,u4 ,s4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture    
,,f>m]s' ,,bullet9 ,no4 #adjh  ,! ,,h\se
 ,,fly ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,suppress ,,x     
,illu/ration3 fly  ,illu/ration3 ,,usda 
seal     ,! pres5ce ( flies is an       
indication ( uncleanl9ess1 insanit>y    
conditions1 & improp] disposal (        
sub/ances 9 :i* !y bre$4 ,!y are n only 
annoy+2 !y are actually dang]\s to      
heal?1 because !y may c>ry disease g]ms 
to expos$ foods4  ,x is !re=e important 
to "k :]e & h[ !y bre$1 & to apply su* k
 9 combat+ !m4 ,?is bullet9 gives       
in=mation on ?is subject4 ,besides giv+ 
directions = ridd+ ! h\se ( flies by !  
use ( scre5s1 fly pap]s1 poisons1 &     
flytraps1 x lays especial emphasis on ! 
explanation ( me?ods ( elim9at+ bre$+   
places & prev5t+ ! bre$+ ( flies4  ,?is 
bullet9 sup]s$es ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #hea4 
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,issu$ ,april1 #aibe2 
revis$ ,novemb]1 #aibf     ,,! ,,h\se   
,,fly#a ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,suppress ,,x4   
,by ,l4 ,o4 ,,h[>d1 ,*ief ( ! ,bureau ( 
,entomology1 & ,f4 ,c4 ,,bi%opp1        

,entomologi/4         99       99       
99        99       99                   
,,cont5ts4                              
,page4   ,k9ds ( flies f\nd 9 h\ses     
#a   ,:]e ! true h\se fly lays its eggs 
#b   ,h[ ! h\se fly passes ! w9t]       
#f   ,c>riage ( disease by ! h\se fly   
#f   ,exclud+ & captur+ flies           
#g     ,! use ( scre5s                  
#g     ,fly pap]s & poisons             
#h     ,fly sprays                      
#h     ,flytraps                        
#i   ,prev5t+ ! bre$+ ( flies           
#i     ,con/ruction & c>e ( /ables      
#i     ,fly-tight manure pits           
#aj     ,frequ5cy ) :i* manure %\ld be  
remov$ 9 cities & t[ns   #aj     ,heal? 
(fice regulations = control ( h\se flies
 9 cities      #aj     ,disposal (      
manure 9 rural & suburban di/ricts      
#aa     ,*emical treatm5t ( manure to   
de/roy fly maggots                 #ab  
,maggot trap = de/ruction ( fly l>vae f 
horse manure          #ac     ,compact  
heap+ ( manure                          

#ae     ,g>bage disposal & treatm5t (   
miscellane\s bre$+ places     #ae       
,sewage disposal 9 relation to !        
prev5tion ( fly-borne diseases #ae      
,:at communities c d to elim9ate ! h\se 
fly                    #af          99  
99       99        99       99   ,,k9ds 
,,( ,,flies ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,h\ses4         
,sev]al species ( flies are f\nd        
commonly 9 h\ses4 ,"s ( !m s closely    
resemble ! true h\se fly t x requires v 
c>eful obs]vation to di/+ui% !m f x4    
,"o ( ^! is ! bit+ /able fly#b 7fig4    
#a74 ,x occurs frequ5tly 9 h\ses &      
diff]s f ! h\se fly 9 ! important       
p>ticul> t its m\? p>ts are =m$ = pi]c+ 
! sk94 ,?is fly is s (t5 mi/ak5 = ! h\se
 fly t mo/ p ?9k t ! h\se fly c bite4   
,ano!r frequ5t visitant ( h\ses1        
p>ticul>ly 9 ! spr+ & fall1 is ! clu/]  
fly4#c ,x is some:at l>g] ?an ! h\se    
fly1 & is di/+ui%$ by its cov]+ ( f9e   
yell[i% hairs4 ,occasionally ?is fly    
occurs 9 h\ses 9 su* numb]s z to cause  
great annoyance4 ,x gets its "n ( clu/] 

fly f its habit ( collect+ 9 compact    
gr\ps or clu/]s 9 protect$ corn]s dur+  
cold p]iods4  ,sev]al species ( metallic
 gre5i% or blui% flies also are f\nd    
occasionally 9 h\ses4 ,^! include a     
blue-bottle fly1#d ! black bl[flies1#e &
 ! gre5-bottle 7fig4 #b7 flies4#f ,!y   
bre$ 9 decay+ animal matt]4  ,footnote  
#a3 ,musca dome/ica ,l4 ,footnote #b3   
,/omoxys calcitrans ,l4 ,footnote #c3   
,poll5ia rudis ,fab4 ,footnote #d3      
,calliphora ery?rocephala ,meig4        
,footnote #e3 ,phormia reg9a ,meig4 &   
,p4 t]rae-novae ,desv4 ,footnote #f3    
,lucilia caes> ,l41 ,l4 s]icata ,meig41 
& o!r species ( ! g5us4  ,!re is /ill   
ano!r species1 small] ?an any ( ^? s f> 
m5tion$1 :i* is sometimes call$ ! less] 
h\se fly4#g ,?is insect is di/+ui%$ f ! 
ord9>y h\se fly by its pal] & m po9t$   
body4 ,! male1 :i* is common] ?an !     
female1 has l>ge pale pat*es at ! base (
 ! abdom51 :i* are transluc5t :5 ! fly  
is se5 on ! w9d[ pane4 ,^! little flies 
are n ! "y ( ! l>g] flies4 ,flies d n   

gr[ aft] ! w+s h once exp&$ & dri$4     
,footnote #g3 ,fannia canicul>is ,l4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,! /able fly4 
,mu* enl>g$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#b4--,"o ( ! gre5-bottle flies 7,lucilia
 caes>74 ,mu* enl>g$4  ,9 late summ] &  
autumn _m specim5s ( a small fruit fly1 
kn[n z ! v9eg> fly1#h make _! appe>ance1
 attract$ by ! odor ( ov]ripe fruit4    
,all ( ^! species1 h[ev]1 are greatly   
dw>f$ 9 numb]s by ! common h\se fly4 ,9 
#aijj ! s5ior au?or made collections ( !
 flies 9 d9+ rooms 9 diff]5t p>ts ( !   
c\ntry1 & f\nd t ! true h\se fly made up
 #ih4h p] c5t ( ! :ole numb] captur$4 ,!
 rema9d] compris$ v>i\s species1 includ+
 ^? m5tion$ above4  ,footnote #h3       
,drosophila ampelophila ,loew4          
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--,! true h\se   
fly4 ,enl>g$4     ,,:]e ,,! ,,true      
,,h\se ,,fly ,,lays ,,its ,,eggs4   ,!  
true h\se fly 7fig4 #c71 :i* is f\nd 9  
ne>ly all p>ts ( ! _w1 is a m$ium-siz$  
fly ) f\r black /ripes on ! back & a %>p
 elb[ 9 "o ( ! ve9s ( ! w+s4 ,! h\se fly

