,,am]ican ,,society ,,( ,,civil         
,,eng9e]s  ,,in/itut$ #aheb             
,,transactions  ,pap] ,no4 #aaec   ,,!  
,,new ,,york ,,tunnel ,,ext5sion ,,( ,,!
 ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad4  ,,mead[s    
,,division ,,& ,,h>rison ,,transf]      
,,y>d4,a  ,,by ,e4 ,b4 ,,temple1 ,m4    
,,am4 ,,soc4 ,c4 ,e4    ,! ,new ,york   
,tunnel ,ext5sion ( ! ,p5nsylvania      
,railroad div]ges f ! ,new ,york        
,division 9 ! ,t[n ( ,h>rison1 ,n4 ,j41 
&1 asc5d+ on a #j4e grade1 crosses ov] !
 tracks ( ! ,new ,york ,division & ! ma9
 l9e ( ! ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n 
,railroad4 ,!nce x cont9ues1 ) light    
undulat+ grades1 across ! ,hack5sack    
,mead[s to a po9t j ea/ ( ! ,nor!rn     
,railroad ( ,new ,j]sey & ! ,new ,york1 
,susquehanna & ,we/]n ,railroad1 :]e x  
desc5ds to ! tunnels "u ,b]g5 ,hill & ! 
,nor? ,riv]4 7,plate ,,xvi47            
,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvi4--,plan &   
,pr(ile ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,tunnel        
,t]m9al ,r4 ,r41 f ,h>rison1 ,n4 ,j41 to
 ! ,hudson ,riv]  ,t portion ( ! l9e ly+

 we/ ( ! portals ( ! ,b]g5 ,hill        
,tunnels has be5 divid$ into two        
sections3 ,fir/1 ! mo/ we/]ly1 kn[n z ! 
,h>rison ,transf] ,/ation & ,y>d 7,plate
 ,,xvii71 :i* is locat$ on ! s\!rn side 
( ! ,new ,york ,division1 ,p5nsylvania  
,railroad1 & ext5ds f ! connection ) !  
,new ,york ,division tracks at grade up 
to ! po9t ( cross+ ! same1 :]e !        
,p5nsylvania ,tunnel & ,t]m9al ,railroad
 has its beg9n+2 second1 ! ,mead[s      
,division ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,tunnel &    
,t]m9al ,railroad1 :i* is a d\ble-track 
railroad1 #e4jh miles long1 ext5d+ f a  
po9t j we/ ( ! bridge ov] ! ,new ,york  
,division to a po9t #cjj ft4 we/ ( !    
we/]n portals ( ! ,b]g5 ,hill ,tunnels4 
,h>rison ,transf] ,/ation & ,y>d4--,!   
necessities = ! ,h>rison improvem5ts are
 two-fold3 ,fir/1 z a place to *ange    
motive p[] f /eam to electric1 & vice   
v]sa2 second1 z a transf] = pass5g]s f  
tra9s de/9$ to ! new ,/ation at ,sev5?  
,av5ue & #cc;d ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city1
 to /eam or rapid transit tra9s de/9$ to

 ! pres5t ,j]sey ,city ,/ation1 or to ! 
l[] "p ( ,new ,york ,city via ! ,hudson 
& ,manhattan ,tunnels1 & vice v]sa4     
,all /eam tra9s f ,philadelphia1 ! ,s\?1
 & ! ,we/1 f ,new ,j]sey sea%ore        
resorts1 & local tra9s on ! ,new ,york  
,division b\nd = ! new ,p5nsylvania     
,/ation1 w *ange _! motive p[] f /eam to
 electric eng9es at ! ,h>rison ,transf] 
,/ation4 ,likewise1 all tra9s f !       
,tunnel ,l9e w *ange f electric to /eam 
motive p[] !re1 & pass5g]s com+ f ,j]sey
 ,city & ! s\!rn section ( ,new ,york   
,city c take ?r\gh tra9s at ! ,h>rison  
,transf] plat=ms4 ,x is e/imat$ t ! "t  
requir$ to make ?is *ange ( motive p[]1 
or to transf] pass5g]s1 w n exce$       
#c-a_/b m94  ,! plan at ,h>rison        
provides at pres5t = two plat=ms1 ea*   
#a1ajj ft4 long & #bh ft4 wide1 & hav+  
ample %elt]s & wait+ rooms1 connect$ by 
a #ab-;ft4 tunnel "u ! tracks1 provision
 be+ made = two additional plat=ms :5   
necessity requires _! con/ruction4 ,!   
plat=ms are support$ on walls ( re9=c$  

