,libr>y ( ,p5nsylvania      ,,am]ican   
,,lu!ranism ,,v9dicat$2 ,,or1           
,,exam9ation ,,( ,,! ,,lu!ran ,,symbols1
 on ,,c]ta9 ,,disput$ ,,topics3         
,,includ+ ,a ,,reply ,,to ,,! ,,plea ,,(
 ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,mann4 ,,by ,s4 ,s4     
,,s*muck]1 ,d4 ,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,*ri/ian
 ,!ology 9 ! ,!ological ,sem9>y ( ,g5]al
 ,synod at ,gettysburg1 ,pa4  ,e>ne/ly  
cont5d = ! fai?1 once deliv]$ to !      
sa9ts4 ,,jude #c4  ,,baltimore3         
,,publi%$ ,,by ,t4 ,,newton ,,kurtz1    
,no4 #aea ,,we/ ,,pratt ,,/reet4 #ahef  
,ent]$ accord+ to act ( ,congress 9 !   
ye> #ahef1 ,,by ,s4 ,s4 ,,s*muck]1 ,,9  
,,! ,,cl]k',s ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict ,,c\rt  
,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,= ,,! ,,ea/]n
 ,,di/rict ,,( ,,p5nsylvania4 ,,/]eotyp$
 ,,by ,,george ,,*>les1 ,,no4 #i        
,,sansom ,,/41 ,,phila4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,c4
 ,,%]man  ,,son4   ,,to ,,! ,,read]4 ,! 
design ( ! foll[+ treatise1 & ! occasion
 :i* elicit$ x1 are indicat$ bo? on !   
title page & 9 ! introduction ( ! "w    
itself4 ,its prim>y object is n to      

discuss ! obligation ( ,synods to adopt 
! doctr9al basis ( ! ,plat=m4 ,:at we   
felt x a duty to ! *ur* to publi% on t  
subject1 we h pres5t$ 9 ! ,lu!ran       
,obs]v]4 ,b ! pamphlet ( ! ,rev4 ,mann1 
entitl$ ,plea = ! ,augsburg ,confession1
 hav+ call$ 9 "q ! accuracy ( "s ( !    
int]pretations ( t ,confession conta9$ 9
 ! ,def9ite ,synodical ,plat=m1 &       
affirm$ ! ,scriptural tru? ( "s ( !     
t5ets !re diss5t$ f2 x becomes a "q (   
int]e/ among u z ,lu!rans1 :i*          
repres5tation is correct4 ,= ! po9ts    
disput$ are ^?1 on ! gr\nd ( :i* !      
con/itutions ( ! ,g5]al ,synod & ( h]   
,sem9>y av[ only a qualifi$ ass5t to !  
,augsburg ,confession4 ,9 hope (        
contribut+ to ! preval5ce ( tru?1 & !   
int]e/s ( t k+dom ( ,god :i* is bas$ on 
x1 ! writ] has c>efully re-exam9$ !     
orig9al docum5ts1 & h]e) submits !      
results to ! fri5ds ( ! ,g5]al ,synod & 
h] basis4 ,s9ce ^! results z to ! "q1   
:at d ! symbols actually tea*8 are d$uc$
 imp>tially1 z mu/ be admitt$1 f !      

orig9al symbolical books !mselves1 z    
illu/rat$ by ! writ+s ( ,lu!r1          
,melanc?on1 & ( ! o!r ,re=m]s ( ! same  
date2 ^? :o approve ( ^? books %\ld s f>
 su/a9 our "w3 & ^? :o reject ^! t5ets1 
t is1 ! ,new ,s*ool portion ( ! *ur*1 w 
n object to see+ a v9dication ( ! reason
 :y !y & ! ,g5]al ,synod av[ only a     
qualifi$ ass5t ev5 to ! ,augsburg       
,confession1 namely1 because ^! errors  
are !re taught4  ,! topics "h discuss$1 
are all su* z are left free to          
individual judgm5t1 bo? by !            
,con/itution ( ! ,g5]al ,synod1 & t ( h]
 ,!ological ,sem9>y4 ,bo? explicitly b9d
 to ! ,augsburg ,confession1 only s f> z
 ! fundam5tal doctr9es1 n ( t           
confession1 b ( ! ,scriptures are       
conc]n$4 ,a fundam5tal doctr9e (        
,scripture is "o t1 is reg>d$ by ! great
 body ( evangelical ,*ri/ians z ess5tial
 to salvation1 or ess5tial to ! sy/em ( 
,*ri/ianity2 s t he :o rejects x _c be  
sav$1 nei!r be reg>d$ z a believ] 9 !   
sy/em ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,! doctr9al   

peculi>ities ( no d5om9ation1 ?\gh (t5  
highly important1 c !re=e be reg>d$ z   
fundam5tal1 )\t un*ur*+ all o!r         
d5om9ations & consign+ !m to p]dition4  
,! topics "h discuss$ are1 #a4          
,c]emonies ( ! ,mass4 #b4 ,private      
,confession & ,absolution4 #c4 ,! ,div9e
 in/itution ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?4 #d4   
,nature ( ,sacram5tal ,influ5ce4 #e4    
,baptismal ,reg5]ation4 #f4 ,! nature ( 
! ,savi\r's pres5ce 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]2 &1
 #g4 ,exorcism4 ,n[1 n "o ( ^! is f\nd 9
 ! li/ ( fundam5tals publi%$ by ! ,synod
 ( ,m>yl&1 & by ! great ,evangelical    
,alliance ( all ! prom95t ,*ri/ian      
d5om9ations assembl$ 9 ,london 9 #ahdf1 
consi/+ ( m ?an a ?\s& m9i/]s ( ,*ri/1  
delegat$ f ne>ly all p>ts ( ,europe &   
,am]ica4 ,t li/ is f\nd 9 ! ,lu!ran     
,manual1 & is ! foll[+3--  #a4 ,! ,div9e
 inspiration1 au?ority & suffici5cy ( ! 
,holy ,scriptures4 #b4 ,! "r & duty (   
private judgm5t 9 ! int]pretation ( !   
,scriptures4 #c4 ,! unity ( ! ,godhead1 
& ! ,tr9ity ( p]sons !re94 #d4 ,! utt]  

depravity ( human nature 9 consequ5ce ( 
! fall4 #e4 ,! inc>nation ( ! ,son (    
,god1 8 "w ( atonem5t = s9n]s ( mank9d1 
& 8 m$iatorial int]cession & reign4 #f4 
,! ju/ification ( ! s9n] by fai? alone4 
#g4 ,! "w ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! conv]sion & 
sanctification ( ! s9n]4 #h4 ,! ,div9e  
in/itution ( ,*ri/ian m9i/ry1 & !       
obligation & p]petuity ( ,baptism & !   
,"l's ,supp]2 & #i4 ,! immortality ( !  
s\l & ! judgm5t ( ! _w by our ,"l ,jesus
 ,*ri/1 ) ! et]nal bless$ness ( !       
righte\s & ! et]nal puni%m5t ( ! wick$4 
,n "o ( ^! are "h discuss$4  ,z to !    
doctr9es taught 9 ?is little volume1 !y 
are ! same inculcat$ 9 our ,popul>      
,!ology tw5ty-"o ye>s ago1 & 9 our      
diff]5t works publi%$ s9ce t "t4 ,& "h x
 seems prop] to avail ourselves ( ?is   
public opportunity to correct an error  
committ$ by our e/eem$ fri5d1 ,dr4      
,s*aff1 ( ,m]c]sburg1 9 8 rec5t "w on ! 
,am]ican *ur*es1 9 :i* he repres5ts u z 
d5y+ ! reality1 z well z ! guilt (      
natural depravity4 ,?is is entirely a   

mi/ake4 ,! reality ( ,natural ,depravity
 is a doctr9e s cle>ly taught 9 ,god's  
^w1 z well z by ! hi/ory ( ! human race1
 t we h nev] ev5 be5 tempt$ to d\bt x4  
,9 ! eigh? edition ( ! ,popul> ,!ology1 
7p4 #add17 :i* has rec5tly left ! press1
 our views on ?is subject are ?us summ$ 
up3-- ,! ,augsburg ,confession seems to 
comb9e1 bo? ^! views1 7i4e4 bo? abs5ce (
 hol9ess & pr$isposition to s917 & !    
great body ( ,lu!ran div9es has reg>d$  
natural1 or orig9al1 or innate          
depravity1 z t disord] 9 ! m5tal &      
bodily con/itution ( man1 :i* 0         
introduc$ by ! fall ( ,adam1 is         
transmitt$ by natural g5]ation f p>5t to
 *ild1 & ! result ( :i* is1 t all m5 :o 
are naturally eng5d]$1 ev9ce 9 _! action
 want ( hol9ess & a pr$isposition to s94
 ,)\t ! admission ( su* a disord] 9 !   
human sy/em1 no satisfactory reason c be
 assign$ = ! univ]sality ( actual       
transgression among/ m54 ,our own views 
on ?is disput$ subject1 maybe summ$ up 9
 ! foll[+ features3 #a4 ,all mank9d1 9  

consequ5ce ( _! desc5t f fall5 ,adam1   
are born ) a deprav$ nature1 t is1 _!   
bodily & m5tal sy/em is s disord]$1 z 9 
result ( its op]ation to ev9ce a        
pr$isposition to s94 #b4 ,?is natural   
depravity disqualifies its subjects =   
heav54 ,because ! action ( deprav$      
7disord]$7 faculties & p[]s1 w\ld n1 ev5
 9 heav5 itself1 be con=m$ to ! div9e   
law1 & c\ld n be acceptable to ,god ,9  
our natural /ate1 moreov]1 we h n !     
qualifications requisite = ! enjoym5t ( 
heav51 hav+ no spiritual appetites4 ,b  
we _c suppose t ,god w\ld condemn u to  
positive & et]nal mis]y m]ely on acc\nt 
( ?is deprav$ 7disord]$7 nature2 = we   
are 9 no s5se ! au?ors or causes ( x2 & 
a j ,god w n puni% 8 creatures = acts   
:i* !y did n p]=m2 7p4 #adg47 ,x is     
evid5t1 !re=e1 t we d ma9ta9 ! reality (
 natural depravity inh]it$ f our fir/   
p>5ts1 b d5y ! imputation ( x to u z    
p]sonal guilt4 ,?is correction1 we d\bt 
n1 ,dr4 ,s*aff w make 9 ! future        
editions ( 8 "w4 ,nor are we m *>geable 

) ev5 ! remote/ t5d5cy to rationalism1  
?an ! great mass ( ,am]ican & ,engli%   
!ologians1 includ+ su* m5 z ,drs4       
,dwight1 ,mason1 ,woods & ,alex&]1 :o   
all di/+ui% ?+s above reason f ^?       
contr>y to x1 & :il/ !y d5y t revelation
 tea*es any doctr9e ( ! latt] class1    
admit & believe a numb] ( its doctr9es1 
su* z ! ,tr9ity1 ,inc>nation1 c41 to be 
above ! compreh5sion ( human reason4 ,) 
!m1 moreov]1 we ma9ta91 t 9 doctr9es :i*
 lie )9 ! grasp ( human reason1 x is    
prop] & a duty to expect & to inculcate 
a h>mony betwe5 ! tea*+s ( revelation & 
! dictates ( reason1 ?us to exhibit &   
confirm ! intr9sic moral fitness & glory
 ( ^? tru?s ( revelation4 ,& x is ^! &  
simil> ?+s :i* a c]ta9 class ( ,g]man   
!ologians ( late are wont to /yle       
rationaliz+ t5d5cies4  ,z to ! necessity
 ( ?is "w2 two little volumes h appe>$1 
assail+ "s ( ! positions ( ! ,def9ite   
,plat=m1 & none 9 v9dication ( !m4 ,!   
,new ,s*ool mu/ !re=e receive cr$it =   
mod]ation4 ,^? volumes 7 hail$ )        

exultation by ! f\r or five ,old-,s*ool 
pap]s ( our *ur*1 & all ( !m1 ev5 !     
,mission>y1 invite ! cont9uance ( !     
discussion 9 pamphlet =m4 ,^?           
publications did n agitate ! *ur*1 nei!r
 w ?is4 ,t man mu/ be ignorant ( human  
nature1 :o does n p]ceive a va/ diff]5ce
 betwe5 a controv]sy conduct$ 9 !       
newspap]s ( ! *ur*1 & "o conf9$ to      
indep5d5t pamphlets or volumes4 ,9 ! =m]
 case1 ! dispute is =c$ ^u all :o see ! 
pap]1 & rea*es fifty times z _m p]sons1 
among/ :om may be _m :o1 f prejudice1 or
 want ( suffici5t intellig5ce1 d n      
appreciate ! importance ( ! discussion2 
9 ! latt]1 x rea*es only ^? :o desire to
 see x1 & feel suffici5t int]e/ to      
pur*ase ! volume4 ,yet ! ,def9ite       
,plat=m1 be x rememb]$1 0 n ! cause b ! 
result ( ,symbolic agitation1 cont9ual1 
progressive1 & aggressive1 9 ! sev]al   
,old-,s*ool pap]s & p]iodicals1 = eight 
or t5 ye>s pa/4 ,z x ev9c$ a _s (       
resi/ance1 !y ( c\rse p\nc$ d[n ^u x1 & 
labor$ h>d = its de/ruction4 ,b _!      

cont9u$ discussion has br\ght to light  
su* high-ton$ & intol]ant gr\nds (      
opposition1 t ! *ur* g5]ally1 we d\bt n1
 w settle d[n1 9 a j appreciation ( !   
case4  ,! c\rse pursu$ by ! m9i/]s ( !  
,g5]al ,synod1 has always be5 a lib]al  
"o4 ,!y h freely express$ _! s5tim5ts on
 ^! disput$ topics1 & *e]fully conc$$ to
 o!rs ! same lib]ty4 ,?is pr9ciple      
p]vades ! ,con/itution ( ! ,g5]al ,synod
 & ( h] ,sem9>y4 ,ev5 )9 ! la/ few      
weeks1 ! ,directors ( ! ,sem9>y h li/5$ 
to a v9dication ( ! entire symbolic     
sy/em1 9 ! ,inaugural ( _! ,g]man       
,!ological ,pr(essor1 & resolv$ to      
publi% x1 al?\gh x advocates "s views   
reject$ by ! majority ( ! ,bo>d1 & by ! 
o!r memb]s ( ! ,faculty4 ,aft] su* a    
specim5 ( lib]ality1 we may well hope t 
! propriety ( any ( ! o!r ,pr(essors    
advocat+ ! doctr9es1 :i* h f ! beg9n+   
be5 taught 9 ! in/itution1 w be conc$$  
by all4  ,= ! in=mation ( ^? =eign      
bre?r5 :o h rec5tly tak5 "p 9 our       
m9i/ry1 we deem x j to rem>k1 t ! t]m   

,am]ican 0 employ$ 9 ref]5ce to our     
*ur*1 _m ye>s be=e ! exi/5ce ( !        
political p>ty n[ designat$ by ?is "n1 &
 is us$ by u1 n 9 di/9ction f ^? born 9 
=eign l&s1 b to designate ^?            
peculi>ities ( doctr9e1 discipl9e1 &    
wor%ip1 :i* *>act]ize ! great mass ( !  
*ur*es ( ! ,g5]al ,synod1 z ! t]ms      
,dani% ,lu!ran1 or ,sw$i% ,lu!ran1 &    
,g]man ,lu!ran1 indicate ! peculi>ities 
( our *ur* 9 ^? c\ntries4 ,"s ( our be/ 
,am]ican ,lu!rans are natives ( =eign   
l&s4  ,9 conclusion1 we repeat !        
assurance1 t x has be5 ) deep regret t  
we h felt compell$1 9 def5ce ( ,am]ican1
 t is1 ,new ,s*ool ,lu!ranism1 to       
exhibit :at we reg>d ! errors ( ! =m]   
symbols4 ,b z ! exi/5ce ( ^! errors has 
( late ye>s be5 p]sev]+ly d5i$1 & ,new  
,s*ool ,lu!rans h be5 incessantly       
reproa*$ = n yield+ an unqualifi$ ass5t1
 to ^! books1 necessity 0 laid on u2 & !
 evil ( ! controv]sy1 if any1 lies at ! 
door ( ! aggressors4  ,pray+ t our      
,div9e ,ma/] may bless ?is little volume

 to ! advancem5t ( 8 glory & ! welf>e ( 
8 *ur*1 we submit x to ! fri5ds ( tru?4 
,s4 ,s4 ,,s*muck]4 ,gettysburg1 ,april  
#bc;d1 #ahef4   ,,cont5ts4  ,,*apt] ,i4 
,,introductory ,,rem>ks44444#ac         
,religi\s ,controv]sy4 ,plea ( ,rev4    
,mann4 ,apo/olic ,*ur*4 ,au?ority (     
,cre$s4 ,apo/les' ,cre$4 ,augsburg      
,confession-alt]$ by ,melanc?on4        
,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,reply ,,to ,,! ,,g5]al  
,,obs]vations ,,( ,,! ,,plea44444#bd    
,augsburg ,confession ! only univ]sal   
symbol ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,def9ite      
,plat=m lib]al4 ,! ,episcopalians1      
,presbyt]ians & ,me?odi/s1 alt]$ _!     
,european ,cre$s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,cre$s   
subord9ate1 to ,scripture4 ,progressive 
light ( ,scripture4 ,human cre$s        
fallible4 ,drs4 ,lo*man1 ,endress1 ,f4  
,c4 ,s*aeff]1 ,hazelius1 ,ba*man1 c4    
,orig9 ( ! ,def9ite ,synodical ,plat=m4 
,dr4 ,ko*] on ,cre$s4  ,,*apt] ,,iii4   
,,disadvantages ,,"u ,,:i* ,,!          
,,augsburg ,,confession ,,0             
,,prep>$44444#dg ,diet ( ,augsburg4     

,al>m ( ,melanc?on-8 compla9ts to       
,lu!r-8 lett]s to ,cam]>ius1 rem>kable  
lett] to ,campegius4 ,lu!r *ecks        
,melanc?on's ,concessions4  ,,*apt]     
,,iv4 ,,positions ,,( ,,! ,,def9ite     
,,synodical ,,plat=m ,,e/abli%$44444#eg 
,! ,re=m]s progressive4 ,rigid ,symbolic
 ,sy/em reject$ 9 ,g]many4 ,re9h>d1     
,knapp1 ,/orr1 ,ol%aus51 ,?oluk1        
,h5g/5b]g1 c4 ,analysis ( ! ,am]ican    
,rec5sion ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 x  
is almo/ ! entire ,augsburg ,confession4
  ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,synodical               
,,disclaim]44444#fc ,lu!r on !          
,elevation ( ! ,ho/4 ,c]emonies ( !     
,mass4 ,drs4 ,murdock1 ,fuhrman4 ,import
 ( ! t]m ,mass among ,romani/s1 & among/
 ! ,re=m]s :il/ 9 ! ,romi% ,*ur*4       
,te/imony ( ,lu!r 9 8 ,treatise on !    
,mass1 9 8 lett]s to ,spangl]1 to ,duke 
,george1 9 ! ,%ort ,confession1 lett] to
 ,ju/us ,jonas1 c4 ,te/imony (          
,melanc?on1 9 8 lett] to ,lu!r dur+ !   
,diet4 ,te/imony ( o!r ,re=m]s1         
,aurifab]1 ,spalat94 ,te/imony ( !      

,romi% ,refutation ( ! ,augsburg        
,confession4 ,int]nal evid5ce f !       
,augsburg ,confession itself4 ,sep>ate  
captions & articles = ,mass & ! ,"l's   
,supp]4 ,! two kept di/9ct 9            
,melanc?on's translation2 if y ex*ange !
 words ! articles make nons5se4 ,!      
,romani/s und]/ood ! ,confession to mean
 mass prop]4 ,melanc?on 9 ! ,apology to 
! ,confession s und]/&s x4 ,refutation (
 ! pro(s4 ,ref]5ce to ! au?or's =m]     
works1 ! ,popul> ,!ology1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! 
,am]ican ,lu!ran ,*ur*4  ,,*apt] ,,vi4  
,,private ,,confesison&                 
,,absolution44444#ig ,import ( ! phrase4
 ,dr4 ,funck's e>ly ,lu!ran ,directories
 = ,wor%ip4 ,=mul>ies = private         
,confession & ,absolution1 ,lu!r's1 t ( 
,wolfgang1 c41 9 #aeeg4 ,pro( t ?is rite
 is inculcat$ 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession4
 ,siegel1 ,pr(4 ,jacobs54 ,augsburg     
,confession admits ! want ( ,scripture  
au?ority = x4 ,god alone c =give s94    
,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,d5ial ,,( ,,! ,,div9e  
,,in/itution ,,& ,,obligation ,,( ,,!   

,,*ri/ian ,,sabba?44444#ajg ,pro(s ( !  
,*>ge1 ,drs4 ,ruck]1 ,h5g/5b]g1 ,walt]1 
,murdock4 ,gr\nd tak5 by ! ,plea4 ,!    
same op9ion taught by ,lu!r 9 8         
,comm5t>y1 ,l>g] ,cate*ism1 c41 & by    
,melanc?on1 9 ,loci ,communes1 or sy/em 
( ,div9ity1 c41 9 ,augsburg ,confession1
 & 9 8 ,apology to x4  ,,*apt] ,,viii4  
,,g5]al ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5tal   
,,influ5ce44444#aba ,doctr9e ( ! ,plea-n
 fully develop$4 ,scriptural view (     
,sacram5tal ,influ5ce4 ,man a s9n] by   
nature & practice1 ,div9e tru? ! gr&    
in/rum5tality ( ! ,_s 9 our spiritual   
r5ovation4 ,! /age ( progress 9 ?is     
r5ovation1 morally requisite = p>don1 is
 t ( liv+ fai?1 or entire surr5d] to    
,god4 ,evid5ce ( ?is p>don or           
ju/ification1 is int]nal2 peace1 love1  
joy1 te/imony ( ! ,_s1 fruits ( ! ,_s1 &
 n any outw>d rite-,sacram5ts !re=e only
 m$iate & n imm$iate conditions (       
p>don-pro(s1 ,mo%eim1 ,re9h>d1 ,knapp4  
,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,baptismal               
,,reg5]ation44444#ace ,is taught 9      

,symbolical books & by ! ,re=m]s & e>ly 
,!ologians1 ,hunnius1 ,g]h>d1 ,buddeus4 
,influ5ce ( ?is doctr9e on !            
pulpit-pro(s aga9/ x4  ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,!  
,,"l',s ,,supp]44444#adh ,extracts f !  
,symbols4 ,argum5ts4 ,suppos$ ,s9-=giv+ 
,p[] ( ! ,eu*>i/4  ,,*apt] ,,xi44444#aee
 ,,exorcism4 ,alt]$ int]pretation ( ?is 
rite4 ,pro(s t x 0 reg>d$ z symbolic & 0
 practis$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,lu!ran    
,*ur*4 ,te/imony ( ,drs4 ,gu]icke1      
,koelln]1 ,baumg>t5-,crusius1 ,augu/i1  
,siegel1 ,sigismund1 ,baumg>t54 ,at "s  
p]iods reg>d$ z a te/ ( or?odoxy4       
,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,conclud+               
,,rem>ks44444#afa ,:at is our duty "u ^!
 circum/ances8 ,errone\s reason+s ( !   
rigid ,lu!rans4 ,f\r diff]5t rem$ies    
consid]$--! true "o4  ,,app5dix44444#afi
   ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,! ,,lu!ran        
,,symbols4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory   
,,rem>ks4  ,religi\s controv]sy1 ?\gh x 
(t5 deg5]ates f t calm & dignifi$ "*1   
:i* x %\ld ev] su/a9 z a mutual se>*    
aft] tru?1 seems sometimes to be        

necess>y & prop]4 ,x spr+s out ( !      
nature ( t moral evid5ce1 nev] am\nt+ to
 demon/ration1 by :i* religi\s doctr9es 
are su/a9$1 & f ! fact1 t :il/ ! ^w (   
,god reveals :at is necess>y to         
salvation ) entire di/9ctness1 x leaves 
undecid$1 or to be d$uc$ f cle>]        
passages ( ,scripture1 _m po9ts :i* are 
bo? int]e/+ & important1 z well z       
naturally s\ght = by ! con/itutional1   
sy/ematiz+ t5d5cies ( ! human m9d4      
,discussions on su* topics ( practical  
utility1 are alike pleas+ to ,god &     
b5eficial to ! *ur*1 if conduct$ 9 a    
,*ri/ian _s1 & if ! p>ties h tru? & n   
victory = _! aim4 ,tru? is ! w ( ,god1  
exhibit$ 9 ! div]sifi$ creations ( 8 h&1
 ei!r physical1 intellectual1 or moral1 
& ! revelations ( 8 ^w1 correctly       
appreh5d$ by ! human m9d4 ,s9ce tru?1   
!re=e1 is ( ,god1 x ne$ fe> no          
inve/igation4 ,! div9ity t is 9 x1 w    
secure its ultimate triumph4 ,?\gh x may
 = a season be obscur$1 or cru%$ to e>? 
by passion1 prejudice1 or irresponsible 

au?ority1 x w soon] or lat] ass]t its   
rights1 & secure ! homage ( all upright 
m9ds4 ,no fri5d ( tru? %\ld dread       
imp>tial inve/igation4 ,if he has       
unconsci\sly imbib$ errone\s op9ions1 he
 w ?us be conduct$ to ! tru?2 & if 8    
views are correct1 !y w be confirm$ by  
inve/igation4 ,et]nal vigilance has be5 
/yl$ ! price ( civil 'lib]ty2' & to se>*
 ! ,scriptures daily1  to prove all ?+s 
& hold fa/ t :i* is good1 is ! gr&      
safegu>d ( religi\s tru? & ecclesia/ical
 purity4 ,no new ent]prise ( ,*ri/ian   
b5evol5ce has ev] be5 a*iev$1 no        
re=mation ( e/abli%$ in/itutions or     
doctr9es ev] be5 accompli%$ 9 ! *ur* (  
,*ri/1 )\t discussion & controv]sy ei!r 
oral or writt52 because error :5 assail$
 by ! tru?1 w always make m or less     
resi/ance4 ,! life ( ! greate/ moral h]o
 ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 to :om ,*ri/ianity 
is s hugely indebt$1 0 almo/ entirely   
exp5d$ 9 controv]sial ef=ts2 & ev5 !    
mild & peace-lov+ ,melanc?on1 ?\gh he   
advis$ 8 ag$ "m n to tr\ble h]self ab\t 

religi\s controv]sies1 himself felt x 8 
duty to devote mu* ( 8 "t1 8 le>n+1 & 8 
tal5ts to ! v9dication ( ! tru? aga9/   
its enemies4 ,note #a ,we are comm&$    
e>ne/ly to cont5d = ! fai? once1 deliv]$
 to ! sa9ts1 & by inf]5ce = ^?          
regulations1 :i* t5d to secure t fai?4  
,we are taught to pray = ! unity ( !    
disciples ( ,*ri/1 t !y may be "o z ,he 
& ! ,fa!r are "o1 & consequ5tly to      
oppose su* regulations z t5d to sev] !  
bonds ( union among ,god's p1 & cause   
divisions 9 ! h\sehold ( ,*ri/4 ,su*    
means = def5d+ ! fai?1 are cre$s :i*    
inculcate only ^? doctr9es cle>ly taught
 9 ,scripture2 su* h9drances to union & 
apples ( discord1 are cre$s embrac+ _m  
m9or po9ts1 n cle>ly decid$ 9           
,scripture1 on :i* true ,*ri/ians diff]1
 & :i* are n necess>y = cordial         
co-op]ation among ! *ildr5 ( ,god4  ,)9 
! la/ few mon?s1 a discussion on cre$s  
has occupi$ ! religi\s pap]s ( our *ur* 
9 ?is c\ntry1 ! specific subjects ( :i* 
7 ! m]its ( ! ,def9ite ,synodical       

,plat=m rec5tly adopt$ by sev]al ( our  
,we/]n ,synods1 & ! import & scriptural 
tru? ( "s portions ( t v5]able docum5t1 
! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,9 ^!          
discussions we took "p1 9 a s]ies (     
articles ov] ! initials ( our "n1 9 !   
,lu!ran ,obs]v]1 9 v9dication ( !       
,def9ite ,plat=m1 :i* we hold to be a   
fai?ful & def9ite exhibition ( ! import 
( ! g5]ic doctr9al pl$ge ( ! ,g5]al     
,synod4 ,t pl$ge includes1 9 connection 
) absolute ass5t to ! ,^w ( ,god1 z !   
only infallible rule ( fai? & practice1 
! belief t ! fundam5tal doctr9es (      
,scripture are taught 9 a mann]         
sub/antially correct 9 ! doctr9al       
articles ( ! ,augsburg ,confession3 & ! 
,plat=m is an unalt]$ copy ( ^! articles
 ( t confession1 only omitt+ ^? p>ts1   
:i* we "k by long acqua9tance ) ,am]ican
 ,lu!rans1 to be g5]ally reg>d$ by !m n 
only z nonfundam5tal1 b errone\s4 ,!    
,def9ite ,plat=m1 !re=e1 reta9s ev5 m ( 
! ,augsburg ,confession ?an ! ,g5]al    
,synod's pl$ge requires2 = x conta9s "s 

specifications ( ! ,augsburg            
,confession1 :i* ?\gh true1 are n       
fundam5tal4 ,! ,plat=m is1 !re=e1 m     
symbolic ?an ! ,g5]al ,synod's doctr9al 
basis1 ?\gh ! contr>y op9ion has        
repeat$ly be5 express$1 by ^? :o h n    
c>efully exam9$4 ,_h bo? p>ties 9 ?is   
discussion exhibit$ m *ri/ian comity1 & 
ab/a9$ f p]sonalities1 levell+ _!       
logical artill]y aga9/ op9ions in/ead ( 
! p]sons ent]ta9+ !m2 ! effect ^u ! *ur*
 w\ld1 we ?9k1 h be5 favorable1 & unity 
( s5tim5t might h be5 promot$4 ,t a     
diff]5t impression has be5 made on _m   
m9ds is1 d\btless1 ow+ to ! human       
infirmity & passion t m+l$ 9 ! conte/4  
,:i* p>ty exhibit$ ! l>ge/ am\nt ( ?is  
weakness1 we w n und]take to decide1    
al?\gh we d\bt n1 t "h z 9 mo/ o!r      
cases1 ! judgm5t ( ! ,leyd5 cobbl] w\ld 
be f\nd correct1 :o 0 9 ! habit ( att5d+
 ! public ,lat9 disputations ( !        
univ]sity1 & :5 ask$ :e!r he und]/ood   
,lat91 repli$1 ,no1 b ,i "k :o is wrong 
9 ! argum5t1 by see+ :o gets angry fir/4

 ,nev]!less1 *ri/ian tru? has (t5 be5   
def5d$ 9 a v un*ri/ian way1 & d\btless m
 dep5ds on ! natural temp] & ! mann]s ( 
! disputants1 z well z ! ext5t to :i*   
div9e grace enables !m to subdue _!     
passions4 ,! disposition occasionally   
ev9c$1 to fr[n d[n discussion by        
invective & d5unciation1 is n only      
illogical1 z x proves nei!r !           
affirmative nor negative ( ! disput$ "q2
 b 9 ?is free c\ntry1 :]e we ackn[l$ge  
no popes1 & 9 ! judgm5t ( free          
,am]icans1 :o ?9k = !mselves1 x mu/     
always reflect unfavorably on its       
au?ors4  ,! same topic1 s closely       
connect$ ) ! prosp]ity ( our belov$     
*ur*1 is to engage our att5tion on !    
pres5t occasion1 9 reply to an int]e/+1 
*ri/ian1 & g5tlemanly pamphlet1 f ! p5 (
 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mann1 ( ,philadelphia1 :o
 controv]ts "s ( ! positions ( !        
,def9ite ,synodical ,plat=m4 ,x %all be 
my e>ne/ ef=t to write 9 ! same *ri/ian 
mann]1 & my pray] is t ! ,_s ( our      
,div9e ,ma/] may direct my p51 t x may  

record      ,no l9e1 :i* dy+1 ,i c\ld   
wi% to blot4  ,9 ord] t our read]s may  
foll[1 ) advantage1 ! reason+s ( ?is    
treatise1 x is necess>y t we %\ld       
conduct !m to ! prop] /&-po9t1 f :i* !  
int]e/+ & important subject be=e u %\ld 
be exam9$4 ,! same object1 view$ f      
diff]5t positions1 (t5 pres5ts a v      
diff]5t appe>ance2 b contemplat$ f !    
same po9t ( obs]vation1 by imp>tial     
obs]v]s ( s\nd vision1 x w1 by ! laws ( 
our organization1 appe> ! same to all4  
,! que/ions be=e u relate to ! mean+ (  
c]ta9 docum5ts1 :i* 7 adopt$ "s c5turies
 ago 9 a =eign l& & =eign tongue1 z a   
cre$ or te/ ( memb]%ip 9 ! *ur*4 ,a v   
brief glance at ?is *ur*1 ! au?ority (  
human cre$s1 & ! circum/ances "u :i* ?is
 "o 0 publi%$1 w prep>e u = ! m         
satisfactory solution ( ! po9ts 9 "q4   
,! mo/ important visible organization ( 
! human family1 is und\bt$ly ! *ur* (   
our ,"l & ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!      
political in/itutions ( ! _w1 su* z     
republics1 k+doms & empires1 are        

in/itut$ to adm9i/] ! temporal affairs (
 m52 b ! *ur* ( ! div9e ,r$eem] involves
 ! nev]-dy+ int]e/ ( immortal s\ls4 ,!  
=m] are e/abli%$ & conduct$ by ! ord9>y 
p[]s ( m52 ! latt] is heav5 desc5d$1 & 0
 f\nd$ by ! inc>nate ,son ( ,god1 & 8   
inspir$ ,apo/les4 ,! =m] are su/a9$1 z  
f> z def5sible1 by ! ord9>y evid5ces (  
human wisdom1 manife/ 9 _! adaptation to
 secure our mat]ial int]e/s2 ! div9ity (
 ! latt] is e/abli%$ by ! mo/ /up5d\s   
miracles ( ,jesus & 8 ,apo/les1 z well z
 by int]nal evid5ce ( sup]human wisdom1 
goodness & k1 se5 alike 9 ! in/itutions 
x embraces & ! tru?s x inculcates4  ,^! 
inspir$ ,apo/les left a writt5 record ( 
?is div9e in/itution1 ( ! *ur* ) its    
ord9ances1 z well z ( ! doctr9es &      
duties to be inculcat$ by its tea*]s4   
,!y also pron\nce ?is record to be      
complete1 & ?reat5 to blot out f ! book 
( life1 ! names ( ^? :o add to or       
subtract f x4 ,h5ce x is evid5t1 t !    
*ur* ( ?is record is n z ,romani/s &    
,puseyites imag9e1 a m]e sem9al pr9ciple

 or g]m1 to :i* equally b9d+ additions  
may be made by ! *ur* ( e g5]ation2 b on
 ! contr>y1 t ! *ur* ( ! ,new ,te/am5t  
is ! *ur* 9 its mo/ p]fect & faultless  
=m1 is ! model *ur* = all ages1 :i* 9   
its developm5t & adaptation to diff]5t  
c\ntries & g5]ations1 mu/ ev] rema9     
fai?ful to its primitive & inspir$      
l9eam5ts4 ,?is *ur*1 :il/ adm9i/]$ by   
inspir$ m5 dur+ ! fir/ c5tury1 mu/ also 
h be5 m pure1 ?an 9 its subsequ5t       
p]iods1 :5 plac$ "u un9spir$ & fallible 
tea*]s1 & 9 corrupt+ contact ) ,pagan   
philosophy1 z well z 9 debas+ union )   
civil gov]nm5ts4  ,n[1 9 ?is apo/olic   
age1 ?is gold5 era ( ! *ur*1 we he> ( no
 o!r cre$ ?an ! ^w ( ,god itself1 :i* 0 
reg>d$ z suffici5t4 ,& c]ta9ly1 if z    
,romani/s1 aft] ! report ( ,ruf9us1     
believ$ ! ,apo/les _h ei!r writt5 or    
employ$ ?is cre$1 ! piety ( t age w\ld h
 enroll$ x 9 ! ,scripture canon1 & !    
e>ly *ur* h gu>d$ x ) special c>e4 ,b   
!re is n a ^w 9 ! ,old or ,new ,te/am5t 
au?oriz+ or comm&+ ! *ur* ( any future  

age to frame a cre$ 9 addition to !     
,bible1 z a rule = admission into !     
*ur*1 or exclusion f x4 ,! only         
scriptural gr\nd = su* a cre$ is        
inf]5tial4 ,we are in/ruct$ e>ne/ly to  
cont5d = ! fai? 7doctr9es7 once deliv]$ 
to ! sa9ts1 & n to bid ,god spe$1 to him
 :o prea*es ano!r ,gospel1 or d5ies t   
,jesus is ! ,*ri/4 ,9 ord] to obey ^!   
injunctions we mu/ dem&1 ( applicants = 
*ur* memb]%ip or ord9ation1 _! views ( !
 prom95t doctr9es ( ! ,bible1 & judge   
:e!r !y accord ) ours4 ,or we may /ate  
to !m our views ( ^! topics1 & require  
_! ass5t4 ,9 ei!r case1 we h a cre$1 & =
 obvi\s reasons x is pref]able = u to   
prep>e a c>efully writt5 /atem5t (      
,bible tru?1 s t x may be kn[n1 exam9$ &
 improv$ by r5ew$ comp>ison ) ,god's ^w4
 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,apo/le comm&s u to    
receive into our community ! bro!r 7him 
:om we reg>d z a true disciple ( ,*ri/17
 :o is weak 9 ! fai?1 7imp]fect 9 "s ( 8
 views ( ! tru?7 b n = d\btful          
disputations2 n = ! purpose ( disput+ ) 

him on d\btful po9ts4 ,moreov]1 !       
primitive disciples1 ( contigu\s        
resid5ce1 7 all unit$ into "o *ur* by ! 
,apo/les1 & ! ,savior enjo9s x on all 8 
disciples to love "o ano!r1 to be "o1 z 
,he & 8 ,fa!r are "o4 ,!re=e1 x 0 !n    
s9ful to divide & sep>ate true ,*ri/ians
 f "o ano!r1 & mu/ be s at pres5t1 z a  
g5]al rule4 ,n[1 z human cre$s1 :5      
ext5d$ s z to embrace m9or doctr9es1 on 
:i* good m5 diff]1 necess>ily d divide1 
!m1 su* cre$s are inconsi/5t ) !        
precepts ( ,*ri/4 ,! result ( ^! two    
pr9ciples1 ! duty to exclude fundam5tal 
errori/s on ! "o h&1 & ! comm& n to     
sep>ate1 b to unite ! true disciples (  
,*ri/ on ! o!r1 by reciprocal           
limitation1 af=ds u ! rule1 to employ a 
human cre$ specify+ ! c>d9al tru?s ( !  
,scriptures1 b n to include 9 x m9or    
doctr9es1 :i* w\ld divide ! great mass (
 true disciples ( ,*ri/2 nor to         
introduce m specifications ( gov]nm5t or
 modes ( wor%ip1 ?an are necess>y to    
enable enlight5$ ,*ri/ians to walk      

h>moni\sly toge!r4  ,accord+ly1 we f9d t
 su* 0 ! "* ( ! e>lie/ un9spir$ cre$ ( !
 *ur*1 ! only "o t 0 ext5sively employ$ 
9 ! admission & exclusion ( memb]s dur+ 
! fir/ ?ree c5turies ( h] hi/ory4 ,we   
allude1 ( c\rse to ! ,apo/les' cre$1 s  
call$1 n because ! ,apo/les 7 at fir/   
suppos$ to h writt5 x1 b because1 x     
confess$ly conta9$ doctr9es promulg$ by 
! ,apo/les4 ,?is cre$1 :i* 0 = along "t 
circulat$ orally among ! *ur*es1        
embraces only fundam5tal doctr9es1 =ms  
less ?an half a page 9 ! ,def9ite       
,synodical ,plat=m1 & is believ$ by all 
evangelical d5om9ations at ! pres5t "t4 
,"h !n we h ! *ri/ian *ur* 9 h] gold5   
age ( greate/ purity1 ! fir/ ?ree       
c5turies1 rely+ on ! ^w ( ,god alone1 ) 
only ?is brief human cre$4  ,9 ! f\r?   
c5tury1 7,a4 ,d4 #cbe17 ! ,c\ncil (     
,nice adopt$ a cre$1 :i* is b a         
p>aphrase ( ! above1 foll[+ ! ord] ( its
 subjects1 & add+ v>i\s specifications  
to repel h]esies :i* _h aris54 ,yet ev5 
?is does n am\nt to "o page 9 ! ,def9ite

 ,plat=m4 ,ne> ! close ( ! fif?1 or     
p]haps 9 ! six? c5tury1 ! s-call$       
,a?anasian ,cre$ 0 adopt$1 :i* w\ld =m  
less ?an ?ree pages ( ! ,plat=m4 ,dur+ !
 subsequ5t1 c5turies ( ,romi%           
corruption1 diff]5t c\ncils made v>i\s  
enactm5ts = ! *ur*1 b !y g5]ally relat$ 
to ! multitud9\s rites & c]emonies      
introduc$ into ! popi% wor%ip1 or to !  
functions1 rights & privileges ( ! pope1
 ! diff]5t ranks ( prie/s1 bi%ops1      
ar*-bi%ops & ! inf]ior (fic]s2 & 9 !    
progress ( "t1 m5 7 all[$ to adopt almo/
 any error1 provid$ !y paid _! dues to !
 prie/s1 & p]=m$ ! sup]/iti\s c]emonies 
( ! *ur*4  ,9 ! age ( ! ,re=mation1     
,lu!r _h obligat$ himself to ! entire   
,romi% sy/em1 yea1 _h at ! receipt ( 8  
,doctorate1 tak5 an oa? to obey ! ,*ur* 
( ,rome1 & n to tea* any doctr9es       
condemn$ by h] ,note #b ,b hav+ be5     
enlight5$ by ! /udy ( ! ,bible1 :i*     
provid5tially fell into 8 h&s1 he saw 8 
errors1 & wisely judg+ t an oa? to d any
 crim9al de$ ceases to be obligatory    

aft] ! s9fulness ( ! contemplat$ act is 
se51 he r5\nc$ ^? errors "o aft] ano!r1 
z fa/ z ! light ( tru? illum9$ 8 m9d4   
,?is "w he comm5c$ 9 #aeag1 & cont9u$ f 
ye> to ye> till ne> ! close ( 8 life4 ,9
 #aecj1 elev5 ye>s aft]1 he began ! "w (
 re=m1 & sixte5 be=e 8 dea?1 he approv$ 
! ,augsburg confession1 z drawn up by   
,melanc?on1 al?\gh he told him 9 a lett]
 dur+ ! diet1 t he _h yield$ too mu* to 
! papi/s1 z w be se5 9 ! sequel4 ,b     
,lu!r nev] sign$ any confession ( fai?2 
nor 0 a pl$ge to ! ,augsburg confession 
or to any o!r symbol requir$ ( ! m9i/]s 
( ! *ur* dur+ 8 lifetime2 al?\gh !      
,augsburg confession 0 reg>d$ z !       
expon5t ( ! preval5t views ( !          
,prote/ant *ur*es 9 ,g]many4 ,x 0 n     
until a qu>t] ( a c5tury aft] ,lu!r _h  
left ! *ur* militant1 & n until !       
,lu!ran *ur* _h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ,g]many =
 full half a c5tury1 t ! s-call$        
symbolic sy/em 0 regul>ly & g5]ally     
introduc$ by ! civil au?orities ( !     
major portion  ( ,prote/ant ,g]many4 ,n[

 x is 9 reg>d to ! import ( ?is         
,confession ( ,augsburg1 publi%$ be=e ! 
middle ( ,lu!r's labors z a re=m]1 t "s 
diff]5ces ( op9ion h be5 ent]ta9$4 ,to  
asc]ta9 ! true s5se ( su* passages      
accord+ to ! mo/ imp>tial & j pr9ciple (
 exegesis1 is "o pr9cipal object ( our  
inve/igations 9 ! foll[+ pages4  ,x has 
(t5 be5 affirm$ by "s1 :o h n exam9$ !  
hi/ory ( t ev5tful diet ) p>ticul> c>e1 
t ! ,augsburg ,confession 0 prep>$ "u ! 
mo/ favorable circum/ances = an imp>tial
 & full exhibition ( all ! views ( !    
confessors1 bo? ( positive tru? & papal 
errors4 ,! contr>y 01 h[ev]1 ! case1 z w
 be di/9ctly %[n 9 ! sequel4 ,b we w    
fir/ reply to ! ,g5]al ,obs]vations ( ! 
,plea ( our e/eem$ bro!r1 ! ,rev4 ,mr4  
,mann4 ,let x be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t     
:atev] may be ! import ( ?is & o!r      
cre$s1 !y h all be5 =m$ s9ce ! age (    
inspiration1 !y are all un9spir$ & !re=e
 fallible4 ,h5ce1 x is equally ! duty ( 
! *ur*1 9 e g5]ation1 to te/ h] exi/+   
cre$ by ! ^w ( ,god1 & to correct &     

improve x1 if f\nd unscriptural 9 any ( 
its tea*+s1 or if exp]i5ce has taught t 
x is too brief or too ext5d$1           
successfully to accompli% ! legitimate  
purposes ( su* docum5ts4 ,! idea ( !    
infallibility ( any human cre$1 or ev5  
its semi-inspiration1 is philosophically
 unreasonable1 & ei!r a remnant ( ,romi%
 sup]/ition1 or an amiable weakness (   
judgm5t4 ,melanc?on himself did n reg>d 
8 ,confession z p]fect1 = he made sundry
 alt]ations 9 x 9 8 successive editions4
 ,& ev5 at ,augsburg1 aft] ! confession 
_h be5 s5t to ,lu!r1 at ,coburg1 &      
return$ ) 8 approbation on ! #af? (     
,may1 ,melanc?on1 9 a lett] to him1 dat$
 six days lat]1 7,may #bb17 employs !   
foll[+ language3 ,9 ! ,apology1 7:i* 0 !
 "n fir/ int5d$ = ! ,augsburg           
,confession17 ,i daily make _m *anges4  
,! section conc]n+ ',v[s1' :i* 0 too    
meagre1 ,i h /rick5 out1 & h treat$ !   
subject m fully4 ,i am n[ do+ ! "n ) !  
section conc]n+ ',! ,keys4' ,i wi% y    
c\ld h review$ ! doctr9al articles1     

7namely1 z n[ am5d$17 & !n1 if y f\nd   
no?+ defective 9 !m1 ,i w\ld discuss !  
rema9+ articles z well z may be4 ,=1 9  
,articles ( fai?1 "s *ange mu/ be made1 
f "t to "t1 & !y mu/ be adapt$ to !     
occasions4 ,note #c ,"h is any?+ else   
?an ! idea ( ! immaculate & unalt]able  
nature ( ! ,augsburg ,confession = all  
aft] times4  ,note #a4 ,9 #aebi1 :il/   
,melanc?on 0 att5d+ ! ,conf]5ces at     
,spire1 ?is great & good man made a     
little excursion to ,bretton1 to visit 8
 "m4 ,dur+ _! int]view1 %e ask$ him :at 
%e %\ld believe amid s _m disputes1 &   
repeat$ to him h] pray]s1 :i* 7 free f  
sup]/ition4 ,g on1 "m1 said he1 to      
believe & to pray z y h done1 & nev]    
tr\ble y\rself ab\t religi\s            
controv]sies4  ,note #b4 ,z ?is oa? is a
 lit]>y curiosity1 we subjo9 x1 9 !     
orig9al1 = ! gratification ( our le>n$  
read]s3 ,ego juro ,dom9o ,decano et     
,magi/ris ,facultatis ,!ologiae         
ob$i5tiam et rev]5tiam debitam1 et 9    
quocunque /atu utilitatem univ]sitatis1 

et maxime ,facultatis ,!ologicae1 pro   
virili mea procurabo1 et omnes actus    
!ologicos ex]cebo 9 mitra1 7nisi fu]it  
religiosus7 vanas1 p]egr9as doctr9as1 ab
 ecclesia damnatas1 et pi>um aurium     
(f5sivas non dogmatisabo1 s$            
dogmatisantem ,dn4 ,decano d5unciabo    
intra oct5dium1 et manut5ebo            
consuetud9es1 lib]tates et privilegia   
,!ologicae ,facultatis pro virili mea1  
ut me ,deus adjuvet1 et ,sanctorum      
evangeliorum conditores4 ,juro etiam    
,romanae ecclesiae ob$i5tiam1 et        
procurabo pacem int] ,magi/ros et       
,s*ola/icos secul>es et religiosos1 et  
biretum 9 nullo alio gymnasio recipiam4 
,lib4 ,/atutorum facultatis !ol4        
,academiae ,wittemb]g4 ,cap4 #g4  ,note 
#c4 ,an d] ,apologie 7,confession7 a5d]e
 i* taegli* ,vieles4 ,d5 ,abs*nitt von  
d5 ,geluebd51 d] zu mag] w>1 habe i*    
ge/ri*5 und d5 ,geg5/& ausfuehrli*]     
abgeh&elt4 ,eb5 s v]fahre i* jetzo mit  
dem ,abs*nitt von d5 ,s*luesseln4 ,i*   
wu5s*te1 du haette/ die ,glaub5s>tikel  

ueb]blickt1 wo i* dann1 w5n du ni*ts    
fehl]haftes d>9 gefund51 das uebrige1 s 
gut es geh5 w1 abh&eln w]de4 ,d5n es    
musz zum oeft]n an d5 ,glaub5s>tikeln   
abgea5d]t w]d51 und man musz sie d5     
,geleg5heit5 anbequem54 ,9 ! ,lat93     
,vellem p]curisses articulos fidei1 9   
quibus si nihil putav]is esse vitii1    
reliqua utcunque tractabimus4 ,sub9de   
enim1 mut&i /9t atque ad occasiones     
accommod&i4 ,*ri/ian ,niemey]'s ,philip 
,melanc?on1 im ,jahre d] ,augsburgis*5  
,confession1 pp4 #ac1 #ad4   ,,*apt]    
,,ii4 ,,reply ,,to ,,! ,,g5]al          
,,obs]vations ,,( ,,! ,,plea4  ,9 reply+
 to ! g5]al obs]vations1 :i* con/itute !
 introduction ( ! ,plea1 we %all pursue 
! ord] ( _! occurr5ce4  ,we %all1 9 ?is 
%ort tract1 says ! au?or1 n speak ( !   
objections1 :i* 9 ! ,def9ite ,plat=m are
 set =? aga9/ "s errors1 conta9$ 9 "s   
o!r symbolical books ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 
b we %all conf9e ourselves exclusively  
to ! errors po9t$ out 9 ! ,augsburg     
,confession1 ! "w ( ,lu!r & ,melanc?on  

!mselves1 & ! only "o ( our ,confessions
 :i* 0 univ]sally receiv$ z su*1 by !   
:ole ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 p4
 #d4 ,?is concession is no less         
honorable to ! rev]5d au?or1 ?an ! fact 
itself is important 9 ! discussion ( !  
subject be=e u4 ,z ! contr>y has        
frequ5tly be5 ass]t$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 !  
face ( hi/ory1 x seems prop] to adv]t to
 its details4 ,! facts 9 ! case are !   
foll[+3  ,! ,=m ( ,concord 0 reject$ 9  
,d5m>k1 ,sw$51 ,hessia1 ,pomm]ania1     
,hol/e91 ,anhalt1 & ! cities (          
,/rasburg1 ,frankfurt a4 m4 ,spei]1     
,worms1 ,nu]5b]g1 ,magdeburg1 ,brem51   
,dantzig1 c4 ,= p>ticul>s see ,koelln]'s
 ,symbolik1 ,vol4 ,i1 pp4 #ege-gg4  ,!  
,smalcald ,articles 7 reject$ by ,sw$5 &
 ,d5m>k4  ,! ,apology to ! ,augsburg    
,confession1 0 d5i$1 (ficial au?ority1  
by ,sw$5 & ,d5m>k4  ,! ,l>g] ,cate*ism (
 ,lu!r1 9 ,sw$5 & ,d5m>k4  ,ev5 !       
,small] ,cate*ism ( ,lu!r 0 n receiv$ z 
symbolic 9 ,sw$54 ,see ,gu]icke's       
,symbolik1 pp4 #fg1 c41 #aac4  ,"h1 !n1 

we p]ceive1 t ^? ultra ,lu!rans ( our   
day1 :o insi/ on ! :ole mass ( =m]      
symbols z ess5tial to ,lu!ranism1 mu/   
un*ur* a v l>ge portion ( ! ,lu!ran     
,*ur* ev5 ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,b among  
^! we c by no means class ! au?or ( !   
,plea1 :o is evid5tly a ,lu!ran ( ! m   
enlight5$ & lib]al class4  ,! au?or ( ! 
,plea repres5ts ! ,augsburg ,confession1
 z ! unexceptionable password ( !       
adh]5ts ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* = ?ree        
c5turies4 ,! idea design$ probably is1 t
 ! great mass ( doctr9es taught 9 ?is   
confession has be5 ?us receiv$4 ,= x is 
a hi/orical fact1 t _c be conte/$1 t    
private confession1 :i* is enjo9$ 9 !   
elev5?1 tw5ty-fif? & tw5ty-eigh?        
,articles ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & 0
 reta9$ by ,lu!r1 ,melanc?on & _!       
*ur*es1 0 f ! beg9+ sic reject$ by !    
entire ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 ,sw$5 & ,d5m>k1 z
 well z o!r places1 & a public          
confession ( ! :ole *ur*1 su* z is n[   
employ$ 9 ,g]many & ?is c\ntry1         
introduc$ 9 its /ead4 ,see ,siegel's    