 c n bite1 its m\? p>ts be+ spread out  
at ! tip = suck+ up liquid sub/ances4   
,! eggs 7figs4 #d1 #e7 are laid ^u horse
 manure4 ,?is sub/ance seems to be its  
favorite l>val food4 ,x w bre$ also 9   
human excrem5t1 & because ( ?is habit x 
is v dang]\s to ! heal? ( human be+s1   
c>ry+ z x does ! g]ms ( inte/9al        
diseases1 su* z typhoid fev] & *ol]a1 f 
! excreta to food supplies4 ,x has also 
be5 f\nd to bre$ freely 9 hog manure1 9 
consid]able numb]s 9 *ick5 dung1 & to "s
 ext5t 9 c[ manure4 ,inde$1 x w lay its 
eggs on a great v>iety ( decay+         
vegetable & animal mat]ials1 b ( ! flies
 t infe/ dwell+ h\ses1 bo? 9 cities & on
 f>ms1 a va/ proportion come f horse    
manure4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#d4--;,eggs ( ! h\se fly4 ,ab\t natural 
size4 7,new/ead47  ,x (t5 happ5s1 h[ev]1
 t ?is fly is v abundant 9 localities   
:]e little or no horse manure is f\nd1 &
 9 su* cases x bre$s 9 o!r manure1 su* z
 *ick5 manure 9 backy>d p\ltry lots1 or 
9 slops or f]m5t+ vegetable mat]ial1 su*

 z sp5t hops1 moi/ bran1 ensilage1 or   
rott+ potatoes4 ,accumulations ( organic
 mat]ial on ! dump+ gr\nds ( t[ns &     
cities (t5 produce flies 9 great numb]s4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--;,eggs ( !  
h\se fly4 ,highly magnifi$4 7,new/ead47 
,! h\se fly beg9s lay+ eggs 9 f #b #a_/b
 to #bj days aft] em]g+1 ! "t int]val   
dep5d+ to a l>ge ext5t ^u temp]ature1   
humidity1 & "* & abundance ( food4 ,!   
numb] ( eggs laid by an individual fly  
at "o "t ranges f #abj to #aei & a s+le 
female w usually lay two & sometimes f\r
 su* bat*es4 ,dunn has rec5tly report$ t
 9 ,panama a fly may deposit z _m z     
#b1cfg eggs 9 #ba bat*es1 & sometimes an
 int]val ( only #cf h\rs may occur      
betwe5 ! deposition ( l>ge bat*es (     
eggs4 ,! enorm\s numb]s 9 :i* ! insects 
occur are ?us pla9ly acc\nt$ =1         
especially :5 ! abundance & univ]sal    
occurr5ce ( appropriate l>val food is   
consid]$4 ,! eggs are deposit$ bel[ !   
surface 9 ! cracks & int]/ices ( !      
manure1 sev]al females usually deposit+ 

9 "o spot1 s t ! eggs commonly are f\nd 
9 l>ge clu/]s 7fig4 #d7 9 select$ places
 ne> ! top ( ! pile1 :]e a high degree (
 heat is ma9ta9$ by ! f]m5tation bel[4  
,! second bat* ( eggs is laid f #h to   
#aj days aft] ! fir/4 ,! eggs usually   
hat* 9 less ?an #bd h\rs4 ,"u ! mo/     
favorable conditions ( temp]ature &     
moi/ure ! egg /ate may la/ h>dly m ?an  
#h h\rs4 ,! maggots :i* issue f ! eggs  
are v small & transp>5t4 ,!y gr[        
rapidly1 complet+ ! gr[? ( ! l>va /age 9
 ?ree days "u ! mo/ favorable           
conditions1 al?\gh ?is /age usually la/s
 f #d to #g days4 ,! l>val p]iod may be 
prolong$ greatly by l[ temp]ature or by 
dryness or sc>city ( ! l>val food4 ,z ! 
l>vae 7fig4 #f7 atta9 full size !y      
gradually assume a creamy :ite color4 ,a
 few h\rs be=e pupation !y become v     
re/less & migrate f _! fe$+ gr\nd 9 se>*
 ( a favorable place 9 :i* to pass !    
pupa /age4 ,!y w (t5 congregate at !    
edges ( manure piles ne> ! gr\nd or     
burr[ into ! soil b5ea?1 or !y may crawl

 consid]able di/ances away f ! pile to  
pupate 9 ! gr\nd or 9 loose mat]ial "u !
 edges ( /ones1 bo>ds1 etc4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,l>vae1 or    
maggots1 ( ! h\se fly4 ,ab\t natural    
size4 7,new/ead47  ,! pupae 7fig #g71 or
 sleep]s1 are m or less b>rel %ap$ & d>k
 br[n 9 color4 ,9 midsumm] ?is /age     
usually la/s f #c to #f days4 ,! pupa   
/age is easily affect$ by temp]ature    
*anges & may be prolong$ dur+ hib]nation
 = z long z #d or #e mon?s4 ,num]\s re>+
 exp]im5ts 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry h %[n
 t ! %orte/ "t betwe5 ! deposition (    
eggs & ! em]g5ce ( ! adult fly is #h    
days1 & #aj & #ab day records 7 v       
common4  ,! adult fly1 ^u em]g+ f !     
pup>ium1 works its way upw>d ?r\gh !    
soil or manure & ^u rea*+ ! air x crawls
 ab\t :ile its w+s exp& & ! body h>d5s &
 assumes its normal coloration4 ,9 f #b 
#a_/b to #bj days1 z previ\sly /at$1 !  
female is ready to deposit eggs4 ,z 9 ! 
case ( o!r p]iods ( its life hi/ory1 s !
 preoviposition p]iod is prolong$       

consid]ably by ! l[] temp]atures ( spr+ 
& fall4 ,9 midsumm]1 ) a developm5tal   
p]iod ( f #h to #aj days f egg to adult1
 & a preoviposition p]iod ( f #c to #d  
days1 a new g5]ation w\ld be />t$ e #aa 
to #ad days4 ,?us ! climate ( ! ,di/rict
 ( ,columbia all[s abundance ( "t = !   
developm5t ( f #aj to #ab g5]ations e   
season4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#g4--,pupae ( ! h\se fly4 ,ab\t natural 
size4 7,new/ead47  ,flies usually rema9 
ne> _! bre$+ places if !y h pl5ty (     
food1 b exp]im5ts rec5tly made at       
,dallas1 ,tex41 %[ t !y may migrate     
consid]able di/ances2 9 fact1 h\se      
flies1 s m>k$ t ! p>ticul> individuals  
c\ld be id5tifi$1 h be5 recaptur$ 9     
traps z f> z #ac miles f ! place :]e !y 
7 lib]at$4     ,,h[ ,,! ,,h\se ,,fly    
,,passes ,,! ,,w9t]4   ,! prevail+      
op9ion t ! h\se fly lives ?r\gh ! w9t] z
 an adult1 hid+ 9 cracks & crevices (   
build+s1 etc41 appe>s to be errone\s4   
,"u outdoor conditions h\se flies are   
kill$ dur+ ! fir/ really cold nights1 t 

