,,fr5* ,,poli%+ ,,& ,,enamell+  ,a      
,practical ,"w ( ,in/ruction  ,,includ+ 
,,num]\s ,,recipes ,,= ,,mak+ ,,poli%es1
 ,,v>ni%es1 ,,glaze-,,lacqu]s1          
,,reviv]s1 ,,etc4  ,,by ,,ri*>d         
,,bitmead  ,,au?or ,,( ,,!              
,,cab9et-,,mak]',s ,,guide1 ,,!         
,,uphol/]]',s ,,guide1 ,,etc4 ,f\r?     
,edition  ,illu/ration3 ,capio ,lum5    
,,london ,,crosby ,,lockwood ,,& ,,son  
#g1 ,,/ation]s' ,,hall ,,c\rt1 ,,ludgate
 ,,hill #aiaj  ,all rights res]v$       
,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,william ,,cl[es ,,&      
,,sons1 ,,limit$1 ,,london ,,&          
,,beccles4     ,,au?or',s ,,preface4    
,e>ly 9 ! pres5t c5tury ! me?od g5]ally 
adopt$ = poli%+ furniture 0 by rubb+ )  
beeswax & turp5t9e or ) l9se$-oil4 ,t   
process1 h[ev]1 0 nev] consid]$ to be v 
satisfactory1 :i* fact probably l$ to   
exp]im5ts be+ made = ! discov]y ( an    
improvem5t4 ,! fir/ intimation ( success
 9 ?is direction appe>$ 9 ! ,me*anic's  
,magaz9e ( ,novemb] #bb1 #ahbc1 & ran z 
foll[s3 ,! ,p>isians h n[ introduc$ an  

entirely new mode ( poli%+1 :i* is call$
 plaque1 & is to wood precisely :at     
plat+ is to metal4 ,! wood by "s process
 is made to resemble m>ble1 & has all ! 
beauty ( t article ) mu* ( its solidity4
 ,x is ev5 ass]t$ by p]sons :o h made   
trial ( ! new mode t wat] may be spill$ 
^u x )\t /a9+ x4 ,su* 0 ! ann\ncem5t (  
an inv5tion :i* 0 de/9$ ultimately to   
become a new indu/ry4  ,! foll[+ pages  
comm5ce ) a description ( ! art ( ,fr5* 
,poli%+ 9 its e>lie/ infancy1 c>e hav+  
be5 tak5 by ! ,au?or1 to ! be/ ( 8      
ability1 to note all ! new processes &  
manipulations1 z well z to concisely &  
p]spicu\sly arrange & describe ! v>i\s  
mat]ials employ$1 n only = ,fr5* poli%+ 
b = ! improv+ & prep>ation ( furniture  
woods1 a matt] ( great importance to !  
poli%]4 ,! arts ( ,/a9+ & ,imitat+1     
:]eby inf]ior woods are made to resemble
 ! mo/ co/ly1 are also fully treat$1 z  
well z ! processes ( ,enamell+1 bo? 9   
oil-v>ni%es & ,fr5* poli%1 toge!r ) !   
me?od ( decorat+ ! same4 ,! condition ( 

! art ( poli%+ 9 ,am]ica is dwelt ^u1 & 
v>i\s int]e/+ articles writt5 by        
practical poli%]s 9 ! ,/ates1 :i* appe>$
 9 _! trade j\rnal1 ,! ,cab9et-mak]1 h  
be5 revis$ & pr9t$ 9 ?is "w4  ,a numb] (
 valuable recipes1 & o!r in/ructive     
matt]1 useful alike to ! amateur & to ! 
practical workman1 are also giv54       
,,cont5ts4     ,,*apt] ,i4   ,,!        
,,improv+ ,,& ,,prep>ation ,,(          
,,furniture ,,woods4          ,,page    
,improv+                                
#b   ,mat*+                             
#c   ,pa9t+                             
#e   ,dy$ ,poli%es                      
#f     ,,*apt] ,,ii4   ,,/a9s ,,&       
,,imitations4   ,imitation ,mahogany    
#h   ,imitation ,rosewood               
#h   ,imitation ,walnut                 
#i   ,imitation ,ebony                  
#aj   ,imitation ,oak                   
#aa   ,imitation ,sat9-wood             
#ab   ,a ,blue ,/a9                     
#ac   ,a ,gre5 ,/a9                     
#ac   ,a ,purple ,/a9                   

#ac   ,a ,r$ ,/a9                       
#ad   ,imitation ,purple-wood ,/a9      
#ad   ,*emicals us$ 9 ,/a9+             
#ae   ,process ( ,/a9+                  
#af   ,ready-made ,wood ,/a9s           
#ag     ,,*apt] ,,iii4   ,,fr5*         
,,poli%+4   ,! ,poli% ,us$              
#ah   ,rubb]s                           
#bb   ,position                         
#bd   ,fill+-9                          
#be   ,apply+ ! ,poli%                  
#bf   ,spirit+-(f                       
#cj   ,prep>$ ,spirits                  
#cb   ,antique ,/yle                    
#cb   ,dull or ,egg-%ell ,poli%         
#cc   ,poli%+ 9 ! ,la!                  
#cd     ,,*apt] ,,iv4   ,,*eap ,,"w4    
,glaz+                                  
#cg   ,/5cill+                          
#ci   ,*>coal ,poli%+                   
#dj     ,,*apt] ,v4   ,,re-,,poli%+     
,,old ,,"w                              
#db     ,,*apt] ,,vi4   ,,_s ,,v>ni%+4  
,v>ni%es                                
#df   ,bru%es & ,p5cils                 

#dg   ,mode ( ,op]ation                 
#dg   ,ea/ ,indian ,v>ni%es             
#dh     ,,*apt] ,,vii4   ,,g5]al        
,,in/ructions4   ,rem>ks on ,poli%+     
#ea   ,! ,poli%+ ,%op                   
#eb     ,,*apt] ,,viii4   ,,enamell+4   
,mat]ials                               
#eg   ,tools                            
#eh   ,mode ( ,op]ation                 
#eh   ,poli%+                           
#fj   ,ano!r ,process                   
#fa   ,decorations                      
#fc     ,,*apt] ,,ix4   ,,am]ican       
,,poli%+ ,,processes4   ,use ( ,fill]s  
#fe   ,mak+ ,fill]s                     
#gj     ,japan ( ! ,be/ ,quality        
#gj     ,fill+s = ,light ,woods         
#gj     ,ano!r = ,light ,woods          
#gj     ,= ,mahogany or ,*]ry ,wood     
#ga     ,= ,oak ,wood                   
#ga     ,= ,rosewood                    
#ga     ,= ,black ,walnut 7#a7          
#ga                     7#b7            
#ga     ,an ,oil ,col\r = ,black ,walnut
 7#c7                          #gb      

,f9i%+                                  
#gc   ,black ,walnut ,f9i%+             
#ge   ,f9i%+ ,v5e]$ ,panels1 etc4       
#gh     ,light ,woods 7,dead ,f9i%7     
#gi     ,mahogany or ,*]ry ,wood        
#gi     ,oak                            
#gi     ,rosewood1 ,corom&el1 or ,k+wood
 7a ,bright ,f9i%7         #gi          
,walnut                                 
#hj   ,f9i%+ ,*eap ,"w                  
#ha     ,) ,"o ,coat ( ,v>ni%           
#ha     ,wax ,f9i%+                     
#hb     ,a ,v>ni% ,poli%                
#hb     ,) ,copal or ,zanzib> ,v>ni%    
#hc   ,poli%+ ,v>ni%                    
#he   ,an ,am]ican ,poli% ,reviv]       
#hf     ,,*apt] ,x4   ,,miscellane\s    
,,recipes4   ,oil ,poli%                
#hg   ,wax ,poli%                       
#hg   ,wat]pro( ,fr5* ,poli%            
#hh   ,v>ni% = ,musical ,in/rum5ts      
#hh   ,fr5* ,v>ni% = ,cab9et-"w         
#hi   ,ma/ic ,v>ni%                     
#hi   ,cab9et-mak]'s ,v>ni%             
#ij   ,amb] ,v>ni%                      

#ij   ,col\rless ,v>ni% ) ,copal        
#ij   ,se$lac ,v>ni%                    
#ia   ,pat5t ,v>ni% = ,wood or ,canvas  
#ia   ,copal ,v>ni%                     
#ia   ,c>riage ,v>ni%                   
#ib   ,transp>5t ,v>ni%                 
#ib   ,cry/al ,v>ni% = ,maps1 etc4      
#ib   ,black ,v>ni%                     
#ib   ,black ,poli%                     
#ic   ,v>ni% = ,iron                    
#ic   ,v>ni% = ,tools                   
#ic   ,to ,make ,labels ,adh]e to a     
,poli%$ ,surface                   #id  
,to ,remove ,fr5* ,poli% or ,v>ni% f    
,old ,"w              #id   ,col\r+ =   
,c>case ,"w                             
#id   ,*eap b ,valuable ,/a9 = ! ,sap ( 
,black ,walnut          #ie   ,poli%    
7,am]ican7 = ,remov+ ,/a9s1 etc41 f     
,furniture   #if   ,walnut ,/a9 to be   
us$ on ,p9e & ,:ite-wood                
#if   ,rosewood ,/a9                    
#ig   ,rosewood ,/a9 = ,cane ,"w1 etc4  
#ig   ,fr5* ,poli% ,reviv]              
#ih   ,morocco ,lea!r ,reviv]           

#ih   ,hair-clo? ,reviv]                
#ii   ,to ,remove ,grease ,/a9s f       
,silks1 ,damasks1 ,clo?1 etc4      #ii  
,to ,remove ,ink ,/a9s f ,:ite ,m>ble   
#ii     ,,*apt] ,,xi4   ,,mat]ials      
,,us$4   ,alkanet-root                  
#ajj   ,madd]-root                      
#ajj   ,r$-s&]s                         
#aja   ,logwood                         
#aja   ,fu/ic                           
#ajb   ,turm]ic                         
#ajb   ,indigo                          
#ajc   ,p]sian ,b]ries                  
#ajc   ,nut-galls                       
#ajc   ,cate*u                          
#ajc   ,?us                             
#ajd   ,s&>a*                           
#ajd   ,ma/ic                           
#ajd   ,b5zo9                           
#ajd   ,copal                           
#aje   ,dragon's ,blood                 
#ajf   ,%ellac                          
#ajf   ,amb]                            
#ajg   ,pumice-/one                     
#ajg   ,l9se$-oil                       

#ajh   ,v5ice ,turp5t9e                 
#aaj   ,oil ( ,turp5t9e                 
#aaj   ,me?ylat$ ,spirits               
#aaj     ,,fr5* ,,poli%+  ,,&           
,,enamell+4  ,,*apt] ,i4  ,,! ,,improv+ 
,,& ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,furniture        
,,woods4   ,= a ,fr5* poli%] to be      
consid]$ a good workman he %\ld1 9      
addition to 8 ord9>y ability to lay on a
 good poli%1 possess consid]able k ( !  
v>i\s k9ds ( wood us$ = furniture1 z    
well z ! mo/ approv$ me?od ( br++ out to
 ! fulle/ ext5t _! natural tones or     
t9ts2 he %\ld also be able to improve ! 
inf]ior k9ds ( wood1 & to /a91 blea*1 or
 mat* any ( ! fancy mat]ials to :i* 8   
art is appli$1 9 a mann] t w produce !  
greate/ p]fection4 ,! foll[+ in=mation  
is giv5 to facilitate a ?or\gh k ( !    
above processes4   ,improv+4--,iron     
fil+s add$ to a decoction ( gall-nuts & 
v9eg> w give to ebony :i* has be5       
discol\r$ an int5se black1 aft] bru%+   
ov] once or twice4 ,walnut or           
poor-col\r$ rosewood c be improv$ by    

boil+ half an ounce ( walnut-%ell       
extract & ! same quantity ( cate*u 9 a  
qu>t ( s(t-wat]1 & apply+ ) a sponge4   
,half a p\nd ( walnut husks & a l       
quantity ( oak b>k boil$ 9 half a gallon
 ( wat] w produce mu* ! same result4    
,common mahogany c be improv$ by rubb+ x
 ) p[d]$ r$-*alk 7ruddle7 & a wooll5    
rag1 or by fir/ wip+ ! surface ) liquid 
ammonia1 & r$-oil+ aft]w>ds4 ,= a ri*   
mild r$ col\r1 rectifi$ spirits (       
naph?a1 dy$ ) camwood du/1 or an oily   
decoction ( alkanet-root4 ,me?ylat$     
spirits & a small quantity ( dragon's   
blood w also produce a mild r$4 ,any    
yell[ wood c be improv$ by an alcoholic 
solution ( ,p]sian b]ries1 fu/ic1       
turm]ic1 or gamboge4 ,an aque\s         
decoction ( b>b]ry-root w s]ve ! same   
purpose4 ,bir* :5 pref]r$ a w>m t9t may 
be spong$ ) oil1 v slightly t9t$ )      
rose-madd] or ,v5etian r$2 ! greate/ c>e
 %\ld be us$1 or x w be r5d]$ unnatural 
9 appe>ance by becom+ too r$4 ,maple :i*
 is ( a dirty-br[n col\r1 or ( a cold   

grey t9t1 & mahogany1 a%1 oak1 or any ( 
! light-col\r$ woods1 c be :it5$ by !   
blea*+ fluid 7see ,,mat*+74 ,num]\s     
mat]ials may be improv$ by ! aid ( raw  
l9se$-oil mix$ ) a little spirits (     
turp5t9e4 ,artificial gra9+ may be giv5 
to v>i\s woods by means ( a camel-hair  
p5cil & raw oil2 two or ?ree coats %\ld 
be giv51 & aft] /&+ = "s "t ! gr\nd %\ld
 h "o coat ( oil mu* dilut$ ) spirits ( 
turp5t9e1 & !n rubb$ (f4   ,mat*+4--,old
 mahogany furniture :i* has be5 repair$ 
may be easily mat*$ by wip+ ov] ! new   
portions ) wat] 9 :i* a nodule ( lime   
has be5 dissolv$1 or by common soda &   
wat]4 ,! d>k5]s = g5]al use are dy$     
oils1 logwood1 aqua=tis1 sulphate (     
iron1 & nitrate ( silv]1 ) exposure to !
 sun's rays4 ,= new furniture 9 oak1 a%1
 maple1 etc41 ! process ( mat*+ requires
 c>e & skill4 ,:5 x is desirable to r5d]
 all ! p>ts 9 a piece ( furniture ( "o  
uni=m tone or t9t1 blea* ! d>k p>ts ) a 
solution ( oxalic acid dissolv$ 9 hot   
wat] 7ab\t two-p5nywor? ( acid to half a

 p9t ( wat] is a p[]ful solution72 :5   
dry1 if ?is %\ld n be suffici5t1 apply !
 :ite /a9 7see pp4 #aa1 #ab7 delicately 
ton$ d[n1 or ! light p>ts may be oil$4  
,= pres]v+ ! int]m$iate tones1 coat !m )
 :ite poli% by means ( a camel-hair     
p5cil4 ,on num]\s woods1 c>bonate ( soda
 & bi*romate ( pota% are v effective z  
d>k5]s1 z are also o!r prep>ations ( an 
acid or alkal9e nature1 b ! two giv5    
above are ! be/4  ,a good way ( prep>+  
^! d>k5]s1 says ! ,fr5* ,poli%]'s       
,manual1 an excell5t little "w publi%$ 9
 ,p]? "s ye>s s9ce1 is to procure       
twop5nywor? ( c>bonate ( soda 9 p[d]1 & 
dissolve x 9 half a p9t ( boil+ wat]2 !n
 h ready ?ree bottles1 & label !m "o1   
two1 ?ree4 ,into "o put half ! solution1
 & into ! o!r two half a gill ea*2 to   
numb] two add an additional gill ( wat]1
 & to numb] ?ree two gills4 ,!n get !   
same quantity ( bi*romate ( pota%1 &    
prep>e x 9 a l mann]2 y w !n h six /a9+ 
fluids = procur+ a s]ies ( br[n & d>k   
t9ts suitable = ne>ly all classes (     

wood4  ,! bi*romate ( pota% is useful to
 d>k5 oak1 walnut1 bee*1 or mahogany1 b 
if appli$ to a% x r5d]s x ( a gre5i%    
ca/4 ,if a sappy piece ( walnut %\ld be 
us$ ei!r 9 ! solid or v5e]1 d>k5 x to   
mat* ! gr\nd col\r1 & !n fill 9 ! d>k   
m>k+s ) a fea!r & ! black /a9 7see pp4  
#aj1 #aa74 ,! c>bonate solutions are    
g5]ally us$ = d>k surfaces1 su* z       
rosewood repres5ts1 & a /ill d>k] %ade c
 be giv5 to any "o by oil+ ov] aft] !   
/a9 is dry4 ,! bett] way ( us+ ^!       
*emical /a9s is to p\r out into a sauc] 
z mu* z w s]ve ! purpose1 & to apply x  
quickly ) a sponge rubb$ rapidly & ev5ly
 ov] ! surface1 & rubb$ (f dry          
imm$iately ) old rags4 ,d>k & light     
portions1 betwe5 :i* ! contra/ is       
slight1 may be made to mat* by v>ni%+ ! 
=m] & d>k5+ ! latt] ) oil1 :i* %\ld     
rema9 on x suffici5tly long2 by ?is     
means ! diff]5t portions may frequ5tly  
be made to mat* )\t hav+ rec\rse to     
blea*+ or /a9+4   ,pa9t+4--,! next      
process is pa9t+4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s 9 

cab9et "w t a faulty place is n discov]$
 until aft] ! "w is clean$ (f2 ! skill (
 ! poli%] is !n requir$ to pa9t x to    
mat* ! o!r4 ,a box conta9+ ! foll[+     
col\rs 9 p[d] w be f\nd ( great utility1
 & :5 requir$ = use !y %\ld be mix$ )   
,fr5* poli% & appli$ ) a bru%4 ,!       
pigm5ts mo/ suitable are3 drop black1   
raw si5na1 raw & burnt umb]1 ,v&yke     
br[n1 ,fr5* ,naples yell[ 7be> 9 m9d t  
?is is a v opaque pigm5t71 cadmium      
yell[1 madd] c>m9e 7^! are exp5sive71   
flake :ite1 & light or ,v5etian r$2 be=e
 mix+1 ! col\rs %\ld be f9ely p\nd$4 ,! 
above me?od ( pa9t+1 h[ev]1 has ?is     
objection = ! be/ class ( furniture1 t !
 effects ( "t w d>k5 ! body ( ! piece ( 
furniture1 :il/ ! pa9t$ portion w rema9 
v ne>ly its orig9al col\r4 ,9 fir/-class
 "w1 !re=e1 /a9$ poli%es or v>ni%es %\ld
 be appli$ in/ead ( ^! pigm5ts4   ,dy$  
,poli%es4--,! me?ods ( dye+ poli% or    
v>ni% are z foll[s3 = a r$1 put a little
 alkanet-root or camwood du/ into a     
bottle conta9+ poli% or v>ni%2 = a      

bright yell[1 a small piece ( aloes2 = a
 yell[1 gr\nd turm]ic or gamboge2 = a   
br[n1 c>bonate ( soda & a v small       
quantity ( dragon's blood2 & = a black1 
a few logwood *ips1 gall-nuts1 &        
copp]as1 or by ! addition ( gas-black4  
,! anil9e dyes 7black except$7 are v    
valuable = dye+ poli%es1 ! mo/ useful   
be+ ,turkey-r$1 sultan r$1 purple1 &    
br[n4 ,a small portion is put into !    
poli%1 :i* soon dissolves x1 & no /ra9+ 
is requir$4 ,! *eape/ way to pur*ase ^! 
dyes is by ! ounce or half-ounce4 ,!    
p5ny packets sold by *emi/s are too     
exp5sive1 al?\gh a little goes a long   
way4     ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,/a9s ,,&      
,,imitations4   ,9 consequ5ce ( ! high  
price dem&$ = furniture made ( ! co/ly  
woods1 ! art ( ! *emi/ has be5 call$    
into requisition to produce ^u ! inf]ior
 woods an analog\s effect at a trifl+   
exp5se4 ,! mat]ials employ$ 9 !         
artificial col\r+ ( wood are bo? m9]al &
 vegetable2 ! m9]al is ! mo/ p]man5t1 & 
:5 caus$ by *emical decomposition )9 !  

pores x acts z a pres]vative ag5t 9 a   
great] or less degree4 ,! vegetable     
col\r+ matt]s d n p5etrate s easily1    
probably on acc\nt ( ! aff9ity ( ! woody
 fibre = ! col\r+ matt]1 :]eby ! :ole ( 
! latt] is tak5 up by ! p>ts ( ! wood ) 
:i* x fir/ comes into contact4 ,diff]5t 
int]m$iate %ades1 9 great v>iety1 may be
 obta9$ by comb9ations ( col\r+ matt]s1 
accord+ to ! t9t desir$1 & ! ideas ( !  
/a9]4 ,! processes te*nically kn[n z    
gr\nd+ & +ra9+ are p>tly *emical & p>tly
 me*anical1 & are design$ to tea* !     
v>i\s modes ( op]ation :]eby ! above    
effects c be produc$4 ,we w comm5ce )   
,imitation ,mahogany4--,half a p\nd (   
madd]-root1 & two ounces ( logwood *ips 
boil$ 9 a gallon ( wat]4 ,bru% ov] :ile 
hot2 :5 dry1 g ov] x ) a solution (     
pe>la%1 a dra*m to a p9t4 ,bee* or bir*1
 bru%$ ) aqua=tis 9 sweep+ regul>       
/rokes1 & imm$iately dri$ 9 front ( a   
good fire1 =m v good imitations ( old   
wood4 ,v5etian r$ mix$ ) raw l9se$-oil  
also =ms a good /a94  ,! foll[+ is a    

me?od 9 common use by ,fr5*             
cab9et-mak]s4 ,! :ite wood is fir/ bru%$
 ov] ) a dilut$ solution ( nitr\s acid2 
next1 ) a solution made ( me?ylat$      
spirits "o gill1 c>bonate ( soda        
?ree-qu>t]s ( an ounce1 & dragon's blood
 a qu>t] ( an ounce2 & a little r$ t9t  
is add$ to ! v>ni% or poli% us$         
aft]w>ds4 ,black ,am]ican walnut c be   
made to imitate mahogany by bru%+ x ov] 
) a weak solution ( nitric acid4        
,imitation ,rosewood4--,boil half a p\nd
 ( logwood *ips 9 ?ree p9ts ( wat] until
 ! decoction is a v d>k r$2 !n add an   
ounce ( salt ( t>t>4 ,give ! "w ?ree    
coats boil+ hot2 !n ) a gra9+ tool or a 
fea!r fill 9 ! d>k m>k+s ) ! black /a94 
,a /a9 ( a v bright %ade c be made )    
me?ylat$ spirits half a gallon1 camwood 
?ree-qu>t]s ( a p\nd1 r$-s&]s a qu>t] ( 
a p\nd1 extract ( logwood half a p\nd1  
aqua=tis "o ounce4 ,:5 dissolv$1 x is   
ready = use4 ,?is makes a v bright      
gr\nd4 ,x %\ld be appli$ 9 ?ree coats   
ov] ! :ole surface1 & :5 dry x is       

glass-pap]$ d[n ) f9e pap] to a smoo?   
surface1 & is !n ready = gra9+4 ,!      
fibril ve9s are produc$ by pass+ a gra9+
 tool ) a slight vibratory motion1 s z  
to effect ! natural-look+ /reaks1 us+ ! 
black /a94 ,a coat ( ! bi*romate ( pota%
 solution ref]r$ to on page #d w make   
wildly-figur$ mahogany h ! appe>ance (  
rosewood4   ,imitation ,walnut4--,a     
mixture ( two p>ts ( br[n umb] & "o "p (
 sulphuric acid1 ) spirits ( w9e or     
me?ylat$ spirits add$ until x is        
suffici5tly fluid1 w s]ve = :ite wood4  
,%[y elm-wood1 aft] be+ delicately d>k5$
 ) ! bi*romate solution ,no4 #a1 page   
#d1 w pass = walnut2 x is usually appli$
 on ! *eap loo-table pill>s1 :i* are    
made ( elm-wood4 ,equal portions ( !    
bi*romate & c>bonate solutions 7see page
 #d71 us$ ^u ,am]ican p9e1 w h a v good 
effect4  ,ano!r me?od = imitat+ walnut  
is z foll[s3 ,"o "p 7by weight7 (       
walnut-%ell extract is dissolv$ 9 six   
p>ts ( s(t-wat]1 & sl[ly heat$ to boil+ 
until ! solution is complete4 ,! surface

 to be /a9$ is clean$ & dri$1 & !       
solution appli$ once or twice2 :5       
half-dry1 ! :ole is gone ov] aga9 ) "o  
"p ( *romate ( pota% boil$ 9 five p>ts (
 wat]4 ,x is !n dri$1 rubb$ d[n1 &      
poli%$ 9 ! ord9>y way4  ,! extract (    
walnut-%ells & *romate ( pota% are      
procurable at any l>ge druggi/'s        
e/abli%m5t4 ,a d>k-br[n is ! result ( ! 
action ( copp] salts on ! yell[         
prussiate ( pota%2 ! sulphate ( copp] 9 
s(t woods gives a pretty r$di%-br[n     
col\r1 9 /reaks & %ades1 & becomes v ri*
 aft] poli%+ or v>ni%+4 ,diff]5t        
solutions p5etrate ) diff]5t degrees (  
facility4 ,9 apply+1 = in/ance1 acetate 
( copp] & prussiate ( pota% to l>*1 !   
sap-wood is col\r$ mo/ :5 ! acetate is  
introduc$ fir/2 b :5 ! prussiate is fir/
 introduc$1 ! he>t-wood is ! mo/ deeply 
col\r$4 ,pyrolignite ( iron causes a    
d>k-grey col\r 9 bee*1 f ! action &     
tann9 9 ! wood on ! oxide ( iron2 :ile 9
 l>* x m]ely d>k5s ! natural col\r4 ,mo/
 ( ! t9ts1 especially ^? caus$ by !     

prussiates ( iron & copp]1 are improv$  
by ! exposure to light1 & ! ri*e/ col\rs
 are produc$ :5 ! process is c>ri$ out  
rapidly4   ,imitation ,ebony4--,take    
half a gallon ( /rong v9eg>1 "o p\nd (  
extract ( logwood1 a qu>t] ( a p\nd (   
copp]as1 two ounces ( ,*9a blue1 & "o   
ounce ( nut-gall4 ,put ^! into an iron  
pot1 & boil !m ov] a sl[ fire till !y   
are well dissolv$4 ,:5 cool1 ! mixture  
is ready = use4 ,add a gill ( iron fil+s
 /eep$ 9 v9eg>4 ,! above makes a p]fect 
jet black1 equal to ! be/ black ebony4  
,a v good black is obta9$ by a solution 
( sulphate ( copp] & nitric acid2 :5    
dry1 ! "w %\ld h a coat ( /rong logwood 
/a94   ,imitation ,oak4--,to imitate old
 oak1 ! process kn[n z fumigat+ is !    
be/4 ,?is is produc$ by two ounces (    
,am]ican pota% & two ounces ( pe>la%    
mix$ toge!r 9 a vessel conta9+ "o qu>t (
 hot wat]4  ,ano!r me?od is by dissolv+ 
a lump ( bi*romate ( pota% 9 w>m wat]2 !
 t9t c be v>i$ by add+ m wat]4 ,?is is  
be/ done out ( doors 9 a good light4 ,v 

(t5 9 s5d+ = bi*romate ( pota% a mi/ake 
is made1 & *romate ( pota% is procur$   
in/ead2 ?is is ( a yell[ col\r1 & w n   
answ] ! purpose4 ,! bi*romate ( pota% is
 ! mo/ p[]ful1 & is ( a r$ col\r4 ,a    
solution ( asphaltum 9 spirits (        
turp5t9e is frequ5tly us$ to d>k5 new   
oak :i* is int5d$ = pa9t]'s v>ni%1 or a 
coat+ ( boil$ oil4  ,ano!r me?od (      
imitat+ new oak ^u any ( ! inf]ior      
light-col\r$ woods is to give ! surface 
a coat ( ,/eph5s's sat9-wood /a91 & to  
draw a s(t gra9+-comb g5tly ov] x1 & :5 
! /reaky appe>ance is ?us produc$ a     
camel-hair p5cil %\ld be tak5 & ! ve9s  
=m$ ) :ite /a94 ,?is is made by dige/+  
?ree-qu>t]s ( an ounce ( flake :ite     
7subnitrate ( bismu?71 & ab\t an ounce (
 is+lass 9 two gills ( boil+ wat]2 x c  
be made ?9n] by add+ m wat]1 or c be    
slightly t9t$ if desir$4  ,pr(ici5ts 9  
/a9+ & imitat+ c make ,am]ican a% s l   
oak t exp]i5c$ judges are frequ5tly     
deceiv$1 ! ve9 & %ade ( ! spuri\s wood  
look+ ne>ly z natural z ! g5u9e4 ,aft] !

 ve9+ is done1 x %\ld be coat$ ) :ite   
h>d v>ni%1 made r ?9 by add+ m spirits1 
aft] :i* ! gr\nd c be delicately d>k5$  
if requir$4   ,imitation                
,sat9-wood4--,take me?ylat$ spirits "o  
qu>t1 gr\nd turm]ic ?ree ounces1 p[d]$  
gamboge "o & a-half ounces4 ,?is mixture
 %\ld be /eep$ to its full /r5g?1 & !n  
/ra9$ ?r\gh f9e musl91 :5 x w be ready =
 use4 ,apply ) a sponge1 & give two     
coats2 :5 dry1 glass-pap] d[n ) f9e old 
pap]4 ,?is makes a good imitation =     
inside "w4 ,by ! addition ( a little    
dragon's blood an orange t9t c be       
produc$4 ,a yell[ col\r c also be giv5  
to wood by boil+ hot solutions (        
turm]ic1 ,p]sian b]ries1 fu/ic1 etc4 b !
 col\r is v fugitive4 ,a m p]man5t col\r
 results f nitric acid1 & la/ ( all by !
 successive introduction ( acetate (    
lead & *romate ( pota%4 ,sulphate ( iron
 also /a9s wood ( a yell[i% col\r :5 us$
 z a pres]vative ag5t1 s mu* s1 t ! use 
( corrosive sublimate is recomm5d$ = ?is
 purpose :5 x is desirable to pres]ve ! 

light col\r4   ,a ,blue ,/a94--,?is dye 
c be obta9$ by dissolv+ ,ea/ ,indian    
indigo 9 ars5i\s acid1 :i* w give a d>k 
blue4 ,a light] blue c be obta9$ by hot 
solutions ( indigo1 ( sulphate ( copp]1 
& by ! successive introduction (        
pyrolignite ( iron & prussiate ( pota%4 
,a ,gre5 ,/a94--,dissolve "o ounce (    
,roman vitriol 9 a qu>t ( boil+ wat]1 to
 :i* is add$ "o ounce ( pe>la%2 !       
mixture %\ld !n be =cibly agitat$1 & a  
small quantity ( pulv]is$ yell[ ars5ic  
/irr$ 94 ,a gre5 is also ! result (     
successive =mations 9 ! pores ( ! wood (
 a blue & a yell[ z above indicat$1 & by
 a hot solution ( acetate ( copp] 9     
wat]4 ,a yell[i% gre5 may be obta9$ by !
 action ( copp] salts on ! r$ prussiate 
( pota%4   ,a ,purple ,/a94--,boil "o   
p\nd ( logwood *ips 9 ?ree qu>ts ( wat]1
 until ! full /r5g? is obta9$2 !n add   
f\r ounces ( pe>la% & two ounces ( p[d]$
 indigo4 ,:5 ^! +r$i5ts are ?or\ghly    
dissolv$1 x is ready = use1 ei!r hot or 
cold4 ,a purple is also obta9$ by a     

boil+ hot solution ( logwood &          
,brazil-wood1 "o p\nd ( ! =m] & "o qu>t]
 ( a p\nd ( ! latt] to a gallon ( wat]4 
,a ,r$ ,/a94--,me?ylat$ spirits "o qu>t1
 ,brazil-wood ?ree ounces1 dragon's     
blood half an ounce1 co*9eal half an    
ounce1 saffron "o ounce4 ,/eep ! :ole to
 its full /r5g?1 & /ra94 ,a r$ c also be
 produc$ by mac]at+ r$-s&]s 9 rectifi$  
spirits ( naph?a4 ,an orange-r$ col\r   
may be obta9$ by ! successive action (  
bi*loride ( m]cury & iodide ( pota%1    
madd]1 & ammoniacal solutions ( c>m9e4  
,imitation ,purple-wood ,/a94--,gr9d a  
piece ( gre5 copp]as on co>se           
glass-pap]1 & mix ) poli% col\r$ )      
r$-s&]s4 ,?is makes a capital purple    
/a91 & is us$ by ,fr5* cab9et-mak]s4    
,^! dye/uffs may be mu* improv$ by !    
addition ( a mordant appli$ aft] !y are 
dry2 ?is w greatly assi/ 9 modify+ &    
fix+ ! t9ts & %ades :i* ! dyes imp>t4 ,!
 be/ ?+ = ! purpose1 9 ! writ]'s op9ion1
 is cle> ox-gall1 :i*1 besides be+      
useful z a mordant1 w de/roy all unctu\s

 matt]4   ,*emicals us$ 9 ,/a9+4--,x may
 p]haps be useful "h to give ! common or
 popul> names ( ! *emicals employ$ 9 !  
op]ations ( /a9+ & imitat+1 z few       
poli%]s "k !m by ! sci5tific names us$  
by *emi/s3--  ,nitric acid is b ano!r   
phrase = aqua=tis4 ,sulphuric acid1 =   
oil ( vitriol4 ,ammonia1 = spirits (    
h>t%orn4 ,sulphate ( magnesia1 = ,epsom 
salts4 ,nitrate ( potass1 = sal         
prunelle4 ,*lor9e1 = aqua regia4        
,sulphate ( copp]1 = blue vitriol4      
,subborate ( soda1 = borax4 ,sup]oxalate
 ( potass1 = salts ( sorrel4            
,hydro*lorate ( ammonia1 = sal ammoniac4
 ,subnitrate ( bismu?1 = flake :ite4    
,acetic acid1 = v9eg>4 ,acetate ( lead1 
= sug> ( lead4 ,sulphate ( lime1 =      
gypsum4 ,c>bonate ( potass1 = pe>la%4   
,bit>trate ( potass1 = cream ( t>t>4    
,nitrate ( silv]1 = lun> cau/ic4        
,sup]c>bonate ( iron1 = plumbago4       
,cyanide ( iron1 = ,prussian blue4      
,subacetate ( copp]1 = common v]digris4 
,susquec>bonate ( ammonia1 = sal        

volatile4 ,alcohol1 = pure _s4 ,sulphate
 ( iron1 = gre5 copp]as4 ,sulphate (    
z9c1 = :ite copp]as4   ,process (       
,/a9+4--,! natural qualities ( woods are
 v v>iable2 s also are ! textures ( !   
diff]5t sorts usually us$ = /a9+4 ,x w  
be readily p]ceiv$ t !re is no fix$     
pr9ciple ^u :i* c]ta9 peculi> t9ts or   
%ades c be produc$ ) any degree (       
c]ta9ty4 ,9 ord] to arrive at ! be/     
results1 ! /a9] is recomm5d$ to obs]ve !
 foll[+ rules3--  ,all dry /uffs are be/
 r$uc$ to p[d]1 :5 x is possible1 be=e  
mac]at+ or dissolv+ !m4  ,all liquids   
%\ld be /ra9$ or filt]$ be=e use4  ,!   
requisite +r$i5ts %\ld always be te/$   
be=e a free use is made ( !m1 z ! effect
 produc$ by a coat ( /a9 _c be          
accurately asc]ta9$ until x is ?or\ghly 
dry4  ,amateurs 9 /a9+ _h f> bett] coat 
twice or ?rice ) a weak /a9 ?an apply a 
/rong "o2 = if too d>k a t9t is fir/    
obta9$ x is (t5 irrem$iable4 ,flat      
surfaces w take /a9 m ev5ly if a small  
portion ( l9se$-oil is fir/ wip$ ov]1   

well rubb$ (f1 & all[$ to dry1 !n       
lightly pap]$ d[n ) f9e glass-pap]4     
,end-way wood :i* is ( a spongy nature  
%\ld fir/ h a coat ( ?9 v>ni%1 & :5 dry 
well glass-pap]$ (f4 ,= apply+ /a9 a    
flat hog-hair tool is ! be/2 & = a      
s(t5]-d[n a badg]-hair tool is us$4 ,=  
mahogany %ades & t9ts a mottl] w be f\nd
 ( s]vice1 z w also a s(t piece (       
,turkey sponge4 ,= oak1 ! usual /eel    
gra9+-comb is employ$ = ! /reak+1 & =   
ve9+ badg] sa%-tools & sable p5cils4    
,ready-made ,wood ,/a9s4--,!re are      
num]\s /a9s suitable = common "w 9 !    
m>ket obta9able at a small co/ by       
resid5ts 9 ,london1 b x is *eap] = ^? :o
 reside 9 c\ntry t[ns to make _! own1 if
 only a small quantity is requir$4 ,!   
pr9cipal mak]s ( wood /a9s are ,h4 ,c4  
,/eph5s1 ( #aia1 ,ald]sgate-/reet1      
,e4,c41 & ,jackson1 #bac1 ,union-/reet1 
,s\?w>k1 ,s4,e4 ,^! mak]s prep>e /a9s 9 
a liquid /ate1 & also 9 p[d]s = oak1    
walnut1 mahogany1 sat9-wood1 ebony1 &   
rosewood4 ,! p[d]s are sold 9 packages  

at #hs4 p] lb4 or #as4 = two ounces1 &  
are soluble 9 boil+ wat]4 ,judson1 (    
#gg1 ,s\?w>k-/reet1 ,s4,e41 makes a     
mahogany p[d] 9 sixp5ny packets1 & any  
reliable oilman w sell a good black /a9 
at #h;d4 p] qu>t1 or a sup]ior black /a9
 at #as4 #b;d4 p] qu>t4 ,fox1 ( #aji1   
,be?nal ,gre5-road1 also prep>es /a9s 9 
a liquid /ate4     ,,*apt] ,,iii4       
,,fr5* ,,poli%+4   ,! ,poli% ,us$4--,!  
oil or wax poli% 0 us$ = all k9ds (     
furniture be=e ! introduction ( ,fr5*   
poli%1 ! inv5tion ( :i*1 z its "n       
implies1 is due to ,fr5* cab9et-mak]s4  
,x 0 fir/ introduc$ into ,engl& ab\t    
sev5ty ye>s s9ce2 "s "t elaps$1 h[ev]1  
be=e x 0 br\ght to a high /ate (        
p]fection4 ,at fir/ appr5tices or port]s
 7 entru/$ ) ! poli%+1 !y hav+ be5      
usually call$ ^u to d ! wax poli%+2 b 9 
c\rse ( "t x 0 f\nd t its successful    
adoption impli$ ! possession (          
consid]able skill1 & x came to be reg>d$
 z an art ( no little importance--s mu* 
s1 t ! e>ly poli%]s :o _h p]fect$       

