file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #agijc-;h4htm or #agijc-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/g_ /i_/j_/agijc_/agijc-;h_/#agijc-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/g_ /i_/j_/agijc_/agijc-;h4zip7 ,,writ+ ,,! ,,photoplay by ,j4 ,,b]g ,,es5we9 ,editor ( ,! ,writ]'s ,mon?ly & ,,ar?ur ,,le$s ,late ,editor ( ,scripts1 ,edison ,/udio ,! ,writ]'s ,libr>y ,edit$ by ,j4 ,b]g ,es5we9 ,revis$ ,edition ,! ,home ,correspond5ce ,s*ool ,spr+field1 ,mass4 ,publi%]s ,copyright #aiac ,copyright #aiai ,! ,home ,correspond5ce ,s*ool ,all ,rights ,res]v$ ,illu/ration3 ,! ,lasky ,/udio ( ! ,fam\s ,play]s-,lasky ,corporation1 ,hollywood1 ,cali=nia ,table ( ,cont5ts ,page ,,*apt] ,i--,,:at ,,is ,a ,,photoplay8 #a ,,*apt] ,,ii--,,:o ,,c ,,write ,,photoplays8 #e ,,*apt] ,,iii--,,photoplay ,,t]ms #ag ,,*apt] ,,iv--,,! ,,photoplay ,,script3 ,,its ,,compon5t ,,p>ts #bi ,,*apt] ,v--,a ,,sample ,,photoplay ,,=m #cd ,,*apt] ,,vi--,,! ,,me*anical ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,script #ee ,,*apt] ,,vii--,,! ,,title #gb ,,*apt] ,,viii--,,! ,,synopsis ,,( ,,! ,,plot #hg ,,*apt] ,,ix--,,! ,,ca/ ,,( ,,*>act]s #aaa ,,*apt] ,x--,,! ,,sc5>io ,,or ,,cont9uity #aca ,,*apt] ,,xi--,,! ,,sc5e-,,plot ,,& ,,its ,,purpose #bjd ,,*apt] ,,xii--,,! ,,use ,,& ,,abuse ,,( ,,lead]s1 ,,lett]s ,,& ,,o!r ,,ins]ts #bah ,,*apt] ,,xiii--,,! ,,photoplay ,,/age ,,& ,,its ,,physical ,,limitations #bde ,,*apt] ,,xiv--,,h[ ,,to ,,ga!r ,,ideas ,,= ,,plots #bee ,,*apt] ,,xv--,,:at ,,y ,,_c ,,write #bfg ,,*apt] ,,xvi--,,:at ,,y ,,%\ld ,,n ,,write #bhb ,,*apt] ,,xvii--,,:at ,,y ,,%\ld ,,write #cjd ,,*apt] ,,xviii--,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,com$y #cbd ,,*apt] ,,xix--,,gett+ ,,! ,,new ,,twi/ #cdg ,,*apt] ,,xx--,,complete ,,five-,,reel ,,photoplay ,,script--,,ev]ybody',s ,,girl #cfc ,,*apt] ,,xxi--,,m>ket+ ,,! ,,photoplay ,,script #djh ,,app5dix ,a #daf ,,app5dix ,b #dag ,,g5]al ,,index #dah ,li/ ( ,illu/rations ,! ,lasky ,/udio ( ! ,fam\s ,play]s-,lasky ,corporation1 ,hollywood1 ,cali=nia ,frontispiece ,page ,produc+ a ,big ,sc5e 9 ! ,selig ,y>d ,film-,dry+ ,room 9 a ,film ,factory #h ,essanay ,produc+ ,y>d2 ,two ,int]ior ,sets ,be+ ,arrang$ = a ,hi/orical ,drama ,play]s ,wait+ = _! ,cues 9 ! ,glass-,enclos$ ,selig ,/udio #eh ,pa9t ,frame on ,:i* ,sc5]y is ,pa9t$ ,*eck+ ,extras ,us$ 9 ,rex ,bea*'s ,photodrama1 ,! ,br& #ajh ,view ( ,/age1 ,lub9 ,/udio1 ,los ,angeles1 ,cali=nia ,w>drobe ,room 9 a ,photoplay ,/udio #aeh ,! ,reception ( ,k+ ,rob]t ( ,sicily by ,8 ,bro!r1 ! ,pope ,same ,set1 ) ,play]s ,gett+ ,ready = ,action #bjh ,william ,s4 ,h>t ) ,"p ( ,8 ,support+ ,company ,h>ry ,beaumont ,direct+ ,fight ,sc5e 9 ,a ,man & ,8 ,money #beh ,arrangem5t ( ,electric ,lights 9 a ,photoplay ,/udio ,an ,actor's ,dress+ ,room 9 ! ,selig ,/udio #cjh ,prep>+ to ,take ,?ree ,sc5es at ,once 9 a ,daylight ,/udio #ceh ,,*apt] ,i ,,:at ,,is ,a ,,photoplay8 ,z its title indicates1 ?is book aims to tea* ! !ory & practice ( photoplay con/ruction4 ,?is we %all attempt by fir/ po9t+ out its compon5t p>ts1 & !n %[+ h[ ^! p>ts are bo? con/ruct$ & assembl$ s z to =m a /rong1 well-built1 attractive & salable manuscript4 ,! ,photoplay ,def9$ & ,diff]5tiat$ ,a photoplay is a /ory told l>gely 9 pantomime by play]s1 ^: words are sugge/$ by _! actions1 assi/$ by c]ta9 descriptive words ?r[n on ! scre51 & ! :ole produc$ by a mov+-picture ma*9e4 ,x %\ld be no m necess>y to say t n all mov+-picture productions are photoplays ?an t n all prose is fiction1 yet ! di/9ction mu/ be emphasiz$4 ,a photoplay is to ! program ( a mov+-picture !atre j :at a %ort-/ory is to ! cont5ts ( a popul> magaz9e--x supplies ! /ory-tell+ or drama elem5t4 ,a few ye>s ago ! manag]s ( c]ta9 !atres us$ s to arrange _! programs t = f\r or five days out ( e week ! pictures !y %[$ w\ld consi/ entirely ( photoplays4 ,on su* days _! programs correspond$ exactly to ! cont5ts-page ( an all-fiction magaz9e--be+ made up solely to provide ent]ta9m5t4 ,! all-fiction magaz9e conta9s no essays1 critical pap]s1 or special articles1 = ! in/ruction ( ! read]1 beyond ! in=mation & in/ruction convey$ to him :ile int]e/$ly p]us+ ! /ories4 ,j s1 ! all-photoplay program 9 a picture !atre1 at ! "t ( :i* we speak1 0 "o made up entirely ( ei!r dramatic#a or com$y subjects4 ,films classifi$ z sc5ic1 educational1 vocational1 indu/rial1 sport+1 & topical1 7 n includ$ 9 su* a program4 ,footnote #a3 ,! photoplay has come to h a language ( its own1 :i* we mu/ obs]ve ev5 :51 z 9 ?is case1 we lose some:at 9 f9] ^w-values4 ,9 _! li/s ( releases 7photoplays releas$ or made available = public pres5tation at a specifi$ date71 manufactur]s usually classify z com$y subjects all photoplays :i* are )\t any s]i\s dramatic mom5ts or situations4 ,?us1 9 ! li/s ( releases publi%$ 9 ! v>i\s trade j\rnals1 :at are obvi\sly com$y-dramas--"s ( !m1 su* z c]ta9 ( ! ,d\glas ,fairbanks productions1 ev5 bord]+ on f>ce--are class$ z dramatic subjects1 & ?is1 app>5tly1 because !y are /rongly dramatic 9 c]ta9 sc5es4 ,?us1 aga91 g5u9e f>ce 7z di/+ui%$ f slap-/ick com$y71 social com$y1 burlesque & extravaganza are all class$ "u ! head ( com$y1 j z com$y-drama1 trag$y1 melodrama1 & hi/orical plays are class$ z dramatic4 ,^! two broad classifications w be us$ ?r\gh\t ?is "w except :]e f9] di/9ctions are ne$$ 9 ord] to treat v>ieties ( subjects4 ,! regul> spok5 play naturally invites ^! di/9ctions m ?an does ! photoplay1 at lea/ at pres5t4 ,9 prep>+ y\r manuscript1 h[ev]1 y w be taught to foll[ ! accept$ =m among photoplaywrights &1 9 writ+ ! synopsis1 aft] ! title1 specify ! class ( subject1 z dramatic photoplay1 f>ce1 com$y-drama1 hi/orical drama1 society drama1 etc4 ,true1 a g5u9e photoplay may conta9 sc5es & incid5ts :i* w\ld almo/ seem to ju/ify its be+ includ$ 9 "o ( ! =ego+ classes4 ,"o might ask1 = in/ance1 :y ,selig's film1 ,on ! ,trail ( ! ,g]ms1 produc$ ab\t five ye>s ago1 0 classifi$ z educational1 :ile ,edison's ,! ,r$ ,cross ,seal & ,! ,awak5+ ( ,john ,bond 7bo? ( :i* 7 produc$ at ! in/ance ( ! ,national ,association = ! ,/udy & ,prev5tion ( ,tub]culosis1 & _h to d ) ! fight wag$ by t society aga9/ ! disease 9 ! cities71 7 li/$ z dramatic films or photoplays4 ,anyone :o saw all ?ree ( ! films1 h[ev]1 w\ld recognize t ! ,selig picture1 :ile 9 e respect a subject ( great human int]e/1 0 /rictly educational1 & employ$ ! ?read ( a /ory n z a dramatic ent]ta9m5t1 b m]ely to furni% a connect+ l9k = ! sc5es :i* illu/rat$ ! me?ods ( cur+ ! disease aft] a pati5t is discov]$ to be infect$4 ,! ,edison pictures1 on ! o!r h&1 7 real dramas1 ) well-con/ruct$ plots & abundant dramatic int]e/1 ev5 :ile1 z ! adv]tis+ 9 ! trade pap]s ann\nc$1 ! pr9cipal object ( ! pictures 0 to dissem9ate in=mation z to :at becomes ( ! money t is receiv$ f ! sale ( ,r$ ,cross /amps at holiday "t4 ,s we see t ! di/9ction lies 9 ! am\nt ( plot or /ory-?read :i* ea* c>ries1 & t a m]e s]ies ( connect$ pictures )\t a plot runn+ ?r\gh x obvi\sly _c be call$ a photoplay any m ?an a s]ies ( tableaus on ! /age c\ld be accurately call$ a play4 ,!re=e1 le>n to ?9k ( a photoplay z be+ a /ory prep>$ = pantomimic developm5t be=e ! cam]a2 a /ory told 9 action1 ) ins]t$ descriptive matt] :]e ! ?\ght might be obscure )\t its help2 a /ory told 9 "o or m reels1 ea* reel conta9+ f tw5ty-five to fifty sc5es4 ,! spectator at a photoplay ent]ta9m5t mu/ be able promptly & easily to discov] :o y\r *>act]s are1 :at k9d ( p !y are1 :at !y plan to d1 h[ !y succe$ or fail1 &1 9 fact1 mu/ get ! :ole /ory entirely f :at he sees ! actors 9 ! picture d1 ) ! slight assi/ance ( a few explanatory lead]s1 or sub-titles1 &1 p]haps1 su* ins]ts z a lett]1 a newspap] cutt+1 a telegram1 or "s su* device1 fla%$ = a mom5t on ! scre54 ,! m p]fect ! photoplay1 ! less ! ne$ = all su* explanatory mat]ial1 z is ! case 9 p]fect pantomime4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is n to insi/ ^u ! utt] abs5ce ( all writt5 & pr9t$ mat]ial ?r[n on ! scre5--a "q :i* w be discuss$ 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,x is en\gh n[ to emphasize ?is important po9t3 ,dialogue & description are = ! fiction writ]2 ! photoplaywright dep5ds ^u 8 ability to ?9k & write 9 action1 = ! po/ures1 gr\p+1 ge/ures1 movem5ts & facial expressions ( ! *>act]s mu/ be %[n 9 action1 & n describ$ z 9 prose fiction4 ,action is ! mo/ important ^w 9 ! vocabul>y ( ! photoplaywright4 ,to be able to see 9 fancy 8 ?\ghts trans=m$ into action is to h ga9$ "o goal = :i* e photoplay writ] /rives4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,:o ,,c ,,write ,,photoplays8 ,9 almo/ ev]y?+ t has be5 writt5 up to ! pres5t "t conc]n+ ! te*nique ( photoplay writ+1 consid]able /ress has be5 laid on ! /atem5t t1 not)/&+ prec$+ success 9 _! regul> field1 _m au?ors ( popul> fiction h ei!r fail$ altoge!r 9 ! production ( acceptable photoplays or h _h almo/ z _m rejections z1 if n m ?an1 ! av]age novice 9 %ort-/ory writ+4 ,t !re is mu* tru? 9 ?is _c be d5i$2 b t a tra9$ & inv5tive fiction writ]--p>ticul>ly a writ] ( plot- or action-/ories--aft] hav+ once le>n$ ! me*anics ( photoplay con/ruction1 %\ld fail ( success 9 photoplay writ+ is1 obvi\sly1 n at all necess>y4 ,a discussion ( ?is po9t %\ld help to impress on ! /ud5t j :at sort ( prep>ation w be ( ! greate/ assi/ance to him 9 ! "w he is tak+ up4 #a4 ,exp]i5ce 9 ,fiction ,writ+ ,valuable to ! ,photoplaywright ,let u consid] ! case ( a man born ) a tal5t & love = music4 ,z he gr[s up1 he le>ns to play ^u ! viol9--le>ns z hundr$s h done1 by fir/ tak+ up ! mo/ simple ex]cises & con/antly work+ up until he becomes m pr(ici5t4 ,z 9 all o!r occupations1 practice ev5tually br+s skill1 & he at la/ becomes a ma/] ( ! viol94 ,he may h be5 born a g5ius--x has always be5 9 him to become ! exceptional p]=m] ^u ! in/rum5t ( 8 *oice4 ,nev]!less1 ! h>d "w 0 necess>y1 z t mak] ( epigrams saw :5 he said t g5ius 0 an inf9ite capacity = tak+ pa9s4 ,to c>ry ! simple illu/ration a /ep fur!r3 g5iuses are few1 s x is c]ta9 t our arti/ has become a ma/] ( ! viol9 because he is a man :o1 lov+ 8 "w & putt+ 8 :ole s\l into x1 daily improv$ 9 te*nique & quality by intellig5t labor4 ,if he is a conc]t p]=m]1 he feels 8 art becom+ m p]fect ) ea* new recital4 ,he has le>n$ h[ to play1 & n[ !re rema9s no?+ b ! necessity = keep+ con/antly--note ! expressive phrase--9 practice1 & improv+ ! quality & /yle ( 8 play+4 ,let u suppose1 n[1 t ?is musical arti/ is (f]$ an exceptionally good sal>y to appe> 9 vaudeville ) ano!r musician1 :o p]=ms equally well ^u two or ?ree1 or ev5 m1 v diff]5t in/rum5ts4 ,he accepts ! (f]2 he & 8 p>tn] op5 9 ! act2 &1 aft] a week or two1 9 ord] to build up ! act z well z to become capable ( play+ ano!r k9d ( in/rum5t1 he decides to take up ! /udy ( ! cornet4 ,! viol9 & cornet are1 ( c\rse1 widely diff]5t 9 con/ruction1 & !y produce v diff]5t effects4 ,besides1 ! me?ods ( produc+ ^? effects are totally unlike1 s9ce "o is drawn f ! viol9 ) ! aid ( tra9$ h&s & f+]s1 :ile ! o!r is produc$ by ! skillful op]ation ( ! human lips1 tongue & lungs1 ) only m9or assi/ance f ! f+]s4 ,yet ! tones ( ^! two in/rum5ts may be equally h>moni\s & pleas+ :5 ea* is skillfully play$4 ,s1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ! viol9i/ becomes almo/1 if n q1 z accompli%$ a play] ^u ! cornet z he is ^u ! in/rum5t ^: /udy fir/ engross$ him4 ,& n[ a "q--"o :i* c]ta9ly %\ld n admit ( mu* diff]5ce ( op9ions 9 ! answ]+3 ,( two m51 bo? possess$ ( a natural tal5t & love = music1 :i* w\ld be likely fir/ to le>n to play ^u ! cornet correctly & ) pleas+ expression--! man :o _h previ\sly le>n$ ! te*nique ( viol9 play+1 toge!r ) ! mean+ & value ( musical t]ms1 or ! "o :o1 )\t any k ( music or ( h[ to p]=m1 %\ld sudd5ly det]m9e to le>n to play a giv5 in/rum5t8 #b4 ,photoplay ,writ+ ,requires a ,sep>ate ,tra9+ ,apply ! same reason+ to ! "q ( :o %\ld become ! mo/ successful photoplaywright--! tra9$ & exp]i5c$ fiction writ]1 or ! ord9>ily intellig5t & imag9ative foll[] ( "s o!r vocation1 :o is sudd5ly /ruck by ! idea t he c\ld1 & fill$ ) ! det]m9ation t he w1 write a photoplay4 ,we acc5tuate ! ^w become 9 ord] to emphasize ! fact t ev5 ! pr(essional writ] mu/ le>n ! te*nique ( photoplay con/ruction be=e he c hope to produce a script t w n only be accept$ by a film manufactur+ company = production1 b w be produc$ exactly z he has writt5 x1 )\t ! ne$ ( dra/ic revision or rewrit+4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is v r>e today4 ,?is la/ po9t is important4 ,:ile1 z we h said1 x is improbable t an exp]i5c$ fiction writ] w\ld fail 9 ! field ( photoplay writ+ once he _h le>n$ to put ! plot toge!r 9 prop] =m & _h ma/]$ a k ( ! limitations ( ! mov+-picture /age1 x is also j z unlikely t ! mo/ fam\s writ] liv+ c\ld legitimately sell a photoplay t 0 ess5tially faulty 9 con/ruction & absolutely lack+ 9 scre5 quality4 ,if ! idea 7 a good "o & ! writ] 7 to submit x to ! produc+ company "u 8 own "n1 ! *ance is t ! company w\ld accept x1 &1 aft] us+ 8 idea to con/ruct ! photoplay 9 prop] =m1 produce & ev5 feature x--on acc\nt ( ! big "n won 9 ! field ( fiction writ+4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he %\ld submit x "u a p5 "n x is possible t1 provid$ ! plot1 or ev5 ! fundam5tal idea1 prov$ to be exceptionally good1 he might be (f]$ a mod]ate sum = ! plot or = ! idea alone1 to be work$ up & produc$ z ! director ?\ght be/4 ,9 mak+ him ! (f]1 ! company w\ld probably expla9 q frankly t ! script 0 n suitably con/ruct$2 t x w\ld require rewrit+ 9 ! /udio2 b t ! idea 0 wor? ! am\nt (f]$4 ,"h1 !n1 is "o po9t ^u :i* ! novice may congratulate himself3 he1 z an untra9$ writ] ( photoplays1 is n alone 9 hav+ to le>n ! secret ( :at w suit ! scre51 = until ! fam\s au?or le>ns t secret1 he1 too1 is an untra9$ writ]--( photoplays1 & 8 prices w suff] accord+ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,produc+ a ,big ,sc5e 9 ! ,selig ,y>d4 ,see ,cam]as on ! ,"r ,illu/ration3 ,film-,dry+ ,room 9 a ,film ,factory4 ,! ,films are ,roll$ ,ar\nd ! ,racks :i* are ,susp5d$ f ! ,ceil+ & 9 ! ,h&s ( ! ,op]ators4 ,moi/ ,w>m ,air is ,introduc$ ?r\gh ! ,l>ge ,pipes ,n[1 h[ev]1 aft] bo? h acquir$ ?is k ( scre5 requirem5ts1 ! tra9$ fiction writ] & ! untra9$ photoplay writ] cease to be on common gr\nd4 ,! writ] ( novels & %ort-/ories has ! advantage ( ye>s (--tra9+1 is ! be/ ^w1 mean+1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 bo? exp]i5ce & special education4 ,he has a tutor$ imag9ation2 he has ! plot-habit2 he has an eye tra9$ to picture dramatic situations2 he sees ! possibilities = a /rong1 appeal+ /ory 9 an incid5t 9 ev]yday life t to n9ety-n9e o!r p w\ld be m]ely an incid5t se5 = a mom5t & 9 a mom5t =gott52 he has at 8 comm& a doz5 diff]5t ways ( assi/+ himself to discov] plot-g]ms = 8 /ories--he is1 9 %ort1 a workman kn[+ exactly :at to d ) ! tools already 9 8 possession1 & :5 he acquires new tools he c1 aft] "s practise1 use !m ) equal pr(ici5cy & skill4 ,fur!rmore1 !re c be no d\bt t1 once ea* has ma/]$ ! work+ rules ( photoplay con/ruction1 ! *ances = quick & cont9u$ success are q evid5tly 9 favor ( ! tra9$ fiction writ]--not)/&+ ! fact t "o man 9 a ?\s& )\t any previ\s k ( writ+ may become extremely successful4 #c4 ,:at ,*ance ,has ! ,novice8 ,%\ld ! =ego+ fact disc\rage ! novice :o has n _h ?is previ\s lit]>y tra9+8 ,! answ] is1 emphatically1 ,,yes6 ,x %\ld1 x ought to--unless 7& ?is is ! secret ( x all71 unless he has ideas1 & is ! k9d ( novice :o v[s ) e gra9 ( det]m9ation 9 8 make-up t he w soon cease to be a m]e amateur1 & w be recogniz$ z "o ( ! successful ones4 ,rememb]1 e writ] 0 once a beg9n]4 ,! read] may ?9k1 hav+ read ?is mu*1 t undue /ress is laid ^u ! "q ( ! previ\sly successful writ] & ! ambiti\s b inexp]i5c$ amateur2 x is ?is v insi/5ce on ! comp>ison1 h[ev]1 t %\ld cause ! e>ne/ & det]m9$ aspirant to photoplaywright success to analyze m ?or\ghly ! diff]5ce1 & pr(it by a k ( h[ he may quickly advance himself to ! position :]e ! previ\sly successful au?or w h little or no advantage ov] him4 ,almo/ all :o h _h any?+ to say ^u ! subject ( writ+ = mov+ pictures1 b especially ! writ]s ( ! adv]tis+ copy = mo/ ( ! correspond5ce s*ools t (f] fake c\rses ( in/ruction ^u ! subject1 h decl>$ t !re is no exp]i5ce or lit]>y k necess>y 9 ord] to become successful 9 ! photoplay-writ+ field4 ,"o conc]n ev5 adv]tises t ! /ud5t c le>n ?is bus9ess 9 f t5 to ?irty days4 ,if by ?is is meant t ! m]e correct =m ( putt+ ! "w on pap] ) ! aid ( ! typewrit]--! me*anical arrangem5t ( synopsis1 ca/1 & sc5>io or cont9uity--c be pick$ up 9 t _m days1 !re is h>dly room to dispute ! claim4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is n q le>n+ ! bus9ess4 ,no previ\s lit]>y tra9+ is necess>y1 if by t is meant ! ma/]y ( ,engli% prose writ+1 or ! actual te*nique ( %ort-/ory con/ruction or novel writ+4 ,we %all see1 h[ev]1 t ! photoplaywright :o wi%es to succe$ 9 m ?an "o1 two1 or ?ree fla%-9-!-pan in/ances mu/ really submit to a c\rse ( tra9+1 :e!r self-conduct$ or "u compet5t in/ruction1 & ! m he kn[s ( fictional & dramatic art ! easi] is 8 new "w likely to be4 ,nev]!less1 !re is a real s5se 9 :i* ! /atem5t t no lit]>y tra9+ is requir$ by ! /ud5t ( photoplay writ+ is true4 ,provid$ he is gift$ ) an imag9ative m9d & ! native ability to see h[ an idea or a plot-g]m w\ld evolve itself into a climact]ic & coh]5t /ory1 & provid$ he has ! dramatic s5se1 he c actually le>n ! rules ( con/ruction & produce salable photoplays ev5 if he has by no means ! lit]>y ability to write a salable %ort-/ory4 ,b he mu/ be a p]son ( ideas--no book & no in/ruction c supply t lack4 ,we h gone s f> z delib]ately to try to disc\rage anyone :o is s fooli% & s undes]v+ z to ent] ! field ( photoplay writ+ )\t ! fulle/ int5tion ( do+ 8 be/ to w9 = himself ! v highe/ position 9 t field to :i* 8 tal5t & ability to "w c advance him2 & we h no apologies to (f]4 ,few :o h n foll[$ ! progress ( ! mov+-picture indu/ry realize ! enorm\s *anges t h tak5 place 9 ! la/ f\r or five ye>s4 ,?is is especially true ( ! bran* ( ! bus9ess hav+ to d ) ! prep>ation ( ! script4 ,to ^? :o h be5 9 con/ant t\* ) ! "w1 x seems only ye/]day t ! pr(essional photoplay writ]1 outside ( ! produc+ plants1 0 an unkn[n factor4 ,at la/ came ! "t :5 ! manufactur]s />t$ to adv]tise = ideas on :i* to build _! plays4 ,t5 to "o-hundr$ doll>s paid = motion picture plays1 ^! adv]tisem5ts read4 ,!y 7 allur+ en\gh ev5 to ! man :o already _h a /eady position 9 ano!r l9e ( "w4 ,!y told him h[ he c\ld add f t5 to "o-hundr$ doll>s a mon? to 8 regul> income4 ,at lea/1 !y seem$ to promise t1 especially :5 c\pl$ ) ! assurance t no previ\s lit]>y tra9+ 0 requir$4 ,^! adv]tisem5ts look$ attractive1 also1 to ! man ^: income 0 n regul>4 ,small wond] t )9 a few mon?s' "t scores1 hundr$s1 ru%$ bl9dly into a field :]e ev5 writ]s ( e/abli%$ reputation w\ld h fail$--& did fail--)\t prelim9>y te*nical tra9+4 ,ev5 ^? :o succe$$ 9 gett+ _! ef=ts accept$ by ! produc]s f\nd t ! *eck 0 m likely to be = t5 doll>s ?an = any am\nt 9 excess ( t4 #d4 ,advance 9 ,requirem5ts ,! real *ange has come )9 ! pa/ t5 or twelve mon?s4 ,a sort ( we$+ process has be5 c>ri$ on by ! v>i\s manufactur]s1 & z a result !y recognize c]ta9 writ]s z be+ capable ( supply+ !m1 at m or less regul> int]vals1 ) ! k9d ( scripts !y want1 q z c]ta9 magaz9e editors h li/s ( /ory-writ]s to :om !y look = ! bulk ( _! fiction4 ,gradually ?is li/ ( tra9$ & capable1 & consequ5tly successful1 writ]s = ! scre5 is gr[+ l>g]1 = daily "s new writ] is demon/rat+ t ! fre%ness1 brightness1 & +5uity ( 8 ideas w>rant ! editor's putt+ him on ! li/ ( ^? f :om good mat]ial may be expect$4 #e4 ,! ,dem& = ,photoplays ,is !re n1 !re=e1 x may be ask$1 a probability ( ! field's becom+ ov]cr[d$8 ,h>dly4 ,! be/ pro( ( ! opportunity t is held out to ! capable outside writ]1 new or old1 is t ! /aff-writ]s1 ^: duty x %\ld be to make adaptations ( plays & novels & write ! sc5>io1 or cont9uity1 = /ories b\ght f free-lance writ]s 9 synopsis =m1 are kept pretty busy writ+ s-call$ orig9al /ories = c]ta9 />s1 or /ories t may be done 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! c\ntry at a p>ticul> season ( ! ye>4 ,if en\gh ?or\ghly good /ories c\ld be pur*as$ on ! outside1 /aff writ]s w\ld nev] be call$ ^u to write /ories to ord]2 only :at might be call$ inspir$ /ories w\ld be accept$ f !m4 ,fur!rmore1 if pl5ty ( good1 orig9al /ories1 writt5 directly = scre5 pres5tation1 c\ld be pur*as$ by ! editors1 ! practice ( mak+ scre5 adaptations ( popul> novels & /age plays w\ld be cut d[n by m ?an half4 ,suppose t ! /aff writ] sudd5ly gets ! 'fla%'--! inspiration ne$$ to write a ,we/]n /ory ) a plot t is inf9itely bigg] & m dramatic ?an any?+ t he has done 9 a great _m mon?s4 ,?9k+ x ov]1 he gradually becomes brimful ( ! !me & its plot-possibilities4 ,he wants to fe$ ! pap] into 8 tru/y typewrit] & />t p\nd+ out ! sc5>io be=e a s+le bit ( ! sudd5ly inspir$ plot c get away f him4 ,b he _c2 8 company does n make ,we/]n /ories2 nor does x p]mit its /aff writ]s to sell _! "w to o!r firms4 ,ev5 if x did1 he is f> too busy to give ! "t to ! writ+ ( a /ory n int5d$ = ! use ( 8 own p>ticul> /udio4 ,s ! inspir$ /ory has to be laid aside1 possibly to be work$ ^u "s "t 9 ! future1 :5 he has sev]$ 8 connection ) t company &1 by *oice or ( necessity1 become a free-lance writ] aga94 ,in/ead ( writ+ t /ory he sits d[n & writes ano!r society drama1 aft] cudgel+ 8 bra9 = "s "t 9 an ef=t to ?9k up a plot t is1 at lea/1 diff]5t en\gh f ! "o he wrote la/ week to insure its 'gett+ by' ! sc5>io editor1 ! director & '! boss4' ,& t is j ! po9t3 ,al?\gh _m ( ^! plots d 'get by' ! p[]s t be 7or ! /aff writ] w\ld n be hold+ 8 job71 ! photoplay-lov+ public kn[s only too well t !re is a lam5tably close relation%ip betwe5 ',a ,wall ,/reet ,romance1' %[n at ! ,novelty ,!atre la/ night1 & ',love & ,bus9ess1' produc$ by ! same company & 'featur$' at ! same !atre ?ree weeks ago4 ,!re=e ! con/ant dem& 9 n9e out ( e t5 /udios = good mat]ial f outside writ]s4 ,s9ce ! writ] ( photoplay plots mu/ write action-/ories con/antly1 & s9ce1 z has be5 said1 ! /aff writ]s are j z apt to run dry ( new plots z are any o!r writ]s1 x foll[s t !re mu/ be a m>ket at all times = ! really orig9al & highly int]e/+ /ory1 no matt] by :om writt54 ,if ! big photoplay produc+ companies are to rema9 9 bus9ess1 if _! v>i\s />s are to be kept work+1 & _! rate ( production up to s*$ule1 !re mu/ cont9ue to be a fairly /eady fl[ ( good1 new /ories into ! sc5>io dep>tm5t4#b ,footnote #b3 ,:at ,*ance ,has ! ',outside' ,writ]8 by ,ar?ur ,le$s1 ,mov+ ,picture ,/ories1 ,octob] #e1 #aiag4 ,no1 ! field is n ov]cr[d$--) capable writ]s2 nor is x likely to be4 ,) incapable amateurs x und\bt$ly is4 ,e walk ( life has contribut$ its %>e to ! ?\s&s :o are try+ to write photoplays4 ,hundr$s fail because !y are bo? illit]ate & totally unfitt$ = ! "w4 ,hundr$s m /ruggle on )\t a suffici5t k ( dramatic values & plot build+1 n kn[+ precisely :at c & :at c n be pres5t$ successfully 9 ! sil5t drama4 ,lack+ ?is k1 x is impossible to succe$4 ,b ! great majority ( ! ones :o fail1 & :o1 o!rwise1 w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly h succe$$ soon] or lat]1 owe _! failure to _! inability to hit ^u & develop orig9al1 +5i\s & dramatic or truly humor\s plots & plot-situations4 ,_m a man ( bra9s & ( excell5t education :o 9 any o!r call+ might easily make 8 m>k1 f9ds himself totally unable to w9 success 9 %ort-/ory writ+ & photoplay writ+ simply because1 n hav+ an imag9ative or 79 ! lit]>y s5se7 creative m9d1 he neglects ! ?\s&-&-"o opportunities to /ock t unimag9ative m9d ) ideas furni%$ :olesale by ! life he sees ab\t him e day1 or by available books ( ref]5ce1 magaz9es & daily pap]s2 &1 la/1 b f> f lea/ 9 importance1 ! pictur$ /ories se5 on ! scre54 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,photoplay ,,t]ms ,s9ce x is ! purpose ( ?is volume to place 9 y\r h&s e tool ( ! trade & e bit ( in=mation t may possibly be ( assi/ance 9 w9n+ ! favor ( bo? ! manuscript editor & ! director1 we mu/ n[ give ! mean+ ( ! te*nical t]ms us$ 9 photoplay "w4 ,aft] ?or\ghly famili>iz+ y\rself ) ^! expressions & :at !y mean1 y w /ill h to be> 9 m9d ! limitations ( ! photoplay /age 7see ,*apt] ,,xiii74 ,a lack ( k ( ! latt] is directly responsible = m reject$ scripts ?an almo/ any o!r "o defect4 ,d n write bl9dly4 ,d n take a *ance ( gett+ y\r mat]ial into prop] %ape4 ,ma/] ! little details ( ! "w1 & ?us give y\rself ! *ance to compete on ev5 t]ms ) ^? :o successfully write ! pictur$ drama4 ,x is important to note t ea* t]m giv5 is def9$ 9 its relation to ! photoplay1 & n accord+ to its usual or diction>y mean+4 ,all t]ms are expla9$ 9 detail z ! book progresses4 7,see ,table ( ,cont5ts47 ,,bu/3 ,a v close view ( "s object necess>y to ! und]/&+ ( ! picture2 z1 a wat*1 a m9iature1 a jewel4 ,a bu/ picture is usually tak5 be=e "s d>k backgr\nd1 & does n embody any specific action1 b m]ely gives a close view ( ! important object4 ,,cam]a3 ,! device ) :i* ! pictures are tak54 ,! op]ator ( ! cam]a is call$1 9 mov+-picture "w1 ! cam]aman4 ,he is1 ( c\rse1 an exp]t photograph]2 &1 ?\gh cam]a z us$ "h means ! mov+-picture cam]a1 !re is always on h& a regul> plate-cam]a = ord9>y exposures4 ,?is is frequ5tly us$ = tak+ /ills1 or photographs ( c]ta9 /rik+ situations 9 ! sc5es1 f :i* are made half-tone cuts = ! magaz9es & trade-pap] illu/rations1 & us$ 9 design+ ! l>ge & small li?ograph$ po/]s us$ by ! exhibitors4 ,,cam]aman3 ,see ,cam]a4 ,,ca/3 ,! *>act]s tak+ individual1 & n m]ely mass1 p>ts 9 a photoplay4 ,,ca/ ,,( ,,*>act]s3 ,! li/ ( *>act]s prep>$ z a "p ( ! photoplay script = ! use ( ! director or produc]4 ,x is cu/om>y to make ?is ca/ ( *>act]s full en\gh to outl9e ecc5tricities & individualities ( "*1 toge!r ) brief sugge/ions = co/ume4 ,,close ,,up3 ,! enl>g$ portion ( a sc5e1 introduc$ at a po9t 9 ! action :]e x is necess>y to %[ "s action or facial expression t w\ld p]haps n be und]/&able at ! regul> range us$ = ! ma9 portion ( t sc5e4 ,x is employ$1 z is ! bu/1 to enl>ge figures on ! scre54 ,l ! bu/1 x is also designat$ by its own numb] 9 ! cont9uity ( sc5es ( a photoplay script4 ,,cont9uity3 ,see ,sc5>io4 ,,cut-,,back3 ,a return to a previ\sly %[n sc5e s z to keep ! ?read ( ! action cle>4 ,,cut-,,91 ,,or ,,cut-,,9 ,,lead]3 ,a sub-title :i* cuts into or breaks ! action ( a sc5e in/ead ( appe>+ be=e ! sc5e op5s4 ,cut-ins are !re=e ! sub-titles giv+ ! words spok5 by "o or m ( ! *>act]s 9 a sc5e4 ,!y con/itute ! dialogue ( ! photoplay4 ,,cutt+3 ,x happ5s n infrequ5tly t f #e1ejj to #g1jjj feet 7or ev5 m1 if ! director is incl9$ to be wa/eful7 ( negative film is expos$1 or us$ up1 9 tak+ ! sc5es int5d$ = a five-"p 7#e1jjj-;foot7 feature4 ,9 e case1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( film 9 excess ( :at is actually ne$$ is inevitably expos$ 9 ! photograph+ ( ! complete picture4 ,9 ! cutt+ room ( ! /udio ! director assembles 8 picture--pieces toge!r ! diff]5t sc5es1 sub-titles1 & ins]ts1 & cuts portions v>y+ f a few in*es to _m feet 9 l5g? :5 su* portions1 if reta9$1 w\ld be reg>d$ z padd+1 or sup]flu\s footage4 ,,diaphragm3 ,a t]m apply+ to a portion ( ! cam]a app>atus1 & also appli$ to ! process ( caus+ "o sc5e to disappe>1 or ano!r to appe>4 ,l ! fade out & fade 91 ! diaphragm out & diaphragm 9 are descriptive t]ms1 b hav+ a diff]5t purpose4 ,:ile ! fade out or ! fade 9 sep>ate two p>ts ( a sc5e1 & br+ 9 betwe5 !m ! ?+ ?\ght ( or spok5 (1 ! diaphragm out & ! diaphragm 9 7bo? usually plac$ 9 ! script on a sep>ate l9e7 s]ve ! purpose ( cov]+ a suppos$ lapse ( "t 9 ! action1 :]e a lead] is n ne$$4 7,m fully expla9$ 9 text47 ,,director3 ,sometimes call$ ! ,produc]4 ,! man :o plans & directs ! build+ & sett+ ( all sc5es 9 ! production ( ! picture1 z well z ca/+ ! actors & actresses = ! v>i\s p>ts1 po9t+ out1 9 a g5]al way1 :at co/um+ & make-up are requir$1 & direct+ _! act+ & /age bus9ess dur+ ! tak+ ( sc5es4 ,produc] m prop]ly is ! t]m appli$ to ! manufactur] or manufactur+ company4 ,,do+ ,a ,,picture3 ,to d a picture is to produce x 9 film =m4 ,to say t a picture has be5 done 9 five reels is simply to /ate t ! production has requir$ approximately five ?\s& feet ( film4 ,,d\ble ,,exposure3 ,same z sup]-imposure4 ,! practice ( expos+ ! same negative film twice1 us$ ext5sively 9 produc+ vision effects1 gho/s1 etc41 z well z 9 photograph+ sc5es :]e "o ( ! play]s is ca/ 9 a d\ble role1 z ( tw9 si/]s or bro!rs1 z is m fully expla9$ 9 ! text4 ,,editor3 ,! p]son :o receives1 exam9es1 & passes on y\r photoplay4 ,he decides z to ! m]its ( y\r /ory1 aft] :i*1 if he accepts x1 x is turn$ ov] by him to ! director4 ,,episode3 ,see ,s]ial4 ,,extras1 ,,or ,,extra ,,p3 ,sup]num]>ies1 ei!r male or female1 :o dress or fill 9 c]ta9 sc5es1 or :o may ev5 be giv5 small p>ts1 or bits4 ,extras are frequ5tly us$ z soldi]s1 c[boys1 p$e/rians1 saloon l\ng]s1 gue/s at a ball1 or 9 o!r simil> capacities4 ,,fade ,,93 ,:5 ! scre5 is d>k1 & a picture comes up gradually until x is cle>1 ?is is call$ a fade 94 ,,fade ,,out3 ,:5 ! opposite f ! fade 9 occurs1 ! sc5e dy+ away until ! scre5 is blank1 ?is opposite t]m is us$4 ,^! two t]ms are employ$ 9 ! photoplay manuscript = ! purpose ( indicat+ t "s "* is ?9k+ (1 or tell+ ano!r ab\t1 some?+ t has already happ5$1 or t is prophetically expect$ to happ54 ,! "* is se5 ?9k+1 or talk+1 !n !re comes a fade out1 & !n a fade 91 & ! sc5e t comes up is :at he tells ( or is ?9k+ ab\t4 ,?is aga9 fades out1 & ! fade 9 br+s back ! orig9al sc5e ) ! "* ?9k+ or talk+2 b ea* ( ! ?ree sc5es us$ has its own consecutive sc5e-numb] 9 ! manuscript4 ,! fade out may also be us$ to end a sc5e1 or be us$ at ! close ( ! photoplay4 ,,feature3 ,see ,reel4 ,,film3 ,! /rip ( transluc5t mat]ial1 resembl+ celluloid1 ^u :i* ! sc5e is record$2 a s]ies ( pictures "o in* wide & ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 height1 tak5 at ! rate ( approximately sixte5 a second1 & sixte5 pictures to "o foot ( film4 ,^! small pictures are te*nically t]m$ frames4 ,,footage3 ,! am\nt ( film consum$ 9 ! mak+ ( an individual sc5e1 ins]t1 or ! entire picture4 ,,frame3 ,see ,film4 ,,idea3 ,an incid5t1 or a situation1 t sugge/s a plot2 9 o!r words1 ! plot g]m4 ,,ins]t3 ,any?+ introduc$ into ! film to aid 9 tell+ ! /ory or to expla9 a po9t ( ! plot4 ,lead]s are also ins]ts2 b1 z g5]ally us$1 ins]ts ref]s to lett]s1 telegrams1 newspap] p>agraphs or p]sonals1 or any matt] o!r ?an cut-ins1 or dialogue1 ins]t$ into ! film dur+ ! progress ( a sc5e1 ?us becom+ practically a "p ( t sc5e4 ,,int]pose3 ,a t]m us$ to indicate ! process by :i* a sc5e m]ges into ! next1 "o dy+ z ! o!r comes up1 s t !re is no blank scre5 betwe5 !m1 z 9 ! case ( ! fade out & fade 94 ,z 9 ! dissolv+ views ( a /]eopticon1 ! sc5es m]ge "o into ! o!r4 ,?is device is us$ = ! same purpose z ! fade out & fade 91 b1 be+ m difficult to accompli%1 f ! cam]a /&po9t1 is us$ only r>ely4 ,,lead]3 ,a sub-title us$ be=e a sc5e to assi/ ! spectator 9 gett+ a cle> idea ( :at ! picture is to portray4 ,,location3 ,:5 ! sett+ = an action is out ( doors1 & takes advantage ( "s natural environm5t1 su* z ! front ( a h\se1 a b>n1 or a lane1 or a lake1 x is call$ a location4 ,s1 :ile any environm5t = action is broadly a sett+1 "o usually ref]s to an int]ior sett+ z a set & an ext]ior sett+ z a location4 ,,multiple ,,reel3 ,see ,reel4 ,,negative3 ,! orig9al emulsat$ film us$ 9 ! cam]a :5 ! actions ( ! p>ticipants 9 ! photoplay are record$4 ,,plot3 ,! orig9al idea work$ into a compact numb] ( sc5es & individual situations1 all ( :i* 9 a s]ies c>ry out ! g5]al idea4 ,sometimes ?is plot is ref]r$ to z ! skeleton ( ! photoplay4 ,9 its simple/1 broade/ aspect1 plot is ! s*eme1 plan1 argum5t or action ( ! /ory4#c ,h5ry ,alb]t ,phillips calls x ! 'work+ plan' us$ by ! build+ au?or4#d ,footnote #c3 ,j4 ,b]g ,es5we91 ,writ+ ! ,%ort-,/ory4 ,footnote #d3 ,! ,plot ( ! ,%ort-,/ory4 ,see also our lat] discussion ( ! nature ( ,plot4 ,,positives3 ,! copies pr9t$ f ! negative4 ,^! positives be> ! same relation to ! negative z pr9ts d to a photographic plate4 ,,pr9ts3 ,! copies or positives4 ,! pr(it to ! manufactur] lies1 ( c\rse1 9 sell+ z _m pr9ts z possible to ! ex*ange manag]s ( ! _w4 ,,produc]3 ,see ,director4 ,,reel3 ,a full reel ( film conta9s1 approximately1 "o ?\s& feet4 ,sometimes two pictures ( five hundr$ feet ea*1 or ( diff]5t l5g?s1 may con/itute a full reel1 & x is !n t]m$ a split reel4 ,if a photoplay is produc$ 9 two or m reels1 x is put on ! m>ket z a two-reel or a ---- -reel subject & becomes a multiple-reel subject4 ,! t]m feature is usually appli$ to a picture ( five p>ts & upw>d4 ,:5 ref]r+ to a multiple-reel play1 photoplaywrights n[ favor ! use ( ! ^w "p in/ead ( reel & say two-"p1 or ?ree-"p /ory or play4 ,incid5tally1 x is well to use picture 9 place ( film z mu* z conv5i5t4 ,e>ne/ work]s 9 ! photoplay-writ+ pr(ession are anxi\s to elim9ate ! old atmosph]e ( *eapness4 ,,regi/]3 ,to regi/] an effect is to %[ x to ! spectators 9 a way :i* _c be mi/ak54 ,x is sometimes said t an effect1 a bit ( bus9ess1 or an emotion :i* an actor is endeavor+ to portray1 w n regi/]1 mean+ t x w n be und]/ood by ! audi5ce 9 ! way int5d$ by ! director4 ,v (t5 a light+ effect does n regi/] z x 0 ?\ght x w\ld4 ,aga91 an actor may wi% to regi/] disgu/ or hatr$1 & yet he may convey ! idea t he is portray+ only fe>4 ,! ^w cov]s v>i\s mean+s4 ,9 writ+ y\r /ory 9 action 79 ! sc5>io or cont9uity71 if a "* is hid+ beh9d a curta91 wat*+ an exhibition ( c[>dice 9 ano!r "*1 in/ead ( say+ ,tom %[s by 8 actions t he consid]s ,jack an arrant c[>d1 !reby us+ twelve words1 y may write1 ,tom regi/]s disgu/ at ,jack's c[>dice1 :i* uses only six words2 b d n use ?is te*nical t]m too frequ5tly 9 ?is mann]4 ,,release3 ,ea* produc+ company releases or places on ! m>ket a c]ta9 numb] ( films e mon?4 ,ea* ( ^! films1 !re=e1 is t]m$ a release4 ,! release date is ! day ^u :i* copies ( ! film are giv5 out to diff]5t exhibitors1 to be %[n to ! public = ! fir/ "t4 ,,sc5>io3 ,correctly appli$ only to t "p ( ! photoplay manuscript :i* describes ! developm5t ( ! plot1 sc5e by sc5e & situation by situation2 ! complete /ory is swiftly outl9$ 9 ! synopsis1 b 9 ! sc5>io x is told--t is1 work$ out--9 action4 ,! cont9uity ( action2 (t5 call$ ! cont9uity4 ,,sc5e3 ,a sc5e is s mu* ( ! action ( a photoplay z is tak5 9 "o place at "o "t )\t /opp+ ! cam]a4 ,! in/ant t !re is ne$ to /op ! cam]a1 to *ange gr\p+1 break ! progress ( ! action1 introduce or take away *>act]s1 or *ange co/umes1 t sc5e is t]m9at$1 & ) ! new />t a new sc5e is begun4 ,,sc5e-,,plot3 ,t "p ( ! photoplay script :i* li/s ! sc5es & %[s ! produc] at a glance exactly :at diff]5t sets are requir$ to /age ! picture1 & h[ _m diff]5t sc5es may be done 9 ea* sep>ate set4 ,,script3 ,! typewritt5 copy ( ! complet$ photoplay4 ,a complete script is compos$ ( ?ree p>ts3 ,synopsis1 ,ca/ ( ,*>act]s1 & ,sc5>io1 or ,cont9uity--& sometimes a f\r? "p1 call$ ! ,sc5e-,plot4 ,,s]ial3 ,a photoplay s]ial1 z ! "n implies1 is a film total+1 say1 #cj1jjj feet 9 l5g?1 & divid$ into fifte5 episodes1 ea* episode be+ made up ( two reels1 or p>ts--#b1jjj feet ( film4 ,! production cov]s "o long1 cont9u$ /ory1 ea* episode plann$ to end ) a ?rill+ climax1 ) a ,to be cont9u$ 9 our next1 s to speak1 tail-piece4 ,! climax comes only at ! end ( ea* episode 7z ! two p>ts releas$ ea* week1 tak5 9 conjunction1 are t]m$74 ,incid5tally1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t1 9 all up-to-date picture !atres1 two project+ ma*9es are employ$1 s t no break occurs 9 ! %[+ ( any picture4 ,= ?is reason1 feature subjects d n necess>ily h any special climax at ! end ( ea* reel1 &1 to repeat1 s]ial photoplays h ! gr&1 =w>d-look+ climax only at ! end ( ea* episode4 ,,set3 ,:5 a room1 hotel lobby1 or o!r int]ior sett+ is requir$1 x is usually built 9 ! /udio1 or 9 ! op5 air ne> by1 & is call$ a set4 ,,sett+3 ,! sett+ is ! sc5ic environm5t ( ! action4 ,:e!r indoors or out1 ! surr\nd+s1 prop]ties1 furniture1 build+s1 &1 9 %ort1 all t comes )9 ! view ( ! cam]a1 is ! sett+ = t p>ticul> sc5e4 ,,situation3 ,a /ate ( affairs 9 :i* c]ta9 *>act]s su/a9 su* relations to ea* o!r t an important *ange might & almo/ mu/ gr[ out ( ! relation%ip4 ,9 o!r words1 a situation is a /ate ( affairs full ( dramatic possibilities4 ,:5 a s+le "* is confront$ by ! necessity = an important decision1 :e!r ( morals or ( physical action1 we also h a situation4 ,,split ,,reel3 ,see ,reel4 ,,/age3 ,! actual photoplay /age is t space )9 ! range ( ! cam]a 9 :i* ! action ( t giv5 sc5e w be app>5t4 ,9 an int]ior sett+ x may be ! space betwe5 ! cam]a & ! walls ( ! set1 to ! full ext5t ( ! cam]a-range1 9 :i* radius a ho/ ( p may be us$2 or1 9 ! case ( action :]e int5se emotion mu/ be made cle>ly app>5t1 ! /age may be only a space beg9n+ at a po9t f six to elev5 feet f ! cam]a l5s1 & only z wide z ! radius ( ! cam]a-angle at t di/ance4 ,actually1 ! /age is a v>iable area1 )9 ! cam]a-range1 9 ! scope ( :i* ! requir$ action w be compreh5d$4 ,,/ock ,,p3 ,! regul> memb]s ( ! /ock company employ$ by ! manufactur]1 :o draw a /ipulat$ weekly sal>y1 ev5 ?\gh n act+ 9 a picture e work+ day4 ,,/udio3 ,t "p ( ! produc+ plant :]e ! pictures are tak54 ,9 its broade/ s5se1 /udio is (t5 us$ z mean+ ! entire manufactur+ plant2 b su* a plant conta9s1 besides ! /udio1 ! light+ plant1 c>p5t] %op1 sc5e dock1 prop]ty room1 develop+ room1 dry+ room1 jo9+ or assembl+ room1 w>drobe room1 pa9t bridge & sc5e-pa9t+ dep>tm5t1 dress+ rooms1 (fices1 etc4 ,,subject3 ,ano!r t]m = ! play4 ,accord+ to its nature1 a picture is kn[n z a com$y subject1 dramatic subject1 & s on4 ,,sub-,,title3 ,see ,lead]4 ,,sup]-,,imposure3 ,see ,d\ble ,exposure4 ,,t9t+3 ,su* effects z moonlight1 artificial light 9 a room1 firelight1 etc41 are ga9$ l>gely by dye+1 or t9t+1 ! positive film 9 v>i\s colors4 ,t9t+ is also frequ5tly resort$ to = no o!r reason ?an to enhance ! beauty ( ! sc5e1 z :5 sunset sc5es are t9t$ 9 "o ( half a doz5 suitable tones1 or :5 ext]iors are dy$ 9 "s %ade ( br[n or gre54 ,,title3 ,! "n ( ! /ory4 ,a v important elem5t1 s9ce x is really an adv]tisem5t to draw att5tion to ! photoplay1 z well z an ann\ncem5t tell+ :at x is ab\t4 ,a good title is apt1 specific1 attractive1 new & %ort4#e ,footnote #e3 ,*>les ,raymond ,b>rett1 ,%ort ,/ory ,writ+4 ,,vision3 ,! %[+ ( a small sc5e )9 a l>g] sc5e1 z 9 ! case ( a lov] seat$1 ?9k+ ( 8 swee!>t1 & a vision ( ! object ( 8 ?\ght appe>+ 9 a corn] ( ! sc5e1 & disappe>+ z he smiles4 ,visions are resort$ to usually to indicate ! ?\ght ( a "*1 & %\ld be us$ only sp>+ly1 if at all4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,photoplay ,,script3 ,,its ,,compon5t ,,p>ts ,we "k :at a photoplay is2 n[ :at are ! compon5t p>ts ( a photoplay script8 ,simply because ! ^w sc5>io has be5 s long us$ loosely z a "n = ! full writt5 outl9e or /ory ( ! photoplay1 x has come to mean ! entire manuscript--or photoplay script1 z we pref] to call x--complet$ & ready to be submitt$ to ! editor4 ,accurately1 h[ev] 7see ! prec$+ *apt]1 ,photoplay ,t]ms71 ! sc5>io is only "o ( ! ?ree or f\r di/9ct p>ts ( a photoplay script1 z w be develop$ 9 full pres5tly4 ,! ,photoplaywright1 a dep>tm5t conduct$ by ,mr4 ,epes ,w9?rop ,s>g5t 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w1 0 at fir/ call$ ,! ,sc5>io ,writ]2 h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,s>g5t1 l mo/ writ]s & editors1 has ab&on$ ! use ( ! ^w sc5>io z appli$ to ! complete script4 ,sc5>io is ! "n n[ prop]ly giv5 to ! cont9uity ( sc5es1 or ! cont9uity1 z _m are call+ x 9 ^! days ( m precise nom5clature4 ,fur!rmore1 v>i\s trade publications are n[ urg+ writ]s & all o!rs int]e/$ 9 ! "w to sub/itute ! ^w photoplay = sc5>io1 z be+ m compreh5sive & exact :5 appli$ to ! complete manuscript4 ,9 /rict accuracy1 h[ev]1 ev5 photoplay is n a suffici5tly explicit t]m :5 appli$ to ! manuscript only1 :ile ei!r photoplay manuscript or photoplay script is2 =1 z all writ]s may le>n to _! co/1 ! script is n always de/9$ to become a play4 ,to "s1 h[ev]1 ?is di/9ction may seem l splitt+ a hair nicely betwe5 its nor? & nor?we/ corn]s4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! photoplay script is an exact & descriptive t]m & may well be us$ by all int]e/$4 ,:at is ( fundam5tal te*nical importance 9 a novel1 a %ort-/ory1 or a play8 ,! /ory itself--! plot4 ,& s also x is 9 ! photoplay2 only1 & ! reasons mu/ be obvi\s1 its importance 9 ! photoplay is ev5 great]4 ,)\t ! plot1 ! writ]'s script w rema9 =ev] a script1 a m]e piece ( h&- or typewrit+2 x w nev] be trans=m$ by ! magic w& ( ! director into a film picture4 ,rememb] always t ! photoplay is no?