,,successful ,,methods ,,of ,,public ,,speaking ,by ,grenville ,kleiser ,inspiration and ,ideals ,how to ,build ,mental ,power ,how to ,develop ,self-,confidence in ,speech and ,manner ,how to ,read and ,declaim ,how to ,speak in ,public ,how to ,develop ,power and ,personality in ,speaking ,great ,speeches and ,how to ,make ,them ,how to ,argue and ,win ,humorous ,hits and ,how to ,hold an ,audience ,complete ,guide to ,public ,speaking ,talks on ,talking ,fifteen ,thousand ,useful ,phrases ,the ,world's ,great ,sermons ,mail ,course in ,public ,speaking ,mail ,course in ,practical ,english ,how to ,speak ,without ,notes ,something to ,say3 ,how to ,say ,it ,successful ,methods of ,public ,speaking ,model ,speeches for ,practise ,the ,training of a ,public ,speaker ,how to ,sell ,through ,speech ,impromptu ,speeches3 ,how to ,make ,them ,word-,power3 ,how to ,develop ,it ,christ3 ,the ,master ,speaker ,vital ,english for ,speakers and ,writers ,successful ,methods of ,public ,speaking ,,by ,,grenville ,,kleiser ,formerly ,instructor in ,public ,speaking at ,yale ,divinity ,school1 ,yale ,university4 ,author of ,how to ,speak in ,public1 ,great ,speeches and ,how to ,make ,them1 ,complete ,guide to ,public ,speaking1 ,how to ,build ,mental ,power1 ,talks on ,talking1 etc41 etc4 ,illustration3 ,publisher's logo ,,funk ,,wagnalls ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,and ,,london #aiai ,,copyright1 #aibj1 ,,by ,,grenville ,,kleiser ,printed in the ,united ,states of ,america ,published1 ,february1 #aibj ,copyright ,under the ,articles of the ,copyright ,convention of the ,pan-,american ,republics and the ,united ,states1 ,august #aa1 #aiaj ,,preface ,as you carefully study the successful methods of public speakers1 as briefly set forth in this book1 you will observe that there is nothing that can be substituted for personal sincerity4 ,unless you thoroughly believe in the message you wish to convey to others1 you are not likely to impress them favorably4 ,it was said of an eminent ,british orator1 that when one heard him speak in public1 one instinctively felt that there was something finer in the man than in anything he said4 ,therein lies the key to successful oratory4 ,when the truth of your message is deeply engraved on your own mind2 when your own heart has been touched as by a living flame2 when your own character and personality testify to the innate sincerity and nobility of your life1 then your speech will be truly eloquent1 and men will respond to your fervent appeal4 ,,grenville ,,kleiser4 ,new ,york ,city1 ,august1 #aiai4 ,,contents ,,page ,,preface v ,,successful ,,methods ,,of ,,public ,,speaking #aa ,,study ,,of ,,model ,,speeches #ee ,,history ,,of ,,public ,,speaking #ia ,,extracts ,,for ,,study1 ,,with ,,lesson ,,talk #aag ,,how ,,to ,,speak ,,in ,,public #ade ,,successful ,,methods ,,of ,,public ,,speaking ,you can acquire valuable knowledge for use in your own public speaking by studying the successful methods of other men4 ,this does not mean1 however1 that you are to imitate others1 but simply to profit by their experience and suggestions in so far as they fit in naturally with your personality4 ,all successful speakers do not speak alike4 ,each man has found certain things to be effective in his particular case1 but which would not necessarily be suited to a different type of speaker4 ,when1 therefore1 you read the following methods of various men1 ask yourself in each case whether you can apply the ideas to advantage in your own speaking4 ,put the method to a practical test1 and decide for yourself whether it is advisable for you to adopt it or not4 ,requirements of ,effective ,speaking ,there are certain requirements in public speaking which you and every other speaker must observe4 ,you must be grammatical1 intelligent1 lucid1 and sincere4 ,these are essential4 ,you must know your subject thoroughly1 and have the ability to put it into pleasing and persuasive form4 ,but beyond these considerations there are many things which must be left to your temperament1 taste1 and individuality4 ,to compel you to speak according to inflexible rules would make you not an orator but an automaton4 ,the temperamental differences in successful speakers have been very great4 ,one eminent speaker used practically no gesture2 another was in almost constant action4 ,one was quiet1 modest1 and conversational in his speaking style2 another was impulsive and resistless as a mountain torrent4 ,it is safe to say that almost any man1 however unpretentious his language1 will command a hearing in ,congress1 ,parliament1 or elsewhere1 if he gives accurate information upon a subject of importance and in a manner of unquestioned sincerity4 ,you will observe in the historical accounts of great orators1 that without a single exception they studied1 read1 practised1 conversed1 and meditated1 not occasionally1 but with daily regularity4 ,many of them were endowed with natural gifts1 but they supplemented these with indefatigable work4 ,well-known ,speakers and ,their ,methods ,chalmers ,there is a rugged type of speaker who transcends and seemingly defies all rules of oratory4 ,such a man was the great ,scottish preacher ,chalmers1 who was without polished elocution1 grace1 or manner1 but who through his intellectual power and moral earnestness thrilled all who heard him4 ,he read his sermons entirely from manuscripts1 but it is evident from the effects of his preaching that he was not a slave to the written word as many such speakers have been4 ,while he read1 he retained much of his freedom of gesture and physical expression1 doubtless due to familiarity with his subject and thorough preparation of his message4 ,john ,bright ,you can profitably study the speeches of ,john ,bright4 ,they are noteworthy for their simplicity of diction and uniform quality of directness4 ,his method was to make a plain statement of facts1 enunciate certain fundamental principles1 then follow with his argument and application4 ,his choice of words and style of delivery were most carefully studied1 and his sonorous voice was under such complete control that he could speak at great length without the slightest fatigue4 ,many of his illustrations were drawn from the ,bible1 which he is said to have known better than any other book4 ,lord ,brougham ,lord ,brougham wrote nine times the concluding parts of his speech for the defense of ,queen ,caroline4 ,he once told a young man that if he wanted to speak well he must first learn to talk well4 ,he recognized that good talking was the basis of effective public speaking4 ,bear in mind1 however1 that this does not mean you are always to confine yourself to a conversational level4 ,there are themes which demand large treatment1 wherein vocal power and impassioned feeling are appropriate and essential4 ,but what ,lord ,brougham meant1 and it is equally true to-day1 was that good public speaking is fundamentally good talking4 ,edmund ,burke ,edmund ,burke recommended debate as one of the best means for developing facility and power in public speaking4 ,himself a master of debate1 he said1 ,he that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill4 ,our antagonist is our helper4 ,this amiable conflict with difficulty obliges us to have an intimate acquaintance with our subject1 and compels us to consider it in all its relations4 ,it will not suffer us to be superficial4 ,burke1 like all great orators1 believed in premeditation1 and always wrote and corrected his speeches with fastidious care4 ,while such men knew that inspiration might come at the moment of speaking1 they preferred to base their chances of success upon painstaking preparation4 ,massillon ,massillon1 the great ,french divine1 spoke in a commanding voice and in a style so direct that at times he almost overwhelmed his hearers4 ,his pointed and personal questions could not be evaded4 ,he sent truth like fiery darts to the hearts of his hearers4 ,i ask you to note very carefully the following eloquent passage from a sermon in which he explained how men justified themselves because they were no worse than the multitude3 ,on this account it is1 my brethren1 that ,i confine myself to you who at present are assembled here2 ,i include not the rest of men1 but consider you as alone existing on the earth4 ,the idea which occupies and frightens me is this3 ,i figure to myself the present as your last hour and the end of the world2 that the heavens are going to open above your heads2 our ,savior1 in all ,his glory1 to appear in the midst of the temple2 and that you are only assembled here to wait ,his coming2 like trembling criminals on whom the sentence is to be pronounced1 either of life eternal or of everlasting death2 for it is vain to flatter yourselves that you shall die more innocent than you are at this hour4 ,all those desires of change with which you are amused will continue to amuse you till death arrives1 the experience of all ages proves it2 the only difference you have to expect will most likely be a larger balance against you than what you would have to answer for at present2 and from what would be your destiny were you to be judged this moment1 you may almost decide upon what will take place at your departure from life4 ,now1 ,i ask you 7and connecting my own lot with yours ,i ask with dread71 were ,jesus ,christ to appear in this temple1 in the midst of this assembly1 to judge us1 to make the dreadful separation betwixt the goats and sheep1 do you believe that the greatest number of us would be placed at ,his right hand8 ,do you believe that the number would at least be equal8 ,do you believe there would even be found ten upright and faithful servants of the ,lord1 when formerly five cities could not furnish so many8 ,i ask you4 ,you know not1 and ,i know it not4 ,thou alone1 ,o my ,god1 knowest who belong to ,thee4 ,but if we know not who belong to ,him1 at least we know that sinners do not4 ,now1 who are the just and faithful assembled here at present8 ,titles and dignities avail nothing1 you are stript of all these in the presence of your ,savior4 ,who are they8 ,many sinners who wish not to be converted2 many more who wish1 but always put it off2 many others who are only converted in appearance1 and again fall back to their former courses4 ,in a word1 a great number who flatter themselves they have no occasion for conversion4 ,this is the party of the reprobate4 ,ah6 my brethren1 cut off from this assembly these four classes of sinners1 for they will be cut off at the great day4 ,and now appear1 ye just6 ,where are ye8 ,o ,god1 where are ,thy chosen8 ,and what a portion remains to ,thy share4 ,gladstone ,gladstone had by nature a musical and melodious voice1 but through practise he developed an unusual range of compass and variety4 ,he could sink it to a whisper and still be audible1 while in open-air meetings he could easily make himself heard by thousands4 ,he was courteous1 and even ceremonious1 in his every-day meeting with men1 so that it was entirely natural for him to be deferential and ingratiating in his public speaking4 ,he is an excellent illustration of the value of cultivating in daily conversation and manner the qualities you desire to have in your public address4 ,john ,quincy ,adams ,john ,quincy ,adams read two chapters from the ,bible every morning1 which accounted in large measure for his resourceful ,english style4 ,he was fond of using the pen in daily composition1 and constantly committed to paper the first thoughts which occurred to him upon any important subject4 ,fox ,the ambition of ,fox was to become a great political orator and debater1 in which at last he succeeded4 ,his mental agility was manifest in his reply to an elector whom he had canvassed for a vote1 and who offered him a halter instead4 ,oh thank you1 said ,fox1 ,i would not deprive you of what is evidently a family relic4 ,his method was to take each argument of an opponent1 and dispose of it in regular order4 ,his passion was for argument1 upon great or petty subjects4 ,he availed himself of every opportunity to speak4 ,during five whole sessions1 he said1 ,i spoke every night but one2 and ,i regret that ,i did not speak on that night1 too4 ,theodore ,parker ,theodore ,parker always read his sermons aloud while writing them1 in order to test their speaking quality4 ,his opinion was that an impressive delivery depended particularly upon vigorous feeling1 energetic thinking1 and clearness of statement4 ,henry ,ward ,beecher ,henry ,ward ,beecher's method was to practise vocal exercises in the open air1 exploding all the vowel sounds in various keys4 ,this practise duly produced a most flexible instrument1 which served him throughout his brilliant career4 ,he said3 ,i had from childhood impediments of speech arising from a large palate1 so that when a boy ,i used to be laughed at for talking as if ,i had a pudding in my mouth4 ,when ,i went to ,amherst1 ,i was fortunate in passing into the hands of ,john ,lovell1 a teacher of elocution1 and a better teacher for my purpose ,i can not conceive of4 ,his system consisted in drill1 or the thorough practise of inflections by the voice1 of gesture1 posture and articulation4 ,sometimes ,i was a whole hour practising my voice on a word--like justice4 ,i would have to take a posture1 frequently at a mark chalked on the floor4 ,then we would go through all the gestures1 exercising each movement of the arm and throwing open the hand4 ,all gestures except those of precision go in curves1 the arm rising from the side1 coming to the front1 turning to the left or right4 ,i was drilled as to how far the arm should come forward1 where it should start from1 how far go back1 and under what circumstances these movements should be made4 ,it was drill1 drill1 drill1 until the motions almost became a second nature4 ,now1 ,i never know what movements ,i shall make4 ,my gestures are natural1 because this drill made them natural to me4 ,the only method of acquiring effective elocution is by practise1 of not less than an hour a day1 until the student has his voice and himself thoroughly subdued and trained to get right expression4 ,lord ,bolingbroke ,lord ,bolingbroke made it a rule always to speak well in daily conversation1 however unimportant the occasion4 ,his taste and accuracy at last gave him a style in ordinary speech worthy to have been put into print as it fell from his lips4 ,lord ,chatham ,lord ,chatham1 despite his great natural endowments for speaking1 devoted a regular time each day to developing a varied and copious vocabulary4 ,he twice examined each word in the dictionary1 from beginning to end1 in his ardent desire to master the ,english language4 ,john ,philpot ,curran ,the well-known case of ,john ,philpot ,curran should give encouragement to every aspiring student of public speaking4 ,he was generally known as ,orator ,mum1 because of his failure in his first attempt at public speaking4 ,but he resolved to develop his oratorical powers1 and devoted every morning to intense reading4 ,in addition1 he regularly carried in his pocket a small copy of a classic for convenient reading at odd moments4 ,it is said that he daily practised declamation before a looking-glass1 closely scrutinizing his gesture1 posture1 and manner4 ,he was an earnest student of public speaking1 and eventually