ employm5t ( ! und]/&+2 & are our entire flora & fauna to be expla9$ )\t any int]v5tion ( m9d8 ,& if !re is intellig5ce 9 ! univ]se1 is ?is intellig5ce a *emical result ( ! comb9ation ( molecules8 is x a physical result ( caloric or ( electricity8 ,x is 9 va9 t y give to mat]ial ag5ts an unlimit$ "t2 :at has "t to d "h8 ,:e!r ! _w z x n[ exi/s arose out ( no?+1 or :e!r x 0 sl[ly =m$ dur+ ?\s&s ( ages1 ! "q rema9s ! same4 ,) matt] & "t1 y w n succe$ 9 creat+ intellig5ce2 ?is 7 an op]ation ( transc5d5t al*emy utt]ly beyond our p[]4 ,9 ! !ory ( sl[ causes1 ! adjective ends by dev\r+ ! sub/antive2 x seems t by d9t ( becom+ sl[ ! causes become sup]flu\s4 ,a brea? ( reason upsets1 l a h\se ( c>ds1 ! /ructures ( ?is err+ & misnam$ sci5ce4 ,"t has a relative mean+ & value4 ,we reckon duration z long or %ort1 by tak+ human life z our measure4 ,b !y tell ( insects :i* are born 9 ! morn+1 arrive at mature age at mid-day1 & only rea* ! ev5+ if !y are patri>*s ( _! race4 ,is x n easy to conceive ( be+s organiz$ = an exi/5ce su* t our c5turies w\ld be mom5ts ) !m1 & c5turies heap$ toge!r "o ( our h\rs8 ,suppose "o ( ^! be+s to be contemplat+ our geological p]iods1 & sl[ causes w to him appe> rapid causes1 & ! "q ( intellig5ce w be ! same = him z = u4 ,x is manife/ t ! attempt is be+ made to re/ore ! wor%ip ( ! old ,*ronos1 to :om ! anci5ts _h erect$ temples4 ,let u look ! idol 9 ! face4 ,"t appe>s at fir/ to our imag9ation z ! great de/roy]4 ,he is arm$ ) a scy!1 & passes gaunt & bald ov] ! ru9s ( all t has liv$4 ,:5 he lifts up 8 great voice & cries-- ,mighty nations fam$ 9 /ory ,into d>kness ,i h hurl$1-- ,gone _! myriads & _! glory 7,lo6 ye foll[7 f ! _w3 ,my d>k %ade = ev] cov]s ,/>s ,i qu5*$ z on !y roll$3-- ! beautiful1 & fright5$ girl 9 ! song is n s+ul> z %e exclaims 9 h] t]ror3 ,ah6 we're "y1 & we are lov]s1 ,sp>e u1 ,reap] gaunt & old6#abh ,su* is ! fir/ impression :i* "t makes ^u u4 ,b bir? succe$s to dea?4 ,f an inexhau/ible spr+1 nature s5ds gu%+ =? new products & new developm5ts4 ,y\? full ( hope trips lightly ov] ! gr\nd1 )\t a ?\ght t ! gr\nd x treads on is ! va/ cemet]y ( all pa/ g5]ations4 ,if we fix our ?\ghts on ! p]man5ce ( life & ! manife/ations ( progress1 "t appe>s to u z ! great produc]4 ,de/roy] ( all t is1 produc] ( all t is to be1 "t has ?us a d\ble =m4 ,x is a my/]i\s tide1 ev] ris+ & ev] rec$+2 x is ! p[] ( dea?1 & x is ! p[] ( life4 ,all ?is1 ,g5tlem51 is = ! imag9ation4 ,9 ! view ( a calm reason1 "t is ! simply negative condition ( all developm5t1 z space is ! negative condition ( all motion4 ,j z )\t bodies & =ces inf9ite space c\ld n produce any motion2 s1 )\t ! action ( causes1 ages heap$ on ages c\ld nei!r produce nor de/roy a s+le atom ( matt]1 or a s+le elem5t ( intellig5ce4 ,"t is ! sc5e ( life & ( dea?2 x nei!r causes to be born1 nor to die4 ,! /ruggle :i* we are n[ ma9ta9+ aga9/ ! philosoph]s ( matt] is z anci5t z sci5ce1 & 0 go+ on1 ne>ly 9 ! same t]ms1 m ?an two ?\s& ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,ab\t five hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era 0 born at ,clazom51 a city ( ,ionia1 ! son ( ,eubulus1 :o 0 to become fam\s by ! "n ( ,anaxagoras4 ,he fix$ 8 abode at ,a!ns1 & ! ,a!nian p gave him a glori\s surname1--!y call$ him ,intellig5ce4 ,on :at acc\nt8 ,!re 7 taught at t "t doctr9es :i* expla9$ ! _w by ! trans=mations ( matt] ris+ progressively to life & ?\ght1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( a m9d4 ,! philosoph] ,anaxim&] gave out t ! fir/ animals _h _! orig9 9 ! wat]y elem5t1 & became modifi$ by liv+ 9 dri] regions1 s t man 0 only a fi% sl[ly trans=m$4 ,i am q will+ to grant x1 repli$ ,anaxagoras2 b = y\r trans=mations !re mu/ be a trans=m+ pr9ciple4 ,matt] is ! mat]ial ( ! _w1 no d\bt2 b x c\ld n produce univ]sal ord] except z rul$ by intellig5ce4 ,! ,a!nians admir$ ?is discov]y4 ,= u1 ,g5tlem51 ! discov]y has be5 made a long :ile4 ,let u n !n be talk+ 9 ?is discussion ab\t mod]n sci5ce & ! lights ( ! age4 ,our natural hi/ory is mu* advanc$ z comp>$ ) t ( ! ,greeks2 b ! vital "q has n v>i$4 ,does nature manife/ ! int]v5tion ( a direct+ m9d1 or d we see 9 x only a =tuit\s aggregation ( atoms8 ,intellig5ce radiates f ! face ( nature1 & x is 9 va9 t m5 endeavor to veil its spl5dor4 ,nev]!less ,i cons5t to =get all t has j be5 said1 9 ord] to intr5* myself 9 an argum5t1 :i* ( itself is suffici5t = ! object we h 9 view to-day4 ,our object is to prove t mat]ial sci5ce does n conta9 ! explanation ( all ! realities ( ! univ]se4 ,ev5 ?\gh !y _h succe$$ 9 p]suad+ u t !re is no intellig5ce 9 nature1 x w\ld /ill be necess>y to expla9 ! orig9 ( t intellig5ce :i* is 9 u1 & ! exi/5ce ( :i* _c be disput$4 ,:5ce proce$s ! m9d :i* is 9 ourselves8 ,let u fir/ ( all give our att5tion to a /range contradiction4 ,^? savants :o make ( ! human s\l a simple manife/ation ( matt]1 are ! same :o wi% to expla9 nature )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! ,div9e intellig5ce4 ,9 ord] to keep out ( view ! design :i* is display$ 9 ! organization ( ! _w1 !y take a pleasure 9 f9d+ nature at fault1 & 9 po9t+ out its imp]fections4 ,/ill1 !y d n pret5d to be able to d bett] ?an nature2 !y w\ld n und]take ! responsibility ( correct+ ! laws ( life1 & regulat+ ! c\rse ( ! seasons4 ,!y d n say1 ,we c\ld make a bett] _w1 b ,we c imag9e a _w m p]fect ?an our own4 ,n[ :at is our answ]8 ,simply ?is3 ,y are "r4 ,nature is n ! supreme p]fection1 & !re=e we w n wor%ip x4 ,h[ admirable soev] be ! visible univ]se1 we h ! faculty ( conceiv+ m & bett]4 ,we und]/& t ! atmosph]e might be purifi$1 s t ! tempe/ %\ld n engulf ! %ips1 nor ! ?und]bolt produce ! conflagration4 ,we dream ( m\nta9-heights m maje/ic ?an ! l(tie/ summits ( our ,alps1 ( wat]s m transp>5t ?an ! pure cry/al ( our lakes1 ( valleys fre%] & m peaceful ?an ! lovelie/ :i* hide among our hills4 ,! spectacle ( nature awak5s 9 u ! p[]s ( ?\ght1 & ! s5tim5t ( beauty draws u on to ! pursuit ( an ideal :i* surpasses all realities4 ,nature is n p]fect3 let u be =w>d to ackn[l$ge x1 & let u draw f ! fact its legitimate consequ5ce4 ,! /ream _c rise high] ?an its s\rce4 ,if man conceives an ideal sup]ior to nature1 he is n himself ! m]e product ( nature4 ,by :at /range contradiction is x affirm$ at once t our _s ov]passes ! b\nds ( all ! realities :i* encompass x1 & t x has n a s\rce m elevat$ ?an ^? realities8 ,li/5 to a ?\ght ( t weighty writ] ,montesquieu3#abi ,^? :o h said t a bl9d fatality has produc$ all ! effects :i* we see 9 ! _w1 h said a great absurdity2 = :at great] absurdity ?an a bl9d fatality :i* %\ld h produc$ intellig5t be+s8 ,)\t re/rict+ ourselves to ?is simple & solid argum5t1 let u see h[ !y w expla9 man by nature4 ,= ?is end1 we mu/ exam9e ! !ory ( ! p]fect$ monkey1 :i*1 introduc$ to u by ! lectures ( ,pr(essor ,vogt & ! spirit$ rejo9d]s ( ,m4 de ,r\gemont1 made a great noise z x desc5d$ a %ort "t ago f ! m\nta9s ( ,neu*tel4#acj ,a celebrat$ orator said "o day to an assembly ( ,fr5*m53 ,i am long1 ,g5tlem52 b x is y\r own fault3 x is y\r glory t ,i am rec\nt+4 ,h n ,i ! "r to say to y3 ,i am long1 ,g5tlem51 b x is wor? :ile to be s2 x is our own dignity :i* is 9 "q4 ,man is a p]fect$ monkey6 ,i h ?ree prelim9>y obs]vations to make be=e ,i proce$ to ! direct exam9ation ( ?is !ory4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ?is def9ition transgresses ! fir/ & mo/ ess5tial rules ( logic4 ,we mu/ always def9e :at is unkn[n by :at is kn[n4 ,?is is an elem5t>y pr9ciple4 ,:at a man is1 ,i "k4 ,to ?9k1 to w1 to enjoy1 to hope1 to fe>1 are functions ( ! m5tal life4 ,^! words answ] to cle> ideas1 because ^? ideas result directly f our p]sonal consci\sness4 ,b :at is ! s\l ( a monkey8 ,! nature ( animals is a my/]y1 "o :i* is p]haps incapable ( solution1 & :i*1 9 all cases is wrapp$ 9 pr(\nd d>kness1 because ! animal appe>s to u an int]m$iate l9k betwe5 ! me*anism ( nature & ! functions ( ! spiritual life1 :i* are ! only two conceptions we h t are really cle> & di/9ct4 ,9 tak+ ! monkey !re=e z our po9t ( dep>ture = ! def9ition ( man1 we are def9+ :at is cle> by :at is obscure4 ,my second rem>k is ?is3 ,if x is affirm$ t !re is b "o species1 includ+ all ! animals & man1 s t man is only a monkey modifi$1 & ! monkey1 9 its turn1 an inf]ior animal modifi$2 :5 once we h e/abli%$ ! reality ( man we arrive at ?is result3 all animals :atsoev] are only inf]ior developm5ts ( humanity1 liv+ foetuses :i*1 )\t hav+ come to _! full t]m1 h nev]!less ! faculty ( liv+ & reproduc+ !mselves4 ,! animal !n is an incomplete man2 a !ory :i* raises great difficulties1 b :i* is m s]i\s & m easy to und]/& ?an ! doctr9e :i* w\ld h man to be a consummation ( ! monkey4 ,9 fact1--& ?is is my ?ird obs]vation1--:5 ! !ory :i* ,i am exam9+ is adopt$1 x mu/ be c>ri$ out to its consequ5ces1 & ! be>+ ( x cle>ly se54 ,man1 x is said1 is ! consummation ( ! monkey4 ,! monkey is an improvem5t ^u "s quadrup$ or o!r1 & ?is quadrup$ is an improvem5t ^u ano!r1 & s on4 ,we mu/ desc5d1 9 an inevitable logical s]ies1 to ! mo/ elem5t>y manife/ations ( life1 & !nce1 f9ally1 to matt]4 ,if x is n admitt$ t pure matt] is a man 9 a /ate ( torpor1 x mu/ be admitt$ t man is a mlange ( c>bon1 oxyg51 hydrog51 azote1 phosphorus--a mlange :i* has be5 br\ght little by little to p]fection4 ,su* is ! f9al inf]5ce f ! doctr9e :i* we are exam9+2 & !re are !ori/s :o d$uce x cle>ly4 ,n[ :at is x t goes on 9 ! m9ds ( ^! savants8 ,:5 ! object is to bani% ,god f nature1 ! creative ,intellig5ce is resolv$ into ?\s&s ( ages4 ,:5 x is desir$ to get rid 9 man ( ! reality ( m9d1 !y seek to resolve ! human intellig5ce into a long s]ies ( modifications :i* h caus$ life to spr+ f matt]1 sup]ior animals f simpl] organisms1 & man f ! animal4 ,d n all[ y\rselves to be caught 9 ?is trap4 ,ma9ta9 firmly1 t1 :atev] ! degree ( intellig5ce1 ( w1 ( spiritual ess5ce1 :i* may exi/ 9 animals1 if t elem5t is really f\nd 9 !m1 x dem&s a cause1 & _c1 )\t an enorm\s confusion ( ideas1 be reg>d$ z a m]e p]fect+ ( matt]4 ,9 fact1 a ?+ 9 p]fect+ itself1 realizes cont9ually m fully its own prop] idea1 & does n become ano!r ?+4 ,a p]fect monkey w\ld be ( all monkeys ! "o :i* is mo/ a monkey1 & w\ld n be a man4 ,b let u leave ! animals 9 ! d>kness 9 :i* !y abide = our m9ds1 & let u speak ( :at = u is less obscure4 ,our spiritual exi/5ce is a fact2 x is ( all facts ! "o :i* is be/ kn[n to u2 x is ! fact )\t :i* no o!r fact w\ld exi/ = u4 ,& :5ce proce$s our _s8 ,to ?is "q1 natural hi/ory has no answ]4 ,x is easy to see ?is1 ?\gh we grant once aga9 to natural hi/ory1 :5 made ! mo/ ( by our adv]s>ies1 all t x c pret5d to claim4 ,suppose x prov$1 t 9 ! hi/orical developm5t ( nature1 man has a monkey = 8 "m4 ,i w grant x1 & grant x q s]i\sly 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :at w be ! influ5ce ( ?is hypo!sis ^u ! problem on :i* we are engag$4 ,if all monkeys 7 fossils1 & if we _h a natural hi/ory1 also fossil1 sett+ =? to u ! cu/oms & habits ( ^! animals2 if ! savages t are said to be ! ne>e/ neighbors to monkeys 7 all fossils2 we %\ld f9d ourselves 9 pres5ce ( a progressive & cont9u$ developm5t ( be+s1 &1 = an inatt5tive m9d1 all w\ld be easily expla9$ by ! sl[ & cont9u$ action ( "t4 ,b ?is is n ! case4 ,all ! elem5ts ( nature are be=e our eyes1 f inorganic matt] up to man4 ,we d n see t "t suffices = savages to become civiliz$1 & /ill less = monkeys to become m54 ,i 01 9 ! spr+ ( ?is ye>1 9 ! ,j>d9 des plantes at ,p>is1 mus+ on ! "q :i* we are discuss+1 & ,i took a good look at ! monkeys4 ,come n[1 ,i said to myself1 can/ ?\ recognize !m z ?9e ance/ors8 ,! "q 0 badly put4 ,! monkeys are n our ance/ors1 inasmu* z !y are liv+ at ! same "t ) u2 !y c only be our c\s9s1 & x w\ld seem t !y are ! elde/ bran*1 z !y h be/ pres]v$ ! primitive type4 ,b let u speak m s]i\sly4 ,! races ( monkeys h liv$ z long or long] ?an we3 x is nei!r "t nor climate :i* has made m5 ( !m4 ,recollect1 ,i pray y1 t ! words '"t' & 'progress' expla9 no?+4 ,!re mu/ h occurr$ favorable circum/ances to trans=m ! e>?'s sub/ance into liv+ cellules1 & ! liv+ cellules into plants cle>ly m>k$1 & into animals prop]ly s call$2 & 9 ! same way !re mu/ h be5 a propiti\s circum/ance to trans=m ! monkey into man4 ,i ?9k s1 9 fact2 & ?is propiti\s circum/ance well des]ves to be /udi$ ) att5tion4 ,man pres5ts *>act]i/ics :i* di/+ui% him pr(\ndly f ! animal races3 no "o disputes x4 ,he possesses spee*2 he is capable ( religion2 he exhibits ! v>i$ ph5om5a ( civilization1 :ile ! animals succe$ "o ano!r g5]ations aft] g5]ations 9 ! unrecord$ obscurity ( a life = ev] ! same4 ,suppose we admit t human ph5om5a pres5t$ !mselves at fir/ 9 a v elem5t>y =m2 9 rudim5ts ( language & rudim5ts ( religion1--al?\gh ! hi/orical sci5ces d n q give ?is result3--/ill suppose ! case t at a giv5 mom5t a bran* ( ! monkey species pres5t$ ! g]m1 z little develop$ z y please1 b real1 ( new ph5om5a4 ,"o v>iety ( ! monkey species has be5 end[$ ) spee*1 has become religi\s1 capable ( civilization1 & ! o!r v>ieties ( ! species h n (f]$ ! same *>act]i/ics1 al?\gh !y h _h ! same numb] ( ages 9 :i* to develop !mselves4 ,obs]ve well n[ my process ( reason+4 ,rem>k att5tively :e!r ,i oppose !ories to facts1 :e!r ,i sub/itute oratorical declamations = argum5ts4 ,i grant ! hypo!ses be/ calculat$1 z commonly ?\ght1 to contradict my !ses4 ,i assume t natural hi/ory demon/rates by solid pro(s t ! fir/ man 0 c>ri$ 9 ! bosom ( a monkey2 & ,i ask3 ,:at is ! circum/ance :i* set ap>t 9 ! animal species a bran* :i* pres5t$ new ph5om5a8 ,:at is ! cause8 ,t monkey-au?or ( our race :i* "o day began to speak 9 ! mid/ ( 8 bro!r-monkeys1 among/ :om !nce=w>d he _h no fell[2 t monkey1 t /ood erect 9 ! s5se ( 8 dignity2 t1 look+ up to heav51 said1 ,my ,god6 & t1 retir+ into himself1 said3 ,i6--t monkey :i*1 :ile ! female monkeys cont9u$ to give bir? to _! "y1 _h sons by ! p>tn] ( 8 life & press$ !m to 8 he>t2 t monkey--:at %all we say ( x8 ,:at climate1 :at soil1 :at regim51 :at food1 :at heat1 :at moi/ure1 :at dr\ght1 :at light1 :at comb9ation ( phosphorus1 :at dis5gagem5t ( electricity1 sep>at$ f ! animal races1 n only man1 b human society8 humanity ) its combats1 its falls1 its ris+s aga91 its sorr[s & its joys1 its te>s & its smiles2 humanity ) its arts1 its sci5ces1 its religion1 its hi/ory 9 %ort1 its hi/ory & its hopes ( immortality8 ,t monkey1 :at %all we say ( x8 ,d y n see t ! brea? ( ! ,_s pass$ ov] x1 & t ,god said unto x3 ,behold1 ?\ art made 9 m9e image3 rememb] n[ ?y ,fa!r :o is 9 heav58 ,d y n see t ?\gh we grant ev]y?+ to ! extreme pret5sions ( naturali/s1 ! "q comes up aga9 :ole & entire8 ,:5 by d9t ( confusions & sophisms su* !ori/s imag9e t !y h ext+ui%$ ! intellig5ce :i* radiates f nature1 t intellig5ce aga9 confronts !m 9 man1 & !re1 z 9 an impregnable =tress1 sets all attacks at defiance4 ,m>k !n :]e lies ! real problem4 ,:e!r ! et]nal ,god =m$ ! body ( ! fir/ man directly f ! du/ ( ! e>?2 or :e!r1 9 ! sl[ s]ies ( ages1 ,he =m$ ! body ( ! fir/ man ( ! du/ ( ! e>?1 by mak+ x pass ?r\gh ! long s]ies ( animality--! "q is a grave "o1 b x is ( second>y importance4 ,! fir/ "q is to "k :e!r we are m]ely ! ephem]al product ( ! enc\nt] ( atoms1 or :e!r !re is 9 u an ess5ce1 a nature1 a s\l1 a reality 9 %ort1 ) :i* may connect itself ano!r future ?an ! dissolution ( ! sepul*re2 :e!r !re rema9s ano!r hope ?an annihilation z ! t]m ( our late/ sorr[s1 or1 = ! aspirants aft] fame1 only t evanesc5t memory :i* "t be>s away ) ev]y?+ beside4 ,?is is ! "q4 ,d n all[ x to be put out ( sight b5ea? details ( physiology & rese>*es ( natural hi/ory1 :i* c nei!r settle1 nor s mu* z t\* ! problem4 ,if !re=e y fall 9 ) any "o ( ^! philosoph]s ( matt]1 bid him take ?is = all y\r answ]3 ,!re is "o fact :i* /&s out aga9/ y\r !ory & suffices to ov]?r[ x3 t fact is--myself6 ,& s9ce1 to h ! bett] ( mat]ialism1 x is suffici5t to und]/& well :at is "o ?\ght ( ! m9d1 "o ?rob ( ! spiritual he>t1 "o utt]ance ( ! consci5ce1--add boldly ) ,corneille's ,m$ea3 ,i1--,i say1--& x is en\gh4 ,9 fact1 nature does n expla9 man1 & to ?is conclusion has t5d$ all t ,i h said to y to-day4 ,,footnotes3 #ig ,h>monices mundi1 libri qu9que4 #ih ,philosophi naturalis pr9cipia ma!matica4 #ii ,! :ole univ]se is full ( ,8 magnific5ce4 ,may ?is ,god be ador$ & invok$ = ev]6 #ajj ,le ,rationalisme1 page #ai4 #aja ,=ce et ,matire1 page #bfb4 #ajb ,les ,mondes ,caus]ies a/ronomiques by ,guillem92 see p4 #abb 7#crd edition71 :]e ,kepl] is describ$ z an intellig5ce p5etrat$ by a pr(\nd fai? 9 nature & exalt$ by a noble pride4 ,see also pages #cbg & #ccf4 #ajc ,! "q discuss$ 9 ^! pages mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) t ( ! relations betwe5 ! sci5ce ( nature & ! docum5ts ( revelation4 ,:e!r nature c be expla9$ )\t ,god is "o "q4 ,:e!r geology is 9 accordance ) ! language ( ! book ( ,g5esis is ano!r "q1 z reg>ds bo? its nature & its importance4 ,?is latt] subject does n come )9 ! scope ( ^! lectures4 ,i w m]ely call att5tion to ! fact1 t if nature & ! sacr$ text are fix$ elem5ts1 ?is is n ! case ) ! int]pretations ( !ologians1 & ! results ( geology4 ,x is difficult to pron\nce ^u ! exact relation ( two quantities m or less indet]m9ate4 #ajd ,9 ! writ+s ( ,m4 de ,r\gemont1 if ,i am n mi/ak54 #aje ,sy/ema natur4 #ajf ,ps4 civ4 #bd4 #ajg ,biographie univ]selle4 #ajh ,a4 ,p4 de ,c&olle1 by ,a4 de la ,rive1 pp4 #ab & #ac4 #aji ,m4 ,vau*]'s pr9cipal title to sci5tific di/9ction is 8 ,hi/oire des conf]ves d'eau d\ce1 ,g5ve1 an ,,xi 7#ahjc71 #d4 #aaj ,comptes r5dus de l',acadmie des ,sci5ces ( #bj ,april1 #ahfc1 page #gch4 #aaa ,exet] ,hall ,lectures--,! ,p[] ( ,god 9 ,8 ,animal ,creation1 pamphlet 9 #abmo4 ,?is rem>kable lecture conta9s a tw(old prote/--aga9/ ! bl9dness ( ^? savants :o fail to recognize ! pres5ce ( ,god 9 nature2 & aga9/ ! pret5sions ( ^? !ologians :o attack ! c]ta9 results ( ! /udy ( nature1 rely+ ^u texts m or less accurately int]pret$4 #aab ,*emi/ry appli$ to ,agriculture & to ,physiology 79 ,g]man74 ,sev5? edition4 ,introd4 page #fi4 #aac ,s9ce ^! words 7 spok51 ,m4 de la ,rive has be5 nam$ an associat$ memb] ( ! ,in/itute ( ,france 7,academy ( ,sci5ces71 & ?us elevat$ to ! fir/ ( sci5tific dignities4 ,x might be %[n1 ,i believe1 t ! great] numb] ( ! eight associates ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces to be f\nd 9 ! _w1 make pr(ession ( _! fai? 9 ,god ! ,creator1 ! ,almighty & ,holy ,"o4 ,! sil5ce :i* o!rs may h pres]v$ on ! subject w\ld1 moreov]1 be no au?ority = conclud+ t !y d n %>e 9 beliefs & s5tim5ts :i* !y h n _h ! occasion p]haps ( publicly express+4 #aad ,on ! ,orig9 ( ,species1 page #ha4 ,fif? edition4 #aae ,on ! ,orig9 ( ,species4 ,! text is--! necess>y s]ies ( facts2 b x w\ld be to d ! writ] wrong to impute to him ! idea t obs]vation reveals to u :at is necess>y1 9 ! philosophical import ( ! ^w4 #aaf ,on ! ,orig9 ( ,species4 #aag ,c>o1 ,l',ide de ,dieu1 page #dg4 #aah ,=ce et ,matire1 page #aha4 #aai ,! ,b*n] proce$+ is f\nd aga9 pretty exactly 9 ,les ,mondes ( ,m4 ,amde ,guillem94 ,?is writ] affirms 7page #fj ( ! ?ird edition7 t sci5ce does n approa* metaphysical que/ions2 & ass]ts 9 ! same page1 t5 l9es fur!r on1 t a/ronomical exp]i5ce leads our reason to ! idea ( ! et]nity ( ! univ]se4 ,aft] t1 he may laugh1 if he w1 at lov]s ( ! absolute4 #abj ,see 9 p>ticul> ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 passim4 #aba ,s'enivrait en m>*ant du plaisir de la voir4 #abb ,see ! lecture above m5tion$4 #abc ,lettres sur les ,etats-,unis d',amrique1 by ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,f]ri ,pisani1 page #djj4--,lett] ( #be ,sept4 #ahfa4 #abd ,on ! orig9 ( species1 9 ! ,ar*ives des sci5ces de la ,biblio?que univ]selle1 ,m>*1 #ahfj4 #abe ,v\s c\lez des m\*]ons4 #abf ,9 8 ,pr9cipes de philosophie zoologique1 a collection ( answ]s made by ,ge(froy1 9 ! discussions ( ! ,acadmie des ,sci5ces1 9 #ahcj4 #abg ,voyons1 ,messieurs1 le temps ne fait ri5 l'affaire4 #abh ,sur c5t premi]s peuples clbres1 ,j'ai plong c5t peuples fameux1 ,dans un abme de tnbres ,o v\s disp>atrez comme eux4 ,j'ai c\v]t d'une ombre t]nelle ,des a/res te9ts dans leur c\rs4 --,ah6 p> piti1 lui dit ma belle1 ,vieill>d1 p>gnez nos am\rs6 #abi ,esprit des ,lois1 ,bk4 ,i4 *ap4 #a4 #acj ,leons sur l'homme1 by ,c>l ,vogt 7lectures deliv]$ dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahfb-ahfc1 at ,neu*tel & at ,*aux-de-,fonds71 #a vol4 #hvo4 ,p>is1 #ahfe4--,l',homme et le ,s+e1 by ,frdric de ,r\gemont1 pamphlet1 #abmo4 ,neu*tel1 #ahfc4 ,,lecture ,v4 ,,humanity4 7,at ,g5eva1 #a/4 ,dec41 #ahfc47 ,,g5tlem51 ,man has ne$ ( ,god4 ,if he be n fall5 into ! mo/ abject degradation1 he does n succe$ 9 ext+ui%+ ! in/9ct :i* leads him to inquire aft] 8 ,creator4 ,a false wisdom labors to /ill ! crav+s :i* ! tru? alone c satisfy2 b false wisdom rema9s p[]less1 & betrays itself cont9ually by "s outrage\s contradiction4 ,"h is a curi\s example ( ?is3 ,9 a book :i* 0 fam\s 9 ! la/ c5tury1 & :i* 0 call$ ! gospel ( a!ism1#aca ! ,b>on d',holba* expla9s z foll[s ! exi/5ce ( ! univ]se3 ,! univ]se1 t va/ assemblage ( all t exi/s1 ev]y:]e pres5ts to our view only matt] & motion4--,nature is ! gr& :ole :i* results f ! assemblage ( diff]5t mat]ial sub/ances1 f _! diff]5t comb9ations1 & f ! diff]5t motions :i* we see 9 ! univ]se4#acb ,"h is a cle> doctr9e3 all t exi/s1 ! s\l includ$1 is no?