+ b a s]ies ( sc5es 9 action :i* make up a /ory4 ,h[ c y expect to h action )\t a suffici5t cause = e effect %[n & ! sc5es arrang$ 9 su* ord] z to produce a complete illusion ( a connect$1 progressive1 climax-rea*+ /ory8 7,& x is j ?is connect$1 progressive1 climax-rea*+ arrangem5t ( ! ev5ts ( a /ory :i* we call ! plot47 ,a novel may be l>gely a /udy ( "*2 a %ort-/ory may deal ) action :i* takes place :olly unse5 9 ! s\l ( man2 a play or a musical com$y may be *iefly a s]ies ( sc5ic pictures or tuneful cap]+s2 b a true photoplay mu/ act out a /ory--a /ory ) a big c5tral po9t1 support$ by contribut+ po9ts1 or situations4 ,! /ory1 !n1 comes fir/--9 m ?an "o s5se4 ,x is ! bait y hold out to ! editor ( ! photoplay company4 ,if he c be int]e/$ 9 y\r /ory1 ! script is half sold4 ,?is be+ true1 x foll[s t y\r synopsis mu/ be cle>1 int]e/+1 & z brief z y c possibly make x1 :ile /ill giv+ all ! important po9ts ( ! /ory4 ,he mu/ grasp y\r plot1 if n 9 a nut%ell1 at lea/ 9 j z few words z x c be compress$ into 9 ord] to make its developm5t p]fectly cle>4 ,y mu/ !re=e outl9e x1 s t he may be able to see pla9ly ! possibilities ( ! /ory z x w\ld "w itself out 9 picture =m4 #a4 ,! ,synopsis ,! /ory mu/ be briefly put1 !re=e x is necess>ily only an outl9e1 a synopsis--& t is ! accept$ te*nical t]m--=m+ ! fir/ subdivision ( y\r script4 ,ea* ( ^! subdivisions is m]ely t\*$ ^u "h1 & res]v$ = sep>ate *apt]-treatm5t lat] on4 ,9 ! synopsis1 ( c\rse1 y\r v>i\s *>act]s are m5tion$ by "n1 b x is also necess>y to add a sep>ate section to y\r script1 conta9+ #b4 ,! ,ca/ ( ,*>act]s ,almo/ all motion picture produc]s are n[ %[+ ! ca/ ( *>act]s on _! films1 & x is only a matt] ( "t :5 e manufactur] w foll[ _! lead1 = ?is is a natural /ep t[>d ! effect ( reality4 ,= ?is reason1 z well z because x has be5 accept$ z foll[+ ! prop] =m ( photoplay script prep>ation1 y\r ca/ ( *>act]s %\ld imm$iately foll[ ! synopsis1 & be di/9ct !refrom4 #c4 ,! ,sc5>io or ,cont9uity ( ,sc5es ,!n comes ! sc5>io--! ?ird & la/ ess5tial "p ( ! complete photoplay script4 ,9 ?is y\r /ory is n told 9 words b is work$ out 9 action4 ,t is1 in/ead ( be+ told by description1 dialogue1 & all ! devices ( fiction writ+1 ! /ory is describ$ z a s]ies ( actions1 divid$ into ! requir$ numb] ( int]ior & ext]ior sc5es1 toge!r ) ! necess>y ins]ts 9 ! way ( lead]s or sub-titles1 lett]s1 telegrams1 newspap] items1 adv]tisem5ts1 & ! l4 #d4 ,! ,sc5e-,plot ,9 ?is prelim9>y consid]ation ( ! sev]al p>ts ( ! complete script1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! v>i\s produc+ companies diff] z to :at !y expect a manuscript to conta94 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 is c]ta93 x is f> bett] to include m detail ?an is requir$1 ?an too little4 ,!re=e1 on ! :ole1 x is advisable to s5d a sc5e-plot 7discuss$ fully 9 ,*apt] ,,xi71 z ?is "p ( ! script w %[ ! produc] at a glance exactly :at diff]5t sets are requir$ to /age ! picture1 & h[ _m sc5es are done 9 ea* set4 ,x is simply a little help ext5d$ to a busy man2 = 9 p>ticul> x enables ! editor to und]/& on fir/ look+ ov] y\r script h[ ! sc5es foll[ up & fit 9 ) ! action z describ$ 9 ! synopsis4 ,at ! same "t1 x is really a supplem5t to ! manuscript1 & our exp]i5ce has be5 t x is m appreciat$ if writt5 ^u a sep>ate %eet1 & includ$ ) ! manuscript prop]4 ,naturally1 ! sc5e-plot is n to be includ$ 9 scripts s5t to companies t ask = synopsis only4 ,/rictly speak+1 z "o writ] on ! subject has po9t$ out1 ! photoplay manuscript consi/s ( two ess5tial p>ts--! synopsis & ! sc5>io4#f ,manufactur]s1 h[ev]1 h %[n _! approval ( hav+ ! li/ ( *>act]s1 giv+ ! names ( *>act]s & a ^w or two describ+ _! relations to ea* o!r1 etc41 mu* z is done 9 "s !atre programs4 ,let u1 !n1 look ^u ! complete photoplay script z be+ compos$ ( ,i ,! ,synopsis4 ,,ii ,! ,ca/ ( ,*>act]s4 ,,iii ,! ,sc5>io1 or ,cont9uity ( ,sc5es4 ,,iv ,! ,sc5e-plot 7z a supplem5t74 ,footnote #f3 ,a discussion ( ! pres5t-day requirem5t ( synopsis only1 z ann\nc$ by "s companies1 w be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,*apt] ,v ,a ,,sample ,,photoplay ,,=m ,:ile ! "o-reel photoplay is virtually obsolete today1 hav+ giv5 place to plays ( two or m reels1 ! =m = ! complete script is q ! same = ! multiple-reel z = ! s+le-reel photoplay1 h5ce ! foll[+ specim5 w s]ve j z well to %[ h[ ! sev]al p>ts ( ! full photoplay manuscript are set =? z if two or ev5 five reels 7 giv54 ,! same ?+ applies to ! numb] ( sc5es commonly f\nd 9 any "o reel--n[adays m sc5es p] reel are cu/om>y ?an 0 ! case :5 ! specim5 "h giv5 0 writt51 yet ! old =m = ea* sc5e & = ea* ins]t is z correct today z ev]1 s t ! pres5t model is a tru/wor?y "o = ^? :o w\ld prep>e ! complete script1 cont9uity & all1 & n synopsis only4 ,,)\t ,,rew>d#g ,,by ,,ar?ur ,,le$s ,we/]n drama 9 #cb sc5es2 #d int]ior & #ac ext]ior sett+s ,footnote #g3 ,?is /ory 0 orig9ally entitl$ ,! ,love ,t ,leads ,upw>d4 ,aft] be+ accept$ by ! ,univ]sal1 = production by ! ,ne/or ,company1 ! title 0 *ang$ to meet ) "s necess>y *anges 9 ! sc5>io4 ,! sc5e-plot = ?is /ory is reproduc$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,synopsis ,a rew>d is (f]$ = ! capture ( ,/eph5 ,hammond1 bett] kn[n to ! p ( ,navajo ,c\nty1 ,arizona1 z ,aravaipa ,/eve4 ,james ,freeman1 a ran*]1 br+s ,dr4 ,turn] to ! ran* to att5d ! y\ng] ( 8 two daught]s1 ,norma1 a little girl ( ab\t t5 ye>s1 ! *ild be+ ill ) fev]4 ,! doctor realizes ! necessity ( hav+ ice on h& to prep>e ice-caps to help r$uce ! *ild's fev]4 ,s9ce x is n s f> to ,p9$ale z x is to ! t[n :]e ! doctor lives1 ! physician advises ! fa!r to ride !re at once1 & get back ) ! ice z soon z possible4 ,he leaves a bottle ( m$ic9e ) ,jess1 ! eld] girl1 & gives h] directions = ! g5]al c>e ( ,norma4 ,x is :ile ,freeman is away & ,jess is alone ) ! *ild t ,/eve ,hammond comes to ! ran*1 exhau/$ & hungry4 ,he calls ,jess out & %e gives him a dr9k ( wat]4 ,!n1 see+ 8 evid5t we>9ess & realiz+ t he mu/ be hungry1 %e invites him to h some?+ to eat be=e go+ on4 ,jess has nev] se5 ,/eve be=e1 nor does %e guess :o he is1 al?\gh %e has he>d ( ,aravaipa ,/eve4 ,s9ce h] visitor appe>s to be an hone/ man1 ,jess tells him t h] fa!r has gone to t[n--all ! o!r m5 be+ away--to get ice = h] sick si/]4 ,/eve is greatly t\*$ by ! sight ( ! sick *ild1 & he sudd5ly rememb]s a cave 9 ! foo?ills :]e !re is ice buri$ b5ea? ! rock & gravel4 ,he gets a sp>e horse f ! /able1 & tak+ a c\ple ( l>ge saddle-bags goes to ! cave1 procures ! ice1 & returns to ! ran* h\se4 ,aft] ,/eve has plac$ ice-caps on ,norma's head1 ,jess accid5tally knocks ! m$ic9e bottle to ! floor1 break+ x & spill+ ! cont5ts4 ,realiz+ ! absolute necessity ( hav+ ! m$ic9e1 ,/eve det]m9es to ride to ! doctor & tell him to take or s5d "s m2 b realiz+ also t he w be arre/$ ! mom5t he is se5 9 t[n1 he tells ,jess :o he is4 ,%e is a/\nd$1 b1 unable to =get :at he has already done = h]1 %e tells him n to g--%e w risk wait+ until ! return ( h] fa!r1 :o c !n g4 ,b ,/eve decl>es t he w g1 z delay may endang] ! *ild's life4 ,^u 8 arrival at ! doctor's1 he is seiz$ & dragg$ to ! %]iff's (fice1 b n be=e he has deliv]$ 8 message to ! physician4 ,dr4 ,turn] rides to ! ran* ) ! m$ic9e1 & ,jess1 feel+ intuitively t h>m w come to ! man :o has done s mu* = !m1 begs ! doctor to ride back to protect him f ! mob :i*1 ! doctor tells h]1 has m ?an once ?reat5$ to take ! law into its own h&s if ,/eve %\ld be captur$4 ,see+ h] di/ress1 bo? ,freeman & ! doctor ride to t[n1 & ?r\gh _! ef=ts ! %]iff is p]suad$ to all[ ,/eve to make 8 escape f a back door ( ! (fice4 ,he rides back to ! ran*1 says f>ewell to ,jess1 & is giv5 h] photograph1 on ! back ( :i* %e writes h] "n & a few words to ! effect t %e w be glad to he> h[ he gets along4 ,he !n rides away4 ,at ! end ( a ye>1 ,jess receives a lett] f ,/eve1 say+ t he is /ay+ at ,w9sl[1 & t he is n[ liv+ an hone/ life1 & fills a good position 9 ,san ,francisco4 ,he asks h] to try to p]suade h] fa!r to br+ h] on a visit1 s t he may see h] aga94 ,:5 ,jess %[s h] fa!r ,/eve's lett]1 ,freeman1 kn[+ t ,hammond has at lea/ nev] be5 guilty ( blood%$1 & believ+ t ! pres]v] ( 8 little ,norma has completely re=m$1 agrees to take ,jess !re to see him4 ,he kn[s t1 great z has be5 8 daught]'s impression ^u ! =m] outlaw1 8 has be5 no less great & la/+ ^u h]4 ,,ca/ ,,( ,,*>act]s ,james ,freeman ,an ,arizona ran*] ,jess ,8 daught] ,norma ,h] little si/] ,/eve ,hammond1 ,an outlaw1 kn[n z ,aravaipa ,/eve ,dr4 ,turn] ,! physician ,! %]iff ,! %]iff's deputy ,c[boys1 citiz5s1 etc41 9 #a1 #ai1 #ba1 & #bc4 ,,sc5>io1 ,,or ,,cont9uity ,,( ,,sc5es #a--,outside %]iff's (fice1 ma9 /reet ( t[n-- ,"o or two c[boys & sev]al o!r citiz5s /&+ ar\nd talk+ e>ne/ly4 ,%]iff comes out ( op5 door ) h&-lett]$ plac>d4 ,he tacks x up beside a notice ( an auction sale ( /ock1 close to door4 ,draws att5tion ( by/&]s1 :o cr[d ar\nd to read4 ,on scre54 ,notice-- #e1jjj ,,rew>d6 ,,= ,,! ,,capture ,,( ,,/eph5 ,,hammond1 ,,bett] ,,kn[n ,,z ,,aravaipa ,,/eve4 ,,we ,,pref] ,,to ,,get ,,him ,,alive1 ,,z ,,he ,,may ,,tell ,,:at ,,he ,,done ,,) ,,! ,,prose$s ,,( ,,8 ,,la/ ,,hold-,,up4 ,back to sc5e4 ,! by/&]s are obvi\sly dissatisfi$4 ,!y prote/ to %]iff1 :o %akes head emphatically4 ,lead]-- ,,! ,,only ,,good ,i ,,k9 ,,say ,o' ,,him ,,is ,,t ,,he ,,a9',t ,,no ,,murd]]4 ,,we',,ll ,,h ,,no ,,lyn*9' ,,:ile ,i',m ,,%]iff ,back to sc5e4 ,"o ( ! c[boys gives ! %]iff a /rong argum5t1 b he holds 8 gr\nd & taps 8 badge significantly4 ,!y are /ill voic+ _! sev]al op9ions :5 sc5e ends4 #b--;,dr4 ,turn]'s (fice-- ,doctor ly+ on l\nge1 coat (f1 smok+4 ,turns eyes t[>d door & !n spr+s up z ,james ,freeman ent]s1 %[+ great excitem5t & di/ress4 ,doctor asks :at is wrong4 ,freeman makes excit$ reply1 urg+ doctor to get ready & come quick4 ,doctor compels him to speak m calmly &1 :5 he kn[s j :at is wrong & he>s ,norma's symptoms1 he nods head & holds up h&1 tell+ ,freeman to sit d[n & be quiet :ile he prep>es "s m$ic9e4 ,he measures "s drug f bottle 9 graduate & p\rs x into eight-ounce bottle4 ,) ?is 9 h& he /eps out ( room4 ,freeman greatly agitat$ & anxi\s to />t4 ,turn] comes back almo/ imm$iately1 j cork+ bottle4 ,he slips x into pocket1 picks up hat & m$ical case1 !n foll[s ,freeman out ( room4 #c--,%ort ext]ior sc5e %[+ ,freeman & ,dr4 ,turn] rid+ to ran*4 #d--;,b$room 9 ,freeman's ran* h\se4 ,%elf on wall on :i* are sev]al photographs 9 frames4 7,mu/ be same z 9 sc5e #bh47 ,norma ly+ 9 b$1 ill ) fev]4 ,dr4 ,turn] b5d+ ov] h]4 ,freeman lean+ ov] foot ( b$ wat*+ anxi\sly4 ,jess /&s beside little table 9 c5tre ( room1 on :i* are glasses1 ! m$ic9e bottle1 & ! doctor's little case4 ,h] grief v evid5t4 ,dr4 ,turn]'s face v grave z he turns away f b$4 ,freeman goes to him z he crosses to table beside ,jess4 ,doctor addresses ,freeman1 speak+ e>ne/ly4 ,lead]-- ,,we ,,mu/ ,,h ,,ice ,,= ,,h]4 ,,x',s ,,tw5ty ,,miles ,,to ,,my ,,t[n ,,& ,,f\rte5 ,,to ,,p9$ale4 ,,/>t ,,!re ,,at ,,once1 ,,get ,,! ,,ice1 ,,& ,,we',,ll ,,save ,,h] ,,yet ,back to sc5e4 ,freeman realizes ! importance ( be+ able to procure ice z soon z possible4 ,/>ts to get ready1 pres5tly hurry+ out ( room4 ,doctor turns to ,jess & gives h] in/ructions z to adm9i/]+ ! m$ic9e1 po9t+ to wat*4 ,%e nods4 ,doctor takes la/ look at *ild1 !n walks out ( room1 ,jess foll[+4 #e--;,corn] ( ran* h\se1 look+ t[>d /ables-- ,doctor comes out1 foll[$ by ,jess4 ,) a p>t+ ^w1 he rides away4 ,a mom5t lat] ,freeman comes f direction ( /ables driv+ buckbo>d4 ,he says a few words to ,jess1 :o assures him t %e w be all "r1 & !n he drives (f rapidly4 ,jess re-ent]s h\se4 #f--;,ext]ior1 suppos$ly at di/ance f b )9 sight ( ran*-- ,/eve ,hammond rides sl[ly into picture1 dism\nts we>ily1 leans aga9/ horse z if mu* fatigu$1 looks ab\t 9 all directions4 ,sees ran* h\se %ort di/ance away4 ,%[s hesitation1 !n sudd5 resolution4 ,sw+s into saddle & rides out ( picture4 #g--;,corn] ( ran* h\se1 same z #e-- ,/eve rides into picture 9 backgr\nd1 approa*+ cauti\sly4 ,leaves horse /&+ at %ort di/ance f h\se1 ready = quick get-away4 ,creeps =w>d /eal?ily1 gun 9 h&1 ready4 7,if w9d[ betwe5 corn] ( h\se & door1 passes b5ea? x /oop+47 ,rea*es door & knocks4 ,he>+ someone approa*+1 he holds gun out ( sight beh9d back4 ,jess appe>s 9 doorway4 ,/eve regi/]s t he is impress$ by girl's appe>ance4 ,%e1 t he is a /rang]4 ,he asks = a dr9k ( wat]4 ,%e goes 9 to get x4 ,he quickly replaces gun 9 hol/]4 ,jess comes out ) dipp] ( wat]2 he dr9ks gre$ily1 !n sways weakly & drops to /eps4 ,jess1 see+ 8 exhau/ion1 %[s sympa?y4 ,asks if he is hungry4 ,he looks up & nods4 ,%e looks at him a mom5t z if e/imat+ 8 "* & !n asks him into ! h\se4 ,he holds back1 hesitat+ a mom5t1 !n weakly foll[s h] 94 #h--,kit*5 ( ran* h\se-- ,jess places *air beside table & asks ,/eve to sit d[n4 ,he wat*es h] ) evid5t b respectful admiration z %e br+s food & p\rs cup ( c(fee4 ,%e wat*es him sympa!tically z he eats4 ,pres5tly he looks up at h]1 !n ar\nd1 & po9ts t[>d door4 ,he que/ions h]4 ,%e %akes head negatively1 look+ at him /eadily4 ,lead]-- ,,! ,,m5 ,,are ,,all ,,away4 ,,fa!r',s ,,gone ,,to ,,get ,,ice ,,= ,,my ,,sick ,,si/] ,back to sc5e4 ,jess wat*es him closely z %e speaks4 ,he %[s only look ( relief4 ,he que/ions h] aga94 ,%e po9ts to door lead+ to b$room4 ,he looks t[>d door & %e crosses to x1 pu%+ x s(tly op54 ,%e turns & signs = him to look inside4 ,%e h]self /&s 9 doorway z he passes h] & goes into room4 #i--;,b$room1 same z #d-- ,/eve moves pa/ ,jess into room1 cross+ to b$side4 ,g5u9e sympa?y 9 8 expression z he looks at *ild & notes h] fev]$ condition4 ,he places h& on *ild's =ehead & %akes 8 head4 ,looks t[>d ,jess1 /&+ 9 doorway1 !n goes out foll[+ h] back into-- #aj--,kit*51 same z #h-- ,he sits d[n on *air2 evid5tly he is greatly t\*$ by ! *ild's condition & ,jess's helplessness4 ,sudd5ly he spr+s up excit$ly & turns to ,jess1 speak+ rapidly4 ,lead]-- ,,!re',s ,,ice ,,ne>] ,,?an ,,p9$ale4 ,,) ,a ,,sp>e ,,horse1 ,i',,ll ,,get ,,y ,,pl5ty ,,inside ,,( ,,an ,,h\r ,back to sc5e4 ,jess looks at him 9 a/oni%m5t & que/ions him4 ,he emphatic 9 repeat+ :at he has said4 ,he asks ab\t horse1 po9t+ to out] door4 ,z ,jess leads way1 ,/eve picks up hat & foll[s h] out4 #aa--;,ext]ior1 at door ( /able-- ,jess /&+ hold+ ,/eve's horse4 ,/eve comes f /able lead+ ano!r horse1 ) c\ple ( l>ge saddle-bags1 pick1 & %ort-h&l$ %ovel1 on its back4 ,he po9ts to ^! & m\nts 8 horse4 ,jess smiles gratefully1 !n looks grave aga94 ,he rea*es d[n & j t\*es h] reassur+ly on ! %\ld]4 ,!n he rides quickly away1 lead+ ! second horse1 :ile ,jess wat*es him = a mom5t1 & !n />ts t[>d h\se4 #ab--;,foo?ill trail-- ,/eve rid+ up trail1 disappe>+ r\nd b5d ( hill4 #ac--,rocky portion ( hillside %[+ entrance to sort ( cave 9 side ( cliff-- ,/eve dism\nts1 ties bo? horses1 takes pick & %ovel f second horse1 !n goes =w>d & ent]s cave4 #ad--;,int]ior ( cave-- ,/eve kneel+ & remov+ l>ge rocks f floor ( cave4 ,rises1 takes pick & makes good-siz$ hole 9 rocky gr\nd1 us+ bo? pick & %ovel4 ,sudd5ly /ops1 kneels1 works ) h&s a mom5t1 rises1 takes up pick & drives x into bottom ( hole he has made4 ,?r[s pick d[n1 kneels1 holds up fair-siz$ piece ( ice4 ,rises1 runs out ( cave4 ,back almo/ imm$iately ) saddle-bags4 ,?r[s !m d[n1 takes up pick & />ts to get out ! ice4 #ae--;,entrance to cave1 same z #ac-- ,/eve j f9i%+ load+ horse ) saddle-bags fill$ ) ice4 ,secures pick & %ovel across bags1 m\nts own horse & />ts to ride away1 lead+ second horse z be=e4 #af--,ran* h\se1 same z #e-- ,jess /&+ 9 doorway1 great anxiety 9 face4 ,expression *anges z %e sees ,/eve ride up 9 backgr\nd4 ,he dism\nts 9 front ( door1 takes saddle-bags f horse &1 ) ,jess lead+1 goes into h\se4 #ag--;,b$room1 same z #d-- ,/eve is j mak+ an ice-pack ) a piece ( flannel4 ,places x on *ild's head4 ,he /&s wat*+ ! *ild int5tly = a mom5t1 !n looks at ! girl4 ,jess %[s h] gratitude v pla9ly4 ,%e holds out h] h&4 ,/eve />ts to take x1 !n draws back %>ply4 ,jess a/oni%$1 n und]/&+ 8 reluctance4 ,he hangs 8 head1 b rema9s sil5t4 ,jess wat*es him = a mom5t & !n turns away4 ,%e is /&+ by table :i* is close to ! b$4 ,z %e turns %e knocks ov] ! bottle ( m$ic9e ) "o h&4 ,x falls to floor & breaks1 spill+ on c>pet4 ,jess %[s utt] con/]nation4 ,/eve also di/ress$4 ,jess po9ts to al>m clock /&+ on table1 speak+ to ,/eve excit$ly4 ,he greatly impress$ by ! gravity ( ! situation4 ,%e indicates t ! doctor lives 9 ! di/ant t[n4 ,he nods1 evid5tly try+ to make up 8 m9d :at to d4 ,sudd5ly turns to ,jess1 looks /raight into h] eyes1 !n ext5ds h&4 ,%e is puzzl$1 b takes pr(f]$ h&4 ,/eve holds h]s a mom5t & !n drops x4 ,he looks at h] aga9 & !n hangs head1 speak+ ) face av]t$4 ,lead]-- ,i',,ll ,,see ,,t ,,y ,,get ,,m ,,m$ic9e ,,all ,,"r2 ,,b ,i ,,won',t ,,br+ ,,x4 ,,ov] ,,9 ,,t[n ,,!y ,,call ,,me ',,aravaipa ,,/eve' ,back to sc5e4 ,z ,/eve speaks1 ,jess looks at him horror-/rick51 & %r9ks1 hid+ face 9 h&s4 ,/eve wat*es h] ) expression ( m+l$ angui% & remorse4 ,sudd5ly ,jess draws h]self erect1 indicat+ t1 no matt] :o or :at he may be1 %e ?anks him = :at he has done = h] & appreciates x4 ,ext5ds h] h&1 look+ him full 9 ! face4 ,he hesitates1 !n seizes h] h& 9 bo? ( 8 & grips x4 ,%e does n move--simply cont9ues to gaze /raight into 8 eyes4 ,/eve drops h] h& & rea*es = 8 hat4 ,%e wat*es him z he prep>es to leave4 ,!n1 sudd5ly1 %e %[s t %e fully realizes :at x means to him to g = ! m$ic9e4 ,%e spr+s to 8 side & seizes 8 arm4 ,po9t+--z if t[>d t[n--%e indicates t he w be arre/$ ! mom5t he appe>s !re4 ,he nods head resign$ly4 ,%e po9ts to ! sick *ild4 ,!n %e rea*es out to take 8 hat1 %ak+ h] head4 ,y mu/ n g2 ,i c't =get :at y h already done = h]4 ,he looks at h] a mom5t1 %[s t he realizes ! consequ5ces1 !n takes 8 hat f h]1 8 face %[+ /rong det]m9ation4 ,he picks up ! upp] portion ( ! brok5 m$ic9e bottle f ! floor2 !n po9ts to ! *ild on ! b$4 ,lead]-- ,,! ,,*ild',s ,,safety ,,is ,,:at ,i',m ,,?9k9' ,,(4 ,,!y',,ll ,,get ,,me ,,soon] ,,or ,,lat] ,,anyh[4 ,i',m ,,go9'6 ,back to sc5e4 ,/eve turns quickly t[>d door4 ,jess speaks & he turns to face h]4 ,%e approa*es sl[ly & /ops 9 front ( him1 looks /eadily into 8 eyes = a mom5t1 !n impulsively holds out bo? h] h&s4 ,he seizes !m1 holds !m a mom5t1 !n1 z %e drops h] eyes1 he l[]s h] h&s sl[ly1 /eps backw>d1 turns1 & exit quickly4 ,%e looks up z he passes out ( door1 !n drops on h] knees beside b$ &1 ) "o h& rea*+ out to ! *ild1 looks upw>d z if 9 pray]4 #ah--;,ext]ior-- ,/eve rid+ h>d into t[n4 #ai--,on ! outskirts ( ! t[n-- ,/eve rides into picture1 go+ at same spe$ z be=e4 ,man 7n c[boy1 b c>ry+ gun 9 hol/]7 recognizes him z he approa*es4 ,draws gun1 /&s at side ( road1 &1 z ,/eve comes close raises gun & calls on him to halt4 ,/eve only b5ds l[ & gives ! horse ! spurs1 da%+ pa/ at full gallop4 ,man raises 8 gun & fires aft] him1 !n %[s by 8 look ( *agr9 t he has n /opp$ him4 #bj--,look+ back ov] same road1 b at po9t f>!r on t[>d t[n-- ,/eve rides into picture1 8 left arm hang+ limp1 hold+ gun 9 "r h&1 prep>$ to use x r ?an /op2 re9s hang+ on horse's neck4 ,he takes re9s 9 "r h&--aft] re/or+ gun to hol/]--& rides on4 #ba--;,ext]ior ( doctor's h\se1 ) sign1 ,dr4 ,turn]-- ,/eve rides into picture1 pulls up1 dism\nts1 & ) an expression ( pa9 takes hold ( w\nd$ left arm ) "r h&1 gripp+ x z if to ease pa94 ,runs up /eps & knocks at door4 ,z he is fac+ door1 ano!r man sees & recognizes him4 ,?is man is n arm$1 & he m]ely %akes fi/ at ,/eve beh9d ! outlaw's back1 !n passes out ( picture4 ,dr4 ,turn] comes to door1 & falls back a/\nd$ z he recognizes ,aravaipa ,/eve4 ,y6 ,:at d y want "h8 ,!n he sees ! w\nd$ arm1 & po9ts to x4 ,/eve %akes head emphatically & proce$s to tell :at has happ5$ at ! ran*4 ,z he f9i%es1 ! doctor looks him ov] f head to foot1 !n holds out 8 h&1 :i* ! outlaw grasps sil5tly4 ,dr4 ,turn] beckons him into ! h\se2 b j z ,/eve is ab\t to foll[ ! doctor 91 ! man :o saw him knock on ! door returns ) a p>ty ( t5 or a doz5 citiz5s & c[boys4 ,half a doz5 po9t guns at ,/eve & he ?r[s up 8 "r h& 9 ob$i5ce to _! comm&1 indicat+ t 8 left is injur$4 ,! doctor tries to expla91 b !y wave him back4 ,/eve turns to doctor & tells him to hurry & get ! m$ic9e (f to ! sick *ild4 ,doctor nods4 ,believ+ t ! outlaw w be tak5 to ! %]iff1 he goes 9 to prep>e ! m$ic9e4 ,/eve is l$ away by ! cr[d4 #bb--;,corn] ( ran* h\se1 same z #e-- ,doctor rides into picture1 pull+ up 9 front ( door4 ,z he calls out1 ,jess comes to door foll[$ by h] fa!r4 ,dr4 ,turn] takes bottle ( m$ic9e f pocket ( 8 coat & h&s x to ,jess4 ,jess h&s x to fa!r & turns to doctor aga94 ,%e is excit$ & obvi\sly mu* di/ress$ at ! ?\ght ( :at may h happ5$ to ,/eve4 ,que/ions ! doctor anxi\sly4 ,at 8 reply %e %[s signs ( break+ into te>s4 ,!n turns to h] fa!r4 ,lead]-- ,i ,,fe> ,,t ,,! ,,mob ,,w ,,take ,,him ,,f ,,! ,,%]iff4 ,,= ,,! ,,sake ,,( ,,all ,,he ,,has ,,done ,,= ,,u1 ,,ride ,,back ,,to ,,protect ,,him ,back to sc5e4 ,freeman1 kn[+ :at ,/eve has done1 looks v grave4 ,he speaks to doctor1 :o nods head4 ,!n he turns to ,jess1 signifies 8 int5tion ( rid+ to t[n at once1 & tells h] to att5d to ,norma1 giv+ h] ! m$ic9e4 ,! doctor dism\nts1 da%es into h\se1 & returns almo/ imm$iately4 ,he indicates t ! *ild is already some:at improv$4 ,he m\nts1 & ) a p>t+ ^w to ! girl1 bo? m5 ride rapidly out ( picture4 #bc--,outside %]iff's (fice1 same z #a-- ,mob ( c[boys & citiz5s talk+ excit$ly & cr[d+ 9 front ( clos$ door4 ,evid5tly all are ( ! op9ion t ,/eve %\ld be /rung up4 ,!y cease talk+ & turn1 look+ up /reet4 ,dr4 ,turn] & ,freeman ride up & dism\nt4 ,!y =ce _! way ?r\gh cr[d & approa* door ( ! %]iff's (fice4 ,!y knock twice1 b door does n op54 ,freeman calls l\dly to ^? inside1 :ile ,dr4 ,turn] faces ! mob & w>ns !m to keep _! di/ance :5 ! door is op5$4 ,pres5tly door op5s1 %]iff & 8 deputy appe>+1 ) guns drawn4 ,freeman quickly tells !m :at !y want & he & doctor pass inside4 ,mob becomes v demon/rative n[4 #bd--;,int]ior ( %]iff's (fice4 ,door at left1 close/ to work+-l9e1 leads to /reet4 ,door at back ( room1 :5 op5$1 %[s ext]ior back+-- ,ent] ,dr4 ,turn] & ,freeman4 ,%]iff & deputy /ep back z !y ent] & b> door ! mom5t !y h come 94 ,/eve sits on *air beside table1 h&cuff$4 ,8 face %[s only a complete resignation to 8 fate4 ,he is nei!r excit$ nor indiff]5t4 ,doctor speaks to %]iff1 :o nods4 ,doctor goes to ,/eve ) deputy1 :o unlocks h&cuffs4 ,doctor quickly exam9es ,/eve's w\nd$ arm1 !n b9ds x up4 ,meantime ! %]iff is li/5+ to ,freeman1 :o tells him ( all ,/eve has done = him1 9 help+ to save ! life ( 8 *ild4 ,%]iff pla9ly mu* impress$4 ,looks across at ,/eve & %akes head1 realiz+ 8 duty & yet fill$ ) sympa?y = ! outlaw4 ,freeman cont9ues to plead ) him4 ,doctor f9i%es work+ ) ,/eve & looks across at !m4 ,%]iff & deputy :irl r\nd & draw guns aga9 z all he> s\nd ( heavy bl[s on /reet door4 7,if position ( door 9 set p]mits1 %[ door %ak5 z if by bl[s ^u x47 ,all realize t ! mob means bus9ess4 ,on back wall is rew>d plac>d simil> to "o po/$ outside 7same c>d74 ,%]iff1 turn+ to ,/eve1 po9ts to ?is4 ,/eve nods4 ,%]iff calls att5tion ( all to back door4 ,!n1 fac+ ,/eve aga91 he indicates1 ,if ,i let y g t way1 w y live hone/ly h]eaft]8 ,/eve looks at him a mom5t1 !n crosses to plac>d & po9t+ to words proclaim+ rew>d = ,aravaipa ,/eve1 passes o!r h& 9 front ( eyes1 z if 9 disgu/ at :at he has be51 !n hangs head4 ,%]iff wat*es him a mom5t1 !n holds out 8 h&4 ,/eve grasps x & turns to ,freeman & ,dr4 ,turn]4 ,z deputy turns t[>d /reet door1 he>+ m knock+ ^u x1 ,freeman & doctor bo? %ake h&s ) ,/eve1 %]iff quietly op5s back door1 & ,/eve1 aft] hesitat+ a mom5t1 slips out4 ,%]iff b>s back door &1 turn+ ar\nd1 runs across to /reet door & %\ts to cr[d on outside1 h>angu+ !m to ga9 "t4 #be--,re> ( %]iff's (fice1 %[+ corn] ( build+ & side wall1 look+ t[>d /reet4 ,sev]al horses are ti$ all along side ( wall1 out ( sight ( ! mob 9 front ( build+-- ,/eve1 leav+ door1 :i* is j clos+1 creeps up to ne>e/ horse1 unties x1 & leads x away f build+ 7t[>d cam]a74 ,!n he m\nts & da%es away1 out ( picture4 #bf--;,int]ior ( %]iff's (fice1 same z #bd-- ,%]iff1 smil+ at o!rs 9 room1 /ill argu+ ) cr[d outside4 ,deputy1 ,freeman & ,dr4 ,turn]1 also smil+1 /& 9 c5t] ( room4 #bg--;,front ( ran* h\se1 same z #e-- ,/eve rides up & dism\nts1 call+ out to ,jess4 ,%e pres5tly appe>s 9 doorway4 ,on see+ him safe1 h] face %[s int5se relief & ?ankfulness4 ,!n %e realizes t he is n yet out ( dang]4 ,%e po9ts t[>d t[n4 ,he indicates t ! horse he has ridd5 belongs to someone 9 t[n4 ,he takes money f pocket & h&s x to h]1 indicat+ t he wi%es h] to give x to ! own] ( ! horse4 ,%e ass5ts4 ,/eve !n po9ts inside4 ,jess invites him to foll[ h] 94 ,he goes up /eps aft] h]4 #bh--;,b$room1 same z #d-- ,jess ent]s1 foll[$ by ,/eve4 ,he goes across to b$ & b5ds ov] ,norma1 :o is sleep+ quietly4 ,turn+ ar\nd1 he sees ! photographs on ! %elf on wall1 ,jess's picture among !m4 ,he looks at h] z if hesitat+ to speak1 !n1 po9t+ to h] picture1 asks if he may take x ) him4 ,%e is a trifle confus$ at fir/2 !n1 realiz+ ! *ange t has tak5 place 9 ! man1 %e takes x d[n & is ab\t to h& x to him1 :5 he takes piece ( p5cil f pocket ( ve/ & h&s x to h]1 ask+ h] to write h] "n on x4 ,jess looks at him1 !n takes p5cil & writes on back ( photo4 #bi--;,bu/ ( ,jess's "r h& hold+ photograph1 %[+ back1 on :i* is writt53 ,,) ,,! ,,sympa?y ,,& ,,be/ ,,wi%es ,,( ,,jess ,,freeman4 ,i ,,%\ld ,,l ,,to ,,"k1 ,a ,,ye> ,,f ,,n[1 ,,h[ ,,y ,,are ,,gett+ ,,on4 #cj--;,back to #bh-- ,jess h&s ! photograph to ,/eve4 ,he glances at :at is writt5 & looks at h] z if long+ to speak1 b m]ely takes h] h& & looks 8 great gratitude1 & det]m9ation to atone = ! pa/1 urg$ on by h] enc\ragem5t4 ,!n he turns to door & %e foll[s him out ( room4 #ca--;,front ( ran*1 same z #e-- ,/eve m\nt$ ready to ride away4 ,he holds photograph 9 left h&1 /ill b&ag$4 ,he puts out "r h& aga9 & takes ,jess's1 9 a p>t+ h&%ake4 ,!n he puts photo 9 inn] pocket ( ve/1 & ) a la/ ^w & a smile ( gratitude1 rides quickly away4 ,jess wat*es him ride out ( sight1 !n sits on /eps & looks 9 direction he has gone1 />t+ to weep s(tly4 ,lead]-- ,a ,,ye> ,,lat]4 #cb--,kit*51 same z #h-- ,jess lay+ table = meal4 ,norma assi/+ h] 7or1 if a "y *ild is us$1 play+74 ,freeman ent]s f out] door1 z if j return+ f t[n4 ,he c>ries bundles1 etc4 ,puts ^! d[n1 takes lett]s f pocket1 h&s two to ,jess4 ,%e looks at "o & lays x c>elessly on table4 ,aft] a glance at ! o!r %e signifies1 ,x mu/ be f him6 ,freeman & *ild d n obs]ve h] expression4 ,%e op5s lett] & reads3 ,on scre54 ,lett]-- ,de> ,miss ,freeman1 ,i am writ+ ?is f ,w9sl[--x's z ne> to y\r home z ,i c>e to g4 ,b ,i've got a good position 9 ,san ,francisco1 & ?ank ,god ,i'm liv+ hone/ly :]e nobody kn[s my pa/ record4 ,i'd give any?+ to see y aga94 ,d y ?9k y\r fa!r w\ld br+ y on a visit8 ,gratefully y\rs1 ,/eph5 ,hammond4 ,back to sc5e4 ,jess's face lights up gladly4 ,%e goes to h] fa!r & gives him lett]1 :i* he reads4 ,he looks at h] n>r[ly4 ,%e hangs h] head 9 "s confusion4 ,he /&s = a mom5t 9 deep ?\ght4 ,!n he takes ,jess's h&s &1 z %e looks /raight into 8 eyes1 he nods 8 head1 draws h] to him & kisses h]4 ,norma comes up & puts h] arms r\nd h] fa!r z he & ,jess /& !re4 ,jess kneels & takes ,norma 9 h] arms4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,me*anical ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,script ,any successful photoplaywright w te/ify t ! prop] prep>ation ( ! photoplay script has mu* to d ) its be+ accept$1 especially if m ?an ! m]e synopsis is (f]$4 ,at fir/ ?is may seem to be an extreme /atem5t1 b its tru? w become m & m evid5t z we proce$4 ,fur!rmore1 its importance %\ld be accept$ by writ]s e>ly 9 ! "w because e /age ( photoplay writ+ has its direct be>+ ^u1 & looks t[>d1 ! prep>ation ( ! script4 ,= ?is reason ! pres5t *apt] is introduc$ at ?is po9t1 ?\gh 9 actual "t-sequ5ce ! prep>ation ( ! manuscript 9 its f9al =m w usually come aft] all its sev]al p>ts h be5 consid]$1 block$ out1 & arrang$4 ,x w be highly important1 !re=e1 to review ?is *apt] aft] f9i%+ ! sections ( ?is volume :i* deal 9 p>ticul> ) ! sev]al p>ts ( ! photoplay4 ,x is to be regrett$1 let u reit]ate1 t s mu* has be5 said1 by manufactur]s & o!rs1 to ! effect t no lit]>y tra9+ is necess>y 9 ord] to write salable photoplays1 =1 z a result1 c\ntless absolutely impossible scripts are con/antly p\r+ into ! editors' (fices--impossible1 9 a great _m cases1 n because ( ! lack ( idea1 = v (t5 ! illit]ate writ] has bo? a vivid imag9ation & ! p[] to use x1 b because frequ5tly ! good idea is express$ 9 su* un9telligible language1 & ) su* execrable spell+ & hopelessly incorrect punctuation1 t ! ?read ( ! plot1 its mean+1 & values1 _c be grasp$ by ! editor4 ,ev5 :5 ! /ory itself is n utt]ly lo/ to ! script read]1 he is too busy a man to wade ?r\gh x bit by bit1 /ruggl+ to make some?+ out ( a jumble ( confus+ words4 ,! dem& = good scripts is great] ?an ! supply--b ! supply is increas+1 & ! /&>d is ris+4 ,?is means t al?\gh !re are doz5s--to put x mildly--( m5 & wom5 ent]+ ! field ea* week1 easily ?ree-f\r?s ( ^! br& !mselves z hopelessly unqualifi$ :5 !y drop _! fir/ script into ! mail-box4 ,! repeat$ failures ( ! unprep>$ h giv5 rise to ! rumor t only ! scripts ( favor$ writ]s are read 9 editorial (fices4 ,! old trick ( plac+ small pieces ( pap] betwe5 ! %eets1 9 ord] to prove :e!r or n ! script 0 read ?r\gh1 is z popul> today z x 0 tw5ty ye>s ago ) /ory writ]s4 ,! g5tleman :o has ! fir/ read+ ( all ! scripts receiv$ by a c]ta9 company call$ ! att5tion ( "o ( ! pres5t au?ors to j su* a script only rec5tly4 ,:at 0 ! result8 ,"s ( ! m9ute pieces ( pap] fell out ! mom5t ! script 0 tak5 f ! envelope = exam9ation4 ,t 0 en\gh4 ,! script 0 almo/ imm$iately plac$ 9 ano!r envelope & return$ to ! writ]--) a rejection slip4 ,unfair treatm5t ( ! writ]8 ,n at all6 ,foll[+ ! discov]y ( ! conceal$ p>ticles ( pap]1 a glance at ! fir/ page 0 suffici5t to conv9ce ! editor t x 0 ! "w ( ano!r amateur :o 0 fooli% en\gh to add to a mis]ably prep>$ script ! pro( t he d\bt$ ! hone/y ( ! editor to :om he _h address$ 8 (f]+4 ,x is only reasonable to believe t e editor w read at lea/ s mu* ( e script z is necess>y to conv9ce him ( its value or its lack ( value to ! firm by :i* he is employ$4 ,he draws a sal>y to discov] /ories :i* are wor? :ile1 & is always on ! look\t = good1 live1 gripp+ /ories :i* w make pictures calculat$ to add to ! reputation ( 8 employ]4 ,!re is j "o way he c f9d su* /ories1 :5 ! au?or's "n is unkn[n to him1 & t is by read+ ! script1 ei!r 9 :ole or s f> z to p]mit 8 tra9$ judgm5t to pass fairly ^u x4 ,! editor :o does n d ?is hone/ly ei!r does n exi/ or w soon lose 8 position1 = he w be sure to ov]look valuable mat]ial by 8 neglig5ce4 ,at ! v out/>t resolve to be pr(essional 9 y\r me?ods1 be bus9esslike1 & play fair4 ,! advisability ( con/antly abid+ by ^! ?ree rules ( ! photoplay writ+ game mu/ be app>5t to any intellig5t p]son4 ,?\gh ! field = ! sale ( photoplay scripts is likely to become mu* l>g]1 & ! prices paid promise to become bett] z "t goes on1 e day "s new writ] ( prov$ ability 79 ! field ( fiction writ+1 z a rule71 ent]s ?is field4 ,aga9/ him1 ) 8 sup]ior exp]i5ce & k ( lit]>y usages1 y mu/ compete4 ,!re=e1 9 ord] to w91 y mu/ d z he does4 ,he is fair to himself4 ,f a me*anical po9t1 8 scripts are likely to be all t !y ought to be2 he s5ds !m out kn[+ t !y are 9 correct =m to receive ! prop] consid]ation ( ! mo/ exact+ editor4 ,& !y d4 ,9 ! same mail ) 8 script comes "o f a beg9n]4 ,?is unkn[n writ] may h an idea--t mo/ important requisite 9 picture-play writ+--:i* is really fre%] & ev5 bett] ?an t embodi$ 9 ! /ory ( ! exp]i5c$ writ]4 ,b ! m]it ( ! idea is hopelessly conceal$ "u a mass ( mislead+ & unnecess>y language2 ! script is poorly writt5--9 longh&2 x is badly spac$2 spell+1 punctuation1 ev]y?+1 betray ignorance or c>elessness ( :at is expect$ 9 a prop]ly prep>$ script4 ,:at *ance1 !n1 does x /& :5 plac$ beside t ( ! tra9$ writ]8 ,& ^: fault is x8 ,give y\rself a fair *ance4 ,f ! day t y write y\r fir/ photoplay1 write x s c>efully1 prep>e ! script ) s mu* reg>d = ! accept$ rules1 t no editor w be able to po9t to x ) a sigh & exclaim3 ,oh1 well1 x has to be read4 ,"h goes6 ,make x a script t he w dive into ) ke5 anticipation ( f9d+ some?+ z good z its me*anical prep>ation w\ld cause him to expect4 ,we n[ add a numb] ( items ( practical advice4 ,illu/ration3 ,essanay ,produc+ ,y>d2 ,two ,int]ior ,sets ,be+ ,arrang$ = a ,hi/orical ,drama ,illu/ration3 ,play]s ,wait+ = ,_! ,cues 9 ! ,glass-,enclos$ ,selig ,/udio ,,! ,,pap]4 ,?is is an important matt]1 & y %\ld n foll[ y\r own pref]5ce or conv5i5ce4 ,! pap] %\ld be ( regulation ,ms4 7lett]7 size1 #h-a_/b by #aa in*es1 n transp>5t1 & %\ld be pure :ite4 ,! editor pref]s n to exam9e odd sizes :5 he is us$ to ! uni=mity ( ! prop] manuscript pap]4 ,nev] use foolscap1 or #h-a_/b by #ac pap]4 ,! writ] kn[s "o /udio 9 :i* ! diff]5t directors1 all ( :om write photoplays ( _! own1 use ! #h-a_/b by #ac size2 b rememb]1 x is ! director's privilege to write 8 scripts on %op-keep]'s wrapp+ pap] if he s desires4 ,s make x #h-a_/b by #aa4 ,x mu/ be opaque1 because no editor wants to be annoy$ by hav+ ! writ+ on ! second %eet %[ ?r\gh betwe5 ! l9es ( ! fir/1 :5 he is read+ t4 ,t is ! *ief1 & a suffici5t1 reason4 ,a second1 is t ?9 pap] is flimsy & h>d to h&le4 ,x %\ld be :ite1 because t1 too1 is ! common practice4 ,besides1 dull :ite pap] displays ! typewrit+ mo/ cle>ly4 ,we h he>d ( "o photoplay writ] :o uses a buff-color$ pap]1 & :o ma9ta9s t s9ce adopt+ x 8 scripts h receiv$ bett] treatm5t ?an =m]ly2 8 !ory be+ t1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce 9 color1 8 scripts attract$ att5tion & 7 m c>efully h&l$4 ,?is may be true2 b a good grade ( yell[ pap] w co/ y m ?an :ite1 & if :ite1 opaque pap] is good en\gh = ! lead+ photoplay writ]s1 :y n make x y\r pap]8 ,! *eape/ grade ( pap] t is suffici5tly opaque co/s ab\t #a4ej a box1 conta9+ "o ream1 #ejj %eets4 ,! next heavi] co/s ab\t #b4jj a box2 a /ill bett] quality1 a few c5ts m4 ,c]ta9ly "h is a case :]e1 up to a reasonable limit1 ! be/ is ! *eape/4 ,if y take pride 9 y\r "w1 s5d x out well dress$2 b1 no matt] h[ ae/hetic y\r ta/e may be1 nev] use ! %ades ( *]ry1 opal9e1 can>y1 or ,nile gre51 9 :i* c]ta9 grades ( pap] are made4 ,,rules ,,= ,,writ+ ,,! ,,script4 ,in/ead ( simply say+ t ! manuscript %\ld be typewritt51 let u ask once m3 ,if y are 9 e>ne/1 & int5d to succe$1 :y n give y\rself e *ance to ga9 ! editor's att5tion & int]e/ by proclaim+ t y are a bus9ess man z well z a writ]8 ,_m film manufactur]s pla9ly ann\nce t only typ$ scripts w be exam9$4 ,!re=e write ! script ) a typewrit]4 ,today1 :5 _m companies r5t good ma*9es at f #d4jj = ?ree mon?s to #c4jj a mon?1 & :5 y c buy a typewrit] outright = f #ae4jj to #ajj4jj1 ! writ] :o is able to use "o & :o does n d s is simply be+ unfair to himself4 ,any good ma*9e may n[ be _h by pay+ d[n a small sum & ! same am\nt mon?ly = a t]m ( mon?s4 ,s]i\s writ]s %\ld promptly decide to /ep out ( ! amateur class & equip !mselves prop]ly = ! "w4 ,if y wi% to exp]im5t ) y\r tal5ts be=e decid+ to r5t or buy a typewrit+ ma*9e1 !re are pl5ty ( responsible typi/s :o w typewrite y\r script = f #ce c5ts to #ej c5ts p] ?\s& words1 includ+ "o c>bon copy4 ,if y h a typewrit] y w1 ( c\rse1 make at lea/ "o c>bon copy4 ,%\ld ! script y s5d out be lo/ or badly m>r$ 9 any way1 y h ! c>bon f :i* y c make ano!r1 b nev] be s unwise z to s5d out ! c>bon copy itself %\ld ! orig9al be lo/4 ,make a new copy4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 %\ld ! c>bon copy also be lo/1 y w h no?+ left z a record ( y\r /ory--unless y happ5 to h kept y\r notes & r\gh draft4 ,besides1 c>bon copies r>ely look z well z an orig9al script1 & ! editor :o receives a c>bon might n look ^u x ) any great favor--?\gh ?is is ! lea/ valid reason4 ,ano!r important po9t is1 if y\r photoplay is accept$1 y\r copy w s]ve y z a valuable basis = criticism ( y\r own "w1 inasmu* z y c comp>e ! play z writt5 ) ! play z produc$1 obs]v+ :at *anges ! editor & director may h deem$ necess>y4 ,?is practice is foll[$ pretty g5]ally by e>ne/ writ]s ( fiction1 b is applicable also to photoplay writ+1 & %\ld help ! writ]1 aft] see+ 8 play produc$1 to d ev5 bett] "w next "t4 ,= c>bon copies1 almo/ any weight & quality ( pap] w s]ve4 ,a pla9 yell[ or a manilla pap]1 co/+ ab\t #ej c5ts a box ( #ejj %eets1 is v satisfactory4 ,mo/ au?ors :o are us]s ( typewrit]s "k t a black record ribbon is f> sup]ior to a copy+ ribbon4 ,! latt] is likely to smudge or blur & spoil a clean manuscript4 ,aga91 x pays to get a pretty good grade ( c>bon pap]2 ! be/1 9 fact1 is none too good = lit]>y "w ( any k9d4 ,*eap c>bons sme> ! copy & /a9 ! writ]'s f+]s2 besides1 !y h a t5d5cy to make ! copy look z if x 7 cov]$ ) a f9e lay] ( soot or black du/4 ,avoid !m4 ,,g5]al ,,directions4 ,o!r h>d & fa/ rules = ! practice ( photoplay writ+ are3 ,d n write on bo? sides ( ! pap]4 ,d n fa/5 ! %eets ( y\r script ) clips or p9s :i* p]=ate ! pap]2 !re are at lea/ half-a-doz5 k9ds ( pap] clips :i* hold ! %eets firmly )\t p]man5tly fa/5+ !m toge!r4 ,! editor likes to h ! %eets loose :5 read+ ! script4 ,above all1 d n roll y\r script4 ,if x is #h-a_/b by #aa pap]1 z x ought to be1 fold x no m ?an twice4 ,t is :at all writ]s d :o foll[ ! rules4 ,,directions ,,= ,,typ+ ,,! ,,script4 ,:ile x is well to rememb] t ! sugge/ions "h (f]$ are int5d$ = ^? :o type _! own photoplays1 ! same sugge/ions c be made by au?ors to ! pr(essional typi/s to :om !y s5d _! /ories to be prep>$ = ! editor4 ,! editor ( "o company sugge/s t x is be/ always to put y\r "n & address on ea* %eet ( ! manuscript4 ,?is is simply mak+ assurance d\bly sure t ! script w n g a/ray or become mix$ 9 ! editorial (fice1 = w9ds & dropp$ manuscripts sometimes play annoy+ tricks ^u editors1 x ne$ h>dly be said4 ,b at lea/ write y\r "n & address pla9ly 9 ! upp] left-h& corn] ( ! fir/ %eet ( ! synopsis2 !n write x 9 ! same place on ! fir/ %eet ( ! sc5>io2 &1 provid$ y h room--if ! la/ sc5e ( y\r sc5>io does n run cle> to ! bottom ( ! page--also at ! bottom ( ! la/ page ( y\r sc5>io4 ,!n1 fur!r1 write on e o!r page ! title ( y\r photoplay4 ,if x is a %ort title1 write x 9 full4 ,if x %\ld be a long title1 su* z ,:]e ,love is1 ,!re ,god is ,also1 a ,selig release tak5 f ,tol/oy's /ory ( ! same "n1 simply write ,:]e ,love is1 etc4 ,t w be ample to id5tify y\r "w %\ld "o ( ! %eets become sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! script4 ,?us ! editor has y\r "n & address 9 ?ree diff]5t places1 & ) all or "p ( y\r title on ! o!r %eets ( ! script1 !re is little dang] ( any "p go+ a/ray aft] x rea*es 8 h&s4 ,! foll[+ plan = ! actual me*anical prep>ation ( ! ?ree or f\r p>ts ( ! script has be5 approv$ by editors 9 g5]al2 nev]!less1 x is "h (f]$ z a sugge/ion1 n laid d[n z a rule4 ,to foll[ x1 h[ev]1 insures y\r hav+ a neat1 readable script1 "o :i* w cat* ! editor's att5tion z soon z he op5s x4 ,! scale-b> on mo/ /&>d typewrit]s is numb]$ f #j 7! next figure1 ( c\rse1 be+ #a7 to #ge4 ,ea* figure indicates "o space4 ,:5 writ+ y\r "n & address on ! fir/ page ( bo? synopsis & sc5>io1 set y\r left m>g9al /op at #e4 ,:5 ! pap] is pu%$ z f> to ! left ( ! pap]-%ield z x w g1 ?is w give y a left-h& m>g9 ( ab\t #a-c_/af in*es--:i* is q wide en\gh = ! m>g9 on a photoplay script4 ,write y\r "n & address s t ! top l9e w come ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! top ( ! %eet1 &1 keep+ x ev5 ) ! left-h& m>g91 write ! two or ?ree l9es ( ! "n & address directly b5ea? ea* o!r1 & ! o!r mat]ial bel[1 9 ! mann] illu/rat$ on ! succe$+ type-page4 ,frank ,b4 ,/anwood1 #cib ,w4 #fbnd ,/41 ,new ,york ,city4 ,t ,h ,e ,r ,a ,j ,a ,h ' ,s ,h ,e ,i ,r ,dramatic ,photoplay 9 #bg ,sc5es2 #f ,int]ior & #aj ,ext]ior ,sett+s 7,use only "o l9e 9 ,ms47 ,s ,y ,n ,o ,p ,s ,i ,s ,! fir/ %eet ( ! script be+ ! "o on :i* y comm5ce to write y\r synopsis1 fir/ ( all get y\r title neatly spac$4 ,always write y\r title entirely 9 capitals1 leav+ "o space betwe5 ea* lett] ( ea* ^w 9 ! title1 & ?ree spaces betwe5 ea* ^w4 ,say t y\r title conta9s ?ree words1 z ! =ego+4 ,aft] y h writt5 ! fir/ ^w--) a space betwe5 e lett]--! ma*9e w automatically space "o4 ,d n c\nt t z "o1 9 leav+ ! ?ree spaces sugge/$1 b t\* y\r space-b> ?ree times4 ,?is w move ! c>riage back s t ! fir/ lett] ( ! next ^w w be pr9t$ f\r spaces away f ! la/ lett] ( y\r fir/ ^w1 leav+ ?ree spaces betwe54 ,take "o %eet ( y\r typewrit] pap] & keep x z a te/ %eet1 try+ out y\r title-spac+ ?us3 ,write ! complete title1 ) spac+ z sugge/$ above1 once1 gett+ x z ne>ly "r 7) ev5 spaces on ei!r side7 z y c at a good guess4 ,if x is n "r1 space "o l9e d[n on y\r trial %eet & try x aga91 ?is "t a little f>!r to ! "r or left z ! case dem&s4 ,"o or two trials & y w h x z ne>ly ev5 9 m>g9s z x c be made on a typewrit]4 ,?us1 9 a title l ,t ,h ,e ,h ,e ,r ,o ,i ,n ,e ,o ,f ,t ,h ,e ,p ,l ,a ,i ,n ,s y w f9d t to />t ! fir/ ^w at #aa on ! scale-b>1 manag+ ! spac+ z sugge/$1 w get y\r title 9 ! c5tre ( ! page ) practically no v>iation 9 ! two m>g9s4 ,!n1 ab\t an in* bel[ ! title1 write ! descriptive l9es3 ,dramatic ,photoplay 9 #bh ,sc5es2 #e ,int]ior & #ab ,ext]ior ,sett+s z describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,! ,synopsis4 ,ab\t an in* bel[ ?is1 write ! ^w ,s ,y ,n ,o ,p ,s ,i ,s />t+ to write at #bh on ! scale-b>4 ,! ,o 9 ! ^w ,,(1 ! middle ^w ( y\r title1 is ! exact c5tre ( ! title4 ,/>t+ ! ^w ,s ,y ,n ,o ,p ,s ,i ,s on #bh causes ! c5tre ( ?is ^w 7:i* is ! space betwe5 ! ,o & ! ,p7 to fall exactly b5ea? ! c5tre ( ! title4 ,!n1 ab\t #a-a_/b in*es bel[ t1 />t to write y\r /ory 9 synopsis =m4 ,comm5ce y\r p>agraph at #ae1 ind5t+ t5 spaces f ! left m>g94 ,?us ! neatness & bus9esslike appe>ance ( y\r pages w impress ! editor favorably at ! v fir/ glance4 ,foll[ ! same rule :5 typ+ ! sc5>io1 or cont9uity1 & also ! sc5e-plot1 if "o is made4 ,hav+ writt5 y\r synopsis1 if y f9d t y h pl5ty ( room on ! la/ %eet to write y\r ca/ ( *>act]s1 d s2 b d n cr[d x 94 ,if y _c get x 9 s z to look well1 d\ble spac$1 & appe>+ to be1 z x %\ld1 a sep>ate division 7?\gh n necess>ily a sep>ate %eet7 ( ! manuscript1 by all means give x a sep>ate %eet4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is a rule reg>d+ sep>ation ( divisions ( ! script :i* mu/ be obs]v$ 9 e case4 ,y mu/ ,,always />t to write ! sc5>io on a fre% %eet1 no matt] h[ mu* room y h left aft] writ+ y\r ca/4 ,! reason = ?is is simply t1 %\ld y\r sc5>io be 9 prop] %ape = ! director to "w f j z x is1 he wants ! sc5>io sep>ate4 ,hav+ read ! synopsis once or twice1 he is ?r\gh ) x2 :]eas1 :5 work+ on a picture1 ! director sleeps ) ! sc5>io4 ,& n[ a ^w z to ! typ+ ( ! cont9uity1 or sc5>io1 = y %\ld d ev]y?