is1 :5 ! temp]ature falls to ab\t #ae   
deg4 or #aj deg4 ,f4 ,9 rooms & simil>  
places protect$ f w9ds & p>tially heat$ 
dur+ ! w9t] flies h be5 kept alive 9    
cages = long p]iods1 b !y nev] liv$     
?r\gh ! entire w9t]4 ,9 longevity       
exp]im5ts "o record ( #gj days & ano!r (
 #ia days 0 obta9$4 ,no uncag$ h\se     
flies 7 f\nd dur+ ?ree seasons'         
obs]vations 9 unheat$ & only p>tially   
heat$ attics1 /ables1 unus$ rooms1 etc41
 :]e favorable temp]ature conditions    
prevail$4 ,! common occurr5ce 9 su*     
places ( ! clu/] fly & a few o!r        
species1 :i* may be easily mi/ak5 = !   
h\se fly1 is responsible = ! prevail+   
belief z to ! way ! h\se fly ov]w9t]s4  
,!re is !re=e no reliable evid5ce :atev]
 t adult h\se flies em]g+ dur+ ,octob] &
 ,novemb] pass ! w9t] & are able to     
deposit _! eggs ! foll[+ spr+1 al?\gh !y
 may cont9ue active 9 heat$ build+s     
until ne>ly ! end ( ,janu>y4 ,on ! o!r  
h&1 !re is evid5ce t h\se flies pass !  
w9t] z l>vae & pupae1 & t !y sometimes  

bre$ cont9u\sly ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,9      
exp]im5ts at bo? ,dallas1 ,tex41 &      
,be!sda1 ,md41 h\se flies h be5 f\nd    
em]g+ dur+ ,april f heavily infe/$      
manure heaps :i* _h be5 set out & cov]$ 
) cages dur+ ! prec$+ autumn4 ,9 !      
,s\!rn ,/ates1 dur+ w>m p]iods 9        
midw9t]1 h\se flies may em]ge & become  
some:at tr\blesome2 !y frequ5tly lay    
eggs on w>m days4  ,! second way 9 :i* !
 h\se fly may pass ! w9t] is by cont9u\s
 bre$+4 ,h\se flies congregate 9 heat$  
rooms ) ! approa* ( ! w9t] season4 ,if  
no food or bre$+ mat]ials are pres5t !y 
ev5tually die4 ,h[ev]1 :]e !y h access  
to bo? food & suitable sub/ances = egg  
lay+ !y w cont9ue bre$+ j z !y d        
outdoors dur+ ! summ]4 ,ev5 9 v cold    
climates !re are und\bt$ly _m places1   
especially 9 cities1 :]e h\se flies w\ld
 h opportunity to pass ! w9t] 9 ?is     
mann]4     ,,c>riage ,,( ,,disease ,,by 
,,! ,,h\se ,,fly4   ,! body ( ! h\se fly
 is cov]$ ?ickly ) hairs & bri/les (    
v>y+ l5g?s1 & ?is is especially true ( !

 legs4 ,?us1 :5 x crawls ov] infect$    
mat]ial x readily becomes load$ ) g]ms1 
& subsequ5t visits to human foods result
 9 _! contam9ation4 ,ev5 m dang]\s ?an !
 transf]5ce ( g]ms on ! legs & body ( ! 
fly is ! fact t bact]ia are f\nd 9      
great] numb]s & live long] 9 its        
alim5t>y canal4 ,^! g]ms are void$1 n   
only 9 ! excrem5t ( ! fly1 b also 9     
small droplets ( regurgitat$ matt] :i* h
 be5 call$ vomit spots4 ,:5 we realize t
 flies frequ5t & fe$ ^u ! mo/ fil?y     
sub/ances 7x may be ! excreta ( typhoid 
or dys5t]y pati5ts or ! dis*>ges ( "o   
suff]+ f tub]culosis71 & t subsequ5tly  
!y may contam9ate human foods ) _! feet 
or excreta or vomit spots1 ! necessity &
 importance ( h\se-fly control is cle>4 
,9 army camps1 9 m9+ camps1 & 9 great   
public works1 :]e l>ge numb]s ( m5 are  
br\ght toge!r = a long] or %ort] "t1 !re
 is seldom ! prop] c>e ( excreta1 & !   
c>riage ( typhoid g]ms f ! latr9es &    
privies to food by flies is common & (t5
 results 9 epidemics ( typhoid fev]4  ,&

 su* c>riage ( typhoid is by no means   
conf9$ to great tempor>y camps4 ,9      
f>mh\ses 9 small communities1 & ev5 9   
badly c>$ = portions ( l>ge cities1     
typhoid g]ms are c>ri$ f excrem5t to    
food by flies1 & ! prop] sup]vision &   
treatm5t ( ! bre$+ places ( ! h\se fly  
become mo/ important elem5ts 9 !        
prev5tion ( typhoid4  ,9 ! same way o!r 
inte/9al g]m diseases1 su* z ,asiatic   
*ol]a1 dys5t]y1 ent]itis 7inflammation (
 ! inte/9e71 & infantile di>rhea1 are   
all s c>ri$4 ,!re is /rong circum/antial
 evid5ce also t tub]culosis1 an?rax1    
yaws1 oph?almia1 smallpox1 tropical     
sore1 & ! eggs ( p>asitic worms may be &
 are c>ri$ 9 ?is way4 ,9 ! case ( ov]   
#cj diff]5t disease organisms & p>asitic
 worms1 actual laboratory pro( exi/s1 & 
:]e lack+ is replac$ by circum/antial   
evid5ce am\nt+ almo/ to c]ta9ty4        
,,exclud+ ,,& ,,captur+ ,,flies4   ,!   
pr9cipal ef=t to control ?is dang]\s    
insect mu/ be made at ! s\rce (         
supply--its bre$+ places4 ,absolute     

cleanl9ess & ! removal or de/ruction (  
any?+ 9 :i* flies may bre$ are ess5tial2
 & ?is is some?+ t c be done ev5 9      
cities4 ,p]haps x c be done m easily 9 !
 cities ?an 9 villages1 on acc\nt ( _!  
great] police p[] & ! less] insi/5ce on 
! rights ( ! individual4 ,once p are    
educat$ to ! dang] & le>n to f9d ! bre$+
 places1 ! re/ w be easy4  ,9 spite (   
:at has j be5 said1 x is (t5 necess>y to
 cat* or o!rwise de/roy adult flies1 or 
to protect food mat]ials f contam9ation 
& p]sons f annoyance or dang]2 h5ce !   
value ( fly pap]s & poisons1 flytraps1 &
 insect scre5s4   ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,insect
 ,,scre5s4  ,a c>eful scre5+ ( w9d[s &  
doors dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 ) !           
supplem5t>y use ( /icky fly pap]s1 is a 
protective measure aga9/ h\se flies kn[n
 to ev]yone4 ,z reg>ds scre5+1 x is only
 necess>y "h to emphasize ! importance (
 keep+ food supplies scre5$ or o!rwise  
cov]$ s t flies c ga9 no access to !m4  
,?is applies n only to homes b also to  
/ores1 re/aurants1 milk %ops1 & ! l4    