became one of the most eloquent of world orators4 ,balfour ,among present-day speakers in ,england ,mr4 ,balfour occupies a leading place4 ,he possesses the gift of never saying a word too much1 a habit which might be copied to advantage by many public speakers4 ,his habit during a debate is to scribble a few words on an envelop1 and then to speak with rare facility of ,english style4 ,bonar ,law ,bonar ,law does not use any notes in the preparation of a speech1 but carefully thinks out the various parts1 and then by means of a series of mental rehearsals fixes them indelibly in his mind4 ,the result of this conscientious practise has made him a formidable debater and extempore speaker4 ,asquith ,herbert ,h4 ,asquith1 who possesses the rare gift of summoning the one inevitable word1 and of compressing his speeches into a small space of time1 speaks with equal success whether from a prepared manuscript or wholly extempore4 ,his unsurpassed ,english style is the result of many years reading and study of prose masterpieces4 ,he produces1 wherever and whenever he wants them1 an endless succession of perfectly coined sentences1 conceived with unmatched felicity and delivered without hesitation in a parliamentary style which is at once the envy and the despair of imitators4 ,bryan ,william ,jennings ,bryan is by common consent one of the greatest public speakers in ,america4 ,he has a voice of unusual power and compass1 and his delivery is natural and deliberate4 ,his style is generally forensic1 altho he frequently rises to the dramatic4 ,he has been a diligent student of oratory1 and once said3 ,the age of oratory has not passed2 nor will it pass4 ,the press1 instead of displacing the orator1 has given him a larger audience and enabled him to do a more extended work4 ,as long as there are human rights to be defended2 as long as there are great interests to be guarded2 as long as the welfare of nations is a matter for discussion1 so long will public speaking have its place4 ,roosevelt ,theodore ,roosevelt was one of the most effective of ,american public speakers1 due in large measure to intense moral earnestness and great stores of physical vitality4 ,his diction was direct and his style energetic4 ,he spoke out of the fulness of a well-furnished mind4 ,success ,factors in ,platform ,speaking ,constant practise of composition has been the habit of all great orators4 ,this1 combined with the habit of reading and re-reading the best prose writers and poets1 accounts in large measure for the felicitous style of such men as ,burke1 ,erskine1 ,macaulay1 ,bolingbroke1 ,phillips1 ,everett and ,webster4 ,i can not too often urge you to use your pen in daily composition as a means to felicity and facility of speech4 ,the act of writing out your thoughts is a direct aid to concentration1 and tends to enforce the habit of choosing the best language4 ,it gives clearness1 force1 precision1 beauty1 and copiousness of style1 so valuable in extemporaneous and impromptu speaking4 ,,advantages ,,and ,,disadvantages ,,of ,,memorizing ,,speeches ,some of the most highly successful speakers carefully wrote out1 revised1 and committed to memory important passages in their speeches4 ,these they dexterously wove into the body of their addresses in such a natural manner as not to expose their method4 ,this plan1 however1 is not to be generally recommended1 since few men have the faculty of rendering memorized parts so as to make them appear extempore4 ,if you recite rather than speak to an audience1 you may be a good entertainer1 but just to that degree will you impair your power and effectiveness as a public speaker4 ,there are speakers who have successfully used the plan of committing to memory significant sentences1 statements1 or sayings1 and skilfully embodying them in their speeches4 ,you might test this method for yourself1 tho it is attended with danger4 ,if possible1 join a local debating society1 where you will have excellent opportunity for practise in thinking and speaking on your feet4 ,many distinguished public speakers have owed their fluency of speech and self-confidence to early practise in debate4 ,,the ,,value ,,of ,,repetition ,persuasion is a task of skill4 ,you must bring to your aid in speaking every available resource4 ,an effective weapon at times is a remorseless iteration4 ,have the courage to repeat yourself as often as may be necessary to impress your leading ideas upon the minds of your hearers4 ,note the forensic maxim1 tell a judge twice whatever you want him to hear2 tell a special jury thrice1 and a common jury half a dozen times1 the view of a case you wish them to entertain4 ,,the ,,need ,,of ,,self-,,confidence ,whatever methods of premeditation you adopt in the preparation of a speech1 having planned everything to the best of your ability1 dismiss from your mind all anxiety and all thought about yourself4 ,right preparation and earnest practise should give you a full degree of confidence in your ability to perform the task before you4 ,when you stand at last before the audience1 it should be with the assurance that you are thoroughly equipped to say something of real interest and importance4 ,,the ,,power ,,of ,,personality ,personality plays a vital part in a speaker's success4 ,gladstone described ,cardinal ,newman's manner in the pulpit as unsatisfactory if considered in its separate parts4 ,there was not much change in the inflection of his voice2 action there was none2 his sermons were read1 and his eyes were always on his book2 and all that1 you will say1 is against efficiency in preaching4 ,yes2 but you take the man as a whole1 and there was a stamp and a seal upon him1 there was solemn music and sweetness in his tone1 there was a completeness in the figure1 taken together with the tone and with the manner1 which made even his delivery such as ,i have described it1 and tho exclusively with written sermons1 singularly attractive4 ,,the ,,danger ,,of ,,imitation ,it is a fatal mistake1 as ,i have said1 to set out deliberately to imitate some favorite speaker1 and to mold your style after his4 ,you will observe certain things and methods in other speakers which will fit in naturally with your style and temperament4 ,to this extent you may advantageously adopt them1 but always be on your guard against anything which might in the slightest degree impair your own individuality4 ,speech for ,study1 with ,lesson ,talk ,,features ,,of ,,an ,,eloquent ,,address ,you will find useful material for study and practise in the speech which follows1 delivered by ,lord ,rosebery at the ,unveiling of the ,statue of ,gladstone at ,glasgow1 ,scotland1 ,october #aath1 #aijb4 ,the ,english style is noteworthy for its uniform charm and naturalness4 ,there is an unmistakable personal note which contributes greatly to the effect of the speaker's words4 ,this eloquent address is a model for such an occasion1 and a good illustration of the work of a speaker thoroughly familiar with his theme4 ,it has sufficient variety to sustain interest1 dignity in keeping with the subject1 and a note of inspiration which would profoundly impress an audience of thinking men4 ,it is a scholarly address4 ,note the concise introductory sentences4 ,repeat them aloud and observe how easily they flow from the lips4 ,notice the balance and variety of successive sentences1 the stately diction1 and the underlying tone of deep sincerity4 ,examine every phrase and sentence of this eloquent speech4 ,study the conclusion and particularly the closing paragraph4 ,when you have thoroughly analyzed the speech1 stand up and render it aloud in clear-cut tones and appropriately dignified style4 ,,speech ,,for ,,study ,,at ,,the ,,unveiling ,,of ,,the ,,statue ,,of ,,gladstone 7,address of ,lord ,rosebery7 ,i am here to-day to unveil the image of one of the great figures of our country4 ,it is right and fitting that it should stand here4 ,a statue of ,mr4 ,gladstone is congenial in any part of ,scotland4 ,but in this ,scottish city1 teeming with eager workers1 endowed with a great ,university1 a center of industry1 commerce1 and thought1 a statue of ,william ,ewart ,gladstone is at home4 ,but you in ,glasgow have more personal claims to a share in the inheritance of ,mr4 ,gladstone's fame4 ,i1 at any rate1 can recall one memory--the record of that marvelous day in ,december1 #ahgi1 nearly twenty-three years ago1 when the indomitable old man delivered his rectorial address to the students at noon1 a long political speech in ,st4 ,andrew's ,hall in the evening1 and a substantial discourse on receiving an address from the ,corporation at ten o'clock at night4 ,some of you may have been present at all these gatherings1 some only at the political meeting4 ,if they were1 they may remember the little incidents of the meeting--the glasses which were hopelessly lost and then1 of course1 found on the orator's person--the desperate candle brought in1 stuck in a water-bottle1 to attempt sufficient light to read an extract4 ,and what a meeting it was--teeming1 delirious1 absorbed6 ,do you have such meetings now8 ,they seem to me pretty good2 but the meetings of that time stand out before all others in my mind4 ,this statue is erected1 not out of the national subscription1 but by the contributions from men of all creeds in ,glasgow and in the ,west4 ,i must then1 in what ,i have to say1 leave out altogether the political aspect of ,mr4 ,gladstone4 ,in some cases such a rule would omit all that was interesting in a man4 ,there are characters1 from which if you subtracted politics1 there would be nothing left4 ,it was not so with ,mr4 ,gladstone4 ,to the great mass of his fellow-countrymen he was of course a statesman1 wildly worshipped by some1 wildly detested by others4 ,but1 to those who were privileged to know him1 his politics seemed but the least part of him4 ,the predominant part1 to which all else was subordinated1 was his religion2 the life which seemed to attract him most was the life of the library2 the subject which engrossed him most was the subject of the moment1 whatever it might be1 and that1 when he was out of office1 was very rarely politics4 ,indeed1 ,i sometimes doubt whether his natural bent was toward politics at all4 ,had his course taken him that way1 as it very nearly did1 he would have been a great churchman1 greater perhaps than any that this island has known2 he would have been a great professor1 if you could have found a university big enough to hold him2 he would have been a great historian1 a great bookman1 he would have grappled with whole libraries and wrestled with academies1 had the fates placed him in a cloister2 indeed it is difficult to conceive the career1 except perhaps the military1 in which his energy and intellect and application would not have placed him on a summit4 ,politics1 however1 took him and claimed his life service1 but1 jealous mistress as she is1 could never thoroughly absorb him4 ,such powers as ,i have indicated seem to belong to a giant and a prodigy1 and ,i can understand many turning away from the contemplation of such a character1 feeling that it is too far removed from them to interest them1 and that it is too unapproachable to help them--that it is like reading of ,hercules or ,hector1 mythical heroes whose achievements the actual living mortal can not hope to rival4 ,well1 that is true enough2 we have not received intellectual faculties equal to ,mr4 ,gladstone's1 and can not hope to vie with him in their exercise4 ,but apart from them1 his great force was character1 and amid the vast multitude that ,i am addressing1 there is none who may not be helped by him4 ,the three signal qualities which made him what he was1 were courage1 industry1 and faith2 dauntless courage1 unflagging industry1 a faith which was part of his fiber2 these were the levers with which he moved the world4 ,i do not speak of his religious faith1 that demands a worthier speaker and another occasion4 ,but no one who knew ,mr4 ,gladstone could fail to see that it was the essence1 the savor1 the motive power of his life4 ,strange as it may seem1 ,i can not doubt that while this attracted many to him1 it alienated others1 others not themselves irreligious1 but who suspected the sincerity of so manifest a devotion1 and who1 reared in the moderate atmosphere of the time1 disliked the intrusion of religious considerations into politics4 ,these1 however1 though numerous enough1 were the exceptions1 and it can not1 ,i think1 be questioned that ,mr4 ,gladstone not merely raised the tone of public discussion1 but quickened and renewed the religious feeling of the society in which he moved4 ,but this is not the faith of which ,i am thinking to-day4 ,what is present to me is the faith with which he espoused and pursued great causes4 ,there also he had faith sufficient to move mountains1 and did sometimes move mountains4 ,he did not lightly resolve1 he came to no hasty conclusion1 but when he had convinced himself that a cause was right1 it engrossed him1 it inspired him1 with a certainty as deep-seated and as imperious as ever moved mortal man4 ,to him1 then1 obstacles1 objections1 the counsels of doubters and critics were as nought1 he pressed on with the passion of a whirlwind1 but also with the steady persistence of some puissant machine4 ,he had1 of course1 like every statesman1 often to traffic with expediency1 he had always1 ,i suppose1 to accept something less than his ideal1 but his unquenchable faith1 not in himself--tho that with experience must have waxed strong--not in himself but in his cause1 sustained him among the necessary shifts and transactions of the moment1 and kept his head high in the heavens4 ,such faith1 such moral conviction1 is not given to all men1 for the treasures of his nature were in ingots1 and not in dust4 ,but there is1 perhaps1 no man without some faith in some cause or some person2 if so1 let him take heart1 in however small a minority he may be1 by remembering how mighty a strength was ,gladstone's power of faith4 ,his next great force lay in his industry4 ,i do not know if the aspersions of ca' canny be founded1 but at any rate there was no ca' canny about him4 ,from his earliest school-days1 if tradition be true1 to the bed of death1 he gave his full time and energy to work4 ,no doubt his capacity for labor was unusual4 ,he would sit up all night writing a pamphlet1 and work next day as usual4 ,an eight-hours' day would have been a holiday to him1 for he preached and practised the gospel of work to its fullest extent4 ,he did not1 indeed1 disdain pleasure2 no one enjoyed physical exercise1 or a good play1 or a pleasant dinner1 more than he2 he drank in deep draughts of the highest and the best that life had to offer2 but even in pastime he was never idle4 ,he did not know what it was to saunter1 he debited himself with every minute of his time2 he combined with the highest intellectual powers the faculty of utilizing them to the fullest extent by intense application4 ,moreover1 his industry was prodigious in result1 for he was an extraordinarily rapid worker4 ,dumont says of ,mirabeau1 that till he met that marvelous man he had no idea of how much could be achieved in a day4 ,had ,i not lived with him1 he says1 ,i should not know what can be accomplished in a day1 all that can be comprest into an interval of twelve