+ 9 y\r p[] s to prep>e x z to make its e ^w quickly & easily und]/ood4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we /rongly recomm5d ! foll[+ me?od = ! me*anical prep>ation ( ! sc5>io3 ,:5 writ+ ! numb] ( y\r fir/ sc5e 7#a71 place ! indicator at #j on ! scale-b>4 ,write all sc5e-numb]s up to #i at ! same po9t4 ,:5 y />t to write sc5e-numb]s conta9+ two figures 7f #aj to z high z y w g7 d s at #j & #a1 respectively4 ,n[ space "o1 !n pr9t ! hyph5 m>k 7:i* w make a %ort da%71 aft] :i* space "o or two1 z ! case may be1 :i* w br+ y to #e on ! scale-b>4 ,at #e />t to write ! descriptive phrase = y\r sc5e4 ,y %\ld also make #e y\r left m>g9al po9t = ! writ+ ( ! body ( y\r action4 ,9 writ+ ! subject matt] ( ea* sc5e1 or division1 ( ! action1 comm5ce ea* new p>agraph at #ae4 ,9 writ+ ,lead]1 ,on scre51 ,lett]1 or any o!r direction int5d$ especially = ! director1 always />t to write at #j on ! scale-b>1 9 a direct d[nw>d l9e ) y\r sc5e-numb]s4 ,! result ( foll[+ ^! sugge/ions w be a neat & attractive type-page1 ^u :i* ! produc] w be able to locate ! sc5e-numb]s & o!r directions at a glance1 z may be se5 f ! foll[+ example3 ,illu/ration3 ,,lead]- ,,five ,,ye>s ,,lat] ,,tom ,,returns ,,home4 #h-,plat=m ( ,railway ,/ation4 ,tra9 pulls 9 & /ops4 ,tom alights4 ,sets grip on gr\nd --feels 9 pocket--produces ,kate's lett]4 ,op5s x & glances at x aga94 ,,on ,,scre51 ,,lett]- ,,de> ,,tom3 ,rememb] y\r promise4 ,we %all be c\nt+ ^u see+ y at ,*ri/mas4 ,don't =- get--etc4 ,,back ,,to ,,sc5e4 ,! fact t e /udio has writ]s on its /aff to make ov] sc5>ios :i* are good b n 9 q ! correct =m = ! director1 into :at are kn[n z work+ scripts1 %\ld make no diff]5ce to y :5 writ+ y\r script4 ,let :at y (f] to ! editor be z p]fect z y c make x1 reg>dless ( :at becomes ( x aft] y h sold x4 ,make x1 9 e s5se1 a desirable script4 ,) reg>d to ! prop] spac+ = a photoplay manuscript1 "s editors pref] s+le & o!rs d\ble spac+4 ,aga91 sometimes an editor may h a fondness = d\ble spac+1 :ile ! director leans to scripts t are s+le-spac$4 ,our exp]i5ce has %[n1 h[ev]1 t ! majority ( editors & directors l s+le spac+ = ! actual subject-matt] ( ! sc5e--! p>agraphs ( action--b d\ble spac+ betwe5 all o!r matt]4 ,!re=e use d\ble space betwe5 a lead] & ! description ( ! sc5e :i* foll[s1 & betwe5 ! description ( ! sc5e & ! action prop]4 ,?is me?od ( spac+1 :5 comb9$ ) ! rule ( plac+ all directions 9 ! extreme left-h& m>g91 results 9 a script t is almo/ sure to be satisfactory1 & is c]ta9ly attractive1 me*anically4 ,9 conclusion1 d n =get t a good typewrit] is a tool ( ! writ]'s trade1 & p]haps ! mo/ important tool ( all4 ,z = ! "q ( :i* is ! be/ typewrit]1 x is entirely a matt] ( op9ion4 ,if y live 9 a small t[n1 :]e !re is no typewrit] ag5t or ag5cy1 see if1 among y\r bus9ess acqua9tances1 !re are n repres5t$ all ! /&>d makes4 ,ask p]mission to exam9e z _m diff]5t makes z y c f9d2 try :at ea* w d2 make up y\r m9d :e!r y pref] ! s+le or ! d\ble keybo>d4 ,if y *oose a ma*9e ) ! s+le keybo>d1 y mu/ get us$ to ! %ift-key sy/em ( pr9t+ capitals1 yet _m writ]s pref] ! s+le keybo>d4 ,if y are buy+ a ma*9e ! mak]s w gladly sub/itute = "o ( ! ne$less *>act]s already on ! keybo>d--su* z --an odd "* = :i* a writ] ( photoplays or ( fiction w\ld h p>ticul> use1 su* z ! exclamation m>k4 ,hav+ a typewrit]1 take c>e ( x4 ,clean ! type regul>ly ) a /iff bru%2 keep x clean$ & oil$2 protect ! plat5 f spots ( oil or grease ( any k9d2 & give ! ma*9e ! g5]al att5tion :i* x des]ves4 ,f all ?is1 x may seem t undue /ress is laid ^u ! neat appe>ance ( ! script1 & ! way x is plann$ f a me*anical viewpo9t4 ,b we re-affirm :at has be5 said at ! op5+ ( ! pres5t *apt]1 &1 9 addition1 we ass]t t n only are neatness & correctness 9 ! prep>ation ( ! script ( importance n[1 b1 9 ! good times to come1 to :i* all photoplay writ]s are look+ =w>d1 ! names t w be featur$ on ! po/]s & 9 ! adv]tis+ matt] ( ! companies w be ! names ( ! writ]s to :om ! big *ecks are paid1 & = ^: "w !re w be a /eady dem&1 & !y w be ! names ( ! writ]s :o consid] x wor? :ile to ,,take ,,pa9s4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,title ,= a few mom5ts1 x w be well to pause 9 ord] to survey ! road we h pati5tly travell$ 9 our ef=ts t[>d writ+ ! photoplay1 & also to look briefly at ! c\rse t lies ahead4 ,9 ! prec$+ six *apt]s we h det]m9$ ! precise mean+ ( ! ^w photoplay2 t\*$ ^u ! qualifications necess>y to success 9 photoplay writ+2 famili>iz$ ourselves ) ! vocabul>y ( ! craft2 look$ briefly at ! p>ts ( ! photoplay script2 exam9$ a complete specim52 & f\nd :at are ! prop] me?ods = its typ+4 ,aft] all ?is f\ndation "w1 conta9+ ! g5]al in=mation & in/ructions necess>y to enable ! photoplaywright to take up intellig5tly ! actual plann+1 build+1 & writ+ ( ! /ory1 we ent] ^u a second gr\p ( discussions1 *apt]s ,,vii to ,,xii1 :i* are ess5tially lessons 9 h[ to write ! photoplay4 ,! ?ird section1 f ,*apt] ,,xiii to ! end1 takes up ! details ( in/ruction & in=mation 9 su* a way z to supplem5t ! ma9 po9ts be=e discuss$--m9or yet really important po9ts :i* are sure to be ( value to ! photoplaywright 9 8 "w ( turn+ out a script t w ne$ little or no *ang+ on ! "p ( ! director or ! /aff-writ]4 #a4 ,importance ( ! ,title ,ne>ly ev]y?+ t has be5 writt5 on ! subject ( titles = novels & %ort-/ories applies q z mu* to titles = regul> plays & ! photodrama4 ,no photoplaywright :o is e>ne/ 9 8 desire to turn out only ! be/ & mo/ orig9al "w %\ld neglect to read ?or\ghly ! *apt] on ,! ,title 9 ea* available book 9 ! li/ ( works on ! writ+ ( ! %ort-/ory 9 ,app5dix ,a1 at ! end ( ?is "w4 ,d n be satisfi$ ) :at has be5 writt5 specially = writ]s ( ! photoplay2 g deep]2 /udy :at has be5 writt5 = fiction writ]s & dramati/s1 & s equip y\rself ?or\ghly4 ,we %\ld l to write at ! beg9n+ & end ( e *apt] ( ?is book ?is rem9d]3 ,only ^? :o are ?or\ghly equipp$ w be able to rema9 9 ! ranks ( photoplaywrights :5 once ! v>i\s manufactur]s h drawn out en\gh compet5t writ]s to keep !m suppli$ ) scripts4 ,!re w always be room = ! compet5t writ]1 b a compet5t writ] he mu/ be4 ,& z "o elem5t 9 compet5cy ?is matt] ( ! title is important1 vitally important1 :5 x comes to sell+ y\r script4 #b4 ,g5]al ,functions ( ! ,title ,! title has = its ma9 function ! adv]tis+ ( ! /ory to ! public4#h ,is n ?is1 ev5 if !re 7 no o!r1 a suffici5t reason = mak+ y\r title z attractive1 int]e/+ & appropriate z y possibly c8 ,true1 !re are ?\s&s ( picture-play patrons :o g to _! favorite !atre night aft] night1 prep>$ to see any?+ t may be %[n = _! ent]ta9m5t4 ,b !re are also ?\s&s :o are n regul> att5dants4 ,_m g only :5 attract$ by ! title ( a picture bas$ on "s well-kn[n book1 poem1 or play4 ,a great _m m are guid$ 9 _! selection ( mov+-picture ent]ta9m5t by ! attractiv5ess ( ! titles display$ on ! po/]s & bann]s ann\nc+ ! regul> daily programs4 ,z a means ( attract+ all su*1 ! adv]tis+ value ( ! title is important4 ,footnote #h3 ,evelyn ,may ,albright1 ,! ,%ort ,/ory4 ,a good title1 ,b>rett has said#i is apt appropriate1 fitt+1 specific conc]n+ itself )1 & n>r[$ d[n to1 some?+ individual en\gh to grip ! att5tion1 attractive int]e/+ & calculat$ to inspire att5tion1 new fre% & unhackney$1 & %ort4 ,! bracket$ comm5ts1 ( c\rse1 are ours4 ,footnote #i3 ,*>les ,raymond ,b>rett1 ,%ort ,/ory ,writ+4 #c4 ,titles to ,avoid ,judg+ f ! titles ( _m doz5s ( scripts t ! writ]s h se5 slipp$ into ! /amp$ address$ envelope enclos$ & s5t back to amateur photoplaywrights1 "o ( ! greate/ mi/akes t ! "y writ] makes 9 8 *oice ( titles is 9 mak+ !m commonplace & un9t]e/+4 ,:5 an editor takes out a script & reads ! title1 ,! ,sad ,/ory ( ,e!l ,h>dy1 w\ld he be altoge!r to blame if he did put ! script back into ! return envelope utt]ly unread1 z s _m editors are accus$ ( do+ yet really d n d8 ,to anyone ) a s5se ( humor1 !re is m cause = m]rim5t 9 ! titles t adorn ! diff]5t /ories t a photoplay editor reads 9 ! c\rse ( a day ?an is to be f\nd 9 a humor\s magaz9e4 ,yet x is z easy = "s writ]s to select a good1 attractive title = _! /ories z x is difficult = o!rs4 ,d n *oose a title t w give away y\r plot4 ,! title %\ld aid 9 su/a9+ int]e/1 n dull ! spectator's att5tion by tell+ h[ x all ends4 ,to quote ,mr4 ,h>ry ,c[ell1 writ+ 9 ,! ,magaz9e ,mak]3 ,a title is a means to an end4 ,! end ( a /ory %\ld ju/ify ! title4 ,if ! title gives ! /ory away1 ! writ] may h to give x away1 too1 or sell x = a song1 :i* is bad bus9ess4 ,let ! title sugge/ ! !me ( ! /ory1 by all means2 b keep y\r climax1 y\r big sc5e1 safely "u cov] until ! mom5t comes to spr+ x ^u ! spectators & leave !m gasp+1 z x 71 at ! v unexpect$ness ( x4 ,avoid titles beg9n+ ) ,h[ or ,:y1 = !y are prone to lead 9 ?is direction4 ,a good exception is ! well-kn[n play1 ,:y ,smi? ,left ,home4 ,if y use a quotation or a motto = a title1 be sure x is n ov]work$4 ,v>iations ( ,! ,way ( ! ,transgressor1 ,& a ,little ,*ild ,%all ,lead ,!m1 ,?\ ,%alt ,n ,kill1 & ,hone/y ,is ! ,be/ ,policy are moss-cov]$4 ,avoid baldly allit]ative titles1 su* z ,! ,deep5+ ( ,desolation1 ,elizabe?'s ,elopem5t1 & ,tom ,truxton's ,tru/4 ,_h n ! ?ree elem5ts m5tion$ 9 ! title1 ,sun1 ,s& & ,solitude1 practically made ! /ory possible1 x w\ld nev] h be5 us$2 ev5 s1 x is really too allit]ative4 ,usually1 ! ov]-use ( allit]ation is artificial & sugge/s a /ra9$ ef=t to be orig9al4 ,= m ?an "o reason1 names1 z titles = photoplays1 are n v desirable1 especially = orig9al /ories4 ,to entitle a photoplay ,&rew ,jackson1 or ,jane ,%ore1 if ! plot is *iefly conc]n$ ) ei!r ( ^? two p]sonages1 is1 ( c\rse1 ! prop] ?+2 b ! class ( hi/orical /ories indicat$ by ^! or simil> titles is usually turn$ out by ! film company's own /aff ( writ]s4 ,once 9 a :ile1 h[ev]1 x happ5s t an orig9al /ory ( mod]n life is writt5 ar\nd "o "* :o s completely dom9ates ! action t ! "n con/itutes ! v be/ title t c\ld be giv5 to x4 ,two good examples ( /ories hav+ names z titles are ,mickey1 9 :i* ,mabel ,norm& play$ ! title role1 & ,innoc5t 7! "n ( ! h]o9e71 produc$ by ,pa! & featur+ ,fannie ,w>d4 ,"o-^w titles are good only :5 !y are especially apt4 ,su* titles z ,jeal\sy1 ,retribution1 ,*a9s1 ,rivals & ,memories h be5 worn ?readb>e4 ,es*ew titles t are gloomy1 z ',! ,sorr[ ( an ,old ,convict1' ,loti2 or old /yle1 ',*ri/ian ,gell]t's ,la/ ,*ri/mas1' ,au]ba*2 or trite1 ',! ,convict's ,return1' ,h>b52 or newspap]y1 ',rescu$ by a ,*ild2' or highly fanta/ic1 ',! ,egyptian ,fire ,eat]1' ,baumba*2 or anecdotal1 ',a ,fi%+ ,trip2' or s5tim5tal1 ',hope1' ,brem]2 or repell5t1 ',a ,memorable ,murd]1' ,?axt]4#aj ,footnote #aj3 ,j4 ,b]g ,es5we91 ,writ+ ! ,%ort-,/ory4 ,! ,am]ican editor1 l ! heiress1 is will+1 anxi\s1 to pay big money = a g5u9e title2 only %e is on ! look\t = an old "o1 he = a new1 says ,mr4 ,h>ry ,c[ell1 9 ,! ,magaz9e ,mak]4 ,& ?\gh he speaks ( titles = fiction /ories1 :at he says exactly fits :5 appli$ to photoplay writ+4 ,aga91 ,mr4 ,c[ell says t ! be/ ( titles1 once us$1 is bad--= re-use1 ( c\rse4 ,mr4 ,epes ,w9?rop ,s>g5t rem>ks3 ,!re are doz5s ( in/ances ( title-duplication to be not$ 9 ! pa/ ye>1 "s ( ! titles be+ us$ m ?an twice4 ,a matt] ( great] mom5t is to avoid duplication ( plot4 ,x is ( /ill great] mom5t to avoid bo?4 ,because he discov]$ t ! ,essanay ,company 0 ab\t to release a picture call$ ,h] ,adopt$ ,fa!r1 a c]ta9 writ] *ang$ ! title ( "o ( 8 /ories f ,8 ,adopt$ ,"m to ,! ,bliss ( ,ignorance4 ,?is avoid$1 n a duplication1 b a too great simil>ity 9 titles2 at ! same "t ! *ange 0 an improvem5t1 :5 "o consid]s ! !me ( ! /ory4 ,z a photoplay au?or1 y %\ld subscribe = "o ( ! trade-pap]s1 if = no o!r reason ?an to keep po/$ on ! titles ( ! v>i\s subjects releas$ by ! diff]5t manufactur]s4 ,9 ?is way y w h a mu* bett] *ance ( avoid+ ! repetition ( titles4 ,x goes )\t say+ t orig9ality 9 a title is only less desirable ?an orig9ality 9 a plot2 yet e n[ & !n "s manufactur] w release a picture ) a title simil> to1 or ev5 q ! same z1 "o already produc$ by "s o!r company4 ,= example1 on ,july #ae?1 "s ye>s ago1 ,lub9 releas$ a picture call$ ,honor ,?y ,fa!r4 ,f\r days lat]1 on ! #ai?1 ,vitagraph put out a picture ) ! same title4 ,yet ?is 0 ! m]e/ co9cid5ce4 ,on ,augu/ #ag? ( ! same ye> ,reliance releas$ ,a ,man ,among ,m51 :ile ,selig's ,a ,man ,among ,m5 0 releas$ ,novemb] #ah?4 ,! plots 7 totally diff]5t1 & ! ,selig /ory 0 writt5 & produc$ 9 ! plant be=e any ann\ncem5t ( ! ,reliance picture 0 made4 ,aga91 on ,janu>y #h1 ( ! next ye>1 ,selig releas$ ,! ,man ,:o ,might ,h ,be54 ,twelve days lat]1 ,edison put on ! m>ket ,! ,man ,he ,might ,h ,be51 by ,james ,opp5heim4 ,! exhibitor is ! "o :o suff]s z a result ( ^! simil>ities 9 titles2 _m p see ! po/] & imag9e !y h se5 ! picture be=e1 n notic+ ! diff]5ce 9 ! make ( film1 & s g else:]e to see "s %[ t is entirely fre% to !m4 ,!re=e keep po/$1 z fully z possible1 z to :at ! manufactur]s are putt+ out4 ,( c\rse ?is matt] ( title-duplication has a be>+1 ?\gh a remote "o1 on titles t are simil> yet n id5tical1 z :5 ,artcraft releases ,wolves ( ! ,rail 7) ,william ,s4 ,h>t7 & ,triangle puts out ,wolves ( ! ,bord] 7) ,roy ,/ew>t74 ,p]haps !re is no valid objection to su* simil>ity1 :i* c be call$ imitation only :5 ! !mes are m or less alike1 b x actually seems to h be5 ! policy ( _m companies to foll[ ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance :5 select+ titles = _! pictures1 us+ a title1 provid$ x is good 9 itself1 & appropriate to ! picture "u consid]ation1 reg>dless ( :e!r or n x is already famili> to ! public z ! title ( ano!r photoplay1 fiction /ory1 or legitimate drama4 ,ne$less to say1 ?is has l$ to a great deal ( confusion--&1 9 "o or two cases1 to law suits4 ,be> 9 m9d t ! titles ( already publi%$ fiction & already produc$ /age plays are n ! lawful prey ( ! photoplaywright m]ely because he is work+ 9 a diff]5t lit]>y field4 ,m ?an "o libr>ian has told u ( ! confusion caus$ by reason ( ,anna ,ka?>9e ,gre5's title1 ,! ,woman 9 ! ,alcove1 hav+ be5 us$ lat] by ano!r popul> woman noveli/4 ,aga91 su* a unique & ?or\ghly di/9ctive title z ,g\v]neur ,morris's ,x has be5 us$ = a v diff]5t type ( %ort-/ory by ano!r writ]4 ,occasionally1 we w admit1 ?is happ5s by ! m]e/ *ance--al?\gh n :5 a c]ta9 motion picture conc]n puts out a picture %[+ life 9 an ,am]ican factory t[n & be>+ ,kipl+'s well-kn[n title ,! ,light ,t ,fail$4 ,y\r lit]>y consci5ce mu/ dictate :at y %\ld d--will+ z we are to admit t !re is1 v frequ5tly1 a great temptation to use ! title already employ$ by ano!r writ] because ( its extreme appropriat5ess to y\r own /ory4 ,x may be said t mo/ photoplay produc+ companies are l$ to use unorig9al titles because ( ! poor & inappropriate titles giv5 ! /ories s5t 9 to !m by ! au?ors !mselves4 ,y\r duty1 !n1 is to help to keep ! produc+ company f go+ wrong 9 ?is respect by supply+ !m ) ! v be/ & mo/ orig9al title y c devise = e /ory ( y\rs :i* y are =tunate en\gh to sell4 #d4 ,:]e to ,look = ,titles ,good titles are ev]y:]e--if y "k h[ to f9d !m4 ,! ,bible1 ,%akespe>e1 all ! poets1 books & plays t y read1 newspap]s1 ev5 adv]tisem5ts on billbo>ds & 9 /reet c>s1 all conta9 ei!r sugge/ions = titles or complete titles1 wait+ only to be pick$ out & us$4 ,b be sure t someone else has n =e/all$ y6 ,say+s1 prov]bs1 & well-kn[n quotations are a fruitful s\rce ( titles1 z we h already intimat$4 ,b sometimes ! real significance & value ( su* a title are n app>5t to a great _m ( ! spectators until !y h witness$ ! climax ( ! picture4 ,?is arises f _! ignorance ( lit]ature & is1 ( c\rse1 _! loss4 ,_m good & extremely appropriate titles ( ?is "* are tak5 f ! ,psalms1 f ,%akespe>e1 & o!r poets4 ,frequ5tly ^! quotations1 us$ z titles1 are s well kn[n1 & _! mean+s s app>5t1 t almo/ e "o ( ! spectators w at once und]/& !m1 & cat* at lea/ ! !me or g5]al drift ( ! /ory f ! title4 ,sometimes1 aga91 ! real significance ( a title is be/ br\ght out by repeat+ x1 or ev5 ! complete quotation f :i* x is tak51 9 ! =m ( a lead] at ! po9t 9 ! action :]e its significance _c fail to be impress$ ^u ! spectators4 ,= example1 a c]ta9 ,selig release 0 entitl$ ,?r\gh ,ano!r ,man's ,eyes4 ,be=e ! next to ! la/ sc5e1 :i* %[$ ! ne'er-d-well lov] pe]+ 9 at ! w9d[1 :ile 8 =m] fri5d b5ds ov] to kiss 8 wife--:o might h be5 ! wife ( ! wayw>d "y man1 _h he be5 made ( diff]5t /uff--! lead] 0 introduc$3 ,h[ bitt] a ?+ x is to look into happ9ess ?r\gh ano!r man's eyes6 --,,%akespe>e1 ,z ,y ,l ,x4 #e4 ,! ,"t to ,*oose a ,title ,not)/&+ t ! title is ! fir/ 9 position on ! writ]'s script1 z well z on ! film z exhibit$1 x is frequ5tly ! la/ ?+ decid$ ^u4 ,a writ] may h 8 !me well 9 h&1 "k e motive ( e "*1 h settl$ to almo/ ! m9ute/ detail j h[ 8 sc5es are go+ to "w out z !y unfold 8 /ory1 yet1 :5 he beg9s 8 fir/ draft ( ! script1 he may n h ! slighte/ idea ( :at title he w ev5tually give x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he may create a /ory f ! title4 ,hav+ hit ^u an expression t sugge/s a /ory by />t+ a tra9 ( ?\ght1 he may f9d t x is directly responsible = ! way 9 :i* he builds 8 plot2 its v words sugge/ ! nature ( ! /ory1 & supply at lea/ a sugge/ion ( h[ x c be develop$--!y h9t at a possible plot1 sugge/ ! sett+1 & %[1 almo/ z "o might guess ! !me ( a novel by glanc+ = a mom5t at "o ( ! illu/rations1 :at ! probable outcome ( ! /ory w be4 ,h5ce ! expression becomes a natural title = ! photoplay4 ,z an example ( ! =ego+1 9 ,! ,fiction ,factory1 by ,john ,milton ,edw>ds1 ! au?or says t ! sun1 s& & solitude ( ! c\ntry ,god =got did1 or caus$1 or made some?+--j :at does n n[ matt]4 ,! po9t is t ^? t5 words suppli$ "o ( ! pres5t au?ors ) n only titles = two ( 8 photoplays1 b ) ! plot-g]m = ! plays !mselves4 ,bo? are /ories ( ,arizona3 ,sun1 ,s& & ,solitude1 & ,9 ! ,c\ntry ,god ,=got4 #f4 ,*oos+ ! ,title ,la/ ,b y may decide to leave ! nam+ ( ! /ory until aft] y h made ! r\gh draft ( bo? synopsis & sc5>io4 ,y\r /ory is told2 y "k ! motives t h prompt$ y\r diff]5t *>act]s to d :at !y h done2 y "k ! sc5e2 & y und]/& ! !me1 or motif--z ! ^w w\ld be us$ 9 music--:i* und]lies ! :ole action4 ,! "q arises3 ,to :at d y wi% to h y\r title call p>ticul> att5tion8 ,if a woman1 or a girl1 has ! lead+ "p1 & x is :at %e does 9 y\r play t really makes ! /ory1 x w\ld be be/ to feature ! girl & h] de$ ( clev]ness or d>+ 9 y\r title1 z 9 ,! ,ran* ,girl's ,h]oism1 ,a ,daught]'s ,diplomacy1 or ,a ,wife ( ! ,hills4 ,or y may atta* mo/ importance to ! locale ( y\r /ory1 ! backgr\nd aga9/ :i* ! re/ ( y\r picture is pa9t$1 & call x1 = in/ance1 ,a ,trag$y ( ! ,des]t1 ,9 ! ,nor? ,woods1 ,a ,tale ( ,old ,tahiti1 or "o ( ! titles ( ,arizona /ories1 j cit$4 ,aga91 ! int]e/ 9 y\r /ory may be equally divid$ betwe5 two1 or among ?ree1 p1 z 9 ,! ,triangle1 ,! ,girl & ! ,inv5tor1 & ,! ,cobbl] & ! ,f9anci]4 ,note t e title "h giv5 is ! actual title ( a picture play :i* has already be5 releas$4 ,be> 9 m9d1 too1 t _m photoplays are releas$ be>+ poor1 commonplace1 & inappropriate titles1 & ! =ego+ are n s mu* nam$ z models z = ! purpose ( illu/rat+ ! specific po9t n[ be+ discuss$--t ! feature idea may (t5 direct y\r *oice aft] ! /ory is work$ out4 ,a great _m com$ies h titles :i* /ate a fact1 or specifically make an ann\ncem5t conc]n+ :at happ5s 9 ! photoplay1 z ,arabella ,loves ,h] ,ma/]1 or ,billy ,becomes ,m5tally ,d]ang$4 ,photoplays ) su* titles are1 z a rule1 ! product ( ! ,european mak]s4 ,once 9 a :ile a dramatic picture w be giv5 su* a title1 z ,tommy ,saves ,8 ,little ,si/]--a picture made 9 ,france--& ,annie ,crawls ,up/airs1 ! la/ a beautiful & t\*+ picture by ! well-kn[n writ] ( magaz9e /ories & photoplays1 ,james ,opp5heim1 produc$ by ! ,edison ,company4 ,aga91 !re are m g5]al titles exploit+ ! !me ( ! /ory1 z ,! ,ways ( ,de/9y1 ,! ,god ,)91 & ,intol]ance4 ,!re are also symbolical titles1 :i* h1 naturally1 a d\ble mean+1 play+ ^u an incid5t 9 ! plot1 z ,a ,pe>l ( ,great] ,price1 & ,writt5 9 ! ,s&4 #g4 ,! ,editor & ! ,title ,"s successful writ]s h express$ dissatisfaction :5 editors h v5tur$ to *ange ! titles ( _! scripts aft] hav+ accept$ & paid = !m4 ,d\btless "s ( ^! objections h be5 n )\t reason4 ,_m editors & directors h1 9 ! pa/1 tak5 entirely too mu* ^u !mselves1 9 ?is & o!r respects tak+ lib]ties ) ! scripts receiv$ :i*1 if kn[n to ! head ( ! firm1 w\ld h l$ to _! be+ at lea/ reprim&$4 ,b 9 su* /udios1 ! editors1 & especially ! directors1 work$ = days at a "t )\t hav+ once come 9 contact ) ! head ( ! firm2 z a result1 !y all did pretty mu* z !y lik$4 ,dur+ ! la/ few mon?s1 h[ev]1 *anges h be5 made 9 e /udio 9 ! c\ntry1 & at ! pres5t "t ! scripts t writ]s s5d 9 are n only h&l$ mu* m c>efully1 b1 if ! title ( a /ory is *ang$ 9 ! /udio1 !re is usually a v good reason = s do+4 ,let u suppose1 = example1 t a c]ta9 company 7su* z1 at ?is writ+1 ,goldwyn7 is featur+ wom5 />s only4 ,a writ] s5ds 9 an unusually good script entitl$ ,n ,l ,o!r ,girls--:i*1 by ! way1 is a well-kn[n book-title4 ,at ab\t ! "t t 8 script is receiv$ at ! ,goldwyn sc5>io dep>tm5t1 ! company decides to feature1 9 addition to its wom51 a c]ta9 male />4 ,?is writ]'s /ory1 :ile "o ) a woman lead1 is also "o ^: plot is capable ( be+ work$ ov] & slightly alt]$ s z to provide a good vehicle = ! lead+ man :o has j be5 engag$4 ,on ! /r5g? ( ?is fact1 ! company buys ! au?or's /ory )\t ev5 in=m+ him ( _! int5tion to make alt]ations 9 x--or !y may1 ( c\rse1 tell him ( ! contemplat$ alt]ations & reque/ 8 help 9 reca/+ ! /ory4 ,n only is ! action *ang$ 9 diff]5t ways1 b ! title is sure to be alt]$ to make x appropriate = a male lead+ "*--& all q ju/ifiably4 ,9 ?is condition ( affairs1 by no means infrequ5t1 ! photoplaywright may f9d a /rong reason = be+ famili> ) ! p compos+ a c]ta9 company1 = ! actual /ructure ( ! play z well z ! title w influ5ce its acceptance 9 "s in/ances4 ,x is well to ask3 ,are m5 or wom5 featur$ 9 _! pictures2 or d !y put out /ories ) a male & a female lead ( equal /r5g?8 ,y\r /ory %\ld be good en\gh to make x acceptable to any editor2 yet1 if y plan to s5d x fir/ to a firm t features a woman 9 mo/ ( its pictures1 z y h ! opportunity ( kn[+ if y /udy ! pictures y see on ! scre5 & read ! trade-pap]s1 d n write a /ory ) a /rong male lead1 & d n give x a title t draws att5tion to ! fact t ! pr9cipal "* is a man4 ,rememb]1 once aga91 t y\r title is ! adv]tisem5t t draws ! public into ! !atre4 ,! title is to ! public :at ! title comb9$ ) ! synopsis is to ! editor--! all-important introduction to :at is to foll[4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,synopsis ,,( ,,! ,,plot ,! synopsis is a brief--a cle>1 ord]ly outl9e--( ! plot ( y\r /ory4 ,h[ev]1 be=e consid]+ ! prep>ation ( ! synopsis1 "o important elem5t mu/ be consid]$3 #a4 ,:at ,con/itutes a ,plot#aa ,a fictional or a dramatic plot is ! work+ plan by :i* ! /ory is made to lead up to ! crisis 7or complication1 or cross-roads ( *oice71 & !n swiftly d[n to ! outcome 7or unfold+ ( ! my/]y1 or unty+ ( ! knot1 or result ( ! *oice74 ,footnote #aa3 ,! /ud5t is advis$ to read ,! ,plot ( ! ,%ort ,/ory1 ,h5ry ,alb]t ,phillips2 & ! *apt]s on plot 9 ! foll[+ treatises3 ,! ,%ort ,/ory1 ,evelyn ,may ,albright2 ,! ,contempor>y ,%ort ,/ory1 ,h>ry ,t4 ,bak]2 ,a ,h&book on ,/ory ,writ+1 ,blan*e ,colton ,williams2 ,%ort ,/ories 9 ! ,mak+1 ,rob]t ,wilson ,neal2 ,! ,art ( ,/ory ,writ+1 ,es5we9 & ,*amb]s2 & ,writ+ ! ,%ort-,/ory1 ,j4 ,b]g ,es5we94 ,!re c be no real plot )\t a complication ^: explanation is work$ out z ! /ory draws to its close4 ,a m]e *a9 ( happ5+s :i* d n involve "s *ange or ?reat5$ *ange 9 ! "*1 ! welf>e1 ! de/9ies ( ! lead+ p1 w\ld n =m a plot4 ,jack goes to college1 /udies h>d1 makes ! football team1 enjoys ! companion%ip ( 8 classmates1 indulges 9 a few pranks1 & returns home--!re is no plot "h1 ?\gh !re is pl5ty ( plot mat]ial4 ,b s5d ,jack to college1 & h him !re f9d an old enemy1 & at once a /ruggle beg9s4 ,?is gives u a complication1 a mix-up1 a crisis2 & ! work+ out ( t /ruggle con/itutes ! plot4 ,s all dramatic & all fictional plots give ! idea ( a /ruggle1 m or less def9itely set =?4 ,! /ruggle ne$ n be bodily2 x may take place m5tally betwe5 two p--ev5 betwe5 ! =ces ( good & evil 9 ! s\l ( an individual4 ,! importance ( ! /ruggle1 ! cle>ness ) :i* x is %[n to ! spectator1 & ! sympa!tic or ev5 ! horrifi$ fasc9ation :i* x ar\ses 9 him1 h all to d ) its effectiv5ess z a plot--note ! ?ree italiciz$ words4 #b4 ,elem5ts ( ,plot ,divid+ ! subject r\ghly1 9 ?is brief discussion1 ?ree important elem5ts ( plot des]ve consid]ation3 7a7 ,! prelim9>ies mu/ be natural1 int]e/+1 fre%1 & vivid4 ,t is1 !y mu/ n seem manufactur$4 ,x is all well en\gh to say t ,jack has made an enemy at ,college1 b h[ did ! enmity arise8 ,! "y m5 w n become oppon5ts m]ely to suit ! photoplaywright4 ,y mu/ ?9k out "s natural1 int]e/+1 fre%1 & vivid cause = ! antagonism4 ,su* a logical basis = action is call$ motivation4 ,& s ) all ! prelim9>ies on :i* y\r plot is bas$--!y mu/ motivate :at foll[s4 ,rememb] t =ces or p]sons outside ! two *>act]s may lead !m to qu>rel4 ,swiftly b c>efully lay y\r f\ndations 7mo/ly out ( sight1 9 ! mann] ( a good build]7 s t y\r build+ may be solid & /eady--s t y\r /ory may n fall because ! gr\ndwork ( ! plot does n appeal to ! spectator z be+ natural1 conv9c+1 int]e/+1 fre%1 & vivid2 ^! words be> reit]ation4 7b7 ,! complication1 or /ruggle1 includ+ all its imm$iately surr\nd+ ev5ts1 mu/ be 7usually7 surpris+1 ( deep conc]n to ! *ief "*1 & ar\se ! anxiety ( ! spectator z to h[ ! h]o w ov]come ! ob/acles4 ,jack discov]s t ! girl he has j le>n$ to love is ! well-lov$ si/] ( 8 college enemy4 ,h[ w ?is complication "w out8 ,an int]e/+ s]ies ( movem5ts & c\nt]-movem5ts imm$iately becomes possible1 & any numb] ( amus+ or pa!tic circum/ances may arise to br+ ab\t ! d5\em5t--:i* simply means ! unty+ ( ! knot4 ,! /ruggle 9 a plot may be ei!r comical or tragic4 ,mr4 ,botts ludicr\sly fights aga9/ a black-h& enemy--:o proves to be 8 mis*iev\s small son4 ,plump & fussy ,mrs4 ,jellif] lays deep b always transp>5t plans to outwit h] daught]'s suitor & is f9ally entrapp$ into s laughable a situation t %e yields gracefully 9 ! end4 ,& s on indef9itely4 ,hamlet w>s aga9/ 8 hesitat+ nature4 ,macbe? /ruggles ) 8 consci5ce t re9c>nates ! murd]$ ,banquo4 ,s5tim5tal ,tommy fights 8 own play-actor "*4 ,tito ,melema goes d[n b5ea? ! weight ( 8 accumulat$ ins9c]ities4 ,sometimes light %9es 9 ! end1 sometimes ! h]o w9s only to die4 ,to be sure1 ^! /ruggles sugge/ m]ely a s+le idea1 :]eas plots (t5 become v elaborate & conta9 ev5 sub-plots1 c\nt]-plots1 & add$ complications ( all sorts4 ,b ! basis is ! same1 & always 9 "s =m /ruggle p]vades ! drama2 always ?is /ruggle ranges ! subord9ate *>act]s = or aga9/ protagoni/ & antagoni/1 & ! outcome is vitally "p & sub/ance ( all t goes be=e--! end 0 s[n :5 ! se$s ( ! beg9n+ 7 plant$4 ,?is t\*es ^u ! ?ird elem5t3 7c7 ,! ,d5\em5t1 or disclosure ( ! plot j be=e its close1 is "o ( its mo/ vital p>ts4 ,novelty & int]e/ 9 ! situations ?r\gh\t ! /ory1 ) an increas+ int]e/ 9 ! d5\em5t1 are ! ess5tial dem&s ( a plot4#ab ,footnote #ab3 ,evelyn ,may ,albright1 ,! ,%ort ,/ory4 ,x goes )\t say+ t y mu/ int]e/ y\r audi5ce1 b y mu/ also satisfy !m--gratify ! curiosity y h e>li] ar\s$4 ,x is all v well to write an absorb+ /ory1 9 :i* ! excitem5t & expectation are su/a9$ up to ! v la/ sc5e1 b be sure t ! !me is ess5tially su* t 9 ! la/ sc5es1 if n be=e1 y\r action w unravel ! knot t has become s tantaliz+ly tangl$ z ! play proce$$4 ,no matt] h[ promis+ a !me may be 9 o!r respects1 x is =$oom$ to failure if f x comes a plot ( :i* ! spectator w say z he goes out1 ,x 0 a pretty picture--b ,i c\ldn't und]/& ! end+4 ,ano!r ?+3 ,if x is important t1 9 e case1 ! spectators mu/ be %[n :at happ5s 9 ! work+ out ( a plot1 x is equally important t !y be %[n :y x happ5s4 ,?is also has to d ) s\nd & compreh5sible motivation4 ,x is n s mu* a case ( '%[ me1' ) ! av]age ,am]ican1 z a common recognition t !re mu/ be a reason = ! exi/5ce ( ev]y?+ creat$4 ,he is incl9$ to give e play a fair %[1 w sit pati5tly ?r\gh a lot ( /ra9+ = effect1 if !re is a raison d'etre 9 ! summ+ up1 b 8 mode ( ?\ght1 & x belongs to ! con/itution ( ! race1 is t ( gett+ at "s tru? by v5turesome exp]im5t or logical demon/ration4#ac ,footnote #ac3 ,l\is ,reeves ,h>rison1 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w4 ,be> t tru? 9 m9d1 no matt] :at y write (1 & nev] />t any?+ t y c't f9i%--:i* is simply "o way ( say+1 d n />t to write a /ory at all until y h e sc5e1 situation1 & incid5t1 s ?or\ghly plann$1 motivat$ & develop$ 9 y\r m9d t :5 y come to write x out 9 action 9 ! sc5>io y _c help mak+ ! audi5ce und]/& ! plot4 ,nev] attempt to introduce ev5 a s+le situation )\t a logical cause2 be sure t !re's a reason4 ,break away f ! old l9es1 advises ,mr4 ,nehls1 ( ! ,am]ican ,company4 ,try to write sc5>ios t w hold ! int]e/ ) a n too obvi\s end+1 ) sudd51 unexpect$ *anges 9 ! tr5d ( ! /ory4 ,if ! /ory conta9s a my/]y1 d n all[ ! end to be guess$ too soon4 ,int]e/ ?rives on susp5se & on expectation4 ,! surpris+ ?+1 yet ! natural end+1 swiftly br\ght ab\t1 m>ks ! climax ( a good photoplay plot4 ,_m a promis+ photoplay script has fail$ because x did n make good its prophecy4 ,! plot op5$ well1 b pet]$ out--! complication 0 a good "o1 b ! unfold+ ( ! my/]y1 ! result ( ! /ruggle1 ! aft]ma? ( ! *oice1 7 disappo9t+4 ,& "o f9al ^w 9 ?is connection3 ,! photoplay public loves a happy end+--unless x mu/ be =c$4 #c4 ,! ,/udy ( ,plot-,/ructure ,a c>eful /udy ( fictional & dramatic plot w well repay ! photoplaywright4 ,b little m c be said "h on ! te*nique ( plot1 ?\gh x des]ves a treatise 9 itself2 b mu* w be ga9$ if ^! few words are tak5 s]i\sly1 & no /ories are submitt$ except ^? revolv+ ab\t ,,orig9al1 ,,cle>-,,cut1 ,,plausible ,,situations ,,%[+ ,,! ,,lives ,,( ,,human ,,be+s ,,9 ,,_! ,,h\r ,,( ,,crisis1 ,,& ,,work+ ,,out ,,! ,,aft]-,,results ,,( ,,t ,,crisis ,,) ,,lively1 ,,dramatic ,,human ,,int]e/4 ,?is advice applies ev5 to humor1 = humor takes ?+s :i* are ord9>ily s]i\s & by introduc+ ! incongru\s makes !m laughable4 ,x is ! sudd5 int]ruption ( smoo? go+1 ! unexpect$ %ift+ ( ! factors 9 ! problem1 ! new & surpris+ condition ( affairs1 ! swift disappo9tm5t--x is any ( ^! 9 c\ntless v>iety t makes plot possible4 ,le>n to inv5t plots4 ,inv5t !m :olesale--by day1 by night4 ,turn ! facts ( ev]yday life into plots4 ,draw !m f je/s1 f trag$ies1 f newspap]s1 f books1 f y\r own he>t--& don't omit ! he>t1 :atev] else y d omit4 ,at fir/1 inv5t m]ely complications2 lat] "w out ! situation entire4 ,?us y w cultivate an inv5tive attitude & at lea/ "s good plots are sure to result4 #d4 ,prep>ation ( ! ,synopsis ,! synopsis ( ! plot is ! fir/ "p ( ! script to be read by ! editor1 = f x he decides :e!r ! :ole script is wor? read+ fur!r4 ,= ?is reason1 ev5 7 !re no o!r1 ! importance ( ! synopsis %\ld ne$ no argum5t4 ,besides1 _m companies n[ are will+ to consid] synopsis only4 ,! f9al prep>ation ( ! synopsis %\ld be ! la/ /roke 9 ! completion ( ! script4 ,we emphasize f9al because1 z has be5 briefly po9t$ out 9 a previ\s *apt]1 ! writ] %\ld at ! v out/>t draft a r\gh1 or work+1 synopsis1 to be us$ z a guide :ile work+ out ! v>i\s sc5es 9 8 sc5>io4 ,! reasons = res]v+ ! synopsis = improv+ & poli%+ at ! v end ( ! writ+ may easily be und]/ood4 ,suppose an au?or 7 to write ! complete synopsis ( 8 /ory fir/1 & !n 9 writ+ 8 sc5>io foll[ t synopsis rigidly1 add+ no sc5e n indicat$ 9 x1 introduc+ no "* t x does n m5tion1 & o!rwise be+ b\nd by 8 e>li] "w4 ,he might inde$ produce a good sc5>io1 b w\ld x be q z good z x might h be5 _h he all[$ himself a fre] re9 9 work+ x out8 ,might !re n h be5 a sc5e or two add$ t w\ld h aid$ mat]ially 9 mak+ e little detail ( 8 plot cle> to ! spectators8 ,aga91 a writ] w frequ5tly f9d1 :5 work+ out 8 sc5>io1 t he c improve 8 /ory by transpos+ "s ( ! sc5es z orig9ally plann$4 ,9 fact1 !re are a doz5 ways 9 :i* ! /ory may be alt]$ = ! bett] :ile 9 c\rse ( con/ruction4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld ! au?or hamp] himself by ob/9ately adh]+ to 8 orig9al plan or synopsis ( x8 ,9 photoplay writ+ an au?or %\ld n promise himself nev] to *ange 8 m9d4 ,an exp]i5ce ( a c]ta9 writ] w s]ve to illu/rate ! impracticability ( writ+ ! f9al =m ( ! synopsis fir/4 ,a few ye>s ago1 :5 all editors 7 ask+ = ! complete script1 & :5 mo/ companies 7 insi/+ ^u a synopsis ( approximately two hundr$ & fifty words1 ! editor ( a company = :i* he writes sugge/$ t1 in/ead ( prep>+ ! complete script be=e submitt+ x1 ! au?or %\ld m]ely write out 8 synopsis 9 ! usual way & s5d t 94 ,if ! synopsis 0 satisfactory1 8 be+ told to g ahead & f9i% ! script w\ld mean t ! /ory 0 z good z pur*as$4 ,appreciat+ ?is k9dness1 ?ree synopses 7 submitt$ by ! writ]1 & two ( !m accept$2 ! ?ird 0 = c]ta9 reasons unavailable4 ,x 0 necess>y1 !n1 to write out & s5d 9 ! sc5>ios = ! two satisfactory synopses1 & ! au?or />t$ 94 ,not)/&+ t ! firm 9 "q places no re/riction on ! numb] ( words 9 ! synopsis ( scripts submitt$ to !m1 & t ?is au?or1 = t reason1 seldom s5t 91 ev5 9 ^? days1 a synopsis ( less ?an a ?\s& words1 giv+ ! !me & details ( ! plot1 he f\nd t 9 work+ out ! sc5>ios ( bo? /ories ! orig9al plots c\ld be improv$1 /r5g!n$1 giv5 a m decid$ pun*1 by mak+ "s *anges4 ,9 "o1 he add$ a "* & transpos$ sev]al sc5es1 !reby /r5g!n+ ! :ole plot4 ,9 ! o!r1 elim9ation ( two sc5es ( m9or importance made x possible = ! director to give m footage to a big sc5e4 ,^! *anges be+ made 9 ! sc5>ios1 ! orig9al synopses c\ld n be us$4 ,x 0 !re=e necess>y to write two new ones :i* correspond$ ) ! sc5>ios t w5t ) !m4 ,?us ! orig9al synopses ( ! two accept$ /ories really am\nt$ to no?+ m ?an work+1 or fir/-draft1 synopses4 #e4 ,l5g? ( ! ,synopsis ,h[ _m words %\ld be all[$ = ! writ+ ( a synopsis /ill rema9s a matt] ( op9ion4 ,almo/ e writ] wi%es t he c\ld use1 )9 reason1 an unlimit$ numb]4 ,! acceptance or rejection ( ! script dep5ds s almo/ entirely ^u ! int]e/ ! editor takes 9 ! synopsis1 t x unju/ly hamp]s a writ] to be limit$ 9 ! numb] ( words he may use4 ,?is is peculi>ly true if ! plot %\ld happ5 to be "o t requires ! explanation ( sev]al m9or1 yet important1 details ( ! /ory4 ,& ev5 ?\gh y are s5d+ to a company t asks = ! complete script1 y mu/ be> 9 m9d t "s editors base _! decisions :olly ^u :at !y get f ! synopsis4 ,on ! o!r h&1 m scripts suff] f hav+ ! synopses loosely & wordily writt5 ?an f be+ ov]-compress$4 ,! "y writ] especially _c be too c>eful 9 drill+ himself 9 ! art ( cle>-cut1 concise1 yet effective expression4 ,to be able to tell a /ory 9 outl9e1 us+ few b vivid words1 is an art wor? cultivat+4 ,h[ev]1 n[ t ! m>ket has exp&$ f "o to five1 & ev5 m1 reels1 ! limit ( words is n s closely drawn4 ,inde$1 today1 :e!r ! /udio is "o t asks = ! complete script or insi/s ^u exam9+ ! synopsis only1 y may almo/ feel safe 9 s5d+ 9 a synopsis conta9+ j z _m words z are really ne$$--:i* means1 simply1 t ! editor's fir/ consid]ation is to be able to get y\r :ole /ory f "o read+ ( y\r synopsis1 :atev] its l5g?4 ,x %\ld be concise2 x mu/ be cle> & readily und]/&able4 ,a busy editor has no "t to wa/e 9 re-read+ c]ta9 p>agraphs or ev5 s5t5ces ! mean+ ( :i* is obscure4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s to rememb] is t c]ta9 companies s5d out ! call = synopsis only because !y pref] to h _! /aff writ]s d ! cont9uity ( sc5es 7write ! sc5>io71 in/ead ( accept+ ! sc5>io prep>$ by ! au?or & ^u occasion1 alt]+ x 9 ! /udio to suit _! special requirem5ts4 ,:y s _m conc]ns pref] to d ?is is easily und]/ood4 ,in/ead ( cutt+ up ! orig9ally submitt$ sc5>io & sub/itut+ diff]5t sett+s or locations1 & p]haps1 ev51 diff]5t l>ge & difficult-to-obta9 props1 !y simply provide ! /aff writ] ) ! synopsis ( ! /ory pur*as$ f y1 & tell him to g ahead & prep>e ! cont9uity1 kn[+ z he does1 & keep+ 9 m9d :ile at "w1 to j :at approximate exp5se ! company is prep>$ to g1 j :at sets are available or c be built1 :at necess>y locations c be rea*$ )9 a reasonable "t1 & :at play]s--especially if !y mu/ be di/9ctive types--are 9 ! company or may be readily engag$4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 are matt]s ov] :i* ! outside writ] c h no control2 if he is sell+ to a conc]n t dem&s ! synopsis only1 he mu/ make up = :at he does n "k ab\t ! inside work+s ( ! /udio by giv+ ! editor & 7especially7 ! /aff writ] e ne$$ detail ( 8 plot4 ,only by s do+ c he feel sure ( ev5tually see+ ! /ory on ! scre5 9 ! =m ( an arti/ic & satisfactory work+ out ( 8 orig9al idea4 ,"s companies t reque/ ! synopsis only also l ! writ] to submit two synopses4 ,! fir/1 = ! special b5efit ( ! editor1 & %ort] ?an ! two-hundr$-&-fifty-^w synopsis ( a few ye>s ago1 is int5d$ to %[ ! editor or 8 read] almo/ at a glance if ! /ory is :at t p>ticul> company c\ld use at all4 ,! second synopsis1 ( c\rse1 is ! long] & m detail$ "o f :i* bo? he & ! /aff man c get all ! necess>y details if y\r /ory is pur*as$4 ,by read+ ! m>ket dep>tm5ts ( su* magaz9es z ,! ,writ]'s ,mon?ly1 & ! v>i\s trade j\rnals1 y c keep po/$ z to :i* conc]ns l ?is d\ble synopsis4 ,= y\r own good1 always obs]ve ! rule if ! company lays x d[n1 & rememb] t x is an easy matt] to make a brief synopsis f ! long] "o already prep>$4 ,aga91 :ile x is also necess>y to obs]ve /rictly ! rule ( s5d+ ! synopsis only to companies t dem& x1 "o ( ! pres5t writ]s has f\nd t _m firms welcome ! au?or's cont9uity1 aft] ! /ory has be5 pur*as$ on ! /r5g? ( its synopsis1 = ! sake ( ! f9] details ( action & ! te*nical & me*anical sugge/ions conta9$ 9 x1 & ev5 ?\gh !y use x m]ely z an additional aid to ! /aff writ] 9 prep>+ 8 cont9uity4 ,su* a company1 ( c\rse1 m]ely gives ! writ] a c\rte\s ?ank y = 8 cont9uity1 z contra/$ ) ^? t pay a c]ta9 am\nt = ! synopsis &1 usually1 d\ble t am\nt if ! sc5>io also is call$ =2 b ! e>ne/ writ] has ! satisfaction ( kn[+ t1 ) ! additional details suppli$ 9 ! sc5>io1 or cont9uity1 ! /aff writ] /&s an ev5 bett] *ance ( p]fectly prep>+ ! blue pr9t1 z x 71 ( ! /ory f :i* ! director w "w :ile build+ ! photoplay4 ,^! ?+s be+ s1 ?is writ] works along ! foll[+ l9es3 ,f a r\gh draft1 or work+ synopsis1 he prep>es ! complete sc5>io1 j z he w\ld d = a company t 0 hav+ a /ory done to ord]4 ,to ?is1 9 any case1 mu/ be atta*$ a synopsis4 ,he !re=e writes a v complete1 detail$ synopsis1 prep>+ x 9 ! mann] :i* w pres5tly be describ$4 ,9 addition1 x is a v simple matt] to write a synopsis ( f "o hundr$ & fifty to two hundr$ & fifty words1 accord+ to ! /ory1 & h x ready 9 case he f9ds x advisable to submit to a two synopses reque/$ conc]n4 ,n[1 :e!r ! company is or is n "o ( ^? t w accept ! au?or's own cont9uity z an additional guide = ! /aff writ]1 if x is a conc]n t asks = a complete1 detail$ synopsis1 ?is writ] s5ds 9 :at he has m ?an once humor\sly t]m$ a cam\flag$ cont9uity4 ,he does n1 s to speak1 s5d 9 ! plot ( action--! full cont9uity--) ! te*nical directions & sc5e numb]s left out1 b a g5u9e1 specially-writt5 synopsis1 9 prop] n>rative =m4 ,h[ev]1 x is writt5 directly f 8 own complete1 detail$ cont9uity1 & ! action1 ?\gh 9 n>rative =m1 is made to run along exactly z x does 9 ! cont9uity4 ,?is1 x may be said1 is almo/ ! same process :i* 0 foll[$ by writ]s a few ye>s ago1 :5 complete scripts 7 fir/ 9 dem&1 & :i* we advocate e>li] 9 ! pres5t *apt]4 ,b y mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! me?od "h outl9$ is us$ 9 connection ) ! writ+ ( a synopsis ( f ?ree ?\s& to six ?\s& words1 or ev5 m1 if really necess>y1 z contra/$ ) ! two-hundr$-&-fifty-^w synopsis g5]ally dem&$ a few ye>s ago4 ,fur!rmore1 ! synopsis is writt5 9 su* a way t anyone c\ld sep>ate ?is writ]'s s5t5ces & p>agraphs by draw+ a lead p5cil betwe5 ! l9es1 ?us divid+ x into almo/ ! exact numb] ( sc5es1 ) ! same cont9uity ( action z %[n 9 ! sc5>io4 ,! m9or details ( action are omitt$1 ( c\rse1 & !re are little side rem>ks writt5 91 9 connection ) *>act]ization1 etc41 :i* w\ld be out ( place 9 ! sc5>io4 ,z = its me*anical prep>ation1 ?is synopsis is d\ble spac$1 ) a left-h& m>g9 ( "o & "o-half in*es4 ,z ! /ory runs on1 _m /atem5ts are made :i* give ! /aff writ] an opportunity to use a lead] 7sub-title7 at t po9t if he wi%es to2 b if 9 8 own sc5>io ! writ] ^: practice we are quot+ has a numb] ( lead]s 7frequ5tly ord9>y /atem5t1 or be=e-!-sc5e1 sub-titles1 b usually cut-91 or dialogue1 lead]s7 :i* he really feels are ( special importance1 & word$ j "r1 !y g into ! synopsis writt5 9 r$1 & />t$ 9 ! left m>g9 at #j1 ) d\ble space bo? above & bel[ !m4 ,9 ?is way !y /& out cle>ly & give ! /aff writ] or ! sub-title editor 7if ! firm employs someone to att5d to t special "w71 a *ance to pick !m out quickly & decide :e!r or n he wi%es to reta9 !m4 ,ev5 m important ?an ! matt] ( keep+ 9 ! sub-titles aft] ! picture has be5 produc$ is t ( direct+ ! action ( ! play]s :5 putt+ on ! picture1 s z to "w directly up to ! lead] t fits into ! action at a c]ta9 po9t4 ,kn[+ ?is fact1 ! writ] gives ! director help 9 ! way j describ$2 :at necess>y *anges are made aft] ! script has be5 sold is a matt] ov] :i* no free-lance writ] has any real control4 ,at ! end ( ?is *apt] is reproduc$ a page f "o ( ?is same writ]'s synopses1 illu/rat+ j h[ f> he usually goes 9 giv+ details ( ! action :5 writ+ a complete synopsis1 & %[+ h[ ! sugge/$ ins]ts are sep>at$ f ! n>rative ( plot4 ,let u repeat1 h[ev]1 t n all companies t ask = ! detail$ synopsis c>e to h also ! sc5>io1 ev5 z a gift4 ,?is expla9s ! introduction ( little bits ( detail & c]ta9 sugge/ions :i* ord9>ily w\ld h no place 9 ! synopsis 7 x n t1 9 ord] to insure z fully z possible ! prop] int]pretation ( 8 /ory1 ! writ] ins]ts !m 9 ?is way = ! b5efit ( bo? editor &--especially--/aff writ]4 ,! importance ( try+ to acqua9t y\rself ) ! pref]5ces ( ! diff]5t editors z to ! l5g? ( ! synopsis %\ld be app>5t to any writ]--al?\gh x is well to rememb] t editors *ange & /udio rules *ange ) !m4 ,= a feature-/ory ( five reels or m y may h1 say1 f six to twelve typ$ pages--! l5g? ( ! synopsis1 ( c\rse1 dep5d+ ^u ! nature ( ! /ory & ! action x conta9s4 ,y mu/ be especially c>eful to asc]ta9 ! pref]5ces ( an editor :o reads scripts = a /> su* z ,d\glas ,fairbanks1 because y "k t a /ory prep>$ especially = 8 use 7al?\gh n writt5 to ord]7 may n sell else:]e if 8 company rejects x4 ,h[ev]1 reg>dless ( its l5g?1 ! object ( ! synopsis is to pres5t a cle>1 int]e/+ & compreh5sive outl9e ( ! /ory--( :at is work$ out 9 action 9 ! sc5>io1 if y s5d "o--& to give editor1 /aff writ] & director all ! help y possibly c )\t = a mom5t mak+ x appe> t y are try+ to tea* !m _! bus9ess4 ,?is does n mean t if y "k y\r bus9ess y ne$ hesitate to s5d 9 a sc5e-plot diagram z y\r sugge/ion = a c]ta9 important set1 or supply hi/orical or o!r ne$$ data1 or give y\r own idea ( h[ be/ a c]ta9 effect c be obta9$4 ,all broad-m9d$ & progressive directors are glad to receive su* help4 ,b d n attempt su* sugge/ions until y h ?or\ghly ma/]$ ! te*nique ( photoplay writ+ & h also se5 on ! scre5 _m examples ( h[ diff]5t effects h be5 procur$ 9 ! pa/4 ,x is n out ( place to say n[ :at is enl>g$ ^u 9 a *apt] to foll[3 ,! scre5 is1 aft] all1 ! greate/ ( all s*ools = ! w\ld-be pr(essional photoplaywright4 ,"h are "s wise words f ,mr4 ,epes ,w9?rop ,s>g5t1 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w3 ,! successful sell] ( synopses fir/ makes 8 /ory int]e/+1 n ?r\gh inflat$ lit]>y /yle1 b ?r\gh cle>ness 9 ! exploitation ( idea4 ,he makes 8 second po9t ?r\gh ! fullness ( ! necess>y detail4 ,8 ?ird po9t is made ?r\gh ! omission ( unnecess>y detail4 ,8 la/ advantage is t he kn[s :5 to give sc5es t are out ( ! ord9>y & lead]s t w be useful to ! cont9uity writ]4 ,he und]takes to sell no m ?an an idea1 &1 sell+ an idea1 he does n conf\nd x ) hi/ory nor expect ! buy] to be a m9d read]4 ,t is ! great trick 9 synopsis writ+4 ,le>n :at to put 9 & :at to leave out4 ,le>n to tell :at ! cont9uity writ] ne$s1 & le>n to omit ! ?