!mselves us$ to "w 9 a %op ) clos$      
doors1 le/ ! secret ( _! success %\ld be
 discov]$4 ,f t "t poli%+ became a      
sep>ate bran* ( ! cab9et bus9ess4  ,!   
foll[+ orig9al recipe z fir/ inv5t$ has 
be5 extract$ f a ,fr5* "w1 !            
,dictionnaire ,te*nologique1 n1 h[ev]1 =
 its usefulness 7x hav+ gone into disuse
 _m ye>s ago71 b z a matt] (            
curiosity3--    ,fr5* ,poli%4    ,gum   
s&>a*                        #ad ounces 
#b dra*ms   ,gum ma/ic 9 drops          
#g       #b       ,%ellac 7! yell[] !   
bett]7    #ad       #b       ,alcohol ( 
#j4hbie specific gravity    #c qu>ts &  
#a p9t4  ,p\nd ! res9\s gums1 & effect  
_! solution by cont9u$ agitation1 )\t ! 
aid ( heat2 if ! woods are por\s1 add   
sev5 ounces "o dra*m ( ,v5ice turp5t9e4 
,if an equal weight ( gr\nd glass be    
add$1 ! solution is m quickly made1 & is
 also o!rwise b5efit$ by x4 ,be=e us+1 !
 wood %\ld be made to imbibe a little   
l9se$-oil1 ! excess ( :i* %\ld be remov$
 by an old flannel4  ,not)/&+ !         

improvem5t made ^u ! old processes by   
?is new me?od1 x 0 by no means consid]$ 
to be p]fect1 = ! poli% 0 f\nd to imp>t 
its br[n t+e to ! light-col\r$ woods1   
especially 9 m>quet]ie "w1 & to         
det]iorate _! appe>ance4 ,x w be readily
 se5 t x 0 a great desid]atum among     
poli%]s to r5d] %ellac col\rless1 z1 ) !
 exception ( its d>k-br[n hue1 x        
possesses all ! prop]ties ess5tial to a 
good poli% or _s v>ni% 9 a high] degree 
?an any ( ! o!r res9s4  ,9 #ahbg !      
,society ( ,arts came =w>d ) its        
valuable aid & (f]$ a premium ( a gold  
m$al1 or ?irty gu9eas1 = a poli% or     
v>ni% made f %ell or se$-lac1 equally   
h>d1 & z fit = use 9 ! arts z t at      
pres5t prep>$ f ! above sub/ance1 b     
depriv$ ( its col\r+ matt]4 ,aft] num]\s
 exp]im5ts1 ?is long-felt want 0        
p]fectly atta9$ by ,dr4 ,h>e1 :o 0 aw>d$
 ! premium4 ,8 me?od 0 z foll[s3        
,dissolve 9 an iron kettle "o "p (      
pe>la% 9 ab\t eight p>ts ( wat]2 add "o 
"p ( %ell or se$-lac1 & heat ! :ole to  

ebullition4 ,:5 ! lac is dissolv$1 cool 
! solution1 & impregnate x ) *lor9e till
 ! lac is all precipitat$4 ,!           
precipitate is :ite1 b its col\r deep5s 
by wa%+ & consolidation2 dissolv$ 9     
alcohol1 lac1 blea*$ by ! process above 
m5tion$1 yields a poli% or v>ni% :i* is 
z free f col\r z any copal v>ni%4 ,at ! 
pres5t "t %ellac is blea*$ by filtration
 ov] animal *>coal4  ,num]\s exp]im5ts 7
 aft]w>ds made 9 ! manufacture (        
poli%es2 sev]al *emi/s devot$ _!        
att5tion to its manufacture1 & an       
improv$ poli% 0 soon produc$ :i* 0 us$ =
 a numb] ( ye>s4 ,! foll[+ are its      
proportions3--    ,%ellac               
#ad ounces4   ,s&>a*                    
#c_/d ounce4   ,:ite res9               
#c_/d      ,b5zo9                  #c_/d
      ,gum ?us                 #c_/d    
,o4,p4 f9i%+ _s    #a_/b a gallon4  ,!  
fill+-9 processes also began to be us$1 
:i* effect$ a consid]able sav+ 9 !      
quantity ( poli% usually requir$1 & 9   
consequ5ce ( ! exp5siv5ess ( spirits (  

w9e rectifi$ spirits ( naph?a 0 us$ z a 
sub/itute = ! mak+ ( poli%es1 etc42 b x 
0 discov]$ t its cont9u$ use soon       
affect$ ! eyesight ( ! workm51 & x _h to
 be ab&on$1 ! me?ylic alcohol1 pyroxylic
 _s1 or wood _s1 z x has be5 diff]5tly  
call$1 tak+ its place4 ,?is 0 fir/      
discov]$ by ,mr4 ,philip ,taylor 9      
#ahab1 & is obta9$ by di/ill+ wood4     
,messrs4 ,dumas  ,peligot1 aft] analys+ 
x1 det]m9$ t x conta9$ #cge p] c5t4 (   
c>bon1 #abe p] c5t4 ( hydrog51 & #ej p] 
c5t4 ( oxyg54 ,:5 pure1 x rema9s cle> 9 
! atmosph]e2 b = ! sake ( economy x is  
(t5 employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( o!r       
comp\nds call$ me?ylat$4 ,?is _s began  
to be mu* us$ 9 ! manufacture ( poli%es 
& v>ni%es 9 ! ye> #ahdh1 & has cont9u$  
to be mu* us$ ev] s9ce4  ,! wond]ful    
improvem5ts :i* h be5 effect$ 9 poli%es 
s9ce _! fir/ introduction obvi\sly prove
 t !y h n[ arriv$ at a v high po9t (    
p]fection1 & poli%+ is n[ ju/ly         
ackn[l$g$1 bo? by skill$ artisans &     
connoisseurs1 to be an important        

decorative art4 ,fr5* poli% or v>ni% at 
! pres5t "t c easily be obta9$ at mo/   
*emi/s or oil %ops1 or direct f !       
manufactur]s1 among/ :om may be m5tion$ 
,mr4 ,w4 ,urquh>t1 #cbg1 ,edgw>e-road1  
,w42 ,messrs4 ,turn]  ,sons1 #g to #i1  
,broad-/reet1 ,bloomsbury1 ,w4,c42      
,messrs4 ,william ,fox  ,son1 ,be?nal   
,gre5-road1 ,e42 ,mr4 ,g4 ,purdom1 #di1 
,comm]cial-road1 ,e4  ,! ,london prices 
are3 ,be/ ,fr5* poli%1 #es4 #f;d4 p]    
gallon2 be/ :ite poli%1 #is4 p] gallon2 
br[n or :ite h>d v>ni%1 #hs4 p] gallon2 
pat5t glaze1 #ajs4 p] gallon2 me?ylat$  
spirits1 #cs4 #c;d4 p] gallon4 ,= ^? :o 
pref] to make _! own1 ! foll[+ w be f\nd
 an excell5t recipe3--    #ab ounces (  
orange %ellac4    #a ounce ( b5zo94     
#a ounce ( s&>a*4    #a_/b gallon (     
me?ylat$ spirits4  ,p\nd ! gums well    
be=e mix+ ) ! _s1 z ?is w ha/5 _!       
dissolution4 ,:ite poli% = :ite wood &  
m>quet]ie "w %\ld be made ) blea*$      
%ellac in/ead ( ! above4 ,9 mak+ poli%es
 or v>ni%es1 ! mixture w frequ5tly      

require %ak+ until dissolv$4            
,rubb]s4--,9 comm5c+ to poli%1 !        
mat]ials requir$ are old flannel = !    
rubb]s & clean old l95 or cotton rags = 
! cov]+s1 ! s(t] ! bett]2 "s poli%]s1   
h[ev]1 pref] :ite wadd+ = rubb]s in/ead 
( flannel4 ,rubb]s = l>ge surfaces are  
usually made ( s(t old flannel1 firmly &
 compactly put toge!r some:at 9 ! =m ( a
 ball1 & ! m !y possess s(tness &       
compactness1 & are l>ge & solid1 ! m    
quickly & satisfactorily w !y poli%     
ext5sive surfaces4 ,small pliable rubb]s
 are usually employ$ = *airs or light   
frame-"w4 ,p]haps = a beg9n] a rubb]    
made ( old flannel may be be/1 z x takes
 "s little practice to obta9 ! necess>y 
lightness ( h&4  ,! rubb] = spirit+-(f  
%\ld be made up f a piece ( old flannel 
or wooll5 clo?1 & cov]$ ) a piece (     
close rag1 d\bl$4 ,c>efully fold ! rag &
 screw x r\nd at ! back to make x z firm
 z possible1 & spr9kle "s _s on ! face (
 x j z x is cov]$2 !n give x two or ?ree
 good smacks ) ! palm ( ! h&1 & beg9 by 

lay+ on z lightly z possible = ! fir/   
few /rokes & gradually increase !       
pressure z ! rubb] gets dry2 !n take (f 
! fir/ fold ( ! cov] & "w x p]fectly    
dry4  ,! rubb] %\ld pres5t to ! wood y  
are ab\t to "w on a smoo?-r\nd$ or      
convex surface4 ,h beside y l9se$-oil 9 
"o receptacle1 & "s ,fr5* poli% 9 ano!r4
 ,apply "o drop ( poli% & "o drop ( oil1
 & poli% ) a circul> movem5t--trav]s+   
/eadily ! :ole surface to be poli%$1 & f
 "t to "t1 z may be necess>y 7:5 ! rubb]
 gets /icky & h>%1 indicat+ t ! inside  
ne$s repl5i%+ ) m poli%71 op5 & apply m 
( x1 & aga9 draw ov] ! l95 cov]1 hold+ x
 tightly to =m ! convex face prop] to d 
! "w4 ,aft] repl5i%+1 ! rubb] w probably
 ne$ a little m oil to help x to "w     
smoo?ly4 ,hav+ ?us work$ on "o coat (   
poli% ev5ly ov] all ! wood until x has  
got :at may be/ be describ$ z a full    
look1 set x aside = two or ?ree h\rs to 
s9k 9 & become h>d1 & :5 completely dry1
 lightly pap] (f ) glass-pap] 7v f9e/71 
aft]w>ds du/+ ! surface to remove any   

trace ( p[d]1 & lay on a second coat (  
poli% 9 ! same me?od4 ,!n all[ tw5ty-f\r
 h\rs to dry4 ,ano!r light pap]+ may    
possibly be ne$$--du/ (f z be=e         
recomm5d$ & let ! wood h a ?ird coat (  
poli%4  ,= ?is ?ird coat a fre% rubb]   
%\ld be made1 ! inside be+ sp>+ly       
suppli$ ) spirits ( w9e in/ead ( poli%4 
,put a d\ble fold ( l95 ov] x1 t\* x )  
"o drop ( oil1 & g v lightly & spe$ily  
ov] ! :ole "w4  ,9 spirit+-(f--! object 
( :i* is to remove any trace ( smudge t 
may blur ! surface unless remov$ ?us by 
_s--y %\ld g g5tly to "w1 us+ a v light 
h&1 or y may take ! poli% (f z well1    
amateurs m especially4                  
,position4--,all "w %\ld be plac$ 9 an  
easy & accessible position :ile x is be+
 poli%$1 s t ! eye may readily p]ceive !
 effect ( ! rubb]2 ?is w greatly help to
 relieve ! difficulties att5d+ ! poli%+ 
( a f9e piece ( furniture4 ,x %\ld also 
be kept q firm1 s t x _c possibly move  
ab\t4 ,! mo/ suitable b5*es = poli%]s   
are ! ord9>y cab9et-mak]s' b5*es1 ) !   

tops cov]$ ) ?ick1 s(t clo?s2 ^! clo?s  
%\ld n be fa/5$ d[n1 x be+ an advantage 
to be able to remove !m :5 requir$4 ,:5 
a piece ( "w too l>ge to be plac$ ^u !  
b5* is 9 h&1 pads w be f\nd useful to   
re/ x ^u4 ,^! c be made by cov]+ pieces 
( wood ab\t two feet 9 l5g? by ?ree     
in*es 9 wid? ) clo? sev]al times d\bl$1 
! "w be+ plac$ s t a good light falls ^u
 x4 ,all ?9 panell+ %\ld be tack$ d[n ^u
 a bo>d by ! edges :ile poli%+4         
,fill+-94--,! fir/ process ! wood       
usually und]goes is fill+-94 ,?is       
consi/s 9 rubb+ into ! pores ( ! wood   
,russian tall[ & pla/] ( ,p>is1 :i* h   
be5 previ\sly heat$ & mix$ toge!r s z to
 =m a ?ick pa/e4 ,= rosewood1 or to d>k5
 mahogany1 a little rose-p9k %\ld be    
add$4 ,aft] well rubb+ 91 ! surface %\ld
 be cle>$ f all ! surplus pa/e ) ! end (
 ! scrap]1 & !n rubb$ (f ) %av+s or old 
rags1 & made q clean4 ,= bir* or oak1 "s
 use :it+ or s(t putty moi/5$ )         
l9se$-oil = ! fill+2 ?is prep>ation     
prev5ts 9 a great measure ! ris+ ( !    

gra94 ,= :ite delicate woods1 su* z     
sycamore1 maple1 or sat9-wood1 pla/] (  
,p>is1 mix$ ) me?ylat$ _s1 is us$4 ,:5  
poli%+ p9e1 a coat ( ,"y's pat5t size   
7#b;d4 p] lb47 is us$ in/ead ( ! above  
mixtures1 & :5 dry is rubb$ d[n ) f9e   
glass-pap]4  ,"s workm51 :o reg>d _!    
modes ( fill+-9 z important secrets1 d  
_! "w surpris+ly quick by ! me?ods "h   
giv54 ,! v>i\s processes are soon       
acquir$ by a little practice1 &         
contribute greatly to ! spe$y advancem5t
 ( a smoo? & impor\s gr\nd1 :i* is ! mo/
 important po9t to obs]ve 9 poli%+4     
,apply+ ! ,poli%4--,9 comm5c+ to use !  
poli% "s are provid$ ) a small e>!nw>e  
di%1 into :i* ! poli% is p\r$ = wett+ ! 
rubb]s2 :ile o!rs make a slit 9 ! cork (
 ! poli% bottle1 & s let x drip on to ! 
rubb]2 :i*ev] me?od is adopt$1 ! rubb]  
%\ld n be saturat$1 b receive j en\gh to
 make a sme>4 ,e "t aft] wett+ ! rubb] &
 putt+ on ! cov] x %\ld be press$ ^u !  
palm ( ! h&1 or if a small rubb] x c be 
te/$ betwe5 ! ?umb & f+]4 ,?is is an    

important op]ation1 = by x ! poli%] c   
easily tell ! exact /ate ( moi/ure1 & at
 ! same "t1 by ! pressure be+ appli$1 ! 
moi/ure is equalis$4 ,! tip ( ! f+] %\ld
 !n be j dipp$ into ! l9se$-oil1 &      
appli$ to ! face ( x2 if ! rubb] %\ld be
 r sappy1 ! greate/ c>e mu/ be us$ or a 
co>se /reaky r\ghness w be produc$2     
extreme lightness ( h& is requir$ until 
! rubb] is ne>ly dry4 7,x w\ld be a     
s]i\s error to be> heavily on ! rubb]   
:ile ! surface is moi/2 to d s1 & to use
 too mu* oil on ! rubb]1 are ! causes ( 
_m failures 9 poli%+47  ,9 comm5c+ to   
"w1 pass ! rubb] a few times g5tly &    
lightly ov] ! surface 9 ! direction ( ! 
gra92 !n rub across ! gra9 9 a s]ies (  
circul> movem5ts1 all "o way1 9 full &  
free sweep+ /rokes1 until ! rubb] is    
dry4 ,cont9ue ?is op]ation until ! pores
 are fill$ 91 & ! surface assumes a     
satisfactory appe>ance4 ,x %\ld !n be   
left = ab\t twelve h\rs2 ! poli% w be   
well into ! wood by t "t4 ,! poli% %\ld 
!n be c>efully rubb$ d[n ) ,no4         

glass-pap]2 ?is w remove ! atomic       
r\ghness usually caus$ by ! ris+ ( !    
gra9 dur+ ! s9k+ p]iod4 ,9 flat-surface 
"w a pap] cork c be us$1 & ! rubb+      
lightly & regul>ly done 9 a c>eful      
mann]1 s z to avoid rubb+ ?r\gh ! out]  
sk91 especially at ! edges & corn]s1 or 
! "w w be irrem$iably defac$4  ,! woods 
:i* possess a ris+ gra9 are well kn[n to
 poli%]s2 ^! are ! light-col\r$ woods ) 
a co>se gra91 viz41 a%1 bir*1 & oak4    
,?is ris+ ( ! gra9 c 9 a great measure  
be prev5t$ by pass+ a damp sponge ov] ! 
"w be=e comm5c+ ! poli%+1 all[+ x to    
dry1 & pap]+ x4 ,aft] ! rubb+ or        
smoo?+-d[n process is f9i%$1 ! "w %\ld  
be well du/$2 ! poli%+ c !n recomm5ce4  
,! above op]ation mu/ be aga9 repeat$ ) 
a rot>y motion & gradually increas$     
pressure z ! rubb] gets dry1 & f9i%$ by 
light] rubb+s ! way ( ! gra92 ?is w     
remove any slight m>ks t may be         
occasion$ by ! circul> movem5ts ( !     
rubb]4  ,work+ too long on any "o "p is 
to be avoid$1 nor %\ld ! rubb] be all[$ 

to /ick ev5 = an in/ant1 or x w pull !  
coat+ ( poli% (f to ! b>e wood4 ,! rubb]
 %\ld be cov]$ ) a clean "p ( ! rag z   
soon z a %9y appe>ance becomes app>5t ^u
 x1 or at ea* "t ( damp+1 & less oil    
%\ld be us$ t[>ds ! end ( ! op]ation1 s 
z to gradually cle> x all (f f !        
surface4 ,rubb] m>ks c be remov$ by     
rubb+ 9 a direction ! rev]se ( ! m>ks ) 
a half-dry rubb] & increas$ pressure4   
,:5 ! "w has receiv$ a suffici5t body1 9
 f9i%+ ! dry+ ( ! la/ rubb]1 ply x      
briskly ! way ( ! gra9 to produce a     
clean dry surface = ! spirit+-(f4  ,!   
foll[+ is ! me?od usually employ$ on f9e
 c>v$ or turn$ "w :5 f9i%$ 9 ! be/ /yle4
 ,9 ! fir/ place x is embodi$ ) poli%1  
us+ a small rubb] = ! op]ation1 aft] :i*
 x %\ld h "o coat ( %ellac 7two p>ts by 
weight ( %ellac to "o ( spirits7 appli$ 
) a bru%1 & :5 dry x %\ld be c>efully   
smoo!d d[n ) fl\r pap]1 ! utmo/ caution 
be+ obs]v$ 9 deal+ ) ! %>p edges1 or !  
c>v+ w be spoil$4 ,!n x is embodi$ )    
poli% aga91 & "o coat ( glaze appli$ ) !

 greate/ c>e4 ,a few h\rs %\ld be all[$ 
to h>d51 & !n f9i%$ (f ) a rubb]        
slightly damp$ ) ?9 poli%4 ,?is is an   
exp5sive me?od1 b x w pay 9 appe>ance = 
all ! "t be/[$4  ,= ! be/ class ( cab9et
 & pian(orte "w 9 amboyna or burr-walnut
 x is advisable n to use l9se$-oil on ! 
sole ( ! rubb] :5 poli%+1 b ! be/ hog's 
l>d2 ! reason = ?is is t ^! v5e]s be+ s 
extremely ?9 & por\s ! oil w quickly    
p5etrate ?r\gh to ! gr\ndwork1 s(t5+ !  
glue1 & caus+ ! v5e]s to rise 9 a numb] 
( small bli/]s4 ,( c\rse1 ?is is n      
always ! case1 b ! use ( l>d in/ead (   
oil w be f\nd a good prev5tative4 ,l>d  
is also us$ on ! above class ( "w :5 x  
is desirable to pres]ve ! col\r ( ! wood
 9 its natural /ate4  ,! foll[+ me?od is
 employ$ = ! be/ "w3 ,imm$iately on     
receiv+ ! job f ! cab9et-mak]1 a good   
coat+ ( ?91 clean glue %\ld be appli$ ) 
a sponge or bru%2 ?is is all[$ to dry1 &
 ?or\ghly h>d52 x is !n clean$ (f1 us+ !
 scrap] & glass-pap]1 cutt+ x d[n to !  
wood4 ,! body+-9 ) :ite poli% is ! next 

process1 ! usual s9k+ p]iod be+ all[$2 x
 is aga9 clean$ (f1 b ! scrap] ?is "t   
%\ld n q rea* ! wood4 ,!n embody aga91 &
 treat 9 a l mann]4 ,9 gett+ up !       
p]man5t body1 comm5ce ) a slight        
embody+2 let ?is /&1 & :5 ! s9k+ p]iod  
is ov] rub x d[n ) a felt rubb] & p[d]$ 
pumice-/one2 cont9ue ?is sev]al times1  
till ! surface pres5ts a satisfactory   
appe>ance1 & ! job is ready = ! spirit+ 
process4 ,by ?is means ! wood w reta9   
its natural col\r1 & a beautiful        
transp>5t poli% w result1 & rema9 = a   
numb] ( ye>s4 ,?is also is an exp5sive  
process1 b ! result _c be obta9$ 9 any  
o!r way4   ,spirit+-(f4--,mo/ poli%]s   
affirm t if an int]val ( at lea/ a c\ple
 ( h\rs elapse betwe5 ! f9al embody+ & !
 spirit+-(f ! brilliancy ( ! poli% w be 
improv$1 & rema9 h>d] & m durable4 ,! _s
 is appli$ 9 exactly ! same way z !     
poli%1 & ! same rubb] c be us$1 b x %\ld
 be cov]$ ) m ?an "o fold ( ! s(t l95   
rag2 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to make x v wet1
 or ! gum on ! surface ( ! "w w be      

r$issolv$1 & a dulness in/ead ( a       
brilliancy w result4 ,if ! _s %\ld be v 
/rong1 ! rubb] %\ld be brea!d ^u be=e   
us+1 & a little m oil tak5 up2 "s1      
h[ev]1 pref] to mix a little poli% ) !  
_s1 :ile o!rs pref] ! _s to be weak5$ by
 exposure to ! air = a few h\rs2        
exp]i5ce alone mu/ be ! tea*] 9 ?is     
p>ticul>2 b if ! _s %\ld n bite1 z x is 
t]m$1 all w be well4 ,! la/ rubb] %\ld  
be work$ a little long] ?an usual1 & a  
trifle quick]1 s z to remove ! slight   
greasy moi/ure on ! surface4  ,! f9i%+  
t\* is giv5 to ! "w by a s(t rag loosely
 roll$ up & j a few drops ( _s dropp$ ^u
 x1 appli$ quickly ! way ( ! gra94 ,?is 
w remove e defect1 & leave x cle> &     
brilliant4 ,if1 9 a %ort "t aft] f9i%+1 
! poli% becomes dull or r\gh1 x w be ow+
 to too mu* oil be+ absorb$ 9 ! process 
& work+ ?r\gh ! surface1 comb9$ ) du/4  
,x %\ld be clean$ (f fir/ ) a s(t clo?1 
damp$ ) a little w>m wat]1 & ! :ole     
repair$1 z at fir/1 ) equal p>ts ( poli%
 & spirits mix$ toge!r1 us+ ! lea/      

possible damp ( oil to make x f9i% cle>2
 !re is no dang] ( its happ5+ aga94 ,9  
all cases ! "w mu/ be rubb$ till q dry1 
& :5 ne>ly s ! pressure may be increas$4
  ,! rubb] = spirit+-(f %\ld be made up 
f a piece ( old flannel1 & be cov]$ ) a 
piece ( old rag4 ,?is is pref]able to v 
?9 rag1 & w give a bett] f9i%4   ,prep>$
 ,spirits4--,?is prep>ation is useful = 
f9i%+1 z x adds to ! lu/re & durability1
 z well z removes e defect ( o!r        
poli%es1 & x gives ! surface a mo/      
brilliant appe>ance4  ,x is made ( half 
a p9t ( ! v be/ rectifi$ spirits ( w9e1 
two dra*ms ( %ellac1 & two dra*ms ( gum 
b5zo94 ,put ^! +r$i5ts 9 a bottle & keep
 9 a w>m place till ! gum is all        
dissolv$1 %ak+ x frequ5tly2 :5 cold add 
two teaspoonfuls ( ! be/ cle> :ite poppy
 oil2 %ake !m well toge!r1 & x is fit = 
use4   ,antique ,/yle4--,= m$ival or old
 ,engli% furniture a dull poli% is      
g5]ally pref]r$ to a ,fr5* poli%1       
because x has a gloss r ?an a brilliant 
poli%1 :i* mat]ially assi/s 9 %[+ up    

m\ld+s or c>v+s to ! be/ advantage2 x is
 also m 9 "* ) ! "w ( ! ,middle ,ages4  
,ano!r advantage is ! facility ( obta9+ 
a new poli% 7aft] be+ once done7 %\ld ! 
fir/ "o get t>ni%$1 z ! f9i%+ process c 
be p]=m$ )\t difficulty by any "o1 & a  
new poli% obta9$ ea* "t4  ,on receiv+ a 
job :i* is requir$ to be done 9 ?is     
/yle1 x %\ld be fill$-9 9 ! usual mann]1
 & aft]w>ds bodi$ ) :ite poli% to a good
 ext5t2 x is !n left = a s9k+ p]iod 7say
 twelve h\rs74 ,! "w is !n c>efully     
rubb$ d[n ) p[d]$ pumice-/one & a       
felt-cov]$ block or rubb]1 & aft] well  
du/+ x is ready = f9i%+4 ,! prep>ation  
us$ = ?is process is ma9ly compos$ (    
bees'-wax & turp5t9e 7see ,wax ,poli%1  
page #hg71 well rubb$ 9 ) a piece ( felt
 or a wooll5 rag1 & f9i%$ (f by rubb+   
briskly ) a v s(t clo? or an old        
h&k]*ief to produce a gloss4   ,dull or 
,egg-%ell ,poli%4--,?is is ano!r /yle ( 
f9i%+ = m$ival "w2 ! process is v       
simple4 ,9 comm5c+ a job to be f9i%$ 9  
?is /yle1 ! process ( fill+-9 & embody+ 

are fir/ gone ?r\gh1 !n a s9k+ p]iod is 
all[$1 aft] :i* x is embodi$ aga91 till 
! "w is ready = f9i%+4 ,all ! p>ts %\ld 
be c>efully exam9$ to see if !re is a   
good coat+ ( poli% ^u !m4 ,?is is       
important1 = if ! "w %\ld be only ?9ly  
coat$ x is liable to be spoil$ by rubb+ 
?r\gh 9 ! la/ process4 ,aft] all[+ a few
 h\rs = ! surface to h>d51 a p\nce bag (
 p[d]$ pumice-/one %\ld be appli$ to !  
"w1 & a felt-cov]$ rubb] us$1 rubb+ d[n 
9 ! direction ( ! gra9 until ! "w is ( !
 desir$ dulness4  ,= ! *eap] k9d ( "w   
done 9 ?is /yle1 ! fir/ process1 (      
c\rse1 is ! fill+-92 !n a rubb] ( wadd+ 
is tak5 & us$ )\t a cov]1 made r sappy )
 poli% & a few drops ( oil add$2 & aft] 
body+-9 ) ?is suffici5tly1 ! "w %\ld be 
/ood aside = twelve h\rs1 !n rubb$ d[n )
 "s f9e worn glass-pap]4 ,! embody+ is  
!n aga9 comm5c$1 a prop] rubb] & cov]   
be+ us$2 & :5 suffici5t is put on1 &    
:ile ! surface is /ill s(t1 ! p\nce     
above m5tion$ %\ld be appli$1 & rubb$   
d[n ) a piece ( wadd+ slightly moi/5$ ) 

l9se$-oil until ! desir$ dulness appe>s4
 ,?is is becom+ ! fa%ionable f9i% =     
black walnut "w4   ,poli%+ 9 ! ,la!4--,!
 la! is ( m use to a poli%] ?an a great 
_m p]sons outside ! trade w\ld imag9e4  
,by its aid turn$ "w c be f9i%$ 9 a mo/ 
sup]ior /yle1 & 9 less "t ?an by h&4 ,! 
articles usually done by ! la! are wood 
musical in/rum5ts1 su* z cl>ionets1     
flutes1 etc42 also cornice-poles1 ends1 
& mahogany r+s1 ! latt] be+ fir/ plac$ 9
 a holl[ *uck & ! insides done1 aft] :i*
 !y are f9i%$ ^u ! outside on a conical 
*uck4 ,= table-legs1 *air-legs1 & all ! 
turn]y us$ 9 ! cab9et-"w1 x w be f\nd ( 
great advantage to f9i% ! turn$ p>ts    
be=e ! "w is put toge!r4  ,mo/ ( ! be/  
h\ses 9 ! trade f9i% _! "w 9 ?is way1   
:]e all ! "w is poli%$ out entirely ) ! 
rubb]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! fill+-9 is    
done4 ,! b& is ?r[n (f ! pulley & ! "w  
rubb$ 92 at ! same "t ! pulley is turn$ 
r\nd by ! left h&4 ,:5 ?is is done1 ! b&
 is replac$ & ! "w clean$ (f ) rags or  
%av+s1 ! la! to be driv5 ) spe$ to get a

 clean surface4 ,:5 apply+ ! poli% ! la!
 %\ld revolve ) a v sl[ motion4  ,!     
rubb]s be/ adapt$ = turn$ "w are made ( 
:ite wadd+1 z ! holl[s & o!r intricacies
 c be completely f9i%$ out ) a s(t      
rubb]4 ,! "w %\ld fir/ receive a coat+ (
 ?ick %ellac1 two p>ts by weight (      
%ellac to "o ( me?ylat$ spirits1 &      
appli$ ) a bru% or a s(t sponge2 aft] a 
c\ple ( h\rs ?is is nicely smoo!d ) f9e 
pap]1 & ! body+-9 complet$ ) ! s(t rubb]
 & ?9 poli%4 ,!re are num]\s h>d woods  
:i* d n require fill+-91 among/ :i* may 
be m5tion$ boxwood1 cocus1 ebony1 etc42 
^! may be rapidly poli%$ 9 ! la!1 on    
acc\nt ( _! texture1 ) ! :ite poli%4 ,9 
spirit+-(f a v s(t piece ( *amois lea!r 
7if x is h>d & creas$ x w scrat*7 %\ld  
be damp$ ) me?ylat$ spirits1 !n wrung s 
t ! _s may be equally diffus$2 ! la!    
%\ld !n be driv5 at a rapid spe$1 & !   
lea!r held s(tly to ! "w4 ,9 a few      
m9utes1 if a d>k wood1 a brilliant      
surface w be produc$4     ,,*apt] ,,iv4 
,,*eap ,,"w4   ,glaz+4--,glaze is kn[n  

to ! trade "u sev]al names1 su* z slake1
 f9i%1 & telegraph2 x is us$ only = *eap
 "w1 :5 economy ( "t is a consid]ation1 
& is made z foll[s3 ma/ic1 #a oz42      
b5zo91 #e ozs42 me?ylat$ _s1 #e gills4  
,a sup]ior article c be obta9$ f ,g4    
,purdom1 #di1 ,comm]cial ,road1         
,:ite*apel1 ,e41 :o is ! manufactur] ( a
 pat5t glaze4  ,fir/ give ! "w a rubb]  
or two ( poli% aft] ! fill+-92 x is     
important to dry ! la/ rubb] ?or\ghly1 s
 t no unctu\sness rema9s ^u ! surface   
be=e apply+ ! glaze1 o!rwise x w be ( no
 effect4 ,! way to apply x is z foll[s3 
,prep>e a rubb] z = poli%+ & make x     
mod]ately wet1 & take only "o /eady wipe
 ! way ( ! gra91 nev] go+ ov] ! same    
surface twice :ile wet2 & :5 dry1 if "o 
coat is f\nd n to be en\gh1 apply a     
second 9 ! same mann]4 ,= m\ld+s or !   
backs & sides ( *air-"w1 ?is is g5]ally 
consid]$ to be suffici5t4 ,"s poli%]s w 
p]si/ 9 us+ glaze to a l>ge ext5t1 ev5  
on ! be/-paid "w2 b x is n recomm5d$1 z 
! surface w n reta9 its brilliancy = a  

l5g!n$ p]iod1 p>ticul>ly 9 hot wea!r4   
,no?+ is s good = ! be/ class ( "w z    
poli%+ entirely ) ,fr5* poli%4  ,! way (
 treat+ small flat surfaces su* z !     
frames ( tables1 look+-glasses1 build]s'
 "w1 etc41 is to fir/ fill 91 & give "o 
or two rubb]s ( poli%1 dry+ ! la/ rubb] 
?or\ghly2 !n glaze1 & aft] a p]iod ( two
 or ?ree h\rs f9i% ) a rubb] slightly   
wett$ ) ?9 poli%4 ,x is a bad plan to   
put glaze on newly-spirit$ "w1 or to    
re-apply x on old bodies4  ,! foll[+ is 
ano!r me?od = *eap "w3 ,a coat+ ( cle>  
size is fir/ giv5 9 a w>m /ate 7?is c be
 obta9$ at mo/ oil-%ops71 & :5 dry is   
rubb$ d[n ) f9e glass-pap]1 aft] :i* a  
coat+ ( v>ni% is appli$ ) a sponge or a 
broad camel-hair bru%1 giv+ long sweep+ 
/rokes4 ,! tool %\ld be pli$ ) "s degree
 ( spe$1 z _s v>ni%es h n ! sl[ sett+   
prop]ties :i* di/+ui% ^? ( oil1 & c>e   
%\ld be tak5 n to g ov] ! same "p twice4
 ,:5 ?is is ?or\ghly h>d x is nicely    
smoo!d ) f9e pap]1 a few rubb]fuls (    
poli% is giv51 & x is !n ready =        

spirit+-(f4  ,ano!r plan is frequ5tly   
adopt$ = *eap "w3 ,make a ?9 pa/e )     
pla/] ( ,p>is1 suitably t9t$ & wat]$1 & 
well rub 9 across ! gra9 ) a piece (    
felt or old co>se canvas till ! pores   
are all full2 any sup]fluity %\ld be    
in/antly wip$ (f f ! surface be=e x has 
"t to set4 ,! succe$+ processes are     
pap]+ & oil+4 ,9 apply+ ! poli%1 :i*    
%\ld be done imm$iately aft] oil+1 !    
rubb] %\ld be made r sappy ) ?9 poli%1 &
 work$ )\t oil4 ,dur+ ! embody+ a       
p\nce-bag conta9+ pla/] ( ,p>is is      
sp>+ly us$2 ?is application t5ds to fill
 ! pores & also to h>d5 ! body ( poli%  
on ! ext]ior1 b too mu* %\ld n be us$1  
or x w imp>t a semi-opaque appe>ance to 
! "w4 ,?is fir/ body is all[$ suffici5t 
"t to h>d52 x is !n rubb$ d[n lightly ) 
fl\r pap] or old worn ,no4 #a1 & !n     
embodi$ ) ?ick] poli% or a mixture (    
poli% & v>ni%1 & ! smalle/ quantity (   
oil appli$ to ! rubb]4 ,:5 a suffici5t  
body ( poli% is giv5 to ! "w1 ! surface 
is rubb$ v c>efully ) a lump ( moi/     

putty pli$ 9 ! longitud9al direction ( !
 gra92 ?is w br+ up a gloss1 & v little 
spirit+ w be requir$4   ,/5cill+4--,an  
imitation ( m>quet]ie on light-col\r$   
woods c be obta9$ by ! foll[+ me?od3    
,cut a /5cil patt]n 9 /\t c>tridge pap] 
7?is is be/ done ^u a piece ( glass ) ! 
po9t ( a %>p p5knife71 & place x on !   
c5tre ( a panel or :]ev] requir$1 & h   
ready "s gas-black mix$ ) ?9 poli%2     
apply ?is ) a camel-hair p5cil ov] !    
cut-out patt]n1 & :5 x is remov$ f9i% ! 
l9es & t\* up ) a f9] tool4 ,! "w %\ld  
be fir/ bodi$-91 & :5 ! patt]n is dry   
rubb$ d[n ) a piece ( hair-clo? 7! smoo?
 side d[n7 on a cork rubb] to a smoo?   
surface1 aft] :i* ! poli%+ c be proce$$ 
) until f9i%$4 ,^u oak ?is w h !        
appe>ance ( inlaid "w4   ,*>coal        
,poli%+4--,a me?od kn[n z *>coal poli%+ 
is n[ mu* us$ = produc+ ! beautiful     
dead-black col\r :i* seems to h ! d5sity
 ( ebony4 ,its inv5tion is due to ,fr5* 
cab9et-mak]s4 ,! woods us$ by !m are    
p>ticul>ly well adapt$ = /a9+ black or  

any o!r col\r1 limetree1 bee*1 *]ry1    
pe>1 s(t mahogany1 or any wood ( a close
 & compact gra9 be+ ! woods usually     
select$4  ,! fir/ process is to give !  
"w a coat+ ( camphor dissolv$ 9 wat] &  
made r /rong2 ?is w soon soak into !    
wood1 & imm$iately aft]w>ds ano!r coat  
compos$ ( sulphate ( iron-wat] ) a few  
nut-galls add$4 ,^! solutions 9 bl5d+   
p5etrate ! wood & give x an indelible   
t+e1 & also prev5t insects f attack+ x4 
,aft] ^! coats are dry1 rub ! surface ) 
a h>d bru% 7an old scrubb+-bru% w d7 !  
way ( ! gra91 aft] :i* rub ! flat p>ts )
 natural /ick *>coal1 & ! c>v$ or ind5t$
 portions ) p[d]$ *>coal2 ! s(te/       
portion ( ! *>coal only %\ld be us$1    
because if a s+le h>d gra9 %\ld be      
appli$ x w\ld s]i\sly damage ! surface4 
,! workman %\ld h ready at ! same "t a  
prep>ation ( l9se$-oil & ess5ce (       
turp5t9e 7l9se$-oil "o gill1 & ess5ce ( 
turp5t9e "o teaspoonful71 a portion (   
:i* %\ld be freely tak5 up ) a piece (  
s(t flannel & well rubb$ into ! "w4 ,^! 