hours4 ,a day was worth more to him than a week or a month to others4 ,many men can be busy for hours with a mighty small product1 but with ,mr4 ,gladstone every minute was fruitful4 ,that1 no doubt1 was largely due to his marvelous powers of concentration4 ,when he was staying at ,dalmeny in #ahgi he kindly consented to sit for his bust4 ,the only difficulty was that there was no time for sittings4 ,so the sculptor with his clay model was placed opposite ,mr4 ,gladstone as he worked1 and they spent the mornings together1 ,mr4 ,gladstone writing away1 and the clay figure of himself less than a yard off gradually assuming shape and form4 ,anything more distracting ,i can not conceive1 but it had no effect on the busy patient4 ,and now let me make a short digression4 ,i saw recently in your newspapers that there was some complaint of the manners of the rising generation in ,glasgow4 ,if that be so1 they are heedless of ,mr4 ,gladstone's example4 ,it might be thought that so impetuous a temper as his might be occasionally rough or abrupt4 ,that was not so4 ,his exquisite urbanity was one of his most conspicuous graces4 ,i do not now only allude to that grave1 old-world courtesy1 which gave so much distinction to his private life2 for his sweetness of manner went far beyond demeanor4 ,his spoken words1 his letters1 even when one differed from him most acutely1 were all marked by this special note4 ,he did not like people to disagree with him1 few people do2 but1 so far as manner went1 it was more pleasant to disagree with ,mr4 ,gladstone than to be in agreement with some others4 ,lastly1 ,i come to his courage--that perhaps was his greatest quality1 for when he gave his heart and reason to a cause1 he never counted the cost4 ,most men are physically brave1 and this nation is reputed to be especially brave1 but ,mr4 ,gladstone was brave among the brave4 ,he had to the end the vitality of physical courage4 ,when well on in his ninth decade1 well on to ninety1 he was knocked over by a cab1 and before the bystanders could rally to his assistance1 he had pursued the cab with a view to taking its number4 ,he had1 too1 notoriously1 political courage in a not less degree than ,sir ,robert ,walpole4 ,we read that ,george ,,ii1 who was little given to enthusiasm1 would often cry out1 with color flushing into his cheeks1 and tears sometimes in his eyes1 and with a vehement oath3--,he 7,walpole7 is a brave fellow2 he has more spirit than any man ,i ever knew4 ,mr4 ,gladstone did not yield to ,walpole in political and parliamentary courage--it was a quality which he closely observed in others1 and on which he was fond of descanting4 ,but he had the rarest and choicest courage of all--,i mean moral courage4 ,that was his supreme characteristic1 and it was with him1 like others1 from the first4 ,a contemporary of his at ,eton once told me of a scene1 at which my informant was present1 when some loose or indelicate toast was proposed1 and all present drank it but young ,gladstone4 ,in spite of the storm of objurgation and ridicule that raged around him1 he jammed his face1 as it were1 down in his hands on the table and would not budge4 ,every schoolboy knows1 for we may here accurately use ,macaulay's well-known expression1 every schoolboy knows the courage that this implies4 ,and even by the heedless generation of boyhood it was appreciated1 for we find an ,etonian writing to his parents to ask that he might go to ,oxford rather than ,cambridge1 on the sole ground that at ,oxford he would have the priceless advantage of ,gladstone's influence and example4 ,nor did his courage ever flag4 ,he might be right1 or he might be wrong--that is not the question here--but when he was convinced that he was right1 not all the combined powers of ,parliament or society or the multitude could for an instant hinder his course1 whether it ended in success or in failure4 ,success left him calm1 he had had so much of it2 nor did failures greatly depress him4 ,the next morning found him once more facing the world with serene and undaunted brow4 ,there was a man4 ,the nation has lost him1 but preserves his character1 his manhood1 as a model1 on which she may form if she be fortunate1 coming generations of men4 ,with his politics1 with his theology1 with his manifold graces and gifts of intellect1 we are not concerned to-day1 not even with his warm and passionate human sympathies4 ,they are not dead with him1 but let them rest with him1 for we can not in one discourse view him in all his parts4 ,to-day it is enough to have dealt for a moment on three of his great moral characteristics1 enough to have snatched from the fleeting hour a few moments of communion with the mighty dead4 ,history has not yet allotted him his definite place1 but no one would now deny that he bequeathed a pure standard of life1 a record of lofty ambition for the public good as he understood it1 a monument of life-long labor4 ,such lives speak for themselves1 they need no statues1 they face the future with the confidence of high purpose and endeavor4 ,the statues are not for them but for us1 to bid us be conscious of our trust1 mindful of our duty1 scornful of opposition to principle and faith4 ,they summon us to account for time and opportunity1 they embody an inspiring tradition1 they are milestones in the life of a nation4 ,the effigy of ,pompey was bathed in the blood of his great rival3 let this statue have the nobler destiny of constantly calling to life worthy rivals of ,gladstone's fame and character4 ,unveil1 then1 that statue4 ,let it stand to ,glasgow in all time coming for faith1 fortitude1 courage1 industry1 qualities apart from intellect or power or wealth1 which may inspire all her citizens however humble1 however weak2 let it remind the most unthinking passer-by of the dauntless character which it represents1 of his long life and honest purpose2 let it leaven by an immortal tradition the population which lives and works and dies around this monument4 ,,study ,,of ,,model ,,speeches ,,model ,,speeches1 ,,with ,,suggestions ,,for ,,their ,,study ,there is no better way for you to improve your own public speaking than to analyze and study the speeches of successful orators4 ,first read such speeches aloud1 since by that means you fit words to your lips and acquire a familiarity with oratorical style4 ,then examine the speaker's method of arranging his thoughts1 and the precise way in which they lead up and contribute to his ultimate object4 ,carefully note any special means employed--story1 illustration1 appeal1 or climax1--to increase the effectiveness of the speech4 ,john ,stuart ,mill ,read the following speech delivered by ,john ,stuart ,mill1 in his tribute to ,garrison4 ,note the clear-cut ,english of the speaker4 ,observe how promptly he goes to his subject1 and how steadily he keeps to it4 ,particularly note the high level of thought maintained throughout4 ,this is an excellent model of dignified1 well-reasoned1 convincing speech4 ,mr4 ,chairman1 ,ladies1 and ,gentlemen1--,the speakers who have preceded me have1 with an eloquence far beyond anything which ,i can command1 laid before our honored guest the homage of admiration and gratitude which we all feel due to his heroic life4 ,instead of idly expatiating upon things which have been far better said than ,i could say them1 ,i would rather endeavor to recall one or two lessons applicable to ourselves1 which may be drawn from his career4 ,a noble work nobly done always contains in itself not one but many lessons2 and in the case of him whose character and deeds we are here to commemorate1 two may be singled out specially deserving to be laid to heart by all who would wish to leave the world better than they found it4 ,the first lesson is1--,aim at something great2 aim at things which are difficult2 and there is no great thing which is not difficult4 ,do not pare down your undertaking to what you can hope to see successful in the next few years1 or in the years of your own life4 ,fear not the reproach of ,quixotism or of fanaticism2 but after you have well weighed what you undertake1 if you see your way clearly1 and are convinced that you are right1 go forward1 even tho you1 like ,mr4 ,garrison1 do it at the risk of being torn to pieces by the very men through whose changed hearts your purpose will one day be accomplished4 ,fight on with all your strength against whatever odds and with however small a band of supporters4 ,if you are right1 the time will come when that small band will swell into a multitude2 you will at least lay the foundations of something memorable1 and you may1 like ,mr4 ,garrison--tho you ought not to need or expect so great a reward--be spared to see that work completed which1 when you began it1 you only hoped it might be given to you to help forward a few stages on its way4 ,the other lesson which it appears to me important to enforce1 amongst the many that may be drawn from our friend's life1 is this3 ,if you aim at something noble and succeed in it1 you will generally find that you have succeeded not in that alone4 ,a hundred other good and noble things which you never dreamed of will have been accomplished by the way1 and the more certainly1 the sharper and more agonizing has been the struggle which preceded the victory4 ,the heart and mind of a nation are never stirred from their foundations without manifold good fruits4 ,in the case of the great ,american contest these fruits have been already great1 and are daily becoming greater4 ,the prejudices which beset every form of society--and of which there was a plentiful crop in ,america--are rapidly melting away4 ,the chains of prescription have been broken2 it is not only the slave who has been freed--the mind of ,america has been emancipated4 ,the whole intellect of the country has been set thinking about the fundamental questions of society and government2 and the new problems which have to be solved and the new difficulties which have to be encountered are calling forth new activity of thought1 and that great nation is saved probably for a long time to come1 from the most formidable danger of a completely settled state of society and opinion--intellectual and moral stagnation4 ,this1 then1 is an additional item of the debt which ,america and mankind owe to ,mr4 ,garrison and his noble associates2 and it is well calculated to deepen our sense of the truth which his whole career most strikingly illustrates--that tho our best directed efforts may often seem wasted and lost1 nothing coming of them that can be pointed to and distinctly identified as a definite gain to humanity1 tho this may happen ninety-nine times in every hundred1 the hundredth time the result may be so great and dazzling that we had never dared to hope for it1 and should have regarded him who had predicted it to us as sanguine beyond the bounds of mental sanity4 ,so has it been with ,mr4 ,garrison4 ,it will be beneficial for your all-round development in speaking to choose for earnest study several speeches of widely different character4 ,as you compare one speech with another1 you will more readily see why each subject requires a different form of treatment1 and also learn to judge how the speaker has availed himself of the possibilities afforded him4 ,judge ,story ,the speech which follows is a fine example of elevated and impassioned oratory4 ,judge ,story here lauds the ,american ,republic1 and employs to advantage the rhetorical figures of exclamation and interrogation4 ,as you examine this speech you will notice that the speaker himself was moved by deep conviction4 ,his own belief stamped itself upon his words1 and throughout there is the unmistakable mark of sincerity4 ,you are impressed by the comprehensive treatment of the subject4 ,the orator here speaks out of a full mind1 and you feel that you would confidently trust yourself to his leadership4 ,when we reflect on what has been and what is1 how is it possible not to feel a profound sense of the responsibilities of this ,republic to all future ages8 ,what vast motives press upon us for lofty efforts6 ,what brilliant prospects invite our enthusiasm6 ,what solemn warnings at once demand our vigilance and moderate our confidence6 ,the ,old ,world has already revealed to us1 in its unsealed books1 the beginning and the end of all marvelous struggles in the cause of liberty4 ,greece6 lovely ,greece6 'the land of scholars and the nurse of arms1' where sister republics1 in fair processions chanted the praise of liberty and the good1 where and what is she8 ,for two thousand years the oppressors have bound her to the earth4 ,her arts are no more4 ,the last sad relics of her temples are but the barracks of a ruthless soldiery2 the fragments of her columns and her palaces are in the dust1 yet beautiful in ruins4 ,she fell not when the mighty were upon her4 ,her sons united at ,thermopyl and ,marathon2 and the tide of her triumph rolled back upon the ,hellespont4 ,she was conquered by her own factions--she fell by the hands of her own people4 ,the man of ,macedonia did not the work of destruction4 ,it was already done by her own corruptions1 banishments1 and dissensions4 ,rome6 whose eagles glanced in the rising and setting sun1 where and what is she6 ,the ,eternal ,city yet remains1 proud even in her desolation1 noble in her decline1 venerable in the majesty of religion1 and calm as in the composure of death4 ,the malaria has but traveled in the parts won by the destroyers4 ,more than eighteen centuries have mourned over the loss of the empire4 ,a mortal disease was upon her before ,csar had crossed the ,rubicon2 and ,brutus did not restore her health by the deep probings of the senate-chamber4 ,the ,goths1 and ,vandals1 and ,huns1 the swarms of the ,north1 completed only what was begun at home4 ,romans betrayed ,rome4 ,the legions were bought and sold1 but the people offered the tribute-money4 ,and where are the republics of modern times1 which cluster around immortal ,italy8 ,venice and ,genoa exist but in name4 ,the ,alps1 indeed1 look down upon the brave and peaceful ,swiss in their native fastnesses2 but the guaranty of their freedom is in their weakness1 and not in their strength4 ,the mountains are not easily crossed1 and the valleys are not easily retained4 ,when the invader comes1 he moves like an avalanche1 carrying destruction in his path4 ,the peasantry sink before him4 ,the country1 too1 is too poor for plunder1 and too rough for a valuable conquest4 ,nature presents her eternal barrier on every side1 to check the wantonness of ambition4 ,and ,switzerland remains with her simple institutions1 a military road to climates scarcely worth a permanent possession1 and protected by the jealousy of her neighbors4 ,we stand the latest1 and if we fall1 probably the last experiment of self-government by the people4 ,we have begun it under circumstances of the most auspicious nature4 ,we are in the vigor of youth4 ,our growth has never been checked by the oppression of tyranny4 ,our ,constitutions never have been enfeebled by the vice or the luxuries of the world4 ,such as we are1 we have been from the beginning3 simple1 hardy1 intelligent1 accustomed to self-government and self-respect4 ,the ,atlantic rolls between us and a formidable foe4 ,within our own territory1 stretching through many degrees of latitude1 we