,,it999999 file which includes the original illustrations4 ,see #ahjcc-;h4htm or #ahjcc-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/dirs_/#a_/ h_/j_/c_/ahjcc_/ahjcc-;h_/#ahjcc-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/dirs_/#a_/ h_/j_/c_/ahjcc_/ahjcc-;h4zip7 ,,the ,,boston ,,terrier ,,and ,,all ,,about ,,it4 ,a ,practical1 ,scientific1 and ,up to ,date ,guide to the ,breeding of the ,american ,dog by ,,edward ,,axtell ,proprietor ,st4 ,botolph ,kennels1 ,cliftondale1 ,mass41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,associate ,member ,american ,kennel ,club ,member of ,the ,boston ,terrier ,club ,for ,twelve ,years ,the ,boston ,terrier ,club of ,new ,york ,illustration3 ,edward ,axtell ,published by ,dogdom ,battle ,creek ,mich4 ,copyright1 #aiaj1 by ,dogdom ,publishing ,co4 ,battle ,creek1 ,michigan ,fourth ,edition ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,chapter ,i4 ,the ,boston ,terrier ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,the ,boston ,terrier ,club2 ,its ,history2 ,the ,order of ,business2 ,constitution1 ,by-,laws and ,official ,standard ,the ,revised ,boston ,terrier ,standard ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,kenneling ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,general ,hints ,on ,breeding ,,chapter ,v4 ,rearing ,of ,puppies ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,breeding ,for ,size ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,breeding ,for ,good ,disposition ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,breeding ,for a ,vigorous ,constitution ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,breeding ,for ,color and ,markings ,,chapter ,x4 ,sales ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,boston ,terrier ,type and the ,standard ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,picture ,taking ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,notes ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,conclusion ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,technical ,terms ,used ,in ,relation ,to the ,boston ,terrier1 and ,their ,meaning ,,index ,,to ,,illustrations ,edward ,axtell ,franz ,j4 ,heilborn ,heilborn's ,raffles ,edward ,burnett1 a ,prominent ,early ,breeder ,barnard's ,tom ,hall's ,max ,champion ,halloo ,prince ,bixby's ,tony ,boy ,j4 ,p4 ,barnard1 the ,father of the ,boston ,terrier ,champion ,sonnie ,punch ,rockydale ,junior ,edward ,axtell1 ,jr41 and ,one of ,his ,boston ,terriers ,e4 ,s4 ,pollard1 ,a ,large and ,successful ,breeder ,st4 ,botolph's ,mistress ,king ,champion ,yankee ,doodle ,pride ,champion ,dallen's ,spider ,champion ,mister ,jack ,champion ,caddy ,belle ,prince ,lutana ,champion ,fosco ,pop ,benson with ,bunny ,,ii ,sir ,barney ,blue ,champion ,lady ,dainty ,champion ,todd ,boy ,champion ,willowbrook ,glory ,squantum ,punch ,tony ,ringmaster ,goode's ,buster ,champion ,whisper ,champion ,druid ,vixen ,champion ,remlik ,bonnie ,champion ,boylston ,reina ,champion ,roxie ,peter's ,little ,boy and ,ch4 ,trimont ,roman ,champion ,lord ,derby ,gordon ,boy1 ,gretchen1 ,derby's ,buster1 ,tommy ,tucker1 ,ch4 ,lord ,derby ,gordon ,boy ,champion ,dean's ,lady ,luana ,mrs4 ,william ,kuback1 with ,ch4 ,lady ,sensation ,,chapter ,i4 ,,the ,,boston ,,terrier4 ,who and what is this little dog that has forced his way by leaps and bounds from ,boston town to the uttermost parts of this grand country1 from the broad ,atlantic to the ,golden ,gate1 and from the ,canadian border to the ,gulf of ,mexico8 ,nay1 not content with this1 but has overrun the imaginary borders north and south until he is fast becoming as great a favorite on the other side as here1 and who promises in the near future1 unless all signs fail1 to cross all oceans1 and extend his conquests wherever man is found that can appreciate beauty and fidelity in man's best friend4 ,what passports does he present that he should be entitled to the recognition that he has everywhere accorded him8 ,a dog that has in #ce years or less so thoroughly established himself in the affections of the great body of the ,american people1 so that his friends offer no apology whatever in calling him the ,american dog1 must possess peculiar qualities that endear him to all classes and conditions of men1 and ,i firmly believe that when all the fads for which his native city is so well known have died a natural death1 he will be in the early bloom of youth4 ,yea1 in the illimitable future1 when the historian ,mc,cauley's ,new ,zealander is lamenting over the ruins of that marvelous city of ,london1 he will be accompanied by a ,boston terrier1 who will doubtless be intelligent enough to share his grief4 ,in reply to the query as to who and what he is1 it will be readily recalled that on the birth of possibly the greatest poet the world has ever seen it was stated3 ,the force of nature could no further go1 ,to make a third1 she joined the other two4 ,and this applies with equal force to the production of the ,boston terrier4 ,the two old standard breeds of world-wide reputation1 the ,english bulldog and the bull terrier1 had to be joined to make a third which we believe to be the peer of either1 and the superior of both4 ,the dog thus evolved possesses a type and individuality strictly his own1 inherited from both sides of the house1 and is a happy medium between these two grand breeds1 possessing the best qualities of each4 ,to some the name terrier would suggest the formation of the dog on approximate terrier lines1 but this is as completely erroneous as to imagine that the dog should approach in like proportion to the bull type4 ,when the dog was in its infancy it was frequently called the ,boston bull1 and then again the round-headed bull and terrier1 and later1 when the ,boston ,terrier ,club was taken under the wings of the great ,a4,k4,c4 in #ahic1 it became officially known as the ,boston terrier4 ,there are several features that are characteristic of the dog that tend to its universal popularity--its attractive shape1 style and size1 its winning disposition1 and its beautiful color and markings4 ,from the bulldog he inherits a sweet1 charming personality1 quiet1 restful demeanor1 and an intense love of his master and home4 ,he does not possess the restless1 roving disposition which characterizes so many members of the terrier tribe1 nor will he be found quarreling with other dogs4 ,from the bull terrier side he inherits a lively mood1 the quality of taking care of himself if attacked by another dog1 and of his owner1 too1 if necessary1 the propensity to be a great destroyer of all kinds of vermin if properly trained1 and an ideal watch dog at night4 ,no wonder he is popular1 he deserves to be4 ,the standard describes him as follows3 ,the general appearance of the ,boston terrier is that of a smooth1 short-coated1 compactly built dog of medium station4 ,the head should indicate a high degree of intelligence and should be in proportion to the dog's size2 the body rather short and well knit1 the limbs strong and finely turned1 no feature being so prominent that the dog appears badly proportioned4 ,the dog conveys an impression of determination1 strength and activity1 style of a high order and carriage easy and graceful4 ,the men composing the ,boston ,terrier ,club1 who framed this standard in #aijj1 were as thoughtful a body as could possibly be gotten together1 and they carefully considered and deliberated over every point at issue1 and in my estimation this standard is as near perfect as any can be4 ,i was an interested participant in the discussion of the same1 having in my mind's eye as models those two noted dogs owned by that wonderful judge of the breed1 ,mr4 ,alex4 ,goode1 ,champion ,monte1 and his illustrious sire1 ,buster4 ,if one takes the pains to analyze the standard he will be impressed by the perfect co-relation of harmony of all parts of the dog1 from the tip of his broad1 even muzzle1 to the end of his short screw tail4 ,nothing incongruous in its makeup presents itself1 but a graceful1 symmetrical style characterizes the dog1 and ,i firmly believe that any change whatever would be a detriment4 ,illustration3 ,franz ,j4 ,heilborn ,illustration3 ,heilborn's ,raffles ,illustration3 ,edward ,burnett ,a ,prominent ,early ,breeder ,it seems to be hardly necessary at this late date to give a history of the dog1 but perhaps for that large number of people who are intensely interested in him but have not had the chance to have been made acquainted with his origin1 a brief survey may be of service4 ,although ,boston rightly claims the honor of being the birthplace of the ,boston terrier1 still ,i think the original start of the dog was in ,england1 for the first dog that was destined to be the ancestor of the modern ,boston terrier was a dog named ,judge1 a cross between an ,english bull and bull terrier1 imported from the other side and owned by ,mr4 ,r4 ,c4 ,hooper1 and known as ,hooper's ,judge4 ,on my last visit to ,england ,i found that quite a number of dogs have been bred in this way1 viz41 a first cross between the bull and terrier1 especially in the neighborhood of ,birmingham in the middle of ,england2 but these dogs are no more like the ,boston terrier than an ass is like a thoroughbred horse4 ,judge was a dark brindle1 with a white stripe in face1 nearly even mouthed1 weighing about thirty-two pounds1 and approximating more to the bull than the terrier side4 ,he was mated to a white1 stocky built1 three-quarter tail1 low stationed bitch1 named ,gyp 7or ,kate71 owned by ,mr4 ,edward ,burnett of ,southboro4 ,like ,judge1 she possessed a good1 short1 blocky head4 ,it may not be out of place to state here that some few years ago1 on paying a visit to ,mr4 ,burnett at ,deerfoot ,farm1 ,southboro1 he told me that in the early days he possessed thirteen white ,boston terrier dogs that used to accompany him in his walks about the farm1 and woe to any kind of vermin or vagrant curs that showed themselves4 ,from ,judge and ,gyp descended ,well's ,eph1 a low-stationed1 dark brindle dog with even white markings1 weighing twenty-eight pounds4 ,eph was mated to a golden brindle1 short-headed1 twenty pound bitch1 having a three-quarter tail1 named ,tobin's ,kate4 ,from this union came a red brindle dog with a white blaze on one side of his face1 white collar1 white chest1 and white feet1 weighing twenty-two pounds1 and possessing the first screw tail1 named ,barnard's ,tom4 ,i shall never forget the first visit ,i made to ,barnard's stable to see him4 ,to my mind he possessed a certain type1 style and quality such as ,i had never seen before1 but which stamped him as the first real ,boston terrier1 as the dog is today understood4 ,i was never tired of going to see him and his brother1 ,atkinson's ,toby4 ,tom was mated to a dark brindle bitch1 evenly marked1 weighing twenty pounds4 ,she had a good1 short1 blocky head1 and a three-quarter tail1 and known as ,kelley's ,nell4 ,the result of this mating was a dog destined to make ,boston terrier history1 and to my mind the most famous ,boston terrier born1 judged by results4 ,he was known as ,mike1 commonly called ,barnard's ,mike4 ,he was a rather light brindle and white1 even mouthed1 short tailed dog1 weighing about twenty-five pounds1 very typical1 but what impressed me was his large1 full eye1 the first ,i had ever seen1 and which we see so often occurring in his descendants4 ,i owned a grandson of his named ,gus1 #dhacf1 who was almost a reproduction of him1 with eyes fully as large4 ,unfortunately he jumped out of a third-story window in my kennels and permanently ended his usefulness4 ,chief among the direct descendants from ,hooper's ,judge were the noted stud dogs1 ,ben ,butler1 ,hall's ,max1 ,o',brien's ,ross1 ,hook's ,punch1 ,trimount ,king1 ,mc,mullen's ,boxer1 and ,ben1 ,goode's ,ned1 and ,bixby's ,tony ,boy4 ,the two dogs that impressed me the most in that group were ,max1 a fairly good sized1 beautiful dispositioned dog that could almost talk1 belonging to ,dr4 ,hall1 then a house doctor at the ,eye and ,ear ,infirmary1 ,charles street4 ,he was used1 ,i am told1 a great deal in the stud1 and sired a great many more puppies than the doctor ever knew of4 ,bixby's ,tony ,boy was the other4 ,i had a very handsome bitch by him out of a ,torrey's ,ned bitch1 and liked her so much that ,i offered ,mr4 ,bixby1 ,i believe1 #gjj for ,tony1 only to be told that a colored gentleman 7who evidently knew a good thing when he saw it7 had offered him #bjj more4 ,of the line of early bitches of the same breeding may briefly be mentioned ,reynold's ,famous1 dam of ,gilbert's ,fun2 ,kelley's ,nell1 dam of ,ross and ,trimount ,king2 ,saunder's ,kate1 dam of ,ben ,butler2 ,nolan's ,mollie1 dam of ,doctor1 ,evadne and ,nancy4 ,quite a number of other small dogs were subsequently introduced into the breed1 which had now been somewhat inbred4 ,these were largely imported from the other side1 and were similar in type to ,hooper's ,judge4 ,one of the most noted was the ,jack ,reede dog4 ,he was an evenly marked1 reddish brindle and white1 rather rough in coat1 three-quarter tail1 weighing fourteen pounds4 ,another very small dog was the ,perry dog1 imported from ,scotland1 bluish and white in color1 with a three-quarter straight tail1 and weighing but six pounds4 ,i have always felt very sorry not to have seen him1 as he must have been a curiosity4 ,still another outside dog1 also imported1 and very quarrelsome1 white in color1 weighing eighteen pounds1 with a good1 large skull1 and an eye as full as ,barnard's ,mike1 but straight tail1 was ,kelley's ,brick4 ,another outside dog 7,i do not know where he came from71 was ,o',brien's ,ben4 ,he was a short1 cobby1 white and tan brindle color1 three-quarter tail1 with a short head and even mouth4 ,it will be observed that practically all these outside dogs were small sized1 and were selected largely on that account4 ,by the continued inbreeding of the most typical of the sons and daughters of ,tom1 the present type of the dog was made permanent4 ,illustration3 ,barnard's ,tom ,illustration3 ,hall's ,max ,illustration3 ,champion ,halloo ,prince ,illustration3 ,bixby's ,tony ,boy ,perhaps this somewhat restricted review of the breed1 going back over thirty-six or seven years and showing the somewhat mixed ancestry of our present blue-blooded ,boston terrier of today1 may afford some explanation of the diversity of type frequently presented in one litter4 ,i have seen numbers of litters where the utmost attention has been paid to every detail with the expectancy of getting crackerjacks1 to find that one will have to wait for the next time1 as the litter in question showed the bull type1 and the terrier also1 and very little ,boston2 but fortunately1 with the mating intelligently attended to1 and the putting aside of all dogs that do not comport to the standard as non-breeders1 a type of a dog will be bred true to our highest ideals4 ,my advice to all breeders is1 do not get discouraged1 try1 yes1 try again1 and ,boston terriers1 that gladden the eye and fill the pocketbook1 will be yours4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,the ,,boston ,,terrier ,,club4 ,,its ,,history1 ,,the ,,order ,,of ,,its ,,business1 ,,constitution1 ,,by-,,laws1 ,,and ,,official ,,standard4 ,in #ahij a club was formed in ,boston by a comparatively small body of men who were very much interested in the dog then known as the ,round-,headed ,bull and ,terrier dog4 ,these men were breeders and lovers of the dog1 and their main object in coming together was not to have a social good time 7although1 happily1 this generally took place71 but to further the interests of the dog in every legitimate way4 ,the dog had been shown at the ,new ,england ,kennel ,club show1 held in ,boston in ,april1 #ahhh1 being judged by ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,barnard1 ,jr41 ofttimes styled the father of the breed1 practically two years before the formation of the ,club4 ,the year following the ,club applied for admission in the ,american ,kennel ,club1 and recognition for their dogs in the ,stud ,book4 ,the ,a4 ,k4 ,c4 stated that while perfectly willing to take the ,club into its fold1 they could not place the dog in the ,stud ,book1 as he was not an established breed1 and suggesting1 that as the dog was not a bull terrier1 and as he was then bred exclusively in ,boston1 the name of the ,boston ,terrier ,club4 ,the year following the ,a4 ,k4 ,c41 after a great deal of persuasion by the loyal and devoted members of the ,club1 became convinced of the merits of the breed1 and formally acknowledged the same by admitting the ,club to membership1 and giving their dog a place in the official ,stud ,book4 ,the ,boston ,terrier ,club is duly incorporated under the laws of ,massachusetts1 has a present membership of from seventy-five to a hundred1 men and women who are devoted to the dog1 and willing to do everything for its advancement4 ,the annual meeting is held on the second ,wednesday in ,december1 at which a number of judges are elected1 whose names are forwarded to the bench show committees of the principal shows1 requesting that one of the number be elected to officiate as judge of the ,boston terriers4 ,monthly meetings are held which are always exceedingly interesting and instructive4 ,the officers are elected by printed ballots sent to all members of the ,club1 who mark and return them4 ,they consist of the president1 vice-president1 secretary1 and treasurer4 ,the executive committee consists of the officers 7ex officio7 and three others4 ,the ,club gives a specialty show yearly in ,boston and is the largest and greatest of one breed fixtures2 the dog being1 in fact1 one of the largest supporters of the dog shows in the country4 ,cups and medals are offered at most of the bench shows for competition among the members1 and at the ,ladies' ,kennel ,association shows a cup and medal were offered1 open to all exhibitors of ,boston terriers4 ,in view of the fact that so many ,boston ,terrier ,clubs are starting up all over the country1 and even beyond1 the following ,order of ,business1 ,constitution1 ,by-,laws1 and ,official ,standard1 can safely be taken as models3 ,,order ,,of ,,business4 #a4 ,calling meeting to order4 #b4 ,roll call4 #c4 ,reading of minutes4 #d4 ,reports of officers4 #e4 ,reports of standing committees by seniority4 #f4 ,reports of special committees4 #g4 ,communications4 #h4 ,applications for membership4 #i4 ,election of members4 #aj4 ,election of officers4 #aa4 ,unfinished business4 #ab4 ,new business4 #ac4 ,welfare of the ,club4 ,under this heading is included remarks and debates intended to promote the interests of the ,club and the ,boston terrier in general4 #ad4 ,adjournment4 ,,constitution4 ,,article ,i4 ,,name4 ,this ,association shall be known as and called the ,boston ,terrier ,club4 ,,article ,,ii4 ,,object4 ,the object of the ,club shall be to promote and encourage the breeding and improvement of the ,boston ,terrier ,dog1 as defined by its standard4 ,,article ,,iii4 ,,membership4 ,,section #a4 ,applications for membership must be accompanied by the membership fee and endorsed by two members1 and made at least seven days before action by the ,club1 to the secretary or a member of the membership committee1 who shall refer it to said committee for investigation4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,any member can resign from the ,club by sending his resignation to the secretary in writing1 and upon the acceptance of such1 all his interest in the property of the ,club ceases from the date of such resignation4 ,,sec4 #c4 ,any member whose dues shall remain unpaid for one month after the same becomes due1 shall cease to be a member1 and forfeit to the ,club all claims and benefits to which he would have been entitled as a member1 provided that the executive committee may consider his case1 and upon sufficient cause shown1 reinstate him to membership upon payment of his dues4 ,,article ,,iv4 ,,management4 ,,section #a4 ,the officers of the ,club shall consist of a president1 vice-president1 secretary1 treasurer1 and an executive committee1 of which three shall constitute a quorum2 said committee to consist of the above named officers and three active members chosen by the ,club4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,any office vacated during the year shall be filled by the executive committee4 ,,article ,v4 ,,section #a4 ,nomination for officers and judges for the ensuing year shall be made either by mail or from the floor1 at a meeting to be held in ,november1 at least twenty days prior to the annual meeting1 the call to contain the purpose of the meeting1 after which nominations shall be closed4 ,the secretary shall mail a ballot containing all regular nominations to each member in time to be voted at the annual meeting4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,the officers of the ,club shall be chosen by ballot at the annual meeting and shall hold their respective offices for one year or until their respective successors are elected4 ,,sec4 #c4 ,mail voting shall be allowed on amendments to the ,constitution1 ,by-,laws1 ,standard and ,scale of ,points4 ,,sec4 #d4 ,each member shall have the right to vote on the election of officers and judges by mailing the official ballot duly marked and sealed to the secretary1 and enclosed in an envelope1 which envelope shall also contain the name of the member so voting4 ,,article ,,vi4 ,,meetings4 ,,section #a4 ,there shall be meetings of the ,club1 at which seven members present and voting shall constitute a quorum1 held at ,boston1 ,mass41 at such time and place as the president may direct1 but the annual meeting shall be held on the second ,wednesday in ,december of each year4 ,,special ,,meetings4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,a special meeting of the ,club shall be called by the president on the written application of five members in good standing4 ,,by-,,laws4 ,,article ,i4 ,,duties ,,of ,,officers4 ,,section #a4 ,president4--,the president shall discharge the usual duties of his office1 preside at all meetings of the ,club and of the executive committee1 call special meetings of the ,club1 or of the executive committee1 and enforce the provisions of the ,constitution and ,by-,laws of the ,club4 ,he may vote on amendments to the ,constitution or alteration of the ,by-,laws and ,standard or ,scale of ,points1 on the expulsion or suspension of a member1 and on election of officers and judges4 ,but on all other matters he shall vote only in case of tie and then give the deciding vote4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,vice-,president4--,the vice-president shall discharge all the duties of the president in the latter's absence4 ,,sec4 #c4 ,secretary4--,the secretary shall have charge of all official correspondence1 keep copies of all letters sent by him1 and file such as he may receive1 and correspond at the request of the president or executive committee on all matters appertaining to the object of the ,club4 ,he shall keep a roll of the members of the ,club with their addresses4 ,he shall be exempt from payment of annual dues4 ,,sec4 #d4 ,treasurer4--,the treasurer shall collect and receive all moneys due the ,club and keep a correct account of the same4 ,he shall pay all orders drawn on him by the executive committee out of the funds of the ,club1 when countersigned by the president1 and present a report of the condition of