concrete1 ) an ov]hang to provide a     
refuge = employees f pass+ tra9s4 ,!    
concrete walls are support$ on wood5    
piles1 prev5t$ f spread+ by #g_/h-;94   
tie-rods at #aj-;ft4 int]vals1 & emb$d$ 
9 concrete "u ! pav+ ( ! plat=m4 ,z !   
elevation ( ! top ( ! plat=m is #ba4hc1 
& ! top ( ! piles is #ad4ed above mean  
tide1 ! piles w1 ( c\rse1 decay2 b1 z ! 
embankm5t has be5 complet$ = "s "t & is 
well pack$ & settl$1 ! concrete be+     
deposit$ directly on ! embankm5t1 v     
little tr\ble f settlem5t is anticipat$ 
:5 ! piles decay4 ,! surface ( !        
plat=ms1 ) ! exception ( ! edges1 is to 
be ( brick1 on a concrete base2 &1 if   
settlem5t occurs1 ! bricks c be tak5 up 
& re-surfac$4 ,! tops ( ! plat=ms are #c
 ft4 #aj 94 above ! top ( ! rail & on a 
level ) ! floors ( ! c>s1 s t pass5g]s  
may ent] or leave tra9s )\t us+ /eps1 z 
all c>s :i* w ent] ! ,p5nsylvania       
,/ation1 ,new ,york ,city1 are to be    
provid$ ) ve/ibules hav+ trap-doors 9 ! 
floor to give access to ei!r high or l[ 

plat=ms4 ,details ( ! plat=ms are %[n on
 ,plates ,,xviii & ,,xix4  ,z plann$ at 
pres5t1 !re w be f\r ma9 runn+ tracks1  
"o adjac5t to ea* side ( ! two plat=ms1 
provid+ /&+ room = f\r ( ! longe/ tra9s1
 two 9 ea* direction1 or d\ble ! numb] (
 tra9s ( ord9>y l5g?1 s t pass5g]s hav+ 
to transf] f a tra9 de/9$ to !          
,p5nsylvania ,/ation at #cc;d ,/reet to 
a tra9 de/9$ = ! ,j]sey ,city ,/ation or
 ! ,hudson & ,manhattan ,tunnels w m]ely
 cross ! plat=m4 ,betwe5 ! two int]ior  
ma9 tracks are two %ift+ tracks1 s t    
betwe5 ! plat=ms !re w be two pass5g]   
tracks on :i* tra9s w /op to *ange      
motive p[] & transf] pass5g]s1 & two    
%ift+ tracks = rapid despat*+ ( ! empty 
eng9es & motors1 ea* ( ! f\r tracks be+ 
#ae ft4 f c5t] to c5t] to all[ = unc\pl+
 & inspection ( c>s4  ,an effici5t sy/em
 ( connections & cross-ov]s is provid$ =
 all tracks1 & !re is ample /orage      
capacity = #aj /eam eng9es at ! we/]n   
end ( ! plat=ms & #bj electric motors at
 ! ea/]n end1 bo? ( :i* are conv5i5tly  