+s t w sugge/ !mselves to ! imag9ation ( any intellig5t plot-h&l]4 #f4 ,! ,=m ( ! ,synopsis ,an exam9ation ( ! scripts ( "s amateur photoplay au?ors %[s t !re is a frequ5t t5d5cy to misund]/& ! =m 9 :i* ! synopsis %\ld be writt54 ,?is may be due to ! writ]'s be+ impress$ ) ! necessity = n mak+ 8 synopsis too long4 ,at any rate1 ! examples we h 9 m9d are writt5--! /ory is told--exactly z ! sc5>io %\ld be writt51 only ev5 m briefly & )\t be+ subdivid$ into numb]$ sc5es4 ,?us1 in/ead ( writ+3 ,blake conceals himself beh9d a b\ld] &1 z ,tom is ab\t to pass him1 /eps out & ord]s him to ?r[ up 8 h&s4 ,he compels ,tom to surr5d] 8 revolv] & c>tridge belt1 ha/5+ ,tom's actions1 :5 he mom5t>ily hesitates1 by fir+ a %ot close to 8 head2 ! writ] may say3 ,blake sees ,tom approa*+ up pa?4 ,hides beh9d b\ld]4 ,z ,tom is ab\t to pass b\ld]1 he is held up by ,blake1 :o makes him /rip (f gun & c>tridge belt4 ,tom too sl[ 9 actions1 s ,blake %oots pa/ 8 head4 ,tom drops belt & gun on gr\nd1 etc4 ,obvi\sly1 ! mi/ake consi/s 9 n writ+ ! synopsis 9 n>rative =m4 ,x is well to note ano!r po9t also4 ,al?\gh "s manufactur]s 9 prep>+ synopses ( _! /ories = ! trade j\rnals write !m 9 ! pa/ t5se1 x is always advisable to tell y\r /ory 9 ! pres5t t5se4 ,9 ! sc5>io1 y mu/ foll[ ?is cu/om1 & 9 ! synopsis y %\ld d s4 ,9 add+ bits ( *>act]ization to y\r synopsis1 & p>ticul>ly 9 po9t+ out ! dramatic incid5ts ( y\r plot1 consid] ! value ( sugge/ive words & phrases4 ,n _m words1 b words t sugge/ pictures1 call up :ole sc5es1 tell entire /ories1 are ne$$4 ,& ?is is p>ticul>ly true :5 y are writ+ to meet ! synopsis only dem&4 ,don't ov]-adjective y\r synopsis1 b su* qualify+ words z y use %\ld be vivid1 cle> & precise4 ,"o specific ^w outweighs a score ( g5]al /atem5ts4 ,consid] ! diff]5ce betwe5 horse & bron*o2 h\se & bungal[2 woman & s\r sp9/]4 ,be def9ite4 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( any well-writt5 synopsis w conv9ce ! novice t sev]al rewrit+s are n too _m to give to a synopsis be=e decid+ t x is cle>1 concise1 & int]e/+4 ,ea* ( ^! po9ts is well wor? consid]+ c>efully4 ,int]e/1 no "o c tea* y2 concis5ess may be atta9$ only by cutt+ out ne$less words & /udy+ h[ to express ! utmo/ 9 t]se language2 & cle>ness is surely equally wor?y ( consci5ti\s ef=t to ma/]4 ,a fir/-class rhetoric1 l ,g5ung's1 or ,hill's1 w be ( great value 9 acquir+ concis5ess & cle>ness ( /yle1 z well z o!r good qualities ( expression4 ,"o po9t only is !re "t to dwell ^u "h3 ! lack ( cle>ness aris+ f ! c>eless use ( p]sonal pron\ns4 ,= example1 comp>e ! relative cle>ness 9 ^! two /atem5ts3 ,9 a mom5t ( excitem5t1 ,h>ley /rikes ,jim a heavy bl[4 ,! :ole ?+ dazes him1 & he sc>cely kn[s :at to d4 ,aft] a few h\rs1 he det]m9es ^u rev5ge &1 aft] tak+ 8 bro!r into 8 confid5ce1 w>ns him t he w %oot him on sight1 etc4 ,9 a mom5t ( excitem5t1 ,h>ley /rikes ,jim a heavy bl[4 ,! :ole affair dazes ,jim1 & he sc>cely kn[s :at to d4 ,h[ev]1 aft] a few h\rs1 he det]m9es ^u rev5ge1 &1 aft] tak+ 8 bro!r ,t$ into 8 confid5ce1 he w>ns ,h>ley t he w %oot him on sight1 etc4 ,9 ! foll[+ #bdh-^w synopsis1 we h a model ( cle>ness1 concis5ess1 & int]e/+ /atem5t4 ,! same g5]al =m1 appli$ to a long] synopsis1 %\ld satisfy any editor4 ,= ! second1 or %ort1 synopsis1 dem&$ by c]ta9 companies1 "o ( ab\t ?is l5g?1 & z c>efully prep>$1 w\ld und\bt$ly be entirely acceptable4 ,add to ! concis5ess & cle>ness ( ?is ,vitagraph synopsis ! sugge/$ ins]ts1 lead]s1 etc41 already describ$ 9 connection ) ! synopses usually s5t out by "o ( ! pres5t writ]s1 & y h :at comes pretty ne> to be+ ! ideal =m :5 ! wi%es ( ! editor1 /aff writ] & director are all consid]$4 ,y w f9d o!r synopses 9 *apt]s ,v & ,,xx4 ,a ,,wa/$ ,,sacrifice ,produc$ by ! ,vitagraph ,company ,) all 8 faults1 ,jack ,m>t91 an ,arizona gambl]1 has "o r$eem+ quality1 a deep love = 8 mo!rless *ild4 ,! baby is tak5 sick4 ,leav+ h] ) ,aunt ,jane1 ! ,mexican h\sekeep]1 ,jack goes = ,doctor ,w9ton1 :o is also ! %]iff4 ,! *ild dies4 ,craz$ ) grief1 ,jack gets drunk & %oots ! t[n ,m>%al4 ,leap+ a/ride 8 horse1 he escapes into ! des]t4 ,f> out on a s&y pla91 he comes across ! dead body ( a "y ,apa*e squaw1 :o has be5 bitt5 by a rattlesnake4 ,by ! side ( ! lifeless =m he f9ds a *ild :o has nurs$ f its "m's brea/ & imbib$ ! poison4#ad ,jack ?9ks ( 8 own *ild & 8 he>t goes out to ! little "o4 ,jack has elud$ 8 pursu]s & 8 horse has dropp$ f exhau/ion4 ,he kn[s t he is free to escape4 ,he hesitates1 b det]m9es to save ! little papoose by d\bl+ back on 8 tracks & meet+ ! posse1 ( :i* ! doctor-%]iff is ! lead]4 ,on r\nd+ a curve 9 ! canyon1 he comes ^u 8 foll[]s1 :o cov] him ) _! weapons4 ,hold+ out ! *ild to ! doctor1 he begs him to d some?+ = x4 ,! %]iff exam9es x & discov]s t x is dead4 ,jack1 ) te>s 9 8 eyes1 /&s ready = 8 capture1 consci\s t inasmu* z he did x = "o ( ,god's little ones1 he has n done x 9 va94 ,footnote #ad3 ,! sci5tific inaccuracy ( ?is /atem5t ne$ n n[ be consid]$4 ,mr4 ,epes ,w9?rop ,s>g5t has well epitomiz$ "s important pr9ciples 9 synopsis writ+ :5--9 ,! ,writ]'s ,mon?ly = ,april1 #aiah--;he says t ! good synopsis3 ,/>ts ) a 'pun*' fact4 ,tells ! /ory cle>ly 9 full detail z to facts1 ) z few words z possible4 ,id5tifies z fully z possible all ! lead+ *>act]s at _! fir/ introduction4 ,fully e/abli%es m9or p]sonages z !y ent] ! /ory4 ,gives all ( ! facts requir$ by ! /aff writ] 9 ! con/ruction ( a cont9uity4 ,pres5ts ^! facts flu5tly & int]e/+ly1 ) "s sugge/ion ( lit]>y *>m1 b )\t ! use ( florid phrase or elaborate descriptive writ+4 ,pres5ts facts 9 _! logical ord]1 b n necess>ily 9 ! exact ord] ( _! happ5+4 ,is z brief z is consi/5t ) cle>ness ( /atem5t1 b may run #e1jjj words or m ,,if few] words w n p]mit ! /ory to be cle>ly told4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa9t ,frame on ,:i* ,sc5]y is ,pa9t$ ,illu/ration3 ,*eck+ ,extras ,us$ 9 ,rex ,bea*'s ,photodrama1 ,! ,br&4 ,produc$ = ,goldwyn at its ,culv] ,city ,/udios ,illu/ration3 ,! ,man :o ,mock$ - #b - ,de> ,dwight3 ,:at d y say to a trip to ,italy8 ,fa!r is v anxi\s to cont9ue 8 hi/orical rese>*es1 especially 9 ,rome & ! ,campagna4 ,we'd be delight$ to h y z "o ( our p>ty4 ,run up to ! h\se tonight & we'll talk x ov]4 ,z ev]1 ,muriel4 ,delafield c>es no?+ = ! ru9s & hi/orical treasures ( ! ,et]nal ,city1 b he is mightily int]e/$ 9 be+ ne> ,muriel1 & he leaves ! h\se prep>$ to accept ?is invitation4 ,z he comes d[n ! /eps ( 8 h\se to ent] 8 c>1 an old bl9d man1 l$ by a little dog on a cord1 %uffles along & collides ) him4 ,delafield /eps back1 pu%+ ! man f him1 :o1 z if fe>+ a bl[1 raises 8 arms to gu>d aga9/ x & !n hurries on1 :ile ,delafield1 sne]+ z he wat*es him1 /eps into 8 c> & drives (f4 ,at ! ,trevor's1 he is %[n into ! libr>y1 :]e ,muriel & h] fa!r are sitt+ 9 e>ne/ conv]sation4 ,!y rise to greet him1 ! pr(essor %ak+ 8 h& w>mly4 ,:5 ,muriel goes to him1 ,delafield takes h] left h& 9 8 7close-up71 & ) 8 "r index f+] t\*es ! engagem5t r+ on h] f+] & !n po9ts to himself1 ?us indicat+ t he already looks ^u h] z 8 prop]ty1 albeit he pla9ly %[s 8 g5u9e reg>d = h]4 ,%e pres5tly picks up ! book to :i* %e & h] fa!r h be5 ref]r+ be=e ,delafield's entrance & %[s x to him1 say+3 ,,fa!r ,,& ,i ,,h ,,be5 ,,discuss+ ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,re9c>nation ,at :i* ,delafield smiles good-natur$ly1 b pla9ly %[s t he consid]s ! !ory s mu* rubbi%1 answ]+3 ,,:ile ,i',m ,,alive1 ,,t ,,sort ,,( ,,?+ ,,doesn',t ,,int]e/ ,,me2 ,,& ,,:5 ,i',m ,,dead1 ,,x ,,won',t ,,matt] ,! pr(essor is pla9ly disappo9t$ by ?is spee*1 b he passes x (f ) a smile1 answ]+3 ,,"o ,,has ,,to ,,die1 ,,my ,,de> ,,fell[1 ,,to ,,f9d ,,out ,,t ,,x ,,does ,,matt] ,! tru? ( :i* rem>k is n app>5t to ,delafield until "s "t lat]4 ,he smiles at ! pr(essor's e>ne/ness1 :i* ,muriel q evid5tly %>es1 & is ab\t to speak to ! girl aga9 :5 h] bro!r1 ,jack1 ent]s4 ,he is ab\t tw5ty-two1 clean-cut & jovial1 & he greets ,delafield he>tily1 at ! same "t ask+ 8 fa!r3 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,ca/ ,,( ,,*>act]s ,! expression ! ca/ ( *>act]s may be us$ 9 any "o ( ?ree s5ses3 ! li/ ( pr9cipal *>act]s z x is ?r[n on ! scre5 to s]ve ! purpose ( a !atre program2 ! actual gr\p ( actors us$ 9 ! production ( ! photoplay2 & ! complete ca/ ( *>act]s z made by ! writ] = 8 script4 ,( c\rse x is n necess>y "h to consid] ea* ( ^! ?ree uses ( ! t]m1 b x w be q easy to avoid confusion if we be> ! di/9ctions 9 m9d4 #a4 ,%[+ ! ,ca/ on ! ,scre5 ,introduc+ ! ca/ ( *>act]s z a pr9t$ "p ( ! pictur$ drama is a comp>atively rec5t improvem5t 9 ! art ( ! photoplay4 ,= _m ye>s ! picture fans1 z we h come to call !m1 7 kept 9 ignorance ( ! real names ( ! play]s :o ent]ta9$ !m on ! scre54 ,!n 9 ,great ,brita9 ! exhibitors came to realize t ! add$ int]e/ t w\ld come ( hav+ ! v>i\s arti/s kn[n to ! public by "n w\ld mean an increase 9 ! box-(fice receipts1 & !y began to give out fictiti\s names = su* favorites z ,m>y ,pick=d1 ,flor5ce ,turn]1 & ,m>y ,full]4 ,?is op5$ ! eyes ( "s ( ! manufactur]s to ! wisdom ( giv+ on ! films ! names ( ! play]s z well z ! names ( ! *>act]s repres5t$ by !m1 & ! ,edison /udio1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,horace ,g4 ,plimpton 0 !n manag]1 0 "o ( ! fir/ ,am]ican conc]ns to give ! ca/ ( *>act]s 9 connection ) ! pictur$ /ory4 ,leav+ aside ! wi%es ( ! public1 x 0 an inju/ice to ! play]s n to h includ$ ! ca/s soon]1 j z ! names ( actors & actresses are giv5 9 a legitimate !atre program4 ,foll[+ ! fir/ %[+ ( ! ca/s on ! films1 diff]5t manufactur]s began to see ! wisdom1 z well z ! additional arti/ic effect1 ( %[+ ! "n ( ! au?or ( ! photoplay1 & ?is practice has gradually gr[n until1 today1 x is v seldom t ! "n ( ! writ] is omitt$4 ,!re are patrons :o feel t1 at ! pres5t "t1 ! prelim9>y ann\ncem5ts on mo/ films1 especially features1 are r ov]done1 inasmu* z !y usually give ! names ( ! au?or ( ! /ory1 ! writ] ( ! sc5>io1 or cont9uity1 ! director1 ! cam]aman1 ! art title mak]1 & ! sup]vis+ produc]4 ,h[ev]1 mo/ writ]s & actors feel t ! manufactur]s are q welcome to g z f> z !y l 9 ?is direction1 s long z !y cont9ue to give ! cr$it due to ^? :o write & enact ! /ory4 ,und\bt$ly1 "o reason :y ! manufactur]s hesitat$ ab\t giv+ all ?is in=mation on ! film 9 ! days ( ! s+le-reel photoplay 0 t !y _h ! matt] ( footage to consid]4 ,) an ev5 ?\s& feet to a reel1 & a reel to a /ory1 no footage c\ld be sp>$ = prelim9>y ann\ncem5ts )\t cr[d+ ! /ory-"p ( ! film4 ,today1 ) "o-1 two-1 ?ree-1 & a few f\r-reel pictures1 & feature productions ( f five reels up1 less att5tion ne$ be paid to ! matt] ( footage consum$ by bo? prelim9>y /atem5ts & ! regul> lead]s & ins]ts1 z fur!r po9t$ out 9 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,aga91 today1 "o company at lea/--! ,essanay1 ( ,*icago--has brok5 away f ! old rule ( mak+ pictures run to "o1 two1 or m ev5 reels4 ,!y decid$ to let all _! photoplays run on until ! /ory 0 logically told 7) ! aid ( ! pr9t$ ins]ts7 & !n to end x1 reg>dless ( ! l5g? to :i* x _h run4 ,!n1 in/ead ( ann\nc+ 9 ! trade-pap]s t ! picture 0 9 s _m reels1 or p>ts1 !y simply /at$ t ! scre5-"t ( ! picture 0 s _m m9utes1 or an h\r & s _m m9utes4 ,f ?is1 ! exhibitor may easily reckon ! approximate l5g? ( ! picture4 ,! important po9t 9 ?is connection is t x w\ld seem t ! fooli% old cu/om ( mak+ a picture run to an arbitr>y l5g?1 ei!r by padd+ x out or by cutt+ x d[n1 reg>dless ( all reason & logic1 w soon be a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,! h>m done to c]ta9 productions 9 ! pa/ by =c+ !m to adh]e to a c]ta9 numb] ( feet--s _m ev5 reels--c h>dly be e/imat$4 ,imag9e /age plays be+ writt5 to run s _m ev5 h\rs1 in/ead ( end+ logically :5 ! /ory is fully & consi/5tly work$ out6 ,at any rate1 today1 & especially 9 ! case ( ^? conc]ns :i* call = ! synopsis only1 ! free-lance photoplaywright has a mu* bett] opportunity to c5tre 8 att5tion on turn+ out a good /ory1 )\t hav+ con/antly to keep 9 m9d ! matt] ( h[ _m reels ( film x w take to tell x--:i*1 ( c\rse1 is z x %\ld be4 ,?us1 z has j be5 %[n1 ! gradual break+ ( ! re/rictions on footage has result$ 9 prop] scre5-publicity be+ giv5 to ! ca/4 #b4 ,! ,"t = ,%[+ ! ,ca/ ,! me?ods adopt$ by produc+ companies 9 pres5t+ ! names ( *>act]s & play]s on ! scre5 are v>i$4 ,inde$1 no set rules are foll[$4 ,! produc]'s :ole object 9 ea* case seems to be simply to pres5t e ca/-ann\ncem5t ( ?is k9d 9 z /rik+ & arti/ic a way z possible4 ,"s companies li/ ! *>act]s at ! v outset--or all ! pr9cipal *>act]s1 at lea/--) ! names ( ! play]s4 ,o!rs op5 ) a /atem5t-lead]1 :i* gives1 s to speak1 ! !me ( ! /ory to foll[1 ?is lead] be+ at once foll[$ by ! "n ( ! lead+ male or female "*1 sometimes ) & sometimes )\t an additional descriptive /atem5t4 ,) ! p>ticul> me?od foll[$ by ! produc] ! au?or is little conc]n$4 ,8 be/ plan is simply to make out a complete li/ ( ! p 9 8 /ory1 foll[+ "o ( ! =ms giv5 lat] 9 ?is *apt]4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ne>ly e big conc]n employs a sub-title editor ^: duty x is to elim9ate1 alt]1 or add to ! writ]'s own lead]s & ins]ts1 & ?is p]son also fixes up to comply ) ! firm's rule any additional word+ t may be atta*$ by ! au?or to ! names ( 8 *>act]s :5 ! ca/ is made out4 #c4 ,! ,numb] ( ,*>act]s ,! legitimate dramati/1 especially ! untri$ dramati/1 mu/ be v c>eful to use only z _m *>act]s 9 8 play z are absolutely necess>y4 ,e !atrical manag] kn[s t he is tak+ a *ance1 & a big *ance1 :5 produc+ ! "w ( a new writ]4 ,! writ]1 also kn[+ ?is1 & realiz+ t e additional "* means an addition to ! sal>y li/--& !re=e to ! manag]'s risk--wisely uses no m *>act]s 9 ! unfold+ ( 8 plot ?an he c help4 ,ev5 :5 an actor d\bles two p>ts1 he expects a proportionately l>g] sal>y = s do+4 ,9 ! mov+ picture /udios1 on ! o!r h&1 ! play]s are paid by ! week1 to "w1 z x 71 by ! day4 ,! photoplay actor plays z _m diff]5t p>ts z ! director f9ds x necess>y to ca/ him =4 ,if necess>y1 9 a big production1 a director c draw on any or all ( ! play]s mak+ up ! /ock company1 provid$ he does n prev5t !m f play+ ! p>ts 9 ano!r picture !n 9 c\rse ( production1 = :i* !y h be5 previ\sly ca/4 ,s t1 s f> z sal>y is conc]n$1 unless c]ta9 types1 ei!r m5 or wom51 are specially engag$ = a production1 ! film manufactur] does n ne$ to worry ab\t h[ _m pr9cipals are ne$$ to take "p 9 a picture4 ,he has1 ( c\rse1 to consid] ! sal>ies ( ! extra p1 or sup]num]>ies1 :5 a picture calls = _! employm5t4 ,b ! pr9cipal reason = keep+ ! photoplay ca/ z small z possible is t ! few] ! pr9cipal *>act]s ! m easily und]/ood is ! /ory4 ,9 ?is respect1 bett] tw5ty extras & five pr9cipals ?an tw5ty pr9cipals & two extras4 ,rememb]1 !n1 to use z few pr9cipal *>act]s z possible 9 develop+ y\r plot4 ,?is does n mean t y may be prodigal 9 y\r use ( extras2 q ! contr>y4 ,b1 s9ce extras :o are pos+ z c[boys1 soldi]s1 gue/s at a ball1 by/&]s 9 a /reet sc5e1 or saloon l\ng]s1 are easily di/+ui%$ f ! pr9cipals1 x is a matt] ( small importance h[ _m are us$ s long z ! sc5e is full en\gh to h>monize ) ! idea4 ,x w\ld be silly1 ( c\rse1 actually to specify ! numb] ( travell]s & by/&]s us$ 9 a sc5e at a railroad /ation at tra9 "t4 ,! director w employ z _m z he ?9ks necess>y4 #d4 ,h[ ! ,director ,assigns ! ,ca/ ,x frequ5tly happ5s t memb]s ( ! regul> /ock company are us$ to fill 9 9 c]ta9 sc5es1 al?\gh !y may n be ca/ 9 ! picture at all4 ,:51 = example1 ! sc5e is laid 9 a ballroom1 or :5 boxes & or*e/ra *airs 9 a !atre are %[n1 ! director uses z _m ( ! regul> company z are available--kn[+ t !y may be reli$ ^u to su/a9 ! necess>y action1 & feel+ sure t !y w dress ! sc5e suitably4 ,extras are !n drawn ^u = z _m m p z he may require4 ,a di/9ction mu/ be made betwe5 extras :o m]ely fill 9 or dress a sc5e & ^? :o play a small "p1 or bit1 9 "o or m sc5es4 ,9 e /udio !re are m5 & wom5 :o are kn[n z regul> extras--p :o are on h& e morn+ & :o rema9 until !y are ei!r told t !y c "w 9 a c]ta9 picture or t !y w n be requir$ t day4 ,practically all ( ^! regul> extras are exp]i5c$ actors & actresses1 & mo/ ( !m cont9ue to report daily 9 ! hope t1 be+ giv5 a small "p to play1 !y may 9 ?is way attract ! att5tion ( ! director & ev5tually be (f]$ positions 9 ! /ock company4 ,_m ( ! be/ kn[n photoplay]s 9 ! c\ntry today made _! />t 9 mov+-picture "w 9 ?is way aft] hav+ =sak5 ! legitimate /age4 #e4 ,plann+ ! ,ca/ ,/rictly speak+1 x is no long] advisable1 nor ev5 possible1 to plan y\r ca/ ahead1 :5 writ+ photoplays1 any m ?an x w\ld be possible to /ate exactly 9 advance h[ _m *>act]s y w\ld introduce if y 7 sett+ out to write a novel4 ,today m ?an ev] be=e ! dem& is = good /ories4 ,giv5 a good /ory1 a compet5t director w d ! re/4 ,he w n hesitate to engage = t production j z _m p z may be necess>y1 :e!r !y are special type play]s1 male or female1 or = /raight p>ts4 ,y\r ca/1 9 o!r words1 mu/ inevitably be a result ( ! f9al work+ out ( y\r /ory4 ,! "o ?+ y c d 9 advance is det]m9e :e!r y are go+ to write :at is simply a good /ory or is a /ory design$ z a vehicle to exploit "s p>ticul> />4 ,?is latt] proc$ure is always a risky "o = ! writ] to adopt4 ,! /ory plann$ & work$ out to fit ! tal5ts ( a c]ta9 />1 especially if design$ to feature ! v unusual "w ( su* a play] z ,d\glas ,fairbanks1 may n sell at all if x fails to sell to ! "o = :om x 0 plann$1 & ! writ]'s "w goes = naught4 ,by f> ! wise/ plan is to write = c]ta9 p>ticul> />s only "u contract1 or at lea/ to write only /ories t /& a *ance ( sell+ else:]e if reject$ by ! firm at :i* !y 7 fir/ aim$4 ,if y are writ+ to ord] = a c]ta9 />1 & if y are reasonably sure t ! support+ play]s are p]man5t memb]s ( t p>ticul> company1 y may plan y\r /ory s z to give ! director a *ance to use all ! p at 8 disposal to ! be/ advantage1 = today1 :ile "*-actors are j z busy z ev]1 x is ! actual type t is usually ca/ = a c]ta9 "p if su* a man or woman is procurable at all4 ,z = :e!r a c]ta9 small "p is play$ by an extra or by a regul> memb] ( ! /ock company1 y ne$ n worry4 ,! director w d 8 be/ = e "p1 h[ev] small4 ,"o ?+ t y %\ld n ov]look 9 mak+ up y\r li/ ( *>act]s1 we repeat1 is to %[ ! director h[ he may ca/ 8 available p to ! be/ advantage4 ,to d ?is1 y %\ld n only m5tion e "*1 no matt] h[ unimportant1 b 9 ! case ( all ^? *>act]s :o d n actually come "u ! head ( pr9cipals 9 t p>ticul> picture1 y %\ld give ! numb] ( ! sc5e or sc5es 9 :i* !y appe>4 ,?is w1 9 _m cases1 enable ! director to use "s ( 8 p 9 m ?an "o "* by d\bl+ two m9or roles4 ,z an example1 let u suppose t y h writt5 d[n y\r pr9cipals--! ones :o w keep ! "o "p ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! action4 ,y c !n write3 ,mrs4 ,br[n's maid1 9 #i & #aa4ae ,tra9$ nurse1 9 #bb4 ,policeman1 9 #ae4 ,bl9d begg>1 9 #bg4 ,color$ port]1 9 #bh4 ,footnote #ae3 ,mean+ sc5es #i & #aa4 ,( c\rse1 y c only make ?is arrangem5t aft] y\r sc5>io has be5 block$ out1 sc5e by sc5e4 ,"h are five m9or *>act]s1 & yet1 if ! director desir$1 he c\ld use only two p to play all five p>ts4 ,mrs4 ,br[n's maid 9 #i & #aa c\ld easily *ange to a tra9$ nurse = #bb4 ,! actor play+ ! policeman 9 #ae c\ld j z easily make up z a bl9d begg> = #bg2 & he w\ld !n be able to *ange aga9 & g on z a color$ port] 9 #bh1 ! next sc5e4 ,a po9t t _m :o are n famili> ) ! inn] work+s ( ! /udios d n realize is t al?\gh ,sc5e #aj1 let u say1 is done on "o day1 ,sc5e #aa may n be tak5 until ! foll[+ day1 or ev5 a week lat]4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t "o set is all[$ to /& = sev]al days1 on acc\nt ( re-takes t h be5 f\nd necess>y1 or because a director has difficulty 9 obta9+ a c]ta9 light+ effect4 ,9 su* cases c]ta9 play]s are requir$ to play ! same "p ov] & ov] aga91 ev5 ?\gh betwe5 ! re-takes !y may "w = o!r directors 9 ! same /udio4 #f4 ,actual ,"w on ! ,ca/ ,y w probably f9d t ! be/ & easie/ way to prep>e y\r ca/ ( *>act]s is to keep a r\gh li/ ( all ! p :o take "p 9 ! action1 z y write ! sc5>io4 ,because1 ( c\rse1 al?\gh ! ca/ ( *>act]s is ! second division ( ! script1 x %\ld h its f9al prep>ation aft] ! sc5>io has be5 complet$1 = ! same reason t ! synopsis is also f9ally prep>$ :5 ! sc5>io has be5 f9i%$4 ,keep a %eet ( pap] beside y z y write y\r sc5>io4 ,fir/ put d[n ! names ( all y\r pr9cipal *>act]s s z to h !m be=e y\r eyes z y write4 ,!n z y "w out y\r sc5>io1 sc5e aft] sc5e1 set d[n e "* introduc$2 = example1 if y use a doctor1 :o m]ely pays "o visit to a pati5t appe>+ 9 only "o sc5e1 set d[n ! foll[+ on y\r memor&um %eet3 ,doctor1 9 #b4 & s on4 ,at ! "t y write ,sc5e #b y may ?9k t t is ! only "o 9 :i* y w use ! doctor2 lat] on1 p]haps z y are giv+ ! action ( ,sc5e #af1 y may f9d t y h occasion to introduce a doctor aga94 ,unless ,sc5e #af is suppos$ to be locat$ 9 ano!r "p ( ! c\ntry1 ! *ances are t y might j z well br+ 9 ! same physician aga91 & y !n simply make x ,doctor1 9 #b & #af4 #g4 ,nam+ ! ,*>act]s ,( c\rse x is unnecess>y to give a "n to ev]yone appe>+ 9 a picture4 ,! ca/ ( *>act]s is made up ( ! names only ( ^? ^: "w 9 ! photoplay mat]ially advances ! action 9 "s way or ano!r4 ,on ! legitimate /age any "* :o has ev5 a l9e to say may be said to h a speak+ "p4 ,only ^! are suppos$ to be 9 ! ca/ prop]4 ,simil>ly1 9 ! photoplay no "o ^: "w 9 ! picture is n 9 "s way necess>y to ! work+ out ( ! plot ne$ be giv5 a "n4 ,9 ! same way t y w\ld write ,doctor1 9 #b & #af1 or ,policeman1 9 #h1 write ,gue/s at ball1 9 #ac4 ,/ock brok]s & cl]ks1 9 #bb4 ,clubm51 9 #bg4 ,! foll[+ is quot$ f ,mr4 ,epes ,w9?rop ,s>g5t's weekly dep>tm5t1 ,! ,photoplaywright1 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w4 ,he says all t c\ld be said ^u a subject t is ( ! greate/ importance1 no matt] on :at division ( ! photoplay script y are at "w--! necessity = simplify+ ev]y?+ s z to make x quickly & easily und]/ood by editor & director alike3 ,:5 y />t to write a play decide :at y are go+ to call y\r *>act]s1 & adh]e to y\r decision4 ,if y h a "* nam$ ,rob]t ,wilson1 d n indiscrim9ately call him ,bob1 ,rob]t1 & ,wilson4 ,decide on "o ( ! ?ree & use t "o inv>iably4 ,if y\r "* travels "u an alias1 be+ kn[n z ,montgom]y 9 society1 & ,jimmy ! ,rat 9 ! und]world1 d n call him ,montgom]y 9 ! society sc5es & ,! ,rat :5 he gets among 8 prop] associates4 ,call him ,montgom]y /raight ?r\gh1 & ! fir/ "t he *anges f ,jekyll to ,hyde tell ! audi5ce1 9 a lead]1 t he is kn[n z ! ,rat2 b 9 ! plot ( action hold to ,montgom]y1 because y />t$ ) t & d n want to confuse ! director4 ,! editor is go+ to read 9 a hurry ! fir/ "t ?r\gh1 & he _c cont9ually consult ! ca/ to id5tify y\r con/ant *anges 9 cognom5s4 ,be c>eful 9 select+ y\r names4 ,d n let !m s\nd too mu* alike1 or confusion w arise4 ,(t5 a /ory w be s5t back t might be reg>d$ m c>efully 7 ! *>act]s m individually nam$1 & p]haps few] ( !m nam$4 ,too _m names are apt to be conf\nd$ ) ea* o!r4 ,names too mu* alike or n possess$ ( individual s\nd are apt to be confus+4 ,9 ei!r case y\r /ory is n readily und]/ood on a fir/ read+ & nev] passes to a second p]usal4 ,take pa9s ) y\r lit]>y baptisms4 ,x seems sc>cely necess>y to po9t out t x is bo? easi] & bett] to call ! "y p by :atev] ,*ri/ian "n y decide to give !m & to ref] to _! eld]s by _! la/ "n4 ,y c say ,freeman or ,mr4 ,freeman1 :5 speak+ ( ,jess's fa!r1 b d n say t ,tom & ,miss ,freeman are discov]$ by h] fa!r mak+ love4 ,simply say ,tom & ,jess4 ,if ,jess's fa!r is a f>m] or a m9]1 x may seem m natural to say ,freeman1 or ,jess's fa!r4 ,if he is a bank] or a /ock brok]1 y may *oose to speak ( him z ,mr4 ,freeman4 ,! mo/ important ?+ is to make ! "n1 z cle>ly z possible1 sugge/ ! age1 rank1 & g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ! p]son to :om x is giv54 ,a good deal has be5 writt5 conc]n+ ! advisability ( us+ only %ort & simple names = mo/ *>act]s 9 ! photoplay4 ,o!rs h advis$ photoplay au?ors to try to discov] unhackney$ names = _! *>act]s4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 hundr$s ( %ort & appropriate fir/ names = p ( diff]5t nationalities2 ! tr\ble1 especially ) amateur writ]s1 is t su* names z ,tom1 ,jack1 ,jim1 & ,*>ley1 & ,may1 ,m>y1 ,grace1 ,e!l1 & ,kate1 are us$ ov] & ov] aga91 & )\t any reg>d to ! surname :i* foll[s !m4 ,simple & common names are desirable1 s long z !y really fit ! *>act]s :o be> !m4 ,john & ,tom & ,m>y & ,kate are names t w be us$ ov] & ov] aga91 bo? 9 fiction & 9 photoplay4 ,b unusual names are desirable too1 provid$ !y fit ! *>act]s4 ,! "w ( an amateur writ] c almo/ always be told by ! names he gives 8 *>act]s4 ,9 ! writ+ ( photoplays1 :]e ! au?or has no description to rely on to expla9 :o & :at 8 *>act]s are1 !re is especial ne$ ( names t w help to indicate ! social /atus ( 8 diff]5t *>act]s4 ,9 real life1 a bank presid5t is z likely to be a ,casey or a ,smi? z he is to be a ,ru!r=d or a ,p5dleton1 b ! *ances are t1 :5 giv5 to a great bank]1 ei!r ( ! la/ two names w\ld make a great] impression on popul> spectators4 ,aga91 c]ta9 names in/antly make u ?9k ( villa9y1 :ile o!rs z pla9ly tell u t ! own] ( ! "n is an hone/ man4 ,! au?ors ( ! good old melodramas us$ exagg]at$ names t today w\ld probably be laugh$ at4 ,jack ,manly & ,desmond ,dang]field w\ld h>dly get by 9 mod]n drama or 9 pres5t-day picture plays2 b ! idea ( appropriat5ess t 0 responsible = su* names be+ us$ is :at is ne$$ by photoplaywrights :o desire to "n _! *>act]s conv9c+ly4 ,p]cy c]ta9ly does n sugge/ a prizefight]1 any m ?an ,miriam portrays a cook4 ,by all means keep a special notebook 9 :i* to jot d[n new & unusual names to fit *>act]s ( e nationality & ( e /ation 9 life1 b try to get names t are %ort & easily pron\nc$4 ,v few photoplaywrights adh]e to only "o l9e ( writ+4 ,a clev] & ambiti\s writ] may d a /ory ( city life ?is week1 & "o ) ! sc5es laid 9 ,mexico ! next4 ,y c get pl5ty ( names = y\r d[n ,ea/ /ory1 b w y be able to f9d eight or t5 really appropriate names = y\r photoplay ( life 9 ,little ,italy or ! ,ghetto8 ,! foll[+ me?ods ( obta9+ suitable names--especially surnames--= *>act]s h be5 f\nd v helpful3 #a4 ,if y live 9 a city1 cov] ! diff]5t =eign qu>t]s ?or\ghly & note 9 y\r book names ( e nationality t /rike y\r fancy4 #b4 ,if ! public libr>y 9 y\r t[n gets ,fr5*1 ,italian1 or o!r =eign pap]s 7all great city libr>ies d1 ( c\rse71 g ov] !m & get simil> li/s ( =eign names4 ,y c nev] tell :5 a typical ,russian surname1 or an ,italian ,*ri/ian "n1 may be want$ = "o ( y\r /ories4 ,?is w prev5t y\r call+ a ,spani>d ,pietro or an ,italian ,p$ro4 #c4 ,buy an old or a second-h& city directory4 ,an out-(-date ,new ,york or ,*icago directory conta9s names en\gh1 ( all nationalities1 bo? ,*ri/ian names & surnames1 to la/ y a life-"t & w co/ y little4 ,b directories are n absolutely tru/wor?y aft] all4 #d4 ,:5 read+ novels & %ort-/ories1 copy any names t p>ticul>ly /rike y4 ,use only ! fir/ or ! la/ "n 9 e case1 ( c\rse1 & d ! same :5 select+ names f ! directory or f signs 9 ! /reet4 ,y w\ld n "n y\r h]o ,ri*>d ,mansfield1 nor 8 uncle ,john ,wanamak]1 b y might wi% to call ! uncle ,ri*>d ,wanamak] & make ,john ,mansfield ! h]o4 #e4 ,select f regul> !atre programs names t please y1 b transpose ! fir/ & la/ names z recomm5d$ above4 ,if y *oose a ,fr5* ,*ri/ian "n f "o ( ,h5ri ,b]n/e9's plays1 d n take ! surname ( ano!r "* 9 ! same ca/ to g ) x4 ,r take x f ano!r ,fr5* play1 or f a ,fr5* /ory 9 a magaz9e4 ,y d n wi% to f9d1 :5 ! "t does come = y\r ca/ ( *>act]s to be ?r[n ^u ! scre51 t ! director has f\nd x necess>y to *ange half ( y\r names4 ,make !m s good & s appropriate t !re w be absolutely no excuse = alt]+ !m4 ,"o ?+ to be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 is t ! picture spectators ( today h be5 gradually educat$ up to expect+ & approv+ _m ?+s :i* ! spectators ( a few ye>s ago w\ld h look$ ^u z too highbr[4 ,?is is due 9 no small degree to ! _m scre5 adaptations ( lit]>y classics & fictional successes g5]ally :i* h be5 made1 z well z to ! l>ge numb] ( /age plays t h be5 transf]r$ to ! scre51 =1 ( c\rse1 ! au?ors1 publi%]s & dramatic produc]s h always /ipulat$ t ! ca/s be kept z !y orig9ally 7 made out--except t occasionally c]ta9 *>act]s :o 9 ! /age-production ( a c]ta9 play 7 m]ely spok5 ab\t & describ$ h be51 9 ! photoplay =m1 actually introduc$1 & ?us add$ to ! ca/4 ,b ! po9t is t !re is no long] ! frantic /riv+ to keep ev]y?+ z %ort & simple z possible t once exi/$1 & ?is applies to ev]y?+ 9 ! nature ( ins]ts q z mu* z to ! names us$ = *>act]s 9 ! picture4 ,little by little art 9 motion picture production is becom+ a reality in/ead ( be+ m]ely a high-s\nd+ ^w us$ occasionally by ! press-ag5ts4 #h4 ,describ+ ! ,*>act]s ,s9ce !re is no re/riction plac$ ^u ! way 9 :i* a ca/ ( *>act]s is made out1 ! writ] may *oose betwe5 ! simple /atem5t-=m1 :5 giv+ ! names ( 8 *>act]s1 & t 9 :i* ! appe>ance & dom9ant traits ( ! "* are set =?4 ,y c say3 ,silas ,gregory1 a mis]1 or y c draw a picture ( ! man himself 9 ! v way y describe him1 ?us3 ,silas ,gregory1 an extremely weal?y & ecc5tric mis]2 a ba*elor & a man :o bo? by 8 appe>ance & 8 nature repels ! fri5d%ip ( 8 fell[ m52 incl9$ to practice petty cruelty on *ildr5 & animals2 suspici\s ( & seem+ to hate ev]ybody except 8 old body-s]vant1 ,daniels1 to :om he is /rangely atta*$4 ,:ile ! =ego+ is a r long description ( a "* to be includ$ z "p ( ! ca/-outl9e1 & :ile "s ( ! po9ts 9 connection ) ,gregory's nature c\ld be m =cibly demon/rat$ by hav+ him d little ?+s 9 ! action t w\ld make !m app>5t1 ! po9t is t y are supply+ ^! items ( in=mation = ! b5efit ( ! editor & ! director1 & t1 z mu/ be app>5t1 ! full] _! und]/&+ ( y\r mean+ 9 ev]y?+ y write1 ! bett] w be _! int]pretation & production ( y\r /ory4 ,x is v important to keep ?is po9t con/antly 9 m9d4 ,seldom is x today t ! ca/ appe>s on ! scre5 exactly z prep>$ by ! au?or4 ,almo/ all ! big companies at ! pres5t "t are giv5 to long sub-titles1 & to l5g?y /atem5ts 9 connection ) ! introduction ( ! pr9cipal *>act]s4 ,_m read]s w see ! simil>ity betwe5 ! second ( ! =ego+ descriptions ( ! old mis] & ! pr9t$ /atem5t1 9 connection ) a simil> "*1 %[n 9 ! ,triangle & ,p>am\nt pictures writt5 by ,c4 ,g>dn] ,sullivan1 z well z 9 _m o!rs4 ,! /atem5t on ! film :i* introduces a pr9cipal "*1 today1 is mu* m 9 ! nature ( an actual lead] ?an x is a m]e ann\ncem5t ( ! names ( ! "* & ! play]4 ,?us1 9 ,univ]sal's feature production ( ,! ,kais]1 ! h]oic blacksmi? ( ,l\va9 0 introduc$ 9 ?is way3 ,m>cas1 ! blacksmi? ( ,l\va91 0 a mighty man4 ,?is man1 ,m>cas1 liv$ 9 fai? & love & fri5d%ip1 &1 by ! sweat ( 8 br[1 _h won peace & happ9ess4 ,,m>cas4444444444444444444444,,elmo ,,l9coln ,9 writ+ out y\r ca/1 give y\r mo/ important *>act]s fir/4 ,try1 also1 to simplify x & elim9ate unnecess>y words1 fir/ writ+ ! "n ( a pr9cipal "* & !n giv+ ! o!rs 9 ! ord] ( _! relation%ip1 z3 ,*>les ,waldron1 a weal?y ran*]4 ,mrs4 ,waldron1 8 wife4 ,bessie1 8 elde/ daught]4 ,jean1 8 y\nge/ daught]4 ,dick1 8 son4 ,graydon1 ,waldron's =eman4 ,?is w save words & %[ at a glance j h[ ! o!r five *>act]s are relat$ to or connect$ ) ,*>les ,waldron4 ,make x a rule to write y\r ca/ on ! la/ %eet ( y\r synopsis if y h pl5ty ( room left aft] f9i%+ ! synopsis4 ,o!rwise1 use a sep>ate %eet4 ,don't cr[d ! two divisions z if y 7 try+ to economize pap]4 ,9 ! ca/ prop]1 give ! names or occupations ( e "* ^: "w 9 ! action really helps to advance ! action ( ! play4 ,also "n ! sc5es 9 :i* appe> ! v>i\s *>act]s--o!r ?an ! pr9cipals1 :o are likely to dom9ate ne>ly e sc5e4 ,! fir/ two sample ca/s :i* foll[ d n give ! *>act]i/ics ( ! diff]5t p conc]n$ 9 ! plot4 ,!y are simply reproduc$ z examples ( photoplay ca/s :i* h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! manufactur]s' bullet9s & o!r adv]tis+ matt]1 aft] ! photoplay itself _h be5 produc$ & 0 ready = release4 ,! ?ird & full ca/ is alt]$1 s z n to be recognizable1 f a photoplay :i* has n yet be5 produc$4 ,?is la/ ( ! ?ree =ms is ! "o we recomm5d y to foll[4 ,,pi]re ,,( ,,! ,,nor? by ,elm] ,n4 ,wells ,pi]re1 a ,fr5* ,canadian trapp]4444444 ,bapti/e1 8 bro!r4444444444444444444 ,duncan ,mc,lain1 a trapp]4444444444444444 ,m>y ,mc,kenzie1 ! factor's daught]4444 ,john ,mc,kenzie1 ! factor444444444444444 ,mail ,c>ri]4444444444444444444444444444 ,half ,bre$444444444444444444444444444444 ,produc$ by ! ,selig ,polyscope ,company ,,! ,,old ,,musician by ,w4,a4 ,tremayne ,francois ,vian1 an old musician ,pi]re le ,noir1 8 neighbor ,osc> ,muhlba*1 a ,g]man spy ,b]?a le ,noir1 ,pi]re's si/] ,g5]al ( ! ,g]man army ,infantry (fic] ,g5d>me ,produc$ by ! ,vitagraph ,company ( ,am]ica ,,! ,,sophomore',s ,,surprise by ,x ,y ,z ,,t$ ,,c>son ,presid5t ( ! ,fre%man class at ,college2 tw5ty1 blonde1 bright1 a?letic1 full ( gay spirits4 ,,fay ,,norton ,! college co-ed beauty1 incl9$ to love ,t$1 :o loves h]4 ,,nita ,,c>son ,t$'s tw9 si/]2 a fre%man co-ed1 9 love ) ,hal ,coates4 ,,hal ,,coates ,presid5t ( ! ,sophomore class2 tw5ty-f\r1 d>k2 a?letic rival ( ,t$1 :om he looks d[n ^u4 ,a college lead]2 lov] ( ,nita4 ,,dan ,,willis ,t$'s *um2 a slim & mis*iev\s ,fre%man4 ,,buck ,,slagle ,hal's *um2 an unpr9cipl$ ,sophomore4 ,,dean ,,hall ,a n]v\s pr(essor2 com$y "*4 ,,policeman ,9 #af1 #ag & #ah4 ,,/ud5ts ,?r\gh\t4 ,,wait]s ,9 #af1 #ag & #ah4 ,,co-,,eds ,9 #d1 #f1 #g1 #aj1 #ac & #ag4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,sc5>io ,,or ,,cont9uity ,! fir/ /ep 9 ! prep>ation ( ! sc5>io--or cont9uity ( sc5es--is n a /ep at all--x is a /ate ( m9d3 ! mood ( visualization4 #a4 ,! ,picture ,eye ,no matt] h[ easy x may be = y to write a cle>1 brief & int]e/+ synopsis ( y\r /ory1 nor h[ successful y may be 9 draw+ up y\r ca/ ( *>act]s1 y w fail 9 produc+ ! "r k9d ( sc5>io to accompany !m until y acquire or cultivate ! pictur+ eye4 ,to possess x is simply to be able to visualize y\r /ory z y write x--yes1 ev5 be=e y write x4 ,y mu/ n only write t ,hal ,murdo* /eals 8 employ]'s lett]-book s z to f9d out "s important facts1 b y mu/ y\rself fir/ see him d x1 j z y expect to see x on ! scre54 ,on ! regul> /age1 ! bus9ess ( ! actors--important z x is--is nev]!less ( second>y consid]ation2 dialogue comes fir/4 ,on ! photoplay /age x is j ! rev]se--at all times x is action t is ( prim>y importance4 ,x is :at y\r *>act]s d t c\nts4 ,lead]s1 lett]s1 & o!r ins]ts help to make cle> :at y are try+ to convey to ! audi5ce1 b = a prop] und]/&+ & int]pretation ( y\r plot ! spectators dep5d ^u :at !y see ! *>act]s d2 s h[ c y expect ! editor1 ! produc]1 or ! spectator1 to see y\r plot und]/&+ly unless y y\rself are able to visualize e sc5e & incid5t di/9ctly z y are putt+ y\r ?\ghts on pap]8 ,?is is :at ,mr4 ,c4,b4 ,hoadley has to say on ?is subject1 quot$ f ,! ,photoplay ,au?or1 n[ ,! ,writ]'s ,mon?ly3 ,suppose y h a /ory t has all ! requirem5ts = an acceptable motion-picture play4 ,y seat y\rself to write x1 *ock full ( en?usiasm & fai? 9 ! idea1 & 9 ! exub]ance ( y\r spirits y see visions ( a sub/antial *eck4 ,v well4 ,b h y a visualization ( ! /ory8 ,c y close y\r eyes & see x on ! scre58 ,or w y 'get /uck' ab\t ! t5? sc5e :5 x appe>s to be runn+ smoo?ly1 & !n f9i% along ! l9es ( lea/ resi/ance1 m5tally conclud+ t ! plot is s excell5t t ! editor or director w f9i% ! "w y h s en?usia/ically plann$8 ,?is happ5s to ab\t fifty p] c5t ( ! au?ors4 ,mr4 ,phil4 ,lang1 =m] editor ( ! ,kalem ,company1 (f]$ ?is s5sible advice 9 reply to a "q z to :e!r 8 company c\ld use psy*ological scripts4 ,we quote f ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w3 ,! successful photoplaywright is ! "o :o has develop$ ! 'picture eye4' ,if y w visualize ea* sc5e ( ?is sc5>io1 ab&on+ ! 'psy*ology' :i* inspir$ x1 y c readily det]m9e h[ x w appe> to ! picture patron4 ,! psy*ology ( an action or ! developm5t ( an act 9 ! photoplay is only psy*ology :5 ! natural pantomime & bus9ess make x cle> to ! spectator4 ,by ! process ( visualiz+ y c readily det]m9e if y\r play (f]s any?+ diff]5t f o!rs ( ! same "* :i* h be5 done4 ,/rive1 !n1 to cultivate ?is ability to see y\r sc5es 9 action1 rememb]+ t x is ! ?+ ( all ?+s mo/ calculat$ to help y 9 writ+ a cle>-cut1 logical1 & int]e/+ sc5>io ( y\r plot4 ,:at y _c cle>ly visualize is n wor? writ+4 #b4 ,id5tify+ ! ,*>act]s ,e>ly ,!re is no?+ m annoy+ to ! spectator or m calculat$ to insure ! widespread condemnation ( y\r photoplay aft] x has be5 produc$ ?an to fail 9 e/abli%+ ! id5tity ( all y\r pr9cipal *>act]s e>ly 9 ! action4 ,! basic relation%ip ( ea* "* to ! o!rs %\ld be made cle> j z soon z possible aft] ea* makes 8 fir/ appe>ance 9 ! picture1 if1 inde$1 x is n made cle> j be=e 8 appe>ance by ! introduction ( an explanatory ins]t4 ,we urge ?is cle> id5tification ( *>act]s s t y\r spectators may be sav$ ! annoyance ( ne$less speculation1 & be able to yield to ! play _! in/ant att5tion & sympa!tic int]e/4 ,fur!rmore1 ?is c\rse w enable y to tell y\r /ory & develop y\r plot ) mu* great] ease1 s9ce ! onlook]s1 und]/&+ :o ev]ybody is1 & h[ !y are dispos$ t[>ds ea* o!r1 w grasp ! po9ts ( ! plot m quickly4 ,rememb] t ! motives actuat+ ! diff]5t *>act]s are virtually sure to be ! v f\ndations ( a photoplay plot4 ,almo/ ev]yone has sat half ?r\gh a photoplay :i* 0 p]fect 9 all o!r respects1 b f> f pleas+ because x left ! spectators guess+ = m9utes z to :o's :o4 ,keep y\r fir/ *>act]s on ! scre51 ev5 ?\gh 9 diff]5t sc5es1 long en\gh to get ev]yone famili> ) !m & _! environm5t 9 ! /ory be=e introduc+ a new & unexpect$ phase 9 ! tale4 ,to fail 9 ?is is faulty con/ruction4#af ,footnote #af3 ,h]b]t ,case ,hoagl&3 ,h[ to ,write a ,photoplay4 #c4 ,prompt ,beg9n+ ( ! ,action ,a common mi/ake among amateur photoplaywrights is to wa/e f> too mu* "t on prelim9>ies4 ,if a gue/ is expect$ f a di/ant city1 all t is necess>y1 z a rule1 is to write 9 a %ort lett]1 :i* is op5$ & read by ! ho/- or ho/ess-to-be1 ann\nc+ t ! gue/ w arrive at a c]ta9 "t4 ,b ! "y writ]--to judge f _m scripts we h exam9$--?9ks t 9 su* a case x is necess>y to %[ ! h\semaid prep>+ ! gue/-*amb]1 ano!r sc5e 9 :i* ! ho/ess in/ructs ! *auffeur to be ready at su* an h\r to meet h] gue/ at ! /ation1 & s on4 ,no matt] :at k9d ( /ory y are writ+1 g /raight to ! po9t f ! op5+--make ! :eels ( ! plot actually comm5ce to revolve 9 ! fir/ sc5e--plunge into y\r action1 don't wade timidly 9 in* by in*4 ,to use up two or ?ree sc5es 9 %[+ trivial incid5ts :i* may happ5 to ! *>act]s :ile !y are1 s to speak1 /&+ 9 ! w+s ready to make _! entrances1 is z tiresome z x is useless4 ,if ! h]o ( ! ,we/]n /ory makes 8 fir/ appe>ance by da%+ into ! sc5e madly pursu$ by a b& ( ,indians1 ! spectator is n int]e/$ 9 f9d+ out :at he 0 do+ at ! "t he fir/ discov]$ ! r$ m5 clos+ 9 ^u him2 x is h[ he w escape !m t engages _! :ole att5tion4 ,once get y\r action />t$ vividly & ! int]e/ ( ! spectators w p]mit y to give all ! really necess>y f\ndation in=mation z y move on ) y\r /ory4 #d4 ,sequ5ce 9 ! ,action ,apply ! same rule ( directness to ! introduction ( new *>act]s 9 ! sc5es t foll[4 ,!re is "o ma9 !me1 "o ma9 l9e ( developm5t1 9 e well con/ruct$ /ory--& only "o4 ,see to x t y d n digress f x except z y br+ up f ! re> o!r ess5tial p>ts ( ! action4 ,!re is absolutely no place 9 ! photoplay = side trips4 ,z simply & z emphatically z we c put x1 ! mo/ important ?+ 9 connection ) ! writ+ ( ! sc5>io is to h ! action progress smoo?ly1 logically1 & int]e/+ly f ! fir/ to ! la/ sc5e4 ,:]ev] possible1 "o sc5e %\ld lead into ! next sc5e1 & ea* sc5e %\ld appe> to be ! only "o possible--f ! /&po9t ( ! action x conta9s--at t /age ( ! plot's developm5t4 ,if1 ev5 = a mom5t1 a sc5e appe>s to h be5 writt5 9 solely = effect1 or m]ely to delay ! climax ( ! /ory1 ! picture is op5 to criticism = padd+4 ,n only %\ld ! d5\em5t 7! unty+1 ! cle>+ up ( ! /ory at ! close7 appe> to be ! only "o logically possible1 b ea* successive sc5e %\ld foll[ ! "o prec$+ x ) inevitabl5ess4 ,to be sure1 ?is does n mean1 z we expla9$ 9 ! *apt] on ,plot1 t ! sequ5ce ( y\r sc5es mu/ be ! simple1 /raight-=w>d sequ5ce ( ev]yday life1 9 :i* "o "* is se5 to c>ry out 8 action )\t int]ruption f />t to f9i%4 ,q to ! contr>y1 photoplay action mu/ (t5 int]rupt ! c\rse ( "o "* s z to br+ ano!r p]sonage1 or set ( p]sonages1 into ! action at ! prop] "t to furni% ! surpris+ int]ruptions & complications--& _! unfold+s--requir$ to make a plot4 ,b all ?is really is ! progressive1 logical developm5t ( ! /ory 9 good climact]ic /yle4 ,else:]e 9 ?is volume we h spok5 ( ! way 9 :i* ! action progresses 9 ! twelve- to sixte5-sc5e comic pictures 9 ! comic supplem5ts to ! ,sunday newspap]s4 ,take = example ! well-kn[n ,br++ ,up ,fa!r s]ies ( comics4 ,comm5c+ ) ! basic situation1 ! action moves progressively to a logical conclusion1 ! climax com+1 usually1 9 ! next to ! la/ picture4 ,! la/ picture is ! surprise-d5\em5t--! ev5t :i* naturally & inevitably foll[s ! climax4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a wide contra/ betwe5 "o ( ^! s]ies & a dramatic photoplay2 b ! same pr9ciple t gov]ns ! evolution ( ! /ory 9 ! comic supplem5t %\ld be appli$ to ! work+ out ( y\r photoplay /ory4 ,cultivate ! pictur+ eye1 we repeat1 s t by be+ able to visualize ea* sc5e z y plan x 9 y\r m9d y _c fail to produce 9 y\r sc5>io a s]ies ( sc5es ^: action is logically connect$ & ess5tially natural & un=c$4 #e4 ,! ,int]e/ ( ,susp5se ,to say t !re mu/ be a logical sequ5ce 9 progress+ f sc5e to sc5e1 & t ea* mu/ appe> to be ! natural outcome ( ! "o prec$+ x1 is by no means to say t y mu/ sugge/ 9 "o sc5e :at is ab\t to foll[ 9 ! next4 ,x is :5 we review a photoplay 9 retrospection t we decide :e!r prop] c>e has be5 giv5 to ! plann+ ( ! sc5es s z to make !m lead smoo?ly "o into ! o!r1 b :ile we are wat*+ a photoplay = ! fir/ "t1 half ! *>m lies 9 n kn[+ :at is com+ next4 ,susp5se1 !n1 mu/ be kept 9 m9d z ! sc5>io is be+ plann$4 ,y %\ld n only keep ! spectator 9 susp5se z to ! climax z long z possible1 b 9 build+ up y\r plot y %\ld "w 9 z _m unexpect$ twi/s z y c )\t de/roy+ its logic4 ,mr4 ,hoagl& says3 ,susp5se is a delightful s5sation1 ?