,h&bu*1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #bjj4  ,( c\rse ! 
accusation aga9/ ! ,augsburg            
,confession1 involves an exhibition (   
,lu!r & ,melanc?on1 ^? pill>s ( !       
,re=mation1 z tea*+ h]etical doctr9es1  
:i* are n 9 accordance ) ! ^w ( ,god4 p4
 #d4 ,?is language we reg>d z n entirely
 correct4 ,^? errors alone are1 9       
correct ,engli%1 usually t]m$ h]etical1 
:i* are ( fundam5tal importance1 & d5y  
"s doctr9e t is necess>y to salvation4  
,t ?is is nei!r affirm$ or impli$ by !  
,plat=m1 mu/1 we ?9k1 be admitt$ by all4
 ,b t bo? ,lu!r & ,melanc?on did ent]ta9
 "s errone\s views 9 #aecj1 "s ( :i* are
 taught 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession1      
namely1 ^? specifi$ 9 ! ,plat=m1 is     
affirm$ by ! great body ( our ,am]ican  
,lu!ran ,*ur*4  ,! errors are n1 on !   
side ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 b on !  
side ( ^? :o agitate our ,lu!ran ,*ur* )
 ! introduction ( a fa!rless & mo!rless 
*ild1 ! ,def9ite ,plat=m4 ,to ?is we    
reply1 ! ,plat=m 0 publicly adopt$ by   
?ree or f\r ,synods 9 ! ,we/1 )9 a few  

weeks aft] its publication4 ,z to its   
au?or%ip1 we nev] d5i$ hav+ prep>$ x1 at
 ! urg5t reque/ ( "s ( ^? bre?r51 on !  
plan agre$ on by !m1 & "s ,ea/]n bre?r5 
( ! v fir/ respectability4 ,x 0 c>efully
 revis$ by ourselves & ,dr4 ,b4 ,kurtz1 
& we h n yet f\nd a s+le "o ( its       
positions refut$4 ,t ! reque/ 0 made &  
compli$ )1 w n be reg>d$ z discr$itable 
to ei!r p>ty by imp>tial judges1 aft] ! 
smoke ( battle %all h disappe>$1 & !    
vision ( m5 aga9 be unob/ruct$4 ,z to ! 
fri5ds ( ! ,plat=m be+ agitators ( !    
*ur*1 we reg>d ! supposition z errone\s4
 ,! ,plat=m 0 design$ to be adopt$ by ^?
 ,we/]n ,synods1 z x has be51 publicly1 
b )\t controv]sy1 z o!r ,synods _h done 
be=e ) _! symbolic plat=ms4 ,b enemies (
 ! ,plat=m rais$ ! al>m1 & agitat$ !    
*ur* ) ?reat5$ dang]s4 ,t ! fri5ds ( !  
assail$ in/rum5t %\ld /& up 9 its       
v9dication1 0 an indisp5sable act (     
self-def5ce1 to :i* no imp>tial man w   
object4  ,we %all endeavor to ma9ta9 9  
?is controv]sy1 a dignifi$ & ,*ri/ian   

_s1 z becomes ?is holy subject1 & ^? :o1
 diff]+ 9 "s po9ts1 "k "o ,ma/] & "o    
s]vice4 ,p on e>? w always diff] 9 _!   
op9ions4 ,! tru? w ga9 by giv+ free     
scope to inve/igation1 & by !           
illu/ration ( ! diff]5t sides ( ! same  
"q4 ,?is position is true1 & cr$itable  
alike to ! head & ! he>t ( ! au?or4     
,*ur* gov]nm5t & doctr9e are topics (   
prim>y importance to ! prosp]ity ( !    
k+dom ( ! ,r$eem]1 & no reason c be     
assign$ :y !y _c be debat$ to !         
edification ( ! *ur*1 except ! human    
frailty ( disputants4 ,_h ^! subjects   
be5 discuss$ 9 our religi\s pap]s )     
calmness1 & 9 a ,*ri/ian _s1 !y w\ld h  
be5 alike in/ructive & edify+ bo? to    
m9i/]s & laity4 ,! discussion w\ld h    
infus$ into laym5 a deep] int]e/ = !    
welf>e ( ! *ur*1 & a l>g] lib]ality 9 ! 
support ( h] in/itutions4 ,are we n     
comm&$ to prove all ?+s1 & hold fa/ t   
:i* is good2 & to be always ready to    
give to him t ask$ u a reason = ! hope t
 is 9 u8 ,b let u n despond2 ,god w     

ov]rule ev5 ^! controv]sies to ! good ( 
8 *ur*4 ,=san et haec olim mem9isse     
juvabit4  ,! ,synods adopt+ ?is ,plat=m 
are expect$ to make x a pr9ciple n to   
receive into _! memb]%ip any "o :o w n  
subscribe ?is ,def9ite ,plat=m1 7mean+ !
 :ole pamphlet17 p4 #f4 ,on ?is subject 
! ,plat=m 0 entirely misappreh5d$1 by ! 
read]s n reflect+ t ! ?ird resolution1  
on p4 #f1 mu/ be con/ru$ 9 connection ) 
! two imm$iately prec$+ & num]ically    
connect$ ) x4 ,resolutions fir/ & second
 decl>e ! doctr9al ,plat=m to consi/ ( !
 ,apo/les' ,cre$1 ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 & !   
,am]ican ,rec5sion ( ! ,augsburg        
,confession1 toge!r ) ! ,g5]al ,synod's 
,=mula ( ,gov]nm5t & ,discipl9e4 ,& !   
?ird resolution adds1 no "o %all be     
receiv$ into ?is ,synod :o w n subscribe
 ?is ,plat=m1 namely1 ! "o j def9$4 ,?is
 ,am]ican ,rec5sion or ,revision ( !    
,augsburg ,confession1 conta9s1 unalt]$1
 ! doctr9al articles ( t ,confession1   
except1 t a few s5t5ces are omitt$1 &   
no?+ add$ 9 _! /ead4 ,n[1 if x be       

admitt$ t :5 an enum]ation ( ! p>ts ( a 
:ole is pr(ess$ly & explicitly made1 any
 ?+ n includ$ 9 t enum]ation is exclud$1
 !n c]ta9ly1 z ! fir/ two resolutions   
enum]at$ specifically ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1
 ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 & ! ,am]ican ,rec5sion 
( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 z !  p>ts    
con/itut+ ! ,plat=m to :i* ass5t 0      
requir$1 x foll[s t ! li/ ( ,symbolic   
,errors reject$1 :i* is n nam$ at all1 &
 :i* =m$ a sep>ate "p ( ! pamphlet1 is  
exclud$4 ,b ! misappreh5sion evid5tly   
arose f ! fact1 t aft] ! t]m doctr9al   
plat=m _h be5 us$ 9 ! "w1 to designate !
 doctr9al & discipl9>ian basis conta9$ 9
 ! fir/ "p ( x1 ! "n ,def9ite ,synodical
 ,plat=m 0 select$ = ! :ole pamphlet1 & 
! di/9ction n kept up ) suffici5t       
prom95ce be=e ! m9d ( ! read]4 ,?is is  
rem$i$ 9 ! second edition1 by employ+ ! 
phrase ,doctr9al ,basis or ,cre$ = !    
fir/1 & ,synodical ,disclaim]1 or ,li/ (
 ,symbolical ,errors = ! second "p4     
,moreov] x is expressly /at$1 on p4 #e1 
t :il/ we w n admit into our ,synod any 

"o :o believes 9 ,exorcism1 ,private    
,confession1 & ,absolution1 or !        
,c]emonies ( ! ,mass1 7n "o ( :i* is    
practic$1 s f> u we "k1 by a s+le m9i/] 
connect$ ) ! ,g5]al ,synod71 ! ,plat=m  
grants lib]ty 9 reg>d to all ! o!r      
topics1 omitt$ f ! ,augsburg ,confession
 9 ! ,am]ican ,rec5sion ( x4 ,= x adds1 
,we are will+1 z h]et(ore1 to admit     
m9i/]s :o receive ^! views1 provid$ !y  
reg>d !m z non-ess5tial 7t is1 z        
non-fundam5tal1 n1 z has be5 ass]t$ by  
o!rs1 z ( m9or or ( little importance71 
& are will+ to co-op]ate 9 peace ) ^? :o
 reject !m4 ,to ! ,li/ ( ,errors reject$
 no "o is requir$ to subscribe1 & x is  
publi%$ by ! ,synod z a disclaim] ( ^!  
errors1 :i* are (t5 imput$ to u1 b :i*  
are reject$ by ! great body ( ! ,am]ican
 ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,! ,plat=m _c1 !re=e1 ) 
tru?1 be said to exclude old-,lu!rans1  
unless !y are s rigid z to reg>d _! own 
views on ^! disput$ po9ts z ess5tial1 & 
are unwill+ to co-op]ate 9 peace ) _!   
bre?r53 & 9 t case x is c]ta9ly         

pref]able = all p>ties1 t !y %\ld       
organize a ,synod = !mselves4  ,says !  
au?or ( ! ,plea1 p4 #f3 ,suppose "s     
,episcopal m9i/]s hav+ arriv$ at !      
conviction t "s ( _! *ur* canons 7      
wrong1 w\ld x be reg>d$ z any?+ else ?an
 a mo/ a/\nd+ presumption1 = su* m5 to  
d>e to *ange ! "* ( ! *ur* canons &     
d5\nce "s ( !m z errors1 & at ! same "t 
to ma9ta9 t !y !mselves are ! true      
repres5tatives ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur*1 & c
 un*ur* o!rs8 ,"h are ?ree positions1   
all ( :i* we reg>d z errone\s4 ,9 ! fir/
 place1 x is n presumptu\s1 b a ,*ri/ian
 duty1 :5 m9i/]s ( a *ur* are firmly    
conv9c$1 t ! av[$ /&>ds ( _! *ur* conta9
 "s t5ets contr>y to ! ^w ( ,god1       
publicly to disav[ !m1 t _! influ5ce may
 n aid 9 su/a9+ error2 & if ! majority (
 a synod p>ticipate 9 ?is op9ion1 x is  
_! duty to *ange _! /&>ds into con=mity 
) ,god's ^w4 ,! ,augsburg ,confession   
itself 0 su*1 a disclaim] ( ,romi%      
errors1 & av[al ( ! tru?3 & if x 0 !    
duty ( ! m9i/ry 9 ! sixte5? c5tury to   

make _! public  pr(ession con=m to _!   
belief ( ,scripture tru?1 x is equally !
 duty ( e o!r age4 ,b al?\gh _! case    
involves ! pr9ciple object$ to by !     
,plea1 ! foll[+ cases are m exactly     
analog\s4 ,! ,episcopal m9i/ry & laity  
did1 aft] ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 *ange 
_! doctr9e1 t ! k+ is ! head ( ! *ur* & 
adopt$ ! op9ion t no civil (fic]1 z su*1
 has any (fice 9 ! *ur*4 ,!y accord+ly  
reject$ f _! cre$ ,article ,,xxi41 &    
also exclud$ f _! liturgy & =ms ( pray]1
 all allusion to ! k+ z ! head or       
gov]nor ( ! *ur*4 ,li/5 to ! te/imony ( 
! ,episcopal m9i/]s ( ,m>yl&1 9 #aghc1  
soon aft] ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! indep5d5ce (
 ?is c\ntry4 ,!y pass$ a numb] (        
resolutions1 ( :i* ! f\r? reads ?us3 ,t 
z x is ! "r1 s x w be ! duty ( !        
,episcopal ,*ur*1 :5 duly organiz$1     
con/itut$1 & repres5t$ 9 a ,synod or    
,conv5tion ( ! diff]5t ord]s ( h] m9i/]s
 & p1 to revise h] liturgy1 =ms ( pray] 
& ( public wor%ip1 9 ord] to adapt !    
same to ! late ,revolution1 & ,,o!r     

,,local ,,circum/ances ,,( ,,am]ica1    
,note #a c4  ,our ,presbyt]ian bre?r5   
also *ang$ _! ,confession ( ,fai?1 &    
adapt$ x to _! belief4 ,he> ! te/imony (
 ,dr4 ,hodge1 9 8 ,con/itutional ,hi/ory
 ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates3 ,note #b ! ,synod !n took into  
consid]ation ! tw5tie? *apt] ( !        
,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai?1 ! ?ird    
p>agraph ( ! tw5ty-?ird *apt]1 & ! fir/ 
p>agraph ( ! ?irty-fir/ *apt]2 & hav+   
made "s alt]ations1 agre$ t ! said      
p>agraphs1 z n[ alt]$1 be pr9t$ =       
consid]ation1 toge!r ) a draught ( a    
plan ( gov]nm5t & discipl9e4 ,!y 7      
subsequ5tly adopt$4  ,9 l mann] did our 
,me?odi/ ,episcopal bre?r5 deal ) !     
,?irty-n9e ,articles ( ! ,episcopal     
,*ur*1 :i* !y _h av[$ f ! days (        
,wesley4 ,!y n only reject$ !           
recognition ( ! k+ z ! head ( ! *ur*1 b 
also entirely omitt$ ,article ,,xvii41  
:i* is suppos$ by _m to inculcate       
,calv9ism1 toge!r ) sev]al o!rs2 &      
mat]ially alt]$ ,articles ,i41 ,,ii41   

,,vi41 ,,ix41 ,,xxvi41 & ,,xxxiv4 ,if1  
!n1 x be compet5t = ^! sev]al ,synods1  
or ,conf]5ces1 to *ange ! ,we/m9/]      
,confession & ,?irty-n9e ,articles1 :i* 
7 prep>$ f> m delib]ately1 & ) mu* less 
re/ra9t1 & _h become equally v5]able by 
age1 )\t any "o pret5d+ to d5y _!       
au?ority1 or to pron\nce ! measure      
presumptu\s1 :y may n ! ,synod (        
,witt5b]g1 & o!r simil> bodies1 correct 
! ,augsburg ,confession1 by ! omission (
 sev]al t5ets1 believ$ n only by h]     
memb]s1 b by ! great body ( ,am]ican    
,lu!rans1 to be unscriptural8 ,n[ !     
,def9ite ,plat=m 0 prep>$ at ! reque/ ( 
! lead+ memb]s ( ^? ,we/]n ,synods1     
accord+ to a plan previ\sly agre$ on    
among !m & o!rs1 = ! express purpose (  
be+ propos$ = discussion1 correction1 & 
adoption by ^! ,synods2 &1 until s act$ 
on1 0 a m]e un(ficial proposal1 su* z   
any fri5ds ( ! *ur* h a "r to make4 ,&  
:o c dispute _! "r1 or ! "r ( any       
,synod1 to adopt a ,confession ( ,fai? =
 h]self1 :5 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,g5]al   

,synod orig9ally conc$$ ?is p[]         
specifically to ea* ,synod1 & /ill does 
s1 9 ,article ,,iii41 ,section #c1 by   
requir+ !m only to adh]e to ! fundam5tal
 doctr9es ( ! ,bible1 z taught by our   
*ur*8 ,is n a ,lu!ran ,synod possess$ ( 
z mu* p[] z an ,episcopal or ,me?odi/   
conv5tion8 ,& al?\gh an individual      
necess>ily drew up ! docum5t1 x 0 prep>$
 accord+ to ! plan decid$ on by ab\t    
tw5ty bre?r51 & claim$ no au?ority until
 act$ on by ,synod4 ,! ,def9ite ,plat=m 
c\ld nev]1 ) tru?1 be reg>d$ z ! "w ( a 
few individuals4 ,its inception 0 !     
result ( a consultation ( a l>ge numb] (
 influ5tial bre?r51 especially ( ! ,we/1
 :o _h be5 conv9c$ by ! aggressions (   
surr\nd+ symboli/s1 t a decid$1 b also a
 m def9ite /& on ! gr\nd ( ! ,g5]al     
,synod1 0 necess>y 9 self-def5ce4 ,x 0  
prep>$ & publi%$ at _! reque/1 n z an   
(ficial docum5t1 b z a draft ( su* a    
basis z !y _h agre$ on4 ,x 0 pres5t$ to 
!m1 & tak5 up = consid]ation by _!      
sev]al ,synods2 & ! unanimity ) :i* !y  

adopt$ x is conclusive pro( t x 0 prep>$
 accord+ to ! /ipulat$ pr9ciples4 ,by   
d5y+ ! "r ( ! sev]al ,synods ( ,ohio1 & 
( any o!r ,synod1 to improve or decide  
on _! own doctr9al basis1 )9 !          
fundam5tals ( ,scripture z taught 9 !   
,augsburg ,confession1 ! enemies ( !    
,plat=m r5\nce ! pr9ciples ( ! ,g5]al   
,synod1 :i* expressly all[s ?is "r2 & !y
 also r5\nce ! orig9al & univ]sally     
ackn[l$g$ ,indep5d5t or ,congregational 
pr9ciples ( ,lu!ran ,*ur* ,gov]nm5t1    
av[$ by ,lu!r1 ,melanc?on1 & all ! lead+
 div9es ( our *ur*1 "o "p ( :i* is ! "r 
& obligation to =m our own views (      
,scripture tru?1 & to av[ !m to ! _w4   
,no individual c ju/ly pron\nce !       
,plat=m an invasion ( 8 rights2 = x has 
nev] ev5 be5 propos$ by its fri5ds to   
any ,synod o!r ?an ^? at ! reque/ ( ^:  
memb]s x 0 prep>$2 & %\ld x1 at any "t  
h]eaft]1 be pres5t$1 x w possess no     
au?ority unless conf]r$ on x by         
,synodical action1 9 :i* ea* m9i/] has a
 "r to p>ticipate4 ,! w> t has be5 & is 

/ill wag$ aga9/ ! ,plat=m1 by old       
,lu!ran ,synods1 & pap]s1 to :om x 0    
nev] propos$ = adoption1 is :olly       
(f5sive2 & :il/ we d n d5y ! "r ( any   
,synod to take x up by way ( c\nsel1 !  
intol]ant & aggressive pr9ciples av[$ by
 ,old ,s*ool pap]s1 is a direct assault 
on ! rights ( ,am]ican or ,new ,s*ool   
,lu!rans1 :i* _c 9 ! end fail to unite  
!m 9 measures ( self-def5ce4  ,secondly1
 ! ,plea is mi/ak51 9 suppos+ t ! fri5ds
 ( ! ,plat=m pr(ess to be ! true        
repres5tatives ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 !    
symbolic s5se ( ! t]m3 = h !y n         
reit]at$1 9 a score ( publications1 =   
five & tw5ty ye>s pa/1 t !y d n hold all
 ! views ( ! =m] symbols2 & does n !    
,plat=m itself explicitly disclaim any  
su* idea1 by publicly prote/+ aga9/ !   
errors ( ^? books8  ,?irdly1 ! idea (   
our un*ur*+ o!rs1 is op5ly disclaim$ by 
! ,plat=m1 z 0 prov$ above4  ,aga91 says
 ! ,plea3 ,^? :o und]take to *ange !    
doctr9al basis ( a *ur*1 take ^u        
!mselves an awful responsibility1 p4 #g4

 ,true2 b !re is an equally awful       
responsibility re/+ on ^? :o1 favor$ by 
,provid5ce ) ! increas$ light ( ?ree    
c5turies1 cont9ue to av[ 9 _! cre$1 &   
?us lead multitudes to embrace !        
sup]/iti\s & truly dang]\s errors1 :i*  
rema9 9 ^! docum5ts issu$ 9 ! e>li] &   
immature /ages ( ! ,re=mation1 & "s ( !m
 "u circum/ances unpropiti\s to a free  
expression ( views ( ,scripture doctr9e4
 ,if ^! errors con/itut$ ! ess5ce (     
,lu!ranism1 we ought to =sake ! *ur*2 b 
z !y d n1 we are "u sacr$ obligation to 
expunge !m f our cre$1 s t we may n aid 
9 _! p]petuation4  ,f ?is r5ew$ *ur* 7( 
! ,re=mation7 z f a new he>t1 ( mank9d1 
new & fre% & vigor\s blood fl[s 9 an    
un9t]rupt$ /ream ?r\gh mighty art]ies1  
into ! :ole _w4 p4 #g4 ,or r1 we w\ld   
say1 ?is fre% & vigor\s blood fl[s n f !
 *ur*1 mu* less f ! errors :i* %e reta9$
 9 h] symbols1 b f t am\nt1 ( ,god's    
tru?1 :i* con/itutes ! great mass ( h]  
confession4 ,! sep>ation ( ^! errors1   
in/ead ( impair+ ! effici5cy ( ! *ur*1 w

 greatly multiply h] en]gies1 & pave !  
way = new & enl>g$ conque/s ov] ! _w4   
,let any "o exam9e ! !ological ma/]%ip1 
:i* ?is le>n$ & honor$ disciple ( ,*ri/ 
7,melanc?on7 exhibit$ 9 8 ,apology = !  
,augsburg ,confession--& he w be conv9c$
 ( ! folly ( ^?1 :o presume to ?9k1 t   
he1 or 8 mighty coadjutor1 7,lu!r17     
might be mat]ially b5efit$ by !         
dogmatical & exegetical in/ructions ( ! 
!ological pr(essors & au?ors ( ! pres5t 
times4 p4 #g4h4 ,?is all s\nds well     
en\gh 9 ! ab/ract1 & we ourselves h     
frequ5tly & ) equal s9c]ity1 prais$ ^!  
great re=m]s4 ,b aft] all1 !y 7 fallible
 m54 ,?is same ,melanc?on1 9 ?is same   
,apology = ! ,augsburg ,confession1     
reg>ds ,private ,confession &           
,absolutism sic z ! ?ird sacram5t4 ,at !
 ,diet ( ,augsburg1 he 0 will+ to yield 
to ,romi% bi%ops ! dang]\s p[]s :i* !y  
=m]ly _h ex]cis$ ov] ! *ur*es1 & :5 he  
saw dang] ?ick5 ar\nd him1 he positively
 wrote to ,lu!r1 inquir+ :e!r !y might  
n1 yield to ! papi/s 9 ! matt] ( private

 & closet masses1 z w be se5 9 ! sequel6
 ,besides1 ^! mod]n pr(essors1 au?ors1  
&1 we w add1 pa/ors1 d n propose to     
improve ! ,confession by any light ( _! 
own2 b by ! progressive light1 :i* !    
,provid5ce ( ,god has v\*saf$ to !      
pray]s1 ! philological & exegetical     
/udies ( ?ree c5turies4 ,?is light we   
receive ) gratitude to ,god1 & _c = a   
mom5t d\bt1 t if ^! noble s]vants (     
,*ri/ 7 n[ liv+1 !y w\ld be among/ its  
mo/ grateful recipi5ts4 ,!y bo? cont9u$ 
?r\gh life to /udy ! ^w ( ,god1 & to    
pr(ess _! improv$ views )\t ! lea/      
hesitation4 ,s f> 0 ,melanc?on himself f
 reg>d+ any ( 8 works p]fect1 t he      
cont9u$  delib]ately to make            
improvem5ts1 ev5 9 ?is same ,augsburg   
,confession1 aft] ! /orms ( papal       
p]secution _h subsid$1 till ! end ( 8   
life4 ,& we might easily fill pages ) ! 
decl>ations ( ,lu!r1 av[+ 8 s5se ( !    
imp]fections ( 8 publications1 & ( ! "w 
( ,re=mation 9 8 day4  ,we believe1 says
 ! ,plea1 t !y 7,lu!r & ,melanc?on7 are 

no m ?an guides to ! f\nta9 ( tru?1 to !
 gospel2 & :5ev] we f9d t !y lead u (f f
 ! ,^w ( ,god1 we are b\nd n to hesitate
 9 our decid$ deviation f _! views4 p4  
#h4 ,?is is precisely ! noble1          
enlight5$1 & *ri/ian /& po9t ( !        
,am]ican ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,9 pr9ciple1 !  
respect$ au?or ( ! ,plea1 does n diff] f
 u4 ,x is only 9 its application to     
p>ticul> cases1 t we may occasionally n 
co9cide4  ,! /ate ( !ology & religion ( 
an age1 does n at all dep5d ^u !        
progress ( g5]al sci5ce & social life4  
p4 #aj4 ,f ?is s5tim5t & ! tra9 (       
obs]vation 9 ref]5ce to x on ! same     
page1 we d n diss5t4 ,b no ,am]ican     
,lu!ran appeals to ?is _s ( ! age1      
exhibit$ 9 ! progress ( ! physical      
sci5ces1 z pro(s ( any advance 9 !ology4
 ,! sci5ces to :i* we ref] z m$ia (     
increas+ life1 are ^? on :i* ! prop]    
int]pretation ( ! sacr$ volume dep5ds1  
philology1 ar*aeology1 h]m5eutics1 e41 &
 c]ta9ly our bro!r _c diss5t f ?is      
position1 he w n ma9ta91 t no progress  

has be5 made1 9 ! k ( ! orig9al         
languages ( ,scripture by cont9u$ /udies
 ( scores ( ! able/  philologians ! _w  
has ev] se51 especially dur+ ! la/ half 
c5tury4 ,he w n d5y1 t ! explor+ labors 
( travell]s sic to ! l&s ( holy writ1 ! 
increas$ /udy ( ! mann]s & cu/oms &     
in/itutions ( ! nations inhabit+ !m1 h  
illu/rat$ "s portions ( ! sacr$ volume4 
,nor w he affirm ! utt] fruitlessness ( 
all ! pray]ful ef=ts ( m5 ( ,god1 dur+ !
 la/ ?ree c5turies1 to und]/& ! g5]al   
pr9ciples ( languge1 sic ! diff]5t      
significations ( words1 7! lit]al1 !    
tropical1 ! typical1 ! allegorical1 c417
 & ! prop] rules = ! int]pretation ( !  
,sacr$ ,record4 ,he is too well acqua9t$
 ) ! lit]>y fame ( ,g]many & ! writ+s ( 
t galaxy ( !ological lum9>ies1 t has    
reflect$ s mu* glory on ! l& ( !        
,re=mation1 n to admit t _m p>ts ( !    
,sacr$ ,record are bett] und]/ood at    
pres5t1 ?an !y 7 ?ree c5turies ago4 ,b !
 pr9cipal difficulty :i* prev5t$ ! full 
& cle> appreciation ( div9e tru? 9 !    

e>li] ,re=m]s1 0 ! fact t !y 7 educat$  
till adult age1 ,note #c 9 all !        
sup]/iti\s rites & c]emonies ( ! ,romi% 
,*ur*1 & we all "k t x is impossible    
entirely to emancipate ourselves f !    
prejudices ( e>ly education4 ,"u ^!     
circum/ances ! m>vel is1 n t !y reta9$ a
 few papal views & practices1 b t !y    
accompli%$ z mu* z !y did1 9 unle>n+ !  
errors ( _! e>ly education4  ,if all    
,*ri/ianity 7 to take its fir/ />t      
to-day2-to-morr[ already int]pretations 
& confessions w\ld spr+ up l mu%rooms 9 
a hot-b$4 p4 #aa4 ,?is idea is express$ 
r too /rongly = ! claims ( hi/ory2 z x  
is c]ta9 t dur+ ! gold5 era (           
,*ri/ianity1 ! fir/ ?ree c5turies1 no   
o!r cre$s 7 employ$ by ! *ur*es g5]ally1
 ?an ! s-call$ ,apo/les' & ! ,nic5e     
,cre$s4 ,x is *iefly s9ce ! p]iod ( !   
,re=mation1 t ! *ur* ( ! ,r$eem] has be5
 cut up into s _m d5om9ations1 pr(ess+  
diff]5t & "s ( !m v ext5d$ cre$s4  ,e   
d5om9ation has an individual life1 & !  
law ( self-pres]vation ought1 to tea*   

h]1 t %e is ?r[+ h]self away1 if %e1 is 
n det]m9$ to /& by h] bann]s & to def5d 
h] position4 p4 #aa4 ,:atev] def9ition  
we may adopt ( ! indef9ite & cl\dy t]m  
life 9 ?is passage1 our reply is1 ! life
 ( e ,*ri/ian *ur* ought to be ! life ( 
! ,gospel1 & ! life ( ! *ur* z e/abli%$ 
& conduct$ by ! inspir$ apo/les4 ,e ?+ 9
 ! life ( any *ur* inconsi/5t ) ?is1 mu/
 be wrong4 ,x is true1 s9ce ! =mation ( 
! diff]5t ,prote/ant d5om9ations1 ea* "o
 ( !m has a diff]5t cre$1 & is *>act]iz$
 by "s peculi>ities ( gov]nm5t or       
wor%ip1 & if ^! peculi>ities are int5d$ 
by ! peculi> life ( a d5om9ation1 we    
judge x w\ld be equally wrong = ! memb]s
 ( any *ur*1 to lay x d[n z a rule 9 e  
case to def5d !m4 ,x w\ld be> "s        
resemblance to ! corrupt1 political     
motto1 s ju/ly d5\nc$ by all good m53   
,our ,c\ntry "r or wrong4 ,_h ,lu!r     
adopt$ ?is rule1 x w\ld h requir$ him to
 def5d all ! errors ( ,rome1 :i* _h be5 
fully sanction$ by t *ur*4 ,b 8 judgm5t 
taught him diff]5tly1 & he gradually    

reject$ e "o ( ^? elem5ts ( ! peculi>   
life ( ,romanism1 :i* he f\nd ho/ile to 
! life ( ! sic ,god's ^w4 ,b if x be    
repli$1 t by peculi> life is int5d$ ^?  
peculi>ities ( our *ur*1 :i* are        
accordant ) ! ,gospel2 we fully ass5t to
 ! position4 ,?is is precisely !        
pr9ciple1 on :i* we endeavor to act4 ,we
 def5d & reta9 e peculi>ity ( ! *ur* (  
our fa!rs1 :i* we f9d taught 9 ! ^w (   
,god1 or consi/5t ) its _s2 :il/ we deem
 x a privilege & duty to labor at !     
improvem5t ( our *ur* & h] ecclesia/ical
 framework or plat=m1 by remov+ f x e ?+
 :i*1 aft] a life ( pray]ful /udy1 we   
are p]suad$ is (f5sive to ,god1 because 
oppos$ to ,8 ^w4 ,ev5 ! ,=m ( ,concord  
affirms ! pr9ciple = :i* we "h cont5d1  
by repres5t+ cre$s z exhibitions ( !    
s5se 9 :i* ,*ri/ians ( a p>ticul> age   
und]/ood ! ,bible2 & nev]1 until ! duty 
( ! *ur* 9 e age to con=m h] /&>ds to ! 
^w ( ,god1 is conc$$2 c %e z a :ole     
become m unit$1 m pure & scriptural1 & !
 k+dom ( ,*ri/ be ext5d$ ?r\gh\t ! e>?4 

,! ,plea objects to :at x /yles !       
(fici\s mann] 9 :i* "s p]sons raise al>m
 ?r\gh\t ! *ur*1 promulgate _! int5tion 
to *ange ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & act 
9 su* a mann] z if _! views 9 reg>d to !
 s-call$ errors ( ! ,augsburg           
,confession 7 absolutely above all      
possibility ( error4 p4 #ac4 ,?is       
objection is probably bas$ on a want (  
acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory ( our *ur* 9 ?is 
c\ntry1 if x is design$ to ref]         
p>ticul>ly to ! ,def9ite ,plat=m2 :i*   
w\ld be excuseable 9 our bro!r1 z 8     
resid5ce among/ u is comp>atively (     
rec5t date4 ,b ! tru? is1 t ! rejection 
( ! cu/om ( requir+ ass5t to ! ,augsburg
 ,confession by ! fa!rs 9 ! ,p5nsylvania
 ,synod fifty ye>s ago1 is pro( en\gh ( 
_! dissatisfaction ) t docum5t4 ,nor did
 !y hesitate di/9ctly to decl>e _!      
diss5t f "s ( its t5ets4 ,?is 0 done n  
only privately1 b also 9 _! occasional  
publications4 ,z to private confession &
 absolution1 !y nev] adopt$ t practice 9
 ?is c\ntry2 b f ! beg9n+ employ$ a     

public & g5]al confession1 prep>atory to
 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 z our *ur* 9 ,sw$5 &   
,d5m>k did 9 ! days ( ! ,re=mation4 ,z  
to ! c]emonies ( ! public mass1 !y 7    
reject$ by our *ur* univ]sally1 "s ye>s 
aft] ! diet ( ,augsburg1 z private &    
closet masses _h be5 be=e4 ,! ,g5]al    
,synod1 at ! adoption ( h] con/itution 9
 #ahbj1 freely express$ h]              
dissatisfaction 9 ! public discussions1 
) "s p>ts ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 &  
ins]t$ a clause 9 h] con/itution1 giv+  
p[] bo? to ! ,g5]al ,synod & to ea*     
,di/rict ,synod to =m a new ,confession 
( ,fai?1 = _! own use4 ,dr4 ,lo*man1 "o 
( ! mo/ active1 pi\s1 & respect$ div9es 
( our *ur*1 9 8 ,cate*ism1 publi%$ 9    
#ahbb1 /ates x z "o ( ! lead+ pr9ciples 
( our *ur*1 sic on quotation m>ks t !   
,holy ,scriptures & n human au?ority1   
are ! only s\rce :5ce we are to draw our
 religi\s s5tim5ts1 :e!r !y relate to   
fai? or practice4 ,t ,*ri/ians are      
acc\ntable to ,god alone = _! religi\s  
pr9ciples1 & says n a ^w ab\t adh]5ce to

 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 z "o ( !      
pr9ciples ( our *ur*4  ,he also publi%$ 
an edition ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 9 
8 "w1 entitl$ ,doctr9e & ,discipl9e ( ! 
,evangelical ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 9 :i* he    
made m omissions ?an are f\nd 9 !       
,am]ican ,rec5sion2 & yet no "o f\nd    
fault ) him = do+ s4 ,t ! read] may     
judge ( ! ext5t ( ^! omissions1 we      
specify !m3 ,9  ,art4 ,i4 he omitt$ !   
def9ition ( p]son1 9 ! ,tr9ity4  ,art4  
,,ii4 omits ! condemnatory clause4      
,art4 ,,iii4 omits ! epi!t pure1 9      
ref]5ce to ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & ! ref]5ce to
 ! s call$ ,apo/les' ,cre$4  ,art4 ,,iv4
 omits ! clos+ s5t5ce1 t ,god w reg>d   
?is fai? z righte\sness4  ,art4 ,v4     
omits ! condemnatory clause1 & "p (     
ano!r s5t5ce4  ,art4 ,,vi4 omits ! ^w   
true 9 ref]5ce to ! unity ( ! *ur*4     
,art4 ,,viii4 omits ! condemnatory      
clause conc]n+ ! ,donati/s4  ,art4 ,,ix4
 omits ! "n ,anabapti/s4  ,art4 ,x4     
omits ! condemnatory clause4  ,art4     
,,xii4 omits absolution & "p ( !        

condemnatory clause4  ,art4 ,,xvii4     
omits ! condemnatory clause4  ,art4     
,,xviii4 omits ! "n ( ,augu/9e's "w1    
,hypogno/icon1 & ab\t t5 l9es at !      
close4  ,art4 ,,xix4 omits ! la/ s5t5ce4
  ,art4 ,,xx4 omits diff]5t portions (  
?is long article1 am\nt+ to "o-half ( ! 
:ole4  ,art4 ,,xxi4 omits all t is said 
on w>1 & ! ,turks1 c41 & ! entire       
conclud+ p>agraph1 am\nt+ to half a page
 #abmo4  ,yet ?is "w 0 circulat$ ?r\gh\t
 ! *ur*1 & we nev] he>d a s+le ^w (     
objection1 al?\gh ! notes app5d$ to x   
are f> f be+ symbolic4  ,rev4 ,j4 ,a4   
,prob/1 9 8 "w on ! ,reunion ( ! ,lu!ran
 & ,re=m$ ,*ur*es1 publi%$ 9 #ahbf1     
speak+ ( ?is c\ntry1 & especially !     
,synod ( ,p5nsylvania1 ( :i* he 0 a     
memb]1 says1 ,zw+le's m lib]al1         
rational1 & scriptural view ( ?is       
doctr9e1 7election7 z well z ( ! ,"l's  
,supp]1 has become ! prevail+ "o among !
 ,lu!ran & ,re=m$1 p4 #gd4 ,! same fact1
 ! rejection ( "s ( ! articles ( !      
,augsburg ,confession1 is taught 9 "s   

publications 9 #ahbg1 by ,dr4 ,endress1 
"o ( our mo/ respect$ & le>n$ m9i/]s2 & 
is confirm$ by ! language ( ! resolution
 pass$ by ! ,synod ( ,p5nsylvania 9     
#ahbc1 on ! subject ( union betwe5 !    
,lu!ran & ,re=m$ *ur*es 9 ?is c\ntry1   
betwe5 :i* bodies !y affirm a unity (   
doctr9al views4 ,?is diss5t1 0 publicly 
av[$ by ,dr4 ,f4 ,c4 ,s*aeff]1 ( ,new   
,york1 :o1 9  8 edition ( ,lu!r's       
,cate*ism1 publi%$ 9 #ahbj1 omitt$ ! ^w 
real or true 9 ref]5ce to ! ,savi\r's   
body 9 ! eu*>i/1 7p4 #ba17 & 9 8        
,address at ! ,lay+ ( ! ,corn]-/one (   
,/4 ,mat!w's ,*ur*1 ?us expresses       
himself4 ,we rejoice ) ?anksgiv+ be=e ! 
,"l1 because he has giv5 u our great    
symbolical book1 ! bible4 ,?is is       
pref]able to all ! books & confessions (
 m54 ,accord+ to a fundam5tal pr9ciple (
 ! ,lu!rans1 we dep5d n m]ely on !      
irrigat+ /reamlets t orig9ate 9 ! f\nta9
 to :i* we h access1 b we r dr9k f t    
f\nta9 itself4 ,! /udy & prop]          
int]pretation ( ! sacr$ writ+s1         

accompani$ by ! use ( all outw>d helps  
:i* ,god's provid5ce has furni%$1 & aid$
 by f]v5t pray] 9 ! acceptable "n (     
,jesus ,*ri/ ! ,m$iator1 is ma9ly       
inculcat$ 9 ! ,evangelical ,lu!ran      
,*ur*4 p4 #aj4  ,?is same diss5t f !    
symbols1 0 also publicly av[$ by ,dr4   
,hazelius1 :o 9 8 ,annotations on !     
,augsburg ,confession1 publi%$ 9 #ahda1 
says1 ,! op9ions n[ ent]ta9$ 9 ! ,lu!ran
 *ur*1 z to ! nature ( ! sacram5t ( !   
,"l's ,supp]1 diff] 9 no mat]ial po9t f 
^? ent]ta9$ by ! o!r prote/ant *ur*es on
 ! subject4 p4 #ba4 ,?is diss5t 9       
non-fundam5tals f ! ,augsburg           
,confession1 is also av[$ by ,dr4       
,ba*man1 9 8 ,disc\rse on ! ,doctr9es & 
,discipl9e ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 publi%$ 9 
#ahcg1 & sanction$ by 8 ,synod3 also by 
,dr4 ,l9tn]1 9 8 preface to ! ,augsburg 
,confession1 9 #ahcg1 pp4 #c1 #d2 by    
,dr4 ,krau?1 9 8 ,sket* ( ! ,evangelical
 ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,slates1 =    
,buck's ,!ological ,diction>y1 9 #ahcj2 
9 :i* he says ! doctr9es ( !            

,evangelical ,lu!ran ,*ur* are          
sub/antially ^? ( ! ,augsburg           
,confession1 sic on quotation m>k6      
imply+ diss5t f t cre$ 9 "s             
non-ess5tials2 & rec5tly 8 own diss5t 9 
an article 9 ! ,lu!ran ,obs]v]1 & !     
,evangelical ,review ( ,july1 #ahej4    
,dr4 ,g4 ,b4 ,mill] publi%$ 8 diss5t f !
 ,confession on "s ( its repres5tations 
( baptism1 7baptismal reg5]ation1 z he  
cont5ds17 & ! real pres5ce 9 ! ,eu*>i/1 
9 8 ,s]mon be=e ! ,m9i/]ium ( ,new      
,york1 9 #ahca4  ,! same diss5t 0 freely
 express$ by ,dr4 ,baugh]1 9 8 ,report  
on ! ,doctr9es & ,usages ( ! ,synod (   
,m>yl&1 9 :i* he ?us describes 8        
position & t ( ?is ,synod3  ,,on        
,,reg5]ation4--,we believe t !          
,scriptures tea* t reg5]ation is ! act (
 ,god1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 by :i*1 ?r\gh !   
tru?1 ! s9n] is p]suad$ to ab&on 8 s9s &
 submit to ,god1 on ! t]ms made kn[n 9 !
 gospel4 ,?is *ange1 we are taught1 is  
radical & is ess5tial to pres5t peace & 
et]nal happ9ess4 ,consequ5tly1 x is     

possible1 & is ! privilege ( ! reg5]at$ 
p]son to "k & rejoice 9 ! *ange produc$ 
9 him4  ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5ts4--,we       
believe t ! ,scriptures tea*1 t !re are 
b two sacram5ts1 viz43 ,baptism & !     
,"l's ,supp]1 9 ea* ( :i*1 tru?s        
ess5tial to salvation are symbolically  
repres5t$4 ,we d n believe t !y ex]t any
 influ5ce 'ex op]e op]ato1' b only ?r\gh
 ! fai? ( ! believ]4 ,nei!r d !         
,scriptures w>rant ! belief1 t ,*ri/ is 
pres5t 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] 9 any o!r ?an a 
spiritual mann]4  ,,( ,,! ,,symbolical  
,,books4--,lu!r's ,l>g] & ,small]       
,cate*isms1 ! ,=mula ,concordiae1       
,augsburg ,confession1 ,apology1 &      
,smalkald ,articles are call$ 9 ,g]many 
! ,symbolical ,books ( ! *ur*4 ,we reg>d
 !m z good & useful exhibitions ( tru?1 
b d n receive !m z b9d+ on ! consci5ce1 
except s f> z !y agree ) ! ,^w ( ,god4  
,to ?is catalogue we might add ! names (
 _m o!rs1 :o h av[$ ! same position (   
diss5t f ?is v5]able symbol1 long be=e !
 ,def9ite ,plat=m 0 ?\ght (4 ,no "o 9   

=m] times presum$ to d5y ! "r ( our     
m9i/]s & synods express+ ?is diss5t1 &  
propos+ to =m a new cre$1 if !y deem x  
requisite4 ,to call ! diss5t+ position (
 ! ,def9ite ,plat=m a new "o1 is !re=e a
 hi/orical error2 & to attempt to ca/   
odium on x by ! *>ge ( (fici\sness1 is  
also an act ( inju/ice4 ,! same *>ge    
w\ld equally lie aga9/ ! great] "p ( our
 be/ m9i/]s dur+ ! la/ half c5tury1 &   
aga9/ ! f\nd]s ( ! ,g5]al ,synod        
!mselves4  ,) ?is occasional disclaim] (
 ^! errors1 ,am]ican ,lu!rans h hi!rto  
be5 satisfi$1 nor w\ld ! "q ( (ficially 
adopt+ a new cre$ h be5 rais$ at ?is "t1
 _h n ! ,ultra-,lu!rans ( our l&1 ( late
 become animat$ by a new zeal to        
dissem9ate _! symbolic errors1 & to     
d5\nce z n ,lu!rans1 all :o d n receive 
!m4 ,:5 ! adoption ( a new cre$ 0 ?us   
=c$ ^u !m1 a numb] ( ! bre?r5 advocat$ !
 =mation ( "o entirely new2 b o!rs      
believ+ x be/ to reta9 ! v5]able "m     
symbol ( ,prote/antism1 z f> z we c\ld  
reg>d h] tea*+s z ,scriptural1 propos$ !

 omission ( ! few disput$ po9ts1 & !    
adoption ( ! residue unalt]$1 ?us reta9+
 ne>ly ! :ole ( ! doctr9al articles4 ,! 
sugge/ion 0 adopt$1 z be+ m respectful  
to ! v5]able symbol ( our *ur*1 we 7    
urg$ to prep>e ! "w = ! consid]ation (  
"s ( ! ,we/]n ,synods2 & ?us ! ,am]ican 
,rec5sion ( ! ,augsburg ,confession     
orig9at$ f respect = t cre$1 r ?an !    
want ( x4 ,! talk ab\t sacrilege1 c41   
w\ld s\nd m natural among ,romani/s ?an 
,prote/ants2 & ! idea ( deception is    
utt]ly unf\nd$1 because ! v "n adopt$1  
,am]ican ,rec5sion1 is a con/ant        
notification to ! read] ( "s *ange4     
,nei!r "o or ! o!r *>ge 0 ev] made aga9/
 ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 = mak+ f\r
 times z _m *anges 9 ! ,?irty-n9e       
,articles4 ,z to respect = !            
,confession1 we see b little diff]5ce   
betwe5 sev]al me?ods propos$ among/     
,am]ican ,lu!rans2 to adopt !           
,confession z to ! fundam5tals (        
,scripture doctr9e1 leav+ all free to   
reject ! non-fundam5tals2 or to publi% !

 symbol1 ) a li/ app5d$ ( "s ( its      
articles1 :i* may be reject$2 or to omit
 ^? same articles1 leav+ !m free1 &     
adopt+ all ! residue unconditionally4   
,on nei!r ( ^! ?ree plans does ! matt] (
 ! ,confession rema9 intact1 ev5 if !   
lett] does2 = 9 all1 c]ta9 p>ts ( x     
dive/$ ( b9d+ au?ority1 & left to !     
judgm5t ( ea* individual4 ,! ,am]ican   
,rec5sion is no?+ m ?an a revis$ edition
 ( ! ,confession1 9 :i* ^? p>ts are     
omitt$ t _h already be5 dive/$ ( b9d+   
au?ority1 & ?us be5 sup]s$$ by subsequ5t
 ecclesia/ical legislation4  ,& is x n  
cr$itable to any *ur*1 :5 %e f9ds "s    
t5ets ( h] cre$ 9 conflict ) !          
,scriptures1 & calculat$ to circulate   
error1 to re=m & improve x8 ,we %\ld    
suppose t e enlight5$ & reflect+        
!ologian1 & /ill m e intellig5t layman1 
w\ld concur 9 ! s5tim5ts ( t devot$     
fri5d & def5d] ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 ,dr4  
,koe*]1 ( ,j5a1 9 #agei1 :o1 discuss+ ! 
*>ge t our *ur* _h *ang$ h] doctr9es1   
says1 ,x avails no?+ m]ely to *>ge a    

*ur* ) hav+ made *anges 9 h] ,cre$2 we  
mu/ direct our att5tion to ! subject or 
doctr9e itself1 & inquire :e!r x is true
 or false4 ,because1 n e alt]ation 9    
matt]s ( fai? is inadmissible &         
c5surable4 ,suppose a *ur* to p]ceive t 
a doctr9al error has crept into h] cre$1
 & to correct x by ! exclusion ( !      
error2 does %e n m]it our approbation1  
mu* r t our c5sure or abuse8 ,suppose t 
! ,lu!rans did =m]ly believe 9          
transub/antiation 7z has be5 *>g$17 b 9 
! c\rse ( "t reject$ ?is doctr9e1       
because !y f\nd x militate aga9/ div9e  
tru?2 suppose ! e>li] ,lu!ran div9es did
 approve ( ! doctr9e ( unconditional    
election1 & limit$ grace ( ,god1 :il/   
our lat] !ologians _h r5\nc$ !m1 because
 !y are 9 conflict ) ! tea*+s ( ,god's  
^w3--we say1 suppose ?is _h be5 ! case1 
?\gh x 0 n2 _! proc$ure w\ld n be       
improp]1 & _! doctr9al *ange w\ld m]it  
our approbation & praise1 r ?an c5sure4 
,h[ mu* m *ri/ian & manly are ^! views1 
?an ! position :i*1 ?\gh n av[$1 is act$

 on by _m1 t ! memb]s ( a *ur* %\ld nev]
 attempt to improve h] symbols2 b1 z a  
matt] ( c\rse1 def5d any doctr9e taught 
by !m1 because x is !re inculcat$4 ,:at 
is ?is else ?an practically to elevate  
,lu!r1 ,melanc?on1 ,zw+li1 ,calv91 or   
,wesley1 above ,*ri/8 ,:at is x else1   
?an pref]+ sic to be ,lu!rans r ?an     
,*ri/ians1 if we are n ev] ready to     
r5\nce any?+ ,lu!ran1 if f\nd n to be   
,*ri/ian8 ,h[ c ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ cont9ue  
to develope sic h]self 9 accordance ) ! 
div9e purposes & plan1 unless e "p ( !  
*ur* is kept 9 con/ant contact ) !      
,bible1 & is ev] will+ to improve &     
con=m its entire framework to ! increas$
 light ( ,god's ^w & ,provid5ce8 ,x 0   
,lu!r's deep s5se ( obligation to !     
,bible1 z p>am\nt to all human au?ority1
 :i* enabl$ him & 8 ,sp>tan b& (        
coadjutors1 "u ,god1 to re=m ! *ur* (   
,g]many f s _m ,romi% errors1 & no?+    
%ort ( ! same noble pr9ciple c conduct !
 *ur* safely 9 h] high & holy mission ( 
conv]t+ ! _w4 ,:il/1 !re=e1 we love     

,lu!r mu*1 let u1 my bre?r51 ev] love   
,*ri/ m4 ,& :il/ we respect ! s\l-/irr+ 
productions ( ! illu/ri\s re=m]s1 let t 
respect nev] induce u to sanction any   
errors conta9$ 9 !m1 or bias our m9ds   
aga9/ ! free & full reception ( !       
revelations ( ,god's holy ,^w6  ,note   
#a4 ,colton's ,g5ius ( ! ,prote/ant     
,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 c41 
p4 #aea4  ,note #b4 ,vol4 ii41 p4 #dih4 
,note #c4 ,lu!r 0 a fai?ful papi/ until 
he 0 upw>ds ( ?irty ye>s did1 :5 he     
began to prote/ aga9/ ! errors ( ,rome4 
,,*apt]  ,,iii4 ,,disadvantages ,,"u    
,,:i* ,,! ,,augsburg ,,confession ,,0   
,,prep>$4  ,9 =m+ an idea ( ! e/imate   
:i* %\ld be plac$ on ! ,augsburg        
,confession1 z an expression ( ! results
 atta9$ by ! biblical /udies ( ,lu!r1   
,melanc?on & _! associates1 at ! date ( 
! diet 9 #aecj2 mu* dep5ds on ! "q1 :e!r
 ! circum/ances "u :i* x 0 prep>$1 & !  
design = :i* x 0 int5d$1 7 favorable to 
a free & full exhibition ( _! views4 ,! 
affirmative ( ?is "q has (t5 be5 decl>$ 

9 ?is c\ntry2 b ! contr>y is            
inconte/ably e/abli%$ by au!ntic hi/ory1
 z well z by ! decl>ations ( ! ,re=m]s  
!mselves4 ,! diet1 x w be rememb]$1 0   
appo9t$ by ! ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 ,*>les  
,v41 = ! purpose ( settl+ ! controv]sies
 betwe5 ! ,pope & ! ,prote/ant pr9ces ( 
8 empire1 z well z = o!r political      
purposes4 ,! place select$ 0 ! ,city (  
,augsburg1 9 ,bav>ia1 ab\t two hundr$   
,engli% miles f ,witt5b]g1 & ab\t n9ety 
miles f ,coburg1 :]e ,lu!r 0 left by !  
,elector dur+ ! diet4 ,note #a ,! ,pope 
_h long be5 urg+ ! emp]or to adopt      
viol5t measures = ! suppression ( !     
,prote/ants4 ,he fondly anticipat$ t a  
dea?bl[ w\ld n[ be giv5 to ! ,prote/ant 
cause1 & ) :i* p>ty ! emp]or w\ld side 0
 n fully kn[n1 al?\gh1 be+ a ,romani/1  
little favor c\ld be expect$ by !       
,confessors4 ,! ,confession 0 compos$ by
 ,melanc?on out ( ! ,torgau ,articles1  
at ,augsburg1 :]e he & ! ,elector ,john1
 ) 8 ret9ue1 arriv$ on ! #b;d ( ,may4   
,on ! #aj? ( ,may1 x 0 s5t to ,lu!r1 at 