locat$ = quick movem5t1 ) provision =   
additional /orage tracks1 if requir$4   
,/eam eng9es1 ^u be+ disconnect$1 c be  
quickly s5t to ! ma9 eng9e /orage y>d1 &
 by ! use ( a loop track no turntable is
 requir$4 ,! ma9 eng9e /orage y>d is    
locat$ s\? ( ! runn+ tracks adjo9+ !    
bulkhead along ! ,passaic ,riv]1 :]e    
provision is made = ! /orage ( #bj      
eng9es4 ,!re are two #ej1jjj-;gal4 wat] 
tanks1 an a%-pit1 inspection-pit1       
"w-pit1 s&-hopp]1 & ! necess>y build+s4 
,wat] is br\ght f ! city wat] ma9 9 !   
,mead[s ,y>d1 on ! ,new ,york ,division1
 ab\t #h1bjj ft4 ea/w>d f ! c5t] ( ?is  
y>d4  ,x 0 at fir/ plann$ to locate a   
p[]-h\se & c> & eng9e repair %ops 9 !   
y>d1 b z ! ultimate ext5t ( !           
electrification ( ! ,new ,york ,division
 _c n[ be det]m9$1 ! facilities 9 ! l>ge
 p[]-h\se 9 ,long ,isl& ,city1 & 9 ! %op
 & r\nd-h\se 9 ! ,mead[s ,y>d ( ! ,new  
,york ,division1 7 increas$ to provide =
 ! p[] & repairs necess>y = ! next few  
ye>s4 ,9 ord] to rea* ! ,mead[s %ops &  

r\nd-h\se )\t int]f]+ ) ! pres5t pass5g]
 & freight tracks1 x 0 necess>y to build
 track connections ) ! ,mead[s ,y>d4    
,twelve /alls ( ! exi/+ r\nd-h\se 7     
ext5d$ to accommodate ! motive p[]2 a   
l>ge transf] table & pit 7 increas$ 9   
size1 & an additional a%-pit & eng9e    
/orage tracks 7 con/ruct$4  ,any        
ext5sive repairs to ! electric eng9es w 
be made = ! pres5t 9 ! ,jamaica ,%ops1  
,long ,isl&2 & ! l>ge %ops at ,tr5ton1  
on ! ,new ,york ,division1 z well z !   
,mead[s ,%ops1 w be available = repairs 
to ! /eam locomotives4 ,!re is ample    
room at ,h>rison1 & plans h be5 prep>$  
provid+ = /orage & light repair ( c>s1  
locomotives1 electric motors1 & rapid   
transit tra9s1 if ! future dem&s require
 su* con/ruction at ?is place4  ,! rapid
 transit l9e w ext5d f ,p>k ,place1     
,new>k1 to ,h>rison1 & !nce ov] ! pres5t
 l9e ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 :i* w  
be electrifi$1 to a junction ) ! ,hudson
 & ,manhattan ,railroad ,company's      
tunnel tracks at ,prior ,/reet1 ,j]sey  

,city4 ,x w be con/ruct$ & own$ by !    
,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company4 ,a jo9t
 & frequ5t ?r\gh s]vice w be conduct$ by
 bo? companies betwe5 ,p>k ,place1      
,new>k1 & ! t]m9al ( ! ,hudson &        
,manhattan ,railroad1 9 ,new ,york      
,city1 by ! use ( multiple-unit tra9s   
simil> to ^? n[ be+ op]at$ 9 ! ,hudson &
 ,manhattan tunnels4 ,^! tra9s w pick up
 & dis*>ge ,p5nsylvania ,railroad       
pass5g]s at ! ,h>rison ,transf] ,/ation1
 s t all pass5g]s b\nd = l[] ,new ,york 
,city1 :o desire to use ! tunnel s]vice1
 w make ! *ange at ,h>rison in/ead ( at 
,j]sey ,city z at pres5t4 ,provision is 
made = two additional plat=ms1 ea*      
#a1ajj ft4 long1 to accommodate ! rapid 
transit tra9s :5 ! pres5t plat=ms prove 
inadequate4 ,! exi/+ pass5g] tracks     
betwe5 ! ,h>rison ,transf] ,y>d &       
,summit ,av5ue1 ,j]sey ,city1 :]e a new 
local pass5g] /ation w be con/ruct$1 w  
be us$ jo9tly by /eam & electric tra9s4 
,! embankm5t = ! ,h>rison ,y>d 0 made1  
"u contract dat$ ,july #ba/1 #aijf1 )   