affairs in his department at the request of the executive committee or president1 and at the annual meeting4 ,the treasurer shall furnish a bond satisfactory to the executive committee4 ,,sec4 #e4 ,committees4--,the executive committee shall make all purchases ordered by the ,club1 audit the accounts of the treasurer and report the same at the annual election in ,december1 and transact all business not otherwise provided for4 ,it shall have the power to appoint sub-committees for any special purpose1 and to delegate to each sub-committee the powers and functions of the committee relating thereto4 ,the president shall be the chairman of the executive committee4 ,,sec4 #f4 ,sub-,committees4--,the standing sub-committees shall be a membership committee of five and a pedigree committee of three4 ,the membership committee shall investigate the standing of all applicants1 and report to the ,club for action those names it considers as desirable members4 ,the pedigree committee shall investigate the pedigrees of those dogs offered for registration in the ,boston ,terrier ,stud ,book4 ,the chairman of the pedigree committee shall have the custody of the ,club stud book1 and shall enter in the same the registrations allowed by the ,b4 ,t4 ,c4 ,,article ,,ii4 ,,discipline4 ,the executive committee shall have the power to discipline by suspension a member found guilty of conduct prejudicial to the best interests of the ,club4 ,all charges against a member must be made in writing and filed with the executive committee1 and no member shall be suspended without an opportunity to be heard in his own defense4 ,when the expulsion of a member is considered advisable1 the report of the committee shall be presented to the ,club1 whose action shall be final4 ,,article ,,iii4 ,,dues4 ,,section #a4 ,the entrance fee shall be five dollars1 which must accompany the application for membership4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,the annual dues shall be ten dollars1 payable upon notice of election and at each annual meeting thereafter4 ,,article ,,iv4 ,,judges4 ,,section #a4 ,there shall be elected by ballot each year at the annual meeting a corps of not more than fifteen judges1 a list of whose names shall be sent to bench show committees with a request that the judge of ,boston terriers at their approaching shows be selected from said list4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,the ,club judges may exhibit1 but shall not compete at or be interested directly or indirectly in the show at which they officiate4 ,,article ,v4 ,,amendments4 ,this ,constitution and these ,by-,laws1 and the ,standard and ,scale of ,points may be amended or altered by a two-thirds vote at any regular meeting or special meeting called for that purpose4 ,notice of proposed change having been given to all members at least ten days previous to said meeting4 ,,the ,,revised ,,boston ,,terrier ,,standard ,the present ,boston terrier standard was adopted by the ,boston ,terrier ,club on ,october #g1 #aiad1 as a result of a revision recommended by a committee appointed by the ,boston ,terrier ,club4 ,it was felt1 in view of the fact that the dog had become established all over the continent among breeders and fanciers not as familiar with the ideal of the breed as were the original breeders and friends of the dog around ,boston1 that a more explicit1 definite standard1 one that could be more easily understood by the great body of the dog's admirers of today1 should be adopted4 ,it will be readily observed by a comparison of the old standard1 which has practically been in existence since the formation of the club in #ahia1 that no vital point has been really changed4 ,,revised ,,standard ,,old ,,standard4 ,point ,values ,scale of ,points4 #aj ,,general ,,appearance3 ,the #aj ,,general ,,appearance ,,and general appearance of ,,style3 ,the general the ,boston terrier appearance of the ,boston should be that of a ,terrier is that of a lively1 highly smooth1 short-coated1 intelligent1 smooth compactly-built dog of coated1 short headed1 medium station4 ,the head compactly built1 short should indicate a high tailed1 well balanced degree of intelligence and dog of medium station1 should be in proportion to of brindle color and the dog's size2 the body evenly marked with rather short and white4 ,the head should well-knit1 the limbs indicate a high degree strong and finely turned1 of intelligence and no feature being so should be in proportion prominent that the dog to the size of the dog2 appears badly the body rather short proportioned4 ,the dog and well knit1 the limbs conveys an impression of strong and neatly determination1 strength turned2 tail short and and activity4 ,style of a no feature being so high order1 and carriage prominent that the dog easy and graceful4 appears badly proportioned4 ,the dog should convey an impression of determination1 strength and activity1 with style of a high order2 carriage easy and graceful4 ,a proportionate combination of ,color and ,ideal ,markings is a particularly distinctive feature of a representative specimen1 and dogs with a preponderance of white on body1 or without the proper proportion of brindle and white on head1 should possess sufficient merit otherwise to counteract their deficiencies in these respects4 ,the ideal ,boston ,terrier ,expression as indicating a high degree of intelligence1 is also an important characteristic of the breed4 ,color and ,markings and ,expression should be given particular consideration in determining the relative value of ,general ,appearance to other points4 #ab ,,skull3 ,square1 flat on #ab ,,skull3 ,broad and flat1 top1 free from wrinkles2 without prominent cheeks1 cheeks flat2 brow abrupt1 and forehead free from stop well defined4 wrinkles4 #b ,,stop3 ,well defined1 but indenture not too deep4 #e ,,eyes3 ,wide apart1 large #e ,,eyes3 ,wide apart1 large and and round1 dark in round1 neither sunken nor too color1 expression alert1 prominent1 and in color dark but kind and and soft4 ,the outside corner intelligent2 the eyes should be on a line with the should set square across cheeks as viewed from the brow and the outside front4 corners should be on a line with the cheeks as viewed from the front4 #ab ,,muzzle3 ,short1 square1 #ab ,,muzzle3 ,short1 square1 wide and deep2 free from wide and deep1 without wrinkles2 shorter in wrinkles4 ,nose black and length than in width and wide1 with a well defined depth1 and in proportion straight line between to skull2 width and nostrils4 ,the jaws broad depth carried out well and square1 with short1 to end4 ,nose black and regular teeth4 ,the chops wide1 with well defined wide and deep1 not line between nostrils4 pendulous1 completely ,the jaws broad and covering the teeth when square1 with short mouth is closed4 regular teeth4 ,the chops of good depth1 but not pendulous1 completely covering the teeth when mouth is closed4 ,the muzzle should not exceed in approximate length one-third of length of skull4 #b ,,ears3 ,small and thin1 #b ,,ears3 ,small and thin1 situated as near corners situated as near corners of skull as possible4 of skull as possible4 ,,head ,,faults3 ,skull domed or inclined2 furrowed by a medial line2 skull too long for breadth1 or vice versa2 stop too shallow2 brow and skull too slanting4 ,eyes small or sunken2 too prominent2 light color2 showing too much white or haw4 ,muzzle wedge shaped or lacking depth2 down faced2 too much cut out below the eyes2 pinched nostrils2 protruding teeth2 weak lower jaw2 showing turn up4 ,poorly carried ears or out of proportion4 #c ,,neck3 ,of fair length1 #e ,,neck3 ,of fair length1 slightly arched and without throatiness and carrying the head slightly arched4 gracefully2 setting neatly into shoulders4 ,,neck ,,faults3 ,ewe-necked2 throatiness2 short and thick4 #ae ,,body3 ,deep with good #ae ,,body3 ,deep and broad of width of chest2 chest1 well ribbed up4 shoulders sloping2 back ,back short1 not roached4 short2 ribs deep and ,loins and quarters strong4 well sprung1 carried well back of loins2 loins short and muscular2 rump curving slightly to set-on of tail4 ,flank slightly cut up4 ,the body should appear short1 but not chunky4 ,,body ,,faults3 ,flat sides2 narrow chest2 long or slack loins2 roach back2 sway back2 too much cut up in flank4 #d ,,elbows3 ,standing #b ,,elbows3 ,standing neither neither in nor out4 in nor out4 #e ,,forelegs3 ,set moderately #d ,,forelegs3 ,wide apart1 wide apart and on a line straight and well with the points of the muscled4 shoulders2 straight in bone and well muscled2 pasterns short and strong4 #e ,,hindlegs3 ,set true2 bent #d ,,hindlegs3 ,straight1 at stifles2 short from quite long from stifle hocks to feet2 hocks to hock 7which should turning neither in nor turn neither in nor out2 thighs strong and out71 short and straight well muscled4 from hock to pasterns4 ,thighs well muscled4 ,hocks not too prominent4 #e ,,feet3 ,round1 small and #b ,,feet3 ,small1 nearly compact1 and turned round1 and turned neither in nor out2 toes neither in nor out4 ,toes well arched4 compact and arched4 ,,leg ,,and ,,feet ,,faults3 ,loose shoulders or elbows2 hind legs too straight at stifles2 hocks too prominent2 long or weak pasterns2 splay feet4 #e ,,tail3 ,set-on low2 short1 #aj ,,tail3 ,set-on low1 short1 fine and tapering2 fine and tapering1 straight or screw2 devoid of fringe or devoid of fringe or coarse hair1 and not coarse hair1 and not carried above the carried above horizontal4 horizontal4 ,,tail ,,faults3 ,a long or gaily carried tail2 extremely gnarled or curled against body4 7,note3 ,the preferred tail should not exceed in length approximately half the distance from set-on to hock47 #d ,,color3 ,brindle with #h ,,color3 ,any color1 white markings4 brindle1 evenly marked with white1 strongly preferred4 #aj ,,ideal ,,markings3 ,white #d ,,markings3 ,white muzzle1 even white blaze muzzle1 blaze on face1 over head1 collar1 collar1 chest and feet4 breast1 part or whole of forelegs and hindlegs below hocks4 ,,color ,,and ,,markings ,,faults3 ,all white2 absence of white markings2 preponderance of white on body2 without the proper proportion of brindle and white on head2 or any variations detracting from the general appearance4 #c ,,coat3 ,short1 smooth1 #c ,,coat3 ,fine in texture1 bright and fine in short1 bright and not texture4 too hard4 ,,coat ,,faults3 ,long or coarse2 lacking lustre4 --- --- #ajj #ajj ,,weights3 ,not exceeding ,,weight3 ,lightweight class1 #bg pounds1 divided as #ab and not to exceed #ag follows3 pounds2 middleweight ,lightweight3 ,under #ag class1 #ag and not to pounds4 exceed #bb pounds2 ,middleweight3 #ag and not heavyweight class1 #bb and exceeding #bb pounds4 not to exceed #bh pounds4 ,heavyweight3 #bb and not exceeding #bg pounds4 ,,disqualifications3 ,,disqualifications3 ,docked ,solid black1 black and tail and any artificial tan1 liver and mouse means used to deceive the colors4 ,docked tail and judge4 any artificial means used to deceive the judge4 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,p4 ,barnard ,the ,father of the ,boston ,terrier ,illustration3 ,champion ,sonnie ,punch ,illustration3 ,rockydale ,junior ,,an ,,early ,,standard ,the following standard adopted when the dog was known as the ,round-,headed ,bull and ,terrier ,dog1 will be of interest here4 ,skull--,large1 broad and flat4 ,stop--,well defined4 ,ears--,preferably cut1 if left on should be small and thin1 situated as near corners of skull as possible2 rose ears preferable4 ,eyes--,wide apart1 large1 round1 dark and soft and not goggle eyed4 ,muzzle--,short1 round and deep1 without wrinkles1 nose should be black and wide4 ,mouth--,preferably even1 teeth should be covered when mouth is closed4 ,neck--,thick1 clean and strong4 ,body--,deep at chest and well ribbed up1 making a short backed1 cobby built dog2 loins and buttocks strong4 ,legs--,straight and well muscled4 ,feet--,strong1 small and moderately round4 ,tail--,short and fine1 straight or screw1 carried low4 ,color--,any color1 except black1 mouse or liver2 brindle and white1 brindle or whole white are the colors most preferred4 ,coat--,short1 fine1 bright and hard4 ,symmetry--,of a high order4 ,disqualifications--,hair lip1 docked tail and any artificial means used to deceive the judge4 ,weight--,it was voted to divide the different weights into three classes1 as follows3 #ae pounds and under1 #be pounds and under1 #cf pounds and under4 ,scale of points3 ,skull #ae ,muzzle #ae ,nose #e ,eyes #e ,ears #e ,neck #e ,body #aj ,legs and ,feet #aj ,tail #aj ,color and ,coat #aj ,symmetry #aj --- ,total #ajj ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,kenneling ,it goes without saying that any place is not good enough for a dog1 although when one considers the way some dogs are housed in small1 dark outbuildings1 or damp1 ill-lighted and poorly ventilated cellars1 or even perhaps worse1 in old barrels or discarded drygoods boxes in some out-of-the-way corner1 it is not surprising the quality of the puppies raised in them4 ,a great many people who only keep one or two dogs keep them in the kitchen or living room1 and here1 of course1 conditions are all right1 but the fancier who keeps any considerable number will find that it pays to house his dogs in a comfortable1 roomy1 dry building1 free from draughts1 on high lands 7with a gravel foundation1 if possible71 that can be flooded with sunshine and fresh air4 ,such a kennel can be simple or elaborate in construction1 severely plain or ornamental in its architecture1 but it must possess the above characteristics in order to have its occupants kept in the pink of condition4 ,where half a dozen dogs are kept1 ,i think a kennel about #bj feet long1 nine feet wide1 with a pitched roof1 nine feet high in the front1 and at the back seven feet1 with a southern exposure1 with good windows that open top and bottom1 and a good tight board floor will do admirably4 ,this can1 of course1 be partitioned off in pens to suit1 with convenient runs outside wired at the top to prevent dogs jumping over4 ,the building should1 of course1 be well constructed1 covered with good sheathing paper1 and either clapboarded or shingled4 ,such a building should be cool in summer and warm in winter1 and thoroughly weather proof4 ,if provided with a good ,eureka ventilator and well painted1 the dogs and their owner will be satisfied4 ,where a much larger number of dogs are kept1 then a corresponding amount of floor space is a necessity4 ,i rather like the style of a kennel1 say from fifty to a hundred feet long1 twelve to fifteen feet wide1 with an open compartment or shed1 about twelve feet long 7in which the dogs can take a sun bath or get the air if the weather is not favorable to go outside4 ,this also makes an ideal feeding pen71 in the middle of the house1 without outside runs to each pen1 and each run opening into a large exercising yard1 so that all the dogs may have a good frolic together1 of course1 under the watchful eye of the kennel man4 ,the large breeders will also require a separate building at some distance from the main kennels for use as a hospital1 a small kennel for his bitches in season1 and some small1 portable kennels which can be placed under adequate shade trees for his litters of puppies during the hot weather4 ,it would be an excellent plan if good shade trees could be planted to cover all the runs1 but if this is not possible1 then it is advisable to have at the rear of the kennels a clear space covered over with a roof1 say ten or twelve feet wide1 for the dogs to have free access to during the heat of the day4 ,perhaps a description of our own kennels1 entirely different in construction from these1 and costing more to build1 may be of interest here4 ,we have two buildings1 seventy-five feet apart1 built exactly like a house1 with two stories and a high basement or cellar1 twenty-five feet wide and thirty feet long4 ,one of these houses is lined with matched paneling and divided off on each floor into separate compartments2 the other is only boarded1 one thickness of good paper and clapboarded and1 of course1 not nearly as warm4 ,this second building has no pens in it4 ,the basement has a stone wall at the back1 but on the east1 south and west sides is boarded to the ground1 and has a dry gravel floor4 ,these buildings are well supplied with windows 7the same as a house71 and get the sun all day4 ,in these buildings we have no artificial heat whatever1 and all stock1 except small puppies1 are kept there4 ,our pups in the winter have warm quarters until they are four months old1 when they are placed in the south side of the warmer kennels4 ,all puppies are kept in the cool basement in the hot weather1 and during the summer our bitches in whelp are kept there also4 ,we have not any separate runs attached to these buildings1 which entails a much closer watch on the dogs1 of course1 but each building opens into a very large enclosure with abundant shade trees1 and the dogs can1 if let out1 have the run of several acres4 ,in the fall of the year we have several tons of rowen 7second crop hay with a good deal of clover in it7 put in the upper story of the open kennel1 and a smaller amount in the first story1 and during the winter a certain number of young dogs that will not quarrel amongst themselves are given the run of the building where they burrow into the soft hay and are as comfortable as can be4 ,particular care has to be taken that they do not get any bones or any food to quarrel over1 or trouble would ensue right away4 ,allow me to say that only dogs brought up together with perfect dispositions can be allowed to run together4 ,a strange dog must never be placed with them or his days will be numbered4 ,in the summer1 of course1 no dogs are kept in the upper story1 as they would suffer from the heat4 ,also no bitches in whelp are ever allowed to run together4 ,in the other kennel in each pen during the cold weather is a large1 tight box1 with hole in side1 filled with this soft hay1 renewed when necessary1 in which two dogs sleep very comfortably4 ,the windows in each kennel1 as soon as the weather permits1 are kept open at the top night and day1 and top and bottom while the dogs are out doors in the daytime1 and in this way the kennels can be kept perfectly sweet and sanitary4 ,three times during the year1 in spring1 midsummer and fall1 the kennels are treated with a thorough fumigation of sulphur4 ,we buy bar sulphur by the barrel of a wholesale druggist or importer1 and use a good quantity 7a small dose does not do much good71 keeping the kennel windows and doors tightly closed for twelve hours1 after which the building is thoroughly aired before the dogs are returned4 ,of course1 this would not be practical during the winter1 nor is it at all necessary4 ,we find that once a week 7except of course1 during the cold weather71 it is a good plan to give the woodwork that the dog comes in contact with a good sprinkling with a watering pot with a solution of permanganate of potassium1 using a tablespoonful of the crystals dissolved in a quart of hot water4 ,it costs at wholesale fifty cents per pound1 and is the best disinfectant ,i have ever used4 ,unless the kennels are kept scrupulously clean the dogs' eyes1 especially the puppies1 are liable to become seriously inflamed4 ,the gravel in the basement we remove to a depth of eight inches twice a year1 putting fresh in its place4 ,where a large number of dogs are kept it will be found very convenient to have a cook house1 wash room and a small closet for kennel utensils in close proximity to the kennels4 ,by attending to these important essentials1 viz41 an abundance of pure air and sunshine1 protection from dampness1 draughts1 and cold1 proper disinfecting1 and sufficient protection from the intense heat of summer1 good health1 and a reasonable amount of success can be confidently expected1 but disease will surely find an entrance where these requirements are not met4 ,i would like to add that kennels only large enough for white mice1 or perchance piebald rats1 can never be successfully used to raise ,boston terriers in4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,general ,,hints ,,on ,,breeding4 ,having become possessed of suitable kennels to house his stock1 the breeder is confronted with the great question3 ,how and where shall ,i obtain my breeding stock8 ,much depends on a right start and the getting of the proper kind of dogs for the foundation4 ,our celebrated ,boston poet1 ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes1 when asked when a child's education should begin1 promptly replied1 ,a hundred years before it was born4 ,this contains an inherent truth that all breeders of choice stock of whatever description it may be1 recognize4 ,to be well born is half the battle1 and ,i think this applies with particular force to the ,boston terrier1 for without a good ancestry of well bred dogs1 possessing the best of dispositions1 constitutions and conformity to the standard1 he is worse than useless4 ,whether the start is made with one bitch or a dozen1 ,i believe the best plan to follow is to obtain of a reliable breeder1 noted for the general excellence of his dogs in all desirable characteristics1 what he considers the best stock obtainable for breeding purposes4 ,this does not imply1 of course1 that these bitches will be candidates for bench honors1 but it does mean that if mated with suitable sires the production of good1 all-round puppies with a reasonable amount of luck will be the result4 ,it would be useless to attempt to deal with the subject of breeding in more than a few of its aspects1 for after a period of twenty-five years of expended and scientific experiments in the breeding exclusively of ,bostons1 ,i shall have to confess that there are many problems still unsolved4 ,the rules and regulations that govern the production of many other breeds of dogs seem impotent here1 the assumption that like produces like does not seem to hold good frequently in this breed1 but perhaps the elements of uncertainty give an unspeakable charm to the efforts put forth for the production of the dogs which will be a credit to the owner's kennel4 ,the old adage that there is nothing duller than a puzzle of which the answer is known1 can readily be applied here4 ,i shall endeavor to confine my remarks to the laws observed and the lines followed for the production of dogs in our kennels1 especially in the attainment of correct color and markings1 vigorous constitutions and desirable dispositions4 ,in speaking of the breeding stock ,i am aware that ,i am going contrary to the opinion of many breeders when ,i state that ,i believe that the dam should possess equal or more quality than the sire1 that her influence and characteristics are perpetuated in her posterity to a greater degree than are those of the sire's1 especially that feature of paramount importance1 a beautiful disposition1 hence ,i speak of the maternal side of the house first4 ,there are two inexorable laws that confront the breeder at the onset1 more rigid than were those of the ,medes and ,persians1 the non-observance of which will inevitably lead to shipwreck4 ,better by far turn one's energies in attempting to square the circle1 or produce a strain of frogs covered with feathers1 than attempt to raise ,boston terriers without due attention being given to those physiological laws which experience has proven correct4 ,the first law is that ,like produces like1 although1 as previously