rubb+s ) ! prep>ation & *>coal sev]al   
times w give ! article ( furniture a    
beautiful dead-black col\r & poli%4 ,?is
 me?od ( poli%+ is appli$ to !          
black-&-gold furniture1 cab9ets1 etc41 9
 imitation ( ebony4  ,ano!r good black  
poli% is obta9$ by gas-black be+ appli$ 
to ! rubb] aft] wett+ ) ,fr5* poli%1 !  
cov] be+ !n put on & work$ 9 ! usual    
mann]4  ,^! black poli%es %\ld n be     
appli$ if !re are col\r$ woods 9 ! piece
 ( furniture4 ,%\ld ! "w be already dy$ 
black1 or 9 black v5e]s1 x is be/ to use
 :ite poli%1 :i* w greatly help to      
pres]ve ! transp>5t d5sity ( ! dye4     
,,*apt] ,v4  ,,re-,,poli%+ ,,old ,,"w4  
,if ! piece ( furniture requir+ to be   
re-poli%$ %\ld be 9 bad condition1 x is 
be/ to clean (f ?or\ghly1 us+ ! liquid  
ammonia 7see page #id71 or by ! scrap] &
 glass-pap]4 ,! ind5tations may be eras$
 by dipp+ into hot wat] a piece ( ?ick  
br[n pap] ?ree or f\r times d\bl$ &     
apply+ x to ! "p2 ! po9t ( a r$-hot pok]
 %\ld be imm$iately plac$ ^u ! wet pap]1

 :i* w cause ! wat] to boil into ! wood 
& swell up ! bruise2 ! ?ickness ( ! pap]
 prev5ts ! wood f be+ scor*$ by ! hot   
pok]4 ,aft] ! moi/ure is evaporat$1 !   
pap] %\ld be aga9 wett$ if requir$4 ,if 
only %all[ d5ts1 scrat*es1 & brok5 p>ts 
( ! poli% pres5t !mselves1 c>efully coat
 !m two or ?ree times ) a ?ick solution 
( %ellac1 & :5 ! la/ coat+ becomes h>d  
c>efully pap] d[n ) a piece ( old       
glass-pap] & a cork rubb]4  ,if !       
surface %\ld be 9 good condition1 x is  
necess>y only to remove ! viscid ru/2   
?is is done by friction ) a felt-cov]$  
rubb] & pure spirits ( turp5t9e2 by ?is 
means ! poli% rema9s unsulli$4 ,if !    
surface %\ld n be 9 v good condition1 a 
flannel %\ld be us$ sme>$ ) a pa/e (    
ba?brick-du/ & wat]1 or a pa/e made ( ! 
f9e/ em]y fl\r & spirits ( turp5t9e4    
,aft] cleans+1 & be=e ! poli% is appli$1
 x is a good plan to j moi/5 ! surface )
 raw l9se$-oil2 ?is w cause ! old body  
to unite ) ! new "o4  ,9 ord] to c>ry   
out ! process ( re-poli%+ ) facility1 x 

is necess>y to disunite all ! v>i\s     
p>ts1 su* z panels1 c>v+s1 etc41 be=e   
comm5c+ ! op]ation4 ,! poli% is appli$ 9
 ! usual mann]1 & :5 a good body is laid
 on ! "w %\ld be set aside = twelve     
h\rs1 aft] :i* x c be f9i%$4 ,x %\ld be 
p>ticul>ly obs]v$ t 9 poli%+ no job %\ld
 be f9i%$ imm$iately aft] ! rubb+-d[n   
process2 a s9k+ p]iod %\ld always be    
all[$4 ,if ! "w %\ld be imm$iately      
f9i%$1 ! consequ5ces are t 9 a few h\rs 
all ! m>ks & scrat*es ( ! pap]1 etc41 w 
be disc]nible1 & ! poli%$ surface w     
pres5t a v imp]fect appe>ance1 al?\gh   
look+ p]fect :5 fir/ f9i%$4  ,holes &   
crevices may be well fill$ up ) a cem5t 
made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,9 a l>ge iron   
spoon place a lump ( beeswax ab\t ! size
 ( a walnut1 a p9* ( ! pigm5ts m5tion$  
on page #e1 accord+ to ! col\r requir$1 
a piece ( common ros9 ! size ( a nut1 & 
a piece ( tall[ z l>ge z a pea2 melt1 & 
x is ready = use4 ,"s add a little      
%ellac1 b mu* w make x v brittle4 ,a    
simil> sub/ance to ! above c be b\ght at

 ! ,fr5* w>eh\ses4     ,,*apt] ,,vi4    
,,_s ,,v>ni%+4   ,mo/ poli%]s are agre$ 
t to obta9 a good surface ) v>ni% x is  
necess>y to give ! "w1 :]e x is possible
 to d s1 a rubb]ful ( poli% fir/1 & to  
?or\ghly dry ! rubb]2 b 9 mo/ c>v$ "w ! 
surface is n accessible1 & ! bru% mu/ be
 us$4 ,sometimes ! c>v+ is extremely    
co>se1 & ) an op5 por\s gra91 9 :i* case
 x is be/ to oil x fir/ & !n to f9e-pap]
 x d[n2 by ?is process a ?9 pa/e is =m$ 
by ! attrition1 :i* mat]ially assi/s 9  
fill+ up ! pores4 ,be=e comm5c+ to use !
 v>ni% h ready an e>!nw>e di% or        
box1--"o ( ! t9s us$ = ! pres]v$ meats  
or fi% w answ] ! purpose1--) two holes  
drill$ s t a piece ( wire c be fa/5$    
diametrically across ! top2 ?is is call$
 a regulator1 & :5 ! bru% is pass$ once 
or twice ov] ?is x prev5ts an unnecess>y
 quantity ( v>ni% be+ transf]r$ to ! "w4
   ,v>ni%es4--,! +r$i5ts = mak+ v>ni%   
are v simil> to ^? = mak+ poli%1 b !    
proportions are some:at diff]5t4        
,furniture v>ni% consi/s ( two k9ds1    

viz43 ! br[n-h>d & ! :ite-h>d2 ! =m] is 
us$ = d>k woods1 su* z mahogany1 walnut1
 rosewood1 etc42 :il/ ! latt] is us$ = !
 light-col\r$ woods1 9 conjunction ) !  
:ite poli%4 ,a few ye>s s9ce ! br[n-h>d 
v>ni% 0 made f ^! +r$i5ts3     #a gallon
 ( me?ylat$ _s1   #dj ozs4 ( %ellac1    
#d ozs4 ( ros91    #e ozs4 ( b5zo91     
#b ozs4 ( s&>a*1    #b ozs4 ( :ite ros94
  ,! br[n-h>d v>ni% :i* is us$ at !     
pres5t "t is made diff]5tly1 & produces 
a bett] result2 x is made f ! foll[+3   
#a gallon ( me?ylat$ _s1   #cb ozs4 (   
%ellac1    #h ozs4 ( ros91    #h ozs4 ( 
b5zo94  ,! :ite-h>d or transp>5t v>ni% =
 :ite wood is made )     #a gallon (    
me?ylat$ _s1   #cb ozs4 ( blea*$ %ellac1
   #bd ozs4 ( gum s&>a*4  ,9 mak+ ei!r  
poli%es or v>ni%es1 all ! gums %\ld be  
fir/ p\nd$ & r$uc$ to p[d] be=e mix+ ) !
 _s1 & :5 mix$ !y %\ld be occasionally  
well %ak5 or /irr$1 s z to ha/5 _!      
dissolution4   ,bru%es & ,p5cils4--,!   
bru%es us$ = v>ni%+ are ei!r flat1 9 t91
 or r\nd1 ti$ firmly to ! h&le1 & made (

 camel's-hair2 b ! small :ite           
bri/le-tools & r$-sable p5cils w        
frequ5tly be f\nd ( s]vice 9 coat+      
delicate c>v+1 or turn$ "w4 ,v>ni%      
bru%es c be obta9$ f a qu>t] ( an in* to
 f\r in*es & upw>ds 9 wid?2 ! mo/ useful
 bru%1 h[ev]1 = g5]al use is ab\t an in*
 wide4 ,x is important t bru%es %\ld be 
clean$ 9 spirits imm$iately aft] use1 = 
if laid by 9 v>ni% !y lose _! ela/icity 
& are soon spoil$2 b if ?is pres]vative 
pr9ciple is ev] neglect$1 ! h>d5$ bru%  
%\ld be soak$ 9 me?ylat$ _s1 & if want$ 
= imm$iate use ! _s w s(t5 ! v>ni%      
quick] if made luke-w>m4 ,! _s %\ld be  
g5tly press$ out by ! f+] & ?umb4 ,all  
v>ni% bru%es :5 n 9 use %\ld be hung up1
 or kept 9 su* a position t !y d n re/  
^u _! hairy ends1 ei!r 9 a box or t9    
free f du/4   ,mode ( ,op]ation4--,x is 
usual 9 v>ni%+ to give ! "w ?ree coats1 
& always all[ ea* coat to dry ?or\ghly  
be=e apply+ ! next4 ,x %\ld be not$ t _s
 v>ni%es beg9 to dry imm$iately !y are  
laid on2 !re=e1 on no acc\nt %\ld !y be 

t\*$ ) ! bru% aga9 :il/ wet1 or :5 dry  
!y w pres5t a r\gh surface4 ,always ply 
! bru% quickly1 & nev] g ov] a second   
"t4 ,:5 giv+ ! fir/ or second coats x is
 unimportant h[ !y are appli$1 :e!r     
across ! gra9 or ) ! gra91 b ! f9i%+    
coat %\ld always be ) ! gra94 ,if !     
v>ni% %\ld appe> fro?y :5 laid on1 x is 
( no consequ5ce1 z x w dry smoo? if     
equally & ev5ly appli$ be=e a good fire 
or 9 a w>m atmosph]e4  ,col\r$ v>ni%es c
 be made 9 exactly ! same mann] z col\r$
 poli%es 7see page #f74 ,! beautiful    
glossy black v>ni%es s admir$ on ,indian
 cab9et-"w1 specim5s ( :i* c be se5 at !
 ,indian ,museum1 are v difficult to    
obta9 9 ,engl&1 b a description ( !m may
 be int]e/+4   ,ea/ ,indian             
,v>ni%es4--,! ,sylhet v>ni% is compos$ (
 two p>ts ( ! juice ( ! bhela 7! tree   
:i* be>s ! m>k+ nuts ( ,india71 & "o "p 
( ! juice ( ! j[>4 ,! articles v>ni%$ ) 
x at ,sylhet are ( ! mo/ beautiful      
glossy black2 & x seems equally fitt$ = 
v>ni%+ iron1 lea!r1 pap]1 wood1 or /one4

 ,x has a sort ( :iti%-grey col\r :5    
fir/ tak5 out ( ! bottle1 b 9 a few     
m9utes x becomes p]fectly black by      
exposure to ! air4 ,9 ! temp]ature ( ?is
 c\ntry x is too ?ick to be laid on     
alone2 b x may be r5d]$ m fluid by heat4
 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 x is clammy1 &     
seems to dry v sl[ly4 ,:5 dilut$ )      
spirits ( turp5t9e1 x dries m quickly2 b
 /ill ) less rapidity ?an is desirable4 
,! tsitsi1 or ,rangoon v>ni%1 is less   
kn[n ?an ! ,sylhet v>ni%4 ,x is probably
 made f ! juice ( ! bhela alone4 ,x     
appe>s to h ! same g5]al prop]ties z !  
,sylhet v>ni%1 b dries m rapidly4 ,!    
v>ni% f ! kheeso1 or v>ni%-tree1 may be 
! same z ! ,rangoon v>ni%1 b is at      
pres5t consid]$ to be v diff]5t4 ,!     
kheeso gr[s p>ticul>ly 9 ,kubboo1 a     
valley on ! banks ( ! ,n+tee1 betwe5    
,munnipore & ! ,burman empire4 ,x atta9s
 to su* a l>ge size1 t x af=ds planks   
upw>ds ( ?ree feet 9 bread?1 & 9        
appe>ance & gra9 is v l mahogany4 ,a    
simil> tree is f\nd 9 great abundance & 

p]fection at ,m>taban4  ,a poison\s     
vap\r exhales f sev]al ( ! ,indian      
v>ni%es1 especially f t ( ,sylhet1 & is 
apt to produce ov] ! :ole sk9           
inflammations1 swell+s1 it*+s1 &        
pu/ules1 z if ! body _h be5 /ung by a   
numb] ( wasps4 ,its effects1 h[ev]1 g (f
 9 a few h\rs4 ,z a prev5tative ! p]sons
 :o collect ! v>ni%1 be=e go+ to "w1    
sme> _! faces & h&s ) greasy matt] to   
prev5t ! v>ni% poison com+ into contact 
) _! sk94     ,,*apt] ,,vii4  ,,g5]al   
,,in/ructions4   ,rem>ks on             
,poli%+4--,amateurs at ,fr5* poli%+ w be
 m successful on a l>ge surface ?an a   
small "o4  ,:5 poli%+1 ! rubb]-clo? %\ld
 be *ang$ occasionally1 or ! brightness 
w n rema9 :5 f9i%$4  ,a mo/ efficaci\s  
improv] ( _m k9ds ( woods is raw        
l9se$-oil mix$ ) a little rectifi$      
spirits ( turp5t9e4  ,fr5* poli% c be   
t9t$ a light-r$ ) alkanet-root1 & a     
d>k-r$ ) dragon's blood4  ,a good       
,turkey sponge is capable ( spread+ ei!r
 /a9 or v>ni% m smoo?ly ?an a           

camel's-hair bru% on a flat surface4  ,!
 sub-nitrate ( bismu? m5tion$ on p4 #ab 
is beg9n+ to sup]s$e oxalic acid =      
blea*+ processes4  ,?9 panels = doors   
%\ld be securely tack$ d[n to a level   
bo>d1 & poli%$ ) a l>ge r\nd flannel    
rubb] hav+ a v flat sole4 ,fret-"w      
panels %\ld h all ! edges entirely f9i%$
 ) v>ni% be=e !y und]go ! above         
op]ation4 ,to get a good poli% ^u a     
full-fret panel is consid]$ by poli%]s  
to be ! mo/ difficult "p 9 ! "w1 on     
acc\nt ( ! extreme delicacy &           
frangibility ( ! "w & ! great c>efulness
 requir$4  ,s(t spongy wood may be      
satiat$ by rubb+ a sponge well fill$ )  
poli% across ! gra9 until x becomes dry4
  ,9 poli%+ a v l>ge surface1 su* z a   
,loo-table top or a w>drobe end1 x is   
be/ to d only half at a "t1 or if a l>ge
 top a qu>t] only4  ,! approv$ me?od (  
treat+ d9+-table tops is to well body-9 
) ,fr5* poli%1 aft] :i* ?or\ghly        
glass-pap] d[n ) f9e pap]1 & !n use !   
oil poli% 7see page #hg74  ,imm$iately  

aft] us+ a rubb]1 x %\ld be kept 9 an   
air-tight t9 cani/]1 :]e x w always     
rema9 fre% & fit = use4   ,! ,poli%+    
,%op4--,a few words z to ! poli%+ %op   
may be acceptable to ^? :o possess ample
 room & desire ! be/ results4  ,fir/ 9  
ord] is ! location & arrangem5t ( !     
f9i%+ rooms4 ,pref]5ce is to be giv5 to 
! upp] rooms ( a build+ = sev]al        
reasons1 among :i* may be nam$ ! secur+ 
( bett] light1 great] fre$om f du/1 &   
sup]ior v5tilation4  ,a good light 9    
?is1 z 9 _m o!r arts1 is a v important  
matt]1 & by a good light we mean all !  
light t c be obta9$ )\t ! gl>e ( !      
direct rays ( ! sun4 ,light f side w9d[s
 is pref]able to t f skylights = ?ree   
reasons3 7#a7 ,skylights are v liable to
 leakage2 7#b7 !y are frequ5tly1 =      
great] or less p]iods1 cov]$ ) sn[ 9    
w9t]2 7#c7 ! rays ( ! sun transmitt$ by 
!m 9 summ] are frequ5tly s p[]ful z to  
bli/] %ellac or v>ni%4  ,good v5tilation
 is at all times ( importance1 &        
especially s 9 summ]1 bo? z t5d+ to dry 

! v>ni% or %ellac m ev5ly & rapidly1 & z
 contribut+ to ! com=t ( ! workm54 ,!   
latt] consid]ation is ( importance ev5 z
 a matt] ( economy1 z m5 9 a room !     
atmosph]e ( :i* is pleasant & :olesome w
 feel bett] & accompli% m ?an !y c\ld d 
9 ! close & =bidd+ ap>tm5ts 9 :i* !y    
sometimes "w4  ,any sugge/ion 9 ref]5ce 
to fre$om f du/1 z a matt] to be        
consid]$ 9 locat+ rooms = ?is bus9ess1  
w\ld seem to be entirely sup]flu\s1 z x 
is cle> t !re is h>dly any dep>tm5t (   
me*anical "w :i* is s susceptible to    
injury f du/ z ! f9i%+ ( furniture1     
includ+ v>ni%+ & poli%+4  ,f9i%+ rooms  
may be arrang$ 9 ?ree dep>tm5ts4 ,! fir/
 %\ld include ! room devot$ to s&-pap]+ 
& fill+4 ,^! processes1 mu* m ?an any   
o!r "p ( furniture poli%+1 produce dirt 
& du/1 & x is pla9 t ! room devot$ to !m
 %\ld be s f> isolat$ f ! v>ni%+ room z 
n to introduce into x ^! injuri\s       
elem5ts4  ,ano!r room %\ld be           
appropriat$ to ! body+-91 smoo?+ &      
rubb+-d[n processes4 ,! ?ird room is =  

spirit+ & v>ni%+1 or ! application ( !  
f9al coats ( v>ni%1 :i* is ! mo/        
important ( all ! processes 9 f9i%+4 ,x 
requires a v light & clean room1 & a    
great] degree ( heat ?an a g5]al        
workroom4 ,x %\ld1 z ne>ly z possible1  
be uni=m1 & kept up to summ] heat2 9 no 
case ought ! temp]ature to fall bel[    
fifty nor rise high] ?an eighty-five    
degrees ,fahr5heit :ile ! v>ni%+ process
 is go+ on4 ,v>ni%+ p]=m$ "u ^!         
circum/ances w be m ?or\gh 9 result1 h a
 bright] appe>ance & bett] poli%1 ?an if
 ! dry+ is sl[ & "u irregul> temp]ature4
 ,= dry+ "w1 ! be/ k9d ( heat is t f a  
/ove or furnace4  ,/eam heat is n s good
 = two reasons3 7#a71 x is too moi/ &   
s(t1 caus+ ! "w to sweat r ?an to dry   
h>d1 & 7#b71 ! temp]ature ( a room heat$
 by /eam is liable to consid]able       
v>iation1 & especially to becom+ l[] 9 !
 night4 ,?is fire heat is z necess>y = !
 v>ni%+ room 9 damp & cl\dy wea!r 9     
summ] z x is 9 w9t]4 ,at all seasons1 & 
by night z well z by day1 ! heat %\ld be

 z dry z possible1 & kept uni=mly up to 
summ] heat1 by :atev] means ?is result  
is secur$4 ,v>ni%$ "w1 aft] receiv+ !   
la/ coat1 %\ld be all[$ to rema9 "o day 
9 ! v>ni%+ room4 ,x may !n be remov$    
into ! g5]al workroom4  ,a rem>k may be 
prop] "h1 viz41 t !re is sometimes a    
failure to secure ! be/ & mo/ p]man5t   
results f n all[+ suffici5t "t = &      
betwe5 ! sev]al processes4 ,an ord] is  
p]haps to be fill$1 or = "s o!r reason !
 goods are ru%$ ?r\gh at ! co/ (        
?or\ghness & excell5ce ( f9i%4  ,!      
foll[+ sugge/ion is made by way (       
caution 9 ref]5ce to ! disposal ( oily  
rags & wa/e made 9 ! v>i\s processes (  
f9i%+4 ,^! articles are reg>d$ z v      
dang]\s1 & are frequ5tly ! cause ( mu*  
controv]sy betwe5 insurance companies & 
p>ties :o are insur$4 ,! be/ way to     
dispose ( ?is wa/e is to put x into !   
/ove & burn x z fa/ z x is produc$4 ,if 
?is rule is /rictly adh]$ to !re w be no
 dang] ( fire f ?is s\rce4 ,all liquid  
/ock %\ld be kept 9 close cans or       

b>rels1 & z f> f ! fire z possible4     
,,*apt] ,,viii4  ,,enamell+4   ,!       
process ( enamell+ 9 oil v>ni%es z      
appli$ to furniture mu/ be und]/ood z a 
smoo?1 glossy surface ( v>i\s col\rs    
produc$ by bodies ( pa9t & v>ni%        
skilfully rubb$ d[n1 & prep>$ 9 a       
peculi> way s z to produce a surface    
equal to ,fr5* poli%4 ,ornam5t c be add$
 by gild+1 etc41 aft] ! poli%$ surface  
is f9i%$4  ,we w beg9 ) ! :ite or       
light-t9t$ enamel4 ,! same process mu/  
be pursu$ = any col\r1 ! only diff]5ce  
be+ 9 ! selection ( ! mat]ials = ! t9t  
requir$ to be produc$4  ,x %\ld be      
obs]v$ t enamell+ requires ! ex]cise ( !
 greate/ c>e1 & w n be> hurry+4 ,ea*    
coat mu/ be all[$ suffici5t "t = !      
h>d5+1 & ! rubb+ d[n mu/ be pati5tly &  
g5tly done2 heavy pressure w completely 
spoil ! "w4   ,mat]ials4--,! mat]ials   
us$ = ! purpose above nam$ are3 :ite    
lead gr\nd 9 turp5t9e & ! be/ :ite lead 
9 oil2 a cle>1 quick1 & h>d-dry+ v>ni%1 
su* z ! be/ copal1 or ! v>ni%es = enamel

 manufactur$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,urquh>t1 #cbg1
 ,edgw>e ,road1 ,w42 or :ite coburg &   
:ite enamel v>ni%1 gr\nd & lump         
pumice-/one1 or putty-p[d]1 great c>e   
be+ tak5 9 ! selection ( ! pumice-/one1 
z ! slighte/ p>ticle ( grit w spoil !   
surface2 & rott5-/one1 us$ ei!r ) wat]  
or oil4   ,tools4--,! tools requir$ are 
sev]al flat wood5 blocks1 ( v>i\s sizes 
& =ms1 suitable = ins]t+ into corn]s & =
 m\ld+s--^! mu/ be cov]$ ) felt on !    
side y int5d to use1 ! felt be/ adapt$ =
 ! purpose be+ ! :ite felt1 f a qu>t] to
 half an in* 9 ?ickness1 :i* c be obta9$
 ( ,messrs4 ,?omas ,wallis  ,co41       
,holborn ,circus1 or at ! wooll5        
w>eh\ses2 two or ?ree bosses 7made      
simil> to poli% rubb]s7 ( cotton-wool1 &
 cov]$ ) silk 7an old silk h&k]*ief     
makes capital cov]+s72 wa% or *amois    
lea!r1 & a good sponge4   ,mode (       
,op]ation4--,if ! wood is s(t & por\s x 
is be/ to comm5ce ) a coat+ ( size &    
:it+ appli$ 9 a w>m /ate1 :i* is all[$  
to dry2 x is !n rubb$ d[n ) glass-pap]1 

& two coats ( common pa9t giv51 mix$ 9 !
 usual way & ( ! same col\r z y int5d to
 f9i% )4 ,9 practice ?is is f\nd to be  
be/2 aft] ^! two coats are ?or\ghly dry1
 mix ! :ite-lead gr\nd 9 turps1 ) only a
 suffici5t quantity ( v>ni% to b9d x1   
?9n+ to a prop] consi/5cy ) turps4 ,x is
 z well to add a little ( ! ord9>y      
:ite-lead gr\nd 9 oil1 z x helps to     
prev5t crack+4 ,give ! "w f\r or five   
coats ( ?is1 & all[ ea* coat to dry     
?or\ghly4 ,:5 x is h>d & ready = rubb+  
d[n1 comm5ce ) a s(t piece ( pumice-/one
 & wat]1 & rub j suffici5t to take (f ! 
r\ghness4 ,n[ use ! felt-cov]$ rubb]s & 
gr\nd pumice-/one1 & cut x d[n1 work+ 9 
a circul> mann]4 ,! greate/ c>e is      
requir$ to obta9 a level surface free f 
scrat*es4  ,aft] ! "w is well rubb$ d[n1
 if x %\ld appe> to be insuffici5tly    
fill$ up1 or if scrat*$1 give x two m   
coats1 laid on v smoo?ly1 & rub d[n z   
be=e4 ,if prop]ly done1 x w be p]fectly 
smoo? & free f scrat*es4 ,wa% x well    
d[n1 & be c>eful to clean (f all ! loose

 pumice-/one4 ,!n mix flake-:ite f !    
tube ) ei!r ( ! above-nam$ v>ni%es1 till
 x is ( ! consi/5cy ( cream4 ,give "o   
coat ( ?is1 & :5 dry give x ano!r1 add+ 
m v>ni%4 ,let ?is dry h>d1 ! "t tak5 =  
:i* w ( c\rse dep5d ^u ! dry+ qualities 
( ! v>ni%2 "s w poli% 9 eight or n9e    
days1 b x is mu* ! be/ to let x /& z    
long z y possibly c1 z ! h>d] x is1 !   
bright] & m endur+ w be ! poli%4 ,:5    
suffici5tly h>d1 use ! felt1 & v        
f9ely-gr\nd pumice-/one & wat]2 ) ?is   
cut d[n till x is p]fectly smoo?2 !n let
 x /& = a c\ple ( days1 to h>d5 !       
surface4   ,poli%+4--,9 comm5c+ to br+  
up a poli%1 fir/ take rott5-/one1 ei!r 9
 oil or wat]2 use ?is ) ! felt rubb] = a
 little :ile1 !n put "s ^u ! surface ( !
 silk-cov]$ boss1 & comm5ce to rub v    
g5tly 9 circul> /rokes2 cont9ue ?is till
 !re is a f9e equal surface all ov]4 ,! 
poli% w beg9 to appe> z y proce$1 b x w 
be ( a dull sort4 ,clean (f3 if !       
rott5-/one is 9 oil1 clean (f ) dry     
fl\r2 if 9 wat]1 wa% (f ) sponge &      

lea!r1 tak+ c>e t y wa% x p]fectly clean
 & d n scrat*4  ,y w n[1 aft] hav+ wa%$ 
y\r h&s1 use a clean damp *amois lea!r1 
hold+ x 9 ! left h&1 & us+ ! "r to poli%
 )1 keep+ x clean by frequ5tly draw+ x  
ov] ! damp lea!r4 ,) ! ball ( ! "r h&   
press g5tly ^u ! "w1 & draw y\r h&      
%>ply1 =w>d or t[>ds y2 ?is w produce a 
bright poli%1 & e "t y br+ y\r h& =w>d a
 %>p %rill s\nd w be he>d simil> to     
rubb+ on glass4 ,cont9ue ?is till ! :ole
 surface is "o bright ev5 poli%4 ,x w be
 "s "t be=e y w be able to d ?is        
p]fectly1 especially if ! sk9 is dry or 
h>d1 z x is !n liable to scrat* ! "w4 ,a
 smoo?1 s(t sk9 w produce ! be/ poli%4  
,= ! int]ior ( h\ses1 ! ,alb>9e enamel  
manufactur$ by ! ,york%ire ,v>ni%       
,company1 ( ,ripon1 is recomm5d$4 ,?is  
article comb9es 9 itself a p]fectly h>d 
solid enamel ( ! pure/ possible col\r2 &
 = all int]ior decorations1 :]e purity (
 col\r & brilliancy ( f9i% are desir$1 x
 is univ]sally admitt$ to be ! mo/      
p]fect article ( ! k9d hi!rto introduc$ 

to ! trade4 ,x is appli$ 9 ! same mann] 
z ord9>y v>ni%4  ,ano!r ,process4--,!   
prec$+ section describes ! process (    
enamell+ by oil v>ni%es1 & ! directions 
ref]r+ to ! poli%+ w be f\nd ( value = !
 poli%+ up on pa9t$ imitations ( woods  
or m>bles4 ,!re is ano!r process :]eby  
an enamel c be produc$ ^u furniture at a
 mu* *eap] rate ?an ! prec$+1 & "o too1 
p]haps1 9 :i* a poli%] may feel m at    
home4 ,! "w %\ld fir/ h a coat+ ( size &
 :it+ 7well /ra9$72 ?is w act z a       
pore-fill]4 ,:5 dry1 rub d[n ) f9e pap]1
 aft] :i* use ! felt-cov]$ rubb] & p[d]$
 pumice-/one1 to remove all ! scrat*es  
caus$ by ! glass-pap] & to obta9 a smoo?
 & good surface4 ,!n proce$ to make a   
solution = ! enamel3 fir/ procure two   
ounces ( common is+lass f ! druggi/'s1 &
 ?or\ghly dissolve x 9 ab\t a p9t (     
boil+ wat]2 :5 dissolv$1 /ir 9 two      
ounces & a-half ( subnitrate (          
bismu?--?is w be f\nd to be ab\t ! "r   
quantity = mo/ woods1 b x c be v>i$ to  
suit ! requirem5ts4 ,) ?is give ! "w "o 

coat1 boil+ hot2 apply x ) a s(t piece (
 ,turkey sponge1 or a broad camel's-hair
 bru%1 & :5 dry cut d[n ) p[d]$         
pumice-/one2 if a second coat is        
requir$1 s]ve 9 precisely ! same mann]4 
,!n proce$ to poli% 9 ! ord9>y way )    
:ite poli%4 ,aft] wett+ ! rubb]1 spr9kle
 a small quantity ( ! subnitrate (      
bismu? ^u x2 !n put on ! cov]1 & "w 9 ! 
usual mann]2 cont9ue ?is till a         
suffici5t body is obta9$1 & aft] all[+ a
 suffici5t "t = ! s9k+ & h>d5+ x c be   
spirit$ (f4  ,enamell$ furniture has _h1
 comp>atively speak+1 r a dull sale1 b  
!re is no class ( furniture m           
susceptible ( be+ made to please ! fancy
 ( ! _m ?an ?is4 ,x c be made 9 any t9t 
t may be requir$ by ! application (     
,judson's dyes1 & ! ex]cise ( a little  
skill 9 ! decoration w produce v pleas+ 
effects4   ,decorations4--,! decorations
 are usually ornam5ts drawn 9 gold4 ,a  
cut-out /5cil patt]n is g5]ally us$1 & !
 surface bru%$ ov] ) a camel's-hair     
p5cil & japann]'s gold size1 :i* c be   

obta9$ at ! arti/'s col\rman's1 or1 if  
pref]r$1 c be made by boil+ #d ozs4 (   
l9se$-oil ) #a oz4 ( gum anme & a little
 v]milion4 ,:5 ! size is tacky1 or ne>ly
 dry1 gold p[d] or gold leaf is appli$4 
,! gold is g5tly press$ d[n ) a piece ( 
wadd+1 & :5 dry ! surplus c be remov$ ) 
a r\nd camel's-hair tool4 ,9 all cases  
:]e gold has be5 fix$ by ?is process x w
 be> wa%+ )\t com+ (f1 :i* is a great   
advantage4     ,,*apt] ,,ix4  ,,am]ican 
,,poli%+ ,,processes   ,! me?od ( poli%+
 furniture practis$ by ! ,am]ican       
manufactur]s diff]s consid]ably f !     
,fr5* poli%+ processes adopt$ by        
manufactur]s 9 mo/ ,european c\ntries4  
,?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 is mo/ly          
compulsory1 & is attributable to !      
climate4 ,! int5se heat ( summ] & !     
extreme cold ( w9t] w soon r5d] a ,fr5* 
poli% useless1 & z a consequ5ce num]\s  
exp]im5ts h be5 tri$ to obta9 a poli% = 
furniture t w resi/ heat or cold4 ,!    
writ] has extract$ f two ,am]ican       
cab9et-trade j\rnals1 ,! ,cab9et-mak] & 