,coburg1 = 8 revision1 & he return$ x ) 
8 approbation on ! #af?1 rem>k+1 ,i h   
read ,philip's ,apology 7! ,confession17
 & am v well 7fa/ wohl1 an obsolete     
mean+ ( ! t]m fa/17 pleas$ ) x4 ,i "k   
no?+ to improve or alt] at x2 nor w\ld x
 be suitable1 z ,i _c tread s s(tly &   
lightly4 ,note #b ,z ! emp]or did n     
arrive until ab\t a mon? lat]1          
,melanc?on cont9u$ to make v>i\s        
alt]ations1 to r5d] ! ,confession m     
acceptable to ! ,romani/s2 = ! fe>s ( ! 
,prote/ants 7 greatly excit$1 z w appe> 
by ! foll[+ extracts f ,melanc?on's own 
lett]s1 p5n$ at ?is ev5tful p]iod4  ,9 a
 lett] to ,lu!r1 dat$ ,augsburg1 ,june  
#ae?1 ,melanc?on says1 ,on ! day be=e   
,corpus ,*ri/i fe/ival1 at #h o'clock1  
,p4 ,m41 ! emp]or arriv$ at ,augsburg4  
,f ! imp]ial c\rt1 x appe>s1 we h no?+  
to expect2 = ! sole object :i*          
,campegius seeks to accompli%1 is t we  
%\ld be suppress$ by =ce4 ,nor is !re   
any "o 9 ! emp]or's entire c\rt1 :o is  
mild] ?an he himself4 ,note #c ,?is 0   

inde$ a gloomy prospect1 = !y 7 entirely
 at ! m]cy ( _! emp]or4 ,he c\ld re5act 
! sc5es ( ! previ\s c5tury1 & s5d !m1 l 
,huss & ,j]ome1 to ! dungeon & ! /ake4  
,on ! #bf? ( ,june1 ! day aft] ! public 
pres5tation ( ! ,confession1 he aga9    
addresses ,lu!r3 ,we live "h 9 ! mo/    
lam5table anxiety & incessant te>s4 ,to 
?is a new s\rce ( con/]nation has be5   
add$ today1 aft] we _h read ! lett] (   
,vitus 7,dietri*1 ,lu!r's fri5d17 9 :i* 
he /ates t y are s mu* (f5d$ at u1 t y  
are unwill+ ev5 to read our lett]s4 ,my 
fa!r1 ,i w n increase my suff]+s by     
words1 b ,i m]ely beg y to consid]1 :]e 
& 9 :at dang] we are1 :]e we c h no?+ to
 tranquilize u except y\r consolations4 
,/reams ( sophi/s & monks collect "h    
daily1 to inflame ! hatr$ ( ! emp]or    
aga9/ u4 ,b ! fri5ds1 if we c\ld =m]ly  
numb] !m among/ our 7p>ty17 are no long]
 ) u4 ,alone & despis$1 we are "h       
cont5d+ aga9/ endless dang]s4 ,our      
,v9dication 7! ,confession7 has be5     
pres5t$ to ! emp]or1 & ,i h]e) s5d x to 

y = p]usal4 7,if x _h n be5 alt]$ aft]  
,lu!r _h se5 & approv$ x1 x w\ld h be5  
sup]flu\s to s5d him ano!r copy47 ,9 my 
judgm5t1 x is /rong en\gh2 = y w "h     
p]ceive ! monks depict$ suffici5tly4    
,n[1 x appe>s to me1 t be=e our enemies 
reply1 we mu/ det]m9e1 :at we w yield to
 !m 9 ref]5ce to ! 'eu*>i/ 9 bo? k9ds1' 
:at t\*+ matrimony 7celibacy ( prie/s17 
& :at 9 reg>d to ',,closet ,,masses4' ,9
 sic appe>s !y are det]m9$ 9 no case to 
yield ! la/ two4 ,note #d  ,9 a lett] to
 ,cam]>ius1 ,note #e he ?us describes 8 
condition3 ,my _s is fill$ ) lam5table  
anxiety1 n = ! sake ( our cause1 b on   
acc\nt ( ! indiff]5ce ( our associates4 
,be n conc]n$ ab\t me1 = ,i commit      
myself to ,god4 ,b some?+ rem>kable     
di/urbs u1 :i* ,i c only tell y         
p]sonally4 ,note #f  ,to ,lu!r1 he      
writ]s sic on ! #bg? ( ,june1 ,i _c     
describe h[ deeply ,i 0 di/ress$1 on    
read+ 9 ! lett] ( ,vitus1 7or ,dietri*1 
a favorite ( ,lu!r1 :o rema9$ ) him at  
,coburg1 z 8 associate17 t y are        

irreconciliably sic (f5d$1 because ,i d 
n write ) suffici5t frequ5cy4 ,!        
condition ( our affairs "h is /ill su*1 
t we sp5d ! great] "p ( our "t 9 te>s4  
,we h writt5 v (t51 z we c prove4 ,f ?is
 & o!r passages 9 ,melanc?on's lett]s1 z
 well z f 8 compla9ts1 t he c\ld n      
induce ,note #g ! ,prote/ant pr9ces to  
s5d mess5g]s regul>ly to ,lu!r1 ,niemey]
 reg>ds x z evid5t1 t ,lu!r's           
displeasure arose 9 "p f ! fact1 t !    
pr9ces felt dispos$1 at ?is important   
juncture1 to act )\t ei!r 8 k1 c\nsel1  
or co-op]ation1 probably "u !           
impression1 t1 !y c\ld m easily effect a
 reconciliation1 if ! intrepid1 firm &  
hat$ ,lu!r 7 kept out ( view4  ,b to    
proce$ ) ,melanc?on's lett]4 ,our       
,confession 7he says17 has be5 pres5t$  
to ! emp]or1 & ,i h s5t y a copy4 ,i    
entreat$ y 79 my =m] lett]7 to in=m me1 
h[ f> we might yield to our oppon5ts1 if
 x is practicable4 ,x is true1 z y "k1  
we h already consult$ on ^! subjects2 b 
!y are always adju/$ 9 a diff]5t mann]  

on ! field ( battle 7sie geb5 si* im    
,s*la*tfeld allezeit &]s17 f :at !y are 
:5 previ\sly made ! subjects (          
discussion4 ,i presume ! greate/        
conflict w occur 9 reg>d to private     
masses4 ,b z yet ,i h no c]ta9          
in=mation4 ,note #h  ,9 ano!r lett] to  
,lu!r1 dat$ ,aug4 #f1 he says3 ,!       
,l&grave proce$s ) great mod]ation1 &   
has op5ly told me1 t 9 ord] to pres]ve  
peace1 he w\ld submit to /ill m sev]e   
conditions1 provid$ !y c\ld be accept$  
)\t br++ reproa* on ! gospel4  ,dur+ !  
p5d5cy ( ^! negotiations1 ,melanc?on    
made repeat$ ef=ts by lett] to          
conciliate influ5tial individuals ( !   
papal p>ty4 ,among ^! is 8 lett] to     
,c>d9al ,campegius1 ! apo/olic legate1 (
 ,july #f?1 :i* reflects no little light
 on ! /ate ( 8 m9d4 ,?is int5se anxiety 
to ga9 ! imp]ial favor = ! ,prote/ant   
cause1 c\ld n fail /rongly to tempt him 
to make ! ,confession z palatable z     
possible to ! ,romani/s1 by yield+ ne>ly
 ev]y?+ t he did n reg>d z ess5tial4    

,he> ! lett]3  ,mo/ ,rev]5d ,sir3--,z _m
 good m5 applaud ! v great mod]ation    
exhibit$ by y\r ,em95ce1 amid y\r honors
 & elevation1 ,i am induc$ to *]i% !    
hope1 t y\r ,em95ce w receive my lett] )
 favor4 ,v]ily x 0 a true say+ :i*      
,plato utt]$1 t no?+ m desirable1 or    
bett]1 or m div9e1 c happ5 to m51 ?an :5
 wisdom is associat$ ) p[] 9 gov]nm5t4  
,h5ce1 :5 ! intellig5ce arriv$1 t y\r   
,em95ce 0 s5t to ?is ,diet1 z judge 9 ! 
p5d+ religi\s controv]sy1 _m good m5    
congratulat$ ,g]many1 t ! inve/igation (
 ^! mo/ important affairs 0 confid$ to a
 man1 :o transc5d$ o!rs n m]ely by 8    
high 7(ficial7 dignity1 b also mu* m by 
8 wisdom2 = ev5 h]et(ore ! fame ( y\r   
,em95ce's wisdom him res\nd$ ?r\gh all  
,g]many4 ,n[1 z ,i believ$1 t ) ?is     
wisdom y\r ,em95ce w\ld greatly abhor   
viol5t measures1 ,i 0 !reby induc$ to   
write to y\r ,em95ce1 t x might be made 
kn[n to y1 t we also long only = peace &
 concord1 & reject no condition = !     
re/oration ( peace4  ,we h no doctr9e   

diff]5t f t ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*1 7wir hab5 
ke95 von d] ,roemis*5 ,kir*e v]s*i$55   
,lehrsatz17 yea1 we h re/ra9$ _m :o wi%$
 to dissem9ate p]nici\s doctr9es1 z may 
be prov$ by public te/imonies4 ,note #i 
,we are prep>$ to obey ! ,romi% ,*ur*1  
if1 ) t mildness :i* %e has always      
manife/$ t[>d all m51 %e w only ov]look 
& yield1 "s little1 7e9iges ,w5ige17 :i*
 we c\ld n n[ alt] if we w\ld4 ,note #aj
 ,let n y\r ,em95ce believe our enemies1
 :o wick$ly p]v]t our writ+s1 & falsely 
impute to u any?+ :i* c inflame ! g5]al 
hatr$ aga9/ u4 ,we rev]5tly pl$ge       
ob$i5ce ,note #aa to ! au?ority ( !     
,roman ,pontif1 sic & to ! entire       
organization ( ! 7,v]fassung7 ( ! sic on
 repetition *ur*1 only let n ! ,pope (  
,rome reject u4 ,_m feel assur$1 t if   
y\r ,em95ce 7 bett] acqua9t$ ) our cause
 & views1 y w\ld n approve ( ^! viol5t  
c\nsels4 ,= no o!r reason d we incur    
great] ho/ility 9 ,g]many1 ?an because  
we def5d ! doctr9es ( ! ,romi% ,note #ab
 ,*ur* ) ! utmo/ /eadfa/ness4 ,?is      

fidelity1 if ! ,"l w1 we w %[ to !      
,romi% ,*ur* until our la/ brea?4 ,!re  
is inde$ "s small diff]5ce 9 usages1 :i*
 seems to be unfavorable to union4 ,b ! 
ecclesia/ical laws !mselves decl>e1 t ! 
unity ( ! *ur* may cont9ue ev5 amid su* 
div]sity ( cu/oms4 ,note #ac  ,is x     
possible t any imp>tial man1 aft] read+ 
?is lett] c suppose ! circum/ances ( ?is
 diet to h be5 favorable to a free &    
full expression ( ! po9ts ( diss5t1     
betwe5 ! ,prote/ants & ,papi/s1 ev5 at t
 day8 ,dur+ ! entire six weeks t        
,melanc?on 0 at ,augsburg1 be=e !       
arrival ( ! ,emp]or1 8 m9d 0 9 ?is      
agitat$ & al>m$ condition4 ,accord+ to 8
 own acc\nt he cont9u$ daily to make    
*anges 9 ! ,confession1 aft] x _h be5   
submitt$ to ,lu!r4 ,no wond]1 !re=e1 t  
,lu!r1 respond+ to ,melanc?on's inquiry1
 :at m !y c\ld yield to ! ,romani/s1    
makes ?is r dissatisfi$ reply1 "u date  
,june #bi3 ,y\r ,apology 7! ,augsburg   
,confession1 z alt]$ by ,melanc?on4 aft]
 ,lu!r _h sanction$ x on ! #ae? ( ,may1 

& x _h be5 pres5t$ to ?o diet on ! #be? 
( ,june17 ,i h receiv$1 & wond] :at y   
mean1 :5 y desire to "k1 :at & h[ mu*1  
may be yield$ to ! papi/s4 ,z f> z ,i am
 conc]n$1 ,,too ,,mu* ,,has ,,already   
,,be5 ,,yield$ ,,to ,,!m ,,9 ,,!        
,,apology 7,confession74 ,note #ad ,"h x
 9 evid5t t ! v>i\s *anges1 made by     
,melanc?on betwe5 ! #ae? ( ,may & #be? (
 ,june1 l$ ,lu!r to affirm :at ,am]ican 
,lu!rans n[ ma9ta91 t he _h yield$ too  
mu* to ! papi/s 9 ! ,augsburg           
,confession4 ,i daily alt]$ & reca/ !   
great] "p ( x1 7says ,melanc?on         
himself17 & w\ld ,note #ae h alt]$ /ill 
m if our c\nsellors sic _h all[$ x4 ,& s
 mu* great] 0 8 dissatisfaction at !    
/ill m important concessions1 ,note #af 
:i* ,melanc?on & 8 associates 7 will+ to
 make1 9 _! negotiations aft] !         
,confession _h be5 deliv]$1 t1 9 a lett]
 ( ,sept4 #bj1 to ,ju/us ,jonas1 "o ( ! 
pr9cipal ,prote/ant !ologians at !      
,diet1 he gives v5t to 8 feel+s 9 !     
foll[+ rem>kable language3 ,i almo/ bur/

 ) ang] & displeasure1 7,i* bo]/e s*i]  
fu] ,zorn und ,wid]will517 & ,i beg y   
only to cut %ort ! matt]1 cease to      
negotiate ) !m 7! ,papi/s17 any long]1 &
 come home4 ,!y h ! ,confession4 ,!y h !
 gospel4 ,if !y are will+ to yield to x1
 !n x is well4 ,if !y are unwill+1 !y   
may g4 ,if w> comes out ( x1 let x come4
 ,we h entreat$ & done en\gh4 ,! ,"l has
 prep>$ !m z victims = ! slaught]1 t he 
may rew>d !m accord+ to _! works4 ,b u1 
8 p1 he w deliv]1 ev5 if we 7 sitt+ 9 ! 
fi]y furnace at ,babylon4 ,note #ag ,?us
 h we he>d abundant evid5ce f ! lips (  
,melanc?on & ,lu!r !mselves1 t !        
circum/ances "u :i* ! ,augsburg         
,confession 0 compos$1 9 eight days1    
be=e its submission = ,lu!r's sanction1 
& ! increas+ pressure "u :i* ,melanc?on 
aft]w>ds made num]\s *anges 9 x1 dur+   
five weeks be=e its pres5tation to !    
,diet1 7 f> f be+ favorable to a full & 
free exhibition ( ! delib]ate views ( ! 
,re=m]s ev5 at t date1 & fully acc\nt = 
"s ( ! remnants ( ,romanism /ill f\nd 9 

t confession1 ^: import we are n[ to    
exam9e4 ,! decl>ation ( t elaborate     
hi/orian ,arnold1 is !re=e only too     
true2 ,melanc?on _h prep>$ ! ,confession
 amid great fe> & trembl+1 & 9 _m ?+s   
accommodat$ himself to ! ,papi/s4 7,nun 
hatte dieselbe ,melanc?on zuvor 9 gross5
 ,zitt]n und ,ang/5 aufgesetzet1 und si*
 9 viel5 na* d5 ,papi/5 bequemet4 ,note 
#ah  ,( simil> import is ! judgm5t (    
,dr4 ,hazelius4 sic on quotation m>k    
,note #ai ,9 ref]5ce to ! article (     
,baptism1 says he1 we h fir/ to rem9d ! 
read] ( ! s5tim5ts express$ by !        
,confessors1 9 ! preface to ?is 7!      
,augsburg7 ,confession1 decl>+ !re1 & 9 
v>i\s passages ( _! o!r writ+s1 t x 0 _!
 object1 n only to c\* ! s5tim5ts &     
doctr9es !y pr(ess$1 9 language ! lea/  
(f5sive to _! oppon5ts1 b also to ,,give
 ,,way ,,z ,,f> ,,z ,,consci5ce ,,w\ld  
,,p]mit4 ,?is be+ premis$1 we %all      
endeavor to discov] ! mean+ ( ! ,re=m]s 
9 reg>d to ! article ( baptism f "s ( ^?
 portions ( _! writ+s1 :]e !y _h n cause

 to be s circumspect & c>eful ( n giv+  
(f5ce to ! ,roman p>ty1 z !y _h 9 !     
deliv]y ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4  ,nor
 is x at all surpris+1 t1 z ,lu!r's     
views ( ! evils ( ! mass 7 s mu* cle>]  
ev5 at ?is p]iod1 he %\ld1 aft] sev5    
ye>s m "t = /udy1 & 9 times ( peace &   
security1 express 8 abhorr5ce ( ?is     
,romi% error 9 su* /rong t]ms z we meet 
9 ! ,smalcald ,articles4 ,inde$1 x 0 ?is
 undecid$ "* ( ! ,augsburg ,confession  
on "s po9ts1 :i* l$ ! ,elector1 :o1 9   
o!r respects valu$ x highly1 to h ?is   
new ,confession prep>$ by ,lu!r = !     
,c\ncil1 :i* ,pope ,paul ,,iii4 sic _h  
convok$1 to meet at ,mantua1 9 #aecg1 = 
! purpose ( settl+ ^! religi\s disputes4
 ,because1 says ,koelln]1 ! ,augsburg   
,confession _h be5 prep>$ ) ! view to   
give ! lea/ possible (f5ce to !         
oppon5ts4 ,b n[1 ! ,evangelical p>ty1   
be+ /rong]1 7 n only able to av[ ! po9ts
 ( diff]5ce m op5ly2 b !y 7 also det]m9$
 to d s2 & = su* negotiations a diff]5t 
=m 7f t ( ! ,augsburg ,confession7 0 (  

c\rse requisite4 ,f9ally1 ! transactions
 at ,augsburg1 dur+ ! reciprocal ef=ts  
at reconciliation1 & especially ?r\gh ! 
great mildness & yield+ disposition (   
,melanc?on1 _h 9 reg>d to _m doctr9es1  
oblit]at$ ! cle> & real po9t ( diff]5ce1
 s t 9 _m ( !m ! oppon5ts affirm$1 !re 0
 no long] any diff]5ce at all4          
,koelln]'s ,symbolik1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4     
#dda4  ,note #a4 ,! reason :y he 0 left1
 0 because ! civil au?orities (         
,augsburg except$ him 9 ! safe passport1
 :i* !y s5t to ! ,elector1 "u date (    
,april #cj4 ,see ,koelln]1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4
 #agb4  ,note #b4 ,i* habe ,m4          
,philips5's ,apologie ueb]les51 die     
gefaellt mir fa/ wohl1 und weisz ni*ts  
d>an zu bess]n1 no* zu a5d]n1 wu]de si* 
au* ni*t s*ick53 d5n i* s sanft und     
leise ni*t tret5 kann4  ,note #c4 ,we   
m5tion "h once = t all our extracts f   
,melanc?on's ,lett]s are translat$ f ,c4
 ,niemey]'s "w1 entitl$ ,philip         
,melanc?on im ,jahre d] ,augsburgis*5   
,confession1 ,halle1 #ahcj4  ,note #d4  

,niemey]1 pp4 #bf1 #bg4  ,note #e4 ,at t
 "t ,pr(essor ( ,greek & ,lat9          
,lit]ature 9 ! ,gymnasium ( ,nur5b]g4   
,note #f4 ,niemey]1 p4 #bh4  ,note #g4  
,niemey]1 p4 #gh4 ,i* kann es bei ,h(e  
ni*t erlang51 dasz von heir sic e9      
be/immt] ,bote an ,lu!r ges*ickt wird4  
,note #h4 ,page #cj4  ,note #i4 ,dogma  
nullum habemus div]sum a ,romana        
,ecclesia4  ,note #aj4 ,"h ,niemey] also
 gives ! ,lat93 ,p>ati sumus1 ob$ire    
ecclesiae ,romanae1 modo ut illa pro sua
 dem5tia1 qua semp] ergo omnes hom9es   
usa e/1 pauca qua$am vel dissimulet1 vel
 relaxet1 quae jam ne quidem1 si        
velimus1 mut>e queamus4  ,note #aa4 ,ad 
haec ,romani ,pontificis auctoritatem et
 univ]sam politiam ecclesia/icam1       
rev]5t] colimus1 modo non abjiciat nos  
,romanus ,pontifex4  ,note #ab4 ,"h1    
says ,niemey]1 ,melanc?on probably means
 ! ,romi% *ur* z %e ought to be1 & n z  
%e 04  ,note #ac4 ,page #cb4  ,note #ad4
 ,eure ,apologia habe i* empfang51 und  
nimmt mi* wund] 0 ihr meynet1 dasz ihr  

begehrt zu wiss51 0 und wie viel man d5 
paep/li*5 soll na*geb54 ,fu] me9e p]son 
i/ ihn5 allzuviel na*gegeb5 9 d]        
,apologia 7,confession74 ,lu!r's ,w]ke1 
,b4 ,,xx41 p4 #ahe1 ,leipsic ,edit4     
,note #ae4 ,see 8 lett] to ,cam]>ius1   
dat$ ,june #bf1 #aecj4 ,i* v]a5d]te und 
gosz das mei/e taegli* um1 und wu]de no*
 mehr]es gea$]t sic hab51 w5n es uns]e  
,rae! erlaubt hatt54 ,niemey]1 p4 #bh4  
,note #af4 ,melanc?on _h agre$ to !     
re/oration ( ! p[] ( ! bi%ops1 &        
evid5tly1 z se5 by 8 lett] to ,lu!r1 (  
,june #bf1 if ,lu!r _h n object$1 he    
w\ld h made "s retractions on ! celibacy
 ( ! cl]gy1 ! communion 9 bo? k9ds & ev5
 ! private & closet masses4 ,!          
,prote/ants did admit t ! sa9ts pray = u
 9 heav51 & t commemorative fe/ivals    
might be kept to pray ,god to accept !  
int]cession ( ^! sa9ts2 b by no means t 
our pray]s %\ld be address$ to ! sa9ts  
!mselves4 ,niemey]1 p4 #hg4  ,note #ag4 
,lu!r's ,works1 ,vol4 ,,xx1 p4 #aif4    
,note #ah4 ,gottfri$ ,arnold's          

,unp>!is*e ,kir*5 und ,ketz] ,hi/ori51  
,vol4 ,i41 p4 #hji1 edit4 #b;d ( #agdj4 
,note #ai4 ,doctr9e & ,discipl9e ( !    
,synod ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 pp4 #ah1 #ai1    
publi%$ 9 #ahda4   ,,*apt] ,,iv4        
,,cumulative ,,pro( ,,( ,,! ,,tru? ,,(  
,,! ,,sev]al ,,positions ,,( ,,!        
,,def9ite ,,synodical ,,plat=m4  ,!     
,preamble4  ,on ! subject ( ! preamble1 
we w add a few au?orities = "o or two ( 
its positions1 :i* we h he>d call$ 9 "q4
 ,on page #c1 we read3--  ,subsequ5tly1 
,lu!r & 8 coadjutors /ill fur!r *ang$ _!
 views on "s subjects 9 t ,confession1  
su* z ! mass4 ,! tru? ( ?is position is 
demon/rat$ ev5 by ! extract f !         
,smalcald ,articles1 giv5 on p4 #bb ( ! 
,plat=m4 ,9 ! ,augsburg ,confession1    
,melan*on sic says 7& ,lu!r approv$ (   
x73 ,x1 is unju/ly *>g$ aga9/ our       
*ur*es1 t !y h aboli%$ ! mass4 ,= x is  
notori\s t ! mass is celebrat$ among u )
 great] devotion & s]i\sness ?an by our 
oppon5ts4 ,b sev5 ye>s lat]1 9 !        
,smalcald ,articles1 ,lu!r employs ?is v

 diff]5t language1 :i* 0 sanction$ by 8 
coadjutors3 ,! mass 9 ! ,papal *ur*1 mu/
 be ! greate/ & mo/ t]rible abom9ation1 
s9ce x is directly & /rongly oppos$ to  
?is *ief article 7( ,ju/ification ?r\gh 
fai? 9 ,*ri/17 c4 ,"h ! contradiction 9 
words is positive & unqualifi$4 ,b we   
mu/ recollect t ! t]m mass "h1 z w be   
fully prov$ h]eaft]1 does n signify !   
,papal mass 9 full4 ,x is a well-kn[n   
fact1 & ! ,confession itself in=ms u1 t 
! confessors _h long be=e reject$       
private & closet masses1 & also _h      
reject$ ! idea ( ! public mass be+ a    
sacrifice1 or (f]+ ( ,*ri/1 = ! s9s ( ! 
liv+ or ! dead4 ,b t ! ^w mass _c be    
reg>d$ z m]ely synonym\s ) ,"l's ,supp]1
 or communion1 9 ?is passage1 z x       
frequ5tly is else:]e1 is cle> f !       
context4 ,= we are told t by prop] &    
dilig5t in/ruction 9 ! design & prop]   
mode ( receiv+ ! holy sacram5t1 ! p are 
attract$ to ! communion & to ! mass1    
7zur communion und mess gezog5 wird27   
cle>ly prov+ t by mass !y "h meant      

some?+ else ?an communion1 namely1 !    
public mass1 dive/$ ( its sacrificial   
nature1 & ( its design to b5efit any    
o!rs ?an ! communicants !mselves2 9     
%ort1 reg>d+ x1 ?us modifi$1 z an       
admissible prep>ation = ! holy          
communion4 ,?is mass1 :i* ! ,plat=m1 )  
great mod]ation1 /yles m]ely ,c]emonies 
( ! mass1 p4 #ba1 !y confess$ly did     
subsequ5tly also ab&on1 z !y _h done    
private & closet masses be=e4  ,aga91 if
 we may believe ,lu!r himself1 !y       
c]ta9ly did a aft]w>d *ange _! gr\nd 9  
reg>d to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,pope &     
bi%ops4 ,he> 8 own language 9 #aecc1    
?ree ye>s lat]3 ,hi!rto we h always1 &  
especially at ! diet ( ,augsburg1 v     
humbly (f]$ to ! ,pope & bi%ops1 t we   
w\ld n de/roy _! ecclesia/ical "r & p[]1
 b t we w\ld gladly be consecrat$ &     
gov]n$ by !m1 & aid 9 ma9ta9+ _!        
pr]ogatives & p[]1 if !y w\ld n =ce ^u u
 articles too un*ri/ian4 ,b we h be5    
unable to obta9 ?is2 on ! contr>y1 !y   
wi% to =ce u away f ! tru?1 to adopt _! 

lies & abom9ations1 or wi% u put to     
dea?4 ,if n[1 7z !y are su* h>d5$       
,ph>aohs17 _! au?ority & consecration   
%\ld f>e z _! indulg5ces did1 ^: fault w
 x be8 ,he !n proce$s to d5\nce ! p[] & 
consecration :i* he _h admitt$ at ! "t (
 ! ,augsburg ,diet1 & decl>es ! *ur*'s  
entire indep5d5ce ( ,rome = ord9ation4  
,note #a  ,aga91 ! ,preamble ass]ts1 ,t 
! entire ,lu!ran ,*ur* ( ,g]many has    
reject$ ! symbolical books z a :ole1 &  
also ab&on$ "s ( ! doctr9es ( !         
,augsburg ,confession1 among o!rs ! f>  
great] "p ( !m1 ! doctr9e ( ! bodily    
pres5ce ( ! ,savi\r 9 ! eu*>i/4  ,! tru?
 ( ^! positions is well kn[n to ^?      
acqua9t$ ) ! *ur*es 9 ,g]many g5]ally4  
,a few extracts f /&>d au?orities may be
 pleas+ to ^? n well in=m$ on ?is       
subject4 ,says ,koelln]1 9 #ahcg3 ,!    
!ologians ( m rec5t times h1 z a body1  
dep>t$ f ! rigid doctr9al sy/em ( !     
symbols1 & let x be p>ticul>ly not$1 n  
only ^? :o 9 ! oppos+ p>ties are t]m$   
rationali/s1 b also ^? :o1 9 anti!sis to

 ^!1 desire to be reg>d$ z *ampions = ! 
doctr9es ( ! *ur*4 ,accord+ly1 n only ^?
 :o h be5 suffici5tly d5\nc$ z het]odox1
 h ab&on$ ! doctr9es ( ! symbols1 b also
 ! s-call$ or?odox1 su* z ,do$]le91     
,morus1 ,mi*aelis1 ! v5]able ,re9h>d1   
,knapp1 ,/orr1 ,s*ott1 ,s*w>tz1 ,augu/i1
 ,m>he9ecke1 z well z ,hahn1 ,olt%aus51 
,?oluk1 & ,h5g/5b]g4 ,9 l mann] has !   
public pl$ge to ! symbols be5 greatly   
relax$1 & is n[h]e unconditional2 b 9   
fidelity to ! pr9ciples ( ,prote/antism1
 & gu>d+ x1 ! obligation is always      
express$ ) ! explicit res]vation ( !    
supreme au?ority ( ! ,scriptures1 z is  
evid5t f an inspection ( ! pl$ges       
prescrib$ 9 ! diff]5t ,prote/ant        
c\ntries4 ,note #b ,aga93 ,x may z well 
be confess$ & op5ly av[$1 = ! good ( !  
*ur*1 t1 !re are b few !ologians :o /ill
 believe & tea* ! doctr9es ( ! symbols4 
,note #c  ,pr(essor ,s*ultz1 9 8 "w on !
 ,eu*>i/1 ,note #d 9 #ahca1 says3 ,if1 9
 ! mo/ rec5t times1 individuals h "h &  
!re aris5 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* itself1 z   

def5d]s ( ,lu!r's views ( ! ,"l's       
,supp]1 x mu/ n be ov]look$1 t ev5 !y1  
s5sibly feel+ ! difficulty ( _!         
und]tak+1 resort to all mann] ( subtle  
explanations & arbitr>y additions1 9    
ord] to expla9 away ! objectionable     
aspects ( ?is view4  ,f9ally1 li/5 to ! 
te/imony ( ,dr4 ,hag5ba*1 ( ,basel1 "o (
 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ or?odox div9es (        
,europe3 ,h[ few ,lu!rans1 9 ?is        
rationaliz+ p]iod1 firmly adh]e to !    
doctr9e ( ! bodily pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 !  
eu*>i/3 & h[ few ,re=m$ adh]$ consi/5tly
 to ! doctr9e ( unconditional election4 
,if1 !re=e1 ! "o1 p>ty rel9qui%$ ! "o1 &
 ! o!r p>ty ! o!r po9t 7or divid+       
doctr9e17 !n ! union betwe5 !m 0 ( c\rse
 effect$ 9 ! mo/ natural way possible4  
,note #e  ,we close our obs]vations on  
?is topic ) ! impressive c\nsels ( !    
v5]able ,dr4 ,knapp3 ,note #f           
,speculations conc]n+ ! mann] ( !       
pres5ce ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 h n ! 
lea/ influ5ce ^u ! nature & efficacy ( !
 ,"l's ,supp]4 ,:at ! ,*ri/ian *iefly   

ne$s to "k is ! object & uses ( ?is     
rite1 & to act accord+ly4 ,vide         
,sec4#ade4 ,he mu/ !re !re=e believe f !
 he>t t ,*ri/ di$ = him2 t n[1 9 8      
exalt$ /ate1 he is /ill active 9 provid+
 = 8 welf>e2 & t h5ce x becomes him to  
approa* ! ,"l's table ) feel+s ( !      
deepe/ rev]5ce & mo/ grateful love to   
,god & to ,*ri/4 ,^u ?is ev]y?+ dep5ds1 
& ?is makes ! ord9ance truly edify+ &   
com=t+ 9 its influ5ce4 ,^! b5efits may  
be d]iv$ f ?is ord9ance by all          
,*ri/ians2 & to all :o h true fai?1 or  
:o all[ ?is ord9ance to h its prop]     
effect 9 awak5+ att5tion to ! great     
tru?s :i* x exhibits1 x is a p[]ful1    
div9ely-appo9t$ means ( grace1 :atev]   
!ory respect+ x !y may adopt--! ,lu!ran1
 ! ,re=m$1 or ev5 ! ,roman ,ca?olic     
transub/antiation1 gross z ?is error is4
  ,! ,am]ican ,rec5sion ( ! ,augsburg   
,confession4  ,! g5]al pr9ciple1 on :i* 
?is ,rec5sion 0 con/ruct$1 is to pres5t 
! doctr9al articles entire1 )\t ! *ange 
( a s+le ^w1 m]ely omitt+ ! sev]al      

s5t5ces g5]ally reg>d$ z errone\s1      
toge!r ) ne>ly ! entire condemnatory    
clauses1 & add+ no?+ 9 _! /ead4 ,all t !
 ,rec5sion conta9s is !re=e !           
unadult]at$ ,augsburg ,confession1      
slightly abridg$4 ,! foll[+ li/ w %[1 t 
almo/ ! entire ,confession is ?us       
reta9$1 a s+le article only be+ omitt$1 
viz43 t on ,private ,confession &       
,absolution4  ,,art4 ,i4 ,( ,god3 reta9$
 entire4  ,,art4 ,,ii4 ,( ,natural      
,depravity3 entire1 except ! omission ( 
! words1 by baptism & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,!   
condemnatory clause is also giv51 except
 ! "n  ,pelagians & o!rs1 c4  ,,art4    
,,iii4 ,( ! ,son ( ,god & 8 ,m$iatorial 
,"w3 reta9$ entire4  ,,art4 ,,iv4 ,(    
,ju/ification3 reta9$ entire4  ,,art4   
,v4 ,( ! ,m9i/]ial ,(fice3 reta9$       
entire4  ,,art4 ,,vi4 ,conc]n+ ,new     
,ob$i5ce 7or a ,*ri/ian ,life37 entire4 
,,art4 ,,vii4 ,( ! ,*ur*3 entire4       
,,art4 ,,viii4 ,:at ! ,*ur* is3 entire1 
except ! omission ( ! la/ two s5t5ces4  
,,art4 ,,ix4 ,conc]n+ ,baptism3 accord+ 

to ! ,g]man copy4 entire4  ,,art4 ,x4 ,(
 ! ,"l's ,supp]3 omits ! words body &   
blood & truly1 & ! phrase are disp5s$1  
c4  ,,art4 ,,xi4 ,( ,confession3 omitt$1
 z private confession & absolution sic  
on punctuation are confess$ly n taught 9
 ,scripture4  ,,art4 ,,xii ,( ,rep5tance
 7aft] ,backslid+37 entire1 except !    
omission ( ! *ur*'s grant+ absolution to
 ^? manife/+ rep5tance1 & t fai? is     
produc$ also by means absolution4       
,,art4 ,,xiii4 ,( ! ,use ( ! ,sacram5ts4
 entire4  ,,art4 ,,xiv4 ,( ,*ur* ,ord]s1
 7or ! ,m9i/ry47 entire4  ,,art4 ,,xv4  
,( ,religi\s ,c]emonies4 entire4  ,,art4
 ,,xvi4 ,( ,political ,affairs2 7except+
 ! ^w imp]ial47 entire4  ,,art4 ,,xvii4 
,( ,*ri/'s ,return to ,judgm5t4 entire4 
,,art4 ,,xviii4 ,( ,free ,w4 entire4    
,,art4 ,,xix4 ,( ! ,au?or ( ,s94 entire4
  ,,art4 ,,xx4 ,( ,god's ,works4 entire4
  ,,art4 ,,xxi4 ,( ! ,invocation ( !    
,sa9ts1 7except a ref]5ce to ! au?ority 
( ! ,romi% *ur*1 ! canons & ! fa!rs47   
entire4  ,note #a4 ,see ,lu!r's ,works1 

,vol4 ,,xxi41 p4 #cd1 ,leipsic ed4 ,see 
?is subject ably discuss$ 9 sev]al      
articles 9 ! ,evangelical ,lu!ran1 (    
,decemb]1 #ahce1 by ,dr4 ,s4 ,spre*]1   
,presid5t ( ,witt5b]g ,college1 ,ohio4  
,note #b4 ,koelln]'s ,symbolik1 ,vol4   
,i41 p4 #aba4  ,note #c4 ,idem4 p4 #adh4
  ,note #d4 ,p4 #cdd4  ,note #e4        
,hag5ba*'s ,*ur* ,hi/ory ( ! ,eighte5? &
 ,n9ete5? ,c5turies1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4    
#ceh2 also ,hahn's ,lehrbu*1 #ahbh1 p4  
#egh4  ,note #f4 ,see ,knapp's ,!ology1 
translat$ by ,l4 ,woods1 ,jr41 page     
#eac1a 7,glaub5's ,lehre1 c41 #ahbg17 or
 ,g]man copy1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #eje4     
,,*apt] ,v4 ,,synodical ,,disclaim]1 or 
,li/ ( ,symbolic ,errors reject$ by !   
great body ( ! *ur*es belong+ to !      
,g5]al ,synod4  ,hav+ n[ arriv$ at !    
second "p ( ! ,def9ite ,synodical       
,plat=m1 namely1 t "p :i* is n to be    
subscrib$ to by ! memb]s ( ,synod2 b :i*
 is publi%$ z ! view ( ! majority1 f :i*
 individuals are all[$ to diss5t2 we    
%all pursue ! foll[+ ord] 9 reg>d to ea*

 topic3  #a4 ,we %all recapitulate1     
briefly1 :at ! ,plat=m does ass]t4  #b4 
,/ate ! objections made to ^! positions 
by ! plea ( ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mann4  #c4      
,exam9e ^! objections & v9dicate :at    
seems to be ! tru?4 ,& z ! ,rev4 ,mr4   
,mann conf9es himself to ! alleg$ errors
 ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 we %all1 )  
little exception1 d ! same4  ,,c]emonies
 ,,( ,,! ,,mass4  #a4 ,z to :at !       
,plat=m tea*es on ?is topic1 !re ought  
to be no difficulty2 because1  a4 ,on   
page #e ( ! ,plat=m1 we f9d a def9ite   
li/ ( ! errors conta9$ 9 ! ,augsburg    
,confession1 viz43  #a4 ,! approval ( ! 
c]emonies ( ! mass4  #b4 ,private       
,confession & ,absolution4  #c4 ,d5ial (
 ! ,div9e obligation ( ! ,*ri/ian       
,sabba?4  #d4 ,baptismal ,reg5]ation4   
#e4 ,! real pres5ce ( ! body & blood ( !
 ,savi\r 9 ! ,eu*>i/4  ,"h x is evid5t t
 ! *>ge is1 t ! ,confession advocates ! 
c]emonies ( ! mass1 b n ! mass itself1 z
 has be5 alleg$4  b4 ,9 ! same connexion
 x is /at$1 ,^! are ! only errors       

conta9$ 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,b if
 ^! are ! only errors *>g$1 !n x foll[s 
t ! error ( inculcat+ ! mass itself1 or 
doctr9e ( ! mass1 is at all ev5ts n *>g$
 9 ! ,plat=m1 if x is 9 words ev5       
conta9$ 9 ! ,confession4  c4 ,! caption 
9 ! li/ ( errors on page #ba ( !        
,plat=m1 is n head$ ! ,mass1 z is !     
article ( ! ,confession to :i* x ref]s2 
b :at ! ,confession calls mass1 !       
,plat=m1 ) great mod]ation1 /yles       
,c]emonies ( ! mass4  d4 ,9 ! li/ (     
errors1 ! pr(ession ( :i* %\ld exclude f
 memb]%ip 9 ,synods accept+ ! ,plat=m1  
we f9d p4 #ae1 ! foll[+3 ,:il/ we w n   
admit into our ,synod any "o :o believes
 9 ,exorcism1 ,private ,confession &    
,absolution1 or ! ,c]emonies ( ! ,mass4 
,"h aga9 ,c]emonies ( ! mass are /at$1 b
 if ! ,plat=m taught t ! ,mass itself is
 inculcat$ 9 ! ,confession1 believ]s 9 !
 ,mass w\ld1 a =tiori1 h also be5       
m5tion$ z exclud$4  ,:at !n is ! mean+ (
 ! s5t5ce on page #bb ( ! ,plat=m1 ,9   
refutation ( ! tol]ant views ( ! mass   

above express$1 c8 ,:y1 ( c\rse we %\ld 
suppose x meant ^? views ( ! mass :i* ! 
,plat=m *>ges aga9/ ! ,confession1 z    
taught 9 ^! passages1 namely1 reta9+ &  
approv+ ! c]emonial ( ! mass1 :i*       
con/itut$ by f> ! great] "p ( ! public  
mass1 s call$1 al?\gh its nature _h be5 
*ang$ by d5y+ ! sacrificial "* ( !      
m9i/]'s act ( self-communion1 & its be+ 
p]=m$ = ! b5efit ( o!rs1 ei!r liv+ or   
dead4 ,we ?9k also1 "s objectionable    
p>ts ( ! c]emonial itself 7 *ang$1      
al?\gh ! ,confession ass]ts t ! addition
 ( "s ,g]man hymns1 along ) ! ,lat91 0 !
 only alt]ation made4 ,among ^?         
objectionable p>ts reta9$1 0 ! elevation
 ( ! ho/1 ( :i* ,lu!r ?us speaks1 9 8   
,%ort ,confession ab\t ! ,sacram5t aga9/
 ! ,fanatics19 #aedd4 ,note #a ,x1      
happ5$ ab\t tw5ty or tw5ty-two ye>s ago1
 :5 ,i began to condemn ! mass 7messe17 
& wrote sev]ely aga9/ ! papi/s1 to %[ t 
x 7! mass7 0 n a sacrifice1 nor a "w (  
ours1 b a gift & bless+ or te/am5t (    
,god1 :i* we c\ld n (f] to ,god1 b ought

 & mu/ receive f him4 ,at t "t ,i 0     
dispos$ to reject ! elevation ( ! ho/1  
on acc\nt ( ! papi/s1 :o reg>d x1 z a   
sacrifice1 c4 ,b z our doctr9e 0 at t "t
 new & exce$+ly (f5sive ov] ! :ole _w1  
,i _h to proce$ cauti\sly1 & on acc\nt (
 ! weak1 to yield _m ?+s1 :i* ,i1 at a  
lat] p]iod1 w\ld n d4 ,i !re=e suff]$ ! 
elevation ( ! ho/1 to rema91 especially 
z x admits ( a favorable1 explanation1 z
 ,i %[$ 9 my little "w ',de ,captivitate
 ,babylonica1 c4' ,! elevation ( ! ho/ 0
 /ill practis$ 9 ,saxony g5]ally 9      
#aedb1 ,note #b twelve ye>s aft] !      
,confession 0 writt51 approv+ ( !       
c]emonies ( ! mass1 ( :i* ?is 0 "o4 ,?is
 remnant ( pop]y 01 h[ev]1 univ]sally   
reject$ soon aft] ?is p]iod1 c]ta9ly    
be=e #aede1 & 9 ,witt5b]g1 9 #aedb4     
,aga91 :at is ! natural import ( !      
phrase on page #ba ( ! ,plat=m3         
,accord+ly ! ,lu!ran *ur*1 9 ,europe &  
,am]ica1 has unanim\sly repudiat$ alike 
! mass & its c]emonies4 ,! passage      
itself specifies no "t1 :5 ei!r 0       

reject$1 & nei!r says nor implies t bo? 
7 reject$ at ! same "t4 ,! ^w accord+ly 
ref]s to :at prec$$4 ,! :ole reads ?us3 
,topic ,i41 ,c]emonies ( ! mass4 ,!     
error taught on ?is subject by !        
,augsburg ,confession & ,apology to x   
7namely1 ! error on ^! c]emonies ( !    
mass7 0 reject$ by ! re=m]s !mselves a  
few ye>s aft] ! ,confession 0 fir/      
publi%$4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1   
bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 has unanim\sly 
repudiat$ alike ! mass & its c]emonies4 
,z ! ,augsburg ,confession expressly    
tea*es t private & closet masses _h be5 
previ\sly reject$1 & ! ,plat=m says !   
only error 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession on 
?is subject is ! c]emonies ( ! public   
mass1 its sacrificial & vic>i\s nature  
hav+ also be5 repudiat$ long be=e1 x    
foll[s1 t ! ?+ "h spok5 ( z ! mass & its
 c]emonies is t remnant ( ?is rite1 :i*1
 z prov$ above1 _h n yet be5 reject$    
be=e #aecj1 ! ess5tial doctr9e ev5 ( !  
public mass hav+ be5 reject$ long be=e4 
,h5ce1 ! import ( ?is passage is3 t :il/

 ! re=m]s _h long be=e ! ,diet (        
,augsburg reject$ ! doctr9e ( ! mass1 z 
a sacrifice or a vic>i\s s]vice = !     
b5efit ( o!rs1 & _h :olly reject$       
private & closet masses2 !y reta9$ !    
c]emonies or ritual ( ! public mass1    
prec$+ communion3 b ev5 ?is latt] also  
!y r5\nc$ soon aft]2 & accord+ly1 !     
,lu!ran *ur*1 e :]e 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1
 imitat+ _! example1 has repudiat$ alike
 ! mass & its c]emonies1 :i* ) !        
above-m5tion$ v>i\s qualifications1 are 
taught 9 ! passages cit$ f !            
,confession4 ,_h we be5 writ+ = ^?      
unacqua9t$ ) ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ! 
qualifications "h ref]r$ to1 might h be5
 specifi$4  #b4 ,our next inquiry is1   
,:at objection does ! ,plea make to !   
repres5tations ( ! ,plat=m on ?is       
subject8  ,! :ole *>ge ( our respect$   
fri5d aga9/ ! ,plat=m is1 t x           
misappreh5ds ! import ( ! ^w mass 9 !   
#bd? ,article1 & !re=e misrepres5ts !   
,confession1 9 *>g+ x ) sanction+ !     
c]emonies ( ! ,romi% mass4 ,to support  

?is *>ge he affirms1 t ! ^w mass 7or    
missa1 mess17 0 at ! "t ( ! ,confession1
 9 #aecj1 9 g5]al use = ! eu*>i/2 & t 9 
lat] ye>s ! t]m mass1 9 ?is s5se1 0     
entirely giv5 up by ! ,re=m]s1 page #ae 
( ,plea4  ,! *>ge is c]ta9ly a grave "o1
 & if unf\nd$1 a griev\s inju/ice is    
done to ! v5]able "m symbol (           
,prote/antism4 ,view+ x 9 ?is light1 we 
7 sl[ to admit its tru? ourselves1 until
 a pretty ext5sive acqua9tance ) !      
writ+s ( ! ,re=m]s compell$ u to yield  
our conviction4 ,/ill we w\ld h greatly 
pref]r$ to rema9 sil5t on ! subject &   
?r[ ! mantle ( oblivion ov] ?is de=mity 
( our symbolic "m2 _h n ill-advis$      
ultra-symboli/s ( late ye>s c>ri$ on a  
crusade aga9/ all ,lu!rans :o w n adopt 
! entire symbolic sy/em4 ,! *>ge 9 !    
,plat=m 0 advis$ly made1 aft] c>eful    
exam9ation4 ,s9ce ! *>ge has be5 d5i$1  
we h aga9 ext5sively exam9$ ! writ+s ( !
 ,re=m]s1 & :il/ x w\ld af=d u pleasure 
to )draw x1 & ackn[l$ge our error2 our  
conviction has gr[n m firm1 & we %all be

 greatly surpris$ if ! great majority ( 
imp>tial m9ds d n f9d ! evid5ce ( our   
position fully satisfactory4 ,at ! same 
"t1 :il/ we *>ge ! ,confession ) favor+ 
m]ely ! c]emonies ( ! mass1 o!r writ]s (
 ! fir/ respectability1 h express$ !    
*>ge 9 /rong] language4 ,?us ,fuhrmann1 
9 8 ,lexicon ( ,religi\s &              
,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 speak+ ( !      
,romi% mass1 says3 ,t ,lu!r = "s "t     
tol]at$ x1 & gave if a a ,g]man g>b &   
aft]w>ds aboli%$ x1 is notori\s4 ,note  
#c ,& t imp>tial & highly respectable   
hi/orian ( our own c\ntry1 ,dr4         
,murdock1 ^: ext5d$ & valuable additions
 to ! classic *ur* hi/ory ( ,dr4        
,mo%iem1 abundantly prove 8 acqua9tance 
) ! subject2 9 giv+ a synopsis ( !      
cont5ts ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ?us  
epitomises ! #bd? ,article3 ,!          
,prote/ants are falsely tax$ ) aboli%+ !
 mass4 ,!y only purifi$ x2 & disc>d$ !  
idea ( its be+ a "w ( m]it1 or (f]+ = ! 
s9s ( ! liv+ & ! dead1 :i* militates    
aga9/ ! scriptural doctr9e1 t ,*ri/'s   

sacrifice is ! only s9 (f]+4 note #d  ,9
 ord] t we may give ?is "q an imp>tial &
 consci5ti\s inve/igation1 let u fir/   
inquire into ! mean+ ( ! ^w mass among !
 ,papi/s1 ap>t f ! pres5t dispute4 ,mass
 7missa1 ,mess17 says ,fuhrmann1 9 8    
,lexicon ( ,religi\s & ,ecclesia/ical   
,hi/ory1 ,note #e at fir/ signifi$ t    
wor%ip ( ,god1 :i* prec$$ ! celebration 
( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,subsequ5tly1 &       
especially 9 ! fif? c5tury1 m9i/]s t]m$ 
! public celebration ( ! eu*>i/1 mass   
7or missa1 dismiss$72 because ?is s]vice
 took place aft] ! cate*um5s 7 dismiss$4
 ,?is ^w 'missa' 0 gradually corrupt$   
into mass4 ,b h[ did t mode ( celebrat+ 
?is ord9ance arise 9 ! ,romi% ,*ur*1 :i*
 consi/$ 9 ! prie/'s giv+ ! sacram5t to 
himself alone1 connect$ ) solemn turn+s 
ar\nd1 & mov+ ab\t f place to place1 &  
*anges ( attitude1 resembl+ 9 "s degree 
a !atrical exhibition1 :i* is t]m$ mass8
 ,he !n proce$s to expla9 ! hi/ory ( !  
,romi% mass "h def9$4  ,siegel1 9 8     
excell5t ,manual ( ,*ri/ian             

,ecclesia/ical ,antiquities1 publi%$ at 
,leipsic1 9 #ahcg1 9 f\r volumes1       
pres5ts an ext5d$ view ( ?is subject1 f 
:i* we w extract little m ?an 8         
def9ition ( ! mass4 ,! mass1 9 ! ,roman 
,ca?olic s5se ( ! t]m1 belongs n to !   
c5turies ( ,*ri/ian antiquity1 b to a   
lat] p]iod4 ,note #f ,we take up !      
subject at ! "t :5 ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( 
transub/antiation 0 fully develop$1     
7s9ce ! ,lat]an ,c\ncil ( #abae47 ,9    
con=mity to ?is view ( ! sacram5t1 7!   
doctr9e ( transub/antiation17 ! idea ( !
 mass 0 s develop$1 z to signify t      
solemn act ( ! prie/1 decorat$ ) _m     
c]emonies1 by :i* he (f]s ! unbloody    
sacrifice at ! alt>4 ,note #g ,! mass   
s]vice is a commixture ( ,scripture     
passages1 long & %ort pray]s1 extracts f
 ! gospels & epi/les 7p]icop517 liturgic
 =ms1 :i* are divid$ into sev]al *ief   
p>ts1 designat$ by diff]5t names1       
,introitus1 ,(f]torium1 ,canon missae1  
c4 ,note #h ,?is :ole s]vice am\nts to  
"s fifte5 or tw5ty octavo pages1 includ+

 ! directions = g5uflections1 cross+s1  
t]giv]sations1 c41 occupy+ ab\t an h\r 9
 ! read+1 ! p]=mance ( :i* by ! prie/ 0 
t]m$ read+ mass1 z ! li/5+ ( ! audi5ce 0
 call$ he>+ mass4  ,9 view ( ^!         
au?orities1 we may take = grant$1 :at we
 suppose no "o w d5y1 t 9 ! ,romi%      
,*ur*1 n only ( ! pres5t day1 b s9ce    
sev]al c5turies be=e ! ,re=mation1 &1   
!re=e1 9 #aecj1 ! mo/ common & prim>y   
mean+ ( ! ^w mass1 0 n ,"l's ,supp]2 b t
 long c]emonial1 includ+ ! consecration 
( ! elem5ts1 elevation ( ! ho/1 &       
self-communion ( ! prie/1 z an (f]+ ( ! 
body ( ,*ri/ a sacrifice = ! s9s ( !    
liv+ & dead1 :i* prec$$ ! di/ribution ( 
! sacram5t to ! p4  ,aga91 x w be       
admitt$1 t :il/ among ,papi/s ! above   
specific mean+ ( ! ^w mass 0 ! mo/      
common "o1 t t]m 0 also n unfrequ5tly   
us$ by synecdo*e1 z a "p ( ! :ole1 to   
designate ! sacram5tal celebration 9    
g5]al3 j z we use ! ^w prea*+ :i*       
specifically signifies ! deliv]y ( a    
s]mon1 = ! :ole s]vices ( public wor%ip 

9 ! phrase1 w y g to prea*+ to-day8     
,f9ally1 x w be admitt$1 t ! ,re=m]s1   
hav+ be5 educat$ z ,papi/s1 7 tra9$ up  
to ?is tw(old use ( ! ^w mass1 namely1  
specifically ! ext5d$ s]vices above     
describ$1 :i* prec$$ ! communion1 &     
sometimes in=mally ! eu*>i/1 communion  
or sacram5t 9 g5]al4  ,! "q !n seems    
def9itely to be r$uc$ to ^! two         
inquiries2 fir/1 ,did ! ,re=m]s reta9   
?is di/9ction 9 ! use ( ! ^w mass at !  
"t ( ! ,diet at ,augsburg2 &1 secondly1 
did !y employ ! ^w 9 its specific s5se 9
 ! disput$ passages ( t ,confession8    
,fir/ ,inquiry4  ,we %all fir/ inquire  
:e!r ?is di/9ction 9 ! use ( ! ^w mass 0
 obs]v$ by ! ,re=m]s at & be=e ! "t ( ! 
,augsburg ,diet8  ,i4 ,& fir/ let u li/5
 to ,lu!r himself4 ,9 #aebc1 ! great    
,re=m]1 #a1 9 8 ,me?od ( conduct+       
,*ri/ian ,mass1 address$ to ,rev4       
,nicolas ,hausman1 aft] hav+ reject$ su*
 portions ( ! ,romi% mass1 z he ?\ght   
wrong1 he approv$ o!rs1 z expla9$ by    
himself1 su* z !1 ,introitus1 ! ,kyrie  

eleison1 ! ,collecta or pray] epi/les1 !
 ,s++ ( ! ,gradual1 a %ort sequ5s1 !    
,gospel1 ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 & a numb] ( o!r
 matt]s1 includ+ ! elevation ( ! ho/1 b 
n = wor%ip1 ,note #i he proce$s to !    
next "p ( ! ,treatise :i* is head$ ,h[  
to adm9i/] ! mo/ holy sacram5t to ! p1  
,note #aj & 8 fir/ s5t5ce is ! foll[+3  
,let ?is mu* suffice to be said ( !     
,mass1 & s]vice ( ! m9i/]2 we w n[      
proce$ to treat ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! holy  
sacram5t %all be adm9i/]$ to ! p1 = ^:  
b5efit especially ! ,supp] ( our ,"l 0  
in/itut$4 ,"h we cle>ly see ! di/9ction 
betwe5 ! p]=mances ( ! prie/ be=e !     
communion :i* con/itute ! ,mass1 & !    
di/ribution ( ! elem5ts to ! p1 :i* he  
t]ms holy sacram5t4 ,!n1 aft] hav+      
discuss$ ! subject ( ! communion1 t x   
%\ld be receiv$ 9 bo? k9ds1 c41 he adds1
 ,let ?is suffice = ! pres5t on !       
subject ( ! mass & communion4 ,note #aa 
#b4 ,9 8 lett] to ,laz>us ,sp5gl]1 9    
#aebh1 ,lu!r obs]ves ?is same di/9ction4
 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he rem>ks1 x is       

unreasonable t any "o %\ld be =c$ to    
receive ! sacram5t or to ab/a9 f x4 ,&  
he adds3 ,all masses1 at :i* !re are no 
communicants 7t is1 at :i* ! sacram5t is
 n adm9i/]$17 %\ld absolutely be omitt$4
 ,note #ab ,"h ! adm9i/ration ( ! supp] 
to ! laity is t]m$ sacram5t1 & t s]vice 
p]=m$ by ! m9i/]1 :i* 0 sometimes       
succe$$ by ! sacram5t or communion1 & at
 o!rs n1 is call$ mass4  #c4 ,! ,c\nsel 
( ,lu!r & ,pom]anius1 9 #aebh1 to ,duke 
,george3 ,fir/1 z y inquire conc]n+ p>i%
 masses1 c4 ,be x kn[n to y t no m9i/] c
 ) good consci5ce p]=m mass alone1 :5   
!re are no communicants4 ,!re=e "h !re  
is no room = fur!r inquiry2 ei!r !re mu/
 be communicants1 or !m %\ld be no mass4
 ,note #ac  #d4 ,lu!r's ,confession ( ! 
,*ri/ian ,doctr9es1 9 ,,xvii4 ,articles1
 publi%$ 9 #aecj4 ,?is is a v %ort      
,confession1 ea* article conta9+ b ?ree 
or f\r s5t5ces1 & ! :ole am\nt+ to only 
?ree or f\r #hvo4 pages4 ,9 ,article ,x4
 he says3 ,! eu*>i/ or sacram5t ( ! alt>
 also consi/s ( two p>ts1 namely t !    

true body & blood ( ,*ri/ %\ld v]ily be 
pres5t 9 ! bread & w9e2 & 9 ,article    
,,xvi4 he says3 ,above all o!r          
abom9ations1 ! masses1 t h hi!rto be5   
reg>d$ z a sacrifice or good "w1 by :i* 
"o design$ to procure grace = ! o!r1 are
 to be reject$4 ,note #ad ,"h !         
di/9ction is n only made betwe5 ! mass &
 eu*>i/1 b ! doctr9e ( ! mass z a       
sacrifice ( ,*ri/ (f]$ by ! prie/ =     
o!rs1 is also d5\nc$4 ,x w also be      
recollect$ t ?is view ( ! mass z a      
sacrifice1 & z vic>i\s1 is /rongly      
d5\nc$ 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 :il/ !
 *>ge ( hav+ reject$ ! rite itself ) ^! 
& o!r modifications1 is flatly d5i$1 9  
^! words3 ,x is unju/ly *>g$ aga9/ our  
*ur*es1 t !y h aboli%$ ! mass1 7,art4   
,,xxiv41 p4 #ba ( ! ,plat=m17 a ?+ nev] 
*>g$ aga9/ !m 9 ref]5ce to ! eu*>i/1 = f
 ! v beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation1 !y *>g$ !   
,papi/s ) hav+ mutilat$ x1 & claim$ !   
re/oration ( ! cup also to ! laity4  #e4
 ,9 a lett] ( ,septemb] #bj1 #aecj1     
address$ to ,ju/us ,jonas1 "o ( !       