+ b matt] 9 motion4 ,i pass f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ! "w1 & ,i arrive at ?is conclusion3 ,o nature6 sov]eign ( all be+s6 & ye1 h] adorable daught]s1 virtue1 reason1 tru?6 be ye = ev] our sole div9ities2 to y x is t ! inc5se & ! homage ( ! e>? are due4#acc ,if we try to translate ?is sort ( hymn 9 accordance ) ! express def9itions ( ! au?or1 we %all obta9 ! foll[+ result3 ,o matt] 9 motion6 sov]eign ( all mat]ial sub/ances 9 motion6 & ye1 virtue1 reason1 tru?1 :o are v>i\s names ( matt] :i* moves1 be ye ! only div9ities ( t mov+ matt] :i* is ourselves4 ,yet ?is au?or 0 no blockhead4 ,:at !n pass$ 9 8 m9d8 ,he laid d[n ! !sis ( mat]ialism3 bodies 9 motion are ! only reality4 ,b he is all ! :ile a man4 ,! ne$ = adoration is n de/roy$ 9 8 s\l1 & he deceives himself4 ,he def9es nature z consi/+ :olly ( matt]1 & :5 he sets himself to wor%ip x1 he entirely =gets 8 def9ition4 ,?is is n on 8 "p a piece ( philosophical juggl]y1 b ! manife/ation ( ! real condition ( our nature1 :i* is always giv+ ! lie1 9 "o direction or ano!r1 to errone\s sy/ems4 ,! p[] ( :olly ma9ta9+ himself 9 error has n be5 grant$ to man4 ,he :o d5ies ,god is always deify+ some?+2 & all wor%ip :i* is n t ( ! ,et]nal & ,inf9ite ,m9d is /ultifi$ by gl>+ contradictions4 ,"h is a rec5t example ( ?is3 ,we 7 n a little surpris$ a %ort "t s9ce to see ,m4 ,erne/ ,r5an d5y cle>ly en\gh ! immortality ( our p]sons1 &1 9 ! op5+ ( ! v book 9 :i* ?is negation appe>s1 to f9d him invok+ ! s\l ( 8 si/] at re/ ) ,god4#acd ,else:]e1 ! same writ] says t ! ,inf9ite ,be+ does n exi/1 t absolute reason & absolute ju/ice exi/ only 9 humanity1 & he concludes 8 exposition ( ^! views by an invocation ( ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r4#ace ,! ,b>on d',holba* _h put eight hundr$ & ?irty-n9e pages betwe5 8 mat]iali/ic def9ition ( ! univ]se & 8 invocation ( nature4 ,n[-a-days ev]y?+ goes fa/]2 & ,m4 ,r5an places b a few pages ( ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes betwe5 8 d5ial ( ,god & 8 pray] to ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,) ?is diff]5ce1 :i* is to ! advantage ( ! writ] ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! process is absolutely ! same4 ,! philosoph] decl>es ,god to be an imag9>y be+1 & ! future life an illusion2 b ! man prote/s1 &1 by a t\*+ illusion ( ! he>t1 ! man :o 9 8 sy/em ( doctr9e has nei!r ,god nor hope1 f9ds t he has a si/] 9 ! realms et]nal1 & a ,fa!r 9 ! heav5s4 ,x is impossible n to see1 especially 9 lit]>y works de/9$ to a success ( fa%ion1 ! s$uctive influ5ce ( art1 ! precautions ( prud5ce1 ! concessions made to public op9ion2 b we _c :olly expla9 ! incr$ible contradictions ( ! ,holba*s & ,r5ans1 )\t all[+ full weight to t ne$ = ,god :i* %[s itself ev5 9 ! f>!/ w&]+s ( human ?\ght by sudd5 & abrupt returns4 ,! illusion :i* deifies matt] 9 motion is gross en\gh4 ,x belongs only to m9ds :i* ,cic]o call$1 9 ! ari/ocratic pride ( a ,roman g5tleman1 ! plebeians ( philosophy4#acf ,x requires1 9 fact1 no great reflection to und]/& t tru?1 beauty1 & goodness are nei!r atoms nor a c]ta9 movem5t ( atoms4 ,! attempt1 :i* is to =m ! subject ( our /udy to-day1 t ( deify+ man1 is a f> m subtle "o4 ,let u fir/ ( all inquire into ! orig9 ( ! /range wor%ip :i* humanity accords to itself4 ,nature1 consid]$ sep>ately f ! be+s :i* receive s5sible impressions f x1 has nei!r heat nor light4 ,9 a _w peopl$ by ! bl9d1 light w\ld h no "n4 ,if all m5 7 entirely p>alyz$ z to _! s5sations1 ! idea ( heat w\ld n exi/4 ,light & heat1 reg>d$ z exi/+ 9 matt] itself1 )\t ref]5ce to s5sitive organizations1 are1 9 ! op9ion ( our natural philosoph]s1 only det]m9ate movem5ts4 ,9 ! same way1 if nature 7 )\t any spectator :atev]1 beauty w\ld n exi/2 if !re 7 n[h]e any intellig5ce1 tru? w\ld no long] be4 ,9 ! same way aga91 if !re 7 no wills1 goodness1 :i* is no?+ else ?an ! law ( ! w1 w\ld be a ^w depriv$ ( all mean+4 ,beauty expresses ! object ( ! p]ceptions ( ! s\l4 ,tru? d5otes ! quality ( ! judgm5ts ( intellig5ces4 ,goodness 7,i speak ( moral goodness7 expresses a c]ta9 direction ( ! free w4 ,!re exi/s no means ( caus+ to proce$ f nature1 or f matt]1 ! attributes ( ! spiritual be+4 ,?is is only done by imag9>y trans=mations1 by a c\rse ( arrant juggl+4 ,! flame does n feel its own heat1 light does n see itself1 ! planets "k no?+ ( ! laws ( ,kepl]4 ,mat]ialism is ! result ( a mode/y :olly misplac$ :i* leads man to =get himself1 9 ord] to attribute gratuit\sly to nature realities :i* exi/ only 9 spiritual be+s connect$ ) nature by a m>vell\s h>mony4 ,9 ord] !re=e to acc\nt = ! univ]se1 we mu/ raise ourselves above ! atom 9 motion1 & p5etrate into a high] _w :]e tru?1 beauty1 goodness become ! objects ( ?\ght4 ,tru?1 beauty1 goodness conduct ! m9d to ,god1 _! et]nal s\rce4 ,b !re is a philosophy :i* endeavors to /op midway 9 ! asc5t ( ! ,div9e ladd]1 & ?9ks to satisfy itself 9 ! contemplation ( ! true1 ! beautiful1 ! good1 )\t connect+ !m ) _! cause4 ,?is philosophy consid]s ! true1 ! beautiful1 ! good1 z ideas :i* exi/ by !mselves1 )\t a supreme ,_s ( :i* !y are ! manife/ation4 ,x has receiv$1 9 consequ5ce1 ! "n ( idealism4 ,to conceive ( ideas )\t a m9d1 ideas hav+ an exi/5ce by !mselves1 is a ?+ impossible2 su* a conception is express$ by words :i* give back a holl[ s\nd1 because !y conta9 no?+4 ,we h already /at$ ?is !sis2 let u n[ confirm x by an example4 ,a lit]>y ,fr5*man1 ,m4 ,ta9e1 w\ld make u und]/& 9 :at mann] ! univ]se may be expla9$ )\t ref]5ce to ,god1 & by means ( a pure idea4 ,li/5 well1 n to und]/&1 b to make sure t y d n und]/&3 ,! univ]se =ms a unique be+1 indivisible1 ( :i* all ! be+s are memb]s4 ,at ! supreme summit ( ?+s1 at ! highe/ po9t ( ! lum9\s & inaccessible e!r1 pron\nces itself ! et]nal axiom2 & ! prolong$ res\nd+ ( ?is creative =mula composes1 by its inexhau/ible undulations1 ! imm5sity ( ! univ]se4 ,e =m1 e *ange1 e movem5t1 e idea is "o ( its acts4#acg ,m4 ,ta9e is a man ( humor1 & ! burlesque has a place 9 8 philosophical writ+s2 b 9 ! words :i* ,i h j read to y he seems to h int5d$ s]i\sly to exp\nd ! sy/em :i* replaces ,god by an idea4 ,try n[ to =m a def9ite conception ( ?is univ]se compos$ ( ! undulations ( an axiom4 ,d y und]/& h[ an axiom undulates1 & h[ ! heav5s & ! e>? are only ! undulations ( an axiom8 ,mak+ all all[ance = rhetoric & figures1 d y und]/& :at c be ! acts ( an axiom1 & h[ an axiom pron\nces itself )\t be+ pron\nc$8 ,y d n und]/& x1 z nei!r d ,i4 ,su* doctr9es1 !n1 z we h said1 c only be ! portion ( a small numb] ( ?9k]s :o h lo/1 by d9t ( ab/raction1 ! s5tim5t ( reality4 ,! ideas--tru?1 beauty1 good--w only exi/ = ! common ord] ( m51 "u su* a sy/em1 9 ! human m9d1 :]e we h cognizance ( !m2 & !nce=w>d1 ! ideal1 or ,god1 is no?+ else ?an ! image ( humanity :i* contemplates itself 9 a sort ( mirage4 ,?us x is t ! adoration ( man by man is dis5gag$ f ! high !ories ( idealism4 ,let u proce$ to ! exam9ation ( ?is wor%ip1 :i* is cri$ up n[-a-days 9 div]s p>ts ( ! intellectual globe4 ,i op5 ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 ( ! #ae? ,febru>y1 #ahfa4 ,z ! au?or ( ! article ,i ref] to#ach appe>s to admit t "o ass]tion is n m true ?an ano!r oppos$ to x1#aci we w n be s simple z to ask :e!r he adopts ! op9ions :i* he prop\nds4 ,he pres5ts to u1 9 a rapid sket*1 ! pr9cipal t5d5cies ( ! mod]n m9d4 ,! mod]n m9d is "h *>act]iz$ by "o ( its decl>$ p>tisans2 y w n take !re=e = a wick$ c>icature ! picture :i* he puts be=e u4 ,"h !n are ! ?\ghts ( ! mod]n m9d3 ,!re is only "o inf9ite1 t ( our desires & our aspirations1 t ( our ne$s & our ef=ts4#adj ,! true1 ! beautiful1 ! j are p]petually occurr+2 !y are = ev] 9 c\rse ( self-=mation1 because !y are no?+ else ?an ! human m9d1 :i*1 9 unfold+ itself1 f9ds & kn[s itself aga94#ada ,?is is only ! ,fr5* translation ( a say+ celebrat$ 9 ,g]many3 ,god is n3 ,he becomes4 ,:at we call ,god is ! human m9d4 ,:at 0 !re at ! beg9n+ ( ?+s8 ,! human m9d1 :i* did n "k itself4 ,:at w !re be 9 ! end8 ,! human m9d1 :i*1 9 unfold+ itself1 w h come to "k itself1 & w adore itself z ! supreme ,god4 ,if ?is be inde$ ! f9al object ( ! univ]se1 x appe>s t1 9 ! op9ion ( ^! philosoph]s1 ! consummation ( all ?+s mu/ be ne>4 ,once t humanity1 fai?ful to _! doctr9e1 %all h pron\nc$ ! l(ty utt]ance1 ,i am ,god1 & !re is none else1 ! _w w no long] h any reason = exi/+4 ,su* is ! sy/em ( :i* we h to foll[ out ! consequ5ces4 ,let u take z our po9t ( comp>ison ! old ideas :i* we are urg$ to ab&on4 ,we usually expla9 human de/9ies by ! concurr5ce ( two causes1 inf9itely di/9ct1 s9ce ! "o is creative & ! o!r creat$1 b bo? ( :i* we hold = real3 man1 & ,god4 ,humanity has receiv$ f its ,au?or ! free p[] :i* we call w1 & ! law ( t w :i* we "n consci5ce4 ,! law proce$s f ,god1 ! lib]ty proce$s f ,god2 b ! acts ( ! creat$ w1 :5 x violates its law & revolts aga9/ its ,au?or1 are ! creation ( ! creature4 ,god is ! et]nal s\rce ( good1 & lib]ty is a good2 b ,god is n ! s\rce ( evil1 :i* is di/9ctly a revolt aga9/ ,him1 ! abuse ( ! fir/ ( ,8 gifts4 ,toge!r ) w1 man has receiv$ und]/&+1 & gives himself to ! se>* aft] tru?4 ,tru? is ! object ( ! und]/&+1 its ,div9e law4 ,error is a deviation f ! law ( ! und]/&+1 z evil is a deviation f ! law ( ! w4 ,la/ly1 ) w & und]/&+1 man has receiv$ ! faculty ( feel+4 ,?is faculty applies itself to ! _w ( bodies1 f :i* we receive pa9 or pleasure4 ,b our faculty ( feel+ does n /op !re4 ,above ! animal life1 ! m9d has enjoym5ts :i* are prop] to x1 & ! object ( :i* is beauty4 ,beauty is n only 9 nature & 9 works ( art1 x is ev]y:]e1 9 :atev] attracts our love4 ,! sci5ces are beautiful1 & ! h>mony ( ! tru?s :i* are discov]$ 9 _! ord] & mutual dep5d5ce causes u to exp]i5ce a feel+ simil> to t produc$ by ! mo/ delightful music4 ,virtue is beautiful2 x %9es 9 ! view ( ! consci5ce ) ! pure/ brightness1 &1 z 0 said by "o ( ! anci5ts1 if x c\ld reveal itself to our eyes 9 a s5sible =m1 x w\ld excite 9 our s\ls feel+s ( inexpressible love4 ,vice is ugly :5 once /ripp$ ( ! delusive fasc9ation ( ! passions2 ! vici\s excesses ( ! l[] nature are ugly & repulsive z soon z ! intoxication is ov]4 ,error is ugly too2 !re are no beautiful errors b ^? :i* conta9 a l>g] portion ( tru? ?an ! prosaic v]ities1 :i* are no?+ else ?an falsehoods put 9 a speci\s way4 ,beauty !re=e is ! law ( our feel+s1 z tru? is ! law ( our ?\ght1 & good ! law ( our w4 ,we w n inquire n[ :at secret relations %all "o day br+ toge!r 9 an indissoluble unity ( light1 ! good1 ! true1 & ! beautiful1 & 9 a unity ( d>kness1 evil1 de=mity1 & falsehood4 ,let x suffice to h po9t$ out h[ a ?reefold aspiration leads man to ,god1 "u ! guidance ( ! consci5ce1 ! und]/&+1 & ! feel+s2 & t a ?reefold rebellion e/ranges him f ,god1 by s9k+ him into ! d>k regions ( de=mity1 error1 & evil4 ,humanity has !re=e a law2 x has be5 end[$ ) lib]ty1 b t a lib]ty ( :i* ! legitimate end is det]m9$4 ,x advances t[>ds ?is end1 or x sw]ves f x4 ,!re is a rule above its acts4 ,! ?+ z x is may n be ! ?+ z x ought to be2 rebellion is n ob$i5ce1 & good is n evil4 ,all ^! consequ5ces are includ$ 9 ! idea ( creation4 ,! /ruggle betwe5 two opposite pr9ciples1 a /ruggle :i* sums up human de/9y1 is a fact ( :i* ea* "o ( u c easily assure himself 9 8 own p]son4 ,:at w happ5 :5 man1 s5sible ( ! law ( 8 nature1 & consci\s ( ?is /ruggle1 proce$s to enc\nt] humanity8 ,ea* "o ( u c>ries humanity 9 8 own bosom4 ,b humanity1 ! "* ( man :i* is common to u1 & :i* makes ! spiritual unity ( our species1 is f\nd to be alt]$ by ! influ5ce ( places1 times1 & circum/ances4 ,our reason is encumb]$ by prejudices ( bir? & education1 & by su* z we h ourselves creat$ 9 our m9ds 9 ! ex]cise ( our w4 ,our s5se ( beauty is vitiat$ & n>r[$ by local influ5ces & habits4 ,our consci5ce is likewise subject$ to influ5ces :i* impair its free manife/ation4 ,e "o ne$s to enl>ge 8 horizon4 ,by seek+ occasions ( int]c\rse ) our fell[s1 we %all le>n to discrim9ate true & et]nal beauty 9 ! div]sity ( its manife/ations2 we %all di/+ui% ! tru? f ! individual prepossessions ( our own m9ds2 good & evil1 dis5gag$ f ! n>r[nesses ( habit1 w appe> to u 9 _! real & endur+ nature4 ,our ta/e w be =m$1 our consci5ce purifi$1 our m9d enl>g$2 we %all m & m become m51 9 ! high & full acceptation ( ! t]m4 ,9 ord] t ! meet+ toge!r ( ! individual & ( humanity may produce su* fruits1 ,god mu/ dwell cont9ually 9 ! sanctu>y ( ! consci5ce4 ,! inn] light is k9dl$ 9 ! int]c\rse ( ! s\l ) its ,creator2 x is aft]w>ds bright5$ & nurtur$ by ! s\l's int]c\rse ) ! traces ( ,god :i* humanity reveals4 ,b ?is light makes manife/ )9 u1 & )\t u1 great d>kness4 ,we h no "r to ab&on ourselves to e spectacle :i* /rikes our view4 ,if1 9 pres5ce ( :at is pass+ 9 ! _w1 we are tempt$ to reg>d ! prosp]ity ( ! wick$ ) c[>dly envy2 if we w\ld fill up1 = ! satisfaction ( our evil desires1 ! abyss :i* sep>ates ! holy f ! impure1 ! inn] voice lifts itself up & cries to u3 ,woe6 woe to !m :o call evil good1 & good evil4#adb ,god is our ,ma/]1 ev5 z ,he is our good & our hope4 ,! fact ( ! revolts ( humanity c h no effect aga9/ ,8 sov]eign w4 ,soldi]s 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,almighty1 life is = u a conflict1 & duty imposes on u a combat4 ,su*1 ,sirs1 is ! explanation ( our de/9ies1 an old1 &1 if y l1 a vulg> "o4 ,let u n[ give our att5tion to ! doctr9e :i* deifies humanity1 & foll[ out its consequ5ces4 ,humanity c>ries )9 its bosom ! idea ( tru?1 ! love ( beauty1 ! s5se ( good4 ,:at does x ne$ m8 ,^! noble aspirations m>k = x ! end ( its ef=ts4 ,:at w be want+ to a life regulat$ by duty1 enlight5$ by tru?1 ennobl$ by art8 ,:at w be want+ to su* a life8 ,no?+1 or ev]y?+4 ,no?+1 if ! se>* aft] good1 tru?1 & beauty leads to ,god4 ,ev]y?+1 if x be s\ght to c>ry x on )\t any ref]5ce to ,god1 because f ! mom5t t man desires to be ! s\rce ( light to himself1 ! light w be *ang$ into d>kness1 z we said at ! beg9n+ ( ?is lecture4 ,put ,god out ( view1 & good1 beauty1 & tru? w disappe>2 :ile y w see produc$ ! decl9e ( art1 ! dissolution ( ?\ght 9 scepticism1 ! absolute negation ( morality4 ,let u consid] ) ! att5tion x des]ves1 & 9 contempor>y examples1 ?is sad & curi\s spectacle4 ,i op5 a treatise by ,m4 ,ta9e4 ,! ,engli% hi/orian ,macaulay speaks ( lit]>y m5 :o h tak5 pa9s to /rip vice ( its odi\sness1 to r5d] virtue ridicul\s1 to rank adult]y among ! elegant fa%ions & obligatory a*ievem5ts ( a man ( ta/e4 ,! hone/ ,engli%man takes ! lib]ty to judge & to condemn m5 :o h made s p]nici\s a use ( _! tal5ts4 ,?is pret5sion to make ! consci5ce speak is 9 ! eyes ( ! ,fr5* man ( lett]s a go?ic prejudice4 ,li/5 h[ he expresses himself on ! subject3 ,criticism 9 ,france has fre] me?ods4--,:5 we try to give an acc\nt ( ! life1 or to describe ! "*1 ( a man1 we are q will+ to consid] him simply z an object ( pa9t+ or ( sci5ce4444 ,we d n judge him1 we only wi% to repres5t him to ! eyes & to set him intelligibly be=e ! reason4 ,we are curi\s inquir]s & no?+ m4 ,t ,pet] or ,paul 0 a knave matt]s little to u1 t 0 ! bus9ess ( 8 contempor>ies1 :o suff]$ f 8 vices--,at ?is day we are out ( 8 rea*1 & hatr$ has disappe>$ ) ! dang]--,i exp]i5ce nei!r av]sion nor disgu/2 ,i h left ^! feel+s at ! gate ( hi/ory1 & ,i ta/e ! v deep & v pure pleasure ( see+ a s\l act accord+ to a def9ite law--4#adc ,y und]/&1 ,g5tlem53 ! di/9ction betwe5 good & evil1 z t betwe5 error & tru?2 ^! are old s&als :i* mu/ be put (f be=e ent]+ into ! temple ( hi/ory2 & ! man ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 if he has ta/e & in=mation1 is m]ely an hi/orian1 & no?+ m4 ,! sacr$ emotion :i* g5]\s actions produce 9 u1 ! indignation /irr$ 9 u by bas5ess & cruelty1 are *ildi% emotions :i* are to disappe> 9 ord] t we may be free to contemplate vice & virtue ) a pleasure always equal1 v deep1 & v pure4 ,we h n "h ! ab]ration ( a "y & ill-regulat$ m9d1 b ! doctr9e ( a s*ool4 ,i op5 aga9 ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 & !re ,i enc\nt] ! !ory ( :i* ,m4 ,ta9e has made ! application3 ,we no long] "k any?+ ( morals1 b ( mann]s2 ( pr9ciples1 b ( facts4 ,we expla9 ev]y?+1 &1 z has be5 said1 ! m9d ends by approv+ ( all t x expla9s4 ,mod]n virtue is summ$ up 9 tol]ation4#add--;,imm5se novelty6 ,t :i* is1 has = u ! "r to be4#ade--;,9 ! eyes ( ! mod]n savant1 all is true1 all is "r 9 its own place4 ,! place ( ea* ?+ con/itutes its tru?4#adf ,i cut %ort ! enum]ation ( ^! enormities4 ,all rule has disappe>$1 all morality is de/roy$2 !re is no long] any diff]5ce betwe5 "r & fact1 betwe5 :at is & :at ought to be4 ,& :at is ! real acc\nt to give ( all ?is8 ,x is z foll[s3 ,humanity is ! highe/ po9t ( ! univ]se2 above x !re is no?+2 humanity is ,god1 if we cons5t to take t sacr$ "n 9 a new s5se4 ,h[ !n is x to be judg$8 ,9 ! "n ( :at rule8 s9ce !re is no rule3 9 ! "n ( :at law8 s9ce !re is no law4 ,all judgm5t is a p]sonal prejudice1 ! act ( a n>r[ m9d4 ,we d n judge ,god1 we simply rec\nt ,8 deal+s2 we accept all ,8 acts1 & record !m ) equal v5]ation4 ,all sci5ce is only a hi/ory1 & ! fir/ requisite 9 a hi/orian is to r$uce to sil5ce 8 consci5ce & 8 reason1 z sorry & deceitful exhibitions ( 8 petty p]sonality1 9 ord] to accept all ! acts ( ! humanity-deity1 & e/abli% _! mutual connection4 ,! deification ( ! human m9d is ! ju/ification ( all its acts1 &1 by a direct consequ5ce1 ! annihilation ( all morality4 ,let u look m 9 detail at ! orig9 & developm5t ( ^! notions4 ,! individual plac+ himself be=e humanity is to accept ev]y?