stated in the case of this breed1 more than in any other known to the writer1 many exceptions present themselves1 even when the utmost care has been exercised1 still the maxim holds good in the main4 ,the second law is that of ,heredity1 too often paid inadequate attention to1 but which demands constant and unremitting apprehension1 as it modifies the first law in many ways4 ,it may be briefly described as the biological law by which the general characteristics of living creatures are repeated in their descendants4 ,practically every one has noticed its workings in the human family1 how many children bear a stronger resemblance to their grandparents1 uncles1 cousins1 etc41 than to their parents1 and in the lower order of animals1 and it seems to me in the ,bostons especially1 this tendency to atavism1 or throwing back to some ancestor1 in many cases quite remote1 is very pronounced1 hence the necessity of a good general knowledge of the pedigree and family history of the dogs the breeder selects for his foundation stock4 ,a kennel cannot be built in a day2 it takes time1 money1 perseverance1 and a strict attention to detail to insure success4 ,breed to the best1 is a golden rule1 but this applies not only to the animals themselves1 but also in a far greater measure to the good general qualities possessed by their ancestry4 ,far more pregnant with good results would be the mating of two good all-round specimens1 lacking to a considerable extent show points1 but the products of two families known for their general excellence for several generations1 than the offspring would be of two noted prize winners of uncertain ancestry1 neither of which possessed the inherent quality of being able to reproduce themselves4 ,it will be noted that very few first prize winners had prize winning sires and dams4 ,the noted stud dogs of the past1 ,buster1 ,sullivan's ,punch1 ,cracksman1 ,hickey's ,teddy ,,iv4 and many others were not in themselves noted winners1 and the same statement may be made of the dams of many of the prize winning dogs1 but they possessed in themselves and their ancestry that hall mark of quality which appeared in a pronounced form in their offspring4 ,experience has shown that first class qualities must exist for several generations in order to render their perpetuation highly probable4 ,the converse of this is equally true1 that any bad qualities bred for the same length of time are quite as hard to eliminate4 ,if the dog or bitch possesses weak points1 be sure to breed to dogs coming from families that are noted for their corresponding strong points4 ,in this case the principle of give and take will be adopted4 ,it used to be the ambition of every breeder 7or1 at least1 most of them71 to produce a winner1 rather than the production of a line of dogs of good uniform type1 of good average salable quality1 but most have lived long enough to see that this has not paid as well in money or expected results as where similar endeavors have been directed towards the production of good all-round dogs1 always striving to advance their dogs to a higher grade of excellence4 ,in this way in nearly every instance prize winning dogs have been produced1 and there is this peculiarity noticeable in this breed1 that any one1 whether he be a breeder of the greatest number1 or a very poor man owning only one or two in his kitchen kennel1 possesses an equal chance of producing the winner of the blue4 ,the breeder of today has a far easier time than in the early days of the dog when type was not as pronounced or fixed1 and when considerable inbreeding of necessity had to be resorted to4 ,in almost all parts of the country stud dogs of first class lineage are obtainable and the general public are educated sufficiently to understand the good points of the dog4 ,i think the breeding of this dog appeals to a wider class of people than any other breed1 from the man of wealth who produces the puppies to be given away as wedding presents or ,christmas gifts1 down to the lone widow1 or the man incapacitated for hard work1 who must do something to keep the wolf from the door1 and who finds in the raising of these charming little pets a certain source of income and a delightful occupation combined4 ,i do not think that any one may apprehend that the market will ever be overstocked1 for as the dog becomes known1 the desire for possession among all classes will be correspondingly increased1 and as he is strictly an ,american product1 no importation from ,europe can possibly supply winners1 or specially good dogs1 as is the case with almost all other breeds4 ,and the fact is demonstrated that dogs of ,a #a quality can be produced on ,american soil4 ,there are two or three subjects that demand the most careful consideration at the hands of the breeder1 and to which ,i am afraid in many cases not particular enough attention is given4 ,i refer in the first place to the question of inbreeding1 an admitted necessity in the early history of the dog1 but in the writer's estimation very harmful and much to be discouraged at the present time4 ,i will yield to no man in the belief that the fact is absolutely and scientifically true that close consanguineous breeding is the most powerful means of determining character and establishing type1 in many instances justifiable as the only correct way to fix desirable qualities1 both physical and mental1 but extreme care must be exercised that both parties to the union must be of good quality and not share the same defects1 and where it is evident that the extra good qualities on the one side more than outbalance the defects of the other1 and extreme precaution must always be paid to avoid carrying this system too far4 ,in regard to intense inbreeding1 as in the case of mating dogs from the same sire and dam1 or the bitch to her sire1 or dam to son1 ,i thing it is highly objectionable and should never under any circumstances be resorted to2 failure will ensue4 ,far better to let the bitch go by unmated and lose six months than mate her in this way because a suitable stud dog was not at the time available4 ,i believe that this inbreeding is productive of excessive nervousness1 weakness in physical form1 the impairment of breeding functions1 and the predisposition to disease in its multiform manifestations4 ,illustration3 ,edward ,axtell1 ,jr41 and ,one of ,his ,boston ,terriers ,illustration3 ,e4 ,s4 ,pollard1 ,a ,large and ,successful ,breeder ,illustration3 ,st4 ,botolph's ,mistress ,king ,that eminent authority1 ,sir ,john ,seabright1 the originator of the early race of bantams1 known as the silver and gold spangled ,seabrights1 also conducted an exhaustive series of experiments on the inbreeding of dogs and demonstrated to an absolute certainty that the system was productive of weakness1 diminished growth1 and general weediness4 ,his experiments had a world-wide reputation and the writer1 when he first visited his large estates near ,london1 little dreamed that in after years he would personally benefit by ,sir ,john's work4 ,i believe the prevailing ideas in many quarters a number of years ago1 as to the general stupidity of the ,boston terrier 7and in some isolated cases ,i believed well founded71 arose from the fact that it was popularly believed he was too much inbred4 ,i will give just one case of inbreeding in our kennels1 tried for experiment's sake1 as a warning4 ,i took the most rugged bitch ,i possessed and mated her to her sire1 a dog of equal vigor4 ,the result was six puppies1 strong1 and as handsome as a picture4 ,when two months old they were sold to different parties on the ,eastern seaboard1 from ,philadelphia up to the ,canadian line4 ,this was before the ,west had caught on to the breed4 ,about two months later ,i had a letter from ,new ,york stating that the pup was growing finely1 but that he seemed to be hard of hearing4 ,a few days after this ,i received another epistle from ,salem that the puppy ,i had sent on was believed to be stone deaf4 ,it would be superfluous to add that the purchase money was returned1 and the other four customers were notified of the condition of the others4 ,it may seem somewhat incredible1 but two out of the four stated that they believed the pups had defective hearing1 and declined to receive their money back1 and the other two stated that before my notification they had never observed that their dogs were deaf4 ,here was a case of the entire litter being perfect practically in every other respect1 and yet every one stone deaf1 and in my estimation not worth a sou4 ,as we have never had a case of deafness in our kennels before or since1 we attribute this solely to inbreeding4 ,another important feature1 little understood1 and frequently much dreaded1 is that of ,antecedent ,impressions4 ,when a bitch has been served by a dog not of her own breed it has been proven in extremely rare cases that the subsequent litters by dogs of her own kind1 showed traces 7or1 at least1 one or more of the litter did7 of the dog she was first lined by4 ,the theory by physiologists is that the life-giving germ1 implanted by the first dog1 penetrates the serous coat of the ovary1 burrows into its parenchyma1 and seeks out immature ova1 not to be ripened and discharged perhaps for years1 and to produce the modifying influence described4 ,many breeders are unwise enough to believe that a bitch the victim of misalliance is practically ruined for breeding purposes and discard her4 ,while1 of course1 we believe in the fact of ,antecedent ,impressions1 we think they are as rare as the proverbial visit of angels4 ,we have given this subject serious attention and have tried numerous experiments1 using various dogs to ward our bitches1 including a pug1 spaniel1 wire-haired fox terrier1 pointer1 and perhaps one other1 and we have never seen a trace of these matings in subsequent litters4 ,one case1 for example3 ,in another part of this book we allude to a dog spoken of by ,dr4 ,mott1 in his ,treatise of the ,boston ,terrier1 named ,muggy ,dee4 ,the grandmother of this charming little dog was bred in our kennels1 by name1 ,st4 ,botolph's ,bessie4 ,we sold her to a ,boston banker1 and she matured into a beautiful dog4 ,upon coming in season she was unfortunately warded by a spaniel on the estate1 which so disgusted her owner that he gave her to the coachman4 ,she proved a perfect gold mine to him1 as she raised two litters of elegant ideal ,bostons every twelve months for a great number of years1 and never at any time showed any result of the misalliance4 ,on the subject of ,mental ,impressions we need say but little1 as the chances of it ever taking place are so small that we merely give it a passing notice and say that in all our experience we have never been troubled with a case4 ,for the benefit of the uninitiated will briefly state that this consists of the mental impression made on the mind of a bitch by a dog with whom she has been denied sexual intercourse1 affecting the progeny resulting from the union of another dog with the bitch1 generally in regard to the color1 and this strange phenomena1 when it does occur1 is apt to mark usually one puppy of each litter4 ,a fact not generally known by breeders is that if a bitch is lined by a second dog at any time during heat1 the chances are that a second conception may take place1 resulting in two distinct sets of pups1 half-sister or brother to each other4 ,this fact we have proven4 ,there is one other important feature which must be noticed before this chapter is closed1 and that is ,predetermining the ,sex4 ,most breeders1 of course1 are anxious to have male pups predominate in a litter1 and it is a demonstrated fact that ordinary mating produces from four to ten per cent more males than females4 ,for a number of years ,i had always believed it was impossible to breed so as to attain more than the excess of males above noted1 but several years ago ,i accepted an invitation from ,mr4 ,burnett1 of ,deerfoot ,farm1 of ,southboro 7the owner of ,kate or ,gyp1 the mother of the breed71 to spend the day4 ,he was1 as will be recalled1 one of the earliest and most enthusiastic breeders of the ,boston1 and is now a scientific breeder of choice dairy stock4 ,we had been discussing a number of problems in regard to raising stock1 when he exclaimed3 ,mr4 ,axtell1 ,i believe ,i have discovered the problem of sex breeding4 ,if ,i want heifer calves1 ,i breed the cow as soon as she comes in season4 ,if a bull calf is wanted1 the cow is served just before going out of season4 ,and said he1 ,in nineteen experiments ,i have only been unsuccessful once1 and ,i think you might try the same plan with your ,bostons4 ,i have since done so1 and although not nearly the same measure of success has attended my experiments as his1 yet by breeding bitches at the close of the heat rather than at its commencement1 the number of males in a litter has materially increased4 ,again1 ,i find if a young1 vigorous dog is bred to a similar bitch1 females will predominate in the offspring1 whereas1 if the same bitch is bred to a much older dog1 an excess of males will generally occur4 ,occasionally some dogs will be met with that no matter what mated with1 will produce largely males1 and some the opposite of this will nearly always produce females1 and some bitches1 no matter how bred1 do likewise1 but these are exceptions1 and not the rule4 ,a kennel man need never worry about sex1 inasmuch as good dogs of either gender will always be in demand4 ,the law of ,selection must be carefully attended to to insure the best results4 ,choose your best and most typical bitches for breeding1 especially those that approximate rather to the bull type and are rather long in body and not too narrow in their hind quarters4 ,i do not care if the dam has a somewhat longer tail than the dog1 my experience has been that a bitch possessing a tight screw tail did not do quite as well in whelping as one having one a little longer4 ,do not consider this as suggesting that the tail is a matter of secondary importance1 by no means1 it is of primal import1 and too much attention can never be given to the production of this distinguishing mark of the dog4 ,a ,boston without a good tail is almost as worthless as a check without a signature4 ,be sure at the time of breeding the bitch is free from worms4 ,a great many are troubled whose owners are totally ignorant of the fact1 and this frequently accounts for non-success4 ,always remember that worms thrive the most when the alimentary canal is kept loaded with indigestible or half-digested food1 and that liquid foods are favorable to these pests1 while solids tend to expel them4 ,freshly powdered areca nut1 in teaspoonful doses1 and the same quantity of a mixture of oil of male fern and olive oil1 three parts oil and one part male fern oil1 ,i find are both excellent vermifuges to give to matured dogs4 ,give a dose and two days after repeat1 and this1 ,i think1 will be found generally effectual4 ,do not1 on any account1 allow the breeding stock to become too fat4 ,proper feeding and exercise1 of course1 will prevent this4 ,it will be found if this is not attended to that the organs of generation have lost their functional activity1 and if pups are produced1 are1 as a rule1 small and lack vigor4 ,my experience with ,bostons is that it is very desirable to breed them as often as they come in season2 if allowed to go by it will be found increasingly harder to get them in whelp4 ,i think a stud dog1 to last for a reasonable number of years1 should not be used more frequently than once a week4 ,i have found it pays best to give the bitch in whelp a generous feed of raw meat daily4 ,it often effectually prevents the puppy-eating habit4 ,in closing these general hints on breeding1 allow me to say there is no reason whatever1 if one has a genuine love for the dog and is thoroughly in earnest in his attentions to it1 why the breeding problem should possess any great terrors for him4 ,perhaps1 before closing this chapter1 it might be well to write on one or two matters1 practically of no special import1 but which may at times be instructive and illuminate some few incidents that may puzzle the beginner4 ,i allude first to that strange phenomena known as false heat1 to which ,bostons1 more than any other breed with which the writer is familiar1 are liable1 and which consists of the bitch coming in season between the two periods in the year when she legitimately should do so1 and after being warded by the dog1 is1 of course1 not in whelp4 ,the next is somewhat akin to this1 and consists of the fact that the bitch1 after being properly warded by a dog1 notwithstanding all the external evidences of being in whelp1 even to the possession of milk in her breasts at the expiration of the ninth week1 is not so1 neither has she been4 ,if1 in addition to the above symptoms1 and there has been unusual abdominal1 uterine1 and breast enlargement1 with a discharge of blood for several days and no pups are in evidence1 then in this case it may safely be concluded that the offspring fell victims to the puppy-eating habit1 in which case a close watch must be kept on the bitch at the next time of whelping1 as this is a curable habit generally4 ,i have had two cases to my knowledge1 both of which were cured ,i think1 largely by giving these two bitches all the raw meat they could possibly eat while in whelp4 ,one other fact1 related somewhat to the last two1 and one that the inexperienced breeder must give intelligent heed to1 is that some bitches go through the entire period of gestation without presenting a single sign of pregnancy appreciable to the ordinary observer4 ,of course1 to a dog man the facts of the case would in all probability be known1 but ,i shall have to confess1 after years of extended experience ,i myself have been deceived two or three times4 ,never give up hope until the last gun is fired4 ,i think it will generally be considered a good plan1 if the bitch is expected to whelp in the kennel she has been in the habit of occupying1 to thoroughly clean out and wash with boiling water the box or corner she will use1 to destroy all eggs and worms that may chance to be there4 ,i also deem it a good plan to rub gently into her coat and over her breasts precipitated sulphur two or three days before the expected arrival4 ,if the bitch is suffering from a severe case of constipation at this time1 a dose of castor oil will be of service1 otherwise1 let her severely alone4 ,a bitch that is in good health1 properly fed1 that has free access to good wholesome drinking water1 can safely be left without a cathartic4 ,another important fact to be observed in breeding ,bostons1 is the suitability of certain stud dogs for particular bitches4 ,it used to be my belief for a number of years1 and ,i suppose many dog men today entertain the same idea1 that a first class dog in every respect mated with a number of equally well bred typical bitches would produce on an average a comparatively uniform type of pups4 ,nothing could be further from actual results4 ,the same dog bred1 say to four females practically alike in style1 size1 conformation1 color and markings1 and from common ancestry1 will give perchance in one litter two or three crackerjacks1 and the other three will contain only medium pups4 ,this same thing will occur every time the dogs are bred4 ,this is because the bitch with the choice pups and the dog nick1 a phrase signifying that some psychological union has taken place1 not understood by man1 in which the best points of both dogs are reproduced in their offspring4 ,whenever one finds a dog eminently suited to his bitch1 do not make a change1 always breed to the same dog4 ,i am perfectly cognizant of the fact that a great temptation presents itself to want to breed to a better dog1 a noted prize winner probably1 expecting1 of course1 that inasmuch as the dam did so well with a somewhat inferior dog1 she must of necessity do correspondingly better with an ,a #a dog4 ,the reasoning is perfectly correct1 but the result does not correspond4 ,very inferior pups to her previous litter by the inferior dog surprise and disgust the owner4 ,in our kennels we have had numerous examples of this4 ,one bitch especially1 years ago1 when bred to ,buster1 always gave first class puppies of uniform type each litter1 but the same bitch bred to some noted prize winner always gave ordinary pups4 ,another bitch that at the present time is practically retiring from the puppy raising business from age1 when bred to ,hickey's ,teddy ,,iv41 always had in her litter four crackerjacks out of the seven or eight she always presented us with2 when bred to any other dog 7and we have tried her with several71 no matter how good1 never had a first class pup in the litter4 ,hence ,i repeat1 if a dog nicks with your bitch1 resulting in good pups1 do not on any account ever change4 ,let the marriage last for life4 ,somewhat closely connected with this last fact is another equally important1 the fact of prepotency in a stud dog1 consisting of the capacity on the part of the dog to transmit his share of characteristics to his offspring in a far larger degree than is imparted by the average dog4 ,those who closely follow the breed will discover how certain dogs do1 and have done in the past1 from ,barnard's ,mike down to certain dogs of the present time1 stamp the hall-mark of excellence on all the pups they sire1 in a greater or less degree4 ,happy are those owners of dams who are aware of this important fact and take pains to use in the stud dogs of this character4 ,i have sometimes wondered how much ,barnard's ,mike was worth to the breed4 ,it will be doubtless remembered by horsemen that the great trainer1 ,hiram ,woodruff1 speaking of the importation of the thoroughbred1 ,messenger1 one of the founders of the ,american trotter1 in #aghh1 said that when ,messenger charged down the gang-plank1 in landing from the ship1 the value of not less than one hundred million dollars struck our soil4 ,he would be a very courageous man who would dare compute the worth of ,mike or ,buster or ,sullivan's ,punch1 when viewed from the same standpoint4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,rearing ,,of ,,puppies4 ,assuming that the bitch has successfully whelped and all goes well1 there is practically nothing to do beyond seeing that the mother is well fed1 in which good meat1 and where there is a good sized litter of pups1 a liberal supply of milk and oatmeal gruel1 is furnished4 ,in case the mother's supply of milk is inadequate1 then a foster mother must be obtained1 or the pups brought up on a bottle4 ,if a bottle1 then a small one1 kept scrupulously clean1 with a rubber nipple that fits easily without compression4 ,the pups must be kept perfectly warm1 away from draughts1 in a basket lined with flannel1 and fed the first week every hour and a half day and night1 every two hours the second week1 and three hours in the third4 ,i find that good1 fresh cow's milk1 diluted one-quarter with warm water1 is the nearest approach to their natural food4 ,after three weeks they can be fed less frequently with a spoon1 and can readily be taught to lap up the milk4 ,where it is practical1 it is always advisable to have two or more bitches whelp together1 and then the pups are provided for if anything happens4 ,in case the bitch should lose her pups1 she must be fed sparingly and her breasts should be gently rubbed with camphorated oil to prevent caking4 ,it is not uncommon for ,boston terrier pups to be born with hare-lips1 in which case it is far better to put them to sleep at once1 as they rarely ever live and are a deformity if they do4 ,be sure that the puppies' quarters have abundance of sunshine and fresh air1 or they will never thrive as they should1 but will be prone to disease4 ,they are very much like plants in this respect4 ,when the pups are four weeks old 7,i used to commence at five1 but so many deaths have occurred in my kennels that of late ,i have commenced a week earlier71 give them a mild vermifuge for worms4 ,no matter if they do not show symptoms of harboring these pests1 do it just the same4 ,you will doubtless discover the reason very soon4 ,only those who have had experience in handling and breeding puppies are aware of their danger from worms4 ,i know of nothing more disappointing than to go to the kennel and find the fine litter of pups that looked so promising1 and on which such high hopes had been placed1 with distended stomachs and the flesh literally wasted away4 ,when this is the case do not waste a moment1 administer the vermifuge4 ,if the intestinal walls have not yet been perforated by these pests1 or too great an inflammation of the alimentary canal produced1 or convulsions occasioned by the impression of the worms upon the head center of the nervous system have not yet taken place1 the pups1 or most of them1 can be saved4 ,hence the need of taking time by the forelock and getting rid of the worms before they get in their work4 ,there are all kinds of worm medicines on the market1 and ,i have tried them all4 ,while some are all right for older pups1 many of them have proven too harsh in their effects and puppies as well as worms have been destroyed4 ,the following recipe ,i know will rid the little tots of their trouble without injuring them3 ,wormseed oil1 sixteen drops4 ,oil of turpentine1 two drops4 ,oil of anise1 sixteen drops4 ,olive oil1 three drachms4 ,castor oil1 four drachms4 ,put into a two-ounce bottle1 warm slightly1 shake well1 and give one-half teaspoonful1 floated on the same quantity of milk4 ,if the worms do not pass away1 repeat the dose the next day4 ,to those who would rather administer the dose in the form of a capsule1 then ,i strongly recommend ,spratts' ,puppy ,capsules1 except when the pups are unusually small4 ,i have just written to the ,spratts people1 telling them that their puppy capsules are too large for very small pups of the ,boston terrier breed1 and their manager has assured me he will have some made half the size4 ,i think when the pups are about seven weeks old1 when they are generally weaned1 it is good1 safe1 precautionary measure to give them another dose of worm medicine1 when we use1 ,santonine1 four grains4 ,wormseed oil1 twenty drops4 ,oil of turpentine1 three drops4 ,olive of anise1 sixteen drops4 ,olive oil1 two drachms4 ,castor oil1 six drachms4 ,warm slightly1 shake thoroughly and give one teaspoonful on an empty stomach1 and ,i think it will be found that the worms will be eliminated4 ,i have found it also a good plan every little while to give a teaspoonful of linseed oil to young dogs4 ,for several years ,i was troubled with the loss of puppies eight or nine weeks old that had been effectually freed from worms1 that seemed to gradually fade away1 as it were1 but an autopsy plainly revealed the cause4 ,the mother1 after eating a hearty meal1 would return and vomit what she had eaten on the hay which the puppies would greedily devour4 ,in so doing they swallowed some of the hay1 which effected a lodgment in the small intestines1 not being digested1 until enough was collected to cause a stoppage1 and the puppies consequently died4 ,the cause being removed1 we lost no more pups4 ,as infection is always in lurk in kennels it is1 ,i think1 always advisable to give puppies that have passed the tenth week a dose of vermifuge occasionally until after the ninth month4 ,when the kennels are kept perfectly free from fleas and other noxious insects1 during the warm weather a thorough good washing once a week is of great benefit to the growing stock1 and ,i know of no soap so good to use as the following3 #a lb4 of ,crown ,soap 7,english harness soap74 #a-b ounce of mild mercurial ointment 7commonly called by the chemists blue ointment74 #a ounce of powdered camphor4 ,mix thoroughly1 and take a very small quantity and rub into the coat1 thoroughly rinsing afterwards1 followed by careful drying4 ,every day a good brushing will be found of great benefit1 and when an extra luster is desired in the coat1 as for the show bench1 there is nothing that will do the trick as readily as to give the coat a thorough good dressing with newly ground yellow corn meal1 carefully brushing out all the particles1 which will leave the coat immaculately clean4 ,illustration3 ,champion ,yankee ,doodle ,pride ,illustration3 ,champion ,dallen's ,spider ,illustration3 ,champion ,mister ,jack ,illustration3 ,champion ,caddy ,belle ,in regard to feeding the pups after weaning1 it will be found an excellent plan to feed until ten weeks old four times a day1 from that age until six months old1 three times daily1 and from that age until maturity1 twice daily4 ,i think a good drink of milk once a day excellent1 and where there are enough fresh table scraps left to feed the pups1 nothing better can be given4 ,where the number of dogs kept is too numerous to be supplied in this way1 then a good meal of puppy biscuits in the morning1 a good meal of meat 7fresh butcher's trimmings1 not too fat1 bought daily7 with vegetables at noon and at night well cooked oatmeal or rice with milk makes an excellent safe diet4 ,good1 large bones with some meat on are always in order1 as all dogs crave1 and ,i think ought to have1 some meat raw4 ,be careful not to over feed1 and above all do not give the dogs sweets4 ,when a puppy is delicate or a shy feeder1 an egg beaten up in milk forms an excellent change1 and good fresh beef or lamb minced up will tempt the most delicate appetite4 ,give the puppies a chance to get out on the fresh grass and see what ,dr4 ,green will do for them4 ,above all see that they always have free access to pure1 cool water4 ,i frequently hear numerous complaints of dog's eyes1 especially pups that have been newly weaned1 becoming inflamed1 and in many cases small ulcers form4 ,the same thing has occasionally happened in our kennels1 and after trying practically all the eye washes on the market1 sometimes without success1 ,i applied to a friend of mine in the laboratory of the ,massachusetts ,general ,hospital and was advised by him to wash the dog's eyes two or three times a day with a ten per cent4 solution of argyrol1 which has been eminently successful4 ,for slight inflammations a boracic acid wash1 that any chemist will put up1 will usually effect a cure4 ,the several forms of skin disease which cause so much disquiet to young stock1 preventing rest and hindering growth1 are sometimes due to faults in feeding which upset the work of the assimilative organs1 and are to a great extent preventable4 ,not so those that are due to the presence of a parasite that burrows under the skin and produces that condition of the coat commonly known as mange4 ,a dog may go for some considerable time unsuspected1 but the sooner it is discovered and attended to the better1 as it is highly contagious4 ,the first thing to do is to take an equal amount of powdered sulphur and lard1 make a paste1 and rub it thoroughly into the coat of the dog and let it stay on for two days4 ,of course1 the dog will lick off all he can1 but the internal application will be good for him4 ,at the end of the second day take the dog and give him a thorough wash with good castile soap1 and after drying rub into his coat thoroughly 7care being taken that none gets into the eyes or ears7 crude petroleum4 ,let this stay on one day1 and without washing take this time enough benzine and powdered sulphur to make a paste and rub in as before4 ,it will be found that this has penetrated deeper than the lard and sulphur did and has doubtless reached the parasites4 ,repeat this twice1 washing in between1 after which give the dog a good dressing of petroleum once a day for a week1 followed by a week's anointing with the benzine1 and dollars to doughnuts1 the dog's coat will come out all right4 ,a good dressing to be applied occasionally afterwards1 well rubbed into the skin1 is composed of equal parts of castor1 olive and kerosene oils1 thoroughly mixed4 ,if the hair has long been off apply the tincture of cantharides1 or the sulphate of quinine to the bald spots1 taking care the dog does not lick it with his tongue4 ,these two remedies are best used in the form of an ointment1 twice a day4 ,in regard to fleas or lice on the young stock1 a good wash in not too strong a solution of any of the standard tar products is usually perfectly effectual4 ,one other disease1 and that the most deadly of all1 remains to be considered1 viz41 distemper4 ,this is largely contracted at the dog shows1 or being brought into contact with dogs suffering from the disease4 ,i do not believe it is ever spontaneous1 and dogs kept away from infected stock will be exempt4 ,well do ,i remember my first dose of it4 ,i had loaned a friend of mine a young dog raised by him to show1 as he was trying for a prize for ,druid ,merk as a stud dog4 ,the dog in question1 ,merk ,jr41 came back from the show rather depressed1 and in a few days ,i had my entire kennel down with the disease4 ,it was in the spring of the year1 cold and damp1 and ,i succeeded in saving just one of the young dogs and ,merk ,jr4 ,after a thorough fumigation with a great quantity of sulphur ,i managed to get the kennels disinfected1 and did not have an outbreak again for several years4 ,a bitch sent to be bred where a case of distemper existed1 unknown to me1 of course1 brought it to my place again1 and ,i had the same unfortunate experience over again2 fortunately this time it was in the early fall1 and weather conditions being auspicious1 we lost only about twenty-five per cent4 of young stock4 ,by extreme vigilance1 in knowing the conditions of the kennels where bitches were sent for service1 we succeeded in escaping an attack for several years1 when an old bitch that had had distemper several years previously1 brought back the germs in her coat from a kennel where two young dogs1 just home from the ,boston show1 were sick with the disease4 ,this was in the spring1 the weather was wet and cold1 and a loss of practically fifty per cent4 ensued4 ,one very interesting and peculiar feature of the last attack was1 that half the dogs sick were given the best medical treatment possible1 with a loss of one-half2 the other half were not given any medicine whatever1 and the same proportion died4 ,of course1 all had the best of care1 nursing1 and strict attention to diet paid4 ,i was very much gratified to observe that in these three attacks we have never had a dog that had a recurrence of the disease1 and what is of far greater importance1 have never had any after ill effect 7with one solitary exception1 when a bitch was left with a slight twitching of one leg7 in the shape of the number of ailments that frequently follow1 and in all cases after the disease had run its course the dogs seemed in a short time as vigorous as ever4 ,this we attribute solely to the strong1 vigorous constitutions the dogs possessed4 ,a breeder who raises many dogs will have a very difficult feat to accomplish if he aspires to enter the show ring also4 ,in our case we were convinced at the start that these two would not go together4 ,when one considers that dogs returning from shows frequently carry the germs in their coats1 and even the crates become affected1 and while not suffering from the disease themselves1 will readily convey it to the occupants of the kennel they come in contact with1 also that the kennel man 7unless a separate man has charge of infected stock exclusively7 can readily carry the germs on his hands1 person and clothing1 it will instantly be perceived what a risk attends the combined breeding and showing4 ,i think it pays best in the long run to keep these two branches of the business separate4 ,the temptation to exhibit will be very strong1 but before doing so1 count the cost1 especially if much valuable young stock is in the kennels4 ,in regard to the treatment of this much dreaded disease1 there are a number of remedies on the market1 one especially that has lately come out1 viz41 ,moore's ,toxin1 which claims to effect a cure1 but having never used it can not give a personal endorsement4 ,whatever remedy is tried1 remember that good nursing1 a suitable diet1 and strict hygienic measures must be given4 ,feed generously of raw eggs1 beaten up in milk1 in which a few drops of good brandy are added1 every few hours1 and nourishing broths and gruels may be given for a change4 ,if the eyes are affected then the boracic acid wash2 if the nose is stopped up1 then a good steaming from the kettle4 ,while the dog must have plenty of fresh air1 be sure to avoid draughts4 ,when the lungs and bronchial tubes are affected1 then put flannels wrung out of hot ,arabian balsam around neck and chest1 and give suitable doses of cod liver oil4 ,if the disease is principally seated in the intestines1 then give once a day a teaspoonful of castor oil1 and the dog should be fed with arrow root gruel1 made with plenty of good milk1 and a very little lean meat 7beef1 mutton1 or chicken71 once a day4 ,when the dog is on the high road to recovery be very careful he does not get cold1 or pneumonia is almost certain to ensue4 ,do not forget a thorough fumigation of the kennels1 and all utensils1 with sulphur4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,breeding ,,for ,,size4 ,when ,i joined the ,boston ,terrier ,club in #ahie1 there were two classes for weight--the light weight1 from #ae to #bc pounds1 and the heavy weight1 from #bc to #cj pounds1 inclusive4 ,this1 of course1 has been changed since to three classes--the light weight1 #ab and not to exceed #ag pounds2 middle weight class1 #ag and not to exceed #bb pounds1 and heavy weight1 #bb and not to exceed #bh pounds and a class1 for ,toys1 weighing under twelve pounds1 has been added4 ,the ,boston terrier dog was never intended1 in the writer's estimation1 to be a dog to be carried in one's pocket1 but such an one as the standard calls for1 and which the oldest breeders have persistently and consistently bred4 ,to my mind the ideal dog is one weighing from #ae pounds for my lady's parlor1 to #bj or #be pounds for the dog intended as a man's companion1 suitable to tackle any kind of vermin1 and to be an ideal watch dog in the house should any knights of the dark lantern make their nocturnal calls4 ,during the past few years we have had 7in common1 ,i suppose1 with all large breeders71 a great many orders for first class dogs1 typical in every respect1 weighing from #cj to #dj pounds4 ,the constant tendency among men of wealth today is to move from the city onto country estates1 where they stay the greater part of the year1 and in many cases all the time4 ,they are looking for first class watch dogs that can be kept in the house or stable1 that are thoroughly reliable1 that do not bring too much mud in on their coats1 that do not cover the furniture with long hairs1 that are vigorous enough to follow on a horseback ride1 and which will not wander from home4 ,i was in the company of a party of gentlemen the other day who had bought a number of estates in a town twenty miles from ,boston1 and the subject of a suitable breed of dogs for their residences was under discussion4 ,all the fashionable breeds were gone over1 some were objected to because they barked too much1 others because of their propensity to rush out at teams2 some that their coats were too long and they brought a great deal of mud1 etc41 in1 and still others that their fighting disposition was too pronounced1 but they all agreed that a good-sized1 vigorous1 good natured ,boston terrier just about filled the bill4 ,said the nephew of ,senator ,henry ,cabot ,lodge to me last week3 ,edward1 ,i want a ,boston big enough to take care of himself if anything happens1 and of me also1 if necessary1 weighing about #ce pounds4 ,a ,boston banker1 who has a large place in the country1 would not take two dogs weighing under #ce pounds4 ,last week ,i received a letter from a ,mr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,bogert1 of the firm of ,bogert1 ,maltby ,co41 commission grain merchants1 ,chicago1 ordering a very heavy weight dog of kindly disposition and good blood4 ,i can get out here any number of light weight dogs1 but ,i do not like them4 ,kindly send me what you think will suit me4 ,these are only a few sample cases1 and ,i can say that my orders today call for more first class heavy weight dogs than for any other size4 ,this is1 of course1 a comparatively new feature1 but all up to date breeders will see the necessity of being able to fill this class of orders4 ,the small sized toys will always be in demand1 as they make ideal little pets1 suitable eminently for a city flat or an apartment house1 to be carried by the lady in her carriage1 or to accompany her in her walks1 and they make first rate playmates for children4 ,this class is by far the hardest to breed4 ,for best results mate a bitch weighing about fifteen pounds1 that comes from a numerous litter1 to a twelve-pound dog that comes from small ancestry4 ,some of the pups are bound to be small4 ,one important feature in the production of small pups is this3 ,bitches that whelp in the fall1 the smallest pups are raised from1 especially if the pups are fed a somewhat restricted diet1 whereas puppies that are raised in the spring1 that are generously fed1 and have vigorous exercise in the sunshine1 attain a far greater size4 ,a great many breeders underfeed their young stock to stop growth1 which ,i believe to be a very grave mistake4 ,there is no question whatever it accomplishes the result wished1 but at the expense of stamina and a fine1 generous disposition4 ,the pups from stock advanced in years1 or from bitches excessively fat are very apt to run small1 as are also the offspring of inbred parents4 ,one very important fact in regard to breeding for large sized dogs to be considered is this3 ,while a great many breeders always select for the production of large pups large bitches and dogs1 yet experience has proven that the majority of big ones have been the offspring of medium sized dams that were bred to strong1 heavy-boned dogs of substance4 ,i bred a bitch weighing twenty pounds to a large bull terrier that weighed forty-five pounds for an experiment1 and the pups1 five in number1 weighed at maturity from thirty-five to forty pounds1 with noses and tails nearly as long as their sire's1 and his color1 but were very nice in their disposition1 and were given away for stable dogs4 ,progressive up-to-date kennel men will see that they have on hand not only the three classes called for by the standard1 but the fourth class1 so to speak1 that ,i have mentioned above1 those weighing anywhere from thirty to forty pounds4 ,quite a number of breeders in the past have put in the kennel pail at birth extra large pups that they thought would mature too large to sell1 but they need do so no longer4 ,this precaution must always be taken where there are one or more of these large size puppies1 viz41 to look out that they do not get more than their proportionate share of the milk1 or later the food1 as they are very apt to crowd out the others4 ,remember that the ,boston terrier of whatever size will always hold his own as a companion1 a dog that can be talked to and caressed1 for between the dog and his owner will always be found a bond of affection and sympathetic understanding4 ,illustration3 ,prince ,lutana ,illustration3 ,champion ,fosco ,illustration3 ,pop ,benson with ,bunny ,,ii ,illustration3 ,sir ,barney ,blue ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,breeding ,,for ,,good ,,disposition4 ,this1 to my mind1 is the most important feature in the breeding of the dog that demands the most careful attention4 ,if the disposition of the dog is not all that can be desired1 of what avail is superb constitution1 an ideal conformation and beautiful color and markings8 ,better by far obtain the most pronounced mongrel that roams the street that shows a loving1 generous nature if he cost his weight in gold1 than take as a gift the most royally bred ,boston that could not be depended upon at all times and under all circumstances to manifest a perfect disposition4 ,a short time ago ,i went to visit a noted pack of ,english fox hounds4 ,one beautiful dog especially1 took my eye1 a strong1 vigorous1 noble-looking fellow1 and on my asking the kennel man1 a quaint old ,scotchman1 if he would let the dog out for me to see1 he replied3 ,why1 certainly1 ,mr4 ,axtell1 that dog is ,dashwood1 he is a perfect gentleman1 and this is what all ,boston terriers should be4 ,of course1 ,i am speaking of the well bred1 properly trained1 blue blooded dog1 not the mongrel that so often masquerades under his name4 ,still1 as there are black sheep in every family1 a dog showing an ugly1 snapping1 quarrelsome disposition will occasionally be met with which1 to the shame of the owner1 is not mercifully put out of the way and buried so deep that he can not be scratched up1 but is allowed to perpetuate his or her own kind to the everlasting detriment of the breed4 ,how many a one has come away from a dog show utterly disgusted with perhaps one of the best looking dogs on the bench1 who1 after admiring its attractiveness in every detail1 discovers on too near an approach to him that he possesses a snappy1 vicious disposition8 ,i am perfectly well aware that due allowance must be made for the unnatural excitement that surrounds a dog1 perhaps for the first time shown1 away from all he knows1 and surrounded by strange noises and faces4 ,yet ,i consider it an outrage on the public who give their time and pay their money1 to subject them to any risk of being bitten by any dog1 ,i care not of what breed it may be4 ,at a recent show in ,boston1 in company with three or four gentlemen1 ,i was admiring a very handsome looking ,boston1 a candidate for high honors1 when his owner called out to me3 ,mr4 ,axtell1 do not go too near him or he will bite your fingers off4 ,i replied3 ,you need not advise an old dog man like me2 ,i can tell by the look of his eye what he would do if given a chance4 ,you have no right whatever to show such a dog4 ,since then ,i went to the kennels where a noted prize winner is placed at public stud1 and he showed such a vicious disposition and attempt to bite through the bars of his pen that the attendant had to cover the bars over with a blanket4 ,such dogs as these should be given at once a sufficient amount of chloroform and a suitable burial without mourners4 ,if a man must keep such a brute1 then a strong chain and a secure place where his owner alone can visit him is absolutely imperative4 ,boston terriers1 of all breeds1 must possess perfect dispositions if they are to maintain their present popularity2 and yet1 how many unscrupulous breeders and dealers are palming off upon a confiding public dogs which1 instead of being put away 7,i think that is the general term they use7 should be put under so much solid mother earth that no one would suspect their interment4 ,i know