!ologians at ! diet1 ,lu!r ?us expresses
 himself3 ,=1 :at else d our oppon5ts1  
7! ,papi/s17 presume to propose1 ?an t  
!y %all n yield a hairsbread?1 b t we n 
only yield on ! subject ( ! canon1 !    
mass1 ! "o k9d1 79 ! eu*>i/17 celibacy1 
7( ! cl]gy17 & jurisdiction 7( !        
bi%ops72 b %all also admit t !y h taught
 ! tru?1 & act$ prop]ly 9 all ?+s1 & 7  
falsely accus$ by u4 ,note #ae ,"h !    
mass is aga9 di/+ui%$ f ! eu*>i/ 9 "o   
k9d4 ,he !n adds3 ,if we w get at x     
7yield+ to ! ,papi/s17 let u yield only 
! canon1 & ! closet masses2 & ei!r ( ^! 
two is suffici5t fully to d5y our       
doctr9e & to confirm !irs4 ,! canon 0 t 
"p ( ! ritual ( ! mass :i* conta9$ ! =ms
 ( transub/antiation1 :i* 7 positively  
reject$ by ! re=m]s1 ! closet masses are
 reject$ 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession2 b   
,lu!r says no?+ aga9/ ! public mass1    
qualifi$ z x is 9 ! ,confession4  #f4 ,9
 8 ,exhortation to ! ,sacram5t ( ! body 
& blood ( ,*ri/1 publi%$ 9 #aecj1 he    
says3 ,if ! ,papi/s d1 z usual1 quibble 

at my language1 & boa/ t ,i myself "h   
make a sacrifice 9 ! sacram5t1 al?\gh ,i
 h hi!rto cont5d$ t ! mass is no        
sacrifice2 !n y %all answ] ?us3 ,i make 
nei!r ! mass nor ! sacram5t a sacrifice1
 7,i* ma*e w$] ,messe no* ,sacram5t zum 
opf]17 b ! remembrance ( ,*ri/1 ,note   
#af c4 ,"h ! two are di/+ui%$ z cle>ly z
 language c discrim9ate betwe5 two      
sep>ate objects1 & ev5 plac$ 9 anti!sis 
to "o ano!r3 & let x be rememb]$1 t all 
! examples are tak5 f works publi%$ ei!r
 be=e or 9 ! v ye> 9 :i* ! ,augsburg    
,confession 0 writt54 ,a few ye>s lat]1 
9 #aecd1 9 a lett] to a fri5d1 9 :i* he 
inveighs /rongly aga9/ ! closet masses &
 ! p]v]t$ ord] or arrangem5ts ( ! mass1 
7v]kehrte ordnung d] ,messe17 & aga9/ ! 
,romi% mass 9 g5]al3 ,i wi%1 & w\ld v   
gladly see & he>1 t ! two words mass &  
sacram5t 7 consid]$ by e "o z be+ z f>  
ap>t z light & d>kness1 yea1 z ! devil &
 ,god4 ,= !y 7! ,papi/s7 mu/ !mselves   
confess1 t mass dues n signify !        
reception ( ! sacram5t z ,*ri/ in/itut$ 

x2 b ! reception ( ! sacram5t !y d1 7&  
no ?anks to !m17 !y mu/ call communion4 
,b t is call$ ,,mass :i* ! prie/ alone  
p]=ms at ! alt>1 9 :i* no common *ri/ian
 or layman takes "p4 ,all o!r *ri/ians d
 no?+ m ?an receive ! sacram5t1 & d n   
p]=m mass4 ,note #ag ,c]ta9ly x mu/ be  
evid5t t ,lu!r did n reg>d ! ^w mass z !
 ord9>y t]m = eu*>i/1 b _h a cle> idea (
 ! di/9ction1 & ( ! importance ( obs]v+ 
x4  ,,ii4 ,let u n[ adduce simil>       
evid5ce f ! writ+s ( ,melanc?on himself1
 :o wrote ! ,confession1 to %[ t he also
 obs]v$ ! di/9ction betwe5 mass &       
eu*>i/4 ,?is evid5ce w be ! /rong] z all
 8 lett]s quot$1 7 writt5 f ,augsburg   
itself1 dur+ ! v "t t he compos$ !      
,confession1 & :il/ x 0 "u consid]ation 
9 ! ,diet4 ,note #ah  #a4 ,9 a lett] to 
,lu!r1 dat$ ,augsburg1 ,july #cj1 #aecj1
 ,melanc?on says3 ,zw+le has s5t hi!r a 
pr9t$ ,confession4 ,8 views ( ! ,eu*>i/ 
7,ab5dmahl7 he urge /rongly4 ,he wi%es  
all bi%ops to be extirpat$4 ,!n aft]    
speak+ ( human traditions1 he adds3 ,9 !

 matt] ( ! mass1 7n eu*>i/1 :i* he _h j 
m5tion$ be=e17 & 9 ! fir/ discussion    
7,aufsatz1 composition7 ( ! doctr9al    
articles ,i ?9k ,i 0 cautions en\gh1 b  
on ! topics conc]n+ unwritt5 traditions1
 ,i 0 nev] rightly satisfi$ ) myself4   
,note #ai  #b4 ,9 ano!r lett] to ,lu!r1 
( ,augu/ #f?1 he says3 ,at la/1 on ,aug4
 #c;d1 we he>d ! 7,romi%7 ,refutation 7(
 ! ,augsburg ,confession71 & also !     
decl>ation ( ! emp]or4 ,8 decl>ation 0  
t]rible en\gh1 b ! ,refutation 0 compos$
 9 su* a pu]ile mann]1 t we c\ld n b    
he>tily congratulate ea* o!r4 ,!re is n 
a s+le composition ( ,fab]1 7! p5sman ( 
! ,refutation17 h[ev] silly x may be1 t 
is n exce$$ 9 sill9ess by ?is4 ,on !    
doctr9e conc]n ! two k9ds1 79 !         
,eu*>i/17 he adduc$ ! hi/ory ( ! sons ( 
,eli1 :o desir$ bread to eat2 & wi%$ to 
prove by x1 t x becomes laym5 to be     
satisfi$ ) ! m]e bread 9 ! ,eu*>i/4 ,8  
def5ce ( ! ,mass 0 v fro/y4 ,note #bj   
,"h we f9d ! eu*>i/ & ! mass spok5 ( z  
sep>ate ?+s1 & ! discussion ( ! "o      

repres5t$ z silly1 & t ( ! o!r fro/y4   
#c4 ,9 a lett] to ,lu!r1 dat$ ,augu/    
#bb;d1 he ?us writes3 ,ye/]day we clos$ 
! discussion1 or r ! qu>rel 7,geza5k7   
:i* has be5 conduct$ be=e ! umpires4 ,! 
?ird po9t 0 ! "q ( m]it1 c4 ,!n he came 
to ! two k9ds 79 ! eu*>i/74 ,"h he ex]t$
 himself to ! utmo/ to prove t bo? k9ds 
are n comm&$4 ,he ma9ta9$ t x 0 a matt] 
( indiff]5ce :e!r "o or bo? k9ds are    
receiv$1 & & sic t if we w\ld tea* ?is1 
he w\ld *e]fully all[ u bo? k9ds4 ,?is  
,i c\ld n acc$e to2 nev]!less1 ,i excus$
 ^? :o _h hi!rto errone\sly receiv$ b "o
 k9d2 = !y cri$ out1 ! :ole *ur* is     
condemn$ by u4 ,:at ?9k y ( ?is8 ,!     
comm& ( ,jesus ref]s to m9i/]s & laym54 
,h5ce if x is our duty to receive !     
sacram5t1 we are also obligat$ to reta9 
! =m ( ! entire sacram5t4 ,if y also are
 ( ?is op9ion1 !n in=m me ( x di/9ctly4 
,on ! subject ( ! mass1 v[s & m>riage1  
!re 0 no discussions1 only "s conditions
 7 propos$1 :i* we1 h[ev]1 did n accept4
 ,note #ba ,"h aga91 ! di/9ction betwe5 

! sacram5t & ! mass is cle>ly made1 & we
 are told t at ! disputation be=e !     
umpires1 ! =m] 0 debat$ & ! latt] n4 ,c 
any?+ be pla9]1 ?an t a di/9ction is "h 
made betwe5 eu*>i/ & mass8  #d4 ,"u date
 ( ,augu/ #bh1 ,melanc?on ?us writes to 
,lu!r3 ,!y 7! ,papi/s17 wi% u to admit1 
t nei!r ^? :o adm9i/] b "o k9d1 nor ^?  
:o receive x1 are guilty ( s94 ,we h1   
inde$1 exon]at$ ^? f blame1 :o receive b
 "o k9d2 b z to ^? :o adm9i/] b "o1--!re
 is ! knot4 ,! ,synod ( ,basil conc$$ ! 
:ole sacram5t to ! ,bohemians1 on       
condition t !y w\ld ackn[l$ge t x may1 )
 propriety1 be tak5 & receiv$ 9 "o k9d  
only4 ,?is confession !y also wi% to    
extort f u4 ,eckius says he cont5ds =   
?is po9t1 m]ely because ! p _c be reta9$
 9 ! dis*>ge ( duty1 unless we also     
release _! consci5ces 9 reg>d to !      
sacram5t 7t is1 unless ! re=m]s w\ld    
admit1 t its reception 9 "o k9d 0 also  
all[able74 ,we !re=e desire to "k y\r   
judgm5t on ! case4 ,z to ! application (
 masses1 !y are will+ to po/pone ?is    

till ! meet+ ( ! synod 7or c\ncil72 &   
?us !y intimate1 t !y w n oppress u ) ! 
reception ( _! ungodly views on ! mass  
7,koe!'s edition3 mit d] gottlos5       
,application d] ,messe1 ) ! ungodly     
application ( ! mass1 i4e4 to ! liv+ &  
dead74 ,& yet !y desire u to receive !  
canon ( ! mass1 7i4e4 ! mo/             
objectionable "p ( ! ritual ( ! mass1   
relat+ to ! transub/antiation ( ! bread 
& w9e1 its application to o!rs1 c417 b )
 a conv5i5t & dev\t explanation4 ,note  
#bb ,"h aga91 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! mass 
& ! sacram5t is cle>ly se54  #e4 ,on    
,sept4 #d?1 he aga9 writes to ,lu!r3 ,i 
"k t ?is long sil5ce mu/ be v annoy+ to 
y1 especially at ?is "t1 :5 we ought to 
consult "o ano!r mo/ frequ5tly2 b       
believe me1 no?+ is s mu* oppos$ to my  
wi%es 9 ! c\rt1 z ?is indiff]5ce 9      
dispat*+ m frequ5t mess5g]s to y1 & yet 
,i am unable to induce !m to d x4 ,we h 
n yet receiv$ f our oppon5ts ! propos$  
conditions 9 ref]5ce to ! two k9ds 79 ! 
eu*>i/71 m>riage & ! mass4 ,note #bc ,"h

 aga91 :o does n see ! di/9ction8  #f4  
,9 a docum5t1 :i* ,melanc?on prep>$ = a 
fri5d ( ! *ancellor ( ! bi%op (         
,luetti*1 9 :i* he /ates h[ f> !y       
yield$1 & also ! po9ts 9 :i* !y c\ld n  
agree1 we f9d ! foll[+3 ,( ! two        
k9ds4--,"h we excus$ ^? 7! laity17 :o   
receive "o k9d alone 7t is1 m]ely !     
bread 9 ! eu*>i/71 = z !y d n di/ribute 
! sacram5ts1 !y h to receive ! sacram5t 
z x is giv5 to !m4 ,note #bd ,( !       
mass4--,9 reg>d to ! mass we h already  
giv5 our reply3 namely1 t our p>ty reta9
 ! sub/antials 7sub/antalia17 & pr9cipal
 p>ts ( ! mass1 s f> z ! consecration is
 conc]n$1 c4 ,note #be ,! mass is n a "w
 :i*1 :5 appli$ to o!rs1 m]its grace =  
!m ex op]e op]ato2 b accord+ to !       
confession ( ! :ole *ur*1 ! ,"l's ,supp]
 is ! sacram5t1 ?r\gh :i* grace is (f]$ 
to him t receives x1 :i* grace he also  
really receives1 b n by ! m ext]nal act1
 b ?r\gh fai?1 :5 he is c]ta9 t1 9 x41  
grace & p>don ( s9s are (f]$4 ,note #bf 
,,iii4 ,we w add a few %ort extracts f  

o!r re=m]s1 writt5 at ! "t ( ! ,diet1 to
 confirm our position t !y also made a  
di/9ction betwe5 ! mass & ! eu*>i/1 & t 
by ! =m] !y meant t p]=mance ( ! prie/  
alone at ! alt>1 :i* prec$$ ! communion4
  #a4 ,aurifab]1 :o 0 a p>ticul> p]sonal
 fri5d ( ,lu!r1 & 0 pres5t at 8 dea?4 ,9
 8 acc\nt ( ! incid5ts ( ,lu!r & 8      
doctr9es 9 ! ye> #aecj1 speak+ ( !      
special committee :i* 0 appo9t$ on !    
#af? ( ,augu/1 consi/+ ( sev5 memb]s on 
ea* side1 he rem>ks3 ,note #bg ,^!      
assembl$ & took into consid]ation !     
,augsburg ,confession ( ! ,prote/ant    
,/ates1 delib]at+ on "o article aft]    
ano!r1 & ! fir/ day agre$ ^u elev5      
articles4 ,! second day !y cont9u$ _!   
negotiations & agre$ toll sic to        
tw5ty-"o articles4 ,b on ! articles     
conc]n+ ! mass1 m>riage ( prie/s1 !     
,"l's ,supp]1 mona/ic v[s & !           
jurisdiction ( ! bi%ops1 c41 !y c\ld n  
agree & rema9$ at v>iance4 ,"h ! mass & 
! ,"l's ,supp] are di/9ctly class$ z    
diff]5t topics4  #b4 ,spalat91 "o ( !   

!ologians :o att5d$ ! ,elector to       
,augsburg1 9 8 n>rative ( :at occurr$   
dur+ ! diet1 giv+ a brief ab/ract ( !   
cont5ts ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1      
epitomises !1 ,x? ,article ?us3 ,( !    
,holy ,sacram5t ( ! true body & blood ( 
,*ri/ 9 ! ,sacram5t ( ! alt>2 & ! ,,xxiv
 ,article1 ( ! ,mass1 h[ x is celebrat$ 
among/ u1 & ! reason :y closet masses h 
be5 reject$ by u4 ,"h aga91 :o does n   
see t ! two are repres5t$ z di/9ct8     
,,iv4 ,we %all close ?is cumulative mass
 ( evid5ce = ! di/9ction betwe5 ! t]ms  
mass & eu*>i/ or ,"l's supp]1 at ! "t ( 
! diet ( ,augsburg1 by an extract f !   
pr(ess$ refutation ( ! ,augsburg        
,confession1 prep>$ by ! papi/s dur+ !  
diet2 f :i* x w be evid5t1 n only t !y  
make ?is di/9ction !mselves1 :i* no "o  
d5ies1 b t !y und]/ood ! ,augsburg      
,condition z mak+ x also4  ,9 _! reply  
to ,article ,,xxiv4 ( ! ,confession1 7or
 ! ,,iii4 ( ! ,abuses ,correct$7 !y     
/ate3 ,= ! mass is celebrat$1 9 ord] t !
 holy eu*>i/ may be (f]$ 9 memory ( !   

passion ( ,*ri/4 ,note #bh ,9 ^? *ur*es1
 7:i* apo/atize 9 ! latt] times7 no m   
masses w be celebrat$1 no m sacram5t    
di/ribut$1 no m alt>s1 nor images ( !   
sa9ts1 c4 ,note #bi ,f9ally1 ne> ! close
 ( _! pret5d$ refutation ( ?is ,article 
( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 7,,xxiv47 !  
papi/ ,refutation says1 ,x is !re=e n   
reject$ or reg>d$ z wrong t !           
7,prote/ant7 ,pr9ces & cities 7accord+  
to _! ,confession1 ,article ,,xxiv417   
celebrate "o common 7public7 mass 9 _!  
*ur*es2 if !y only p]=m$ x prop]ly1     
accord+ to ! holy rule & canonical      
regulations1 z all ,ca?olics p]=m x4 ,b 
t !y 7! ,prote/ants1 9 _! ,confession7  
reject all o!r masses1 c nei!r be       
tol]at$ nor suff]$ by ! *ri/ian fai? &  
,ca?olic pr(ession1 7t is1 _c be all[$  
by u1 :o pr(ess ! ,roman ,ca?olic fai?47
 ,note #cj  ,"h !n1 9 view ( all ?is    
mass ( evid5ce1 we appeal to e c&id &   
consci5ti\s read]1 :e!r x is n          
impossible1 fairly1 to resi/ !          
conviction1 t ! ,re=m]s did1 at & be=e !

 diet at ,augsburg 9 #aecj1 ord9>ily    
obs]ve ! di/9ction to :i* !y _h be5     
tra9$ 9 ! ,romi% *ur*1 betwe5 ! words   
mass & eu*>i/1 or ,"l's supp]1 s t 9 all
 cases :]e precision 0 necess>y1 &      
especially :]e bo? 7 spok5 (1 ea* 0     
call$ by its appropriate "n8 ,we say    
ord9>ily1 because we freely admit t     
sometimes !y did use ! ^w mass 9 a m    
g5]al s5se1 z a "p = ! :ole1 to include 
bo? ! eu*>i/ & ! mass prop]1 j z we n[  
use ! t]m prea*+ = ! :ole ( ! public    
s]vice1 9 ! inquiry1 ,w y g to prea*+ to
 day8 :il/ 9 its prop] mean+1 prea*+ has
 ref]5ce only to ! s]mon4 ,our *a9 (    
argum5t is !re=e n complete until we add
 ano!r l9k1 & prove t ! ,re=m]s employ$ 
! ^w mass 9 its specific & prop]        
signification1 9 ! disput$ passages ( ! 
,augsburg ,confession1 z !y did 9 !     
num]\s passages above cit$1 & z !       
,papi/s !mselves und]/ood !m to d4      
,second ,inquiry4  ,let u n[1 9 ! second
 place1 inquire1 ,:e!r ! ,re=m]s employ$
 ! ^w mass 9 its prop] & specific mean+ 

9 ! disput$ passages ( ! ,augsburg      
,confession4  ,! affirmative ( ?is "q   
is1 we ?9k1 c]ta91 f a v>iety (         
evid5ces4  #a4 ,because we f9d two      
diff]5t articles ( ! ,confession1 ! "o )
 mass 7,messe7 = its caption1 & ! o!r   
head$3 ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,supp] 7vom      
,heilig5 ,ab5dmahl47 ,n[1 if mass "h    
signifi$ ,holy ,supp]1 ! probability is 
t "o or ! o!r t]m w\ld h be5 us$ 9 bo?  
places4 ,! design ( captions prefix$ to 
a *apt] or article1 is to indicate !    
g5]al cont5ts ( su* article2 & a        
div]sity ( caption or title1 naturally  
raises ! presumption t diff]5t subjects 
are discuss$4 ,! mo/ natural me?od (    
decid+ ?is "q conc]n+ ! mean+ ( !       
caption1 is to inquire :at1 are !       
subjects discuss$ 9 ea* article4 ,if !  
subjects discuss$ 9 bo? articles are !  
same1 !n ! captions are or ought to be  
synonym\s1 & z ! ,"l's ,supp] nev]      
signifies mass 9 its specific s5se1 x   
foll[s t mass w\ld h to mean ,"l's      
,supp]4 ,b if diff]5t subjects are      

treat$ ( 9 ! two articles1 !n !         
captions1 if appropriate1 mu/ mean      
diff]5t ?+s4 ,n[1 x w n be d5i$1 t :il/ 
! ,article ,x41 head$ ,"l's ,supp]1     
discusses matt] specifically relat+ to !
 eu*>i/1 7namely ! real pres5ce ( ! body
 & blood ( ! ,savi\r 9 ! ,holy ,supp]27 
! ,article ,,xxiv41 head$ ! ,mass1      
actually discusses :at is specifically  
t]m$ ! mass1 namely1 ! c]emony & acts ( 
! prie/ or m9i/] prec$+ ! ,"l's ,supp]4 
,?us1 ! article /ates1 ,no p]ceptible   
*ange 0 made 9 ! public c]emonies ( !   
mass1 except ! addition ( ,g]man hymns  
along ) ! ,lat92 b x is well kn[n t !re 
are no o!r public c]emonies connect$ ) !
 ,"l's ,supp] 9 ! ,romi% *ur*1 except ^?
 embrac$ 9 ! mass1 specifically s call$1
 & t ! ,lat9 hymns 7 "p ( ?is mass1     
,masses are b\ght & sold at annual      
fairs1 & ! great] "p ( !m 7! masses7 9  
all ! *ur*es1 7 sold = money2 b we h    
nev] he>d t ,romani/s _h to pay =       
receiv+ ! communion1 x is only = a c]ta9
 p]=mance ( ! prie/1 call$ mass1 t !y   

pay ! prie/4 ,^! money masses & closet  
masses1 are condemn$2 :il/ no objection 
is made to public mass1 at :i* !        
sacram5t is adm9i/]$2 on ! contr>y1 x is
 /at$1 t by prop] in/ruction1 ! p are   
attract$ to communion & ! mass4 ,! "q is
 ref]r$ to :e!r a mass p]=m$ = a numb] (
 p]sons collectively1 0 z efficaci\s z a
 sep>ate mass = ea* individual2 b :o ev]
 he>d ( *ri/ians receiv+ "o ,"l's ,supp]
 collectively1 = a numb] ( o!r p]sons1  
or = an individual8 ,& if ! ?+ is done  
by ! prie/1 !n x is :at is specifically 
call$ mass4 ,s also1 :o ev] he>d ( !    
,"l's ,supp] be+ receiv$ = ! dead2 b x  
is v common = ! prie/ to say mass = !   
dead4 ,?us1 might we add additional     
s5t5ces f ?is ,article ,,xxiv41 :i*     
appli$ to ! ,"l's ,supp]1 make no s5se1 
b are appropriately & hi/orically true (
 ! mass 9 its specific s5se4 ,s9ce !n   
almo/ ! :ole article treats ( ! mass    
prop]1 does n common s5se1 z well z !   
legitimate pr9ciples ( int]pretation1   
require u s to int]pret ! ^w mass 9 !   

caption & passages cit$ f ?is article8  
,! same reason w\ld apply to a comp>ison
 ( ! caption ( ,article ,,xxii41 or ,i1 
( ! ,abuses ,correct$1 namely1 ,(       
,communion 9 bo? k9ds1 comp>$ ) ! ^w    
mass2 b we deem x unnecess>y4  #b4 ,t ! 
^w mass is "h us$ 9 its appropriate     
s5se1 is evid5t1 because ,melanc?on     
himself1 9 translat+ ! ,lat9 orig9al    
into ,g]man1 always r5d]s ! ,lat9 t]m = 
mass 7missa7 by ! ,g]man t]m messe      
7mass72 :]eas if he _h us$ ! ,lat9 t]m 9
 its m g5]al s5se 9 ,article ,,xxiv41 he
 w\ld at lea/ sometimes h translat$ x   
eu*>i/1 or ,"l's ,supp]4 ,b s f> z we h 
exam9$1 ! ^w mass 7messe7 is always     
employ$ 9 ?is article1 :]e ! ,g]man is a
 translation ( ! ,lat94 ,9 "o case at   
lea/ we h f\nd ! ,g]man & ,lat9         
,confessions pursue diff]5t tra9s (     
?\ght2 s t ?\gh mass is f\nd 9 ! "o1    
no?+ correspond+ is conta9$ 9 ! o!r4 ,! 
same may be affirm$ ( all translations  
into ,engli% t we h se51 :e!r made 9 ?is
 c\ntry or 9 ,great ,brita94 ,no        

translator1 s f> z our k ext5ds1 has    
v5tur$ to r5d] missa or  messe1 by ,"l's
 ,supp] or eu*>i/2 b by ! appropriate   
t]m mass2 because !y all felt t !       
context & scope ( ! ,article dem&$ x4   
#c4 ,ano!r pro( 9 ,article ,,xxiv4      
itself1 t ! ^w mass is us$ to designate 
t c]emonial1 :i* prec$$ ! di/ribution ( 
! sacram5t1 is f\nd 9 ! fact t bo? ! ^w 
mass & sacram5t are us$ toge!r1 ) !     
copulative conjunction ,,& connect+ !m4 
a4 ,?us1 ne> ! comm5cem5t ( ! article1  
we read3 ,our p are in/ruct$ repeat$ly1 
& ) ! utmo/ dilig5ce1 conc]n+ ! design &
 prop] mode ( receiv+ ! holy sacram5t2  
namely1 to com=t al>m$ consci5ces2 by   
:i* means ! p are attract$ to !         
communion ,,& ! mass1 ,note #ca 7dadur* 
das volk zur communion und ,mess gezog5 
wird47 ,! ,lat9 copy "h has a diff]5t   
tra9 ( rem>ks4  b4 ,aga91 ! foll[+      
passage ne> ! close ( ! ,article3 ,!    
anci5t canons also %[ t "o ( ! prie/s   
p]=m$ ! mass1 & adm9i/]$ ! communion to 
! o!r prie/s & deacons4 ,note #cb 7,au* 

zeig5 die alt5 canones an1 dasz e9] das 
,amt gehalt5 hat ,,und die &]n ,prie/]  
und ,diakon communicirt47 c4 ,also !    
passage prec$+ ?is3 ,our cu/om is1 t on 
holy days1 & also at o!r times1 if      
communicants are pres5t1 we hold mass   
,,& admit to communion su* z desire x4  
7,s wird diese ,weise bei uns gehalt51  
dasz man an ,fei]tag51 au* son/ s       
communicant5 da s9d1 mess haelt1 und    
etli*e s das begehr51 communici]t4      
,s]vatur apud nos una communis missa    
s+ulis f]iis1 atque aliis etiam diebus1 
si qui sacram5to vel9t uti1 ubi         
porrigitur sacram5tum 8 qui petunt47    
,"h1 !n1 we f9d ?ree passages 9 ?is v   
,article itself1 9 :i* ! mass is        
di/+ui%$ f ! di/ribution ( ! supp]1 & ! 
two ?+s are connect$ by &1 necess>ily   
imply+ _! div]sity4  #d4 ,t ! words sic 
mass is us$ 9 its appropriate specific  
s5se 9 ?is ,article1 & n z synonym\s )  
,"l's ,supp]1 or eu*>i/1 z ! ,plea = !  
,augsburg ,confession ,note #cc ass]ts1 
is prov$ by ! fact1 t if y sub/itute    

ei!r ( ^! words = x1 _m passages 9 !    
,article w n make s5se4 ,we w pres5t a  
few specim5s1 :i* may be multipli$ by   
any "o :o w take ,article ,,xxiv4 ( !   
,confession & read x1 sub/itut+ ei!r    
,"l's ,supp] or eu*>i/ 9 place ( ! ^w   
mass4  ,by :i* means ! p are attract$ to
 ! communion & ! eu*>i/1 7! mass27 :i*  
is equival5t to say+1 !y 7 attract$ to !
 eu*>i/ & ! eu*>i/4  ,an annual fair 0  
made1 at :i* eu*>i/s 7masses7 7 b\ght & 
sold4 ,?is w\ld be hi/orically untrue4  
,& ! great] "p ( !m 7! eu*>i/s7 9 all ! 
*ur*es1 7 p]=m$ = money4 ,to ?is ! same 
rem>k applies4  ,^! money-eu*>i/s &     
closet eu*>i/s 7masses17 h ceas$ 9 our  
*ur*es3 b ! eu*>i/ c]ta9ly _h n ceas$4  
,h5ce also arose ! controv]sy1 :e!r a   
eu*>i/ 7mass7 p]=m$ = 7n by7 a numb] (  
p]sons collectively1 0 z efficaci\s z a 
sep>ate eu*>i/ = ea* individual4 ,?is "q
 applies only to ! mass prop]1 & 0 nev] 
moot$ ab\t ! eu*>i/4  ,! anci5t canons  
also %[1 t "o ( ! prie/s p]=m$ or       
celebrat$ 7halt51 celebr>e7 eu*>i/1 &   

adm9i/]$ ! communion to ! o!r prie/s &  
deacons4 ,note #cd ,?is specim51 l !    
fir/1 w\ld be purely tautological4  #e4 
,t ! ^w mass is us$ 9 ,article ,,xxiv41 
di/9ctively = ! mass1 is evid5t f ! fact
 t ! ,romani/s s und]/ood x1 & 9 _!     
answ] to ! ,confession attempt to refute
 ! ,prote/ant rejection n ( ! ,"l's     
,supp]1 b ( ! private masses1 ! closet  
masses1 & ! sacrificial & vic>i\s nature
 ( ! mass 9 g5]al :il/ !y applaud !     
ret5tion ( public mass by ! ,re=m]s1 if 
!y w\ld only celebrate x accord+ to     
canonical regulations4 ,we w cite a s+le
 passage1 out ( _m t might be adduc$3-- 
,x1 is !re=e n reject$1 nor reg>d$ z    
wrong1 t ! 7,prote/ant7 pr9ces & cities 
7accord+ to ,article ,,xxiv4 ( _!       
,confession1 on :i* !y are comm5t+17    
celebrate "o common 7or public7 mass 9  
_! *ur*es2 if !y only p]=m$ x prop]ly1  
accord+ to ! holy rule & canonical      
regulations1 z all ,ca?olics p]=m x4 ,b 
t !y 7! ,prote/ants7 reject all o!r     
masses1 c nei!r be tol]at$ nor suff]$ by

 ! ,*ri/ian fai? & ,ca?olic pr(ession2  
7t is1 _c be all[$ by u :o pr(ess !     
,roman ,ca?olic religion4 ,note #ce7 ,z 
?is ,romi% ,refutation is r>ely met )1  
we add ! exact orig9al3 ,wird demna*    
ni*t v]worf5 no* fu] unre*t erkannt1    
dasz die ,fu]/5 und ,/a$t halt5 e9      
geme9e ,mess 9 d] ,kir*51 wann sie sol*e
 nur ord5tli* und ri*tig na* d] heilig5 
,ri*ts*nur und canonis*5 ,regel hielt5  
und ?aet51 we es alle ,ca?olis*5 halt53 
,dieweil sie ab] alle &]e ,mess5        
abs*aff51 das kann d] ,*ri/li* glaub und
 ,ca?olis*e ,pr(ession und ,beka5tnisz  
w$] duld5 no* leid54  #f4 ,! same fact  
is confirm$ /ill fur!r by ! ,apology to 
! ,augsburg ,confession1 writt5 by      
,melanc?on1 9 reply to ! ,romi%         
,refutation1 f :i* we h j pres5t$ an    
extract4 ,f ?is x is evid5t t ! ,papi/s 
_h correctly und]/ood ! ,augsburg       
,confession z speak+ ( ! mass prop]ly s 
call$2 & t we h !re=e also n misund]/ood
 or misrepres5t$ x4 ,speak+ ( ! v "p ( !
 ,refutation f :i* ! above passage is   

cit$1 ,melanc?on says3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 
we mu/ /ate1 by way ( introduction1 t we
 d n aboli% ! mass4 ,= on e ,sunday &   
,fe/ival1 masses1 7,mess57 7n ,"l's     
,supp]s7 are held 9 our *ur*es1 at :i* !
 sacram5t is adm9i/]$ to ^? :o desire x4
 ,"h evid5tly mass & ! sacram5t are two 
?+s4  ,our oppon5ts make a great talk   
7ges*waetz7 ab\t ! ,lat9 mass1 t is ab\t
 ! ,mass :i*1 z is well kn[n1 0 & is    
read 9 ,lat92 b c]ta9ly !y did n talk   
ab\t ! ,lat9 ,"l's ,supp]4  ,b :]e d we 
f9d ! ,ph>isaic1 doctr9e writt51 t !    
he>+ ( ! mass )\t und]/&+ x1 is1 ex op]e
 op]ato1 m]itori\s & sav+8 ,! t]m he>+  
evid5tly ref]s to ! mass1 :i* 0 read2 b 
:at s5se w\ld !re be 9 ! phrase he>+ !  
,"l's ,supp]8  ,t we d n celebrate      
private masses1 b only a public mass    
7e9e oeff5tli*e ,messe17 :5 ! p also    
commune1 is n at all contr>y to ! common
 7or g5]al7 ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,"h ! private
 masses are di/+ui%$ f ! public mass1 & 
! fact affirm$1 z cle>ly z language c   
convey ! idea1 t ! ,re=m]s did reta9 &  

practice ,,public mass on sacram5tal    
occasions4 ,note #cf  ,we might easily  
adduce a numb] ( o!r passages f ?is     
book1 b really x seems to be a "w (     
sup]]ogation4  ,to ?is decid$ decl>ation
 ( ,melanc?on1 we might add 8 ass]tions 
on o!r occasions4 ,let a s+le "o        
suffice4 ,9 8 lett] to ,m>grave ,george1
 ( ,br&5burg1 on ! private mass1 he uses
 ?is language3 ,f9ally1 z y\r excell5ce 
wi%es to "k :at we reta9 9 our *ur*es ( 
! c]emonies ( ! mass1 ,i w\ld in=m y\r  
excell5ce1 t ! mass is entirely aboli%$1
 except :5 are p]sons pres5t :o wi% to  
receive ! ,"l's ,supp]2 ,note #cg t is1 
we h entirely aboli%$ private masses2 at
 :i*1 z x is well kn[n1 no "o commun$ b 
! prie/ himself1 b reta9 ! public mass  
at communion seasons4  ,f9ally1 to make 
assurance d\bly sure1 we w add a simil> 
te/imony f ,lu!r himself1 9 a lett] (   
,c\nsel to ,laz>us ,sp5gl]1 9 #aebh3 ,9 
! fir/ place1 let all masses be         
absolutely disp5s$ ) at :i* !re are no  
communicants pres5t2 z !y prop]ly ought 

to be set aside4 ,secondly1 t 9 ! two   
p>i% *ur*es 7namely1 9 ,nu]5b]g1 :]e    
,spongi] resid$17 "o or two masses %\ld 
be held on ,sabba? & holy days1 accord+ 
z !re may be _m or few communicants4    
,note #ch  ,n[1 9 ?is passage1 ! ^w mass
 ei!r means ,"l's ,supp] 9 g5]al or mass
 9 p>ticul>4 ,x does n mean ! =m]1      
because x 0 some?+ :i* ,lu!r says _h be5
 p]=m$ )\t any communicants be+ pres5t1 
b %\ld n be p]=m$ h]eaft]1 unless !re 7 
communicants4 ,aga91 he says1 t on      
,sabba? or holy days1 :5 !re are        
communicants pres5t1 ?is mass1 :i* f its
 nature c\ld be & _h be5 p]=m$ )\t      
communicants1 %\ld be p]=m$ once or     
twice4 ,b :at s5se is !re 9 t]m+ t !    
adm9i/ration ( ! ,"l's ,supp] at :i* !re
 are no communicants4 ,or 9 talk+ ab\t  
adm9i/]+ "o or two ,"l's ,supp]s1 z !   
numb] ( communicants might be l>ge or   
small8 ,= ourselves1 x is impossible to 
d\bt1 t ! mass prop] is "h int5d$1 :i* 0
 (t5 celebrat$ by ! m9i/] alone1 & :i*1 
at communion seasons1 0 ! usual         

prep>ation = ! communion4  ,& n[1 :at is
 ! result ( our inquiry8  ,we premis$1 z
 conc$$ by all1 t z ! ^w mass among !   
,romani/s does n[1 s x did at ! "t ( ! !
 sic ,re=mation1 & sev]al c5turies be=e1
 specifically signify a c]ta9 s]vice (  
ab\t an h\r's l5g?1 consi/+ ( a         
commixture ( ,scripture passages1 long &
 %ort pray]s1 invocations1 extracts f ! 
gospels & epi/les1 liturgic =ms1 ! =ms (
 consecration ( ! elem5ts &             
transub/antiation ( !m into ! ,savi\r's 
body & blood1 ) num]\s cross+s1         
g5uflexions1 ! elevation ( ! ho/ &      
especially ! self-communion ( ! prie/1 z
 an (f]+ ( ! body ( ,*ri/ a bloodless   
sacrifice = ! s9s ( ! liv+ or dead2 all 
( :i* 0 read & done by ! prie/ himself  
be=e ! alt>2 & :i* prec$$ ! sacram5tal  
communion ( ! congregation1 & 0 ! only  
prep>ation = ! communion4  ,we also     
admitt$1 t !n1 z n[1 ! ^w mass 0        
sometimes us$ by ! ,romani/s = !        
sacram5tal celebration 9 g5]al1 includ+ 
! mass prop]4  ,?irdly1 we assum$ z     

und5i$1 t ! ,re=m]s1 hav+ be5 born &    
educat$ 9 ! ,romi% religion till _!     
majority1 7 accu/om$ to ?is two-fold use
 ( ! t]m mass4  ,we !n ass]t$ t !       
,re=m]s cont9u$ ! tw(old use ( ! t]m1 & 
z its occasional use = ! eu*>i/ 9 g5]al 
is n disput$1 we especially prov$ t !y  
cont9u$ to obs]ve ! di/9ction & to      
employ x 9 its specific s5se1 :5ev] !   
mass prop] 0 spok5 (4  ,we prov$ f v>i\s
 lett]s & o!r docum5ts ( ,lu!r1 writt5 9
 ! ye> ( ! ,diet1 t he makes ! di/9ction
 & uses ! t]m mass = ! above describ$   
mass prop]4  ,we prov$ f v>i\s lett]s & 
o!r articles ( ,melanc?on1 writt5 dur+ !
 session ( ! ,diet1 t he employ$ x 9 ?is
 specific s5se4  ,we prov$ t ! o!r      
,re=m]s us$ ! ^w 9 ?is specific s5se1   
su* z ,aurifab]1 & ,spalat94 ,& f9ally3 
,we prov$ t ! ,romani/s us$ x 9 ?is s5se
 at ! ,diet1 9 _! pret5d$ ,refutation ( 
! ,augsburg ,confession4  ,!re be+ no   
possible d\bt ( ! ,re=m]s us+ ! ^w mass 
to mean ! specific mass1 9 _! o!r writ+s
 at t "t2 !1 only rema9+ "q 01 :e!r     

,melanc?on s us$ x 9 ! disput$ passages 
( ! ,article ,,xxiv4 ( ! ,augsburg      
,confession4  ,t he did "h employ x1 9  
?is specific s5se1 we prov$ by ! foll[+ 
facts3 ,because he made two diff]5t     
captions or head+s = two diff]5t        
articles1 & 9 ! "o head$ ,( ! ,"l's     
,supp]1 he discusses t subject1 & 9 !   
o!r head$ ,! ,mass1 he discusses :at is 
specifically t]m$ mass4  ,we prov$1 t   
,melanc?on & all o!r translators f !    
,lat9 or ,g]man copy1 h translat$ ^!    
passages1 messa1 & mass1 & n ,ab5dmahl1 
or ,"l's ,supp]1 or ,eu*>i/4  ,we h     
prov$1 t 9 ?is v ,article ,,xxiv41 !    
mass & sacram5t are spok5 ( 9 ! same    
s5t5ce z diff]5t ?+s1 be+ connect$      
toge!r by ! ^w &4  ,we h prov$1 t if we 
sub/itute ! ,"l's ,supp] in/ead ( mass 9
 ?is ,article1 _m ( ! passages w make   
nons5se4  ,we h prov$1 t ! ,romani/s    
!mselves 9 _! ,refutation ( ! ,augsburg 
,confession1 und]/ood ?is ,article      
,,xxiv4 z speak+ ( ! ,mass prop]1 &     
c5sur$ x = reject+ private masses1 :il/ 

x approv$ ( x = reta9+ public masses4   
,f9ally1 we h prov$1 t ,melanc?on1 9    
reply+ to ?is ,romi% ,refutation1 does n
 *>ge !m ) hav+ misund]/ood ! ,,xxiv4   
,article2 b goes on to refute _!        
argum5ts1 imply+ t !y _h und]/ood him   
correctly4  ,9 view ( all ^! facts x is 
impossible = u to d\bt1 t ! ^w mass 9 ! 
object$ passages ( ! ,article ,,xxiv41  
signifies ! mass 9 its specific s5se1 & 
n ! ,"l's ,supp] 9 g5]al3 & t :5 !      
,re=m]s affirm 9 _! ,confession1 t !y   
are unju/ly *>g$ ) hav+ aboli%$ ! mass  
!y meant t !y reta9$ ! mass on          
sacram5tal occasions1 ) ! limitations & 
alt]$ explanations ( ! nature &         
application ( x1 specifi$ 9 diff]5t p>ts
 ( ! ,confession2 :il/ !y freely        
admitt$1 t !y _h reject$ private &      
closet1 masses1 & inde$ all masses1     
except on occasions :5 ! sacram5t 0     
adm9i/]$ to ! p4 ,:at ! ,romani/s       
consid]$ z ! ess5tial doctr9e ( ! mass1 
viz41 its be+ a sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 (f]$ 
by ! prie/1 & its be+ (f]$ by him = o!rs

 ?an himself1 ei!r liv+ or dead1 & its  
be+ p]=m$ at any o!r "t1 or = any o!r   
purpose ?an z a prep>ative = ,sacram5tal
 ,communion1 ! ,confession rejects1 b ! 
outw>d rite itself1 on public sacram5tal
 occasions1 x pr(esses to reta93 & ?is  
be+ ! only *>ge made 9 ! ,plat=m on ?is 
subject1 we appeal to e c&id read] to   
decide1 :e!r x has n be5 fully e/abli%$4
  ,:e!r ,melanc?on & ! pr9ces _h yield$ 
m 9 ?is ,confession ?an ,lu!r approv$1 &
 :e!r any ( ! alt]ations confess$ly made
 9 ! ,confession aft] ,lu!r _h approv$  
x1 relat$ to ?is ,article1 is q a       
diff]5t "q1 & _c affect ! mean+ ( !     
,article itself4  ,x is n improbable t  
su* 0 ! case2 b ev5 ! ritual1 :i* ,lu!r 
prep>$ 9 #aebc1 conta9$ ! great] "p ( ! 
,romi% mass1 su* z ! ,introitus1 !      
,kyrie ,eleison1 ! ,collecta1 or pray] &
 epi/les1 ,s++ ( ! ,gradual1 a ,%ort    
,sequ5s1 ! ,gospel1 ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 & a 
numb] ( o!r matt]s1 n except+ ev5 !     
elevation ( ! ho/1 b n = adoration1 :i* 
latt] he reta9$ till sic till twelve    

ye>s aft] ! ,diet at ,augsburg6 ,yet1   
ev5 at t "t1 he _h reject$ ! great] "p (
 ! mo/ objectionable portions ( ! mass4 
,h5ce1 z ! ,plat=m *>ges ! ,confession  
only ) favor+ ! ,c]emonies ( ! ,mass1 ! 
*>ge is n only su/a9$1 b falls %ort1 (  
:at we h e/abli%$ 9 ! prec$+ pages3 &   
all ! vitup]ation aim$ at u by diff]5t  
individuals1 :o h /udi$ ! subject       
imp]fectly1 or n at all1 we *e]fully    
=give1 consci\s t ! aim ( all we h      
publi%$ on ?is subject has be5 !        
prosp]ity ( ! *ur*1 & assur$ t x w be   
bless$ by ! ,ma/] to ?is glori\s end4   
,ref]5ce to ! au?or's =m] works conta9+ 
repres5tations ( ?is subject4  ,9 view (
 ^! indisputable results ( a c>eful     
inve/igation ( ! orig9al s\rces1 x may n
 be amiss to ca/ a glance at !          
repres5tations ( ?is subject 9 our =m]  
publications dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( a       
c5tury1 z we h frequ5tly be5 *>g$1 n    
inde$ by ! au?or ( ! ,plea1 b by        
sup]ficial writ]s1 ) self-contradiction 
& misrepres5tation4 ,x w\ld inde$ h be5 

9 p]fect unison ) ! habit ( ! be/ au?ors
 ( ,europe & ,am]ica1 to *ange our      
op9ions z we ext5d$ our inve/igations1 &
 freely to pr(ess su* *ange4 ,nor %\ld  
we feel any reluctance 9 foll[+ su*     
di/+ui%$ au?orities1 if we felt t our   
case requir$ x4 ,b 9 rep]us+ our =m]    
/atem5ts1 we _c see t !y diff]1 9 any   
mat]ial po9t1 f ! results ( our late/   
inve/igations above giv54  ,9 ! ,popul> 
,!ology1 7page #djf ( ! sev5? edition17 
fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahcd1 speak+ ( ! article
 ( ! ,augsburg ,confession on ! ,mass1  
we f9d ! foll[+3--,on ?is subject1 7!   
mass17 ! language ( ! ,confession 0 less
 condemnatory1 ?an t :i* !y soon aft]   
employ$4 ,9 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 :i* 7
 publi%$ sev5 ye>s aft] ?is ,confession1
 9 #aecg1 ,lu!r decl>es ! ,papal mass to
 be a mo/ mom5t\s & abom9able           
corruption2 because x militates directly
 & p[]fully aga9/ ! fundam5tal doctr9e1 
7ju/ification by fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/47  
,we !n add sev]al extracts f ! ,augsburg
 ,confession1 %[+ t ! confessors reject$

 ! sacrificial & vic>i\s nature ( !     
mass1 z well z o!r objectionable        
features ( x4 ,n[ "h we f9d ! same two  
positions tak51 :i* ! prec$+ discussions
 ( ?is *apt] h e/abli%$1 namely1 t !    
,confession is less condemnatory ?an !  
lat] ,smalcald ,articles2 t x favors !  
mass m1 & speaks ( x 9 mild] language   
?an 0 employ$ at a subsequ5t p]iod4 ,z  
no "o ( any note at t day pret5d$ to    
urge ! adoption ( ! entire ,augsburg    
,confession1 mu* less ( all ! symbolical
 books1 !re 0 no necessity ( dilat+ on !
 objectionable features ( ! ,confession1
 & we ( c\rse ab/a9 f do+ s4 ,9 ?is     
sil5ce we w\ld h p]sev]$ to ?is day1 _h 
n a new g5]ation ( ,european symboli/s  
s9ce !n s\ght refuge on our %ores1 &    
c>ri$ on aggressive op]ations1          
incessantly assail+ ! ,g5]al ,synod & h]
 memb]s1 & *>g+ !m ) unfai?fulness to   
,confessions :i* !y nev] adopt$1 except 
z to fundam5tals2 ?us compell+ u to     
expose ^! remnants ( ,romi% error :i* !y
 c]ta9ly d conta94  ,:51 we turn to our 

,hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican ,lu!ran ,*ur*1     
publi%$ 9 #aheb1 we f9d on pages #bdj1  
#bda1 ! foll[+ /atem5t3-- ,! mass1 t is1
 ! "n & "s ( ! c]emonies ( ! ,romi%     
mass1 7 reta9$ 9 ! ,augsburg            
,confession2 al?\gh ! errors 9 doctr9e1 
by :i* ! ,romi% mass grew out ( !       
,scripture doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 7  
reject$ 9 t z well z subsequ5t symbols4 
,our *ur*es1 7says ! ,augsburg          
,confession1 ,art4 ,,xxiv47 are unju/ly 
*>g$ ) hav+ reject$ ! mass1 7messe47 ,= 
x is publicly kn[n t ! mass is celebrat$
 among/ u ) great] devotion & e>ne/ness1
 ?an among/ our oppon5ts4 ,nor has !re  
be5 any p]ceptible *ange made 9 ! public
 c]emonies ( ! mass1 except t at sev]al 
places ,g]man hymns are sung along ) !  
,lat9 ones4 ,our cu/om is on holy days  
7& at o!r times also1 if !re be         
communicants7 to say mass1 7n to say a  
,"l's ,supp]17 & ^? :o desire x1 receive
 ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,subsequ5tly1 h[ev]1   
great *anges 7 made 9 ! public c]emonies
 att5dant on ! ,"l's ,supp]1 & ,lu!r 9 8

 ,smalcald ,articles rejects ! mass     
entirely1 bo? ! "n & accompany+         
c]emonies4 ,& soon aft] ! :ole ,lu!ran  
*ur* foll[$ him4 ,/ill1 if ! ,augsburg  
,confession 7 /rictly b9d+ on u1 we %\ld
 be "u ! necessity ( adopt+ on          
sacram5tal occasions all ! public       
c]emonies !n & n[ usual 9 ! ,romi% ,*ur*
 9 celebrat+ public mass4 ,"h aga9 we   
see ! foll[+ po9ts1 :i* 7 cle>ly prov$  
above3 #a4 ,t ! ,augsburg ,confession   
d5ies hav+ reject$ ! mass4 #b4 ,t %e    
does reject ^? doctr9al errors :i* gave 
rise to ! ,romi% mass4 #c4 ,t x 0 _!    
cu/om on public occasions 7:5 p]sons 7  
pres5t :o desir$ to commune7 to say a   
mass1 & !n adm9i/] ! sacram5t to !m4 #d4
 ,t ! ,confession explicitly ass]ts t no
 p]ceptible *ange _h be5 made 9 ! public
 c]emonies ( ! mass1 except !           
introduction ( ,g]man hymns along ) !   
,lat9 ones 9 sev]al places4 ,h5ce !     
inf]5ce w\ld necess>ily foll[1 t if !y  
_h made no p]ceptible *ange 9 ! public  
c]emonies ( ! mass1 we c\ld make none1  

if ! ,confession 0 /rictly b9d+ on u3 & 
z ! c]emonies ( ! ,romi% mass are ! same
 n[ z !n1 ! c]emonies :i* ! ,confession 
prescribes are ! same z ^? n[ obs]v$ 9 !
 *ur*1 & if we obey$ ! ,confession1 we  
%\ld h to p]=m ! same )\t any p]ceptible
 diff]5ce1 except ! addition ( ,g]man   
hymns along ) ! ,lat91 :i* 7 at t "t us$
 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,^!1 ,lu!r =        
sometime himself def5d$1 z x is c]ta9 he
 did ! elevation ( ! ho/1 7b n =        
adoration17 till #aedb1 m ?an tw5ty ye>s
 aft] he comm5c$ ! ,re=mation4 ,^? :o   
object to ^! /atem5ts conf\nd ! tea*+s (
 ! ,confession ) ! subsequ5t practice ( 
,lu!r & ! *ur*es2 yea1 x has appe>$ to  
u1 9 ! c\rse ( our rec5t exam9ations on 
^! subjects1 t ! ,augsburg ,confession 0
 n ev5 up to ! progress ( re=m atta9$ by
 *ur*es at t day1 & ?is may be "o reason
 :y ,lu!r told ,melanc?on he _h yield$  
too mu* to ! ,papi/s 9 ! ,confession4 ,9
 our ,lu!ran ,manual1 we h simply       
pres5t$ ! article ( ! ,confession 9     
full1 9 juxtaposition ) ! ,smalcald     

,article1 treat+ ( ! same subject2 & h  
done s )\t note or comm5t1 except !     
rem>k1 t ! latt] refutes ! tol]ant views
 ( ! mass express$ 9 ! =m]4 ,we c1      
!re=e1 see no inconsi/5cy betwe5 :at we 
h publi%$ on ?is subject at di/ant      
int]vals1 c]ta9ly mu* less ?an might h  
occurr$ to ! mo/ c>eful & consci5ti\s   
writ]1 on a subject s closely connect$ )
 ! fluctuations ( language4 ,d\btless1  
by tak+ deta*$ portions ( a p>agraph    
ap>t f ! limitations connect$ ) !m1 &   
falsely imput+ s9i/] motives to almo/ e 
s5t5ce1 x 9 possible to make ! mo/      
correct au?or contradict himself &      
misrepres5t 8 subject2 b ) su* m51 :e!r 
_! misrepres5tations arise f delib]ate  
design or invet]ate g5]al habit1 we _c  
cons5t to debate4 ,! injury done is r to
 ! cause ( ,*ri/ & ( tru? ?an ourselves1
 & we c well af=d to commit ! case =    
adjudication to t ,omnisci5t ,be+1 :o   
judge? righte\sly4  ,note #a4 ,see      
,lu!r's ,works1 ,leipsic ed41 ,vol4 xxi1
 pp4 #ddg1 #ddh4  ,note #b4 ,see ,lu!r's

 lett] to ,pr9ce ,george 9 8 ,works1    
,vol4 xxi41 p4 #dcj4  ,note #c4 ,vol4   
iii41 p4 #aad4  ,note #d4 ,see ,murdock1
 ,edition ( ,mo%iem's ,hi/ory1 ,vol4    
iii1 page #ec1 ,h>p]'s edition4  ,note  
#e4 ,fuhrmann's ,lexicon1 ,vol4 iii41 p4
 #c4  ,note #f4 ,siegel's ,manual1 ,vol4
 iii41 p4 #cfb4  ,note #g4 ,ibid1 p4    
#cff4  ,note #h4 ,ibid1 p4 #cge4  ,note 
#i4 ,lu!r's ,works1 ,vol4 xxii41 p4     
#bcc-cg4  ,note #aj4 ,ibid1 p4 #bcg4    
,note #aa4 ,ibid1 p4 #bdj4  ,note #ab4  
,ibid4 p4 #cch4  ,note #ac4 ,lu!r's     
,works1 ,vol4 xix41 p4 #fff4  ,note #ad4
 ,ibid41 ,vol4 xx41 p4 #c4  ,note #ae4  
,lu!r's ,works1 ,vol4 xx41 p4 #aie4     
,note #af4 ,ibid41 p4 #beg4  ,note #ag4 
,lu!r's ,works1 ,vol4 xxi41 p4 #fc4     
,note #ah4 ,! edition f :i* all our     
translations ( ,melanc?on's ,lett]s are 
made is t ( ,niemey]1 publi%$ at ,halle1
 9 #ahcj1 entitl$ ,philip ,melanc?on 9  
,jahre d] ,augsburgis*5 ,confession4    
,note #ai4 ,niemey]'s ,melanc?on1 pp4   
#da-dc4  ,note #bj4 ,ibid41 p4 #ef4     