+3 ?is is ! disposition recomm5d$ to u1 9 ! "n ( ! mod]n m9d4 ,good & evil are n>r[ measures :i* m9ds beh9d ! age p]si/1 ridicul\sly en\gh1 9 wi%+ to apply to ?+s4 ,we no long] trans=m ! _w to our image by br++ x to our /&>d2 on ! contr>y1 we all[ ourselves to be modifi$ & fa%ion$ by x4#adg ,! individual goes !re=e to meet humanity )\t any inn] rule3 he gives himself up1 he ab&ons himself to ! spectacle ( facts4 ,b ! _w is l>ge1 & hi/ory is long4 ,ev5 ^? :o sp5d _! :ole life 9 no?+ else ?an 9 satisfy+ _! curiosity1 _c see & "k ev]y?+4 ,to :at !n %all be direct$ t vague look1 equally attract$ to all po9ts = want ( any fix$ rule8 ,at :at %all x /op8 ,x w re/ on t :i* %9es mo/ brilliantly1 l a mo? attract$ by light4 ,n[1 no?+ %9es m brightly ?an success2 no?+ m solicits ! att5tion4 ,! glorification ( success is ! fir/ & mo/ infallible consequ5ce ( moral indiff]5ce4 ,9 leav+ ourselves to be fa%ion$ by ! _w in/ead ( br++ x to our /&>d1 we %all beg9 by accord+ our e/eem to victory4 ,?is philosophy is come to u f ,g]many4 ,x 0 set =? on "o occasion1 9 ,france1 ) great clat1 by ! brilliant eloqu5ce ( a man :o has r5d]$ signal s]vices to philosophy1 & ^: entire works mu/ n be judg$ ( by ! s+le p>ticul> :i* ,i am ab\t to m5tion4 ,9 ! ye> #ahbi1 ,m4 ,c\s9 0 develop+ at ! ,sorbonne ! mean+ ( ^! v]ses ( ,la ,fonta9e1 :i* introduce ! fable ( ! ,wolf & ! ,lamb3 ,la raison du plus =t e/ t\j\rs la meilleure3 ,je vais le montr] t\t l'heure4 ,he _h writt5 z ! programme ( "o ( 8 lectures3 ,morality ( ,victory4 ,n[ see h[ he ju/ifi$ ?is surpris+ title3 ,i h absolv$ victory z necess>y & useful2 ,i n[ und]take to absolve x z j 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,m5 d n usually see 9 success any?+ else ?an ! triumph ( /r5g?1 & an honorable sympa?y draws u to ! side ( ! vanqui%$2 ,i hope ,i h %[n t s9ce !re mu/ always be a vanqui%$ side1 & s9ce ! vanqui%$ side is always t :i* ought to be s1 to accuse ! conqu]or is to take "p aga9/ humanity1 & to compla9 ( ! progress ( civilization4 ,we mu/ g f>!r2 we mu/ prove t ! vanqui%$ des]v$ to be s1 t ! conqu]or n only s]ves ! int]e/s ( civilization1 b t he is bett]1 m moral ?an ! vanqui%$1 & t x is on t acc\nt he is ! conqu]or4444 ,x is "t t ! philosophy ( hi/ory %\ld place at its feet ! declamations ( philan?ropy4#adh ,^! words are wor? consid]+4 ,:5 ,br5nus ! ,gaul 0 hav+ ! gold weigh$ :i* he exact$ f ! vanqui%$ ,romans1 he ?rew 8 heavy sword into ! balance1 exclaim+1 ,v ,victis6 ,woe to ! conqu]$6 ,he simply meant to say t he 0 ! /rong]1 & did n =esee t a ,gaul ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 avail+ himself ( ! labors ( le>n$ ,g]many1 w\ld demon/rate t be+ ! /rong] he 0 on t v acc\nt ! m j4 ,b we mu/ n w&] too f> f our subject4 ,:5 ! spectacle ( ! _w is freely indulg$ 9 )\t any application to x ( ! measure ( ! consci5ce1 :at fir/ /rikes ! view is success4 ,x is necess>y !re=e to beg9 ) r5d]+ glory to success by decl>+ victory good4 ,n[1 m>k well "h ! conflict ( ! old notions ) ! s-call$ mod]n m9d4 ,f ! old po9t ( view1 victory 9 ! issue belongs to good1 because :ile man is toss$ 9 /rife & tumult1 ,god is lead+ him on2 b ! success ( good is realiz$ by conflict1 & ! victory is (t5 rea*$ only aft] a long s]ies ( defeats4 ,!re are bad triumphs & impi\s successes4 ,:at is propos$ to u is1 to put aside ! rule ( our own judgm5ts1 & to decl>e t victory is good 9 itself4 ,! old po9t ( view1 t ( ! consci5ce1 does n surr5d] )\t an en]getic resi/ance2 & t resi/ance %[s itself 9 ! v words ( ,m4 ,c\s94 ,8 !sis is1 t all victory is j4 ,8 int5tion is !re=e to approve victory4 ,:y does he say absolve8 x is ! t]m :i* he employs4 ,s9ce ! matt] 9 "q is to absolve victory1 x is plac$ on trial4 ,x is accus$ ( be+1 l =tune & fame1 at "o "t on ! side ( good & ju/ice1 at ano!r on ! side ( inju/ice & evil4 ,:i* !n is ! p>ty accus$8 ,victory4 ,:o is ! advocate8 ,an eloqu5t pr(essor4 ,:o f9ally is ! accus]8 ,d y n see8 ,x is ! human consci5ce2 ! consci5ce :i* prote/s 9 ! s\l ( ! orator aga9/ ! !ory ( :i* he is enam\r$1 & :i* =ces him to say absolve :5 he %\ld say glorify4 ,& 9 fact ! *oice mu/ be made3 ei!r to glorify victory1 by tread+ "u foot t n>r[ consci5ce :i* sometimes ranks itself ) ,cato on ! side ( ! vanqui%$2 or to glorify consci5ce by impea*+ ! victories :i* outrage x4 ,x is n suffici5t1 h[ev]1 to sacrifice ! consci5ce 9 ord] to rescue f emb>rassm5t ! philosophy ( success4 ,x /rikes on o!r rocks also4 ,! same causes are by turns victori\s & vanqui%$1 & x is h>d to make m5 und]/& t1 9 conflicts 9 :i* _! de>e/ affections are engag$1 !y mu/ be=eh&1 & 9 all cases1 take "p ) ! /ronge/4 ,x w be 9 va9 = ! philosoph] to say t ! ,swiss ( ,morg>t5 7 "r1 = t !y beat ! ,au/rians2 b t ! h]oes ( ,rot5?urm 7 greatly 9 ! wrong1 because1 cru%$ )\t be+ vanqui%$1 !y 7 oblig$ to yield to numb]s1 & leave at la/ _! c\ntry's soil to be trodd5 by ! /rang]2--! *ildr5 ( old ,switz]l& w f9d x h>d to admit ?is doctr9e4 ,ev5 9 ,france1 9 t nation s accu/om$ to encircle its soldi]s' br[s ) laurel1 ?is difficulty has ris5 up 9 ! way ( ,m4 ,c\s94 ,brang]1 :5 ask$ = a s\v5ir ( ,wat]loo1 ,repli$1 ) droop+ eyelid1 te>-b$ew$3 ,nev] t "n %all sadd5 v]se ( m9e4#adi ,b philosophy w\ld be wor? little if x _h n at its disposal m ext5sive res\rces ?an ^? ( a song-writ]4 ,m4 ,c\s9 !re=e look$ ! difficulty 9 ! face4 ,victory is always good4 ,b h[ %all "y ,fr5*m5 be made to he> ?is ) reg>d to t signal defeat ( ! armies ( ,france8 ,li/53 ,x is n populations :i* appe> on battle-fields1 b ideas & causes4 ,s at ,leipzig & at ,wat]loo two causes came to ! enc\nt]1 ! cause ( pat]nal mon>*y & t ( milit>y democracy4 ,:i* ( !m c>ri$ ! day1 ,g5tlem58 ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,:o 0 ! conqu]or & :o ! conqu]$ at ,wat]loo8 ,g5tlem51 !re 7 none conqu]$4 7,applause47 ,no1 ,i prote/ t !re 7 none3 ! only conqu]ors 7 ,european civilization & ! map4 7,unanim\s & prolong$ applause47#aej ,to make ! y\? ( ,p>is applaud at ! remembrance ( ,wat]loo is p]haps "o ( ! mo/ brilliant triumphs ( eloqu5ce :i* ! annals ( hi/ory record4 ,b ?is rhetorical success is n a triumph ( tru?4 ,!re 7 ^? :o 7 conqu]$ at ,wat]loo2 &1 to judge by :at has be5 go+ on = "s "t pa/ 9 ,europe1 x w\ld seem t ^? :o 7 conqu]$ are b5t on tak+ _! rev5ge4 ,we may inf] f ^! facts t all triumphs are n good1 s9ce tru? may be = a mom5t ov]come by a false philosophy trick$ out 9 ! deceitful adornm5ts ( eloqu5ce4 ,b let u admit1 :atev] our op9ion on ! subject1 t ! ,wat]loo rock has be5 pass$ successfully2 we h n yet po9t$ out ! ma9 difficulty :i* rises up 9 ! way ( ?is sy/em4 ,if victory is good1 x seems at fir/ sight t defeat is bad4 ,b defeat is ! necess>y condition ( victory2 & be+ ! condition ( good1 x seems !re=e t x also is good2 & ! m9d comes logically to ?is conclusion3 ,victory is good2--defeat is good1 s9ce x is ! condition ( victory2--all is good4 ,we set out ) ! glorification ( victory1 &1 lo6 we are arriv$ at ! glorification ( fact4 ,all t is1 has ! "r to be2 9 ! eyes ( ! mod]n savant :atev] is1 is "r4 ,m4 ,c\s9 laid d[n ! pr9ciple2 he laid x d[n 9 a g5]al mann] 9 8 philosophical eclecticism1 ( :i* x 0 easy to make use1 z has 9 fact be5 done1 9 a s5se contr>y to 8 real int5tions4 ,our "y critics1 wa/+ an inh]itance ( :i* !y d n appe> always to recognize ! orig91 are do+ no?+ else1 v (t51 ?an cat*+ z !y die away ! la/ vibrations ( t surpass+ eloqu5ce4 ,9 ! eyes ( ! mod]n savant1 ev]y?+ is "r & good3 su* is ! axiom = :i* ! labors ( m ?an "o mod]n hi/orian _h prep>$ u4 ,we are to seek = ! relation ( facts "o to ano!r1 t is to expla92 & all t we expla91 we mu/ approve4 ,let u foll[ out ?is ?\ght 9 a few examples4 ,x 0 necess>y t ,l\is ,,xvi %\ld be behead$ & ! guillot9e p]man5tly set up1 9 ord] to manife/ ! result ( ! disord]s ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 ( ! %ameful excesses ( ,l\is ,,xv1 & ( ! lic5ti\s immorality ( ,fr5* society4 ,x 0 necess>y = ,l\is ,,xiv to be an adult]]1 ,l\is ,,xv a debau*ee1 ! cl]gy corrupt1 & ! nobility deprav$1 to br+ ab\t ! %ocks ( ! revolution4 ,! facts mutually correspond2 ,i expla91 & ,i approve4 ,9 ! eyes ( ! mod]n savant ev]y?+ is "r4 ,x 0 necess>y t ,buonap>te %\ld ?r[ ! ,corps lgislatif out ( ! w9d[1 t he %\ld let loose 8 armies ^u ,europe1 & leave ?\s&s ( dead bodies 9 ! sn[s ( ,russia1 9 ord] to end ! revolution1 & ext+ui% ! re/less ardor ( ! ,fr5*4 ,x ne$$ ! massacres ( ,septemb]1 ! gloomy days ( ! ,t]ror1 ! an>*y ( ! p]iod ( ! ,directory1 to ?r[ dismay$ ,france into ! arms ( ! cr[n$ soldi] :o 0 to c>ry to s high a pit* h] glory & h] influ5ce4 ,! facts correspond2 ,i expla91 & ,i approve4 ,9 ! eyes ( ! mod]n savant1 ev]y?+ is "r4 ,i consid] ! "* ( ,n]o4 ,i take him at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 reign1 :51 be+ =c$ to sign ! dea?-w>rant ( a crim9al1 he exclaim$--,w\ld ,i 7 unable to write6 ,& !n aga9 ,i reg>d him aft] he has p]petrat$ acts su* t to apply 8 "n 9 future ages to ! cruelle/ ( tyrants %all appe> to !m a cruel injury4 ,:at has tak5 place 9 ! int]val8 ,! developm5t ( 8 natural "*1 ,agripp9a1 ,n>cissus 444 ,i und]/& ! play ( all ! spr+s :i* h made a mon/]4 ,z ,i am out ( 8 clut*es1 my dete/ation vani%es ) ! dang]4 ,i ta/e ! v deep & v pure pleasure ( see+ a m9d act accord+ to a def9ite law4 ,i und]/&1 ,i expla91 ,i approve4 ,9 ! eyes ( ! mod]n savant1 ev]y?+ is "r4 ,x w\ld be impossible1 ,g5tlem51 to pursue ?is reason+ to its extreme limits )\t (f5d+ aga9/ ! commone/ dec5cy4 ,we %\ld h to desc5d into blood & mire1 cont9u+ to decl>e ! :ile t ev]y?+ is "r4 ,i pause !re=e1 & leave ! re/ to y\r imag9ations4 ,op5 ! mo/ dismal pages ( hi/ory4 ,*oose out ! acts :i* inspire ! mo/ vivid horror & disgu/1 ! blacke/ examples ( +ratitude1 ! meane/ in/ances ( c[>dice1 ! cases ( mo/ ref9$ cruelty1 & ! mo/ hide\s debau*]ies3 !nce let y\r ?\ghts pass to facts :i* b$ew ! eyelid ) ! te> ( t5d]e/ emotion1 to ! cases ( mo/ h]oic self-devotion1 to sacrifices ! mo/ humble 9 _! greatness2 & !n try to apply ! rule ( ! mod]n savant1 & to say t all ?is is equally "r & good1 & t :atev] is has ! "r to be4 ,op5 ! book ( y\r own he>t4 ,?9k ( "o ( ^? base temptations :i* assault ! be/ ( u1 "o ( ^? ?\ghts :i* raise a blu% 9 solitude2 !n ?9k ( ! be/1 ! pure/1 ! mo/ dis9t]e/$ ( ! feel+s :i* h ev] be5 giv5 to y\r s\l2 & try aga9 to apply ! rule ( ! mod]n savant1 & to affirm t all ?is is equally good1 & t all t is has ! "r to be4 ,i "k v well t 9 g5]al ^! doctr9es are appli$ to ?+s look$ at 9 ! mass1 & to ! f>-(f pa/ ( hi/ory2 b ?is is a poor subt]fuge = ! def5d]s ( ^! mon/r\s !ses4 ,?+s view$ 9 ! mass are only ! assemblage ( ?+s view$ 9 detail4 ,if ! di/9ction ( good & evil d n exi/ = g5]al facts1 h[ %\ld x exi/ = p>ticul> facts8 ,& h[ c we apply to ! pa/ a rule :i* we refuse to apply to ! pres5t1 see+ t ! pres5t is no?+ else ?an ! pa/ ( ! future1 & t ! facts ( our own "t are matt] = hi/ory to our po/]ity8 ,^!1 ,i repeat1 are b va9 subt]fuges4 ,if humanity is always adorable1 x is s 9 ! faults ( ! meane/ ( m5 z 9 ! spl5did s9s ( ! magnates ( ! e>?2 x is s to-day z x 0 ?irty c5turies ago2 ! god 9 gr[+ old does n cease to be ! same4 ,:5 ! m9d is engag$ 9 ^! p]nici\s ways1 ! spr+ ( ! moral life is brok51 & ! practical consequ5ce is n long 9 appe>+4 ,! philosoph]s ( success1 hav+ become ! philosoph]s ( ! fait accompli1 accept all & endure all2 b 9 ano!r s5se ?an t 9 :i* *>ity accepts all1 t x may trans=m all by ! p[] ( love4 ,x is ! morality ( ,phil9te3 ,i take m5 quietly1 & z !y are3 ,& :at !y d ,i tra9 my s\l to be>4#aea ,^! in/ructions are n v necess>y4 ,!re w always be p en\gh f\nd ready to applaud victory1 & to fall 9 ) ! fait accompli4 ,b is x n sad to see m5 ( m9d1 m5 ( he>t too1 p]haps1 mak+ !mselves ! !ori/s ( bas5ess1 & ! philosoph]s ( c[>dice8 ,!re is /ill m to be said4 ,f ! glorification ( success ! m9d passes necess>ily1 z we h j se51 to ! glorification alike ( all t is4 ,x w\ld appe> at fir/ sight t ! adept 9 ! doctr9e mu/ f9d himself 9 a condition ( indiff]5ce ) reg>d to :at prejudic$ m5 cont9ue to call good & evil4 ,?is indiff]5ce h[ev] is only app>5t4 ,:5 x is grant$ t no?+ is evil1 ! "p ( good disappe>s 9 ! end4 ,!re _h be5 =m$ 9 anci5t ,rome1 "u pret5ce ( religion1 a secret society1 :i* _h z its fundam5tal dogma ! aphorism t no?+ is evil4#aeb ,! memb]s ( ! society did n practise good & evil1 x appe>s1 ) equal indiff]5ce1 = ! magi/rates ( ! republic took al>m1 & smo!r$1 by a free employm5t ( dea? & imprisonm5t1 a focus ( murd]s1 violations1 false witness1 & =g$ signatures4 ,?is fact reveals1 ) om9\s cle>ness1 a movem5t ( ?\ght on ! nature ( :i* x is easy to speculate4 ,:5 man ca/s a vague glance ov] ! _w1 ext+ui%+ ! :ile ! inn] light ( consci5ce2 :5 he resigns himself to ! ?+s he contemplates )\t apply+ to !m any /&>d1 :at fir/ /rikes 8 att5tion1 z we h said be=e1 is success4 ,& :at next8 ,sc&al4 ,no?+ comes m into view ?an sc&al4 ,9 a va/ city1 ?\s&s ( "y m5 ga9 _! livelihood labori\sly1 & devote !mselves to ! good ( _! families3 no "o speaks ( !m4 ,a lib]t9e loses o!r m5's money at play1 & bl[s out 8 bra9s3 all ! city kn[s x4 ,hone/ wom5 live 9 retirem5t2 ! k+'s mi/resses =m ! subject ( g5]al conv]sation4 ,crime & bas5ess hide !mselves2 b up to ! limits ( :at ! _w calls infamy1 evil delights 9 putt+ itself =w>d1 because clat & noise supply ! means ( dead5+ ! consci5ce2 :ile1 z reg>ds ! gr& in/9cts ( *>ity1 x has be5 well said t--! obscure acts ( devot$ness are ! mo/ magnific5t4 ,! poor & wret*$ %$ te>s 9 obscurity ov] b5efits done secretly1 :ile folly loves to display its glitt]+ spangles1 & %akes its bells 9 ! public squ>es4 ,!re is 9 ea* "o ( u m evil ?an we ?9k2 b !re is 9 ! _w m good ?an is commonly kn[n4 ,!re are conceal$ virtues :i* only %[ !mselves to ! eye ( ! fai? :i* looks = !m1 & ( ! att5tion :i* discov]s !m4 ,be?9k y1 especially1 h[ ! laws ( morality set at defiance appe> aga9 triumphant 9 ! sorr[s ( rep5tance2 ^? laws h _! h\r1 & t h\r is usually a sil5t "o4 ,let a poet ( g5ius defile 8 works by ! impure traces ( a life sp5t 9 dissipation1 & 8 br[ %all %9e 9 ! sight ( all ) ! tw(old spl5dor ( success & ( sc&al4 ,b if1 /ret*$ on a b$ ( pa91 he r5d]s a t>dy b s9c]e homage to ! law :i* he has violat$1 to ! tru? :i* he has ignor$1 8 voice w (t5 be conf9$ to ! sick *amb]2 8 companions 9 debau*]y & infidelity w m\nt gu>d p]haps ar\nd 8 dwell+1 9 ord] to prev5t ! public f le>n+ t _! fri5d is a default]4 ,! ball & ! !atre make a noise & attract obs]vation2 b m5 turn _! eyes f hospitals1 ^? abodes 9 :i*1 9 ! sil5ce ( sickness1 or amid/ ! dull cries ( pa91 !re g]m9ate s _m se$s ( immortality4 ,yes1 ,sirs1 evil is m app>5t ?an good4 ,! violations ( ! div9e law h m clat ?an p5it5ce4 ,& :at is ! consequ5ce8 ,! man :o ab&ons himself to ! spectacle ( ! _w1 & :o takes t spectacle = ! rule ( 8 ?\ghts1 w see ! _w "u a false aspect1 &1 9 8 e/imation1 evil w h m advantage ov] good ?an x has 9 reality4 ,x w appe> to him altoge!r dom9ant1 & w !nce=w>d become 8 rule4 ,f ! glorification ( success1 we pass$ to ! glorification ( fact2 f ! glorification ( fact1 we arrive at la/ at ! glorification ( evil4 ,we h se5 h[ is illu/rat$ ! morality ( victory4 ,9 ! same curr5t ( ideas1 a book fam\s n[-a-days1 & q full ( outrages to ! consci5ce1 supplies u ) illu/rations ( ! morality ( falsehood4 ,m4 ,erne/ ,r5an1 9 8 explanation ( ,*ri/ianity1 has appli$1 po9t aft] po9t1 ! !ory :i* ,i h j set =? to y4 ,9 ord] to e/imate ! gr& movem5ts ( ! human m9d1 he frees himself f ! vulg> prejudices :i* make up ! ord9>y morals1 & ab&ons himself to ! impression ( ! spectacle :i* he contemplates4 ,jesus _h a success )\t p>allel4 ,?is success 0 bas$ on *>latanism2 & x is habitually s4 ,to lead ! nations by deceiv+ !m is ! lesson ( hi/ory1 & ! good rule to foll[4 ,we f9d falsehood =tunate z matt] ( fact1 we expla9 x1 we approve x4 ,:i!r !n are we b\nd1 "u ! guidance ( mod]n sci5ce8 ,an irresi/ible curr5t is draw+ u on1 & caus+ u to leave ! morals ( ,phil9! 9 our re>4 ,we are com+ to ^? :i* ,rac9e has engrav5 9 immortal traits 9 ! p]son ( ,ma?an4 ,:5 once consci5ce is put aside1 all means are good 9 ord] to succe$2 & ! exp]i5ce ( ! _w tea*es u t1 to succe$1 ! wor/ means are (t5 ! be/4 ,x is n only at ! !atre t su* lessons are receiv$2 !y come out b too commonly f ! ord9>y deal+s ( life4 ,set a "y man face to face ) ! _w z x exhibits itself1 & tell him to give himself up to :at he sees1 to let himself be fa%ion$ by life4 ,he w soon come to "k t /rict probity is a virtue ( ! old5 times1 *a/ity a fanta/ic excell5ce1 & consci5ti\s scruples an honorable simplicity4 ,evil w become 9 8 eyes ! ord9>y rule ( life4 ,:5 ! sociali/ ,pr\dhon wrote t celebrat$ s5t5ce1 ,prop]ty is robb]y1 !re arose an imm5se outcry4 ,ought !re n to arise a l\d] outcry ar\nd a !ory :i* arrives by a fatal necessity at ?is consequ5ce3 ,evil is good8 ,b d ^! doctr9es ex]cise any influ5ce = ! p]v]sion ( public morals8 ,mu*2 _! influ5ce is disa/r\s4 ,& d ! m5 :o pr(ess !m believe !m1 tak+ ! ^w 'believe' 9 its real & deep mean+8 ,no2 !y (t5 d mis*ief :i* !y d n mean to d1 & d n see t !y d4 ,!y are intoxicat$ ) a bad philosophy1 & intoxication r5d]s bl9d4 ,x is easy to prove t ^! optimi/s1 :o 9 !ory f9d t ev]y?+ is "r1 are p]petually contradict+ !mselves 9 practice4 ,address y\rselves to "o ( !m1 & say to him3 ,y\r doctr9e is big ) immorality4 ,y d n y\rself believe x2 & :5 y pret5d to believe x1 y lie4 ,?is man :o tol]ates ev]y?+ w n tol]ate y\r fre$om ( spee*4 ,he w get angry1 &1 accord+ to ! old doctr9es1 he w h ! "r to be s1 = insult is an evil4 ,!n say to him3 ,"h y are1 x seems to me1 9 contradiction ) y\r sy/em4 ,ev]y?+ is "r2 ! vivacity ( my spee* !re=e is good4 ,all t is has ! "r to be2 my indignation is !re=e a legitimate fact1 & x appe>s to me t y\rs _c be s unless y all[ 7an admission :i* w\ld be contr>y to y\r sy/em7 t m9e is n s4 ,if y h to d ) a s5sible man1 he w beg9 to laugh4 ,if y h met ) a blockhead1 he w be m angry ?an ev]4 ,?is contradiction comes out 9 e page1 & 9 a m s]i\s mann]1 9 ! writ+s ( our optimi/s4 ,"o _c read !m ) att5tion1 )\t meet+ incessantly ) ! prote/ ( _! moral nature aga9/ ! despotism ( a false mode ( reason+4 ,! man is at e mom5t mak+ himself he>d1 ! man :o has a he>t1 a consci5ce1 a reason1 & :o contradicts ! philosoph] )\t be+ aw>e ( x4 ,contradictions ^!1 honorable to ! writ]1 b dang]\s = ! read]1 because !y s]ve to inve/ ) brilliant colors doctr9es :i* 9 !mselves are hide\s4 ,no1 ,g5tlem51 x is impossible to succe$ 9 ador+ humanity1 pres]v+ ! :ile ! lea/ consi/5cy ( reason+4 ,9 va9 m5 wi% to accept ev]y?+1 to tol]ate ev]y?+2 9 va9 !y wi% to impose sil5ce on ! inn] voice3 t voice rebels aga9/ ! outrage1 & its revolt decl>es itself 9 ! mo/ manife/ contradictions4 ,! ,humanity-,god is divid$1 & ! affirmation-- ,ev]y?