have the choice of many products1 and many means of independence4 ,the government is mild4 ,the press is free4 ,religion is free4 ,knowledge reaches1 or may reach every home4 ,what fairer prospects of success could be presented8 ,what means more adequate to accomplish the sublime end8 ,what more is necessary than for the people to preserve what they themselves have created8 ,already has the age caught the spirit of our institutions4 ,it has already ascended the ,andes1 and snuffed the breezes of both oceans4 ,it has infused itself into the life-blood of ,europe1 and warmed the sunny plains of ,france and the lowlands of ,holland4 ,it has touched the philosophy of ,germany and the ,north1 and1 moving onward to the ,south1 has opened to ,greece the lesson of her better days4 ,can it be that ,america under such circumstances should betray herself8 ,that she is to be added to the catalog of republics1 the inscription upon whose ruin is1 ',they were but they are not6' ,forbid it1 my countrymen6 forbid it1 ,heaven6 ,i call upon you1 fathers1 by the shades of your ancestors1 by the dear ashes which repose in this precious soil1 by all you are1 and all you hope to be1 resist every attempt to fetter your consciences1 or smother your public schools1 or extinguish your system of public instruction4 ,i call upon you1 mothers1 by that which never fails in woman1 the love of your offspring1 to teach them as they climb your knees or lean on your bosoms1 the blessings of liberty4 ,swear them at the altar1 as with their baptismal vows1 to be true to their country1 and never forsake her4 ,i call upon you1 young men1 to remember whose sons you are--whose inheritance you possess4 ,life can never be too short1 which brings nothing but disgrace and oppression4 ,death never comes too soon1 if necessary1 in defense of the liberties of our country4 ,you can advantageously read aloud many times a speech like the foregoing4 ,stand up and read it aloud once a day for a month1 and you will be conscious of a distinct improvement in your own command of persuasive speech4 ,w4 ,j4 ,fox ,the following is a specimen of masterly oratorical style1 from a sermon preached in ,london1 ,england1 by ,w4 ,j4 ,fox3 ,from the dawn of intellect and freedom ,greece has been a watchword on the earth4 ,there rose the social spirit to soften and refine her chosen race1 and shelter as in a nest her gentleness from the rushing storm of barbarism2 there liberty first built her mountain throne1 first called the waves her own1 and shouted across them a proud defiance to despotism's banded myriads1 there the arts and graces danced around humanity1 and stored man's home with comforts1 and strewed his path with roses1 and bound his brows with myrtle1 and fashioned for him the breathing statue1 and summoned him to temples of snowy marble1 and charmed his senses with all forms of eloquence1 and threw over his final sleep their veil of loveliness2 there sprung poetry1 like their own fabled goddess1 mature at once from the teeming intellect1 gilt with arts and armour that defy the assaults of time and subdue the heart of man2 there matchless orators gave the world a model of perfect eloquence1 the soul the instrument on which they played1 and every passion of our nature but a tone which the master's touch called forth at will2 there lived and taught the philosophers of bower and porch1 of pride and pleasure1 of deep speculation1 and of useful action1 who developed all the acuteness and refinement1 and excursiveness1 and energy of mind1 and were the glory of their country when their country was the glory of the earth4 ,william ,mc,kinley ,an eloquent speech1 worthy of close study1 is that of ,william ,mc,kinley on ,the ,characteristics of ,washington4 ,as you read it aloud1 note the short1 clear-cut sentences used in the introduction4 ,observe how the long sentence at the third paragraph gives the needed variation4 ,carefully study the compact ,english style1 and the use of forceful expressions of the speaker1 as ,he blazed the path to liberty4 ,fellow ,citizens3--,there is a peculiar and tender sentiment connected with this memorial4 ,it expresses not only the gratitude and reverence of the living1 but is a testimonial of affection and homage from the dead4 ,the comrades of ,washington projected this monument4 ,their love inspired it4 ,their contributions helped to build it4 ,past and present share in its completion1 and future generations will profit by its lessons4 ,to participate in the dedication of such a monument is a rare and precious privilege4 ,every monument to ,washington is a tribute to patriotism4 ,every shaft and statue to his memory helps to inculcate love of country1 encourage loyalty1 and establish a better citizenship4 ,god bless every undertaking which revives patriotism and rebukes the indifferent and lawless6 ,a critical study of ,washington's career only enhances our estimation of his vast and varied abilities4 ,as ,commander-in-chief of the ,colonial armies from the beginning of the war to the proclamation of peace1 as president of the convention which framed the ,constitution of the ,united ,states1 and as the first ,president of the ,united ,states under that ,constitution1 ,washington has a distinction differing from that of all other illustrious ,americans4 ,no other name bears or can bear such a relation to the ,government4 ,not only by his military genius--his patience1 his sagacity1 his courage1 and his skill--was our national independence won1 but he helped in largest measure to draft the chart by which the ,nation was guided2 and he was the first chosen of the people to put in motion the new ,government4 ,his was not the boldness of martial display or the charm of captivating oratory1 but his calm and steady judgment won men's support and commanded their confidence by appealing to their best and noblest aspirations4 ,and withal ,washington was ever so modest that at no time in his career did his personality seem in the least intrusive4 ,he was above the temptation of power4 ,he spurned the suggested crown4 ,he would have no honor which the people did not bestow4 ,an interesting fact--and one which ,i love to recall--is that the only time ,washington formally addrest the ,constitutional ,convention during all its sessions over which he presided in this city1 he appealed for a larger representation of the people in the ,national ,house of ,representatives1 and his appeal was instantly heeded4 ,thus was he ever keenly watchful of the rights of the people in whose hands was the destiny of our ,government then as now4 ,masterful as were his military campaigns1 his civil administration commands equal admiration4 ,his foresight was marvelous2 his conception of the philosophy of government1 his insistence upon the necessity of education1 morality1 and enlightened citizenship to the progress and permanence of the ,republic can not be contemplated even at this period without filling us with astonishment at the breadth of his comprehension and the sweep of his vision4 ,his was no narrow view of government4 ,the immediate present was not the sole concern1 but our future good his constant theme of study4 ,he blazed the path of liberty4 ,he laid the foundation upon which we have grown from weak and scattered ,colonial governments to a united ,republic whose domains and power as well as whose liberty and freedom have become the admiration of the world4 ,distance and time have not detracted from the fame and force of his achievements or diminished the grandeur of his life and work4 ,great deeds do not stop in their growth1 and those of ,washington will expand in influence in all the centuries to follow4 ,the bequest ,washington has made to civilization is rich beyond computation4 ,the obligations under which he has placed mankind are sacred and commanding4 ,the responsibility he has left1 for the ,american people to preserve and perfect what he accomplished1 is exacting and solemn4 ,let us rejoice in every new evidence that the people realize what they enjoy1 and cherish with affection the illustrious heroes of ,revolutionary story whose valor and sacrifices made us a nation4 ,they live in us1 and their memory will help us keep the covenant entered into for the maintenance of the freest ,government of earth4 ,the nation and the name ,washington are inseparable4 ,one is linked indissolubly with the other4 ,both are glorious1 both triumphant4 ,washington lives and will live because of what he did for the exaltation of man1 the enthronement of conscience1 and the establishment of a ,government which recognizes all the governed4 ,and so1 too1 will the ,nation live victorious over all obstacles1 adhering to the immortal principles which ,washington taught and ,lincoln sustained4 ,edward ,everett ,the following extract from ,the ,foundation of ,national ,character1 by ,edward ,everett1 is a fine example of patriotic appeal4 ,read it aloud1 and note how the orator speaks with deep feeling and stirs the same feeling in you4 ,this impression is largely due to the simple1 sincere1 right-onward style of the speaker1--qualities of his own well-known character4 ,it will amply repay you to read this extract aloud at least once a day for a week or more1 so that its superior elements of thought and style may be deeply imprest on your mind4 ,how is the spirit of a free people to be formed1 and animated1 and cheered1 but out of the storehouse of its historic recollections8 ,are we to be eternally ringing the changes upon ,marathon and ,thermopyl2 and going back to read in obscure texts of ,greek and ,latin1 of the exemplars of patriotic virtue8 ,i thank ,god that we can find them nearer home1 in our own soil2 that strains of the noblest sentiment that ever swelled in the breast of man1 are breathing to us out of every page of our country's history1 in the native eloquence of our mother-tongue1--that the colonial and provincial councils of ,america exhibit to us models of the spirits and character which gave ,greece and ,rome their name and their praise among nations4 ,here we ought to go for our instruction2--the lesson is plain1 it is clear1 it is applicable4 ,when we go to ancient history1 we are bewildered with the difference of manners and institutions4 ,we are willing to pay our tribute of applause to the memory of ,leonidas1 who fell nobly for his country in the face of his foe4 ,but when we trace him to his home1 we are confounded at the reflection1 that the same ,spartan heroism1 to which he sacrificed himself at ,thermopyl1 would have led him to tear his own child1 if it had happened to be a sickly babe1--the very object for which all that is kind and good in man rises up to plead1--from the bosom of his mother1 and carry it out to be eaten by the wolves of ,taygetus4 ,we feel a glow of admiration at the heroism displayed at ,marathon by the ten thousand champions of invaded ,greece2 but we can not forget that the tenth part of the number were slaves1 unchained from the workshops and doorposts of their masters1 to go and fight the battles of freedom4 ,i do not mean that these examples are to destroy the interest with which we read the history of ancient times2 they possibly increase that interest by the very contrast they exhibit4 ,but they warn us1 if we need the warning1 to seek our great practical lessons of patriotism at home2 out of the exploits and sacrifices of which our own country is the theater2 out of the characters of our own fathers4 ,them we know1--the high-souled1 natural1 unaffected1 the citizen heroes4 ,we know what happy firesides they left for the cheerless camp4 ,we know with what pacific habits they dared the perils of the field4 ,there is no mystery1 no romance1 no madness1 under the name of chivalry about them4 ,it is all resolute1 manly resistance for conscience and liberty's sake not merely of an overwhelming power1 but of all the force of long-rooted habits and native love of order and peace4 ,above all1 their blood calls to us from the soil which we tread2 it beats in our veins2 it cries to us not merely in the thrilling words of one of the first victims in this cause--',my sons1 scorn to be slaves6'--but it cries with a still more moving eloquence--',my sons1 forget not your fathers6' ,john ,quincy ,adams ,john ,quincy ,adams1 in his speech on ,the ,life and ,character of ,lafayette1 gives us a fine example of elevated and serious-minded utterance4 ,the following extract from this speech can be studied with profit4 ,particularly note the use of sustained sentences1 and the happy collocation of words4 ,the concluding paragraph should be closely examined as a study in impressive climax4 ,pronounce him one of the first men of his age1 and you have yet not done him justice4 ,try him by that test to which he sought in vain to stimulate the vulgar and selfish spirit of ,napoleon2 class him among the men who1 to compare and seat themselves1 must take in the compass of all ages2 turn back your eyes upon the records of time2 summon1 from the creation of the world to this day1 the mighty dead of every age and every clime1--and where1 among the race of merely mortal men1 shall one be found who1 as the benefactor of his kind1 shall claim to take precedence of ,lafayette8 ,there have doubtless been in all ages men whose discoveries or inventions in the world of matter1 or of mind1 have opened new avenues to the dominion of man over the material creation2 have increased his means or his faculties of enjoyment2 have raised him in nearer approximation to that higher and happier condition1 the object of his hopes and aspirations in his present state of existence4 ,lafayette discovered no new principle of politics or of morals4 ,he invented nothing in science4 ,he disclosed no new phenomenon in the laws of nature4 ,born and educated in the highest order of feudal nobility1 under the most absolute monarchy of ,europe2 in possession of an affluent fortune1 and master of himself and of all his capabilities1 at the moment of attaining manhood the principle of republican justice and of social equality took possession of his heart and mind1 as if by inspiration from above4 ,he devoted himself1 his life1 his fortune1 his hereditary honors1 his towering ambition1 his splendid hopes1 all to the cause of ,liberty4 ,he came to another hemisphere to defend her4 ,he became one of the most effective champions of our independence2 but1 that once achieved1 he returned to his own country1 and thenceforward took no part in the controversies which have divided us4 ,in the events of our ,revolution1 and in the forms of policy which we have adopted for the establishment and perpetuation of our freedom1 ,lafayette found the most perfect form of government4 ,he wished to add nothing to it4 ,he would gladly have abstracted nothing from it4 ,instead of the imaginary ,republic of ,plato1 or the ,utopia of ,sir ,thomas ,more1 he took a practical existing model in actual operation here1 and never attempted or wished more than to apply it faithfully to his own country4 ,it was not given to ,moses to enter the promised land2 but he saw it from the summit of ,pisgah4 ,it was not given to ,lafayette to witness the consummation of his wishes in the establishment of a ,republic and the extinction of all hereditary rule in ,france4 ,his principles were in advance of the age and hemisphere