,! ,trade ,bureau1 descriptions ( !     
v>i\s processes n[ us$ 9 ! ,/ates1 :i*  
descriptions 7 evid5tly contribut$ by   
practical workm54 ,! foll[+ pages are n1
 /rictly speak+1 a m]e repr9t f !       
above-nam$ j\rnals1 ! articles hav+ be5 
c>efully revis$ & re-writt5 aft] hav+   
be5 practically te/$2 att5tion to !m is1
 !re=e1 /rongly recomm5d$4  ,9 ^!       
processes ! "w is fir/ fill$ 9 ) a putty
 fill]1 & aft] ! surface has be5        
?or\ghly clean$ x is ready = %ellac or  
v>ni%4 ,second1 a coat+ ( %ellac is next
 appli$ ) a bru% or a s(t piece (       
,turkey sponge4 ,?is mixture is compos$ 
( two p>ts 7by weight7 ( %ellac to "o ( 
me?ylat$ spirits1 b :at is call$ ?9     
%ellac is compos$ ( "o "p %ellac to two 
( spirits4 ,aft] ! coat+ is laid on &   
all[$ to dry1 :i* x does v soon1 x is   
rubb$ c>efully ) f9e fl\r glass-pap]1 or
 p[d]$ pumice-/one--ab\t f\r coats are  
usually giv51 ea* "o rubb$ d[n z        
direct$4 ,?ird1 :5 ! surface has receiv$
 a suffici5t body1 get a felt-cov]$     

rubb] & apply rott5-/one & sweet oil 9 !
 same mann] z y w\ld clean brass2 ) ?is 
give ! "w a good rubb+1 s z to produce a
 poli%4 ,f\r?1 clean (f ) a rag & sweet 
oil1 & rub dry2 !n take a s(t rag ) a   
few drops ( _s ^u x1 & vap\r up to a f9e
 poli%4 ,) ^! few prelim9>y rem>ks1 !   
foll[+ w be easily und]/ood4   ,use ,(  
,fill]s4--,! co/ ( a putty fill] consi/s
 *iefly 9 ! "t consum$ 9 apply+ x4 ,9 ! 
matt] ( walnut-fill+ mu* exp5se is sav$ 
9 ! processes ( coat+ & rubb+ if ! pores
 ( ! wood be fill$ to ! surface ) a     
sub/ance t w n %r9k1 & w h>d5 quickly4  
,! "t occupi$ 9 spread+ & clean+ a ?9 or
 fatty mixture ( fill]1 or a /iff &     
brittle putty made fre% e day1 is ab\t !
 same1 & :ile ! ?9 mixture w be subject 
to a great %r9kage1 ! putty fill] w hold
 its own4 ,x w ?us be se5 t a prop]     
reg>d to ! mat]ials us$ 9 mak+ fill]s1 &
 ! consi/5cy & fre%ness ( ! same1 =m an 
important elem5t 9 ! economy ( fill+4   
,a pr9cipal cause ( poor fill+ is ! use 
( ?9 mat]ial4 ,by "s a putty-knife is   

us$1 & ! fill+ rubb$ into ! surfaces (  
m\ld+s ) t[1 :ile o!rs use only ! t[ =  
all surfaces1 mo/ly1 h[ev]1 9 cases (   
dry fill+4 ,9 ! use ( ! wet fill]1 ei!r 
) a knife or ) t[1 workm5 are prone to  
spread x too ?9 because x requires less 
ef=t1 b exp]i5ce %[s t ! greate/ c>e    
%\ld always be tak5 to spread ! putty   
/iff & ?ick1 not)/&+ ! compla9ts (      
workm54 ,9 fact1 ?is class ( "w does n  
br+ into play s mu* muscle z to w>rant  
compla9ts on acc\nt ( x4 ,nor c !re be  
any reasonable excuse = tak+ a long] "t 
to spread a /iff fill] ?an a ?9 fill]4  
,good results are n always obta9$ by !  
use ( ?ick fill]s1 because ! putty is   
spread too soon aft] ! application ( !  
fir/ coat ( oil1 :i* liquid %\ld be q   
?91 & r$uc$ ei!r ) b5z9e or turp5t9e1 s 
t :5 ! putty is =c$ into ! pores ! oil  
already 9 !m w h ! effect ( ?9n+ x4 ,z  
an illu/ration ( ! idea meant "h to be  
convey$1 we w suppose a quantity ( ?ick 
mud or peat dump$ into a cavity conta9+ 
wat]1 & a simil> quantity ( ! same      

mat]ial dump$ into ano!r cavity hav+ no 
wat]2 ! "o fills ! bottom ( ! cavity    
solid1 :ile ! o!r becomes p>tly liquid  
at ! bottom1 & mu/ ( necessity %r9k be=e
 x assumes ! solidity ( ! =m]4 ,h5ce x  
appe>s t "w to be fill$ %\ld be oil$ &  
all[$ to /& "s "t be=e receiv+ ! fill]1 
or until ! oil has be5 absorb$ into !   
pores4  ,! prep>atory coat+ %\ld n be   
mix$ s z to dry too quickly1 nor all[$  
to /& too long be=e introduc+ ! putty1 =
 9 ?is case ! putty :5 =c$ along by !   
knife w n slip s easily z x %\ld4  ,!   
co/ ( rubb+ & s&-pap]+ 9 ! f9i%+ process
 is v mu* less5$ if ! clean+ be ?or\gh1 
& if all ! corn]s & m\ld+s be scrap$    
out1 s t pieces ( putty d n rema9 to "w 
up into ! fir/ coat ( %ellac1 or :atev] 
f9i% may be us$ z a sub/itute = %ellac4 
,ano!r important feature 9 h>d fill+ is 
to let ! "w be well dri$ be=e apply+ !  
fir/ coat ( f9i%4 ,"o day is n suffici5t
 = ! prop] dry+ ( putty fill]s1 & if 9  
consequ5ce ( insuffici5t dry+ a "p ( !  
fill+ wa%es out1 x is s mu* lab\r lo/4  

,z a safegu>d aga9/ wa%+ out1 ^! fill]s 
%\ld be mix$ ) z mu* dry] or japan z !  
case w>rants1 = x frequ5tly occurs t "w 
mu/ be f9i%$1 or g into f9i%1 ! day     
foll[+ ! fill+1 :e!r x be dry or n4  ,by
 obs]v+ ! ma9 facts "h allud$ to1 good  
fill+ may always be obta9$1 & at a co/ n
 exce$+ t ( poor "w4  ,= ! light woods1 
includ+ a%1 *e/nut1 & oak1 ! fill+ is   
simil> to t us$ 9 walnut1 except !      
col\r+ mat]ial1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be    
slight1 or j en\gh to prev5t ! :it+ &   
pla/] f %[+ :ite 9 ! pores4 ,?is col\r+ 
may consi/ ( raw si5na1 burnt si5na1 or 
a trifle raw1 or umb]2 "o ( ^! +r$i5ts  
sep>ate1 or all ?ree comb9$1 mix$ s z to
 please ! fancy & suit ! prevail+ /yle4 
,! col\r+ may be us$ ) a dry fill+1     
al?\gh a wet fill+ is m likely to give a
 smoo? f9i% & great] satisfaction1 & !  
col\r ( ! fill] c be se5 bett] 9 ! putty
 ?an 9 ! dry p[d]4  ,^u *eap "w a fill] 
%\ld be us$ t requires ! lea/ am\nt (   
lab\r 9 its application4 ,= ?is purpose 
liquid fill]s1 l japan1 are suitable4   

,if1 h[ev]1 a f9e f9i% on f9e goods is  
requir$1 ! putty compositions ( v>i\s   
mixtures are ! m appropriate4 ,! secret 
( ! process ( fill+ consi/s 9 ! mix+ ( !
 comp\nds & ! me?od ( us+ !m4 ,a liquid 
fill] or a japan simply spread ov] ! "w 
9 "o or two coats c h>dly be call$      
fill+1 yet ?is w s]ve ! purpose v well =
 *eap furniture4  ,?ick compositions or 
putty fill]s are compos$ ( :it+ & pla/]1
 or simil> p[d]s hav+ little or no      
col\r4 ,?is mat]ial is mix$ ) oil1      
japan1 & b5z9e1 ) a suffici5t quantity (
 col\r+ matt] to please ! fancy4 ,!     
value ( ^! fill]s is 9 proportion to _! 
brittl5ess or %ortness1 z x is t]m$1 &1 
to give !m ?is quality1 pla/] is us$ & z
 mu* b5z9e or turp5t9e z ! mixture w be>
 )\t be+ too /iff or too h>d to clean   
(f4 ,sometimes a little dissolv$ %ellac 
is us$ to produce %ortness4 ,?is        
desirable feature ( a fill] is be/      
effect$ by mix+ a small quantity ( !    
mat]ial at a "t4 ,_m workm5 mi/ak5ly mix
 l>ge bat*es at a "t ) a view ( secur+  

uni=mity ( col\r1 & ?is is "o cause :y  
su* fill]s "w t\gh & produce a poor     
surface4 ,an oil mixture soon becomes   
fatty & t\gh1 & mu/ be r$uc$ 9 consi/5cy
 :5 us$1 z x is apt :5 old to drag &    
leave ! pores only p>tly fill$4 ,^!     
fill]s %\ld be mix$ fre% e day1 & all[$ 
to /iff5 & solidify 9 ! wood r ?an out (
 x4  ,! surface ( a pore is ! l>ge/ "p (
 x1 & x is desirable to fill x to a     
level z ne>ly z possible4 ,?is is done  
by us+ ! fill] ?ick or /iff4   ,mak+    
,fill]s4--,9 mak+ fill]s1 a quantity ( !
 japan :i* is us$ 9 ! +r$i5ts c be made 
at "o "t1 & us$ f z occasion may        
require4 ,x is made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3   
,japan ( ! ,be/ ,quality4--,put #c_/d   
lb4 gum %ellac into #a gall4 l9se$-oil2 
take #a_/b lb4 ea* ( li?>ge1 burnt umb]1
 & r$-lead1 also #f oz4 sug> ( lead4    
,boil 9 ! mixture ( %ellac & oil until  
all are dissolv$2 ?is w require ab\t f\r
 h\rs4 ,remove f ! fire1 & /ir 9 #a     
gall4 ( spirits ( turp5t9e1 & ! "w is   
f9i%$4  ,fill+s = ,light ,woods4--,take 

#e lb4 ( :it+1 #c lb4 calc9$ pla/]      
7pla/] ( ,p>is71 #a_/b gall4 ( raw      
l9se$-oil1 #a qt4 ( spirits ( turp5t9e1 
#a qt4 ( br[n japan1 & a little ,fr5*   
yell[ to t+e ! :ite4 ,mix well1 & apply 
) a bru%2 rub x well ) excelsior or t[1 
& clean (f ) rags4 ,?is ?or\ghly fills !
 pores ( ! wood & pres]ves its natural  
col\r4  ,ano!r = ,light ,woods4--,take  
#aj lb4 ( :it+1 #e lb4 ( calc9$ pla/]1  
#a lb4 ( corn />*1 #c oz4 calc9$        
magnesia1 #a gall4 ( raw l9se$-oil1     
#a_/b gall4 spirits ( turp5t9e1 #a qt4 (
 br[n japan1 #b oz4 ,fr5* yell[4 ,mix   
well1 & apply ) bru%2 rub 9 well )      
excelsior or t[1 & clean (f ) rags4  ,= 
,mahogany or ,*]ry ,wood4--,take #e lb4 
( :it+1 #b lb4 ( calc9$ pla/]1 #aa_/b   
oz4 dry burnt si5na1 #a oz4 ,v5etian r$1
 #a qt4 ( boil$ l9se$-oil1 #a pt4 (     
spirits ( turp5t9e1 & #a pt4 ( br[n     
japan4 ,mix well1 apply ) bru%1 & rub   
well 9 ) excelsior or t[4 ,clean (f )   
rags dry4  ,= ,oak ,wood4--,take #e lb4 
( :it+1 #b lb4 calc9$ pla/]1 #a oz4 dry 

burnt si5na1 #a_/b oz4 ( dry ,fr5*      
yell[1 #a qt4 raw l9se$-oil1 #a pt4     
b5z9e spirits1 & #a_/b pt4 :ite %ellac4 
,mix well1 apply ) bru%1 rub 9 )        
excelsior or t[1 & clean (f ) rags4  ,= 
,rosewood4--,take #f lb4 ( f9e :it+1 #b 
lb4 ( calc9$ pla/]1 #a lb4 ( rose-p9k1  
#b oz4 ( ,v5etian r$1 #a_/b lb4 ( ,v&yke
 br[n1 #a_/b lb4 ( ,br&on r$1 #a gall4 (
 boil$ l9se$-oil1 #a_/b gall4 ( spirits 
( turp5t9e1 #a qt4 ( black japan4 ,mix  
well toge!r1 apply ) bru%1 rub well 9 ) 
t[1 & clean (f ) rags4  ,= ,black       
,walnut 7#a74--;,= m$ium & *eap "w4     
,take #aj lb4 ( :it+1 #c lb4 dry burnt  
umb]1 #d lb4 ( ,v&yke br[n1 #c lb4 (    
calc9$ pla/]1 #a_/b lb4 ( ,v5etian r$1  
#a gall4 ( boil$ l9se$-oil1 #a_/b gall4 
( spirits ( turp5t9e1 #a qt4 ( black    
japan4 ,mix well & apply ) bru%2 rub    
well ) excelsior or t[1 & clean (f )    
rags4  ,= ,black ,walnut 7#b74--;,an    
improv$ fill+1 produc+ a f9e imitation (
 wax f9i%1 may be effect$ by tak+ #e lb4
 ( :it+1 ) #a lb4 ( calc9$ pla/]1 #f oz4

 ( calc9$ magnesia1 #a oz4 ( dry burnt  
umb]1 #a oz4 ( ,fr5* yell[ to t+e !     
:ite4 ,add #a qt4 ( raw l9se$-oil1 #a   
qt4 ( b5z9e spirits1 #a_/b pt4 ( v ?9   
:ite %ellac4 ,mix well1 & apply ) a     
bru%2 rub well 91 & clean (f ) rags4    
,an ,oil-,col\r = ,black ,walnut 7#c71  
to be us$ only on fir/-class & cu/om    
"w4--,take #c lb4 ( burnt umb] gr\nd 9  
oil1 #a lb4 ( burnt si5na gr\nd 9 oil1  
#a qt4 ( spirits ( turp5t9e1 #a pt4 (   
br[n japan4 ,mix well & apply ) a bru%4 
,s&-pap] well2 clean (f ) t[ & rags4    
,?is gives a beautiful *ocolate col\r to
 ! wood4  ,num]\s compositions are 9 !  
m>ket = fill+ ! pores ( wood1 & 9 ?is   
connection p>ticul> att5tion has be5    
giv5 to walnut1 = ! reason t ?is wood is
 us$ 9 l>ge quantities 9 ! furniture    
indu/ry1 & is ne>ly1 if n q1 z por\s z  
any o!r ( ! woods us$4  ,a v>iety (     
walnut fill+s h be5 recomm5d$ to ! trade
 9 ord] to meet ! dem& consequ5t ^u !   
diff]5t grades ( f9i% & ! me?od ( obta9+
 ! f9i%1 s t x w\ld be difficult to     

pron\nce z to ! sup]iority ( any "o     
fill+ = g5]al purposes4 ,9 treat+ ?is   
subject1 att5tion %\ld be giv5 to !     
necessities = ! use ( fill+1 s t ea* "o 
may det]m9e = himself ! k9d (           
composition be/ adapt$ = ! "w 9 h&1 & ! 
be/ me?od ( apply+ x4   ,f9i%+4--,hav+  
describ$ ! me?ods ( mak+ & apply+ !     
fill+s1 we w n[ describe ! mode ( f9i%+1
 & beg9 ) ! dead-oil f9i%4 ,we c rememb]
 :5 a satisfactory oil-f9i% 0 produc$   
ei!r ) a good quality ( japan or a fair 
quality ( spirits4 ,^! mat]ials are     
recomm5d$ to be us$ by inexp]i5c$ workm5
 & ^? n famili> ) ! mix+ ( ! v>i\s      
grades ( japan & v>ni% ) oil1 turp5t9e1 
b5z9e1 etc4 ,?is me?od ( oil-f9i%1 too1 
is sc>cely inf]ior to ! %ellac or       
_s-v>ni% me?od1 & x is *eap]4 ,:5 ! be/ 
f9i% is desir$1 a suffici5t numb] (     
coats to fill ! pores ( wood to a level 
are requir$1 & !n ! :ole surface %\ld be
 subject$ to ! rubb+ process4 ,! use (  
^! fill]s provides an oil-f9i% 9 a      
simplifi$ =m = ^? :o are n aw>e ( !     

diff]5ce betwe5 h>d & s(t gum           
compositions z a base = rubb+4 ,9 fact1 
! rubb+ process con/itutes a f9e        
oil-f9i%1 & requires a h>d gum1 :e!r x  
be ( japan1 v>ni%1 or %ellac4  ,! use ( 
v>ni% or its sub/itute z a fill] & f9i% 
is m frequ5t ?an ! use ( %ellac1 & =    
*eap "w x is equally good4 ,! surface   
produc$ by a h>d gum composition mu/ be 
smoo? & dead1 or b slightly gloss$1 s z 
to admit ( ! pores be+ fill$ full or to 
a level4 ,x may be add$ t a coat or any 
numb] ( coats ( ! composition ref]r$ to 
above is sub/antially a fill+1 & !      
quality ( f9i% dep5ds ^u ! numb] (      
coats1 toge!r ) ! am\nt ( rubb+ appli$4 
,?us f> we h simply call$ att5tion to ! 
be/ quality ( oil-f9i% & ! mann] (      
produc+ x4 ,possibly ?ree-f\r?s ( all   
wood-f9i%+1 p>ticul>ly walnut-f9i%+1 is 
sev]al degrees bel[ ! be/ quality4 ,9   
fact1 oil-f9i% may imply only "o coat ( 
any composition t w dry1 :ile two coats 
may be reg>d$ z fair1 & ?ree coats a v  
good quality ( f9i%4 ,= ! class ( f9i% n

 rubb$ d[n ) pumice-/one & wat]1        
oil-v>ni% w\ld be out ( place on acc\nt 
( its gloss2 h5ce %ellac1 be+ 9         
composition simil> to japan1 is ! bett] 
mat]ial1 because ( its dull appe>ance or
 lack ( gloss z comp>$ ) %ellac4  ,9    
addition to ! liquid fill]s already     
m5tion$1 !re is a putty or p[d] fill+   
us$ = cross-gra9$ woods1 or su* woods z 
h a deep pore4 ,?is fill+ is =c$ into ! 
wood previ\s to ! application ( ! o!r   
f9i%+ comp\nds1 ) ! use ( :i* x 9 no way
 int]f]es4 ,on ! contr>y1 x economises !
 use ( ! liquid fill]s1 &1 :ile         
con/itut+ a "p ( an oil-f9i%1 is also a 
f9i% :olly indep5d5t ( ! o!r me?ods     
m5tion$--t is to say1 ! same results c  
be obta9$ by ! use ( ei!r "o1 al?\gh !  
putty or p[d] fill+ is att5d$ ) great]  
exp5se bo? z to "t & mat]ial4 ,! h>d    
fill+ is g5]ally us$ on walnut1 a%1 &   
all co>se-gra9$ woods4  ,) reg>d to     
oil-f9i%es1 viz41 _s-v>ni% or oil-v>ni%1
 %ellac is ?\ght by _m to be ! be/ = f9e
 "w2 b o!rs ?9k diff]5tly4 ,we may say (

 %ellac t x w f9i% up into any degree ( 
poli%1 & :ile x w n reta9 a ,fr5* poli% 
long 9 ?is climate1 x w repl5i% easi] & 
*eap] ?an any o!r f9i%1 & cont9ue to    
improve "u ea* application4 ,= a common 
f9i%1 h[ev]1 oil prep>ation is z good z 
%ellac1 & ev5 = a f9e f9i% x is only    
second to %ellac1 if made ( a h>d gum4  
,on common f9i%1 too1 ! oil w we> bett] 
?an %ellac 9 /ock or on /orage1 s f> z  
pres]v+ its fre%ness is conc]n$4  ,! co/
 ( oil-f9i% is gov]n$ *iefly by ! am\nt 
( lab\r exp5d$ on x4 ,a suite ( walnut  
furniture c be well rubb$ ) s&-pap] 9   
two h\rs1 or ev5 less2 :ile two weeks   
c\ld be pr(itably employ$ 9 rubb+ ano!r 
suite ) pumice & wat]4   ,black ,walnut 
,f9i%+4--,! fa%ionable f9i% = black     
walnut "w1 p>ticul>ly *amb] sets1 is :at
 is kn[n to ! trade z ! dead-oil f9i%4  
,x is admir$1 p]haps1 because x has a   
gloss1 r ?an a %9e ( ! v>ni% /amp4 ,!re 
is no m lab\r requir$ ^u x ?an ^u a     
bright f9i%1 b ! process ( manipulation 
is diff]5t1 & h>d] to ! f+]s4  ,x %\ld  

be premis$ t ! walnut "w ( ! day be>s ^u
 its surface1 to a great] or less ext5t1
 rais$ panels cov]$ ) ,fr5* burl v5e]4  
,& ^u ?is fact l>gely dep5ds ! beauty ( 
! production4 ,& ! endeav\r is to s f9i%
 ! article t !re %all be a contra/      
betwe5 ! panel & ! gr\ndwork on :i* x is
 plac$4 ,9 o!r words1 ! =m] %\ld be ( a 
light col\r1 :ile ! latt] is ( a d>k]   
%ade4 ,9 t view ! pale/ %ellac %\ld be  
us$ on ! panels1 & d>k] pieces1 liv]    
col\r$1 etc41 on ! body ( ! "w4 ,! d>k] 
grades ( %ellac are ! *eap]1 & w answ] =
 ! bulk ( ! "w1 b ! cle>e/ only = !     
panels4  ,9 comm5c+ to f9i% a job direct
 f ! cab9et-mak]'s h&1 r\gh & innoc5t ( 
s&-pap]1 fir/ cov] ! panels ) a coat (  
%ellac to prev5t ! oil 9 ! fill+ f      
col\r+ !m d>k4 ,next1 cov] ! body ( ! "w
 ) a wood fill+ compos$ ( :it+ & pla/] (
 ,p>is1 mix$ ) japan1 b5z9e1 & raw      
l9se$-oil1 or ! lubricat+ oil made f    
petroleum2 ! :ole cov]$ ) umb]1 to :i*1 
9 ! r>e cases :5 a r$di% %ade is want$1 
,v5etian r$ is also add$4 ,?is fill+ is 

!n rubb$ (f ) clo?s1 & by ?is process   
t5ds to close up ! gra9 ( ! wood &      
produce an ev5 surface4 ,m or less "t   
%\ld be all[$ aft] ea* ( ! sev]al /eps 9
 ! f9i%+ process = ! "w to dry & h>d51  
?\gh mu* less is requir$ 9 work+ )      
%ellac ?an ) v>ni%es compos$ ( turp5t9e1
 oil1 & gums4 ,b ! "t t %\ld be all[$ is
 (t5 less5$ by ! desire to get ! "w     
?r\gh z soon z possible1 s t no /&>d c  
be set up z to ! numb] ( h\rs requir$   
betwe5 ea* ( ! sev]al processes4 ,x w\ld
 be well if twelve h\rs int]v5$1 b if "w
 to :i* t5 days c\ld well be devot$ mu/ 
be hurri$ ?r\gh 9 ?ree1 obvi\sly !      
processes mu/ foll[ ea* o!r 9 a         
correspond+ ha/e4  ,a coat+ ( %ellac is 
!n giv5 ! :ole "w1 light on ! panels &  
d>k on ! body "w1 & :5 x has dri$ &     
h>d5$1 :i* x does v soon1 x may be rubb$
 d[n4 ,?is process ( rubb+ d[n %\ld be  
done ev5ly & c>efully1 s z n to rub     
?r\gh ! %ellac at any po9t1 & be done ) 
! f9] grades ( s&-pap] = ! *eap] class (
 "w1 p>ticul>ly at fir/1 b at a lat]    

p]iod ( ! process1 & = ! bett] class (  
articles 9 all cases1 hair-clo? %\ld be 
us$1 ! mat]ial = ! rubb+ d[n be+        
pumice-/one moi/5$ ) raw l9se$-oil = !  
be/ "w1 & ! lubricat+ oil1 be=e m5tion$1
 = *eap] "w1 or ! cov]$ p>ts ( ! bett]  
grades4 ,?is rubb+ d[n involves lab\r1  
we> ( f+]s & f+]-nails1 & is c>ri$ on ) 
an ord9>y bit ( hair-clo?1 ! smoo?      
surface next ! wood1 & n made 9 any     
p>ticul> %ape1 b z a wad1 ball1 or      
o!rwise4 ,9 ! corn]s & crevices :]e !   
hair-clo? w n ent] x w be necess>y to   
use s&-pap] ( ! f9e/ grades1 & worn     
pieces only4  ,?ree coats ( %ellac are  
put on1 foll[$ ea* "t by ?is rubb+-d[n  
process1 ea* "o giv+ ! "w a smoo!r feel+
 & a m p]fect appe>ance4 ,aft]w>ds1 to  
complete ! :ole1 a coat+ ( japan ?9n$ ) 
b5z9e is appli$1 :i* gives to ! "w a    
clean appe>ance & ! dead glossy f9i%4   
,!re is ?is objection to ! above /yle ( 
f9i%1 t ! japan cat*es all ! du/ :i*    
t\*es x1 & holds x p]man5tly1 s t _m ( !
 be/ workm5 w n h "w f9i%$ 9 ?is way =  

_! own private h\ses1 pref]r+ ! bright] 
look giv5 by %ellac & v>ni% )\t rubb+   
d[n ! la/ coat1 believ+ t ! "w c be kept
 mu* clean]4   ,f9i%+ ,v5e]$ ,panels1   
etc4--,! l>ge oval panels ( desks1 etc41
 cov]$ ) ,fr5* v5e]1 are g5]ally tak5   
out & f9i%$ by !mselves4 ,! process is  
simil> to t above giv51 ) successive    
coats ( %ellac & v>ni%1 & ! oil &       
pumice-/one rubb+ d[n2 b ! f9al "p ( ?is
 latt] process is a rubb+ d[n )         
rott5-/one2 !n ! m]e/ trifle ( sweet-oil
 is appli$ all ov] ! surface & wip$ (f4 
7,see ,rosewood1 etc41 f>!r on47  ,=    
,light ,woods 7,dead ,f9i%74--,apply two
 or ?ree coats ( :ite %ellac2 rub d[n ) 
pumice & raw l9se$-oil1 & clean (f well 
) rags2 use v>ni%-poli% on ! panels4    
,ano!r4--,f9i% z 9 ! previ\s recipe4 ,= 
a fl[+ coat ( v>ni%-f9i% apply "o fl[+  
coat ( light amb] v>ni%4 ,if a          
v>ni%-poli% is desir$1 apply ?ree coats 
( ,zanzib> poli%+ v>ni%4 ,rub d[n &     
poli%1 & ! result w be a spl5did f9i%4  
,mahogany or ,*]ry ,wood4--,= %ellac    

dead f9i% apply two coats ( yell[       
%ellac4 ,rub d[n ) pumice & raw         
l9se$-oil4 ,if a v>ni%-f9i% is desir$1  
apply a fl[+ coat ( light amb] v>ni% or 
%ellac ?us rubb$4 ,! panels %\ld receive
 two coats ( ,zanzib> poli%+ v>ni%4     
,oak4--,= a dead f9i% give ?ree coats ( 
%ellac1 two-?irds ( :ite & "o-?ird (    
yell[1 mix$4 ,rub d[n ) pumice & raw    
l9se$-oil4 ,= a *eap v>ni%-f9i% give "o 
fl[+ coat ( light amb] v>ni% 9 ! %ellac1
 rubb$ z direct$4 ,v>ni%-poli% ! panels4
  ,rosewood1 ,corom&el1 or ,k+wood 7a   
,bright ,f9i%74--,apply two ?9 coats (  
%ellac1 s&-pap]+ ea* coat2 !n apply ?ree
 or f\r coats ( ,zanzib> poli%+ v>ni%1  
lay+ x on ?91 & giv+ x suffici5t "t to  
dry ?or\ghly4 ,:5 x is p]fectly h>d1 rub
 d[n ) pumice & wat]4 ,poli% )          
rott5-/one to a f9e lu/re1 clean up )   
sweet-oil1 & vap\r up ! oil ) a damp    
alcohol rag4 ,! result is a spl5did     
mirror-l poli%4 ,?is is ! me?od employ$ 
9 poli%+ pian(ortes 9 ,am]ica4          
,walnut4--,= a *eap f9i%1 apply "o coat 

( yell[ %ellac4 ,:5 dry1 s&-pap] d[n4   
,apply ) bru%2 rub 9 well2 clean (f )   
rags4 ,?is gives a v fair f9i%4  ,= a   
m$ium dead f9i% apply two or ?ree coats 
( yell[ %ellac4 ,:5 dry1 rub d[n )      
pumice & raw l9se$-oil2 clean up well2  
v>ni%-poli% ! panels4  ,= f9i%4 ,be=e   
us+ ! above fill+1 give ! "w "o coat (  
:ite %ellac4 ,:5 dry1 s&-pap] d[n1 &    
apply ! above fill+4 ,give two coats (  
:ite %ellac2 rub d[n ) pumice & raw     
l9se$-oil2 clean up well ) br[n japan & 
spirits ( turp5t9e1 mix$4 ,wipe (f4 ,?is
 is a good imitation ( wax-f9i%2 x is   
wat]pro(1 & w n spot z wax-f9i% does4 ,!
 panels are to be v>ni%$-poli%$4 ,?is is
 to be us$ ) ! improv$ fill+ ,no4 #b4   
,= f9i%4 ,apply ?ree coats ( yell[      
%ellac2 rub d[n ) pumice & raw          
l9se$-oil2 clean (f well4 ,v>ni%-poli% !
 panels4 ,use ?is ) ! oil col\r ,no4 #c4
   ,f9i%+ ,*eap ,"w4--,) ,"o ,coat (    
,v>ni%4--,give ! "w a coat ( boil$      
l9se$-oil2 imm$iately spr9kle dry :it+  
^u x1 & rub x well 9 ) t[ all ov] !     

surface4 ,! :it+ absorbs ! oil &        
completely fills ! pores ( ! wood4 ,=   
black walnut add a little dry burnt     
umb]4 ,= mahogany or *]ry add a little  
,v5etian r$1 accord+ to ! col\r ( !     
wood4 ,! application c be made to turn$ 
"w :ile 9 motion 9 ! la!4 ,clean (f well
 ) rags4 ,! "w c !n be f9i%$ ) a s+le   
coat ( v>ni%1 & = *eap "w makes a v good
 f9i%4  ,= v>ni%+ l>ge surfaces1 a      
two-in* oval v>ni% bru% is to be us$    
fir/ to lay out ! v>ni%1 & !n a two-in* 
flat badg] fl[+-bru% = a s(t5]4 ,! latt]
 lays d[n moats & bubbles left by ! l>ge
 bru%4 ,a p]fectly smoo? glass-l surface
 is ?us obta9$4 ,:5 n 9 use1 ^! tools   
%\ld be put into a pot conta9+ raw      
l9se$-oil & spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,?is    
keeps !m 9 a bett] work+ condition ?an  
if !y are kept 9 v>ni%1 mak+ !m clean & 
s(t4 ,/&+ 9 v>ni% !y congeal & become   
h>d z ! _s evaporates f ! v>ni%4 ,=     
%ellac+ a l>ge surface use a two-in*    
bri/le bru%2 = small "w1 su* z c>v+s &  
m\ld+s1 use a "o-&-a-half in* flat bru%4

 ,^! bru%es :5 n 9 use %\ld be tak5 f ! 
v>i\s pots & deposit$ 9 an e>!n pot     
suffici5tly l>ge to hold all ! %ellac   
bru%es us$ 9 ! %op4 ,put 9 en\gh ( raw  
l9se$-oil & ?9 %ellac to cov] ! bri/les 
( ! bru%es4 ,kept 9 ?is mann]1 !y w     
rema9 clean & ela/ic1 & w we> mu* long]4
  ,wax ,f9i%+4--,take #a_/b gall4 (     
turp5t9e1 #aa_/b lb4 yell[ beeswax1 #a  
lb4 :ite beeswax1 #a_/b lb4 :ite ros94  
,pulv]ise ! ros91 & %ave ! wax into f9e 
%av+s4 ,put ! :ole into ! turp5t9e1 &   
dissolve x cold4 ,if dissolv$ by a      
fire-heat1 ! vitality ( ! wax is        
de/roy$4 ,:5 x is ?or\ghly dissolv$1 mix
 well & apply ) a /iff bru%4 ,rub well  
91 & clean (f ) rags4 ,:5 dry1 x is     
ready = %ellac or v>ni% z may be desir$4
  ,a ,v>ni% ,poli%4--,take #aj oz4 gum  
%ellac1 #a oz4 gum s&>a*1 #a dra*m      
,v5ice turp5t9e1 #a gall4 alcohol4 ,put 
! mixture into a jug = a day or two1    
%ak+ occasionally4 ,:5 dissolv$ x is    
ready = use4 ,apply a few coats4 ,poli% 
by rubb+ smoo?4  ,= ! commone/ k9d ( "w 

9 black walnut a v *eap poli% c be made 
9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,take #a gall4 (      
turp5t9e1 #b lb4 pulv]is$ asphaltum1 #a 
qt4 boil$ l9se$-oil1 #b oz4 ,v5etian r$4
 ,put ! mixture 9 a w>m place & %ake    
occasionally4 ,:5 x is dissolv$1 /ra9 & 
apply to ! wood ) a /iff bru%4 ,rub well
 ) clo? :5 dry4 ,!n take #a pt4 ( ?9    
%ellac1 #a_/b pt4 boil$ l9se$-oil4 ,%ake
 x well be=e us+4 ,apply ) clo?1 rubb+  
briskly1 & y w h a f9e poli%4  ,) ,copal
 or ,zanzib> ,v>ni%4--,z a sub/itute =  
fill+1 ! wood may receive "o coat (     
native coal-oil1 ?9n$ ) b5z9e-spirits2  
!n apply "o coat ( %ellac1 & foll[ )    
v>ni%1 z desir$4 ,! "t is n f> di/ant :5
 manufactur]s mu/ & w use v>ni% = !     
f9i%+ ( all k9ds ( furniture on acc\nt (
 ! high price ( %ellac4 ,furniture f9i%$
 9 ! la/-nam$ me?od may be rubb$ ) ei!r 
wat] or oil4 ,wat] has a t5d5cy to h>d5 
v>ni%1 :ile oil s(t5s x4 ,if wat] is us$
 !re w be a sav+ ( oil & rags4 ,9 ! o!r 
case %ellac1 :5 rubb$ ) oil1 %\ld be    
clean$ ) japan4 ,?is removes ! greasy & 

cl\dy appe>ance :i* is left aft] ! rubb+
 ) oil1 & ! "w w h a clean1 dry1 &      
bright] appe>ance ?an o!rwise4  ,we     
sugge/ ano!r idea = f9i%+ black walnut =
 a *eap or a m$ium class ( "w4 ,9 ! fir/
 place1 fill ! pores ( ! wood1 & apply  
"o ?9 coat ( %ellac to hold ! fill+ 9 ! 
pores ( ! wood4 ,let ?is /& "o day2     
s&-pap] d[n ) f9e pap]1 !n ) a bru%     
apply a coat ( coa* japan4 ,rub well1 & 
clean (f ) rags4 ,let ?is /& "o day to  
dry1 !n1 ) "s s&-pap] t has be5 us$     
be=e1 take (f ! moats f ! japan4 ,g ov] 
! :ole surface ) a s(t rag saturat$ )   
japan2 wipe & clean (f c>efully1 & ! job
 is f9i%$4 ,?is1 ?\gh a *eap f9i%1 is a 
good "o = ?is class ( "w4  ,we give "o m
 me?od ( f9i%+ black walnut1 t is1 )    
boil$ l9se$-oil only1 & !re is no o!r   
way ( obta9+ a g5u9e oil-f9i%4 ,s&-pap] 
! wood d[n smoo?ly2 apply a coat ( boil$
 l9se$-oil ov] ! :ole surface2 s&-pap]  
well1 & clean up dry ) rags2 let x /& "o
 day to dry1 !n apply "o m coat ( oil2  
rub well 9 ) rags1 b d n use s&-pap] on 