+ is "r--w cont9ue false z long z !re %all be ^u ! e>? a s+le consci5ce unsil5c$1 z long z !re %all be 9 a s+le he>t 4 4 4 4 4 t mighty hate ,:i* 9 pure s\ls vice ev] mu/ create2#aec t hatr$ :i* is no?+ else ?an ! indirect manife/ation ( ! sacr$ love ( goodness4 ,! doctr9e t all is equally good1 equally div9e1 9 ! developm5t ( humanity1 expla9s no?+1 because humanity1 torn by a pr(\nd /ruggle1 condemns its own acts1 & prote/s aga9/ its degradations4 ,x cries al\d to itself t !re are pr9ciples above facts1 a moral law sup]ior to ! acts ( ! w2 & all ! petty clamors ( a deceitful & deceiv$ philosophy _c /ifle t cle> voice4 ,n only d ^! doctr9es expla9 no?+1 !y d n ev5 succe$ 9 express+ !mselves2 language fails !m4 ,ev]y?+ is "r & good4 ,:at w ^! words mean1 f ! "t !re is no long] any rule ( "r8 ,h[ is x possible to approve1 :5 we h no p[] to blame8 ,! idea ( good implies ! idea ( evil2 ! opposition ( good & evil supposes a /&>d appli$ to ?+s1 a law sup]ior to fact4 ,he :o approves ( ev]y?+ may j z well despise ev]y?+4 ,b contempt itself has no long] any mean+1 if e/eem is a ^w void ( signification4 ,we mu/ say simply t all is z x is1 & ab&on ^? t]ms ( spee* :i* consci5ce has /amp$ ) its own sup]scription4 ,we mu/ purify ! diction>y1 & consign to ! hi/ory ( obsolete expressions su* t]ms z good1 evil1 e/eem1 contempt1 vice1 virtue1 honor1 infamy1 & ! l4 ,! doctr9e :i*1 to be consi/5t ) itself1 ought to r$uce u to a k9d ( /upid indiff]5ce1 does su* viol5ce to human nature t its advocates are incapable ( enunciat+ x )\t contradict+ !mselves by ! v words !y make use (4 ,all ^! extravagances are ! inevitable consequ5ce ( ! adoration ( humanity4 ,! ,humanity-,god has no rule sup]ior to itself4 ,:atev] x does mu/ be put on record m]ely1 & n judg$3 x is ! immolation ( ! consci5ce4 ,b on :at alt> %all we /ret* ?is great victim8 ,%all we sacrifice x to pure reason1 to reason dis5gag$ f all prejudice8 ,all[ me to claim y\r att5tion yet a few m9utes long]4 ,! ,humanity-,god 9 all its acts escapes ! judgm5t ( ! consci5ce4 ,:at measure %all we be able to apply to its ?\ghts8 ,none4 ,! ,god :i* _c d evil1 _c be mi/ak5 ei!r4 ,= ! mod]n savant all is true1 = exactly ! same reason t all is "r4 ,! human m9d unfolds itself 9 all directions2 all ^! unfold+s are legitimate2 all are to be accept$ equally by a m9d truly emancipat$4 ,furni%$ ) ?is rule1 ,i make progress 9 ! hi/ory ( philosophy4 ,! ,greek ,democritus affirms t ! univ]se is only an inf9ite numb] ( atoms mov+ z *ance directs 9 ! imm5sity ( space3 ,i record ) v5]ation ?is unfold+ ( ! human m9d4 ,! ,greek ,plato affirms t tru?1 beauty1 good1 l ?ree et]nal rays1 p5etrate ! univ]se & con/itute ! only v]itable realities3 ,i record ) equal v5]ation ?is o!r unfold+ ( ! human m9d4 ,i pass to mod]n times4 ,desc>tes tells me t ?\ght is ! ess5ce ( man1 & t reason alone is ! organ ( tru?4 ,helvetius tells me t man is a mass ( organiz$ matt] :i* receives its ideas only f ! s5ses4 ,^! two !ses are equally legitimate1 & ,i admit !m bo?4 ,i quit n[ philosoph]s by pr(ession to address myself to ^? lit]>y j\rnali/s :o deal out philosophy 9 crumbs = ! use ( feuilletons & reviews4 ,!re ,i f9d all possible notions 9 ! mo/ a/\nd+ ( jumbles4 ,! villa9 has 8 apologi/2 ! good man 8 calumniator4444 ,m>riage is honorable1 s is adult]y4 ,ord] is prea*$ up1 s is riot1 s is assass9ation1 provid$ x be politic4#aed ,i contemplate ) a calm satisfaction1 ) a v deep & v pure pleasure1 ^! v>i\s unfold+s ( ! human m9d2 ,i place !m all1 ) ! same feel+s ( devotion1 9 ! pan!on ( ! intellig5ce4 ,i _c d o!rwise1 inasmu* z !re is no rule ( tru? sup]ior to ! ?\ghts ( m51 & because ! human m9d is ! supreme1 univ]sal1 & infallible intellig5ce4 ,b w our m9d be able to ent]ta9 toge!r two directly opposite ass]tions8 ,w contradiction no long] be ! sign ( error8 ,we mu/ come to ?is2 we mu/ ackn[l$ge t ! mod]n m9d1 break+ ) sup]annuat$ traditions1 has proclaim$ ! pr9ciple t "o ass]tion is n m true ?an an opposite ass]tion4 ,we mu/ proclaim t ! ?9k] has n to disquiet himself ab\t ! real contradictions into :i* he may fall2 & t a true philosoph] has absolutely no?+ to d ) consi/5cy4#aee ,! fe> ( self-contradiction may be excus$ 9 ,ari/otle & ,plato1 9 ,/4 ,anselm & ,/4 ,?omas1 9 ,desc>tes & ,leibnitz4 ,^! writ]s 7 /ill wrapp$ 9 ! swaddl+ clo!s ( old errors2 ! light ( ! n9ete5? c5tury _h n %one ^u _! cradles2 b ! epo* ( enfran*isem5t is come4 ,^! ?+s1 ,g5tlem51 are pr9t$ n[-a-days2 !y are pr9t$ at ,p>is1 "o ( ! metropolises ( ?\ght6 ,m>k well :]eab\ts we are4 ,we mu/ admit--:at8 t all is true4 ,b1 if all is true1 !re is no?+ true1 j z if all is good1 !re is no?+ good4 ,!re are ?\ghts 9 m5's heads2 to make hi/ory ( !m is an agreeable pa/ime2 b !re is no tru?4 ,we mu/ n say t two contradictory propositions are equally true2 t w\ld be to make use ( ! old notion ( tru?2 we mu/ say t !y are1 & t is all ab\t x4 ,! night is approa*+1 ! sun ( intellig5ce is s9k+ t[>ds ! horizon1 & ?ick vapors are obscur+ its sett+4 ,b wait6 ,if ! ,humanity-,god is always "r1 x mu/ be t two contradictory propositions c be true at ! same "t1 s9ce contradictions ab\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( human ?\ghts4 ,if two contradictory propositions c be true1 !re is no m tru?4 ,:at !n is our reason1 ( :i* tru? is ! object8 ,we are seiz$ ) gidd9ess4 ,might n ev]y?+ 9 ! _w be illusion8 & myself--8 ,li/5 to a voice :i* rea*es u1 across ! ages1 f ! c\ntries cr[n$ by ! ,himalayas4 ,no?+ exi/s4444 ,by ! /udy ( fir/ pr9ciples1 "o acquires ?is k1 absolute1 inconte/able1 compreh5sible to ! intellig5ce alone3 ,i nei!r am1 nor does any?+ :i* is m9e1 nor d ,i myself1 exi/4#aef ,:at is !re b5ea? ^! /range l9es8 ,! feel+ ( gidd9ess1 :i* seeks to /eady itself by language4 ,"h is n[ ! mod]n e*o ( ^! anci5t words4 ,"o ( ^? writ]s :o accept all1 9 ! hope ( und]/&+ all1 describes himself z hav+ come at la/ to be aw>e t he is only "o ( ! mo/ fugitive illusions 9 ! bosom ( ! inf9ite illusion4 ,"o ( 8 colleagues expresses himself on ?is subject z foll[s3 ,is ?is ! la/ ^w ( all8--,& :y n8--,! illusion :i* kn[s itself--is x 9 fact an illusion8 ,does x n 9 "s sort triumph ov] itself8 ,does x n atta9 to ! sov]eign reality1 t ( ! ?\ght :i* ?9ks itself1 t ( ! dream :i* kn[s itself a dream1 t ( no?+ness :i* ceases to be s1 9 ord] to recognize itself & to ass]t itself8#aeg ,we are gone back to anci5t ,india4 ,y w rem>k "h ?ree /ages ( ?\ght4 ,! fugitive illusion is man4 ,! inf9ite illusion is ! univ]se4 ,! univ]sal pr9ciple ( ! appe>ances :i* compose ! univ]se is no?+ness4 ,"h is ! explanation ( ! univ]se6 ,no?+ness takes life2 no?+ness takes life only to "k itself to be no?+ness2 & ! no?+ness :i* says to itself1 ,i am no?+ness1 is ! reason ( exi/5ce ( all t is4 ,i said j n[ t ! sun 0 decl9+ to ! horizon4 ,n[ ! la/ glimm] ( twilight has disappe>$2 night has clos$ 9--a d>k & />less night4 ,yes1 ,sirs1 b !re is nev] on ! e>? a night s d>k z to w>rant u 9 despair+ ( ! return ( ! dawn4 ,if ! mod]n m9d is su* z x is describ$ to u1 x has lo/ all ! rays ( light2 b ! sun is n dead4 ,! doctr9e ( non-exi/5ce & ( illusion is entirely incompreh5sible1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* to compreh5d signifies to h a cle> idea1 & "o capable ( be+ directly appreh5d$4 ,b1 if "o foll[s ! *a9 ( ideas z logically unroll$1 9 ! way t a ma!matician foll[s ! trans=mations ( an algebraical =mula1 )\t consid]+ its real cont5ts1 x is easy to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ?is !ory4 ,if ! human m9d has no rule sup]ior to itself1 if x is ! absolute m9d1 ,god1 all its ?\ghts are equally true1 s9ce we _c po9t out error )\t hav+ rec\rse to a rule ( tru?4 ,if all doctr9es are equally true1 propositions directly & absolutely contradictory are equally true4 ,if all is true1 !re is no tru?2 = tru? is n conceiv$ except 9 opposition to at lea/ possible error4 ,if !re is no tru?1 ! human reason1 :i* seeks tru? by a natural impulse belong+ to its v ess5ce1 z ! magnetiz$ ne$le seeks ! pole1--reason1 ,i say1 is a *im]a4 ,! tru? :i* reason seeks is an exact relation ( human ?\ght to ! reality ( ! _w4 ,if ! se>* = ?is relation is *im]ical1 ! two t]ms1 m9d1 & ! _w1 may be illusions4 ,a fugitive illusion 9 pres5ce ( an inf9ite illusion3 !re is all4 ,y see t ^! ?\ghts hang toge!r ) rigor\s precision4 ,! d>kness is becom+ visible to u1 or1 9 o!r words1 we are acquir+ a p]fect und]/&+ ( ! orig9 & developm5ts ( ! absurdity4 ,put ,god aside1 ! law ( our w1 ! w>rant ( our ?\ght2 deify human nature2 & a fatal curr5t w run y agr\nd twice ov]--on ! %ores ( moral absurdity1 & on ^? ( intellectual absurdity4 ,^! sad %ipwrecks are set be=e our eyes 9 /rik+ examples2 x has be5 easy to indicate _! cause4 ,! consid]ation ( ! beautiful w\ld give occasion to analog\s obs]vations4 ,! human m9d becom+ ! object ( our adoration1 we mu/ give up judg+ x 9 e p>ticul>1 & suppress ! rules ( ! ideal 9 art1 z ^? ( morals 9 ! conduct1 & tru? 9 ! intellect4 ,we mu/ =m a sy/em ( /hetics :i* accepts all1 & f9ds equally legitimate :atev] af=ds recreation to ! ,humanity-,god1 9 ! great v>iety ( its ta/es4 ,!n high aspirations are ext+ui%$1 ! beautiful gives place to ! agreeable2 & s9ce ! ugly & mis%ap5 please a vici\s ta/e1 room mu/ be made = ! ugly 9 ! ,pan!on ( beauty4 ,art despoil$ ( its cr[n becomes ! sad1 & (t5 ! ignoble slave ( ! ta/es & caprices ( ! public4 ,i d n insi/ fur!r4 ,! pret5sion ( ! wor%ipp]s ( humanity is to make _! consci5ce wide en\gh to accept all1 & to h _! intellect broad en\gh to und]/& all4 ,!y expla9 all1 except ^! ?ree small p>ticul>s--! consci5ce1 ! he>t1 & ! reason4 ,goodness & tru? av5ge !mselves 9 ! end = ! long contempt ca/ ^u !m2 & ! fir/ puni%m5t ^? suff] :o accept all1 9 ! hope ( und]/&+ all1 is no long] to und]/& :at con/itutes ! life ( humanity4 ,let u n1 ,sirs1 be sett+ up alt>s to ! human m9d2 = an adult]\s inc5se /upefies x1 & ends by de/roy+ x4 ,man is great1 he is sublime1 ) immortal hope 9 8 he>t1 & ! div9e aureole ar\nd 8 br[2 b t he may pres]ve 8 greatness1 let u leave him 9 8 prop] place4 ,let u leave to him ! /ruggles :i* make 8 glory1 t condemnation ( 8 own mis]ies :i* does him honor1 ! te>s %$ ov] 8 faults :i* are ! mo/ unexceptionable te/imony to 8 dignity4 ,let u leave him te>s1 rep5tance1 conflict1 & hope2 b let u n deify him2 =1 no soon] %all he h said1 ,i am ,god1 ?an1 depriv$ t in/ant ( all 8 bless+s1 he %all f9d himself nak$ & spoil$4 ,be=e !y deifi$ man1 ! pagans at lea/ transfigur$ him by plac+ him 9 ,olympus4 ,at ?is day1 x is humanity z x is ^u e>? t is propos$ to our adoration1 humanity ) its pr(\nd mis]ies & its fe>ful defilem5ts4 ,!y seek to ?r[ a veil ov] ! mad audacity ( ?is attempt1 by tell+ u ( ! progress :i* is to br+ ab\t1 by little & little1 ! realization ( our div9ity4 ,b1 alas6 our hi/ory is long already1 & no reasonable induction ju/ifies ! vague hopes ( heat$ imag9ations4 ,great progress is be+ effect$1 b none :i* gives any promise t ! pr(\nd ne$s ( our nature c ev] be satisfi$ 9 ?is life4 ,*>ity has appe>$ on ! e>?2 b !re are /ill poor among/ u1 & x seems t !re always w be4 ,a brea? ( ju/ice & humanity has p5etrat$ social in/itutions2 /ill politics h n become ! doma9 ( p]fect tru? & ( absolute ju/ice1 & !re seems small likelihood t !y ev] w4 ,indu/ry has giv5 bir? to m>vels2 we dev\r space 9 ^! days1 b we %all nev] g s fa/ t suff]+ & dea? w n succe$ 9 ov]tak+ u4 ,! great s\rces ( grief are n dri$ up2 ! song ( our poets causes /ill ! *ords ( sorr[ to vibrate z 9 ! days ( yore4 ,progress is be+ accompli%$1 sure witness ( a b5efic5t ,h& :i* is guid+ humanity 9 its de/9ies2 b ev]y?+ tells u t ! soil ( our planet w be always /eep$ 9 te>s1 t ! atmosph]e :i* envelops u w always res\nd ) ! vibrations ( sorr[4 ,f> z our view c /ret* itself1 we =esee a suff]+ humanity1 :i* w n be able to f9d peace1 joy1 & hope1 except 9 ! expectation ( new heav5s & a new e>?1 :]e9 dwelle? righte\sness4 ,if !re be no ,god above humanity1 no et]nity above "t1 no div9e _w high] ?an our pres5t place ( soj\rn2 if our pr(\nde/ desires are to be = ev] deceiv$2 if ! cries we raise to heav5 are nev] to be he>d2 if all our hope is a future 9 :i* we %all be no m2 if humanity z we "k x is ! p]fection ( ! univ]se2 if all ?is is s1 !n inde$ ! answ] to ! univ]sal enigma is illusion & falsehood4 ,!n1 be=e ! mon/] ( de/9y :i* br+s u into be+ only to de/roy u1 :i* creates 9 our brea/ ! desire ( happ9ess only to d]ide our mis]ies2 9 view ( t />ry vault :i* speaks to u ( ! inf9ite1 :ile yet !re is no inf9ite2 9 pres5ce ( t ly+ nature :i* adorns itself ) a ?\s& symbols ( immortality1 :ile yet !re is no immortality2 9 pres5ce ( all ^! deceptions1 man may be all[$ to curse ! day ( 8 bir?1 or to ab&on himself to ! intoxication ( ?\ghtless pleasure4 ,b1 a secret in/9ct tells u t wret*$ness is a disord]1 & ?\ghtless pleasure a degradation4 ,let u h confid5ce 9 ?is deep utt]ance ( our nature4 ,good1 tru?1 beauty desc5d z rays ( /ream+ light into ! %ad[s ( our exi/5ce2 let u foll[ !m ) ! eye ( fai? to ! div9e focus f :5ce !y proce$4 ,all is fleet+1 all is disappe>+ incessantly b5ea? our /eps2 b our s\l is n /agg]$ at ?is swift lapse ( all ?+s1 only because %e c>ries 9 h]self ! pl$ges ( a *angeless et]nity4 ,! ephem]al spectator ( an et]nal spectacle1 man raises = a mom5t 8 eyes to heav51 & closes !m aga9 = ev]2 b dur+ ! fleet+ in/ant :i* is grant$ to him1 f all po9ts ( ! sky & f ! b\nds ( ! univ]se1 sets =? f e _w a consol+ ray & /rikes 8 upw>d gaze1 ann\nc+ to him t betwe5 t measureless space & himself !re exi/s a close relation1 & t he is alli$ to et]nity4#aeh ,& are ^! sublime press5tim5ts only dreams aft] all8 ,dreams6 ,"k y n t our dreams create no?+1 & t !y are nev] any?+ else ?an confus$ rem9isc5ces & fanta/ic comb9ations ( ! realities ( our wak+ consci\sness8 ,:at !n is t my/]i\s wak+ dur+ :i* we h se5 ! et]nal1 ! inf9ite1 ! p]fection ( goodness1 ! fulness ( joy1 all ^? sublime images :i* come to haunt our _s dur+ ! dream ( life8 ,recollections ( our orig96 =e%ad[+s ( our de/9ies6 ,:ile !n all bel[ is transitory1 & is escap+ f u 9 a ceaseless flight1 let u ab&on ourselves )\t fe> to ^! in/9cts ( ! s\l-- ,z a bird1 if x light on a sprig too slight ,! fea!ry freight to be>1 ,yet1 consci\s ( w+s1 tosses fe>less1 & s+s1 ,!n drops--on ! buoyant air4#aei ,,footnotes3 #aca ,sy/me de la ,nature1 publi%$ "u ! pseudonyme ( ,mirabaud4 #acb ,sy/me de la ,nature1 ,"p ,i4 *ap4 #a4 #acc ,ibid4 ,"p ,,ii4 *ap4 #ad4 #acd ,vie de ,jsus4 ,d$ication4 #ace ,revue des ,deux ,mondes ( #ae ,janu>y1 #ahfj4 #acf ,plebeii philosophi qui a ,platone et ,socrate et ab e famili dissid5t4 #acg ,les philosophes franais du ,x,i,xe sicle1 *ap4 ,,xiv4 #ach ,hgel et l',hglianisme p> ,m4 ,ed4 ,s*r]4 #aci ,page #hed4 #adj ,page #heb4 #ada ,page #hef4 #adb ,isa4 xx4 #bj4 #adc ,essais de critique et d'hi/oire1 pp4 #h & #i4 #add ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 #ae ,feb4 #ahfa1 page #hee4 #ade ,page #hec4 #adf ,page #hed4 #adg ,revue des ,deux ,mondes ( ! #ae? ,feb4 #ahfa1 page #hed4 #adh ,introduction l'hi/oire de la philosophie4 ,neuvime leon4 #adi ,il rpondit1 baissant un oeil humide3 ,jamais ce nom n'attri/]a mes v]s4 #aej ,introduction l'hi/oire de la philosophie4 ,treizime leon4 #aea ,je pr5ds t\t d\cem5t les hommes comme ils sont1 ,j'acc\tume mon me s\ffrir ce qu'ils font4 #aeb ,nihil nefas duc]e1 hanc summam int] eos religionem esse4 7,tit4 ,liv4 lib4 xxxix4 c4 #ac47 #aec 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ces ha9es vig\reuses ,que doit donn] le vice aux mes v]tueuses4 #aed ,mlanges de ,tpff]4 ,de la mauvaise presse consid]e comme excell5te4 #aee ,revue des ,deux ,mondes ( #ae ,feb4 #ahfa1 page #hed4--;,etudes critiques sur la littrature contempora9e1 p> ,edmond ,s*]]1 page x4 et xi4 #aef ,sa'nkya--ka'rika'1 #fa & #fd4 ,! text #fa 9 :i* occur ! words ,no?+ exi/s is h>d to und]/&1 b !re appe>s to be no d\bt ( ! mean+ ( ,no4 #fd4 ,non sum1 non e/ meum1 nec sum ego4 #aeg ,etudes critiques sur la littrature contempora9e1 p> ,edmond ,s*]]4--,m4 ,sa9te-,beuve1 p4 #ced4 #aeh ,xavi] de ,mai/re4 #aei ,soyons comme l'oiseau pos p\r un in/ant ,sur des rameaux trop frles1 ,qui s5t ploy] la bran*e et qui *ante p\rtant1 ,sa*ant qu'il a des ailes4--,,victor ,,hugo4 ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,! ,,creator4 7,at ,g5eva1 #d? ,dec4 #ahfc4--;,at ,lausanne1 #bg? ,jan4 #ahfd47 ,,g5tlem51 ,man is n a simple product ( nature2 9 va9 does he labor to degrade himself by desir+ to f9d ! explanation ( 8 spiritual be+ 9 matt] br\ght gradually to p]fection4 ,man is n ! summit & pr9ciple ( ! univ]se2 9 va9 does he labor to deify himself4 ,he is great only by reason ( ! div9e rays :i* in=m 8 he>t1 8 consci5ce1 & 8 reason4 ,f ! mom5t t he believes himself to be ! s\rce ( light1 he passes into night4 ,:5 ?\ght has ris5 f nature up to man1 x mu/ ne$s fall aga91 if its impetus be n /rong en\gh to c>ry x on to ,god4 ,^! ass]tions d b translate ! great facts ( man's intellectual hi/ory4 ,!re is no nation s b>b>\s1 said ,cic]o1#afj !re are no m5 s savage z n to h "s t9cture ( religion4 ,_m !re are :o =m false notions ( ! gods2 444 b all admit ! exi/5ce ( a div9e p[] & nature4444 ,n[1 9 any matt] :atev]1 ! cons5t ( all nations is to be reckon$ a law ( nature4 ,no discov]y has dim9i%$ ! value ( ^! words ( ! ,roman orator4 ,9 ! mo/ degrad$ portions ( human society1 !re rema9s always "s ve/ige ( ! religi\s s5tim5t4 ,! k ( ! ,creator comes to u f ! ,*ri/ian tradition2 b ! idea1 m or less vague1 ( a div9e _w is f\nd :]ev] !re are m54 ,cic]o br+s =w>d ?is univ]sal cons5t z a v /rong pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( ! gods4 ,! support]s ( a!ism dispute ! value ( ?is argum5t4 ,!y say3 ,g5]al op9ion proves no?+4 ,h[ _m fabul\s leg5ds h be5 set up by ! common belief into hi/oric v]ities6 ,all mank9d believ$ = a long "t t ! sun revolv$ ab\t ! e>?4 ,tru? makes way 9 ! _w only by contradict+ op9ions g5]ally receiv$4 ,! fai? ( ! great] numb] is r a m>k ( error ?an a sign ( tru?4 ,?is objection re/s ^u a confusion ( ideas4 ,humanity has no te/imony to r5d] ^u sci5tific que/ions1 ! solution ( :i* is res]v$ = pati5t /udy2 b humanity be>s witness to its own nature4 ,! univ]sality ( religion proves t ! se>* aft] ! div9e is1 z said ! ,roman orator1 a law ( nature4 ,:5 !re=e we rise f matt] to man1 & f man to ,god1 we are n go+ 9 an arbitr>y road1 b are advanc+ accord+ to ! law ( nature asc]ta9$ by ! te/imony ( humanity4 ,x ne$s a m9d at once v d>+ & v frivol\s n to feel ! importance ( ?is consid]ation4 ,9 our days a!ism is be+ reviv$4 ,9 go+ ov] 9 y\r memory ! symptoms ( ?is revival1 z we h po9t$ !m out to y1 y w p]ceive t ! direct & primitive negation ( ,god is comp>atively r>e2 b t :at is frequ5tly attempt$ is1 if ,i may v5ture s to speak1 to effect ! subtraction ( ,god4 ,any religi\s !ory :atev] is put aside z inadmissible1 & ) "s su* rem>ks z ^!3 ,h[ is x t real sci5ces are =m$8 ,by obs]vation on ! "o h&1 & by reason+ on ! o!r4 ,by obs]vation1 & reason+ appli$ to obs]vation1 we obta9 ! sci5ce ( nature & ! sci5ce ( humanity4 ,b d we wi% to rise above nature & humanity8 ,we fail ( all basis ( obs]vation2 & reason works 9 a vacuum4 ,!re is !re=e no possible way ( rea*+ to ,god4 ,is ,god an object ( exp]i5ce8 ,no4 ,c ,god be demon/rat$ priori by syllogisms8 ,no4 ,! idea ( ,god !re=e _c be e/abli%$1 z answ]+ to a reality1 ei!r by ! way ( exp]i5ce or by ! way ( reason+2 x is a m]e hypo!sis4 ,we d n1 h[ev]1 x is add$1 9 our view ( ! matt]1 pret5d 7,heav5 =bid67 to exclude ! s5tim5t ( ! ,div9e f ! s\l1 nor ! ^w ,god f f9e poetry4 ,we accept religi\s ?