,note #ba4 ,niemey]'s ,melanc?on1 p4    
#ga4  ,note #bb4 ,niemey]'s ,melanc?on1 
p4 #gf4  ,note #bc4 ,niemey]1 p4 #ij1   
#ia4  ,note #bd4 ,koe!'s ,melanc?on's   
,works1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #bfc4  ,note #be4 
,ibid41 p4 #bfe4  ,note #bf4 ,ibid41 p4 
#bfg4  ,note #bg4 ,lu!r's ,works1 ,vol4 
,,xx41 p4 #aii4  ,note #bh4 ,pfeiff]'s  
,augapfel1 second edit41 p4 #ajde4      
,note #bi4 ,ibid4 p4 #ajdh4  ,note #cj4 
,pfeiff]'s ,aug4 ,appel41 second edit41 
p4 #ajej4  ,note #ca4 ,see ! ,lu!ran    
,manual1 p4 #bhh1 & ,mull]'s ,symb4     
,bu*]1 p4 #ea4  ,note #cb4 ,see ,lu!ran 
,manual1 p4 #bhi4  ,note #cc4 ,plea1 c41
 p4 #ae4  ,note #cd4 ,lu!ran ,manual1   
pp4 #bhh1 #bhi1 & ,mull]'s ,symb4 pp4   
#ea1 #eb1 #ec4  ,note #ce4 ,pfeiff]'s   
,augapfel1 #b;d ed41 p4 #ajde4  ,note   
#cf4 ,muell]'s ,symb4 ,books1 pp4 #bdh1 
#bdi4  ,note #cg4 ,koe!'s ,melanc?on's  
,w]ke1 ,vol4 i41 p4 #bej4  ,note #ch4   
,lu!r's ,works1 ,leipsic ed41 ,vol4     
xxii41 p4 #cch4   ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,(     
,,private ,,confession ,,& ,,absolution4

  ,?is rite1 9 any s5se ( ! t]m1 t c be 
giv5 to x 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession &   
o!r =m] symbols ( ! ,lu!ran *ur*1 has   
long s9ce be5 ab&on$ ?r\gh\t our *ur* 9 
,europe1 except+ 9 t small portion (    
,g]man *ur*es1 kn[n z ,old ,lu!rans1 &  
among ^? =eign]s 9 ! we/ ( our c\ntry1  
:o con/itute ! ,miss\ri ,synod4 ,x is   
hi/orically unju/ to apply ! t]m private
 confession to t public confession (    
s9s1 made by ! congregation             
collectively1 z "p ( our prep>atory     
ex]cises on sacram5tal occasions1 &     
usually a misnom] to apply ! "n private 
confession1 to ! habit ( "s ( our ,g]man
 m9i/]s1 7t]m$ ,anmeldung17 ( hav+ all  
communicants call on !m = conv]sation on
 _! spiritual /ate1 prior to sacram5tal 
communion4 ,al?\gh ^! cu/oms bo? grew   
out ( private confession prop]ly s      
call$1 nei!r ( !m reta9s its ess5tial   
elem5ts4  ,let u fir/ inquire :at does !
 ,augsburg ,confession mean by ! phrase 
,private ,confession4 ,among !          
,romani/s1 ,auricul> ,confession is t   

rite1 9 :i* e individual ( bo? sexes    
mu/1 at lea/ once a ye>1 appe> be=e !   
prie/ at ! confession box 9 ! *ur* or   
*apel1 & confess 9 detail all ! s9s t he
 c recollect2 aft] :i*1 ! prie/ assigns 
! p5it5t "s acts ( p5ance1 & on 8       
promis+ to p]=m !m1 he !n1 z 9 ! /ead ( 
,god1 pr(esses to =give him 8 s9s4 ,!   
,re=m]s1 h[ev]1 di/9ctly reject$ !      
necessity ( ! p5it5ts enum]at+ 8        
individual s9s1 & ! propriety ( !       
m9i/]'s prescrib+ any p5ance to !       
p5it5t4 ,!y also di/9ctly made          
confession optional ) ! p5it5t1 & !     
absolution dep5d5t on 8 fai?2 & ?is     
purifi$ rite !y t]m$ ,private           
,confession1 al?\gh 9 "s p>ts ( ! *ur* x
 0 /ill call$ ,auricul> ,confession     
7,ohr5bei*t74 ,note #a ,! mann] 9 :i*   
?is rite 0 p]=m$ 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 is  
?us describ$ by ,funk 9 8 "w entitl$    
,kir*5ordnung5 ( ! fir/ c5tury ( !      
,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 ,g]many1 9 :i* he       
pres5ts ! results ( ?irty ( ! olde/     
,lu!ran ,=mulas ( ,*ur* ,discipl9e &    

,wor%ip4 ,absolution 0 receiv$          
privately1 by ea* "o individually1      
kneel+ be=e ! confessional1 ! confessor 
impos+ 8 h&s at ! "t4 ,private          
confession 0 giv5 only 9 ! *ur*1 9 :i* !
 confessional 0 s locat$ ne> ! pulpit1 t
 no o!r p]son c\ld be ne>1 or he> :at 0 
said by ! p5it5t4 ,note #b  ,b  ,i4 ,:at
 does ! ,plat=m tea* 9 reg>d to ?is     
,private ,confession8 ,! ,plat=m tea*es1
 #a4 ,t x 0 reta9$ by ! ,augsburg       
,confession & o!r symbolical books4 #b4 
,x is object$ to by ! ,plat=m1 z        
unau?oriz$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 #c4 ,&      
?irdly1 z be+ inconsi/5t ) ! fundam5tal 
doctr9e ( ! ,re=mation1 t fai? x ! only 
condition ( ! ju/ification or p>don ( ! 
s9n]4  ,,ii4 ,:at does ! ,plea object to
 ^! positions8  #a4 ,t ! impression     
might be made by ! ,plat=m1 t ! ,lu!ran 
doctr9e has "s aff9ity to ! ,romi%      
doctr9e ( ,auricul> ,confession4 ,b !   
,plat=m expressly /ates ! rejection (   
,auricul> ,confession by ! ,re=m]s1 & _!
 ret5tion ( :at !y call$ private        

confession 9 its /ead1 ! latt] diff]+ f 
! =m] z above /at$4 ,! ,plea next       
introduces a =mula ( absolution1 us$ 9  
,witt5b]g1 9 #aeei1 to %[ ! h>mlessness 
( ! rite4 ,b "h1 un=tunately1 if we are 
n entirely mi/ak51 our fri5d has        
ov]look$ ! fact1 t x is a =mula =       
public1 & n private confession :i* he   
cites4 ,?is is c]ta9 f ! language       
?r\gh\t1 be+ address$ to all su* z are  
"h pres5t1 c4 ,x is well kn[n t private 
confession 0 reject$ 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9
 ,d5m>k & ,sw$5 9 ! beg9n+1 z well z by 
diff]5t portions ( ,g]many at an e>ly   
day1 & a public or g5]al confession     
adopt$ 9 its /ead4 ,9 ,lu!r's ,%ort     
,directory = ,confession1 c41 ,note #c  
tr4 note3 !re is no note numb] 9 !      
orig9al to g ) ! correspond+ footnote1 b
 ?is appe>s to be :]e x %\ld g we h 8   
=mula = private or individual           
absolution1 :i* w convey to ! read] a m 
correct idea ( its =m3 ,aft] !          
directions = confession ( s9s2 !        
,confessor says3 ,god be m]ciful to !e &

 /r5g!n ?y fai?4 ,am54  ,do/ ?\ believe 
t my remission ( ?y s9s is ,god's       
remission8  ,answ] ( ! p5it5t3 ,yes1 de>
 sir1 ,i d4  ,!n ! confessor says3      
,accord+ to ?y fai?1 s be x unto !e4 ,& 
,i1 by comm& ( our ,"l ,jesus  ,*ri/1   
=give !e ?y s9s1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 !    
,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,am54 ,dep>t 9   
peace4  ,ano!r specim5 ( private        
absolution we f9d 9 ! ,kir*5ordnung1    
,note #d or ,*ur* ,directory ( ,c\nt    
,wolfgang1 ( ! ,palat9ate1 on ! ,rh9e1  
c41 publi%$ 9 ,nu]nb]g1 #aeeg4  ,!      
,almighty ,god & ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus 
,*ri/1 w be graci\s & m]ciful to !e1 & w
 p>don all ?y s9s1 = ! sake ( 8 de> ,son
 ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o suff]$ & di$ = !m4 ,& 
9 ! "n ( ?is1 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 by 8
 comm&1 & 9 virtue ( 8 decl>ation1 ',^: 
s9s ye remit !y am remitt$1' c41 ,i     
pron\nce !e free & cle> ( all ?y s9s1 t 
!y %all all be =giv5 !e1 z c]ta9ly &    
completely1 z ,jesus ,*ri/ by 8 suff]+s 
& dea? m]it$ ! same1 & 9 8 gospel has   
comm&$ x to be prea*$ to all ! _w4      

,receive1 !re=e1 ?is consol+ promise1   
:i* ,i h n[ made to !e 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l   
,*ri/1 let ?y consci5ce be at re/1 & d  
?\ confid5tly believe1 t ?y s9s are     
assur$ly =giv5 !e1 = ,*ri/'s sake1 9 !  
"n ( ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son & ! ,holy ,gho/4   
,am54  #b4 ,! ,plea affirms1 t private  
confession may be useful z a means (    
br++ !1 memb]s ( ! *ur* into p]sonal    
int]view ) _! pa/or4 ,! advantage ( su* 
int]views we freely admit2 b !y c be &  
are secur$ 9 our *ur*es )\t ?is rite2 & 
z x is confess$ly de/itute ( ,scripture 
au?ority1 we h no "r to inv5t a new     
ord9ance 9 ,*ri/'s *ur* = any purpose4  
#c4 ,! ,plea ma9ta9s t explanation ( !  
p[] ( ! ,keys1 :i* au?orizes a m9i/] to 
pron\nces absolution ( s9s1 & appeals to
 ,mat?4 xviii4 #ah1 ,:atsoev] ye %all   
b9d "o ar?1 sic c4 ,b ! previ\s context 
tell x to ! *ur* c41 cle>ly %[s t x     
ref]s to *ur* discipl9e1 & signifies    
:atev] acts ( discipl9e ye enact 9 reg>d
 to su* an individual1 ,i w ratify 9    
heav54 ,b ?is has no be>+ on private    

confession & absolution4 ,! o!r passage 
f ,john1 xx4 #bc1 ,:osoev]'s s9s ye     
remit1 c41 0 utt]$ on a diff]5t         
occasion1 aft] ! ,savi\r's resurrection2
 & ei!r ref]s to a miracul\s p[] be/[$  
on ! apo/les1 to disc]n ! condition ( ! 
he>t1 & to ann\nce p>don to ^? :om !y   
knew to be truly p5it5t & believ+2 or x 
conf]s on ! m9i/ry1 9 all ages1 ! p[] to
 ann\nce 9 g5]al ! conditions on :i*    
,god w p>don s9n]s4 ,b x conta9s no     
au?ority to un9spir$ m9i/]s to apply ^! 
promises to individuals1 ! condition (  
^: he>ts !y _c "k1 z is done 9 private  
absolution4  ,,iii4 ,we !re=e feel      
con/ra9$ to ma9ta9 ! positions ( !      
,plat=m on ?is subject also4  #a4 ,t    
private confession & absolution 7       
inculcat$ by ! ,augsburg ,confession1 is
 s evid5t1 t x _c be successfully d5i$4 
,nor is ?is done only 9 ! ,abuses       
,correct$1 z ! ,plea seems to suppose1  
p4 #bj4 ,9 ,art4 ,,xi4 ( ! ,confession1 
we read3 ,9 reg>d to confession1 !y     
tea*1 t private absolution ought to be  

reta9$ 9 ! *ur*2 b t an enum]ation ( all
 our transgressions is n requisite to   
confession4  ,9 ! ,apology ,note #e to !
 ,confession1 ,melanc?on employs ?is    
language3 ,:]e=e x w\ld be impi\s to    
take away private absolution f ! *ur*4  
7,qu>e impium esset1 c47 ,lu!r1 9 !     
,smalcald ,articles1 ,art4 ,,viii41     
says1 confession & absolution ought by  
no means be aboli%$ 9 ! *ur*1 c41       
7,nequaquam 9 ecclesia confessio et     
absolutio abol5da e/1 c427 & he is      
speak+ ( private confession4  ,! ,romi% 
alleg$ ,refutation ( ! ,augsburg        
,confession1 on ! above cit$ ,art4      
,,xi41 ?us expresses its approbation3   
,?is article 7,art4 ,,xi47 t private &  
special absolution %\ld rema91 & be     
pres]v$ 9 ! *ur*es is ,ca?olic4 ,yet two
 ?+s mu/ be requir$ ( !m1 7( ! ,re=m]s17
 t bo? m5 & wom5 %\ld att5d confession  
at lea/ once a ye>1 c42 secondly1 to    
confess all ! s9s y c recollect4 ,note  
#f  ,dr4 ,plank1 9 8 celebrat$ &        
elaborate ,hi/ory ( ! ,orig9 & ,*anges (

 ! ,prote/ant ,doctr9al ,sy/em1 ,note #g
 speak+ ( ! negotiations betwe5 !       
,re=m]s & ,papi/s dur+ ! ,diet (        
,augsburg1 says1 ,on ! subject ( !      
,confessional !re 0 an entire agreem5t1 
= !y 7! ,re=m]s7 _h decl>$ t !y reg>d$  
,confession z a v useful in/itution1 &  
_h no idea ( suff]+ x to fall1 & also   
reg>d$ x z good1 t ! p %\ld be accu/om$ 
to confess _! s9s1 viz41 at !           
confessional4  ,siegel1 9 8 ,manual (   
,*ri/ian ,ecclesia/ical ,antiquities1   
,note #h aft] /at+ t ,lu!r reject$      
,auricul> ,confession1 z a sacram5t1 & a
 means ( oppress+ ! consci5ce1 adds3 ,b1
 on ! o!r h&1 ,lu!r 0 z unwill+ z       
,melanc?on1 to h private confession     
aboli%$1 & ! latt] _h1 9 8 ,loci        
,!ologici1 pron\nc$ private absolution  
to be z necess>y z baptism4 ,9 reg>d to 
confession 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* ( ,g]many1 
! fact is1 t private confession1 :i* !  
,re=m]s s e>ne/ly recomm5d$1 is almo/   
entirely ab&on$ & *ang$ into a g5]al 7& 
public7 confession1 :i* may ) m         

propriety be t]m$ prep>atory s]vices to 
! ,"l's ,supp]4  ,f9ally1 we w add !    
te/imony ( only "o m witness1 ,pr(4     
,jacobson1 9 ! excell5t ,!ological      
,encyclop$ia ( ,dr4 ,h]zog1 n[ 9        
progress ( publication 9 ,g]many1 :o    
says1 ,:il/ ! compulsory "p ( !         
in/itution 7private confession17 fell to
 ! gr\nd1 ea* "o 0 left to judge :e!r & 
h[ mu* he w\ld confess4 ,! in/itution   
itself 0 reta9$1 & private confession   
especially recomm5d$4 ,! ,augsburg      
,confession presupposes x 7private      
confession17 z ! rule3 ,our cu/om is n  
to give ! sacram5t to ^? :o h n fir/ be5
 confess$ & absolv$2 & ! ,smalcald      
articles sic tea* t ,confession &       
,absolution mu/ by no means be all[$ to 
be omitt$ 9 ! *ur*4 ,note #i  ,aft] all 
?is te/imony1 x may be reg>d$ z         
inconte/ably e/abli%$1 t ! =m]          
symbolical books ( our *ur* d tea*      
private confession & absolution1 ) "s   
modifications1 & h5ce1 t ! *ur* 9 ,sw$5 
& ,d5m>k always reject$ ?is "p ( !      

,augsburg ,confession1 9 practice1 & t !
 entire *ur* 9 ,g]many & ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 :i* n[ use a public confession1 
h made a simil> dep>ture f ! tea*+s ( ! 
,augsburg ,confession z well z ( ,lu!r1 
,melanc?on & ! o!r ,lu!ran re=m]s4  #b4 
,t ?is rite ( private confession1 is    
unau?oriz$ by any comm& ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 
9 s cle>1 t ! ,symbolical books !mselves
 admit x1 & comm5d ! rite m]ely on !    
gr\nd ( human exp$i5cy1 & inf]5tial     
scriptural reason+4 ,! same ackn[l$gm5t 
is made by ! ,plea ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mann4
 ,9 ,art4 ,,xxvi4 ( ,augsburg           
,confession1 be+ ,topic ,v4 ( ! ,abuses 
,correct$1 ! confession says3           
,confession is n comm&$ 9 ,scripture1 b 
has be5 in/itut$ by ! *ur*4 ,note #aj   
#c4 ,! rite ( private absolution1 on :i*
 ! ,re=m]s lay mu* /ress1 is 9 l mann]  
de/itute ( scriptural au?ority1 & mo/   
injuri\s to ! int]e/s ( spiritual       
religion4 ,! omnisci5t ,savi\r c\ld well
 say to ! sick ( ! palsy1 ,son1 be (    
good *e]1 ?y s9s be =giv5 !e1 ,matt4 ix4

 #b2 = he knew ! he>t ( man4  ,= ! same 
reason he c\ld say to ,m>y ,magdal5e1   
,?y s9s are =giv54 ,luke vii4 #dh4  ,b1 
ev5 ! inspir$ apo/les nev] 9 a s+le     
in/ance1 ei!r und]took to =give s9s     
!mselves1 or to ann\nce ! p>don ( s9 to 
any individual p]sonally4 ,x is !re=e a 
solemn ?+ = m9i/]s1 unguid$ by          
inspiration1 to assume great] p[]4 ,to  
proclaim publicly & privately !         
will+ness ( ,god to p>don ! imp5it5t1 is
 an important & delighful sic "p ( !    
m9i/]'s duty2 b = un9spir$ m5 to        
in/itute a special rite 9 ! *ur*1 = !   
express purpose ( ann\nc+ p>don to      
individuals1 ev5 :5 done conditionally1 
z ! re=m]s ma9ta9$ x always %\ld be1 is 
inevitably calculat$ to lead1 especially
 ! less intellig5t1 to believe _! s9s   
=giv51 at lea/ 9 "p1 because ! m9i/]s   
ann\nce ! fact1 & because !y h pr(ess$  
p5it5ce to him4 ,b ?is is :olly         
unau?oris$ 9 ,god's ,^w4 ,on !          
contr>y3--  7a7 ,! ,scriptures ?r\gh\t  
repres5t ,god1 & ! ,lamb ( ,god1 z !    

only be+s t c =give & take away s94     
,exod4 xxxiv4 #f1 #g4 ,! ,"l pass$ by   
be=e him & proclaim$1 ,! ,"l ,god1      
m]ciful--=giv+ iniquity1 transgression &
 s94  ,! bless$ ,savi\r1 9 8 memorable  
pray]1 tea*es u to address our          
supplication1 n to ! m9i/]1 b to our    
heav5ly ,fa!r1 =give u our s9s1 c41     
,luke xi4 #d4 ,he says no?+1 nor does   
any writ] ( ! ,old or ,new ,te/am5t say 
a ^w ab\t advis+ a resort to ! prie/ or 
m9i/] to obta9 =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,! same  
tru? is taught 9 a multitude ( o!r      
passages4 ,we ref] ! read] to a few3    
,eph4 iv4 #cb2 ,acts viii4 #bb2 #a ,john
 i4 #i2 ,mat?4 ix4 #f2 ,m>k xi4 #be2 #a 
,k+s viii4 #cj2 #b ,*ron4 vii4 #ad2     
,psalm lxxxvi4 #e2 ,j]em4 xxxi4 #cd2    
,dan4 ix4 #ai4  7b7 ,! v fact1 t s9 is  
committ$ ess5tially aga9/ ,god1 is a    
violation ( 8 law1 implies t no o!r be+1
 n ev5 an angel or ar*angel1 mu* less a 
man1 c =give x1 ,aga9/ !e1 !e only h ,i 
s9n$1 said ! ,psalmi/1 & done ?is evil 9
 ?y sight4  7c7  ,! (f]s ( p>don 9      

,god's ,^w1 are all conditional & g5]al1
 & ^! alone has ! m9i/] ! "r to         
proclaim1 ei!r to a congregation or to  
an individual4 ,! implication ( !       
promise to individuals is made by !     
,holy ,_s1 work+ fai? 9 ! individual1 or
 enabl+ him to tru/ 9 ,*ri/4 ,be+       
ju/ifi$ by fai?1 we h peace ) ,god1 &   
?is peace is ! believ]'s evid5ce1 is !  
,te/imony ( ! ,_s1 t our s9s are =giv54 
7d7 ,! actual p>don ( individuals by    
,god1 dep5ds on _! possess+ ! moral     
fitness requir$ by him4 ,x is bas$ on _!
 hav+ p]=m$ ! prescrib$ moral conditions
 s9c]ely1 ( :i* none b ! ,omnisci5t     
,jehovah c c]ta9ly judge2 h5ce1 ev5 !   
decl>ative annunciation ( p>don to      
individuals1 is n only unau?oriz$ b     
dang]\s4 ,because1 ev5 if conditionally 
ann\nc$1 ! =mality ( ! absolution1 & !  
fact t ! *ur* has made a special rite ( 
x1 are calculat$ to beget ! idea1       
especially 9 ! un9tellig5t1 t ! grant+ (
 absolutions by ! m9i/]1 is pro( ( !    
g5u95ess ( _! fai?1 & reality ( _!      

p>don4  7e7 ,f9ally1 ! doctr9e (        
m9i/]ial absolution1 or ! suppos$       
s9-=giv+ p[] ( ! m9i/ry1 is inconsi/5t )
 ! doctr9e1 t ju/ification or p>don c be
 atta9$ only by a liv+ fai? 9 ,jesus    
,*ri/1 a doctr9e ( c>d9al importance 9 !
 eyes ( ! ,re=m]s1 & ! "o :i* ,lu!r has 
/yl$ ! articulus /antis vel cad5tis     
ecclesiae1 ! doctr9e ) :i* ! *ur* mu/ /&
 or fall4 ,! ,scriptures & also !       
,re=m]s1 tea* t p>don or ju/ification c 
be obta9$ only ?r\gh ! m]its ( ,*ri/1   
:i* m]its mu/ be appreh5d$ by a liv+    
fai?1 :i* liv+ fai? c be f\nd only 9 !  
reg5]ate or conv]t$ s\l4 ,h5ce1 z none b
 a reg5]ate s9n] c ex]cise liv+ fai?1 no
 o!r c be p>don$1 :atev] else he may d  
or possess4 ,n[ ^? :o att5d confession  
are ei!r reg5]ate1 or !y are n4 ,if !y 7
 reg5]at$ or conv]t$ be=e !y w5t to     
confession1 !y _h fai?1 & 7 p>don$ be=e2
 if !y 7 unreg5]ate or unconv]t$1 !n    
nei!r _! confession1 nor ! prie/'s      
absolution1 c conf] p>don on !m1 because
 !y h n a liv+ fai?1 al?\gh !y may be   

s9c]e & ex]cise "s sorr[ = _! s9s4 ,on !
 o!r h&1 if any am\nt ( s]i\sness &     
p5it5ce1 %ort ( true conv]sion or       
reg5]ation1 c\ld1 ?r\gh ! confessional1 
or any o!r rite1 conf] p>don ( s92 ! l9e
 ( di/9ction betwe5 conv]t$ & unconv]t$1
 betwe5 m]e =mali/s & true ,*ri/ians    
w\ld be oblit]at$2 we %\ld h p>don$     
sa9ts & p>don$ s9n]s 9 ! *ur*1 conv]t$ &
 unconv]t$ heirs ( ! promise1 believ+ & 
unbeliev+ subjects ( ju/ification1 & !  
words ( ! ,"l ,jesus w\ld prove a lie1  
,t1 unless a man be born aga91 he _c    
ent] ! k+dom ( heav56-,def4 ,plat=m1 p4 
#be4  ,on ! subject ( ?is rite1 we      
regret to /ate1 t a m c>eful /udy ( !   
subject1 z pres5t$ 9 ! above results1 w 
n p]mit u to speak z favorably ( !      
practice ( ! ,re=m]s1 z we did 9 "s (   
our =m] publications1 tw5ty ye>s ago1 & 
ev5 lat]4 ,! positions above ma9ta9$1 we
 ?9k1 _c be successfully controv]t$1 z  
our inve/igations ( ! orig9al s\rces has
 be5 suffici5tly ext5sive to dispel all 
d\bt4  ,note #a4 ,see ,koe*]1 p4 #eae4  

,note #b4 ,funk's ,kir*5ordnung51 pp4   
#ahi1 #aij4  ,note #c4 ,muell]'s ,symb4 
,b41 p4 #cfd4  ,note #d4 ,page #ig4     
,note #e4 ,muell]'s ,symb4 ,b41 p4 #ahe4
  ,note #f4 ,pleiff]1 p4 #ecd4 sic      
,note #g4 ,vol4 iii4 pt4 #a1 p4 #abe4   
,note #h4 ,vol4 i41 pp4 #aii1 #bjf4     
,note #i4 ,vol4 iv41 p4 #gha4  ,note    
#aj4 ,lu!ran ,manual1 p4 #bic4   ,,*apt]
  ,,vii4 ,,d5ial ,,( ,,! ,,div9e        
,,in/itution ,,& ,,obligation ,,(       
,,*ri/ian ,,sabba?4  ,! incalculable    
importance ( ! prop] obs]vation ( !     
,*ri/ian ,sabba? to ! progress ( ! k+dom
 ( ,*ri/ 9 g5]al1 & to ! gr[? ( piety 9 
! he>t ( e ,*ri/ian 9 p>ticul>1 is a    
po9t on :i*1 we are happy to /ate1 !re  
is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,plea & !       
,plat=m4 ,yet we _c resi/ ! conviction1 
t 9 our ef=ts to obs]ve ?is day1 n ) !  
ph>isaic =malities ( ! ,jew1 b ) !      
consci5ti\s spirituality ( ! ,*ri/ian1 !
 "q :e!r 9 do+ s1 we are obey+ an       
injunction ( ,god1 exhibit$ 9 ! inspir$ 
example ( 8 apo/les1 or are m]ely con=m+

 to an un9spir$ regulation ( ! *ur*1 mu/
 be ( great importance4  ,! lax views ( 
! e>ly re=m]s on ?is subject are s      
frequ5tly met ) 9 !ological discussions1
 t we _h n expect$ to f9d ! position ( !
 ,plat=m disput$2 b r t ! !ory ( !      
,re=m]s w\ld be def5d$1 z is done by    
writ]s ( no mean "n 9 ,g]many at !      
pres5t day4 ,! au?or ( ! ,plea1 h[ev]1  
takes a diff]5t view ( ! ,confession1 & 
affirms t ?is v5]able docum5t does n d5y
 ! div9e in/itution & obligation ( !    
,*ri/ian ,sabba?4 ,lu!r & ,melanc?on    
7says he17 _h receiv$ f ! old] *ur*1 !  
doctr9e & practice ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?1
 z a holy day1 z a div9e in/itution &   
obligation1 & !y _h n a ^w to say aga9/ 
?is view ( ! ,sabba?4 ,b !y _h a great  
deal to say aga9/ ! abuses1 by :i* !    
bi%ops made ! ,sabba? a day ( s9 &      
di%onor to ,god & 8 *ur*1 in/ead ( mak+ 
x a day devot$ to 8 glory1 p4 #bh4  ,?is
 op9ion is diff]5t f t commonly ent]ta9$
 among ! le>n$4 ,a few au?orities alone 
may suffice to su/a9 our /atem5t4 ,dr   

,rueck]1 9 8 "w on ,! ,"l's ,day1 9 :i* 
he ?or\ghly exam9es ! views ( ! *ur* on 
?is subject1 9 all ! diff]5t ages ( h]  
hi/ory1 fully confirms ! position ( !   
,def9ite ,plat=m4 ,he says1 ,! ,re=m]s d
 n recognize 9 ! religi\s obs]vance (   
,sunday an in/itution re/+ on an        
imm$iate div9e comm&2 & ! idea ( a      
transf] ( ! ,sabbatic law ( ! ,old to ! 
,new ,te/am5t ,sunday1 is altoge!r      
/range to !m1 & is positively reject$ by
 !m1 z 9 consi/5t ) ! gospel 7,die      
,re=matorem erk5n5 9 d] ,sonntagsfei]   
ke9e unmittelb> goettli*e anordnung1 c47
 ,ruck]t1 von ,tage des ,h]rn1 p4 #dh4  
,& aga91 on p4 #fg1 he affirms ?is m    
lib]al view ( ! ,"l's ,day1 to be ! m   
g5]al "o 9 ,g]many at ! pres5t "t4 ,s   
f>1 says he1 z we "k1 ! mo/ important1  
liv+1 !ological writ]s1 ( ! pres5t day1 
ent]ta9 ?is s-call$ m lib]al or lax     
view1 7namely1 t ( ,lu!r47  ,dr4        
,h5g/5b]g1 ! well-kn[n editor ( !       
,evangelical ,*ur* ,pap] at ,b]l91      
,prussia1 & au?or ( num]\s le>n$ &      

valuable works1 uses ! foll[+ language3 
,:at ,lu!r's views 71 on ! law conc]n+ !
 ,sabba?1 may easily be inf]r$ f 8 views
 ( ! ,old ,te/am5t law 9 g5]al1 & ( !   
,decalogue 9 p>ticul>4 ,! di/9ction :i* 
became curr5t aft] 8 day1 betwe5 ! moral
 & c]emonial law1 accord+ to :i* ,*ri/  
abrogat$ only ! latt]1 :il/ ! =m] is    
reg>d$ z univ]sal & b9d+ on all ages1 0 
di/ant f 8 views4 ,he reg>ds ! :ole law 
z an ext]nal1 co]cive lett]1 design$    
only = ! ,jews4 ,h[ ,lu!r reg>d$ !      
,sabba? f ?is g5]al view1 is s cle>ly   
exhibit$ 9 8 ,l>g] ,cate*ism1 t !       
introduction ( o!r passages f 8 writ+s1 
is entirely sup]flu\s4 ,he !n quotes !  
passages :i* w be giv5 9 full 9 our next
 section1 9 :i* ,lu!r decl>es ! ,sabba? 
to be design$ only = ! ,jews1 & t 9 its 
outw>d s5se x does n conc]n ,*ri/ians4  
7,d>um1 says ,lu!r1 gehet nun dies gebot
 na* dem grob5 ,v]/&e uns ,*ri/5 ni*ts  
an1 c47 ,melanc?on 7cont9ues ,h5g/5b]g17
 agre$ ) ,lu!r1 & ?is view 0 introduc$  
into ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,see      

,h5g/5b]g1 ueb] d5 ,tag des ,h]rn1      
,b]l91 #aheb1 pp4 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaj4  ,b 
! accuracy ( ! ,plat=m w no long] be    
disput$1 :5 ev5 ,dr4 ,walt]1 sic2 %\ld  
be ,wal!r ! lead] ( ! old ,lu!ran ,synod
 ( ,miss\ri1 & editor ( _! p]iodical1 a 
man ( ackn[l$g$ !ological le>n+ & rigid 
advocate = ! entire ,augsburg           
,confession1 be>s te/imony 9 favor ( our
 position4 ,9 ! ,m>* ,no4 ( ! ,lehre und
 ,wehre1 p4 #ic1 he ?us expresses 8     
views3 ,we _c agree ) him 7! au?or1 :om 
he is review+7 9 ! views he expresses   
conc]n+ ! ,sabba?4 ,he ass]ts t !       
,sabba? or ,*ri/ian ,sunday is a div9e  
in/itution1 & t ?is is ! doctr9e ( !    
,lu!ran ,symbols3 ,t ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*    
diff]s f ! ,calv9i/ic only 9 ! mode (   
obs]v+ ! ,sabba?1 ! =m] advocat+ an     
evangelical1 ! latt]1 a legal me?od4 ,! 
contr>y ( ?is is cle>ly evid5t f        
,article ,,xxviii4 ( ! ,augsburg        
,confession1 & x w\ld be almo/          
incompreh5sible h[ ! au?or c\ld fail to 
p]ceive ?is1 7 x n = 8 manife/ desire to

 make ! sanctification ( ! ,sabba? z    
b9d+ a duty z any o!r precept 9 !       
decalogue1 & 8 appreh5sion t ?is c\ld n 
be accompli%$ any o!r way1 ?an by       
ma9ta9+ ! div9e appo9tm5t ( ! ,sunday4  
,once m1 let u li/5 to ! ! sic te/imony 
( t le>n$ & imp>tial hi/orian ( our own 
c\ntry1 ,dr4 ,murdock1 himself1 ?\gh a  
native ,am]ican1 a highly respectable   
,g]man s*ol>3 ,! ,,xxviii4 ,article (   
,augsburg ,confession1 says he1 tea*es t
 z to ,sundays & o!r holy days1 & rites 
& =ms ( wor%ip1 bi%ops may & %\ld appo9t
 su* z are conv5i5t & suitable2 & ! p   
%\ld obs]ve !m1 ,,n ,,z ,,div9e         
,,ord9ances1 b z conducive to good ord] 
& edification4  ,murdock's ,mo%eim1     
,vol4 iii41 p4 #ec1 ,h>p]'s edition4    
,i4 ,:at is ! *>ge ( ! ,def9ite ,plat=m 
aga9/ ! ,augsburg ,confession on ?is    
subject8 ,x is1 t  ,! ,augsburg         
,confession treats ! ,sabba? z a m]e    
,jewi% in/itution1 & supposes x to be   
totally revok$ :il/ ! propriety ( our   
reta9+ ! ,"l's ,day or ,*ri/ian ,sabba? 

z a day ( religi\s wor%ip1 is suppos$ to
 re/ only on ! agreem5t ( ! *ur*es = !  
conv5i5ce ( g5]al convocation4  ,,ii4   
,:at gr\nd does ! ,plea take8  ,x d5ies 
! position1 & affirms ! contr>y1 z above
 /at$1 :ile x supposes ! ,confession to 
object n to ! div9e in/itution &        
obligation ( ! ,"l's ,day1 b to !       
corruptions :i* ! ,romi% *ur* _h        
connect$ ) x1 & especially ! idea t !   
obs]vance ( ! ,"l's ,day 0 a m]itori\s  
"w1 :i* w\ld secure our ju/ification    
be=e ,god4  ,! obs]vations ( ! ,plea    
aga9/ ! self-righte\s abuse ( ! ,sabba? 
are j & ,*ri/ian1 b d n affect !        
position ( ! ,plat=m4 ,! au?or also     
int]sp]ses o!r useful practical rem>ks1 
:i* we h n h room to quote4 ,! simple   
po9t ( diff]5ce1 ( any mom5t1 is t      
relat+ to ! "q :e!r our obligation to   
obs]ve ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba? re/s on its   
appo9tm5t by ,god or by ! *ur*4 ,inde$1 
x c sc>cely be said t ?is "q rema9s1 = !
 au?or ( ! ,plea1 at ! close ( 8        
discussion1 virtually ackn[l$ges ! po9t 

affirm$ by ! ,plat=m1 :5 he says3 ,!    
,augsburg ,confession1 not)/&+ h]       
def9ite ass]tion t ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?   
re/s on no special dictate ( ! ,^w (    
,god1 ma9ta9s t by necessity1 & by "r1 !
 *ur* in/itut$ our ,*ri/ian ,sabba?1 &  
we ought to keep x4 ,p4 #cd4 ,to ?is we 
%all conf9e our pro(4  ,,iii4 ,we %all  
prove t ! ,augsburg ,confession does d5y
 ! div9e appo9tm5t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba? 
or ,"l's ,day4  ,9 e/abli%+ ?is         
position1 we %all fir/ prove f ! o!r    
writ+s ( ,lu!r & ,melanc?on1 t !y bo?   
reject$ ! div9e appo9tm5t ( ! ,*ri/ian  
,sabba? or ,"l's day2 secondly1 %[ f !  
,augsburg ,confession itself1 z well z !
 ,apology to x1 bo? writt5 by           
,melanc?on1 t its div9e appo9tm5t is !re
 d5i$4  ,let u li/5 to ! decl>ations (  
,lu!r on ?is subject4 ,9 8 ,comm5t>y on 
! ,p5tateu*1 speak+ ( ! decalogue1 he   
says3 ,sa9t ,paul & ! entire ,new       
,te/am5t h aboli%$ ! ,sabba? ( ! ,jews1 
9 ord] t m5 may und]/& t ! ,sabba?      
conc]ns ! ,jews alone4 ,x is !re=e      

unnecesss>y sic t ! ,g5tiles %\ld obs]ve
 ! ,sabba?1 al?\gh x 0 a great & rigid  
comm& among ! ,jews4 ,note #a ,among    
,*ri/ians1 "u ! ,new ,te/am5t1 e day is 
a holy day1 & all days are free4 ,!re=e1
 says ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( man is ,"l ev5 ( !
 ,sabba? day4 ,matt4 xii4 #h4 ,!re=e    
,paul1 at diff]5t places1 admoni%es !   
,*ri/ians1 n to suff] !mselves to be    
b\nd to any p>ticul> day4 ,ye obs]ve    
days & mon?s1 & times & ye>s4 ,i am     
afraid ( y1 le/ ,i h be/[$ ^u y labor 9 
va94 ,gal4 iv4 #aj1 #aa4 ,& /ill m      
cle>ly 9 ,colossians ii4 #af1 #ag4 ,let 
no m9t !re=e judge y 9 meat or 9 dr9k1  
or 9 respect ( an holy day1 or ( ! new  
moon1 or ( ,sabba? days3 :i* are a %ad[ 
( ?+s to come4 ,b al?\gh ! ,sabba? is n[
 revok$1 & ! consci5ces ( m5 are free f 
x1 x is nev]!less good & necess>y t "s  
p>ticul> day ( ! week be obs]v$1 9 ord] 
t ! ^w ( ,god may be disp5s$ on x1 may  
be he>d & le>n$2 = n e "o c att5d to x e
 day4 ,moreov]1 nature dem&s t bo? man &
 bea/ re/ "o day 9 ! week1 & ab/a9 f    

labor4 ,h5ce1 if any "o desires to make 
a necess>y comm& out ( ! ,sabba?1 z a "w
 requir$ ( ,god1 he mu/ obs]ve ,saturday
 & n ,sunday1 = ,saturday 0 enjo9$ ^u ! 
,jews1 & n ,sunday4 ,b ,*ri/ians h      
hi!rto obs]v$ ,sunday1 & n ,saturday1   
because on t day ,*ri/1 arose4 ,n[ ?is  
is a c]ta9 evid5ce to u t ! ,sabba?1 yea
 ! entire ,moses 7,mosaic disp5sation7  
no long] conc]ns u1 else we w\ld be "u  
obligation to obs]ve ,saturday4 ,?is is 
a great & /rong pro( t ! ,sabba? is     
revok$2 = ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,new ,te/am5t  
we f9d no place 9 :i* ! obs]vance ( !   
,sabba? 9 enjo9$ ^u ,*ri/ians4  ,b :y   
7cont9ues ,lu!r17 is ,sunday obs]v$     
among ,*ri/ians8 ,al?\gh1 all days are  
free & "o day is l ano!r1 x is /ill     
necess>y & good1 yea1 v necess>y1 t "s  
"o day be obs]v$1 :e!r x be ,sabba?1    
,sunday or any o!r day4 ,= ,god designs 
to lead ! _w dec5tly1 & gov]n x         
peaceably2 !re=e he gave six days = "w1 
b on ! sev5? day1 s]vants1 hirel+s1 &   
labor]s ( e k9d1 yea1 ev5 horses & ox5 &

 o!r labor+ animals %all h re/1 z ?is   
precept requires1 9 ord] t !y may be    
refre%$ by re/4 ,& especially 9 ord] t  
^?1 :o at o!r times h no leisure1 may   
he> ! prea*$ ^w & !reby le>n to "k ,god4
 ,& = ?is reason1 namely1 ( love &      
necessity1 ,sunday has be5 reta9$1 n on 
acc\nt ( ! ,mosaic precept1 b = ! sake (
 our necessities 9 ord] t we might re/ &
 le>n ! ^w ( ,god4 ,note #b  ,9 8 l>g]  
,cate*ism1 ,lu!r ?us expresses himself4 
,note #c  ,?is comm&m5t1 !re=e1 )       
respect to its outw>d & lit]al s5se1    
does n conc]n u ,*ri/ians2 = x is :olly 
an ext]nal ?+1 l o!r ord9ances ( ! ,old 
,te/am5t1 conf9$ to c]ta9 conditions1 & 
places1 :i* are all n[ left free ?r\gh  
,*ri/4 ,b 9 ord] t we may draw up = !   
un9=m$1 a ,*ri/ian mean+ ( :at ,god     
requires ( u 9 ?is comm&m5t1 is is      
necess>y to obs]ve1 t we keep !         
,sabba?-day1 n = ! sake ( intellig5t &  
le>n$ 7gelehrt57 ,*ri/ians2 = ^! h no   
ne$ ( x3 b 9 ! fir/ place1 on acc\nt1 ( 
physical reasons & necessities1 :i*     

nature tea*es & requires = ! common mass
 ( p1 m5-s]vants & maid-s]vants1 :o     
att5d dur+ ! :ole week to _! labor &    
employm5ts1 s t !y may also h a day set 
ap>t = re/ & refre%m5t 7erquick537 9 !  
second1 mo/ly = ! purpose ( enabl+ u to 
take "t & opportunity on ^!             
,sabba?-days1 7s9ce we _c o!rwise atta9 
!m17 to att5d to div9e s]vice1 s t we   
may assemble ourselves to he> & treat ( 
! ,^w ( ,god1 & !n to praise him1 to s+ 
& pray to him4  ,b ?is1 ,i say1 is n s  
conf9$ to "t1 z ii 0 among ! ,jews1 t x 
mu/ be precisely on ?is or t day2 = "o  
day is n bett] 9 itself ?an ano!r1 b x  
%\ld be daily att5d$ to2 b s9ce ! mass (
 ! p _c att5d to x1 we %\ld res]ve "o   
day 9 ! week1 at lea/1 = ?is purpose4   
,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z ,sunday has be5 set  
ap>t f ( old = ?is purpose1 we %\ld     
!re=e let x rema9 s1 t ! ,sabba? may be 
obs]v$ ) uni=mity1 & t no "o create     
disord] ?r\gh unnecess>y innovation4  ,!
 above te/imony ( ,lu!r is s di/9ct &   
decid$1 t he c]ta9ly w\ld n h approv$ ( 

! ,augsburg ,confession if ,melanc?on _h
 introduc$ a diff]5t doctr9e into x4 ,b 
!re 0 no diff]5ce ( op9ion on ?is po9t1 
betwe5 ^! two lum9>ies ( ! *ur*4  #b4   
,melanc?on1 9 a lett] address$ to ,lu!r 
f ,augsburg1 dat$ ,july #bg1 #aecj1 ?us 
speaks ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?3 ,:5 ,/4    
,pet] appo9ts ! religi\s obs]vance (    
,sunday1 ,i reg>d ?is "w 7! obs]vance ( 
! day7 n z div9e wor%ip1 7,gottesdi5/1  
cultus17 b z be+ att5d$ by bodily       
advantage1 7leibli*5 ,nutz517 if ! p    
assemble toge!r on a fix$ day4 ,note #d 
,aga91 9 8 ,sy/em ( ,div9ity1 or ,loci  
,!ologici1 ,note #e we f9d ! foll[+     
unequivocal decl>ation3 ,we h1 he>d     
above t ! ,levitical c]emonies are      
aboli%$4 ,b ! law conc]n+ ! ,sabba? is a
 ,levitical c]emony1 & ,/4 ,paul        
expressly says1 ,col4 ii41 ,let no "o   
judge y1 if y d n obs]ve ! ,sabba?s1    
7,niem5d sic soll eu* ri*t51 s ihr die  
,sabba! ni*t haltet27 :y !n 7x may be   
ask$7 d y insi/ s rigidly on ?is        
precept8 ,answ]4 ,?is precept 9 ! words 

( ,moses embraces two ?+s1 "o common1 t 
is necess>y to ! *ur* at all times1 & a 
p>ticul> day1 :i* conc]n$ only !        
gov]nm5t ( ,israel4 ,! common "p 7( ?is 
precept7 is ! prop] public (fice 7or    
duty7 to prea* & to obs]ve ! div9e      
c]emonies1 :i* ,god has at any "t       
enjoy$4 ,?is common precept b9ds all m52
 = ?is honor all rational creatures owe 
to ,god1 to aid 9 su/a9+ ! (fice (      
prea*]1 & ,*ri/ian assemblies1 7public  
wor%ip17 accord+ to ! condition & call+ 
( ea* "o1 z %all be f>!r /at$ h]eaft]4  
,b ! p>ticul> "p1 conc]n+ ! sev5? day1  
,,does ,,n ,,b9d ,,u3 !re=e we hold     
meet+s on ! fir/ day & on any o!r days (
 ! week1 z occasion (f]s4  ,su* !n be+ !
 views ( ! illu/ri\s re=m]s1 "o ( :om   
p5n$ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & ! o!r   
sanction$ x1 we might naturally expect  
to f9d !m express$ 9 ! ,confession      
itself1 :i* a b>e recital ( a few       
passages1 w prove to be ! case4  ,&1 ,i4
 ,f ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ,art4      
,,xxviii4  ,& :at are we to believe     

conc]n+ ,sunday  7! ,"l's day17 & o!r   
simil> ord9ances & c]emonies ( ! *ur*8  
,to ?is inquiry we reply1 ! bi%ops &    
cl]gy may make regulations1 t ord] may  
be obs]v$ 9 ! *ur*1 n ) ! view ( !reby  
obta9+ ! grace ( ,god1 nor 9 ord] ?us to
 make satisfaction = s9s1 nor to b9d !  
consci5ces1 to hold & reg>d ?is z a     
necess>y wor%ip ( ,god1 or to believe t 
!y w\ld commit s9 if !y violat$ ^!      
regulations )\t (f5ce to o!rs4 ,?us ,/4 
,paul to ! ,cor9?ians 7#a ,cor4 xi4 #e17
 has orda9$ t wom5 %all h _! heads cov]$
 9 ! congregation2 also1 t m9i/]s %\ld n
 all speak at ! same "t 9 !             
congregation1 b 9 an ord]ly mann]1 "o   
aft] ano!r4  ,x is becom+ 9 a ,*ri/ian  
congregation to obs]ve su* ord]1 = !    
sake ( love & peace1 & to obey ! bi%ops 
& cl]gy 9 ^! cases1 & to obs]ve ^!      
regulations s f> z n to give (f5ce to "o
 ano!r1 s t !re may be no disord] or    
unbecom+ conduct 9 ! *ur*4 ,nev]!less1 !
 consci5ces ( m5 mu/ n be oppress$1 by  
repres5t+ ^! ?+s z necess>y to          

salvation1 or tea*+ t !y are guilty (   
s91 if !y break ^! regulations )\t (f5ce
 to o!rs2 = no "o affirms t a woman     
commits s9 :o goes out ) h] head        
uncov]$1 )\t giv+ (f5ce to ! p4 ,,su*   
,,also ,,is ,,! ,,ord9ance ,,conc]n+    
,,sunday1 ,ea/]1 ,:itsunday1 & simil>   
fe/ivals & cu/oms4 ,= ^? :o suppose t ! 
ord9ance conc]n+ ,sunday in/ead (       
,sabba?1 is enact$ z necess>y1 are      
greatly mi/ak54 ,= ! ,holy ,scripture   
has aboli%$ ! ,sabba?1 & tea*es t all ! 
c]emonies ( ! old law may be omitt$1    
s9ce ! publication ( ! gospel4 ,& yet1 z
 x 0 necess>y to appo9t a c]ta9 day1 9  
ord] t ! p might "k :5 !y %\ld assemble1
 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 7n ! apo/les17 has up 
appo9t$ ,sunday 7! ,"l's day7 = ?is     
purpose2 & to ?is *ange %e 0 ! m incl9$ 
& will+1 t ! p might h an example (     
,*ri/ian lib]ty1 & might "k t !         
obs]vance ( nei!r ! ,sabba? nor any o!r 
day is necess>y4  ,!re h be5 num]\s     
errone\s disputations publi%$1 conc]n+ !
 *ange ( ! law1 ! c]emonies ( ! ,new    

,te/am5t1 & ! *ange ( ! ,sabba?1 :i* h  
all sprung f ! false & errone\s op9ion1 
t ,*ri/ians mu/ h su* a mode ( div9e    
wor%ip z is con=m$ to ! ,levitical or   
,jewi% s]vice1 & t ,*ri/ enjo9$ x on !  
apo/les & bi%ops1 to inv5t new          
c]emonies1 :i* %\ld be necess>y to      
salvation4 ,note #f  ,"h we are di/9ctly
 taught1 7a7 t ! ,jewi% ,sabba? is      
entirely aboli%$2 7b7 t no p>ticul> day 
0 div9ely appo9t$ 9 its /ead2 7c7 t ^?  
:o suppose ! ord9ance conc]n+ ,sunday   
in/ead ( ,sabba? is enact$ z necess>y1  
are greatly mi/ak54 7d7 ,b t1 z x 0     
necess>y to appo9t a c]ta9 day = !1     
convocation ( ! p1 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* 7n ! 
apo/les17 appo9t$ ,sunday4  ,,ii4 ,(    
simil> import are ! tea*+s ( ! ,apology 
to ! ,confession1 :i* also fl[$ f ! p5 (
 ,melanc?on4  ,apology to ! ,confession1
 ,art4 ,,iv4  ,b we ma9ta91 t ! h>mony (
 ! *ur* is no m brok5 by v>iations 9 su*
 human ord9ances1 ?an x is by v>iations 
9 ! natural l5g? ( ! day 9 diff]5t      
places4 ,yet we l to see ! g5]al        

c]emonies uni=mly kept1 = ! sake (      
h>mony & ord]1 z 9 our *ur*es1 =        
in/ance1 we reta9 7behalt57 ! mass1 !   
,"l's ,day1 & o!r great fe/ivals4  ,& we
 approve1 all human ord9ances :i* are   
good & useful1 especially ^? :i* promote
 good ext]nal discipl9e among y\? & ! p 
g5]ally4 ,b ! inquiry is n1 %all human  
ord9ances be obs]v$ on acc\nt ( ext]nal 
discipl9e & tranquillity8 sic ,! "q is  
altoge!r diff]5t2 x is1 is ! obs]vance (
 su* human ord9ances a div9e s]vice by  
:i* ,god is reconcil$2 & t )\t su*      
ord9ances1 no "o c be righte\s be=e     
,god8 ,?is is ! *ief inquiry1 & :5 ?is  
%all h be5 f9ally answ]$1 x w be easy to
 judge :e!r ! unity ( ! *ur* requires   
uni=mity 9 su* ord9ances4 ,note #g  ,"h 
aga9 ! ,"l's day 7a7 is class$ 9 !      
category ( human ord9ances1 ! obs]vance 
( :i* is free1 & may diff] 9 diff]5t    
places4  7b7 ,yet uni=mity 9 g5]al      
c]emonies is pleas+1 su* z ! mass1 !    
,"l's day1 & o!r great fe/ivals4  7c7 ,x
 is class$ aga9 ) human ord9ances :i*   

promote good ext]nal discipl9e among !  
p4  ,& n[ hav+ prov$ t ! lax views ( !  
,*ri/ian ,sabba?1 *>g$ by ! ,plat=m on !
 ,augsburg ,confession1 are attribut$ to
 x by ! le>n$ 9 ,g]many g5]ally1 t ,lu!r
 & ,melanc?on tea* !m 9 _! o!r writ+s3 9
 view ( all ^! evid5ces1 we ask e       
imp>tial1 consci5ti\s read]1 :e!r x is  
possible to d\bt ! accuracy ( !         
positions ma9ta9$ by ! ,plat=m on ?is   
subject--namely1 t ! ,augsburg          
,confession treats ! ,sabba?1 or        
religi\s obs]vance ( ! sev5? day ( !    
week1 z a m]e ,jewi% in/itution1 an     
in/itution appo9t$ ( ,god = ! ,jews     
alone2 :il/ ! propriety ( reta9+ ! ,"l's
 day or ,*ri/ian ,sabba?1 z a day (     
religi\s obs]vation & wor%ip1 9 _!      
judgm5t1 re/s on ! appo9tm5t ( ! *ur*1 &
 ! necessity ( hav+ "s "o day = !       
conv5i5ce ( ! p 9 assembl+ = public     
wor%ip4 ,! act ( keep+ any "o day       
entirely = religi\s obs]vance1 !y reg>d 
z c]emonial & tempor>y1 & ! moral or    
common "p ( ! precept1 z /at$ 9 our     

extract f ,melanc?on1 !y resolve into ! 
g5]al duty ( prea*+ & he>+ ! gospel1 & (
 su/a9+ public assemblies = ?is purpose2
 t is1 ( be>+ ! exp5ses incid5t to !    
support ( ! m9i/ry & ! ord9ances (      
,god's h\se4  ,our ,am]ican *ur*es1 on !
 contr>y1 z well z "s few 9 ,g]many1    
believe 9 ! div9e in/itution &          
obligation ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?1 or     
,"l's day1 conv9c$ t ! ,old ,te/am5t    
,sabba? 0 n a m]e ,jewi% in/itution2 b t
 x 0 appo9t$ by ,god at ! close ( !     
creative week1 :5 he re/$ on ! sev5?    
day1 & bless$ x1 & sanctifi$ x1 7,g54   
ii4 #b1 #c17 t is1 set x 7namely1 "o    
:ole day 9 sev517 ap>t = holy purposes1 
= reasons ( univ]sal & p]petual nature1 
,exod4 xx4 #aa4 ,ev5 9 ! re-enactm5t ( x
 9 ! ,mosaic rode1 its orig9al appo9tm5t
 is ackn[l$g$1 ',rememb] ! ,sabba?      
day--because 9 six days ,god made heav5 
& e>?--& re/$ on ! sev5?2 :]e=e he1 7!n1
 9 ! beg9n+17 bless$ ! ,sabba? day1 &   
hall[$ x4' ,n[ ?is reason has no m      
ref]5ce to ! ,jews ?an to any o!r       

nation1 & if x 0 suffici5t to make !    
obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? obligatory on !m1 
x mu/ be equally s = all o!r nations    
be=e & aft] !m4  ',s9ce !re=e !         
obs]vance & sanctification ( a portion (
 8 "t1 is bas$ on univ]sal reasons 9 !  
nature ( man1 especially z a religi\s   
be+1 & ! proportion ( "t 0 fix$ at a    
sev5?1 by ! example & precepts ( !      
,creator 9 ! beg9n+2 ! ,sabba? or       
religi\s obs]vance ( "o day 9 sev51 mu/ 
be univ]sally obligatory1 & ! abrogation
 ( ! ,mosaic ritual1 c at mo/ only      
repeal ^? c]emonial additions :i* t     
ritual made1 & mu/ leave ! orig9al      
,sabba? z x f\nd x4 ,n[ :il/ ! apo/les1 
& fir/ ,*ri/ians "u ! inspir$ guidance1 
= a season also att5d$ wor%ip on !      
,jewi% ,sabba?1 !y obs]v$ ! day ( !     
,"l's resurrection1 ! fir/ day ( ! week1
 z _! day ( special religi\s            
convocations2 & ?is inspir$ example is  
obligatory on ,*ri/ians 9 all ages4     
,/ill ! ess5ce ( ! in/itution consi/s1 n
 9 ! p>ticul> day ( ! week1 ?\gh t is n[

 fix$1 b 9 ! religi\s obs]vance ( "o    
entire day 9 sev54 ,note #h  ,we d n1   
inde$1 ma9ta9 t ! conduct ( ! apo/les 0 
inspir$ on all occasions2 b x seems j & 
necess>y to ma9ta91 t :5 engag$ 9 !     
specific & appropriate duties ( t (fice1
 = :i* !y 7 inspir$1 !y 7 z mu* "u !    
guidance ( ! ,_s 9 _! actions1 z _!     
words4  ,on ! div9e in/itution &        
obligation ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?1 we ref]
 ! read] to an ext5d$ argum5t 9 its     
favor1 9 ! au?or's ,lu!ran ,manual1 pp4 
#caj-bd4  ,note #a4 ,lu!r's ,works1     
,leipsic edit41 ,vol4 iii41 pp4 #fdb1   
#fdc4  ,note #b4 ,lu!r's ,works1 ,vol4  
iii41 p4 #fdc4  ,note #c4 ,symbolical   
,books1 pp4 #ddi1 #dej1 correct$ by !   
orig9al4  ,note #d4 ,niemey]'s ,briefe  
,melan*?ons1 sic p4 #ej4  ,note #e4     
,vol4 iv41 p4 #aac1 ( ,koe!'s edit4     
,note #f4 ,see ,s*muck]'s ,lu!ran       
,manual1 pp4 #cjf1 #cjg4  ,note #g4 ,see
 ,symb4 ,b4 ,newm>ket1 ed4 #b;d41       
correct$ by ! ,g]man1 p4 #bbc4  ,note   
#h4 ,see ,def9ite ,synodical ,plat=m1 p4