?is coat4 ,apply ?ree1 f\r1 or m coats 9
 ! same way4 ,:5 ! "w has receiv$ ! la/ 
coat ( oil & is dry1 s&-pap] d[n ) old  
pap]4 ,!n clean up ) ! be/ coa* japan ) 
rags1 & let ! "w /& "o day to dry4 ,!   
panels are to be v>ni%-poli%$ ! same z  
o!r wood4 ,! "w is !n f9i%$1 & ready = !
 w>]ooms4  ,?is me?od takes a long] "t  
?an f9i%+ ) ei!r v>ni% or %ellac2 b !   
co/ is less bo? = mat]ials & = lab\r1 ! 
workman be+ able to g ov] a great]      
surface 9 ! same "t4 ,! "w w /& long]1 &
 ! me?od gives a ri* & close f9i%1 br++ 
out ! figure & ri* col\r ( ! wood bett] 
?an 9 any o!r me?od ( f9i%+4 ,x does n  
co/ s mu* z %ellac f9i%2 x only requires
 a little m "t = dry+ betwe5 ! coats (  
oil4 ,9 f9i%+ 9 v>ni% or %ellac1 to get 
! body or surface = poli%+ ?ree or f\r  
coats are frequ5tly appli$1 :i* is      
liable to produce a dull cl\dy          
appe>ance4 ,= ?is reason1 & hav+ 9 view 
! high & increas+ price ( /ock1 x seems 
to u t ?is really sup]ior me?od ( f9i%+ 
9 oil mu/ take ! place ( %ellac &       

v>ni%-f9i% 9 good "w4   ,poli%+         
,v>ni%4--,?is is c]ta9ly a t$i\s        
process1 & consid]$ by _m a matt] (     
difficulty4 ,! foll[+ is ! mode (       
proc$ure3 ,put two ounces ( p[d]$       
tripoli into an e>!n pot or bas91 ) wat]
 suffici5t to cov] x2 !n1 ) a piece (   
f9e flannel f\r times d\bl$1 laid ov] a 
piece ( cork rubb]1 proce$ to poli% y\r 
v>ni%1 always wett+ x well ) ! tripoli &
 wat]4 ,y w "k :5 ! process is complete 
by wip+ a "p ( ! "w ) a sponge & obs]v+ 
:e!r !re is a fair & ev5 gloss4 ,clean  
(f ) a bit ( mutton suet & f9e fl\r4 ,be
 c>eful n to rub ! "w too h>d1 or long] 
?an is necess>y to make ! face p]fectly 
smoo? & ev54 ,"s workm5 poli% )         
rott5-/one1 o!rs ) putty-p[d]1 & o!rs ) 
common :it+ & wat]2 b tripoli1 we ?9k1 w
 be f\nd to answ] be/4   ,an ,am]ican   
,poli% ,reviv]4--,take ( olive-oil #a   
lb41 ( rectifi$ oil ( amb] #a lb41      
spirits ( turp5t9e #a lb41 oil ( lav5d] 
#a oz41 t9cture ( alkanet-root #a_/b oz4
 ,saturate a piece ( cotton batt+ ) ?is 

poli%1 & apply x to ! wood2 !n1 ) s(t & 
dry cotton rags1 rub well & wipe (f dry4
 ,?is w make old furniture 9 private    
dwell+s1 or t :i* has be5 %op-worn 9    
w>]ooms1 look z well z :5 fir/ f9i%$4 ,!
 articles %\ld be put into a j> or jug1 
well mix$1 & aft]w>ds kept tightly      
cork$4  ,?is is a valuable recipe1 & is 
n kn[n1 ! writ] believes1 outside ( 8   
practice4     ,,*apt] ,x4               
,,miscellane\s ,,recipes4   ,oil        
,poli%4--,"o qu>t ( cold-drawn l9se$-oil
 to be simm]$ 7n boil$7 = t5 m9utes1 &  
/ra9$ ?r\gh flannel2 !n add "o-eigh? "p 
( spirits ( turp5t9e3 to be appli$ daily
 ) s(t l95 rags1 & rubb$ (f lightly2 ea*
 "t ! oil is appli$ ! surface %\ld be   
previ\sly wa%$ ) cold wat]1 s z to      
remove any dirt or du/4 ,?is me?od (    
poli%+ is p>ticul>ly useful = d9+-table 
tops2 x w 9 ab\t six weeks produce a    
poli% s durable z to resi/ boil+ wat] or
 hot di%es1 & be l a mirror =           
brilliancy4   ,wax ,poli%4--,eight      
ounces ( beeswax1 #b oz4 ( res91 & #a_/b

 oz4 ( ,v5etian turp5t9e1 to be melt$   
ov] a sl[ fire2 ! mass1 :5 q melt$1 is  
p\r$ into a suffici5tly l>ge /one-w>e   
pot1 & :ile x is /ill w>m #f oz4 (      
rectifi$ turp5t9e are /irr$ 94 ,aft] !  
lapse ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! mass w h assum$
 ! consi/5cy ( s(t butt]1 & is ready =  
use4 ,a small portion ( ! poli% is tak5 
up ) a wooll5 rag & rubb$ ov] ! surface 
( ! "w--at fir/ g5tly1 !n m /rongly4 ,:5
 ! poli% is uni=mly laid on1 ! surface  
is once m rubb$ lightly & quickly ) a   
fre% clean rag to produce a gloss4      
,wat]pro( ,fr5* ,poli%4--,take #b oz4   
gum b5jam91 #a_/b oz4 gum s&>a*1 #a_/b  
oz4 gum anme1 #aa_/b oz4 gum b5zo91 & #a
 pt4 alcohol4 ,mix 9 a closely-/opp]$   
bottle1 & put 9 a w>m place till ! gums 
are well dissolv$4 ,!n /ra9 (f1 & add   
#a_/d gill ( poppy-oil4 ,%ake well      
toge!r1 & x is ready = use4   ,a ,v>ni% 
= ,musical ,in/rum5ts4--,take "o gallon 
( alcohol1 #a lb4 gum s&>a*1 #a_/b lb4  
gum ma/ic1 #b lbs4 be/ :ite res91 #c    
lbs4 gum b5zo92 cut ! gums cold4 ,:5 !y 

are ?or\ghly dissolv$1 /ra9 ! mixture   
?r\gh f9e musl91 & bottle = use2 keep ! 
bottle tightly cork$4 ,?is is a         
beautiful v>ni% = viol9s & o!r musical  
in/rum5ts ( wood1 & = fancy articles1   
su* z ^? ( inlaid "w4 ,x is also well   
adapt$ = panel-"w1 & all k9ds ( cab9et  
furniture4 ,!re is requir$ only "o fl[+ 
coat1 & x produces a v f9e mirror-l     
surface4 ,apply ?is v>ni% ) a flat      
camel's-hair or sable bru%4 ,9 an h\r   
aft] application ! surface is p]fectly  
dry4   ,fr5* ,v>ni% = ,cab9et-"w4--,take
 ( %ellac #aa_/b oz4 gum ma/ic & gum    
s&>a*1 ( ea* #a_/b oz41 _s ( w9e by     
weight #bj oz4 ,! gums to be fir/       
dissolv$ 9 ! _s1 & la/ly ! %ellac4 ,?is 
may be be/ effect$ by means ( !         
wat]-ba?4 ,place a loosely-cork$ bottle 
conta9+ ! mixture 9 a vessel ( w>m wat] 
( a temp]ature bel[ ! boil+ po9t1 & let 
x rema9 until ! gums are dissolv$4 ,%\ld
 evaporation take place1 an equal       
quantity to ! _s ( w9e s lo/ mu/ be     
replac$ till ! mixture settles1 !n p\r  

(f ! cle> liquid = use1 leav+ !         
impurities beh9d2 b d n filt] x4 ,great]
 h>dness may be giv5 to ! v>ni% by      
increas+ ! quantity ( %ellac1 :i* may be
 done to ! am\nt ( "o-twelf? ( ! lac to 
elev5-twelf?s ( _s4 ,b 9 ?is latt]      
proportion ! v>ni% loses its transp>5cy 
9 "s degree1 & mu/ be laid on 9 v small 
quantities at a "t4   ,ma/ic            
,v>ni%4--,ma/ic %\ld be dissolv$ 9 oil (
 turp5t9e1 9 close glass vessels1 by    
means ( a g5tle heat4 ,?is v>ni% is     
ext5sively us$ 9 transp>5cies1 etc4     
,cab9et-mak]'s ,v>ni%4--,take #e lbs4 v 
pale gum %ellac1 #g oz4 gum ma/ic1 #a   
gallon alcohol4 ,dissolve 9 a cold      
atmosph]e ) frequ5t /irr+4   ,amb]      
,v>ni%4--,?is is a mo/ difficult v>ni%  
to make4 ,x is usually prep>$ by roa/+ !
 amb] & add+ hot l9se$-oil1 aft] :i*    
turp5t9e c be mix$ if requir$4 ,b = a   
small quantity1 dissolve ! brok5 amb]1  
)\t heat1 9 ! smalle/ possible quantity 
( *lor(orm or pure b5z9e4 ,heat !       
l9se$-oil1 remove x f ! fire1 & p\r 9 ! 

amb] solution1 /irr+ all ! "t4 ,!n add !
 turp5t9e4 ,if n q cle>1 heat aga91 us+ 
! utmo/ caution4   ,col\rless ,v>ni% )  
,copal4--,to prep>e ?is v>ni% ! copal   
mu/ be pick$2 ea* piece is brok51 & a   
drop ( rosem>y-oil p\r$ on x4 ,^? pieces
 :i*1 on contact ) ! oil1 become s(t are
 ! ones us$4 ,! pieces be+ select$1 !y  
are gr\nd & pass$ ?r\gh a sieve1 be+    
r$uc$ to a f9e p[d]4 ,x is !n plac$ 9 a 
glass1 & a correspond+ volume (         
rosem>y-oil p\r$ ov] x2 ! mixture is !n 
/irr$ = a few m9utes until x is trans=m$
 into a ?ick liquor4 ,x is !n left to   
re/ = two h\rs1 :5 a few drops (        
rectifi$ alcohol are add$1 & intimately 
mix$4 ,repeat ! op]ation until ! v>ni%  
is ( a suffici5t consi/5cy2 leave ! re/ 
= a few days1 & decant ! cle>4 ,?is     
v>ni% c be appli$ to wood & metals      
7,j\rnal ( ,appli$ ,*emi/ry74   ,se$lac 
,v>ni%4--,wa% #c oz4 ( se$lac 9 sev]al  
wat]s2 dry x & p[d] x co>sely4 ,dissolve
 x 9 "o p9t ( rectifi$ spirits ( w9e2   
submit x to g5tle heat1 %ak+ x z (t5 z  

conv5i5t1 until x appe>s dissolv$4 ,p\r 
(f ! cle> "p1 & /ra9 ! rema9d]4   ,pat5t
 ,v>ni% = ,wood or ,canvas4--,take #a   
gallon spirits ( turp5t9e1 #ba_/d lbs4  
asphaltum4 ,put !m into an iron kettle  
on a /ove1 & dissolve ! gum by heat4 ,:5
 x is dissolv$ & a little cool1 add #a  
p9t copal v>ni% & #a p9t boil$          
l9se$-oil4 ,:5 entirely cool x is ready 
= use4 ,= a p]fect black add a little   
lamp-black4   ,copal ,v>ni%4--,dissolve 
! copal1 brok5 9 pieces1 9 l9se$-oil1 by
 dige/ion1 ! heat be+ almo/ suffici5t to
 boil ! oil4 ,! oil %\ld be made dry+ by
 ! addition ( quick-lime4 ,?is makes a  
beautiful transp>5t v>ni%4 ,x %\ld be   
dilut$ ) oil ( turp5t9e2 a v small      
quantity ( copal1 9 proportion to ! oil1
 w be f\nd suffici5t4   ,c>riage        
,v>ni%4--,take #ai oz4 gum s&>a*1 #ia_/b
 oz4 orange %ellac1 #aba_/b oz4 :ite    
res91 #ah oz4 turp5t9e1 #e p9ts alcohol4
 ,dissolve & /ra94 ,use = ! int]nal p>ts
 ( c>riages & simil> purposes4 ,?is     
v>ni% dries 9 t5 m9utes4   ,transp>5t   

,v>ni%4--,take #a gallon alcohol1 #b    
lbs4 gum s&>a*1 #a_/b lb4 gum ma/ic4    
,place !m 9 a t9 c4 ,cork tight & %ake  
frequ5tly1 plac+ ! c 9 a w>m place4 ,:5 
dissolv$ x is ready = use4   ,cry/al    
,v>ni% = ,maps1 etc4--,mix toge!r #a oz4
 ,canada balsam & #b oz4 spirits (      
turp5t9e4 ,be=e apply+ ?is v>ni% to a   
draw+ or a pa9t+ 9 wat]-col\rs ! pap]   
%\ld be plac$ on a /ret*]1 siz$ ) a ?9  
solution ( is+lass 9 wat]1 & dri$4      
,apply ! v>ni% ) a s(t camel's-hair     
bru%4   ,a ,black ,v>ni%4--,mix a small 
quantity ( gas-black ) ! br[n h>d v>ni% 
previ\sly m5tion$4 ,! black c be obta9$ 
by boil+ a pot ov] a gas-burn]1 s t x   
almo/ t\*es ! burn]1 :5 a f9e jet-black 
w =m at ! bottom1 :i* remove & mix ) !  
v>ni%1 & apply ) a bru%4   ,a ,black    
,poli% c be made 9 ! same way3 aft]     
wett+ ! rubb]1 j t\* x ) ! black4 ,place
 ! l95 cov] ov]1 t\* x ) oil1 & x is    
ready = "w4   ,v>ni% = ,iron4--,take #b 
lbs4 pulv]is$ gum asphaltum1 #a_/d lb4  
gum b5zo91 #a gallon spirits ( turp5t9e4

 ,to make ?is v>ni% quickly1 keep 9 a   
w>m place1 & %ake (t5 till x is         
dissolv$4 ,%ade to suit ) f9ely-gr\nd   
ivory-black4 ,apply ) a bru%4 ,?is v>ni%
 %\ld be us$ on iron-"w expos$ to !     
wea!r4 ,x is also well adapt$ = inside  
"w1 su* z iron furniture1 :]e a h&some  
poli% is desir$4   ,v>ni% =             
,tools4--,take #b oz4 tall[1 #a oz4     
res92 melt toge!r1 & /ra9 :ile hot to   
remove ! specks :i* are 9 ! res94 ,apply
 a slight coat on ! tools ) a bru%1 & x 
w keep (f ! ru/ = any l5g? ( "t4   ,to  
,make ,labels ,adh]e to a ,poli%$       
,surface4--,bru% ! back ( a label ov] ) 
?9 v>ni% or poli%1 & press d[n ) a s(t  
rag2 ?is mu/ be done quickly1 z ! poli% 
soon becomes dry4 ,?is is ! way labels  
are put on pian(ortes1 & also ! pap]    
imitation ( fancy woods on poli%$       
p9e-"w4   ,h[ to ,remove ,fr5* ,poli% or
 ,v>ni% f ,old ,"w4--,clean+ (f old "w =
 re-poli%+ or v>ni%+ is usually f\nd    
difficult1 & to occupy mu* "t if only ! 
scrap] & glass-pap] be us$4 ,x c be     

easily accompli%$ 9 a v %ort "t by wa%+ 
! surface ) liquid ammonia1 appli$ ) a  
piece ( rag2 ! poli% w peel (f l a sk91 
& leave ! wood q b>e4 ,9 c>v+s or turn$ 
"w1 aft] apply+ ! ammonia1 use a h>d    
bru% to remove ! v>ni%4 ,unadult]at$    
spirits ( w9e us$ 9 a tepid /ate w answ]
 ! same purpose4   ,col\r+ = ,c>case    
,"w4--,9 ! be/ class ( cab9et-"w all !  
inside "w--su* z c>case backs1 %elves1  
etc4--is made ( good mat]ials1 su* z    
wa9scot1 s(t mahogany1 ,havannah c$>1 or
 ,am]ican walnut2 b = second-class "w1  
p9e or :ite deal is us$ in/ead1 &       
col\r$4  ,! col\r+ matt] us$ %\ld mat* )
 ! ext]ior wood4 ,= mahogany take #a_/b 
lb4 ( gr\nd yell[ o*re to a qu>t ( wat]1
 & add ab\t a tablespoonful ( ,v5etian  
r$--a v small quantity ( r$ 9 proportion
 to ! yell[ is suffici5t = mahogany--& a
 piece ( glue ab\t ! size ( a walnut2 ! 
:ole to be well /irr$ & boil$4 ,bru% ov]
 :ile hot1 & imm$iately rub (f ) s(t    
%av+s or a sponge4 ,= ! antique hues (  
old wa9scot mix equal p>ts ( burnt umb] 

& br[n o*re4 ,= new oak1 bird's-eye     
maple1 bir*1 sat9-wood1 or any simil>   
light yell[i% woods1 :it+ or :ite-lead1 
t9t$ ) orange *rome1 or by yell[ o*re & 
a little size4 ,= walnut1 br[n umb]1    
glue size1 & wat]2 or by burnt umb] v   
mod]ately modifi$ ) yell[ o*re4 ,=      
rosewood1 ,v5etian r$ t9t$ ) lamp-black4
 ,= ebony1 ivory-black2 b = ! common    
ebonis$ "w lamp-black is g5]ally us$4   
,:5 ! col\r+ is dry1 x %\ld be rubb$ d[n
 ) a piece ( worn f9e glass-pap]1 &     
poli%$ ) beeswax rubb$ on a v h>d       
bru%--a worn-out scrubb+-bru% is z good 
z any?+--or x c be well rubb$ ) ,dut*   
ru%4 ,9 poli%+ always rub ! way ( !     
gra94 ,! *eap "w seldom gets m ?an a    
coat ( col\r rubb$ (f ) %av+s4   ,*eap b
 ,valuable ,/a9 = ! ,sap ( ,black       
,walnut4--,take #a gallon ( /rong v9eg>1
 #a lb4 dry burnt umb]1 #a_/b lb4 f9e   
rose-p9k1 #a_/b lb4 dry burnt ,v&yke    
br[n4 ,put !m into a jug & mix !m well2 
let ! mixture /& "o day1 & x w !n be    
ready = use4 ,apply ?is /a9 to ! sap ) a

 piece ( f9e sponge2 x w dry 9 half an  
h\r4 ,! :ole piece is !n ready = ! fill+
 process4 ,:5 complet$1 ! /a9$ "p _c be 
detect$ ev5 by ^? :o h p]=m$ ! "w4 ,?is 
recipe is ( value1 z by x wood ( poor   
quality & mo/ly ( sap c be us$ ) good   
effect4   ,poli% = ,remov+ ,/a9s1 etc41 
f ,furniture 7,am]ican74--,take #a_/b   
p9t alcohol1 #a_/d oz4 pulv]is$ res91   
#a_/d oz4 gum %ellac1 #a_/b p9t boil$   
l9se$-oil4 ,%ake ! mixture well1 & apply
 x ) a sponge1 bru%1 or cotton flannel1 
rubb+ well aft] ! application4   ,walnut
 ,/a9 to be us$ on ,p9e &               
,:ite-wood4--,take #a gallon ( v ?9 siz$
 %ellac2 add #a lb4 ( dry burnt umb]1 #a
 lb4 ( dry burnt si5na1 & #a_/d lb4 (   
lamp-black4 ,put ^! articles into a jug1
 & %ake frequ5tly until !y are mix$4    
,apply "o coat ) a bru%4 ,:5 ! "w is    
dry1 s&-pap] d[n ) f9e pap]1 & apply "o 
coat ( %ellac or *eap v>ni%4 ,x w !n be 
a good imitation ( solid walnut1 & w be 
adapt$ = ! back-bo>ds ( mirror-frames1 =
 ! backside & inside ( case-"w1 & =     

simil> "w4   ,rosewood ,/a94--,take #a  
lb4 ( logwood *ips1 #a_/b lb4 ( r$-s&]s1
 #a_/b gallon ( wat]4 ,boil ov] a fire  
until ! full /r5g? is obta9$4 ,apply !  
mixture1 :ile hot1 to ! wood ) a bru%4  
,use "o or two coats to obta9 a /rong r$
 col\r4 ,!n take #a gallon ( spirits (  
turp5t9e & #b lb4 ( asphaltum4 ,dissolve
 9 an iron kettle on a /ove1 /irr+      
con/antly4 ,apply ) a bru% ov] ! r$ /a91
 to imitate rosewood4 ,to make a p]fect 
black1 add a little lamp-black4 ,!      
addition ( a small quantity ( v>ni% ) ! 
turp5t9e w improve x4 ,?is /a9 appli$ to
 bir*wood gives z good an imitation (   
rosewood z on black walnut1 ! %ade on ! 
bir* be+ a little bright]4   ,rosewood  
,/a9 = ,cane ,"w1 etc4--,take #a gallon 
alcohol1 #a lb4 r$-s&]s1 #a lb4 dragon's
 blood1 #a lb4 extract logwood1 #a_/b   
lb4 gum %ellac4 ,put ! mixture into a   
jug1 & /eep well till x obta9s its full 
/r5g?4 ,!n /ra91 & x w be ready = use4  
,apply ) bru%1 giv+ "o1 two1 or m coats1
 accord+ to ! dep? ( col\r desir$4 ,!n  

give "o or m coats ( v>ni%4 ,?is /a9 is 
suitable = use on cane1 will[1 or re$   
"w1 & produces a good imitation (       
rosewood4   ,fr5* ,poli% ,reviv]4--,?is 
recipe w be f\nd a valuable "o4 ,if ! "w
 is sweat$ & dirty1 make x tol]ably wet1
 & let x /& a few m9utes2 !n rub (f &   
poli% ) a s(t rag4 ,x is important t !  
+r$i5ts %\ld be mix$ 9 a bottle 9 ! ord]
 z giv53 ,v9eg>1 #a gill2 me?ylat$ _s1  
#a gill2 l9se$-oil1 #a_/b p9t2 butt] (  
antimony 7poison71 #a oz4 ,raw          
l9se$-oil1 mod]ately ?9n$ ) turp5t9e or 
spirits ( w9e1 w also make a good       
reviv]4 ,old furniture1 or furniture t  
has be5 w>eh\s$ = a long "t1 %\ld be    
wa%$ ) soda & w>m wat] previ\s to apply+
 ! reviv]4   ,morocco ,lea!r            
,reviv]4--,! cov]+s ( *airs or s(as 9   
morocco1 roan1 or skiv] c be mu* improv$
 by ?is reviv]4 ,if old & greasy1 wa% ) 
s\r milk fir/4 ,! reviv] %\ld be appli$ 
) a piece ( wadd+1 & wip$ "o way only1 z
 9 glaz+4 ,! col\r c be mat*$ by add+   
r$-s&]s4 ,me?ylat$ _s1 #a_/b p9t2 gum   

b5zo91 #b oz42 %ellac1 #a_/b oz4 ,mix1 &
 %ake up occasionally until dissolv$4   
,hair-clo? ,reviv]4--,mix equal p>ts (  
m>r[-oil 7neats-foot71 ox-gall4 &       
ivory-black1 to be well rubb$ ) a clo?4 
,?is composition =ms a valuable r5ovator
 = old hair-clo?4   ,to ,remove ,grease 
,/a9s f ,silks1 ,damasks1 ,clo?1        
etc4--,p\r ov] ! /a9 a small quantity ( 
b5zol9e _s1 & x w soon disappe> )\t     
leav+ ! lea/ m>k beh9d4 ,! mo/ delicate 
col\rs c be s treat$ )\t fe> ( injury4  
,= pa9t /a9s *lor(orm is v efficaci\s4  
,to ,remove ,ink ,/a9s f ,:ite          
,m>ble4--,make a little *loride ( lime  
into a pa/e ) wat]1 & rub x into ! /a9s1
 & let x rema9 a few h\rs2 !n wa% (f )  
soap & wat]4     ,,*apt] ,,xi4          
,,mat]ials ,,us$4   ,alkanet-root       
7botanical "n1 ,an*usa t9ctoria74--,?is 
plant is a native ( ! ,levant1 b x is   
mu* cultivat$ 9 ! s\? ( ,france & 9     
,g]many4 ,! root is ! only "p us$ by    
,fr5* poli%]s to obta9 a ri* quiet r$2 !
 col\r+ is *iefly conta9$ 9 ! b>k or    

out] cov]+1 & is easily obta9$ by soak+ 
! root 9 spirits or l9se$-oil4 ,! plant 
itself is a small h]bace\s p]5nial1 &   
gr[s to ab\t a foot 9 height1 )         
lance-%ap$ leaves & purple fl[]s1 & ) a 
long woody root ) a deep r$ b>k4        
,madd]-root 7,rubia t9ctoria74--,?is    
plant is indig5\s to ! ,levant2 b x is  
mu* cultivat$ 9 ,s\!rn ,europe1 & also 9
 ,india4 ,its uses are = dye+ & /a9+2 x 
c be procur$ 9 a p[d]$ /ate1 & imp>ts   
its r$ col\r :5 soak$ 9 wat] or spirits4
 ,?is is a creep+ plant ) a sl5d] /em2  
almo/ quadrangul>1 ! leaves gr[ f\r 9 a 
bun*2 fl[]s small1 fruit yell[1 b]ry    
d\ble1 "o be+ abortive4 ,! roots are dug
 up :5 ! plant has atta9$ ! age ( two or
 ?ree ye>s2 !y are ( a long cyl9drical  
%ape1 ab\t ! ?ickness ( a quill1 & ( a  
r$-br[ni% col\r1 & :5 p[d]$ are a bright
 ,turki%-r$4 ,extracts ( madd] are mo/ly
 obta9$ by treat+ ! root ) boil+ wat]1  
collect+ ! precipitates :i* sep>ate on  
cool+1 mix+ !m ) gum or />*1 & add+     
acetate ( alum9a or iron4 ,?is is 9 fact

 a mixture ( col\r+ matt] & a mordant4  
,r$-s&]s 7,pt]oc>pus santal9us74--,!    
tree f :i* ?is wood is obta9$ is a l(ty 
"o1 & is to be f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ,india1 
especially ab\t ,madras4 ,x yields a dye
 ( a bright g>net-r$ col\r1 & is us$ by 
,fr5* poli%]s = dye+ poli%es1 v>ni%es1  
reviv]s1 etc4   ,logwood 7,hmatoxylon   
campea*ianum74--,?is is a mod]ate-siz$  
tree ) a v contort$ trunk & bran*es1 :i*
 are beset ) %>p ?orns1 & blooms ) a    
yell[ fl[]4 ,x is a native ( ,c5tral    
,am]ica & ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,?is valuable 
dye-wood is import$ 9 logs2 ! he>t-wood 
is ! mo/ valuable1 :i* is cut up into   
*ips or gr\nd to p[d] = ! use ( dy]s by 
l>ge p[]ful mills con/ruct$ especially =
 ! purpose4 ,logwood1 :5 boil$ 9 wat]1  
easily imp>ts its r$ col\r4 ,if a few   
drops ( acetic acid 7v9eg>7 is add$1 a  
bright r$ is produc$2 & :5 a little alum
 is add$ = a mordant1 x =ms r$ ink4 ,if 
an alkali1 su* z soda or pota%1 is us$  
in/ead ( an acid1 ! col\r *anges to a   
d>k blue or purple1 & ) a little        

managem5t e %ade ( ^! col\rs c be       
obta9$4 ,logwood put into poli% or v>ni%
 also imp>ts its r$ col\r4   ,fu/ic     
7,maclura t9ctoria74--,?is tree is a    
native ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 & imp>ts a     
yell[ dye4 ,great quantities are us$ =  
dye+ l95s1 etc4 ,! fu/ic is a l>ge &    
h&some ev]gre51 & is import$ 9 long     
/icks4   ,turm]ic 7,curcuma             
longa74--,turm]ic is a /emless plant1 ) 
palmat$ tub]\s roots & smoo? lance-%ap$ 
leaves4 ,x is import$ f ! ,ea/ ,indies &
 ,*9a4 ,! root is ! "p :i* af=ds ! yell[
 p[d] = dye+4 ,x is also a condim5t1 &  
is l>gely us$ 9 ,indian curry-p[d]4     
,pap] /a9$ ) turm]ic is us$ by *emi/s z 
a te/ = alkalies1 & x is also us$ 9 mak+
 ,dut*1 p9k1 & gold-col\r$ v>ni%es4     
,indigo 7,indig(]a t9ctoria74--,indigo  
is a %rub :i* gr[s f two to ?ree feet 9 
height1 & is cut d[n j z x beg9s to     
fl[]4 ,x is cultivat$ 9 almo/ all !     
c\ntries situat$ 9 ! tropics4 ,! dye    
sub/ance is prep>$ f ! /ems & leaves1 & 
is l>gely us$ 9 calico-pr9t+4   ,p]sian 

,b]ries 7,rhamnus infectorius74--,^!    
b]ries are ! produce ( a %rub ( a       
species ( buck?orn common 9 ,p]sia1 :5ce
 !y d]ive _! "n2 b l>ge quantities are  
also import$ into ,engl& f ,turkey & !  
s\? ( ,france4 ,! b]ries are ga!r$ 9 an 
unripe /ate1 & furni% a yell[ dye4      
,nut-galls4--,^! are f\nd ^u ! "y twigs 
( ! ,turki% dw>f oak 7,qu]cus           
infectoria71 & are produc$ by ! puncture
 ( an insect call$ ,cynips4 ,! supply is
 pr9cipally f ,turkey & ,aleppo4        
,nut-galls conta9 a l>ge quantity (     
tann9 & gallic acid1 & are ext5sively   
us$ 9 dye+4   ,cate*u4--,?is is obta9$ f
 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 & is ! extract ( !     
,acacia cate*u1 a ?orny tree4 ,! wood is
 cut up into *ips simil> to logwood1 &  
aft] boil+ & evaporation ! liquor       
assumes ! consi/5cy ( t>2 b :5 cold x   
h>d5s1 & is =m$ into small squ>es4 ,x is
 ext5sively us$ by tann]s 9 place ( oak 
b>k4   ,?us4--,?us is ! res9 :i* exudes 
f ! spruce-fir1 & is us$ by "s poli%]s 9
 ! mak+ ( poli%es & v>ni%es4   ,s&>a* is

 ! produce ( ! ,?uya articulata (       
,b>b>y4 ,x occurs 9 small pale yell[    
scales1 slightly acid1 & is soluble 9   
alcohol2 x is us$ 9 bo? poli%es &       
v>ni%es4   ,ma/ic exudes f ! ma/ic-tree 
7,pi/acia l5tiscus71 & is pr9cipally    
obta9$ f ,*ios1 9 ! ,grecian            
,ar*ipelago4 ,x runs freely :5 an       
incision is made 9 ! body ( ! tree1 b n 
o!rwise4 ,x occurs 9 ! =m ( ne>ly       
col\rless & transp>5t te>s ( a fa9t     
smell1 & is soluble 9 alcohol z well z  
oil ( turp5t9e1 =m+ a rapidly-dry+ b    
alt]able v>ni%1 :i* becomes brittle &   
d>k-col\r$ by age4   ,b5zo94--,?is is ! 
produce ( ! ,am]ican tree ,laurus b5zo91
 & also ( ! ,/yrax b5zo9 ( ,sumatra1 :i*
 is call$ gum b5jam92 x is us$ 9 poli%es
 & v>ni%es1 & z a cosmetic1 & is also   
burnt z inc5se 9 ,ca?olic *ur*es4       
,copal is "o ( ! mo/ valuable ( gums1 & 
is furni%$ by _m c\ntries 9 ! di/ricts (
 ,africa explor$ by ,mr4 ,h4 ,m4        
,/anley1 ! discov]] ( ,liv+/one4 ,copal 
is f\nd 9 a fossil /ate 9 v l>ge        

quantities4 ,! natives collect ! gum by 
se>*+ 9 ! s&y soil1 mo/ly 9 ! hilly     
di/ricts1 ! c\ntry be+ almo/ b>r51 ) no 
l>ge tree except ! ,adansonia1 &        
occasionally a few ?orny bu%es4  ,! gum 
is dug out ( ! e>? by ! copal ga!r]s at 
v>i\s dep?s1 f two or ?ree to t5 or m   
feet1 9 a mann] resembl+ gold-digg+2 &  
great excitem5t appe>s :5 a good am\nt  
is discov]$4 ,! gum is f\nd 9 v>i\s     
%apes & sizes1 resembl+ a h5's egg1 a   
flat cake1 a *ild's head1 etc4 ,!re are 
?ree k9ds1 yell[1 r$1 & :iti%2 & ! fir/ 
furni%es ! be/ v>ni% & fet*es ! highe/  
price f ! deal]s4 ,_m ( ! natives ass]t 
t ! copal /ill gr[s on diff]5t trees1 & 
t x acquires its excell5t qualities z a 
res9 by dropp+ (f & s9k+ sev]al feet    
into ! soil1 :]eby x is cleans$1 &      
obta9s1 aft] a lapse ( _m ye>s1 its     
h>dness1 inflammability1 & transp>5cy4  
,dragon's ,blood is ! juice ( c]ta9     
tropical plants ( a r$ col\r1 especially
 ( ! tree ,pt]oc>pus draco4 ,aft] !     
juice is extract$1 x is r$uc$ to a p[d] 

by evaporation4 ,x is us$ = d>k5+       
mahogany1 col\r+ v>ni%es or poli%es1    
etc41 & = /a9+ m>ble4 ,*emi/s also use x
 9 prep>+ t9ctures & too? p[d]s4        
,%ellac--or1 m prop]ly1 gum-lac--is a   
res9\s sub/ance obta9$ f ! ,bih>-tree1 &
 also f ! ,ficus ,indica1 or            
,banyan-tree4 ,x exudes :5 ! bran*es are
 pi]c$ by an insect call$ ! ,coccus     
ficus4 ,! twigs encru/$ ) ! res9 9 its  
natural /ate is call$ ,/ick-lac4 ,:5 !  
res9 is brok5 (f ! twigs1 p[d]$1 & rubb$
 ) wat]1 a good deal ( ! r$ col\r+ matt]
 is dissolv$1 & ! granul> res9 left is  
call$ se$-lac2 & :5 melt$1 /ra9$1 &     
spread into ?9 plates x is call$ %ellac1
 & is prep>$ 9 v>i\s ways & kn[n by !   
names ( button1 g>net1 liv]1 orange1    
ruby1 ?read1 etc41 & is us$ = _m        
purposes 9 ! arts4 ,%ellac =ms !        
pr9cipal +r$i5t = poli%es & _s v>ni%es4 
,r$ seal+-wax is compos$ ( %ellac1      
,v5ice turp5t9e1 & v]milion r$2 = !     
black seal+-wax ivory-black is us$      
in/ead ( ! v]milion4 ,%ellac is soluble 

9 alcohol1 & 9 _m acids & alkalies4     
,lac-dye is ! r$ col\r f ! /ick-lac     
dissolv$ by wat] & evaporat$ to dryness4
 ,! dye1 h[ev]1 is pr9cipally f !       
%rivell$-up body ( ! insect ( !         
,/ick-lac4  ,%ellac is produc$ 9 ! l>ge/
 quantity & ! be/ quality 9 ,b5gal1     
,assam1 & ,burmah4 ,! *ief seat (       
manufacture is ,calcutta1 :]e ! native  
manufactur]s are accus$ ( adult]at+ x ) 
res9 to a consid]able ext5t4 ,! be/     
cu/om]s are ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$   
,/ates1 ?\gh ! dem& 9 ! ,italian m>kets 
appe>s to be on ! increase4   ,amb] is a
 yell[1 semi-transp>5t1 fossil res92 h>d
 b brittle1 & easily cut ) a knife2     
ta/eless1 & )\t smell1 except :5 p\nd$  
or heat$1 & !n x emits a fragrant od\r4 
,x has consid]able lu/re2 becomes highly
 electric by friction2 & w burn ) a     
yell[ flame4 ,x is f\nd 9 nodules (     
v>i\s sizes 9 alluvial soils1 or on !   
sea%ore 9 _m places1 p>ticul>ly on !    
%ores ( ! ,baltic4 ,amb] is mu* employ$ 
= ornam5tal purposes1 & is also us$ 9 ! 