\ghts z dreams full ( *>m4 ,b is x a "q ( reality8 !n ,god is an hypo!sis1 & hypo!sis has no admission into ! sci5ce ( realities4 ,^! ideas place ^? :o accept !m 9 a position :i* is n )\t its advantages4 ,:5 a man ( practical m9d says ) a smile1 ,d y happ5 to believe 9 ,god8 "o may reply to him1 smil+ 9 turn1 ,h ,i said t ,god is a real ,be+8 ,& if a religi\s man asks1 ,are y fall+ !n into a!ism8 "o may assume an indignant tone1 & say3 ,we h nev] d5i$ ,god3 :oev] says we h is a sl&]]6 ,s ,god rema9s1 = ! necessities ( poetry & art4 ,b z we _c "k ei!r :at ,he is1 or :e!r ,he is1 real life goes on 9 complete & entire indep5d5ce ( ,him4 ,! tak+ up ( ?is position ) reg>d to religion may1 9 c]ta9 cases1 be a lit]>y artifice4 ,9 o!r cases x is s]i\sly done4 ,!re are c]ta9 natures ( extreme delicacy1 :i*1 t\*$ by ! brea? ( mod]n scepticism1 h lo/ all positive fai?2 b _! bett] aspirations1 & an in/9ctive love ( purity1 gu>d & direct !m1 9 ! abs5ce ( all belief1 & !y d n d5y t :i* !y believe no long]4 ,su* a m9d is 9 an exceptional position4 ,is x y\rs8 & w\ld y pres]ve x8 ,keep a solit>y pa?1 & d n seek to communicate y\r ideas to o!rs4 ,contact ) ! public1 & su* an unfold+ ev5 ( y\r own ?\ghts z w\ld be requir$ 9 c>ry+ on a "w ( proselytism1 w\ld place y "u ! empire ( ^? laws :i* gov]n ! human m9d 9 ^! matt]s4 ,n[ :at are ^! laws8 ,a poet has already answ]$ = u ?is "q3 ,en prs5ce du ,ciel1 il faut croire ou ni]4#afa ,a fam\s writ] exp&s ! same ?\ght z foll[s3 ,d\bt ab\t ?+s :i* x highly conc]ns u to "k1 says ,jean-,jacques ,r\sseau1 is a condition :i* does too great viol5ce to ! human m9d2 nor does x long be> up aga9/ x1 b 9 spite ( itself comes to a decision "o way or ano!r1 & likes bett] to be mi/ak5 ?an to believe no?+4#afb ,su* is ! law4 ,we h met ) ! pret5sion to ma9ta9 ! m9d indep5d5t ( ,god1 )\t ei!r d5y+ or ass]t+ ,8 exi/5ce1 & we h se5 h[ completely ?is pret5sion fails 9 ! pres5ce ( facts4 ,! sceptic makes va9 ef=ts to cont9ue 9 a /ate ( d\bt1 b ! gr\nd fails him1 & he slips into negation3 he affirms t humanity has be5 mi/ak51 & t ,god is n4 ,b nei!r does ?is negation succe$ any ! m 9 keep+ its gr\nd2 x /rikes too viol5tly aga9/ all ! in/9cts ( our nature4 ,! human m9d is "u an imp]i\s necessity to wor%ip some?+2 if ,god fails x1 x sets itself to adore nature or humanity2 a!ism is trans=m$ into idolatry4 ,recollect ! de/9ies ( ! critical s*ool & ( ! positive philosophy6 ,let u n[ exam9e1 ) s]i\s att5tion1 t attempt to elim9ate ,god :i* is ! />t+-po9t 9 ?is c\rse along :i* ! m9d is hurri$ s fatally4 ,god is n1 ,i grant1 an object ( exp]i5ce4 ,i grant x at lea/ 9 ?is s5se1 t ,god is n an object ( s5sible exp]i5ce4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ,god 7if ,i may be all[$ ! expression71 ! feel+ ( ,8 action ^u ! s\l1 is n a ph5om5on op5 to ! obs]vation ( all1 & ap>t f det]m9$ spiritual conditions4 ,9 ord] to be s5sible ( ! action ( ,god1 we mu/ draw ne> to ,him4 ,9 ord] to draw ne> to ,him1 we mu/1 if n believe ) firm fai? 9 ,8 exi/5ce1 at lea/ n d5y ,him4 ,! captives ( ,plato's cav]n c h no exp]i5ce ( light1 s long z !y heap _! raill]y on ^? :o speak to !m ( ! sun4 ,i grant aga9 t ,god _c possibly be ! object ( a demon/ration su* z ! sci5ce ( geometry requires2 ,i grant x fully1 ,i h already said s4 ,e man :o reasons1 affirms ,god 9 "o s5se2 & ! f\ndation ( all reason+ _c be ! conclusion ( a demon/ration4 ,god !re=e1 9 ! view ( sci5ce =m$ accord+ to our ord9>y me?ods1 is1 ,i grant1 an hypo!sis4 ,& "h1 ,g5tlem51 all[ me a pass+ ^w ( explanation4 ,:5 ,i say t ,god is an hypo!sis1 ,i run ! risk ( excit+1 9 _m ( y1 feel+s ( a/oni%m5t n unmix$ ) pa94 ,b ,i mu/ beg y to rememb] ! nature ( ^! lectures4 ,we are "h f> f ! calm retirem5t ( ! sanctu>y1 & f su* words ( solemn exhortation z fl[ f ! lips ( ! religi\s tea*]4 ,i h introduc$ y to ! ard5t conflicts ( contempor>y ?\ght1 & into ! mid/ ( ! clamors ( ! s*ools4 ,! s\l :i* is seek+ to hold communion ) ,god1 & s f _! f\nta9-head to be fill$ ) /r5g? & joy1 has some?+ bett] to d ?an to be li/5+ to su* disc\rses z ^!4 ,solitude1 pray]1 a calm activity pursu$ "u ! guidance ( ! consci5ce1--^! are ! be/ pa?s = su* a s\l1 & ! discussions 9 :i* we are n[ engag$ are n p]haps altoge!r free f dang] = "o :o has rema9$ hi!rto undi/urb$ 9 ! fir/ simplicity ( 8 fai?4 ,b we are n ma/]s ( our own ways1 & ! circum/ances ( ! pres5t times impose ^u u special duties4 ,! b>ri]s :i* sep>ate ! s*ool & ! _w are ev]y:]e ?r[n d[n4 ,ev]y:]e %r$s ( philosophy1 & v (t5 ( bad philosophy1--scatt]$ fragm5ts ( !ological sci5ce1 & v (t5 ( a deplorable !ological sci5ce1--are ins9uat+ !mselves into ! curr5t lit]ature4 ,!re is n a lit]>y review1 !re is sc>cely a political j\rnal1 :i* does n speak on occasion1 or )\t occasion1 ( ! problems relat+ to our et]nal int]e/s4 ,! mo/ sacr$ beliefs are attack$ e day 9 ! organs ( public op9ion4 ,at su* a juncture1 c m5 :o pres]ve fai? 9 _! own s\l rema9 l dumb dogs1 or keep !mselves %ut up 9 ! n>r[ limits ( ! s*ools8 ,assur$ly n4 ,we mu/ desc5d to ! common gr\nd1 & fight ) equal weapons ! great battles ( ?\ght4 ,= ?is purpose x is necess>y to make use ( t]ms :i* may al>m "s consci5ces1 & to /ate que/ions :i* run ! risk ( />tl+ s9c]ely religi\s p]sons4 ,b !re is no help = x1 if we are to combat ! adv]s>ies on _! own gr\nd2 & because x is ?us only t1 :ile we />tle a few1 we c prove to all t ! torr5t ( negations is b a pass+ ru% ( wat]s1 :i*1 fret z !y may 9 _! *annel1 %all be f\nd to h left n s mu* z a trace ( _! passage ^u ! ,rock ( ,ages4 ,i n[ !re=e resume my c\rse ( argum5t4 ,god is nei!r an object ( exp]i5ce1 nor yet ( demon/ration prop]ly s call$4 ,9 ! view ( sci5ce1 z x is commonly und]/ood1 ( sci5ce :i* foll[s out ! *a9 ( its d$uctions1 )\t giv+ att5tion to ! v f\ndations ( all ! "w ( ! reason1--,god1 t *ief ( all realities = a believ+ he>t1 t exp]i5ce ( e h\r1 t evid5ce sup]ior to all pro(1 ,god is an hypo!sis4 ,i grant x4 ,h5ce x is inf]r$ t ,god has no place 9 sci5ce1 = t hypo!sis has no place 9 a sci5ce wor?y ( ! "n4 ,b ?is ,i d5y2 & 9 support ( ?is d5ial ,i proce$ to %[ t ! hypo!sis :i* x is pret5d$ to get quit (1 is ! g5]at+ pr9ciple ( all human k4 ,:5ce does sci5ce proce$8 ,does x result f m]e exp]i5ce8 ,no4 ,:at does exp]i5ce tea* u :5 q alone8 ,no?+4 ,exp]i5ce1 sep>at$ f all elem5t ( reason1 only reveals to u our own s5sations4 ,?is1 a ,scot* philosoph]1 ,hume1 has prov$ to demon/ration1--a demon/ration :i* con/itutes 8 glory4 ,x is easy1 )\t hav+ ev5 a smatt]+ ( philosophy1 to und]/& q well t sci5ce is =m$ by ?\ght4 ,n[1 if we did n possess ! faculty ( ?9k+1 x w\ld n be giv5 to u by exp]i5ce4 ,?\ght does n ent] by ! eye or ! e>4 ,imag9e a liv+ body n possess$ ( reason3 its eye w reflect objects l a mirror1 its tympanum w vibrate to ! undulations ( ! air2 b x w h no ?\ghts1 & w "k no?+4 ,is sci5ce =m$ by pure reason8 ,no4 ,no "o c say :at pure reason is1 = ! ex]cise ( our ?\ght is connect$ indissolubly ) exp]i5ce4 ,b1 )\t paus+ at ?is consid]ation1 let u ask :at pure reason c d1 if depriv$ ( all objects ( exp]i5ce8 ,"o ?+ only1 namely1 take cognizance ( itself4 ,n[ ! reason1 9 tak+ cognizance ( itself1 only creates logic1 t is to say1 ! !ory ( ! laws ( k4 ,"s philosoph]s1 to be sure1 h und]tak5 to prove t reason1 by d9t ( self-contemplation1 might arrive at ! k ( all ?+s4 ,!y h ma9ta9$ t all ! secrets ( ! univ]se are conta9$ 9 our ?\ght1 & t by j reason+ "o may =m ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy )\t look+ at ! />s1 & write ! hi/ory ( ! human race )\t tak+ ! tr\ble to se>* labori\sly into ! annals ( ! pa/4 ,b ^! attempts to con/ruct facts1 in/ead ( obs]v+ !m1 h succe$$ too ill to m]it v s]i\s att5tion4 ,sci5ce does n proce$ !re=e ei!r f pure exp]i5ce or f pure reason2 :5ce does x really come8 ,f ! enc\nt] ( exp]i5ce & ( reason4 ,man obs]ves1 & he asc]ta9s t facts are gov]n$ accord+ to intellig5t design4 ,he creates ma!matics1 & discov]s t ! ph5om5a ( ! heav5s & ! e>? are rul$ accord+ to ! laws ( ! calculus4 ,8 ?\ght meets 9 ! facts ) traces ( a ?\ght simil> to 8 own4 ,if any "o ( y d\bts ?is1 ,i once m appeal to ! almanac4 ,sci5ce1 !n1 has bir? only f a meet+ ( exp]i5ce ) reason2 h[ is ?is meet+ effect$8 ,! :ole "q ( ! orig9 ( sci5ce is "h4 ,?is enc\nt] is n necess>y2 x does n result simply f p]sev]ance 9 obs]vation4 ,! enc\nt] ( m9d & ( facts con/itutes a discov]y4 ,! ?\ght :i* has gov]n$ nature may rema9 long veil$ f our m9d4 ,all at once p]haps ! veil is lift$1 & ! ?\ght ( man meets & recognizes itself 9 ! ph5om5a :i* x is contemplat+4 ,we enc\nt] 9 ?is case ! ex]cise ( a special faculty1 :i* is nei!r ! faculty ( obs]v+ nor ! faculty ( reason+1 b ! faculty ( discov]+4 ,:5 a man possesses x to a c]ta9 degree1 we call him a man ( g5ius4 ,g5ius1 or ! faculty ( discov]+1 is ! g5]at+ pr9ciple ( sci5ce4 ,/ill1 /range to say1 ?is pr9ciple is sc>cely po9t$ out by a great numb] ( logicians4 ,!y develop at l5g? ! rules ( obs]vation & ! rules ( reason+2 & x seems t1 9 _! idea1 ! conjunction ( reason & exp]i5ce is effect$ all alone & ( necessity4 ,i taught logic myself 9 ?is way = tw5ty ye>s1 until "o day1 ?9k+ bett] ^u ! subject1 ,i 0 oblig$ to say to myself 7=give me ?is r trivial quotation73 ,tu n'avais oubli qu'un po9t3 ,c'tait d'clair] ta lant]ne4#afc ,! meet+ toge!r ( ! und]/&+ & ( facts is a discov]y2 & discov]y dep5ds ^u a faculty sung by poets1 admir$ by mank9d1 & too little notic$ by logicians--g5ius4 ,g5ius has = its *>act]i/ic a sudd5 illum9ation ( ! m9d1 a gratuit\s gift & "o :i* _c be pur*as$4 ,b let u ha/5 to supply a necess>y explanation4 ,g5ius is a primitive fact1 a gift2 b ! "w ( g5ius has conditions1 or r a condition--labor4 ,labor does n replace g5ius1 b g5ius does n disp5se ) labor2 nature only deliv]s up h] secrets to ^? :o obs]ve h] ) long pati5ce4 ,newton 0 ask$ "o day h[ he _h f\nd out ! sy/em ( ! univ]se4 ,he repli$ ) a sublime navet3 ,by ?9k+ cont9ually ab\t x4 ,he s po9t$ out ! condition ( e great discov]y2 b he =got ! cause--! peculi> nature ( 8 own intellect4 ,x 0 necess>y to be always pond]+ ! motions ( ! />s2 b x 0 necess>y moreov] to be ,isaac ,newton4 ,s _m _h ?\ght on ! subject1 z long p]haps z he1 & _h n made ! discov]y4 ,labor1 ! condition ( discov]ies1 %\ld h z its effect to recognize ! me?ods really appropriate to ! nature ( ! inquiries1 & to keep ! m9d well in=m$ 9 exi/+ sci5ce4 ,9 fact1 e sci5tific discov]y supposes a s]ies ( previ\s discov]ies :i* h br\ght ! m9d to ! po9t at :i* x is possible to see some?+ new4 ,= ?is reason x is t a discov]y (t5 pres5ts itself to two or ?ree m9ds at once1 :5 !re are f\nd1 at ! same epo*1 two or ?ree m9ds end[$ ) ! same p[]4 ,!y see all toge!r because ! onw>d progress ( sci5ce has br\ght !m to ! same summit3 ?is is ! condition2 & because !y h ! same p[] ( vision3 ?is is ! cause4 ,!re is !re=e a me?od = putt+ ourselves on ! road to discov]y1 b no me?od = mak+ ! discov]y itself4 ,! man ( g5ius sees :]e o!rs d n see2 & :5 he has se51 ev]ybody sees aft] him4 ,if1 furni%$ ) ,gyges' r+1 y c\ld ga9 access to ! /udies ( savants at ! mom5t :5 a great discov]y has j be5 made1 y w\ld see m ?an "o ( !m /rik+ 8 =ehead & exclaim+3 ,fool t ,i 06 h[ c\ld ,i help see+ x8 x 0 s simple4 ,tru? appe>s simple :5 x has be5 discov]$4 ,discov]y !re=e1 :i* has labor = its condition1 is ! pr9ciple ( ! progress ( sci5ce4 ,"u :at =m does a discov]y pres5t itself to ! m9d ( its au?or8 ,z a supposition1 or1 :i* is ! same ?+1 z an hypo!sis4 ,hypo!sis is ! sole process by :i* progress 9 sci5ce is effect$4 ,if we suppos$ no?+1 we %\ld "k no?+4 ,9 va9 %\ld we look at ! sky & ! e>? to all et]nity1 our eye w\ld nev] read ! laws ( a/ronomy 9 ! />s ( heav51 nor ! laws ( life ^u ! b>k ( trees or 9 ! entrails ( animals4 ,?is is true ev5 ( ma!matics4 ,! contemplation1 prolong$ indef9itely1 ( ! s]ies ( numb]s1 or ( ! =ms ( space1 w\ld produce nei!r ari?metic nor geometry1 if ! human m9d did n suppose relations betwe5 ! numb]s & ! l9es1 :i* x c only demon/rate aft] x has suppos$ !m4 ,! conditions are v cle>ly se5 :i* h prep>$ & made possible a fruitful supposition1 b ! hypo!sis does n itself foll[ ( any necessity4 ,x appe>s l a fla% ( light pass+ sudd5ly ?r\gh ! m9d4 ,! c>p5t]'s saw op5s a plank f end to end on ! sole conditions ( labor & "t2 b ! discov]y ( tru? pres]ves always a sudd5 & un=ese5 "*4 ,ar*im$es leaps f a ba? & ru%es ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,syracuse1 cry+ out1 ,i h f\nd x6 ,:y8 ,! fla% ( g5ius has visit$ him unexpect$ly4 ,py?agoras discov]s a geometrical !orem2 & he (f]s1 x is said1 a sacrifice to ! gods1 9 te/imony ( 8 gratitude4 ,he ?\ght !re=e1 accord+ to ! f9e rem>k ( ,malebran*e1 t labor & att5tion are a sil5t pray] :i* we address to ! ,ma/] ( tru?3 ! labor is a pray]1 & ! discov]y is an answ] grant$ to x4 ,:5 ?is :olly spontane\s "* ( discov]y is n recogniz$1 & :5 x is ?\ght t ! obs]vation ( facts naturally produces _! explanation1 x mu/ ne$s be grant$ t a discov]y is confirm$ by ! v fact t x is made4 ,b ?is is by no means ! case4 ,hypo!sis does n c>ry on its br[1 at ! mom5t ( its bir?1 ! c]ta9 sign ( its tru?4 ,a fla% ( light crosses ! m9d ( ! savant2 b he mu/ ent] on a c\rse1 (t5 a long c\rse1 ( /udy1 9 ord] to "k :e!r x is a true light1 or a mom5t>y gl>e4 ,e supposition sugge/$ by obs]vation mu/ be confirm$ by its agreem5t ) ! data ( exp]i5ce4 ,let u li/5 to a great discov]]-- ,kepl]4 ,he is giv+ an acc\nt ( ! discov]y ( "o ( ! laws :i* h immortaliz$ 8 "n4 ,aft] ,i _h f\nd ! real dim5sions ( ! orbits1 ?anks to ! obs]vations ( ,brahe & ! su/a9$ ef=t ( a long c\rse ( labor1 ,i at l5g? discov]$ ! proportion ( ! p]iodic times to ! ext5t ( ^! orbits4 ,& if y w\ld l to "k ! precise date ( ! discov]y1--x 0 on ! eigh? day ( ,m>* 9 ?is ye> #afah t1--fir/ ( all conceiv$ 9 my m9d1 !n awkw>dly essay$ by calculations1 reject$ 9 consequ5ce z false1 !n reproduc$ on ! fifte5? ( ,may ) fre% en]gy1--x rose at la/ above ! d>kness ( my und]/&+1 s fully confirm$ by my labor ( sev5te5 ye>s ^u ,brahe's obs]vations1 & by my own m$itations p]fectly agree+ ) !m1 t ,i ?\ght at fir/ ,i 0 dream+1 & mak+ "s petitio pr9cipii2 b !re is no m d\bt ab\t x3 x is a v c]ta9 & v exact proposition4#afd ,all ! logic ( discov]ies is laid d[n 9 ^! l9es2 & ^! l9es are a te/imony r5d]$ by "o ( ! mo/ compet5t ( witnesses4 ,y see 9 !m ! conditions ( a good hypo!sis3 ,kepl] has long /udi$ ! ph5om5a ( :i* he wi%es to f9d ! law2 he has /udi$ !m by himself1 & by means ( ! discov]ies ( 8 pr$ecessor ,brahe4 ,! law has pres5t$ itself to 8 m9d at a giv5 mom5t1 on ! eigh? ( ,m>*1 #afah4 ,b he does n yet "k :e!r x is a true light1 or a deceptive gleam4 ,he seeks ! confirmation ( 8 hypo!sis2 he does n f9d x1 because he makes a mi/ake1 & he rejects 8 idea z useless4 ,! idea returns2 a new c\rse ( labor confirms x2 & s ! hypo!sis becomes a law1 a c]ta9 proposition4 ,su* is ! regul> m>* ( ?\ght4 ,an hypo!sis has no "r to be br\ght =w>d until x has pass$ into ! condition ( a law1 by be+ duly confirm$4 ,!re are m9ds1 h[ev]1 end[$ ) a sort ( div9ation1 :i* feel z by in/9ct ! tru? ( a discov]y1 ev5 be=e x has be5 confirm$4 ,x is told ( ,cop]nicus1 t hav+ discov]$1 or re-discov]$1 ! true sy/em ( planet>y motion1 he enc\nt]$ an oppon5t :o said to him3 ,if y\r sy/em 7 true1 ,v5us w\ld h phases l ! moon2 n[ %e has none1 & !re=e y\r sy/em is false4 ,:at h y to reply8--,i h no reply to make1 said ,cop]nicus1 7! objection 0 a s]i\s "o 9 fact72 b ,god w grant t ! answ] %all be f\nd4#afe ,galileo appe>$1 & by means ( ! telescope x 0 asc]ta9$ t ,v5us has phases l ! moon2--! confid5ce ( ,cop]nicus 0 ju/ifi$4 ,! sci5tific c>e] ( ,m4 ,ampre1 ! illu/ri\s natural philosoph]1 supplies an analog\s fact4 ,tru/+1 l ,cop]nicus1 to a k9d ( intuition ( tru?1 he read "o day to ! ,academy ( sci5ces ! complete description ( an exp]im5t :i* he _h nev] made4 ,he made x subsequ5tly1 & ! result answ]$ completely to 8 anticipations4 ,g5ius is "h rais$ to ! second p[]1 s9ce x possesses at once ! gift ( discov]y & ! j pres5tim5t ( its confirmation2 b ^! are exceptional cases1 & 9 g5]al we mu/ say1 ) ,mi?ridates1 t-- 4444 ,to be approv$ z true ,su* projects mu/ be prov$1 & c>ri$ ?r\gh4#aff ,we w\ld enc\rage no "o to attempt adv5tures s p]il\s1 b w\ld call to m9d 9 a great example :at is ! regul> m>* ( sci5ce4 ,newton1 aft] he _h discov]$ ! law :i* regulates ! motions ( ! heav5s1 s\ght ! confirmation ( x 9 an imm5se s]ies ( calculations4 ,a true ascetic ( sci5ce1 he impos$ on himself a regim5 z sev]e z t ( a ,trappi/ monk1 9 ord] t 8 life might be :olly conc5trat$ ^u ! op]ations ( ! und]/&+2 & x 0 n until aft] fifte5 mon?s ( p]si/5t labor t he exclaim$3 ,i h discov]$ x6 ,my calculations h really enc\nt]$ ! m>* ( ! />s4 ,glory to ,god6 :o has p]mitt$ u to cat* a glimpse ( ! skirts ( ,8 ways6 ,& a/ronomy1 plac$ ^u a wid] & firm] basis1 w5t =w>d ) new en]gy4 ,x is ?us t ! human m9d acquires k4 ,h[ !n does hypo!sis come to be made light (8 ,h[ c x be s]i\sly said t we h exclud$ hypo!sis f ! sph]e ( sci5ce1 :]eas ! mom5t ! faculty ( suppos+ %\ld cease to be 9 ex]cise1 ! m>* ( sci5ce w\ld be arre/$2 s9ce1 except a small numb] ( pr9ciples ! evid5ce ( :i* is imm$iate1 all ! tru?s we possess are only suppositions confirm$ by exp]im5t8 ,! reason is "h3 ,our m9d =ms a ?\s& diff]5t suppositions at its own w & fancy2 & x %r9ks f t /udi\s toil :i* alone puts x 9 a position to make fruitful suppositions4 ,we are = ev] tempt$ to be guess+1 in/ead ( sett+ ourselves1 by pati5t obs]vations1 on ! road to real discov]ies4 ,x is !re=e ) good reason t !ories ha/ily built up h be5 condemn$1 & ,"l ,*ancellor ,bacon 0 "r 9 ?9k+ t ! human m9d requires lead to be atta*$ to x1 & n w+s4 ,h5ce ! inf]5ce has be5 drawn t ! simple/ plan w\ld be to cut ! w+s ( ?\ght1 )\t reflect+ t !nce=w>d x w\ld cont9ue motionless4 ,because "s _h abus$ hypo!sis1 o!rs mu/ conclude t we c\ld d )\t x altoge!r4 ,trivial & premature suppositions h !re=e discr$it$ hypo!sis1 by encumb]+ sci5ce ) a cr[d ( va9 imag9ations2 b ?is encumbrance w\ld h be5 ( small importance b = ! ob/9acy ) :i* false !ories h too (t5 be5 ma9ta9$ aga9/ ! evid5ce ( facts4 ,if ,ampre _h f\nd 8 exp]im5t fail1 & _h /ill cont9u$ to ma9ta9 8 /atem5ts1 he w\ld n h giv5 pro( ( a happy audacity1 b ( a ridicul\s ob/9acy4 ,g5ius itself makes mi/akes1 & exp]i5ce alone di/+ui%es real laws f m]e freaks ( our ?