,h5ry ,/e]s1 ,incorporat$1 ( ,new ,york 
,city1 ( cell> e>? f ,new ,york ,city1 &
 ) rock & e>? excavat$ f ! ,p5nsylvania 
,/ation & cross-t[n tunnels4 ,x 0       
necess>y to con/ruct #a1jjj ft4 ( /one &
 crib bulkhead along ! bank ( ! ,passaic
 ,riv]4 ,! plan ( ! y>d 0 prep>$ by a   
committee ( op]at+1 electrical1 &       
eng9e]+ (fic]s1 consi/+ ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,l4  
,%epp>d1 ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,new ,j]sey
 ,division1 ,p5nsylvania ,railroad      
,company2 ,george ,gibbs1 ,m4 ,am4 ,soc4
 ,c4 ,e41 ,*ief ,eng9e]1 ,electric      
,traction & ,t]m9al ,/ation             
,con/ruction1 ,p5nsylvania ,tunnel &    
,t]m9al ,railroad ,company2 ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4
 ,mc,crea1 ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,long    
,isl& ,railroad ,company2 ,mr4 ,c4 ,s4  
,krick1 ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,p5nsylvania       
,tunnel & ,t]m9al ,railroad ,company2   
,mr4 ,a4 ,m4 ,p>k]1 !n ,pr9cipal        
,assi/ant ,eng9e]1 ,new ,j]sey          
,division1 ,p5nsylvania ,railroad       
,company1 n[ ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,hudson       
,division2 & approv$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4    

,%&1 ,*ief ,eng9e]1 ,p5nsylvania        
,railroad ,company1 & ,*ief ,eng9e]1    
,mead[s ,division1 ,p5nsylvania ,tunnel 
& ,t]m9al ,railroad ,company4           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvii4--,plan (  
,h>rison ,y>d  ,mead[s ,division1       
,p5nsylvania ,tunnel & ,t]m9al          
,railroad4--,! two ma9 tracks asc5d+    
?r\gh ! ,h>rison ,y>d cont9ue on an     
embankm5t to a po9t #ejj ft4 we/ ( ! we/
 abutm5t ( ! bridge ov] ! ,new ,york    
,division tracks1 :i* is ! po9t ( beg9n+
 ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,tunnel & ,t]m9al     
,railroad4 ,f ?is po9t ! l9e ext5ds 9 a 
g5]al nor!a/]ly direction1 cross+ !     
,hack5sack ,riv]1 skirt+ ! base ( ,snake
 ,hill1 & !nce to ! approa* cut to ,b]g5
 ,hill ,tunnels4 ,! embankm5t v>ies 9   
height f #be to #cj ft4 above ! surface 
( ! mead[s4  ,9 ?is ,division ! foll[+  
bridges 7 necess>y3       ,p5nsylvania  
,railroad1 ,new ,york ,division1        
,pass5g] & ,new>k      ,freight ,tracks2
       ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n   
,railroad1 ,morris & ,essex             

,division2       ,new>k & ,j]sey ,city  
,turnpike2       ,public ,s]vice        
,corporation ,"r ( ,way2       ,erie    
,railroad1 ,new>k & ,pat]son ,bran*2    
,belleville ,road1 & ,j]sey ,city ,wat] 
,company's ,pipe ,l9e2       ,gre5wood  
,lake ,railroad 7,erie ,railroad71      
,arl+ton ,bran*2       ,hack5sack ,riv]2
       ,gre5wood ,lake ,railroad 7,erie 
,railroad71 ,recon/ruct$ ,l9e2          
,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n          
,railroad1 ,boonton ,bran*2       ,erie 
,railroad1 ,pass5g] ,tracks2            
,bridge ( #aa spans ov] propos$ y>d     
tracks1 ,erie ,railroad2       ,c\nty   
,road2       ,secaucus ,road2       ,new
 ,york1 ,susquehanna & ,we/]n ,railroad2
       ,nor!rn ,railroad ( ,new ,j]sey4 
,! alignm5t = ?is di/ance consi/s (     
#c4eg miles ( tang5t & ?ree curves1 two 
( :i* are #j #cj' ea*1 "o ( ! latt] be+ 
at ! we/]n end ( ! ,division1 & ! o!r   
adjo9+ ,snake ,hill2 ! ?ird is a regul> 
curve ( #a #ed' on ! ea/-b\nd track1 & a
 comp\nd curve ) a maximum ( #b on !    