in which he lived4444 ,the prejudices and passions of the people of ,france rejected the principle of inherited power in every station of public trust1 excepting the first and highest of them all2 but there they clung to it1 as did the ,israelites of old to the savory deities of ,egypt4 ,when the principle of hereditary dominion shall be extinguished in all the institutions of ,france2 when government shall no longer be considered as property transmissible from sire to son1 but as a trust committed for a limited time1 and then to return to the people whence it came2 as a burdensome duty to be discharged1 and not as a reward to be abused2--then will be the time for contemplating the character of ,lafayette1 not merely in the events of his life1 but in the full development of his intellectual conceptions1 of his fervent aspirations1 of the labors1 and perils1 and sacrifices of his long and eventful career upon earth2 and thenceforward till the hour when the trumpet of the ,archangel shall sound to announce that time shall be no more1 the name of ,lafayette shall stand enrolled upon the annals of our race high on the list of pure and disinterested benefactors of mankind4 ,i have selected these extracts for your convenient use1 as embodying both thought and style worthy of your careful study4 ,read them aloud at every opportunity1 and you will be gratified at the steady improvement such practise will make in your own speaking power4 ,,history ,,of ,,public ,,speaking ,,men ,,who ,,have ,,made ,,history ,,in ,,public ,,speaking--,,and ,,their ,,methods ,the great orators of the world did not regard eloquence as simply an endowment of nature1 but applied themselves diligently to cultivating their powers of expression4 ,in many cases there was unusual natural ability1 but such men knew that regular study and practise were essential to success in this coveted art4 ,the oration can be traced back to ,hebrew literature4 ,in the first chapter of ,deuteronomy we find ,moses' speech in the end of the fortieth year1 briefly rehearsing the story of ,god's promise1 and of ,god's anger for their incredulity and disobedience4 ,the four orations in ,deuteronomy1 by ,moses1 are highly commended for their tenderness1 sublimity and passionate appeal4 ,you can advantageously read them aloud4 ,the oration of ,pericles over the graves of those who fell in the ,peloponnesian ,war1 is said to have been the first ,athenian oration designed for the public4 ,the agitated political times and the people's intense desire for learning combined to favor the development of oratory in ancient ,greece4 ,questions of great moment had to be discust and serious problems solved4 ,as the orator gradually became the most powerful influence in the ,state1 the art of oratory was more and more recognized as the supreme accomplishment of the educated man4 ,demosthenes ,demosthenes stands preeminent among ,greek orators4 ,his well-known oration ,on the ,crown1 the preparation of which occupied a large part of seven years1 is regarded as the oratorical masterpiece of all history4 ,it is encouraging to the student of public speaking to recall that this distinguished orator at first had serious natural defects to overcome4 ,his voice was weak1 he stammered in his speech1 and was painfully diffident4 ,these faults were remedied1 as is well-known1 by earnest daily practise in declaiming on the sea-shore1 with pebbles in the mouth1 walking up and down hill while reciting1 and deliberately seeking occasions for conversing with groups of people4 ,the chief lesson for you to draw from ,demosthenes is that he was indefatigable in his study of the art of oratory4 ,he left nothing to chance4 ,his speeches were characterized by deliberate forethought4 ,he excelled other men not because of great natural ability but because of intelligent and continuous industry4 ,he stands for all time as the most inspiring example of oratorical achievement1 despite almost insuperable difficulties4 ,cicero ,the fame of ,roman oratory rests upon ,cicero1 whose eloquence was second only to that of ,demosthenes4 ,he was a close student of the art of speaking4 ,he was so intense and vehement by nature that he was obliged in his early career to spend two years in ,greece1 exercising in the gymnasium in order to restore his shattered constitution4 ,his nervous temperament clung to him1 however1 since he made this significant confession after long years of practise in public speaking4 ,i declare that when ,i think of the moment when ,i shall have to rise and speak in defense of a client1 ,i am not only disturbed in mind1 but tremble in every limb of my body4 ,it is well to note here that a nervous temperament may be a help rather than a hindrance to a speaker4 ,indeed1 it is the highly sensitive nature that often produces the most persuasive orator1 but only when he has learned to conserve and properly use this valuable power4 ,cicero was a living embodiment of the comprehensive requirements laid down by the ancients as essential to the orator4 ,he had a knowledge of logic1 ethics1 astronomy1 philosophy1 geometry1 music1 and rhetoric4 ,little wonder1 therefore1 that his amazing eloquence was described as a resistless torrent4 ,luther ,martin ,luther was the dominating orator of the ,reformation4 ,he combined a strong physique with great intellectual power4 ,if ,i wish to compose1 or write1 or pray1 or preach well1 said he1 ,i must be angry4 ,then all the blood in my veins is stirred1 my understanding is sharpened1 and all dismal thoughts and temptations are dissipated4 ,what the great ,reformer called anger1 we would call indignation or earnestness4 ,john ,knox ,john ,knox1 the ,scotch reformer1 was a preeminent preacher4 ,his pulpit style was characterized by a fiery eloquence which stirred his hearers to great enthusiasm and sometimes to violence4 ,bossuet ,bossuet1 regarded as the greatest orator ,france has produced1 was a fearless and inspired speaker4 ,his style was dignified and deliberate1 but as he warmed with his theme his thought took fire and he carried his hearers along upon a swiftly moving tide of impassioned eloquence4 ,when he spoke from the text1 ,be wise1 therefore1 ,o ye ,kings6 be instructed1 ye judges of the earth6 the ,king himself was thrilled as with a religious terror4 ,to ripe scholarship ,bossuet added a voice that was deep and sonorous1 an imposing personality1 and an animated style of gesture4 ,lamartine described his voice as like that of the thunder in the clouds1 or the organ in the cathedral4 ,bourdaloue ,louis ,bourdaloue1 styled the preacher of ,kings1 and the ,king of preachers1 was a speaker of versatile powers4 ,he could adapt his style to any audience1 and mechanics left their shops1 merchants their business1 and lawyers their court house in order to hear him4 ,his high personal character1 simplicity of life1 and clear and logical utterance combined to make him an accomplished orator4 ,massillon ,massillon preached directly to the hearts of his hearers4 ,he was of a deeply affectionate nature1 hence his style was that of tender persuasiveness rather than of declamation4 ,he had remarkable spiritual insight and knowledge of the human heart1 and was himself deeply moved by the truths which he proclaimed to other men4 ,lord ,chatham ,lord ,chatham's oratorical style was formed on the classic model4 ,his intellect1 at once comprehensive and vigorous1 combined with deep and intense feeling1 fitted him to become one of the highest types of orators4 ,he was dignified and graceful1 sometimes vehement1 always commanding4 ,he ruled the ,british parliament by sheer force of eloquence4 ,his voice was a wonderful instrument1 so completely under control that his lowest whisper was distinctly heard1 and his full tones completely filled the ,house4 ,he had supreme self-confidence1 and a sense of superiority over those around him which acted as an inspiration to his own mind4 ,burke ,burke was a great master of ,english prose as well as a great orator4 ,he took large means to deal with large subjects4 ,he was a man of immense power1 and his stride was the stride of a giant4 ,he has been credited with passion1 intensity1 imagination1 nobility1 and amplitude4 ,his style was sonorous and majestic4 ,sheridan ,sheridan became a foremost parliamentary speaker and debater1 despite early discouragements4 ,his well-known answer to a friend1 who adversely criticized his speaking1 ,it is in me1 and it shall come out of me6 has for years given new encouragement to many a student of public speaking4 ,he applied himself with untiring industry to the development of all his powers1 and so became one of the most distinguished speakers of his day4 ,charles ,james ,fox ,charles ,james ,fox was a plain1 practical1 forceful orator of the thoroughly ,english type4 ,his qualities of sincerity1 vehemence1 simplicity1 ruggedness1 directness and dexterity1 combined with a manly fearlessness1 made him a formidable antagonist in any debate4 ,facts1 analogies1 illustrations1 intermingled with wit1 feeling1 and ridicule1 gave charm and versatility to his speaking unsurpassed in his time4 ,lord ,brougham ,lord ,brougham excelled in cogent1 effective argument4 ,his impassioned reasoning often made ordinary things interesting4 ,he ingratiated himself by his wise and generous sentiments1 and his uncompromising solicitude for his country4 ,he always succeeded in getting through his protracted and parenthetical sentences without confusion to his hearers or to himself4 ,he could see from the beginning of a sentence precisely what the end would be4 ,john ,quincy ,adams ,john ,quincy ,adams won a high place as a debater and orator in his speech in ,congress upon the right of petition1 delivered in #ahcg4 ,a formidable antagonist1 pugnacious by temperament1 uniformly dignified1 a profound scholar1--his is a name recorded on the brightest page of ,american history1 as statesman1 diplomatist1 philosopher1 orator1 author1 and1 above all a ,christian4 ,patrick ,henry ,patrick ,henry was a man of extraordinary eloquence4 ,in his day he was regarded as the greatest orator in ,america4 ,in his early efforts as a speaker he hesitated much and throughout his career often gave an impression of natural timidity4 ,he has been favorably compared with ,lord ,chatham for fire1 force1 and personal energy4 ,his power was largely due to a rare gift of lucid and concise statement4 ,henry ,clay ,the eloquence of ,henry ,clay was magisterial1 persuasive1 and irresistible4 ,so great was his personal magnetism that multitudes came great distances to hear him4 ,he was a man of brilliant intellect1 fertile fancy1 chivalrous nature1 and patriotic fervor4 ,he had a clear1 rotund1 melodious voice1 under complete command4 ,he held1 it is said1 the keys to the hearts of his countrymen4 ,calhoun ,the eloquence of ,john ,caldwell ,calhoun has been described by ,daniel ,webster as plain1 strong1 terse1 condensed1 concise2 sometimes impassioned1 still always severe4 ,rejecting ornament1 not often seeking far for illustrations1 his power consisted in the plainness of his propositions1 in the closeness of his logic1 and in the earnestness and energy of his manner4 ,he exerted unusual influence over the opinions of great masses of men4 ,he had remarkable power of analysis and logical skill4 ,originality1 self-reliance1 impatience1 aggressiveness1 persistence1 sincerity1 honesty1 ardor1--these were some of the personal qualities which gave him dominating influence over his generation4 ,daniel ,webster ,daniel ,webster was a massive orator4 ,he combined logical and argumentative skill with a personality of extraordinary power and attractiveness4 ,he had a supreme scorn for tricks of oratory1 and a horror of epithets and personalities4 ,his best known speeches are those delivered on the anniversary at ,plymouth1 the laying of the corner-stone of ,bunker ,hill monument1 and the deaths of ,jefferson and ,adams4 ,edward ,everett ,edward ,everett was a man of scholastic tastes and habits4 ,his speaking style was remarkable for its literary finish and polished precision4 ,his sense of fitness saved him from serious faults of speech or manner4 ,he blended many graces in one1 and his speeches are worthy of study as models of oratorical style4 ,rufus ,choate ,rufus ,choate was a brilliant and persuasive extempore speaker4 ,he possest in high degree faculties essential to great oratory--a capacious mind1 retentive memory1 logical acumen1 vivid imagination1 deep concentration1 and wealth of language4 ,he had an extraordinary personal fascination1 largely due to his broad sympathy and geniality4 ,charles ,sumner ,charles ,sumner was a gifted orator4 ,his delivery was highly impressive1 due fundamentally to his innate integrity and elevated personal character4 ,he was a wide reader and profound student4 ,his style was energetic1 logical1 and versatile4 ,his intense patriotism and argumentative power1 won large favor with his hearers4 ,william ,e4 ,channing ,william ,ellery ,channing was a preacher of unusual eloquence and intellectual power4 ,he was small in stature1 but of surpassing grace4 ,his voice was soft and musical1 and wonderfully responsive to every change of emotion that arose in his mind4 ,his eloquence was not forceful nor forensic1 but gentle and persuasive4 ,his monument bears this high tribute3 ,in memory of ,william ,ellery ,channing1 honored throughout ,christendom for his eloquence and courage in maintaining and advancing the great cause of truth1 religion1 and human freedom4 ,wendell ,phillips ,wendell ,phillips was one of the most graceful and polished orators4 ,to his conversational style he added an exceptional vocabulary1 a clear and flexible voice1 and a most fascinating personality4 ,he produced his greatest effects by the simplest means4 ,he combined humor1 pathos1 sarcasm and invective with rare skill1 yet his style was so simple that a child could have understood him4 ,george ,william ,curtis ,george ,william ,curtis has been described in his private capacity as natural1 gentle1 manly1 refined1 simple1 and unpretending4 ,he was the last of the great school of ,everett1 ,sumner1 and ,phillips4 ,his art of speaking had an enduring charm1 and he completely satisfied the taste for pure and dignified speech4 ,his voice was of silvery clearness1 which carried to the furthermost part of the largest hall4 ,gladstone ,gladstone was an orator of preeminent power4 ,in fertility of thought1 spontaneity of expression1 modulation of voice1 and grace of gesture1 he has had few equals4 ,he always spoke from a deep sense of duty4 ,when he began a sentence you could not always foresee how he would end it1 but he always succeeded4 ,he had an extraordinary wealth of words and command of the ,english language4 ,gladstone has been described as having eagerness1 self-control1 mastery of words1 gentle persuasiveness1 prodigious activity1 capacity for work1 extreme seriousness1 range of experience1 constructive power1 mastery of detail1 and deep concentration4 ,so vast and so well ordered was the arsenal of his mind1 that he could both instruct and persuade1 stimulate his friends and demolish his opponents1 and do all these things at an hour's notice4 ,he was essentially a devout man1 and unquestionably his spiritual character was the fundamental secret of his