\gh we all beg n to be kept 9 x4 ,s :et ! spectator's imag9ation by spr++ little surprises & m9or climaxes :5ev] !y c be introduc$ )\t seem+ to be =c$4 ,make ea* su* incid5t ano!r /ep upw>d t[>d y\r climax prop]2 hold back ! big surprise1 ! />tl+ d5\em5t1 until ! v end4 ,! mo/ enjoyable feature ( ,anna ,ka!r9e ,gre5's ,! ,leav5wor? ,case 0 t %e kept ! read] 9 ! d>k until ! la/ *apt] z to :o 0 ! real murd]]4 ,all ! _m detective novels t h s9ce appe>$ h be5 successful exactly 9 proportion z ! solution ( ! my/]y has be5 )held f ! read] until ! end ( ! /ory4 ,naturally1 ?is requires c>eful plann+4 ,ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago1 "o ( ! high-class fiction magaz9es publi%$ a /ory 9 :i* a report] :o _h be5 int]view+ ! lead+ woman ( a !atrical company 0 caught on ! /age z ! curta9 rose on ! fir/ act4 ,! lead+ woman 0 suppos$ to be discov]$ at ! rise ( ! curta91 b ! newspap] man 0 bo? surpris$ & emb>rass$ by 8 be+ discov]$4 ,nev]!less1 hav+ 8 ov]coat on & c>ry+ 8 hat 9 8 h&1 ) great pres5ce ( m9d he turn$ to ! actress & said3 ,v well1 madam2 ,i w call = ! clock at ?ree ?is aft]noon4 ,!n he made a delib]ate exit1 & ! lead+ woman read h] fir/ spee*4 ,b1 z ! play progress$1 !re 0 sc>cely "o 9 ! audi5ce :o fail$ to wond] :y ! actor :o _h spok5 ! l9e ab\t ! clock did n reappe> accord+ to promise4 ,at a c]ta9 po9t 9 ! action ( ! drama1 j :]e ! int]v5tion ( someone f outside w\ld h be5 mo/ opportune1 ! audi5ce expect$ t ! jewel] w\ld make 8 reappe>ance2 b ( c\rse he did n1 ! play end$ z ! au?or _h int5d$ x to end--& ! audi5ce w5t out feel+ t some?+ _h gone wrong some:]e--z x _h4 ,! lesson to ! photoplaywright is pla93 ,nev] introduce into ! e>ly sc5es ( ! sc5>io any incid5t t is likely to mislead ! spectator into ?9k+ t x is ( suffici5t importance to affect ! ultimate d5\em5t1 :5 x really has no be>+ ^u x4 ,rev]se ?is1 & y h ano!r good rule to foll[ 9 writ+ ! sc5>io4 ,z "o critic said 9 sub/ance1 if y int5d to h "o ( y\r *>act]s die ( he>t disease t[>d ! end ( ! play1 prep>e y\r audi5ce = ?is ev5t by regi/]+ 9 an e>li] sc5e ! fact t 8 he>t is affect$4 ,d n drag 9 a sc5e to make ?is fact cle>1 b1 9 two or ?ree diff]5t sc5es1 h him %[ t 8 he>t is weak1 & be sure t e "o ( ^! sc5es s]ves ! d\ble purpose ( regi/]+ ?is fact & introduc+ o!r important action relevant to ! plot4 ,9 o!r words1 make ! slight attacks :i* ! man exp]i5ces all ?r\gh ! /ory m]ely incid5tal to ! sc5es 9 :i* !y occur4 ,!n :5 ! fatal attack comes1 ! audi5ce is prep>$ = x1 yet !y h n be5 actually look+ =w>d to x ?r\gh sev]al sc5es4 ,:ile speak+ ( he>t disease1 we w\ld call ! att5tion ( ! writ] to an obs]vation lately made by ! photoplay critic ( ,! ,dramatic ,mirror3 ,sc5>io writ]s not)/&+1 x is exceptional = p to die because an unexpect$ piece ( news %ocks !m1 ev5 :5 !y suff] f weak he>ts4 ,robu/ m5 d n "p f life s readily1 & film trag$ies ( ?is k9d g5]ally fail to c>ry conviction because ! facts pres5t$ are divorc$ f ! cu/om>y laws ( nature4 ,d n introduce a new "* 9 "o ( ! late sc5es1 especially if he or %e is importantly connect$ ) ! plot1 ev5 ?\gh y use t "* 9 ! picture = only a brief int]val4 ,if ! appe>ance ( a c]ta9 man 9 "o ( ! late sc5es w help 9 sav+ ! life ( a condemn$ man1 try to plan ! entrance ( ?is "* into ! /ory 9 an e>li] sc5e1 ev5 ?\gh only = a p]iod long en\gh to e/abli% :o & :at he is4 ,9 ?is way y may avoid a long & o!rwise unnecess>y lead] j :5 y are approa*+ y\r climax & ?us halt ! int]e/4 #f4 ,action ,may ,be ,too ,rapid ,if y are writ+ ! sc5>io ( a dramatic plot1 x is evid5t t1 )9 reasonable limits1 ! m dramatic situations--! m pun*es1 9 ! v]nacul>--y c put into x1 ! m likely x is to f9d favor 9 ! eyes ( ! editor & ! produc]4 ,b too _m writ]s1 consci\s ( ?is fact1 make ! mi/ake ( =c+ ! pace4 ,! solid photoplay ( today %\ld n be made to resemble a *eap melodrama1 9 :i* some?+ highly s5sational is sure to happ5 e ?ree m9utes4 ,j because y h se5 a s5sational episode 9 a play on ! scre51 d n attempt to cr[d y\r sc5>io ) m9or ?rills & s5sations1 reg>dless ( :e!r ! incid5t pictur$ is relevant to ! plot4 ,if y\r plot is a /rong "o1 its unfold+ w sugge/ sc5es ( suffici5t dramatic quality to hold ! int]e/4 ,b d n se>* y\r bra9 = />tl+ situations to introduce "h1 !re1 & ev]y:]e 9 ! action1 pay+ no att5tion to :e!r !y h little1 if any?+1 to d ) ! plot4 ,imag9ation is ! writ]'s greate/ asset1 b imag9ation run riot is photoplay madness4 ,x mu/ be intellig5tly ex]cis$ else x w fairly run away ) ! plot1 & ! result w be a lit]>y wreck4 ,y mu/ /udy--& h5ce realize at lea/ fairly completely--! possibilities ( y\r /ory be=e y />t to write x at all4 ,haphaz>d "w w nev] br+ y any?+--9 photoplay writ+ or 9 any o!r creative l9e4 #g4 ,c5traliz+ ! ,int]e/ ,x is almo/ impossible to produce a really effective photoplay )\t c5t]+ ! att5tion ( ! spectator on "o ( ! pr9cipal *>act]s & hold+ x !re until ! end4 ,ev5 :5 ! pr9cipal *>act]s are lov]s1 ei!r "o or ! o!r is b\nd to /& out 9 ! picture m ?an ! o!r4 ,z 9 a play on ! regul> /age1 ei!r ! h]o or ! h]o9e mu/ dom9ate ! action or ! spectator is v likely to miss "s ( ! be/ po9ts ( ! plot because ( ! %ift+ int]e/4 ,9 su* a play z ,romeo & ,juliet1 _m w\ld f9d x difficult to det]m9e :i* ( ! two pr9cipal *>act]s evokes ! m sympa?y & int]e/ 9 ! spectators4 ,yet a c>eful /udy ( ! play w leave no d\bt t x 0 ,%akespe>e's int5tion t "o ( ! two />-cross$ lov]s--,juliet--%\ld dom9ate ! action ( ! drama v subtly & c]ta9ly1 ! o!r be+1 ?\gh 9 only ! slighte/ degree1 x is true1 subord9ate to ! pr9cipal4 ,! same ?+ is true 9 ! /ories ( ,damon & ,py?ias1 ,paolo & ,francesca1 & ,pelleas & ,melis&e4 ,y mu/ det]m9e at ! v beg9n+ :e!r x is to be ! man or ! woman1 &1 hav+ tra9$ ! spot-light ^u t "o1 keep x !re until ! end4 ,a c]ta9 picture1 releas$ ab\t f\r ye>s ago by a ,european manufactur]1 0 conc]n$ ) a husb&1 8 wife1 & 8 fri5d--a man :o = a p]iod ( "s mon?s 0 a gue/ 9 ! home ( ! pair4 ,9 ! ord9>y s5se1 x 0 n a problem plot2 ! fri5d 0 an honorable man1 & ! husb&1 :o _h ! mo/ s9c]e admiration = 8 old college companion1 0 a f9e fell[ 9 e way4 ,yet1 z ! /ory progress$ x became app>5t t !re _h be5 a love affair betwe5 ! wife & h] husb&'s fri5d :5 !y 7 bo? sc>cely m ?an *ildr54 ,little incid5ts 9 ! action ( ! next few sc5es gradually caus$ ! audi5ce to sympa?ize ) ! fri5d4 ,!n1 t[>d ! end ( ! play1 ! sympa?y 0 def9itely %ift$ to ! husb&4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 view$ 9 ! prop] light1 0 z x %\ld be2 b only a sc5e or two f ! end ( ! picture an incid5t happ5$ t aga9 caus$ ! audi5ce to feel t x 0 ! fri5d :o alone des]v$ ! woman's love4 ,! result 0 t out ( all ! hundr$s ( p :o saw ! picture 9 ! two days dur+ :i* x 0 %[n at a c]ta9 !atre1 none express$ !mselves z be+ satisfi$ ) x1 al?\gh only a few 7 able to say directly t !y did n approve ( ! play because ( ! frequ5tly %ift$ int]e/4 ,?us ! picture fail$ because :oev] wrote x did n keep 9 m9d ! important fact t divid$ int]e/ w g a long way t[>d de/roy+ ! dramatic value ( any /ory1 reg>dless ( h[ p]fect x may be o!rwise4 ,use z few pr9cipals z possible1 no matt] h[ _m m9or *>act]s or extra p are employ$2 & be sure to keep ! subord9ate *>act]s 9 ! backgr\nd suffici5tly to prev5t !m f detract+ 9 any way f ! int]e/ t %\ld be con/antly fix$ ^u y\r pr9cipals1 & especially ! two pr9cipals :o make possible n9e-t5?s ( all ! /ories writt54 #h4 ,manag+ ,*anges ( ,sc5e ,9 prep>+ ! sc5>io x is important to rememb] t if a lead] is introduc$ be=e a sc5e1 ! lead] %\ld be writt5 fir/1 & foll[$ by ! numb] & description ( ! sc5e4 ,& 9 describ+ y\r sc5es y %\ld /udy ! conv5i5ce ( ! director3 :]e m ?an "o sc5e is to be done 9 a set1 ref] back to ! orig9al sc5e numb]4 ,?us if ,sc5e #e is ! %]iff's (fice1 & ! same backgr\nd is us$ = sc5es #g1 #i1 & #ad1 :5 writ+ ,sc5e #ad say3 #ad--,%]iff's (fice1 same z #e-- ,no matt] h[ _m times t sett+ may be us$ z ! backgr\nd = a sc5e ( y\r /ory1 write x out e "t j z y did at fir/4 ,d n m]ely say3 ,same z #e4 ,foll[ ! sc5e numb]1 :e!r x be #g1 #i1 or #ad1 )3 ,%]iff's (fice2 !n add ! same z #e4 ,also1 d n =get :at 0 said 9 ,*apt] ,,vi reg>d+ ! writ+ ( y\r sc5e-numb] at #j 7or #j & #a1 if !re are two figures7 on ! scale-b> ( y\r typewrit]4 ,9 ?is way1 if #e is y\r left m>g9al /op1 y w h almo/ a half-in* space betwe5 ! numb] & ! description ( ! sc5e4 ,bridge ?is space ) ! hyph5 or %ort-da% "*1 & y w be sure t ! director's att5tion is quickly drawn to ea* *ange ( sc5e4 ,x is extremely important to rememb] t 9 tell+ y\r /ory 9 action ev5 ! slighte/ *ange ( location means ano!r sc5e4 ,let u make ?is po9t p]fectly cle>3 ,suppose y h a sc5e 9 :i* a fire ladd] is plac$ aga9/ ! wall ( a burn+ build+1 only ! l[] "p ( ! ladd] %[+ 9 ! picture4 ,a fireman />ts to m\nt1 & f9ally disappe>s ov]head4 ,! sc5e *anges1 & we see ! upp] w9d[s ( ! build+ & ! upp] portion ( ! ladd]4 ,sudd5ly ! fireman's head appe>s z he climbs up 7into ! picture71 !n 8 :ole body comes into view1 & pres5tly he climbs 9 at "o ( ! w9d[s4 ,^! are writt5 9 z two sep>ate sc5es1 ?\gh x is pla9 t 9 real life !y are actually "o1 & 9 ! photoplay !y are n sep>at$ ev5 by an ins]t ( any k9d1 ?us seem+ to be "o1 z int5d$4 ,b n[ suppose t :5 ! fireman />ts up ! ladd] ! cam]aman foll[s him--tilts 8 cam]a s t ! result is a %ift+ /age--! eye ( ! spectator foll[+ ! fireman z he goes up & until he rea*es ! top ( ! ladd] & climbs 9 at ! w9d[4 ,t1 ( c\rse1 con/itutes only "o sc5e--! sw++ ( ! cam]a to foll[ ! progress ( ! actor simply enl>ges ! /age1 z x 74 ,su* sc5es z ?is second "o are frequ5tly se5 9 photoplays--an a]oplane leav+ ! gr\nd & ris+ 9 its flight1 a b& ( horsem5 rid+ across & ev5tually out ( a picture1 a man climb+ d[n ! side ( a cliff1 & ! l4 ,b z a rule !y are simply arrang$ by ! director's in/ruct+ ! cam]aman to sw+ 8 cam]a z describ$--! writ] ( ! script does n introduce an actual direction to ! director to obta9 ! effect 9 ?is way b writes !m 9 z two sc5es4 ,9 tak+ su* panoramic sc5es z ^? j describ$1 ! tripod ( ! cam]a rema9s unmov$4 ,ev5 9 a railroad drama1 :]e we see an eng9e run d[n a track = a qu>t] ( a mile or m1 ! cam]a is m\nt$ on ano!r tra91 :i* closely foll[s ! "o se5 9 ! picture1 & h5ce x is pla9ly1 f a te*nical /&po9t1 only "o sc5e1 ?\gh :ile x is be+ %[n on ! scre5 ! backgr\nd is *ang+ cont9u\sly4 ,x is ! abrupt %ift+ f "o locality to ano!r t con/itutes a *ange ( sc5e 9 ! photoplay4 ,?is be+ s1 x foll[s t ea* *ange ( sc5e mu/ be giv5 a sep>ate sc5e-numb] 9 y\r sc5>io4 ,we h exam9$ doz5s ( amateur scripts 9 :i* sc5es w\ld be f\nd writt5 ?us3 #h--,libr>y1 same z #b4 ,tom looks on floor1 fails to f9d locket1 & !n goes into "o room aft] ano!r se>*+ = x4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is impossible4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! director 7 will+ to %[ ,tom go+ ?r\gh ! diff]5t rooms look+ = ! lo/ piece ( jewelry1 ea* sc5e w\ld h to be sep>ately & consecutively numb]$ 9 ! sc5>io4 ,if 9 ! t5? room visit$ ,tom %\ld f9d ! locket & !n g out on ! piazza to speak to ,mabel ab\t x1 ! sc5e %[+ ! piazza w\ld be #ah & n #i4 ,x is q z incorrect to divide into two or m p>ts ! action ( :at %\ld be "o sc5e1 z already expla9$1 z x is to try to make "o sc5e out ( two or m by runn+ !m toge!r 9 ! way illu/rat$ 9 ! =ego+ bad example4 ,to avoid bo? errors1 be> 9 m9d t besides giv+ e sc5e a sep>ate sc5e numb]1 y mu/ write a sc5e into y\r sc5>io :5ev] x is necess>y to supply a new backgr\nd = "s bit ( action4 ,= example1 y _c say3 ,sc5e #d4 ,john comes out ( ! /ore1 walks d[n ! /reet = a c\ple ( blocks1 & ent]s ! bank on ! corn]4 ,t mu* action w\ld be writt5 ab\t z foll[s3 #a--;,ext]ior ( /ore4 ,john comes out ( /ore & walks d[n /reet1 out ( picture4 #b--,/reet4 ,ent] ,john4 ,passes d[n /reet & out ( picture4 #c--;,ext]ior ( bank on /reet corn]4 ,john comes d[n /reet1 approa*es bank1 & ent]s4 ,9 ! =ego+ example1 ?ree sc5es are giv5 to %[ h[ ,john gets f ! /ore to ! bank2 b x might n be really necess>y to take ?ree sc5es to %[ ?is action4 ,we might see ,john leave ! /ore & />t d[n ! /reet1 ! cam]a be+ set up 9 su* a way z to take 9 n only ! doorway ( ! /ore b also a consid]able portion ( ! /reet4 ,if ! sc5e %[+ ! front ( ! bank 7 plann$ 9 ! same way1 s z to %[ ,john approa*+ up ! /reet1 z ?\gh com+ f ! /ore1 ! connect+ sc5e 7#b71 :i* m]ely %[s him betwe5 ! two po9ts1 c\ld v well be left out altoge!r1 to be suppli$ by ! imag9ation ( ! spectators4 ,exp]i5ce alone--comb9$ ) ! /udy ( ! pictures se5 on ! scre5--c tea* y j :at sc5es are really necess>y & :i* may be avoid$2 ! po9t to rememb] is t y %\ld n wa/e footage on ev5 ! %orte/ sc5e t c be elim9at$ )\t detract+ f ! int]e/ or break+ ! logical sequ5ce ( ! ev5ts 9 y\r /ory4 ,9 o!r words1 make x y\r h>d & fa/ rule to write no?+ into y\r sc5>io t does n aid mat]ially 9 tell+ y\r /ory & mak+ y\r mean+ cle> to ! spectator4 ,on ! o!r h&1 see t y omit no?+ t w t5d to produce ! same result4 ,go+ back to ! example j giv51 we w\ld po9t out t we purposely introduc$ into x an example ( :at n to d4 ,sc5e #c is describ$ z ! ext]ior ( bank on /reet corn]4 ,t is some?+ t x is be/ to leave entirely to ! director4 ,let him d ! locat+ ( all ! build+s us$ 9 a /ory1 unless !re is an exceptionally good reason :y y %\ld specify j :]e a c]ta9 build+ ought to be4 ,! *ances are t !re is no special reason :y ! bank 9 y\r /ory %\ld be locat$ on ! corn] ( ! /reet1 & ! director might be able to locate a bank suitable = ! purpose ( ! sc5e 9 "q )9 a block or two ( ! /udio4 ,if !re is a really important reason = hav+ ! bank on ! corn]1 he may h to g a mile or m away f ! /udio to f9d "o2 &1 inasmu* z x is frequ5tly ! case t ! director w take 8 cam]aman & ! necess>y actor or actors out ) him1 & d su* a sc5e z ?is "o outside ! bank :ile ano!r set is be+ built up inside ! /udio = him to "w 91 x w easily be se5 t ! m y c help him out by mak+ ?+s conv5i5t = him ! m likely he is to express a desire to exam9e o!r /ories writt5 by y4 ,?is po9t w be> repeat+3 ,a sc5e is s mu* ( ! entire action z is tak5 9 "o place )\t /opp+ ! cam]a2 9 its photoplay s5se1 sc5e nev] ref]s to ! action betwe5 c]ta9 play]s1 nor does a new sc5e comm5ce :5 ano!r "* ent]s ^u a sc5e already 9 c\rse ( action4 ,x is a mi/ake1 9 work+ out ! sc5>io1 to keep ! action 9 ! same sett+ too long at a "t4 ,frequ5t *anges ( sc5e are advisable4 ,9 8 article 9 ,! ,photoplay ,au?or = ,m>*1 #aiac1 ,mr4 ,c4,b4 ,hoadley tells ( a script writt5 by a well-kn[n actress :o is also ! au?or ( sev]al successful legitimate dramas4 ,hav+ appe>$ 9 a notable picture drama1 %e det]m9$ to take up photoplay writ+ h]self4 ,h] fir/ ef=t--a com$y drama--0 return$4 ,! lady 0 highly indignant2 yet ! reason = ! rejection ( h] script becomes app>5t :5 x is kn[n t ! entire action ( h] /ory occurr$ 9 a hotel corridor & 9 a room 9 ! same ho/elry4 ,only n9ete5 sc5es 7 us$1 & ( ^!1 eighte5 7 to be play$ 9 ! "o room )\t a break 9 ! sett+s4 ,imag9e ! monotony ( su* a production1 ev5 on ! regul> /age6 ,b :ile x is be/ to h a frequ5t *ange ( sc5e1 x is also a mi/ake to risk confus+ ! spectator by *ang+ (t5 f "o sc5e to ano!r f> remov$ f ! fir/1 especially )\t ! use ( "s explanatory ins]t4 ,9 connection ) ! error ( "s amateur writ]s ref]r$ to on page #adf1 ( mak+ :at is 7or w\ld be1 if _! script 0 work$ out z plann$ by !m7 actually "o sc5e :5 !y int5d x to be two1 x may be said t ?is is "o ( ! commone/ & mo/ amus+ errors ( beg9n]s4 ,! mi/ake lies simply 9 _! failure to obs]ve ! rule ( always sep>at+ two diff]5t sc5es 9 ! same set or location by int]pos+ a sc5e 9 a diff]5t sett+1 or by introduc+ a lead]4 ,if ?is rule is n obs]v$1 ! result--ev5 ?\gh x goes no f>!r ?an ! amateur script--is decid$ly funny4 ,to illu/rate1 take ! foll[+ example3 #bc--;,b$room1 same z #ab-- ,?orn1 /ill look+ ?r\gh cont5ts ( bureau draw]1 /ops1 li/5s1 indicates t he he>s someone com+ d[n hall1 & !n1 clos+ draw]1 crosses to ! w9d[ aga9 & makes 8 escape4 #bd--;,b$room1 same z #ab-- ,tom is sitt+ at ! table op5+ ! lett]s laid !re by ! l&lady4 ,he op5s "o1 etc41 etc4 ,a glance at ! =ego+ w %[ t1 if produc$ z writt51 ! result on ! scre5 w\ld be a cont9u\s sc5e 9 ! b$room sett+4 ,?orn w\ld be se5 mak+ 8 exit by way ( ! w9d[1 & !n in/antly !re w\ld be ,tom sitt+ at ! table1 op5+ 8 mail6 ,!re w\ld be lack+ ! logical action ( 8 com+ into ! room1 cross+ to ! table1 & sitt+ d[n4 ,! :ole effect w\ld be mu* ! same z 9 ^? fairy plays produc$ sev]al ye>s ago1 :]e /op cam]a "w 0 resort$ to to obta9 ! effect ( a sup]natural be+ sudd5ly appe>+ on ! sc5e1 greatly to ! a/oni%m5t ( ! m]e mortals pres5t4 ,introduce a sc5e %[+ ,?orn j l&+ on ! gr\nd aft] slid+ d[n a ra9-wat] pipe f ! ro( ( ! v]&a1 or ev5 ins]t a lead] betwe5 ! two sc5es z n[ writt51 & ! m9d ( ! spectator is prep>$ = almo/ any?+ t he may f9d to be go+ on 9 t room :5 he sees x aga94 ,b too mu* c>e _c be tak5 to gu>d aga9/ ev]y?+ t may make = j]ky or illogical action ( ?is k9d4 ,! m]ciless scissors ( a c>eless op]ator 9 ! picture !atre may remove ?ree or f\r in*es ( ! film at a c]ta9 po9t1 ) ! result t a "* leav+ "o side ( ! room & />t+ to g out by ! door on ! o!r side may be made to cross ! room at a b\nd1 caus+ a surpris$ laugh at a v s]i\s mom5t ( y\r play4 ,d n approximate ?is ludicr\s effect by writ+ y\r sc5es z illu/rat$ 9 ! =ego+ example4 ,/ill ano!r laughable error ( ! novice is to introduce into a sc5e c]ta9 action :i* c\ld n be prop]ly regi/]$ 9 m]e pantomime4 ,we lately exam9$ an amateur script 9 :i* ! foll[+ appe>$ z "p ( ! action betwe5 a girl & a man 9 a f>m location3 s 7,m>y7 tells ! /rang] t h] fa!r is ov] 9 ! next field1 milk+ ! c[4 ,he />ts to1 etc4 ,n[1 :e!r or n ! spectator 9 ! !atre 7 %[n a previ\s sc5e 9 :i* ,fa!r actually milk$ a c[1 ! pantomime ( ,m>y1 9 try+ to make pla9 )\t ! aid ( a cut-9 lead] ! fact t %e 0 tell+ ! man :at h] fa!r 0 do+1 w\ld be extremely ludicr\s1 to say ! lea/4 ,y mu/ give ?\ght to e bit ( action y write1 rememb]+ t x is ( no use to say t s-&-s happ5s if ! action describ$ w n regi/] cle>ly 9 pantomime4 ,"h aga9 exp]i5ce w tea* y :at to put 9 & :at to leave out4 #i4 ,! ,cut-,back ,read]s ( ! boys' /ory pap]s publi%$ a few ye>s ago w rememb] h[ at ! end ( "o *apt] ! h]o w\ld be left hang+ by a sl5d] v9e ov] a yawn+ *asm1 "o ?\s& feet deep4 ,! next *apt]1 in/ead ( cont9u+ ! logical sequ5ce ( action & expla9+ h[ he 0 rescu$--or rescu$ himself--w\ld beg93 ,let u n[ return to ,capta9 ,b>l[ & ,pr(essor ,:ipple1 :om we left fac+ ! b& ( dw>fs at ! m\? ( ! cave1 etc4 ,^! /ories exemplifi$ practically ! same te*nique z is employ$ today by photoplaywrights :o use :at has become kn[n z ! cut-back1 sometimes ref]r$ to z ! fla%-back4 ,mr4 ,d4,w4 ,griffi? is commonly cr$it$ ) hav+ inv5t$ ?is te*nical device1 :i* is simply a frequ5t swit*+ f "o sc5e to ano!r1 & !n back aga9 to ! fir/1 9 ord] to height5 int]e/ by ma9ta9+ ! susp5se4 ,its use has be5 well illu/rat$ by ,mr4 ,c4,b4 ,hoadley1 :o cites a play 9 :i* ! contra/+ pictures ( a gambl] seat$ at c>ds ) convivial companions1 & 8 wife at home 9 a scantily furni%$ room keep+ vigil at ! b$side ( _! sick *ild1 are fla%$ back & =? 9 su* a mann] z to keep ! contra/ be=e ! spectators :ile yet develop+ ! drama effectively4 ,ano!r good example ( ! use ( ! cut-back 0 %[n 9 an old ,biograph subject1 ,?ree ,fri5ds4 ,"o ( ?ree fri5ds :o h sworn nev] to sep>ate falls 9 love ) a "y woman ( ! village & m>ries h]4 ,a second ( ! trio is enrag$ to ?9k t 8 fri5d has brok5 up ! triangle2 ! ?ird1 ( bett] nature1 is m]ely v mu* disappo9t$4 ,z a result ( break+ up ! trio1 ! two ba*elors leave ! factory to g to ano!r t[n4 ,a baby is born to ! "y m>ri$ c\ple1 & !y are v happy = a "t4 ,!n ! second fri5d1 ,jim1 comes back to 8 old %op to take ! position ( =eman4 ,z ! result ( a qu>rel betwe5 him & ! "y husb&1 ! latt] is dis*>g$4 ,f t "t on ?+s g badly ) ! "y c\ple1 & soon bad is foll[$ by worse4 ,:5 !y are on ! v]ge ( />vation1 & ! husb& has return$ home aft] a fruitless se>* = "w1 ! wife goes out to try to beg a bottle ( milk4 ,:ile %e is away1 ! husb&1 ?or\ghly di%e>t5$1 resolves to ask h] to die ) him1 confid5t t neighbors w c>e = ! *ild4 ,%e returns home empty h&$1 &1 ?\gh at fir/ %ock$ & horrifi$ by 8 proposal1 f9ally cons5ts4 ,j z ! husb& cov]s 8 wife's eyes ) 8 h& & raises ! pi/ol1 ! two fri5ds ( =m] days bur/ into ! room4 ,"o ( ! husb&'s %op-mates has told ! ?ird fri5d ( h[ ,jim fir$ him--z a lead] tells u--& ! reproa*es ( ! ?ird fri5d h be5 in/rum5tal 9 br++ ab\t a feel+ ( remorse 9 ! he>t ( ! =eman4 ,! two hurry toge!r to ! little home1 arriv+ j 9 "t to prev5t ! trag$y4 ,all ?r\gh ?is picture ! cut-back is us$ mo/ effectively4 ,e>ly 9 ! action1 suppos$ly a day or two aft] ! "y man _h met 8 future wife1 we are %[n ! two o!r m5 wait+ = him at ! saloon1 ! ?ree glasses ( be] /&+ unt\*$ ^u ! table4 ,! sc5e !n swit*es to ! "y man & ! girl out walk+1 gaz+ f a bridge into ! riv]4 ,back to ! saloon aga91 & we see ! two fri5ds look+ at _! wat*es1 ab\t to leave1 ! ?ird glass /ill /&+ unt\*$4 ,!n1 back to ano!r pretty ext]ior1 :]e ! "y man proposes & is accept$4 ,t[>d ! climax1 ! use ( ! cut-back becomes ev5 m effective3 we see ! wife g out to get ! milk2 ! two fri5ds at ! same old table 9 ! saloon2 ! husb& b5d+ ov] ! *ild1 tak+ out ! revolv]1 & indicat+ :at is 9 8 m9d to d2 !n ! sc5e 9 ! saloon1 :]e ! f\r? man tells ! k9d-he>t$ fri5d h[ ! =eman has dis*>g$ 8 =m] comrade2 back 9 ! h\se aga91 we see ! man & ! woman prep>$ to die toge!r2 !n ! ext]ior ( ! saloon1 ) ! two fri5ds com+ out2 ano!r home sc5e lead+ up to ! expect$ trag$y2 ! two fri5ds hurry+ d[n a /reet--& ev5 ?\gh !y are hurry+1 we "k t !y are unaw>e ( :at is go+ on 9 ! h\se :i* is _! de/9ation1 & we are fe>ful le/ !y may arrive too late2 ! man ) 8 h& held ov] ! eyes ( 8 wife1 ! revolv] be+ sl[ly rais$2 ! two fri5ds at ! gate ( ! cottage2 & !n ! climax z !y ent] ! room j 9 "t to av]t ! trag$y4 ,?us ! cut-back effect kept susp5se & int]e/ at highe/ pit* e mom5t4 ,"s ye>s ago ! same company releas$ a drama1 ,! ,cord ( ,life1 9 :i* ! cut-back 0 us$ s effectively to height5 ! susp5se & add to ! ?rill t _m p 9 ! audi5ce ( ! !atre 7 lean+ =w>d 9 _! seats & mak+ excit$ comm5ts--! supreme te/ ( a picture ) a pun*4 ,"o caution is necess>y 9 ! use ( ! cut-back--d n use x z an excuse to digress4 ,above ev]y?+ else1 :5 y h />t$ ! ball ( y\r plot roll+1 keep x roll+ =w>d4 ,y mu/ n swit* back to "s e>li] sc5e = ! purpose ( pick+ up a po9t t y h ov]look$4 ,nor is x possible to g back & foll[ ! *>act]s :o h be5 tempor>ily disp5s$ )4 ,if !y reappe>1 x mu/ be 9 a sc5e :i* naturally foll[s1 & does n come ) a s5se ( p]plex+ surprise4 ,rememb] ?is3 ,:5 *>act]s are re9troduc$ !y mu/ n h be5 too long abs5t f ! plot-movem5t1 b !y mu/ h be5 all ! "t consci\sly or subconsci\sly pres5t 9 ! m9d ( ! spectator z be+ ess5tially 9 ! /ory4 ,unfri5dly critics ( ! photoplay--& !re are "s su*--h said "s h>% ?+s ab\t ! mugg+ close-up & ! n]ve-wrack+ cut-backs1 nor h _! criticisms be5 :olly )\t po9t & ju/ification4 ,b only1 ( c\rse1 :5 ^! te*nical devices are abus$ by ov]-use4 ,mr4 ,s>g5t has po9t$ out t ! close-up ( ! sil5t drama is only ano!r =m ( ! spot-light us$ on ! regul> /age1 &1 simil>ly1 ! cut-back f9ds its duplicate 9 ! (f-/age s\nd-effects ( ! regul> drama4 ,in/ead ( ! gallop+ horse effects ( ! legitimate /age1 we get on ! scre5 ! actual sc5e ( ! horseman da%+ ahead4 ,b any?+ ov]done is bad1 & cut-backs & o!r simil> devices are no exception to ?is rule4 ,n only is our att5tion call$ to ! fact t ! writ] or director is work+ a c]ta9 te*nical trick to dea?1 b 9 foll[+ ! /ory its work+ out is spoil$ = u z a result ( ! v ?+ us$ ) ! int5tion ( height5+ our int]e/4 ,ev5 ,griffi?1 9 8 big production1 ',he>ts ( ! ,_w1' taxes susp5se too f> at "o po9t1 says ,mr4 ,s>g5t4 ,s clev] a trick/] z he 7&1 l ,belasco1 he is m ! arti/ic trick/] ?an ! arti/7 has fail$ to realize t susp5se1 c>ri$ too f>1 becomes fir/ tiresome & !n amus+4 ,?is applies mo/ directly to ! s+le situation1 b x is almo/ equally applicable to a situation /rong 9 itself1 b :i* is dep5d$ ^u to yield susp5se out ( proportion to its value4 ,&1 s9ce ,mr4 ,griffi?'s ma9 susp5se-produc] has always be5 8 self-inv5t$ cut-back device1 ! error ( ov]-us+ ?is te*nical trick is made ev5 m app>5t by :at ?is critic po9ts out4 ,"h aga9 a c>eful /udy ( ! me?ods ( sev]al diff]5t lead+ directors is y\r be/ guide4 #aj4 ,h[ ,v>i\s ,k9ds ( ,ins]ts ,are ,us$ ,! use ( lead]s1 lett]s1 & o!r ins]ts ne$s "s treatm5t 9 connection ) ! sc5>io4 ,! ord9>y /atem5t-lead]1 su* z ,two ye>s lat]4 ,bob returns to 8 old home1 is us$ be=e ! sc5e to :i* x applies4 ,x %[s ! spectator ! passage ( "t1 & expla9s :at is ab\t to foll[4 ,! ord9>y1 be=e-!-sc5e1 lead]1 is frequ5tly employ$ to make su* a /atem5t z1 ,tom accuses 8 bro!r ( hav+ =g$ ! *eck4 ,b ! o!r way ( tell+ ! audi5ce :at ,tom does is ! use ( ! cut-9 lead]--( :i* m lat]4 ,?is enables u to read ,tom's own words--! di/+ui%+ m>k ( ! cut-94 ,?is v effective =m ( ! lead] takes its "n f ! fact t x cuts 91 or is ins]t$ into1 ! mid/ ( a sc5e4 ,t ! cut-9 lead] may tell all t is necess>y mu* bett] ?an c\ld a long /atem5t ( :at is go+ on is evid5t because ! direct words ( a "* are m effective ?an ! same ideas express$ 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,ano!r consid]ation is t us+ ! cut-9 & omitt+ ! lead] be=e ! sc5e makes x possible to />t ! sc5e ) action t does n at fir/ disclose ,tom's int5tion4 ,!n :5 ! prop] mom5t arrives1 ! cut-9 lead] is fla%$ on ! scre51 & ! result is t1 in/ead ( ! spectator's anticipat+ :at is ab\t to happ51 he is likely to be z mu* tak5 by surprise z is ! guilty bro!r4 ,aft] introduc+ ! cut-9 lead]1 write ,back to sc5e1 ! same z aft] an ins]t$ lett]1 telegram1 newspap] item1 or ! l4 ,9 :at foll[s we give examples ( prop] sc5>io =m1 z well z examples ( ! way 9 :i* ! lead]1 cut-9 lead]1 lett]1 bu/1 & mask are us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,view ( ,/age1 ,lub9 ,/udio1 ,los ,angeles1 ,cali=nia ,illu/ration3 ,w>drobe ,room 9 a ,photoplay ,/udio ,lead]--,,tom ,,discov]s ,,8 ,,bro!r',s ,,crime #i--,maxwell's libr>y1 same z #d-- ,tom ent]s1 foll[$ by ,ralph4 ,tom goes /raight to desk1 op5s x1 & takes out envelope4 ,f x he takes ,ralph's lett] & ! *eck4 ,glances ov] lett] aga91 ,ralph /&+ by1 wat*+ him ) n]v\s expression4 ,on scre51 lett]4 ,de> ,blakely3 ,i s5d y enclos$ my fa!r's *eck to cov] am\nt ( my debt to y4 ,k9dly s5d receipt to me at old address4 ,y\rs1 ,,ralph ,,maxwell4 ,back to sc5e4 ,tom lays lett] on desk & picks up *eck1 look+ at x closely4 ,sudd5ly />ts1 fr[ns1 glances at ,ralph1 & !n looks int5tly at *eck aga94 ,op5s draw] ( desk & takes out read+-glass4 ,hold+ *eck 9 left h&1 he exam9es x closely ?r\gh ! glass4 #aj--;,bu/ ( ,tom's left h& hold+ *eck1 "r h& grasp+ glass1 focus+ ! glass ^u ! "n sign$ to ! *eck4 ,?is %[s t ! "n has be5 writt5 9 a v %aky h&4 #aa--;,back to #i-- ,tom lays read+-glass on desk1 looks at 8 bro!r accus+ly1 & !n ?ru/s *eck close to 8 face4 ,lead]--,,ralph1 ,,y ,,=g$ ,,?is ,,*eck6 ,back to sc5e4 ,ralph looks at ,tom despair+ly1 8 face betray+ 8 guilt4 ,tom hangs head 9 %ame1 at ?\ght ( 8 bro!r's crime4 #ab--;,hallway1 %[+ door ( libr>y-- ,wilk9s1 ! butl]1 kneel+ be=e libr>y door1 8 eye glu$ to key-hole4 #ac--,portion ( libr>y1 same z #d1 se5 ?r\gh key-hole-- ,ralph is expla9+ to ,tom h[ he came to owe ,blakely ! money1 etc4 ,n[ let u take up ! diff]5t po9ts j z !y h be5 introduc$ 9 ! =ego+ example1 & briefly expla9 ea*4 ,! lead] is %[n1 fir/ ( all1 simply z an example ( an ord9>y be=e-!-sc5e lead]4 ,9 writ+ a sc5>io su* z ! "o ( :i* ?is might be a "p1 if y introduc$ ! cut-9 lead] 9 ,sc5e #aa1 !re w\ld be no necessity = giv+ also ! ord9>y bald /atem5t-lead] be=e ,sc5e #i4 ,! fact t ,tom discov]s 8 bro!r's crime is made pla9] by ,tom's own spok5 words1 9 ,sc5e #aa1 ?an an ord9>y lead] be=e ! fir/ sc5e 9 ! libr>y 79 ?is example7 c\ld make x4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is sc5e 7#i7 ,tom reads 8 bro!r's uns5t lett]1 & y write ,on scre51 lett]1 foll[+ ?is note to ! director ) ! lett] itself4 ,aft] ! lett] y write ,back to sc5e1 %[+ t ! sc5e 9 ! libr>y is n end$ & t ! action :i* is brok5 by ! fla%+ on ! scre5 ( ! lett] is cont9u$ j z soon z ,tom lays ! lett] d[n--t is1 z soon z x disappe>s f ! scre54 ,! bu/ comes next1 b s9ce we wi% to comp>e ! bu/ ) ano!r te*nical device1 ! close-up1 let u pass x by 9 detail = ! mom5t4 ,b y mu/ rememb]1 :5 introduc+ a bu/1 t x is a sep>ate sc5e1 & mu/1 !re=e1 be giv5 a sep>ate & di/9ct sc5e-numb]4 ,! bu/ breaks ! sc5e 9 ! libr>y z ,tom scrut9izes ! *eck ?r\gh ! read+-glass4 ,! lett] previ\sly %[n also broke ! sc5e1 or int]rupt$ ! action2 b ! bu/1 be+ consid]$ z a sep>ate sc5e1 is giv5 a sc5e-numb]--#aj4 ,aft] ! bu/ 7#aj71 ,sc5e #aa takes u back to ! libr>y2 b we d n foll[ ! sc5e-numb] 7#aa7 ) ,maxwell's libr>y1 same z #d 7#d1 z ! example %[s1 0 ! numb] ( ! fir/ sc5e play$ 9 ! libr>y74 ,in/ead1 we write #aa--;,back to #i1 :i* %[s t ! action 9 ! libr>y is pick$ up & cont9u$ f ! po9t :]e x end$ 7on ! scre57 :5 ! bu/ picture 0 fla%$4 #aa4 ,masks ,aft] ,tom has op5ly accus$ 8 bro!r ( =g]y1 z %[n by ! cut-9 lead]1 ! sc5e *anges to ! hallway outside ! libr>y door4 ,we see ,wilk9s1 ! butl]1 :o is implicat$ 9 ! plot aga9/ ,ralph1 kneel+ & pe]+ into ! room ?r\gh ! key-hole4 ,?is is a v %ort sc5e1 b x is necess>y to %[ two ?+s3 n only t ! bro!rs are be+ spi$ ^u1 = we are n int]e/$ 9 m]ely wat*+ ! butl] kneel+ !re1 b x is important = u to see :at he is wat*+ s int5tly--! action 9 ! libr>y4 ,s1 aft] we h %[n ! spy kneel+ outside ! door1 ! sc5e is %ift$ back to ! cont9uation ( ! int]view betwe5 ,tom & ,ralph4 ,?is "t1 h[ev]1 we see x on ! scre5 9 a way t m]ely sugge/s ! butl] kneel+ outside ! clos$ door4 ,on ! scre5 appe>s a l>ge key-hole1 & )9 its limits ! sc5e betwe5 ! bro!rs is act$4 ,! effect ?us produc$ is t]m$ a mask4 ,ord9>ily ! l5s ( a mov+ picture cam]a is mask$ by a metal plate1 rectangul> 9 %ape1 "o in* wide by ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* high4 ,! use ( ?is mask prev5ts ! light f spread+ up or d[n ! film z x is be+ expos$4 ,z expla9$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iii1 ea* ( ! sixte5 t9y pictures t make up a foot ( film is t]m$ a frame1 &1 ! cam]a be+ mask$ z describ$1 ! light is p]mitt$ to act ^u only "o frame at a "t4 ,b )9 ?is limit ( "o in* by ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ano!r mask may be us$1 cut 9 any =m t ! produc] may desire4 ,x may be a key-hole mask1 z 9 ! =ego+ example2 x may be simply circul>1 to sugge/ t ! sc5e is view$ ?r\gh a telescope2 or a mask ) hair-l9e b>s1 :i* w sugge/ t y are look+ ?r\gh a w9d[4 ,we exam9$ a script a %ort :ile ago 9 :i* a travell+ salesman = an optical goods h\se amus$ himself 9 ! int]val be=e tra9 "t by wat*+ ?r\gh a pair ( b9ocul>s ! /reet bel[ & ! build+s opposite 8 hotel w9d[4 ,! sc5e enact$ 9 an (fice ( a build+ n f> away l$ him to believe t a murd] 0 be+ committ$1 & ! action :i* foll[$ 0 extremely funny4 ,! sc5e 9 ! (fice1 wat*$ by ! drumm] ?r\gh ! b9ocul>s1 appe>$ on ! scre5 z ?\gh view$ ?r\gh a l>ge & v r\nd figure eight1 ly+ on its side1 ?us3 symbol3 figure-eight4 ,! f\r j m5tion$ are ! commone/ =ms ( ! mask2 b we h se5 masks cut 9 ! %ape ( oak leaves1 bottles1 & o!r =ms1 ?\gh ^! latt] 7 us$ m]ely to obta9 novel effects4 ,! mask may be us$ z an ins]t$ sc5e--z we h "h *iefly consid]$ x--or x may s]ve z a sort ( excuse = ! entire action ( ! photoplay1 z 9 ! case ( ! comm]cial travell] & 8 b9ocul>s1 & add effectiv5ess by its novelty ( pres5tation4 #ab4 ,! ,bu/ & ! ,close-up ,9 =m] usage1 ! t]m bu/ 0 employ$ to describe any enl>g$ view1 z a wat*1 a face1 a h& turn+ a door knob4 ,n[ ! t]m has be5 giv5 a less wide range & has be5 sup]s$$ 9 its broade/ mean+ by ano!r te*nical expression--! close-up4 ,! bu/ n[ means any enl>g$ object1 su* z a h& hold+ a wat*1 a box ( cig>s on a table ) a note p9n$ to a cig>1 or any object %[n close to ! cam]a1 :]e no action is call$ =4 ,if ,maud comes into a room & sees h] si/] />+ at ! w9d[ sill1 crosses to ! si/]'s side & />es also1 x is natural t we wond] :at x is t causes ! con/]nation4 ,! cam]a is manife/ly too f> away to %[ unmi/akably :at ,maud picks up--say1 a brok5-(f knife-po9t4 ,suppose t x is "p ( ! plot to h ! spectator also grasp ! fact t !re is a d>k /a9 on ! knife-po9t4 ,we mu/ get x clos]4 ,s we write ! sc5e up to ! po9t :]e ,maud holds up ! object1 !n we />t ano!r sc5e & say3 #dc--;,bu/ ( ,maud's h& hold+ knife-po9t to %[ blood-/a9 9 %ape ( rude />4 ,!re is no action4 ,! h& simply holds ! object4 ,a sc5e ( ?is k9d is usually tak5 be=e a black curta9 or 9 front ( "s su* indet]m9ate backgr\nd4 ,lat]1 ?is bu/ sc5e is ins]t$ into ! film at ! prop] po9t4 ,a po9t wor?y ( notice is t bu/ sc5es are always tak51 & close-up sc5es are ne>ly always tak51 ei!r be=e or 7usually7 aft] ! sc5es into :i* !y break h be5 done4 ,if ! plot dem&s t a c]ta9 "* exam9e 8 wat* at a c]ta9 po9t1 & if ! spectator is suppos$ to see exactly :at "t ! wat* %[s1 ! director is n go+ to /op 8 cam]a1 br+ ! cam]a ne>] to ! play] or ! play] ne>] to ! cam]a1 z 8 me?od may be1 make ! bu/ picture1 & !n resume ! tak+ ( ! wide-angle1 or full-size-/age1 sc5e4 ,mu* "t c be sav$ by mak+ ! diff]5t k9ds ( sc5es sep>ately4 ,?is expla9s :y e sc5e & e k9d ( sc5e 9 ! entire sc5>io mu/ be giv5 a sep>ate sc5e-numb]4 ,! sc5es 9 a photoplay may be lik5$ to a cut-up picture puzzle1 ea* "p ( :i* mu/ be prop]ly assembl$ & ins]t$ 9 its prop] place to make a complete1 und]/&able picture4 ,z has already be5 said1 ! bu/ picture 9 photoplay is l ! spot-light 9 ! regul> !atre4 ,x c5tres ! spectator's att5tion on a c]ta9 object & holds x !re until ! important object is fully obs]v$ by ! wat*]4 ,x n only magnifies ! objects1 b x draws p>ticul> att5tion to !m4 ,_m po9ts may be cle>$ 9 a five-foot bu/ picture :i* w\ld require tw5ty to ?irty feet ( lead] to expla91 & ! bu/ picture always int]e/s4 ,sometimes 9 a newspap] illu/ration a circle surr\nds "s po9t ( int]e/1 or a cross m>ks :]e ! body 0 discov]$4 ,! bu/ picture s]ves ! same purpose1 & answ]s1 z well1 = ! descriptive caption t appe>s "u a cut4#ag ,footnote #ag3 ,epes ,w9?rop ,s>g5t1 ,! ,te*nique ( ! ,photoplay4 ,be> 9 m9d1 !n1 t ! introduction ( a bu/ sc5e makes ! succe$+ portion ( ! action 9 t sett+ ano!r sc5e1 ) its own consecutive numb]4 ,9 ! pa/ few ye>s1 ! numb] ( sc5es to ! reel has be5 almo/ d\bl$1 9 mo/ /udios2 & ?is is due to ! increas$ use ( ! close-up4 ,! bu/ & ! close-up are entirely sep>ate 9 _! utility & effect1 yet1 prop]ly us$1 ea* has be5 f\nd a valuable addition to ! te*nical devices ( photoplay con/ruction4 ,x is n[ frequ5tly ! practice ( _m directors to br+ ! cam]a ne>] to a c]ta9 "*1 or gr\p ( *>act]s1 at "s important po9t ( ! action = ! sake ( emphasiz+ facial expression or c]ta9 bits ( bus9ess t are vitally ess5tial to a prop] und]/&+ ( ! plot4 ,?is may be accompli%$ 9 ?ree diff]5t ways--! me?od employ$ always dep5d+ ^u ! nature ( ! sc5e z well z ( ! sett+ or location4 ,fir/1 if ! surr\nd+s ( ! "* at t /age ( ! action are important z hav+ some?+ to d ) ! bus9ess be+ c>ri$ out--if1 = example1 x is necess>y to %[1 at close range1 ! actions ( two *>act]s :o are seat$ at a table--! director has ! cam]a mov$ d[n t[>d !m1 & t p>ticul> close-up1 or s]ies ( close-ups1 is tak5 usually1 z has be5 said1 aft] all ! wide-angle sc5es 9 t sett+ h be5 done1 = ! obvi\s purpose ( r5d]+ unnecess>y ! frequ5t %ift+ ( ! cam]a4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! director m]ely wi%es to emphasize at c]ta9 po9ts 9 any sc5e ! facial expression ( 8 play]s1 z affect$ by ! humor\s1 />tl+1 or o!r emotional bus9ess incid5tal to ! plot at t po9t1 & if ! surr\nd+s ( ! "* or *>act]s may be indet]m9ate )\t detract+ f ! value ( ! sc5e1 ! play] or play]s may be br\ght ne>] to ! cam]a1 & ! close-up may ev5 be made ) ! subjects pos$ aga9/ a pla91 d>k backgr\nd4 ,?is me?od ( obta9+ ! close-up is frequ5tly resort$ to1 &1 x may be said1 is n always truly arti/ic1 if s]i\sly consid]$1 inasmu* z x t5ds to deta* ! "* f ! surr\nd+s ( ! sc5e1 & make ! result m ?an ev] 9 ! nature ( a figure 9 ! spot-light4 ,we h se5 _m pictures1 p>ticul>ly ^? ) female />s featur$--z1 = example1 ! ,m>y ,pick=d pictures--9 :i* ! action ( a sc5e w\ld be brok5 sev]al times1 & ! head ( ! pretty /> %[n photograph$ aga9/ a pla91 v d>k backgr\nd4 ,! ?ird me?od us$ 9 ! /udios is "o :i* actually *anges a wide-angle view into a close-up )\t break+ or int]rupt+ ! action 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,?is is accompli%$ by m\nt+ ! cam]a on a specially built plat=m on :eels--on a truck--:i* z a rule is op]at$ on wood5 tracks previ\sly prep>$ to suit ! action tak+ place 9 t set or location4 ,take = example ! ,babylonian sett+ 7! pr9cipal ,babylonian sett+1 t is7 9 ! ,d4,w4 ,griffi? production1 ,intol]ance4 ,:5 ?is sc5e is fir/ ?r[n on ! scre5 we see an imm5se op5 c\rt1 surr\nd$ by banquet halls & long corridors1 ) walls rea*+ up to trem5d\s heights1 ! walls !mselves bank$ ) huge figures ( hea!n gods & images & great elephants1 comp>$ to :i* ! human figures p>ticipat+ 9 ! sc5e are m]e pygmies4 ,at ! back ( ?is enorm\s sett+ is a flight ( /eps1 p]haps a hundr$ feet or m 9 wid?1 ^u :i* are probably a hundr$ girls go+ ?r\gh ! graceful motions ( a religi\s dance4 ,we are p]mitt$1 = sev]al feet ( film1 to view ! imm5sity & ! gr&eur ( anci5t ,babylon 9 ?is wide-angle view4 ,!n1 smoo?ly & /eadily1 we approa* ! back ( ! set--! great flight ( /eps1 ) ! danc+ figures4 ,hundr$s ( details ( ar*itecture & sculptur+ are unfold$ z we draw ne>]1 & :5 ! truck sudd5ly /ops1 we h a close-up ( "p ( ! /eps ) ! danc+ girls j f9i%+ _! p]=mance4 ,! po9t is1 simply1 t if a m]e close-up ( a c]ta9 "* or gr\p ( *>act]s is all t is desir$1 ei!r ( ! two me?ods fir/ expla9$ is us$4 ,b if ! director has an unusually beautiful & impos+ sett+ :i* he wi%es to %[ (f1 ! mov+ truck1 ) ! con/antly turn+ cam]a1 gives him exactly :at he wants to %[4 ,close-ups ( ?is type may be lik5$ to ! m frequ5tly us$ panoramic sc5es--panorams--obta9$ 9 op5-air "w by m\nt+ ! cam]a on a tra91 an automobile1 or "s o!r mov+ vehicle4 ,ano!r po9t is t ! ord9>y close-up1 produc$ z fir/ describ$1 is ! "o mo/ us$ because x does away ) ! footage consum$ 9 ! gradual-approa* me?od4 ,suppose1 n[ 7foll[+ up ! previ\s example ( ! use ( ! bu/71 t hav+ %[n ,maud's h& hold+ up ! brok5-(f po9t ( :at %e believes to be h] bro!r's knife1 we g back to ! wide-angle view ( ! room & %[ ! two si/]s toge!r1 & ,maud ca/+ ! knife-po9t f h] 9 horror4 ,let u imag9e t !y are suppos$ to suspect "s o!r "*--_! bro!r1 9 fact--( hav+ us$ ! knife ( :i* ?is is a "p1 to commit "s crime4 ,?is "* n[ comes into ! room4 ,we want to regi/] c]ta9 expressions &1 :at is equally important1 we want to isolate "o "*'s expression f t ( ano!r1 s t ! eye & m9d ( ! spectator w n be confus$ by ! wide range ( vision employ$ 9 ! full--or wide-angle--sc5e4 ,we %[ ! bro!r z he comes into ! room & /ops1 see+ ! eyes ( ! two girls fix$ ^u him4 ,h[ %all we isolate him8 ,n by ! use ( ! bu/1 = ! bu/ is n[ employ$ only to give a close view ( an inanimate object4 ,we use ! close-up1 & we write ! sc5es ?us3 #db--,liv+ room1 same z #ae4 ,maud comes 9 to f9d ,e!l />+ at an object ly+ on ! w9d[ sill4 ,%e crosses & />es d[n at x also1 !n1 ) a %udd]1 picks up--! knife-po9t6 #dc--;,bu/ ( ,maud's h& hold+ knife-po9t to %[ blood-/a9 9 %ape ( rude />4 #dd--;,back to wide-angle ( room4 ,maud fl+s ! knife-po9t f h] 9 horror1 !n turns to ,e!l & cl+s to h]4 ,bo? look t[>ds door z ,frank ent]s4 ,he advances a pace or two1 sees !m1 & /ops1 agha/4 #de--;,close-up ( ,frank4 ,8 eyes sudd5ly drop1 he sees ! object ly+ on ! floor1 &1 sl[ly1 8 h&s g up ov] 8 eyes4 #df--;,close-up ( ,maud & ,e!l4 ,maud sl[ly turns to h] si/] ) a "q 9 h] eyes--,is he guilty8--& b[s h] head1 !n looks up quickly & fixes h] gaze on ,frank4 #dg--;,close-up ( ,frank4 ,) agony 9 8 eyes1 ! boy prote/s 8 innoc5ce4 ,sudd5ly he pauses1 realiz+ t he is n mak+ an impression4 #dh--;,back to wide-angle ( room4 ,bo? si/]s are />+ at ,frank4 ,maud's look is "o ( unmi/akable accusation4 ,%e looks d[n at ! floor4 ,frank foll[s h] gaze4 ,maud /oops1 picks up ! knife-po9t1 & holds x out t[>ds him4 ,he sl[ly advances & takes x f h]4 ,he kn[s :at !y expect--:at !y dem&6 ,sl[ly1 hesitat+ly1 he draws a pocket knife out ( 8 pocket4 ,! si/]s come clos]1 drawn magnetically by ! horrible ?+ !y fe> to see--! meet+ ( ! knife & ! brok5 po9t4 #di--;,close-up ( ,frank4 ,a v close view to %[ him sl[ly op5+ ! knife1 ! po9t ( :i* is brok5 (f4 ,! o!r h& puts ! blood/a9$ po9t to ! brok5 blade4 ,!y mat*6 ,!y fit absolutely6 #ej--;,back to wide-angle ( room4 ,) an angui%$ face ! boy cries3 ,lead]--,i ,,didn',t6--,,oh6 ,,won',t ,,y ,,believe ,,me8 ,back to sc5e4 ,he sees a h>d5+ ( ,maud's face4 ,sil5tly 8 h&s uncl5*2 ! knife-po9t falls to ! table4 ,!n1 ) an access ( fe>1 he closes 8 knife1 ?ru/s x into 8 pocket1 & ru%es wildly out1 :ile ! two girls m]ely />e aft] him1 too horror-/rick5 to move1 to foll[4 ,! =ego+ is a good example ( h[ /raight action1 all 9 "o un9t]rupt$ wide-angle sc5e1 w\ld n be half s conv9c+1 dramatic or susp5se-hold+ z ! brok5-up s]ies ( sc5es1 all 9 ! same sett+1 all 9 ! "o situation4 ,incid5tally1 ,sc5e #di %[s v cle>ly ! di/9ction betwe5 ! bu/ & ! close-up4 ,?is is a v close view ( ! boy's h&s1 b x _c be call$ a bu/ because ( ! fact t x is an action sc5e4 ,! close-up comp>es ) ! bu/ 9 mu* ! same way t any pa9t+ ) suppos$ly human1 mov+ figures comp>es ) ^? pictures :i* come "u ! /ill life classification4 ,?is illu/ration ( ! use ( ! bu/ & ! close-up is tak5 f an actual script1 prep>$ by "o ( ! ,vitagraph ,company's /aff writ]s4 ,x w be notic$ t ! description ( ! sc5e foll[+ ! bu/ sc5e is #dd--;,back to wide-angle ( room1 in/ead ( #dd--;,back to #db1 :i* x w\ld h be5 _h ?is ,vitagraph writ] foll[$ ! same rules ( te*nique z 7 us$ by ! writ] ( ! script f :i* ! example on page #aei 0 tak54 ,! ,vitagraph writ] foll[s ! same rule 9 writ+ ! description ( close-up sc5es1 also4 ,ei!r =m is correct1 & x is optional :i* y use4 ,!re are c]ta9 te*nical t]ms z well z me?ods ( writ+ = :i* !re are no h>d & fa/ rules1 & ?is acc\nts = ! fact t "s writ]s w say lead] :5 o!rs use ! t]m sub-title1 & s on4#ah ,footnote #ah3 ,comp>e ! ,vitagraph-made work+ sc5>io 9 ,*apt] ,,xx ) ! "o-reel sc5>io reproduc$ 9 ,*apt] ,v4 ,%ortly be=e "o ( ! pres5t writ]s 0 appo9t$ sc5>io editor = ! ,edison ,company1 ,mr4 ,banni/] ,m]w91 :o = sev]al ye>s 0 "o ( ,edison's *ief contribut+ writ]s1 gave up 8 "w 9 ?is c\ntry & w5t to ,engl& to live4 ,he is n[ active 9 ! ,briti% film _w & also a director--or produc]1 z ,mr4 ,m]w9 /ill calls x--= "o ( ! l>ge/ ,engli% motion picture manufactur]s4 ,! pres5t writ] f\nd t ,mr4 ,m]w9's "w _h left a consid]able impression ^u ! me?ods ( "w ( ! v>i\s ,edison directors1 &1 inde$1 he has always be5 reg>d$ z "o ( ! lead+ au?orities on photoplay te*nique4 ,! ?ree p>agraphs :i* foll[ are tak5 f a lett] writt5 by ,mr4 ,m]w9 to ,mr4 ,epes ,w9?rop ,s>g5t1 & publi%$ 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w4 ,sev]al important po9ts 9 connection ) ! sc5>io are briefly b int]e/+ly discuss$4 ,9 connection ) :at we h j be5 discuss+--! close-up--x may be said t1 z ,mr4 ,m]w9 himself says1 all writ]s make use ( ! close-up at c]ta9 po9ts ( diff]5t sc5es2 b :at ?is au?or-director says 9 addition may be tak5 z ano!r w>n+ aga9/ ! ov]-use ( ?is effective te*nical device3 ,my pres5t notion ( ! be/ con/ruction = long feature /ories foll[s some:at ! l9es ( ! /age play4 ,! l9e ( climactic developm5t %\ld be a s]ies ( asc5d+ waves4 ,aft] ea* crisis or climax !re %\ld be a slight lull4 ,& ! fir/ few hundr$ feet1 l ! fir/ t5 m9utes ( a play1 %\ld be devot$ to gett+ y\r audi5ce acqua9t$ ) y\r *>act]s & _! relation%ips4 ,to place a v important action 9 ! fir/ few hundr$ feet be=e ! audi5ce kn[s :o ! *>act]s are or :at !y are to "o ano!r t5ds to create confusion4 ,p w lat] say1 ',oh1 0 he ! "o :o did t8' ,( c\rse ! *>act]s mu/ d ?