we/-b\nd track1 ! v>iation be+ due to ! 
track spac+ ( #cg ft4 f c5t] to c5t] 9 !
 ,b]g5 ,hill ,tunnels1 :ile on ! ,mead[s
 ,division x is #ac ft4 f c5t] to c5t]4 
,! pr(ile 0 adopt$ to give #ah ft4 (    
cle>ance f ! "u side ( ! bridges to !   
top ( ! rail ( ! ,erie ,railroad        
bran*es1 #ba ft4 to ! top ( ! rail ( its
 ma9 l9e1 #ai ft4 to ! top ( ! rail ( ! 
,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n          
,railroad1 & a cle>ance ( #bd ft4 above 
high wat] 9 ! ,hack5sack ,riv]4 ,) !    
exception ( t portion ( ! l9e adjo9+ !  
,b]g5 ,hill ,tunnels1 :]e x 0 necess>y  
to cont9ue ! #a4c grade up to ! bridge  
ov] ! ,nor!rn ,railroad ( ,new ,j]sey1 &
 ! ea/-b\nd asc5d+ grade ( #j4e f !     
,h>rison plat=ms to ! bridge ov] ! ,new 
,york ,division tracks1 ! grades d n    
exce$ #j4c p] c5t4  ,:5 ! con/ruction ( 
! embankm5t 0 comm5c$1 x 0 expect$ t !re
 w\ld be consid]able tr\ble by settlem5t
 due to ! displacem5t ( ! s(t mat]ial   
und]ly+ ! surface ( ! mead[s to a dep? (
 f #aj to #ae ft42 b1 ) ! exception ( ! 

tr\ble ! contractors _h 9 ma9ta9+ _!    
tempor>y tre/les1 ! embankm5t z complet$
 has settl$ v little4 ,! section ea/ ( !
 ,hack5sack ,riv] 0 made1 9 great "p1 ( 
rock excavat$ f a borr[-pit 9 ! ,t[n (  
,secaucus1 nor? ( ! ea/]n end ( !       
,division4 ,! embankm5t 0 built "u two  
contracts1 "o = ! "w ea/ ( ! cross+ ( ! 
,boonton ,bran* ( ! ,delaw>e1           
,lackawanna & ,we/]n ,railroad1 "u      
contract dat$ ,janu>y #ae?1 #aijg1 ) ,h4
 ,s4 ,k]baugh1 ,incorporat$1 ! mat]ial  
be+ tak5 f ! borr[-pit 9 n>r[-gauge c>s 
& dump$ f a /rong pile tre/le along !   
total l5g? ( ! section1 ! same be+      
complet$ 9 #ai mon?s2 ! o!r = !         
embankm5t we/ ( ! ,boonton ,bran*1      
,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n          
,railroad1 "u contract dat$ ,april #aj?1
 #aijf1 ) ,h5ry ,/e]s1 ,incorporat$1 (  
,new ,york ,city1 ! mat]ial1 consi/+    
p>tly ( cell> e>?1 & p>tly ( rock & e>? 
excavat$ f o!r sections ( ! ,p5nsylvania
 ,tunnel & ,t]m9al ,railroad1 be+ br\ght
 on sc[s up ! ,hack5sack & ,passaic     