\ght4 ,we h ma9ta9$ ! rights ( reason 9 ! spontane\s ex]cise ( ! faculty ( discov]y2 b let u bew>e h[ we ignore ! rights ( exp]i5ce4 ,x alone prep>es discov]ies2 x alone c confirm !m4 ,a sy/em1 h[ev] well put toge!r1 is convict$ ( error by ! lea/ fact :i* really contradicts x4 ,a ,greek philosoph] 0 demon/rat+ by speci\s argum5ts t motion is impossible4 ,diog5es 0 "o ( 8 auditory1 & he got up & began to walk3 ! answ] 0 conclusive4 ,y rememb]1 if y h read ,walt] ,scott1 ! le>n$ demon/ration ( ! antiqu>y :o is settl+ ! date ( a ,roman or ,celtic ru91 ,i =get :i*2 & ! int]v5tion ( ! begg>1 :o has no ar*ological sy/em1 b :o has se5 ! edifice 9 "q bo? built & fall to decay4 ,reason z mu* z y l2 if y\r reason+s d n accord ) facts1 y w h wov5 spid]'s webs1 ( admirable f95ess p]haps1 b want+ 9 solidity4 ,x is "t to sum up ^! l5g!n$ consid]ations4 ,sci5ce does n orig9ate solely f exp]im5t1 nor does x proce$ solely f reason2 x results f ! meet+ toge!r ( exp]i5ce & reason4 ,exp]i5ce prep>es ! discov]y1 g5ius makes x1 exp]i5ce confirms x4 ,:at di/+ui%es ! sci5ces is n ! process ( inv5tion1 :i* is ev]y:]e ! same2 b ! process ( control ov] suppos$ tru?s4 ,a ma!matical discov]y is confirm$ by pure reason+4 ,a physical discov]y is confirm$ by s5sible obs]vation jo9$ ) calculation4 ,a discov]y 9 ! ord] ( morals is confirm$ by obs]vation ( ! facts ( consci\sness4 ,!re=e x is t betwe5 ! physical & moral sci5ces !re exi/s a broad l9e ( dem>cation4 ,moral facts h n less c]ta9ty ?an physical ph5om5a2 b moral facts fall+ "u ! influ5ce ( lib]ty1 all m5 _c p]ceive !m equally "u all conditions4 ,an optical exp]im5t pres5ts itself to ! eyes1 & all ! spectators see x alike1 if at lea/ !y h "o & ! same visual organization2 b a case ( moral exp]i5ce has a p]sonal "*1 & is only communicat$ to ano!r p]son on condition t he puts fai? 9 ! te/imony ( 8 fell[4 ,9 ?is ord] ( ?+s a man c obs]ve directly only :at he concurs 9 produc+4 ,) ?is res]vation1 we may say t ! control ( moral tru?s is made by exp]i5ce l t ( physical tru?s4 ,9 all dep>tm5ts ( k1 a ?\ght may be held z true :5 x acc\nts = facts4 ,& s1 ,g5tlem51 we conclude t e sci5tific tru? is1 9 its orig91 a supposition ( ! m9d1 ! result ( :i* is to produce ! meet+ toge!r ( exp]i5ce & reason1 & s to p]mit ! rational recon/ruction ( ! facts4 ,e sy/em is %[n to be at fault by facts1 if facts contradict x4 ,:5 a sy/em expla9s ! facts1 we hold x z prov$ j to ! ext5t to :i* x expla9s !m4 ,?is accordance ( our ?\ght ) ! nature ( ?+s is ! m>k ( :at we call tru?4 ,if y grant me ^! premises1 my demon/ration is complet$1 & x only rema9s = me to draw my conclusions4 ,x is said t ! idea ( ,god c h no place 9 a s]i\s sci5ce1 because ?is idea comes nei!r f exp]i5ce nor f reason2 t x is only an hypo!sis1 & t hypo!sis has no place 9 sci5ce4 ,i reply1 gr\nd+ my answ] on ! prec$+ reason+s3 ,no sci5ce is =m$ o!rwise ?an by means ( hypo!sis4 ,= ! solution ( ! univ]sal problem !re exi/s 9 ! _w an hypo!sis1 propos$ to all by tradition1 & :i* be>s 9 p>ticul> ! names ( ,moses & ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,?is hypo!sis has ! "r to be exam9$4 ,if x expla9s ! facts1 x mu/ be held = true4 ,! idea ( ,god comes !re=e )9 ! regul> compass ( sci5ce2 ! attempt to exclude x is sophi/ical4 ,let u sep>ate ! idea ( ,god f ! :ole body ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( :i* x =ms "p1 9 ord] t we may give x p>ticul> consid]ation4 ,:at is ?is hypo!sis :i* be>s ! names ( ,moses & ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,x is t ! pr9ciple ( ! univ]se is ! ,et]nal & ,inf9ite ,be+4 ,8 p[] is ! cause ( all t exi/s2 ! consci\sness ( ,8 inf9ite p[] con/itutes ,8 inf9ite intellig5ce4 ,9 ,himself1 ,he is ,he :o is2 9 ,8 relation ) ! _w1 ,he is ! absolute cause1 ! ,creator4 ,?is explanation ( ! univ]se is n ! privilege ( a few savants2 x is taught & propos$ to all2 & ?is is no reason :y we %\ld despise x4 ,if we fur!r obs]ve t ?is ?\ght has r5ovat$ ! _w1 t x upholds all our civilization1 t ?\s&s ( our fell[-creatures raise _! voice to tell u t x is only f ?is s\rce !y h drawn peace1 light1 & happ9ess1 we %all und]/& p]haps t contempt w\ld be fooli%1 & t ev]y?+ on ! contr>y invites u to exam9e ) ! mo/ s]i\s att5tion an hypo!sis :i* (f]s itself to u "u conditions s exceptional4 ,! hypo!sis is /at$4 ,we mu/ n[ submit x to ! te/ ( facts4 ,:]e %all we f9d ! elem5ts ( its confirmation8 ,ev]y:]e1 s9ce x is ! fir/ cause ( all ?+s :i* is 9 "q3 we %all f9d !m 9 nature & 9 humanity2 9 ! motions ( ! />s z !y sweep ?r\gh ! dep?s ( space1 & 9 ! ris+ ( ! sap :i* n\ri%es a blade ( grass2 9 ! revolutions ( empires1 & 9 ! simple/ elem5ts ( ! life ( "o individual4 ,!re is no sci5ce ( ,god2 b e sci5ce1 e /udy mu/ t]m9ate at t sacr$ ,"n4 ,i %all n und]take1 !re=e1 to enum]ate all ! confirmations ( ! ?\ght :i* makes ( ! ,creator ! pr9ciple ( ! univ]se3 to rec\nt all ! pro(s ( ! inf9ite ,be+ w\ld require an et]nal disc\rse4 ,we h /amm]$ =? a few ( ! words ( ?is endless disc\rse1 by %[+ t1 )\t ,god1 ! und]/&+1 ! consci5ce1 & ! he>t lose _! support & fall3 ?is =m$ ! subject ( our second lecture4 ,we saw fur!r t reason makes fruitless attempts to f9d ! univ]sal pr9ciple 9 ! objects ( our exp]i5ce--nature & humanity4 ,let u foll[ up1 al?\gh we %all n be able to complete x1 ! /udy ( ?is inexhau/ible subject1 by %[+ t ! idea ( ! ,creator alone answ]s to ! dem&s ( ! philosophic reason4 ,philosophy1 9 ! highe/ acceptation ( ! t]m1 is ! se>* aft] a solution = ! univ]sal problem ! t]ms ( :i* may be /at$ z foll[s3 ,exp]i5ce reveals to u t ! _w is compos$ ( manifold & div]se be+s2 &1 to come at once to ! great division1 !re are 9 ! _w bodies :i* we are =c$ to suppose in]t1 & m9ds :i* we feel to be intellig5t & free4 ,! univ]se is made up ( manifold exi/5ces2 ?is is q evid5t1 & a matt] ( exp]i5ce4 ,reason on ! o!r h& =ces u to seek = unity4 ,to compreh5d1 is to r$uce ph5om5a to _! laws1 to connect effects ) _! causes1 consequ5ces ) _! pr9ciples2 x is to be always introduc+ unity into ! div]sity4 ,all developm5t ( sci5ce w\ld be at once arre/$1 if ! m9d c\ld cont5t itself ) m]ely tak+ acc\nt ( facts 9 ! /ate ( disp]sion 9 :i* !y are pres5t$ by exp]i5ce4 ,ea* p>ticul> sci5ce ga!rs up a multitude ( facts into a small numb] ( =mul2 &1 above & beyond p>ticul> sci5ces1 reason se>*es = ! connection ( all ?+s ) "o s+le cause4 ,to det]m9e ! relation ( all p>ticul> exi/5ces ) "o exi/5ce :i* is _! common cause2 su* is ! univ]sal problem4 ,?is problem has be5 v well express$ by ,py?agoras 9 a celebrat$ =mula1 t ( ! ,uni-multiple4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ! univ]se1 we mu/ rise to a unity :i* may acc\nt = ! multiplicity ( ?+s & = _! h>mony1 :i* is unity itself ma9ta9$ 9 div]sity4 ,if y well und]/& ?is ?\ght1 y w easily compreh5d ! s\rce ( ! great errors :i* fl[ f too /rong a disposition to sy/ematize4 ,m5 ( ?is m9d atta* !mselves to inadequate conceptions1 & look = unity :]e x does n exi/4 ,! b>ri] :i* we mu/ oppose to ?is _s ( sy/em is ! c>eful enum]ation ( ! facts :i* x =gets to notice4 ,mat]ialism looks = unity 9 in]t & un9tellig5t bodies2 x suffices to oppose to x "o fact--! reality ( m9d4 ,fatalism seeks unity 9 necessity4 ,po9t out to x t its de/9y-god does n acc\nt = ! fact ( rep5tance1 = example1 :i* implies lib]ty1 & x is en\gh4 ,! wor%ip ( humanity =ces y to exclaim ) ,pascal--,a que] ,god1 t6 ,!re is 9 ! bitt]ness ( ?is smile a suffici5t condemnation ( ! doctr9e4 ,to seek = unity1 is ! f\ndation ( all philosophy4 ,to seek = unity too ha/ily & too l[1 is ! s\rce ( ! errors ( absolute m9ds4 ,absolute m9ds1 h[ev] great !y may be 9 o!r respects1 are weak m9ds1 9 t !y d n succe$ 9 pres]v+ a cle> view ( ! div]sity ( ! facts to be expla9$4 ,take ! problem ( ,py?agoras2 keep hold ( ! two extremities ( ! *a92 nev] all[ y\rselves to d5y ! div]sity ( ?+s1 = t div]sity is pla9ly evid5c$ by human exp]i5ce2 bew>e ( d5y+ _! unity1 because x is ! f\ndation ( reason2 !n se>* & look ?r\gh ! hi/ories ( philosophy3 y w f9d "o hypo!sis1 & "o only1 :i* answ]s ! requirem5ts ( ! problem4 ,x goes back1 z ,i believe1 to ! orig9 ( ! _w2 x 0 glimps$ by ,socrates1 by ,ari/otle1 & ,plato2 b1 9 its full light1 x belongs only to m5 :o h receiv$ ! ,god ( ,moses1 & :o h /udi$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,if ?is hypo!sis expla9s ! facts1 x is s\nd1 = ! prop]ty ( tru? is to expla91 z ! prop]ty ( light is to enlight54 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,creator c alone acc\nt to u = ! univ]se1 by br++ u back to its fir/ cause4 ,! fir/ cause ( unity _c be matt] :i* c\ld nev] produce m9d2 ! fir/ cause ( unity _c be ! human m9d1 :i*1 f ! mom5t t x desires to take itself = ! absolute be+1 is dissolv$ & annihilat$4 ,! unity :i* alone c h 9 itself ! s\rce ( multiplicity1 is nei!r matt] nor idea1 b p[]2 p[] ! ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( m9d1 & inf9ite1 t is to say1 creative p[]4 ,! ,creator alone c\ld produce div]s be+s1 because ,he is ,almighty1 & ma9ta9 h>mony betwe5 ^? be+s1 because ,he is ,"o4 ,?us is manife/$ an ess5tial agreem5t betwe5 ! requirem5ts ( philosophy & ! religi\s s5tim5t2 = religion1 z we said at ! beg9n+ ( ^! lectures1 re/s ^u ! idea ( ,div9e p[]4 ,reason & fai? meet toge!r ^u ! l(ty heights ( tru?4 ,b let u n ent] too f> into ! difficulties ( philosophy4 ,let u conf9e ourselves to consid]ations ( a less ab/ruse ord]4 ,! ,creator is ! ,god ( nature4 ,all ! visible univ]se is b ! "w ( ,8 p[]1 ! manife/ation ( ,8 wisdom4 ,! poet ( ! ,hebrews invites to (f] praise to ! ,mo/ ,high1 n only m5 ( e age & ( all nations1 b ! bea/s ( ! field1 ! birds ( ! air1 & ! c$>s ( ! =e/1 ! ra9 & ! w9d1 ! hail & ! tempe/4#afg ,9 ! language ( a mod]n poet3 ,!e1 ,"l1 ! wide _w glorifies2 ,! bird ^u its ne/ replies2 ,& = "o little drop ( ra9 ,be+s ,?9e eye do? n disda9 ,t5 ?\s& m repeat ! /ra94#afh ,& su* ?\ghts are n va9 freaks ( ! imag9ation4 ,man1 ! consci\s repres5tative ( nature1 ! high-prie/ ( ! univ]se1 feels himself urg$ by an impulse ( 8 he>t to translate ! confus$ murmur ( ! creation into a hymn ( praise to ! ,inf9ite ,be+1 ! absolute ,s\rce ( life1--to ,him :o is1 ,"o1 ,et]nal1--! fir/ & absolute ,cause ( all exi/5ce4 ,! ,creator is ! ,god ( spirits4 ,he is n only ! ,god ( humank9d2 ! imm5se city ( ,god conta9s1 no d\bt1 nobl] citiz5s ?an man1 9 reason+ p[] s weak1 & 9 affections s poor4#afi ,b let u speak ( :at is kn[n to u3 ,he is ! ,god ( humank9d4 ,all nations %all "o day r5d] glory to ,him4 ,mighty words h res\nd$ ?r\gh ! _w3 ,h5ce=? !re is no long] ei!r ,greek or b>b>ian or ,jew2 b "o & ! same ,god = all4 ,! idols h begun to fall2 ! gods ( ! nations h be5 hurl$ f _! p$e/als2 !y h fall51 !y are fall+1 !y w fall1 until ! k ( ! only & sov]eign ,creator %all cov] ! e>? z ! wat]s cov] ! sea4 ,! ,creator %all "o day be kn[n ( all ,8 creatures2 & 9 ea* ( ,8 creatures ,he w be ! c5tre & ! object ( ! :ole s\l2 all ! functions ( ! spiritual life lead on to ,him4 ,:at is tru?1 beauty1 good8 ,we h already repli$ to ! "q1 b we w repeat our answ]4 ,to possess tru? is to "k ,god2 x is to "k ,him 9 ! "w ( ,8 h&s1 & x is to "k ,him 9 ,8 absolute p[]1 z ! et]nal s\rce ( all t is1 ( all t c ev] be1 ( all actual or possible tru? 9 ! m9d ( ,8 creatures4 ,tru? b9ds u to ,him1 & all sci5ce is a hymn to ,8 glory4#agj ,he is ! et]nal s\rce ( beauty4 ,he x is :o gives to ! bird its song1 & to ! brook its murmur4 ,he x is :o has e/abli%$ betwe5 nature & man ^? my/]i\s relations :i* give rise to noble joys4 ,he x is :o op5s1 above & beyond nature1 ! prolific s\rces ( art2 ! ideal is a di/ant reflection ( ,8 spl5dor4 ,& goodness1 aga91 is none o!r ?an ,he2 x is ,8 plan2 x is ,8 w 9 reg>d ( spirits2 x is ! ^w address$ to ! free creature1 :i* says to x3 ,behold ?y place 9 ! univ]sal h>mony4 ,?us a triple ray desc5ds f ! uncreat$ light1 & be=e t insuff]able brightness ,i am dazzl$ & bewild]$4 ,!re is no long] any di/9ction = me betwe5 pr(ane & sacr$2 ,i no long] und]/& ! diff]5ce ( ^! t]ms4 ,:]esoev] ,i meet ) good1 tru?1 beauty1 be ! man :o br+s !m to me :o he may1 & come he :5ce he may1 ,i feel t to despise 9 him t gleam1 w\ld be n only to be want+ to humanity1 x w\ld be to be want+ to my fai?4 ,if my prejudices or habits t5d to %ut up my he>t or to n>r[ my m9d1 ,i he> a voice exclaim+ to me3 ,enl>ge ?y t5t2 l5g!n ?y cords2 enl>ge ?y t5t )\t measure4 ,be ye lift up1 et]nal gates1 gates ( ! consci5ce & ! he>t6 ,let 9 ! ,k+ ( glory6 ,all tru?1 all beauty1 all good is ,he4 ,:]e my ,god is1 no?+ is pr(ane = me4 ,to ignore any "o ( ^? rays w\ld be to /eal some:at f ,8 glory4 ,oh6 ! happy lib]ty ( ! he>t1 :5 x re/s on ! ,au?or ( all good & ( all tru?4 ,b if ! he>t is at lib]ty1 h[ well is x gu>d$ too6 ,:at is ! mo/ beautiful jewel 7if we may v5ture to use su* language7 9 ! immortal cr[n ( ?is ,k+ ( glory8 ,p[]ful1 ,he creat$ p[]2 free1 ,he creat$ lib]ty4 ,& to ! free creature1 9 ! h\r ( its creation1 ,he said3 ,behold6 ?\ art made 9 m9e own image6 my w is writt5 9 ?y consci5ce2 become a work] toge!r ) me1 & realize ! plans ( my love4 ,& t voice--,i he> x )9 myself4 ,ah6 ,i "k t voice well1 ,i "k ! secret attraction :i*1 9 spite ( all my mis]ies1 draws me t[>ds t :i* is beautiful1 pure1 holy1 & says to me3 ,?is is ! w ( ?y ,fa!r4 ,b ,i "k o!r voices also :i* speak )9 me only too l\dly3 ! voice ( rebellion & ( c[>dice1 ! voice ( bas5ess & ignom9y4 ,!re is w> 9 my s\l4 ,enlight5$ by ?is inn] spectacle1 ,i ca/ my eyes once m ov] t _w 9 :i* ,i h se5 %9+ ev]y:]e "s div9e rays2 & ,i see t by a triple gate1 l(ty & wide1 evil has ent]$ ?i!r1 accompani$ by error & de=mity4 ,!n ,i und]/& t all may become pr(ane2 ,i und]/& t !re is an err+ sci5ce1 a corrupt+ art1 a moral sy/em full ( immorality4 ,b ^! words take = me a new mean+4 ,!re is no sacr$ evil1 !re is no pr(ane good2 !re are no sacr$ errors & pr(ane tru?s4 ,:]e ,god is1 all is holy2 :]e !re is rebellion aga9/ ,god1 all is evil4 ,& s ! ,god :o is my light is my =tress also2 my he>t is /r5g!n$ :ile x is set at lib]ty1 & ,i c jo9 ! anci5t song ( ,israel3 ,jehovah is our /r5g? & t[]4 ,yes1 ,sirs1 ,god is 9 all1 because ,he is ! univ]sal pr9ciple ( be+2 b ,he is n 9 all aft] ! same mann]4 ,god is 9 ! pure he>t by ! joy :i* ,he gives to x2 ,he is 9 ! frivol\s he>t by ! void & ! vexation :i* urge x to seek a bett] de/9y2 ,he is 9 ! corrupt he>t by t m]ciful remorse :i* does n p]mit x to w&]1 )\t w>n+1 f ! spr+s ( life4 ,god makes use ( all = ! good ( ,8 creatures4 ,he is ev]y:]e by ! direct manife/ation ( ,8 w1 except 9 ! acts ( rebelli\s lib]ty1 & 9 ! %ad[ ( pa9 :i* foll[s t evil light :i* leads a/ray f ,him4 ,hav+ said t ! idea ( ,god ! ,creator alone satisfies ! reason1 & raises up1 ^u ! basis ( reason1 man's consci5ce & he>t1 ,i %\ld wi% to %[ y1 9 conclusion1 t ?is idea r5d]s an acc\nt ( ! great sy/ems ( error :i* divide ! human m9d betwe5 !m4 ,tru? be>s ?is l(ty m>k1 t x nev] ov]?r[s a doctr9e )\t caus+ any portion ( tru? :i* x may h conta9$ to pass into its own bosom4 ,:at !n1--ap>t f decl>$ a!ism1 f ! dualism :i* has almo/ disappe>$1 & f fai? 9 ,god ! ,creator1--are ! great sy/ems :i* %>e ! human m9d betwe5 !m8 ,!re are two3 deism & pan!ism4 ,:at is deism8 ,x is a doctr9e :i* ackn[l$ges t !re is "o ,god1 ! cause ( ! univ]se2 b a ,god :o is 9 a mann] )drawn f ,8 own "w1 & :o leaves x to g on alone4 ,god has regulat$ ?+s 9 ! mass1 b n 9 detail1 or1 to employ an expression ( ,jean-,jacques ,r\sseau 7:o came at a lat] p]iod to ent]ta9 bett] op9ions71 ,god is l a k+ :o gov]ns 8 k+dom1 b :o does n tr\ble himself to asc]ta9 :e!r all ! tav]ns 9 x are good ones4 ,! idea ( a g5]al gov]nm5t ( ,god :i* does n desc5d to details--su* is ! ess5ce ( deism4 ,:at is pan!ism1 9 ! ord9>y mean+ ( ! ^w8 ,we h already said3 x is a doctr9e :i* absorbs ,god 9 ! univ]se1 :i* conf\nds ,him ) nature1 & makes ( ,him only ! in]t sub/ance1 ! unconsci\s pr9ciple ( ! univ]se4 ,^! are ! two great conceptions :i* wre/le1 9 ! hi/ory ( human ?\ght1 aga9/ ! idea ( ! ,creator4 ,^! two sy/ems triumph easily "o ov] ! o!r1 because ea* ( !m conta9s a portion ( tru? :i* is want+ to its antagoni/4 ,!y _c support !mselves because ea* ( !m has 9 x a portion ( error4 ,?is is :at we mu/ well und]/&4 ,deism conta9s a portion ( tru?2 = x ma9ta9s a ,creator ess5tially di/9ct f ! ,creation1 or1 accord+ to an expression :i* ,i translate f an anci5t ,indian poem3 ,"o s+le act ( ,8 creat$ ! ,univ]se1 & ,he rema9$ ,himself :ole & entire4 ,?is ?\ght is true4 ,:at is ! error ( deism8 ,x is t x makes a ,god l to a man :o works ^u matt] exi/+ previ\sly to 8 action1 & :o puts 9 op]ation =ces indep5d5t ( himself1 & :i* he does no?+ b employ4 ,9 ?is way a wat*mak] makes a wat* :i* goes aft]w>ds )\t him1 because ! wat*mak] only sets to "w =ces :i* h an indep5d5t exi/5ce1 & :i* cont9ue to act :5 he has ceas$ 8 labor4 ,we "w ^u matt] =eign to u4 ,! workman did n make matt]1 b only disposes ( x1 & he c nev] d m ?an modify ! action ( =ces :i* d n proce$ f 8 w1 & h n be5 regulat$ by 8 und]/&+4 ,b ! ,be+ :o is ! cause ( all _c dispose ( =eign =ces :i* act aft]w>ds by !mselves1 s9ce !re exi/s 9 ,8 "w no pr9ciple ( action o!r ?an ^? :i* ,he has ,himself plac$ 9 x4 ,deism results !re=e f a confusion betwe5 ! "w ( a creature plac$ 9 a preexi/+ _w1 & ! "w ( ! ,supreme ,w :i* is 9 itself ! s+le & absolute cause ( all4 ,x conta9s an elem5t ( dualism3 its ,god does n create2 b organizes a _w ! be+ ( :i* does n dep5d on him4 ,take :at is true 9 deism--! exi/5ce ( ! only ,god2 rememb] t ! ,creator is ! absolute ,cause ( ! univ]se2 & ! di/9ction betwe5 ensemble & detail w vani%1 & y w und]/& t ,god is too great t !re %\ld be any?+ small 9 ,8 eyes3 ,god measures n our lot by l9e & squ>e3 ,! grass-susp5d$ drop ( morn+ dew ,reflects a firmam5t z va/ & fair ,z ,ocean f 8 b\ndless field ( blue4#aga ,9 o!r words1 take :at is true 9 deism1 & accept all ! consequ5ces ( x1 & y w arrive at ! full doctr9e ( ! creation4 ,pan!ism recognizes ! omnipres5ce ( ,god 9 ! univ]se1 or1 if y l ! t]ms ( ! s*ool1 ! imman5ce ( ,god2 ?is is its portion ( tru?4 ,:5 ,i op5 ! ,h9doos' songs ( adoration1 & f9d !re9 ! unlimit$ enum]ation ( ! manife/ations ( ,god 9 nature1 ,i f9d no?+ to compla9 (4 ,b :51 9 ^? same hymns1 ,i see lib]ty d5i$1 ! orig9 ( evil attribut$ to ! ,holy ,"o1 & man c[]+ be=e ,de/9y1 in/ead ( turn+ 8 eyes freely t[>ds ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 !n ,i /& only m erect & say3 ,y =get t if y\r ,god is ! ,cause ( all1 ,he is ! ,cause ( lib]ty4 ,if lib]ty exi/s1 evil1 ! revolt ( lib]ty1 is n ! "w ( ! ,creator4 ,y\r sy/em contradicts itself4 ,y make ( ,god ! univ]sal ,pr9ciple1 & y are "r2 make ( ,him !n ! ,au?or ( free wills1 s t ,he w be no long] ! s\rce ( evil1 & we %all be agre$4 ,deism & pan!ism !re=e1 pu%$ to _! legitimate consequ5ces1 are trans=m$ & unit$ 9 ! tru?4 ,& y see pla9ly t ,i am n mak+1 = my "p1 an arbitr>y selection 9 ^! sy/ems4 ,i am walk+ by "o sole light1 ! light :i* has be5 giv5 to u1 & :i* s]ves me ev]y:]e z a guid+ clue3--,! ,"l is ,god1 & !re is no o!r ,god b ,he4 ,su*1 ,g5tlem51 is ! fundam5tal tru? on :i* re/s all religion1 & all philosophy capable ( acc\nt+ = facts4 ,su* is ! gr& cause :i* claims all ! ef=ts :i* we are wa/+ too (t5 9 b>r5 conflicts--! cause ( ,god4 ,b d ,i say ! tru?8 ,is x ! cause ( ,god :i* is at /ake8 ,:5 a surgeon1 by a successful op]ation1 has re/or$ sight to a bl9d man1 we are n wont to say t he has r5d]$ a s]vice to ! sun4 ,?is cause is our own2 x is t ( society at l>ge1 x is t ( families1 t ( individuals2 x is ! cause :i* conc]ns our dignity1 our happ9ess2 x is ! cause ( all1 ev5 ( ^? :o attack x 9 words ( :i* !y d n calculate ! import1 & :o1 7 !y to succe$ 9 bani%+ ,god f ! public consci5ce1 w\ld1 ) u1 recoil 9 t]ror at sight ( ! frightful abysses into :i* we all %\ld fall toge!r4 ,x is "t to sum up ^! consid]ations4 ,in]t & un9tellig5t matt] is n ! cause ( life & intellig5ce4 ,human consci5ces w\ld be plung$ 9 irrem$iable mis]y1 if ev] !y c\ld be p]suad$ t !re is no?