+s 9 ^! fir/ few hundr$ feet1 b !y %\ld be ?+s t express _! *>act]s int]e/+ly r ?an ?+s t h important significance 9 ! plot developm5t4 ,p]haps ,i put ! po9t a little too /rongly1 = !re are always exceptions1 b y w "k :at ,i mean4 ,! ?+ is to look at "o's own "w f ! viewpo9t ( ! audi5ce1 & cont9ually ask "o's self su* que/ions z1 ',is x cle>8 ,c ,i foll[ x )\t confusion ( m9d8 ,does x con/antly keep my int]e/ /imulat$8' ,n[ ! "q ( break+ "o's sc5es ) close-ups & v>i$ %ots f diff]5t angles4 ,( c\rse1 we all d ?is 9 prep>+ our scripts4 ,b lately ,i h wond]$ :e!r x w\ld n be bett] to leave ! break+ up ( ! sc5e to ! produc]1 except 9 v obvi\s cases4 ,y see1 ,i am n[ speak+ z a produc] z well z a writ]4 ,! value ( ! close-up almo/ always is gov]n$ 9 practice by floor conditions4 ,i mean by ?is sev]al ?+s4 ,= "o ?+1 if ! ca/ is n ! ideal ca/ y h _h 9 m9d :5 writ+ ! play ! "* y h set d[n = a close-up may n be able to express :at x is ess5tial to express 9 t p>ticul> close-up4 ,! produc] mu/ !n f9d "s o!r means ( punctuat+ ! situation4 ,= ano!r ?+1 no produc] is likely to build a set & h&le 8 p 9 x 9 exactly ! way y h conceiv$4 ,= t matt]1 no two produc]s are likely to h&le ! set & ! *>act]s 9 ! same way4 ,x foll[s t v (t5 ! produc] c secure a natural close-up 9 ! c\rse ( ! action :]e y h call$ = a special close-up sc5e4 ,& on ! o!r h& ! produc] may f9d t he ne$s a special close-up sc5e at a po9t :]e y\r conception ( ! movem5ts ( ! *>act]s has n made x appe> necess>y4 ,anyh[1 ! close-up is an int]pretation4 ,if1 z ,i hold1 ! produc] is an int]pret]1 w\ld x n be bett] to leave ?is matt] ( close-ups to him1 & write y\r sc5e /raight1 ) emphasis on ! po9ts t %\ld be br\ght out mo/ /rongly8 ,i don't say t ?is surmise is "r2 ,i m]ely am wond]+4 ,9 any ev5t1 we d n want to see ! close-up ov]done4 ,we don't want too mu* ( ! ,griffi? /accato4 ,x leads to :at a c]ta9 fri5d ( m9e once call$ ,tom ,lawson's me?od ( muck-rak+--',! me?od ( univ]sal emphasis4' ,x is int]e/+ to note 9 ! fir/ p>agraph ( ! quotation f ,mr4 ,m]w9's lett] t he advocates giv+1 9 mo/ pictures1 ! fir/ few hundr$ feet to a prop] introduction ( ! *>act]s & to lay+ ! f\ndation1 z x 71 = ! /ory prop]4 ,?is is 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! me?od ( a few ye>s ago1 :5 "o-reel pictures 7 ! rule1 & :5 v little footage c\ld be sp>$ = su* introductory sc5es4 ,today1 ) v mu* long] pictures1 !re is no excuse = any writ]'s ev] feel+ himself cramp$ = room 9 :i* to make cle> ev]y?+ t ! spectator ought to "k 9 connection ) 8 *>act]s & 8 plot4 ,f9ally1 9 connection ) ! /ory1 z writt5 by y1 & ! picture1 z put on by ! director1 we aga9 quote ,mr4 ,s>g5t3 ,if y ne$ a close-up1 write x 91 numb]+ x z a sep>ate sc5e4 ,if y d n ne$ a close-up1 don't write "o 91 ev5 ?\gh y see innum]able close-ups us$4 ,let ! director make ^! z 8 fancy or judgm5t may dictate4 ,he c see j :]e & h[ ! use ( ! close-up c help ! pictorial quality ( ! picture4 ,y are apt to conc]n y\rself only ) ! n>rative value ( ! close-up1 employ+ x only :]e x is necess>y 9 ord] to get ! /ory ov] cle>ly4 ,y _c possibly imag9e ! sc5e exactly z x w be set up or play$1 !re=e y _c tell :]e & h[ pictorial close-ups or o!r effects w be useful4 ,leave t to ! director & he w h&le ! numb]+ accord+ to 8 special sy/em4 ,numb] y\r own close-ups1 because !y are sep>ate sc5es ev5 ?\gh !y are 9 reality a "p ( o!r sc5es4 ,:at ?is critic means by ! director's special sy/em ( h&l+ ! numb]+ ( close-ups t he may decide to use aft] ! /ory has be5 plac$ 9 8 h&s is simply t su* add$ close-ups w be ins]t$ into ! work+ script 9 ?is mann] 7#dj & #da be+ y\r orig9al sc5e numb]+73 #dj--7;a7 ,h5d]son /eps =w>d to give 8 prison] a bett] view ( 8 face4 7b7 ,close-up ( ,trask & ,h5d]son4 ,9 ! /rong] light1 ,trask recognizes 8 old enemy & 8 face is convuls$ ) hate4 7c7 ,h5d]son /eps back1 laughs1 & holds out ! h&cuffs1 etc4 #da--,?is sc5e z orig9ally writt54 ,x w be se5 t ! action conta9$ 9 7b7 is ! ins]t$ close-up action4 ,9 :at rema9s 7c7 we get ! end ( ! sc5e z writt5 by ! au?or4 #ac4 ,visions1 ,memories1 ,dreams1 & ,o!r ,devices ,we h already ref]r$ to ! old me?od ( obta9+ c]ta9 effects 9 s-call$ fairy-tale pictures by /op-cam]a "w1 or by simply /opp+ ! "* at a c]ta9 po9t j prior to ! s*$ul$ appe>ance ( "s sup]natural visitant1 hav+ ! o!r *>act]s hold _! positions :ile ! wit* or ! fairy "* walks into ! sc5e & takes h] prop] position 9 x1 & !n />t+ ! cam]a aga91 ! result on ! scre5 be+ t ! sup]natural figure /&s1 9 ! fraction ( a second1 :]e no?+ ( ! k9d appe>$ be=e4 ,today1 /op-cam]a "w is us$ v seldom--z a rule only to obta9 ludicr\sly sudd5 & unexpect$ effects 9 c]ta9 types ( slap-/ick com$y4 ,a f> m arti/ic effect1 :5 x is desir$ to introduce visitors f o!r worlds1 is obta9$ by sup]imposure1 or by tak+ ! picture twice1 z x 74 ,on ! fir/ take ! *>act]s g ?r\gh ! bus9ess already rehe>s$1 & ! director keeps c>eful track ( j :5 ea* important move is made by c\nt+ :ile ! cam]aman turns ! crank4 ,if1 at ! c\nt ( ,elev56 "o "* regi/]s surprise & po9ts excit$ly at an unoccupi$ corn] ( ! room1 x is ! fir/ /ep 9 introduc+ ! fairy1 or ! spectre1 :o is to appe> !re 9 ! picture z %[n on ! scre54 ,aft] ! sc5e has be5 gone ?r\gh )1 foll[+ ?is rule1 ! film is run ?r\gh ! cam]a a second "t1 ! /age be+ empty ( play]s up to ! c\nt ( ,elev56 at :i* po9t ! une>?ly-visitor "* is br\ght into ! sc5e at ! prop] place 9 ! sett+1 ei!r appe>+ q sudd5ly or be+ m gradually dissolv$ 91 diff]5t /udios hav+ diff]5t me?ods ( accompli%+ ?is4 ,! po9t is t visions ( ?is k9d are obvi\sly writt5 into ! sc5e prop]1 j z y w\ld introduce any new "*4 ,if x is a gho/ly visitor ( "s k9d1 y simply say3 ,h>d+ looks 9 horror 7at :atev] po9t ( ! room or location y desire74 ,vision ( ,blake1 /&+ q /ill & po9t+ an accus+ f+] at ,h>d+4 ,or1 if ,tom is 9 ! city & has reason to believe t ,frank1 back on ! f>m1 is tak+ advantage ( 8 fri5d's abs5ce to w9 8 swee!>t away f him1 write ! sc5e d[n to ! po9t :]e ,tom /raight5s up 9 8 (fice *air & />es 7p]haps directly into ! cam]a7 ) a worri$ expression1 & !n say3 ,vision-9 portion ( ! apple or*>d1 ) ,frank mak+ love to ,m>y z !y /& b5ea? "o ( ! trees4 ,ev]yone :o has att5d$ ! motion picture !atres has se5 doz5s ( examples ( visions1 produc$ 9 "o or ano!r mann]1 & x %\ld be easy to di/+ui% betwe5 visions & ?\ghts or memories4 ,! latt] may be introduc$ z "p ( ano!r sc5e j z ! vision 7us+ ! ^w 9 ! s5se ( app>ition or sup]natural visitant7 is introduc$2 b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! photoplay spectators h 9 ! pa/ few ye>s be5 gradually educat$ up to a r p]fect compreh5sion ( :at results diff]5t te*nical devices produce--ev5 if !y d n q und]/& ! te*nical :y & :]e=e2 & = ?is reason x is be/ :5 writ+ action 9 :i* ! *>act]s are suppos$ to %[ :at !y are ?9k+ ab\t or describ+ to use ! fade-out & fade-9 device1 z ! mean+ ( ?is is n[ v cle>ly und]/ood4 ,! spectators are q us$ to see+ ! picture fade out1 or g black at ! end ( c]ta9 sc5es1 j z !y are famili> ) ! use ( x at ! actual end ( ! photoplay4 ,ap>t f ^! two uses1 !y h come to associate ! fade-out ) ! ?\ght ( ! imm$iate introduction ( a memory1 ei!r relat$ to o!rs or sil5tly indulg$ 91 or a m]e ?\ght1 or1 if ! "* is se5 go+ to sleep1 ( a dream4 ,if ! fade-out is us$1 x means ?ree sc5es in/ead ( "o1 ( c\rse1 because foll[+ ! introduction ( ! memory1 or :atev] x may be1 y return to ! sc5e prop]1 j z y g back to ! wide-angle view aft] us+ a bu/ or a close-up sc5e4 ,!y w\ld be numb]$1 = example1 #ag1 #ah & #ai1 & y w\ld write ! action z foll[s3 #ag--,libr>y1 same z #f4 ,f5ton cont9ues to make love to ,bev]ly1 pres5tly end+ :at he is say+ ) an impassion$ plea to fly ) him at once4 ,= j a mom5t %e seems on ! po9t ( yield+2 !n %e />ts back & %[s t %e is ?9k+ ( :at x w\ld mean4 7,fade out into--7 #ah--;,b$room1 same z #h4 ,dean1 ly+ 9 b$1 wakes up & calls out1 z if call+ to 8 wife4 ,!n he falls back aga9 on ! pill[1 exhau/$4 7,fade back to--7 #ai--;,back to #ag4 ,f5ton rea*es out to grasp ,bev]ly's h&1 b %e draws quickly back & urges him to /op plead+ ) h]1 at ! same "t cross+ etc4 ,if y are us+ ! dissolve or int]pose 7see def9itions 9 ,*apt] ,,iii7 y introduce ! device 9 ! same way z above2 b be> 9 m9d t ! dissolve is some:at h>d] to accompli% ?an ! fade1 &1 aga91 :ile x m]ges "o sc5e into ano!r 9 an arti/ically beautiful mann]1 x is n s readily recogniz$ by ! spectator z an ann\ncem5t1 s to speak1 ( :at is to foll[4 ,! diaphragm 79 or out71 z ! def9ition 9 ,*apt] ,,iii /ates1 is us$ to indicate a lapse ( "t 9 ! action ( a /ory )\t us+ a lead]4 ,also1 9 sc5es betwe5 :i* !re is suppos$ to be only a v brief int]val1 b :i* nev]!less call = a def9ite break ( ?\ght1 ! diaphragm is resort$ to4 ,"s directors w say ,circle out6 t be+ ! effect on ! scre5--! oblong picture *ang+ to a circle1 :i* gradually becomes small] & small] until ! diaphragm ( ! cam]a is entirely clos$ & ! film goes black4 ,! rev]se ( ?is1 ( c\rse1 is call$ diaphragm+ 94 ,z sev]al critics h po9t$ out1 ! fade & ! diaphragm %\ld nev] be us$ to d5ote syn*roniz$ action4 ,action occurr+ 9 two places at practically ! same mom5t %\ld be cut "o into ! o!r1 = ?is is ! prim>y function ( ! cut-back4 ,at no "t %\ld ! diaphragm be us$ 9 ?is connection1 ei!r z a means ( fad+ out or to r$uce ! field1 = ?is robs ! action ( any sugge/ion ( imm$iate *ange4 ,"h ! use ( cutt+ back is imp]ative1 & no o!r device %\ld be sub/itut$4 ,z has be5 indicat$1 photoplay t]m9ology is1 ev5 yet1 only 9 process ( =mation4 ,! t]ms giv5 & def9$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iii are ! t]ms 9 common daily use 9 ! majority ( /udios1 b !re is no anci5t prec$5t to compel any writ] to adh]e to any ( ^! t]ms if he is 9 ! habit ( us+ o!rs4 ,!re is too great a disposition on ! "p ( amateur writ]s to split hairs ov] ! correct te*nical t]m4 ,a matt] ( f> m importance is to turn out a good /ory4 #ad4 ,cam]a ,tricks & ,special ,effects ,) ! way mo/ trick-effects are produc$ 9 ! /udio ! av]age writ] ne$ be little conc]n$ except z a matt] ( int]e/4#ai ,! object ( discuss+ !m "h is to %[ h[ c]ta9 plots1 or p>ts ( plots1 are made possible z a result ( kn[+ h[ ^! ?+s may be accompli%$1 :]eas )\t ?is k ! writ] ) a good idea might fe> to include x 9 8 /ory 9 ! belief t x 0 impossible ( production4 ,x may be rem>k$ t :at is said "h has a be>+ on ,*apt] ,,xv1 9 :i* is discuss$ ! matt] ( exp5se 9 picture production4 ,"s ( ! v companies :o a few ye>s ago 7 w>n+ ! beg9n+ writ] aga9/ introduc+ action t w\ld necessitate too great an outlay ( money are today produc+ features seem+ly reg>dless ( exp5se4 ,yet mo/ conc]ns are really ex]cis+ a wise economy & gett+ "s wond]ful results ) clev]ly plann$ trick-cam]a "w4 ,footnote #ai3 ,see ,hom] ,croy's ,h[ ,motion ,pictures ,are ,made4 ,= example1 9 "o episode ( ! ,:>ton s]ial1 ,! ,eagle's ,eye1 ! ,g]man conspirators 9 ,new ,york1 seek+ to injure ! cause ( ! ,allies & lay ! blame on ! ,am]ican 'long%orem5 at ! same "t1 arrange to h a tra9 ( freight c>s1 cross+ on b>ges f ,manhattan to ,j]sey1 dump$ into ! ,nor? ,riv] by remov+ ! means by :i* !y are held 9 place on ! tracks ( ! b>ge & lett+ 'em slide4 ,! effect on ! scre5 is wond]fully l :at a long-range photograph ( su* an actual ev5t w\ld %[4 ,all t 0 ne$$ to produce ! sc5e 0 a tank ( wat] ) a m9iature b>ge pu%$ along by a t9y tug-boat1 ! latt] /eam+ up v reali/ically4 ,:5 ! toy b>ge & tug-boat 7 "r 9 ! middle ( ! /age1 ?ree or f\r toy freight c>s 7 all[$ to slide (f into ! wat]4 ,above ! tank1 z a backgr\nd1 0 hung "s :ite or light color$ clo?1 mak+ ev]y?+ f ! wat]l9e up a :ite blank4 ,aga9/ ?is blank 0 sup]impos$1 by runn+ ! film ?r\gh ! cam]a twice1 a picture ( ! ,new ,york sky-l9e z se5 f ! ,j]sey %ore4 ,! unruffl$ surface ( ! wat] 9 ! tank--s unlike ! wavy ,nor? ,riv]--0 almo/ ! only ?+ to %[ c]ta9 ( ! spectators t ! sc5e 0 n ! real ?+4 ,9 ano!r episode ( ! same s]ial1 aft] ! ,g]man spies h caus$ an ,alli$ gra9 %ip to be load$ on "o side only1 s t %e w turn turtle z soon z releas$ f h] moor+s1 ano!r v reali/ic sc5e %[s ! %ip actually turn+ ov]1 z mu* z ! comp>ative n>r[ness ( ! slip w let h]1 aft] !y h cut ! ropes hold+ h] to ! dock4 ,"h1 aga91 a model vessel 9 a built-up m9iature slip suppli$ ! means ( obta9+ a />tl+ly reali/ic effect4 ,! sc5e la/$ only a few seconds1 s t little opportunity 0 giv5 ! spectator to see h[ x 0 work$1 b ! effect ( ! brief sc5e 0 v conv9c+4 ,9 scores ( feature productions models or m9iatures ( v>i\s k9ds h be5 resort$ to to obta9 />tl+ or novel effects1 & h sav$ ! outlay ( ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 ! production ( c]ta9 pictures4 ,d\ble photography1 or sup]imposure1 is a ready ally :5 ! director wants to get an effect %[+ a specially arrang$ fictiti\s sc5e play$ aga9/ a real & frequ5tly well-kn[n backgr\nd1 z 9 ! ,nor? ,riv] sc5e j describ$4 ,9 ! same picture1 ,! ,eagle's ,eye1 ! ,:>tons1 :o produc$ x1 display$ a new feature 9 photography--a g5u9e photographic device r ?an a trick--9 :at !y describ$ z ! triple iris--?ree diaphragms op5+ at once & disclos+ ! heads ( ,boy-,ed1 ,von ,pap5 & ,dr4 ,alb]t1 & !n fad+ & %[+ a sc5e 9 :i* ^! ?ree *>act]s 7 se5 gr\p$ 9 conv]sation4 ,ano!r effect :i* might1 p]haps1 be class$ z a trick 0 us$ 9 ! ,m>y ,pick=d feature1 ,am>illy ( ,clo!s-l9e ,alley4 ,x 0 9 reality m]ely a clev] sc5e int5d$ to take ! place ( a lead]1 :ile be+ also an improvem5t on a lead] because ( ! fact t to almo/ ev]yone 9 ! audi5ce x in/antly put ov] ! idea back ( ! action at t po9t ( ! /ory4 ,at ! "t t ,am>illy's good-he>t$ b socially impossible "m1 ) h] little bro!rs & si/]s1 are be+ ent]ta9$ by ! ri* ho/ess :o desires to %ame ! little girl f ! t5em5ts 9 ! eyes ( h] son1 !re is fla%$ on ! scre51 aga9/ a d>k backgr\nd1 an empty glass gold-fi% b[l ) ! fi% !mselves wriggl+ & gasp+ on ! table beside x4 ,! idea ( fi% out ( wat] 0 v app>5t to ! spectators4 ,lat]1 :5 ! t5em5t-br$ family _h return$ to _! humble home1 ano!r picture %[$ ! gold-fi% cont5t$ly swimm+ ab\t 9 a well-fill$ b[l4 ,x is su* an effect z ?is t any clev] writ] might ?9k ( sugge/+ 9 8 sc5>io1 & x is legitimate 9 e way--f> m s1 9 fact1 ?an "s ( ! tricks ( diaphragm+ & fad+ s frequ5tly made use ( by c]ta9 directors4 ,a />tl+ly novel effect 0 %[n "s "t ago 9 ! ,vitagraph ,company's production ( ,ar?ur ,/r+]'s /ory1 ,mortma94 ,j z ,mortma9 0 put "u e!r ! sc5e prop] fad$ out1 giv+ place to a dull blur 9 :i* ! faces ( ! doctor & 8 att5dants 7 br\ght "r up to ! l5s ( ! cam]a & !n )drawn = sev]al feet1 ! action be+ extremely rapid1 & be+ repeat$ sev]al times1 by means ( ! cam]a m\nt$ on a truck1 z already describ$4 ,?is 0 accompani$ by ano!r d>k-backgr\nd /rip ( film1 across--or r d[n--:i* %ot fi]y /reaks1 l ! tails ( dis*>g+ sky-rockets4 ,! :ole effect ( anae/hesia 0 vividly reproduc$1 & ! effect on ! audi5ce 0 mo/ m>k$4 ,! idea ( :at ,mortma9 exp]i5c$ 9 8 la/ consci\s mom5ts got across 9 no unc]ta9 way4 ,especially />tl+ & reali/ic--to ^? :o h be5 !re--0 ! effect ( ! pati5t's feel+ himself dropp+1 dropp+1 dropp+ ?r\gh space into--oblivion4 ,x is extremely unlikely t ?is "w w be made use ( by anyone :o has n visit$ ! picture !atres (t5 en\gh to h se5 t5 times z _m cam]a tricks1 special effects1 & examples ( ! use ( diff]5t te*nical devices z are h]e9 describ$4 ,b if y are tak+ up photoplay writ+ )\t hav+ se5 _m photoplays on ! scre51 y are b half equipp$1 not)/&+ all ! help y may receive ?r\gh text-books & trade-j\rnal articles4 ,9 o!r words1 we urge ^u y ! wisdom ( keep+ 9 m9d t ! real f9i%+ s*ool = scre5 writ]s is ! picture !atre itself4 #ae4 ,dual-,"* ,d\ble ,exposures ,und\bt$ly1 ! gradual p]fect+ ( ! d\ble exposure 7sup]imposure7 device 9 motion-picture mak+ has made possible ! scre5+ ( innum]able good /ories :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 almo/ impossible ( production4 ,:5 only a few ye>s ago ! ,vitagraph ,company made _! v cr$itable production ( ,*>les ,dick5s's ,a ,tale ( ,two ,cities1 ! two lead+ male *>act]s1 ,sidney ,c>ton & ,*>les ,d>nley1 7 play$ by two diff]5t actors--! f9al action ( ! plot turn+ on ! fact t ^! two 7 d\bles1 = ?is fact makes possible ,sidney ,c>ton's supreme sacrifice = 8 fri5d & ! woman he loves4 ,!re 0 a fairly close facial resemblance betwe5 ! two actors :o play$ ^! p>ts--en\gh1 ) ! aid ( ! wigs !y wore & o!r make-up1 to make ! picture conv9c+4 ,today1 no director w\ld ?9k ( putt+ on su* a picture ) two diff]5t actors 9 ! dual roles ( ,c>ton & ,d>nley4 ,:51 9 #aiag1 ! ,dick5s classic 0 releas$ z a ,william ,fox feature1 ,william ,f>num play$ bo? roles1 & "s really rem>kable results 7 obta9$ 9 sc5es :]e bo? *>act]s 7 pres5t at ! same "t4 ,almo/ ev]yone has se5 pictures conta9+ examples ( ! possibilities (f]$ by d\ble exposure 9 mak+ pictures ( ?is nature4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :5 two *>act]s are suppos$ to be d\bles1 x is c]ta9ly m conv9c+ to h "o play] portray bo? roles4 ,aga91 any additional tr\ble t is atta*$ to mak+ pictures ( ?is k9d1 on acc\nt ( ! d\ble exposures involv$1 is conf9$ to ^? sc5es 9 :i* bo? *>act]s are pres5t 9 ! sc5e at ! same "t1 & ev5 !n ! difficulty is m9imiz$ by ! use ( close-ups4 ,= example1 to %[ ,c>ton 9 "o sc5e :]e ,d>nley is n pres5t is simply to take an ord9>y sc5e 9 an ord9>y way4 ,!n1 suppose y wi% to %[ ,c>ton seat$ 9 a *air at "o side ( ! room :ile ,d>nley lean+ aga9/ ! table at ! o!r side ( ! room talks ) him4 ,9 pictures ( ?is k9d ! director frequ5tly uses m close-ups ?an usual m]ely to avoid ! necessity ( mak+ d\ble exposures1 9 connection ) :i* ! greate/ tr\ble is always ! keep+ track--by c\nt+1 = in/ance--( ! moves ( ! two diff]5t *>act]s4 ,b x is a mu* easi] matt] = ! dual-role actor1 made up z ,c>ton1 to be photograph$ s+ly 9 "o "p ( ! room z he goes ?r\gh ) ! action ( "o or m sc5es1 aft] :i*1 dress$ z ,d>nley1 he goes ?r\gh ! syn*roniz$ action ( t "*4 ,syn*ronization--or h>mony ( movem5t 9 "t--( c\rse dem&s t ! action ( bo? *>act]s be prop]ly mat*$--to use a common & easily und]/ood t]m--b x w be se5 t :5 ! spectator wat*es only "o "* at a "t !re is n ! ne$ = ! p]fect syn*ronization ( action t is always dem&$ ( ! wide-angle d\ble-exposure sc5e1 9 :i* "o man1 play+ two diff]5t *>act]s1 mu/ face himself & keep ! action natural & conv9c+ at all times4 ,v few ?+s 9 ! developm5t ( motion picture art h advanc$ s noticeably z ?is trick ( portray+ dual *>act]s on ! scre5 by means ( d\ble exposure ( ! film4 ,!oretically1 x is extremely simple4 ,!re is a middle--or at any rate an arbitr>y--divid+ l9e to ! /age4 ,a mask be+ plac$ ov] "o-half ( ! cam]a l5s1 ! film is run ?r\gh & ! action ( ,c>ton 9 a c]ta9 sc5e 9 :i* he is suppos$ to face ,d>nley is tak54 ,c>eful track is kept ( j :at important moves he makes at diff]5t /ages ( ! c\nt4 ,lat]1 aft] he is made up z ,d>nley1 ! fir/ half ( ! l5s is mask$ 9 ! same way z be=e1 :ile ! second half is expos$ & ! action ( ,d>nley is gone ?r\gh )1 ) ! ge/ures & o!r action prop]ly tim$ to syn*ronize ) ! action ( 8 d\ble--& t is all !re is to d4 ,b ! skill ( ! director is te/$ 9 8 tim+ ( ! moves ( ! *>act]s1 j z 8 k ( light+ & backgr\nds is te/$ s z to avoid %[+ ! l9e :]e ! two diff]5tly expos$ p>ts ( ! film jo94 ,!n1 too1 c]ta9 directors h1 ( late1 procur$ "s d\ble effects :i* well des]ve to be call$ wond]ful1 z :5 9 a c]ta9 ,william ,fox film ! two diff]5t *>act]s1 play$ by ! "o woman1 are made to meet & kiss ea* o!r mo/ naturally4 ,to repeat1 d\ble exposure 7to use ! simple/ t]m = ?is cam]a trick7 has made possible ! writ+ ( _m /ories = ! scre5 :i* a few ye>s ago w\ld h be5 reject$ because ( ! inability ( ! company to procure two p simil> en\gh 9 appe>ance successfully to portray ! d\bles4 ,no au?or ) a really f9e idea = a dual-"* /ory ne$ hesitate to (f] x to ! film companies today4 ,b !re is /ill en\gh additional tr\ble atta*$ to ! production ( ?is k9d ( /ory to ju/ify ! editors 9 reject+ ev]y?+ b ! v be/ 9 ! way ( plots4 #af4 ,features ,! mo/ surpris+ ?+1 :5 "o looks back & consid]s ! s+le-reel /ories ( a few ye>s ago1 is t a complete1 logically told /ory c\ld ev] h be5 produc$ 9 "o ?\s& feet ( film1 "p ( :i* 0 consum$ by sub-titles & ins]ts4 ,( c\rse1 ! sub-titles & ins]ts help$ to tell ! /ory 9 ^? days1 j z !y d n[1 b ev5 s1 ! comp>atively small am\nt ( footage all[$ to ea* picture seems ev5 less ?an x actually 0 9 ! light ( ! five- to eight-?\s& feet & m to :i* we expect feature pictures to run today4 ,! fact rema9s1 h[ev]1 t = sev]al ye>s "o-reel pictures 7 ! rule2 & a /ill m important fact1 consid]$ f ! /&po9t ( ! writ]1 is t _m--a great _m--( ! /ories t 7 !n conf9$ to "o ?\s& feet ( film 7 f> bett] /ories1 if n q s pleas+ z pictures1 ?an _m t are n[ be+ put out 9 l5g?s ( five-?\s& feet or m & label$ z features4 ,! reason is cle>2 !re simply c\ld n be a cle>] or m und5iable reason3 ,:5 a /ory _h to be told 9 "o ?\s& feet--p]haps a few feet less ?an t1 b nev] a foot m--x _h to be all /ory1 all meat4 ,padd+ 0 a ?+ q unkn[n 9 #aiji4 ,! wond] 0 t s mu* /ory c\ld be cr[d$ into s few feet ( film4 ,good z 0 ! ,fam\s ,play]s five-reel production ( ,dumas' ,monte ,cri/o--judg$ by ! /&>ds ( ! ye> 9 :i* x 0 releas$--a great _m p :o saw x 7 /ruck by ! fact t ?is feature production _h v little m actual /ory 9 x ?an _h ! c>efully cond5s$ "o-reel v]sion ( ! same novel-play t 0 put out by ! ,selig ,company 9 #aijh4 ,:at x did h 0 m detail1 & a great deal m opportunity = pictorial effects4 ,! "o-reel ,selig release gave e ess5tial detail ( ! romance1 ) ! necess>y explanatory ins]ts 9 ! way ( lead]s1 lett]s1 etc4 ,! ,fam\s ,play]s feature production gave ! ess5tial details plus innum]able details t 7 by no means ess5tial--al?\gh v effective z helps to a bett] und]/&+ ( ! locale1 ! p]iod 9 hi/ory1 & ! au?or's *>act]ization4 ,! ,fam\s ,play]s ,monte ,cri/o1 h[ev]1 0 n1 at any po9t1 padd$4 ,x might h be5 two reels long]--& probably w\ld h be5 ?ree reels long] _h x be5 produc$ a little lat]--)\t giv+ too mu* ( ! weal? ( picture-mat]ial conta9$ 9 ! complete /ory ( ,edmond ,dantes4 ,we m5tion ^! two pictures solely = ! purpose ( draw+ a comp>ison betwe5 ! k9d ( /ories put out 9 #aijh & ^? t 7 beg9n+ to appe> ab\t six ye>s lat]4 ,b padd+--! fill+ up ( ! picture ) non-ess5tial & (t5 v extrane\s details or pictorial effects--has /eadily increas$ ) ! ye>ly increase ( ! s-call$ features1 & has unque/ionably be5 responsible = ! fall+-(f 9 int]e/ among c\ntless =m] photoplay fans4 ,!y h gone into ! !atres expect+ to see a big /> 9 a big /ory--& h come out aft] hav+ se5 only ! big />4 ,j :o is responsible = ?is v unsatisfactory /ate ( affairs x is sometimes h>d to say4 ,occasionally ! /ory1 if writt5 by an outside writ]1 is lack+ 9 plot-mat]ial 9 ! fir/ place1 &1 hav+ be5 pur*as$ on acc\nt ( its hav+1 none ! less1 sev]al good situations1 is all[$ to g into production )\t be+ built up 9 plot 7:i* is q ano!r ?+ f padd+7 by "o ( ! /udio /aff-writ]s4 ,or x may be t1 ! logical l5g? ( t p>ticul> /ory be+ five ?\s& feet1 ! director lets x run on = ano!r reel1 or ev5 two1 9 ord] to be able to "w 9 sev]al hundr$ feet ( q unnecess>y close-ups ( ! female lead1 :o *ances to be 8 wife1 & ^: popul>ity he is naturally anxi\s to ma9ta94 ,?is actually has happ5$2 b ev5 a consci5ti\s & o!rwise arti/ic director may occasionally /ret* a picture out a little 9 ord] to take advantage ( ! beautiful natural locations ( ! "p ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* he is work+4 ,all ^! ?+s be+ s1 x becomes m & m ! duty ( ! au?or to see t 8 /ory has pl5ty ( /ory4 ,give ! director a /rong1 well-develop$ plot & he w h f> less opportunity & mu* less excuse = introduc+ any?+ t w be 9 ! nature ( padd+4 ,moreov]1 s evid5t is x t photoplay audi5ces h come to recognize ! padd$ /ory :5 "o is %[n1 t ! produc]s h />t$ to call a halt on ?is fooli% practice1 & z a result /ories accept$ f ! outside are closely scrut9iz$ to see if !y are full l5g? 9 actual mat]ial4 ,s f> z any special rules 9 connection ) ! writ+ ( ! feature picture is conc]n$1 !re are really none--unless ! admonition to try to make a five-reel /ory five times z int]e/+ & five times z clev]ly plott$ z a "o-reel /ory may be call$ a rule4 ,9 o!r words1 ! writ] :o c turn out a salable synopsis = a "o-reel /ory ought to be able to write an equally good synopsis = a five-reel feature2 & simil>ly1 if y c write ! cont9uity = a "o-reel /ory--if y c write a s+le-reel sc5>io ( ! k9d t w\ld h be5 acceptable 9 any /udio a few ye>s ago--y und\bt$ly c write a five-reel cont9uity t is up to ! te*nical /&>d dem&$ by ^? companies t accept complete scripts today4 ,& ( c\rse ! same applies to ! synopsis only script4 ,! "o ?+ t y _c d1 unless y are actually on ! /aff ( a c]ta9 company1 is obvi\s1 & has be5 ref]r$ to 9 ! *apt] on ,! ,synopsis3 ,y _c write any /ory ) ! c]ta9ty t x w be entirely un*ang$ aft] be+ accept$ = production4 ,any "o ( a doz5 v good reasons may dem& t "s alt]ation1 addition to or elim9ation ( c]ta9 sc5es or p>ts ( sc5es 9 y\r /ory mu/ take place :ile x is 9 ! director's h&s4 ,!re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! necess>y *anges c>efully made by an arti/ic & pa9/ak+ director & ! indiscrim9ate sla%+ to pieces ( a writ]'s /ory common among a c]ta9 v>iety ( directors 9 ! pa/4 ,=tunately = ! writ]1 ?is class ( director is rapidly be+ outlaw$1 & ! photoplaywright %\ld write at all times 9 ! confid5t belief t 8 p]fect-z-he-c-make-x /ory w be adequately put on by a director :o kn[s 8 bus9ess & is1 z ,mr4 ,m]w9 says1 an int]pret] ( ! au?or's plot4 ,we ne$ only repeat "h "o o!r ?+ t we said 9 ,*apt] ,,viii3 ,no matt] :at ! l5g? ( ! /ory1 today1 x is always run ?r\gh--9 all b ! v smalle/ & mo/ out-(-!-way !atres & t[ns respectively--)\t int]ruption1 because two project+ ma*9es are us$1 & ano!r reel is />t$ z soon z "o f9i%es1 !re be+ no p]ceptible break 9 ! action on ! scre54 ,= ?is reason1 if y are writ+ a five-reel feature-/ory )1 say1 =ty sc5es to a reel1 y />t ) ,sc5e #a & numb] /raight ?r\gh to ,sc5e #bjj4 ,!re %\ld be a s]ies ( ris+ climaxes1 b no special =w>d-look+ climax exactly at ! end ( ea* ?\s& feet4 ,also1 ( c\rse1 x is q unnecess>y to h an equal numb] ( sc5es to ea* "p4 ,! action ( y\r fir/ reel--m or less introductory--may dem& only ?irty or ?irty-five sc5es1 :]eas :5 y\r /ory gets to mov+ rapidly y may see ! necessity = runn+ up ! numb] ( sc5es by introduc+ sev]al %ort sc5es1 or fla%es4 #ag4 ,s]ials ,we advise a r]ead+ ( ! def9ition ( ! t]m s]ials giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,9 addition to :at is !re said1 x may be /at$ t1 z a rule1 x is be/ n to write a complete s]ial--ev5 ?\gh only 9 synopsis =m--unless y h :at is beyond "q a sure m>ket4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 mo/ s]ials are writt5 at pres5t by big-"n writ]s ( fiction--su* z ,ar?ur ,b4 ,reeve--or inside writ]s1 su* z ,george ,b4 ,seitz1 :o has be5 responsible = sev]al successful ,pa! s]ials4 ,! comp>atively few outside writ]s :o h made good ) s]ials foll[ ! plan ( writ+ ! synopsis ( ! fir/ f\r or five episodes 7:i* 9 film =m w\ld mean eight or t5 reels71 :i* !y submit = ! editor's approval 9 ! regul> way4 ,if ! editor likes ! idea1 or !me1 ( ! /ory1 & ?9ks x w\ld make a successful picture1 he w commission y to f9i% x4 ,f\r or five episodes ( well-plann$1 susp5se-hold+ plot w be suffici5t to assure him t y are capable ( keep+ up ! same spe$ & mak+ ! /ory consi/5tly int]e/+ all ?r\gh4 ,to reit]ate :at 0 also po9t$ out 9 ! def9ition 9 ,*apt] ,,iii1 y mu/ be> 9 m9d t :ile ! end ( ea* sep>ate reel 9 an ord9>y feature ne$ n end ) a =w>d-look+ climax1 ! end ( ea* episode 9 a photoplay s]ial mu/ be a climax ( a mo/ ?rill+ nature1 or1 at any rate1 mu/ be su* a climax z w greatly excite ! int]e/ ( ! spectator & insure 8 com+ to ! !atre :5 ! next episode is %[n4 ,! s]ial photoplay is exactly l ! well-writt5 & c>efully edit$ s]ial /ory ( fiction4 ,judg$ f ! box-(fice viewpo9t1 ! supreme te/ ( a good photoplay s]ial is its ability to keep ! same spectators com+ to ! !atre :]e x is be+ run week aft] week4 ,:at has be5 said z to ! ?rill+ climax at ! end ( ea* episode1 or *apt]1 mu/ n be int]pret$ z mean+ t a m]e ?rill+ situation is all t is requir$4 ,9 ! boys' /ory-pap]s ( a few ye>s ago1 ref]r$ to 9 our discussion ( ! cut-back1 ! h]o 0 frequ5tly left hang+ ov] ! edge ( ! cliff1 or ti$ to ! railroad track1 or wait+ = ! tim$ fuse to rea* ! keg ( p[d]4 ,^! situations 9 !mselves 7 suffici5t to make juv5ile read]s wait anxi\sly = sev5 :ole days 9 ord] to f9d out :at w\ld happ5 9 our next4 ,x has be5 demon/rat$1 h[ev]1 t :at holds ! att5tion ( ! photoplay spectator1 "y or old1 is ! my/]y connect$ ) ! /ory1 & x is ! solv+ ( ?is my/]y t mu/ con/antly be kept 9 m9d4 ,:o is ! mask$ /rang]8 ,:o is ! own] ( ! my/]i\s clut*+ h&1 ,:o is ! my/]i\s & om9\s p]sonage :o inevitably s5ds a telephone message ( w>n+ :5 ab\t to /rike d[n a new victim8 ,^! are ! que/ions t keep !m guess+ f week to week & draw !m back to witness e episode4 ,y\r climax may be a ?rill+ situation--%\ld be1 9 fact--b x mu/ also be a def9ite way-/ation on ! j\rney to ! po9t ( discov]y4 ,:ile !re is /ill a great deal ( absolute nons5se--view$ f any /&po9t ( common s5se & logic--9 mo/ photoplay s]ials1 & :ile ! long-drawn-out my/]y is (t5 made possible only by ! introduction ( weird & unnatural happ5+s n ev5 possible 9 real life1 !re is n[ a t5d5cy t[>d s]ials m true to life & m dep5d5t = _! success ^u plots t w /& ! acid te/ ( logical reason+4 ,! v fact t ea* sep>ate episode1 ) its v>i\s situations 9 ! work+ out ( ! my/]y1 _h to be dep5d$ ^u to draw ! cr[ds back aga9 to see ! next episode1 0 tak5 z suffici5t excuse = ! introduction ( situations t w\ld make ! wilde/ exploits ( ,diamond ,dick or ,old ,k+ ,brady read l ! ,sunday-s*ool /ories ( a g5]ation ago4 ,! ,:>ton s]ial1 ,! ,eagle's ,eye1 already ref]r$ to1 0 ! fir/ 9 :i* hi/orical facts 7 reproduc$ 9 _! logical ord]1 held toge!r & made m int]e/+ by a v5e] ( fiction4 ,! fictional head ( ! ,crim9ology ,club & ! d>+ woman ,secret ,s]vice op]ative seem$ almo/ to be second>y *>act]s comp>$ to ! mu*-talk$-ab\t ag5ts ( ! ,imp]ial ,g]man ,gov]nm5t ^: nef>i\s acts made s mu* tr\ble = ! ,am]ican detectives & ,secret ,s]vice ag5ts head$ by ex-,*ief ,flynn1 "u ^: sup]vision ! s]ial 0 made4 ,! future holds out imm5se possibilities = produc]s & writ]s ( ?or\ghly good photoplay s]ials4 ,:]eas 9 ! pa/ _m s]ials 7 to be se5 only 9 ! second-rate h\ses1 on acc\nt ( ! fact t _! impossibly ?rill+ situations & weird plots appeal$ only to ! juv5ile & less intellig5t spectators1 n[ ) ! improvem5t 9 ! /ories ( s]ial pictures has come an increase 9 ! spectators :o foll[ !m up1 & a consequ5t introduction ( s]ials into !atres :]e at "o "t no?+ ( ! k9d w\ld h be5 tol]at$4 ,9 conclusion1 x may be said t = purposes ( plot-/udy ! photoplay s]ial c h>dly be surpass$4 ,good1 bad or indiff]5t1 e photoplay s]ial reveals a %e] +5uity ( plott+ t is a g5u9e inspiration to ! writ] ( (t5 bett] mat]ial4 ,& a c>eful foll[+-up & /udy ( a good s]ial is a lib]al photoplay-writ+ education 9 itself4 #ah4 ,f9al ,po9ts ,m & m1 9 ^?--all too few--/udios :]e full scripts are desir$1 ! directors ( ability & intellig5ce are welcom+ ! help ext5d$ by ! au?or--if ! au?or himself is kn[n to be a f9i%$ workman4 ,else:]e we h quot$ ,mr4 ,banni/] ,m]w91 :o1 long be=e he became "o himself1 held t ! director 0 rightfully an int]pret]--a read] ( & build] f ! blue pr9t--( ! au?or4 ,mr4 ,m]w9 0 also "o ( ! fir/ photoplaywrights to submit :at might be call$ a fully elaborat$ script--"o 9 :i* e sc5e 0 s c>efully work$ out t ! motive beh9d e action ( e "* 0 made absolutely pla94 ,not)/&+ ! great] l5g? ( su* a sc5>io1 or cont9uity1 its advantages are emphatic1 & directors are1 z has be5 said1 approv+ x m & m z !y le>n t ! au?or's int5tion is to assi/--to insure a prop] int]pretation ( 8 ?\ght--& n m]ely to try to tea* ! director 8 bus9ess4 ,! script t op5s up a way into ! v he>t ( ! "* s t ! actors & ! director may be guid$ 9 int]pret+ x1 is c]ta9ly va/ly sup]ior1 9 t reg>d at lea/1 to ! sc5>io :i* conc]ns itself *iefly ) ext]nal action4 ,motives & ! :ole inn] life ( ! man1 set d[n cle>ly & briefly1 are 9 ! la/ degree valuable 9 %[+ :at a "* really is & :y he does :at he does4 ,concis5ess4--,b ?is desirable sort ( sc5>io elaboration ,,mu/ ,,n lead to ov]-expansion4 ,brevity & concis5ess are n necess>ily "o1 any m ?an are fullness & prolixity4 ,be concise--cut close to ! l9e2 hav+ />t$ y\r action by sett+ =? a basic incid5t at once int]e/+ & plausible1 keep ! :eels ( y\r /ory 9 motion1 lett+ x accumulate spe$ z x runs on1 & nev] sl[ d[n until aft] ! climax has be5 pass$4 ,keep y\r eye--y\r picture eye--on y\r *>act]s z !y move ab\t & c>ry out ! actions :i* y h plann$ to h !m p]=m2 b describe ^? actions1 z well z ! motives :i* actuate !m1 9 j z few words z possible4 ,d n trifle ) ! t5d5cy to be wordy1 or ev5 to introduce too _m sc5es4 ,! "t is rapidly com+ :5 ! production ( a photoplay w mean ! e>ne/ & intellig5t cooep]ation ( ! au?or1 editor1 & director4 ,b !re is a v decid$ diff]5ce betwe5 includ+ 9 ! p>agraphs ( action ev]y?+ really necess>y to ! prop] und]/&+ ( ! motives actuat+ ! diff]5t *>act]s & ! indiscrim9ate introduction ( extrane\s details t nei!r assi/ 9 tell+ ! /ory nor help 9 mak+ x int]e/+4 ,ov]-,cond5sation4--,on ! o!r side ( ! gold5 middle-gr\nd lies ! weakness ( too great brevity1 & ?is is ! v fault t "s o!rwise good writ]s at times p]mit !mselves to display4 ,_! plots are /rong1 & _! "w is s well & favorably kn[n t _! scripts are accept$2 b because !y h ov]-cond5s$ x becomes necess>y = ! editor or director to add to ! bus9ess ( a c]ta9 "*1 or possibly to devise explanatory ins]ts4 ,too little is worse ?an too mu*4 ,9 _m cases x is ! writ]'s failure to include a few words describ+ a bit ( by-play or a %ort piece ( bus9ess t makes ! sc5>io faulty1 ev5 ?\gh x may f9d a grudg+ acceptance4 ,! ,numb] ( ,words4--,! "q has frequ5tly be5 ask$ by amateur writ]s3 ,h[ _m words are !re 9 a full-reel photoplay--:at is ! av]age numb] ( words to a sc5e8 & s on4 ,no su* consid]ation z ! numb] ( words 9 a script ent]s into ! production ( a motion-picture drama4 ,photoplays are put on1 said "o prom95t produc]1 ) a /op-wat* 9 "o h& & a y>d-/ick 9 ! o!r4 ,x is ! numb] ( feet ( film us$1 & n ! numb] ( words conta9$ 9 ! sc5>io1 ) :i* ! director is conc]n$4 ,!re c be absolutely no set rule--9 f t5 to fifte5 words y may say all t is necess>y 9 ! description ( a sc5e t w use up ?ree hundr$ feet ( film4 ,ano!r sc5e :i* consumes "o hundr$ feet may require five times z _m words1 or m1 to make p]fectly cle> to ! director a %ort b v important bit ( bus9ess4 ,if y leave out ! non-ess5tials1 y w save on ! numb] ( words1 b y %\ld nev] hesitate to tell all t is necess>y 9 ord] to make cle> ! motives & actions ( y\r *>act]s4 ,simple1 ,cle> ,engli%4--,! sc5>io is really no?+ m ?an ! synopsis rewritt5 9 detail & divid$ into sc5es4 ,obs]ve t ! p>agraphs ( action are writt5 9 ! pres5t t5se to help ,,y keep ! action simple & vivid & ,,pres5t4 ,absolutely no?+ is to be ga9$ by attempt$ f9e writ+1 yet x is true t ! be/-paid writ]s today are = ! mo/ "p ! ones :o are giv+ att5tion to cle>ness & precision ( detail & description :5 writ+ ! ?ird division ( _! scripts4 ,b description does n mean hifalut+ ^w pa9t+--x means cle>1 concise sett+ =? ( exactly :at a ?+ is4 ,! ,uselessness ( ,dialogue4--,dialogue1 naturally1 is out ( place 9 ! sc5>io4 ,if ,frank asks ,e!l :]e %e hid ! lett]1 & %e replies by op5+ a volume :i* %e takes f ! bookcase & tak+ x out1 t is all t is necess>y4 ,d n write a l9e ( dialogue :i* tells j :at ,frank says to h]1 except z may be requir$ = an occasional cut-9 lead]4 ,nei!r is x necess>y to say :at words ( h]s accompany ! action ( tak+ ! lett] f ! book :]e x has be5 conceal$4 ,yet !re is "o way 9 :i* dialogue may s]ve a useful purpose 9 writ+ ! sc5>io4 ,if by writ+ a s+le phrase y c tell ! editor & ! director z mu* z y c\ld by writ+ sev]al l9es ( action1 !re is no reason :y y %\ld n use ! l9e--n z dialogue1 h[ev]1 b z /age directions4#bj ,footnote #bj3 ,note ! introduction ( occasional bits ( dialogue 9 ! action portion ( ! ,o4 ,h5ry /ory 9 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,ext]ior ,backgr\nds ,valuable4--,9 plann+ y\r sc5>io rememb] t = sc5es t d n positively dem& indoor sett+s x is be/ to provide an ext]ior backgr\nd1 or location4 ,no matt] h[ well provid$ ) sc5]y a /udio may be !re is always a c]ta9 am\nt ( "t lo/ 9 erect+ sets4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! director does n take ! sc5es 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are writt51 he w be able to save a great deal ( "t if1 betwe5 ! sc5e t is done 9 ! libr>y & ! "o enact$ 9 ! c\rt-room1 he c take 8 p out & get ?ree or f\r1 or ev5 m1 sc5es 9 ! op5 air1 :]e ! sett+ is ready = him4 ,c>efully plan e sc5e be=e y write x1 & see1 = in/ance1 if ,dick c\ld n propose to ,/ella 9 ! g>d51 or on a b5* 9 ! p>k1 j z well z he c\ld 9 ! draw+ room or 9 ! ball-room4 ,help y\rself to m sales by help+ ! director to easi] "w4 ,human ,int]e/4--,9 ! ,biograph photoplay1 ,?ree ,fri5ds1 previ\sly ref]r$ to 9 ?is *apt]1 !re 0 "o %ort sc5e t 0 especially effective--"o ( ^? human-int]e/ bits t are *>act]i/ic ( photoplays t sell4 ,aft] ! arrival ( ! two m51 & ! reconciliation betwe5 ! =eman & ! "y woman's husb&1 ! =m] hurries ! latt] (f to ! factory1 promis+ to give him back 8 job4 ,! ?ird fri5d hangs beh9d1 &1 realiz+ t ! wife is )\t money to buy food1 h&s h] a banknote4 ,%e hesitates to take x2 b he1 notic+ ! revolv] :i* %e n[ holds1 takes x f h] & ?ru/s ! money into h] h& 9 its place1 indicat+ t he is only buy+ ! gun f h]4 ,! woman smiles gratefully1 & ! k9d-he>t$ fri5d hurries out aft] ! o!r two m54 ,x w pay ! /ud5t to rememb] all ! little human t\*es ( ?is k9d t he sees 9 ! photoplays ( o!rs1 &1 :ile by no means copy+ !m1 try to "w into 8 own /ories bits ( simil> value4 ,human int]e/ mu/ be wov5 9 ! plot1 & n ?r[n 9 9 *unks4 ,z = h[ to d x1 ,ea* m9d1 says ,em]son1 has its own me?od4 ,a true man nev] acquires aft] college rules4 ,b ( "o ?+ make sure3 ,plan y\r human appeal f ! />t1 s t ! actual climax may loom up di/9ctly f ! "t y write y\r v fir/ sc5e4 ,z ,jean ,paul has said1 ,! end we aim at mu/ be kn[n be=e ! way4 ,9 conclusion1 we (f] a %ort cate*ism t ! writ] w d well to consult be=e s5d+ out 8 script3 ,is my plot really fre%8 ,c\ld x be call$ a colorable imitation ( any magaz9e /ory1 book1 or play8 ,is x /rong en\gh8 ,is x logical8 ,does x suit ! "t ( ye>8 ,is ! plot n only possible b probable8 ,is ! mat]ial desir$ by ! produc] to :om ,i am s5d+ x8 ,does ! company make t /yle ( /ory8 ,are ! po9ts prop]ly br\ght out1 t o!rs may see !m z ,i d8 ,c ,i make x bett] by alt]+ x8 ,w x pass ! ,c5sors8 ,ev5 if x does1 w x (f5d ev5 "o spectator8 ,d ! synopsis & sc5>io mat* prop]ly1 or h ,i h9t$ at action 9 my synopsis :i* is n adequately work$ out 9 ! cont9uity8 ,on ! o!r h&1 does ! synopsis tell ev]y?+ t happ5s 9 ! sc5>io8 ,is x impracticable = ! cam]a8 ,h ,i introduc$ sc5es t w\ld co/ too mu* to produce8 ,is ! ca/ too small8 ,is x too l>ge8 ,f9ally1 "s anonym\s writ] has said3 ,don't let g ( y\r script until y are positive t y h made e detail cle>1 t y\r lay\t ( sc5es has told ! /ory 9 self-explanatory action1 & t y h answ]$ e prospective ',:y8' ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,sc5e-,,plot ,,& ,,its ,,purpose ,x has be5 said 9 an e>li] *apt] t x is optional ) ! writ] :e!r to submit a sc5e-plot ) 8 complete script2 nev]!less1 we believe t x is advisable4 #a4 ,:y ,prep>e a ,sc5e-,plot ,! reason is a pla9 "o3 ,until ! writ] has become kn[n z a pr(essional1 x is ! _s 9 :i* ! sc5e-plot is s5t r ?an its actual value to ei!r editor or director t c\nts 9 8 favor4 ,x indicates 8 will+ness to help bo? ^! busy m5 s f> z lies 9 8 p[]2 fur!r1 x %[s t he is will+ to d at ! beg9n+ ( 8 c>e] t :i* he w\ld nev] = a mom5t ?9k ( leav+ undone aft] 8 complete scripts are once 9 dem&2 b1 mo/ ( all1 x %[s t he has en\gh confid5ce 9 8 "w to believe t--provid$ ! /ory is acceptable--x w be produc$ ess5tially z he has plann$ x4 ,naturally1 x (t5 happ5s t ! director adds sc5es to ^? plann$ by ! au?or1 & ev5 (t5] "s ( ! au?or's sc5es are cut out2 9 ei!r case1 h[ev]1 s mu* ( ! sc5e-plot z rema9s un*ang$ w h its value4 ,! au?or may feel t ! director's alt]ations are unw>rant$1 b t function>y r>ely makes additions or cuts unless he works an improvem5t4 ,! writ] s5ds ! sc5e-plot along s t1 9 case no dra/ic *anges are necess>y1 ! director may h all ready 8 li/ ( sc5es arrang$ 9 prop] *ronological ord]4 ,f ^! he w prep>e 8 regul> sc5e-plot diagram1 :i* ! c>p5t]s & me*anics w use 9 build+ ! sc5]y1 & by :i* ! /age h&s & prop]ty m5 w be guid$ 9 sett+ ! sc5es & plac+ ! furniture & o!r props4 #b4 ,! ,sc5e-,plot ,expla9$ ,let u n[ expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! only k9d ( sc5e-plot ) :i* ! photoplaywright is conc]n$ & t :i* ! director means :5 he uses ! same t]m4 ,practically all directors h _h exp]i5ce z !atrical produc]s1 or /age directors1 or /age manag]s1 be=e ent]+ ! mov+-picture field4 ,:at is kn[n z a sc5e-plot 9 regul> !atrical "w is a li/ ( ! v>i\s sc5es1 or sets1 %[+ :]e ! diff]5t hang+ pieces 7drops1 cut-drops1 fog drops1 foliage1 fancy1 kit*51 or o!r bord]s7 are hung1 & h[ all ! v>i\s pieces ( sc5]y t are h&l$ on ! floor ( ! /age1 z wood & rock w+s1 set pieces1 flats1 & runs1 are to be arrang$ or set4 ,almo/ e /age c>p5t] has1 9 addition to ?is li/1 a supply ( pr9t$ diagrams %[+ ! exact position on ! /age ( ev]y?