,scre5+1 ( c\rse1 w h no effect 9       
decreas+ ! numb] ( flies1 b at lea/ x   
has ! virtue ( less5+ ! dang] (         
contam9ation ( food4  ,insect scre5s =  
doors & w9d[s %\ld be well made & mu/   
fit tightly1 o!rwise !y w n keep insects
 out4 ,x is equally important t !y be   
made ( good & durable scre5 clo?4 ,copp]
 insect scre5 clo?1 al?\gh a little     
high] 9 price1 w prove m economical 9 ! 
long run1 z x la/s _m ye>s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 
! co/ ( copp] scre5 clo? is             
objectionable1 /eel scre5 clo?1 ei!r    
pa9t$ or galvaniz$1 c be us$4 ,pa9t$    
/eel scre5 clo? w la/ "o or m ye>s )\t  
repa9t+1 its durability dep5d+ ^u !     
climate4 ,9 humid regions1 ( c\rse1 x w 
ru/ m quickly ?an x w :]e ! climate is  
dry4 ,! same may be said ( galvaniz$    
/eel insect scre5 clo?4  ,insect scre5  
clo? made ) #af me%es to ! in* is       
recomm5d$1 = #af-me% scre5 clo? w keep  
out flies & mo/ mosquitoes#i & o!r small
 insects :i* at times are f\nd almo/    
ev]y:]e4  ,footnote #i3 ,:]e ! yell[    

fev] or d5gue fev] mosquito occurs1     
#ah-me% scre5 clo? 7or #af-me% scre5    
clo? made f extra heavy wire7 %\ld be   
us$4   ,,fly ,,pap]s ,,& ,,poisons4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--;,conical hoop
 flytrap side view4 ,a1 ,hoops =m+ frame
 at bottom4 ,b1 ,hoops =m+ frame at top4
 ,c1 ,top ( trap made ( b>rel head4 ,d1 
,/rips ar\nd door4 ,e1 ,door frame4 ,f1 
,scre5 on door4 ,g1 ,buttons hold+ door4
 ,h1 ,scre5 on outside ( trap4 ,i1      
,/rips on side ( trap betwe5 hoops4 ,j1 
,tips ( ^! /rips project+ to =m legs4   
,k1 ,cone4 ,l1 ,unit$ edges ( scre5 =m+ 
cone4 ,m1 ,ap]ture at apex ( cone4      
7,bi%opp47  ,! use ( /icky fly pap]s to 
de/roy flies t h ga9$ access to h\ses is
 well kn[n4 ,fly-poison prep>ations also
 are common4 ,_m ( ! comm]cial fly      
poisons conta9 ars5ic1 & _! use 9 !     
h\sehold is att5d$ ) consid]able dang]1 
especially to *ildr54 ,?is dang] is less
 ) ! use ( a weak solution ( =mal94 ,a v
 effective fly poison is made by add+ #c
 teaspoonfuls ( ! comm]cial =mal9 to a  

p9t ( milk or wat] sweet5$ ) a little   
br[n sug>4 ,a conv5i5t way ( expos+ ?is 
poison is by p>tly fill+ an ord9>y dr9k+
 glass ) ! solution4 ,a sauc] or plate  
is !n l9$ ) :ite blott+ pap] cut ! size 
( ! di% & plac$ bottom up ov] ! glass4  
,! :ole is !n quickly inv]t$ & a small  
mat* /ick plac$ "u ! edge ( ! glass4 ,z 
! solution evaporates f ! pap] m fl[s   
out f ! glass & ?us ! supply is         
automatically r5ew$4   ,,fly ,,sprays4  
,sprays design$ to de/roy or repel h\se 
flies fill a c]ta9 ne$ 9 connection ) ! 
h\se-fly problem4 ,no v satisfactory    
repell5t sub/ances = ?is insect h be5   
f\nd :i* are at ! same "t adaptable to  
g5]al use ab\t ! home1 or places :]e    
foods are h&l$4 ,extracts ( pyre?rum    
fl[]s are n[ g5]ally available          
comm]cially1 & ^! give fairly good      
results 9 ! de/ruction ( h\se flies 9   
build+s4 ,mo/ ( ! sprays ( pyre?rum     
extract conta9 k]os5e oil z a c>ri]1 &  
und\bt$ly ! k]os5e has mu* to d ) !     
toxicity ( ! spray4 ,su* mat]ials are   

mo/ applicable to build+s :i* become    
infe/$ ) flies & :i* c be readily clos$ 
up at night & ! air )9 ?or\ghly saturat$
 ) ! spray by means ( an atomiz]4 ,"u   
su* conditions ! flies are r quickly    
ov]come by ! spray & if a suffici5t     
quantity is us$ !y w n revive4          
,,flytraps4  ,flytraps may be us$ to    
advantage 9 decreas+ ! numb] ( flies4   
,_! use has be5 advocat$ n only because 
( ! imm$iate results1 b because ( !     
*ances t ! flies may be caught be=e !y  
lay eggs1 & ! numb] ( future g5]ations w
 be r$uc$ greatly4  ,_m types ( flytraps
 are on ! m>ket4 ,z a rule ! l>g] ones  
are ! m effective4 ,anyone ) a few tools
 c con/ruct flytraps = a small "p ( !   
price ( ! ready-made ones4 ,a trap 7fig4
 #h7 :i* is v effective 9 cat*+ flies & 
is easily made1 durable1 & *eap1 may be 
made ( f\r b>rel hoops1 f\r la?s1 a few 
/rips ( box+1 & #h #a_/b l9eal feet (   
scre5+1 #bd in*es wide4 7,= great]      
details see ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #gcd47  ,! 
effectiv5ess ( ! traps w dep5d on !     

selection ( baits4 ,a good bait = cat*+ 
h\se flies is #a "p ( black/rap molasses
 to #c p>ts ( wat]1 aft] ! mixture has  
be5 all[$ to f]m5t = a day or two4      
,ov]ripe or f]m5t+ bananas cru%$ & plac$
 9 ! bait pans give good results1       
especially ) milk add$ to !m4 ,a mixture
 ( equal p>ts br[n sug> & curd ( s\r    
milk1 ?or\ghly moi/5$1 gives good       
results aft] x has be5 all[$ to /& =    
?ree or f\r days4     ,,prev5t+ ,,!     
,,bre$+ ,,( ,,flies4   ,z previ\sly     
/at$1 fly pap]s1 poisons1 & traps are at
 be/ only tempor>y exp$i5ts4 ,! mo/     
logical me?od ( abat+ ! fly nuisance is 
! elim9ation or treatm5t ( all bre$+    
places4 ,x w\ld appe> f :at is kn[n ( ! 
life hi/ory & habits ( ! common h\se fly
 t x is p]fectly feasible = cities &    
t[ns to r$uce ! numb]s ( ?is annoy+ &   
dang]\s insect s greatly z to r5d] x (  
comp>atively slight acc\nt4 ,on f>ms    
also1 9 dairies1 & "u rural conditions  
g5]ally1 mu* c & %\ld be done to control
 ! fly1 :i* "h1 z else:]e1 con/itutes a 

v s]i\s m5ace to heal?4   ,,con/ruction 
,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,/ables4  ,9 =mulat+     
rules = ! con/ruction & c>e ( /ables & !
 disposal ( manure ! foll[+ po9ts mu/ be
 tak5 into consid]ation4 ,9 ! fir/      
place1 ! gr\nd ( soil-floor /ables may  
(f] a suitable place = ! developm5t (   
fly l>vae4 ,! l>vae w migrate f ! manure
 to ! soil & cont9ue _! gr[? 9 ! moi/   
gr\nd4 ,?is takes place to "s ext5t ev5 
:5 ! manure is remov$ f ! /ables e day4 
,ev5 wood5 floors are n entirely        
satisfactory unless !y are p]fectly     
wat]-tight1 s9ce l>vae w crawl ?r\gh !  
cracks & cont9ue _! developm5t 9 ! moi/ 
gr\nd bel[4 ,wat]-tight floors (        
concrete or masonry1 !re=e1 are         
desirable4 ,flies h be5 f\nd to bre$ 9  
surpris+ numb]s 9 small accumulations ( 
mat]ial 9 ! corn]s ( fe$ tr\ghs &       
mang]s1 & x is important t su* places be
 kept clean4   ,,fly-,,tight ,,manure   
,,pits4  ,! ,bureau ( ,entomology = a   
numb] ( ye>s has advis$ t manure f horse
 /ables be kept 9 fly-tight pits or b9s4