 #bg4   ,,*apt]  ,,viii4 ,,g5]al        
,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5ts4  ,on ?is  
subject ! au?or ( ! ,plea does n pursue 
! ord] ( ! ,plat=m1 9 :i* baptism & !   
eu*>i/ are discuss$ sep>ately2 b he     
unites ! two "u ! caption ( ,baptismal  
,reg5]ation & ! ,real ,pres5ce 9 !      
,eu*>i/1 & ent]s into "s discussions ( !
 sacram5ts 9 g5]al1 & !n introduces     
rem>ks on ea* 9 p>ticul>4 ,:il/ we deem 
a sep>ate discussion ( ea* sacram5t     
necess>y to its prop] elucidation1 !re  
are c]ta9 g5]al views common to !m bo?1 
:i* may ) propriety be consid]$ 9       
connexion4 ,we1 !re=e1 devote "s pages  
to ?is purpose1 "u ! head ( ! ,g5]al    
,nature ( ! ,sacram5ts1 & res]ve !      
discussion ( ea* "o individually to     
subsequ5t *apt]s4 ,x w\ld require an    
ext5d$ volume to discuss all ! sev]al   
aspects ( ?is int]e/+ & solemn subject  
glanc$ at by our au?or4 ,he does n1     
h[ev]1 pres5t 9 def9ite l9eam5ts !      
precise sy/em1 :i* he attributes to !   
,lu!ran ,symbols2 & le/ we %\ld d him   

inju/ice 9 endeavor+ to pres5t 8 sy/em 9
 detail1 9 ord] to controv]t x1 we deem 
x m ,*ri/ian & c\rte\s to specify only a
 few items ( 8 *apt]1 & occupy our space
 *iefly 9 pres5t+ & def5d+ :at we reg>d 
z ! doctr9e taught 9 ! ,^w ( ,god on ?is
 subject4 ,?is doctr9e is also ! !ory t 
und]lies ! positions ( ! ,def9ite       
,plat=m1 &1 we suppose1 is ass5t$ to by 
its fri5ds4  ,! ,plea affirms1 ,!       
,lu!ran doctr9e ma9ta9s t ! ,sacram5ts h
 an intr9sic value2 b ! ,def9ite ,plat=m
 seems to reg>d !m z m]e signs1 :i* may 
h a t5d5cy to promote piety1 p4 #ce4 ,on
 ?is po9t we ?9k our au?or has n cle>ly 
pres5t$ ! po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 !      
fri5ds ( ! ,plat=m & ! ,plea4 ,we n only
 admit1 b /r5u\sly affirm1 t ! sacram5ts
 h an important intr9sic influ5ce4 ,!   
,plat=m ?us describes x3 ,baptism 9     
adults is a means ( mak+ a pr(ession (  
previ\s fai?1 or ( be+ receiv$ into !   
visible *ur*1 z well z a pl$ge &        
condition ( obta9+ ^? bless+s pur*as$ by
 ,*ri/1 & (f]$ to all :o rep5t1 believe 

9 him & pr(ess 8 "n by baptism1 p4 #cj4 
,z to ! "q1 :e!r ?is influ5ce is        
intr9sic or n1 x is n t\*$ 9 ! ,plat=m2 
al?\gh we d\bt n its adh]5ts v g5]ally  
hold ! affirmative4 ,b ! real po9t (    
dispute is ! precise nature ( ! influ5ce
 ex]t$ by ! sacram5ts4 ,! symbols seem  
to reg>d =giv5ess ( s9s1 t is1          
ju/ification1 z ! imm$iate effect ( e   
wor?y reception ( ^! ord9ances2 :il/ !  
fri5ds ( ! ,plat=m hold ?is influ5ce to 
consi/ 9 _! t5d5cy to produce t liv+    
fai?1 result+ f reg5]ation1 :i* is !    
only condition ( p>don1 & )\t !         
possession ( :i* ,god has n promis$ to  
=give ! s9s ( any "o1 no matt] :at      
outw>d duties he may p]=m4 ,= ,god w n  
=give ! s9s ( an unconv]t$ s9n]4 ,!     
symbols d1 inde$1 (t5 insi/ on !        
necessity ( fai?1 yet !y speak z ?\gh 9 
^? :o d believe1 x 0 ! sacram5t1 & n _! 
fai? 9 ! ,r$eem]1 :i* secur$ ! bless+4  
,nor d !y 9 _m passages suffici5tly     
discrim9ate1 t x is n a m]e hi/orical or
 intellectual1 b a liv+ fai?1 a fai? ( !

 he>t also1 a fai? t works by love &    
purifies ! he>t & ov]comes ! _w1 a fai? 
t involves an entire surr5d] to ! s\l ( 
,god1 :i* is requir$ to ! full efficacy 
( ! sacram5ts4  ,! ,plea affirms t !    
primitive *ur* reg>d$ ! sacram5ts z     
my/]ies2 p4 #cg4 ,b ! au?or pres5ts no  
evid5ce ( ?is fact f ,god's ^w1 or !    
apo/olic *ur*2 & ! *ur* ( subsequ5t ages
 is no conclusive doctr9al au?ority = u 
z ,prote/ants4  ,! ,plea /ates3 ,he     
7,god7 is able to accompli% by ! ,holy  
,baptism1 p]=m$ 9 ! my/]i\s "n ( ! ev]  
ador$ ,tr9ity1 a "w ( reg5]ation 9 !    
he>t ( ! little *ild4 ,! expression us$ 
9 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ,art4 ,,ii41 
is1 reg5]at$ by baptism & ! ,holy ,gho/1
 7,john iii4 #e47 ,?is doctr9e1 h[ev]1  
is n to be und]/ood z if ! new creation 
0 fully complet$ by new g5]ation4 ,x is 
complete s f> z a live se$ is complete 9
 itself4 ,?is does1 by no means1 exclude
 subsequ5t developm5t br\ght ab\t by    
favorable int]nal & ext]nal influ5ces2  
p4 #cf4 ,& ,*ri/1 ! ,godman1 is able to 

make u poor e>?ly creatures p>tak]s ( 8 
cele/ial nature1 7#b ,pet4 i4 #d17 9 !  
mo/ solemn rite ( 8 *ur*1 7! eu*>i/17   
:i* is !re=e communion betwe5 ,*ri/ &   
man1 9 ! fulle/ mann] possible on e>?2  
p4 #cg4 ,"h ! respect$ au?or1 by adopt+ 
! !ory t a liv+ se$ is implant$ by      
baptism1 7:e!r into ! s\l or body he    
does n specify17 & !n t ! ,godman ,*ri/ 
,jesus makes ^! baptiz$ individuals     
p>tak]s ( 8 ,,cele/ial ,,nature by !    
sacram5tal supp]1 seems to favor some?+ 
l t !ory ( concorporation1 or a physical
 union betwe5 ,*ri/ & ! believ]1 :i* is 
kn[n 9 v>i\s phases z ,puseyism 9       
,engl&1 & ,nev9ism 9 ! ,g]man ,re=m$    
,*ur* ( ?is c\ntry1 & :i* has spread a  
)]+ influ5ce ov] ! int]e/s ( practical  
piety :]ev] embrac$4 ,yet we w\ld by no 
means affirm t ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mann has   
embrac$ all ! c>d9al features ( ?is     
sy/em4 ,! objection t is fatal to x 9   
our m9d is1 t we _c f9d x 9 ,god's ^w4  
,note #a  ,we %all !re=e proce$ to      
asc]ta9 ! ,scripture doctr9e 9 reg>d to 

! influ5ce ( ! sacram5ts 9 g5]al4 ,= !  
sake ( brevity & p]spicuity1 we %all    
pres5t x 9 a concat5ation (             
propositions1 t 9 ! end w cov] ! :ole   
gr\nd1 & conduct u safely to ! sure/    
biblical results4  ,scripture view ( !  
,influ5ce ( ! ,sacram5ts4  ,i4 ,! plan (
 salvation1 reveal$ 9 ,god's ^w1        
presupposes t1 man is a fall5 creature1 
deprav$ 9 nature & practice1--t all m5  
are rebels aga9/ ! righte\s gov]nm5t (  
,god1 ly+ "u 8 righte\s displeasure1 &  
morally disqualifi$ = heav54 ,& also1 t 
)\t hol9ess no man %all see ! ,"l6 ,note
 #b ,t :i* is born ( ! fle%1 is fle%1 is
 s9ful1 & except a man be born aga91 he 
_c see ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,note #c         
,consequ5tly1 )\t a new-bir?1 an entire 
moral r5ovation1 9 :i* ! rebel lays d[n 
! arms ( 8 rebellion1 & ! slave ( s9 is 
deliv]$ f ! dom9ion ( 8 deprav$ habits1 
& becomes an ob$i5t s]vant ( ,*ri/1 lov+
 hol9ess & delight+ 9 ! s]vice ( ,god1 x
 is impossible = him to obta9 p>don or  
to be ju/ifl$4  ,,ii4 ,! gr& means by   

:i* ! ,holy ,_s effects ?is moral       
re=mation1 is div9e tru?1 ei!r oral1    
writt5 or symbolic4 ,g ye into all ! _w1
 says ! ,savi\r1 & prea* ! gospel to e  
creature2 he t believe? & is baptis$1   
%all be sav$1 & he t believe? n %all be 
damn$4 ,"h prea*+ ! gospel1 ! tru?s (   
,god's ^w1 is plac$ =emo/ 9 ! li/ (     
in/rum5talities1 & baptism is only      
app5d$ z a rite to be p]=m$ aft] ! ,holy
 ,_s1 ?r\gh ! prea*$ ^w1 has wr\ght fai?
 9 ! he>]'s s\l4 ,b fai?  presupposes   
reg5]ation4 ,h5ce1 z tru? is !          
in/rum5tality employ$ by ! ,holy ,_s 9 !
 production ( reg5]ation1 & fai?1 z     
baptism is to be add$ aft] ! great moral
 *ange1 conv]sion has be5 effect$ 9     
adults1 x foll[s t ! tru? or ^w is ! gr&
 & pr9cipal means ( grace1 & n second>y 
to baptism4  ,9 o!r passages ! mission (
 ! apo/les is *>act]iz$ z a mission to  
prea*1 & baptism is n ev5 nam$ at all4  
,jesus orda9$ ! twelve1 we are told1 t  
!y might be ) him1 & t he might s5d !m  
=? to prea*1 c42 ,m>k iii4 #ad1 #ae4 ,& 

,paul ev5 ?anks ,god1 9 8 epi/le to !   
,cor9?ians1 ,note #d t he _h baptiz$    
none ( !m save ,crispus & ,caius1 &     
adds3 ,= ,*ri/ s5t me1 n to baptise1 b  
to prea* ! gospel4 ,paul1 !re=e1 c]ta9ly
 reg>d$ prea*+ z f> m important ?an     
baptism4 ,( ! apo/les1 ,luke in=ms u1 !y
 daily 9 ! temple & 9 e h\se1 ceas$ n to
 tea* & prea* ,jesus ,*ri/2 ,acts v4    
#da1 #db4 ,& 9 ord] to ga9 m "t = _!    
great "w1 !y appo9t$ deacons to att5d at
 tables1 t !y might give !mselves       
cont9ually to pray] & ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w1 
b !y say no?+ ( baptism & ! ,"l's       
,supp]4 ,paul expressly tells ! ,romans 
7x4 #ac-ae17 t fai? comes by he>+ 7n by 
baptism72 & to ! ,cor9?ians he says1 ,= 
9 ,*ri/1 ,jesus ,i h begott5 y1 ?r\gh ! 
gospel4 #a ,cor4 iv4 #ae4 ,we are       
reg5]at$ by ! incorruptible se$ ( ! ^w4 
,note #e ,we are sanctifi$ by ! tru?4 ,9
 %ort1 our call1 ,note #f our           
convictions1 ,note #g reg5]ation1 our   
fai?1 our sanctification1 ,note #h our  
pres]vation ,note #i & salvation1 ,note 

#aj are all produc$ by ! ^w or tru?1 & x
 mu/ be ! gr& means ( grace4 ,note #aa  
,?is tru?1 conta9$ 9 ,god's ,^w1 is     
!re=e fully adequate to ! production (  
all ! progressive *anges1 by :i* we pass
 f ! condition ( ! c>eless s9n] to t ( !
 advanc$ & sanctifi$ believ]4  ,,iii4 ,!
 /age ( progress 9 ?is moral r5ovation  
:i* 9 requisite be=e ! return+ s9n] is  
morally qualifi$ = p>don or             
ju/ification1 is t impli$ by a liv+     
fai?4 ,?is ju/ify+ fai? may be def9$ to 
be1 t volunt>y act ( ! illum9at$ &      
evangelically p5it5t s9n]1 by :i* he    
confides 9 ! m]cy ( ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/ =  
salvation1 on ! t]ms (f]$ 9 ! gospel4   
,note #ab ,a m hi/orical fai? implies no
 su* prep>ation1 nor ! m intellectual   
belief ( ! reality & tru? ( ! /atem5ts (
 ,god's ,^w1 :il/ ! he>t is e/rang$ f   
him2 = ) su* a fai? ! devils believe &  
tremble b rema9 devils /ill4 ,nor does !
 /ate ( ! convict$1 or p5it5t1 or seek+1
 b yet unconv]t$ s9n]s furni% su* moral 
prep>ation to receive p>don4 ,evid5tly  

no?+ %ort ( liv+ fai? w satisfy !       
repres5tations ( ,god's ,^w & ! nature (
 ! case4 ,:5ev] ! return+ s9n] ex]cises 
! fir/ act ( ?is liv+ fai?1 he is       
ju/ifi$1 t is1 !n ,god p]=ms t judicial 
or =5sic act1 by :i* a believ+ s9n]1 9  
consid]ation ( ! m]its ( ,*ri/1 is      
releas$ f ! p5alty ( ! div9e law1 & is  
decl>$ to be entitl$ to heav54 ,note #ac
 ,9 ?is /ate ( ju/ification ! believ]   
cont9ues ?r\gh life1 unless he by       
volunt>y transgression falls f a /ate1 (
 grace & becomes a backslid]4  ,,iv4 ,! 
evid5ce ( ?is p>don or ju/ification1 to 
! believ] himself1 is )9 8 own he>t3--  
7a7 ,x is t peace ( ,god1 or s5se (     
p>don$ s91 wr\ght 9 ! s\l by ! ,holy    
,_s4 ,be+ ju/ifi$ by fai?1 we h peace ) 
,god1 ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,rom4 
v4 #a4  7b7 ,! love ( ,god %$ abroad 9  
our he>ts by ! ,holy ,gho/ :i* is giv5  
unto u4 ,note #ad  7c7 ,x is ! te/imony 
( ! ,_s be>+ witness ) our spirits t we 
are *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,note #ae ,he t      
believe? ha? ! witness 9 himself4 ,note 

#af  7d7 ,x is ! fruit ( ! ,_s1 exhibit$
 9 ! believ]'s life1 :i* is love1 joy1  
peace1 long-suff]+1 g5tl5ess1 goodness1 
fai?1 meekness1 temp]ance4 ,note #ag    
7c7 ,x is be+ l$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 = !n1 
says ! apo/le1 sic on punctuation !y are
 ! sons ( ,god4 ,note #ah  ,all ^!      
evid5ces presuppose or involve t great  
*ange ( he>t & life1 t]m$ by ! ,savi\r  
new bir?1 by :i* ! s9n] becomes morally 
qualifi$ = t p>don1 pur*as$ by ! blood (
 ,*ri/1 & appropriate to ! believ] by 8 
fai?4 ,b no outw>d rites necess>ily     
imply su* moral prep>ation1 & h5ce !y   
c\ld n be ! conditions ( ju/ification1  
accord+ to ! analogy ( ,god's ,^w4  ,v4 
,h5ce ! sacram5ts1 baptism & ! ,"l's    
,supp]1 are n ! imm$iate conditions or  
means ( p>don or ju/ification2 b !y are 
means ( grace1 l ! ,^w ( ,god1 & seals (
 grace to all wor?y recipi5ts4 ,!y h an 
intr9sic efficacy by virtue ( ! tru?s   
symbolically repres5t$ by !m1 & an      
additional specific efficacy 9 virtue ( 
_! peculi> nature1 9 connexion ) !      

influ5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s1 to awak51 conv]t
 & sanctify ! s\l4 ,! di/+ui%$ ,lu!ran  
div9e1 ,dr4 ,baumg>t51 speak+ ( adult   
receiv]s ( ^! ord9ances1 ?us expresses 8
 view3 ,! sacram5ts /& 9 ! same relation
 to ^! influ5ces1 7namely1 ^? ( cov5ant 
grace17 z does ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,h5ce !y   
are also call$ ! visible ^w ( ,god1     
v]bum visible2 because ! (f] ( _!       
re=matory1 *ang+ & re/or+ influ5ce is   
univ]sal1 & rea*es e recipi5t ( ^!      
ord9ances2 b its actual communication & 
full effect take place only 9 ^?1 :o    
p]mit !mselves to be made susceptible ( 
x4 ,note #ai ,9 reg>d to *ildr51 h[ev]1 
he ) equal propriety adds1 t ! bless+s  
:i* baptism conf]s on !m1 are be/[$     
irrespectively ( any action ( _! own4   
,^! sacram5ts1 h[ev]1 d n necess>ily    
prove ! exi/5ce ( any p>ticul> progress 
9 ! "w ( conv]sion1 or any def9ite /ate 
( m9d1 except1 a g5]al disposition to   
seek ! ,"l1 :i* is impli$ 9 ! will+ness 
to att5d on ^! ord9ances4 ,!y _c !re=e  
be ! condition ( p>don or ju/ification4 

,^! influ5ces1 l ^? ( ! tru?1 may be    
resi/$1 & dep5d = _! success on !       
disposition ( ! recipi5t2 !y d n act ex 
op]e op]ato4 ,! special influ5ce ( !    
sacram5ts1 s f> z kn[n1 is ! same 9 k9d 
z t ( ! tru?4  ,t ! sacram5ts are n     
,,immm$iate conditions ( p>don or       
ju/ification1 is evid5t1 f a multitude (
 consid]ations4  #a4 ,if ! s9c]e        
reception ( ! sacram5ts actually secures
 p>don or ju/ification p] se1           
imm$iately1 )\t ! int]v5+ in/rum5tality 
( a liv+ fai?1 !n fai? is n ! only      
condition ( ju/ification z ! scriptures 
tea*1 b we are ju/ifi$ ei!r by fai?1 or 
by ! sacram5ts1 & !n !re w be ?ree      
conditions ( ju/ification1 fai?1        
baptism1 & ! ,"l's ,supp]6 ,= ?\s&s     
receive ! eu*>i/ s9c]ely1 :o are        
unreg5]ate1 & h n a liv+ fai?4  #b4     
,because no s9n] is morally qualifi$ =  
p>don1 until he has be5 reg5]at$1 & has 
consecrat$ himself to ! s]vice ( ,god2 b
 multitudes receive ! sacram5t :o are   
unreg5]ate1 & :o !re=e _c be ju/ifi$ or 

p>don$1 ev5 by ! s9c]e reception ( !    
sacram5ts4 ,h5ce z ! reception ( !      
sacram5ts is no c]ta9 pro( ( p>don1 x _c
 be ! imm$iate condition ( x4  #c4 ,!   
sacram5ts are n imm$iate conditions (   
ju/ification or p>don1 because previ\s  
fai? is requir$ 9 ! recipi5ts ( ea* (   
!m4 ,he t believe? & is baptis$1 %all be
 sav$1 ,note #bj says ! great ,r$eem]2 b
 he t believe? n %all be damn$4 ,b if "s
 may be baptis$ :o are de/itute ( fai?1 
!n ! exi/5ce ( fai? is n necess>ily     
involv$ 9 baptism4 ,& z baptism )\t fai?
 does n rescue ! s\l f damnation1 x     
evid5tly _c be ! imm$iate or c]ta9      
condition ( p>don2 = if ! imm$iate      
condition ( a bless+ is p]=m$1 t bless+ 
mu/ be conf]r$4 ,& s9ce previ\s fai? is 
requir$ 9 baptism1 & none b ! baptis$   
are admitt$ to ! ,"l's ,supp]1 x is     
evid5t t fai? is also requir$ (         
communicants4  #d4 ,t !y are n imm$iate 
conditions ( p>don1 is evid5t1 because !
 same tru?s :i* ! sacram5ts inculcate1 d
 n :5 taught orally or 9 ,god's ^w1     

inv>iably or necess>ily secure ! p>don  
or ju/ification ( all att5tive he>]s4 ,!
 result ( ! prop] use ( ! tru? prea*$ or
 read1 is inv>iably ! spiritual         
advancem5t ( ! s9n]1 :atev] ! /age ( 8  
progress may be4 ,& su* appe>s to be !  
op]ation ( ! sacram5ts4 ,z x is absurd  
to affirm t ea* s]mon prea*$1 w conv]t  
or affect ! p>don ( e s9n] :o att5tively
 he>s x2 s x 7 equally gratuit\s to     
affirm ! same ( ! sacram5ts4 ,if ! s9n] 
_h be5 on ! v]ge ( reg5]ation & fai?    
be=e he he>d ! s]mon 9 "q1 & ! he>+ ( t 
disc\rse complet$ ! *ange1 ! result     
might be affirm$ ( ! la/ s]mon :i*      
prec$$ 8 fai?1 b n ( its pr$ecessors2 & 
s also ( ! sacram5ts z means ( grace4 ,e
 s]mon att5tively he>d w b5efit all :o  
?us he> x4 ,b :e!r x w produce          
conviction1 or p5it5ce1 or fai?1 or a   
s5se ( p>don$ s91 dep5ds on ! recipi5t's
 previ\s /age ( progress 9 ! div9e life4
  #e4 ,if ! sacram5ts 7 possess$ ( a    
s9-=giv+ p[]1 9 su* a s5se1 z to be !   
imm$iate conditions ( p>don or          

ju/ification1 !n ! s9n] w\ld be dep5d5t 
= p>don on ! sacram5ts1 & on ! cl]gyman 
:o adm9i/]s !m1 & n imm$iately on ! ,_s 
( ,god4 ,b ?is w\ld virtually be "o ( ! 
mo/ dang]\s features ( ,puseyism &      
,romanism1 by :i* ! m9i/] is ?ru/ 9     
betwe5 ! p5it5t1 s9n] & 8 ,god1 & !     
prie/ is elevat$ to ! position ( !      
disp5s] ( p>don1 hold+ 9 8 h& ! keys ( !
 k+dom ( heav54 ,n[ x is inde$ flatt]+  
to ! frail he>t ( ! m9i/] 7= we are all 
m]e m57 to f9d himself elevat$ to su* an
 exalt$ po/1 to /& 7z ! ,papi/s say ( _!
 prie/7 9 ! place ( ,god1 & h 8 :ole    
congregation look to him = ! p>don ( s91
 9 private confession & ! sacram5ts2 &  
?is may possibly be "o ( ! reasons :y   
?is ,puseyite1 semi-,romi% sy/em is m   
popul> ) ! cl]gy ?an ) ! laity4 ,b      
,prote/ant m9i/]s %\ld nev] =get1 t !   
,savi\r himself ass]t$ x z 8 peculi>    
*>act]i/ic1 t ! ,son ( man ha? p[] ^u   
e>? to =give s94 ,m>k ii4 #g4  #f4  ,t !
 sacram5ts are n ! necess>y or c]ta9    
conditions ( p>don1 is evid5t1 also1 f !

 fact1 t "s1 z ! ?ief ^u ! cross1 7 sav$
 )\t !m aft] _! in/itution1 :il/ o!rs :o
 _h p>tak5 ( !m 7 lo/1 ( :i* ,judas &   
,simon ,magus are examples4  #g4 ,t !   
sacram5ts are n imm$iate conditions (   
p>don is f9ally evid5t f ! decl>ation ( 
! apo/le ,pet]1 ,! l figure :]eunto     
baptism do? n[ save u2 n ! putt+ away ( 
! fil? ( ! fle%1 t is1 n ! m]e outw>d   
rite ( apply+ ! wat]1 b ! answ] ( a good
 consci5ce t[>d ,god4 ,note #ba t is1 ! 
fai?ful p]=mance ( ! duties to :i* our  
,*ri/ian pr(ession1 made 9 baptism1     
obligat$ u1 by keep+ a consci5ce void ( 
(f5ce be=e ,god & man4  ,f all ?is1 x is
 v cle>1 t :il/ ! sacram5ts are div9ely 
appo9t$ z means & seals ( grace1 !y     
op]ate l div9e tru?1 ei!r oral or       
writt51 by promot+ t great *ange ( he>t1
 )\t :i* no man c see ,god3 t :]e !y are
 receiv$ ) a liv+ fai?1 !re is inde$    
p>don ( s9 or ju/ification2 b ?is p>don 
is ! result ( t liv+ fai?1 ! appo9t$    
condition ( ju/ification1 & n ( !       
sacram5ts1 :i* c only t5d to secure     

p>don by promot+ fai?4  ,t ^! views ( ! 
mode ( op]ation ( ! sacram5ts1 are      
su/a9$ by _m ( our able/ div9es1 is     
ev9c$ by ! foll[+ extracts f _! works4  
,dr4 ,mo%eim1 "o ( ! greate/ ornam5ts ( 
! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 expressly affirms1 ,^? 
:o possess fai? h ! b5efits ( ,*ri/     
seal$ & confirm$ to !m4 ,let x !re=e be 
rem>k$1 t fai? is necess>y to ! salut>y 
fruit & effect ( ! sacram5ts1 ?\gh n    
requir$ z necess>y to _! ess5ce 7namely1
 z valid outw>d ord9ances47 ,note #bb ,!
 di/+ui%$ ,dr4 ,re9h>d says1 ,we        
attribute to ! sacram5ts a really       
b5eficial influ5ce 9 effect+ our        
salvation1 only 9 z f> z !y are us$ 9   
accordance ) _! design4 ,?is is a       
necess>y inf]5ce f ! nature ( a c]emony 
7or rite7 9 g5]al1 :i* c only !n be (   
any s]vice1 :5 x excites ^? views &     
feel+s1 :i* x is design$ to produce4 ,"h
 ?is illu/ri\s div9e evid5tly implies t 
! sacram5ts ex]t _! influ5ce by promot+ 
c]ta9 views & feel+s1 & t ^! are !      
imm$iate causes ( ! b5eficial results1  

su* z p>don & salvation3 consequ5tly !  
sacram5ts are m$iate1 b n imm$iate      
conditions ( p>don4  ,"o extract m1 tak5
 f ! ,biblical ,!ology ( ! v5]able ,dr4 
,knapp1 ( ,halle1 edit$ by ,dr4         
,gu]icke1 may suffice3 ,! p[] & influ5ce
 ( ^! sev]al religi\s ord9ances or      
sacram5ts1 is n physical & me*anical1 & 
also n magical1 or op]at+ by en*antm5t  
7or *>m47 ,nor does ! m]e ext]nal rite  
ex]t any influ5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y /& 
9 ! mo/ intimate connexion ) ! doctr9es 
!mselves1 :i* !y repres5t1 & nev] ex]t  
any influ5ce )\t !m4 ,!re=e !y c by     
!mselves ex]t no influ5ce 9 ! case ( a  
p]son :o has no k & lively conviction ( 
! doctr9es :i* !y repres5t4 ,b ! tru?s  
:i* are !reby repres5t$ to ! s5ses1 &   
are to be appropriat$ to ourselves1     
op]ate precisely 9 ! same way1 or !     
,holy ,_s works ?r\gh !m on ! he>ts (   
m51 9 exactly ! same way z ^! tru?s are 
wont to act ap>t1 7f ! sacram5ts17 :5 !y
 are he>d1 read or m$itat$ on by any    
p]son2 only1 t 9 ! case ( ! sacram5ts1  

^! tru?s are n communicat$ by words1 b 9
 a diff]5t way pres5t$ to ! s5ses4 ,all 
t we h said 7,"p4 ,i41 ,art4 #h7 on !   
influ5ces ex]t$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 ?r\gh ! 
^w1 7or div9e doctr9e17 & 9 ! use ( !   
div9e doctr9es on ! he>ts ( m51 is also 
applicable to ?is subject4 ,= he op]ates
 9 a simil> mann] 9 ^! religi\s         
ord9ances1 ?r\gh ! div9e doctr9es :i*   
are repres5t$ by !m to ! s5ses1 &       
appropriat$ by ourselves4 ,aga9/ ! abuse
 ( su* div9ely appo9t$ religi\s         
ord9ances1 :5 _! m]e ext]nal p]=mance is
 reg>d$ z suffici5t1 7z 9 ! case ( !    
sacrifices17 ev5 ,moses & all !         
prophets1 prote/ 9 ! mo/ emphatic mann]4
 ,note #bc  ,f all ^? consid]ations x is
 mo/ evid5t1 t al?\gh baptism & ! ,"l's 
,supp] are important1 & influ5tial1 &   
div9ely appo9t$ ord9ances2 nei!r ( !m c 
be ! imm$iate condition ( p>don or      
ju/ification1 because nei!r necess>ily  
involves t /ate ( moral qualification1  
:i*1 ! ,scriptures require = p>don1     
namely1 g5u9e conv]sion or reg5]ation1  

ev9c$ by its imm$iate & inv>iable       
result1 a liv+ fai?4  ,note #a4 ,= !    
in=mation ( su* ( our read]s z pref] a  
skeleton ( ! ,puseyite sy/em ( !        
sacram5ts1 r ?an wade ?r\gh volumes (   
,semi-romi% discussion1 we annex its    
features3---  ,i4 ,t man is made a memb]
 ( ,*ri/1 ! *ild ( ,god1 & an inh]itor (
 ! k+dom ( heav51 9 & by holy ,baptism4 
,,ii4 ,t man made a memb] ( ,*ri/1 !    
*ild ( ,god1 & an inh]itor ( ! k+dom (  
heav51 9 & by holy ,baptism1 is r5ew$ f 
"t to "t 9 holy ,communion4  ,,iii4 ,t a
 dea? unto s91 & a new bir? unto        
righte\sness is giv5 to e adult1 & e    
infant1 9 & by ! outw>d visible sign or 
=m 9 ,baptism1 wat]1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 &
 ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,,iv4 ,t 
! gift may be receiv$1 9 ! case (       
adults1 wor?ily or unwor?ily1 b t x is  
always receiv$4  ,v4 ,t ! body & blood (
 ,*ri/ are giv5 to e "o :o receives !   
,sacram5tal ,bread & ,w9e4  ,,vi4 ,t !  
gift may be receiv$ wor?ily or          
unwor?ily1 b t x is always receiv$4     

,!re is no mi/ak+ ! mean+ ( ?is4 ,x is  
cle> & explicit2 b :]e9 x diff]s f      
,romanism x w\ld be difficult to tell4  
,note #b4 ,heb4 xii4 #ad4  ,note #c4    
,john iii4 #f1 #b4  ,note #d4 #a ,cor4  
i4 #ad-ag4  ,note #e4 ,see also #a ,pet4
 i4 #bc4 ,luke viii4 #d1 #aa1 #ae4 ,"h !
 :ole process ( conv]sion is describ$1 &
 ! gr& in/rum5tality is ! ^w or se$1 b n
 a syllable is said ( baptism4 ,also    
,james i4 #ah4  ,note #f4 #b ,tim4 ii4  
#ad4  ,note #g4 ,j]4 xxiii4 #bi4  ,note 
#h4 ,john xvii4 #ag4  ,note #i4 ,psalm  
cxix4 #aa4  ,note #aj4 #a ,tim4 #d4     
,note #aa4 ,v]bum ,dei e/ m$ium salutis 
efficacissimum1 quippe cujus vis non e/ 
tantum objectiva1 s$ etiam effectiva4   
,hollazii ,!ol4 ,dog4 ,,ii4 p4 #deb4    
,see ! writ]'s ,elem5tal ,contra/1 pp4  
#bf1 #bg4  ,note #ab4 ,m>k i4 #ae4      
,rep5t ye & believe ! gospel4 ,james ii4
 #ad-ag ,ev5 s fai?1 if x h n works is  
dead1 be+ alone1 c4  ,note #ac4 ,rom4   
v4#a1 #b2 iii4 #ba1 #bb1 #bc4 ,john iii4
 #ah4  ,note #ad4 ,rom4 v4 #e4  ,note   

#ae4 ,rom4 viii4 #af4  ,note #af4 #a    
,john v4 #aj4  ,note #ag4 ,rom4 viii4   
#ae4  ,note #ah4 ,gal4 v4 #bb4  ,note   
#ai4 ,dogmatik1 ,vol4 iii41 p4 #bhe4    
,note #bj4 ,m>k xvi4 #af4 ,acta ii4 #cg1
 #ch3 viii4 #cg1 c4 ,acts ix4 #aa4 c4   
,note #ba4 #a ,pet]1 iii4 #ba4  ,note   
#bb4 ,elem5ta ,!ol4 ,dog41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 
#bie4 ,qui fidem hab5t1 illis b5eficia  
,*ri/i obsignantur et confirmantur4     
,not&um ergo e/1 fidem quidem ad        
salut>em fructum et effectum            
sacram5torum1 non autem ad corum        
ess5tiam requiri4  ,note #bc4 ,biblis*e 
,glaub5slehre von ,dr4 ,h4 ,e4 ,f4      
,knapp1 ,prop4 ,halle1 #ahdj1 p4 #bib4  
,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,baptismal ,,reg5]ation4 
,9 reg>d to ?is error1 ! au?or ( !      
,plea1 relieves u f ! necessity ( prov+ 
t x is conta9$ 9 ! ,symbolical books1 by
 himself n only ackn[l$g+ ! fact1 b also
 def5d+ ! doctr9e4 ,= ourselves we d n  
?9k x taught z cle>ly 9 ! ,augsburg     
,confession1 z mo/ ( ! o!r errors t\*$  
on 9 ! ,def9ite ,plat=m4 ,b al?\gh n    

inculcat$ z explicitly z ! o!rs1 !      
sub/ance ( ! doctr9e runs ?r\gh ! entire
 symbolic sy/em1 & !re=e is ju/ly       
*>geable on x4 ,! "n is n (t5 di/9ctly  
met ) !re1 b ! ?+ meets u on _m         
occasions4 ,?is seems evid5t ev5 f !    
foll[+ few citations4  ,pro( t ?is      
doctr9e 0 taught by ! ,lu!ran ,symbols &
 e>ly ,lu!ran div9es4  ,,art4 ,,ii4 -   
,augsburg ,confession  ,our *ur*es tea* 
t ?is innate disease & orig9al s91 is   
truly s91 & condemne? all ^? "u ! et]nal
 wra? ( ,god1 :o are n born aga9 by     
,baptism & ! ,holy ,_s4  ,apology to    
,augsburg ,confession1 p4 #bbf4  ,our   
oppon5ts also agree to ! n9? article1 9 
:i* we confess t ,baptism is necess>y to
 salvation1 & t ! baptism ( infants is n
 fruitless1 b necess>y & salut>y4       
,lu!r's ,small] ,cate*ism4  ,:at does   
,baptism conf] or b5efit8  ,ans4--,x    
effects ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 deliv]s f dea?
 & ! devil1 & conf]s ev]la/+ salvation  
^u all :o believe x1 7n believe 9       
,*ri/17 z ! words & promise ( ,god      

decl>e4  ,h[ c wat] effect su* great    
?+s8  ,ans4--,inde$ x is n ! wat] t has 
su* effect1 b ! ,^w ( ,god t is ) & 9 ! 
wat]1 & ! fai? tru/+ su* ,^w ( ,god 9 ! 
wat]4 ,= )\t ! ,^w ( ,god ! wat] is m]e 
wat]1 h5ce no baptism2 b ) ! ,^w ( ,god 
x con/itutes a baptism1 t is1 a graci\s 
wat] ( life1 & a wa%+ ( reg5]ation1 9 ! 
,holy ,gho/4--,symb4 ,b41 p4 #dba4      
,lu!r's ,l>g] ,cate*ism4  ,e ,*ri/ian1  
!re=e1 has en\gh to le>n & practice 9   
baptism dur+ 8 life2 = he mu/ ev] ex]t  
himself to ma9ta9 a firm fai? 9 :at x   
promises & br+s him1 namely1 triumph ov]
 ! devil & dea?1 ! remission ( s9s1 !   
grace ( ,god1 ,*ri/ ) all 8 works1 & !  
,holy ,gho/ ) all 8 gifts4 ,9 %ort1 !   
bless+s ( baptism are s great1 t if     
feeble nature c\ld b compreh5d !m we    
might ju/ly d\bt _! reality4 ,=1 imag9e 
to y\rself a physician1 :o possess$ an  
art prev5t+ p]sons f dy+2 or1 ev5 if !y 
di$1 imm$iately re/or+ !m to life s z to
 live et]nally aft]w>ds1 h[ ! _w w\ld   
ru% & flock ar\nd him ) money1 :ile !   

poor1 prev5t$ by ! ri*1 c\ld n approa*  
him6 ,& yet1 "h 9 baptism1 e "o has su* 
a treasure1 & m$ic9e gratuit\sly br\ght 
to 8 door-a m$ic9e :i* aboli%es dea?1 & 
pres]ves all m5 to et]nal life4--,p4    
#ebe4  ,lu!r's ,l>g] ,cate*ism4  ,x     
7baptism7 is1 !re=e1 v appropriately    
call$ food = ! s\l1 :i* fl\ri%es &      
/r5g!ns ! new man2 = ?r\gh baptism we   
are born anew2 b beside ?is1 ! old      
vici\s nature 9 ! fle% & blood nev]!less
 adh]es to man1 9 :i* !re are s _m      
imp$im5ts & ob/acles1 ) :i* we are      
oppos$ z well by ! devil z by ! _w1 s t 
we (t5 become we>y & fa9t1 & sometimes  
/umble4--,symb4 ,b41 p4 #ecc4  ,9 !     
,visitation ,articles1 publi%$ f\rte5   
ye>s aft] ! o!r symbolical books = !    
purpose ( expla9+ _! true import1 & !n  
made symbolic 9 ,saxony3  ,,art4        
,,iii4--,on ,baptism4  ,,sect4 ,,ii4 ,by
 baptism z ! lav] ( reg5]ation1 & !     
r5ew+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,god saves u1 &  
works 9 u su* righte\sness &            
purification f s9s1 t :osoev] p]sev]es 9

 su* cov5ant1 & reliance1 w n be lo/1 b 
h et]nal life4  ,,sect4 ,,iv4 ,baptism  
is ! ba? 7lav]7 ( reg5]ation1 because 9 
x we are reg5]at$1 & seal$ ) ! _s (     
son%ip & obta9 p>don4-,muell]'s ,symb4  
,bue*]1 pp4 #hdh1 #hdi4  ,t ! doctr9e ( 
baptismal reg5]ation 0 taught by ,lu!r1 
& ! prom95t old] div9es ( our *ur*1 is  
well kn[n to ^? acqua9t$ ) _! works4    
#a4 ,lu!r1 inde$1 sometimes express$ !  
mo/ extravagant ideas ( baptism1 ma9ta9+
 t ! wat] 9 baptism1 0 p]vad$ by ! div9e
 maje/y1 & 0 a 7dur* goett]tes ,wass]17 
wat] p5etrat$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) ,god6     
,note #a ,he comp>es ! wat] 9 baptism to
 heat$ iron1 9 :i*1 ?\gh y see n\ght b  
iron1 fire also is conta9$1 :i*         
repres5ts ! div9e "n & p[] p]vad+ !     
wat]4 ,b we w n ent] any fur!r into 8   
extravagant illu/rations ( ! p[] (      
baptism4 ,! result at :i* he arrives is 
?us express$3 ,!re=e1 he 7?is omnipot5t 
"n or p[] ( ,god17 mu/ also 9 baptism1  
make pure & holy1 heav5ly & div9e       
p]sons1 z we %all h]eaft] fur!r see4    

7,d>um musz er au* 9 d] ,taufe re9e und 
heilige und eitel himmli%e1 goettli*e   
,m5s*5 ma*51 wie wir h]na* seh5 w]d547  
,note #b  ,9 8 s]mon on ,baptism1 ,lu!r 
?us describes ! influ5ce ( ?is          
ord9ance3--,! import ( baptism is a     
bless$ dy+ unto s91 & resurrection 9 !  
grace ( ,god1 t ! old man t 0 conceiv$ 9
 s91 may arise & g =? a new man born (  
grace4 ,?us ,/4 ,paul 91 ,tit4 iii4 #e1 
t]ms baptism a ba? ( ! new bir?1 t 9 ?is
 ba? m5 may be born aga9 & r5ew$4 ,?us  
also ,*ri/1 9 ,john iii4 #c1 says3      
,unless ye are born aga9 ( wat] & ! ,_s 
7( grace71 ye _c ent] into ! k+dom (    
,heav54 ,= j z a *ild is born ( its "m1 
& by ?is bodily bir? is a s9ful be+ & a 
*ild ( wra?2 ?us also is man tak5 & born
 spiritually f ! baptism1 & by ?is bir? 
he is a *ild ( grace & a ju/ifi$ p]son4 
,?us are s9s dr[n$ 9 baptism1 & ?us does
 righte\sness arise 9 ! place ( s94     
,note #c  #b4 ,melanc?on1 :il/ he by no 
means indulges 9 ! extravagant &        
unscriptural views ( a *ange 9 ! wat]   

employ$ 9 baptism1 by ! ,deity's p]vad+ 
x1 c41 seems h[ev] 9 sub/ance to h      
ent]ta9$ views ( ! efficacy ( ?is       
ord9ance1 am\nt+ to baptismal           
reg5]ation4  ,! real use ( baptism1     
7says he17 is taught by ^! two          
p>ticul>s1 ! outw>d sign & ! promise1   
'he t believe? & is baptis$ %all be     
sav$2' also ! words :i* are us$ 9       
baptism1 ',i baptise !e 9 ! "n ( !      
,fa!r1 ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,gho/3' t   
is1 ?r\gh ?is outw>d sign 7baptism7 ,i1 
9 ! place ( ,god1 te/ify t y are        
reconcil$ to ,god1 & accept$ ( him1 :o  
is ,fa!r1 ,son & ,holy ,gho/4 ,! ,fa!r  
receives y = ! sake ( ! ,son1 & grants y
 ! ,holy ,_s1 by :i* he w r5ew1 make    
alive1 com=t1 & sanctify y4 ,note #d    
,&1 aga91 :5 discuss+ ! subject1 (      
p$obaptism1 he ?us describes 8 view3--,9
 & by baptism ! ,holy ,_s is giv5 to    
*ildr51 :o op]ates 9 !m accord+ to _!   
measure 7masse7 or capacity1 z he op]at$
 9 ,john 9 ! womb ( ,elizabe?4 ,& al?\gh
 !re1 is a diff]5ce betwe5 ! old & ! "y1

 inasmu* z ! old are att5tive to !      
works1 /ill ! influ5ces ( ! ,holy ,_s   
are 9 bo? old & "y a t5d5cy t[>d ,god4  
,note #e  ,t ?is doctr9e 0 also taught  
by ! great majority ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$    
old] !ologians ( our *ur*1 is a po9t :i*
 requires no pro( to ^? acqua9t$ ) ^?   
au?ors4 ,z _! works are accessible to   
comp>atively few ( our read]s1 we w     
annex a quotation f sev]al ( !m1 at !   
same "t abbreviat+ !m z mu* z is        
consi/5t ) p]spicuity4 ,?us1 ,dr4       
,hunnius1 pr(essor at ,witt5b]g1 &      
subsequ5tly ,sup]9t5d5t at ,luebeck1    
,note #f 9 8 ,epitome ,cr$5dorum1       
says3--,! sacram5t ( baptism is a       
spiritual action1 in/itut$ & orda9$ by  
,*ri/1 by ! p]=mance ( :i* a man is     
baptis$ ) wat]1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & !   
,son & ! ,holy ,gho/2 & by means ( :i*  
he receives =giv5ess ( s9s1 is receiv$  
into ,god's cov5ant ( m]cy1 & is made   
p>tak] ( ! m]its ( ,*ri/1 ( adoption & (
 et]nal salvation4 ,note #g ,aga91      
,baptism is n a sign ( reg5]ation1 t is 

to take place "s "t aft] baptism _h be5 
adm9i/]$ to him4 ,= z baptism causes    
reg5]ation1 x _c be said to signify !   
same1 c4 ,note #h ,& aga91 ,nev]!less1  
we h se5 x to be ! w ( ,god1 t !y       
7*ildr57 %\ld ent] ! k+dom ( heav51 & x 
!re=e becomes indisp5sably necess>y = !m
 to be reg5]at$4 ,b ?is reg5]ation is   
br\ght ab\t by no o!r means ?an by      
baptism1 :i* we "k to be ! wa%+ (       
reg5]ation & ! r5ew+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 c4
 ,note #i ,! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,g]h>d says1
 ,! holy ,tr9ity is pres5t ) 8 grace 79 
baptism74 ,! ,fa!r receives ! baptiz$   
p]son into favor2 ! ,son be/[s 8        
righte\sness ^u him1 & ! ,holy ,_s      
reg5]ates & r5ews him1--produces fai?1  
reg5]ation & r5ovation1 & seals !       
cov5ant ( grace 9 ! he>ts ( ! baptiz$4  
,note #aj  ,aga91 ,baptism is ! fir/    
gateway ( grace1 ! sacram5t (           
initiation3 ! ,"l's ,supp] is ! sacram5t
 ( confirmation2 by baptism we are      
reg5]at$1 by ! ,holy ,supp] we are      
n\ri%$ & /r5g!n$ to et]nal life4 ,z 9   

nature s 9 grace1 we are fir/ born & !n 
f$1 fir/ g5]at$ & !n we increase1 7ix4  
#fg47 ,dr4 ,buddeus1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$
 !ologians ( ! ,s*ool ( ,halle1 9 8     
,!ologia ,dogmatica1 sic on punctuation 
p4 #aabg1 says1 ,! design ( ! baptism ( 
infants is _! reg5]ation2 9 ! case (    
adults1 ! confirmation & seal+ ( t fai?1
 :i* !y %\ld h be=e 7! reception ( !    
rite47  ,s9ce !re=e we h se5 t ! doctr9e
 ( baptismal reg5]ation 0 taught n only 
by ! symbolical books1 b also by ,lu!r &
 ,melanc?on 9 _! o!r writ+s1 z well z by
 ! lead+ div9es ( ! fir/ two c5turies   
aft] ! ,re=mation1 :o all receiv$ !     
symbolical books1 & und]/ood _! import1 
we may reg>d ! *>ge ( ! ,plat=m z       
e/abli%$ beyond contradiction1 t ?is    
t5et 0 a "p ( ,symbolic ,lu!ranism4     
,influ5ce ( ?is ,doctr9e on ! ,pulpit4  
,n[ ! influ5ce ( ?is doctr9e on !       
m9i/rations ( ! pulpit1 is ( ! mo/      
delet]i\s nature4 ,! ^w ( ,god repres5ts
 all mank9d z by nature dead 9          
trespasses & s9s4 ,paul tells u t !re is

 none righte\s1 no n "o1 = all h s9n$ & 
come %ort ( ! glory ( ,god3 & affirms t 
! c>nal m9d is enmity aga9/ ,god4 ,!    
fai?ful ambassador ( ,*ri/ mu/ !re=e    
ann\nce ! comm& ( ,god1 t all m5 e :]e  
%\ld rep5t3 & t unless !y d rep5t1 !y   
%all all likewise p]i%4 ,he mu/ divide 8
 congregation into two classes1 ! fri5ds
 & ! enemies ( ,god1 ^? :o are = !      
,savi\r & ^? :o are aga9/ him3 & he mu/ 
insi/ ^u judg+ n by _! pr(ession1 ,"l1  
,"l1 b by ! "q1 :e!r !y d ! w ( our     
,fa!r 9 heav54 ,?us :5 ! fai?ful s]vant 
( ,*ri/ repres5ts all z unconv]t$1 &    
expos$ to ! curse ( ! div9e law1 :o d n 
give evid5ce ( reg5]ation 9 _! walk &   
conv]sation2 c>eless s9n]s become al>m$ 
& feel ! necessity ( flee+ f ! wra? to  
come1 by rep5t+ & turn+ to ,god1 by     
seek+ p>don & a new he>t1 & consecrat+  
all _! p[]s ( m9d & body to ! s]vice (  
,god4  ,b all ?is ! believ] 9 baptismal 
reg5]ation _c consi/5ly sic d4 ,because 
#a4 ,if we believe all our he>]s        
reg5]at$1 7= !y are g5]ally all baptis$7

 ev5 ^? ^: life pres5ts n ! lea/ evid5ce
 ( piety1 & _m pro(s to ! contr>y2 we   
/ill mu/ believe !m 9 "s s5se ! *ildr5 (
 ,god1 z !y are born aga96 ,we _c tell  
!m t !y are 9 ! gall ( bitt]ness & bonds
 ( iniquity2 because we pr(ess to       
believe !m reg5]at$-- !re=e *ildr5 (    
,god 9 "s s5se4  #b4 ,we _c exhort !    
imp5it5t baptis$1 ?\gh app>5tly dead 9  
trespasses & s9s1 to pray = a new he>t &
 a new _s2 = ^!1 z reg5]at$ p]sons1 !y h
 obta9$4  #c4 ,! m9i/] :o believes 9    
baptismal reg5]ation1 _c ) ,paul        
proclaim1 ,if any man be 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus 
& is a new creature1 old limits are     
pass$ away1 behold all ?+s h become new2
 = 8 ungodly baptis$ he>]s are all new  
creatures by baptism1 & yet _! old s9ful
 habits h n pass$ away1 & all ?+s h n   
become new to !m4  #d4 ,he _c consi/5tly
 prea*1 t ^? :o h put on ! new man      
7,ephes4 iv4 #bd17 are creat$ 9         
righte\sness & true hol9ess2 = !        
majority ( ^? said to be reg5]at$1 or to
 h put on ! new man by baptism1 cont9ue 