+ h&l$ by ! grips1 or sc5e-%ift]s1 z well z ! prop] arrangem5t on ! set ( ! furniture & l>g] props4 ,bo? ! li/ & ! diagram are usually pr9t$ on "o %eet1 & ?is1 kn[n z ! sc5e-plot1 is s5t ahead to ! /age manag]s ( ! !atres 9 ! next t[ns to be play$4 ,at ! same "t1 a prop]ty plot1 be+ simply a li/1 act by act1 ( ! v>i\s props n c>ri$ by ! company1 is s5t to ! prop]ty man ( ! h\se4 ,n[1 ! pr9cipal diff]5ce betwe5 ! regul> & ! mov+-picture /age is t1 9 mak+ photoplays1 natural ext]iors are us$1 9 almo/ e case4 ,consequ5tly1 l&scape & o!r ext]ior drops are almo/ unkn[n 9 mov+-picture "w4 ,z actual drops !y are unkn[n2 :5 su* pa9t$ backgr\nds are us$1 !y are usually pa9t$ on canvas or a sort ( heavy c>dbo>d1 :i* is /ret*$ ov] or tack$ to a solid framework4 ,s t ev5 9 mak+ out 8 work+ sc5e-plot diagram1 a director f9ds t !re are _m te*nical t]ms :i* he con/antly us$ 9 8 !atrical "w b seldom or nev] employs 9 8 capacity ( photoplay produc]4 ,nev]!less1 he /ill uses a sc5e-plot diagram1 draw+ x himself on regul> pr9t$ =ms4 ,z may be ga!r$ f ! =ego+1 ! sc5e-plot diagram = a photoplay sett+ is entirely diff]5t f ! diagram ( ! sett+ = a sc5e on ! regul> /age4 ,! =m] %[s1 pr9t$1 ! comp>ative %ape & dim5sions ( ! /age1 & gives1 9 figures1 ! dep? ( ! /age & ! di/ance f ! cam]a to ! work+ l9e1 bel[ :i* 7t[>d ! cam]a7 an actor mu/ n /ep if he wi%es 8 feet1 !re=e 8 :ole body1 to %[ 9 ! picture4 ,to say ! dep? ( ! /age is to say t ! pr9t$ diagram is m>k$ (f 9 a scale ( feet f ! cam]a's focus4 ,! figures at ! "r side ( ! %eet indicate ! di/ance 9 feet f ! cam]a1 :ile ^? at ! left %[ ! wid? ( ! field1 or range ( ! cam]a l5s1 at diff]5t di/ances4 ,only t portion ( ea* piece ( furniture :i* is m>k$ a solid black 9 ! diagram is suppos$ to %[ 9 ! picture4 ,?us half ( a table may be 9 & half out ( a picture1 or sc5e4 ,?is diagram-=m is made out by ! director = virtually e set t %[s an int]ior sc5e1 & he frequ5tly draws "o also = ext]iors1 :]e a build+1 or ev5 :at appe>s 9 ! picture to be a complete1 p]man5t /ructure1 is set up by ! c>p5t]s & me*anics out ( doors4 ,su* a sc5e-plot diagram is reproduc$ at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,! sc5e-plot :i* y z a photoplay au?or are call$ ^u to prep>e1 h[ev]1 is simply a li/ ( ! sc5es us$ 9 work+ out y\r sc5>io4 ,"h y mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 sc5e & set 7or sett+7 9 photoplay writ+4 ,we "k t ! sc5e is *ang$ e "t t ! cam]a is mov$4 ,"o sc5e or t5 may be tak51 or done1 9 ! same set--t is1 a half-doz5 sc5es might be tak5 successively 9 a bus9ess (fice )\t *ang+ ! set at all4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh y h two hundr$ sc5es 9 y\r five-reel sc5>io1 only tw5ty sets may be ne$$ 9 :i* to play !m4 #c4 ,h[ ,sc5es & ,sets ,are ,photograph$ ,we "k t a sc5e is end$ :5 ! cam]aman /ops gr9d+2 we und]/&1 also1 t a *ange ( sett+ is br\ght ab\t by mov+ ! cam]a1 ev5 ?\gh1 9 ! case ( tak+ two ext]ior sc5es1 ! cam]a is only mov$ en\gh to take 9 a new /age ?ree or f\r feet to ei!r side ( t %[n 9 ! la/ sc5e4 ,! ^w sc5e seems to be a /umbl+ block = "s beg9n]s4 ,take = example ! sett+ %[+ ! b$room 9 ! ran* h\se1 z li/$ 9 ! sc5e-plot ( ,)\t ,rew>d1 & giv5 9 ?is *apt]4 ,9 do+ ! five sc5es t take place 9 t room1 ,sc5e #d w\ld be tak51 ! cam]a w\ld be /opp$1 &1 9 "s /udios1 a l>ge :ite c>d ) ! figure #i pa9t$ on x 9 black w\ld be held a few feet 9 front ( ! l5s4 ,ab\t a foot ( film w\ld !n be expos$1 :i* w\ld ?us regi/] ! numb] ( ! next sc5e to be tak5 9 ! same set4#ba ,!n ,sc5e #i w\ld be done4 ,?is sc5e be+ end$1 ! numb]+-(-!-sc5e process w\ld be repeat$1 ! next sc5e be+ numb] #ag4 ,!n1 9 turn1 w\ld come sc5es #bh & #cj--or1 r1 al?\gh li/$ on ! sc5e-plot z two sc5es1 #bh & #cj w\ld really be photograph$ z "o unbrok5 sc5e1 =1 z a glance at ! sc5e-plot w %[1 ,sc5e #bi is a bu/ sc5e1 :i* means t ! film w\ld be cut at ! prop] place aft] ! sc5e _h be5 tak51 ?us divid+ x into two sc5es1 sep>at$ by ,sc5e #bi 9 ! f9i%$ photoplay4 ,footnote #ba3 ,diff]5t /udios h diff]5t me?ods = record+ ! numb] ( ! next sc5e to be tak54 ,"s use ! numb]$ c>d sy/em--z expla9$ 9 ! body ( ! text--9 :i* a /&1 or tripod1 hav+ a rack on top ) c>ds numb]$ f #a to #ej1 & o!r c>ds m>k$ ,retake1 etc41 is plac$ on ! work+ l9e betwe5 ea* sc5e4 ,9 o!r /udios ! film itself is m>k$ ) ! numb] ( ! sc5e1 j z "o writes ! "n ( a picture on ! film :5 us+ an ,autographic ,kodak cam]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,reception ( ,k+ ,rob]t ( ,sicily by ,8 ,bro!r1 ! ,pope--a ,hi/orical ,photoplay ,produc$ 9 ! ,essanay ,/udio1 ,*icago ,illu/ration3 ,same ,set1 ) ,play]s ,gett+ ,ready = ,action4 ,! ,?ree ,popl> ,trees are ,real1 :ile ! ,re/ ( ! ,backgr\nd is a ,pa9t$ ,drop ,n[1 s9ce ,sc5e #cj is ! la/ to be tak5 9 ! b$room sett+1 let u suppose t ! sett+ %[+ ! int]ior ( ! %]iff's (fice is /&+ on ! /udio floor "r next to ! b$room set4 ,! cam]a is m]ely %ift$ ov] & set up z requir$ to take ! two sc5es 7#bd & #bf7 done successively 9 t set1 & ! same process is gone ?r\gh t 0 foll[$ 9 mak+ ! five sc5es 9 ! b$room4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! "o ?+ t ! photoplaywright mu/ rememb]3 ,all ! sc5es t are to take place 9 "o sett+ or location are made be=e ! cam]a is mov$ an in*1 &1 9 "o way or ano!r1 accord+ to ! p>ticul> /udio1 ! film is m>k$ aft] ea* sc5e s z to %[ ! numb] ( ! sc5e com+ next4 ,! reason is pla93 because sc5es #bh & #cj 7:i* are subsequ5tly divid$ by ! bu/ picture7 & sc5es #d1 #i & #ag1 are all done 9 ! same set1 if ! cam]a 7 n /opp$ & ! film m>k$ be=e ea* new sc5e ) ! numb] ( t sc5e1 ! op]ators 9 ! cutt+ room1 :]e ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! film are assembl$1 w\ld--unless guid$ by ! director--mi/ake all t "p ( ! film %[+ ! b$room sett+ = "o unbrok5 sc5e4 #d4 ,h[ ,sc5e-,plots ,are ,h&l$ by ,directors ,! sc5e-plot = ! writ]'s /ory1 ,)\t ,rew>d1 j ref]r$ to1 foll[s3 ,ext]ior ( ,%]iff's (fice1 ma9 /reet ( t[n1 #a1 #bc4 ,dr4 ,turn]'s (fice1 #b4 ,ext]ior1 ,freeman & ,doctor rid+ to ran*1 #c4 ,b$room 9 ran* h\se1 #d1 #i1 #ag1 #bh1 #cj4 ,corn] ( ran* h\se1 look+ t[>d /able1 #e1 #g1 #af1 #bb1 #bg1 #ca4 ,ext]ior1 suppos$ly at di/ance f1 b )9 sight (1 ,ran*1 #f4 ,kit*5 ( ran* h\se1 #h1 #aj1 #cb4 ,at door ( /able1 #aa4 ,foo?ill trail1 #ab4 ,rocky "p ( hillside1 %[+ entrance to cave 9 side ( cliff1 #ac1 #ae4 ,int]ior ( cave1 #ad4 ,ext]ior1 ,/eve rid+ to t[n1 #ah4 ,road on outskirts ( t[n1 #ai4 ,same road1 f>!r on1 #bj4 ,ext]ior ( ,dr4 ,turn]'s h\se1 #ba4 ,int]ior ( ,%]iff's (fice1 #bd1 #bf4 ,re> ( ,%]iff's (fice1 %[+ corn] ( build+ & side wall1 #be4 ,bu/ ( ,jess's "r h&1 hold+ photograph1 #bi4 ,"h1 x w be se51 !re are f\r int]ior & ?irte5 ext]ior sets1 or backgr\nds4 ,sc5e #ad1 ! int]ior ( ! cave1 0 c\nt$ z an ext]ior :5 giv+ ! numb] ( int]ior & ext]ior sets foll[+ ! title 9 writ+ ! synopsis4 ,?is 0 because1 al?\gh 9 ! picture x w\ld appe> to be tak5 inside a rocky cave1 ! *ances are t x w\ld really be made 9 "s recess ( a rocky cliff-side1 :]e !re w\ld be en\gh light to make ! photography di/9ct1 )\t all[+ ! rays ( ! sun to ca/ any %ad[s t w\ld make x seem unnatural1 s9ce ! cave 0 suppos$ly dimly illum9$ f ! daylight outside4 ,at any rate1 x w\ld n be a /udio sett+--:e!r ! /age 0 an indoor or an op5-air "o--s x w\ld be class$ z an ext]ior4 ,aft] ! cam]aman _h tak5 ,sc5e #c1 :i* %[s ,freeman & ! ,doctor rid+ to ! ran*1 he c\ld probably f9d a suitable backgr\nd = ! sc5e %[+ ,/eve rid+ t[>d ! t[n1 by m]ely turn+ 8 cam]a half way ar\nd4 ,?us ,sc5e #ah might be tak5 aft] ,sc5e #c2 aft] :i*1 by aga9 mov+ ! cam]a only a %ort di/ance1 a suitable spot might be f\nd 9 :i* to take ,sc5e #ab4 ,sc5es #ai & #bj 7 int5d$ to be tak5 on a fairly well-kept piece ( roadway1 suppos$ly on ! outskirts ( ! t[n1 & x might be necess>y to travel "s di/ance to f9d ! desir$ spot4 ,s x w be se5 t ! ord] 9 :i* ! sc5es are writt5 has no?+ to d ) ! ord] 9 :i* !y w be tak54 ,sc5e #bi1 s call$1 is really a "p ( ,sc5e #bh1 be+ simply a bu/ ( ! girl's h& hold+ a photograph4 ,! words writt5 on ! back ( ?is picture h an important be>+ on ! action :i* foll[s2 !re=e x is important t !y %\ld be read by ! spectators4 ,s1 ! mu* enl>g$ bu/ picture is introduc$1 9 :i*1 z has be5 expla9$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 ! h& ) ! photograph is held s close to ! cam]a t :5 ! picture is %[n on ! scre5 ! writ+ is easily read4 ,9 writ+ out ! sc5e-plot1 nev] omit m5tion+ ! bu/ picture1 if "o is us$1 & give x a numb] z if x 7 a di/9ct int]ior or ext]ior1 b :5 giv+ ! total numb] ( int]ior & total numb] ( ext]ior sett+s 7:i* foll[s y\r title 9 writ+ ! synopsis71 d n include x z be+ ei!r "o or ! o!r4 ,x is n ev5 necess>y to say ,"o bu/ picture4 ,on ! o!r h&1 close-ups are reg>d$ z regul> int]ior or ext]ior sc5es1 & mu/ be c\nt$ z su* & s m5tion$ :5 giv+ ! numb] ( sc5es1 z describ$4 #e4 ,h[ ! ,director ,provides ! ,sets ,! director hav+ gone ov] ! au?or's sc5e-plot to aid him 9 prep>+ 8 own diagrams ( ! v>i\s sett+s1 x is m]ely necess>y1 s f> z ! ext]iors are conc]n$1 to g out himself1 or s5d out 8 assi/ant1 to pick ! natural sett+s requir$4 ,9 fact1 9 mo/ mod]n /udios1 an elaborate c>d index sy/em ( li/+ locations1 sometimes situat$ miles f ! /udio1 is ma9ta9$4 ,unless an ext]ior sc5e calls = a log cab91 *ur* front1 or "s build+ ( special con/ruction o!r ?an su* real build+s z may be easily f\nd 9 ! neighborhood (1 or )9 a reasonably %ort di/ance f1 ! produc+ plant1 he does n h to draw a special diagram-plot = ! sc5e4 ,ev5 :5 a new build+ is ne$$1 x is only necess>y to in/ruct ! c>p5t]s to build1 say1 a log cab9 ( a c]ta9 size on ! location he po9ts out1 ) a door1 w9d[s1 etc41 z det]m9$ by him = ! requirem5ts ( ! sc5e4 ,) ! int]ior sc5es x is diff]5t4 ,! sets = ^! are plann$ by ! director to obta9 ! v be/ /age- & sc5ic effects possible f ! /&po9ts ( ar*itecture1 light+1 & arrangem5t ( prop]ties4 #f4 ,! ,director ,a fir/-class company w employ f f\r to t51 or ev5 twelve1 directors4 ,frequ5tly a new director is recruit$ f among ! actors 9 ! /ock company4 ,director & produc] mean practically ! same ?+ 9 photoplay p>lance2 a man w direct ! act+ ( ! play]s :ile engag$ 9 produc+ a picture4 ,z a rule1 if a man is kn[n z a dramatic director1 he adh]es to t k9d ( "w1 j z a fir/-class com$y man w seldom t\* any o!r k9d ( production4 ,!re is always a c]ta9 am\nt ( fri5dly competition among ! directors 9 any /udio1 s9ce !y con/antly vie ) ea* o!r 9 obta9+ ! mo/ arti/ic sett+s = ! v>i\s sc5es ( _! respective /ories4 #g4 ,writ+ ! ,sc5e-,plot ,! actual writ+ ( ! sc5e-plot %\ld come aft] ! sc5>io has be5 complet$4 ,"o way ( do+ x is to g ov] ! sc5>io & write out ! v>i\s sett+s1 & !n give ! numb]s ( ! sc5es play$ 9 ea*4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a v r\ndab\t & tiresome me?od4 ,! be/ & simple/ way is to keep a slip ( pap]1 simil> to ! "o on :i* y make note ( ! *>act]s :5 writ+ ! ca/1 & jot d[n ! sett+s z y come to !m1 add+ ! numb] ( ! sc5e4 ,9 ?is way z y "w on ! sc5>io y h be=e y a li/ ( e sett+ us$1 & c see at a glance :at sc5es are play$ 9 ea* diff]5t sett+4 ,!n :5 y\r sc5>io is f9i%$ y h simply to slip a fre% %eet ( pap] into y\r typewrit] & make a neat copy ( ! complete sc5e-plot4 ,z a safegu>d1 x is bett]1 be=e recopy+1 to *eck up s z to make sure t y h e sc5e acc\nt$ =1 by c\nt+ f "o to :atev] may be ! numb] ( y\r la/ sc5e4 ,9 writ+ ! sc5e-plot x is only necess>y to give a li/ ( ! ext]ior & ! int]ior sett+s2 at ! same "t1 x is sometimes advisable1 especially 9 ! case ( ext]ior sc5es1 to add a few words t w help ! director to und]/& j :at ! sett+ is int5d$ to be )\t hav+ to ref] to ! sc5>io1 :]e su* details w\ld naturally appe>4 ,! foll[+ example is select$ f ! sc5e-plot ( ,sun1 ,s& & ,solitude1 a sc5e-plot diagram f :i* we reproduce on a succe$+ page4 ,! !me ( ?is /ory is ! discont5t ( a "y wife1 caus$ by see+1 mon? 9 & mon? out1 ! sun-bak$ /ret*es ( ! ,arizona des]t4 ,ext]ior1 %[+ des]t1 #ag4 ,= ?is sc5e1 select an extremely b>r5 & unpleas+ bit ( des]t l&scape4 ,ano!r ext]ior1 #bd4 ,a /ret* ( des]t l&scape2 if any?+1 m b>r5 & solit>y ?an #ag4 ,ano!r ext]ior1 #bh4 ,:ile /ill typical des]t l&scape1 x is mu* less b>r5 & desolate ?an ei!r #ag or #bd4 ,!re is no law ( writ+1 & no /udio rule1 to compel y to d any ( ^! little ?+s to help a busy editor or an e>ne/ director1 b1 j because !y are busy m51 :y n try to help !m8 ,s long z ! help is n ov]done1 & is intellig5t1 cle>1 & concise1 x is sure to help y\r script t[>d an acceptance4 ,illu/ration3 diagram ,! sc5e-plot diagram reproduc$ on ! opposite page is ! au?or's orig9al diagram = ! ,liv+ room ( ran* h\se sett+ 9 8 photoplay1 ,sun1 ,s& & ,solitude4 ,) a little /udy ( ?is diagram ! read] w be able to judge j h[ ! sc5e w\ld appe> 9 ! picture on ! scre54 ,( c\rse1 x is nei!r cu/om>y nor necess>y to s5d su* a diagram z ?is :5 y are submitt+ y\r script4 ,!re is a possibility1 h[ev]1 t ! produc] might use ! au?or's diagram z a guide 9 prep>+ t p>ticul> sett+1 %\ld ! photoplaywright s5d "o simil> to ! "o "h reproduc$4 ,! dott$ l9es %[ ! dim5sions ( ! enl>g$ /age = special v l>ge sets4 ,s9ce ! l9e ,e repres5ts ! backgr\nd ( ?is enl>g$ /age1 x w be se5 t x is almo/ twice z wide z ! backgr\nd = ! int]ior sett+ "h %[n4 ,by backgr\nd is meant ! space on ! diagram betwe5 ,b & ,d1 n ! des]t back+1 :i*1 if ! sc5e 7 tak5 inside ! /udio1 w\ld be simply a pa9t$ backgr\nd1 tak+ ! place ( ! drop :i* w\ld be us$ on ! regul> /age4 ,x w be notic$ t1 al?\gh !re are a c\ple ( /eps lead+ to ! v]&a1 !re is only "o po/ indicat$ on ! diagram4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is because a po/ at ! o!r side ( ! /eps is unnecess>y1 t po9t be+ mask$ by ! piece ( sc5]y repres5t+ ! back wall ( ! room4 ,! op5 door %[s a portion ( ! v]&a rail+ & ! po/ on ! left ( ! /eps4 ,z ! sc5>io %[s1 ,dean is c>ri$ up ^! /eps1 & into ! b$room on ! left1 aft] he has be5 ?r[n f 8 horse4 ,to ! "r ( ! door1 & look+ out ^u ! v]&a1 is a bay w9d[1 =m+ a w9d[-seat4 ,att5tion is call$ to ! fact t :at is s frequ5tly call$ a bay w9d[ is1 prop]ly1 a b[ w9d[1 ! ?ree sides ( a bay w9d[ be+ at "r angles to ea* o!r4 ,! sidebo>d at ! "r ( ! /age is absolutely ess5tial to ! climax ( ! plot1 ?\gh only half ( x--en\gh to %[ ! upp] left-h& draw] di/9ctly--ne$ appe> 9 ! picture4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,use ,,& ,,abuse ,,( ,,lead]s1 ,,lett]s ,,& ,,o!r ,,ins]ts ,a full reel conta9s approximately "o ?\s& feet ( film4 ,! ord9>y five-reel feature is !re=e some:at less ?an five ?\s& feet 9 l5g?4 ,) f> less /ress laid ^u ! admonition to ,make y\r lead]s & ins]ts brief ?an =m]ly1 ! writ] /ill mu/ keep 9 m9d ! fact t ! major portion ( a five-?\s&-foot film mu/ be devot$ to sc5es--to action :i* ! spectator m]ely wat*es--& t ! ins]ts1 ( :atev] nature1 mu/ nev] be all[$ to cr[d ?is action-"p ( ! picture4 ,at ! same "t1 any /ory ) ! av]age am\nt ( plot-complication c be told--! action-portion1 t is1 c be fully work$ out--9 f #c1hjj to slightly ov] #d1jjj feet2 :i* means t some?+ less ?an "o ?\s& feet ( film may be1 & frequ5tly is1 giv5 up to ! v>i\s ins]ts4 ,?is matt] ( footage is "o :i* dem&s ! att5tion ( bo? director & cam]aman4 ,on ! side ( ! motion-picture cam]a is an indicator1 by :i* is comput$ ! exact numb] ( feet expos$ ea* "t ! cam]aman turns ! h&le4 ,at ! conclusion ( ea* sc5e ! director cries ,cut6 ,! cam]aman /ops turn+1 looks at ! indicator1 & ann\nces ,sev5ty-five6 or :atev] ! numb] ( feet us$4 ,9 "s cases x is necess>y to take ! sc5e aga91 alt]+ ! bus9ess slightly or hurry+ ! action a little to r$uce ! footage consum$ 9 a c]ta9 sc5e4 ,a po9t wor? not+ is t ! director c seldom figure 9 advance ! exact am\nt ( footage a c]ta9 sc5e w require--ev5 aft] x has be5 rehe>s$ & tim$ sev]al times2 :]eas he c always tell ! exact numb] ( feet he mu/ give to ea* ( ! v>i\s ins]ts1 because ins]t footage is reckon$ 9 advance1 a c]ta9 numb] ( feet be+ all[$ = ea* ^w4 ,photoplay audi5ces h gradually be5 educat$ up to an appreciation ( sub-titles1 or lead]s1 :5 !y are all t !y ought to be 7a po9t :i* we %all pres5tly discuss72 & less att5tion is paid to ! r selfi% cry ( ! illit]ates 9 ! audi5ce :o insi/ t !y came to look at pictures1 & n to read a book4 ,z "o ( ! mo/ prom95t !atre manag]s 9 ,san ,francisco rec5tly said 9 ! ,motion ,picture ,news3 ,9 _m pictures ! big sc5e is 'put ov]' by a sub-title4 ,! word+ ( a sub-title 9 a big situation c make or break a picture1 & x is !re=e false economy to all[ ?is "w to be done by any p]son o!r ?an "o ) real lit]>y tal5t1 :o is ?or\ghly conv]sant ) ! art ( expression4 ,we h already po9t$ out t 9 mo/ /udios ! "w ( writ+ lead]s & ins]ts is n[ att5d$ to by "o speciali/--! sub-title editor1 z he is usually call$4 ,j z mu* c>e is put into ! prep>ation ( ev]y?+ 9 ! nature ( an ins]t z att5ds ! mak+ ( ! sc5es ( ! picture4 #a4 ,:y ,ins]ts ,are ,us$ ,be=e ! adv5t ( pictures ( five & m reels1 ) _! consequ5t great] room = ins]t$ matt] 9 addition to ! necess>y sc5es1 ! g5]al op9ion 0 t ! p]fect photoplay _h no lead]s & ne$$ none4 ,c]ta9ly1 su* a picture w\ld be ideal if a photoplay 7 to be a motion picture & no?+ m ?an t1 s9ce x w\ld be s p]fectly act$ & s self-explanatory t no ins]t$ explanation ( any k9d w\ld be necess>y4 ,practically1 h[ev]1 ! only photoplay t c be made )\t ! aid ( at lea/ a few lead]s or o!r ins]ts--t is1 t c be no?+ b pictur$ action--is "o on ! ord] ( ! ,vitagraph ,company's "o-reel release ( sev]al ye>s ago1 ,jeal\sy1 9 :i* ! entire picture 0 made 9 a s+le set4 ,9 x ,miss ,flor5ce ,turn] 0 ! only actor1 tell+ ! :ole /ory cle>ly1 coh]5tly1 & ) /rong dramatic =ce1 & mak+ e phase ( ! plot cle>1 ! only outside assi/ance %e receiv$ be+ ! mom5t>y appe>ance ( two o!r h&s ?an h] own--a man's & a woman's--?r\gh ! curta9s cov]+ ! doorway4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 pure pantomime1 & mo/ arti/ically p]=m$2 ! woman's e ?\ght1 s to say1 0 portray$1 & und]/ood by ! spectator z if ! play 7 accompani$ by a pr9t$ synopsis ( ! /ory4 ,b x w\ld seem to be impossible to produce a photoplay hav+ *anges ( sc5e1 plot complications1 f six to a doz5 or m *>act]s1 & lapses ( action-"t betwe5 ! diff]5t sc5es1 )\t employ+ any ins]ts4 ,ev5 9 a small gr\p ( sc5es x is (t5 extremely difficult to make a c]ta9 important po9t 9 ! action regi/]--t is1 %[ ! spectator :at is 9 ! m9ds ( ! *>act]s z ! sc5e is work$ out4 ,9 su* a case1 ev5 ?\gh ! sc5>io z plann$ by ! au?or does n conta9 an ins]t at t po9t1 ! director may deem x advisable to introduce "o to make ! situation cle>4 ,! use ( ins]ts1 !n1 is necess>y4 #b4 ,! ,ov]-,use ( ,ins]ts ,! ov]-use ( !m1 on ! contr>y1 is n only entirely unnecess>y b a positive drawback to ! director1 & frequ5tly "o ( ! reasons :y an unavailable manuscript is return$ to ! writ]4 ,a good rule is to employ ins]ts only :5 x is impossible to progress & /ill make e po9t ( y\r plot cle> & effective )\t _! aid4 ,?is ne$ = an ins]t ( "s sort at a giv5 po9t may be inh]5t 9 ! mat]ial & !re=e desirable z well z ne$ful1 b d n admit su* a necessity )\t s]i\s ?\ght4 ,+5uity accompli%es wond]s4 ,rememb]1 ! use ( a lead] is 9 mo/ cases a frank confession t y are incapable ( putt+ ov] a po9t 9 ! developm5t ( y\r plot solely by ! action 9 ! sc5es--y mu/ call 9 outside assi/ance1 z x 74 ,a sc5>io writt5 by a novice (t5 conta9s _m lead]s :i* he consid]s necess>y to tell 8 /ory1 yet ! same plot 9 ! h&s ( a tra9$ writ] c\ld be made into a photoplay ) _m less sub-titles4 ,l fire1 ! lead] is a good s]vant b a bad ma/]4 ,once y discov] t y are gett+ into ! habit ( introduc+ an explanatory ins]t be=e almo/ e sc5e1 x is "t to remodel y\r idea ( :at con/itutes prop] te*nique4 ,b :5 a lead] c be us$ to advantage1 d n hesitate to ins]t x--x has a di/9ct value & t value mu/ n be despis$4 ,true1 any lead] halts ! action because x de/roys ! illusion to "s ext5t1 & div]ts ! att5tion f ! picture to ! explanatory words4 ,b x is also true t x puts ! m9d ( ! spectator 9 a mood to accept & appreciate ! action :i* is to foll[4 ,!re=e1 use ! lead]1 or any o!r ins]t--discreetly4 ,we h repeat$ly advis$ ! w\ld-be photoplaywright to /udy ! pictures z he sees !m on ! scre51 & to ga9 !refrom a k ( :at is requir$ by ! manufactur]s4 ,at ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 we w\ld w>n writ]s n to copy ! example ( c]ta9 companies ^: pictures are ne>ly always ov]load$ ) sub-titles :i* appe> to h be5 introduc$ = no o!r reason ?an to af=d ! sub-title editor an opportunity to d "s clev] writ+4 ,_m critics h ass]t$--n entirely )\t cause--t ! type ( photoplay com$y-dramas orig9at$ by ,d\glas ,fairbanks are less ?an "o-half action1 ! re/ be+ m]ely clev] b (t5 uness5tial sub-titl+4 ,:ile ?is criticism is r sev]e1 x _c be d5i$ t c]ta9 /ories ( ! k9d m5tion$1 featur+ ?is /> & o!rs1 h be5 f> too dep5d5t = _! appeal to ! spectator ^u ! humor\s1 epigrammatic say+s ( ! *>act]s4 ,true1 x is usually aft] leav+ ! !atre1 & review+ ! picture 9 retrospect1 t ! spectator realizes t ! acc5t has be5 too def9itely on ! sub-titl+ & n en\gh ^u ! action1 b :5 he does realize x1 he feels disappo9t$--& wat*es ! next release featur+ ! same /> to see if x w be repeat$4 ,m ?an ev] be=e1 9 ?is day ( feature photoplays1 !re is a con/ant opportunity to use lead]s & o!r ins]ts ) tell+ effect4 ,! po9t simply is t ) m leeway ?an ! writ] has ev] be5 giv5 be=e1 y %\ld le>n to take advantage ( e %9+ opportunity to "w 9 a really effective sub-title1 :ile con/antly gu>d+ aga9/ ! temptation to introduce "o on ! slighte/ excuse4 ,let su* ins]ts z y d use be phras$ 9 cle>1 t]se language4 ,! old example 9 ! s*oolbook1 t x is simpl] & !re=e bett] to say1 ,a lea!r apron ?an1 ,an apron ( lea!r1 holds good ) ins]ts1 & especially lead]s4 ,%ort1 clean-cut s5t5ces /rike ! eye & p5etrate ! m9d ! mo/ quickly & effectively4 ,if y d\bt ?is1 look at a good adv]tisem5t4 ,s d n only disp5se ) e ne$less ins]t1 b cut out f ea* ins]t e ne$less ^w4 #c4 ,! ,dang] ( ,ov]-,compression ,9 cutt+1 d n g too f>4 ,use en\gh words to be cle> & def9ite4 ,vagu5ess is an abom9ation & confus+ pron\ns make an au?or z ridicul\s z 8 sc5e is un9telligible4 ,rememb] t ! lead] is %[n on ! scre5 = only a mom5t1 & x is = y to assi/ ! spectator by mak+ y\r lead] s pla9 n t x may be und]/ood1 z ,qu9tilian us$ to say1 b t x mu/ be und]/ood4 ,x is q z possible to use too few ins]ts1 especially lead]s1 z x is to use s few words 9 !m z to m> _! mean+4 ,"y writ]s are (t5 m eag] to foll[ ! advice ( _! m5tors ?an !y are bold to use _! own common-s5se2 & hav+ _h ! importance ( brevity well p\nd$ 91 !y produce scripts ) ! d\ble fault ( n hav+ en\gh action to make ! plot cle>1 & n en\gh ins]ts to help out ! action4 ,z an example ( ?is t5d5cy t[>d ov]-compression1 take ! script ( "o amateur writ]4 ,x conta9$ a sc5e 9 :i* ,m>y1 ! h]o9e1 con/antly abus$ by a drunk5 /ep-fa!r1 /eals out ( ! h\se at night z if ab\t to />t = "s o!r t[n :]e %e c make h] own liv+ & be free f ! /ep-fa!r's abuse4 ,9 ,sc5e #g1 ,m>y1 c>ry+ a suit case1 leaves ! f>m-h\se :]e %e _h always liv$4 ,sc5e #h %[s h] plodd+ we>ily along ! road lead+ to t[n4 ,!n 9 ,sc5e #i we are back 9 ! kit*5 at ! f>m-h\se4 ,! room is des]t$4 7,ev]yone suppos$ to be 9 b$47 ,! door op5s & ,m>y ent]s1 c>ry+ suit case1 :i* %e puts d[n j inside ! door4 ,%e /agg]s to ! rock+ *air & drops we>ily into x1 z if completely fatigu$4 ,& s on4 ,on read+ ! script1 "o's natural supposition is t ,m>y has ?\ght x ov] :ile plodd+ we>ily t[>d t[n1 &1 rememb]+ ! com=table b$ :i* awaits h] at ! old home--ev5 ?\gh ! next morn+ w br+ m ill treatm5t at ! h&s ( ! /ep-fa!r--has return$ to make ! be/ ( x4 ,aft] read+ ?ree m sc5es1 h[ev]1 we le>n t ,m>y _h n only rea*$ ! t[n1 b _h gone s f> z ! big city1 f :i* %e _h return$ aft] a fruitless se>* = "w4 ,sc5e #i is really suppos$ to take place two weeks aft] ,sc5e #h6 ,n[1 lay+ aside ! fact t no sc5es are introduc$ to %[ :at happ5$ to h] aft] %e w5t to ! city1 ! script does n ev5 give a sc5e %[+ h] bo>d+ a tra9 to g1 s !re is no?+ ev5 to h9t t ,sc5e #i did n take place on ! same night t ,m>y left home4 ,! po9t ( all ?is is t1 _h ?is script be5 accept$ at all1 & ev5 _h n ! produc] *os5 to introduce any sc5es %[+ ,m>y 9 ! city1 a lead] ( "s k9d betwe5 ,sc5es #h & #i w\ld h be5 absolutely necess>y4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 an amateur script1 & ! :ole /ory 0 impossible f ! /&po9t ( logic & ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts2 b 9 m ?an "o picture t has be5 %[n on ! scre5 we h notic$ ! omission ( a lead] at a po9t 9 ! action :]e "o 0 v necess>y1 z a consequ5ce ( :i* ! spectator 0 left--= ! space ( two or ?ree sc5es at lea/--to guess at :at 0 :at4 ,x is wor? rememb]+ t y are n an accompli%$ photoplaywright until y c produce a /ory t is ?or\ghly und]/&able all ! way ?r\gh by action & ins]ts4 ,y are a clev] writ]1 und\bt$ly1 if y c produce a lead]less script4 ,b x is no indication ( clev]ness m]ely to leave out a lead]--only to f9d1 :5 y\r /ory is produc$1 t ! director has f\nd x necess>y to add :at y h simply cut out or nev] put 94 ,he is a fooli% & %ort-sight$ writ] inde$ :o gives any director su* an opportunity to d\bt 8 k ( photoplay te*nique4 ,9 ?is connection1 let u quote ,mr4 ,frank ,e4 ,woods1 :o1 besides be+ well kn[n z a critic1 photoplaywright1 director & sup]visor ( productions "u ,mr4 ,david ,w4 ,griffi?1 is an ackn[l$g$ exp]t 9 edit+ motion pictures4 ,_m a picture1 says ,mr4 ,woods1 has be5 ru9$ by inadequate sub-titles4 ,! mak]s ( ! picture h assum$ t because !y und]/ood ! mean+ ( e action1 ! spectators %\ld also und]/&1 =gett+ t ! spectators w view ! picture = ! fir/ "t4 ,! mom5t a spectator becomes confus$ & loses ! s5se ( :at he is see+ on ! scre51 8 int]e/ is gone4 ,:ile he is wond]+ ',:at are !y talk+ ab\t n[8' or ',:o is ! *ap 9 ! long coat8' or ',h[ did he get f ! h\se 9 ! woods8' ! film is be+ reel$ (f m]rily & ! spectator has lo/ ! ?read ( ! /ory4 ,go+ to ! o!r extreme & ins]t+ sub-titles :]e ! mean+ is p]fectly obvi\s1 or tell+ 9 sub-titles t :i* is to be pictur$ imm$iately aft]1 %\ld also be avoid$1 al?\gh pictures are sometimes criticiz$ = hav+ too _m titles :5 9 fact ! ke5-ey$ critic is ! only "o :o f9ds !m too _m4 ,! av]age spectator is none too al]t4444 ,! sub-title %\ld be 9 complete h>mony ) ! /ory & %\ld nev] div]t int]e/ f ! /ory4 ,x %\ld nev] be obtrusive4 ,x %\ld be !re only because x belongs !re4 ,!re=e all sub-titles %\ld be c\*$ 9 language t h>monizes ) ! /ory4 ,e ^w %\ld be weigh$4 ,no?+ %\ld ev] %ock ! spectator out ( 8 int]e/ 9 ! picture by its incongruity1 extravagance or inanity4 ,too mu* 9 a sub-title is z bad z too little--l season+ 9 a pudd+4 ,! function ( ! sub-title is to supplem5t & correct ! action ( ! picture1 to cov] lapses 9 ! cont9uity1 & to supply ! f9] %ades ( mean+ :i* ! actor has be5 unable to express 9 pantomime4#bb ,footnote #bb3 ,edit+ a ,motion ,picture1 by ,frank ,e4 ,woods1 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w4 ,9 pass+1 let u note "o po9t ( consid]able mom5t4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t _m pictures are %[n 9 :i* a lead] imm$iately foll[s ! title1 x is mu* bett] n to arrange x s4 ,let y\r title be foll[$ by a sc5e--by action--ev5 ?\gh ! sc5e be a %ort "o4 ,!n1 if necess>y1 introduce y\r fir/ lead]4 ,if :5 ! photoplay op5s ! title is fla%$ ^u ! scre51 & imm$iately a lead] is %[n1 !re is a *ance t1 hav+ tak5 9 ! title almo/ at a glance1 ! spectator may mom5t>ily div]t 8 gaze & s miss y\r fir/ lead]1 only turn+ 8 eyes t[>d ! scre5 aga9 :5 he notices t a sc5e is be+ %[n4 ,aga91 ev5 ?\gh he may be wat*+ closely1 ! spectator is seldom q s att5tive to an explanatory ins]t :i* is %[n be=e ! op5+ sc5e z he is to "o introduc$ lat]1 :5 he has already become int]e/$4 ,mo/ critics are also agre$ t ! use ( lead]s introduc+ ! pr9cipal *>act]s 7usually accompani$ by a few feet ( film 9 :i* ! "* nam$ is also pictur$1 p]haps 9 ! act ( b[+ to ! audi5ce1 or 9 "s pose *>act]i/ic ( ! "p he plays7 is a mi/ake1 :5 su* introduc+ is done be=e ! fir/ sc5e ( ! /ory has be5 %[n4 ,und\bt$ly any?+ com+ be=e ! fir/ sc5e is really out ( place--s f> z its be+ "p ( ! /ory is conc]n$4 ,aga9 ,mr4 ,s>g5t /at$ a fact :5 he said t ,:at goes be=e ! fir/ real sc5e ( a /ory is no m a "p ( t /ory ?an ! design-head is a "p ( ! fiction /ory4 ,no magaz9e editor expects ! au?or to be 8 own arti/ & supply an illu/rat$ title4 ,/>t y\r /ory ) ! fir/ sc5e ( action1 & let ! director supply ! prelim9>y sc5es close-ups ( ! pr9cipals & lead]s to suit himself4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ?\gh1 ! v be/ reason = n introduc+ f ?ree to six or eight *>act]s be=e ! op5+ sc5e is t by ! "t ! /ory has advanc$ a little _m ( ! spectators h =gott5 :o is :o1 :]eas !y h a mu* bett] opportunity to fix a "*'s "n & occupation--s to speak--9 _! m9ds if t "* is briefly b prop]ly introduc$ at ! po9t ( 8 fir/ entrance into ! action ( ! play4 ,only ! fact t we 7 already famili> ) ! faces ( ! contempor>y hi/orical *>act]s %[n 9 su* features z ,ambassador ,g]>d's ,my ,f\r ,ye>s 9 ,g]many made x possible = u to keep track1 dur+ ! fir/ few sc5es 9 :i* ea* "o appe>$1 ( ! p]sons %[n4 ,no "o c\ld possibly h memoriz$ ! panoramic lead] giv+ ! ca/1 ) its ?irty or m names ( *>act]s & play]s4 #d4 ,f\r ,special ,functions ( ,lead]s ,prop]ly us$1 lead]s c accompli% f\r results v satisfactorily3 7a7 ,m>k ! passage ( "t2 7b7 cle> up a po9t ( ! action :i* c\ld n o!rwise be made to regi/]2 7c7 break a sc5e2 & 7d7 prep>e ! m9d ( ! spectator to ent] into ! sc5e 9 ! "r _s4 7a7 ,m>k+ ! passage ( "t4 ,9 ! amateur script previ\sly discuss$1 we f\nd ! ne$ = ?is use ( ! lead]4 ,! introduction1 betwe5 sc5es #h & #i1 ( a lead] tell+ ! spectator t ! ev5ts 9 ,sc5e #i 7 suppos$ to happ5 ,two weeks lat] ?an ^? tak+ place 9 ,sc5e #h1 w\ld h gone a long way t[>d cle>+ up ! plot ( ! /ory4 ,9 ?is case1 ( c\rse1 x w\ld h be5 necess>y to add to ! /atem5t conc]n+ ! passage ( "t ano!r /atem5t z to :at _h happ5$ 9 ! int]val1 ! complete lead] read+3 ,two weeks lat]1 ,m>y returns home aft] fail+ to get "w 9 ! city4 ,or1 bett] /ill3 ,aft] two weeks ( fruitless se>* = "w 9 ! city1 ,m>y returns to h] old home4 ,try to get away f ! monoton\s use ( ! ,next day1 ,! next day1 & ,two ye>s lat]1 /yle ( lead]4 ,say3 ,! foll[+ aft]noon1 ,aft] five ye>s1 ,lat] 9 ! ev5+1 or ,six mon?s h pass$4 ,ev5 ?\gh y f9d :5 y\r /ory is produc$ t ! director has se5 fit to omit altoge!r ! lead] t y wrote 9 at a c]ta9 po9t ( ! action1 y h ! satisfaction ( kn[+ t1 _h he us$ "o !re1 he c\ld n h improv$ ^u ! "o y wrote4 7b7 ,cle>+ up a po9t 9 ! action is too obvi\s a use ( ! lead] to require mu* discussion4 ,"s ?+s m]e actions _c express1 & "s explanations mu/ be v]bally made because pantomime sugge/ion is inadequate4 ,to take _! prop] place 9 ! photoplay all su* lead]s %\ld be m ?an m]ely explanatory3 !y %\ld h g5u9e dramatic value--j z mu* z an important spee* w\ld h 9 a legitimate dramatic production4 ,9 ! pictur$ drama ! lead] really fills 9 a significant "p ( ! plot :i* c\ld n be portray$ by wordless action4 ,miss ,lois ,web]1 a well-kn[n photoplay au?or :o has also produc$ "s v f9e feature photoplays1 says 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w3 ,(t5 ! "r words 9 a lead] or o!r ins]t are ! means ( creat+ an atmosph]e t w height5 ! effect ( a sc5e1 j z a te>ful conv]sation or soliloquy1 at a /age dea?-b$ w move ! audi5ce to te>s :]e ! same sc5e enact$ 9 sil5ce w\ld leave x dry-ey$4 ,naturally1 ! wrong words may h ! opposite effect1 b t is no argum5t aga9/ ! lead]2 x only argues t ! wrong p]son wrote x4 7c7 ,break+ a sc5e ) a lead] may be expla9$ by an illu/ration1 :i* at ! same "t w s]ve to exemplify h[ ! m9d exp]i5ces a m or less unconsci\s 7d7 prep>ation = ! ensu+ sc5e4 ,suppose y h a com$y sc5e %[+ a ba?tub gradually fill+ ) wat] because ! faucet 0 left op54 ,9 ! "t requir$ to fill ! ba? & cause x to ov]fl[1 five or six hundr$ feet ( film w\ld be us$ up if ! sc5e 7 n *ang$4 ,in/ead ( ?is wa/e ( film1 y c\ld1 aft] regi/]+ ! fact t ! runn+ wat] 0 rapidly fill+ ! ba?1 introduce a lead]3 ,t5 m9utes lat]--! tide rises4 ,su* a lead] prep>es ! spectator = ! funny sc5e t is to foll[2 & :5 ! next sc5e is %[n1 9 :i* ! wat] is ov]fl[+ ! ba? & turn+ ! ba?room into a m9iature lake1 ! spectator realizes :at has happ5$ 9 ! t5 m9utes :i*1 accord+ to y\r lead]1 has elaps$ s9ce ! la/ sc5e 0 %[n4 ,or1 9 y\r /ory1 a lumb]man may be injur$ by hav+ a tree t he is *opp+ d[n fall on him4 ,to %[ ! :ole process ( fell+ a good-siz$ tree w\ld take too long--x w\ld consume too mu* footage1 & be monoton\s to ! spectator4 ,also1 x is ! effect & n h[ x is obta9$ t makes a picture ( ?is k9d successful4 ,= ^! reasons ! man %\ld be %[n z he />ts to *op d[n ! tree4 ,!n aft] he has made "s p]ceptible progress y might introduce a lead]4 ,! accid5t2 &1 foll[+ ! lead]1 %[ ! man p9n$ to ! gr\nd by ! fall5 tree2 !n proce$ ) ! succe$+ action4 ,y may be sure t ! audi5ce w und]/& t ! man has be5 knock$ d[n by & p9n$ "u ! tree z x fell2 x is only necess>y to %[ ^! two sc5es4 ,a lead]1 h[ev]1 %\ld nev] be employ$ to break a sc5e unless !re is absolutely no *ance to introduce 9 its /ead a %ort sc5e1 ! %[+ ( :i* w help ! progress ( ! plot2 or unless a lead] w s]ve ! d\ble purpose ( break+ ! sc5e & supply+ ! audi5ce ) an explanation t is important j at t "t4 ,tak+ ! two examples j giv51 9 :i* a lead] is us$ to break ! sc5e1 !re is sc>cely any d\bt t1 7 y writ+ ^! sc5es 9 sc5>io =m1 y might easily sub/itute sc5es t w\ld help ! action ( ! /ory & all[ y to disp5se ) ! lead]s altoge!r4 ,= in/ance1 y c\ld %[ ! sc5e 9 :i* ! abs5t-m9d$ man leaves ! wat] runn+ into ! ba? & goes out ( ! room4 ,!n1 %[ a sc5e 9 8 b$room1 :]e he is cont5t$ly remov+ ! /uds f 8 %irt4 ,sudd5ly he rememb]s t he has left ! wat] runn+4 ,) an expression ( dismay1 he jumps up & runs out ( ! room4 ,fla% back to ! ba?room sc5e4 ,! tub has ov]fl[$ & ! room is fill+ ) wat]4 ,z ! excit$ man op5s ! door1 ! flood p\rs out into ! hall4 ,! %ort sc5e 9 ! b$room makes ! lead] unnecess>y4 ,bett] fifte5 feet ( film %[+ ! b$room sc5e ?an five feet ( lead]4 ,aga91 aft] ! lumb]man _h />t$ to *op d[n ! tree1 y might fla% a %ort sc5e %[+ a c\ple ( o!r m5 at "w 9 ano!r "p ( ! =e/4 ,all at once !y bo? /op "w & regi/] t !y h he>d some?+ t />tles !m4 ,"o speaks excit$ly to ! o!r1 & bo? run out ( ! picture4 ,y !n %[ ! sc5e ) ! man ly+ b5ea? ! fall5 tree4 ,pres5tly ! two m5 :o he>d 8 cries = help come runn+ up to him4 #e4 ,cut-9 ,lead]s ,"o v effective =m ( ! lead] is ! cut-91 describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,x4 ,x takes ! =m ( ! spee* ( "o ( ! *>act]s1 be+ writt5 9 quotation m>ks4 ,?is device ( ?r[+ on ! scre5 ! suppos$ words ( a c]ta9 "* at ! mom5t ( action enables ! photoplaywright to tell all t is necess>y mu* bett] ?an he c\ld by a long /atem5t ( :at is go+ on--a po9t t is well wor? rememb]+4 ,directors are n[ us+ ! explanatory cut-9 lead] z mu* z possible1 to ! exclusion ( ! ord9>y "o :i* m]ely /ates facts4 ,?is does n mean t !y are try+ to sub/itute dialogue lead]s1 b t :]ev] ! new] =m c be us$ to advantage x is less object$ to by ! audi5ce ?an is ! bald /atem5t-sub-title--d\btless because x is 9 l9e ) ! illusion ( reality 9 us+ ! play]'s words1 & is n m]ely an ins]tion by ! director or ! au?or1 z o!r ins]ts evid5tly are4 ,= ! reason t all lead]s m or less int]rupt ! action ( a sc5e1 "s directors pref] decid$ly n to use cut-ins m ?an is necess>y1 _! argum5t be+ t = a few seconds foll[+ ! "r-9-!-middle-(-!-sc5e lead]1 ! m9d ( ! spectator is engag$ ) ! import ( :at he has j read on ! scre51 & ! action imm$iately foll[+ ! lead] is at lea/ p>tially ov]look$4 ,yet a cut-9 lead] is usually "o t sudd5ly discloses an important po9t ( ! plot4 ,x may be t "o ( ! *>act]s1 :5 ! sc5e is ab\t half ?r\gh1 unexpect$ly makes a /atem5t :i* am\nts to a confession ( "s crime4 ,we read on ! scre51 ,judge1 %e said t to save me4 ,t is my revolv]6 ,no soon] has ! cut-9 be5 %[n1 & ! action resum$1 ?an ! eyes ( e spectator are fa/5$ ^u ! face ( ! "* 9 ! sc5e :o %\ld1 by all logical reason+1 be mo/ affect$ by t confession4 ,if a sc5e is important en\gh to require a cut-9 lead]1 x is reasonable to suppose t x has ! full att5tion ( ! spectator aft] ! fir/ few seconds ( action4 ,?is be+ s1 x w\ld seem t ! spectator is f> less likely to miss a po9t ( ! action imm$iately foll[+ a cut-9 ?an he is to miss :at occurs at ! beg9n+ ( a sc5e1 foll[+ an ord9>y betwe5-!-sc5es lead]4 ,x is a fact t a few directors drag ! action ( a sc5e = ! fir/ few seconds foll[+ an ord9>y lead] = ! purpose ( aga9 c5t]+ ! att5tion ( ! behold] on ! action itself1 be=e develop+--9 action--ano!r po9t ( ! plot4 ,we h already ref]r$ to panoramic lead]s giv+ long ca/s ( *>act]s1 ! lead] mov+ upw>ds on ! scre5 in/ead ( sidewise z 9 panoramic sc5es4 ,today1 ! panoramic sub-title1 z well z ! panoramic lett] or o!r ins]t1 is q common1 especially 9 feature pictures4 ,^? directors :o1 not)/&+ all1 /ill favor ! use ( introductory matt] be=e ! fir/ sc5e1 frequ5tly resort to long panoramic sub-titles z a means ( mak+ ! spectator famili> ) ! !me ( ! /ory be=e />t+ to tell x1 j z ,kipl+ has s frequ5tly introduc$ an introductory p>agraph ( ! same nature 9 8 %ort fiction4 ,to our way ( ?9k+1 a !matic sub-title ( ?is k9d1 us$ be=e ! op5+ sc5e1 is f> less out ( place ?an ! ord9>y introductory titles m]ely hav+ to d ) ! *>act]s1 because x really does help prep>e ! spectator = ! k9d ( /ory he is ab\t to view4 ,!n1 aga91 x may be add$ t ! pres5t-day l5g? ( lead]s greatly modifies :at we say--z a s\nd guid+ pr9ciple--9 ,section #g ( ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,a great _m excell5t detective-/ory films h be5 produc$1 ei!r f orig9al synopses or z adaptations ( ! "w ( fiction writ]s4 ,9 ^!1 !re has be5 no hesitation on ! "p ( ! director & sub-title editor to use j z _m words 9 a lead] z might be necess>y to make e po9t ( ! /ory entirely cle> & int]e/+4 ,p>am\nt's ,! ,devil ,/one1 %[+ ! tra9 ( tragic ev5ts t foll[$ ! /eal+ by a wick$ ,norse que5 ( ! great em]ald belong+ to a c]ta9 ,breton prie/1 0 "o example ( an int5sely int]e/+ detective /ory 9 :i* sub-titles suppli$ mu* m ?an a ?ird ( ! /ory--& suppli$ x1 app>5tly1 q unobtrusively4 ,"h1 aga91 only common s5se & exp]i5ce c %[ y :at to d4 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( lead]s let u say once m t y mu/ seek to f9d ! gold5 middle gr\nd betwe5 ! lead] t is too fl[]y 9 its language & ! o!r t is too /ilt$ & prosaic4 ,aga91 9 connection ) ! l5g? ( lead]s1 /udy ! two foll[+ f ,univ]sal's feature1 ,! ,kais]1 ! ,bea/ ( ,b]l91 ! fir/ ( :i* conta9s only sev5 words1 :ile ! second conta9s fifty-five4 ,joy di$1 ,hope fl$4 ,desolation became supreme4 ,!n came ! ,ma/] crime4 ,an un(f5d+ p 0 gr\nd into ext9ction b5ea? an iron heel4 ,a nation 0 de/roy$4 ,! ,crime aga9/ ,belgium be+ complet$ to its fulle/1 ! ,prussian /alk$ onw>ds ) 8 tw9 comrades1 ,frightfulness & ,horror4 ,a new blot* ( infamy--! ,lusitania--0 add$ to ! ,black ,"n ( ! ,bea/4 ,notice1 also1 t z is be+ done ) _m feature pictures ( ?is or simil> type today1 ! produc]s h adh]$ ?r\gh\t to ! pa/ t5se 9 word+ _! sub-titles4 #f4 ,! ,use ( ,lett]s1 ,news ,items & ,simil> ,ins]ts ,! great ?+ 9 us+ ins]ts o!r ?an lead]s is to be able to tell :at w\ld be mo/ effective 9 scor+ a po9t ( ! plot at an important place 9 ! /ory4 ,y may />t to write 9 a lett] & !n sudd5ly get ! idea t ! same po9t might be bett] expla9$ if a newspap] p>agraph 7 us$4 ,b no matt] :at o!r k9d ( ins]t y employ1 x w d\btless seem to be m a "p ( ! action ?an w a pla9 lead]4 ,= ?is reason x is be/1 :5ev] possible1 to use a lett]1 telegram1 news item1 or "s simil> ins]t1 9 place ( a lead]4 ,a c>efully word$ lett] introduc$ at j ! "r "t w sometimes tell ! audi5ce z mu* conc]n+ ! complications ( ! plot z w\ld five or six sc5es4 ,lett]s %\ld be %ort & to ! po9t1 b !y %\ld also tell z mu* z possible ( :at c n be told 9 action4 ,bett] a s+le lett] ( ?irty-five words :i* tells ev]y?+ ?an two or ?ree notes ( a l9e or two ea* t only sugge/ :at ! writ] means4 ,"s ( ! s-call$ lett]s :i* are se5 on ! scre5 are simply ridicul\s on acc\nt ( _! v brevity4 ,if x is a m]e note t is da%$ (f & s5t to "o ( ! *>act]s1 or a note left :]e x w be f\nd by someone aft] ! writ] has gone away1 its brevity is all[able2 b :5 a lett] is writt5 by a man to an old fri5d ( 8--a fri5d :o1 he is told1 is liv+ 9 a di/ant city1 :5 = ye>s he has suppos$ him to be dead--& conta9s b sev5te5 words1 x is likely to make ! spectator d\bt ! /r5g? ( ! =m] fri5d%ip4 ,x is n always necess>y actually to write a long lett]2 b x is be/ 9 su* in/ances to sugge/ t a long lett] has be5 writt54 ,?is may be accompli%$ 9 two ways3 ,y may ei!r %[ a p>agraph 9 ! body ( ! lett]1 ) a l9e or two j be=e & j aft] x1 ?us3 ,on scre51 lett]4 & x 0 f him t ,i le>n$ ! tru?4 ,i'll leave = ,:eel+ on ! fir/ tra9 tomorr[1 & hope to clasp y\r h& aga9 be=e ,monday night4 ,hone/ly1 old man1 x seems too1 etc4 or y may write out ! end+ ( ! lett] 9 su* a way z to sugge/ t mu* m has be5 said 9 ! =ep>t ( ! message1 ?us3 ,on scre51 lett]1 fold$ d[n to %[ only ?is3 s ,i'll leave = ,:eel+ on ! fir/ tra9 tomorr[1 & hope to clasp y\r h& aga9 be=e ,monday night4 ,hone/ly1 old man1 x seems too good to be true4 ,i won't be able to believe t :at ,morgan told me is true until ,i see y ) my own eyes4 ,until !n1 believe me to be ,z ev]1 y\r s9c]e fri5d1 ,/eph5 ,lor+4 ,to illu/rate ! way a lett] w consume footage1 we reproduce "o = :i* fifte5 feet 7 all[$4 ,"l ,cornwallis3 ,am n[ )9 =ty miles ( ,*>lottesville4 ,?omas ,jeff]son & ! entire ,virg9ia ,assembly w be my prison]s today4 ,t>leton4 ,z we "k1 a lett] w sometimes be writt5 by a "* 9 "o sc5e1 b ! spectators w n le>n its exact cont5ts--?\gh !y may "k j ab\t :at he is writ+--until a sc5e or two lat]1 :5 ! lett] is deliv]$ to & read by ! "o to :om x is address$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we sometimes see an actor write a lett]1 imm$iately aft] :i*1 z he reads x ov]1 x is fla%$ on ! scre54 ,!n1 lat]1 we see x deliv]$1 b al?