 ,su* pits c be built 9 or atta*$ to !  
/able s t manure c be easily ?r[n 9 at !
 "t ( clean+ & s con/ruct$ t ! manure c 
be readily remov$4 ,x is desirable t !  
manure be plac$ 9 ^! fly-pro(           
receptacles z soon z possible aft] x is 
void$4 ,! ess5tial po9t is t flies be   
prev5t$ f rea*+ ! manure1 & = ?is reason
 ! pit or b9 mu/ be tightly con/ruct$1  
pref]ably ( concrete1 & ! lid kept clos$
 except :5 ! manure is be+ ?r[n 9 or    
remov$4 ,! difficulty has be5 t manure  
(t5 becomes infe/$ be=e x is put into ! 
conta9]1 & flies frequ5tly bre$ out be=e
 x is empti$ & (t5 escape ?r\gh !       
cracks4 ,to obviate ^! difficulties a   
manure box or pit ) a modifi$ t5t trap  
or cone trap atta*$ is desirable4  ,9   
ord] to reta9 ! f]tiliz+ value ( manure 
to ! greate/ ext5t x is advisable t air 
be exclud$ f x z mu* z possible & t x be
 protect$ f ! lea*+ action ( ra9s4 ,?is 
be+ ! case1 !re is really no necessity =
 cov]+ a l>ge portion ( ! top ( ! box ) 
a trap1 b m]ely to h holes l>ge en\gh to

 attract flies to ! light1 & to cov] ^! 
holes ) ord9>y conical traps1 ) ! legs  
cut (f1 s1 t ! bottoms ( ! traps w fit  
closely to ! box4 ,! same arrangem5t c  
be made :]e manure is kept 9 a pit4 ,if 
manure boxes or pits are kept fly tight 
!y are satisfactory "u f>m or dairy     
conditions = ! /orage ( manure dur+ !   
busy season :5 x c n be haul$ out daily4
   ,,frequ5cy ,,) ,,:i* ,,manure ,,%\ld 
,,be ,,remov$ ,,9 ,,cities ,,& ,,t[ns4  
,9 decid+ ! "q z to h[ (t5 manure %\ld  
be remov$ 9 cities & t[ns1 x %\ld be    
borne 9 m9d t :5 ! l>vae h f9i%$ fe$+ !y
 w (t5 leave ! manure & pupate 9 ! gr\nd
 bel[ or crawl "s di/ance away to pupate
 9 debris "u bo>ds or /ones & ! l4 ,h5ce
 ! manure %\ld be remov$ be=e ! l>vae   
rea* ! migratory /age2 t is to say1     
removal is necess>y e ?ree days1 &      
c]ta9ly n less frequ5tly ?an twice a    
week dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,a s]ies (     
ord]s issu$ 9 #aijf by ! heal? dep>tm5t 
( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 on ! au?ority 
( ! ,commission]s ( ! ,di/rict1 cov]s   

mo/ ( ^! po9ts1 & ^! ord]s1 :i* may well
 s]ve z a model to o!r communities      
desir+ to und]take simil> measures1 may 
be briefly cond5s$ z foll[s3            
,,heal? ,,(fice ,,regulations ,,=       
,,control ,,( ,,h\se ,,flies ,,9        
,,cities4       ,all /alls 9 :i* animals
 are kept %all h ! surface ( !          
gr\nd cov]$ ) a wat]-tight floor4 ,e    
p]son occupy+ a      build+ :]e dome/ic 
animals are kept %all ma9ta9 9          
connection !re) a b9 or pit = !         
reception ( manure &1      p5d+ !       
removal f ! premises ( ! manure f !     
animal      or animals1 %all place su*  
manure 9 said b9 or pit4 ,?is b9        
%all be s con/ruct$ z to exclude ra9    
wat] & %all 9 all      o!r respects be  
wat]-tight1 except z x may be connect$ )
      ! public sew]4 ,x %all be provid$ 
) a suitable cov] &      con/ruct$ s z  
to prev5t ! +ress & egress ( flies4 ,no 
p]son own+ a /able %all keep any manure 
or p]mit any manure      to be kept 9 or
 ^u any portion ( ! premises o!r ?an !  

b9 or pit describ$1 nor %all he all[ any
 su* b9 or pit to be      ov]fill$ or   
ne$lessly uncov]$4 ,horse manure may be 
kept      tightly ramm$ into well-cov]$ 
b>rels = ! purpose ( removal      9 su* 
b>rels4 ,e p]son keep+ manure 9 ! m     
d5sely      populat$ p>ts ( ! ,di/rict  
%all cause all su* manure to be         
remov$ f ! premises at lea/ twice e week
 betwe5 ,june #a      & ,octob] #ca1 &  
at lea/ once e week betwe5 ,novemb] #a &
      ,may #ca ( ! foll[+ ye>4 ,no p]son
 %all remove or transport      any      
manure ov] any public highway 9 any ( ! 
m d5sely      populat$ p>ts ( ! ,di/rict
 except 9 a tight vehicle1 :i*1      if 
n inclos$1 mu/ be effectually cov]$ )   
canvas1 s z to      prev5t ! manure f   
be+ dropp$4 ,no p]son %all deposit      
manure remov$ f ! b9s or pits )9 any ( !
 m d5sely      populat$ p>ts ( !        
,di/rict )\t a p]mit f ! heal?          
(fic]4 ,any p]son violat+ any ( !       
provisions %all1 ^u      conviction     
!re(1 be puni%$ by a f9e ( n m ?an #dj =

      ea* (f5se4  ,n only mu/ horse     
/ables be c>$ =1 b *ick5 y>ds1 pigg]ies1
 & g>bage receptacles z well4 ,9 cities1
 ) bett] me?ods ( disposal ( g>bage & ) 
! less5+ ( ! numb] ( horses & horse     
/ables consequ5t ^u electric /reet      
railways1 bicycles1 & automobiles1 ! "t 
may come1 & be=e v long1 :5 w9d[ scre5s 
may be disc>d$4   ,,disposal ,,(        
,,manure ,,9 ,,rural ,,& ,,suburban     
,,di/ricts4  ,! control ( flies 9 rural 
& suburban di/ricts (f]s a mu* m        
difficult problem4 ,"h x is (t5 out ( ! 
"q to remove all manure f ! premises    
twice a week1 & ! problem is to f9d "s  
me?od ( disposal or /orage :i* w cons]ve
 ! f]tiliz+ value ( ! manure & at ! same
 "t prev5t all flies f bre$+1 or de/roy 
su* z d bre$ !re4  ,) ?is idea 9 m9d1 x 
has be5 recomm5d$ t /able manure be     
collect$ e morn+ & haul$ out at once &  
spread r ?9ly on ! fields4 ,?is proc$ure
 is advisable f ! po9t ( view ( gett+ ! 
maximum f]tiliz+ value f ! manure4      
,imm$iate spread+ on ! fields is said   