9 s9 & are de/itute ( righte\sness &    
trim hol9ess4  #e4 ,he _c1 ) ! bless$   
,ma/]1 prea*1 by _! fruits ye %all "k   
!m2 = "h1 on 8 !ory1 are reg5]ate s\ls  
br++ =? ! fruits ( dea?1 good 7reg5]ate7
 trees br++ =? rott5 fruits1 :i* is z   
incr$ible z ?orns produc+ grapes1 &     
?i/les yield+ figs4  #f4 ,! believ] 9   
baptismal reg5]ation _c consi/5tly      
prea*1 t n e "o :o sai?1 ,"l1 ,"l1 %all 
ent] into ! k+dom ( heav51 b only ^? :o 
also d ! w ( our heav5ly ,fa!r2 = "h are
 reg5]ate m5 :o h ! g]m ( et]nal life 9 
!m 7by baptism7 :o d n ! w ( ,god4 ,n[ z
 ^! on 8 !ory are reg5]ate m51 ! bible  
promises !m salvation4 ,b accord+ to !  
,savi\r !y %all n ent] into ! k+dom (   
heav54  ,! apo/le ,james ,inquires1 sic 
,:at do? x pr(it1 my bre?r51 ?\gh a man 
say he ha? fai? & h n works8 ,w 8 7dead7
 fai? save1 him8 ,or we may add1 c 8    
dead baptismal reg5]ation d x8 ,z !     
apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles decl>es1 t          
circumcision is no?+ & uncircumcision is
 no?+1 b ! keep+ ( ! comm&m5ts ( ,god3 s

 z baptism occupies ! place (           
circumcision1 baptism is no?+ & ! want (
 x no?+1 unless accompani$ ) a s9c]e1   
univ]sal & irrevocable purpose to keep !
 comm&m5ts ( ,god4  ,if any "o responds1
 we d n mean reg5]ation 9 its prop]     
s5se1 :5 we ascribe x to ! influ5ce (   
baptism2 !n d n deceive y\rselves & o!rs
 by employ+ ! "n1 :5 y d n mean ! ?+4 ,!
 ,savi\r uses x = an entire1 & radical  
*ange1 & we h no "r to use x = any?+    
else4  ,or does any "o say1 by baptismal
 reg5]ation1 we und]/& an inf]ior k9d or
 degree ( reg5]ation1 ! beg9n+ ( !      
*ange4 ,if s1 !n d n mi/ake ! beg9n+ = !
 completion ( ?is great spiritual       
r5ovation2 nor ascribe to ! "o1 !       
preci\s promises & spiritual b5efits :i*
 belong only to ! o!r4  ,9 %ort1 if ! ^w
 reg5]ation1 9 connexion ) baptism1 be  
employ$ to signify any?+ resembl+ its   
prop] mean+1 its influ5ce on ! prea*$   
gospel mu/ be baneful2 & j 9 proportion 
z we use x 9 a s5se approximat+ to its  
legitimate import1 does x obscure1      

confuse & d]ange ! ideas ( m5 z to !    
great & glori\s plan ( salvation 9 !    
gospel1 :i* repres5t all m5 z ei!r = or 
aga9/ ,*ri/1 & appeals to _! works z    
decisive ( _! actual1 spiritual "*1 z   
fri5ds or z enemies ( ! ,r$eem]4  ,su*  
be+ ! delet]i\s influ5ce ( ?is doctr9e1 
x is important to %[1 t x f9ds no       
sanction f a j int]pretation ( ! ,^w (  
,god4  ,by baptismal reg5]ation is      
prop]ly meant ! doctr9e t baptism is    
necess>ily & inv>iably att5d$ by        
spiritual reg5]ation2 & t su* wat]      
baptism is ess5tial to salvation4  ,9 ! 
case ( all adults1 ! ,scriptures        
repres5t fai? 9 ,*ri/ z ! necess>y      
pr]equisite to baptism1 & baptism z a   
rite by :i* ^? :o _h already consecrat$ 
!mselves to ,*ri/1 or be5 conv]t$1 made 
a public pr(ession ( ! fact1 receiv$ a  
pl$ge ( ! div9e favor1 or ( =giv5ess (  
s9s1 & 7 admitt$ to memb]%ip 9 ! visible
 *ur*4 ,! same inspir$ records also     
tea*1 t if m5 are de/itute ( ?is fai?1  
if !y believe n1 !y %all be damn$1      

not)/&+ _! baptism4 ,he t believe? & is 
baptiz$ %all be sav$1 & he t believe? n1
 %all be damn$1 ,matt4 xvi4 #af4 ,&     
,philip said to ! eunu*1 ,if ?\ believe/
 ) all ?y he>t1 ?\ maye/ be baptiz$1    
,acts viii4 #cg4 ,rep5t & be baptiz$1   
,acts ii4 #ch2 viii4 #fb2 xviii4 #h4    
,h5ce if baptism requir$ previ\s fai? & 
rep5tance1 or conv]sion 9 adults1 & if1 
:5 !y 7 de/itute ( ?is fai? or          
conv]sion1 !y 7 damn$1 not)/&+ _!       
baptism2 x foll[s t baptism 0 n1 & is n1
 a conv]t+ ord9ance 9 adults1 & does n  
necess>ily effect or secure _!          
reg5]ation4  ,n[ t baptism _c accompli% 
m 9 infants ?an 9 adults1 is            
self-evid5t2 h5ce if x is n a conv]t+   
ord9ance 9 adults1 x _c be 9 infants4   
,! effects ( baptism on infants are     
n[h]e specifi$ 9 ,scripture2 h5ce we mu/
 suppose !m to be same z 9 adults1 s f> 
z *ildr5 are naturally capable ( !m4 ,( 
reg5]ation1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! t]m1     
infants are incapable2 = x consi/s 9 a  
radical *ange 9 our religi\s views ( !  

div9e "*1 law1 c42 a *ange 9 our        
religi\s feel+s1 & 9 our religions      
purposes & habits ( action2 ( none ( :i*
 are *ildr5 capable4  ,aga91 z          
reg5]ation does n de/roy b m]ely re/ra9s
 ! natural depravity1 or innate1 s9ful  
dispositions ( ! ,*ri/ian1 7= ^! /ill   
rema9 9 him aft] conv]sion17 x mu/      
consi/ ma9ly 9 a *ange1 ( t increas$    
pr$isposition to s9 aris+ f action1 ( t 
prepond]ance ( s9ful habits =m$ by      
volunt>y indulg5ce ( our natural        
depravity1 aft] we h rea*$ ye>s ( moral 
ag5cy4 ,b infants h no su* increas$     
pr$isposition1 no habits ( s9 prior to  
moral ag5cy1 consequ5tly !re c be no    
*ange ( !m1 no reg5]ation 9 ?is mean+ ( 
! t]m4 ,h5ce1 if baptism ev5 did effect 
reg5]ation 9 adults1 :i* we h prov$ n to
 be ! case2 /ill x c\ld h no su*        
influ5ce on infants1 z !y are naturally 
incapable ( ! m5tal ex]cises involv$ 9  
x4 ,! *ild1 on its fir/ atta9m5t ( moral
 ag5cy1 has m]ely natural depravity1    
until by volunt>y indulg5ce 9 s91 x     

contracts p]sonal guilt1 & =ms habits ( 
s9ful action4 ,if ! *ild1 by ! grace (  
,god & prop] religi\s in/ruction1       
cont9ues to resi/ ! solicitations ( its 
deprav$ nature1 its cont9u$ ob$i5ce w =m
 holy habits1 & ?is prepond]ance ( holy 
habits1 :5 e/abli%$1 con/itutes its     
reg5]ation4 ,if ! gr[+ *ild1 z its p[]s 
( moral ag5cy are develop$1 = any reason
 indulges its innate s9ful prop5sities1 
x becomes a confirm$ s9n]1 & its        
subsequ5t reg5]ation1 if x take place1 w
 be ! m /rik+1 z its *ange ( habits mu/ 
be great]4  ,baptism 9 adults1 is a     
means ( mak+ a public pr(ession1 (      
previ\s fai?1 or ( be+ receiv$ into !   
visible *ur*1 z well z a pl$ge &        
condition ( obta9+ ^? bless+s pur*as$ by
 ,*ri/1 & (f]$ to all :o rep5t1 believe 
9 him1 & pr(ess 8 "n by baptism4        
,baptism 9 infants1 is ! pl$ge ( !      
be/[m5t ( ^? bless+s pur*as$ by ,*ri/ = 
all4  ,z 9 ,adam all die1 ev5 s 9 ,*ri/ 
%all all be made alive4 ,& ,! promise is
 to y & y\r *ildr51 ,acts ii4 #ci4 ,^!  

bless+s are =giv5ess ( s9s1 or exemption
 f ! p5al consequ5ces ( natural         
depravity1 7:i* w\ld at lea/ be         
exclusion f heav5 on acc\nt ( moral     
disqualification = admission17 reception
 into ! visible *ur* ( ,*ri/1 grace to  
help 9 e "t ( ne$1 & special provision =
 ! nurture & admonition 9 ! ,"l1 to :i* 
p>5ts pl$ge !mselves4  ,! language ( !  
,savi\r to ,nicodemus1 ,john iii4 #f1   
,unless a man be born ( wat] & ! _s     
d\btless ref]s also to baptism1 :i* _h  
be5 kn[n to ! ,jews1 & practic$ by ,john
 ! ,bapti/1 be=e ! m9i/ry ( ,*ri/1 z a  
mode ( public reception ( proselytes1 :o
 7 !n said to be new born4 ,its import  
is to in=m ,nicodemus1 t he mu/ publicly
 pr(ess ! religion ( ,jesus by baptism1 
& also be reg5]at$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 if he
 desir$ to ent] ! k+dom ( heav54 ,?us1  
also1 ! words1 ,acts xxii4 #af1 ,arise &
 be baptiz$1 & wa% away ?y s9s1 7       
address$ to ,paul aft] he _h surr5d]$   
himself to ,*ri/1 & signifies3 ,arise1 &
 publicly pr(ess ,*ri/ by baptism1 & ?us

 complete y\r d$ication ( y\rself to 8  
cause1 ! condition1 on ! s9c]e p]=mance 
( :i*1 ,god w = ,*ri/'s sake1 p>don y\r 
s9s4  ,baptismal reg5]ation1 ei!r 9     
infants or adults1 is !re=e a doctr9e n 
taught 9 ! ,^w ( ,god1 & fraught ) mu*  
injury to ! s\ls ( m51 al?\gh inculcat$ 
9 ! =m] symbolical books4 ,at ! same "t1
 :il/ ! doctr9e ( baptismal reg5]ation  
c]ta9ly did prevail 9 our ,european     
*ur*es1 & is taught 9 ! =m] symbolical  
books1 x is prop] to rem>k1 t ! great]  
"p ( ! passages 9 ! symbols relat+ to   
?is subject1 are expla9$ by _m 9 !      
pres5t day1 to signify no m ?an we above
 inculcate1 & !re=e a n tea*+ baptismal 
reg5]ation4  ,note #a4 ,lu!r's ,works1  
,vol4 xii41 p4 #cci4  ,note #b4 ,ibid4  
,note #c4 ,ibid4 ,vol4 xxii41 p4 #aci4  
,note #d4 ,melan*?on's sic ,works1      
,koe!'s edit41 ,vol4 iv41 p4 #bcd4      
,note #e4 ,ibid4 pp4 #bea1 #bdb4  ,note 
#f4 ,di$ 9 #afdc4  ,note #g4 ,got!il's  
,translation1 p4 #ahg4  ,note #h4 ,ibid4
 p4 #ahh4  ,note #i4 ,ibid4 p4 #aic4    

,note #aj4 ,loc4 ,com4 ,vol4 iv41 p4    
#bfj4   ,,exam9ation  ,,(  ,,!  ,,lu!ran
 ,,symbols4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,"l',s     
,,supp]4  ,t ! doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce 
( ! body & blood ( ! ,savi\r 9 ! eu*>i/1
 is taught 9 ! symbolical books1 is     
ackn[l$g$ by ! ,plea ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4     
,mann1 & inde$ g5]ally admitt$1 ?\gh    
v>i\sly /at$ & expla9$4 ,x w\ld !re=e be
 unnecess>y to quote ^? symbols 9 pro(1 
7 x n t _m ( our read]s h n access to !m
 else:]e1 & t ! complet5ess ( our       
repres5tation1 z well z ! plan ( our "w 
require x4 ,! foll[+ passages w suffice 
to expla9 ?is view3--  ,augsburg        
,confession1 ,art4 ,x4  ,,( ,,! ,,"l',s 
,,supp]4  ,conc]n+ ! holy ,supp] ( !    
,"l1 x is taught1 t ! true body & blood 
( ,*ri/ are truly pres5t1 "u ! =m (     
bread & w9e1 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 & are !re
 adm9i/]$ & receiv$4--,symb4 ,books1 p4 
#aab4  ,apology to ! ,confession1 ,art4 
,,vii41 ,,viii4 7,,iv47  ,our adv]s>ies 
7! ,romani/s17 d n object to ! t5?      
article 7( ! ,augsburg ,confession17 9  

:i* we confess t ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ 
our ,"l1 are truly pres5t 9 ! holy      
supp]1 & adm9i/]$ & receiv$ ) ! visible 
elem5ts1 ! bread & w9e1 z hi!rto ma9ta9$
 9 ! 7,romi%7 *ur*1 & z ! ,greek ,canon 
%[s4--,symb4 ,books1 p4 #bbg4           
,smalcald1 ,article ,,vi4  ,conc]n+ !   
,sacram5t ( ! ,alt>1 we hold t ! bread &
 w9e 9 ! ,eu*>i/1 are ! true body &     
blood ( ,*ri/1 :i* are adm9i/]$ &       
receiv$1 n only by pi\s1 b also by      
impi\s ,*ri/ians4--,symb4 ,books1 p4    
#chd4  ,lu!r's ,small] ,cate*ism4  ,:at 
is ! ,sacram5t ( ! alt>8  ,ans4--,x is !
 true body & blood ( our ,"l ,jesus     
,*ri/1 ) bread & w9e1 in/itut$ by ,*ri/ 
himself1 = u ,*ri/ians to eat &         
dr9k4--,symb4 ,books1 p4 #abd4  ,=m (   
,concord1 ,pt4 ,i41 ,art4 ,,vii4  ,we   
tea* t ! true body & blood ( our ,"l    
,jesus ,*ri/1 are truly & ess5tially1 or
 sub/antially1 pres5t 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 
adm9i/]$ ) ! bread & w9e1 & receiv$ ) ! 
lips by all ^? :o use ?is sacram5t1 be  
!y wor?y or unwor?y1 good or evil1      

believ+ or unbeliev+2 be+ receiv$ by !  
believ+ unto consolation & life1 b by ! 
unbeliev+ unto judgm5t4-,symb4 ,books1  
p4 #egj4  ,we believe1 tea*1 & confess1 
t ! words ( ! te/am5t ( ,*ri/1 are n to 
be und]/ood o!rwise ?an accord+ to _!   
lit]al s5se1 s t ! bread does n signify 
! abs5t body ( ,*ri/1 & ! w9e ! abs5t   
blood ( ,*ri/1 b on acc\nt ( _!         
sacram5tal union1 t ! bread & w9e ,,are 
truly ! body & blood ( ,*ri/4 7,sond]n  
dass es wahrhaftig um sacram5tli*]      
,e9igkeit will5 d] ,leib und ,blut      
,*ri/i sei4 ,s$ ut propt] sacram5talem  
unionem panis et v9um v]e s9t corpus et 
sanguis ,*ri/i47--,idem41 p4 #ega4  ,we 
believe1 tea*1 & confess1 t n only !    
truly believ+ & ! wor?y1 b also !       
unwor?y & ! unbeliev+1 receive ! true   
body & blood ( ,*ri/4-,page #egb4  ,9   
addition to ! above cle> passages1      
inconte/ably tea*+ ! real pres5ce1 x    
des]ves to be ev] rememb]$1 t only      
f\rte5 ye>s aft] ! ,=m ( ,concord 0     
publi%$1 :5 ,duke ,fr$]ick ,william1    

dur+ ! m9ority ( ,*ri/ian ,,ii41 publi%$
 ! ,,visitation ,,articles ,,( ,,saxony1
 9 #aeid1 9 ord] to suppress !          
,melanc?onian t5d5cies to reject ?is &  
o!r peculi>ities ( ! symbols1 ! ,article
 on ?is subject :i* 0 fram$ by m5       
confess$ly adh]+ to ! old symbols1 &    
design+ to re-enunciate _! true import1 
& :i* 0 en=c$ ^u ! :ole *ur* 9 ,saxony z
 symbolic1 gives ! mo/ objectionable    
view ( ?is doctr9e1 viz43 ,i4 ',! pure  
doctr9e ( our *ur* is1 t ! words1 ',take
 & eat1 ?is is my body3 dr9k1 ?is is my 
blood1 are to be und]/ood simply &      
accord+ to ! lett]4' ,,ii4 ,t ! body    
7:i* is receiv$ & eat517 is ! prop] &   
natural body 7d] re*te natu]li*e ,leib7 
( ,*ri/1 :i* hung ^u ! cross2 & ! blood 
7:i* is drunk7 is ! prop] & natural     
blood 7das re*te natu]li*e ,blut7 :i*   
fl[$ f ! side ( ,*ri/4' ,muell]'s ,symb4
 ,books1 p4 #hdg4 ,n[ we _c p]suade     
ourselves1 t ?is is ! view ( a s+le     
m9i/] ( ! ,g5]al ,synod1 or ( _m out (  
x2 & yet ^! are ! views t ^? are        

obligat$ to receive1 :o av[ implicit    
allegiance to ! =m] symbolical books (  
our *ur* 9 ,europe4 ,if any adopt !     
modification receiv$ by _m ( our        
di/+ui%$ div9es1 su* z ,re9h>d ,/orr1   
,knapp1 & o!rs1 !y d n fai?fully embrace
 ! symbolical doctr9e1 & _c fairly      
pr(ess to d s4  ,9 reg>d to ! argum5ts  
aga9/ ?is view ( ! mode ( ! ,savi\r's   
pres5ce1 we %all m]ely add an enum]ation
 ( ! pr9cipal1 & ref] ! read] = a m full
 & detail$ discussion ( ! subject to    
,disc\rse ,,iv4 conta9$ 9 our ,hi/ory ( 
! ,am]ican ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 pp4 #abj to   
#aed1 #e? edition4  ,! ,re=m]s ju/ly    
reject$ ! ,romi% error1 t ! bread & w9e 
7 trans=m$ & transub/antiat$ into ! body
 & blood ( ,*ri/4 ,b !y /ill adh]$ to ! 
op9ion1 t ! real body & blood ( !       
,savi\r are pres5t at ! ,eu*>i/1 9 "s   
my/]i\s way1 & are receiv$ by ! mon? ( e
 communicant1 wor?y & unwor?y4 ,?is view
 ( ! subject appe>s inconsi/5t ) ! ,^w (
 ,god1 = v>i\s reasons3-  7a7 ,:5 ,*ri/ 
utt]$ ! words1 ?is 7bread7 is my body1 8

 body 0 n yet dead1 b liv+ & recl9+1 at 
_! side at ! table4 ,x 0 !re=e c]ta9ly n
 receiv$ by !m into _! m\?s4 ,! language
 mu/1 !re=e1 h be5 figurative1 su* z    
,jesus 0 accu/om$ (t5 to employ4 ,?us1  
:5 he said1 ,i am ! door ,john x4 #i1 he
 c]ta9ly does n mean a lit]al door1 su* 
z a door ( wood or /one or brass or (   
any o!r mat]ial4 ,he means t !          
acceptance ( ! atonem5t & m$iation by ! 
s9n] is ! appo9t$ condition ( salvation 
to him4 ,?us also :5 he says1 ,i am !   
true v9e ,john xv4 #a2 or ,! field is ! 
_w1 ,! se$ is ! ^w1 c41 he evid5tly is  
speak+ figuratively & communicat+       
important moral tru?1 by images drawn f 
physical nature1 z is naturally done by 
ne>ly all writ]s & speak]s ( all ages & 
9 all languages4  7b7 ,! bless$ ,savi\r 
himself exhorts u1 ,d ?is 9 remembrance 
( me2 b we c rememb] only t :i* is pa/ &
 abs5t4 ,h5ce :5 he admoni%es u to d ?is
 9 remembrance ( him1 he tea*es u1 t he 
is n p]sonally or bodily pres5t at !    
eu*>i/ic celebration4  7c7 ,paul also   

repres5ts ! design ( ?is ord9ance to be1
 ,to %[ or publi% ! ,"l's dea?1 until he
 comes4 ,b ! ,"l's dea? ^u ! cross      
occurr$ ab\t eighte5 hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s
 ago4 ,!re=e1 accord+ to ,paul1 ! object
 ( ! holy supp] is to commemorate a pa/ 
ev5t1 & n a pres5t p]son4  7d7 ,!       
doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce ( ! true body &
 blood ( ,*ri/1 contradicts ! cle> &    
indisputable te/imony ( our s5ses1 = z !
 body & blood are to be receiv$ by ! m\?
 ( ! communicant1 !y mu/ be circumscrib$
 by space1 & ! reception mu/ be a local 
& mat]ial "o1 :i* if x did occur at     
sacram5tal occasions1 c\ld be obs]v$ by 
! s5ses4  7e7 ,x contradicts !          
obs]vation ( all nations & all ages1 t e
 body or mat]ial sub/ance mu/ occupy a  
def9ite portion ( space1 & _c be at m   
?an "o place at ! same "t4  ,= ^! & o!r 
reasons ! great mass ( our m9i/]s &     
*ur*es1 connect$ ) ! ,g5]al ,synod1     
reject ?is doctr9e1 z inconsi/5t ) ! ^w 
( ,god4 ,! disposition to reject ?is    
error1 or at lea/ to leave ! mode ( !   

,savi\r's pres5ce undecid$1 0 manife/$  
by ,melanc?on himself1 z is evid5t f 8  
hav+ /rick5 out ! words :i* tea* x f !  
,augsburg ,confession1 & f 8 hav+ ins]t$
 o!rs 9 _! /ead ( a g5]al nature1 leav+ 
room = diff]5t op9ions on ?is "q4 ,!    
same disposition prevail$ ext5sively 9  
,g]many 9 ! latt] ?ird ( ! sixte5?      
c5tury4 ,b dur+ ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! pres5t 
c5tury1 ! conviction t ! ,re=m]s did n  
purge away ! :ole ( ! ,romi% error f ?is
 doctr9e1 ga9$ gr\nd univ]sally until ! 
great mass ( ! :ole ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 be=e 
! ye> #ahag1 _h reject$ ! doctr9e ( !   
real pres5ce4 ,dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s !  
doctr9es & writ+s ( ! ,re=mation 9 g5]al
 h be5 ! subject ( ext5sive /udy by !   
reviv+ *ur* 9 ,g]many1 & z is natural1 a
 small portion ( ! *ur*es h embrac$ !   
symbolic view ( ?is doctr9e 9 full1 & h 
become kn[n z ,old ,lu!rans1 :il/ o!rs1 
bo? !re & 9 ?is c\ntry1 h embrac$ v>i\s 
modifications ( x4 ,b ! great body ( !  
m9i/]s & *ur*es reg>d ! real pres5ce ( !
 body & blood ( ! ,savi\r1 9 any prop]  

s5se1 :i* ! words convey1 z a           
misappreh5sion ( ! ^w ( ,god4  ,!       
suppos$ special ,s9-=giv+ ,p[] ( ! ,"l's
 ,supp]4  ,on ?is subject1 important z x
 is1 especially to ! masses ( ! less    
educat$1 :o are mo/ liable to ^!        
errone\s views1 b little ne$ be said 9  
addition to ! pr9ciples e/abli%$ on !   
subject ( ! sacram5ts 9 g5]al4 ,! ^w (  
,god cle>ly inculcates ! doctr9e1 to :i*
 ,lu!r & 8 coadjutors gave su* prom95ce1
 t no "o c be ju/ifi$ or p>don$ except  
by a liv+ fai? 9 ,*ri/1 & su* a fai? is 
f\nd only 9 ! reg5]ate m9d4 ,& :5ev] !  
s9n] ex]cises ?is liv+ fai? 9 ,*ri/ he  
is ju/ifi$1 t is1 8 s9s are p>don$1 he  
is 9 a /ate ( ju/ification1 & cont9ues 9
 x1 until by delib]ate1 volunt>y        
violation ( ,god's law1 he falls f      
grace4 ,n[1 e communicant ei!r possesses
 ?is fai?1 or he does n4 ,if he does1 he
 is ju/ifi$ or p>don$ be=e he communes2 
if he is de/itute ( ?is fai?1 8 commun+ 
_c ju/ify or p>don him2 = man is ju/ifi$
 by fai? alone4 ,yet are !re ?\s&s (    

*ur* memb]s :o af=d no satisfactory     
evid5ce ( reg5]ation1 or ( t fai? :i*   
works by love1 & purifies ! he>t1 &     
ov]comes ! _w2 :o1 because !y approa* ! 
sacram5tal table ) s]i\sness & s9c]ity1 
& p]haps ) "s sorr[ = _! s9s1 believe t 
!y obta9 p>don = _! transgressions1 &   
yet /ill cont9ue 9 _! unreg5]ate /ate4  
,x _c be said t ! symbolical books      
cle>ly tea* ! above error1 b !y are n   
suffici5tly gu>d$1 & are und]/ood by _m 
z inculcat+ ! doctr9e1 t a s9c]e & dev\t
 p>ticipation ( ! ,"l's ,supp] secures !
 p>don ( s91 ev5 :]e satisfactory       
evid5ces ( reg5]ation are want+1 !      
p]sons ref]r$ to mi/ak+ a m]e hi/orical 
belief = a liv+ fai?4 ,h5ce1 z !        
,scripture n[h]e connects ! =giv5ess (  
s9s ) ! duty ( sacram5tal communion1 any
 m ?an ) ! p]=mance ( any o!r prom95t   
*ri/ian duty1 x is n prop] t we %\ld d  
s4 ,! design ( ! ,holy ,supp] is to %[  
=? ! ,"l's dea?1 to pr(ess ! "n ( !     
,r$eem] be=e ! _w1 to confirm ! previ\s 
fai? ( ! communicant1 to br+ him into   

close/ spiritual communion ) 8 bless$   
,savi\r1 & to secure 8 special spiritual
 bless+3 b n to be/[ =giv5ess ( s9s ^u !
 unreg5]ate1 h[ev] s]i\s !y may be4     
,aga9/ ?is dang]\s error all %\ld !re=e 
c>efully gu>d1 & ev] rememb] !          
decl>ation ( ! ,"l ,jesus :5 he said1   
,unless a man be born aga9 7become a new
 creature 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus7 he _c see !   
k9dom sic ( ,god4   ,,*apt] ,,xi4       
,,exorcism4  ,?is sup]/iti\s practice1  
:i* consi/s 9 a prescrib$ =mula (       
adjuration1 accompani$ by v>i\s m5ac+   
demon/rations1 by ! use ( :i* ! prie/   
pr(esses to expel ! evil spirits f an   
individual1 ( :om !y are suppos$ to h   
tak5 possession1 0 practis$ 9 ! ,romi%  
,*ur*1 pr9cipally be=e ! baptism (      
infants4 ,! rite 0 reta9$1 ) an alt]$   
int]pretation1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,lu!ran 
,*ur* 9 ,europe1 = sev]al c5turies4 ,9 !
 ,am]ican ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 x 0 nev]       
receiv$ by ! fa!rs ( our *ur*1 & is     
reg>d$ z unscriptural & highly          
objectionable1 "u ! mo/ favorable       

int]pretation t c be giv5 x4  ,z        
exorcism is n t\*$ by ! ,augsburg       
,confession1 x is also n discuss$ by !  
,rev4 ,mr4 ,mann1 9 8 ,plea4 ,b z o!rs h
 object$ to ! ,plat=m = repres5t+ x z 9 
any degree a "p ( ! ,symbolic sy/em1 we 
w adduce evid5ce en\gh to satisfy e     
imp>tial & reasonable read]1 t x 0 s    
reg>d$ = sev]al c5turies1 by a          
consid]able portion ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 
,europe2 & t ! ass]tion ( ! ,plat=m1 t  
?is rite 0 reta9$1 ) an alt]$           
int]pretation1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,lu!ran 
,*ur* 9 ,europe1 = sev]al c5turies1 7p4 
#bc17 is ev5 m ?an su/a9$4  ,z our *ur*1
 9 common ) ! o!r /ate *ur*es ( ,europe1
 is controll$ by ! civil gov]nm5t1 !    
m9i/]s & memb]s ( ! *ur* 7 nev] invit$  
or p]mitt$ to delib]ate & decide on ! "q
 :at books !y w receive z symbolical or 
b9d+4 ,?is "w ! political rul]s or      
pr9ces det]m9$ = !m1 9 consultation ) "s
 lead+ div9es4 ,/ill we may fairly reg>d
 ^? confessional writ+s z symbolical1   
:i* h be5 prescrib$ by ! gov]nm5t1 &    

receiv$ & practic$ on by ! *ur*es4 ,n[1 
if ! ,taufbue*le91  ,tract or ,directory
 = ,baptism1 ( ,lu!r1 9 :i* ,exorcism is
 comm&$1 0 ?us prescrib$ & receiv$ tr4  
note3 !re is a space "h :i* c\ld be     
meant to conta9 ! ^w by two or ?ree     
pr9cipalities or prov9ces ( ,europe1 !  
position ( ! ,plat=m is v9dicat$2 b !   
tru? is1 x 0 receiv$ by entire k+doms & 
prov9ces1 & reta9$ 9 practice =         
c5turies2 s t ! ,plat=m is m ?an su/a9$4
 ,let u fir/ he> ! te/imony ( ! be/     
au?orities ( ,g]many on ! subject1 & !n 
sum up ! results4  7a7 ,dr4 ,gu]icke1   
,note #a ,pr(essor ( ,!ology at ,halle1 
! au?or ( a well-kn[n ,*ur* ,hi/ory1    
te/ifies3 ,moreov]1 ! ,small] ,cate*ism 
7( ,lu!r7 conta9$1 ev5 9 ! olde/ kn[n   
,g]man edition1 7,witt5b]g1 #aebi17     
sev]al =ms ( pray]1 ! ,family diretory  
sic or selection ( ,scripture passages  
on ! duties ( all ord]s & conditions (  
m51 & ! ,directory = m>riage & baptism1 
all ( :i* supplem5t>y tracts 7 also     
receiv$ into ! ,,fir/ au!ntic edition ( 

! ,g]man ,book ( ,concord4 ,! baptismal 
directory 0 !re=e receiv$ into ! v fir/ 
au!ntic edition ( ! symbolical books4   
7b7 ,dr4 ,koelln]1 ,pr(essor ( ,!ology  
at ,goett+51 9 8 excell5t ,symbolik1 p4 
#eja1 /ates3 ,!re 0 a ,lat9 ,directory =
 ,baptism extant1 79 ! ,romi% *ur*17 :i*
 ,lu!r translat$ into ,g]man unalt]$ 9  
#aebc4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ( 8     
works1 ,j5a edition1 pp4 #bdh-beb1 &    
,vol4 ,,ii4 ,all1 pp4 #cjd-cbg4 ,b 9    
#aebd or #aebf he wrote ! ,baptismal    
,directory1 & br\ght x into ! =m 9 :i* x
 0 add$ to ! ,cate*ism4 ,?us x is f\nd  
,vol4 ,,ii4 ( ,alt5b4 ed4 p4 #bbg4 ,x 0 
!re=e add$ to ! ,cate*ism by ,lu!r      
himself1 & at ! e>lie/ p]iod 7( !       
,re=mation47 ,note #b ,! directory = !  
solemnization ( matrimony 0 also add$ by
 ,lu!r 9 ! #b;d edition4 ,bo? ^? ,tracts
 7 usually publi%$ toge!r ) ! small]    
,cate*ism2 & 7 also receiv$ into !      
,corpus ,?ur+4 & into ! fir/ edition ( !
 ,book ( ,concord1 ,june1 #aehj4  ,aga91
 we see t ?is ,directory = baptism 9 :i*

 exorcism is prescrib$1 0 n only !      
production ( ,lu!r1 b also add$ by him  
to 8 ,cate*ism1 & introduc$ into ! v    
fir/ collection ( ! symbolical book4    
7c7 ,dr4 ,baumg>t5 ,crusius1 ,pr(essor (
 ,!ology at ,j5a1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian
 ,doctr9es1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #cbb1 ?us    
te/ifies3 ,by means ( ! religi\sly      
en]getic language ( ,lu!r1 exorcism 0   
introduc$ among 8 p>ty1 & e/abli%$      
itself amid mu* opposition1 7among/ o!rs
 f ! ,papi/s7 9 rigid opposition to     
,calv9ism1 & z is ! case among/ u at    
pres5t1 7#ahdf17 f atta*m5t to anci5t1  
/]n or?odoxy1 & _! idea ( g5u9e         
,lu!ranism1 z well z f ! sup]/iti\s     
belief ( a magic influ5ce ov] ! k+dom ( 
evil spirits4--,! liturgic =mula 7=     
exorcism7 reta9$ 9 ! ,lu!ran *ur*1 0    
fir/ zeal\sly esp\s$ by ! populace1 :5 !
 ,crypto-,calv9i/s especially 9 ,saxony1
 rais$ opposition to x2 & s9ce !n x has 
be5 reg>d$ z a crit]ion ( ,lu!ranism1   
al?\gh exorcism is n m5tion$ 9 ! ,saxon 
,articles ( ,visitation1 & f an e>ly    

p]iod x 0 def5d$ by ! ,lu!ran !ologians 
m]ely z a free matt] ( indiff]5ce1 )    
only a figurative mean+4 ,"h we f9d n   
only t exorcism has ext5sively prevail$ 
9 ! ,lu!ran *ur* ( ,g]many1 b t z late z
 #ahdf1 x /ill 0 adh]$ to by "s 9       
,saxony3 & t = a long "t aft] ! rise (  
,crypto-,calv9ism 9 ! latt] "p ( !      
sixte5? c5tury1 adh]5ce to ?is rite 0   
reg>d$ z a te/ ( g5u9e ,lu!ranism4 ,h[  
va9 !re=e ! attempt to d5y t x 0 reg>d$ 
z a "p ( symbolic ,lu!ranism 9 "s p>ts (
 ! *ur*6  7d47 ,dr4 ,augu/i1 ,pr(essor (
 ,!ology at ,bonn1 & m rec5tly at ,b]l91
 ! celebrat$ au?or ( num]\s works1 be>s 
! foll[+ te/imony3 ,at ! close ( !      
sixte5? c5tury ! v9dication ( exorcism 0
 consid]$ a pro( ( ,lu!ran or?odoxy 9   
opposition to ! ,re=m$ &                
,crypto-,calv9i/s4 ,9 ! sev5te5? &      
eighte5? c5turies !re 0 mu* cont5tion = 
& aga9/ x2 & ev5 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury its 
ret5tion or rejection 0 n yet reg>d$ z a
 matt] ( indiff]5ce4 p4 #cej4  7e7 ,9   
,siegel's ,manual ( ,*ri/ian            

,ecclesia/ical ,antiquities1 7a le>n$ & 
excell5t "w 9 f\r volumes1 publi%$ 9    
,leipsic1 #ahcf17 vol ,,ii4 p4 #fd1 #fe1
 #fg1 we f9d ! foll[+ te/imony3 ,inasmu*
 z he 7,lu!r7 pron\nc$ ?is rite n inde$ 
z necess>y1 b yet z highly useful1 9    
ord] to rem9d ! p v impressively ( ! p[]
 ( s9 & ! devil2 x 0 n rem>kable t !    
zeal\s adh]5ts ( ,lu!r 7 also unwill+ to
 ab&on 8 views on ?is subject4 ,h5ce we 
f9d t 9 all c\ntries 9 :i* ! views &    
example ( ,lu!r 7 rigidly adh]$ to1 z 9 
,saxony1 ,wu]temburg1 ,hanov]1 ,sw$51 & 
o!r places1 a /rong atta*m5t to exorcism
 prevail$1 :i* 0 (t5 reg>d$ z ! crit]ion
 ( or?odoxy4 ,"s ,lu!rans *]i%$ exorcism
 ) a k9d ( passionate fondness4 ,9 !    
sixte5? c5tury exorcism 0 alt]nately    
def5d$ 9 "o place & disapprov$ 9 ano!r2 
& 9 ! latt] half ( ! eighte5?1 att5tion 
0 aga9 direct$ to ! subject p>tly by    
accid5tal circum/ances1 & p>tly also by 
! great *anges 9 ! dep>tm5t ( !ology4 ,!
 result has be5 t exorcism has be5      
entirely aboli%$ 9 diff]5t individual   

t[ns2 & 9 sev]al c\ntries4 ,?is1 =      
example1 0 ! case 9 ,reg5sburg 9 #agha1 
9 ,hamburg 9 #aghf1 & s9ce #ahaa1 9 all 
,sw$54 ,9 o!r ,prote/ant ,lu!ran ,/ales1
 x is /ill left to ! *oice ( ! p>5ts1   
:e!r !y w h _! *ildr5 baptis$ ) or )\t  
exorcism4 ,! au?or 7says ,siegel7 0     
himself plac$ 9 ! unpleasant pr$icam5t 9
 ! ye> #ahcf1 ( hav+ be5 reque/$ to p]=m
 baptism ) exorcism66  7f7 ,dr4         
,sigismund ,j4 ,baumg>t5 ( ,halle1 "o ( 
! mo/ le>n$ & pr(\nd div9es t ev] adorn$
 ! ,lu!ran *ur*1 :o himself publi%$ "o (
 ! be/ & ! mo/ ext5sively circulat$     
editions ( ! symbolical books 9 #agdg1 n
 only ins]ts ! ,directory = ,baptism    
7:i* inculcates exorcism7 among !       
symbolical books1 b on p4 #fcg be>s !   
foll[+ te/imony3 ,! ,directory =        
solemniz+ m>riage1 z well z ! foll[+    
,directory = ,baptism1 are f\nd 9 !     
olde/ ,corp4 ,doctr9ae1 9 ! ,?ur+ian1   
,julian1 ,br&5burg1 & fir/ ,,dresd5     
,,editions1 & also subsequ5tly1 9 !     
,leipsic & ,re9eccian1 p4 #fcg4  ,f ^!  

hi/orical te/imonies ! foll[+ po9ts are 
cle>ly e/abli%$3  #a4 ,t ! ,directory = 
,baptism1 9 :i* exorcism is prescrib$1 0
 c]ta9ly receiv$ into ! fir/ & au!ntic  
edition ( ! ,g]man ,book ( ,concord1 or 
collection ( symbolical books4 ,?is is  
atte/$ by ,drs4 ,gu]icke1 ,sig4         
,baumg>t51 & ,koelln]4 ,x 0 subsequ5tly 
republi%$ 9 v>i\s o!r editions1 d[n till
 ! rec5t editions ( ,muell]1 & also (   
,ludwig 9 our own c\ntry4 ,9 o!r        
editions ,note #c x 0 omitt$1 because 9 
"s portions ( ,g]many exorcism 0 reject$
 at an e>ly day1 z /at$ 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! 
,am]ican ,lu!ran ,*ur*4  #b4 ,x is prov$
 t ! practice ( exorcism 0 = a long "t  
reg>d$ z a te/ ( or?odoxy 9 _m ,lu!ran  
t]ritories ( ,g]many4 ,atte/$ by ,drs4  
,augu/i1 ,baumg>t5 ,crusius & ,siegel4  
,9 ^! c\ntries editions ( ! symbolical  
books conta9+ ! ,baptismal ,directory 7 
9 use1 & ! rite 0 reg>d$ z symbolical4  
#c4 ,! rite 0 receiv$ & practis$ ?r\gh\t
 ,sw$51 ! entire k+dom ( ,wu]temb]g1    
,hanov]1 ,saxony1 c41 c4 ,siegel & o!rs4

 sic  #d4 ,x is e/abli%$ inconte/ibly   
sic t ! practice 0 cont9u$ = c5turies 9 
"s ( ^! c\ntries1 & 0 b rec5tly r5\nc$  
by o!rs4 ,siegel & o!rs4 sic  ,we may   
!re=e well affirm1 t ! position ( !     
,def9ite ,plat=m on ?is subject has be5 
e/abli%$ beyond ! possibility ( s]i\s   
d\bt1 namely1 ,t ?is rite 0 reta9$1 ) an
 alt]$ int]pretation1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( !  
,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 ,europe = sev]al        
c5turies4 p4 #bc4  ,z to mak+ ! symbolic
 "* ( a book dep5d on its be+ f\nd 9 any
 p>ticul> numb] ( editions or 9 !m all1 
x is inadmissible1 because1 z ,dr4 ,hase
 rem>ks1 & ! respect$ au?or ( ! ,plea   
admits1 ! ,augsburg ,confession is !    
only "o ( ! ,lu!ran symbolical books :i*
 has be5 univ]sally receiv$ ?r\gh\t !   
*ur*4 ,^! editions1 moreov]1 h be5      
publi%$1 "s by ! civil gov]nm5ts1 & o!rs
 by private individuals2 & ! ,lu!ran    
*ur* z su*1 has nev] be5 call$ on to    
decide :i* books are symbolic4 ,!       
practice ( diff]5t portions ( ! *ur* is 
diff]5t1 !re=e ! di/9ction mu/ be made z

 to ! ext5t to :i* ea* book 0 receiv$2 &
 z x is c]ta9 t exorcism 0 9 "s c\ntries
 & p]iods ev5 reg>d$ z a di/9ctive te/ (
 or?odoxy1 !n & !re1 ?is rite mu/ h be5 
reg>d$ z symbolic 9 ! highe/ degree4    
,note #a4 ,symbolik1 p4 #ajc1 n4 #b4    
,note #b4 ,! orig9al is3 ,also von ,lu!r
 selb/ und s*on 9 d5 er/5 ,zeug5 von ihm
 dem ,kate*ismus ange ha5gt4 sic on     
punctuation ,zeug5 "h is evid5tly a     
typographical error = ,zeit54  ,note #c4
 ,= p>ticul>s see ! writ]'s ,hi/ory ( ! 
,am]ican ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 pp4 #bci-bda4   
,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks4  ,we
 h ?us f\nd ! /atem5ts ( ! ,def9ite     
,plat=m1 z to ! t5ets taught 9 !        
,augsburg ,confession & o!r ,symbolical 
books1 e/abli%$ by ! mo/ c>eful &       
consci5ti\s inve/igation ( ! orig9al    
s\rces4 ,su* are ! facts inconte/ibly   
sic prov$4 ,!y are true1 & w rema9 true1
 not)/&+ all ! ill-advis$ ef=ts to hide 
!m4 ,! ,augsburg ,confession1 & o!r     
symbols1 d tea* ! t5ets ascrib$ to !m 9 
! ,plat=m1 &1 9 ! judgm5t ( ! great mass

 ( ,am]ican ,lu!rans1 ! ,^w ( ,god      
rejects !m1 & inculcates ! contr>y4 ,all
 ! invective & vitup]ation1 n ( ! au?or 
( ! ,plea b ( multitudes ( old-,lu!rans1
 c41 _c *ange ! tru?1 = x is un*angeable
 & et]nal2 nor is x _! duty to d5y x1   
any m ?an x is ours4  ,! "q !n arises1  
:at is our duty "u ^! circum/ances8 ,:at
 does ,god expect ( u1 9 view ( ^!      
facts1 z m5 to :om ! int]e/s & managem5t
 ( a portion ( 8 *ur* are confid$8 ,z m5
 to :om he has giv5 8 inspir$ oracles1 z
 ! sure ^w ( prophecy1 to :i* we are to 
give he$8 ,z m5 :o love ,lu!r & 8       
fell[-labor]s mu*1 b desire to love     
,*ri/ m8  ,does our duty call on u to   
d5y ! tru?1 & say1 ^! doctr9es are n    
taught 9 ^! books1 :5 ! mo/ c>eful      
exam9ation has assur$ u ( ! contr>y8 ,no
 hone/ man c affirm ?is4  ,is x hone/ or
 honorable to av[1 unconditionally1     
cre$s conta9+ errors1 & !n labor to     
gloss ov] or def5d ^! errors1 because !y
 are !re8 ,?is w\ld be to desc5d to !   
level ( corrupt politicians1 :o         

pr(ess$ly def5d e measure ( _! p>ty1    
:e!r "r or wrong4  ,is x our duty to    
pr(ess su* cre$s1 !n by arbitr>y        
int]pretations to expla9 away ^! errors1
 & ?us endeavor to hide !m f ! public   
view8 ,?is w\ld be inju/ice to ! memory 
( _! au?ors1 & ca/ reproa* on !         
pr9ciples ( ! ,re=mation1 ! ess5ce ( :i*
 01 t human errors mu/ be reject$ 9     
favor ( ,god's ,^w2 & t ! /&>ds or      
pr(ess$ doctr9es ( ! *ur*1 mu/ 9 e age  
be con=m$ to h] views ( ,scripture tru?4
  ,is x our duty1 is x ! ,ma/]'s w1 t we
 %\ld try to believe ^? t5ets ( a cre$  
:i* ! ,scriptures condemn8 ,?is w\ld be 
treason to ! ,ma/]1 & be he>k5+ to !    
tea*+s ( man r ?an ( ,god6 ,yet h[ _m   
are !re f ^: lips ! phrase confessional 
fidelity 7,bek5ntnis/reue17 is he>d f>  
(t5] ?an fidelity to ,god's ^w          
7,bibeltreue76  ,is x our duty to r5\nce
 ! ,augsburg ,confession altoge!r8 ,?is 
w\ld be ! case1 if its errors 7         
fundam5tal4 ,b z !y are few 9 numb]1 &  
all relate to non-fundam5tal po9ts1 ?is 

does n necess>ily foll[4 ,z n9ete5      
tw5tie?s ( ! cre$ are su/a9$ by         
,scripture1 & embody a ri* & ample      
exhibition ( div9e tru?1 t5 times z     
ext5d$ z t :i* 0 inve/$ ) normative     
au?ority 9 ! gold5 age1 ! fir/ ?ree     
c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 & us$ z a   
t]m ( ,*ri/ian fell[%ip1 we may well    
reta9 ! cre$1 aft] 9 "s way disav[+ its 
sev]al errors4 ,& ! hi/orical importance
 ( ! docum5t1 z ! type ( a r5ovat$      
,*ri/ianity1 au!nticat$ by ! bless+ (   
,heav51 r5d]s its ret5tion desirable1 z 
f> z x has approv$ itself to ! consci5ce
 ( ! *ur*1 aft] ! increas+ philological1
 exegetical1 & hi/orical light ( ?ree   
progressive c5turies4  ,! position ( ^? 
:o ma9ta9 t g5u9e ,lu!ranism dem&s      
p]petual adh]5ce to ev]y?+ conta9$ 9 ?is
 ,confession1 yea1 z "s affirm1 to all !
 =m] symbolical books1 is utt]ly        
unt5able4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ^! bre?r5    
=get t ! symbolic sy/em1 i4e41 !        
practice ( b9d+ m9i/]s to ! s-call$     
symbolical books1 0 n adopt$ at !       

organization ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 nor at  
any "t dur+ ,lu!r's life1 nor until m   
?an half a c5tury aft] ! rise (         
,lu!ranism1 & m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury  
aft] ! noble ,lu!r _h gone to 8 heav5ly 
re/4 ,symbolism is !re=e no "p ( orig9al
 ,lu!ranism4 ,! ef=ts ( ,lu!r to re=m ! 
,romi% ,*ur* began 9 #aeag--! fir/      
regul> organization ( ,lu!ran *ur*es 0 n
 made until "s "t aft] 8 excommunication
 by ! ,pope1 9 #aebj4 ,! fir/ directory 
= ,lu!ran wor%ip 0 publi%$ by ,lu!r 9   
#aebc1 9 :i*1 al?\gh private masses & ! 
idea ( ! mass be+ a sacrifice _h be5    
reject$1 ! c]emonies ( ! mass1 ev5 !    
elevation ( ! ho/1 7?\gh n = adoration7 
7 reta9$2 ano!r improv$ "o 9 #aebf2 & ! 
,augsburg ,confession 0 pres5t$ to !    
,diet 9 #aecj2 b ! full symbolic sy/em  
cont5d$ = by "s ( our oppon5ts1 0 n     
adopt$ until #aehj1 aft] ! ,lu!ran *ur* 
_h exi/$ m ?an half a c5tury66 ,t sy/em1
 hi/orically consid]$1 is n1 !re=e1     
,lu!ran1 b ,po/-,lu!ran &               
,ultra-,lu!ran1 = x is aft] him 9 "t1 & 

goes beyond him at lea/ 9 "o po9t (     
doctr9e1 & f> beyond him 9 ! abridgem5t 
sic ( m9i/]ial lib]ty ( doctr9al        
pr(ession1 & 9 exaction ( uni=mity on   
m9or po9ts4 ,aga91 ^! bre?r5 =get t     
,lu!r ?\ght x 8 duty to re=m ! *ur* ( 8 
bir?1 & did n leave x until driv5 out by
 ! ,pope4 ,! ef=ts ( ,am]ican ,lu!rans  
to re=m & r5d] m biblical !             
ecclesia/ical framework ( our *ur*1 is  
!re=e1 truly ,lu!ran 9 pr9ciple1 inde$  
f> m ,lu!ran1 ?an to reta9 unalt]$ ^?   
symbols1 :5 we believe t ! progress (   
,prote/ant light & biblical inve/igation
 = ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 has prov$ !m to    
conta9 important errors4  ,?irdly1 !y   
=get t ,lu!r himself nev] saw1 mu* less 
approv$1 ! mo/ objectionable & /r+5t (  
^! books1 ! ,=m ( ,concord1 ! pr(ession 
( :i* !y w\ld make ess5tial to          
,lu!ranism4  ,f\r?ly1 !y ov]look ! fact 
t entire ,lu!ran k+doms1 su* z ,d5m>k & 
,sw$51 f ! beg9n+ reject$ "s ( ^! books1
 & yet are ev]y:]e ackn[l$g$ z ,lu!rans4
  ,fif?y1 sic !y =get t ! ,=m ( ,concord

 itself pr(esses to reg>d ,confessions (
 fai? only an exhibitions ( ! mann] 9   
:i* ,*ri/ians ( a p>ticul> age und]/& ! 
,scriptures2 imply+ t !y 7 n suppos$ ev5
 by ! au?ors ( ! symbolic sy/em !mselves
 to be un*angeable1 al?\gh _!           
incorporation ) ! civil law ( ! l&1     
clos$ ! door aga9/ all subsequ5t        
improvem5t4  ,a revision ( our symbolic 
/&po9t1 is !re=e p]fectly consi/5t )    
primitive ,lu!ranism2 & accord+ to !    
,congregational or ,indep5d5t pr9ciples 
( ,lu!ran *ur* gov]nm5t1 advocat$ by    
,lu!r1 & hi!rto practic$ on by our      
,am]ican *ur*1 z well z av[$ by !       
,con/itution ( ! ,g5]al ,synod1 ea*     
,di/rict ,synod is compet5t to d ?is "w 
= h]self z long z %e reta9s ! fundam5tal
 doctr9es ( ! ,bible z taught by our    
*ur*4  ,h[ !n c ?is important "w be be/ 
accompli%$1 ( releas+ ourselves on ! "o 
h& f ! pr(ession ( ! errors conta9$ 9 ! 
,confession1 & on ! o!r ( av[+ !        
unadult]at$ tru?s ( ,god's ^w8  #a4     
,%all we drop ! practice ( b9d+ our     

m9i/]s to any cre$ except ! ,bible1 &   
ref] 9 un(ficial ways to ! ,augsburg    
,confession1 z 9 g5]al a correct summ>y 
( our views ( ,bible tru?8 ,?is 0 !     
practice ( ! fa!rs ( our *ur* 9 ! ,synod
 ( ,p5nsylvania f ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury1
 till )9 two or ?ree ye>s4 ,x 0 practic$
 by t body :il/ x 0 controll$ by ,drs4  
,helmu?1 ,s*midt1 ,muhl5b]g1 ( ,lanca/]1
 ,s*aeff]1 ( ,philadelphia1 ,endress1   
,lo*man1 ,j4 ,g4 ,s*muck]1 ,geiss5ha9]  
subsequ5tly ( ,new ,york1 ,muhl5b]g1 (  
,read+1 & ! pres5t v5]able ,s5ior ( !   
,m9i/]ium1 ,rev4 ,baetis4 ,?is plan we  
always reg>d$ z too lax1 & pref]r$ !    
di/9ct av[al ( ! ,augsburg ,confession z
 to ! fundam5tal doctr9es ( ! ,bible1 & 
7 ourselves in/rum5tal 9 introduc+ its  
qualifi$ recognition into ! ,g5]al      
,synod's ,!ological ,sem9>y 9 #ahbe1 &  
h] ,con/itution = ,di/rict ,synods 9    
#ahbi4 ,/ill we h rec5tly be5 d5\nc$ z  
unfai?ful to ! confession1 by ^?        
unacqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( our *ur* dur+ ! 
la/ five & ?irty ye>s4  #b4 ,%all we    

adopt a new cre$1 to sup]c$e sic !      
v5]able ,augsburg ,confession8 ,?is is  
unnecess>y1 because ! po9ts reg>d$ z    
errone\s 9 x1 are confess$ly few &      
non-ess5tial4 ,:5 ^! are eras$1 ! great 
mass ( ,*ri/ian tru? rema9s intact1 & n 
"o ( all ! c>d9al doctr9es ( !          
,re=mation is affect$4  #c4 ,%all we    
adopt & publi% ! entire ,augsburg       
,confession1 ) a li/ annex$ to x1 ( ^?  
po9ts believ$ by ! majority to be       
errone\s1 provid+ t !y may be reject$ by
 all :o d n believe !m8 ,?is w\ld be a  
contradictory proc$ure1 fir/ to publi% !
 :ole1 & !n to reject a portion ( x z n 
symbolic or b9d+4 ,if ^! suppos$ errors 
are n to be receiv$1 :y p]petuate _!    
memory1 & af=d to ! enemies ( our       
v5]able *ur*1 a con/ant supply ( mat]ial
 to fight aga9/ u1 & r5d] ! *ur* odi\s 9
 ! popul> eye8  #d4 ,%all we rema9      
satisfi$ ) ! ,g5]al ,synod's doctr9al   
basis1 ( absolute ass5t to ! ,bible1 &  
agreem5t ) ! ,augsburg ,confession z f> 
z ! fundam5tals ( ,god's ,^w are        

conc]n$8  ,?is pl$ge we always reg>d$ z 
accordant ) ! pr9ciples ( ,god's ,^w1 & 
suffici5t = ! necessities ( ! *ur*4     
,amid ! rec5t progress ( m rigid        
symbolism1 & symbolic sympa?ies1 x has1 
h[ev]1 be5 disp>ag$ by "s connect$ ) !  
,g5]al ,synod4 ,we /ill believe x       
suffici5t1 provid$ all ! ,synods embrac$
 9 ! ,g5]al ,synod w adh]e to x2 & ^? :o
 h rec5tly adopt$ ! entire symbolic     
sy/em1 w return to x4 ,b if ,di/rict    
,synods ( symbolic t5d5cies1 w adopt !  
obligation to ! mass ( symbolic books2  
,new ,s*ool ,lu!rans are compell$1 9    
self-def5ce1 also to def9e _! position m
 m9utely1 t ! *ri/ian public may n hold 
!m responsible = ! errors ( ! =m]       
symbols1 nor _! suppos$ adh]5ce to !m   
t5d to give !m curr5cy4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,old
 ,s*ool ,synods adh]e to _! rec5t pl$ge 
to all ! symbolical books1 we pref] !   
foll[+ c\rse = o!r ,di/rict ,synods4    
#e4 ,! be/ plan by f> 9 our judgm5t is  
to reta9 ! great body ( ! ,confession   
unalt]$1 & simply to omit ! few s5t5ces 

inculcat+ ! disput$ or errone\s topics4 
,! rema9d] is believ$ by all1 & c be    
subscrib$ by all1 :e!r !y believe !     
omitt$ topics or n4  ,?is is precisely !
 ?+ done by ! ,am]ican ,rec5sion ( !    
,augsburg ,confession4 ,x's sic pr9ciple
 is to omit ! disput$ po9ts &1 reta9    
unalt]$ ! rema9d]1 on :i* we all agree4 
,on ! ?ree disput$ po9ts :i* alone are  
believ$ by any among/ u1 namely1        
baptismal reg5]ation1 ! real pres5ce ( !
 ,savi\r 9 ! eu*>i/1 & ! d5ial ( ! div9e
 appo9tm5t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?1 entire 
fre$om is all[$4 ,z to ! o!rs1 private  
confession & absolution1 ! c]emonies ( !
 mass1 & exorcism1 :i* 0 taught n 9 !   
,augsburg ,confession1 b 9 ! ,app5dix to
 ,lu!r's ,small] ,cate*ism1--!y are n   
receiv$ by any "o )9 ! pale ( ! ,g5]al  
,synod1 & are s di/9ctly semi-,romi% t  
!y are prohibit$ by ! ,plat=m4 ,!       
adoption ( ! "n1 ,am]ican ,rec5sion1    
always notifies ? read] ( "s revision1 &
 preclud$ ! *>ge ( an attempt to pass x 
(f = ! unalt]$ ,confession ( ! sixte5?  