manufacture ( amb]-v>ni%4 ,x w n        
dissolve 9 alcohol1 b yields to !       
conc5trat$ action ( sulphuric acid1 :i* 
w dissolve all res9s except c>amba wax4 
,pumice-/one4--,?is well-kn[n light &   
spongy volcanic sub/ance is ext5sively  
qu>ri$ 9 ! small isl&s t lie (f ! coa/ (
 ,sicily4 ,its porosity & smoo?-cutt+   
prop]ties r5d] x ( great value to pa9t]s
 & poli%]s = levell+ d[n fir/ coat+s4   
,gr\nd pumice-/one is ! be/ = cutt+ d[n 
bodies ( poli% or v>ni% t are m advanc$ 
t[>ds completion4 ,! be/ way to get a   
surface to a piece ( lump pumice-/one is
 to rub x d[n on a flat ,york /one1 or1 
bett] /ill1 an old tile t has be5 well  
bak$4 ,pumice-/one %\ld n be all[$ to /&
 9 wat]2 x causes ! gra9 to contract &  
to h>d51 !reby det]iorat+ its cutt+     
prop]ties4   ,l9se$-oil4--,?is valuable 
oil is obta9$ by pressure f ! se$ ( !   
flax plant 7,l9um usitatissimum74 ,l9se$
 conta9s on an av]age ab\t #cc p] c5t4 (
 oil1 ?\gh ! am\nt v>ies mat]ially1 !   
p]c5tage obta9$ fluctuat+ consid]ably1 n

 be+ alike on any two successive days4  
,?is is p>tly due to ! v>y+ ri*ness ( ! 
se$1 & p>tly to ! mann] 9 :i* x is      
manipulat$ 9 extract+ ! oil1 x be+ a v  
easy matt] to lose a consid]able        
p]c5tage ( ! oil by a lack ( skill 9 any
 ( ! processes1 ?\gh !y all seem s      
simple4  ,! fir/ ?+ done ) ! se$ f :i* !
 oil is to be extract$ is to pass x     
?r\gh a scre51 to cleanse x f =eign     
sub/ances4 ,! se$ is receiv$ 9 bags     
conta9+ f ?ree to f\r bu%els1 & pockets 
conta9+ "o-six? ( t am\nt4 ,hav+ be5    
scre5$ x is pass$ ?r\gh a mill1 ^: l>ge 
iron-roll]s1 ?ree 9 numb]1 gr9d x to a  
co>se meal4 ,!nce x is c>ri$ to :at are 
kn[n z ! mull]s1 :i* are two l>ge /ones1
 ab\t eight feet 9 diamet] & eighte5    
in*es ?ick1 weigh+ six tons ea*1 /&+ on 
_! edges1 & roll+ ar\nd on a /one b$4   
,ab\t five bu%els ( ! meal are plac$ 9 !
 mull]s1 & ab\t eight qu>ts ( hot wat]  
are add$4 ,! meal is aft]w>ds c>ri$ by  
ma*9]y to ! heat]s1 iron pans hold+ ab\t
 a bu%el ea*4 ,^! are heat$ to an ev5   

temp]ature by /eam1 & are p>tly fill$ ) 
! meal1 :i* = sev5 m9utes is submitt$ to
 ! heat1 be+ c>efully /irr$ 9 ord] t all
 p>ts may become ev5ly heat$4 ,at ! end 
( t "t ! meal is plac$ 9 bags1 :i* 9    
turn are plac$ 9 hydraulic presses1 iron
 plates be+ plac$ betwe5 ! bags4        
,pressure is appli$ = ab\t eight m9utes1
 until1 z is suppos$1 all ! oil is      
press$ out1 leav+ a h>d cake1 kn[n to ! 
trade z oil-cake1 or l9se$-cake4  ,!    
product ( ^! v>i\s processes is kn[n z  
raw oil1 a consid]able portion ( :i* is 
sold )\t fur!r lab\r be+ exp5d$ ^u x4   
,!re is1 h[ev]1 a dem& = boil$ oil1 =   
c]ta9 purposes :]e great] dry+ prop]ties
 are ne$$4 ,to supply ?is want oil is   
plac$ 9 l>ge kettles1 hold+ f five      
hundr$ to "o ?\s& gallons1 :]e x is     
heat$ to a temp]ature ( ab\t #ejj       
degrees1 be+ /irr$ cont9ually4 ,?is     
process1 :5 l>ge kettles are us$1       
requires ne>ly ! entire day4 ,:ile !    
boil+ process is go+ on1 oxide (        
manganese is add$1 :i* helps to give !  

boil$ oil bett] dry+ prop]ties4 ,a      
consid]able portion ( ! oil is blea*$1 =
 ! use ( manufactur]s ( :ite pa9ts4     
,v5ice ,turp5t9e4--,?is is obta9$ f !   
l>*1 & is said to be conta9$ 9 peculi>  
sacs 9 ! upp] "p ( ! /em1 & to be obta9$
 by punctur+ !m4 ,x is a ropy liquid1   
col\rless or br[ni% gre51 hav+ a some:at
 unpleasant od\r & bitt] ta/e4   ,oil ( 
,turp5t9e is ! mo/ pl5tiful & useful (  
oils4 ,x is obta9$ 9 ,am]ica f a species
 ( p9e v pl5tiful 9 ! ,c>ol9as1         
,georgia1 & ,alabama1 kn[n z !          
long-leav$ p9e 7p9us ,au/ralis71 & f\nd 
only :]e ! orig9al =e/ has n be5 remov$4
   ,me?ylat$ ,spirits4--,! me?ylat$ _s (
 comm]ce usually consi/s ( ! ord9>y mix$
 gra91 or pla9 _s1 z produc$ by ! l>ge  
di/ill]s 9 ,london & else:]e1 ) :i* are 
bl5d$1 by simply mix+ 9 v>i\s           
proportions1 "o "p vegetable naph?a &   
?ree p>ts spirits ( w9e4 ,! mix+ takes  
place 9 pres5ce ( a rev5ue (fic]1 & !   
spirits s me?ylat$ are all[$ to be us$  
duty free4 ,! rev5ue au?orities consid] 

! admixture ( naph?a1 hav+ s pung5t &   
disagreeable a smell1 a suffici5t       
security aga9/ its sale & consumption z 
a bev]age4 ,no process has yet be5      
discov]$ ( gett+ rid ( ?is od\r4 ,x is  
illegal = druggi/s to use x 9 !         
prep>ation ( m$ic9al t9ctures1 unless !y
 are = ext]nal use4   ,,pr9t$ ,,by      
,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 
,,london ,,& ,,beccles4     ,,crosby    
,,lockwood  ,,son',s  ,,li/ ,,( ,,works 
,,on  ,,trades ,,& ,,manufactures1 ,,!  
,,indu/rial ,,arts1 ,,*emical           
,,manufactures1 ,,c\nt+ ,,h\se ,,"w1    
,,etc4   ,a ,complete ,catalogue ( ,,new
 & ,,/&>d ,,books relat+ to ,,civil1    
,,me*anical1 ,,m>9e & ,,electrical      
,,eng9e]+2 ,,m9+1 ,,metallurgy1 &       
,,colli]y ,,work+2 ,,ar*itecture &      
,,build+2 ,,agriculture & ,,e/ate       
,,managem5t1 etc4 ,po/ ,free on         
,application4  #g1 ,,/ation]s' ,,hall   
,,c\rt1 ,,london1 ,e4,c41 ,,& #aba;a1   
,,victoria ,,/reet1 ,,we/m9/]1 ,s4,w4   
#aiaj4     ,,li/ ,,( ,,works  ,,on      

,,trades & ,,manufactures1 ,,!          
,,indu/rial ,,arts1 ,etc4   ,,acetyl5e1 
,,light+ ,,by4 ,g5]ators1 ,burn]s1 &    
,electric ,furnaces4 ,by ,,william ,e4  
,,gibbs1 ,m4,e4 ,) #ff ,illu/rations4   
,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #g_/f  ,,air ,,gas     
,,light+ ,,sy/ems4 ,see ,,petrol ,,gas4 
,,alcohol 7,,indu/rial73 ,,its          
,,manufacture ,,& ,,uses4 ,a ,practical 
,treatise bas$ on ,dr4 ,max ,ma]ck]'s   
,introduction to ,di/illation1 z revis$ 
by ,drs4 ,,delbruck & ,,lange4 ,by ,j4  
,k4 ,,bra*vogel4 #ejj pages1 #aje       
engrav+s ,net #af_/f  ,,! ,,indu/rial   
,,value ,,( ,,tax-,,free ,,alcohol ,,&  
,,:at ,,x ,,means ,,to ,,agricultural   
,,int]e/s--,,summ>y ,,( ,,! ,,processes 
,,9 ,,_s ,,manufacture--,,/>*1 ,,h[     
,,=m$1 ,,its ,,*>act]i/ics1 ,,& ,,!     
,,*anges ,,x ,,und]goes--,,enzymes ,,or 
,,f]m5ts--,,products ,,(                
,,f]m5tation--,,/>*y ,,& ,,sac*>if]\s   
,,raw ,,mat]ials--,,prep>ation ,,( ,,!  
,,malt--,,/eam+ ,,! ,,raw ,,mat]ial--,,!
 ,,ma%+ ,,process--,,f]m5t+ ,,!         

,,ma%--,,prep>ation ,,( ,,artificial    
,,yea/ ,,9 ,,! ,,di/ill]y--,,f]m5tation 
,,9 ,,practice--,,di/illation ,,&       
,,rectification--,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,!   
,,di/ill]y--,,! ,,sp5t ,,wa%--,,d5atur+ 
,,( ,,alcohol--,,alcohol ,,= ,,!        
,,production ,,( ,,p[]1 ,,heat+ ,,&     
,,illum9ation--,,/ati/ics4  ,,alkali    
,,trade ,,manual4 ,includ+ !            
,manufacture ( ,sulphuric ,acid1        
,sulphate ( ,soda1 & ,blea*+ ,p[d]4 ,by 
,,john ,,lomas1 ,alkali ,manufactur]4 ,)
 #bcb ,illu/rations4 ,sup]-royal #hvo1  
clo?4 #a #ajs4  ,,bl[pipe ,,9 ,,*emi/ry1
 ,,m9]alogy1 ,etc4 ,conta9+ all kn[n    
,me?ods ( ,anhydr\s ,analysis1 _m ,work+
 ,examples1 & ,in/ructions = ,mak+      
,app>atus4 ,by ,lieut4-,colonel ,w4 ,a4 
,ross1 ,r4,a41 ,f4,g4,s4 ,second        
,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #e_/j  ,,boot
 ,,& ,,%oe ,,mak+1 includ+ ,measurem5t1 
,la/-fitt+1 ,cutt+-out1 ,clos+ & ,mak+1 
) a ,description ( ! mo/ ,approv$       
,ma*9]y employ$4 ,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,l5o4     
,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #b_/j  ,,brass         

,,f\nd]',s ,,manual4 ,modell+1 ,patt]n  
,mak+1 ,m\ld+1 ,turn+1 c4 ,by ,w4       
,,graham4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #b_/j        
,,bread  ,,biscuit ,,bak]',s            
,,sug>-,,boil]',s ,,assi/ant4 ,includ+ a
 l>ge v>iety ( ,mod]n ,recipes4 ,by     
,,rob]t ,,wells4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n  
#hvo1 clo? #a_/j       ,a l>ge numb] (  
wr9kles = ! ord9>y cook1 z well z !     
bak]4--,saturday ,review4  ,,breakfa/   
,,di%es4 ,= e ,morn+ ( ,?ree ,mon?s4 ,by
 ,miss ,,all5 7,mrs4 ,a4 ,,macaire74    
,au?or ( ,sav\ries & ,sweets1 c4        
,tw5ty-?ird ,edition4 ,f'cap #hvo4 ,sew$
   #a_/j      ,or1 qu>t] b\nd1 fancy    
bo>ds     #a_/f  ,,brew]s1 ,,h&y ,,book 
,,=4 ,be+ a ,practical ,guide to ! ,art 
( ,brew+ & ,malt+4 ,embrac+ !           
,conclusions ( ,mod]n ,rese>* :i* be> ^u
 ! ,practice ( ,brew+4 ,by ,h4 ,e4      
,,wright1 ,m4,a4 ,?ird ,edition4        
,?or\ghly ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,l>ge ,cr[n
 #hvo1 #egh pp41 clo? ,net #ab_/f       
,,b>ley1 ,,malt+ ,,& ,,malt--,,wat] ,,= 
,,brew+--,,hops ,,& ,,sug>s--,,! ,,brew+

 ,,room--,,*emi/ry ,,z ,,appli$ ,,to    
,,brew+--,,! ,,laboratory--,,ma%+1      
,,sp>g+1 ,,& ,,boil+--,,f]m5ts ,,9      
,,g5]al--,,f]m5tation ,,) ,,comm]cial   
,,yea/--,,culture ,,f ,a ,,s+le ,,cell  
,,) ,,yea/s--,,treatm5t ,,( ,,be]--,,!  
,,brew]y ,,& ,,plants4       ,we h great
 pleasure 9 recomm5d+ ?is h&y ,book4--,!
      ,brew]s' ,gu>dian4  ,,calculator1 
,,numb]1 ,,weight ,,& ,,fractional4     
,conta9+ upw>ds ( #bej1jjj ,sep>ate     
,calculations1 %[+ at a ,glance ! ,value
 at #dbb ,diff]5t ,rates1 rang+ f       
#a_/abh? ( a ,p5ny to #bjs4 ea*1 or p]  
cwt41 & #bj p] ton1 ( any numb] (       
articles consecutively1 f #a to #dgj4   
,any numb] ( cwts41 qrs41 & lbs41 f #a  
cwt4 to #dgj cwts4 ,any numb] ( tons1   
cwts41 qrs41 & lbs41 f #a to #a1jjj     
tons4 ,by ,,william ,,*adwick1 ,public  
,acc\ntant4 ,f\r? ,edition1 ,revis$ &   
,improv$4 #hvo1 /rongly b\nd #ah_/j     
,x is z easy ( ref]5ce = any answ] or   
any numb] ( answ]s      z a diction>y4  
,= mak+ up acc\nts or e/imates ! book   

mu/      prove invaluable to all :o h   
any consid]able quantity (              
calculations involv+ price & measure 9  
any comb9ation to      d4--,eng9e]4     
,! mo/ p]fect "w ( ! k9d yet            
prep>$4--,glasg[      ,h]ald4  ,,cem5ts1
 ,,pa/es1 ,,glues1 ,,& ,,gums4 ,a ,guide
 to ! ,manufacture & ,application (     
,agglut9ants = ,work%op1 ,laboratory1 or
 ,(fice ,use4 ,) #ijj ,recipes & ,=mul4 
,by ,h4 ,c4 ,,/&age1 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?   
#b_/j       ,z a revelation ( :at are   
consid]$ trade secrets1 ?is book      w 
ar\se an am\nt ( curiosity among ! l>ge 
numb] (      indu/ries x t\*es4--,daily 
,*ronicle4  ,,*emi/ry ,,= ,,army ,,&    
,,matriculation ,,c&idates4 ,by         
,,ge(frey ,,m>t91 ,b4,,sc41 ,ph4,d4     
,cr[n #hvo1 clo?4 ,) num]\s             
,illu/rations ,net #b_/j  ,,prep>ation  
,,& ,,use ,,( ,,app>atus--,,prep>ation  
,,& ,,prop]ties ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,gases ,,& 
,,liquids--,,simple ,,quantitative      
,,exp]im5ts--,,analytical               
,,op]ations--,,solubility--,,wat]       

,,cry/allisation--,,neutralisation ,,(  
,,acids ,,by ,,bases1 ,,& ,,prep>ation  
,,( ,,simple ,,salts--,,volumetric      
,,analysis--,,*emical                   
,,equival5ts--,,obs]vation ,,(          
,,reaction--,,melt+ ,,& ,,boil+         
,,po9ts--,,symbols ,,& ,,atomic         
,,weights ,,( ,,! ,,elem5ts--,,weights  
,,& ,,measures--,,h9ts ,,on ,,regulat+  
,,"w ,,9 ,,practical ,,*emi/ry          
,,classes4  ,,clocks1 ,,wat*es1  ,,bells
 = ,,public ,,purposes4 ,by ,,edmund    
,,beckett1 ,,"l ,,grim?orpe1 ,,ll4,d41  
,k4,c41 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 ,eigh? ,edition1 ) 
new ,li/ ( ,great ,bells & an ,app5dix  
on ,wea!rcocks4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #d_/f2 
clo? bo>ds1 #e_/f       ,! only mod]n   
treatise on clock-mak+4--,horological   
,j\rnal4  ,,coa*-,,build+4 ,a ,practical
 ,treatise1 ,hi/orical & ,descriptive4  
,by ,j4 ,w4 ,,burgess4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? 
#b_/f  ,,coke--,,mod]n ,,cok+           
,,practice4 ,includ+ ! ,analysis (      
,mat]ials & ,products4 ,a h&book = ^?   
engag$ or int]e/$ 9 ,coke ,manufacture )

 recov]y ( ,by-,products4 ,by ,t4 ,h4   
,,byrom1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s41 ,mem4    
,soc4 ( ,*em4 ,indu/ry1 ,*ief ,*emi/ to 
! ,wigan ,coal & ,iron ,company4 ,=     
fifte5 ye>s ,lectur] at ! ,wigan        
,te*nical ,college4 ,au?or ( ,! ,physics
 & ,*emi/ry ( ,m9+2 & ,j4 ,e4           
,,*ri/oph]1 ,mem4 ,soc4 ( ,*em4         
,indu/ry1 ,sub-manag] ( ! ,semet ,solvay
 ,cok+ ,plant ( ! ,wigan ,coal & ,iron  
,company4 ,lectur] on ,coke ,manufacture
 at ! ,wigan ,te*nical ,college4 #afh   
pages1 ) num]\s illu/rations4 ,demy     
#hvo1 clo?4 ,j ,publi%$ ,net #h_/f      
,! au?ors h succe$$ 9 treat+ ! subject 9
 a cle> &      compact way1 giv+ an     
easily compreh5sible review ( !         
diff]5t processes4--,m9+ ,j\rnal4       
,! book w be eag]ly read1 & ! au?ors may
 be assur$ t      _! lab\r w be         
appreciat$4 ,we anticipate t ! book w   
be a success2 at any rate x possesses ! 
necess>y      m]it4--,sci5ce & ,art (   
,m9+4  ,,comm]cial ,,correspond5t1      
,,=eign4 ,be+ ,aids to ,comm]cial       

,correspond5ce 9 ,five                  
,languages--,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1     
,italian1 & ,spani%4 ,by ,,conrad ,e4   
,,bak]4 ,?ird ,edition1 ,c>efully       
,revis$ ,?r\gh\t4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #d_/f
       ,:oev] wi%es to correspond 9 all 
! languages m5tion$ by ,mr4      ,bak]  
_c d bett] ?an /udy ?is "w1 ! mat]ials (
 :i*      are excell5t & conv5i5tly     
arrang$4 ,!y consi/ n ( entire          
specim5 lett]s1 b--:at are f> m         
useful--%ort passages1      s5t5ces1 or 
phrases express+ ! same g5]al idea 9    
v>i\s      =ms4--,a!num4  ,,confection]1
 ,,mod]n ,,fl\r4 ,conta9+ a l>ge        
,collection ( ,recipes = ,*eap ,cakes1  
,biscuits1 c4 ,) rem>ks on ! ,+r$i5ts   
,us$ 9 _! ,manufacture4 ,by ,r4 ,,wells 
#a_/j  ,,confection]y1 ,,ornam5tal4 ,a  
,guide = ,bak]s1 ,confection]s &        
,pa/rycooks2 includ+ a v>iety ( ,mod]n  
,recipes1 & ,rem>ks on ,decorative &    
,col\r$ ,"w4 ,) #abi ,orig9al ,designs4 
,by ,,rob]t ,,wells4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?   
#e_/j       ,a valuable "w1 practical1 &

 %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e      bak] &        
confection]4 ,! illu/rative designs are 
wor? treble      ! am\nt *>g$ = !       
"w4--,bak]s' ,times4  ,,cotton          
,,manufacture4 ,a ,manual ( ,practical  
,in/ruction ( ! ,processes ( ,op5+1     
,c>d+1 ,comb+1 ,draw+1 ,d\bl+ & ,sp9n+1 
,me?ods ( ,dye+1 c4 ,= ! ,use (         
,op]atives1 ,ov]look]s1 & ,manufactur]s4
 ,by ,j4 ,,li/]4 #hvo1 clo? #g_/f       
,,dang]\s ,,goods4 ,_! ,s\rces &        
,prop]ties1 ,modes ( ,/orage &          
,transport4 ,) ,notes & ,comm5ts on     
,accid5ts aris+ !refrom4 ,= ! ,use (    
,gov]nm5t & ,railway ,(ficials1 ,/eam%ip
 ,own]s1 c4 ,by ,h4 ,j4 ,,phillips4     
,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #i_/j  ,,d5ti/ry       
7,,me*anical74 ,a ,practical ,treatise  
on ! ,con/ruction ( ! ,v>i\s ,k9ds (    
,artificial ,d5tures4 ,by ,c4 ,,hunt]4  
,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #c_/j  ,,disc\nt       
,,guide4 ,compris+ sev]al ,s]ies (      
,tables = ! ,use ( ,m]*ants1            
,manufactur]s1 ,ironmong]s1 & ,o!rs1 by 
:i* may be asc]ta9$ ! ,exact ,pr(it     

aris+ f any mode ( us+ ,disc\nts1 ei!r 9
 ! ,pur*ase or ,sale ( ,goods1 & ! me?od
 ( ei!r ,alt]+ a ,rate ( ,disc\nt1 or   
,advanc+ a ,price1 s z to produce1 by "o
 op]ation1 a sum t w realise any requir$
 ,pr(it aft] all[+ "o or m ,disc\nts3 to
 :i* are add$ ,tables ( ,pr(it or       
,advance f #aa_/d to #ij p] c5t41       
,tables ( ,disc\nt f #aa_/d to #ihc_/d  
p] c5t41 & ,tables ( ,commission1 c41 f 
#a_/h to #aj p] c5t4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,h>b51 
,acc\ntant4 ,new ,edition1 ,correct$4   
,demy #hvo1 half-b\nd #a #es4       ,a  
book su* z ?is c only be appreciat$ by  
bus9ess m51 to      :om ! sav+ ( "t     
means sav+ ( money4 ,! "w mu/ prove     
( great value to m]*ants1 manufactur]s1 
& g5]al      trad]s4--,briti% ,trade    
,j\rnal4  ,,dry+ ,,ma*9]y ,,&           
,,practice4 ,a ,h&book on ! ,!ory &     
,practice ( ,dry+ & ,desiccat+1 )       
,classifi$ ,description ( ,in/allations1
 ,ma*9]y1 & ,app>atus1 includ+ also a   
,gloss>y ( ,te*nical ,t]ms &            
,bibliography4 ,by ,,?omas ,g4 ,,m>l[1  

,gr9d+1 ,dry+1 & ,sep>at+ ,ma*9]y       
,speciali/4 ,m$ium #hvo4 ,ab\t #bej     
pages1 ) #aej ,illu/rations ,9 ! ,press1
 price ab\t #ab_/f net4  ,,electricity  
,,9 ,,factories ,,& ,,work%ops3 ,,its   
,,co/ ,,& ,,conv5i5ce4 ,a ,h&book = ,p[]
 ,produc]s & ,p[] ,us]s4 ,by ,a4 ,p4    
,,haslam1 ,m4,i4,e4,e4 #cbh pages1 )    
num]\s illu/rations4 ,l>ge cr[n1 #hvo1  
clo? ,net #g_/f  ,,electro-,,metallurgy4
 ,a ,practical ,treatise4 ,by ,,alex&]  
,,watt4 ,t5? ,edition1 enl>g$ & revis$4 
,includ+ ! mo/ ,rec5t ,processes4 ,cr[n 
#hvo1 clo? #c_/f  ,,electro-,,plat+4 ,a 
,practical ,h&book on ! ,deposition (   
,copp]1 ,silv]1 ,nickel1 ,gold1         
,alum9ium1 ,brass1 ,plat9um1 c41 c4 ,by 
,j4 ,w4 ,,urquh>t1 ,c4,e4 ,fif?         
,edition1 ,revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?     
#e_/j  ,,electro-,,plat+                
,,electro-,,ref9+ ,,( ,,metals ,be+ a   
new edition ( ,,alex&] ,,watt',s        
,,electro-,,deposition4 ,revis$ &       
,rewritt5 by ,a4 ,,philip1 ,b4,sc41     
,pr9cipal ,assi/ant to ! ,admiralty     

,*emi/4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? ,net #ab_/f    
,,"p ,i4 ,,electro-,,plat+--,,prelim9>y 
,,consid]ations--,,prim>y ,,& ,,second>y
                                        
,,batt]ies--,,!rmopiles--,,dynamos--,,co
/ ,,( ,,electrical ,,in/allations ,,(   
,,small ,,output ,,=                    
,,electro-,,plat+--,,hi/orical ,,review 
,,( ,,electro ,,deposition--,,electro   
,,deposition ,,( ,,copp]--,,deposition  
,,( ,,gold ,,by ,,simple                
,,imm]sion--,,electro ,,deposition ,,(  
,,gold--,,v>i\s ,,gild+                 
,,op]ations--,,m]cury ,,gild+--,,electro
 ,,deposition ,,( ,,silv]--,,imitation  
,,antique ,,silv]--,,electro            
,,deposition ,,( ,,nickel1 ,,t91 ,,iron 
,,& ,,z9c1 ,,v>i\s ,,metals ,,&         
,,alloys--,,recov]y ,,( ,,gold ,,&      
,,silv] ,,f ,,wa%                       
,,solutions--,,me*anical ,,op]ations    
,,connect$ ,,) ,,electro                
,,deposition--,,mat]ials ,,us$ ,,9      
,,electro ,,deposition4 ,,"p ,,ii4      
,,electro ,,metallurgy--,,electro       

,,metallurgy ,,( ,,copp]--,,co/ ,,(     
,,electrolytic ,,copp] ,,ref9+--,,curr5t
 ,,d5sity ,,z ,a ,,factor ,,9           
,,pr(its--,,"s ,,important ,,details ,,9
 ,,electrolytic ,,copp]                 
,,ref9]ies--,,electrolytic ,,gold ,,&   
,,silv] ,,bullion                       
,,ref9+--,,electrolytic ,,treatm5t ,,(  
,,t9--,,electrolytic ,,ref9+ ,,(        
,,lead--,,electrolytic ,,production ,,( 
,,alum9ium ,,& ,,electrolytic ,,ref9+   
,,( ,,nickel--,,electro ,,galvanis+4    
,em95tly a book = ! practical work] 9   
electro-deposition4--,eng9e]4           
,,electro-,,typ+4 ,! ,reproduction &    
,multiplication ( ,pr9t+ ,surfaces &    
,works ( ,art by ! ,electro-,deposition 
( ,metals4 ,by ,j4 ,w4 ,,urquh>t1 ,c4,e4
 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #e_/j  ,,eng9e]+      
,,*emi/ry4 ,a ,practical ,treatise = !  
,use ( ,analytical ,*emi/s1 ,eng9e]s1   
,iron ,ma/]s1 ,iron ,f\nd]s1 ,/ud5ts &  
o!rs4 ,compris+ ,me?ods ( ,analysis &   
,valuation ( ! ,pr9cipal ,mat]ials us$ 9
 ,eng9e]+ ,"w1 ) num]\s ,analyses1      

,examples & ,sugge/ions4 ,by ,h4        
,,phillips4 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$4    
,cr[n #hvo1 #dbj pp41 ) ,illu/rations1  
clo? ,net #aj_/f  ,,explosives1 ,,mod]n1
 ,a ,,h&book ,,on4 ,a ,practical        
,treatise on ! ,manufacture & ,use (    
,dynamite1 ,gun-,cotton1 ,nitro-,glyc]9e
 & o!r ,explosive ,comp\nds1 includ+    
,collodion-,cotton4 ,) ,*apt]s on       
,explosives 9 ,practical ,application4  
,by ,m4 ,,eissl]1 ,m4,e4 ,second        
,edition1 ,enl>g$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?     
#ab_/f       ,a v]itable m9e ( in=mation
 on ! subject ( explosives      employ$ 
= milit>y1 m9+1 & bla/+ purposes4--,army
 &      ,navy ,gazette4  ,,explosives3  
,,nitro-,,explosives4 ,! ,prop]ties1    
,manufacture1 & ,analysis ( ,nitrat$    
,sub/ances1 includ+ ! ,fulm9ates1       
,smokeless ,p[d]s1 & ,celluloid4 ,by ,p4
 ,g4 ,,san=d1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s41     
,public ,analy/ to ! ,bor\gh ( ,p5zance4
 ,second ,edition1 enl>g$4 ,)           
,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo1 clo? ,net    
#aj_/f                                  

,,nitro-,,glyc]9e--,,nitro-,,cellulose1 
,,etc4--,,dynamite--,,nitro-,,b5zol1    
,,roburite1 ,,bellite1 ,,picric ,,acid1 
,,etc4--,,! ,,fulm9ates--,,smokeless    
,,p[d]s ,,9 ,,g5]al--,,analysis ,,(     
,,explosives--,,fir+ ,,po9t1 ,,heat     
,,te/s1 ,,det]m9ation ,,( ,,relative    
,,/r5g?1 ,,etc4       ,"o ( ! v few     
text-books 9 :i* c be f\nd j :at is     
want$4 ,mr4 ,san=d goes /eadily ?r\gh ! 
:ole li/ (      explosives commonly us$1
 he names any giv5 explosive1 & tells   
( :at x is compos$ & h[ x is            
manufactur$4 ,! book is                 
excell5t4--,eng9e]4  ,,factory          
,,acc\nts3 ,,_! ,,pr9ciples ,,&         
,,practice4 ,a ,h&book = ,acc\ntants &  
,manufactur]s1 ) ,app5dices on !        
,nom5clature ( ,ma*9e ,details1 !       
,income ,tax ,acts1 ! ,rat+ (           
,factories1 ,fire & ,boil] ,insurance1 !
 ,factory & ,work%op ,acts1 etc41       
includ+ a ,gloss>y ( ,t]ms & a l>ge     
numb] ( ,specim5 ,rul+s4 ,by ,,emile    
,,g>cke & ,j4 ,m4 ,,fells4 ,fif?        

,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,demy #hvo1
 clo? #g_/f       ,a v int]e/+          
description ( ! requirem5ts ( ,factory  
,acc\nts4444 ,! pr9ciple ( assimilat+ ! 
,factory ,acc\nts to      ! g5]al       
comm]cial books is "o :i* we ?or\ghly   
agree      )4--,acc\ntants' ,j\rnal4    
,,fl\r ,,manufacture4 ,a ,treatise on   
,mill+ ,sci5ce & ,practice4 ,by         
,,fri$ri* ,,kick1 ,imp]ial              
,regi]ungsra?1 ,pr(essor ( ,me*anical   
,te*nology 9 ! ,imp]ial ,g]man          
,polyte*nic ,in/itute1 ,prague4         
,translat$ f ! ,second ,enl>g$ & ,revis$
 ,edition4 ,by ,h4 ,h4 ,p4 ,,p[les1     
,a4,m4,in/4,c4,e4 #djj pp41 ) #bh ,fold+
 ,plates1 & #afg ,woodcuts4 ,royal #hvo1
 clo? #a #es4       ,?is invaluable "w  
is ! /&>d au?ority on ! sci5ce (        
mill+4--,! ,mill]4  ,,fr5* ,,poli%+ ,,& 
,,enamell+4 ,includ+ num]\s ,recipes =  
mak+ ,poli%es1 ,v>ni%es1 ,glaze1        
,lacqu]s1 ,reviv]s1 c4 ,by ,r4          
,,bitmead4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #a_/f  ,,gas
 ,,eng9e]',s ,,pocket-,,book4 ,compris+ 

,tables1 ,notes & ,memor&a relat+ to !  
,manufacture1 ,di/ribution & ,use (     
,coal ,gas & ! ,con/ruction ( ,gas      
,works4 ,by ,h4 ,o',,connor1            
,a4,m4,in/4,c4,e4 ,?ird ,edition4       
,revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 lea!r4 ,net #aj_/f 
,,g5]al ,,con/ruct+ ,,memor&a--,,g5]al  
,,ma!matical ,,tables--,,unload+        
,,mat]ials ,,& ,,/orage--,,retort       
,,h\se--,,cond5s]s--,,boil]s1 ,,eng9es1 
,,pumps1 ,,& ,,exhau/]s--,,scrubb]s ,,& 
,,wa%]s--,,purifi]s--,,ga%old]          
,,tanks--,,ga%old]s--,,work%op          
,,notes--,,manufactur+--,,/or+          
,,mat]ials--,,retort ,,h\se             
7,,work+7--,,cond5s+ ,,gas--,,exhau/]s1 
,,etc4--,,wa%+ ,,&                      
,,scrubb+--,,purification--,,ga%old]s   
7,,c>e ,,(7--,,di/ribut+                
,,gas--,,te/+--,,enri*+                 
,,processes--,,product                  
,,works--,,supplem5t>y4       ,! book   
conta9s a va/ am\nt ( in=mation4--,gas  
,_w4  ,,gas ,,eng9e]+4 ,see ,,produc]   
,,gas ,,practice ,,& ,,indu/rial ,,gas  

,,eng9e]+4 ,,gas ,,fitt+4 ,a ,practical 
,h&book4 ,by ,,john ,,black4 ,revis$    
,edition4 ,) #acj ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n  
#hvo1 clo? #b_/f  ,,gas ,,light+4 ,see  
,,acetyl5e4  ,,gas ,,light+ ,,= ,,c\ntry
 ,,h\ses4 ,see ,,petrol ,,air ,,gas4    
,,gas ,,manufacture1 ,,*emi/ry ,,(4 ,a  
,practical ,manual = ! use ( ,gas       
,eng9e]s1 ,gas ,manag]s & ,/ud5ts4 ,by  
,,h>old ,m4 ,,royle1 ,*ief ,*emical     
,assi/ant at ! ,beckton ,gas ,works4    
,demy #hvo1 clo?1 #cdj pages1 ) num]\s  
,illu/rations & ,col\r$ ,plate4 ,net    
#ab_/f  ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,/&>d         
,,solutions--,,analysis ,,(             
,,coals--,,description ,,( ,,v>i\s      
,,types ,,( ,,furnaces--,,products ,,(  
,,c>bonisation ,,at ,,v>i\s             
,,temp]atures--,,analysis ,,( ,,crude   
,,gas--,,analysis ,,( ,,lime--,,analysis
 ,,( ,,ammoniacal ,,liquor--,,analytical
 ,,valuation ,,( ,,oxide ,,(            
,,iron--,,e/imation ,,(                 
,,naph?al9--,,analysis ,,(              
,,fire-,,bricks ,,& ,,fire-,,clay--,,art

 ,,( ,,photometry--,,c>burett$ ,,wat]   
,,gas--,,app5dix ,,conta9+ ,,/atutory   
,,& ,,(ficial ,,regulations ,,= ,,te/+  
,,gas4 ,,valuable ,,exc]pts ,,f ,,v>i\s 
,,important ,,pap]s ,,on ,,gas          
,,*emi/ry1 ,,useful ,,tables1 ,,memor&a1
 etc4  ,,gas ,,works4 ,_! ,con/ruction &
 ,arrangem5t1 & ! ,manufacture &        
,di/ribution ( ,coal ,gas4 ,by ,s4      
,,hughes1 ,c4,e4 ,n9? ,edition4 ,revis$ 
by ,h4 ,o',,connor1 ,a4,m4,in/4,c4,e4   
,cr[n #hvo #f_/j  ,,gold ,,work+4       
,,jewell]',s ,,assi/ant = ,ma/]s &      
,workm51 ,compil$ f ! ,exp]i5ce ( ,?irty
 ,ye>s' ,work%op ,practice4 ,by ,g4 ,e4 
,,gee4 ,cr[n #hvo #g_/f  ,,goldsmi?',s  
,,h&book4 ,alloy+1 ,melt+1 ,r$uc+1      
,col\r+1 ,collect+1 & ,ref9+4           
,manipulation1 ,recov]y ( ,wa/e1        
,*emical & ,physical ,prop]ties2        
,sold]s1 ,enamels1 & o!r useful ,rules &
 ,recipes1 c4 ,by ,g4 ,e4 ,,gee1 ,six?  
,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #c_/j        
,,goldsmi?',s ,,& ,,silv]smi?',s        
,,complete ,,h&book4 ,by ,g4 ,e4 ,,gee4 