l>gely to prev5t ! loss ( plant food :i*
 occurs :5 manure is all[$ to /& 9 heaps
 = a long "t4 ,?is me?od w be effective 
9 prev5t+ ! bre$+ ( flies only if !     
manure is haul$ out promptly e morn+ &  
spread ?9ly s t x w dry1 s9ce x is      
unfavorable = fly developm5t 9 desiccat$
 condition4 ,! prop] scatt]+ ( ! manure 
on ! fields is be/ & mo/ easily &       
quickly accompli%$ by ! use ( a manure  
spread]1 & _m dairies1 & ev5 f>ms1 are  
practic+ ! daily di/ribution ( manure 9 
?is way4 ,removal e ?ree or f\r days w n
 be suffici5t4 ,obs]vations h %[n t if  
manure becomes flybl[n & ! maggots atta9
 a fairly good size be=e ! manure is    
scatt]$ on ! fields1 !y c cont9ue _!    
developm5t & w pupate 9 ! gr\nd4        
,,*emical ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,manure ,,to  
,,de/roy ,,fly ,,maggots4  ,dur+ ! summ]
 mon?s1 :5 fly bre$+ is go+ on mo/      
actively1 ! f>m] is also busy & (t5 c n 
sp>e ! "t to remove manure regul>ly4 ,! 
g5]al practice1 !re=e1 has be5 to keep !
 manure 9 heaps locat$1 z a rule1 v ne> 

! /ables4 ,h[ c fly bre$+ be prev5t$ 9  
su* accumulations8 ,z a result ( rec5t  
inve/igations1 x is n[ possible to po9t 
out two me?ods :i* are practical &      
effective4  ,! fir/ is ! treatm5t ( !   
manure pile ) *emical sub/ances :i* w   
kill ! eggs & maggots ( ! h\se fly4 ,!  
,bureau ( ,entomology1 9 coop]ation ) ! 
,bureau ( ,*emi/ry & ! ,bureau ( ,plant 
,indu/ry1 has conduct$ a s]ies (        
exp]im5ts 9 :i* a l>ge numb] ( *emicals 
7 appli$ to infe/$ manure & obs]vations 
made1 n only on _! effici5cy 9 kill+ !  
maggots b also z to _! effect on !      
*emical composition & bact]ial flora ( !
 manure4 ,! object 0 to f9d "s *eap     
*emical :i* w\ld be effective 9 de/roy+ 
! fly l>vae & at ! same "t w\ld n r$uce 
! f]tiliz+ value ( ! manure4            
,,treatm5t ,,) ,,hellebore4  ,( ! num]\s
 sub/ances tri$1 ! "o :i* seems be/ to  
fulfill ^! conditions is p[d]$          
hellebore4#aj ,= ! treatm5t ( manure a  
wat] extract ( ! hellebore is prep>$ by 
add+ #a_/b p\nd ( ! p[d] to e #aj       

gallons ( wat]1 & aft] /irr+ x is all[$ 
to /& #bd h\rs4 ,! mixture ?us prep>$ is
 spr9kl$ ov] ! manure at ! rate ( #aj   
gallons to e #h bu%els 7#aj cubic feet7 
( manure4 ,f ! result ( #ab exp]im5ts ) 
manure piles treat$ "u natural          
conditions x appe>s t su* treatm5t      
results 9 ! de/ruction ( f #hh to #ii p]
 c5t ( ! fly l>vae4  ,/udies ( treat$   
manure indicat$ t its composition &     
rott+ 7 n int]f]$ )4 ,fur!rmore1 sev]al 
field te/s %[$ t !re 0 no app>5t injury 
to gr[+ crops :5 f]tiliz$ ) treat$      
manure4  ,s9ce ! solution is some:at    
poison\s x %\ld n be left expos$ :]e x  
might be drunk by live/ock4 ,x is q safe
 to say t *ick5s w n be injur$ by peck+ 
at hellebore-treat$ manure4 ,?is has be5
 te/$ c>efully4 ,hellebore c be obta9$  
bo? 9 gr\nd & p[d]$ =m1 b ! p[d] gives !
 be/ results 9 ! de/ruction ( fly l>vae4
  ,footnote #aj3 ,v]atrum viride or ,v4 
al\m4   ,,treatm5t ,,) ,,p[d]$ ,,borax4 
,ano!r *emical f\nd to be ev5 m         
effective z a l>vicide is p[d]$ borax4  

,?is sub/ance is available 9 comm]cial  
=m 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,x has !      
advantage ( be+ comp>atively nonpoison\s
 & non9flammable & is easily transport$ 
& h&l$4 ,! m9imum am\nt necess>y to kill
 fly l>vae 0 f\nd to be #j4fb p\nd p] #h
 bu%els ( manure1 or ab\t #a p\nd p] #af
 cubic feet4 ,be/ results 7 obta9$ :5 ! 
borax 0 appli$ 9 solution1 or :5 wat] 0 
spr9kl$ on aft] ! borax _h be5 scatt]$  
ev5ly ov] ! pile4 ,borax is n only      
effective 9 kill+ ! l>vae1 b :5 x comes 
9 contact ) ! eggs x prev5ts !m f hat*+4
 ,:5 appli$ at ! rate ( #a p\nd to #af  
cubic feet x 0 f\nd to kill ab\t #ij p] 
c5t ( ! l>vae1 heavi] applications kill+
 f #ih to #ii p] c5t4  ,borax has no    
injuri\s effect on ! *emical composition
 or rott+ ( ! manure4 ,h[ev]1 :5 add$ 9 
l>ge quantities ) manure to ! soil x w  
cause consid]able injury to gr[+ plants4
 ,a numb] ( exp]im5ts h be5 conduct$ to 
det]m9e ! effect on crops ( ! use (     
manure treat$ ) borax z h]e9 recomm5d$4 
,:5 appli$ at ! rate ( #ae tons p] acre 

x appe>s t no injury z a rule w foll[4  
,"s crops are m s5sitive to borax ?an   
o!rs1 & also ! t5d5cy to injury appe>s  
to v>y on diff]5t soils4 ,x is necess>y1
 !re=e1 to repeat ! w>n+ issu$ 9        
connection ) a previ\s bullet9#aa on ?is
 subject1 t great c>e be ex]cis$1 9 !   
application ( borax1 t ! manure does n  
receive m ?an #a p\nd = e #af cubic     
feet1 & t n m ?an #ae tons ( manure s   
treat$ are appli$ to ! acre4  ,9 view ( 
! possible injury f ! borax treatm5t z a
 result ( c>elessness 9 apply+ x1 or f  
o!r un=ese5 conditions1 x is recomm5d$ t
 horse manure & o!r f>my>d manures :i*  
are to be us$ z f]tiliz] be treat$ )    
hellebore4 ,borax1 on ! o!r h&1 is su* a
 good l>vicide t x call be us$ )        
advantage on ! gr\nd ( soil-floor       
/ables1 9 privies1 on refuse piles1 & on
 any accumulations ( f]m5t+ organic     
matt] :i* are n to be us$ = f]tiliz+    
purposes4  ,footnote #aa3 ,dep>tm5t     
,bullet9 #aah1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t (      
,agriculture1 p4 #be4   ,,treatm5t ,,)  