it takes considerable grit and force of character to cheerfully put to sleep a dog for which perhaps a large sum of money has been paid1 that has developed an uncertain1 snappy disposition1 yet it pays so to do2 honesty is not alone the best policy1 but the only one4 ,in my experience as a dog man ,i could give many personal incidents concerning the sale of vicious dogs1 but for space sake one must suffice4 ,last year a ,chicago banker sent me an order for a dog similar in style and disposition to the one ,i had sold him a few years previously1 to go to his niece1 a young lady staying for treatment at a large sanatorium in southern ,massachusetts4 ,i replied that ,i had not in my kennels a large enough dog to suit1 but that ,i knew a dealer who possessed a fairly good reputation who had1 and would get him for him if he would run the chances4 ,this was satisfactory1 and ,i bought the dog4 ,he was guaranteed to me as all right in every way1 but ,i felt somewhat suspicious1 as the price was very low for a dog of his style4 ,i kept him with me for a week and saw no outs whatever about him1 and practically concluded my suspicions were unfounded4 ,upon taking the dog personally to the young lady in question1 ,i told her his history as far as ,i knew it1 and also that while ,i could give her the dealer's guarantee of the dog ,i could not of course1 endorse it1 but that if she cared to run the risk she could have the dog on approval as long as she wished4 ,i said in warning that there was something about his eye that did not altogether strike my fancy1 and that if he showed the least symptom of being anything but affectionate1 to ship him to my kennels in ,cliftondale immediately4 ,as he was a handsome dog1 with beautiful color1 ,i could see she wanted him at once1 and the dog seemed to take to her in an even greater degree4 ,i received a letter from her in a week's time1 saying how perfectly satisfactory the dog was in every way1 and what a general favorite he had become with the lady patients there1 several of whom would like me to get one like him for them4 ,i need not say how pleased ,i was to hear this1 but what was my surprise to receive a letter the next day asking me to send at once for the dog1 as he had bitten the matron4 ,you may depend that neither she nor any other of the inmates there would ever want to see a ,boston again1 and who would want them to8 ,of course ,i lost my money1 but that is not worth mentioning4 ,the sorrow ,i felt stays by me today4 ,i sent for the dog and kept him at my kennels for five months1 taking care of him myself and never letting him out of my sight1 during which time he was as gentle as a kitten1 until one day a young dog man came down into the yard1 and the dog1 for some unaccountable reason1 as in the case of the matron1 jumped on him and took hold of his sleeve4 ,the man1 being accustomed to dogs1 was fortunately not scared4 ,this explained the low price of the dog1 and it is needless to add1 he ornamented my kennels no longer4 ,i can only state in connection with this that that dealer has sold very few dogs since4 ,i never purchase a dog now1 unless ,i know the man from whom ,i buy4 ,how to breed dogs possessing an ideal disposition is the all-important question1 and ,i give the rules as followed in our kennels with complete success4 ,breed only from stock that you know comes from an ancestry noted for this particular feature4 ,many dogs are naturally of an affectionate nature1 but have been made snappish by ill treatment1 or teasing4 ,this can be bred out by judicious care1 but where a vicious tendency is hereditary1 look out for trouble ahead4 ,damages for dog bites come high1 and he must be either a very rich man1 or a very poor one1 that can afford to keep this kind of stock4 ,use only thoroughly healthy stock2 disease is often productive of an uneven1 sullen disposition4 ,see that the bitch especially never shows a tendency to be cross or snappy4 ,the male dog usually controls the shape1 color and markings1 and the dam the constitution and disposition4 ,hence it is1 if anything1 of more importance that the female should be strong in this feature than the male1 although the male1 of course1 should be first class also4 ,so well known is this physiological fact that breeders of standard bred horses1 particularly hunters and carriage horses1 will never breed a vicious mare to a quiet stallion1 and yet they are generally willing to risk breeding a quiet mare to a stallion not as good in this respect4 ,the education of the puppies should begin as soon as they can run around4 ,very much depends upon a right start4 ,we are admonished to train up a child in the way he should go1 and this applies with equal force to the dog4 ,treat them with the utmost kindness1 but with a firm hand4 ,be sure they are taught to mind when spoken to1 and never fail to correct at once when necessary4 ,a stitch in time saves many times nine4 ,a habit once formed is hard to break4 ,never be harsh with them2 never whip2 remember that judicious kindness with firmness is far more effective with dogs1 as with children4 ,be sure to accustom them to mingle with people and children1 and introduce them as early as possible to the sights of the street1 to go on ahead1 and to come at your call4 ,prevent the pernicious habit of running and barking at teams1 etc41 and other dogs4 ,the time to check these habits as aforesaid is before they become fixed4 ,if1 after all these pains1 you see a dog show the slightest disposition to be vicious1 then do not hesitate to send him at once by a humane transit to dog heaven4 ,by thus continuously breeding a strain of dogs with an affectionate nature and the elimination of any that show the least deviation from the same1 in a short time kennels can be established whose dogs will not only be a source of supreme satisfaction to the owner1 but will be the best advertisers of said kennels wherever they go4 ,it will readily be admitted by all who have given the matter any consideration that a dog of an affectionate nature1 whose fidelity has always been constant1 and whose devotion to its owner has always under all circumstances been perfectly sincere and lasting1 makes an appeal to something that is inherent in human nature4 ,the fact of the case is that the love of such a dog is imbedded in the soul of every normal man and woman who have red blood in their veins4 ,i think it is instinctive1 and has its foundation in the fact that from the beginning of time he has ministered to man's necessities1 and has accompanied him as his best friend on man's upward march to civilization and enlightenment4 ,there may be races of people who have never known the dog1 but ,i very much question if1 after they have made his acquaintance1 they fail to appreciate his desirable qualities1 and to conceive for him both esteem and affection4 ,illustration3 ,champion ,lady ,dainty ,illustration3 ,champion ,todd ,boy ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,breeding ,,for ,a ,,vigorous ,,constitution4 ,i think there never was a time in the history of the breed when this particular feature needed more thoughtful1 systematic and scientific attention devoted to it than now4 ,for the past few years breeders have been straining every nerve1 and leaving no stone unturned1 to produce small stock1 toys1 in fact1 and everyone realizes1 who has given the question thoughtful consideration1 that this line of breeding has been at the expense of the vigor1 and indirectly largely of a beautiful disposition1 of the dog1 to say nothing of the financial loss that must inevitably ensue4 ,said an old ,boston terrier man 7,mr4 ,barnard7 at a recent show3 ,mr4 ,axtell1 if they keep on breeding at this rate1 it won't be long before they produce a race of black and tans4 ,in my estimation it will not be black and tan terriers1 but nothing4 ,it will be productive of a line of bitches that are either barren1 or so small that they can not possibly whelp without the aid of a ,vet4 ,one does not have to look very far to discover numbers of men who started in the breeding of the ,american dog with high hopes and enthusiastic endeavors to success1 who have fallen by the wayside1 owing largely to the fact that proper attention was not paid to the selection of suitable breeding stock1 especially the matrons4 ,said a man to me last year3 ,much as ,i love the dog1 and crazy as ,i am to raise some good pups1 ,i have given up for all time trying to breed ,boston terriers4 ,i have lost eight bitches in succession whelping4 ,we have all of us been there and quite a number of us many a time4 ,in order to obtain strong1 vigorous puppies that will live and develop into dogs that will be noted for vigorous constitutions1 we shall simply1 and in language that can be readily understood by the novice as well as the established breeder1 lay down the rules that a quarter of a century has demonstrated to be the correct ones for the attainment of the same as used in our kennels4 ,as all puppies that leave our place are sold with the guarantee of reaching maturity 7unless shown1 when we take no risks whatever in regard to distemper1 mange1 etc471 it will readily be seen that they must have a first class start1 and must of necessity be the progeny of stock possessing first class vigor and the quality of being able to transmit the same to their offspring4 ,an ounce of experience is worth many tons of theory1 and it is1 then1 with pleasure we give the system pursued by us1 feeling certain that the same measure of success will attend others that will take the necessary pains to attain the same1 and they will be spared the many pitfalls and mistakes that have necessarily been ours before we acquired our present knowledge4 ,it has been for a number of years 7starting as we did when the breed was in its infancy1 and only the intense love of the dog1 coupled with an extensive leisure1 which enabled us to devote a great deal of attention to important and scientific experiments1 have enabled us to arrive where we are71 an uphill road1 the breeding problems have had to be solved at the outlay of brains1 patience and considerable money4 ,unlike any established breed1 there was practically no data to fall back on1 no books of instruction to follow1 but if the pioneer work has been arduous the results obtained have far outbalanced it1 and the dog today stands as a monument to all the faithful1 conscientious and determined body of men who would never acknowledge defeat1 but who1 in spite of all discouragements from all quarters1 and from many where it should have been least expected1 have pressed forward until they find the object of their unfailing endeavors the supreme favorite in dogdom the continent over4 ,in the first place1 in the attainment of vigorous puppies1 we state the bitches selected are of primary importance1 in our view1 as already stated1 far more so than the sire4 ,for best results we choose a bitch weighing from fifteen to twenty-five pounds4 ,if they happen to weigh over this we do not consider it any detriment whatever1 rather otherwise4 ,always select said matrons from litters that have been large1 bred from strong1 vigorous stock1 thoroughly matured1 and that have been bred by reliable 7we speak advisedly7 men for several generations if possible4 ,if one can1 obtain from kennels that while perfectly comfortable1 have not been supplied with artificial heat4 ,there is more in this than appears on the surface4 ,dogs that have been coddled and brought up around a stove rarely have stamina and vitality enough to enable them to live the number of years they are entitled to1 and fall a ready victim to the first serious trouble1 whether distemper1 or the many and one ills that beset their path4 ,intelligent breeders of all kinds of stock today recognize the value of fresh air and unlimited sunshine1 and if best results are to be obtained these two things are imperative4 ,i was very much interested in the prize herd of ,hereford cattle owned by ,mr4 ,joseph ,rowlands1 near ,worcester1 ,england1 and conceded by experts to be the best in that country1 and to learn that for a number of years the herd 7over one hundred in number7 have been kept in the open1 the cows being placed in the barn for a few days at calving1 and that the prize winning bull that heads the herd1 ,tumbler1 is sixteen years old1 and still used1 and it is stated by ,mr4 ,rowlands is producing as good stock today as ever4 ,the significant fact about this herd is1 they are and have been perfectly free from tuberculosis4 ,another herd of ,jerseys 7although not prize winners7 are kept near there1 under precisely the same conditions with similar results4 ,a breeder of prize winning ,belgian hares has kept these for a number of years without artificial heat1 with the best of results with freedom from disease1 and the attainment of strong1 robust constitutions4 ,when puppies are four months old 7in the winter time7 they should be placed in well built kennels1 without artificial heat4 7,of course1 this does not apply to a colder latitude than ,massachusetts47 ,the reason for choosing bitches that come from dams noted for their large litters is this3 the chances are 7if the dog bred to comes from a similar litter7 that they will inherit the propensity to give birth to large litters themselves1 and the pups will necessarily be smaller than when only one or two pups are born4 ,the bitch that has but that number runs an awful risk1 especially if she has been well fed4 ,the pups will be large and the dam has great difficulty in whelping4 ,if toy bitches are bred1 look out for breakers ahead2 only a very small per cent4 live to play with their little ones4 ,a toy bitch1 bred to a toy dog1 will frequently have but one pup1 and that quite a large one in proportion to the size of parents4 ,when a toy bitch is bred1 attend carefully to these three things4 ,see that the dog used is small in himself1 comes from small stock1 and does not possess too large a head4 ,secondly1 be sure the bitch is kept in rather poor condition1 in other words1 not too fat2 and thirdly1 and this is the most important of all1 see that she has all the natural exercise she can be induced to take4 ,these conditions strictly and faithfully adhered to may result in success4 ,in the next place1 the consideration of the dog to be used is in order4 ,whether he be a first prize winner or an equally good dog that has never been shown 7and the proportion of the best raised dogs that appear on the bench is very small7 insist on the following rules3 ,be sure that the dog is typical with first class constitution1 vigorous1 and possessing an ideal disposition1 and what is of the utmost importance1 that he comes from a line of ancestry eminently noted for these characteristics4 ,breed to no other1 though he were a winner of a thousand first prizes4 ,i prefer a symmetrical dog weighing from sixteen to twenty pounds1 rather finer in his make-up than the bitch1 and possessing the indefinable quality of style1 and evidences in his make-up courage and a fine1 open1 generous temperament4 ,do not breed to a dog that is overworked in the stud1 kept on a board floor chained up in a kennel or barn1 and never given a chance to properly exercise4 ,if you do the chances are that one of three things will happen3 the bitch will not be in whelp 7the most likely result7 the pups1 or some of them will be born dead1 and one runs an awful risk of the bitch dying1 or1 if alive at birth1 a very small per cent4 only of the pups will live to reach maturity4 ,i think ,boston terriers are particularly susceptible to worms or distemper1 and it is absolutely imperative that they should not be handicapped at the onset4 ,one other very important factor is natural exercise for the bitch4 ,unless one is willing to take the necessary pains to give her this1 give up all expectation of ever succeeding in raising puppies4 ,illustration3 ,champion ,willowbrook ,glory ,illustration3 ,squantum ,punch ,illustration3 ,tony ,ringmaster ,someone asked a noted critic whom he considered the best singer he had ever heard1 and he answered1 ,patti4 ,in being asked who came next1 he replied1 ,patti2 and on being questioned who was his third choice1 gave the same answer4 ,were ,i asked the three most important essentials for the success of the brood bitch1 ,i should say1 ,exercise1 exercise1 exercise4 ,by this ,i do not mean leading with a chain1 running behind a horse or team1 but the natural exercise a bitch will take if left to her own devices4 ,nature has provided an infallible monitor to direct the dog the best amount to take1 and when to take it4 ,one of the best bitches ,i ever possessed was one weighing fourteen pounds by the original ,tony ,boy 7one of the best little dogs that ever lived7 out of a bitch by ,torrey's ,ned1 by ,a4 ,goode's ,ned4 ,her name was ,lottie1 and she had thirteen litters and raised over ninety per cent4 ,those who have read that interesting little book on the ,boston ,terrier1 by the late ,dr4 ,mott1 will readily recall the genial ,doctor speaking of the first ,boston he ever owned1 named ,muggy ,dee1 and how intelligent he was1 and what a number of tricks the ,doctor taught him1 will be interested to know that ,lottie was his great-grandmother1 and she was equally intelligent4 ,we had several bitches by the celebrated ,mr4 ,mullen's ,boxer out of her1 7this is going back to ancient history71 one of which1 ,brownie1 was1 to my fancy1 the nicest dog we ever had4 ,she1 with the rest of the litter1 had the run of several hundred acres1 and many times ,i did not see them for days together4 ,they went in and out of the hayloft at pleasure1 and spent the greater part of their time hunting and digging out skunks and woodchucks which were quite thick in the woods back of us at that time4 ,i remember the first time ,brownie was bred to that king of sires1 ,buster1 owned by ,alex4 ,goode 7than whom a more loyal ,boston terrier man never lived71 and ,i was rather anxious to see the litter when it arrived1 as from the mating ,i expected crackerjacks4 ,i had not seen her or her mother for two or three days1 but the time for whelping having arrived1 was keeping a close watch on the stable4 ,about dusk she came in with ,lottie1 and in a short time gave birth to four of the most vigorous1 perfectly formed little tots ,i had ever seen4 ,each one proved to be good enough to show1 although only one was sold to an exhibitor1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,rawson1 the rest going into private hands4 ,druid ,pero was shown in ,new ,york in #ahih1 taking first prize and silver cup for best in his class1 but ,i think his brother1 ,caddie1 beat him1 his owner1 a ,boston banker1 being offered a number of times ten times the sum he paid for him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the day after ,brownie whelped she and her mother went off for an hour or so1 and they finished digging out ,mr4 ,skunk 7which the attention to her maternal duties necessitated a postponement of71 the old dog dragging him home in triumph4 ,i attribute the success these dogs1 in common with the rest of the bitches in the kennels who had similar advantages1 had in whelping and the rearing of their young to the fact that they always had unlimited natural exercise4 ,i can enumerate scores of cases similar to these attended with equally good results1 if space permitted4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in regard to mating1 one service1 if properly performed1 is usually enough1 if the bitch is ready to take the dog4 ,if a bitch should fail to be in whelp ,i should advise the next time she comes in season two or even three visits to the dog1 and where convenient ,i should suggest a different dog this time4 ,in case this time these services were unsuccessful1 then ,i should suggest the course that breeders of thoroughbred horses pursue1 viz41 to let the female run with the male for three or four days together4 ,there are many things connected with breeding that we do not understand1 and frequently going back to nature1 as in this case1 is productive of results when all else fails4 ,one very important factor in the production of strong1 rugged pups that live1 is good feeding4 ,do not imagine that feeding dog biscuits to the bitch in whelp will give good results1 it will not2 she needs meat and vegetables once a day4 ,biscuits are all right as a supplementary food1 but that is all4 ,meat is the natural food for a dog1 and it is a wise kennel man that can improve on nature4 ,be sure the meat is free from taint1 especially at this time and when the bitch is nursing pups4 ,the gastric juice of a dog's stomach is a great germicide1 but there is a limit4 ,be certain the dogs have a plentiful supply of good1 pure water4 ,this is of far more importance than many people imagine4 ,do not administer drugs of any description to your dogs1 except in the case of a good vermifuge1 if they are harboring worms1 and a proper dose of castor oil if constipated4 ,if the dog at any time is sick1 consult a good veterinary accustomed to dogs1 not one who has practiced entirely on horses or cows4 ,if a bitch1 at the time of whelping1 is much distressed and can not proceed1 get a veterinary and get him quick4 ,when the pups arrive1 if all is well and they are able to nurse1 let them severely alone4 ,if they are very weak they will have to be assisted to suckle--do not delay attention in this case4 ,be sure the box the bitch whelped in is large enough for her to turn around in1 and do not use any material in the nest that the pups can get entangled with4 ,my advice to breeders is1 if the bitch is fully formed and grown to her full proportions1 to breed the first time she comes in season4 ,she will have an easier time whelping than when she is older4 ,if delicate or immature1 delay breeding till the next time4 ,do not use a dog in the stud until he is a year and a half old for best results2 they will1 of course1 sire pups at a year or younger1 but better wait4 ,to those people who live in the city1 or where a kennel can not be established for want of adequate room to give the dogs the necessary exercise1 an excellent plan to follow is one adopted by an acquaintance of mine1 and followed by him for a number of years with a good measure of success4 ,he owns one or two good stud dogs that he keeps at his home1 and he has put out on different farms1 within a radius of ten miles of ,boston1 one bitch at each place1 and pays the farmer 7who is only too glad to have this source of income at the outlay of so little trouble and expense7 one hundred dollars for each litter of pups the bitch has1 the farmer to deliver the pups when required1 usually when three months old4 ,the farmer brings in the bitch to be bred1 and the owner has no further trouble4 ,the pups1 when delivered1 are usually in the pink of condition and are1 in a great measure1 house broken1 and their manners to a certain extent cultivated4 ,he has no trouble whatever with pups when ordered1 as he simply sends the address of customers and the farmer ships them4 ,this1 to me1 is a very uninteresting and somewhat mercenary way of doing business1 as one misses all the charm of breeding and the bringing up of the little tots1 to many of us the most delightful part of the business4 ,to those breeders who have newly started in1 do not get discouraged if success does not immediately crown your efforts2 remember1 if ,boston terriers could be raised as easily as other dogs1 the prices would immediately