,cr[n #hvo1 half b\nd #g_/j             
,,hall-,,m>k+ ,,( ,,jewell]y4 ,compris+ 
an acc\nt ( all ! diff]5t ,assay ,t[ns (
 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ) ! ,/amps at pres5t  
employ$2 also ! ,laws relat+ to ! ,/&>ds
 & ,hall-m>ks at ! v>i\s ,assay ,(fices4
 ,by ,g4 ,e4 ,,gee4 ,cr[n #hvo #c_/j    
,,h&ybooks ,,= ,,h&icrafts4 ,by ,,paul  
,n4 ,,hasluck4 ,see page #af4           
,,horology1 ,,mod]n1 ,,9 ,,!ory ,,&     
,,practice4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* (      
,,claudius ,,sauni]1 ex-,director ( !   
,s*ool ( ,horology at ,macon1 by ,,juli5
 ,,trippl91 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,besanon ,wat*
 ,manufactur]1 & ,,edw>d ,,rigg1 ,m4,a41
 ,assay] 9 ! ,royal ,m9t4 ,)            
,sev5ty-eight ,woodcuts & ,tw5ty-two    
,col\r$ ,copp] ,plates4 ,second         
,edition4 ,sup]-royal #hvo1 #b #bs4     
clo?2 half-calf #b #ajs4      ,!re is no
 horological "w 9 ! ,engli% language at 
all to      be comp>$ to ?is production 
( ,m4 ,sauni]'s = cle>ness &            
complet5ess4 ,x is alike good z a guide 
= ! /ud5t & z a      ref]5ce = !        

exp]i5c$ horologi/ & skill$             
workman4--,horological ,j\rnal4         
,,illum9at+ ,,& ,,missal ,,pa9t+ ,,on   
,,pap] ,,& ,,vellum4 ,a ,practical      
,treatise on ,manuscript ,"w1           
,te/imonials1 & ,h]ald ,pa9t+1 ) ,*apt]s
 on ,lett]+ & ,writ+1 & on ,m$ival      
,burni%$ ,gold4 ,) two ,col\r$ ,plates4 
,by ,,philip ,,:i?>d 7,fir/-class       
,diploma = ,illum9ation & ,h]ald ,pa9t+1
 ,pr9t+ ,trades ,exhibition1 #aijf74    
#aef pages4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? ,net #d_/j 
,,int]e/ ,,calculator4 ,conta9+ ,tables 
at #a1 #aa_/b1 #b1 #ba_/b1 #c1 #ca_/b1  
#cc_/d1 #d1 #da_/b1 #dc_/d & #e p] c5t4 
,by ,a4 ,m4 ,,campbell1 ,au?or ( ,!     
,concise ,cal5d>4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? ,net 
#b_/f  ,,iron ,,& ,,metal ,,trades'     
,,companion4 ,= ,exp$iti\sly asc]ta9+ ! 
,value ( any ,goods b\ght or sold by    
,weight1 f #as4 p] cwt4 to #aabs4 p]    
cwt41 & f "o f>?+ p] p\nd to "o %ill+ p]
 p\nd4 ,by ,,?omas ,,d[nie4 ,/rongly    
b\nd 9 lea!r1 #cif pp4 #i_/j       ,a   
mo/ useful set ( tables4 ,no?+ l !m be=e

       exi/$4--,build+ ,news4           
,,iron-,,plate ,,weight ,,tables4 ,=    
,iron ,%ipbuild]s1 ,eng9e]s & ,iron     
,m]*ants4 ,conta9+ ! ,calculat$ ,weights
 ( upw>ds ( #aej1jjj diff]5t sizes (    
,iron ,plates1 f #a ft4 by #f ins4 by   
#a_/d 94 to #aj ft4 by #e ft4 by #a 94  
,work$ out on ! basis ( #dj lbs4 to !   
squ>e foot ( iron ( #a 94 9 ?ickness4   
,by ,h4 ,,burl9son & ,w4 ,h4 ,,simpson4 
#dto1 half b\nd #a #es4  ,,lab\r        
,,contracts4 ,a ,popul> ,h&book on !    
,law ( ,contracts or ,works & ,s]vices4 
,by ,,david ,,gibbons4 ,f\r? ,edition1 )
 ,app5dix ( ,/atutes by ,t4 ,f4         
,,uttley2 ,solicitor4 ,f'cap4 #hvo1 clo?
 #c_/f  ,,laundry ,,managem5t4 ,a       
,h&book = use 9 ,private & ,public      
,laundries4 ,cr4 #hvo1 clo? #b_/j  ,,law
 ,,= ,,manufactur]s1 ,,employ]s ,,&     
,,o!rs1 ,,etc4 ,see ,,e ,,man',s ,,own  
,,lawy]4 ,a ,h&y-book ( ! ,pr9ciples (  
,law & ,equity4 ,by a ,,b>ri/]4         
,=ty-sev5? 7#aiaj7 ,edition1 includ+ !  
,legislation ( #aiji4 #hcj pp4 ,l>ge    

cr[n #hvo1 clo? ,j ,publi%$4 ,net #f_/h 
,,summ>y ,,( ,,cont5ts3 ,,l&lord ,,&    
,,t5ant--,,v5dors ,,&                   
,,pur*as]s--,,contracts ,,&             
,,agreem5ts--,,conveyances ,,&          
,,mortgages--,,jo9t-,,/ock              
,,companies--,,p>tn]%ip--,,%ipp+        
,,law--,,deal+s ,,)                     
,,money--,,sureti%ip--,,*eques1 ,,bills 
,,& ,,notes--,,bills ,,(                
,,sale--,,bankruptcy--,,ma/]s1 ,,s]vants
 ,,& ,,workm5--,,insurance3 ,,life1     
,,accid5t1 ,,etc4--,,copyright1         
,,pat5ts4 ,,trade ,,m>ks--,,husb& ,,&   
,,wife1 ,,divorce--,,infancy1 ,,cu/ody  
,,( ,,*ildr5--,,tru/ees ,,&             
,,executors--,,taxes ,,& ,,dea?         
,,duties--,,cl]gym51 ,,doctors1 ,,&     
,,lawy]s--,,p>liam5t>y                  
,,elections--,,local ,,gov]nm5t--,,libel
 ,,& ,,sl&]--,,nuisances--,,crim9al     
,,law--,,game ,,laws1 ,,gam+1           
,,innkeep]s--,,=ms ,,( ,,wills1         
,,agreem5ts1 ,,notices1 ,,etc4       ,a 
useful & concise epitome ( ! law4--,law 

,magaz9e4       ,a complete dige/ ( !   
mo/ useful facts :i* con/itute          
,engli% law4--,globe4       ,a diction>y
 ( legal facts well put toge!r4 ,! book 
is a v       useful "o4--,spectator4    
,,lea!r ,,manufacture4 ,a ,practical    
,h&book ( ,tann+1 ,curry+1 & ,*rome     
,lea!r ,dress+4 ,by ,a4 ,,watt4 ,fif?   
,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 #hvo1 clo? 
,net #ab_/f  ,,*emical ,,!ory ,,( ,,!   
,,tann+ ,,process--,,! ,,sk9--,,hides   
,,& ,,sk9s--,,tann9 ,,or ,,tannic       
,,acid--,,gallic ,,acid--,,gallic       
,,f]m5tation--,,tann+                   
,,mat]ials--,,e/imation ,,(             
,,tann9--,,prelim9>y                    
,,op]ations--,,depilation ,,or ,,unhair+
 ,,sk9s ,,& ,,hides--,,delim+ ,,or      
,,bat+--,,tann+ ,,butts ,,= ,,sole      
,,lea!r--,,tann+ ,,processes--,,tann+   
,,by ,,pressure--,,quick                
,,tann+--,,h>ness ,,lea!r               
,,tann+--,,am]ican ,,tann+--,,hemlock   
,,tann+--,,tann+ ,,by                   
,,electricity--,,*emical                

,,tann+--,,miscellane\s                 
,,processes--,,co/ ,,( ,,am]ican        
,,tann+--,,manufacture ,,( ,,light      
,,lea!rs--,,dye+ ,,lea!r--,,manufacture 
,,( ,,:ite ,,lea!r--,,*rome ,,lea!r     
,,manufacture--,,box ,,calf             
,,manufacture--,,*amois ,,or ,,oil      
,,lea!r                                 
,,manufacture--,,curry+--,,ma*9]y       
,,employ$ ,,9 ,,lea!r                   
,,manufacture--,,emboss+                
,,lea!r--,,fellmong]+--,,p>*m5t1        
,,vellum1 ,,& ,,%agre5--,,gut           
,,dress+--,,glue ,,boil+--,,utilisation 
,,( ,,tann]',s ,,wa/e4       ,a s\nd1   
compreh5sive treatise on tann+ & its    
accessories4--,*emical ,review4  ,,lea!r
 ,,manufacture4 ,,practical ,,tann+3 ,a 
,h&book ( ,mod]n ,processes1 ,receipts &
 ,sugge/ions = ! ,treatm5t ( ,hides1    
,sk9s1 & ,pelts ( e description1 includ+
 v>i\s ,pat5ts relat+ to ,tann+1 )      
specifications4 ,by ,,l\is ,a4 ,,flemm+1
 ,am]ican ,tann]4 ,second ,edition1 9   
great "p re-writt51 ?or\ghly revis$1 &  

mu* enl>g$4 ,illu/rat$ by six full-page 
,plates4 ,m$ium #hvo1 clo?1 #fcj pages  
,j publi%$4 ,net #bh_/j  ,,magnetos ,,= 
,,automobili/s1 ,,h[ ,,made ,,& ,,h[    
,,us$4 ,a ,h&book ( ,practical          
,in/ruction 9 ! ,manufacture &          
,adaptation ( ! ,magneto to ! ne$s ( !  
,motori/4 ,by ,s4 ,r4 ,,bottone1 late ( 
! ,collegio del ,c>m9e1 ,tur91 ,au?or ( 
,! ,dynamo1 ,ignition ,devices1 c4      
,second ,edition1 enl>g$4 ,) #eb        
,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? ,net    
#b_/j  ,,m>ble ,,& ,,m>ble ,,work+4 ,a  
,h&book = ,ar*itects1 ,sculptors1 ,m>ble
 ,qu>ry ,own]s & ,work]s1 & all engag$ 9
 ! ,build+ & ,decorative ,indu/ries4    
,conta9+ num]\s ,illu/rations & ?irte5  
,col\r$ ,plates4 ,by ,w4 ,g4 ,,r5wick1  
,au?or ( ,! ,m>ble ,indu/ry1 ,! ,work+ (
 ,m>ble = ,decorative ,purposes1 etc4   
#bdj pages4 ,m$ium #hvo1 clo? #ae_/j    
,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,m>ble--,,its        
,,geological ,,=mation--,a ,,%ort       
,,classification ,,(                    
,,m>bles--,,antiquity ,,( ,,! ,,m>ble   

,,indu/ry--,,anci5t ,,qu>ries ,,&       
,,me?ods ,,( ,,work+--,,mod]n ,,qu>ries 
,,& ,,qu>ry+ ,,me?ods--,,ma*9]y ,,us$   
,,9 ,,qu>ry+--,,european ,,& ,,am]ican  
,,sy/ems ,,comp>$--,,m>ble ,,z ,,build+ 
,,mat]ial--,,uses ,,( ,,m>ble ,,o!r     
,,?an ,,= ,,build+ ,,purposes-,,s\rces  
,,( ,,production3 ,,italian1 ,,fr5*1    
,,belgian1 ,,& ,,greek ,,m>bles1        
,,etc4--,,m>bles ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,k+dom
 ,,& ,,briti% ,,colonies--,,cont95tal   
,,m>ble ,,work+--,,m>ble ,,work+        
,,ma*9]y--,,m>ble ,,work+ ,,9 ,,!       
,,unit$ ,,/ates--,,am]ican ,,ma*9]y     
,,describ$ ,,& ,,comp>$--,,m>ble        
,,work+3 ,a ,,briti% ,,indu/ry--,,m>ble 
,,sub/itutes ,,&                        
,,imitations--,,practical ,,po9ts ,,=   
,,! ,,consid]ation ,,(                  
,,ar*itects--,,h9ts ,,on ,,! ,,selection
 ,,( ,,m>ble--,,li/ ,,( ,,m>bles ,,9    
,,ord9>y ,,use1 ,,) ,,descriptive       
,,notes ,,& ,,in/ances ,,( ,,_!         
,,application4  ,,m5suration ,,&        
,,gaug+4 ,a ,,pocket-,,book conta9+     

,tables1 ,rules1 & ,memor&a = ,rev5ue   
,(fic]s1 ,brew]s1 ,_s ,m]*ants1 c4 ,by  
,j4 ,b4 ,,mant4 ,second ,edition4 #ahmo1
 lea!r4 #d_/j       ,%\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e
 practical brew]4--,brew]s'             
,j\rnal4  ,,metric ,,tables1 ,a ,,s]ies 
,,(4 ,9 :i* ! ,briti% ,/&>d ,measures & 
,weights are comp>$ ) ^? ( ! ,metric    
,sy/em at pres5t 9 ,use on ! ,cont95t4  
,by ,c4 ,h4 ,,d[l+1 ,c4,e4 #hvo1 clo?   
#aj_/f       ,mr4 ,d[l+'s tables are    
well put toge!r z a ready-reckon] =     
! conv]sion ( "o sy/em into !           
o!r4--,a!num4  ,,metrology1 ,,mod]n4 ,a 
,manual ( ! ,metrical ,units & ,sy/ems (
 ! pres5t ,c5tury4 ,) an ,app5dix       
conta9+ a propos$ ,engli% ,sy/em4 ,by   
,,l[is d',a4 ,,jackson1                 
,a4,m4,in/4,c4,e41 ,au?or ( ,aid to     
,survey ,practice1 etc4 ,l>ge cr[n #hvo1
 clo? #ab_/f       ,we recomm5d ! "w to 
all int]e/$ 9 ! practical re=m (        
our weights & measures4--,nature4       
,,motor ,,c>1 ,,!4 ,a ,practical ,manual
 = ! use ( ,/ud5ts & ,motor ,c> ,own]s1 

) notes on ! ,int]nal ,combu/ion ,eng9e 
& its fuel4 ,by ,,rob]t ,w4 ,a4 ,,brew]1
 ,a4,m4,in/4,c4,e41 ,m4,i4,m4,e41       
,m4,i4,a4,e4 #bej pages4 ,) num]\s      
illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo1 clo? ,net     
#e_/j  ,,motor ,,c> ,,cate*ism4 ,conta9+
 ab\t #cbj ,que/ions & ,answ]s ,expla9+ 
! ,con/ruction & ,work+ ( a ,mod]n      
,motor ,c>4 ,= ! ,use ( ,own]s1 ,driv]s1
 & ,/ud5ts4 ,by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,knight4 
,second ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 ) an 
additional *apt] on ,motor ,cycles4     
,cr[n #hvo1 ) ,illu/rations ,net #a_/f  
,,! ,,petrol ,,eng9e--,,transmission ,,&
 ,,! ,,*assis--,,tyres--,,duties ,,( ,a 
,,c> ,,driv]--,,motor ,,cycles--,,laws  
,,& ,,regulations4  ,,motor ,,c>s ,,=   
,,common ,,roads4 ,by ,a4 ,j4           
,,wallis-,,tayl]1 ,a4,m4,in/4,c4,e4 #bab
 pp41 ) #gf ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4  
#d_/f  ,,motor ,,vehicles ,,= ,,bus9ess 
,,purposes4 ,a ,practical ,h&book = ^?  
int]e/$ 9 ! ,transport ( ,pass5g]s &    
,goods4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,,wallis-,,tayl]1   
,a4,m4,in/4,c4,e4 ,) #acd ,illu/rations4

 ,demy #hvo1 clo? ,net #i_/j            
,,resi/ance ,,to ,,traction ,,on        
,,common ,,roads--,,p[] ,,requir$ ,,=   
,,motor ,,vehicles--,,light ,,pass5g]   
,,vehicles--,,heavy ,,pass5g]           
,,vehicles--,,light ,,goods             
,,vans--,,heavy ,,freight               
,,vehicles--,,self-,,propell$ ,,vehicles
 ,,= ,,municipal                        
,,purposes--,,miscellane\s ,,types ,,(  
,,motor ,,vehicles--,,co/ ,,( ,,runn+   
,,& ,,ma9t5ance4  ,,oils ,,& ,,alli$    
,,sub/ances4 ,,an ,,analysis4 ,by ,a4   
,c4 ,,wright1 ,m4,a4,oxon41             
,b4,sc4,lond41 =m]ly ,assi/ant ,lectur] 
9 ,*emi/ry at ! ,york%ire ,college1     
,le$s1 & ,lectur] 9 ,*emi/ry at ! ,hull 
,te*nical ,s*ool4 ,demy #hvo1 clo? ,net 
#i_/j  ,,! ,,occurr5ce ,,& ,,composition
 ,,( ,,oils1 ,,fats ,,& ,,waxes--,,!    
,,physical ,,prop]ties ,,( ,,oils1      
,,fats1 ,,& ,,waxes1 ,,& ,,_!           
,,det]m9ation--,,! ,,*emical ,,prop]ties
 ,,( ,,oils1 ,,fats1 ,,& ,,waxes ,,f ,,!
 ,,analytical ,,/&po9t--,,detection ,,& 

,,det]m9ation ,,( ,,non-,,fatty         
,,con/itu5ts--,,me?ods ,,= ,,e/imat+ ,,!
 ,,con/itu5ts ,,( ,,oils ,,&            
,,fats--,,description ,,& ,,prop]ties   
,,( ,,! ,,m ,,important ,,oils1 ,,fats1 
,,& ,,waxes1 ,,) ,,! ,,me?ods ,,= ,,_!  
,,inve/igation--,,exam9ation ,,( ,,c]ta9
 ,,comm]cial ,,products4  ,,organ       
,,build+ 7,,practical74 ,by ,w4 ,e4     
,,dickson1 ,m4,a41 ,prec5tor ( ,ely     
,ca!dral4 ,second ,edition1 ,cr[n #hvo  
#b_/f  ,,pa9ts1 ,,mix$4 ,,_! ,,*emi/ry  
,,& ,,te*nology4 ,by ,,maximilian ,,to*4
 ,) #fj ,photomicrographic ,plates & o!r
 ,illu/rations ,net #ab_/f  ,,!         
,,pigm5ts--,,yell[1 ,,blue1 ,,& ,,gre5  
,,pigm5ts--,,! ,,in]t ,,fill]s ,,&      
,,ext5d]s--,,pa9t ,,vehicles--,,special 
,,pa9ts--,,analytical--,,app5dix4       
,,pa9t+ ,,= ,,! ,,imitation ,,( ,,woods 
,,& ,,m>bles4 ,z ,taught & ,practis$ by 
,a4 ,r4 ,,van ,,d] ,,burg & ,p4 ,,van   
,,d] ,,burg1 ,directors ( ! ,rott]dam   
,pa9t+ ,in/itution4 ,royal folio1 clo?1 
#aha_/b by #aba_/b 94 ,illu/rat$ ) #bd  

full-size ,col\r$ ,plates2 also #ab     
,pla9 ,plates1 compris+ #aed ,figures4  
,fif? ,edition ,net #be_/j  ,,pa9t+1    
,,gra9+1 ,,m>bl+1 ,,& ,,sign ,,writ+4 ,)
 a ,c\rse ( ,elem5t>y ,draw+ & a        
,collection ( ,useful ,receipts4 ,by ,e4
 ,a4 ,,davidson4 ,n9? ,edition4 ,col\r$ 
,plates4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #e_/j2 clo?  
bo>ds1 #f_/j  ,,pap]-,,mak+4 ,a         
,practical ,manual = ,pap] ,mak]s &     
,own]s & ,manag]s ( ,pap]-,mills4 ,)    
,tables1 ,calculations1 etc4 ,by ,g4    
,,clapp]ton1 ,pap]-,mak]4 ,)            
,illu/rations ( ,fibres f               
,micro-,photographs4 ,second edition1   
revis$ & enl>g$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? ,net  
#e_/j  ,,*emical ,,& ,,physical         
,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,v>i\s               
,,fibres--,,cutt+ ,,& ,,boil+ ,,(       
,,rags--,,jute ,,boil+ ,,&              
,,blea*+--,,wet ,,pick+--,,wa%+1        
,,break+1 ,,& ,,blea*+--,,electrolytic  
,,blea*+--,,anti*lor--,,cellulose ,,f   
,,wood--,,me*anical ,,wood              
,,pulp--,,esp>to ,,& ,,/raw--,,beat+--  

,,load+--,,/>*+--,,col\r+               
,,matt]--,,res91 ,,size1 ,,& ,,siz+--,,!
 ,,f\rdr9i] ,,ma*9e ,,& ,,its           
,,managem5t--,,animal                   
,,siz+--,,dry+--,,glaz+ ,,&             
,,burni%+--,,cutt+1                     
,,f9i%+--,,microscopical ,,exam9ation   
,,( ,,pap]--,,te/s ,,= ,,+r$i5ts ,,(    
,,pap]--,,recov]y ,,( ,,soda--,,te/+ ,,(
 ,,*emicals--,,te/+ ,,wat] ,,=          
,,impurities4       ,! au?or cat]s = !  
requirem5ts ( responsible mill h&s1     
appr5tices1 etc41 :il/ 8 manual w be    
f\nd ( great s]vice      to /ud5ts (    
te*nology1 z well z to vet]an pap]-mak]s
 &      mill-own]s4 ,! illu/rations =m  
an excell5t feature4--,!      ,_w's     
,pap] ,trade4  ,,pap]-,,mak+4 ,a        
,practical ,h&book ( ! ,manufacture (   
,pap] f ,rags1 ,esp>to1 ,/raw1 & o!r    
,fibr\s ,mat]ials4 ,includ+ !           
,manufacture ( ,pulp f ,wood ,fibre1 ) a
 ,description ( ! ,ma*9]y & ,appliances 
us$4 ,to :i* are add$ ,details (        
,processes = ,recov]+ ,soda f ,wa/e     

,liquors4 ,by ,a4 ,,watt4 ,)            
,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo #g_/f  ,,pap] 
,,mak+1 ,,*apt]s ,,on4 ,a ,s]ies (      
,volumes deal+ 9 a practical mann] ) all
 ! lead+ que/ions 9 connection ) !      
,*emi/ry ( ,pap]-,mak+ & ! ,manufacture 
( ,pap]4 ,by ,,clayton ,,beadle1        
,lectur] on ,pap]-,mak+ be=e ! ,society 
( ,arts1 #ahih & #aijb1 & at ! ,batt]sea
 ,polyte*nic ,in/itute1 #aijb1 etc41    
etc4 ,ea* volume is publi%$ sep>ately1  
at ! price ( #e_/j net p] vol4          
,volume ,i1 comprises a ,s]ies (        
,lectures deliv]$ on behalf ( !         
,batt]sea ,polyte*nic ,in/itute 9 #aijb4
 ,cr[n #hvo4 #aea pp4 ,net      #e_/j   
,volume ,,ii4 comprises ,answ]s to      
,que/ions on ,pap]-,mak+ ,set by      ! 
,exam9]s to ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london 
,in/itute1      #aija-aijc4 ,cr[n #hvo1 
#ahb pp4 ,net #e_/j       ,volume ,,iii4
 comprises a %ort practical ,treatise 9 
:i* ,boil+1      ,blea*+1 ,load+1       
,col\r+1 & simil> ,que/ions are         
discuss$4      ,cr[n #hvo1 #adb pp4 ,net

 #e_/j  ,,cont5ts3--,,brass ,,& ,,/eel  
,,beat] ,,b>s--,,! ,,size ,,& ,,spe$ ,,(
 ,,beat] ,,rolls--,,! ,,fad+ ,,(        
,,prussian ,,blue ,,pap]s--,,! ,,effect 
,,( ,,l[]+ ,,! ,,brea/ ,,roll--,,!      
,,effect ,,( ,,load+ ,,on ,,!           
,,transp>5cy ,,( ,,pap]--,,t]ra ,,alba  
,,z ,a ,,load+ ,,= ,,pap]--,,! ,,use ,,(
 ,,alum ,,9 ,,tub ,,siz+--,,! ,,influ5ce
 ,,( ,,temp]ature ,,on ,,blea*+--,,!    
,,use ,,( ,,ref9+ ,,eng9es--,,agitation 
,,z ,,an ,,auxili>y ,,to ,,blea*+--,,!  
,,heat+ ,,( ,,/uff ,,= ,,! ,,pap]       
,,ma*9e--,,! ,,comp>ative ,,results ,,( 
,,quadruple ,,& ,,op5 ,,effect          
,,evaporation--,,h[ ,,to ,,prev5t       
,,electrification ,,( ,,pap] ,,on ,,!   
,,ma*9e--,,transp>5cy ,,( ,,pap]s--,,!  
,,life ,,( ,,ma*9e ,,wires--,,edge      
,,runn]s4       ,volume ,,iv4 conta9s   
discussions ^u ,wat] ,supplies & !      
,managem5t ( ! ,pap] ,ma*9e & its       
influ5ce ^u !      ,qualities ( ,pap]s4 
,cr[n #hvo1 #afd pp4 ,net #e_/j         
,,cont5ts3--,,! ,,bulk+ ,,(             

,,pap]s--,,special ,,qualities ,,( ,,art
 ,,pap]s--,,! ,,age+ ,,& ,,/orage ,,(   
,,pap]s--,,! ,,use ,,( ,,lime ,,9       
,,boil+--,,controll+ ,,! ,,m>k ,,( ,,!  
,,d&y--,,ma*9e ,,& ,,h& ,,cut           
,,rags--,,fro? ,,on ,,pap]              
,,ma*9e--,,scum ,,spots ,,9             
,,pap]--,,consumption ,,( ,,wat] ,,9 ,,!
 ,,manufacture ,,( ,,pap]--,,!          
,,managem5t ,,( ,,suction-,,boxes--,,!  
,,%r9kage ,,( ,,pap] ,,on ,,!           
,,ma*9e--,,pap] ,,t ,,does ,,n ,,%r9k   
,,or ,,exp&--,,! ,,production ,,(       
,,non-,,/ret*able ,,pap]--,,!           
,,connection ,,betwe5 ,,/ret* ,,&       
,,expansion ,,( ,,pap]s--,,/ret* ,,&    
,,break+ ,,/ra9--,,pap] ,,te/+ ,,ma*9es4
       ,volume ,v4 conc]n+ ,,! ,,!ory   
,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,beat+4 ,cr[n #hvo4 
,) photomicrographs & o!r ,illu/rations4
 ,net #e_/j  ,,cont5ts3--,,e>ly ,,beat+ 
,,appliances--,,! ,,holl&]--,,!         
,,economy ,,( ,,beat+--,,difficulties   
,,( ,,arriv+ ,,at ,,def9ite             
,,results--,,behavi\r ,,( ,,diff]5t     

,,fibres--,,ref9+--,,p[]                
,,consumption--,a ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,two 
,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,beat]s--,,p[]    
,,consum$ ,,9 ,,! ,,break+1 ,,beat+1 ,,&
 ,,ref9+ ,,( ,,diff]5t                  
,,mat]ials--,,deal+ ,,) ,,!             
,,circulation ,,& ,,agitation ,,9 ,a    
,,holl&]--,,comp>isons ,,( ,,l>ge ,,&   
,,m$ium-,,siz$ ,,holl&]s ,,:5 ,,beat+   
,,h>d ,,& ,,s(t ,,/ock--,,trials ,,to   
,,det]m9e ,,! ,,relative ,,m]its ,,(    
,,/one ,,& ,,metal                      
,,beat]-,,b>s--,,trials ,,) ,,break]s1  
,,re$ ,,beat]s1 ,,& ,,k+sl& ,,ref9]s--,a
 ,,sy/em ,,( ,,beat+ ,,comb9$ ,,) ,a    
,,sy/em ,,= ,,cont9u\s                  
,,blea*+--,,beat]s ,,& ,,ref9]s--,,p[]  
,,consum$ ,,9 ,,gr9d+ ,,wood-,,pulp--,,!
 ,,r$uction ,,9 ,,l5g? ,,( ,,fibres ,,at
 ,,diff]5t ,,/ages ,,( ,,beat+--,,me?od 
,,= ,,det]m9+ ,,! ,,wetness ,,( ,,beat5 
,,/uff--,,! ,,position ,,( ,,beat]s ,,9 
,,old ,,& ,,mod]n                       
,,pap]-,,mills--,,app5dix4  ,,p>a       
,,rubb]4 ,,its ,,cultivation            

,,prep>ation4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,johnson1    
,f4,l4,s41 ,ex-,director ( ,agriculture1
 ,gold ,coa/ ,colony1 ,we/ ,africa1     
,director ( ,agriculture1 ,mozambique   
,company1 ,ea/ ,africa1 ,commission$ by 
,gov]nm5t 9 #aijb to visit ,ceylon to   
,/udy ! ,me?ods employ$ !re 9 !         
,cultivation & ,prep>ation ( ,p>a ,rubb]
 & o!r ,agricultural ,/aples = ,m>ket1 )
 a view to ,introduce !m into ,we/      
,africa4 ,second ,edition1 rewritt5 &   
greatly enl>g$1 ) num]\s illu/rations4  
,demy #hvo1 clo? ,net #g_/f  ,,! ,,_w',s
 ,,production ,,& ,,consumption ,,(     
,,rubb]--,,! ,,p>a ,,rubb] ,,tree ,,at  
,,home ,,&                              
,,abroad--,,propagation--,,plant+ ,,&   
,,cultivat+--,,soils ,,&                
,,manures--,,pe/s--,,latex--,,collect+  
,,! ,,latex--,,rubb] ,,manufacture--,,! 
,,antisepticisation ,,( ,,rubb]--,,dry+ 
,,& ,,pack+ ,,rubb] ,,=                 
,,export--,,yield ,,( ,,p>a ,,rubb] ,,f 
,,cultivat$ ,,trees--,,e/abli%m5t ,,&   
,,ma9t5ance ,,( ,a ,,p>a ,,rubb]        

,,plantation--,,comm]cial ,,value ,,(   
,,! ,,oil ,,9 ,,hevea ,,se$s4           
,,pa/rycook ,,& ,,confection]',s        
,,guide4 ,= ,hotels1 ,re/aurants1 & !   
,trade 9 g5]al1 adapt$ also = ,family   
,use4 ,by ,r4 ,,wells1 ,au?or ( ,!      
,bread & ,biscuit ,bak] #a_/j  ,,petrol 
,,air ,,gas4 ,a ,practical ,h&book on ! 
,in/allation & ,work+ ( ,air ,gas       
,light+ ,sy/ems = ,c\ntry ,h\ses4 ,by   
,,h5ry ,o',,connor1 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,a4,m4
 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 c41 au?or ( ,! ,gas      
,eng9e]'s ,pocket ,book4 #hj pages )    
illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? ,net     
#a_/f  ,,description ,,( ,,previ\s      
,,plants ,,& ,,sy/ems ,,=               
,,c\ntry-,,h\se ,,light+1 ,,difficulties
 ,,)1 ,,objections ,,&                  
,,prices--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,petrol ,,gas1  
,,comp>ative ,,co/s--,,petrol1 ,,its    
,,nature1 ,,dang]s1 ,,& ,,/or+1 ,,notes 
,,on ,,! ,,law ,,reg>d+                 
,,same--,,burn]s1 ,,description ,,(     
,,same1 ,,pip+1 ,,mantles--,,g5]al      
,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,p>ts ,,(              

,,plants--,,motive ,,p[]                
,,met]s--,,weight-,,driv5               
,,plants--,,root',s ,,bl[]s--,,hot-,,air
 ,,eng9es--,,pelton                     
,,wat]-,,:eels--,,descriptions ,,(      
,,v>i\s ,,plants--,,extract ,,f ,,an    
,,act ,,= ,,! ,,safe-,,keep+ ,,(        
,,petroleum ,,& ,,o!r ,,sub/ances ,,( ,a
 ,,l ,,nature--,,app5dix--,,useful      
,,notes4  ,,petroleum4 ,,! ,,oil        
,,fields ,,( ,,russia ,,& ,,! ,,russian 
,,petroleum ,,indu/ry4 ,a ,practical    
,h&book on ! ,exploration1              
,exploitation1 & ,managem5t ( ,russian  
,oil ,prop]ties1 ! ,orig9 ( ,petroleum 9
 ,russia1 ! ,!ory & ,practice ( ,liquid 
,fuel4 ,by ,a4 ,b4 ,,?ompson1           
,a4,m4,i4,m4,e41 ,f4,g4,s4 #dae pp41 )  
num]\s ,illu/rations & ,photographic    
,plates4 ,second ,edition ,revis$4      
,sup]-royal #hvo1 clo? ,net #ba_/j      
,,petroleum ,,m9+ ,,& ,,oil-,,field     
,,developm5t4 ,a ,guide to !            
,exploration ( ,petroleum ,l&s1 & a     
,/udy ( ! ,eng9e]+ ,problems connect$ ) 

! ,w9n+ ( ,petroleum4 ,includ+          
,/ati/ical ,data ( important ,oil       
,fields4 ,notes on ! ,orig9 &           
,di/ribution ( ,petroleum1 & a          
description ( ! ,me?ods ( ,utiliz+ ,oil 
& ,gas ,fuels4 ,by ,a4 ,,beeby          
,,?ompson1 ,a4,m4,i4,me*4,e41 ,f4,g4,s4 
,au?or ( ,! ,oil ,fields ( ,russia4 #chd
 pages1 #aad illu/rations1 includ+ #bb  
full-page plates4 ,demy #hvo1 clo?4 ,j  
,publi%$4 ,net #ae_/j       ,x is an    
admirable text-book by a compet5t       
au?ority on an      int]e/+             
subject4--,m9+ ,magaz9e4       ,! pres5t
 ef=t is likely to receive a w>m welcome
 9      eng9e]+ circles1 & x c be       
cordially comm5d$ = p]usal4      ,x w   
d\btless h t l>ge sale to :i* its m]its 
entitle      x4--,m9+ ,_w4       ,!     
g5]al aspects ( ! ,petroleum ,indu/ry   
are fully & ably      laid              
out4--,eng9e]4  ,,pigm5ts1 ,,arti/s'    
,,manual ,,(4 ,%[+ _! ,composition1     
,conditions ( ,p]man5cy1 ,non-,p]man5cy1
 & ,adult]ations1 etc41 ) ,te/s (       

,purity4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,,/&age4 ,?ird     
,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #b_/f        
,,portl& ,,cem5t1 ,,! ,,mod]n           
,,manufacture ,,(4 ,by ,,p]cy ,c4 ,h4   
,,we/1 ,*emical ,eng9e] & ,consult+     
,*emi/4 ,9 ,?ree ,volumes4 ,vol4 ,i41   
deal+ ) ,ma*9]y & ,kilns4 ,ab\t #bjj    
pages1 ,m$ium #hvo4 ,) num]\s           
,illu/rations4 ,ne>ly ready1 price ab\t 
#aj_/f  ,,produc] ,,gas ,,practice      
7,,am]ican7 ,,& ,,indu/rial ,,gas       
,,eng9e]+4 ,by ,,nisbet ,,latta1        
,m4,am]4,soc4,m4,e41 ,m4,am]4,gas ,in/4 
#eeh pages1 ) #bdg illu/rations4 ,demy  
#dto1 clo? ,j ,publi%$4 ,net #be_/-     
,,produc] ,,op]ation--,,clean+ ,,!      
,,gas--,,works ,,details--,,produc]     
,,types--,,mov+ ,,gases--,,solid        
,,fuels--,,physical ,,prop]ties ,,(     
,,gases--,,*emical ,,prop]ties ,,(      
,,gases--,,gas ,,analysis--,,gas        
,,p[]--,,gas ,,eng9es--,,indu/rial ,,gas
 ,,applications--,,furnaces ,,&         
,,kilns--,,burn+ ,,lime ,,&             
,,cem5t--,,pre-,,heat+ ,,air--,,doh]ty  