c5tury4  ,! ,synodical ,disclaim] or    
,li/ ( ^! reject$ errors1 :i* is annex$ 
to ! ,plat=m1 c be dropp$ z soon z !    
*ur*es are fully in=m$ ( ! gr\nd ( our n
 receiv+ ! o!r symbolical books1 or if  
?is be deem$ unnecess>y1 x may be dropp$
 at once4 ,by ! adoption ( ei!r ( !     
latt] two me?ods1 & especially ( ! la/1 
by ! individual ,di/rict ,synods1 !y    
w\ld pres5t to ! _w a cle> pr(ession (  
_! fai?1 h a suffici5t te/ = ! admission
 ( memb]s1 & ! rejection ( h]etics1 &   
c\ld h>moni\sly labor toge!r = !        
fur!rance ( ! gospel4 ,we h ?us 9 ! fe> 
( ,god & 9 ! _s ( ,*ri/ian love2 b      
un9flu5c$ by ! fe> or favor ( man1      
pres5t$ our delib]ate convictions on !  
subjects n[ agitat+ ! *ur*1 aft] six &  
?irty ye>s ( /udy ( ! ,bible1 & exp]i5ce
 9 ! m9i/ry ( our div9e ,ma/]4 ,& we    
close ) ! e>ne/ pray]1 t ! ,great ,head 
( ! ,*ur*1 may employ ^! pages = !      
advancem5t ( 8 glory1 t he may conduct 8
 belov$ ,zion onw>d 9 h] m>* (          
developm5t & progress1 until %e has     

atta9$ h] mill5nial features1 & h]      
_w-wide ext5sion1 & until ! k+doms ( ?is
 _w are become ! k+doms ( our ,"l & 8   
,*ri/1 & he %all reign = ev] & ev]4     
,,app5dix4 ,,def9ite ,,plat=m2 ,,be+ ,,!
 ,,doctr9al ,,basis ,,or ,,cre$1        
,,conta9$ ,,9 ,,"p ,i4 ,,( ,,! ,,def9ite
 ,,synodical ,,plat=m1 ,,ref]r$ ,,to ,,9
 ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,"w1 ,,& ,,con/ruct$ ,,9 
,,accordance ,,) ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,!
 ,,g5]al ,,synod4  ,,preface4 ,z !      
,am]ican ,rec5sion1 conta9$ 9 ?is       
,plat=m1 adds n a s+le s5t5ce to !      
,augsburg ,confession1 nor omits any?+ t
 has ! lea/ pret5sion to be consid]$ a  
fundam5tal doctr9e ( ,scripture1 x is   
p]fectly consi/5t ) ! doctr9al te/ ( !  
,g5]al ,synod1 z conta9$ 9 h] ,=mula (  
,gov]nm5t & ,discipl9e1 ,*ap4 ,,xviii41 
,sec4 #e1 & ,,xix41 ,sec4 #b4 ,!        
,apo/les' & ,nic5e ,cre$s are also      
univ]sally receiv$ by our *ur*es4 ,h5ce 
any ,di/rict ,synod1 connect$ ) ! ,g5]al
 ,synod1 may1 ) p]fect consi/5cy1 adopt 
?is ,plat=m4  ,,doctr9al ,,basis ,,or   

,,cre$4  ,:]eas x is ! duty ( ! foll[]s 
( ,*ri/ to pr(ess 8 sic religion be=e ! 
_w 7,matt4 x4 #cb71 n only by _! holy   
walk & conv]sation1 b also by walk+ 9 ! 
apo/les' doctr9es 7#a ,cor4 xiv4 #cb71 &
 be>+ te/imony to ! fai? once deliv]$ to
 ! sa9ts 7,jude #c71 ,*ri/ians h1 f !   
e>li] ages1 av[$ "s brief summ>y ( _!   
doctr9es or a ,confession ( _! fai?4    
,su* confessions1 also call$ symbols1 7 
! s-call$ ,apo/les' ,cre$1 ! ,nic5e     
,cre$1 c41 ( ! fir/ f\r c5turies aft]   
,*ri/4  ,?us also did ! ,lu!ran ,re=m]s 
( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 cit$ by ! ,emp]or
 to appe> be=e ! ,diet at ,augsburg1    
pres5t ! ,confession1 be>+ ! "n ( t     
city1 z an expose ( _! pr9cipal         
doctr9es2 9 :i* !y also pr(ess$ly reject
 only ! great] "p ( ! errors t _h crept 
into ! ,romi% ,*ur*4 7,see conclusion ( 
! ,abuses ,correct$47  ,aga91 a qu>t] ( 
a c5tury aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 ?is & o!r   
writ+s ( ,lu!r & ,melanc?on1 toge!r )   
ano!r "w :i* nei!r ( !m ev] saw1 ! ,=m (
 ,concord1 7 made b9d+ on m9i/]s &      

*ur*es1 n by ! *ur* h]self1 act+ ( h]   
own free *oice1 b by ! civil au?orities 
( c]ta9 k+doms & pr9cipalities1 9       
consultation ) "s prom95t !ologians4 ,! 
majority ( ,lu!ran k+doms1 h[ev]1       
reject$ "o or m ( !m1 & ! ,augsburg     
,confession alone has be5 ackn[l$g$ by !
 entire ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 7,hutt]us ,r$4 p4
 #aaf1 ,sec4 #ej47  ,:]eas ! entire     
,lu!ran ,*ur* ( ,g]many has reject$ !   
b9d+ au?ority ( ! symbolical books z a  
:ole1 & also ab&on$ "s ( ! doctr9es ( ! 
,augsburg ,confession1 & our fa!rs 9 ?is
 c\ntry m1 sic ?an half c5tury ago1     
ceas$ to require a pl$ge to any ( ^!    
books1 :il/ !y /ill believ$ & 9 v>i\s   
ways av[$ ! great fundam5tal doctr9es   
conta9$ 9 !m3  ,& :]eas ! ,g5]al ,synod 
( ! ,am]ican ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 ab\t a qu>t]
 ( a c5tury ago1 aga9 introduc$ a       
qualifi$ ackn[l$gm5t ( ! ,augsburg      
,confession1 9 ! ,con/itution ( h]      
,!ological ,sem9>y1 & 9 h] ,con/itution 
= ,di/rict ,synods1 at ! ord9ation &    
lic5sure ( m9i/]s1 )\t specify+ ?o      

doctr9es to be omitt$1 except by !      
designation t !y are n fundam5tal       
doctr9es ( ,scripture2 & :]eas a desire 
has ext5sively prevail$ among/ our      
m9i/]s & *ur*es1 to h ?is basis express$
 9 a m def9ite mann]2 & ! ,g5]al ,synod 
has left ?is matt] optional ) ea*       
di/rict ,synod3  ,!re=e1 ,resolv$1 ,t   
?is ,synod h]eby av[s its belief 9 !    
foll[+ doctr9al ,basis1 namely1 !       
s-call$ ,apo/les' ,cre$1 ! ,nic5e ,cre$1
 & ! ,am]ican ,rec5sion ( ! ,augsburg   
,confession1 z a m def9ite expression ( 
! doctr9al pl$ge prescrib$ by ! ,g5]al  
,synod's ,con/itution = ,di/rict        
,synods1 & z a correct exhibition ( !   
,scripture doctr9es discuss$ 9 x3 & t we
 reg>d agreem5t among bre?r5 on ^!      
subjects z a suffici5t basis = h>moni\s 
co-op]ation 9 ! same *ur*4  ,,doctr9al  
,,basis ,,or ,,cre$4  ,! ,old & ,new    
,te/am5ts ! only ,infallible ,rule (    
,fai? & ,practice  #a4 ,we believe1     
tea*1 & confess1 t ! only rule & /&>d1  
accord+ to :i* all doctr9es & tea*]s    

alike ought to be tri$ & judg$1 are !   
,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts   
alone1 z x is writt51 ,psalm cxix4 #aje3
 ',?y ^w is a lamp unto my feet1 & a    
light ^u my pa?4' ,& ,/4 ,paul1 ,gal4   
i4#h1 says ',?\gh an angel f heav5 prea*
 any o!r ,gospel unto y ?an t :i* we h  
prea*$ unto y1 let him be accurs$4'  #b4
 ,b all human writ+s & symbols1 are n   
au?orities l ! ,holy ,scriptures2 b !y  
are only a te/imony & explanation ( our 
fai?1 %[+ ! mann] 9 :i* at any "t !     
,holy ,scriptures 7 und]/ood & expla9$  
by ^? :o !n liv$1 9 respect to articles 
t _h be5 controv]t$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,god1 &  
also ! gr\nds on :i* doctr9es t 7 oppos$
 to ! ,holy ,scriptures1 _h be5 reject$ 
& condemn$4--,=m ( ,concord1 pp4 #eea1  
#eeb4  ,,! ,,apo/les' ,,cre$  ,i believe
 9 ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 ! ,mak] (    
heav5 & e>?3  ,& 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 8 only 
,son our ,"l2 :o 0 conceiv$ by ! ,holy  
,gho/1 born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 suff]$ "u  
,pontius ,pilate1 0 crucifi$1 dead &    
buri$4 -- ,! ?ird day he rose f ! dead1 

he asc5d$ into heav51 & sitte? on ! "r  
h& ( ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 f :5ce he  
%all come to judge ! quick & ! dead4  ,i
 believe 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! holy        
univ]sal *ur*2 ! communion ( sa9ts2 !   
=giv5ess ( s9s2 ! resurrection ( ! body1
 & ! life ev]la/+4  ,,!                 
,,nic5o-,,con/ant9opolitan ,,cre$4  ,i  
believe 9 "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r ,almighty1   
,mak] ( heav5 & e>?1 & ( all ?+s visible
 & invisible4  ,& 9 "o ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1
 ! only-begott5 ,son ( ,god1 begott5 ( 8
 ,fa!r be=e all worlds2 ,god ( ,god1    
,light ( light1 true ,god ( ! true ,god1
 begott5 n made1 be+ ( "o sub/ance ) !  
,fa!r1 by :om all ?+s 7 made2 :o = u m5 
& = our salvation1 came d[n f heav51 & 0
 inc>nate by ! ,holy ,gho/ ( ! ,virg9   
,m>y1 & 0 made man & 0 crucifi$ also = u
 "u ,pontius ,pilate4 ,he suff]$ & 0    
buri$1 & ! ?ird day he rose aga91       
accord+ to ! ,scriptures1 & asc5d$ into 
heav51 & sitte? on ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r2 & 
he %all come aga9 ) glory to judge bo? !
 quick & ! dead2 ^: k+dom %all h no end4

  ,& ,i believe 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! ,"l &
 ,giv] ( life1 :o proce$e? f ! ,fa!r & !
 ,son1 :o ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,son toge!r is  
wor%ipp$ sic & glorifi$1 :o spake by !  
prophets4 ,& ,i believe 9 "o holy       
univ]sal & apo/olic *ur*4 ,i ackn[l$ge  
"o baptism = ! remission ( s9s2 & ,i    
look = ! resurrection ( ! dead & ! life 
( ! _w to come4  ,,am]ican ,,rec5sion   
,,( ,,! ,,augsburg ,,confession4        
,,article ,i4 - ,,( ,,god4  ,our *ur*es 
) "o accord tea*1 t ! decree ( ! ,c\ncil
 ( ,nice1 conc]n+ ! unity ( ! ,div9e    
ess5ce1 & conc]n+ ! ?ree p]sons1 is     
true1 & ought to be confid5tly believ$1 
viz43 t !re is "o ,div9e ess5ce1 :i* is 
call$ & is ,god1 et]nal1 incorporeal1   
indivisible1 inf9ite 9 p[]1 wisdom &    
goodness1 ! ,creator & ,pres]v] ( all   
?+s visible & invisible2 & yet1 t !re   
are ?ree p]sons1 :o are ( ! same ess5ce 
& p[]1 & are co-et]nal1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1
 & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,& ! t]m p]son !y use 9 
! same s5se 9 :i* x is employ$ by       
ecclesia/ical writ]s on ?is subject3 to 

signify1 n a "p or quality ( some?+     
else1 b t :i* exi/s ( itself4  ,,article
 ,,ii4 - ,,( ,,natural ,,depravity4     
,our *ur*es likewise tea*1 t s9ce ! fall
 ( ,adam1 all m5 :o are naturally       
eng5d]$1 are born ) s91 t is1 )\t ! fe> 
( ,god or confid5ce t[>ds ,him1 & )     
s9ful prop5sities3 & t ?is disease1 or  
natural depravity1 is really s91 & /ill 
causes et]nal dea? to ^? :o are n born  
aga94 ,& !y reject ! op9ion ( ^? :o1 9  
ord] t !y may detract f ! glory ( !     
m]its & b5efits ( ,*ri/1 allege t man   
may be ju/ifi$ be=e ,god by ! p[]s ( 8  
own reason4  ,,article ,,iii4 - ,,( ,,! 
,,son ,,( ,,god ,,& ,,8 ,,m$iatorial    
,,"w4  ,!y likewise tea*1 t ! ,^w1 t is1
 ! ,son ( ,god1 assum$ human nature1 9 !
 womb ( ! bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 s t ! two 
natures1 human & div9e1 insep>ably unit$
 9 "o p]son1 con/itute "o ,*ri/1 :o is  
true ,god & man1 born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y2  
:o truly suff]$1 0 crucifi$1 di$1 & 0   
buri$1 t he might reconcile ! ,fa!r to  
u1 & be a sacrifice n only = orig9al s91

 b also = all ! actual s9s ( m54        
,likewise t he desc5d$ into hell 7!     
place ( dep>t$ spirits71 & truly arose  
on ! ?ird day2 !n asc5d$ to heav51 t he 
might sit at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 might   
p]petually reign ov] all creatures1 &   
might sanctify ^? :o believe 9 him1 by  
s5d+ into _! he>ts ! ,holy ,_s1 :o      
gov]ns1 consoles1 quick5s1 & def5ds !m  
aga9/ ! devil & ! p[] ( s94 ,! same     
,*ri/ w return aga9 op5ly1 t he may     
judge ! liv+ & ! dead1 c41 accord+ to ! 
,apo/olic ,cre$4  ,,article ,,iv4 - ,,( 
,,ju/ification4  ,!y 9 l mann] tea*1 t  
m5 _c be ju/ifi$ be=e ,god by _! own    
/r5g?1 m]its1 or works2 b t !y are      
ju/ifi$ gratuit\sly = ,*ri/'s sake1     
?r\gh fai?2 :5 !y believe1 t !y are     
receiv$ into favor1 & t _! s9s are      
remitt$ on acc\nt ( ,*ri/1 :o made      
satisfaction = our transgressions by 8  
dea?4 ,?is fai? ,god imputes to u z     
righte\sness4 ,,rom4 iii4 #d  ,,article 
,v4 - ,,( ,,! ,,m9i/]ial ,,(fice4  ,9   
ord] t we may obta9 ?is fai?1 ! m9i/]ial

 (fice has be5 in/itut$1 ^: memb]s are  
to tea* ! gospel1 & adm9i/] ! sacram5ts4
 ,= ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ! ^w &      
sacram5ts1 z means ( grace1 ! ,holy ,_s 
is giv51 :o1 9 8 own "t & place 7or m   
lit]ally1 :5 & :]e x pleases ,god71     
produces fai? 9 ^? :o he> ! gospel      
message1 namely1 t ,god1 = ,*ri/'s sake1
 & n on acc\nt ( any m]it 9 u1 ju/ifies 
^? :o believe t on acc\nt ( ,*ri/ !y are
 receiv$ into 7! div9e7 favor4          
,,article ,,vi4 - ,,conc]n+ ,,new       
,,ob$i5ce 7,,or ,a ,,*ri/ian ,,life74   
,!y likewise tea*1 ?is fai? mu/ br+ =?  
good fruits2 & t x is our duty to p]=m  
^? good works :i* ,god has comm&$1      
because he has enjo9$ !m1 & n 9 !       
expectation ( !reby m]it+ ju/ification  
be=e him4 ,=1 remission ( s9s &         
ju/ification are secur$ by fai?2 z !    
decl>ation ( ,*ri/ himself implies3 ,:5 
ye %all h done all ^? ?+s1 say1 we are  
unpr(itable s]vants4  ,! same ?+ is     
taught by ! anci5t ecclesia/ical writ]s3
 = ,ambrose says1 ?is has be5 orda9$ by 

,god1 t he :o believes 9 ,*ri/ is sav$  
)\t works1 receiv+ remission ( s9s      
gratuit\sly ?r\gh fai? alone4  ,,article
 ,,vii4 - ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4  ,!y likewise 
tea*1 t !re w always be "o holy *ur*4 ,!
 *ur* is ! congregation ( ! sa9ts1 9 :i*
 ! gospel is correctly taught & !       
sacram5ts are prop]ly adm9i/]$4 ,& = !  
true unity ( ! *ur* no?+ m is requir$1  
?an agreem5t conc]n+ ! doctr9es ( !     
gospel1 & ! adm9i/ration ( ! sacram5ts4 
,nor is x necess>y1 t ! same human      
traditions1 t is1 rites & c]emonies     
in/itut$ by m51 %\ld be ev]y:]e obs]v$4 
,z ,paul says3 ,"o fai?1 "o baptism1 "o 
,god & ,fa!r ( all1 c4  ,,article       
,,viii4 - ,,:at ,,! ,,*ur* ,,is4        
,al?\gh ! *ur* is prop]ly a congregation
 ( sa9ts & true believ]s2 yet 9 ! pres5t
 life1 _m hypocrites & wick$ m5 are m+l$
 ) !m4  ,,article ,,ix4 - ,,conc]n+     
,,baptism4  ,conc]n+ baptism1 our *ur*es
 tea*1 t x is a necess>y ord9ance1 ,note
 #a t x is a means ( grace1 & ought to  
be adm9i/]$ also to *ildr51 :o are !reby

 d$icat$ to ,god1 & receiv$ into 8      
favor4  ,,article ,x4 - ,,( ,,! ,,"l',s 
,,supp]4  ,9 reg>d to ! ,"l's ,supp] !y 
tea* t ,*ri/ is pres5t ) ! communicants 
9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 "u ! emblems ( bread &
 w9e4 ,note #b  ,,article ,,xi4 - ,,(   
,,confession4  ,z ,private ,confession &
 ,absolution1 :i* are inculcat$ 9 ?is   
,article1 ?\gh 9 a modifi$ =m1 h be5    
univ]sally reject$ by ! ,am]ican ,lu!ran
 ,*ur*1 ! omission ( ?is ,article is    
dem&$ by ! pr9ciple on :i* ! ,am]ican   
,rec5sion ( ! ,augsburg ,confession is  
con/ruct$2 namely1 to omit ! sev]al     
portions1 :i* are reject$ by ! great    
mass ( our *ur*es 9 ?is c\ntry1 & to add
 no?+ 9 _! /ead4 tr4 note3 bracket$ 9 ! 
orig9al  ,,article ,,xii4 - ,,(         
,,rep5tance 7,,aft] ,,backslid+74       
,conc]n+ rep5tance !y tea*1 t ^? :o h   
relaps$ into s9 aft] baptism1 may at any
 "t obta9 p>don1 :5 !y rep5t4 ,b        
rep5tance prop]ly consi/s ( two p>ts4 ,!
 "o is contrition1 or be+ /ruck ) t]rors
 ( consci5ce1 on acc\nt ( ackn[l$g$ s94 

,! o!r is fai?1 :i* is produc$ by !     
gospel2 :i* believes t p>don = s9 is    
be/[$ = ,*ri/'s sake2 :i* tranquilizes !
 consci5ce1 & lib]ates x f fe>4 ,su*    
rep5tance mu/ be succe$$ by good works z
 its fruits4  ,,article ,,xiii4 - ,,(   
,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,sacram5ts4  ,conc]n+
 ! use ( ! sacram5ts our *ur*es tea*1 t 
!y 7 in/itut$ n only z m>ks ( a ,*ri/ian
 pr(ession among/ m52 b r z signs &     
evid5ces ( ! div9e disposition t[>ds u1 
t5d]$ = ! purpose ( excit+ & confirm+ ! 
fai? ( ^? :o use !m4 ,h5ce ! sacram5ts  
ought to be receiv$ ) fai? 9 ! promises 
:i* are exhibit$ & propos$ by !m4  ,!y  
!re=e condemn ! op9ion ( ^? :o ma9ta91 t
 ! sacram5ts produce ju/ification 9 _!  
recipi5ts z a matt] ( c\rse1 ,note #c :o
 d n tea* t fai? is necess>y1 9 !       
reception ( ! sacram5ts1 to ! remission 
( s9s4  ,,article ,,xiv4 - ,,( ,,*ur*   
,,ord]s1 7,,or ,,! ,,m9i/ry47  ,conc]n+ 
*ur* ord]s !y tea*1 t no p]son ought    
publicly to tea* or prea*1 ,note #d 9 ! 
*ur*1 or to adm9i/] ! sacram5ts1 )\t a  

regul> call4  ,,article ,,xv4 - ,,(     
,,religi\s ,,c]emonies4  ,conc]n+       
ecclesia/ical c]emonies !y tea*1 t ^?   
c]emonies ought to be obs]v$1 :i* c be  
att5d$ to )\t s91 & :i* promote peace & 
good ord] 9 ! *ur*1 su* z c]ta9         
holy-days1 fe/ivals1 c4 ,conc]n+ matt]s 
( ?is k9d1 h[ev]1 m5 are caution$1 le/  
_! consci5ces be burd5$1 z ?\gh su*     
obs]vances 7 necess>y to salvation4 ,!y 
are also admoni%$ t human tradition>y   
obs]vances1 in/itut$ ) a view to appease
 ,god1 & to m]it 8 favor1 & make        
satisfaction = s9s1 are contr>y to !    
gospel & ! doctr9e ( fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,note
 #e ,:]e=e v[s & tradition>y obs]vances 
conc]n+ meats1 days1 c41 in/itut$ to    
m]it grace & make satisfaction = s9s1   
are useless1 & contr>y to ! gospel4     
,,article ,,xvi4 - ,,( ,,political      
,,affairs4  ,9 reg>d to political       
affairs our *ur*es tea* t legitimate    
political enactm5ts are good works (    
,god2 t x is lawful = ,*ri/ians to hold 
civil (fices1 to pron\nce judgm5t1 &    

decide cases accord+ to exi/+ laws2 to  
inflict j puni%m5t1 wage j w>s1 & s]ve 9
 !m2 to make lawful contracts2 hold     
prop]ty2 to make oa? :5 requir$ by !    
magi/rate1 to m>ry1 & to be m>ri$4      
,h5ce ,*ri/ians ought necess>ily to     
yield ob$i5ce to _! civil (fic]s & laws2
 unless !y %\ld comm& some?+ s9ful2 9   
:i* case x is a duty to obey ,god r ?an 
man4 ,acts v4 #bi4  ,,article ,,xvii4 - 
,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,return ,,to ,,judgm5t4  
,our *ur*es also tea*1 t at ! end ( !   
_w1 ,*ri/ w appe> = judgm5t2 t he w     
raise all ! dead2 t he w be/[ ^u ! pi\s 
& elect et]nal life & endless joys1 b w 
condemn wick$ m5 & devils to be puni%$  
)\t end4  ,,article ,,xviii4 - ,,(      
,,free ,,w4  ,conc]n+ free w our *ur*es 
tea*1 t ! human w possesses "s lib]ty = 
! p]=mance ( civil duties1 & = ! *oice (
 ^? ?+s ly+ )9 ! control ( reason4 ,b x 
does n possess ! p[]1 )\t ! influ5ce ( !
 ,holy ,_s1 ( be+ j be=e ,god1 or yield+
 spiritual ob$i5ce3 = ! natural man     
receive? n ! ?+s :i* are ( ! ,_s ( ,god3

 b ?is is accompli%$ 9 ! he>t1 :5 !     
,holy ,_s is receiv$ ?r\gh ! ^w4  ,!    
same is decl>$ by ,augu/9e 9 s _m words3
 ,we confess t all m5 h a free w1 :i*   
possesses ! judgm5t ( reason1 by :i* !y 
_c inde$1 )\t ! div9e aid1 ei!r beg9 or 
c]ta9ly accompli% :at is becom+ 9 ?+s   
relat+ to ,god2 b only 9 'outw>d' ,note 
#f works ( ! pres5t life1 z well good z 
evil4 ,9 good works1 ,i say1 :i* arise f
 our natural goodness1 su* z to *oose to
 labor 9 ! field1 to eat & dr9k1 to     
*oose to h a fri5d1 to h clo?+1 to build
 a h\se1 to take a wife1 to fe$ cattle1 
to le>n v>i\s & useful arts1 or to d any
 good ?+ relative to ?is life2 all :i*  
?+s1 h[ev]1 d n exi/ )\t ! div9e        
gov]nm5t2 yea1 !y exi/ & beg9 to be f   
,him & ?r\gh ,him4 ,& 9 evil works 7m5 h
 a free w71 su* z to *oose to wor%ip an 
idol1 to w to commit murd]1 c4  ,x is n 
possible by ! m]e p[]s ( nature1 )\t !  
aid ( ! ,holy ,_s1 to love ,god above   
all ?+s1 & to d 8 comm&s accord+ to _!  
intr9sic design4 ,=1 al?\gh nature may  

be able1 aft] a c]ta9 mann]1 to p]=m    
ext]nal actions1 su* z to ab/a9 f !ft1 f
 murd]1 c41 yet x _c p]=m ! inn]        
motions1 su* z ! fe> ( ,god1 fai? 9     
,god1 *a/ity1 pati5ce1 c4  ,,article    
,,xix4 - ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,,( ,,s94  ,on 
?is subject !y tea*1 t1 al?\gh ,god is  
! ,creator & ,pres]v] ( nature1 ! cause 
( s9 mu/ be s\ght 9 ! deprav$ w ( !     
devil & ( wick$ m51 :i*1 :5 de/itute (  
div9e aid1 turns itself away f ,god3    
agreeably to ! decl>ation ( ,*ri/1 ,:5  
he speake? a lie1 he speake? ( 8 own4 - 
,,john viii4 #dd4  ,,article ,,xx4 - ,,(
 ,,good ,,works4  ,our writ]s are       
falsely acccus$ sic ( prohibit+ good    
works4 ,_! publications on ! t5         
comm&m5ts1 & o!r simil> subjects1 %[1 t 
!y gave good in/ructions conc]n+ all !  
diff]5t /ations & duties ( life1 &      
expla9$ :at c\rse ( conduct1 9 any      
p>ticul> call+1 is pleas+ to ,god4      
,conc]n+ ^! ?+s1 prea*]s =m]ly said v   
little1 b urg$ ! necessity ( pu]ile &   
useless works1 su* z c]ta9 holy-days1   

fa/s1 bro!rhoods1 pilgrimages1 wor%ip ( 
sa9ts1 ros>ies1 mona/ic v[s1 c4 ,^!     
useless ?+s1 our adv]s>ies1 hav+ be5    
admoni%$1 n[ unle>n1 & no long] tea* z  
=m]ly4 ,moreov]1 !y n[ beg9 to make     
m5tion ( fai?1 ab\t :i* !y =m]ly obs]v$ 
a m>vell\s sic sil5ce4 ,!y n[ tea*1 t we
 are n ju/ifi$ by works alone1 b jo9    
fai? to works1 & ma9ta9 t we are ju/ifi$
 by fai? & works4 ,?is doctr9e is m     
tol]able ?an _! =m] belief1 & is        
calculat$ to imp>t m consolation to !   
m9d4 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z ! doctr9e conc]n+  
fai?1 :i* %\ld be reg>d$ z a pr9cipal "o
 by ! *ur*1 _h s long be5 unkn[n2 = all 
mu/ confess1 t conc]n+ ! righte\sness ( 
fai?1 ! mo/ pr(\nd sil5ce reign$ 9 _!   
s]mons1 & ! doctr9e conc]n+ works alone 
0 discuss$ 9 ! *ur*es2 our div9es h     
admoni%$ ! *ur*es z foll[s3-  ,fir/1 t  
our works _c reconcile ,god1 or m]it !  
remission ( s9s1 grace1 & ju/ification3 
b ?is we c atta9 only by fai?1 :5 we    
believe t we are receiv$ into favor1 =  
,*ri/'s sake1 :o alone is appo9t$ our   

m$iator & propitiatory sacrifice1 by :om
 ! ,fa!r c be reconcil$4 ,he1 !re=e1 :o 
expects to m]it grace by 8 works1 ca/s  
contempt on ! m]its & grace ( ,*ri/1 &  
is seek+ ! way to ,god1 9 8 own /r5g?1  
)\t ! ,savi\r2 :o nev]!less has told u1 
,i am ! way1 ! tru?1 & ! life4 ,?is     
doctr9e conc]n+ fai?1 is incessantly    
inculcat$ by ! ,apo/le ,paul 7,ephes4   
ii71 ,ye are sav$ by grace1 ?r\gh fai?1 
& t n ( y\rselves2 x is ! gift ( ,god1 n
 ( works1 c4 ,&1 le/ any "o %\ld cavil  
at our int]pretation1 & *>ge x )        
novelty1 we /ate t ?is :ole matt] is    
support$ by ! te/imony ( ! fa!rs4 ,=    
,augu/9e devotes _m volumes to ! def5ce 
( grace1 & ! righte\sness ( fai?1 9     
opposition to ! m]it ( good works4 ,&   
,ambrosius1 on ! call+ ( he ,g5tiles1   
c41 inculcates ! same doctr9e4 ,= ?us he
 says1 conc]n+ ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles3    
,r$emption by ! blood ( ,*ri/ is (      
little value1 nor is ! honor ( human    
works subord9at$ to ! m]cy ( ,god1 if   
ju/ification1 :i* is ( grace1 is suppos$

 to be m]it$ by previ\s works1 s z to be
 n ! gift ( him t be/[s x1 b ! rew>d (  
him t e>n$ x4 ,b1 al?\gh ?is doctr9e is 
despis$ by ! inexp]i5c$1 ! consci5ces ( 
! pi\s & timid f9d x a s\rce ( mu*      
consolation1 = !y _c atta9 peace (      
consci5ce 9 any works1 b 9 fai? alone1  
:5 !y ent]ta9 ! confid5t belief t1 =    
,*ri/'s sake1 ,god is reconcil$ to !m4  
,?us ,paul tea*es u 7,rom4 v471 ,be+    
ju/ifi$ by fai?1 we h peace ) ,god4 ,?is
 :ole doctr9e mu/ be ref]r$ to !        
conflict 9 ! consci5ce ( ! al>m$ s9n]1  
nor c x be o!rwise und]/ood4 ,h5ce !    
inexp]i5c$ & worldly-m9d$ are mu*       
mi/ak51 :o va9ly imag9e t ! righte\sness
 ( ! ,*ri/ian is no?+ else ?an :at 9    
common life & 9 ! language ( philosophy 
is t]m$ morality4  ,=m]ly1 ! consci5ces 
( m5 7 h>ass$ by ! doctr9e ( works1 nor 
did !y he> any consolation f ! gospel4  
,"s consci5ce drove into des]ts1 & into 
mona/]ies1 hop+ !re to m]it ! div9e     
favor by a mona/ic life4 ,o!rs inv5t$   
diff]5t k9ds ( works1 to m]it grace1 &  

make satisfaction = _! s9s4 ,!re 0 !re=e
 ! utmo/ necessity1 t ?is doctr9e       
conc]n+ fai? 9 ,*ri/ %\ld be inculcat$  
anew2 9 ord] t timid m9ds might f9d     
consolation1 & "k t ju/ification & !    
remission ( s9s are obta9$ by fai? 9 !  
,savi\r4 ,! p are also n[ in/ruct$1 t   
fai? does n signify a m]e hi/orical     
belief1 su* z wick$ m5 & devils h2 b t1 
9 addition to a hi/orical belief1 x     
includes an acqua9tance ) ! consequ5ces 
( ! hi/ory1 su* z remission ( s9s1 by   
grace ?r\gh ,*ri/1 righte\sness1 c41 c4 
,n[1 he :o kn[s t ! ,fa!r is reconcil$  
to him ?r\gh ,*ri/1 possesses a true    
acqua9tance ) ,god1 confides 9 8        
provid5ce1 & calls ^u 8 "n3 & is !re=e n
 )\t ,god1 z are ! ,g5tiles4 ,= ! devil 
& wick$ m5 _c believe ! article conc]n+ 
! remission ( s9s4 ,b !y hate ,god z an 
enemy1 d n call ^u 8 "n1 nor expect any 
?+ good at 8 h&s4 ,augu/9e1 9 speak+ ( !
 ^w fai?1 admoni%es ! read] t 9         
,scripture ?is ^w does n signify m]e k1 
su* z wick$ m5 possess1 b t confid5ce or

 tru/1 by :i* al>m$ s9n]s are com=t$ &  
lift$ up4 ,we1 moreov]1 tea*1 t !       
p]=mance ( works is necess>y1 because x 
is comm&$ ( ,god1 & n because we expect 
to m]it grace by !m4 ,p>don ( s9s &     
grace are obta9$ only by fai?4 ,&       
because ! ,holy ,_s is receiv$ by fai? !
 he>t ( man is r5ovat$1 & new affections
 produc$1 t he may be able to p]=m good 
works4 ,accord+ly1 ,ambrosius /ates1    
fai? is ! s\rce ( holy volitions & an   
upright life4 ,= ! faculties ( man1     
unaid$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 are replete )    
s9ful prop5sities1 & too feeble to p]=m 
works t are good 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,!y  
are moreov] "u ! influ5ce ( ,satan1 :o  
urges m5 to v>i\s s9s1 & impi\s op9ions1
 & op5 crimes2 z may be se5 9 ! examples
 ( ! philosoph]s :o1 ?\gh !y endeavor$  
to lead moral lives1 fail$ to accompli% 
_! designs1 & 7 guilty ( _m notori\s    
crimes4 ,su* is ! imbecility ( man1 :5  
he und]takes to gov]n himself by 8 own  
/r5g?1 )\t fai? & ! ,holy ,_s4  ,f all  
?is x is manife/1 t our doctr9e1 in/ead 

( be+ *>g$ ) prohibit+ good works1 ought
 mu* r to be applaud$1 = tea*+ ! mann] 9
 :i* truly good works c be p]=m$4 ,=1   
)\t fai?1 human nature is incapable (   
p]=m+ ! duties ei!r ( ! fir/ or second  
table4 ,)\t x1 man does n call ^u ,god1 
nor expect any ?+ f him1 nor be> !      
cross3 b seeks refuge among/ m51 &      
reposes on human aid4 ,h5ce1 :5 fai? &  
confid5ce 9 ,god are want+1 all evil    
desires & human s*emes reign 9 ! he>t2  
:]e=e ,*ri/ also says1 )\t me ye c d    
no?+ 7,john xv472 & ! *ur* responds1    
,)\t ?y favor !re is no?+ good 9 man4   
,,article ,,xxi4 - ,,( ,,! ,,invocation 
,,( ,,sa9ts4  ,conc]n+ ! invocation (   
sa9ts our *ur*es tea*1 t ! sa9ts ought  
to be held 9 remembrance1 9 ord] t we   
may1 ea* 9 8 own call+1 imitate _! fai? 
& good works2 t ! emp]or may imitate !  
example ( ,david1 9 c>ry+ on w> to expel
 ! ,turks f our c\ntry2 = bo? are k+s4  
,b ! sacr$ volume does n tea* u to      
invoke sa9ts or to seek aid f !m4 ,= x  
proposes ,*ri/ to u u our only m$iator1 

propitiation1 high prie/1 & int]cessor4 
,on 8 "n we are to call1 & he promises1 
t he w he> our pray]s1 & highly approves
 ( ?is wor%ip1 viz43 t he %\ld be call$ 
^u 9 e affliction 7#a ,john ii473 ,if   
any "o s91 we h an advocate ) ! ,fa!r1  
c4  ,?is is ab\t ! sub/ance ( our       
doctr9es1 f :i* x is evid5t t !y conta9 
no?+ inconsi/5t ) ! ,scriptures4 ,"u ^! 
circum/ances1 ^? c]ta9ly judge h>%ly1 :o
 w\ld h u reg>d$ z h]etics4 ,b !        
diff]5ce ( op9ion betwe5 u 7& !         
,romani/s7 relates to c]ta9 abuses1 :i* 
h crept into ! 7,romi%7 *ur*es )\t any  
good au?ority2 9 reg>d to :i*1 if we d  
diff]1 ! bi%ops ought to treat u )      
l5ity1 & tol]ate u1 on acc\nt ( !       
confession :i* we h j made4  ,note #a4  
,g]man read+4  ,note #b4 ,g]man read+4  
,note #c4 ,ex op]e op]ato1 f ! m]e      
outw>d p]=mance ( ! act4  ,note #d4     
,g]man read+4  ,note #e4 ,g]man read+4  
,note #f4 ,g]man copy4   ,,index4       
,absolution1 =m (1 #ii1 #ajj4           
,additions1 no het]og5e\s ones to be    

made to ! div9ely con/itut$ *ur*1 #ah4  
,alt]ations 9 ,augsburg ,confession by  
,melanc?on1 #ed4 ,am]ican1 ,lu!ran1 has 
no ref]5ce to place ( bir?1 #i4 ,am]ican
 ,rec5sion1 ,dige/ (1 #fa4 ---------    
--------- orig9at$ f respect to         
,augsburg ,confession1 #dd4 ,anecdote ( 
! ,leyd5 cobbl]1 #af4 --------- (       
,melanc?on's "m1 #ad4 ,apology to       
,augsburg ,confession1 #be4 ,apo/les'   
,cre$1 :5 & by :om =m$1 #bj4 ,arnold on 
! diet at ,augsburg1 #ee4 ,a?anasian    
,cre$ adopt$1 #ba4 ,augsburg ,diet1     
,papi/s pr$om9ant at1 #ee4 ---------    
--------- ,melanc?on's al>m at1 #ee4    
--------- --------- subscription to1 n  
requir$ 9 ,lu!r's "t1 #bb4 ---------    
--------- itself a disclaim] ( error1   
#cj4 --------- --------- practice (     
requir+ ass5t to1 reject$1 by ! fa!rs ( 
,p5nsylvania ,synod fifty ye>s ago1 #ci4
 ,augsburg ,confession1 disadvantages "u
 :i* x 0 prep>$1 #dg4 ---------         
--------- diss5t$ f by ,dr4 ,lo*man1    
#ci4 --------- --------- p>ts (1 omitt$ 

by him 9 8 edition1 #dj4 ---------      
--------- diss5t$ f by _m ( our pr9cipal
 div9es1 #da1 #db4 ,aurifab]'s n>rative 
( ,augsburg ,diet1 #gh4  ,ba*man1 ,dr41 
diss5ts f ,symbolical books1 #db4       
,baptism1 its influ5ce on adults1       
#adc-add4 --------- --------- infants1  
#add1 #ade1 #adf4 ,baptismal            
,reg5]ation1 see ,reg5]ation baptismal4 
,basel1 ,synod (1 x conc$$ bo? k9ds1    
#gf4 ,bible1 ,lu!r's deep s5se (        
obligation to1 #df4 --------- true &    
infallible symbol1 #da4 ,bi%ops1 ,re=m]s
 will+ aga9 to submit to !m1 #eh4       
,bohemians claim eu*>i/ entire1 #gf4    
,campegius1 ,lett] ( ,melanc?on to1 #ea4
 ,canon ( ! mass1 #gc1 #gg4 ,c]emonies (
 ! mass1 #fd4 ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 importance 
( !1 #ag4 --------- no ess5tial         
additions to be made to h]1 #ah4        
,confession1 ,dr4 ,plank on1 #ajb4      
--------- private1 unscriptural1 #ajc4  
--------- h[ p]=m$1 #ih-ajj4            
,concessions1 ,melanc?on's1 #ed1 #di4   
--------- ( ! ,re=m]s to ,papi/s1 #di4  

,conclud+ rem>ks1 #afa-fh4 ,controv]sy1 
religi\s1 sometimes necess>y & useful1  
#ac4 --------- h[ x %\ld be conduct$1   
#af4 --------- ! pres5t comm5c$ by ,old 
,lu!rans1 #h4 ,cre$ ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice1
 #bj4 ,cre$s n comm&$ by ! ,bible1 #ai4 
--------- only inf]5tial1 #ai4 ---------
 human1 all un9spir$1 #bc4 --------- n  
all *anges 91 to be deprecat$1 #de4     
--------- mu/ be con=m$ to ,bible tru? 9
 e age1 #bc1 #bi4  ,def9ite ,plat=m1 its
 orig91 #bf4 --------- --------- its    
au?ors n agitators1 #bf4 ---------      
--------- n a new rejection ( errors1   
#dc4 --------- --------- reta9s m ( !   
,augsburg ,confession ?an ! ,g5]al      
,synod's ,pl$ge1 #ae4 ---------         
--------- adopt$ by sev]al ,synods1 #ae4
 --------- --------- misund]/ood1 #bh4  
--------- --------- an un(ficial        
proposal till adopt$ by ,synods1--"r to 
make x1 #cb4 --------- --------- claim$ 
no au?ority till adopt$1 #cb4           
,d5om9ation1 a ,*ri/ian b\nd n to def5d1
 b to reject ! errors ( its symbols1    

#ch4 ,depravity natural1 a scriptural   
doctr9e1 #f1 #g4 ,design ( ?is "w1 #c1  
#d4 ,disadvantages att5d+ ! prep>ation (
 ,augsburg ,confession1 #dh4 ,disclaim]1
 ,synodical1 #fc4 ,doctr9e1 fundam5tal1 
li/ (1 #e4 ,duty ( a *ur* to te/ h] cre$
 by ,scripture1 #bc4 --------- ---------
 to alt] h] cre$ if f\nd errone\s1 #bi1 
#afb-fh4 --------- --------- _c be to   
d5y ! tru?1 #afb4  ,elevation ( ! ho/1  
long reta9$ by ,lu!r1 #fe4 ,endress1    
,dr41 disav[s p>ts ( ! ,augsburg        
,confession1 #da4 ,episcopal ,*ur* 9    
,am]ica *ang$ h] /&>ds1 #cj4 ,eu*>i/1 ! 
symbols on1 #adh1 #adi1 #aej4 --------- 
real pres5ce ( ,*ri/'s body 91 refut$1  
#aea-eb4 --------- suppos$ s9-=giv+ p[] 
(1 n scriptural1 #aec-ed4 ,exorcism1    
alt]$ int]pretation (1 #aee4 ---------  
long reta9$ 9 "s p>ts ( ! *ur*1 #aee1 c4
 --------- ,koelln]1 ,gu]icke1 o!r      
au?orities1 #aef4 --------- asc]ta9$    
facts 9 ! case1 #afj4 ,fab]1 8 attempt$ 
refutation ( ,augsburg ,confession1 #gf4
 ,fai?1 a liv+1 always requir$ = p>don1 

#acj4 ,=giv5ess ( s9 belongs to ,god    
alone1 #ajd1 c4 ,=m ( ,concord reject$  
by a l>ge "p ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 #bd4    
--------- --------- ackn[l$ges ! "r (   
alt]+ confessions1 #ch4 ,fuhrman on !   
mass1 #fh4 ,fundam5tal doctr9e1 :at8 #d4
 ,funk on ,private ,confession1 #ih4    
,g5]al ,synod1 lib]ality ( h] basis1 #i4
 ,gold5 age ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 #bj4     
,gospel1 life ( !1 ! true life ( a *ur*1
 #cg4  ,hag5ba*1 ,dr41 on bodily pres5ce
 9 ! supp]1 #fj4 ,hazelius1 ,dr41 on !  
,diet ( ,augsburg1 #ee4 --------- ,dr41 
diss5ts f ! ,augsburg ,confession1 #db4 
,hi/ory ( ,am]ican ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 #ic4  
,ho/1 elevation (1 long reta9$1 #fe4    
,improvem5t ( errone\s cre$s cr$itable  
to a *ur*1 #de4 ,inve/igation ! safegu>d
 ( religi\s tru?1 #ad4  ,jacobs51       
,pr(essor1 on ,confession1 #ajb4 ,jonas1
 ,ju/us1 ,lu!r's ,lett] to1 #ed4        
,ju/ification1 fai? & n ! sacram5ts !   
imm$iate condition (1 #acj4  ,keys1 p[] 
(1 #ajj1 #aja4 ,knapp1 ,dr41 n symbolic1
 #ei4 --------- on ! eu*>i/1 #fj4       

--------- influ5ce ( ! sacram5ts def9$1 
#acc4 ,koe*]1 ,dr41 views ( ! duty ( a  
*ur* to correct h] confession1 #de4     
,l>g] ,cate*ism ( ,lu!r reject$1 #be4   
,lat9 hymns 9 ! mass1 #hb4 ,life1 !     
true1 ( ! *ur*1 :at8 #cg4 ,l9tn]1 ,dr41 
diss5ts f ! ,augsburg ,confession1 #db4 
,lo*man1 ,dr41 omits l>ge portions ( !  
,augsburg ,confession 9 8 rec5sion1 #dj4
 ,"l's ,supp]1 see ,eu*>i/4 ,lu!r1 !    
,prote/ant pr9ces ab/a9 f consult+ him  
dur+ ! ,diet at ,augsburg1 #ej4         
--------- progressive re=m]1 #fe4       
--------- 8 use ( ! ^w mass1 #ga1 c4    
--------- engag$ 9 con/ant controv]sy1  
#ad4 --------- 0 orig9ally pl$g$ to !   
:ole ,romi% sy/em1 #ba4 ---------       
enlight5$ by ! /udy ( ,scripture1 #ba4  
--------- nev] sign$ any confession (   
fai?1 #bb4 --------- 8 defiance (       
papi/s1 #ed4 --------- 8 lett] to       
,laz>us ,sp5gl]1 #ga1 to ,hausmann1 #ga1
 to ,jonas1 #gb4 --------- ackn[l$ges ! 
imp]fection ( ! re=mation1 #ce4         
--------- 8 oa? ( ob$i5ce to ,papacy1   

#ba4 --------- 8 s5se ( obligation to ! 
,bible1 #df4 ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 ,am]ican1   
f\nd$ on ,indep5d5t or ,congregational1 
or ,republican pr9ciples1 #cb1 #cc4     
,mass1 closet1 e>ly reject$1 #fe4       
--------- public1 reject$ aft] ,augsburg
 diet1 #ff4 --------- c]emonies (1      
reta9$ by ,augsburg ,confession1 #ff1   
#fh4 --------- its nature1 #fi1 #ga4    
--------- re=m]s tra9$ to its ,papal    
use1 #gj4 --------- ! usus loqu5di ( !  
^w1 #ga1 #gb1 #ha-ij4 --------- di/9ct f
 sacram5t or ,"l's ,supp]1 #ga1 c41 #gd4
 --------- ,canon (1 :at1 #gc4 ---------
 ,lu!r's def9ition (1 #gd4 ---------    
mean+1 9 ! symbols1 #ha1 c41 #ij4 ,mann1
 ,rev41 misapplies ! ^w h]etic1 #bf4    
--------- misappreh5ds ! pr(ession ( !  
,new ,s*ool ,lu!rans1 #cc4 ,melanc?on1 8
 concessions to ,pop]y1 #ec1 #ed4       
--------- ,lu!r's rebuke = 8            
concessions1 #ec1 #ed4 --------- on !   
mass1 #gd-gh4 --------- ,lett]s to      
,lu!r1 #ge1 #gf1 #gg1 #dh4 sic ---------
 advice to 8 "m1 #ad4 --------- did n   

reg>d ! ,augsburg ,confession z p]fect1 
#bc4 --------- ready to submit to ,romi%
 bi%ops aga91 #ce4 --------- describes 8
 dang] & depression at ! ,diet1 #di4    
--------- compla9s ab\t ! indiff]5ce ( !
 pr9ces to consult ,lu!r1 #ej4 ---------
 8 rem>kable lett] to ,campegius1 #ea4  
,me?odi/s1 ,episcopal1 made ext5sive    
*anges 9 ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles1 #ca4   
,mill]1 ,dr4 ,g4 ,b41 diss5ts f !       
,augsburg ,confession1 #db4 ,mo%eim1    
,dr41 #fh1 #acb4 ,murdock1 ,dr41 on !   
mass1 #fh4  ,natural ,depravity1 a      
,scriptural doctr9e1 #f1 #g4 ---------  
--------- reality ( x taught by ! au?or1
 #f1 #g4 ,new cre$1 advocat$ by "s1 #dd4
  ,our *ur*1 "r or wrong1 an un*ri/ian  
motto1 #ch4 ,ob$i5ce1 (f]$ to ! ,romi%  
*ur* by ,melanc?on1 to obta9 peace1 #eb4
  ,p>don or ju/ification1 fai? !        
condition (1 #acj4 ,peculi>ities ( our  
*ur* :5 scriptural1 to be reta9$1 #ch4  
,plank1 ,dr41 on confession1 #ajb4      
,plat=m1 ,def9ite1 see ,def9ite ,plat=m4
 ,political in/itutions less important  

?an ! *ur*1 #ag4 ,popul> ,!ology1       
ref]5ce to1 #ic4 ,presbyt]ians *ang$ _! 
confession1 #ca4 ,private confession1 h[
 p]=m$1 #ih4 --------- ---------        
reject$1 #be4 ,public confession        
sub/itut$ = private1 #be4 ,puseyism1    
#aca4 --------- flatt]s ! vanity (      
m9i/]s1 #aca4  ,"q1 ! true /ate (1 #ag4 
,rationalism1 unju/ly *>g$ on "s        
,am]ican writ]s by ,g]mans1 #g1 #h4     
,rec5sion1 ,am]ican1 dige/ (1 #fa4      
,re=mation1 "t (1 at ! diet1 n favorable
 to ! =mation ( a full1 imp>tial cre$1  
#bb1 #dg4 ,re=m]s1 progressive1 #eg1    
#eh1 #fe4 --------- fallible m51 #ce4   
,refutation1 papal1 ( ,augsburg         
,confession1 #gi4 --------- di/+ui%es   
betwe5 mass & eu*>i/1 #gi4 ,re9h>d1     
,dr41 n symbolic1 #ei1 #acb4 ,reply to  
,rev4 ,mann's g5]al obs]vations1 #bb-bd4
 ,responsibility1 fe>ful1 ( dissem9at+  
error 9 cre$s1 #cd4 ,"r ( m9i/]s to     
diss5t f ! ,augsburg ,confession conc$$1
 #dc4 ,re=m]'s1 !1 if liv+ w\ld !mselves
 reject ^! errors1 #ce4 --------- 7     

educat$ till adult age 9 all !          
sup]/itions ( ,rome1 #cg4 ,reg5]ation1  
baptismal1 #ace1 c4 --------- --------- 
taught by ! symbolical books1 #ace1     
#acf1 #acg4 --------- --------- taught  
by ! ,re=m]s1 #ach-adj4 ---------       
--------- taught by ! e>ly !ologians1   
#adj1 c4 ,reg5]ation1 baptismal1        
influ5ce ( ?is doctr9e on ! pulpit1     
#ada1 c4 ,ruf9us' report on ! orig9 ( ! 
,apo/les' cre$1 #ai4 ,romani/s &        
,puseyites 9 error1 #ah4  ,sabba?1 views
 ( ! ,re=m]s on1 #ajg1 #aaa1 #aab1 c4   
--------- ,rueck]1 ,h5g/5b]g1 ,wal]1 on1
 #ajh1 #aji4 ,sacram5ts1 _! relation to 
p>don or ju/ification1 #i4 ,s*aeff]1    
,dr4 ,f4 ,c41 diss5ts f ! ,augsburg     
,confession1 #da4 ,s*aff1 ,dr41 an      
inadv]t5ce correct$1 #e1 #f4 ,s*ultz1   
,dr41 on ,g]man !ology1 #fj4            
,scriptures1 :y bett] und]/ood m ?an    
?ree c5turies ago1 #cf4 ,siegel1 on     
hi/ory ( ! mass1 #fi2 confession1 #ajb4 
,s91 p>don (1 belongs to ,god1 #ajd1 c4 
,smalcald ,articles1 m decid$1 #ee4     

--------- --------- reject$ by ,sw$5 &  
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reject$ 9 ,sw$51 #be4 ,spalat91 8       
ab/ract ( ,augsburg ,confession1 #gi4   
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,symbolic ,sy/em1 :5 introduc$1 #bb4    
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apo/olic age1 #ah4  ,zw+le's            
,confession1 #ge4   tr4 note3 aft] !    
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page catalog ( books available f !      
publi%] ,t4 ,newton ,kurtz1 ,baltimore1 
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,,booksell] ,,& ,,/ation]1 ,,no4 #aea   
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