,,calcium ,,cyanamid ,,& ,,acid         
,,phosphate4  ,_m exp]im5ts ) mixtures (
 comm]cial f]tiliz]s 7 tri$ to det]m9e  
:e!r fly l>vae w\ld be kill$ by any     
sub/ance ! addition ( :i* w\ld increase 
! f]tiliz+ value ( ! manure4 ,a mixture 
( calcium cyanamid & acid phosphate 0   
f\nd to possess consid]able l>vicidal   
action4 ,sev]al exp]im5ts %[$ t #a_/b   
p\nd ( calcium cyanamid plus #a_/b p\nd 
( acid phosphate to ea* bu%el ( manure  
give an app>5t l>vicidal action ( #ih p]
 c5t4 ,! mixture 9 ! =m ( a p[d] 0      
scatt]$ ev5ly ov] ! surface & !n wet d[n
 ) wat]4 ,! use ( ?is mixture adds to ! 
manure two important elem5ts1 nitrog5 & 
phosphorus4   ,,maggot ,,trap ,,=       
,,de/ruction ,,( ,,fly ,,l>vae ,,f      
,,horse ,,manure4  ,! second me?od (    
h&l+ manure is "o :i* does n require !  
application ( *emicals4 ,x is bas$ on ! 
fact1 m5tion$ on page #d1 t ! l>vae ( ! 
h\se fly1 a few h\rs be=e !y are ready  
to pupate1 %[ a /rong t5d5cy to migrate4
 ,?is migration takes place mo/ly at    

night1 & ! l>vae sometimes crawl        
consid]able di/ances f ! manure pile4   
,n[ x is possible by means ( a v simple 
arrangem5t call$ a maggot trap to de/roy
 fully #ii p] c5t ( all maggots bre$+ 9 
a giv5 lot ( manure4 ,a successful      
maggot trap :i* ! ,m>yl& ,agricultural  
,college con/ruct$ at ! college b>n is  
%[n 9 ,figure #i4 ,! trap 0 design$ by  
,r4 ,h4 ,hut*ison & con/ruct$ "u 8      
sup]vision4 ,! manure1 in/ead ( be+ ?r[n
 on ! gr\nd1 is heap$ c>efully on a     
slatt$ plat=m1 :i* /&s ab\t #a foot     
high4 ,?is p>ticul> plat=m measures #aj 
by #bj feet4 ,!re are six #b by #d      
pieces runn+ l5g?wise #b feet ap>t4     
,across ^! are nail$ #a-;in* /rips )    
#a_/b to #a in* spaces betwe5 !m4 ,!    
wood5 plat=m /&s on a concrete floor1 & 
a rim or wall ( concrete #d in*es high  
surr\nds ! floor4 ,! floor slopes a     
little t[>d "o corn] f :i* a pipe leads 
to a small ci/]n ne> by4 ,?is pipe is   
plugg$ ) a /opp] ( s(t wood1 & !        
concrete floor is fill$ ) wat] to a dep?

 ( #a in* 9 ! %all[e/ "p4 ,flies w lay  
_! eggs on ! manure z usual1 b !        
maggots1 :5 !y h f9i%$ fe$+ & beg9 to   
migrate1 crawl out ( ! manure1 drop into
 ! wat] bel[1 & are dr[n$4 ,ea* week !  
plug is remov$ f ! pipe1 & all ! maggots
 are wa%$ into ! ci/]n4 ,! floor is !n  
clean$ ( any solid p>ticles by means ( a
 long-h&l$ /able broom or by a /rong    
/ream ( wat] f a hose4 ,! pipe be+ aga9 
plugg$1 ! floor is aga9 p>tly fill$ )   
wat] & ! trap is ready = ano!r week's   
cat*4 ,a plat=m ( ?is size w hold !     
manure accumulat+ f f\r horses dur+ !   
p]iod ( f\r mon?s1 or ab\t #bj days'    
accumulation f #be horses1 if ! heap is 
well built & made at lea/ #e feet high4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,a maggot trap 
= h\se-fly control4 ,view %[+ ! concrete
 bas9 conta9+ wat] 9 :i* l>vae are      
dr[n$1 & ! wood5 plat=m on :i* manure is
 heap$4 7,hut*ison47  ,exp]i5ce ) ?is   
maggot trap cle>ly indicates t be/      
results c be secur$ if ! manure is      
compactly heap$ on ! plat=m & kept      

?or\ghly moi/5$4 ,x is be/ to apply a   
small am\nt ( wat] ea* morn+ aft] !     
/able clean+s h be5 add$ to ! pile4 ,x  
%\ld be borne 9 m9d t 9 ord] to make ?is
 trap a success ! plat=m b5ea? ! pile   
mu/ be kept comp>atively free (         
accumulations ( manure1 & moi/ure appli$
 regul>ly to drive ! maggots out4       
,,compact ,,heap+ ,,( ,,manure4  ,ano!r 
me?od ( dispos+ ( manure has be5        
recomm5d$ by ,engli% writ]s4 ,! manure  
is built up 9 a compact rectangul> heap1
 ! sides ( :i* are beat5 h>d ) %ovels4  
,! gr\nd ar\nd ! edges ( ! heap is made 
smoo? & h>d & loose /raw is plac$ 9     
small w9dr[s ar\nd ! manure pile ab\t #a
 foot f ! edge4 ,! exclusion ( ! air1   
toge!r ) ! high temp]ature & gases =m$  
by f]m5tation1 t5ds to make ! heap      
unfavorable = ! developm5t ( fly l>vae4 
,^? :i* d happ5 to develop 9 ! surface  
lay]s w migrate & pupate 9 ! r+ ( /raw  
ar\nd ! heap1 :]e !y are de/roy$ by     
burn+4   ,,g>bage ,,disposal ,,&        
,,treatm5t ,,( ,,miscellane\s ,,bre$+   

,,places4  ,x is j z true "u f>m        
conditions z 9 cities t bre$+ places o!r
 ?an horse manure mu/ be att5d$ to4     
,g>bage mu/ be dispos$ (1 hog & p\ltry  
manure mu/ be c>$ =1 & especially on    
dairy f>ms x is extremely important t e 
precaution be tak5 to prev5t !          
contam9ation ( milk by flies4  ,x is v  
desirable t all refuse possible1        
accumulat$ f cities & t[ns1 be burn$4   
,inc9]ation has be5 practic$            
successfully by a numb] ( t[ns & cities 
) populations ( f #aj1jjj to #ae1jjj &  
ov]4 ,9 l>g] cities provision %\ld be   
made = burn+ c>casses z well z g>bage & 
o!r refuse4 ,if city & t[n g>bage is    
sold to hog fe$]s ! municipal au?orities
 %\ld h control ( ! sanit>y conditions  
ab\t ! fe$+ y>ds1 z !re is great dang] f
 fly bre$+ 9 su* places if n kept clean4
   ,,sewage ,,disposal ,,9 ,,relation   
,,to ,,! ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,fly-,,borne  
,,diseases4  ,9 ! consid]ation ( ^!     
measures we h n t\*$ ^u ! rem$ies = h\se
 flies bre$+ 9 human excrem5t4 ,on      