drop to the others' level4 ,illustration3 ,goode's ,buster ,illustration3 ,champion ,whisper ,illustration3 ,champion ,druid ,vixen ,illustration3 ,champion ,remlik ,bonnie ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,breeding ,,for ,,color ,,and ,,markings4 ,every one who has a ,boston terrier for sale knows that a handsome seal or mahogany brindle with correct markings1 with plenty of luster in the coat1 provided all other things are equal1 sells more readily at a far higher price than any other4 ,when one considers the number of points given in the standard for this particular feature1 and the very important factor it occupies in the sale of the dog1 too much attention cannot be given by breeders for the attainment of this desideratum4 ,i am1 of course1 thoroughly in sympathy with the absolute justice that should always prevail in the show ring in the consideration of the place color and markings occupy in scoring a candidate for awards4 ,twelve points are allowed in the standard for these1 and any dog1 ,i care not whether it be black1 white1 gray1 or grizzled1 that scored thirteen points over the most perfectly marked dog1 should be awarded the prize4 ,but be it ever remembered that the show ring and the selling of a dog are two separate and distinct propositions4 ,in the writer's opinion and experience a wide gulf opens up between a perfect white or black dog comporting absolutely to the standard1 and one of desirable color and markings that is off a number of points4 ,i have always found a white1 black1 mouse1 or liver colored dog1 ,i care not how good in every other respect1 almost impossible to get rid of at any decent price4 ,people simply would not take them4 ,perhaps my experience has run counter to others4 ,i trust it may have done so1 but candor compels me to make this statement4 ,i find that this condition of things is somewhat misleading1 especially to beginners in the breed4 ,they have seen the awards made in the shows 7with absolute justice1 as already stated71 and have naturally inferred that in consequence of this1 breeding for desirable colors was not of paramount importance after all4 ,only a month or two ago an article appeared in a charming little dog magazine1 written evidently by an amateur1 on this question of color and markings4 ,he had visited the ,boston ,terrier ,club show last ,november1 and speaking of seal brindles1 said3 ,if this color is so very desirable it seems strange that so few were seen1 and that so many of the leading terriers were black and white1 and some white entirely1 then follows his deduction1 viz41 the tendency evidently is that color is immaterial with the best judges1 so that a breeder is foolish to waste his time on side issues which are not material4 ,i can only state in passing that if he had a number of dogs on hand that were of the colors he specifies1 black and white1 and some white entirely1 it would doubtless seem strange to him why they persisted in remaining on his hands as if he had given each one an extra bath in ,le ,page's liquid glue4 ,pitfalls beset the path of the beginner and this book is written largely to avoid them4 ,when one reads or hears the statement made that color and markings are of secondary consideration or even less1 take warning4 ,the reader's pardon will now have to be craved for the apparent egotism evidenced by the writer in speaking of himself in a way that only indirectly concerns canine matters1 but which has a bearing on this very important question of color1 and partially1 at least1 explains why this particular feature of the breeding of the ,boston terrier has appealed to him so prominently4 ,my father was a wholesale merchant in straw goods1 and had extensive dye works and bleacheries where the straw1 silk and cotton braids were colored4 ,as a youngster ,i used to take great delight in watching the dyers and bleachers preparing their different colors and shades1 etc41 and was anxious to see the results obtained by the different chemical combinations4 ,when a young man1 while studying animal physiology under the direction of the eminent scientist1 ,professor ,huxley1 whose diploma ,i value most highly1 ,i made a number of extended scientific experiments in color breeding in poultry and rabbits1 so that when ,i took up breeding ,boston terriers later in life this feature particularly attracted me4 ,i was predisposed1 as a physician says of a case where the infection is certain1 hence ,i offer no apology whatever for the assertion that this chapter is scientifically correct in the rules laid down for the breeding to attain desirable shades and markings4 ,when we first commenced breeding ,bostons in #ahhe1 the prevailing shades were a rather light golden brindle 7often a yellow71 and mahogany brindles1 and quite a considerable number had a great deal of white4 ,then three shades were debarred1 viz41 black1 mouse and liver1 and although years after the ,boston ,terrier ,club removed this embargo1 they still remain very undesirable colors4 ,the rich mahogany brindle next became the fashionable color 7and personally ,i consider it the most beautiful shade71 and ,mr4 ,a4 ,goode with ,champion ,monte and ,mr4 ,rawson with the beautiful pair1 ,druid ,merke and ,vixen1 set the pace and every one followed4 ,a few years later ,messrs4 ,phelps and ,davis 7who1 with the above mentioned gentlemen1 were true friends of the breed71 sold a handsome pair of seal brindles1 ,chs4 ,commissioner ,,ii4 and ,topsy1 to ,mr4 ,borden of ,new ,york1 and confirmed1 if not established1 the fashion for that color in that city4 ,i think that all people will agree1 from all parts of the country1 that ,new ,york sets the style for practically everything1 from my lady's headgear to the pattern of her equipages1 and the edict from that city has decreed that the correct color in ,boston terriers is a rich seal brindle1 with white markings1 with plenty of luster to it1 and all sections of the continent promptly say amen6 ,i have taken the pains to look up a number of orders that we have recently received1 which include 7not enumerating those received from the ,new ,england ,states1 or ,new ,york71 three from ,portland1 ,oregon1 one from ,california1 one from ,st4 ,louis1 one from ,mexico1 four from ,canada1 two from ,chicago1 and one from ,texas1 and with the exception of two who wished to replace dogs bought of us ten or twelve years previously1 they practically all wanted seal brindles4 ,these orders were nearly all from bankers and brokers1 men who are supposed to be en rapport with the dictates of fashion4 ,it goes without saying that what a public taste demands1 every effort will be made to attain the same1 and breeders will strive their utmost to produce this shade4 ,many who do not understand scientific matings to obtain these desirable colors have fallen into a very natural mistake in so doing4 ,in regard to the mahogany brindles they say1 why not breed continuously together rich mahogany sires and dams1 and then we shall always have the brindles we desire4 ,like produces like is a truism often quoted1 but there are exceptions1 and ,boston terrier breeding furnishes an important one4 ,a very few years of breeding this way will give a brown1 solid color1 without a particle of brindle1 or even worse1 a buckskin4 ,if the foundation stock is a lighter brindle to start1 the result will be a mouse color4 ,the proper course to pursue is to take a golden brindle bitch that comes from a family noted for that shade1 and mate her with a dark mahogany brindle dog that comes from an ancestry possessed of that color4 ,the bitch from this mating can be bred to dark mahogany brindles1 and the females from this last mating bred again to dark mahogany males1 but now a change is necessary4 ,the maxim1 twice in and once out1 applies here4 ,the last bred bitches should be bred this time to a golden brindle dog1 and same process repeated1 that is1 the bitches from this last union and their daughters can be bred to dark mahogany brindle dogs1 when the golden brindle sire comes in play again4 ,this can be repeated indefinitely4 ,a rule in color breeding to be observed is this3 that the male largely influences the color of the pups4 ,if darker colors are desired1 use a darker male than the female4 ,if lighter shades are desired1 use a lighter colored male4 ,if a tiger brindle is wanted1 take a gray brindle bitch and mate to a dark mahogany dog4 ,steel and gray brindles are in so little demand and are so easy to produce that we shall not notice them4 ,in regard to seal brindles4 ,a great many breeders who do not understand proper breeding to obtain them have fallen into the same pit as the others4 ,in their desire to obtain the dark seal brindles they have mated very dark dogs to equally dark bitches1 which has resulted in a few generations in producing dogs absolutely black in color1 with coats that look as if they had been steeped in a pail of ink4 ,a visit to any of the leading shows of late will reveal the fact that quite a number of candidates for bench honors are not real brindle1 except possibly on the under side of the body1 or perchance a slight shading on the legs4 ,a considerable number are perfectly black1 and are called by courtesy black brindles4 ,as well call the ace of spades by the same name4 ,a serious feature in connection with this is1 that the longer this line of breeding is persisted in1 the harder will be the task to breed away4 ,in fact1 in my estimation it will be as difficult as the elimination of white4 ,one important fact in connection here is that black color is more pronounced from white stock than from brindle4 ,i recently went into the kennels of a man who has started a comparatively short time ago1 and who has been most energetic in his endeavors to produce a line of dark seal brindles1 and who is much perplexed because he has a lot of stock on hand1 while first rate in every other respect1 are with coats as black as crows and not worth ten dollars apiece4 ,he seemed very much surprised when ,i told him his mistake1 but grateful to be shown a way out of his difficulty4 ,a visit to another kennel not far from the last revealed the fact that the owner was advertising and sending largely to the ,west what he called black brindles1 but as devoid of brindle as a frog is of feathers4 ,his case was rather amusing1 as he honestly believed that because the dog was a ,boston terrier its color of necessity must be a brindle4 ,he reminded me a good deal of a man who started a dog store in ,boston a number of years ago who advertised in his windows a ,boston terrier for sale cheap4 ,upon stepping in to see the dog all that presented itself to view was a dog1 a cross between a fox and bull terrier4 ,when the man was told of this1 he made this amusing reply3 ,the dog was born in ,boston1 and he is a terrier4 ,why is he not a ,boston terrier8 ,upon telling him that according to his reasoning if the dog had been born in ,new ,york city he would be a ,new ,york terrier he smiled4 ,fortunately ,i had ,druid ,pero with me and said3 ,here is a dog bred in my kennels at ,cliftondale1 ,mass41 that was a first prize winner at the last ,new ,york show1 and yet he is a ,boston terrier4 ,after looking ,pero carefully over he exclaimed3 ,well1 by gosh1 they don't look much like brothers1 but ,i guess some greenhorn will come along who will give me twenty-five dollars for him1 and on inquiring a little later was told the green gentleman had called and bought the dog4 ,how to breed the dogs so that the brindle will not become too dark1 with the bright reddish sheen that sparkles in the sun1 is the important question1 and ,i am surprised at the ignorance displayed by kennel men that one would naturally suppose would have made the necessary scientific experiments to obtain this desirable shading4 ,only a short time ago a doctor1 a friend of mine1 told me he had just started a kennel of ,bostons1 buying several bitches at a bargain on account of their being black in color1 and that he proposed breeding them to a white dog to get puppies of a desirable brindle4 ,he seemed quite surprised when told the only shades he could reasonably expect would be black1 white and splashed1 all equally undesirable4 ,the system adopted in our kennels some years ago to obtain seal brindles with correct markings and the desirable luster and reddish sheen to the coat is as follows3 ,we take a rich red1 or light mahogany bitch1 with perfect markings1 that comes from a family noted for the brilliancy of their color1 and without white in the pedigrees for a number of generations1 and mate her always to a dark seal brindle dog with an ancestry back of him noted for the same color4 ,the pups from these matings will come practically seventy-five per cent4 medium seal brindles4 ,we now take the females that approximate the nearest in shade to their mother1 and mate them to a dark seal brindle dog always4 ,the bitches that are the result of this union are always bred to a dark seal brindle dog4 ,the females that come from the last union are bred to a medium seal brindle dog1 but now comes the time to introduce a mahogany brindle dog as a sire next time1 for if these last bitches were mated to a seal brindle dog a large per cent4 of the pups would come too dark or even black4 ,this system is used indefinitely and desirable seal brindles with white markings can thus be always obtained4 ,to the best of my recollection we have had but one black dog in twenty years4 ,we have demonstrated1 we trust1 so that all may understand how golden1 mahogany1 and seal brindles are obtained1 and how they may be bred for all time without losing the brindle so essential1 and we now pass on to the consideration of a far harder problem1 the obtaining of the rich seal brindles from all undesirable colors1 and we present to all interested in this important1 and practically unknown and misunderstood1 problem the result of a number of years extended and scientific experiments which1 we confess1 were disheartening and unproductive for a long time1 but which ultimately resulted in success1 the following rules to be observed1 known as ,the ,st4 ,botolph ,color ,chart4 ,in presenting this we are fully aware that as far as we know this is the only scientific system evolved up to date1 also that there are a number of breeders of the ,american dog who maintain that this is an absolute impossibility1 that breeding for color is as absurd as it is impractical1 but we can assure these honest doubters that we have blazed a trail1 and all they now have to do is simply to follow instructions and success will crown their efforts4 ,we will enumerate the following colors in the order of their resistance1 so to speak3 ,no4 #a4 ,white4 ,this color1 theoretically a combination of red1 green and violet will be found the hardest to eliminate1 as the shade desired will have to be worked in1 so to speak1 and it will take several generations before a seal brindle with perfect markings that can be depended upon to always reproduce itself can be obtained4 ,starting with a white bitch 7always remember that the shades desired must be possessed by the dog71 we breed her always to a golden brindle dog4 ,the bitches 7those most resembling the sire in color being selected7 from these two are mated to a dark mahogany brindle dog1 and the females from this last union are mated to a dark seal brindle dog4 ,it will readily be observed that we have bred into the white color1 golden1 mahogany and seal brindle and this admixture of color will give practically over ninety per cent4 of desirable brindles4 ,always see that the sires used are perfectly marked1 from ancestry possessing the same correct markings4 ,this is absolutely imperative1 where the stock to be improved is worked upon is white4 ,no4 #b4 ,black4 ,this color is the opposite of white1 inasmuch as there is an excess of pigment1 which in this case will have to be worked out4 ,breed the black bitch to a red brindle dog 7with the same conditions regarding his ancestry74 ,the females from these matings bred always to a dark mahogany brindle dog4 ,the females from the last matings breed to a medium seal brindle dog with a very glossy coat1 and the result of these last matings will be good seal brindles4 ,if any bitches should occasionally come black1 breed always to a golden brindle dog4 ,no other shade will do the trick4 ,no4 #c4 ,gray brindle4 ,this is practically a dead color1 but easy to work out4 ,breed first to a golden brindle dog4 ,the females from this union breed to a rich mahogany brindle1 and the bitches from this last litter breed to a seal brindle dog4 ,no4 #d4 ,buckskin4 ,breed bitch to golden brindle dog2 the females from this union to a red brindle dog 7if unobtainable1 use mahogany brindle dog1 but this is not so effective71 and the females from last union breed to a seal brindle dog4 ,no4 #e4 ,liver4 ,this is a great deal like the last1 but a little harder to manipulate4 ,breed first to a golden brindle dog4 ,the females from this union breed to a seal brindle4 ,the bitches from this union breed to mahogany brindle dog with black bars running through the coat1 and the females from last mating breed to seal brindles4 ,no4 #f4 ,mouse color4 ,use same process as for gray brindles4 ,no4 #g4 ,yellow4 ,a very undesirable shade1 but easy to eliminate4 ,breed to mahogany brindle dog as dark as can be obtained1 and bitches from this mating breed to a seal brindle dog4 ,no4 #h4 ,steel and tiger brindles ,i class together1 as the process is the same and results are easy4 ,breed first to a red brindle dog2 bitches from this union to a dark mahogany brindle1 and then use seal brindle dog on bitch from last mating4 ,no4 #i4 ,red brindle4 ,no skill is required here4 ,breed first to mahogany brindles1 and bitches from this union to seal brindles4 ,we have now enumerated practically all the less desirable shades1 but let me observe in passing1 in the process of color breeding that the law of atavism1 or throwing back1 often asserts itself1 and we shall see colors belonging to a far-off ancestry occasionally presenting themselves in all these matings4 ,once in a while a dog will be found that no matter what color bitches he may be mated with1 he will mark a certain number of the litter with the peculiar color or markings of some remote ancestor4 ,just a case apropos of this will suffice4 ,we used in our kennels a dog of perfect markings1 coming from an immediate ancestry of perfectly marked dogs1 and mated him with quite a number of absolutely perfectly marked bitches that we had bred for a great number of years that had before that had perfectly marked pups1 and every bitch1 no matter how bred1 had over fifty per cent4 of white headed pups4 ,we saw the pups in other places sired by this dog1 no matter where bred1 similarly marked4 ,we found his grandmother was a white headed dog1 and this dog inherited this feature in his blood1 and passed it on to posterity4 ,the minute a stud dog1 perfect in himself1 is prepotent to impress upon his offspring a defect in his ancestry1 discard him at once4 ,i have often been amused to see how frequently this law of atavism is either misunderstood or ignored4 ,only recently ,i have seen a number of letters in a leading dog magazine1 in which several people who apparently ought to know better1 were accusing litters of bulldog pups as being of impure blood because there were one or two black pups amongst them4 ,they must1 of course1 have been conversant with the fact that bulldogs years ago frequently came of that color1 and failed to reason that in consequence of this1 pups of that shade are liable once in a while to occur4 ,it is always a safe rule in color breeding to discard as a stud a dog1 no matter how brilliant his coat may be1 who persistently sires pups whose colors are indistinct and run together1 as it were4 ,illustration3 ,champion ,boylston ,reina ,illustration3 ,champion ,roxie ,illustration3 ,peter's ,little ,boy and ,ch4 ,trimont ,roman ,illustration3 ,champion ,lord ,derby ,remember1 in closing this chapter1 that as eternal vigilance is the price of liberty1 so the eternal admixtures of colors is the price of rich brindles4 ,if one has the time the works of an ,austrian monk named ,mendel are of great interest as bearing somewhat on this subject1 and the two ,english naturalists1 ,messrs4 ,everett and ,j4 ,g4 ,millais1 whose writings contain the result of extensive scientific experiments on dogs and game birds1 are of absorbing interest also4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,sales4 ,every person who has bred ,bostons for any length of time knows that a good dog sells himself4 ,i do not imagine there is practically any part of this great country where a typical dog1 of proper color and markings and all right in every respect1 fails to meet a prospective buyer1 and yet1 of course1 there are certain places where an ,a #a dog1 like an ideal saddle or carriage horse meets with a readier sale1 at a far greater price than others4 ,new ,york city1 in particular1 and all the larger cities of the country where there are large accumulations of wealth1 offer the best markets for the greatest numbers of this aristocratic member of the dog fraternity1 and from my own personal knowledge the larger cities of the countries adjacent to the ,united ,states furnish nearly as good a market1 at a somewhat reduced price4 ,were the quarantines removed in the mother country1 which ,england no doubt has found absolutely necessary1 it would not surprise me in the least to see an unprecedented demand for the ,boston at very high prices1 and ,i am going to make a prediction that on the continent of ,europe it will not be long before the ,american dog will follow the trotting horse1 and will work his way eastward1 until jealous ,china and strange ,japan will be as enamoured with him as we are1 and his devotees at the ,antipodes will be wondering where he got his little screw tail1 and why that sweet1 serene expression on his face1 like the ,quaker ,oat smile1 never comes off4 ,this to a person who knows not the ,boston may seem extravagant praise1 but to all such we simply say3 ,get one1 and then see if you are not ready to exclaim with the ,queen of ,sheba1 when visiting ,king ,solomon and being shown his treasures3 ,behold1 the half was not told me6 ,perhaps the system of sales that has always been followed by us may be of interest to many engaged in the breeding of the dog1 and while we do not hold a patent on the same1 or even suggest its adoption by others1 must confess it has worked with entire satisfaction in our case1 and we have never once failed to receive the purchase money4 ,we must say in explanation that our customers practically are all bankers and brokers1 and that our dogs have never been sold by advertising or being exhibited at shows1 but by being recommended by one man to another1 starting many years ago by the first sale to a ,boston banker1 then to several members of his firm1 going from ,boston to their correspondents in other cities1 until the orders come in from everywhere4 ,we had three orders from as many countries in one mail last week4 ,i merely mention this to show how the demand for the dog has grown4 ,when we commenced to sell dogs we adopted the following plan1 which we conceived to be just and equitable alike to buyer and seller3 ,when a dog is ordered we send on one which we believe will fill the bill1 accurately describing the dog1 stating age1 pedigree1 etc41 and stating that when the