,,combu/ion ,,economis]--,,combu/ion ,,9
 ,,furnaces--,,heat3 ,,temp]ature1      
,,radiation ,,& ,,conduction--,,heat    
,,measurem5ts3 ,,pyrometry ,,&          
,,calorimetry--,,pipes1 ,,flues1 ,,&    
,,*imneys--,,mat]ials3 ,,fire ,,clay1   
,,masonry1 ,,weights ,,&                
,,rope--,,useful ,,tables--,,oil ,,fuel 
,,produc] ,,gas4  ,,recipes1 ,,=mulas   
,,& ,,processes1 ,,tw5tie? ,,c5tury     
,,book ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,,g>dn] ,d4       
,hiscox1 ,m4,e4 ,ne>ly #aj1jjj          
,sci5tific1 ,*emical1 ,te*nical1 &      
,h\sehold ,recipes1 ,=mulas & ,processes
 = ,use 9 ! ,laboratory & ! ,(fice1 !   
,work%op & ! ,home4 ,m$ium #hvo1 #hjj   
pp41 clo?4 ,net #ab_/f  ,,select$ ,,li/ 
,,( ,,cont5ts3--,,abs9!--,,acid         
,,pro(+--,,adhesives--                  
,,alcohol--,,alkali--,,alloys--,,alum9iu
m--,,ammonia--,,anil9e--,,antidotes ,,= 
,,poison--,,an*ovy                      
,,prep>ations--,,antiseptics--,,antiques
--,,bak+ ,,p[d]s--                      
,,aromet]s--,,bev]ages--,,blea*+--,,bras

s--,,brick--,,c>bolic ,,acids--,,ca/+-- 
,,celluloid--,,*eese--,,c]amics--,,cig>s
--,,c(fee--,,condim5ts--,,copp]--       
,,cosmetics--,,cotton--,,diamond        
,,te/s--,,don>ite--,,dyes--,,electro    
,,plat+--                               
,,embalm+--,,enamell+--,,engrav+--,,ess5
ces--,,explosives--,,f]tilis]s--        
,,filt]s--,,food                        
,,adult]ants--,,gelat9e--,,glass--,,gold
--,,gums--,,h>ness                      
,,dress+s--,,horn--,,inks--,,insecticide
s--,,iron--,,ivory--,,jewell]s'         
,,=mulas-- ,,lacqu]s--,,laundry         
,,prep>ations--,,lea!r--,,l9oleum--,,lub
ricants-- ,,mat*es--,,metals--,,music   
,,boxes--,,oils--,,pa9ts--,,pap]--,,p]fu
mes--,,petroleum--                      
,,photography--,,pla/]--,,plat+--,,poli%
es--,,porcela9--,,p\ltry--,,putty--,,rat
                                        
,,poisons--,,refrig]ation--,,ropes--,,ru
bb]--,,ru/                              
,,prev5tives--,,salt--,,screws--        
,,silk--,,silv]--,,soaps--,,sold]s--,,_s

--,,sponges--,,/eel--,,/one--           
,,!rmomet]s--,,t9--,,valves--,,v>ni%es--
,,vet]9>y ,,=mulas--,,wat*mak]s'        
,,=mulas--,,wat]pro(+--,,wax--,,weights 
,,& ,,measures--,,:itewa%--             
,,wood--,,yea/4  ,,rubb] ,,h& ,,/amps4  
,& ! ,manipulation ( ,rubb]4 ,a         
,practical ,treatise on ! ,manufacture (
 ,indi>ubb] ,h& ,/amps1 ,small ,articles
 ( ,indi>ubb]1 ,! ,hektograph1 ,special 
,inks1 ,cem5ts1 & ,alli$ ,subjects4 ,by 
,t4 ,o',,conor ,,sloane ,a4,m41 ,ph4,d4 
,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,squ>e #hvo1   
clo? #e_/j  ,,sav\ries ,,& ,,sweets4    
,suitable = ,lun*eons & ,d9n]s4 ,by     
,miss ,m4 ,l4 ,all5 7,mrs4 ,a4          
,macaire71 ,au?or ( ,breakfa/ ,di%es1   
etc4 ,?irty-fir/ ,edition4 ,f'cap #hvo1 
sew$ #a_/j ,or1 qu>t] b\nd1 fancy bo>ds 
#a_/f  ,,%eet ,,metal-,,work]',s        
,,guide4 ,a ,practical ,h&book =        
,t9smi?s1 ,copp]smi?s1 ,z9cwork]s1 c41 )
 #df ,diagrams & ,work+ ,patt]ns4 ,by   
,w4 ,j4 ,e4 ,,crane4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,clo?  
#a_/f  ,,%eet ,,metal-,,work]',s        

,,in/ructor4 ,compris+ ,geometrical     
,problems & ,practical ,rules =         
,describ+ ! ,v>i\s ,patt]ns ,requir$ by 
,z9c1 ,%eet-,iron1 ,copp]1 & ,t9-,plate 
,work]s4 ,by ,r4 ,h4 ,,w>n4 ,?ird       
,edition4 ,revis$ & ,fur!r ,enl>g$ by   
,j4 ,g4 ,,horn]1 ,a4,m4,i4,m4,e4 ,cr[n  
#hvo1 #bhj pp41 ) #dfe ,illu/rations1   
clo? #g_/f  ,,silv]smi?',s ,,h&book4    
,alloy+ & ,work+ ( ,silv]1 ,ref9+ &     
,melt+1 ,sold]s1 ,imitation ,alloys1    
,manipulation1 ,prev5tion ( ,wa/e1      
,improv+ & ,f9i%+ ! ,surface ( ! ,"w1   
etc4 ,by ,,george ,e4 ,,gee4 ,f\r?      
,edition ,revis$1 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #c_/j
  ,,soap-,,mak+4 ,a ,practical ,h&book (
 ! ,manufacture ( ,h>d & ,s(t ,soaps1   
,toilet ,soaps1 etc4 ,) a ,*apt] on !   
,recov]y ( ,glyc]9e f ,wa/e ,leys4 ,by  
,,alex&] ,,watt4 ,sev5? ,edition1       
includ+ an ,app5dix on ,mod]n ,c&lemak+4
 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? #g_/f       ,! "w w   
prove v useful1 n m]ely to !            
te*nological      /ud5t1 b to ! soap    
boil] :o wi%es to und]/& ! !ory      ( 8

 art4--,*emical ,news4  ,,soaps1        
,,c&les1 & ,,glyc]9e4 ,a ,practical     
,manual ( ,mod]n ,me?od ( ,utilisation (
 ,fats & ,oils 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,soap 
& ,c&les1 & ( ! recov]y ( ,glyc]9e4 ,by 
,l4 ,l4 ,,lamborn1 ,massa*usetts        
,in/itute ( ,te*nology1 ,m4,am4,c4,s4   
,m$ium #hvo1 clo?4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4   
#gjf pages ,net #cj_/j  ,,! ,,soap      
,,indu/ry--,,raw ,,mat]ials--,,blea*+   
,,& ,,purification ,,(                  
,,soap-,,/ock--,,! ,,*emical            
,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,soap-,,/ock ,,& ,,_!
 ,,behavi\r ,,t[>ds ,,saponify+         
,,ag5ts--,,me*anical ,,equival5t ,,( ,,!
 ,,soap ,,factory--,,cold ,,process ,,& 
,,semi-,,boil$ ,,soap--,,gra9$          
,,soap--,,settl$ ,,ros9 ,,soap--,,mill$ 
,,soap-,,base--,,float+ ,,soap--,,%av+  
,,soap--,,m$icat$ ,,soap--,,ess5tial    
,,oils ,,& ,,soap ,,p]fum]y--,,mill$    
,,soap--,,c&les--                       
,,glyc]9e--,,exam9ation ,,( ,,raw       
,,mat]ials ,,& ,,factory ,,products4    
,,solubilities ,,( ,,inorganic ,,&      

,,organic ,,sub/ances4 ,a ,h&-book ( !  
mo/ ,reliable ,quantitative ,solubility 
,det]m9ations4 ,recalculat$ & ,compil$  
by ,,a!rton ,,seidell1 ,ph4,d41 ,*emi/1 
,hygi5ic ,laboratory1 ,u4 ,s4 ,public   
,heal? ,s]vice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d ,c4 ,m$ium 
#hvo1 clo?1 #cgg pages ,net #ab_/f      
,,tea ,,ma*9]y ,,& ,,tea ,,factories4   
,describ+ ! ,me*anical ,appliances      
requir$ 9 ! ,cultivation & ,prep>ation (
 ,tea = ! ,m>ket4 ,by ,a4 ,j4           
,,wallis-,,tayl]1 ,a4,m4,in/4,c4,e4     
,m$ium #hvo1 #dfh pp4 ,) #bah           
,illu/rations ,net #be_/j       ,!      
subject ( tea ma*9]y is n[ "o ( ! fir/  
int]e/ to a      l>ge class ( p1 to :om 
we /rongly comm5d !      volume4--,*amb]
 ( ,comm]ce ,j\rnal4  ,,wages ,,tables4 
,at #ed1 #eb1 #ej1 & #dh ,h\rs p] ,week4
 ,%[+ ! ,am\nts ( ,wages f "o qu>t] ( an
 h\r to sixty-f\r h\rs1 9 ea* case at   
,rates ( ,wages advanc+ by ,"o ,%ill+ f 
#ds4 to #ees4 p] week4 ,by ,,?os4       
,,c>butt1 ,acc\ntant4 ,squ>e cr[n1 #hvo1
 half-b\nd #f_/j  ,,wat* ,,repair+1     

,,clean+1 ,,& ,,adju/+4 ,a ,practical   
,h&book deal+ ) ! ,mat]ials & ,tools    
,us$1 & ! ,me?ods ( ,repair+1 ,clean+1  
,alt]+1 & ,adju/+ all k9ds ( ,engli% &  
,=eign ,wat*es1 ,repeat]s1 ,*ronographs1
 & ,m>9e ,*ronomet]s4 ,by ,f4 ,j4       
,,g>r>d1 ,spr+] & ,adju/] ( ,m>9e       
,*ronomet]s & ,deck ,wat*es = !         
,admiralty4 ,second ,edition4 ,revis$4  
,) ov] #bjj ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo1  
clo? ,net #d_/f  ,,wat*es ,,& ,,o!r     
,,timekeep]s1 ,,hi/ory ,,(4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 
,,k5dal1 ,m4,b4,h4 ,in/4 #a_/f bo>ds2 or
 clo? #b_/f  ,,wat*mak]',s ,,h&book4    
,int5d$ z a ,work%op ,companion = ^?    
engag$ 9 ,wat*mak+ & ! ,alli$ ,me*anical
 ,arts4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* (          
,,claudius ,,sauni]1 & enl>g$ by ,,juli5
 ,,trippl91 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 & ,,edw>d     
,,rigg1 ,m4,a41 ,assay] 9 ! ,royal ,m9t4
 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr4 #hvo1 clo? #i_/j  
,ea* "p is truly a treatise 9 itself4 ,!
 arrangem5t is good      & ! language is
 cle> & concise4 ,x is an admirable     
guide =      ! "y wat*mak]4--,eng9e]+4  

,,weight ,,calculator4 ,be+ a ,s]ies (  
,tables ^u a ,new & ,compreh5sive ,plan1
 exhibit+ at "o ,ref]5ce ! ,exact ,value
 ( any ,weight f #a lb4 to #ae tons1 at 
#cjj ,progressive ,rates1 f #a;d4 to    
#afhs4 p] cwt41 & conta9+ #ahf1jjj      
,direct ,answ]s1 :i*1 ) _! ,comb9ations1
 consi/+ ( a s+le addition 7mo/ly to be 
p]=m$ at sight71 w af=d an aggregate (  
#aj1bff1jjj ,answ]s2 ! :ole be+         
calculat$ & design$ to ensure           
correctness & promote despat*4 ,by      
,,h5ry ,,h>b51 ,acc\ntant4 ,six?        
edition1 c>efully correct$4 ,royal #hvo1
 /rongly half b\nd #a #es4       ,a     
practical & useful "w ( ref]5ce = m5 (  
bus9ess      g5]ally4--,ironmong]4      
,( priceless value to bus9ess           
m54--,%effield ,indep5d5t4  ,,wood      
,,engrav+4 ,a ,practical & ,easy        
,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ! ,art4 ,by  
,w4 ,n4 ,,br[n4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?4 #a_/f 
,,h&ybooks ,,= ,,h&icrafts4  ,,by ,,paul
 ,n4 ,,hasluck4  ,au?or ( ,la! ,"w1 etc4
 ,cr[n #hvo1 #add pp41 price #as4 ea*4  

symbol3 "r po9t+ h&,^! ,,h&ybooks h be5 
writt5 to supply in=mation = ,,workm5   
,,/ud5ts1 & ,,amateurs 9 ! sev]al       
,h&icrafts1 on ! actual ,,practice ( !  
,,work%op1 & are int5d$ to convey 9 pla9
 language ,,te*nical ,,k ( ! sev]al     
,,crafts4 ,9 describ+ ! processes       
employ$1 & ! manipulation ( mat]ial1    
work%op t]ms are us$2 work%op practice  
is fully expla9$2 & ! text is freely    
illu/rat$ ) draw+s ( mod]n tools1       
appliances1 & processes4  ,,metal       
,,turn]',s ,,h&ybook4 ,a ,practical     
,manual = ,work]s at ! ,foot-,la!4 ,)   
#ajj ,illu/rations #a_/j       ,! book  
displays ?or\gh k ( !                   
subject4--,scotsman4  ,,wood ,,turn]',s 
,,h&ybook4 ,a ,practical ,manual =      
,work]s at ! ,la!4 ,) #ajj ,illu/rations
 #a_/j       ,we recomm5d ! book to "y  
turn]s & amateurs4--,me*anical      ,_w4
  ,,wat* ,,jobb]',s ,,h&ybook4 ,a       
,practical ,manual ( ,clean+1 ,repair+1 
& ,adju/+4 ,) #ajj ,illu/rations #a_/j  
,all connect$ ) ! trade %\ld acquire &  

/udy ?is      "w4--,cl]k5well ,*ronicle4
  ,,patt]n ,,mak]',s ,,h&ybook4 ,a      
,practical ,manual on ! ,con/ruction (  
,patt]ns4 ,) #ajj ,illu/rations #a_/j   
,a mo/ valuable1 if n indisp5sable1     
manual = !      patt]n-mak]4--,k4       
,,me*anic',s ,,work%op ,,h&ybook4 ,a    
,practical ,manual on ,me*anical        
,manipulation1 embrac+ ,in=mation on    
v>i\s ,h&icraft ,processes4 ,) ,useful  
,notes & ,miscellane\s ,memor&a4        
,compris+ ab\t #bjj ,subjects #a_/j     
,%\ld be f\nd 9 e work%op1 & 9 all      
te*nical      ,s*ools4--,saturday       
,review4  ,,model ,,eng9e]',s ,,h&ybook4
 ,a ,practical ,manual on ! ,con/ruction
 ( ,model ,/eam ,eng9es4 ,) upw>ds (    
#ajj ,illu/rations #a_/j       ,mr4     
,hasluck has produc$ a v good little    
book4--,build]4  ,,clock ,,jobb]',s     
,,h&ybook4 ,a ,practical ,manual on     
,clean+1 ,repair+1 & ,adju/+4 ,) #ajj   
,illu/rations #a_/j       ,x is (       
ine/imable s]vice to ^? comm5c+ !       
trade4--,cov5try ,/&>d4  ,,cab9et       

,,work]',s ,,h&ybook4 ,a ,practical     
,manual on ! ,tools1 ,mat]ials1         
,appliances1 & ,processes employ$ 9     
,cab9et ,"w4 ,) upw>ds ( #ajj           
,illu/rations #a_/j       ,among/ ! mo/ 
practical guides = beg9n]s 9            
cab9et-"w4--,saturday ,review4          
,,woodwork]',s ,,h&ybook4 ,embrac+      
in=mation on ! ,tools1 ,mat]ials1       
,appliances & ,processes ,employ$ 9     
,woodwork+4 ,) #ajd ,illu/rations #a_/j 
,writt5 by a man :o kn[s1 n only h[ "w  
ought to be done1      b h[ to d x1 & h[
 to convey 8 k to      o!rs4--,eng9e]+4 
,mr4 ,hasluck writes admirably1 & gives 
complete      in/ructions4--,eng9e]4    
,mr4 ,hasluck comb9es ! exp]i5ce ( a    
practical tea*] )      ! manipulative   
skill & sci5tific k ( processes ( !     
tra9$ me*anician1 & ! manuals are m>vels
 ( :at c be      produc$ at a popul>    
price4--,s*oolma/]4       ,helpful to   
workm5 ( all ages & degrees (           
exp]i5ce4--,daily      ,*ronicle4       
,,bradbury1 ,,agnew1  ,,co4 ,,ld41      

,,london ,,& ,,tonbridge4               
7#cia4be4e4aj47     ,,weale',s          
,,sci5tific  ,,te*nical ,,s]ies4        
,,ma!matics1 ,,ari?metic1 c4  ,geometry1
 ,descriptive4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,hea!r          
#b_/- ,practical ,plane ,geometry4 ,j4  
,f4 ,,hea!r                      #b_/-  
,analytical ,geometry4 ,j4 ,,hann  ,j4  
,r4 ,,"y                   #b_/-        
,geometry4 ,"p ,i4 7,euclid1 ,bks4      
,i4--,,iii47 ,h4 ,,law             #a_/f
           ,"p ,,ii4 7,euclid1 ,books   
,,iv41 ,v41 ,,vi41 ,,xi41               
,,xii474 ,h4 ,,law                      
#a_/f ,geometry1 9 #a vol4 7,euclid's   
,elem5ts7                      #b_/f    
,plane ,trigonometry4 ,j4 ,,hann        
#a_/f ,sph]ical ,trigonometry4 ,j4      
,,hann                                  
#a_/-        ,! above #b vols41 b\nd    
toge!r                     #b_/f        
,diff]5tial ,calculus4 ,w4 ,s4 ,b4      
,,woolh\se                    #a_/f     
,integral ,calculus4 ,h4 ,,cox          
#a_/f ,algebra4 ,j4 ,,haddon            

#b_/- ,key to ditto                     
#a_/f ,book-keep+4 ,j4 ,,haddon         
#a_/f ,ari?metic4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,"y          
#a_/f ,key to ditto                     
#a_/f ,equational ,ari?metic4 ,w4       
,,hipsley                               
#a_/f ,ari?metic4 ,j4 ,,haddon          
#a_/f ,ma!matical ,in/rum5ts4 ,,hea!r   
,,walmisley                #b_/- ,draw+ 
,measur+ ,in/rum5ts4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,hea!r    
#a_/f ,optical ,in/rum5ts1 ,j4 ,f4      
,,hea!r                           #a_/f 
,survey+  ,a/ronomical ,in/rum5ts4 ,j4  
,f4 ,,hea!r          #a_/f       ,!     
above #c vols41 b\nd toge!r             
#d_/f ,m5suration & ,measur+4 ,t4 ,,bak]
                          #a_/f ,slide  
,rule1  ,h[ to ,use x4 ,c4 ,,ho>e       
#b_/f ,measures1 ,weights1  ,moneys4 ,w4
 ,s4 ,b4 ,,woolh\se              #b_/f  
,log>i?ms1 ,treatise on1 ) ,tables4 ,h4 
,,law                 #c_/- ,comp\nd    
,int]e/ & ,annuities4 ,f4 ,,?oman       
#d_/- ,comp5di\s ,calculator4 ,d4       
,o',,gorman                             

#b_/f ,ma!matics4 ,f4 ,,camp9           
#c_/- ,a/ronomy4 ,r4 ,,ma9  ,w4 ,t4     
,,lynn                                  
#b_/- ,/atics & ,dynamics4 ,t4 ,,bak]   
#a_/f ,sup]ficial ,measurem5t4 ,j4      
,,hawk+s                         #c_/f  
,,build+  ,,ar*itecture4  ,build+       
,e/ates4 ,f4 ,,maitl&                   
#b_/- ,sci5ce ( ,build+4 ,e4 ,w4 ,,t>n  
#c_/f ,build+1 ,art (4 ,e4 ,,dobson &   
,j4 ,p4 ,,all5                  #b_/-   
,book on ,build+4 ,sir ,e4 ,,beckett    
#d_/f ,dwell+ ,h\ses1 ,erection (4 ,s4  
,h4 ,,brooks                   #b_/f    
,cottage ,build+4 ,c4 ,b4 ,,all5        
#b_/- ,ac\/ics ( ,public ,build+s4 ,pr(4
 ,t4 ,r4 ,,smi?4            #a_/f       
,practical ,bricklay+4 ,a4 ,,hammond    
#a_/f ,practical ,brick ,cutt+  ,sett+4 
,a4 ,,hammond                #a_/f      
,brickwork4 ,f4 ,,walk]                 
#a_/f ,brick & ,tile ,mak+4 ,e4 ,,dobson
                             #c_/-      
,practical ,brick  ,tile ,book4 ,,dobson
  ,,hammond                #f_/-        

,c>p5try & ,jo9]y4 ,t4 ,,tr$gold  ,e4   
,w4 ,,t>n              #c_/f            
,atlas ( #ce plates to ! above          
#f_/- ,h&rail+1 & ,/aircas+4 ,g4        
,,coll+s                    #b_/f       
,circul> ,"w 9 ,c>p5try4 ,g4 ,,coll+s   
#b_/f ,ro( ,c>p5try4 ,g4 ,,coll+s       
#b_/- ,con/ruction ( ,ro(s4 ,e4 ,w4     
,,t>n                            #a_/f  
,jo9ts us$ by ,build]s4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,*ri/y 
#c_/- ,%or+4 ,g4 ,h4 ,,blagrove         
#a_/f ,timb] ,import]'s  ,build]'s      
,guide4 ,r4 ,e4 ,,gr&y            #b_/- 
,plumb+4 ,w4 ,p4 ,,bu*an                
#c_/f ,v5tilation ( ,build+s4 ,w4 ,p4   
,,bu*an                       #c_/f     
,practical ,pla/]]4 ,w4 ,,kemp          
#b_/- ,h\se-,pa9t+4 ,e4 ,a4 ,,davidson  
#e_/- ,elem5t>y ,decoration4 ,j4 ,w4    
,,facey                           #b_/- 
,practical ,h\se ,decoration4 ,j4 ,w4   
,,facey                      #b_/f      
,gas-,fitt+4 ,j4 ,,black                
#b_/f ,portl& ,cem5t = ,us]s4 ,h4       
,,faija  ,d4 ,b4 ,,butl]           #c_/-

 ,limes1 ,cem5ts1  ,mort>s4 ,g4 ,r4     
,,burnell                     #a_/f     
,masonry & ,/one ,cutt+4 ,e4 ,,dobson   
#b_/f ,ar*es1 ,pi]s1 & ,buttresses4 ,w4 
,,bl&                      #a_/f        
,quantities & ,measurem5ts4 ,a4 ,c4     
,,beaton                    #a_/f       
,complete ,measur]4 ,r4 ,,horton        
#d_/- ,sup]ficial ,measurem5t4 ,j4      
,,hawk+s                         #c_/f  
,light1 = use ( ,ar*itects4 ,e4 ,w4     
,,t>n                     #a_/f ,h9ts to
 ,"y ,ar*itects4 ,,wightwick            
,,guillaume             #c_/f ,diction>y
 ( ,ar*itectural ,t]ms4 ,j4 ,,weale     
#e_/- ,ar*itecture1 ,ord]s4 ,w4 ,h4     
,,le$s                            #a_/f 
,ar*itecture1 ,/yles4 ,t4 ,t4 ,,bury    
#b_/-        ,! above #b vols41 b\nd    
toge!r                     #c_/f        
,ar*itecture1 ,design4 ,e4 ,l4 ,,g>bett 
#b_/f        ,! above #c vols41 b\nd    
toge!r                     #f_/-        
,ar*itectural ,modell+4 ,t4 ,a4         
,,ri*>dson                    #a_/f     

,vitruvius' ,ar*itecture4 ,j4 ,,gwilt   
#e_/- ,grecian ,ar*itecture4 ,"l        
,,ab]de5                          #a_/- 
,! above #b vols41 b\nd toge!r          
#f_/-   ,,f9e ,,arts4  ,diction>y (     
,pa9t]s4 ,p4 ,,d>yl                     
#b_/f ,pa9t+1 ,f9e ,art4 ,t4 ,j4        
,,gullick  ,j4 ,,timbs                  
#e_/- ,gramm> ( ,col\r+4 ,g4 ,,field    
,e4 ,a4 ,,davidson              #c_/-   
,p]spective4 ,g4 ,,pyne                 
#b_/- ,glass ,/a9+  ,pa9t+ on ,glass    
#b_/f ,music4 ,c4 ,c4 ,,sp5c]           
#b_/f ,pian(orte ,in/ruction4 ,c4 ,c4   
,,sp5c]                        #a_/f    
,,indu/rial  ,,useful ,,arts4  ,cem5ts1 
,pa/es1 ,glues  ,gums4 ,h4 ,c4 ,,/&age  
#b_/- ,clocks1 ,wat*es & ,bells4 ,"l    
,,grim?orpe                   #d_/f     
,goldsmi?'s ,h&book4 ,g4 ,e4 ,,gee      
#c_/- ,silv]smi?'s ,h&book4 ,g4 ,e4     
,,gee                            #c_/-  
,goldsmi?'s  ,silv]smi?'s ,h&book4 ,g4  
,e4 ,,gee              #g_/- ,hall-,m>k+
 ( ,jewelry4 ,g4 ,e4 ,,gee              

#b_/- ,cab9et ,mak]'s ,guide4 ,r4       
,,bitmead                               
#b_/f ,practical ,organ ,build+4 ,w4 ,e4
 ,,dickson                      #b_/f   
,coa* ,build+4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,burgess        
#b_/f ,brass ,f\nd]'s ,manual4 ,w4      
,,graham                                
#b_/- ,fr5* ,poli%+ & ,enamell+4 ,r4    
,,bitmead                  #a_/f ,h\se  
,decoration4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,facey            
#e_/- ,lett]-,pa9t+ ,made ,easy4 ,j4 ,g4
 ,,bad5o*                    #a_/f ,boot
 & ,%oemak+4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,l5o              
#b_/- ,me*anical ,d5ti/ry4 ,c4 ,,hunt]  
#c_/- ,wood ,engrav+4 ,w4 ,n4 ,,br[n    
#a_/f ,laundry ,managem5t               
#b_/-   ,,crosby ,,lockwood  ,,son1 #g1 
,/ation]s' ,hall ,c\rt1 ,e4,c4          
,transcrib]'s note3 ! foll[+            
adv]tisem5ts 7 mov$ f ! front ( ! book4 
,,weale',s ,,sci5tific  ,,te*nical      
,,s]ies4   ,,civil ,,eng9e]+  ,,survey+4
  ,civil ,eng9e]+4 ,h4 ,,law  ,d4 ,k4   
,,cl>k                      #f_/f       
,pione] ,eng9e]+4 ,e4 ,,dobson          

#d_/f ,iron ,bridges ( ,mod]ate ,span4  
,h4 ,w4 ,,p5dr$                 #b_/-   
,iron & ,/eel ,bridges  ,viaducts4 ,f4  
,,camp9                 #c_/f           
,con/ructional ,/eel  ,ironwork4 ,f4    
,,camp9                   #c_/f ,tubul> 
,gird] ,bridges4 ,g4 ,d4 ,,dempsey      
#b_/- ,mat]ials & ,con/ruction4 ,f4     
,,camp9                        #c_/-    
,sanit>y ,"w4 ,c4 ,,slagg               
#c_/- ,roads  ,/reets4 ,,law1 ,,cl>k1   
,,wallis-,,tayl]                 #f_/-  
,con/ruction ( ,gasworks4 ,s4 ,,hughes  
,h4 ,o',,connor            #f_/-        
,well-,s9k+4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,sw9dell  ,g4 ,r4 
,,burnell                 #b_/-         
,dra9age4 ,g4 ,d4 ,,dempsey  ,d4 ,k4    
,,cl>k                        #d_/f     
,bla/+ & ,qu>ry+4 ,j4 ,,burgoyne        
#a_/f ,f\ndations & ,concrete ,"w4 ,e4  
,,dobson                     #a_/f      
,pneumatics4 ,c4 ,,toml9son             
#a_/f ,survey+4 ,t4 ,,bak]  ,f4 ,e4     
,,dixon                            #b_/-
   ,,me*anical ,,eng9e]+1 c4  ,eng9e]+  

,draw+4 ,j4 ,,maxton                    
#c_/f ,fuels1 ,analysis & ,valuation4   
,h4 ,j4 ,,phillips                #b_/- 
,fuel4 ,c4 ,w4 ,,williams  ,d4 ,k4      
,,cl>k                           #c_/f  
,boil]mak]'s ,assi/ant4 ,j4 ,,c\rtney   
#b_/- ,boil]mak]'s ,ready ,reckon]4 ,j4 
,,c\rtney                    #d_/-      
,boil]mak]'s ,ready ,reckon] & ,assi/ant
                   #g_/- ,/eam ,boil]s4 
,r4 ,,arm/rong                          
#a_/f ,/eam & ,ma*9]y ,managem5t4 ,m4   
,p4 ,,bale                   #b_/f ,/eam
 & ! ,/eam ,eng9e4 ,d4 ,k4 ,,cl>k       
#c_/f ,/eam ,eng9e1 ,!ory (4 ,t4 ,,bak] 
#a_/f ,/eam ,eng9e4 ,dr4 ,,l>dn]        
#a_/f ,locomotive ,eng9es4 ,g4 ,d4      
,,dempsey  ,d4 ,k4 ,,cl>k               
#c_/- ,locomotive ,eng9e ,driv+4 ,m4    
,,reynolds                       #c_/f  
,/ation>y ,eng9e ,driv+4 ,m4 ,,reynolds 
#c_/f ,model ,locomotive ,eng9e]4 ,m4   
,,reynolds                       #c_/f  
,mod]n ,work%op ,practice4 ,j4 ,g4      
,,w9ton                       #c_/f     

,me*anical ,eng9e]+4 ,f4 ,,camp9        
#b_/f ,details ( ,ma*9]y4 ,f4 ,,camp9   
#c_/- ,elem5t>y ,m>9e ,eng9e]+4 ,j4 ,s4 
,,brew]                  #a_/f ,p[] (   
,wat]4 ,j4 ,,glynn                      
#b_/- ,me*anism & ,ma*9es4 ,t4 ,,bak]   
,j4 ,,nasmy?                #b_/f       
,me*anics4 ,c4 ,,toml9son               
#a_/f ,cranes & ,ma*9]y4 ,j4 ,,glynn    
#a_/f ,smi?y & ,=ge4 ,w4 ,j4 ,e4 ,,crane
                             #b_/f      
,%eet-,metal ,work]'s ,guide4 ,w4 ,j4   
,e4 ,,crane                   #a_/f     
,elem5t>y ,electric ,light+4 ,a4 ,a4 ,c4
 ,,sw9ton               #a_/f   ,,m9+   
,,metallurgy4  ,m9+ ,calculations4 ,t4  
,a4 ,o',,donahue                        
#c_/f ,m9]alogy4 ,a4 ,,ramsay           
#c_/f ,coal ,m9+4 ,sir ,w4 ,w4 ,,smy?   
,t4 ,f4 ,,br[n                   #c_/f  
,metallurgy ( ,iron4 ,h4 ,,bau]man      
#e_/- ,m9]al ,surveyor's ,guide4 ,w4    
,,l9t]n                         #c_/f   
,slate & ,slate ,qu>ry+4 ,d4 ,c4        
,,davies                      #c_/- ,m9+

 & ,qu>ry+4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,coll9s            
#a_/f ,subt]rane\s ,survey+4 ,t4        
,,f5wick  ,t4 ,,bak]               #b_/f
 ,m9+ ,tools4 ,w4 ,,morgans             
#b_/f ,plates to ditto4 #dto            
#d_/f ,physical ,geology4 ,,portlock    
,,tate                            #b_/- 
,hi/orical ,geology4 ,r4 ,,tate         
#b_/f     ,! above #b vols41 b\nd       
toge!r4                       #d_/f     
,electro-,metallurgy4 ,a4 ,,watt        
#c_/f   ,,navigation1 ,,%ipbuild+1 c4   
,navigation4 ,j4 ,,gre5wood  ,w4 ,h4    
,,ross]                      #b_/f      
,practical ,navigation4 ,,gre5wood1     
,,ross]  ,,law                #g_/-     
,navigation & ,nautical ,a/ronomy4 ,j4  
,r4 ,,"y               #b_/f ,ma!matical
  ,nautical ,tables4 ,,law  ,,"y        
#d_/- ,ma/+ & ,rigg+4 ,r4 ,,kipp+       
#b_/- ,sails & ,sailmak+4 ,r4 ,,kipp+   
#b_/f ,m>9e ,eng9es4 ,r4 ,,murray  ,g4  
,,c>lisle                      #d_/f    
,naval ,ar*itecture4 ,j4 ,,peake        
#c_/f ,%ips1 ,con/ruction (4 ,h4 ,a4    

,,somm]feldt                    #a_/f   
,plates to ditto4 #dto                  
#g_/f ,%ips & ,boats4 ,w4 ,,bl&         
#a_/f   ,,agriculture  ,,g>d5+4         
,f]tilis]s  ,fe$+ ,/uffs4 ,,dr4 ,b4     
,,dy]             net  #a_/- ,dra9+ &   
,embank+4 ,,pr(4 ,j4 ,,scott            
#a_/f ,irrigation & ,wat] ,supply4      
,,pr(4 ,j4 ,,scott                      
#a_/f ,f>m ,roads1 ,f5ces1 & ,gates4    
,,pr(4 ,j4 ,,scott                #a_/f 
,f>m ,build+s4 ,,pr(4 ,j4 ,,scott       
#b_/- ,b>n ,implem5ts & ,ma*9es4 ,,pr(4 
,j4 ,,scott                 #b_/- ,field
 ,implem5ts & ,ma*9es4 ,,pr(4 ,j4       
,,scott                #b_/-            
,agricultural ,survey+4 ,,pr(4 ,j4      
,,scott                       #a_/f     
,! above #g vols41 b\nd toge!r          
#ab_/- ,f>m ,managem5t4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,burn  
#b_/f ,l&$ ,e/ates ,managem5t4 ,r4 ,s4  
,,burn                        #b_/f     
,f>m+--,soils1 ,manures1 & ,crops4 ,r4  
,s4 ,,burn               #b_/-          
,f>m+--,outl9es--,f>m+ ,economy4 ,r4 ,s4

 ,,burn               #c_/-             
,f>m+--,cattle1 ,%eep1 & ,horses4 ,r4   
,s4 ,,burn               #b_/f          
,f>m+--,dairy1 ,pigs1 & ,p\ltry4 ,r4 ,s4
 ,,burn                #b_/-            
,f>m+--,sewage  ,irrigation4 ,r4 ,s4    
,,burn                     #b_/f     ,! 
above #e vols41 b\nd toge!r             
#ab_/- ,book-keep+ = ,f>m]s4 ,j4 ,m4    
,,woodman                      #b_/f    
,ready ,reckon] = ,l&4 ,a4 ,,arman      
#b_/- ,mill]'s  ,f>m]'s ,ready ,reckon] 
#b_/- ,hay & ,/raw ,measur]4 ,j4 ,,/eele
                            #b_/- ,meat 
,production4 ,j4 ,,ew>t                 
#b_/f ,! ,%eep4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,spoon]        
#c_/f ,multum-9-,p>vo ,g>d5+4 ,s4 ,,wood
                           #a_/- ,=c+   
,g>d54 ,s4 ,,wood                       
#c_/f ,m>ket & ,kit*5 ,g>d5+4 ,c4 ,w4   
,,%aw                     #c_/- ,kit*5  
,g>d5+4 ,g4 ,m4 ,f4 ,,gl5ny             
#a_/f ,cottage ,g>d5+4 ,e4 ,,hobday     
#a_/f ,g>d5 ,receipts4 ,c4 ,w4 ,,qu9    
#a_/f ,potatoes3 ,h[ to ,gr[4 ,j4 ,,p9k 

#b_/- ,culture ( ,fruit ,trees4 ,m4 ,,du
 ,,breuil                         #c_/f 
,tree ,plant]  ,plant ,propagator4 ,s4  
,,wood                     #b_/- ,tree  
,prun]4 ,s4 ,,wood                      
#a_/f ,tree ,plant]1 ,propagator1       
,prun]4 ,s4 ,,wood                      
#c_/f ,graft+ & ,budd+4 ,c4 ,,baltet    
#b_/f ,bees = ,pleasure  ,pr(it4 ,g4 ,g4
 ,,samson              net  #a_/-       
,,crosby ,,lockwood  ,,son1 #g1         
,/ation]s' ,hall ,c\rt1 ,e4,c4          
,transcrib]'s notes3 page  #ad4  add    
p]iod aft] ! above processes  #bi4  v>n%
 correct$ to v>ni%  #ca4  f correct$    
#cb4  clos+ quote add$ aft] ,poli%  #dd4
  poli% aud spirits *ang$ to &  #ic4    
add$ p>5s close aft] f9i%  #ie4  e>!rn  
correct$ to e>!n  #ig4  boil$-l9se$ oil 
correct$ to boil$ l9se$-oil #ajd4  p]iod
 aft] co>sely #aad4  campea*iaum        
correct$ to campea*ianum #acj4  publi%$ 
net add$ "r bracket #aca4  net add$ "r  
bracket #aca4  ,,( ,,metals add$ p]iod  
#acd4  add$ "r bracket  #ace4  ,mat]ial 

add$ "r bracket ,uses ( #acg4           
,ref9+--,p[] ,consumption add$ da%es    
#ach4  add$  9 #c places