,riv]s f ,new ,york ,city4 ,! mat]ial 0 
h&l$ exp$iti\sly f ! sc[s by orange-peel
 buckets op]at$ f ! %ore1 deposit$ 9    
/&>d-gauge dump-c>s1 & transport$ by    
locomotives at "o "t us$ on ! elevat$   
railroads 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,no       
excavation :atev] 0 requir$ on ! ,mead[s
 ,division or 9 ! ,h>rison ,y>d4        
,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xviii4--,details
 ( ,%elt]s & ,plat=ms1 ,h>rison ,transf]
 ,/ation4  ,illu/ration3 ,,plate        
,,xix4--,details ( ,%elt]s & ,plat=ms1  
,h>rison ,transf] ,/ation4  ,!          
sub/ructures = all ! bridges1 except !  
,hack5sack ,riv] ,draw-bridge1 are (    
concrete1 )\t re9=cem5t1 heavy en\gh to 
)/& ! ord9>y e>? pressure = ! expos$    
height4 ,) ! exception ( ?ree bridges1  
f\ndations 7 built on clay & s&2 ^!     
?ree1 on acc\nt ( excessive dep? ( s(t  
mat]ial1 7 built on piles4 ,9 "s cases  
loose /one 0 deposit$ back ( !          
f\ndations = a wid? ( #aj or #ab ft4    
aft] ! mud _h be5 remov$4 ,?is          
precaution has prev5t$ tr\ble due to !  

?ru/ ( ! high embankm5ts on ! saturat$  
mat]ial4 ,masonry = all ^! bridges 0    
con/ruct$ "u contract dat$ ,augu/ #ba/1 
#aije1 ) ,mc,mullen & ,mc,dermott1 (    
,new ,york ,city4 ,! sup]/ructure       
consi/$ pr9cipally ( half-?r\gh gird]s1 
floor ( ,i-beams1 fill$ solid )         
concrete1 on top ( :i* 7 plac$ five     
lay]s ( ,hydrex felt1 & wat]-pro(+      
comp\nd1 protect$ by a lay] ( s& & gr\t$
 brick f ! /one balla/4  ,! bridges ov] 
! ,new ,york ,division pass5g] & ,new>k 
freight tracks ( ! ,p5nsylvania         
,railroad1 & ! ma9-l9e tracks ( !       
,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna & ,we/]n          
,railroad1 at ! we/ end ( ! ,mead[s     
,division1 are sep>at$ by #cjj ft4 (    
embankm5t4 ,! skew angle is #i1 ! total 
l5g? ( ea* bridge be+ ab\t #dej ft4 ,!  
floors consi/ ( ,i-beams emb$d$ 9       
concrete4  ,! ,hack5sack ,riv]          
,draw-bridge consi/s ( six spans ( deck 
plate gird]s1 ea* #aaj ft4 long1 & a    
draw-span #cjj ft4 long1 op]at$ by two  
#gj-;h4p4 electric motors4 ,! masonry 0 

con/ruct$ "u contract dat$ ,augu/ #be?1 
#aije1 ) ! ,drake & ,/ratton ,company1 (
 ,philadelphia2 & ! /eelwork 0 furni%$ &
 erect$ by ! ,p5nsylvania ,/eel         
,company1 ( ,/eelton1 ,pa4 ,an important
 & int]e/+ feature ( ! draw-bridge is ! 
lift rail1 & new rail-lock+ device4     
,mit]$ rails are us$1 ) suffici5t op5+  
betwe5 ! ends to prev5t b9d+ at times ( 
expansion4 ,x 0 deem$ advisable t !     
mit]$ jo9t %\ld occur on ! abutm5t1 or  
fix$ span1 in/ead ( at ! op5+ at ! end (
 ! draw4 ,! lift rail1 !re=e1 0 a       
necessity2 & ! design1 z %[n on ,plate  
,,xx1 0 p]fect$4 ,x consi/s (           
lift-rails1 #h ft4 #d 94 long1 mov+     
v]tically #h 94 at ! free end1 re9=c$ on
 bo? sides by slid+ /eel ca/+s1 :i* are 
lift$ ) ! rail2 :5 ! latt] is dropp$ 9  
place1 ! w$ges on ! ca/+s engage at !   
abutm5t & heel jo9ts & at "o int]m$iate 
po9t 9 dove-tail$ w$ge seats1 insur+    
tight contact ) ! rail1 & absolute fa/5+
 to ! deck ( ! bridge4 ,! objection to !
 ord9>y lift-rail1 :i* 9 l[]+ mu/ make  