customer is perfectly satisfied with the dog 7as long a trial being given as may be wished7 in every respect1 a check will be accepted1 and not before4 ,should the dog at any time prove unsatisfactory in any way1 the purchase money will be cheerfully refunded1 or a dog of equal value will be sent in exchange4 ,in the case of a bitch that fails to become a good breeder1 the same plan1 of course1 is followed4 ,in regard to the sale of puppies1 we guarantee them 7barring accidents1 and the showing of them1 when owner assumes risks7 to reach maturity1 and in case they do not1 refund purchase money1 or send on another puppy of equal value4 ,of course1 where the buyer is not known1 or personally recommended1 then the seller has to adopt entirely different methods4 ,still1 ,i see no reason why an honest man who has a ,boston1 or any other dog1 for sale1 or1 in fact1 any article of merchandise1 should not be willing to send on the same to any honest buyer4 ,this is on the assumption1 of course1 that both parties are honorable men4 ,to the seller ,i advise the purchase money being received before the dog is shipped1 and express charges guaranteed1 if the buyer is not known or unable to supply absolutely reliable references4 ,decline to receive any order where the object sought is to obtain a dog to use to breed to a bitch1 or several1 as the case may be1 and then be returned as unsatisfactory4 ,we have had no experience in this line1 but are informed it has frequently been done4 ,if such a customer presents himself1 simply tell him he can inspect the dog or have an expert do so for him if too far away to come1 but that when the deal is closed and the money paid that under no conditions whatever can the dog be returned4 ,in regard to the seller shipping the dog to its destination1 we will say that we think he will run practically no risk in so doing4 ,if the dog is all right in every way it is dollars to doughnuts that he will arrive in perfect condition4 ,we can say that in over twenty years' shipments of dogs to all parts of the country and beyond we have never had a dog die en route1 lost1 exchanged1 or stolen4 ,i think the express companies of this country1 ,canada1 ,mexico1 and beyond1 are to be highly commended for the excellent care they take of the dogs committed to their charge1 neither do ,i think the express charges are ever excessive1 when one considers the value of the dogs carried4 ,we will now consider the case of the buyer1 assuming1 of course1 he is known or capable of presenting suitable references4 ,we always advise him to deal with kennels or dealers of established reputations4 ,run no chances with any other unless you desire to be trimmed4 ,pray do not be misled by glowing advertisements 7stating that they have the largest kennels on earth7 in every paper that does not know them4 ,i have investigated quite a number of these so-called kennels and found they usually consisted of an old box stall in a cheap stable1 or a room over an equally cheap barroom1 and their stock in trade consisted of two or three mutts4 ,be very suspicious of any man who advertises that he has dogs for sale that can win in fast company for fifty or a hundred dollars1 or ,a #a bitches in whelp to noted dogs for the same price4 ,any man who possesses these kinds of dogs does not have to advertise their sale4 ,there are plenty of people here in ,boston only too glad to buy this kind of stock at three or four times this price4 ,i attended the last show in ,boston with a number of orders in my pocket1 but failed to discover any dogs ,i picked out possessing the quality described at anything less than a good stiff price1 for ,boston terriers with the hall mark of quality have been1 are1 and1 ,i believe1 always will be1 as staple in value as diamonds4 ,the number of letters we have received from all over the country1 particularly from the ,west1 complaining of the skin games played upon them by fake kennels and dealers1 would make an angel weep1 and make one almost regret that one ever knew a ,boston4 ,if the same ingenuity1 skill and patience employed in the getting up of these fake advertisements had been devoted to the breeding of the dog1 this class of advertising gentry 787 would have produced something fit to sell4 ,it is stated on the best of authority that in some cases nothing was shipped for money received4 ,in spite of this vast number of unscrupulous breeders and dealers scattered abroad1 ,i think the chances for reliable kennels was never so good as now in the history of the breed4 ,cream will always rise1 and right dealing1 whether in dogs or diamonds1 will ever meet with their just returns4 ,remember that one never forgets being taken in in a horse trade1 and when1 instead of a horse a dog is involved1 ,i think one never forgives as well4 ,to that number of persons who1 in their daily walks of life are fairly honest1 but who1 when it comes to a trade in dogs are apt to lose that fine sense of justice that should characterize all transactions1 we would say with ,shakespeare3 ,to thine own self be true4 ,thou canst not then be false to any man4 ,yea1 we would repeat the command of a greater than ,shakespeare1 to whom1 ,i trust1 we all pay reverence1 when ,he lays down for us all the ,golden ,rule3 ,whatsoever ye would that men would do to you1 do ye even so to them4 ,to go back to the responsible buyer who is in the market for a good dog1 we say3 ,send your orders to responsible men1 with said dogs to sell1 stating exactly what you want1 and the price you desire to pay1 agreeing to send a check just as soon as dogs prove satisfactory1 assuming1 of course1 express charges4 ,reputable dealers and breeders are looking for just such customers4 ,to all breeders and dealers who have not an established reputation1 would say3 ,advertise accurately what you have for sale in first class reliable papers and magazines4 ,in regard to prices1 the following scale1 adopted by us many years ago1 and which we have never seen since any reason to change1 is practically as follows3 ,for pups from two to three months old1 from fifty to seventy-five dollars4 ,when six months old1 from seventy-five to a hundred3 ,from six months to maturity1 from one hundred to two hundred4 ,these prices are1 of course1 for the ordinary all-around good dogs4 ,with dogs that approximate perfection1 and which only come in the same proportion as giants and dwarfs do in the human race 7,i believe the proportion is one in five thousand71 and the advent of which would surprise the average kennel man as much as if the ,president had sent him a special invitation to dine with him at the ,white ,house1 the price is problematical1 and is negotiated solely by the demand for such a wonder by a comparatively few buyers4 ,i think ,boston terriers as a breed occupy the same position amongst dogs as the hunter and carriage horse does amongst horses4 ,each are more or less a luxury4 ,a well matched pair of horses of good all-round action1 of desirable color and perfect manners and suitable age will sell in the ,eastern cities 7,i am not sufficiently acquainted with the other sections of the country to know values there7 at from eight hundred to two thousand dollars1 but with a pair of carriage horses able to win on the tan bark1 the price will be regulated by the comparatively few people who have sufficient money to spare to purchase this fashionable luxury1 and ten times the amount paid for the first mentioned pair would be a reasonable price to pay for the prize winners4 ,i think the winners of the blue in the ,bostons would fetch a relative sum4 ,the important factor of the cost of production in the case of the dog necessarily enters into the selling price4 ,good ,bostons are as hard to raise as first class hunters1 and a correspondingly large sum has to be obtained to meet expenses1 to say nothing of profit1 but in the writer's experience the best dog or horse sells the readiest4 ,do not be misled by the remark that a dog is worth all he will bring4 ,generally speaking1 this is sound logic1 but not always4 ,many dogs have been sold for very little by people not cognizant of their value1 but this in no way changed the intrinsic worth of the dog4 ,on the other hand1 many dogs have been disposed of at many times their real value1 but this transaction did not enhance their worth in the slightest degree4 ,a gold dollar is worth one hundred cents whether changed for fifty cents or five hundred4 ,an article of intrinsic value never changes4 ,our advice to all who have dogs for sale 7or any other article1 in fact71 ask what you know is a good1 honest1 fair value1 and although you may not sell the dog today1 remember that there are other days to follow4 ,what ,i am going to add now ,i know a great many dealers and breeders will laugh at and declare me a fit subject for an alienist to work on1 but it is fundamentally true just the same1 and is this3 ,never ask or take for a dog more than you know 7not guess7 the dog is worth4 ,this is nothing but ordinary1 common everyday justice that every man has every right to demand of his fellow man1 and every man that is a gentleman will recognize the truth and force of4 ,i was reading a novel this summer1 and one statement amongst a great many good ones impressed me4 ,it stated that all men were divided into two classes3 those that behaved themselves1 and those who did not4 ,we all know that society has divided men into many classes1 but ,i think any thoughtful man will confess1 in the last analysis1 that the novelist's classification was the correct one4 ,i need not apply the moral4 ,it will be somewhat of a temptation to resist taking what a party1 liberally supplied with this world's goods1 will frequently in their ignorance offer for a dog that appeals to them1 but which the owner knows perfectly well is not worth the price offered4 ,if he belongs to the class that behaves themselves he will tell the prospective buyer what the dog is intrinsically worth1 and point out the reasons why he is not worth more4 ,you may depend that you have not only obtained a customer for life1 but one that will readily advertise your kennels under all circumstances4 ,i shall have to ask the reader to overlook the apparent egotism of the statements ,i am now about to make1 but as this book is largely the outgrowth of the author's own experience1 of necessity personal matters are spoken of4 ,a number of years ago ,i received an order from the ,western coast1 through a ,boston house1 for a good all-round puppy at two hundred dollars4 ,i sent the puppy on1 and much to the surprise of the customer1 stated my price for him would be one hundred instead of two4 ,the pup matured into a very nice dog1 as ,i expected he would1 being a ,cracksman pup out of a good bitch4 ,what has been the result of this treatment8 ,ever since 7and no later than yesterday71 orders for dogs from this gentleman have been coming right along4 ,another case1 and this is only a sample of several from the same city3 ,a number of years back a ,new ,york lady1 accompanied by her husband1 came to our kennels to purchase a dog4 ,i had quite a handsome litter of five or six months old pups by ,merk ,jr41 out of ,buster stock on the dam's side1 one of which1 a perfectly marked seal brindle female1 at once took her fancy1 and she said3 ,we have just come from another large kennel in ,boston where they asked us three hundred dollars for a little female ,i do not like nearly as well as this one4 ,her husband was one of the leading men of one of the largest trusts in the country1 and money was apparently no object1 and when ,i replied1 ,mrs4 ,keller1 that dog you select is not worth over fifty dollars 7the price ,i afterwards sold her for7 and the best dog in the litter ,i shall be glad to let you have for seventy-five1 she seemed much surprised4 ,i then1 of course1 told her that the dogs were not worth more as their muzzles were not deep enough to be worth a higher price than ,i wanted4 ,i recently received a letter from her stating that her dog was still as active and much loved as ever1 and the number of orders that have come to me through the sale of this dog would surprise the owners of those kennels who stick their customers with an outrageous price1 and who find to their sorrow that no subsequent orders ever come1 either from the customer or any one else in the vicinity4 ,people have a way sooner or later 7usually sooner7 in discovering when they have been overcharged and act accordingly4 ,one other recommendation ,i wish to make in place here is3 ,never try to fill an order that one has not the dogs to suit4 ,frankly say so1 and recommend a brother fancier that you know has4 ,one good turn deserves another and he may have a chance later to reciprocate4 ,this creates a kindly feeling amongst kennel men1 and is productive of good will1 and ofttimes a large increase in business4 ,a few years ago a lady from ,connecticut came to see me to buy a first class dog or a pair1 if she could get suited4 ,i knew that in the past she had paid the highest price for her ,bostons1 and she wanted a dog in the neighborhood of two thousand dollars4 ,i told her at once ,i had nothing for sale to suit her1 but that ,i knew a man who owned a dog ,i considered worth about that sum1 and recommended her strongly to buy him1 and sent her to ,mr4 ,keady1 who sold to her ,gordon ,boy for that price4 ,the sequel to this is somewhat amusing and shows how reciprocity did not take place4 ,i went to see a litter of pups at ,mr4 ,keady's house soon after1 and expected to obtain a somewhat favorable price on the pup ,i picked out of the litter on account of the sale of the dog1 and offered the gentleman three hundred dollars for him1 upon which he replied3 ,mr4 ,axtell1 do you think that five weeks old pup is worth that sum8 and upon my replying1 ,i certainly do1 instead of saying1 ,all right1 take him1 he exclaimed3 ,if that is your opinion1 and ,i know you always say what you believe1 then he is worth that sum to me1 and put him back in the box4 ,he subsequently sold him to ,mr4 ,borden for over six thousand dollars1 the highest price ever obtained for a ,boston4 ,while writing on the subject of sales1 ,i think it will be in order to speak of a matter that is a source of anxiety to a great many breeders1 and that is the getting rid of the small bitches that are too small to breed4 ,we have always found a ready sale for these when properly spayed for ladies' pets1 largely in ,new ,york city4 ,they make ideal house dogs1 perhaps more winning and affectionate in their manner than others1 never wandering off1 and ,i believe the license fee is the same as for a male4 ,great care must be taken that the operation is thoroughly performed by a competent veterinary1 and it is usually best done when the pup is six months old4 ,my first experience may be of value and interest4 ,i had a little ,buster bitch that ,i felt assured to my sorrow was to small to whelp successfully1 and being much fancied by a lady doctor in ,waterbury1 ,conn41 advised spaying before being sent4 ,i took her to a veterinary with a good reputation in ,boston1 and after the dog had fully recovered from the operation1 sent her to ,dr4 ,conky4 ,what was my surprise to hear that when nine months old she had come in season4 ,i sent the ex-,president of the ,boston ,terrier ,club1 ,dr4 ,osgood1 down and an additional cost of fifty dollars ensued1 whereas the first charge of two dollars would have been all that was necessary if the operation had been properly done in the first place4 ,am glad to say ,i have seen no failures since4 ,i can conceive of no reason why there should not be a ready sale for this class of dogs in all sections of the country1 and the disposal of the same will materially help the income of a great many breeders4 ,in conclusion let me state3 ,put a price on your dogs that in your best judgment you know 7not guess7 to be a fair and equitable one 7and if unable to decide what is right1 call in an honorable expert who can7 and take neither more nor less4 ,always remember that a man can raise horses1 corn1 cotton1 or dogs 7or any other honest product7 and be a gentleman1 but the moment he raises ',cain' he ceases to be one4 ,illustration3 ,gordon ,boy1 ,gretchen1 ,derby's ,buster1 ,tommy ,tucker1 ,ch4 ,lord ,derby ,illustration3 ,gordon ,boy ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,boston ,,terrier ,,type ,,and ,,the ,,standard4 ,the standard adopted by the ,boston ,terrier ,club in #aijj was the result of earnest1 sincere1 thoughtful deliberations of as conservative and conscientious a body of men as could anywhere be gotten together4 ,nothing was done in haste1 the utmost consideration was given to every detail1 and it was a thoroughly matured1 and practically infallible guide to the general character and type of the breed by men who were genuine lovers of the dog for its own sake1 who were perfectly familiar with the breed from its start1 and who were cognizant of every point and characteristic which differentiated him from the bulldog on the one side and the bull terrier on the other1 and while admitting the just claims of every other breed1 believed sincerely that the dog evolved under their fostering care was the peer1 if not the superior1 of all in the particular sphere for which he was designed1 an all-round house dog and companion4 ,in the writer's estimation this type of dog1 for the particular position in life1 so to speak1 he is to occupy1 could not in any way be improved1 and the mental qualities that accompany the physical characteristics 7which are particularly specified in the first chapter7 are of such inestimable value that any possible change would be detrimental4 ,it may be observed that it was the dogs of this type that have led the van everywhere in the days when he was practically unknown outside of the state in which he originated4 ,monte1 ,druid ,vixon1 ,bonnie1 ,revilo ,peach1 and dogs of their conformation possessed a type of interesting individuality that blazed the way east1 west1 north and south4 ,does any one imagine that the so-called terrier type one so often hears of1 and which a large number of people are apparently led today to believe to be par excellence1 the correct thing1 would have been capable of so doing8 ,no one realizes more fully than the writer the fact that the bully type can be carried too far1 and great harm will inevitably ensue1 but the swing of the pendulum to the exaggerated terrier type will in time1 ,i firmly believe1 ring in his death knell4 ,it is a source of wonderment to me that numbers of men who don the ermine can distribute prizes to the weedy specimens1 shallow in muzzle1 light in bone and substance1 long in body1 head and tail1 who adorn 787 the shows of the past few years4 ,i am not a prophet1 neither the son of one1 but ,i will hazard my reputation in predicting that before many years have rolled1 a type1 approximating that authorized by the ,boston ,terrier ,club in #aijj will prevail1 and the friends of the dog will undoubtedly believe it to be good enough to last for all time4 ,it will readily be recalled that ,lord ,byron said of the eminent actor1 ,sheridan1 that nature broke the die in moulding one such man1 and the same may be affirmed with equal truth of the ,boston terrier1 and he will ever remain a type superior to and differ from all other breeds in his particular sphere4 ,it may not be generally known by those who are insisting on a much more terrier conformation than the standard calls for1 that an equally extreme desire for an exaggerated bull type prevailed a number of years ago amongst some of the dogs' warmest supporters1 whose ideal was that practically of a miniature bulldog1 without the pronounced contour of the same4 ,i remember when ,i joined the ,club in the early days that some of the members then were afraid that the dogs were approximating too much to the terrier side of the house4 ,what their views today would be ,i leave the reader to imagine4 ,the plain fact of the case is1 the dog should be a happy medium between the two1 the bull and the terrier4 ,can any intelligent man find a chance for improvement here8 ,i admit that many people are so constituted that a change is necessary in practically everything they are brought into close contact with4 ,but is a change necessarily an improvement8 ,if some men could change the color of their eyes or the general contour of their features they would never rest satisfied until they had so done1 but they would speedily find out that such a change would be very detrimental to their appearance1 the harmony of features and correlation of one part to another would be distorted4 ,i admit readily that one very important result would be obtained1 viz41 the dog of the pronounced terrier type could be bred much more easily4 ,but is an easy production a desideratum8 ,i certainly think not4 ,to those who must be doing something and who find a certain sense of satisfaction in tinkering with the standard1 we extend our pity1 and state that experience is a hard school1 but some people will learn in no other4 ,to those of us who love the dog as he is1 and who believe in letting well enough alone1 we admit we might as well suggest to improve the majestic proportions of the old world cathedrals and castles we all love so much to see1 or advocate the lightening up of the shadows on the canvas of the old masters1 or recommend the touching up of the immortal carvings of the ,italian sculptors4 ,we advise the preacher to stick to his text1 and the shoemaker to his last1 and to all those who would improve the standard we say3 ,hands off6 ,one very important feature in connection with the ,standard is1 that while breeders and judges are perfectly willing to have all dogs that come in the heavyweight class conform practically to it1 when the lightweights and toys are concerned1 a somewhat different type is permitted and the so-called terrier type is allowed1 hence we see a tendency with the smaller dogs to a narrower chest1 longer face and tail4 ,while personally ,i am in favor of a dog weighing from sixteen to twenty pounds1 or even somewhat heavier1 there is absolutely no reason why one should not have any sized dog one desires1 but please observe1 do not breed small dogs at the expense of the type4 ,let the ten or twelve pound dog conform to the standard as much as if it weighed twenty4 ,i think an object lesson will be of inestimable value here4 ,every one who has visited the poultry shows of the past few years must have been delighted and impressed to see the beautiful varieties of bantams4 ,take the games1 for example1 with their magnificent plumage and sprightly bearing4 ,on even a casual examination it will be discovered that these little fowls are an exact reproduction of the game fowl in miniature4 ,the same identical proportions1 symmetry and shape4 ,take the lordly ,brahma and the bantam bearing the same name1 and the same exact proportions prevail4 ,and so it should be with the small ,boston terrier4 ,they should possess the same proportions and symmetry as the larger4 ,remember always that when the dog is bred too much away from the bulldog type1 a great loss in the loving disposition of the dog is bound to ensue4 ,personally1 if the type had to be changed1 ,i would rather lean to the bull type than the terrier4 ,the following testimony of a ,boston banker and director of the ,union ,pacific ,railroad1 to whom ,i sold two large dogs that were decidedly on the bull type1 may be of interest