+ sup]ior to man4 ,! univ]se is ! "w ( wisdom & ( p[]2 x is ! creation ( ! ,inf9ite ,m9d4 ,:at c /ill be want+ to our he>ts8 ,! ?\ght t ,god desires our good1--t ,he loves u4 ,if x is s1 we %all be able to und]/& t our cause is ,81 t ,he is n an impassible sun ^: rays fall on u ) indiff]5ce1 b a ,fa!r :o is mov$ at our sorr[s1 & :o w\ld h u f9d joy & peace 9 ,him4 ,?is w be ! subject ( our next & conclud+ lecture4 ,,footnotes3 #afj ,firmissimum hoc aff]ri videtur1 cur deos esse cr$amus1 quod nulla g5s tam f]a1 nemo omnium tam sit immanis1 cujus m5tem non imbu]it deorum op9io4 ,multi de diis prava s5tiunt1 id enim vitioso m effici solet2 omnes tam5 esse vim et naturam div9am arbitrantur4444 ,omni autem 9 re cons5tio omnium g5tium1 lex natur put&a e/4--,tuscul4 i4 #ac4 #afa ,9 pres5ce ( ,heav51 we mu/ believe or d5y4 ,see ,lecture ,,iii4 #afb ,pr(ession de foi du vicaire ,savoy>d4 #afc ,?\ had/ only =gott5 "o po9t1 ,& t 01 to light ?y lant]n4 #afd ,h>monices mundi libri qu9que4 #afe ,! au!nticity ( ?is reply is disput$2 ,m4 ,arago gives x 9 diff]5t t]ms2 b ! "q is ( small consequ5ce "h z "o ( hi/orical criticism1 my object be+ n to e/abli% a fact1 b to put an idea 9 a /rong light by means ( an example4 #aff 4444 ,p\r tre appr\vs ,de semblables projets veul5t tre a*evs4 #afg ,ps4 cxlviii4 #afh ,le monde enti] te glorifie1 ,l'oiseau te *ante sur son nid2 ,et p\r une g\tte de pluie ,des milli]s d'tres t'ont b5i4 #afi ,alb]t de ,hall]4 ,lettres sur les vrits les plus importantes de la rvlation4 ,lettre #b4 #agj ,et t\te la sci5ce e/ un hymne sa gloire4 #aga ,dieu ne mesure pas nos sorts l't5due4 ,la g\tte de rose l'h]be susp5due ,y rfl*it un ciel aussi va/e1 aussi pur ,que l'imm5se ,ocan dans ses pla9es d'azur4 ,,lam>t9e4 ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,! ,,fa!r4 7,at ,g5eva1 #h? ,dec4 #ahfc4--;,at ,lausanne1 #a/ ,feb4 #ahfd47 ,,g5tlem51 ,we h propos$ = solution ! problem :i* includes all o!rs :atsoev]--! problem ( ! univ]se4 ,:at are ! laws :i* gov]n ! univ]se8 ,!y are ^? :i* are ! objects ( sci5ce1 tak+ t ^w 9 its l>ge/ & mo/ g5]al mean+4 ,:at is ! cause ( ! univ]se8 ,! et]nal p[] ( ! ,inf9ite ,m9d4 ,^! are ! two answ]s :i* we h hi!rto obta9$1 b1 z we h expla9$1 a /udy is n complete if x conf9e itself to ^! two answ]s4 ,:5 we "k ! law & ! cause ( an object submitt$ to our /udy1 we fur!r look = ! end design$4 ,?is is no freak ( our fancy1 b ! direct result ( ! con/itution ( our und]/&+4 ,! univ]se is ! creation ( ,god4 ,:at is ! design ( ! creation8 ,i answ]3 ! design ( ! creation is ! happ9ess ( spirits4 ,nature is made = ! spiritual be+s to :i* x (f]s ! condition ( _! life & developm5t2 spiritual be+s are made = felicity4 ,! mov+ spr+ ( inf9ite p[] is goodness3 ?is is my !sis4 ,if ,i succe$ 9 e/abli%+ x1 x w foll[ t we %all 9 imag9ation see issu+ f ! supreme unity ( ! ,inf9ite ,be+ ?ree rays3 ! p[] :i* creates ! be+ ( ?+s2 ! intellig5ce :i* ord]s !m2 & ! love :i* conducts !m to _! de/9ation4 ,x w also foll[ t ,i %all h ju/ifi$ ! title "u :i* ^! ,lectures 7 ann\nc$3 ,p[] & wisdom are attributes ( ! ,creator2 ! ,fa!r reveals ,himself 9 goodness4 ,:at %all be our me?od8 ,c we ent] into ! c\nsels ( ,god8 ,by :at means8 ,to place our und]/&+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,div9e consci\sness1 !re to behold ! spr+ ( ! det]m9ations ( ! ,inf9ite ,be+1 7 an attempt s f> exce$+ our capacity1 t x is impossible to po9t out any means :atev] by :i* x c\ld be made4 ,?is w\ld be to conceive ( ,god 9 ,8 et]nal ess5ce1 indep5d5tly ( ,8 relation to ! univ]se1 to nature1 & to our reason4 ,i d n say m]ely t ! attempt w\ld be fruitless2 ,i say t we h no means ( attempt+ ?is metaphysical adv5ture4 ,b might we n1 9 look+ at ! "w ( ,god1 disc]n 9 x ! evid5ce ( its design8 ,?is is a process :i* we (t5 foll[ 9 reg>d to our fell[-creatures4 ,d we wi% to "k ! object :i* a man has 9 view 9 8 labor8 ,he may himself disclose t object to u directly 9 words1 or we may endeavor to discov] x4 ,we wat* him at "w1 & by obs]v+ ! way 9 :i* he proce$s we sometimes come to "k :at 8 ?\ghts are1 because we f9d ourselves 9 pres5ce ( ! "w ( a m9d1 & we ourselves are m9d4 ,c we 9 ! same way1 by look+ at ! univ]se1 t gr& "w1 succe$ 9 discov]+ its end8 ,! way on :i* we are ent]+ raises two objections1 :i* proce$ f ! difficulties felt by two classes ( m5 ( opposite views2 & our fir/ bus9ess w be to rid ourselves ( ^! prelim9>y difficulties4 ,y w nev] succe$1 x has be5 said to me1 9 prov+ ! goodness ( ,god1 because evil is 9 ! _w4 ,i am n inv5t+1 ,g5tlem54 ,a lett] conta9+ ?is *all5ge has be5 address$ to me by "o ( y4 ,x is manife/1 s9ce we propose to ourselves to recognize 9 ! "w ! int5tion ( ! ,work]1 & s9ce our !sis is ! goodness ( ! ,fir/ ,cause ( ! univ]se1 t evil1 9 all its =ms1 s91 pa91 imp]fection1 is ! ma9 objection :i* c be address$ to u4 ,evil is real2 x is a sad & great reality2 ,i am =w>d to ackn[l$ge x4 ,any sy/em :i* w\ld prove t evil does n exi/1 or1 :i* comes to ! same ?+1 t evil is necess>y1 t good & evil 9 %ort are ( ! same nature1 is an impossible1 ,i _h almo/ said a culpable1 sy/em4 ,! /ronge/ m9ds h worn !mselves out 9 su* attempts ) no result :atev]4 ,! great ,leibnitz attempt$ an ent]prise ( ?is nature4 ,8 sy/em consi/$ 9 ext5uat+ evil z f> z possible1 & 9 pron\nc+ t am\nt ( evil1 ( :i* he c\ld n dissemble ! exi/5ce1 to be necess>y4 ,he fail$4 ,! /rong intellectual armor ( "o ( ! greate/ g5iuses ! _w has ev] se5 0 completely transpi]c$ by ! %>p & brilliant %aft ( ,voltaire4 ,sad reckon]s ( ! woes :i* m5 endure1 ,%>p5+ ! pangs ye make pret5ce to cure1 ,poor com=t]s6 9 y\r attempts ,i see ,n\ght b ! pride :i* feigns unreal glee6 ,o mortals1 ( su* bliss h[ weak ! spell6 ,ye cry 9 doleful acc5ts--,all is well6-- ,& all ?+s at ! great deceit rebel4 ,nay1 if y\r m9ds to co9 ! flatt]y d>e1 ,y\r he>ts z (t5 lay ! falsehood b>e4 ,! gloomy tru? admits ( no disguise-- ,evil is on ! e>?6#agb ,= once1 ,g5tlem51 we w n contradict our old neighbor ( ,f]ney4 ,yes1 evil is on ! e>?2 & x con/itutes1 9 ! "q :i* we are discuss+1 ! greate/ ( problems1 ! mo/ s]i\s ( difficulties4 ,let u li/5 to a mod]n poet3 ,:y !n s great1 ,o ,sov]eign ,"l1 ,came evil f ?y =m+ h&1 ,t ,reason1 yea1 & ,virtue /& ,agha/ be=e ! sight abhorr$8 ,& h[ c de$s s hide\s gl>e ,b5ea? ! beams ( holy light1 ,t on ! lips ( hapless wight ,dies at _! view ! trembl+ pray]8 ,:y d ! _m p>ts agree ,s scantly 9 ?y "w sublime8 ,& :at is pe/il5ce1 or crime1 ,or dea?1 ,o righte\s ,god1 to ,!e8#agc ,we h only to put ?is poetry into common prose to obta9 ?is argum5t1 namely1--,! pres5ce ( evil 9 ! _w is n compatible ) ! idea ( ! goodness ( ,god4 ,"h is ! objection 9 all its =ce4 ,& :at is ! answ]8 ,simply ?is1 t ,god did n create evil4 ,x 0 n ,he :o br\ght crime into ! _w4 ,he creat$ lib]ty1 :i* is a good1 & evil is ! produce ( creat$ lib]ty 9 rebellion aga9/ ! law ( its be+4 ,i borr[ f ,jean-,jacques ,r\sseau ! developm5t ( ?is ?\ght4 ,if man1 says he1 is a free ag5t1 !n he acts ( himself2 :atev] he does freely ent]s n into ! orda9$ sy/em ( ,provid5ce1 & _c be imput$ to x4 ,! ,creator does n w ! evil :i* man does1 9 abus+ ! lib]ty :i* ,he gives him4 ,he has made him free 9 ord] t he may d n evil b good by *oice4 ,to murmur because ,god does n h9d] him f do+ evil1 is to murmur because ,he made him ( an excell5t nature1 atta*$ to 8 actions ! moral "* :i* ennobles !m1 & gave him a "r to virtue4 ,:at6 9 ord] to prev5t man f be+ wick$1 mu/ he ne$s be conf9$ to in/9ct & made a m]e brute8 ,no2 ,god ( my s\l1 nev] w ,i reproa* ,!e ) hav+ made x 9 ,?9e image1 9 ord] t ,i might be free1 good1 & happy1 l ,?yself4 ,x is ! abuse ( our faculties :i* r5d]s u unhappy & wick$4 ,our vexations & our c>es come to u f ourselves4 ,su* is ,r\sseau's answ] to ! objection drawn f ! exi/5ce ( evil4 ,x is a good "o4 ,x is s good t x is impossible to f9d a bett]4 ,if we are det]m9$ n to outrage ! human consci5ce by d5y+ ! reality ( evil2 if ,god is ! sov]eign good1 & if !re is no o!r pr9ciple ( ?+s ?an ,he2 evil _c be acc\nt$ = o!rwise ?an by ! rebellion ( ! creature4 ,b n[1 ,r\sseau's answ]1 excell5t 9 itself & 9 ! ab/ract1 becomes pr(\ndly inadequate1 z ! citiz5 ( ,g5eva goes on to develop 8 !ory4 ,evil comes f ! creature2 b ea* individual is n ! exclusive s\rce ( ! evils :i* he does & suff]s4 ,to attribute to ea* individual1 n only ! responsibility ( 8 acts1 b ! orig9 ( ! evil g]ms :i* exi/ 9 8 s\l1 is ! unt5able proposition ( a desp]ate individualism4 ,!re is evid5tly among m5 a common prop]ty 9 evil2 ,r\sseau sees x cle>ly en\gh1 b he makes va9 ef=ts to f9d 9 ! organization ( society & 9 ! condition ( civilization ! causes ( pa9 & ( s94 ,:5 "o has come to see cle>ly t ! s\rce ( evil is 9 ! creature1 ! close mutual connection ( creat$ wills & _! relations ) nature pres5t a field = long & difficult /udy2 & ,r\sseau has no soon] disc]n$ ! road to tru? ?an he w&]s away into byroads 9 :i* ! solution ( ! problem escapes him4 ,?is problem1 ,g5tlem51 ,i h ! int5tion & desire ( /udy+ "s day1 if ,god p]mit1 ) ^? ( y :o may be will+ to und]take x ) me4 ,we %all !n h to deal ) an objection1 or r ) a difficulty4 ,b ?is difficulty1 :i* we _c n[ dispose (1 mu/ n h9d] u f /at+ our !sis4 ,9 e well-conduct$ /udy1 ! propositions to be ma9ta9$ mu/ be laid d[n & support$ be=e deal+ ) objections4 ,if x 7 ma9ta9$ t evil is ! pr9ciple ( ?+s1 x w\ld be necess>y fir/ ( all to endeavor to e/abli% ! !sis1 9 :i* ! exi/5ce ( good w\ld be br\ght =w>d1 & w\ld con/itute ! objection4 ,! objection w\ld h to be answ]$--,:y has good appe>$ 9 ! _w8 ,& ,i w\ld j say 9 pass+1 t our libr>ies are full ( treatises ^u ! orig9 ( evil1 & ,i h nev] met ) "o ^u ! orig9 ( good4 ,x appe>s !re=e t reason has always admitt$1 by a sort ( in/9ct1 ! id5tity ( good1 & ( ! pr9ciple ( be+4 ,our !sis is t ! pr9ciple ( ! univ]se is good4 ,we are go+ to try to demon/rate x4 ,aft]w>ds ! difficulty1 evil1 w pres5t itself1 ( :i* x w be necess>y to seek ! explanation4 ,?is w be ! natural sequel1 & ! necess>y complem5t ( ! c\rse ( lectures :i* we are conclud+ to-day4 ,i pass to ano!r difficulty1 ano!r *all5ge :i* also has be5 address$ to me4 ,y\r object1 ,*ri/ians h said to me1 is to e/abli% t ! pr9ciple & gr\nd ( all ?+s is goodness4 ,?is y w n be able to d )\t dep>t+ f y\r prescrib$ plan1 & ent]+ ^u ! doma9 ( ,*ri/ian fai? prop]ly s call$4 ,9 y\r exam9ation ( ! univ]se w y leave out ( view ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,8 "w8 ,d y n "k t x is by means ( ?is "w t ! idea ( ! love ( ,god has be5 implant$ 9 ! _w1 & t x is !nce y h tak5 x8 ,d y ?9k to climb to ! l(tie/ heights ( ?\ght1 & to make ! asc5t by "s o!r road ?an ov] ! m\nta9 ( ,naz>e? & ! hill ( ,calv>y8 ,g5tlem51 ,i decl>$ my :ole m9d on ?is subject at fir/ />t+4 ,! complete idea ( ,god dem&s1 = its ma9t5ance1 ! gr& doctr9al f\ndations ( our fai?4 ,*ri/ian 9 its orig91 firm fai? 9 ! love ( ,god ! ,creator requires = its def5ce ! armor ( ! ,gospel4 ,b be=e def5d+ ?is belief1 we mu/ fir/ e/abli% x2 we mu/ %[ t x has natural roots 9 human nature4 ,*ri/ianity purifies & /r5g!ns x1 b x does n 9 an absolute s5se create x4 ,! m>k ( tru? is t x does n /rike u z some?+ absolutely new1 b t x f9ds an e*o 9 ! dep?s ( our s\l4 ,:5 we meet ) x1 we seem to re-ent] into ! possession ( our patrimony4 ,! ,cross ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is )\t all contradiction ! mo/ transc5d5t pro( ( ! m]cy ( ! ,creator2 b ! ,cross ( ,jesus ,*ri/ r w>rants ! ,*ri/ian 9 believ+ 9 ! ,div9e love ?an gives him ! idea ( x4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% 9 ! ,gospel betwe5 ! univ]sal religion :i* x has re/or$1 & ! act itself ( t re/oration1 :i* con/itutes ! ,gospel 9 ! special s5se ( ! ^w4 ,n[ :at ,i am "h ma9ta9+ is ! fact ( ! exi/5ce 9 mod]n society ( ! elem5ts ( ! univ]sal religion4 ,i am f> f %>+ 9 ! illusions ( my fell[-c\ntryman ,r\sseau1 :5 he affirms t ev5 if he _h liv$ 9 a des]t isle1 & _h nev] kn[n a fell[-man1 he w\ld nev]!less h be5 able to write ! ,pr(ession de foi du ,vicaire ,savoy>d4 ,i "k v well t if ,i 7 a ,brahm91 born at ! foot ( ! ,himalayas1 or a ,*9ese m&>91 ,i %\ld n be able to say all t ,i am say+ respect+ ! goodness ( ,god4 ,! light :i* we h receiv$--,i "k :5ce x radiates2 b1 by ! help ( t light1 ,i seek its k9dr$ rays ev]y:]e1 & ev]y:]e ,i f9d !m 9 humanity4 ,let u endeavor1 !n1 accord+ to our plan1 to recognize 9 ! univ]se ! m>ks ( ! ,div9e goodness4 ,let u fir/ ( all int]rogate ! human s\l1 :i* is c]ta9ly "o ( ! ess5tial elem5ts ( ! _w2 & let u int]rogate x ) reg>d to ! great fact ( religion4 ,! univ]sal religion pres5ts to obs]vation two pr9cipal =ms ( m5tal exp]i5ce3 ! s5se ( ! necessity = appeas+ ! ,div9e ju/ice1 & ! s5se ( ! necessity = obta9+ ! help ( ,god4 ,! s5se ( ! necessity = appeas+ ju/ice reveals itself 9 sacrifices4 ,!re are sacrifices :i* are m]ely (f]+s ( gratitude1 & freewill gifts ( love4 ,b :5 y see ! blood ( animals fl[+ 9 ! temples1 & n seldom human blood gu%+ =? ^u ! alt>s1 y w be unable to escape ! conviction t man1 9 pres5t+ himself be=e ! ,deity1 feels con/ra9$ to appease a ju/ice :i* ?reat5s him4 ,! s5se ( ! ne$ ( help %[s itself 9 pray]2 & ?is mu/ be ! especial object ( our /udy1 because x is 9 ! fact ( religi\s invocation t we %all enc\nt] ! idea1 obscure p]haps1 b real1 ( ! goodness ( ! ,fir/ ,cause ( ! univ]se4 ,pray] is a fact ( ! univ]sal religion4 ,:5ce is x t we d]ive a l>ge "p ( :at k we h ( ! anci5t civilizations ( ,india & ,egypt8 ,f ru9s3 & ! *ief ( ^! ru9s are ! ru9s ( temples1 t is to say1 ( h\ses ( pray]4 ,w\ld we g fur!r back ?an ^! monum5ts ( /one8 ,i int]rogate ^? pione]s ( sci5ce :o are se>*+ = ! traces ( antiquity 9 old languages1--9 ! ru9s ( spee*4 ,i inquire1 = example1 ( my le>n$ fell[-c\ntryman1 ,m4 ,adolphe ,pictet3 ,y :o h /udi$1 ) pati5t c>e1 ! fir/ orig9s ( our race--:at h y discov]$ 9 ! way ( religion8 ,he replies3 ,:5 ,i h gone z f> back z hi/orical speculations c c>ry u by ! aid ( language1 x appe>s to me t ,i no long] see temples built by ! h& ( man1 b1 b5ea? ! op5 vault ( heav51 ,i see our e>lie/ ance/ors s5d+ up toge!r ! *ant ( pray] & ! flame ( sacrifice4#agd ,& n[1 f ?is remote antiquity1 ,i come d[n to ! paganism1 9 :i* mod]n civilization _h its beg9n+4 ,t]tullian tea*es u t ! pagans1 seem+ to =get _! idols1 & to (f] a spontane\s te/imony to ! tru?1 7 (t5 wont to exclaim--,great ,god6 ,good ,god6 ,:at 9 _! m9d 0 ! ord] ( ^! two ?\ghts1 ! ?\ght ( greatness & t ( goodness8 ,! p$im5t ( a temple at ,rome bore ?is fam\s inscription1 ,deo optimo maximo2 & ,cic]o expla9s to u t ! ,god ( ! ,capitol 0 by ! ,roman p nam$ v good on acc\nt ( ! b5efits conf]r$ by him1 & v great on acc\nt ( 8 p[]4#age ,x is ! idea ( goodness :i* "h appe>s to be fir/4 ,b let u g m directly to ! root ( ! "q3 ,:at d we ga!r f ! univ]sality ( pray]8 ,:at is x to pray8 ,to pray is to ask4 ,pray] may be m+l$ ) ?anksgiv+s1 & ) expressions ( adoration1 b 9 itself pray] is a petition4 ,?is petition rises to ,god3 & :5 does x s rise8 ,9 di/ress1 9 angui%4 ,x is mis]y1 weakness1 ! he>t ca/ d[n1 ! fail+ w1 :i* unite to raise f e>? to heav5 t long cry :i* res\nds across all ! pages ( hi/ory3 ,help6--,i analyze ?is fact1 & inquire :at x means4 ,a reque/ is made1 & = :at8 ,= /r5g?1 = tranquillity1 = peace2 = happ9ess "u all its =ms4 ,& ( :om is happ9ess ask$8 ,( goodness4 ,ju/ice is appeas$1 p[] is dread$1 b x is goodness :i* is invok$4 ,x is s 9 human relations4 ,! man :o supplicates ! fi]ce/ tyrant only does s because he supposes t a fibre ( goodness may /ill vibrate 9 t savage he>t4 ,take f him t ?\ght2 p]suade him t ! la/ gleam ( pity is ext9ct 9 ! he>t to :i* he appeals1 & y w arre/ ! pray] on ! lips ( ! suppliant4 ,!re w rema9 = him only ! sil5ce ( despair1 or ! h]oism ( resignation4 ,to sum up3--,religion is a univ]sal fact4 ,!re is no religion )\t pray]1 said ,voltaire1 & he nev] said bett]4 ,!re is no pray] )\t a confus$1 p]haps1 b real1 conviction ( ! goodness ( ! ,fir/ ,cause ( ! univ]se4 ,if y c\ld /ifle 9 man's he>t ! feel+ t ! ,pr9ciple ( ?+s is good1 y w\ld sil5ce ov] ! :ole globe t voice ( pray] :i* is ev] ris+ to ,god4 ,?us humanity itself te/ifies to ! tru? = :i* ,i am cont5d+4 ,humanity prays2 x believes !re=e 9 ! goodness ( ,god4 ,?is fact is an argum5t4 ,! he>t ( man is organiz$ to believe t ,god is good3 x is ! m>k set by ! ,work] ,himself ^u ,8 "w4 ,let u /udy n[ ano!r ( ! elem5ts ( ! univ]se4 ,we h he>d ! answ] ( man's he>t2 let u ask = ! answ] ( reason4 ,has reason no?+ to tell u respect+ ! int5tions ( ! ,creator8 ,let u place x 9 pres5ce ( ! idea ( ,god--( ! ,inf9ite ,be+1 & see :at x w be able to tea* u4 ,to atta9 my object1 ,i mu/ expla9 m p>ticul>ly ?an z yet ,i h done1 a ^w r5d]$ frivol\s by ! levity ( our he>t1 a ^w defil$ by ! disord] ( our passions1 & too (t5 by ! unwor?9ess1 & worse1 ( poets & noveli/s1 b :i* /ill1 9 its virg9 purity1 is ev] prote/+ aga9/ ! outrages to :i* x has be5 subject$3 t ^w is love4 ,?is ^w has two pr9cipal mean+s4 ,9 ! ,platonic s5se ( x1 x is ! se>* aft] :at is beautiful1 great1 noble1 pure1--aft] :at1 z be+ ( ! v real nature ( ! s\l1 attracts1 fills1 & delights x4 ,b !re is ano!r sort ( love1 :i* does n pursue greatness & beauty1 b :i* gives itself2 a love :i* seeks ! wret*$ to enri* him1 ! poor to make him happy1 ! fall5 to raise him up4 ,^! two k9ds ( love seem to foll[ diff]5t & ev5 contr>y laws4 ,"h1 = in/ance1 is a description ( :at (t5 occurs 9 a l>ge city4#agf ,a man leaves 8 h\se 9 ! ev5+ 9 ord] to be pres5t at p]=mances 9 :i* ,i am will+ to believe t ev]y?+ be>s ! /amp ( nobl5ess & gr&eur1 or at lea/ ( a pure & :olesome ta/e4 ,he exp]i5ces ke5 enjoym5t1 & t ( an elevat$ k9d4 ,! spectacle ov]1 he returns to 8 dwell+1 & at a /ill lat] h\r he retires at l5g? to 8 repose4 ,he has n long ext+ui%$ 8 luxuri\s tap]s1 p]haps1 :5 o!r m51 :o h slept :ile o!rs 7 seek+ amusem5t1 rise be=e daylight1 &1 light+ _! small lant]ns1 g =? to succor ! un=tunate1 )\t witnesses & )\t o/5tation4 ,i h tak5 ?is example f ,xavi] de ,mai/re4 ,let me give y ano!r f sc5es m famili> to ourselves4 ,y "k ^? pure summ] morn+s1 :5 "o may truly say t ! ,alp smiles & t ! m\nta9 invites4 ,a "y man quits 8 dwell+ at ! fir/ dawn+ ( ! day1 9 8 h& ! t\ri/'s /aff1 & 8 c\nt5ance beam+ ) joy4 ,he />ts on a m\nta9 excursion4 ,all day long he quaffs ! pure air ) delight1 revels 9 ! fre$om ( ! pa/ure-gr\nds1 9 ! view ( ! l(ty summits & ( ! di/ant horizons4 ,he reposes 9 ! %ade ( ! =e/1 dr9ks at ! spr+ f ! rock1 & :5 he has gaz$ on ! ,alp9e *a9 respl5d5t 9 ! radiance ( ! sett+ sun1 he l+]s /ill to see-- ,twilight its f>ewell to ! hills delay+4#agg ,noble enjoym5ts6 ,?is "y man enjoys because he loves4 ,! spectacle ( ! creation speaks to 8 he>t & elevates 8 ?