transcendent power4 ,a keen observer thus describes him3 ,while this great and famous figure was in the ,house of ,commons1 the ,house had eyes for no other person4 ,his movements on the bench1 restless and eager1 his demeanor when on his legs1 whether engaged in answering a simple question1 expounding an intricate ,bill1 or thundering in vehement declamation1 his dramatic gestures1 his deep and rolling voice with its wide compass and marked northern accent1 his flashing eye1 his almost incredible command of ideas and words1 made a combination of irresistible fascination and power4 ,john ,bright ,john ,bright won a foremost place among ,british orators largely because of his power of clear statement and vivid description4 ,his manner was at once ingratiating and commanding4 ,his way of putting things was so lucid and convincing that it was difficult to express the same ideas in any other words with equal force4 ,one of the secrets of his success1 it is said1 was his command of colloquial simile1 apposite stories1 and ready wit4 ,mr4 ,bright always had himself well in hand1 yet his style at times was volcanic in its force and impetuosity4 ,he would shut himself up for days preparatory to delivering a great speech1 and tho he committed many passages to memory1 his manner in speaking was entirely free from artifice4 ,lincoln ,lincoln's power as a speaker was due to a combination of rugged gifts4 ,self-reliance1 sympathy1 honesty1 penetration1 broad-mindedness1 modesty1 and independence1--these were keynotes to his great character4 ,the ,gettysburg speech of less than #cjj words is regarded as the greatest short speech in history4 ,lincoln's aim was always to say the most sensible thing in the clearest terms1 and in the fewest possible words4 ,his supreme respect for his hearers won their like respect for him4 ,there is a valuable suggestion for the student of public speaking in this description of ,lincoln's boyhood3 ,abe read diligently4 ,he read every book he could lay his hands on1 and when he came across a passage that struck him1 he would write it down on boards if he had no paper1 and keep it there until he did get paper4 ,then he would rewrite it1 look at it1 repeat it4 ,he had a copy book1 a kind of scrap-book1 in which he put down all things1 and thus preserved them4 ,daniel ,o',connell ,daniel ,o',connell was one of the most popular orators of his day4 ,he had a deep1 sonorous1 flexible voice1 which he used to great advantage4 ,he had a wonderful gift of touching the human heart1 now melting his hearers by his pathos1 then convulsing them with his quaint humor4 ,he was attractive in manner1 generous in feeling1 spontaneous in expression1 and free from rhetorical trickery4 ,as you read this brief sketch of some of the world's great orators1 it should be inspiring to you as a student of public speaking to know something of their trials1 difficulties1 methods and triumphs4 ,they have left great examples to be emulated1 and to read about them and to study their methods is to follow somewhat in their footsteps4 ,great speeches1 like great pictures1 are inspired by great subjects and great occasions4 ,when a speaker is moved to vindicate the national honor1 to speak in defense of human rights1 or in some other great cause1 his thought and expression assume new and wonderful power4 ,all the resources of his mind--will1 imagination1 memory1 and emotion1--are stimulated into unusual activity4 ,his theme takes complete possession of him and he carries conviction to his hearers by the force1 sincerity1 and earnestness of his delivery4 ,it is to this exalted type of oratory ,i would have you aspire4 ,,extracts ,,for ,,study1 ,,with ,,lesson ,,talk ,,examples ,,of ,,oratory ,,and ,,how ,,to ,,study ,,them ,it will be beneficial to you in this connection to study examples of speeches by the world's great orators4 ,i furnish you here with a few short specimens which will serve this purpose4 ,carefully note the suggestions and the numbered extract to which they refer4 #a4 ,practise this example for climax4 ,as you read it aloud1 gradually increase the intensity of your voice but do not unduly elevate the key4 #b4 ,study this particularly for its suggestive value to you as a public speaker4 #c4 ,practise this for fervent appeal4 ,articulate distinctly4 ,pause after each question4 ,do not rant or declaim1 but speak it4 #d4 ,study this for its sustained sentences and dignity of style4 #e4 ,analyze this for its strength of thought and diction4 ,note the effective repetition of ,i care not4 ,commit the passage to memory4 #f4 ,read this for elevated and patriotic feeling4 ,render it aloud in deliberate and thoughtful style4 #g4 ,particularly observe the judicial clearness of this example4 ,note the felicitous use of language4 #h4 ,read this aloud for oratorical style4 ,fit the words to your lips4 ,engrave the passage on your mind by frequent repetition4 #i4 ,study this passage for its profound and prophetic thought4 ,render it aloud in slow and dignified style4 #aj4 ,practise this for its sustained power4 ,the words let him should be intensified at each repetition1 and the phrase and show me the man brought out prominently4 #aa4 ,study this for its beauty and variety of language4 ,meditate upon it as a model of what a speaker should be4 #ab4 ,note the strength in the repeated phrase ,i will never say4 ,observe the power1 nobility and courage manifest throughout4 ,the closing sentence should be read in a deeply earnest tone and at a gradually slower rate4 #ac4 ,read this for its purity and strength of style4 ,note the effective use of question and answer4 #ad4 ,study this passage for its common sense and exalted thought4 ,note how each sentence is rounded out into fulness1 until it is imprest upon your memory4 ,extracts for ,study ,,specimens ,,of ,,eloquence ,a ,study in ,climax #a4 ,my lords1 these are the securities which we have in all the constituent parts of the body of this ,house4 ,we know them1 we reckon them1 rest upon them1 and commit safely the interests of ,india and of humanity into your hands4 ,therefore it is with confidence that1 ordered by the ,commons1 ,i impeach him in the name of all the ,commons of ,great ,britain in ,parliament assembled1 whose parliamentary trust he has betrayed4 ,i impeach him in the name of the ,commons of ,great ,britain1 whose national character he has dishonored4 ,i impeach him in the name of the people of ,india1 whose laws1 rights1 and liberties he has subverted1 whose properties he has destroyed1 whose country he has laid waste and desolate4 ,i impeach him in the name and by virtue of those eternal laws of justice which he has violated4 ,i impeach him in the name of human nature itself1 which he has cruelly outraged1 injured1 and opprest in both sexes1 in every age1 rank1 situation1 and condition of life4--,impeachment of ,warren ,hastings3 ,,edmund ,,burke4 ,suggestions to the ,public ,speaker #b4 ,i am now requiring not merely great preparation while the speaker is learning his art but after he has accomplished his education4 ,the most splendid effort of the most mature orator will be always finer for being previously elaborated with much care4 ,there is1 no doubt1 a charm in extemporaneous elocution1 derived from the appearance of artless1 unpremeditated effusion1 called forth by the occasion1 and so adapting itself to its exigencies1 which may compensate the manifold defects incident to this kind of composition3 that which is inspired by the unforeseen circumstances of the moment1 will be of necessity suited to those circumstances in the choice of the topics1 and pitched in the tone of the execution1 to the feelings upon which it is to operate4 ,these are great virtues3 it is another to avoid the besetting vice of modern oratory--the overdoing everything--the exhaustive method--which an off-hand speaker has no time to fall into1 and he accordingly will take only the grand and effective view2 nevertheless1 in oratorical merit1 such effusions must needs be very inferior2 much of the pleasure they produce depends upon the hearer's surprize that in such circumstances anything can be delivered at all1 rather than upon his deliberate judgment1 that he has heard anything very excellent in itself4 ,we may rest assured that the highest reaches of the art1 and without any necessary sacrifice of natural effect1 can only be attained by him who well considers1 and maturely prepares1 and oftentimes sedulously corrects and refines his oration4 ,such preparation is quite consistent with the introduction of passages prompted by the occasion1 nor will the transition from one to the other be perceptible in the execution of the practised master4--,inaugural ,discourse3 ,,lord ,,brougham4 ,a ,study in ,fervent ,appeal #c4 ,it is in vain1 sir1 to extenuate the matter4 ,gentlemen may cry1 peace1 peace--but there is no peace4 ,the war is actually begun6 ,the next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms6 ,our brethren are already in the field6 ,why stand we here idle8 ,what is it that gentlemen wish8 ,what would they have8 ,is life so dear or peace so sweet1 as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery8 ,forbid it1 ,almighty ,god6 ,i know not what course others may take1 but as for me1 give me liberty1 or give me death6--,the ,war ,inevitable3 ,,patrick ,,henry4 ,a ,study in ,dignity and ,style #d4 ,in retiring as ,i am about to do1 forever1 from the ,senate1 suffer me to express my heartfelt wishes that all the great and patriotic objects of the wise framers of our ,constitution may be fulfilled2 that the high destiny designed for it may be fully answered2 and that its deliberations1 now and hereafter1 may eventuate in securing the prosperity of our beloved country1 in maintaining its rights and honor abroad1 and upholding its interests at home4 ,i retire1 ,i know1 at a period of infinite distress and embarrassment4 ,i wish ,i could take my leave of you under more favorable auspices2 but without meaning at this time to say whether on any or on whom reproaches for the sad condition of the country should fall1 ,i appeal to the ,senate and to the world to bear testimony to my earnest and continued exertions to avert it1 and to the truth that no blame can justly attach to me4--,farewell ,address3 ,,henry ,,clay4 ,a ,study in ,strength and ,diction #e4 ,for myself1 ,i believe there is no limit fit to be assigned to it by the human mind1 because ,i find at work everywhere1 on both sides of the ,atlantic1 under various forms and degrees of restriction on the one hand1 and under various degrees of motive and stimulus on the other1 in these branches of the common race1 the great principle of the freedom of human thought1 and the respectability of individual character4 ,i find everywhere an elevation of the character of man as man1 an elevation of the individual as a component part of society4 ,i find everywhere a rebuke of the idea that the many are made for the few1 or that government is anything but an agency for mankind4 ,and ,i care not beneath what zone1 frozen1 temperate1 or torrid2 ,i care not of what complexion1 white1 or brown2 ,i care not under what circumstances of climate or cultivation--if ,i can find a race of men on an inhabited spot of earth whose general sentiment it is1 and whose general feeling it is1 that government is made for man--man1 as a religious1 moral1 and social being--and not man for government1 there ,i know that ,i shall find prosperity and happiness4--,the ,landing at ,plymouth3 ,,daniel ,,webster4 ,a ,study in ,patriotic ,feeling #f4 ,friends1 fellow citizens1 free1 prosperous1 happy ,americans6 ,the men who did so much to make you are no more4 ,the men who gave nothing to pleasure in youth1 nothing to repose in age1 but all to that country whose beloved name filled their hearts1 as it does ours1 with joy1 can now do no more for us2 nor we for them4 ,but their memory remains1 we will cherish it2 their bright example remains1 we will strive to imitate it2 the fruit of their wise counsels and noble acts remains1 we will gratefully enjoy it4 ,they have gone to the companions of their cares1 of their dangers1 and their toils4 ,it is well with them4 ,the treasures of ,america are now in heaven4 ,how long the list of our good1 and wise1 and brave1 assembled there6 ,how few remain with us6 ,there is our ,washington2 and those who followed him in their country's confidence are now met together with him and all that illustrious company4--,adams and ,jefferson3 ,,edward ,,everett4 ,a ,study in ,clearness of ,expression #g4 ,i can not leave this life and character without selecting and dwelling a moment on one or two of his traits1 or virtues1 or felicities1 a little longer4 ,there is a collective impression made by the whole of an eminent person's life1 beyond1 and other than1 and apart from1 that which the mere general biographer would afford the means of explaining4 ,there is an influence of a great man derived from things indescribable1 almost1 or incapable of enumeration1 or singly insufficient to account for it1 but through which his spirit transpires1 and his individuality goes forth on the contemporary generation4 ,and thus1 ,i should say1 one grand tendency of his life and character was to elevate the whole tone of the public mind4 ,he did this1 indeed1 not merely by example4 ,he did it by dealing1 as he thought1 truly and in manly fashion with that public mind4 ,he evinced his love of the people not so much by honeyed phrases as by good counsels and useful service1 vera pro gratis4 ,he showed how he appreciated them by submitting sound arguments to their understandings1 and right motives to their free will4 ,he came before them1 less with flattery than with instruction2 less with a vocabulary larded with the words humanity and philanthropy1 and progress and brotherhood1 than with a scheme of politics1 an educational1 social and governmental system1 which would have made them prosperous1 happy and great4--,on the ,death of ,daniel ,webster3 ,,rufus ,,choate4 ,a ,study of ,oratorical ,style #h4 ,and yet this small people--so obscure and outcast in condition--so slender in numbers and in means--so entirely unknown to the proud and great--so absolutely without name in contemporary records--whose departure from the ,old ,world took little more than the breath of their bodies--are now illustrious beyond the lot of men2 and the ,mayflower is immortal beyond the ,grecian ,argo or the stately ship of any victorious admiral4 ,tho this was little foreseen in their day1 it is plain now how it has come to pass4 ,the highest greatness surviving time and storm is that which proceeds from the soul of man4 ,monarchs and cabinets1 generals and admirals1 with the pomp of courts and the circumstance of war1 in the gradual lapse of time disappear from sight2 but the pioneers of truth1 the poor and lowly1 especially those whose example elevates human nature and teaches the rights of man1 so that government of the people1 by the people1 and for the people shall not perish from the earth1 such harbingers can never be forgotten1 and their renown spreads coextensive with the cause they served4--,the ,qualities that ,win3 ,,charles ,,sumner4 ,a ,study in ,profound ,thinking #i4 ,there is something greater in the age than its greatest men2 it is the appearance of a new power