acc\nt ( ! dang] ( ! c>riage ( typhoid  
fev]1 ! dropp+ ( human excrem5t 9 ! op5 
9 cities or t[ns1 ei!r 9 vacant lots or 
9 d>k alleyways1 %\ld be made a         
misdemeanor1 & ! same c>e %\ld be tak5  
by ! sanit>y au?orities to remove or    
cov] up su* depositions z is tak5 9 !   
removal ( ! bodies ( dead animals4 ,=   
mod]n me?ods ( sewage disposal adapt$ = 
f>m use "o %\ld consult ,dep>tm5t (     
,agriculture ,dep>tm5t ,bullet9 ,no4    
#eg4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( mod]n me?ods ( sewage
 disposal1 absolutely sanit>y privies   
are prime necessities1 :e!r 9 t[ns or on
 f>ms4 ,directions = build+ & c>+ = su* 
privies w be f\nd 9 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9    
#dfc & 9 ,ye>book ,sep>ate #gab1 ,sewage
 ,disposal on ! ,f>m4 ,! box privy is   
always a nuisance f _m po9ts ( view1 &  
is und\bt$ly dang]\s z a bre$] ( flies  
:i* may c>ry ! g]ms ( inte/9al diseases4
 ,! dry-e>? treatm5t ( privies is       
unsatisfactory4 ,no box privy %\ld be   
p]mitt$ to exi/ unless x is ?or\ghly &  
regul>ly treat$ ) "s effective l>vicide4

 ,s9ce ! fecal matt] 9 su* privies is   
seldom us$ = f]tiliz+ purposes x may    
well be treat$ lib]ally ) borax4 ,!     
p[d]$ borax may be scatt]$ two or ?ree  
times a week ov] ! expos$ surface s z to
 :it5 x4     ,,:at ,,communities ,,c ,,d
 ,,to ,,elim9ate ,,! ,,h\se ,,fly4      
,antifly crusades h be5 v num]\s 9 rec5t
 ye>s1 & "s h be5 notewor?y bo? 9 me?ods
 & 9 results4 ,h[ev]1 x w n be amiss "h 
to emphasize ! importance ( conc]t$1    
organiz$ ef=t on ! "p ( :ole            
communities1 n only cities1 b suburban &
 rural neighborhoods z well4 ,by ! mo/  
pa9/ak+ c>e "o may prev5t all fly bre$+ 
on 8 premises1 b x w avail him little if
 8 neighbors are n equally c>eful4 ,"s  
sort ( coop]ation is necess>y4 ,"o ( !  
fir/ & mo/ important elem5ts 9 any      
antifly crusade is a vigor\s & cont9u$  
educational campaign4 ,x has be5 !      
exp]i5ce ( ^? :o h und]tak5 su* crusades
 t p g5]ally reg>d ! fly z a some:at    
h>mless nuisance & t ! fir/ "w ( !      
campaign 0 to br+ ! p to a realization (

 ! dang]s f flies & ! possibility (     
gett+ rid ( !m4 ,9 ! educational        
campaign e possible means ( publicity c 
be employ$1 includ+ newspap]s1 lectures1
 mov+ pictures1 po/]s1 h&bills1 c>toons1
 in/ruction 9 s*ools1 etc4  ,! antifly  
crusade is a matt] ( public int]e/ &    
%\ld be support$ by ! community z a :ole
 & eng9e]$ by ! heal? (fic]s4 ,b heal?  
(fic]s c d little t[>d ! necess>y "w (  
inspection & elim9ation )\t funds1 &    
!re=e ! support ( ! campaign mu/ manife/
 itself 9 increas$ appropriations =     
public-heal? "w4 ,v (t5 x is lack (     
funds :i* prev5ts ! heal? (fic]s f tak+ 
! initiative 9 ! antifly crusades1 & !re
 mu/ necess>ily be mu* agitation &      
education be=e !y c pr(itably take up ! 
"w4 ,"r "h lies a field = civic         
associations1 wom5's clubs1 bo>ds (     
trade1 etc41 to ex]cise _! be/ en]gy1   
initiative1 & lead]%ip4                 
,,organization ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates  
,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,,:5 ,,?is 
,,publication ,,0 ,,la/ ,,pr9t$         

,secret>y ( ,agriculture                
,,ar?ur ,m4 ,,hyde4    ,assi/ant        
,secret>y                   ,r4 ,w4     
,,dunlap4    ,director ( ,sci5tific ,"w 
,a4 ,f4 ,,woods4    ,director (         
,regulatory ,"w           ,,walt] ,g4   
,,campbell4    ,director ( ,ext5sion ,"w
            ,c4 ,w4 ,,w>burton4         
,director ( ,p]sonnel & ,bus9ess        
,adm9i/ration                    ,w4 ,w4
 ,,/ockb]g]4    ,director ( ,in=mation  
,m4 ,s4 ,,eis5h[]4    ,solicitor        
,e4 ,l4 ,,m>%all4    ,bureau (          
,agricultural ,economics      ,,nils ,a4
 ,,ols51 ,*ief4    ,bureau (            
,agricultural ,eng9e]+    ,s4 ,h4       
,,mccrory1 ,*ief4    ,bureau ( ,animal  
,indu/ry             ,,john ,r4 ,,mohl]1
 ,*ief4    ,bureau ( ,biological ,survey
           ,,paul ,g4 ,,r$+ton1 ,*ief4  
,bureau ( ,*emi/ry & ,soils         ,h4 
,g4 ,,knight1 ,*ief4    ,(fice (        
,coop]ative ,ext5sion ,"w  ,c4 ,b4      
,,smi?1 ,*ief4    ,bureau ( ,dairy      
,indu/ry              ,o4 ,e4 ,,re$1    

,*ief4    ,bureau ( ,entomology         
,c4 ,l4 ,,m>latt1 ,*ief4    ,(fice (    
,exp]im5t ,/ations         ,,james ,t4  
,,j>d9e1 ,*ief4    ,food & ,drug        
,adm9i/ration          ,,walt] ,g4      
,,campbell1 ,director                   
( ,regulatory ,"w1 9 ,*>ge4    ,=e/     
,s]vice                        ,r4 ,y4  
,,/u>t1 ,*ief4    ,gra9 ,futures        
,adm9i/ration          ,j4 ,w4 ,t4      
,,duvel1 ,*ief4    ,bureau ( ,home      
,economics              ,,l\ise         
,,/anley1 ,*ief4    ,libr>y             
,,cl>ibel ,r4 ,,b>nett1 ,libr>ian4      
,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry               
,,william ,a4 ,,taylor1 ,*ief4          
,bureau ( ,plant ,qu>ant9e              
,,lee ,a4 ,,/rong1 ,*ief4    ,bureau (  
,public ,roads                ,,?omas   
,h4 ,,macdonald1 ,*ief4    ,wea!r       
,bureau                        ,,*>les  
,f4 ,,m>v91 ,*ief4   ,u4 ,s4 ,,gov]nm5t 
,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3 #aich   ,= sale by !   
,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4  
,c4 ,price #e c5ts   ,transcrib]'s      

,note3 ,footnotes #aj  #aa r5umb]$ to   
avoid ! confusion g5]at$ by two footnote
 #i's4