\ghts4 ,he loves t en*ant+ nature1 :i* bl5ds 9 a m>vell\s union ! impressions :i* 9 human relations are produc$ by ! /rong man's maje/y & ! maid5's sweete/ smile4 ,on ?is same summ]-day1 ano!r man has also ris5 be=e ! sun4 ,he is devot$ to ! assuag+ ( human mis]ies1 & he has _h mu* to d4 ,he has m\nt$ gloomy /aircases2 he has ent]$ d>k *amb]s2 he has sp5t "t 9 hospitals1 9 ! mid/ ( ! pa9s ( sickness2 he has come1 9 prisons1 to ! relief ( pa9s :i* are sadd] /ill4 ,day1 z x dawn$1 gild$ ! summits ( ! ,alps1 b he saw n t pure light ( ! morn+4 ,day1 z x advanc$1 p5etrat$ into ! valleys1 b he did n notice its progress4 ,! sun set 9 8 glory1 b he _h no opportunity to admire ei!r ! bright reflection ( ! wat]s1 or ! rosy t9t ( ! m\nta9s4 ,& yet he too is joyful because he loves4 ,he loves ! fulfilm5t ( /]n duty1 he loves pov]ty solac$1 & suff]+ alleviat$4 ,"h are ! two k9ds ( love4 ,! disciple ( ,plato rises1 f> f ! vulg>ities ( life1 into ! l(ty regions ( ! ideal1 & fe$s on beauty4 ,v9c5t de ,paul takes ! place ( a convict at ! galleys t he may re/ore a fa!r to 8 *ildr54 ,^! two k9ds ( love seem to u to be contr>y "o to ! o!r3 ! "o seeks itself1 & ! o!r gives itself4 ,/ill !y are bo? necess>y to life1 = 9 ord] to give we mu/ receive4 ,9 ! accompli%m5t ( ! works ( goodness1 ! s\l w\ld be impov]i%$ & w\ld end by dry+ up 9 a purely me*anical ex]cise ( b5efic5ce1 _h x no spr+ f :i* to draw =? ! liv+ wat]s4 ,man mu/ himself f9d joy 9 ord] to diffuse x among/ 8 fell[s4 ,b m>k ! incomp>able m>vel ( ! spiritual ord] ( ?+s6 ,! love :i* gives itself is able to f9d its wor?ie/ object & its pure/ satisfaction 9 ! v act ( k9dness4 ,!re is joy 9 self-devotion2 !re is happ9ess 9 self-sacrifice3 ! f\nta9 furni%es its own supplies4 ,?us are h>moniz$ ! two contr>y t5d5cies ( ! he>t ( man4 ,x is m bless$ to give ?an to receive2 words ^!1 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i*1 =gott5 by ! ,evangeli/s1 h be5 record$ by ! ,apo/le ,/4 ,paul4 ,& s9ce ! ?\ght is a beautiful "o1 x has adorn$ ! /ra9s ( ! poets3 says ,lam>t9e-- ,do/ ?\ happ9ess resign ,to ano!r8 ,x is ?9e-- ,l>g] = ! l>gess--/ill6#agh ,& ,victor ,hugo1 p]sonify+ ,*>ity1 makes h] speak z foll[s3 ,de> to e man t lives1 ,joy ,i br+ to him :o gives1 ,joy ,i leave ) him :o takes4#agi ,& because ?is ?\ght is pr(\nd z well z beautiful1 x has be5 tak5 up by ! philosoph]s4 ,to love1 said ,leibnitz1 is to place "o's happ9ess 9 ! happ9ess ( ano!r4 ,"h is ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ,platonic love & ! love :i* is *>ity4 ,he> h[ a ,*ri/ian orator comm5ts ^u ^! words3--,?is sublime def9ition has no ne$ ( explanations3 x is ei!r und]/ood at once1 or x is n und]/ood4 ,! man :o has lov$ und]/&s x2 & he :o has n lov$ w nev] und]/& x4 ,he :o has lov$ kn[s t a %ad[ 9 ! he>t ( ! belov$ "o w\ld d>k5 8 own3 he kn[s t he w\ld reckon no means too co/ly--wat*+s1 labors1 privations--by :i* to create a smile on ! lips ( ! sorr[ful2 he kn[s t he w\ld die to r$eem a =feit$ life2 he kn[s t he w\ld be happy 9 ano!r's welf>e1 happy 9 8 graces1 happy 9 8 virtues1 happy 9 8 glory1 happy 9 8 happ9ess4 ,! man :o has lov$ kn[s all ?is2 he :o has n lov$ kn[s no?+ ( x3--,i pity him6#ahj ,b ! great mi/ake1 :i* seems peculi> to our nature1 is t we are ev] connect+ happ9ess ) ! idea ( receiv+1 & are always ?9k+ ( giv+ z ( a loss to ourselves4 ,we d n und]/& t selfi%ly to keep is to be impov]i%$1 :ile freely to rel9qui% is to be enri*$4 ,yet "h is ! gr& discov]y ( ! spiritual life2 & once ?is discov]y made1 9 ord] t ! spiritual life may atta9 its object1 x only rema9s to f9d ! /r5g? to put x into practice4 ,selfi%ness is wrong1 no d\bt1 b x is n only wrong1 x is ignorant1 = x looks = happ9ess :]e x is n2 & x is unhappy1 = x w&]s f ! pa?s ( peace4 ,let u n[ apply ^! consid]ations to ! ,inf9ite ,be+1 & to ! problem ( ! end ( ! creation4 ,leav+ ourselves to ! guidance ( ! laws ( our reason1 let u ask :at object we %all be able to attribute to ! ,creator 9 ,8 "w8 ,w creation be ! effect ( a necessity8 ,no1 ,sirs1 = 9 t case ev]y?+ 9 ! _w w\ld be a matt] ( fate1 & lib]ty w\ld rema9 inexplicable4 ,if a bl9d p[] 7 direct+ ! ,almighty ,w1 we %\ld return to ! wor%ip ( de/9y4 ,w creation1 !n1 be ! c>ry+ out ( a design ( :i* ! motive is int]e/8 ,b :at conceivable int]e/ c influ5ce ,him :o is ! pl5titude ( be+8 ,or w creation be a duty8 ,b :5ce %\ld come ! obligation = ! ,be+ :o is 9 ,himself ! absolute law8 ,creation c only be conceiv$ ( z a "w ( love4 ,b ( :at love8 ,( t :i* is ! manife/ation ( absolute dis9t]e/$ness1 ( supreme lib]ty4 ,all[ me to introduce into ?is discussion "s eloqu5t words1 utt]$ 9 ! ye> #ahdh1 9 ! mid/ ( ! revolution>y agitations ( ,p>is4 ,! problem :i* we are debat+ 0 treat$ !n1 9 ! pres5ce ( an excit$ cr[d1 by ,pre ,lacordaire4#aha ,he is ent]+ ^u ?is "q3 ,:at c h be5 ! motive ( ! creation8 ,& he di/+ui%es betwe5 love 9 ! ,platonic s5se ( x1 = :i* he reta9s ! "n ( love1 & ! love :i* gives itself1 :i* he designates by ! t]m--goodness4 ,0 x !n love1 he asks1 :i* impell$ ! ,div9e ,w1 & said to x unceas+ly3 ,g & create8 ,is x love :i* we mu/ ?us reg>d z our fir/ fa!r8 ,b1 alas6 love itself has a cause 9 ! beauty ( its object2 & :at beauty c\ld t dead & icy %ade possess be=e ,god1 :i* prec$$ ! univ]se1 & to :i* we _c give a "n )\t betray+ ! tru?8444 ,!re rema9$ some?+1 ,sirs1 be v sure1 m g5]\s ?an self-int]e/1 m elevat$ ?an duty1 m p[]ful ?an love4 ,se>* y\r own he>ts1 & if y f9d x h>d to und]/& me1 if y\r own end[m5ts are unkn[n to y1 li/5 to ,bossuet speak+ ( y3--',:5 ,god1' says he1 'made ! he>t ( man1 ! fir/ ?+ ,he plant$ !re 0 goodness3' goodness2 t is to say1 t virtue :i* does n consult self-int]e/1 :i* does n wait = ! comm&s ( duty1 :i* ne$s n to be solicit$ by ! attraction ( ! beautiful1 b :i* /oops t[>ds its object all ! m1 z x is poor]1 m mis]able1 m ab&on$1 m wor?y ( contempt6 ,x is true1 ,sirs1 x is true3 man possesses t adorable faculty4 ,x is n g5ius1 nor glory1 nor love1 :i* measures ! elevation ( 8 s\l1--x is goodness4 ,?is x is :i* gives to ! human c\nt5ance its pr9cipal & mo/ p[]ful *>m2 ?is x is :i* draws u toge!r2 ?is x is :i* br+s into communication ! good & ! evil1 & :i* is ev]y:]e1 f heav5 to e>?1 ! great m$iat+ pr9ciple4 ,see1 at ! foot ( ! ,alps1 yon mis]able crt91 :i*1 eyeless1 smileless1 te>less1 is n ev5 consci\s ( its own degradation1 & :i* looks l an ef=t ( nature to insult itself 9 ! di%onor ( ! greate/ ( its own productions3 b bew>e h[ y imag9e t t wret*$ object has n f\nd ! road to any he>t1 or t 8 debasem5t has depriv$ him ( ! love ( all ! _w4 ,no3 he is belov$2 he has a "m1 he has bro!rs & si/]s2 he has a place at ! cottage-he>?2 he has ! be/ place & ! mo/ sacr$ ( all1 j because ( all he may seem to h ! lea/ claim to any4 ,! bosom :i* nurs$ him supports him /ill1 & ! sup]/ition ( love nev] speaks ( him b z ( a bless+ s5t ( ,god4 ,su* is man6 ,b c ,i say1 ,su* is man1 )\t say+ also1 ,su* is ,god6 ,f :om w\ld man d]ive goodness1 if ,god 7 n ! primordial ,ocean ( goodness1 & if1 :5 ,he =m$ our he>t1 ,he _h n fir/ ( all p\r$ into x a drop f ,8 own8 ,yes1 ,god is good2 yes1 goodness is ! attribute :i* includes 9 x all ! re/2 & x is n )\t reason t antiquity engrav$ on ! p$im5t ( its temples t fam\s inscription1 9 :i* goodness prec$$ greatness4 ,n[1 to say no?+ ( ! sp>kl+ beauty ( ^! words1 let u pause at ?is def9ite idea3 ,! ,et]nal1 ! fir/ univ]sal ,cause ( all ?+s1 indep5d5tly ( :i* no?+ exi/s1 c\ld only create "u ! impell+ motive ( ! goodness :i* gives1 & n ( ! love :i* seeks requital4 ,?is proposition is z cle> 9 ! ab/ract z any !orem ( geometry4 ,b we h t\*$ ! ?re%old ( ! inf9ite2 & we nev] t\* ! ?re%old ( ! inf9ite )\t fall+ into "s degree ( bewild]m5t4 ,cle> z ?is ?\ght is 9 ! ab/ract1 if we wi% to analyze x 9 its real sub/ance1 our view is confus$4 ,y und]/& well t goodness increases 9 ! proportion 9 :i* its object is dim9i%$4 ,we are by s mu* m good z we /oop to t :i* is poor] & m mis]able4 ,:at !n %all be ! inf9ite goodness8 ,9 ord] to f9d x1 we mu/ inf9itely dim9i% its object3 & "h we enc\nt] my/]y4 ,to dim9i% an object inf9itely is an op]ation impossible to our ?\ght4 ,?is my/]y is enc\nt]$ ev5 9 ! ma!matical sci5ces4 ,we take a quantity1 halve x1 & aga9 halve ?is half1 & s on )\t end1 b we %all nev] obta9 ! inf9ity ( smallness2 = ! quantity indef9itely divid$ w always rema9 indef9itely divisible4 ,at :atev] degree ( division we may h arriv$1 betwe5 :at rema9s & no?+ness !re ext5ds always ! abyss ( ! inf9ite4 ,s ,i seek = ! object ( inf9ite goodness3 t object mu/ be inf9itely de/itute4 ,i dim9i% accord+ly ! exi/5ce ( ! univ]se3 ,i ext+ui% all ! rays ( its beauty2 ,i take f x ord]1 life1 measure1 color1 light2 ,i r$uce x until x is no?+ b =mless matt]1 a some?+--,i "k n :at--:i* has no long] a "n4 ,va9 attempt6 ,?is nameless some?+1 s long z x is any?+1 w n be no?+4 ,betwe5 x & no?+ !re w always be ! inf9ite4 ,if ! goodness ( ,god is appli$ to any object :i* 0 exi/+ indep5d5tly ( ,him1 h[ev] poor & abject t object be conceiv$ to h be51 !n ,god is no long] ! unique1 ! absolute ,creator4 ,if imag9ation w cross ! abyss1 we %all come ( necessity to say--:at8 t ! object ( inf9ite love mu/ h be5 non-exi/5ce4 ,?is is :at ! orator already quot$ has done3--,all p]fection supposes an object to :i* to apply itself4 ,! div9e goodness !re=e requires an object z va/ & pr(\nd z itself4 ,god discov]$ x4 ,f ! bosom ( ,8 own fulness ,he saw t be+ )\t beauty1 )\t =m1 )\t life1 )\t "n1 t be+ )\t be+ :i* we call non-exi/5ce3 ,he he>d ! cry ( worlds :i* 7 n1 ! cry ( a measureless de/itution call+ to a measureless goodness4 ,et]nity 0 tr\bl$1 %e said to ,"t3 ,beg96 ,?is1 ,g5tlem51 is eloqu5ce4 ,! ?\ght 9 itself does n be> a rigor\s analysis2 b d n ?9k t ! lu/r\s beauty ( ! language is only a brilliant veil to :at 9 itself is absurd4 ,we h arriv$ at d>kness1 b x is at d>kness visible2 ! cl\d is light$ up by ! ray t issues f x4 ,our goodness1 f9ite creatures z we are1 is s mu* ! great] z ! object on :i* x is be/[$ is less4 ,inf9ite goodness mu/ create = itself an object4 ,x does n love no?+ness1 b a creature :i* is no?+ 9 itself1 a creature simply possible1 :i*1 be=e ow+ to x ! bless+s ( exi/5ce1 %all owe to x t exi/5ce itself4 ,! only be+ t we c repres5t to ourselves1 by a sublime image1 z /oop+ t[>ds no?+ness1 is ,he ^: look gives life4 ,! creature is will$ = itself1 or1--to quote ! words ( ,pr(essor ,secrtan1 address$ to y la/ ye>1--! f\ndation ( nature is grace4#ahb ,we ask3 ,:at c h be5 ! object ( creation8 ,our reason answ]s3 ,! ,inf9ite ,be+ c only act f goodness1 ,he c h no o!r object ?an ! happ9ess ( ,8 creatures4 ,& n[ ,i recapitulate4 ,we ask :at is ! object ( creation2 & :]eas we _c transport ourselves into ! inaccessible light ( ! ,div9e consci\sness1 we "q ! "w ( ,god 9 ord] to disc]n ! int5tions ( ! ,creator4 ,f ! fact t humanity prays1 we ga!r ! reply t man has a spontane\s belief 9 ! goodness ( ! ,fir/ ,cause ( ! univ]se4 ,we place reason 9 pres5ce ( ! idea ( ! ,inf9ite ,be+2 reason decl>es to u t ,he :o is ! pl5itude ( ,be+ c\ld n h creat$ except f ! motive ( love4 ,we und]/& t ,god has made all = ,8 own glory1 & t ,8 glory consi/s 9 ! manife/ation ( ,8 goodness4 ,^! ?\ghts1 9 _! full light1 belong to ! ,gospel revelation1 b !y appe>1 "u a veil1 9 ! conceptions :i* lie at ! basis ( pagan religions4 ,)\t ent]+ ! temple ( idols1 we may b[ ! knee be=e ! p$im5t ( ! anci5t sanctu>y1 &1 b5ea? ! op5 vault ( heav51 adore1 ) ! ,roman p1 t ,god ^: goodness takes prec$5ce ( ,8 greatness4 ,! direct consequ5ce ( ! pr9ciples :i* we h j laid d[n is t happ9ess is ! object ( our exi/5ce4 ,creat$ by goodness1 we c h no o!r end ?an bless$ness4 ,b bew>e ( suppos+ t we c take = our guide our desire ( happ9ess1 & ourselves calculate its conditions4 ,happ9ess is our end2 x is ! w ( our ,fa!r2 b we mu/ let ourselves be conduct$ into x4 ,if1 %utt+ our e>s to ! voice :i* lays ^u u comm&s & obligations1 we w\ld take our de/9ies into our own h&s2 if we made ! se>* aft] happ9ess our rule1 und]/&+ happ9ess 9 our own way1 we %\ld be tak+ = light fanta/ic gleams :i* w\ld lead u into abysses ( ru94 ,! unruly prop5sities ( our he>t w\ld lead u to make ourselves ! c5tre ( ! _w4 ,to live = self is ! motto ( selfi%ness1 & ! wat*word ( unhapp9ess4 ,to live = ,god is ! way to happ9ess4 ,to live to ,god1 t is to say1 ov] ! ru9s ( our %att]$ selfi%ness1 to ent] into ord]1 to take our place 9 ! spiritual edifice ( *>ity1 & to %>e 9 ! joy :i* ,god allots to all ,8 *ildr5--?is is ! end ( our creation4 ,once lift$ to ! height ( ?is ?\ght1 we are able to und]/& ! great /ruggle :i* r5t ! consci5ce ( ! anci5ts1 because 9 _! times ! light ( tru? illum9$ only at int]vals ! cl\ds ( error :i* cov]$ ! _w4 ,!re are 9 man two voices2 ! "o lead+ him to happ9ess1 ! o!r call+ him to hol9ess4 ,! fir/ impulse ( 8 nature is to />t 9 eag] pursuit ( m]e enjoym5t2 b ere long ! second voice is he>d1 ! voice ( consci5ce1 /riv+ to arre/ him 9 8 c\rse4 ,if man d n obey h] call1 consci5ce becomes 8 *a/is]4 ,h5ce arises a pa9ful /ruggle ( conflict+ feel+s1 & ! human m9d is ! subject ( a /rong temptation to pacify itself by sil5c+ "o ( ! two voices4 ,x is ! hi/ory ( antiquity4 ,socrates1 ! wise ,socrates1 _h inde$ cri$ al\d3 ,woe6 woe to ! man :o sep>ates ! j f ! useful2 & _h w>n$ m5 t happ9ess may be f\nd ap>t f :at is "r & good4 ,cic]o put into beautiful ,lat9 ! lessons ( ! ,grecian sage2 b ! torn he>t ( man 0 n long 9 te>+ ! mantle ( ! philosoph]4 ,f ! ?\ght1 full & complete z x is1 ( ,socrates issu$ two celebrat$ sects1 "o ( :i* wi%$ to e/abli% man's life on ! basis ( duty )\t ref]5ce to happ9ess2 & ! o!r on ! basis ( happ9ess )\t ref]5ce to duty4 ,! ,/oics atta*$ !mselves to duty2 b ! ne$ ( happ9ess ass]t$ itself 9 spite ( !m1 & s\ght satisfaction 9 ! gloomy pleasure ( isolation1 & 9 ! savage joy ( pride4 ,! sage ( ^! philosoph]s sets himself free1 n only f all ! c>es ( e>?1 b f all ! bonds ( ! he>t1 f all natural affection4 ,f9ally1 by a consequ5ce1 at once sad & odd1 ( ! same doctr9e1 ! highe/ po9t ( self-possession is to prove t man is ma/] ( himself1 by ! emancipation ( suicide & 9 ! lib]ty ( dea?4 ,! ,/oic philosoph] decl>es himself ins5sible to ! ills ( life2 he d5ies t pa9 is an evil2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 he claims ! "r to kill himself 9 ord] to escape f ! ills ( exi/5ce6 ,s end$ ?is fam\s s*ool4 ,at ! same p]iod1 ! h]d ( ,epicurus' foll[]s1 giv+ !mselves ov] to weak & %ameful indulg5ces1 7 ?us 9 fact labor+ ) all _! might 7?is is ,montesquieu's op9ion7 to prep>e t enorm\s corruption "u :i* 7 to s9k toge!r ! glory ( ,rome & ! civilization ( ! anci5t _w4 ,?is /ruggle :i* r5t ! anci5t consci5ce1 & :i* /ill r5ds ! mod]n consci5ce :]ev] ! goodness ( ,god cont9ues veil$--?is great conflict is appeas$ :5 we h come to und]/& t goodness is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ?+s1 t happ9ess is our end1 & t ! /]n voice ( consci5ce is a fri5dly voice :i* w>ns u to %un ^? pa?s ( error 9 :i* we %\ld enc\nt] wret*$ness4 ,! consci5ce is ! voice ( ! ,ma/]2 & ! same au?ority :i*1 speak+ 9 ! "n ( duty1 bids u--,be good1 adds1 9 ! g5tle acc5ts ( hope--& ?\ %alt be happy4 ,happ9ess1 duty1--^! are ! two aspects ( ! ,div9e ,w4 ,love is ! solution ( ! univ]sal enigma4 ,!re=e1 surpris+ z ! ?\ght may be1 x is our duty to be happy4 ,our pr(ession ( fai?1 :5 we look above1 mu/ be3 ,i believe 9 goodness2 & :5 we ent] aga9 into ourselves1 our pr(ession ( fai? %\ld be3 ,i believe 9 happ9ess4 ,& we d n believe 9 x4 ,n to believe 9 happ9ess is ! root ( our ills2 x is ! orig9al mis]y :i* includes all our mis]ies4 ,trifl]s t we are1 we give ourselves up to pleasure because we d n believe 9 joy3 frivol\s1 we run aft] giddy excitem5t because we d n believe 9 peace3 ) he>ts corrupt1 we ab&on ourselves to ! dev\r+ flame ( ! passions1 because we d n believe 9 ! s]5e light ( true felicity4 ,b ! m ! ?\ght ( ,god's love ent]s our m9d1 ! m w fai? 9 happ9ess issue f our s\l z a bless$ fl[]4 ,happ9ess is ! end ( our be+2 x is ! w ( ! ,fa!r4 ,to ea* "o ( u are ^! words address$3 ,god loves !e2 be happy6 ,if !re=e 7& ,i address myself m p>ticul>ly to ! y\ng] ( my he>]s71 if 9 ! dep? ( y\r s\l y are consci\s ( a sudd5 aspiration aft] true felicity1 ah6 d n suff] ! holy flame to be ext+ui%$1 d n talk ( illusions2 d n1 ,i pray y1 resign y\rselves to ! prose ( life2 to a dre>y & gloomy cont5t$ness ) a de/9y :i* has no ideal4 ,y\r nature does n deceive y2 x is y :o deceive y\rselves1 if y seek y\r own welf>e 9 ! _w ( fooli% or guilty *im]as4 ,li/5 to all ! voices :i* speak to y ( com=t2 be att5tive to all ! words ( peace4 ,seek1 labor1 pray1 till y are able to utt]1 9 quiet confid5ce1 ^? words ( ! ,psalmi/3 ,9 peace ,i lay me d[n to re/2 ,no fe>s ( evil haunt my brea/3 ,9 peace ,i sleep till dawn ( day1 ,= ,god1 my ,god1 is ne> alway3 ,on ,him 9 fai? my c>es ,i roll2 ,he nev] sleeps :o gu>ds my s\l4#ahc ,god 9 ! he>t--?is x is :i* adds ze/ to our enjoym5ts1 sanctifies our affections1 calms our griefs1 & :i*1 amid/ ! /ruggles1 ! sorr[s1 & ! h>r[+ afflictions ( life1 suff]s to rise f ! he>t to ! c\nt5ance t sublime smile :i* c %9e brightly ev5 ?r\gh te>s4 ,,footnotes3 #agb ,tri/es calculateurs des misres huma9es1 ,ne me consolez po9t1 v\s aigrissez mes pe9es2 ,et je ne vois en v\s que l'ef=t impuissant ,d'un fi] in=tun qui fe9t d'tre cont5t4 ,quel bonheur1 ,o mortels1 et faible et misrable4 ,v\s criez3 ,t\t e/ bi5 d'une voix lam5table2 ,l'univ]s v\s dm5t1 et votre propre coeur ,c5t fois de votre esprit a rfut l'erreur4 ,il le faut av\]1 le mal e/ sur la t]re4 ,,desa/re ,,de ,,lisbonne4 #agc ,p\rquoi donc1 ,o ,matre suprme1 ,z-tu cr le mal si gr& ,que la raison1 la v]tu mme ,s'p\vant5t en le voyant8 ,comm5t1 s\s la sa9te lumire1 ,voit-on des actes si hideux1 ,qu'ils font expir] la prire ,sur les lvres du malheureux8 ,p\rquoi1 dans ton oeuvre cle/e1 ,tant d'lm5ts si peu d'accord8 ,a quoi bon le crime et la pe/e1 ,o ,dieu ju/e6 p\rquoi la mort8 ,,alfr$ ,,de ,,musset1 ,espoir en ,dieu4 #agd ,les orig9es indo-europennes1 ou les ,aryas primitifs4--,! above is a rsum1 n a v]batim quotation4 #age ,quocirca te1 ,capitol9e1 quem propt] b5eficia populus ,romanus ,,optimum1 propt] vim ,,maximum nom9avit4 7,pro domo sua1 ,,lvii47 #agf ,see ! ,voyage aut\r de ma *ambre ( ,xavi] de ,mai/re4 #agg ,le crpuscule aux monts prolong] ses adieux4 #agh ,t\t le bonheur tu cdes ,accrot ta flicit4 #agi ,*re t\t homme quel qu'il soit1 ,j'apporte la joie qui donne ,et je la laisse qui reoit4 ,& ,%akspe>e-- 4444 ,m]cy 444 is twice bless'd1 ,x blesse? him t gives1 & him t takes4 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice4--,,tr4 #ahj ,lacordaire4 ,confr5ces de #ahdh4 #aha ,confr5ces de #ahdh1 p4 #gh4 #ahb ,la raison et le ,*ri/ianisme3 twelve lectures on ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 "o vol4 #abmo4 ,9 ! ,philosophie de la lib]t 7#b vols4 #hvo47 ,m4 ,secrtan has set =?1 9 a sev]ely sci5tific =m1 ! argum5ts ( :i* ! read] has j se5 ! oratorical expression f ! p5 ( ,pre ,lacordaire4 ,?is agreem5t is wor? notice1 ! dates %[+ t no communication 0 possible4 #ahc ,je me c\*e sans peur1 ,je m'endors sans frayeur1 ,sans cra9te je m'veille4 ,dieu qui s\ti5t ma foi ,e/ t\j\rs prs de moi1 ,et jamais ne sommeille4 ,,! ,,end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,cambridge3 ,pr9t$ by ,john ,wilson & ,son4