in the world1 the appearance of the multitude of men on the stage where as yet the few have acted their parts alone4 ,this influence is to endure to the end of time4 ,what more of the present is to survive8 ,perhaps much of which we now fail to note4 ,the glory of an age is often hidden from itself4 ,perhaps some word has been spoken in our day which we have not designed to hear1 but which is to grow clearer and louder through all ages4 ,perhaps some silent thinker among us is at work in his closet whose name is to fill the earth4 ,perhaps there sleeps in his cradle some reformer who is to move the church and the world1 who is to open a new era in history1 who is to fire the human soul with new hope and new daring4 ,what else is to survive the age8 ,that which the age has little thought of1 but which is living in us all2 ,i mean the soul1 the immortal spirit4 ,of this all ages are the unfoldings1 and it is greater than all4 ,we must not feel1 in the contemplation of the vast movements in our own and former times1 as if we ourselves were nothing4 ,i repeat it1 we are greater than all4 ,we are to survive our age1 to comprehend it1 and to pronounce its sentence4--,the ,present ,age3 ,w4 ,e4 ,,channing4 ,a ,study of ,sustained ,power #aj4 ,now1 blue-eyed ,saxon1 proud of your race1 go back with me to the commencement of the century1 and select what statesman you please4 ,let him be either ,american or ,european2 let him have a brain the result of six generations of culture2 let him have the ripest training of university routine2 let him add to it the better education of practical life2 crown his temples with the silver locks of seventy years1 and show me the man of ,saxon lineage for whom his most sanguine admirer will wreathe a laurel1 rich as embittered foes have placed on the brow of this negro1--rare military skill1 profound knowledge of human nature1 content to blot out all party distinctions1 and trust a state to the blood of its sons1--anticipating ,sir ,robert ,peel fifty years1 and taking his station by the side of ,roger ,williams1 before any ,englishman or ,american had won the right2 and yet this is the record which the history of rival states makes up for this inspired black of ,st4 ,domingo4--,toussaint ,l',ouverture3 ,,wendell ,,phillips4 ,study in ,beauty of ,language #aa4 ,he faced his audience with a tranquil mien and a beaming aspect that was never dimmed4 ,he spoke1 and in the measured cadence of his quiet voice there was intense feeling1 but no declamation1 no passionate appeal1 no superficial and feigned emotion4 ,it was simple colloquy--a gentleman conversing4 ,unconsciously and surely the ear and heart were charmed4 ,how was it done8--,ah6 how did ,mozart do it1 how ,raffael8 ,the secret of the rose's sweetness1 of the bird's ecstacy1 of the sunset's glory--that is the secret of genius and of eloquence4 ,what was heard1 what was seen1 was the form of noble manhood1 the courteous and self-possest tone1 the flow of modulated speech1 sparkling with matchless richness of illustration1 with apt allusion and happy anecdote and historic parallel1 with wit and pitiless invective1 with melodious pathos1 with stinging satire1 with crackling epigram and limpid humor1 like the bright ripples that play around the sure and steady prow of the resistless ship4 ,like an illuminated vase of odors1 he glowed with concentrated and perfumed fire4 ,the divine energy of his conviction utterly possest him1 and his ,pure and eloquent blood ,spoke in his cheek1 and so distinctly wrought1 ,that one might almost say his body thought4 ,was it ,pericles swaying the ,athenian multitude8 ,was it ,apollo breathing the music of the morning from his lips8--,no1 no6 ,it was an ,american patriot1 a modern son of liberty1 with a soul as firm and as true as was ever consecrated to unselfish duty1 pleading with the ,american conscience for the chained and speechless victims of ,american inhumanity4--,eulogy of ,wendell ,phillips3 ,,george ,,william ,,curtis4 ,a ,study in ,powerful ,delivery #ab4 ,i thank you very cordially1 both friends and opponents1 if opponents you be1 for the extreme kindness with which you have heard me4 ,i have spoken1 and ,i must speak in very strong terms of the acts done by my opponents4 ,i will never say that they did it from passion2 ,i will never say that they did it from a sordid love of office2 ,i have no right to use such words2 ,i have no right to entertain such sentiments2 ,i repudiate and abjure them2 ,i give them credit for patriotic motives--,i give them credit for those patriotic motives which are incessantly and gratuitously denied to us4 ,i believe we are all united in a fond attachment to the great country to which we belong2 to the great empire which has committed to it a trust and function from ,providence1 as special and remarkable as was ever entrusted to any portion of the family of man4 ,when ,i speak of that trust and that function ,i feel that words fail4 ,i can not tell you what ,i think of the nobleness of the inheritance which has descended upon us1 of the sacredness of the duty of maintaining it4 ,i will not condescend to make it a part of controversial politics4 ,it is a part of my being1 of my flesh and blood1 of my heart and soul4 ,for those ends ,i have labored through my youth and manhood1 and1 more than that1 till my hairs are gray4 ,in that faith and practise ,i have lived1 and in that faith and practise ,i shall die4--,midlothian ,speech3 ,,william ,,ewart ,,gladstone4 ,a ,study in ,purity of ,style #ac4 ,is this a reality8 or is your ,christianity a romance8 is your profession a dream8 ,no1 ,i am sure that your ,christianity is not a romance1 and ,i am equally sure that your profession is not a dream4 ,it is because ,i believe this that ,i appeal to you with confidence1 and that ,i have hope and faith in the future4 ,i believe that we shall see1 and at no very distant time1 sound economic principles spreading much more widely among the people2 a sense of justice growing up in a soil which hitherto has been deemed unfruitful2 and1 which will be better than all--the churches of the ,united ,kingdom--the churches of ,britain awaking1 as it were1 from their slumbers1 and girding up their loins to more glorious work1 when they shall not only accept and believe in the prophecy1 but labor earnestly for its fulfilment1 that there shall come a time--a blessed time--a time which shall last forever--when nation shall not lift up sword against nation1 neither shall they learn war any more4--,peace3 ,,john ,,bright4 ,a ,study in ,common ,sense and ,exalted ,thought #ad4 ,my countrymen1 one and all1 think calmly and well upon this whole subject4 ,nothing valuable can be lost by taking time4 ,if there be an object to hurry any of you in hot haste to a step which you would never take deliberately1 that object will be frustrated by taking time2 but no good object can be frustrated by it4 ,such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the old ,constitution unimpaired1 and on the sensitive point1 the laws of your own framing under it2 while the new administration will have no immediate power1 if it would1 to change either4 ,if it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied hold the right side in this dispute there is still no single good reason for precipitate action4 ,intelligence1 patriotism1 ,christianity1 and a firm reliance on ,him who has never yet forsaken this favored land are still competent to adjust in the best way all our present difficulty4 ,in your hands1 my dissatisfied fellow countrymen1 and not in mine1 are the momentous issues of civil war4 ,the government will not assail you4 ,you can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors4 ,you have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the government1 while ,i shall have the most solemn one to preserve1 protect1 and defend it4--,the ,first ,inaugural ,address3 ,,abraham ,,lincoln4 ,,how ,,to ,,speak ,,in ,,public#a ,,by ,,grenville ,,kleiser ,footnote #a3 ,a talk given before ,the ,public ,speaking ,club of ,america4 ,the art of public speaking is so simple that it is difficult4 ,there is an erroneous impression that in order to make a successful speech a man must have unusual natural talent in addition to long and arduous study4 ,consequently1 many a person1 when asked to make a speech1 is immediately subjected to a feeling of fear or depression4 ,once committed to the undertaking1 he spends anxious days and sleepless nights in mental agony1 much as a criminal is said to do just prior to his execution4 ,when at last he attempts his maiden effort1 he is almost wholly unfit for his task because of the needless waste of thought and energy expended in fear4 ,elbert ,hubbard once confided to me that when he made deliberate preparation for an elaborate speech1--which was seldom1--it was invariably a disappointment4 ,to push a great speech before him for an hour or more used up most of his vitality4 ,it was like making a speech while attempting to carry a heavy burden on the back4 ,,how ,,the ,,speaker ,,must ,,prepare ,,himself ,there is1 of course1 certain preparation necessary for effective public speaking4 ,the so-called impromptu speech is largely the product of previous knowledge and study4 ,what the speaker has read1 what he has seen1 what he has heard1--in short1 what he actually knows1 furnishes the available material for his use4 ,as the public speaker gains in experience1 however1 he learns to put aside1 at the time of speaking1 all conscious thought of rules or methods4 ,he learns through discipline how to abandon himself to the subject in hand and to give spontaneous expression to all his powers4 ,primarily1 then1 the public speaker should have a well-stored mind4 ,he should have mental culture in a broad way2 sound judgment1 a sense of proportion1 mental alertness1 a retentive memory1 tact1 and common sense1--these are vital to good speaking4 ,the physical requirements of the public speaker comprise good health and bodily vigor4 ,he must have power of endurance1 since there will be at times arduous demands upon him4 ,it is worthy of note that most of the world's great orators have been men with great animal vitality4 ,the student of public speaking should give careful attention to his personal appearance1 which includes care of the teeth4 ,his clothes1 linen1 and the evidence of general care and cleanliness1 will play an important part in the impression he makes upon an audience4 ,elocutionary training is essential4 ,daily drill in deep breathing1 articulation1 pronunciation1 voice culture1 gesture1 and expression1 are prerequisites to polished speech4 ,experienced public speakers of the best type know the necessity for daily practise4 ,the mental training of the public speaker1 so often neglected1 should be regular and thorough4 ,a reliable memory and a vivid imagination are his indispensable allies4 ,the moral side of the public speaker will include the development of character1 sympathy1 self-confidence and kindred qualities4 ,to be a leader of other men1 a speaker must have clear1 settled1 vigorous views upon the subject under consideration4 ,so much1 briefly1 as to the previous preparation of the speaker4 ,,how ,,the ,,speaker ,,must ,,prepare ,,his ,,speech ,as to the speech itself1 the speaker first chooses a subject4 ,this will depend upon the nature of the occasion and the purpose in view4 ,he proceeds intelligently to gather material on his selected theme1 supplementing the resources of his own mind with information from books1 periodicals1 and other sources4 ,the next step is to make a brief1 or outline of his subject4 ,a brief is composed of three parts1 called the introduction1 the discussion or statement of facts1 and the conclusion4 ,principal ideas are placed under headings and subheadings4 ,the speaker next writes out his speech in full1 using the brief as the basis of procedure4 ,the discipline of writing out a speech1 even tho the intention is to speak without notes1 is of inestimable value4 ,it is one of the best indications of the speaker's thoroughness and sincerity4 ,when the speech has at last been carefully written out1 revised1 and approved1 should it be committed word for word to memory1 or only in part1 or should the speaker read from the manuscript8 ,,the ,,part ,,memory ,,plays ,,in ,,public ,,speaking ,here circumstances must govern4 ,the most approved method is to fix the thoughts clearly in mind1 and to trust to the time of speaking for exact phraseology4 ,this method requires1 however1 that the speaker rehearse his speech over and over again1 changing the form of the words frequently1 so as to acquire facility in the use of language4 ,the great objection to memoriter speaking is that it limits and handicaps the speaker4 ,he is like a schoolboy saying his piece4 ,he is in constant danger of running off the prescribed track and of having to begin again at some definite point4 ,the most effective speaker to-day is the one who can think clearly and promptly on his feet1 and can speak from his personality rather than from his memory4 ,untrammelled by manuscript or effort of memory1 he gives full and spontaneous expression to his powers4 ,on the other hand1 a speech from memory is like a recitation1 almost inevitably stilted and artificial in character4 ,,the ,,study ,,of ,,words ,,and ,,ideas ,those who would become highly proficient in public speaking should form the dictionary habit4 ,it is a profitable and pleasant exercise to study lists of words and to incorporate them in one's daily conversation4 ,ten minutes devoted regularly every day to this study will build the vocabulary in a rapid manner4 ,the study of words is really a study of ideas1--since words are symbols of ideas1--and while the student is increasing his working vocabulary1 in the way indicated1 he is at the same time furnishing his mind with new and useful ideas4 ,one of the best exercises for the student of public speaking is to read aloud daily1 taking care to read as he would speak4 ,he should choose one of the standard writers1 such as ,stevenson1 ,ruskin1 ,newman1 or ,carlyle1 and while reading severely criticize his delivery4 ,such reading should be done standing up and as if addressing an audience4 ,this simple exercise will1 in the course of a few weeks1 yield the most gratifying results4 ,it is true that ,all art must be preceded by a certain mechanical expertness1 but as the highest art is to conceal art1 a student must learn eventually to abandon thought of exercises and rules4 ,,essential ,,qualities ,,of ,,the ,,public ,,speaker ,the three greatest qualities in a successful public speaker are simplicity1 directness1 and deliberateness4 ,lincoln had these qualities in preeminent degree4 ,his speech at ,gettysburg--the model short speech of all history--occupied about three minutes in delivery4 ,edward ,everett well said afterward that he would have been content to make the same impression in three hours which ,lincoln made in that many minutes4 ,the great public speakers in all times have been earnest and diligent students4 ,we are familiar with the indefatigable efforts of ,demosthenes1 who rose from very ordinary circumstances1 and goaded by the realization of great natural defects1 through assiduous self-training eventually made the greatest of the world's orations1 ,the ,speech on the ,crown4 ,cicero was a painstaking disciple of the speaker's art and gave himself much to the discipline of the pen4 ,his masterly work on oratory in which he commends others to write much1 remains unsurpassed to this day4 ,john ,bright1 the eminent ,british orator1 always required time for preparation4 ,he read every morning from the ,bible1 from which he drew rich material for argument and illustration4 ,a remarkable thing about him was that he spoke seldom4 ,phillips ,brooks was an ideal speaker1 combining simplicity and sympathy in large degree4 ,he was a splendid type of pulpit orator produced by broad spiritual culture4 ,henry ,ward ,beecher had unique powers as a dramatic and eloquent speaker4 ,in his youth he hesitated in his speech1 which led him to study elocution4 ,he himself tells of how he went to the woods daily to practise vocal exercises4 ,he was an exponent of thorough preparation1 never speaking upon a subject until he had made it his own by diligent study4 ,like ,phillips ,brooks1 he was a man of large sympathy and imagination--two faculties indispensable to persuasive eloquence4 ,it was his oratory that first brought fame to ,gladstone4 ,he had a superb voice1 and he possest that fighting force essential to a great public debater4 ,when he quitted the ,house of ,commons in his eighty-fifth year his powers of eloquence were practically unimpaired4 ,wendell ,phillips was distinguished for his personality1 conversational style1 and thrilling voice4 ,he had a wonderful vocabulary1 and a personal magnetism which won men instantly to him4 ,it is said that he relied principally upon the power of truth to make his speaking eloquent4 ,he1 too1 was an untiring student of the speaker's art4 ,as we examine the lives and records of eminent speakers of other days1 we are imprest with the fact that they were sincere and earnest students of the art in which they ultimately excelled4 ,,learning ,,to ,,think ,,on ,,your ,,feet ,one of the best exercises for learning to think and speak on the feet is to practise daily giving one minute impromptu talks upon chosen subjects4 ,a good plan is to write subjects of a general character1 on say fifty or more cards1 and then to speak on each subject as it is chosen4 ,this simple exercise will rapidly develop facility of thought and expression and give greatly increased self-confidence4 ,it is a good plan to prepare more material than one intends to use--at least twice as much4 ,it gives a comfortable feeling of security when one stands before an audience1 to know that if some of the prepared matter evades his memory1 he still has ample material at his ready service4 ,there is no more interesting and valuable study than that of speaking in public4 ,it confers distinct advantages by way of improved health1 through special exercise in deep breathing and voice culture2 by way of stimulated thought and expression2 and by an increase of self-confidence and personal power4 ,men and women in constantly increasing numbers are realizing the importance of public speaking1 and as questions multiply for debate and solution the need for this training will be still more widely appreciated1 so that a practical knowledge of public speaking will in time be considered indispensable to a well-rounded education4 ,speech for ,study1 with ,lesson ,talk ,,the ,,style ,,of ,,theodore ,,roosevelt ,the speeches of ,mr4 ,roosevelt commend themselves to the student of public speaking for their fearlessness1 frankness1 and robustness of thought4 ,his aim was deliberate and effective4 ,his style was generally exuberant1 and the note of personal assertion prominent4 ,he was direct in diction1 often vehement in feeling1 and one of his characteristics was a visible satisfaction when he drove home a special thought to his hearers4 ,it is hoped that the extract reprinted here1 from ,mr4 ,roosevelt's famous address1 ,the ,strenuous ,life1 will lead the student to study the speech in its entirety4 ,the speech will be found in ,essays and ,addresses1 published by ,the ,century ,company4 ,,the ,,strenuous ,,life#b ,,by ,,theodore ,,roosevelt ,footnote #b3 ,extract from speech before the ,hamilton ,club1 ,chicago1 ,april #aj1 #ahii4 ,from the ,strenuous ,life4 ,essays and ,addresses by ,theodore ,roosevelt4 ,the ,century ,co41 #aijj4 ,in speaking to you1 men of the greatest city of the ,west1 men of the ,state which gave to the country ,lincoln and ,grant1 men who preeminently and distinctly embody all that is most ,american in the ,american character1 ,i wish to preach1 not the doctrine of ignoble ease1 but the doctrine of the strenuous life1 the life of toil and effort1 of labor and strife2 to preach that highest form of success which comes1 not to the man who desires mere easy peace1 but to the man who does not shrink from danger1 from hardship1 or from bitter toil1 and who out of these wins the splendid ultimate triumph4 ,a life of slothful ease1 a life of that peace which springs merely from lack either of desire or of power to strive after great things1 is as little worthy of a nation as of an individual4 ,i ask only that what every self-respecting ,american demands from himself and his sons shall be demanded of the ,american nation as a whole4 ,who among you would teach the boys that ease1 that peace1 is to be the first consideration in their eyes--to be the ultimate goal after which they strive8 ,you men of ,chicago have made this city great1 you men of ,illinois have done your share1 and more than your share1 in making ,america great1 because you neither preach nor practise such a doctrine4 ,you work1 yourselves1 and you bring up your sons to work4 ,if you are rich and are worth your salt you will teach your sons that tho they may have leisure1 it is not to be spent in idleness2 for wisely used leisure merely means that those who possess it1 being free from the necessity of working for their livelihood1 are all the more bound to carry on some kind of non-remunerative work in science1 in letters1 in art1 in exploration1 in historical research--work of the type we most need in this country1 the successful carrying out of which reflects most honor upon the nation4 ,we do not admire the man of timid peace4 ,we admire the man who embodies victorious effort2 the man who never wrongs his neighbor1 who is prompt to help a friend1 but who has those virile qualities necessary to win in the stern strife of actual life4 ,it is hard to fail1 but it is worse never to have tried to succeed4 ,in this life we get nothing save by effort4 ,freedom from effort in the present merely means that there has been stored up effort in the past4 ,a man can be freed from the necessity of work only by the fact that he or his fathers before him have worked to good purpose4 ,if the freedom thus purchased is used aright and the man still does actual work tho of a different kind1 whether as a writer or a general1 whether in the field of politics or in the field of exploration and adventure1 he shows he deserves his good fortune4 ,but if he treats this period of freedom from the need of actual labor as a period1 not of preparation1 but of more enjoyment1 he shows that he is simply a cumberer on the earth's surface1 and he surely unfits himself to hold his own with his fellows if the need to do so should again arise4 ,a mere life of ease is not in the end a very satisfactory life1 and1 above all1 it is a life which ultimately unfits those who follow it for serious work in the world4 ,in the last analysis a healthy ,state can exist only when the men and women who make it up lead clean1 vigorous1 healthy lives2 when the children are so trained that they shall endeavor1 not to shirk difficulties1 but to overcome them2 not to seek ease1 but to know how to wrest triumph from toil and risk4 ,the man must be glad to do a man's work1 to dare and endure and to labor2 to keep himself1 and to keep those dependent upon him4 ,the woman must be the housewife1 the helpmeet of the homemaker1 the wise and fearless mother of many healthy children4 ,in one of ,daudet's powerful and melancholy books he speaks of the fear of maternity1 the haunting terror of the young wife of the present day4 ,when such words can be truthfully written of a nation1 that nation is rotten to the heart's core4 ,when men fear work or fear righteous war1 when women fear motherhood1 they tremble on the brink of doom2 and well it is that they should vanish from the earth1 where they are fit subjects for the scorn of all men and women who are themselves strong and brave and high-minded4 ,as it is with the individual1 so it is with the nation4 ,it is a base untruth to say that happy is the nation that has no history4 ,thrice happy is the nation that has a glorious history4 ,far better it is to dare mighty things1 to win glorious triumphs1 even tho checkered by failure1 than to take rank with those poor spirits who neither enjoy much nor suffer much1 because they live in the gray twilight that knows not victory nor defeat4 ,if in #ahfa the men who loved the ,union had believed that peace was the end of all things1 and war and strife the worst of all things1 and had acted up to their belief1 we would have saved hundreds of lives1 we would have saved hundreds of millions of dollars4 ,moreover1 besides saving all the blood and treasure we then lavished1 we would have prevented the heartbreak of many women1 the dissolution of many homes1 and we would have spared the country those months of gloom and shame when it seemed as if our armies marched only to defeat4 ,we could have avoided all this suffering simply by shrinking from strife4 ,and if we had thus avoided it1 we would have shown that we were weaklings1 and that we were unfit to stand among the great nations of the earth4 ,thank ,god for the iron in the blood of our fathers1 the men who upheld the wisdom of ,lincoln1 and bore sword or rifle in the armies of ,grant6 ,let us1 the children of the men who proved themselves equal to the mighty days1 let us the children of the men who carried the great ,civil ,war to a triumphant conclusion1 praise the ,god of our fathers that the ignoble counsels of peace were rejected2 that the suffering and loss1 the blackness of sorrow and despair were unflinchingly faced1 and the years of strife endured2 for in the end the slave was freed1 the ,union restored1 and the mighty ,american republic placed once more as a helmeted queen among nations4444 ,the ,army and ,navy are the sword and shield which this nation must carry if she is to do her duty among the nations of the earth--if she is not to stand merely as the ,china of the western hemisphere4 ,our proper conduct toward the tropic islands we have wrested from ,spain is merely the form which our duty has taken at the moment4 ,of course1 we are bound to handle the affairs of our own household well4 ,we must see that there is civic good sense in our home administration of city1 ,state and nation4 ,we must strive for honesty in office1 for honesty toward the creditors of the nation and of the individual1 for the widest freedom of individual initiative where possible1 and for the wisest control of individual initiative where it is hostile to the welfare of the many4 ,but because we set our own household in order we are not thereby excused from playing our part in the great affairs of the world4 ,a man's first duty is to his own home1 but he is not thereby excused from doing his duty to the ,state2 for if he fails in this second duty1 it is under the penalty of ceasing to be a freeman4 ,in the same way1 while a nation's first duty is within its own borders it is not thereby absolved from facing its duties in the world as a whole2 and if it refuses to do so1 it merely forfeits its right to struggle for a place among the peoples that shape the destiny of mankind4 ,i preach to you1 then1 my countrymen1 that our country calls not for the life of ease1 but for the life of strenuous endeavor4 ,the twentieth century looms before us big with the fate of many nations4 ,if we stand idly by1 if we seek merely swollen1 slothful ease and ignoble peace1 if we shrink from the hard contests where men must win at hazard of their lives and at the risk of all they hold dear1 then the bolder and stronger peoples will pass us by1 and will win for themselves the domination of the world4 ,let us1 therefore1 boldly face the life of strife1 resolute to do our duty well and manfully2 resolute to uphold righteousness by deed and by word2 resolute to be both honest and brave1 to serve high ideals1 yet to use practical methods4 ,above all1 let us shrink from no strife1 moral or physical1 within or without the nation1 provided we are certain that the strife is justified1 for it is only through strife1 through hard and dangerous endeavor1 that we shall ultimately win the goal of true national greatness4 ,,advertisements 99 99 99 99 99 ,,how ,,to ,develop ,self-,confidence ,,in ,,speech ,,and ,,manner ,by ,,grenville ,,kleiser ,author of ,how to ,argue and ,win4 ,in all fields of endeavor there are thousands of people who are forced to remain in the background because they lack self-confidence in speech and manner--the very fundamental of success4 ,for just such people ,grenville ,kleiser has written his book ,how to ,develop ,self-,confidence in ,speech and ,manner4 ,the work deals with methods of correction for self-consciousness1 with manners as a power in the making of men1 with the value of a cultivated and agreeable voice1 with confidence in society and business4 ,a series of suggestions is given for an every-day cultivation of these qualities4 ,embodies in a most encouraging and practical way all that is needed to make one who is naturally timid or fearful in speech and manner1 self-poised1 calm1 dignified and confident of himself4 ,it must be said that the method proposed is one of sober self-estimate and persistent effort along well considered lines of thought and action1 designed to eradicate this uneasiness4--,times ,dispatch1 ,richmond1 ,va4 #abmo1 ,cloth4 #a4ej1 ,net2 by mail1 #a4fe ,,funk ,,wagnalls ,,company1 ,publishers ,,new ,,york ,,and ,,london 99 99 99 99 99 ,,elsie ,,janis1 the wonderful protean actress1 says3--,i can not speak in too high praise of the opening remarks4 ,if carefully read1 will greatly assist4 ,have several books of choice selections1 but ,i find some in ',humorous ,hits' never before published4 ,,humorous ,,hits ,,and ,,how ,,to ,,hold ,,an ,,audience ,by ,,grenville ,,kleiser ,author of ,how to ,argue and ,win4 ,this is a choice1 new collection of effective recitations1 sketches1 stories1 poems1 monologues2 the favorite numbers of world-famed humorists such as ,james ,whitcomb ,riley1 ,eugene ,field1 ,mark ,twain1 ,finley ,peter ,dunne1 ,w4 ,j4 ,lampton1 ,thomas ,bailey ,aldrich1 ,chas4 ,batell ,loomis1 ,wallace ,irwin1 ,richard ,mansfield1 ,bill ,nye1 ,s4 ,e4 ,kiser1 ,tom ,masson1 and others4 ,it is the best book for home entertainment1 and the most useful for teachers1 orators1 after-dinner speakers1 and actors4 ,in this book1 ,mr4 ,kleiser also gives practical suggestions on how to deliver humorous or other selections so that they will make the strongest possible impression on the audience4 ,cloth #abmo1 #caf pages4 ,price1 #a4be1 ,net2 ,post-paid1 #a4cg ,,funk ,,wagnalls ,,company1 ,publishers ,,new ,,york ,,and ,,london