at this point4 ,speaking of the first dog he said3 ,i have had all kinds of dogs1 but ,i get more genuine pleasure out of my ,boston terrier than all my other dogs combined4 ,when ,i reach home in the afternoon ,i am met at the gate by ,prince1 and when ,i sit down to read my paper or a book the dog is at my feet on the rug1 staying there perfectly still as long as ,i do4 ,when dinner is announced he goes with me to the dining room1 takes his place by my side1 and every little while licks my hands1 and when ,i go out for my usual walk before retiring the dog is waiting for me at the door while ,i put my hat and coat on4 ,he follows me1 never running away or barking1 and he sleeps on a mat outside my door at night1 and ,i never worry about burglars4 ,all this is very simple and commonplace1 but it shows why this type of a dog is liked4 ,in regard to the differences of opinion that different judges exhibit when passing upon a dog in the show room1 one preferring one type of a dog and the other another1 this1 of course1 is morally wrong4 ,the standard requirements should govern1 and not individual preferences4 ,we hear a good deal said nowadays about the cleaning up of the head1 and the so-called terrier finish4 ,that seems to be the thing to do1 but does not the standard call for a compactly built dog1 finished in every part of his make-up1 and possessing style and a graceful carriage8 ,this being the case1 a dog should not possess wrinkled1 loose skin on head or neck1 and the shoulders should be neat and trim4 ,in a word1 in comporting to the standard a dog is produced that possesses a harmonious whole1 a thing of beauty and a joy as long as he lives4 ,in short1 the dog should be as far removed from the bull type as he is from the terrier4 ,if the present judges can not see their way clear to follow the standard1 why1 appoint those that will1 for as every fair minded man agrees1 the dogs should follow the standard and not the standard follow the dogs4 ,it is needless to add that ,i do not share in the pessimistic view taken by many lovers of the dog who think he will be permanently injured by the differences of opinion that prevail as to the type1 etc41 and the personalities that sometimes mar the showing of the dog1 for ,i am of the same opinion as was probably felt by the great fish who had to give up ,jonah1 that it is an impossible feat to keep a good man 7or dog7 down1 and that instead of falling off1 as one writer intimates1 he will fall into the good graces of a larger number of people than has heretofore fallen to the lot of any variety of man's best friend4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,picture ,,taking4 ,it would seem at the first glance that to write on this subject was only a waste of time and energy1 and yet ,i know that no one feature of the dog business is more vital in importance or more fraught with trouble than this apparently simple process of dog photography4 ,the novice will at once exclaim3 ,what could be more natural than sending on a picture of a dog ,i want to sell to the prospective customer8 ,surely he can see exactly what he is purchasing6 ,this may be perfectly true1 and yet again it may not4 ,i am not writing of the subject of false pictures on the stud cards of some unscrupulous breeders1 or those pictures taken of dogs whose markings are faked1 only too common in some quarters4 ,the photos look good1 of course1 to the buyer1 but when the dog arrives1 he finds1 to his disgust1 that the beautiful markings1 in some mysterious manner1 got rubbed off while making the journey in the crate4 ,i recently saw a photograph of a dog sold to a ,western customer1 by a dealer in an adjoining town to mine1 taken by an artist in photography when the dog was all chalked up4 ,when the dog arrived he was as free from nose band as my pocket is frequently of a dollar bill4 ,small wonder the buyer remarked with emphasis that the dealer was a fraud4 ,one can almost forgive his exclamation1 which he surely had not learned at ,sunday school1 at being taken in1 in so mean a way4 ,i am writing more particularly of the art of the photographer in bringing out the best points of the dog1 and effectually hiding the poorer ones4 ,how many times have we heard the dealer say1 in speaking of a dog with good markings1 but off in many other respects3 ,he will make a good seller to ship away1 as ,i can get a good looking picture of him4 ,he knows perfectly well that a clever photographer can so pose the dog as to hide bad defects4 ,a long muzzle1 a long back1 or one badly roached1 poor tail1 bad legs and feet1 can all be minimized by posing the dog on the stand4 ,the buyer1 on receipt of the dog1 although thoroughly dissatisfied1 will have to admit that the photo is a genuine one1 and1 in most cases1 is unable to obtain any redress4 ,another very important side of dog photography is the mania for picture collecting4 ,some time ago ,i saw a signed article in ,dogdom1 from a very charming lady living in a city fifty miles from ,boston1 asserting she was about to retire from the ,boston terrier game1 as it cost her too much to furnish photos of her dogs to people from all parts of the country1 who1 under the guise of wishing to buy dogs1 wanted photos and pedigrees of the same4 ,they usually stated that if they did not purchase the dog1 the photo and pedigree would be promptly returned4 ,this was the last she ever heard of them1 and pictures were rarely if ever1 returned4 ,as her photos were taken by a first class photographer1 the cost was considerable1 and the photos were really works of art1 which1 perhaps1 may be one reason why the recipients could not bear to let them go back4 ,she was a lady of large wealth1 and she had established a kennel of real ,bostons1 presided over by an expert kennel-maid1 and would have become a genuine help to the breed1 but pictures were her undoing4 ,since the ,american dog has become the most popular breed in the canine world1 many people1 who cannot afford to purchase a choice specimen1 seem to rest satisfied when they can obtain a photo1 and they have no scruples apparently in writing to the leading kennels for pictures of their leading dogs4 ,i have had many instances come under my notice1 but1 for want of space1 only one typical case can be mentioned4 ,a few years ago1 on visiting a city a short distance from ,boston1 ,i was accosted by a young man1 rather flashily attired1 who invited me to call and see his kennels1 assuring me he had some crackerjacks4 ,as ,i was unaware of the existence of any number of ,a-#a ,bostons in his neighborhood1 my curiosity was aroused and ,i went4 ,i found the dogs quartered in a back room in a very small house4 ,i have never seen such a collection of the aristocrats of the breed before or since4 ,when ,i found my voice1 ,i managed to exclaim3 ,allow me to congratulate you1 my dear sir1 ,i have never seen so many good dogs kenneled in so small a space before4 ,you are certainly a very lucky man2 the food problem never troubles you2 you do not have to dodge the tax collector2 no need ever to call in a vet42 no neighbors can ever complain of being kept awake at night1 and the dogs that are tacked upon the ceiling seem just as content as those pasted on the walls4 ,he then produced his book where the pedigrees of the dogs were neatly recorded4 ,the trouble is1 he is not the only one who owns such a kennel of thorough-breds4 ,it must not be inferred from the above that ,i am averse to picture taking4 ,by no means4 ,they are absolutely necessary4 ,but make them ,pen ,pictures4 ,write a complete description of the dog in question1 giving actual weight1 age1 conformation1 color and markings1 condition of health1 and disposition4 ,state the color of the brindle and the extent of the markings whether full or partial4 ,do not state that the dog has perfect markings if it lacks a collar or white feet4 ,if banded only on one side of the muzzle1 say so4 ,if pinched or undershot1 say so4 ,if roached in back1 poor eyes1 weak in hind quarters or off in tail1 say so4 ,in fact1 plainly state any defects4 ,at the same time1 if the dog is practically ,o4 ,k4 in all respects1 stylish and trappy1 do not hesitate to emphasize the fact1 and if the dog likewise possesses a charming1 delightful personality1 make the most of it4 ,always remember that the perfect ,boston terrier dies young6 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,notes4 ,there are several features of vital import in ,boston terrier breeding that the passing years have disclosed to the writer the imperative need of attention to4 ,most of these have been spoken of in this book before1 but they seem to me at the present time to demand being specially emphasized4 ,feeding and its relation to skin diseases1 ,i think1 naturally heads the list4 ,i have received more letters of inquiry from all parts of the country asking what to do for skin trouble than for all other ailments combined4 ,i think our little dog is more susceptible to skin affections than most dogs1 owing to the fact that he is more or less a house pet1 and does not get the chance of as much outdoor exercise1 and the access to nature's remedy--grass1 as most breeds4 ,at the same time if fed properly1 given sufficient life in the open1 no dog possesses a more beautiful glossy coat4 ,no one factor is more responsible for skin trouble than the indiscriminate feeding of dog biscuit4 ,these1 as previously written1 are first rate supplementary food1 but where they are made the piece de resistance1 look out for breakers ahead4 ,the mere fact of their being available under all circumstances and in all places contributes largely to their general use4 ,at the new million dollar ,angell ,memorial ,animal ,hospital1 ,boston1 ,doctors ,daly and ,flanigan have conducted a series of scientific experiments on dogs4 ,i had talked with ,dr4 ,flanigan1 and stated my experience was that an exclusive dog biscuit diet was the cause of skin trouble invariably4 ,they selected forty dogs in perfect physical condition1 dividing them into two groups of twenty each4 ,to one was fed exclusively dog biscuits1 and the other a diet of milk in the morning1 and at night a feed composed of a liberal amount of spinach--they had to use the canned article as it was in winter--boiled with meat scraps and thickened with sound stale bread4 ,at the end of a fortnight seventeen of the first group were afflicted more or less with skin trouble1 while the other twenty were in the pink of condition4 ,to effect a cure1 the spinach diet--called by the ,french the broom of the stomach--was fed1 and the coat washed with a weak sulpho-naphtha solution4 ,no internal medicine was given4 ,in a month's time the coats of the dogs were normal4 ,further comment on this is unnecessary4 ,next in importance to spinach ,i place carrots and cabbage1 boiled up with the meat and rice1 oat meal and occasionally corn meal4 ,don't be afraid to give a good quantity of the sliced boiled carrots1 especially in the winter season when the dogs cannot obtain grass4 ,a short time ago1 ,i went to see a group of trained monkeys and dogs perform4 ,they both looked in beautiful condition1 and on enquiring of the proprietor as to his methods of feeding1 he said it was a very easy matter1 as he had trained both dogs and monkeys to eat raw carrots while on the road1 during which time he had to feed dog biscuits4 ,when at home in ,new ,york he fed a vegetable hash with sound meat and rye bread1 using largely carrots1 beets1 a very few potatoes and some apples4 ,while on the road he had no facilities for cooking for his animals so he accustomed them to eating cut up raw carrots every other day4 ,previous to this he was bothered with skin trouble with both dogs and monkeys4 ,illustration3 ,champion ,dean's ,lady ,luana ,illustration3 ,mrs4 ,william ,kuback1 with ,ch4 ,lady ,sensation ,the food problem at the present time is a very serious one4 ,the high cost of all sorts of food of every variety should force those breeders who have been keeping a very inferior stock to make up their minds once and for all that it takes just as much time and cost to raise mutts as it does the real article4 ,weed out the inferior stock that never did or will pay for their keep4 ,keep half a dozen good ones that will reproduce1 if bred rightly1 their quality1 if you have not plenty of room for a large number4 ,to those fanciers who only own two or three1 sufficient food is usually furnished from the scraps left from the table1 supplemented1 of course1 with dog biscuit4 ,many kennel-men1 who have a large number of dogs to feed1 obtain daily from hotels or boarding houses the table scraps1 and this makes an ideal food4 ,we fed quite a large number of dogs for several years in this way with perfect success4 ,i know of a large pack of foxhounds that are fed from the same food furnished by a large hotel4 ,fish heads boiled with vegetables make a good diet--be sure there are no fish hooks left in them1 and the scraps from the butchers that are not quite fit for human consumption make ideal food when cooked with rice or vegetables4 ,be careful they are not too old1 however4 ,when skimmed milk is obtainable at the right price1 with waste stale bread1 it makes a well balanced ration for occasional feeding4 ,a few onions boiled up with the feed are always in order4 ,i think the subject of ,tails requires more than a passing mention here4 ,all observers at the recent shows must have noticed the tendency toward a lengthening in many of the tails of the dogs on the bench4 ,some dogs have been awarded high honors which carried more than the law allows1 owing doubtless to their other excellent qualities4 ,while ,i personally believe in a happy medium1 never lose sight of the fact that a good short screw tail has always been1 and1 ,i believe1 will always remain a leading characteristic of the ,american dog4 ,in selecting a stud dog be certain his tail is ,o4 ,k4 ,the bitch can very well afford to carry a longer one1 and usually whelps better on this account4 ,i know of nothing more discouraging in the ,boston terrier game than to have a litter of choice puppies in every other respect1 but off in tails4 ,while writing on the subject of tails1 it may not be out of place to note an interesting fact in connection with this at the earliest history of our little dog4 ,mr4 ,john ,barnard became the possessor of ,tom1 afterward known as ,barnard's ,tom4 ,this was the first ,boston terrier to rejoice in a screw tail4 ,mr4 ,barnard did not know what to make of it1 so he took the pup to old ,dr4 ,saunders1 a well known and respected veterinary surgeon of the day1 to have the tail1 if possible1 put into splints and straightened4 ,i guess there have been quite a number of pups1 descendants of ,tom1 whose owners would have been only too glad to have had their straight tails put in splints1 if1 thereby1 it would have been possible to produce a screw4 ,i think the subject of sufficient importance to again call the attention of breeders to the necessity of the extreme care in breeding seal brindles4 ,the demand started some years ago for very dark color has placed upon the market many dogs devoid of any brindle shading4 ,at the last ,boston ,terrier ,club specialty show a beautiful little dog1 almost perfect in every other respect1 was given the gate on account of being practically black4 ,in my former chapter on ,color ,breeding1 ,i urged the necessity of using a red or light mahogany brindle on black stock4 ,if either sex come black1 never use any other color than these to mix in4 ,enough said6 ,one is constantly hearing from all parts of the country of the prevalence of bitches missing4 ,where they are bred to over-worked stud dogs no surprise need be manifested4 ,in case of a miss have the bitch bred two or three times to the dog next time4 ,if she misses then1 the next time let her run with the dog for several days4 ,i have written this before1 but it will bear repetition4 ,do not acquire the habit of getting rid of the matrons of the kennel when six or seven years old4 ,many bitches give birth to strong pups when eight or nine years old4 ,i write1 of course1 of those in strong1 vigorous condition1 that have always had plenty of good outdoor exercise4 ,remember1 there is no spot on this broad land where the ,boston terrier does not make himself thoroughly at home4 ,what more can one wish8 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,conclusion4 ,i was sitting by an open fire the other evening1 and there passed through my mind a review of the breed since ,i saw a great many years ago1 when the world1 to me1 was young1 a handsome little lad leading down ,beacon street1 ,boston1 two dogs1 of a different type than ,i had ever seen before1 that seemed to have stamped upon them an individual personality and style4 ,they were not bulldogs1 neither were they bull terriers2 breeds with which ,i had been familiar all my life2 but appeared to be a happy combination of both4 ,i need hardly say that one was ,barnard's ,tom1 and the other his litter brother1 ,atkinson's ,toby4 ,tom was the one destined to make ,boston terrier history1 as he was the sire of ,barnard's ,mike4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,barnard has rightly been called the ,father of the ,boston terrier1 and he still lives1 hale and hearty4 ,may his last days be his best1 and full of good cheer6 ,i am now rapidly approaching the allotted time for man1 but ,i venture the assertion that were ,i to visit any city or even small town of the ,united ,states or ,canada1 ,i could see some handsome little lad or lassie leading one of ,barnard's ,mike's sons or daughters4 ,small wonder he is called the ,american dog4 ,the celebrated ,dr4 ,johnson once remarked that few children live to fulfil the promise of their youth4 ,our little aristocrat of the dog world has more than done so4 ,may his shadow never grow less6 ,i feel convinced that ,i ought to take this opportunity to record my kindly appreciation of the generous expressions of thanks for my efforts on behalf of the dog4 ,they have come from all parts of the country1 and from all classes of people4 ,were it in my power ,i would gladly reply to each individual writer4 ,this is impossible4 ,i can only say1 ,i thank you6 ,may ,god bless us1 one and all6 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,technical ,,terms ,,used ,,in ,,relation ,,to ,,the ,,boston ,,terrier1 ,,and ,,their ,,meaning4 ,a ,crackerjack--,a first class1 typical dog4 ,a ,mutt--,a worthless specimen4 ,a ,flyer--,a dog capable of winning in any company4 ,a ,weed--,a leggy1 thin1 attenuated dog1 bred so4 ,a ,fake--,a dog whose natural appearance has been interfered with to hide defects4 ,a ,dope--,a dog afflicted1 usually with chorea1 that has had cocaine administered to him to stop the twitching while in the judging ring4 ,a ,ringer--,a dog shown under a false name1 that has previously been shown under his right name4 ,apple-headed--,skull round1 instead of flat on top4 ,broken-up ,face--,bulldog face1 with deep stop and wrinkle and receding nose4 ,frog or ,down ,face--,nose not receding4 ,dish-faced--,one whose nasal bone is higher at the nose than at the stop4 ,butterfly ,nose--,a spotted nose4 ,dudley ,nose--,a flesh-colored nose4 ,rose ,ear--,an ear which the tip turns backward and downward1 disclosing the inside4 ,button ,ear--,an ear that falls over in front1 concealing the inside4 ,tulip ,ear--,an upright1 or pricked ear4 ,blaze--,the white line up the face4 ,cheeky--,when the cheek bumps are strongly defined4 ,occiput--,the prominent bone at the back or top of the skull1 noticeably prominent in bloodhounds4 ,chops--,the pendulous lips of the bulldog4 ,cushion--,fullness in the top lips4 ,dewlap--,the pendulous skin under the throat4 ,lippy--,the hanging lips of some dogs1 who should not possess same1 as in the bull terrier4 ,layback--,a receding nose4 ,pig-jawed--,the upper jaw protruding over the lower2 an exaggeration of an undershot jaw4 ,overshot--,the upper teeth projecting beyond the lower4 ,undershot--,the lower incisor teeth projecting beyond the upper1 as in bulldogs4 ,wrinkle--,loose1 folding skin over the skull4 ,wall ,eye--,a blue mottled eye4 ,snipy--,too pointed in muzzle2 pinched4 ,stop--,the indentation between the skull and the nasal bone near the eyes4 ,septum--,the division between the nostrils4 ,leather--,the skin of the ear4 ,expression--,the size and placement of the eye determines the expression of the dog4 ,brisket--,that part of the body in front of the chest and below the neck4 ,chest--,that part of the body between the forelegs1 sometimes called the breast1 extending from the brisket to the body4 ,cobby--,thick set2 low in stature1 and short coupled2 or well ribbed up1 short and compact4 ,couplings--,the space between the tops of the shoulder blades1 and the tops of the hip joints4 ,a dog is accordingly said to be long or short in the couplings4 ,deep in ,brisket--,deep in chest4 ,elbows--,the joint at the top of forearm4 ,elbows ,out--,self-explanatory2 either congenital1 or as a result of weakness4 ,flat-sided--,flat in ribs2 not rounded4 ,forearm--,the foreleg between the elbows and pastern4 ,pastern--,the lower section of the leg below the knee or hock respectively4 ,shoulders--,the top of the shoulder blades1 the point at which a dog is measured4 ,racy--,slight in build and leggy4 ,roach-back--,the arched or wheel formation of loin4 ,pad--,the underneath portion of the foot4 ,loins--,the part of body between the last rib and hindquarters4 ,long in flank--,long in back of loins4 ,lumber--,unnecessary flesh4 ,cat-foot--,a short1 round foot1 with the knuckles well developed4 ,hare-foot--,a long1 narrow foot1 carried forward4 ,splay-foot--,a flat1 awkward forefoot1 usually turned outward4 ,stifles--,the upper joint of hind legs4 ,second ,thighs--,the muscular development between stifle joint and hock4 ,the ,hock--,the lowest point of the hind leg4 ,spring--,round1 or well sprung ribs2 not flat4 ,shelly--,narrow1 shelly body4 ,timber--,bone4 ,tucked ,up--,tucked up loin1 as seen in greyhounds4 ,upright ,shoulders--,shoulders that are set in an upright1 instead of an oblique position4 ,leggy--,having the legs too long in proportion to body4 ,stern--,tail4 ,screw ,tail--,a tail twisted in the form of a screw4 ,kink ,tail--,a tail with a break or kink in it4 ,even ,mouthed--,a term used to describe a dog whose jaws are neither overhung nor underhung4 ,beefy--,big1 beefy hind quarters4 ,bully--,where the dog approaches the bulldog too much in conformation4 ,terrier ,type--,where the dog approaches the terrier too much in conformation4 ,cow-hocked--,the hocks turning inward4 ,saddle-back--,the opposite of roach-back4 ,lengthy--,possessing length of body4 ,broody--,a broody bitch2 one whose length of conformation evidences a likely mother2 one who will whelp easily and rear her pups4 ,blood--,a blood2 a dog whose appearance denotes high breeding4 ,condition--,another name for perfect health1 without superfluous flesh1 coat in the best of shape1 and spirits lively and cheerful4 ,style--,showy1 and of a stylish1 gay demeanor4 ,listless--,dull and sluggish4 ,character--,a sub-total of all the points which give to the dog the desired character associated with his particular variety1 which differentiates him from all other breeds4 ,hall-mark--,that stamp of quality that distinguishes him from inferior dogs1 as the sterling mark on silver1 or the hall-mark on the same metal in ,england4