its own jo9t by seat+ 9 tight boxes1 has
 be5 t any slight deviation f a true l9e
 w\ld prev5t ! rail f seat+ itself      
prop]ly4 ,?is objection has be5 entirely
 ov]come 9 ?is design1 by all[+ lib]al  
cle>ance on all seats1 & secur+ rigidity
 by ! slid+ b>s & w$ges :i* are connect$
 ) ! int]-lock+ sy/em1 s t x is         
impossible = a cle> signal to be giv5   
unless ! lift-rails & w$ges are 9 _!    
prop] positions4 ,?is device has be5    
op]at$ successfully on ! ,new ,york &   
,long ,bran* ,railroad bridge ov]       
,r>itan ,bay = ! la/ #ah mon?s4  ,ea* ( 
! two ma9 tracks on ! ,mead[s ,division1
 & all ! ma9 tracks 9 ! ,h>rison        
,transf] ,y>d1 are ( /&>d con/ruction1 )
 ,p5nsylvania ,section1 #aiji1 #ajj-lb41
 op5-he>? /eel rails1 & /one balla/4 ,e 
fif? tie is made #i ft4 #e 94 long1 to  
c>ry ! ?ird rail = ! electric curr5t1 & 
all jo9ts ( ! runn+ rails are bond$ = ! 
same purpose4 ,track-lay+ on ! ,mead[s1 
& 9 ,h>rison ,transf] ,y>d1 has be5 done
 "u contract dat$ ,april #bf?1 #aiji1 ) 

,h5ry ,/e]s1 ,incorporat$1 ( ,new ,york 
,city4  ,samuel ,rea1 ,m4 ,am4 ,soc4 ,c4
 ,e41 ,second ,vice-,presid5t1          
,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company1 is !   
executive (fic] "u ^: direction ! "w has
 be5 c>ri$ on4 ,mr4 ,william ,h4 ,br[n1 
,*ief ,eng9e]1 ,p5nsylvania ,railroad   
,company1 & ,*ief ,eng9e] ( ! ,mead[s   
,division1 also a ,memb] ( ! ,bo>d (    
,consult+ ,eng9e]s = ! tunnel ext5sion1 
until 8 retirem5t by age limit on       
,febru>y #bh?1 #aijf1 locat$ & />t$ !   
con/ruction ( ! l9e f ,h>rison to !     
we/]n portals ( ! ,b]g5 ,hill ,tunnels1 
:i* latt] po9t 0 ! we/]nmo/ limit (     
au?ority ( ! ,bo>d ( ,consult+ ,eng9e]s4
 ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,%& succe$$ ,mr4 ,br[n z  
,*ief ,eng9e] ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad
 ,company1 & z ,*ief ,eng9e] ( ! ,mead[s
 ,division1 ) ! writ]1 :o 0 ,assi/ant   
,*ief ,eng9e] ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad
 ,company1 & _h be5 closely associat$ ) 
,mr4 ,br[n at ! "t ( ! location ( ! l9e 
& its e>li] p]iod ( con/ruction4 ,h4 ,e4
 ,leon>d1 ,m4 ,am4 ,soc4 ,c4 ,e41       

,eng9e] ( ,bridges & ,build+s1          
,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company1 design$
 ! ,hack5sack ,riv] ,bridge1 !          
sup]/ructures ( ! o!r bridges1 & !      
rail-lock+ device on ! ,hack5sack ,riv] 
,draw-bridge4 ,! surveys & con/ruction (
 ! ,mead[s ,division & ( ! ,h>rison     
,transf] ,y>d h be5 9 *>ge ( ,mr4       
,william ,c4 ,b[les1 ,eng9e] (          
,con/ruction4  ,illu/ration3 ,,plate    
,,xx1 ,,fig4 #a4--,,lift ,,rail ,,&     
,,lock+ ,,device1 ,,draw ,,p>tly ,,op54 
,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xx1 ,,fig4      
#b4--,,lift ,,rail ,,& ,,lock+ ,,device1
 ,,draw ,,clos$4  ,,footnotes3          
,footnote ,a3 ,pres5t$ at ! meet+ (     
,june #a/1 #aiaj4