\gh ! "o receiv+ x is se5 to read x1 x is n fla%$ ^u ! scre5 aga91 because ! behold] has s rec5tly be5 %[n :at x conta9s4 ,b x sometimes happ5s t m ?an "o lett] ent]s into ! developm5t ( ! plot at a c]ta9 po9t1 & h5ce !re may be "s slight confusion caus$ by ! spectator's n kn[+ :i* ( two lett]s ! play] is suppos$ to be read+4 ,x is to avoid ?is confusion t directors g5]ally fla% a few feet ( ! lett] a second "t1 simply to id5tify x4 ,?us1 if ! lett] t ,tom wrote to ,nelly 9 ,sc5e #f is deliv]$ to h] toge!r ) "o f h] fri5d ,kate 9 ,sc5e #h1 y may write3 ,po/man h&s ,nelly two lett]s4 ,%e regi/]s delight ^u notic+ h&writ+ on "o envelope4 ,op5s x imm$iately & reads3 ,on scre54 ,fla% two or ?ree feet ( ,tom's lett]1 same z 9 #f4 ,back to sc5e4 ,few spectators w object to ! introduction ( lett]s1 telegrams1 newspap] items1 & ! l--provid$ !re are n too _m su* ins]ts--because ^! seem to fit into ! picture z a "p ( ! action1 & are n1 l lead]s1 pla9ly artificial int]polations by ! au?or4 ,x ne$ h>dly be po9t$ out1 h[ev]1 t lett]s & o!r writt5 messages mu/ n be introduc$ except = logical reasons4 ,m ?an "o case has be5 kn[n 9 :i* ! sc5>io submitt$ to an editor specifi$ t "o "* 0 to write & h& to ano!r a note :i* ! second "* 0 to read--! note1 ( c\rse1 0 to be %[n on ! scre5--:5 ! cont5ts 7 simply ! words :i*1 on ! regul> /age1 ! fir/ actor w\ld speak to ! o!r6 ,( c\rse1 no director w\ld all[ su* a ?+ to take place 9 8 picture4 ,9 a situation :]e ! /ory c\ld actually be advanc$ by %[+ ! behold] :at a c]ta9 play] 0 suppos$ to be say+ to ano!r1 x w\ld be only necess>y to introduce a cut-9 lead]1 z previ\sly describ$4 ,we h spok5 ( sub/itut+ a newspap] item = a lett]4 ,:]ev] ?is c be done1 x is well to d x2 ! newspap] item1 be+ pr9t$1 is at lea/ readable4 ,"o or two ( ! /udios use lett]s 9 :i* ! h&writ+ is s poor t be=e all ! spectators h read ! cont5ts ( ! lett] x has disappe>$ & ! sc5e has be5 resum$4 ,let u suppose t ,edi?--n kn[+ t h] fri5d ,eleanor has fall5 9 love ) ,jack ,temple1 :om !y met at a resort ! previ\s summ]--writes ,eleanor a lett] 9 :i* %e says3 ,on scre51 lett]4 & ,i'll s5d x 9 my next lett]4 ,by ! way1 ,i he>d a report t ,jack ,temple--! fell[ t y ?\ght 0 s ba%ful--0 s]i\sly injur$ 9 ! wreck ( ! ,buffalo ,express la/ week4 ,i ,back to sc5e4 ,! expression on ,eleanor's face1 z %e reads ?is1 w\ld be ! same z if %e _h pick$ up a newspap] & read3 at ! "t ( ! collision4 ,among ^? report$ injur$ are ,james ,t4 ,appley1 ,syracuse1 ,n4,y42 ,lloyd ,w4 ,/]n1 ,bo/on1 ,mass42 ,mrs4 ,geo4 ,p4 ,r[ley1 ,bangor1 ,me42 & ,john ,temple1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,conductor ,?omas ,hammond told a ,_w report] t z soon z ! report ,( c\rse1 at "s po9t 9 ! action previ\s to ! sc5e 9 :i* ,eleanor reads ?is report 9 ! newspap]1 y w h made ! spectators famili> ) ! h]o's "n by means ( a lead] or "s o!r ins]t4 ,:]e ! in=mation is brief1 says ,mr4 ,s>g5t1#bc aga91 x may be bett] display$ z a newspap] headl9e4 ,a two-column display head is bett] %ap$ = use on ! scre5 ?an ! deep] s+le-column head4 ,a deal ( in=mation may be convey$ 9 a headl9e & ! spectator seems to read ! item ov] ! "*'s %\ld] r ?an to h be5 int]rupt$ by a lead]4 ,footnote #bc3 ,epes ,w9?rop ,s>g5t1 ,te*nique ( ! ,photoplay4 ,mr4 ,william ,"l ,wright1 au?or ( ,! ,motion ,picture ,/ory1 has ?is to say on ! subject3 ,ne>ly all photoplays n[ conta9 a fla% ( newspap] headl9e4 ,x's a good way ( putt+ ov] ! in=mation ess5tial to ! plot1 b x is sugge/$ t ! headl9es be prop]ly writt54 ,p]haps ! au?or ( ! playlet 0 a novice 9 writ+ headl9es1 or maybe ! director 0 a "k-x-all4 ,if n a newspap] man & a headl9]1 we w\ld advise ! au?or :o wi%es to use headl9es 9 8 action to get "s newspap] man to write !m = him4 ,"s ( ! w\ld-be newspap] heads we h read on ! scre5 lately are n impressive or well writt54 ,headl9+ is a difficult art4 ,if y h occasion to use a w1 mortgage1 or o!r legal docum5t1 9 tell+ y\r /ory1 y w realize t ! prop]ty man 9 e /udio has ! blank =ms on h& = any?+ t y may introduce4 ,x is !re=e only necess>y to %[1 say1 ! back ( ! mortgage on ! scre51 ) ! names ( ! pr9cipals writt5 ^u x4 ,!n1 lat] 9 ! sc5e1 or 9 "s o!r sc5e1 y c %[ ! body ( ! mortgage4 ,b if y %[ ! body ( su* a docum5t 9 ,sc5e #aj1 aft] hav+ %[n ! outside 9 ,sc5e #d1 x w\ld be well to fla% ! outside1 or cov]1 aga9 9 #aj1 be=e display+ ! cont5ts--= ! purpose ( id5tify+ x1 z 9 ! case ( ! lett]4 ,9 pass+ we may m5tion ! lett] or o!r docum5t :i* is actually writt5 by ! actor :o is suppos$ to write x4 ,su* a piece ( writ+1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be1 & is1 n an ins]t1 b r a "p ( a close-up sc5e4 ,x might appe> 9 ! sc5>io ?us3 #bg--;,close-up ( upp] "p ( ,allison's body1 "r h& writ+ 9 p5cil on "o ( ,end]by's lett]heads4 ,he writes3 ,x took elev5 ye>s to get y1 ,end]by1 z ,i swore ,i w\ld1 "s day4 ,n[ t ,i've kept my oa?1 ,i'm ready to pay ! price1 & y w ,x is comp>atively seldom1 h[ev]1 t ?is k9d ( close-up is made use (--usually because ! actor or actress does n write a suffici5tly cle> h& = satisfactory scre5+4 ,m (t5 ! play] w be se5 />t+ to write ! note1 & !n ! close-up ( ano!r h&1 suppos$ly t ( ! play]1 w be %[n1 writ+ ! words design$ to be read by ! spectator4 ,9 ei!r case1 !y are close-ups1 b ! word+ mu/ be giv5 9 full1 j z if y 7 writ+ an ord9>y lett] or o!r ins]t to be %[n on ! scre5 aft] x has be5 writt54 ,b d n confuse :at we h j said ) ! fact t1 n[adays1 ne>ly e lett] t is scre5$ is %[n 9 :at is lit]ally a bu/ picture1 ! lett] or docum5t be+ held 9 ! h&s ( ! play] z he or %e reads x4 ,?is is m]ely an additional reali/ic t\* add$ 9 ! /udio2 ! writ] supplies 8 ins]t 9 ! regul> way4 ,! prop] use ( lead]s & o!r ins]ts is a "p ( ! te*nique ( photoplay writ+ t is be/ le>n$ by practise4 ,be sure to keep a c>bon copy ( y\r script4 ,!n1 if y\r /ory is accept$ & produc$1 :5 y are wat*+ x on ! scre5 note ! lead]s c>efully1 comp>+ !m ) ! ones y orig9ally wrote1 & pr(it by :at y see4 ,if ! produc] has se5 fit to make *anges ( any k9d1 !re is a reason1 & x is g5]ally safe to assume t x is a good "o4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,photoplay ,,/age ,,& ,,its ,,physical ,,limitations ,by ! photoplay /age we mean all t sweep ( view :i* is tak5 9 by ! range ( ! cam]a1 :e!r 9 ! /udios or out ( doors4 ,at fir/ ?is may appe> to be ( v wide area1 b ! sc5e-plot diagram 7see ,*apt] ,,xi7 w give a good idea ( space-limitations 9 /ag+ ! picture4 #a4 ,scope ( ! ,/age ,to beg9 )1 ! actors mu/ be con/antly on ! al]t to avoid gett+ out ( ! picture :ile ! sc5e is be+ tak54 ,suppose an actor is seat$ 9 a recl9+ *air t has be5 set :]e ! l9e ,a cuts x 9 half1 s to speak4 ,if he is lean+ =w>d1 he w be completely 9 ! picture4 ,b if he =gets himself & leans back x is likely t ! upp] "p ( 8 body w n appe> :5 ! film is develop$4 ,to avoid ?is1 ! ,v-%ap$ l9es %[n on ! sc5e-plot are actually m>k$ on ! floor1 9 "s /udios4 ,a piece ( /rong cord1 or sometimes wire1 is /ret*$ tightly f ,b to ,c & !nce to ,d4 ,)9 ?is ,v-%ap$ space ! complete set mu/ be made1 & )9 ^! limits ! entire sc5e is play$4 ,9 ! case ( a set requir+ m ?an ! ord9>y am\nt ( dep?1 a l>g] /age is obta9$ by sett+ ! back "p ( ! sc5e 7or set71 z %[n by ! dott$ l9e ,e1 & lay+ d[n a special pair ( ,v l9es to cross ! p]man5t ones on ! /udio floor4 ,:5 ! cam]a is plac$ at ! apex ( ?is l>g] ,v1 ! picture is1 naturally1 made _m feet deep]1 ) a correspond+ wid? ( backgr\nd z ! l9es div]ge4 #b4 ,numb] ( ,/ages ,us$ ,z a rule1 !re are at lea/ f\r ( ^! ,v-%ap$ /ages side by side on ! floor ( ! /udio 9 any ( ! big produc+ plants4 ,?us f\r entirely diff]5t sets may adjo9 ea* o!r2 &1 z 0 po9t$ out 9 a previ\s *apt]1 a director may f9i% ,sc5e #h 9 ,set ,i & move directly to ,set ,,ii1 :]e ! sc5e done may be #i1 or any lat] sc5e1 dep5d+ v (t5 ^u :e!r ! play]s w h to make a *ange ( co/ume or make-up4 ,a c>eful director w always try to avoid waits by hav+ 8 sc5es set up 9 ! ord] t w all[ him to proce$ ) z few delays z possible4 ,9 "s /udios1 ! fact t walls & ceil+ are ( glass p]mits ! tak+ ( mo/ sc5es1 on a bright day1 )\t ! aid ( artificial light4 ,9 ! majority ( /udios1 h[ev]1 all sc5es tak5 indoors are produc$ ) ! aid ( artificial light1 daylight be+ exclud$4 ,natural light+1 9 indoor /udios1 has be5 f\nd to be r unsatisfactory2 artificial light+1 ) con/ant exp]im5tation 9 an ef=t to produce bett] effects1 is :at is mo/ us$ today4 #c4 ,/age ,light+ ,! ,coop]-,hewitt sy/em ( int]ior light+ is probably ! mo/ us$ 9 ! v>i\s ,ea/]n & ,we/-coa/ /udios4 ,ev]yone--at any rate1 ev]yone liv+ 9 ! city--is famili> ) ! peculi> lights us$ 9 _m photograph]s' /udios4 ,^! ,coop]-,hewitt lights seem to be m]ely l>ge glass tubes t %$ a gha/ly blue-gre5 t+e ov] ev]y?+1 & "u :i* photograph]s may take pictures reg>dless ( ext]ior light-conditions4 ,9 addition to ! ,coop]-,hewitt lights1 9 a /udio equipp$ ) t sy/em1 !re are1 ( c\rse1 v>i\s o!r k9ds ( special lights us$ 9 obta9+ c]ta9 unusual effects4 ,9 o!r /udios1 a brilliant :ite light is us$1 r[s ( ov]head lights be+ supplem5t$ by ti]s1 or banks1 ( side-lights1 s t !re is no %ad[ on any "p ( ! set unless x is ! specific purpose ( ! director to h a %ad[ 9 a c]ta9 place4 ,"o ( ! big produc+ plants has two /udios--"o 9 :i* bo? daylight & artificial light are us$1 & ano!r1 at ! top ( ! build+1 ) glass walls1 & a ceil+ :i* con/itutes ! ro( ( ! build+1 :]e e sc5e is tak5 ) natural light4 ,on a bright day ! latt] /udio is us$2 if !re is no sunlight at all1 ! d[n/airs /udio is kept busy4 ,on ! imm5se floor ( ! daylight /udio1 z _m z eight diff]5t ord9>y sets may be erect$ side by side at "o "t4 ,dur+ ! pa/ five or six ye>s1 & especially s9ce ! ,pacific ,coa/ has become a great photoplay-produc+ c5tre1 m & m int]ior sc5es are made on outdoor /ages4 ,?is me?od ( tak+ ! sc5es 9 a picture has n[ be5 r$uc$ to a f9e art4 ,! outdoor /ages1 n ne$+ ! artificial light+ sy/ems1 h _! v>i\s ov]head & side scre5s1 s t sc5es may be photograph$ reg>dless ( ! natural light-conditions4 ,frequ5tly ! director w put up a special outdoor /age ov]look+ ! sea1 or a beautiful g>d5 or l&scape1 on :i* to build a c]ta9 int]ior sett+ plann$ to h t outlook4 ,inde$1 today1 ! artificial backgr\nd = any int]ior hav+ w9d[s or op5 doors is unusual4 ,9 ,jacksonville1 ,florida1 & o!r s\!rn cities1 z well z 9 ,cali=nia1 ! outdoor /age is ! mo/ us$4 ,! outdoor /age is especially useful 9 tak+1 let u say1 a sc5e %[+ ! int]ior ( a h\se suppos$ly dur+ a heavy /orm1 ) ! ra9 beat+ aga9/ ! w9d[s & be+ da%$ 9 at ! door :5 x is op5$4 ,on ! ext]ior /age1 su* a sc5e c be tak5 at almo/ any h\r ( ! day1 & ) ! scre5s to dim & diffuse ! rays ( ! sun1 & ! skillful use ( an ord9>y hose 9 ! h&s ( ! prop]ty-man or assi/ant director1 a v reali/ic /orm sc5e c be secur$4 ,_m extremely reali/ic ra9/orm effects c also be arrang$ = ext]ior sc5es1 & z = lightn+--%eet1 =k$1 or any o!r v>iety--x is "o ( ! easie/ ?+s to get imag9able4 ,! m]e scrat*+ ( ! negative film ) a p91 ?r\gh\t ! numb] ( frames cov]+ ! fla% ( ! lightn+1 ! scrat*+1 ( c\rse1 be+ 9 ! %ape ! lightn+ is to take1 makes x possible to h ?rill+ly natural /abs ( =k & *a9 lightn+ j :]e x is ne$$ 9 any sc5e4 ,y ne$ nev] hesitate to call = a lightn+ /orm if y\r /ory w>rants "o at a c]ta9 po9t4 ,a practical po9t 9 favor ( ! outdoor /ages is t !re is a trem5d\s sav+ 9 ! company's bill = light+4 ,besides ! co/1 ! outdoor int]iors are z satisfactory 9 e way z ^? made b5ea? ! artificial lights4 ,x is unnecess>y to po9t out to anyone :o has visit$ ! picture !atres t outdoor sc5es tak5 at night are n[ z common z ext]iors photograph$ at mid-day4 ,ev]y?+ f camp-fire effects to night battle-sc5es has be5 accompli%$ ) wond]ful results4 ,int]ior effects ( firelight1 moonlight1 c&le-light1 etc1 are easily procur$1 & are usually mo/ conv9c+ & sometimes exce$+ly beautiful1 :5 tak5 9 conjunction ) ! sett+4 #d4 ,rehe>sals ( ,sc5es ,diff]5t /udios h diff]5t rules = prev5t+ s mu* z ! possibility ( !re be+ "s fault ) ! photography :5 a c]ta9 sc5e is done4 ,9 "s /udios ! rule is to take e sc5e at lea/ twice1 or ev5 ?ree times4 ,:5 ! films are develop$1 ! "o :i* is n only cle>e/ & %>pe/ photographically1 b :i* %[s--ev5 ?\gh by ev] s small a diff]5ce--! be/ action on ! "p ( ! play]s1 is kept1 & f ?is ! positives are pr9t$4 ,9 o!r /udios1 ea* sc5e is tak5 only once at fir/2 & if ! film proves to be faulty ! sc5e mu/ be retak51 ev5 ?\gh a day or s lat]4 ,9 e /udio1 ( c\rse1 ea* sc5e is rehe>s$ be=e be+ done4 ,sometimes runn+ ov] ! sc5e once or twice is suffici5t1 :ile o!r big sc5es may be rehe>s$ fifte5 or tw5ty times4 ,n only to obta9 ! be/ effects 9 action & gr\p+ is a sc5e rehe>s$ _m times1 b repeat$ go+s ov] are (t5 necess>y 9 ord] to *ange ! action slightly1 or to cut x d[n s t x w run only a c]ta9 numb] ( seconds1 ea* sixty seconds repres5t+1 approximately1 z _m feet ( film4 #e4 ,respect = ,/age ,limitations ,at all times y mu/ keep 9 m9d ! limitations ( ! photoplay /age4 ,if y h ! picture eye1 z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,x1 y w be able to see j :at y c1 & c n1 write into a picture s t x w regi/]4 ,if x does n regi/]1 x might bett] n h be5 writt54 ,z ,mr4 ,s>g5t once said1 ,pretty ne>ly ev]y?+ is possible to ! cam]a1 b n all ?+s are practicable4 ,9 ! same article1 he gave a practical illu/ration ( cam]a limitation t %\ld guide photoplay au?ors 9 det]m9+ :at n to write3 ,suppose y've writt5 a *ase sc5e4 ,a b& ( horsem5 da% ?r\gh ! picture4 ,! h]o is w\nd$ & falls f 8 horse1 roll+ to ! side ( ! road4 ,! pursu]s ?und] pa/ & !n ! h]o9e comes 9 & rescues ! h]o4 ,?is is photographically possible1 b n practical4 ,! du/ & ! smoke w create a haze t w dim ! end ( ! sc5e4 ,x c be done by lett+ ! h]o lie :ile ! du/ settles1 ! cam]a be+ /opp$ mean:ile1 b unless ! sc5e is /rong en\gh to repay ?is tr\ble ! script w be pass$ ov] 9 favor ( "o t c be made )\t s mu* fuss4 ,almo/ e day1 directors & cam]am5--especially cam]am5--risk life & limb 9 an ef=t to secure "s novel sc5ic effect z a backgr\nd = _! pictures4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t :at ! director may *oose to d :5 x comes actually to tak+ ! sc5e has no?+ to d ) ! sc5e z y write x--s f> z ! actual backgr\nd is conc]n$4 ,d n dem& t ! /ruggle betwe5 ! %]iff & ! lead] ( ! cattle ru/l]s mu/ take place ^u j su* & su* a k9d ( precipice4 ,y may be c]ta9 t if ! situation is a /rong "o ! produc] w sp>e nei!r "t nor pa9s to secure ! mo/ p]fect sett+ x is possible = him to obta94 ,! mov+ picture cam]a1 x is well to rememb]1 is ( no light weight :5 set up on its massive tripod4 ,! cam]aman _c place x 9 position to take all ! pictures t y might be able to take ) a snap-%ot cam]a held betwe5 ! h&s4 ,! body ( ! cam]a1 )\t ! tripod1 may be plac$ ^u ! ov]head beams 9 a /udio 9 ord] to get "s novel sc5ic effect bel[2 or a special plat=m may be built = cam]a & op]ator :5 ! director is det]m9$ to get a sc5e on ! side ( a cliff1 :]e no neighbor+ cliff or rocky plat=m 0 furni%$ by nature2 b :5 ! director goes to su* pa9s z ^! to obta9 an effect !re is a reason1 & g5]ally ! reason is an unusually /rong /ory t ju/ifies special ef=t on ! "p ( all conc]n$ 9 its production4 ,mr4 ,william ,e4 ,fildew1 "o ( ! =emo/ scre5 cam]am51 long associat$ ) director ,william ,*ri/y ,cabanne1 says 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w3 ,z to :at con/itutes ! greate/ difficulty 9 ! mak+ ( motion pictures1 ,i %\ld reply ! insecurity ( ! tripod 9 ! mak+ ( outdoor sc5es4 ,ext]iors require ! greate/ am\nt ( att5tion f ! cam]aman because ( ! v>y+ light & %ade & ! mobility ( ! cam]a itself & its liability to accid5t4 ,! location *os5 by ! exp]t may be all t is desir$1 & !re may be a :ole lot ( tra9$ p]=m]s1 b y c't get a tra9$ cam]a4 ,! tripod mu/ be nurs$ l a contr>y *ild4 ,x mu/ be firmly set4 ,mr4 ,fildew speaks ( ! difficulty he _h1 on "o occasion1 :5 he 0 oblig$ to foll[ ! progress ( an express tra9 :ile op]at+ 8 cam]a f an a]oplane1 !y be+ con/antly buffet$ by pockets ( w9d1 :ile fly+ = _m miles at a l[ altitude 9 ord] to keep )9 ! desir$ focus4 ,he cites ano!r case1 :5 he 0 photograph+ ! sea sc5es = ! ,f9e ,arts picture1 ,daphne & ! ,pirates1 ! wat]s outside ,san ,francisco ,bay be+ *os5 = ! locale4 ,a pirate %ip crew 0 to bo>d a m]*ant %ip1 & a big battle to foll[ on ! latt]'s deck4 ,a heavy /orm came up j z ! two %ips came toge!r1 & ,mr4 ,fildew1 #abj feet up 9 ! air1 hold+ to a ma/ t sway$ l a p5dulum1 0 compell$ to g ?r\gh ) :at 0 a mo/ difficult & dang]\s piece ( "w1 :i*1 h[ev]1 result$ 9 "s exceptionally f9e sc5es4 ,9 ^! in/ances1 ( c\rse1 x 0 a matt] ( ! director's plann+ almo/ ev]y?+ j z he want$ to take x2 ! po9t we insi/ ^u is t x is bett] to write c]ta9 difficult sc5es m 9 ! =m ( a sugge/ion ?an z if x 7 absolutely necess>y to take !m j z y h visualiz$ !m4 ,n a few successful writ]s try to ?9k ( two diff]5t ways 9 :i* an important "p ( ! /ory may be put ov]4 ,?us1 j z an (f-h& example1 y might sugge/ t ! runn+ fight betwe5 ! bank robb]s & ! police may take place 9 a c\ple ( automobiles or 9 an auto & a locomotive4 ,re/ assur$ t ! director w provide ! locomotive in/ead ( ! second automobile if he c procure "o4 ,wat* ! pictures on ! scre5 & y w see :at effects are produc$2 & x foll[s t if a ?+ c be done once x c be done aga94 ,b w x be wor? :ile 9 ! case ( y\r /ory8 ,?is is a po9t t y mu/ det]m9e be=e v5tur+ to specify t p>ticul> effect4 ,d n be c>ri$ away by ! fact t x is y\r "w4 ,weigh ! importance ( t sc5e & comp>e x ) ! dramatic value ( ! sc5es :i* prec$e & foll[ x2 if ! sc5e ) ! unusual & difficult effect is ! big sc5e ( an unusually big & int]e/+ /ory1 write x 94 ,! *ances are t ! director w be only too glad to /age x accord+ to y\r orig9al idea4 ,b d n ask him to wa/e 8 "t or ! company's money 9 produc+ a sc5e ! exp5se & bo!r ( obta9+ :i* is out ( all proportion to ! importance ( ! re/ ( ! picture4 ,& d n =get t ! cam]a1 wond]ful z x is1 _c & does n d ev]y?+ t x seems to d4 ,9 o!r words1 d n mi/ake an effect produc$ by trick photography = "o t is m]ely ! result ( exceptional c>e & "w on ! "p ( bo? cam]aman & director4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,h[ ,,to ,,ga!r ,,ideas ,,= ,,plots #a4 ,wat*+ ! ,pictures ,unless y are already a successful fiction writ] :5 y fir/ det]m9e to write photoplays x is n go+ too f> to ass]t t y h nev] yet really wat*$ a motion picture4 ,y h witness$ _m1 b only ! playwright & ! !atrical man may be said to wat* plays1 :e!r on ! /age or on ! scre51 ) e faculty al]t & receptive1 ready to p\nce on any sugge/ion1 any bit ( /age bus9ess1 any sc5ic effect1 or any situation1 t !y may legitimately copy or enl>ge ^u = _! respective uses4 ,?is ke5 attitude is p>tly a matt] ( inborn dramatic in/9ct1 b x is ev5 m a matt] ( tra9+ & habit--!re=e cultivate x4 ,n only does ! pr(essional photoplaywright rema9 wide awake :5 wat*+ real photoplays1 b he (t5 f9ds z mu* plot-sugge/ion 9 o!r classes ( films z !re is 9 ! /ory-pictures1 = plot-g]ms fairly ab\nd 9 sc5ics1 vocationals1 microc9ematographics1 educationals1 & topicals1 z ^! sev]al sorts are call$ by ! craft4 ,a c]ta9 successful writ] has sold no less ?an ?irty photoplays1 all ! plots ( :i* sprang f sc5ics & educationals4 ,"o1 = example1 0 built ^u an idea pick$ up 9 wat*+ a film pictur+ ! mak+ ( tapioca 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,at ! out/>t y mu/ admit to y\rself t to see e release ( e company is impossible1 & ev5 if x 7 possible x w\ld be unnecess>y4 ,9 ! big cities1 = example1 x is (t5 difficult to locate a !atre t is exhibit+ ! p>ticul> picture y are anxi\s to see1 ei!r on ! date ( its release or lat]4 ,no?+ is m common 9 a mov+ picture /udio ?an to he> "o actor say to ano!r3 ,tonight su* & su* a !atre is %[+ su* & su* a picture "o 9 :i* !y h work$2 let's g ov] to see x4 ,& if ! actor is anxi\s to /udy act+ ?r\gh wat*+ ! "w ( himself & o!rs on ! scre51 h[ mu* m %\ld ! writ] be will+ & anxi\s to /udy ! te*nique ( ! photoplay by pay+ frequ5t visits to ! picture !atres8 ,try1 !n1 to see z _m photoplays z y\r "t & means w p]mit1 = purposes ( /udy4 ,nor d we recomm5d see+ only pictures t ! critics h prais$1 = x is possible1 at times1 to le>n z mu* f a poor picture z f a good "o4 ,y mu/ tea* y\rself1 z y wat* ! scre51 :at to leave out1 z well z :at to put 92 we may le>n mu* f ! mi/akes ( o!rs4 ,"o po9t especially wor?y ( notice is t :5 y see a good picture on ! scre5 x may be "o writt5 by a successful photoplaywright1 & z su* likely to repay close /udy to see h[ ! successful con/ruct _! /ories4 ,or x may be a picture writt5 9 ! produc+ /udio f ! b>e idea pur*as$ f an outsid]4 ,9 ei!r case1 look out = & c>efully /udy ! pictur$ /ories produc$ by writ]s :o are putt+ !m ov]4 ,if y are tak+ up photoplay writ+ z a pr(ession1 or ev5 z an avocation1 !re is only "o way to und]take x--be fully equipp$ to succe$4 ,x is n en\gh1 z we said 9 an e>ly *apt]1 to h _h previ\s tra9+ z a fiction writ]2 nor en\gh to h acquir$ a k ( photoplay =m & con/ruction4 ,y mu/ be up to ! m9ute 9 y\r k ( ! m>ket = scripts4 ,!re=e be 9 t\* ) :at writ]s1 editors1 & produc]s are do+4 ,d ev]y?+ 9 y\r p[] to avoid writ+ /ories simil> to o!rs t h be5 done )9 ! pa/ ye> or two1 at lea/4 ,x is n m]ely a "q ( plagi>ism1 important z t is--x is a matt] ( help+ y\rself to sell y\r script by n (f]+ old ideas to ! editors4 ,fully "o-half ( ! good /ories t g back to ! au?ors are return$ because ! companies h already done a simil> picture & d n wi% to h exhibitors & _! patrons decl>e t ,! ,cosmopolitan ,company mu/ be writ+ ov] _! old pictures because !y c't get new /uff4 #b4 ,:at to ,look = 9 a ,picture ,besides avoid+ ! simil> use ( ideas t h be5 utiliz$ by o!rs1 x is mo/ important 9 wat*+ a picture to be able to see :at ! "o :o wrote x did n see--to be able to pick up an idea t he might h employ$ 9 work+ out 8 /ory1 & f x get ! inspiration & plot-f\ndation = a photoplay ( y\r own4 ,9 addition to /udy+ ! action to see h[ c]ta9 effects are produc$1 c\nt ! numb] ( sc5es & ! numb] ( lead]s us$ 9 ! diff]5t makes ( pictures4 ,x w s]ve z a guide to :at ! diff]5t mak]s want4 ,9 case y d n c>e to sit ?r\gh a second %[+ ( ! film1 or d n want to risk miss+ "p ( ! picture by c\nt+ ! sc5es & lead]s1 make a practice ( c>ry+ a few small c>ds1 ) a l9e drawn d[n ! middle ( ea*4 ,z ! c>d is held 9 ! h&1 m>k ) a p5cil a %ort /roke on "o side = e *ange ( sc5e1 & on ! o!r side a /roke = ea* lead]1 lett]1 or o!r ins]t--?is w s]ve z a conv5i5t record-device4 #c4 ,! ,note-,book ,habit ,to h ! plot-in/9ct is a great bless+ = ! writ]4 ,lack+ ?is1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ valuable asset he c possess is ! note-book habit4 ,c>ry "o ) y con/antly4 ,jot d[n ev]y?+ t may be ( help 9 fram+ & develop+ a plot1 z well z 9 creat+ a dramatic sc5e = a /ory4 ,rememb] t plots are n ly+ ar\nd fully develop$1 await+ only "s obs]vant eye to discov] !m1 b !y almo/ always gr[ out ( s+le ideas--plot-g]ms--:i* "o may recognize z incid5ts & situations 9 ev]yday life or 9 unusual circum/ances4 ,d n wait = ! fully develop$ plot to come to y1 = ! *ances are t x w n4 ,jot d[n ! s+le idea & 9 "t x may g]m9ate & become a fully develop$ plot--ev5 ?\gh y may h to use hot-h\se me?ods & =ce its gr[?4 ,illu/ration3 ,william ,s4 ,h>t1 ,lean+ on ! ,cam]a1 ) "p ( ,8 ,support+ ,company & ! ,cam]aman & ,8 ,assi/ant 9 a ,sc5e f ,! ,poppy ,girl's ,husb&1 an ,artcraft ,picture ,illu/ration3 ,h>ry ,beaumont ,direct+ ,fight ,sc5e ,betwe5 ,tom ,moore1 ,goldwyn ,/>1 & ! ,villa91 9 ,a ,man & ,8 ,money ,x seems incr$ible t any writ]1 kn[+1 z he mu/1 t ! idea1 ! plot-g]m1 is :at really makes ! /ory1 %\ld neglect to note x d[n ! mom5t x comes to him2 & yet !re are ^? :o simply tru/ memory to reta9 an impression4 ,9 ! photoplay especially ! idea's ! ?+ = "h y _c dep5d on description or on good writ+ to sell y\r /ory4 ,! rule ( jott+ d[n y\r ?\ght on ! in/ant does n apply m]ely to ideas t come z inspirations1 or ?\ghts sugge/$ by :at y read or see1 b x applies especially to ! ideas t come to y at ! "t y give y\rself up to conc5trat$ ?9k+ 9 play-production4 ,a c]ta9 writ] on ! photoplay--we d n recall :o--once wrote a p>agraph head$ ,:5 d y d y\r ?9k+8 ,?is critic f\nd t he c\ld ?9k be/ :5 rid+1 say on a /reet c>4 ,o!rs h discov]$ t ideas come to !m mo/ freely :5 !y are sitt+ 9 a !atre4 ,"o writ] has le>n$ t 8 be/ plot-ideas come to him aft] he lies d[n = ! night4 ,= ?is reason1 a tab\ret ) pad & p5cil always /&s at 8 b$side1 & a special self-in/all$ swit* = ! electric light is )9 rea* ( 8 h&4 ,n[1 ) 8 note-book always ) him :5 he is away f home1 ) note-books & c>d-indexes close at h& :5 he is at home1 & ) ! means ( in/antly putt+ 8 ?\ghts on pap] if !y come to him aft] he has gone to b$1 he kn[s t he is 9 a position to take advantage ( e /ray idea t may conta9 a plot g]m1 or t may aid him 9 develop+ a /ory already 9 c\rse ( con/ruction4 ,if ! beg9n] w\ld only und]/& ! importance ( sy/ematic note-mak+1 he w\ld soon r$uce by "o-half ! labor ( une>?+ plots = 8 /ories4 #d4 ,! ,borr[$ ,plot ,all is gri/ t comes to ! mill ( ! writ] :o keeps a note-book4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ t he reads1 sees1 or he>s1 (f]s "s plot-sugge/ion1 or sugge/s a bett] way ( work+ out ! plot he has already p>tly develop$4 ,b1 9 tak+ plot-ideas f ! daily pap]s & writ+ /ories sugge/$ by ! anecdotes & ! conv]sation ( fri5ds1 proce$ ) great c>e1 le/ y make tr\ble = y\rself or = o!rs4 ,9 a lat] *apt] we %[ h[ _m cases ( alleg$ plagi>ism are simply ! results ( two p tak+ ! same idea f ! same newspap] p>agraph4 ,! po9t "h made is t if y take an idea f a newspap] item !re are ?ree c\rses op5 to y--"o safe c\rse1 & two n safe4 ,! unsafe ways are1 to recopy ! /ory bodily1 us+ 9 y\r /ory all ! facts set =? 9 ! news item2 or else to *ange x only en\gh to insure its be+ ! same1 yet n ! same4 ,if y adopt ei!r ( ^! two fooli% & dang]\s me?ods1 y are extremely likely to f9d t y h ei!r be5 =e/all$ by someone :o wrote a /ory on ! subject be=e y did1 or t y\r /ory1 foll[+ closely ! orig9al facts1 has giv5 (f5se to someone :o 0 conc]n$ 9 ! actual case4 ,if y live 9 a small community1 ! risk ( ?us (f5d+ is1 ( c\rse1 correspond+ly great]4 ,! "o safe way is to use ! plot-g]m1 & only ! plot-g]m1 tak5 f ! item 9 ! pap]4 ,if y c take ! c5tral idea & remodel x s t ! v report] :o wrote ! orig9al item w\ld n recognize x1 y may legitimately claim to h produc$ an orig9al /ory4 ,t is1 moreov]1 :at y %\ld d1 leav+ aside all que/ions ( y\r script's be+ accept$1 & ! possibility ( its be+ refus$ because ( its simil>ity to "o previ\sly pur*as$ f "s o!r writ]4 ,! ma9 incid5ts ( a prom95t c\rt trial may supply y ) an idea = a /rong1 orig9al /ory1 b y %\ld n ?9k ( foll[+ ! facts ( ! case j z !y occurr$ 9 real life4 ,to copy a /ory f a newspap] item & to get a /ory f ! same s\rce are two entirely diff]5t ?+s4 ,press clipp+s1 z an au?or once rem>k$1 are n fir/ aid to ! feeble m9d$4 ,!y are m]ely sign-po/s t po9t ! way to ! initiat$4 ,& ano!r has said3 ,x is ! art ( see+ & appreciat+ j a l9e or two 9 "s newspap] item & work+ x up t makes newspap] /udy pay4 ,! really practis$ writ] realizes t ! be/ plot-sugge/ions are to be f\nd 9 ! %ort] news items--! five-to-t5-l9e fill]s--& n 9 ! big s5sations ( ! day4 ,b !n1 ! practis$ writ] c f9d ideas any:]e4 ,"o ?+ ( :i* ! beg9n] %\ld bew>e is ! practise ( writ+ /ories f plots sugge/$ by fri5ds4 ,z a rule1 ! "y writ]1 n yet hav+ le>n$ to ?9k = himself1 is quick to accept ^! fri5dly sugge/ions4 ,he is told ! outl9e ( an unusually good /ory & /raightway turns x into a photoplay4 ,x is accept$1 b a %ort :ile aft] x has be5 releas$ someone recognizes 9 x a %ort-/ory t has appe>$ 9 a popul> magaz9e4 ,x is n difficult to imag9e ! result--be=e v long ! film manufactur+ company is compell$1 :e!r by a s5se ( ju/ice or by law1 to make settlem5t ) ! magaz9e company hold+ ! copyright on ! orig9al /ory1 & ! beg9n] f9ds t he is decid$ly p]sona non grata ) at lea/ "o manufactur]4 ,%\ld ! matt] become g5]ally kn[n1 he is likely to f9d himself b>r$ by o!r companies also1 z e editor has an inborn dread ( ! plagi>i/1 ev5 ?\gh he may h be5 innoc5t ( any ?\ght ( wrong do+4 #e4 ,keep+ ,well ,in=m$ ,! be/ means ( avoid+ unconsci\s plagi>ism & ! use ( old mat]ial is to keep in=m$ z fully z y possibly c ( :at is releas$ week by week4 ,y _c be too well po/$ on :at is go+ on 9 ! photoplay bus9ess-_w4 ,y\r sell+-av]age w be high] z a result4 ,! editor kn[s :at is old & :at is new1 & s mu/ y1 ?\gh d\btless n s p]fectly4 ,e editor's (fice is /ock$ ) books1 ref]5ce works1 magaz9es1 trade publications1 & files ( newspap] clipp+s4 ,^! all conta9 some?+ ( practical value 9 work+ up ! b>e ideas b\ght f contributors or 9 writ+ 8 own /ory--= editors z well z produc]s (t5 write photoplays4 ,y c h>dly g too f> 9 mak+ a /udy ( ! v>i\s motion-picture trade j\rnals1 because1 q ap>t f ! mat]ial furni%$ by ! diff]5t /udio publicity dep>tm5ts--:i* mat]ial1 = a c]ta9 week1 may be practically ! same 9 all ! publicity m$iums--ea* p]iodical may be dep5d$ ^u to h at frequ5t int]vals if n 9 e issue "s good special article t w ei!r help to in/ruct ! writ] or furni% a tip z to ! imm$iate ne$s ( a c]ta9 company4 ,:ile we make special m5tion ( ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w because ( ! fact t x has _h ,mr4 ,s>g5t's dep>tm5t z a regul> feature = ov] eight ye>s1 we also recomm5d ! /ud5t to keep regul>ly 9 t\* ) :at is publi%$ 9 ! ,motion ,picture ,news 7,new ,york71 ! ,new ,york ,dramatic ,mirror1 ,motography 7,*icago71 &--= ! sake ( _! critical reviews--any o!r trade p]iodicals he may be able to procure4 ,ap>t f ! trade j\rnals1 y c always be sure ( f9d+ well-writt5 special articles or regul> dep>tm5ts ( int]e/ to photoplaywrights 9 su* mon?ly & semi-mon?ly magaz9es z ,photoplay 7,*icago71 ,motion ,picture ,magaz9e & ,motion ,picture ,classic 7,brooklyn1 ,n4,y471 ,picture-play ,magaz9e 7,new ,york71 & ,mov+ ,picture ,/ories 7,new ,york74 ,_m popul> magaz9es also pr9t excell5t photoplay mat]ial frequ5tly & su* craft-p]iodicals z ,! ,writ]'s ,mon?ly 7,spr+field1 ,mass47 are always especially helpful to au?ors4 ,all su* tools ( ! writ]'s trade y %\ld get z regul>ly z y c--& use !m4 ,s long z y get y\r plot-ideas hone/ly1 :]e y get !m is altoge!r y\r own matt]4 ,b get !m y mu/1 =1 z ,a4 ,van ,bur5 ,p[ell has said3 ,ev]yone w grant t 9 photoplay writ+ ',! ,idea's ! ?+4' ,! script ( ! beg9n]1 c>ry+ a br&-new idea1 w f9d acceptance :]e ! mo/ te*nical te*nique 9 ! _w1 disguis+ a revamp$ /ory1 w fail to coax ! coy *eck f its lair4 ,s1 let y\r ideas be orig9al4 ,get y\r inspiration1 y\r plot-g]m1 f any s\rce1 b be sure t1 be=e y claim ! /ory = y\r own1 y h s *ang$ & recon/ruct$ ! orig9al t x is absolutely y\rs4 ,"h is a p>agraph by ,mr4 ,eug5e ,v4 ,brew/]1 9 ,motion ,picture ,magaz9e1 ( :i* he is editor3 ,x is extremely difficult to ?9k out a plot t has n be5 done be=e4 ,y may n h se5 x be=e1 y may h inv5t$ ! :ole ?+ out ( y\r bra91 b ! probabilities are t ! manufactur]s h done ! same ?+1 ) slight v>iations1 "t & "t aga91 & t ! same idea has be5 submitt$ to !m doz5s ( times4 ,y may ?9k y h work$ out some?+ entirely new1 b y %\ld rememb] t ! regul> writ]s employ$ by ! manufactur]s h be5 read+ & ?9k+ = ye>s 9 an ef=t to devise some?+ new1 & t !y h be5 tra9$ to d ?is v ?+4 ,true1 x is difficult to ?9k out a plot t has n be5 done be=e2 b ?is v fact1 in/ead ( disc\rag+ ! writ]1 %\ld (f] him ! great] inc5tive to discov] orig9al ideas = 8 /ories4 ,t ! manufactur]s are once 9 a :ile =c$ to make ov] _! old plays %\ld conv9ce ! photoplaywright t !y are m ?an will+ to buy new ones if !y are ! k9d !y are look+ =1 & t he %\ld /udy ! m>ket to see :at ! manufactur]s want1 & !n write ! k9d !y are look+ =4 ,la/ly1 we w\ld say mo/ emphatically t ! /aff-writ]s employ$ by ! diff]5t companies h absolutely no advantage ov] ! tra9$ & intellig5t free-lance au?or 9 ! production ( orig9al plays4 ,x is j z h>d to ?9k up orig9al plots if "o is on ! sal>y li/ ( "o ( ! manufactur]s z x is = y :o d y\r "w at home & turn out only "o script a mon?4 ,! important fact is1 t ! /aff-writ] w\ld nev] h be5 (f]$ ! position he holds _h n ! editor recogniz$ 8 ability to keep up a fairly /eady output ( plays ) plots & te*nical po9ts ( m ?an av]age m]it4 ,he 0 an orig9al writ] be=e he became a memb] ( ! /aff1 n because he is 9 ! employ ( ! produc]4 ,! field is wide & gr[+1 b n[h]e is !re room = untra9$1 incompet5t1 hit-or-miss dabbl]s4 ,! man :o is 9 e>ne/1 :o keeps 9 t\* ) :at is go+ on 9 ! trade1 :o wat*es ! pictures to ga9 ideas & inspiration1 :o /udies ! life ab\t him to f9d plot-sugge/ions & motives1 & :o1 once />t$1 keeps at x--work+1 work+1 work+--_c fail to f9d t 8 rew>d w ju/ify ! ef=t4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,:at ,,y ,,_c ,,write ,! caption ( ?is *apt] mu/ be tak5 z a s]i\s w>n+ t !re are c]ta9 ?+s :i* y _c write into a script unless y wi% to insure its rejection4 ,^! specific w>n+s are bas$ on ! exp]i5ces ( amateurs :o h _h _! scripts return$ ) ! brief & unsatisfactory /atem5t t !y 7 n available = pres5t use1 or t ! co/ ( production is too great4 #a4 ,ask+ ! ,impossible or ! ,impracticable ,x is a con/ant s\rce ( m+l$ amusem5t & dismay to editors to read "s ( ! impossible or impracticable ?+s t amateur photoplaywrights wi% to h done 9 ! c\rse ( ! action ( _! /ories4 ,?ree ?+s are responsible = ?is common fault 9 photoplay plott+3 ! writ]'s v limit$ k ( ! limitations ( ! photoplay /age2 an int5se desire to be orig9al2 & ! fact t1 hav+ se5 9 ! pictures !mselves s _m evid5ces t ! manufactur]s d n let ! "q ( exp5se /& 9 ! way ( atta9+ spectacul> & reali/ic effects1 !y g bl9dly ahead & introduce sc5es to take :i* w\ld s enorm\sly run up ! co/ ( produc+ ! picture t ! exp5se involv$ w\ld be out ( all proportion to ! value ( ! sc5e z a "p ( ! /ory4 ,bett] to illu/rate ^! po9ts1 we reproduce a p>agraph f an article by ,mr4 ,r4,r4 ,nehls1 manag] ( ! ,am]ican ,film ,manufactur+ ,company3 ,ord9>y judgm5t %\ld tell a writ] ab\t :at is possible 9 ! way ( /age equipm5t to c>ry out a plot4 ,we c provide almo/ any?+ 9 reason1 su* z wireless in/rum5ts1 automobiles1 h\ses ( e description1 cattle1 etc41 b we _c wreck pass5g] tra9s1 dam up riv]s1 & burn up mansions m]ely to produce a s+le picture4 ,!re is no rule to guide y 9 ^! matt]s save y\r own common s5se4 ,n[1 ! =ego+ p>agraph 0 writt5 by ,mr4 ,nehls "s six ye>s ago4 ,we include 8 op9ion 9 ?is volume1 h[ev]1 because x is absolutely necess>y to consid] exp5se :5 plann+ a /ory = ! scre54 ,on ! o!r h&1 x mu/ be said = ! b5efit ( ! new & tal5t$ writ] :o really has or c evolve big situations = 8 /ories t nev] 9 ! hi/ory ( ! motion picture h manufactur]s be5 s ready to d ! big ?+ 9 a big way z !y are n[4 ,t is to say--& ?is :ole /atem5t %\ld h y\r mo/ c>eful consid]ation--! only ?+ t a manufactur] consid]s today is ! "q ( :e!r or n a c]ta9 effect1 sc5ic1 me*anical1 or :atev] x may be1 is wor? ! money :i* w\ld h to be sp5t to obta9 x4 ,x w\ld be folly to say t tra9 wrecks1 burn+ h\ses1 de/roy$ bridges1 & ! l1 are impossible 9 a film /ory1 aft] e patron ( ! picture h\ses has se5 on ! scre5 ev]y?+ f ! wreck+ by e>?quake ( a :ole village to ! burn+ ( a huge sail+ vessel--h se51 9 v fact1 almo/ ev]y?+ t x is possible to see on ! e>?1 above ! e>?1 or 9 ! wat]s "u x4 ,we h inde$ rea*$ a p]iod ( amaz+ spectacul> effects1 produc$1 9 mo/ cases1 at enorm\s co/4 ,& yet today a f> clos] wat* is kept on ! co/ ?an ev] be=e4 ,h[ are we to reconcile ^! two app>5tly conflict+ /atem5ts8 ,! answ] is simple3 ,no?+ is too co/ly if x pays = itself--z reckon$ by ! sale ( pr9ts :5 ! picture is plac$ on ! m>ket4 ,if1 = example1 ,! ,bir? ( a ,nation1 ,civilization1 ,cabiria1 ,tw5ty ,?\s& ,leagues ,"u ! ,sea1 & ev] s _m o!r sup]-features t h be5 made s9ce ^! 7 produc$1 _h co/ twice z mu* z !y actually did1 !y w\ld /ill h be5 exce$+ly pr(itable v5tures = ! ones :o put !m out4 ,if y h ! /ory to ju/ify ! big sc5es & effects y w unhesitat+ly be provid$ ) all ! effects ! /ory calls =4 ,today1 economy is practic$ aft] ! /ory has be5 pur*as$2 ! unusually good plot is n p]si/5tly return$ because ( ! exp5se atta*$ to putt+ x into film =m4 ,ways & means are f\nd )9 ! /udio to produce1 = e ?\s& doll>s paid out1 an effect--a result--su* z to make x appe> t f ?ree to five times t am\nt has be5 exp5d$4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 an effect produc$ at comp>atively trifl+ exp5se1 (t5 by trick photography or by fak+ or sub/itut+ = "s exp5sive prop]ty1 is ev5 m effective ?an ! real ?+ w\ld h be54 ,z an example1 ! effect on ! scre5 ( a m9iature--a fake--,zeppel9 fall+ ?r\gh ! cl\ds1 a blaz+ mass1 0 conv9c+1 ?rill+ & easy to produce1 :]eas f ! spectator's po9t ( view x w\ld h be5 well nigh impossible to make a satisfactory photograph ( a real ,zeppel9 consum$ by flames & fall+ to de/ruction1 ev5 ?\gh x _h be5 bo? possible & f9ancially wor? :ile to burn a real dirigible4 ,ano!r ?+ to be rememb]$ is t ,mr4 ,nehls wrote 8 /atem5t at a "t :5 "o-reel pictures 7 ! rule2 & :at w\ld h be5 consid]$ enorm\sly exp5sive = a s+le-reel /ory is n ?\ght s mu* ( :5 x is to be includ$ 9 a production ( five reels or ov]4 ,a good rule1 foll[$ by _m successful writ]s1 is to plan y\r /ory--e/imat+ z well z y c accord+ to :at unusual effects or sett+s1 are call$ =--s t a five-reel subject1 say1 w n call = m ?an five times ! outlay dem&$ by a s+le-reel picture4 ,x is n an easy ?+ to d1 we w admit2 b y c d y\r be/ to figure ! exp5se 9 ?is way4 ,_m manufactur]s are will+ to pay out z mu* = a ?or\ghly good five-reel picture z "s o!rs w\ld pay = a six-or sev5-reel feature2 if !y d s 9 ! case ( y\r /ory s mu* ! bett] = y1 9 ! light ( ! additional cr$it y w receive = hav+ turn$ out an especially f9e piece ( "w4 ,! po9t is3 ,don't be too ready to add to ! exp5se m]ely because x is a multiple-reel /ory4 ,! te/ %\ld be3 ,is ! exp5sive sc5e or effect absolutely ess5tial to a prop] unfold+ ( y\r plot8 ,if x is1 include x2 if n1 leave x out or f9d z good a sub/itute effect z y c4 ,9 any ev5t1 omit exp5sive sc5es = m9or p>ts ( y\r plot4 #b4 ,consid]+ ! ,exp5se ( ,sett+s ,d n write a sc5e into y\r sc5>io t w necessitate too mu* "w = sc5ic arti/s1 c>p5t]s1 & prop]ty m54 ,a truly big !me is1 ( c\rse1 entitl$ to c>eful1 & ev5 elaborate1 /ag+2 b x is usually only necess>y to set =? ! big !me & describe ! sett+ 9 a g5]al way2 ! produc] w d ! re/4 ,d n be extravagant 9 y\r requirem5ts4 ,?is %\ld be "o ( y\r fir/ consid]ations :5 y />t to write a sc5e3 c\ld x be play$ z well 9 "s o!r sett+ t w\ld n require s mu* /ag+8 ,p]haps1 9 ! sett+ t y ?\ght ( fir/1 x might be necess>y to use sev]al extra p1 !reby add+ to ! co/ ( production4 ,no d\bt x w\ld be v pretty & effective to h ,ralph make up 8 qu>rel ) ,doro?y z %e sits d[n close to ! cam]a 9 ! cr[d$ ball-room2 b1 if ! play did n already conta9 a ball-room sc5e1 c\ld n ! reconciliation be %[n j z well 9 ! libr>y or on ! /reet ne> h] home or 9 a draw+-room sc5e :]e only a few gue/s are assembl$1 ! gue/s all be+ regul> memb]s ( ! /ock company8 ,"s pictures call+ = special prop]ties & extra p fully ju/ify ! additional exp5diture2 o!rs d n4 ,he is a wise writ] :o kn[s 8 own script well en\gh to be able to judge4 #c4 ,h[ ,"s ,too ,exp5sive ,sc5es ,7 ,tak5 ,9 a great _m cases1 pictures conta9+ a]oplanes1 burn+ oil wells1 railroad wrecks1 h\ses t are completely gutt$ by fire1 & o!r exceptionally spectacul> features1 are ! result ( ! m]e/ *ance4 ,= example1 a few ye>s ago ! ,?anh\s] /udio at ,new ,ro*elle1 ,n4,y41 caught fire & burn$ to ! gr\nd4 ,! fire 0 a spectacul> "o1 z ! *emical cont5ts ( ! build+ burn$ l p[d]1 & !re 7 sev]al explosions4 ,! fire occurr$ at #a4cj o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 & _m ( ! play]s 7 at lun* at _! hotels :5 ! al>m 0 turn$ 94 ,b ! play]s1 ! cam]aman1 & ! director quickly got toge!r1 & ev5 be=e ! fire 0 well out !y _h produc$ a ?rill+ fire picture1 ,:5 ! ,/udio ,burn$1 9 :i* 0 %[n ! rescue ( ! ,?anh\s] ,kid by ,miss ,m>gu]ite ,sn[1 !n lead+ woman ( ! company4 ,?us advantage 0 tak5 ( an un=tunate happ5+ to add to ! fame ( ! ,?anh\s] company4 ,aga91 x may happ5 t sev]al sc5es ( a big fire are tak5 :ile x is 9 progress1 & ! film laid aside until a suitable photoplay is ei!r writt5 by a /aff-writ] or s5t 9 by an outside au?or4 ,!n ! picture is complet$1 ! fire sc5es previ\sly tak5 be+ ins]t$ betwe5 o!r sc5es %[+ ! action ( ! plot4 ,"o ( ! mo/ ?rill+ & reali/ic fire pictures ev] produc$ 0 ,! ,inc5di>y ,=eman1 releas$ by ,pa! ,fr]es e>ly 9 #aijh4 ,x _h a well-develop$ plot t kept ! dramatic int]e/ key$ up e mom5t1 b ! features ( ! film 7 ! _m ?rill+ly reali/ic fire sc5es1 9 :i* ! ,p>isian fire dep>tm5t battl$ ) ! flames :ile sev]al enorm\s build+s 7 be+ de/roy$4 ,"o ( ! e>li] sc5es depict$ ! y>d ( ! ,pa! factory1 & %[$ a qu>rel betwe5 ! =eman & "o ( ! workm54 ,! ensu+ action l$ "o to believe t ?is 0 ! factory t 0 consum$ by ! flames1 b "o or two ( ! lat] sc5es made x pla9 to ^? :o c\ld read ,fr5* & :o wat*$ ! picture closely t ! actual fire sc5es _h be5 tak5 dur+ ! de/ruction ( an imm5se oil ref9]y4 ,yet ! comb9ation ( ! rehe>s$ sc5es & ! views ( ! real & disa/r\s conflagration made a picture t drew record-break+ h\ses to e !atre :]e x 0 exhibit$4 ,aga91 :e!r or n ! produc+ conc]n releases a weekly or semi-weekly curr5t-ev5ts reel1 e company at times makes use ( portions ( su* pictures1 ei!r made by !mselves or procur$ f o!r firms4 ,9 ! same way1 educational pictures ( e k9d are made use (--c]ta9 p>ts ( !m1 t is--to provide fitt+ & conv9c+ atmosph]e = orig9al /ories4 ,:5 ! ,:>tons put out _! v f9e patriotic s]ial1 ,! ,eagle's ,eye1 writt5 & produc$ ) ! int5tion ( expos+ ! plots =m$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ag5ts ( ! ,imp]ial ,g]man ,gov]nm5t1 ! fir/ episode 0 call$ ,! ,hidd5 ,dea?1 & %[$ on ! scre5 exactly h[1 9 all probability1 ! s9k+ ( ! ,lusitania 0 br\ght ab\t by ,c\nt von ,b]n/orff & 8 v>i\s ag5ts4 ,! actual adv]tisem5t plac$ 9 ,new ,york ,city newspap]s by ! ,g]man ,embassy at ,wa%+ton1 w>n+ all travel]s t !y sail$ on /eam]s belong+ to ,great ,brita9 at _! own risk1 z a /ate ( w> exi/$ betwe5 t c\ntry & ,g]many1 0 %[n on ! scre51 z 7 sev]al photographs ( newspap] fir/ pages ) news ( ! crime aft] x _h be5 p]petrat$4 ,also1 ! ,lusitania 0 %[n sail+ d[n ! ,nor? ,riv] t[>d ! ,upp] ,bay1 />t+ on h] la/ voyage4 ,?is picture1 ( c\rse1 0 at lea/ ?ree ye>s old at ! "t ! film 0 %[n 9 ! !atres1 & may h be5 mu* m ?an t1 s9ce _m pictures ( ?is & o!r great ocean l9]s h be5 made 9 ye>s pa/1 & at times :5 no "o c\ld possibly h guess$ _! ultimate fate4 ,practically e photoplay ( ! ,great ,w> t has be5 releas$ up to ! pres5t "t has be5 made up 9 "p ( sc5es tak5 on "o ( ! fight+ fronts1 at ! ,am]ican1 ,briti% or o!r tra9+ camps1 or dur+ /reet p>ades & milit>y reviews1 ^! pictures hav+ fir/ be5 made = news weeklies1 (ficial w> pictures1 or = patriotic propag&a purposes4 ,fitt$ 9 z a "p ( a w> /ory1 !y greatly enhance ! effect ( ^? sc5es :i* are entirely ! creation ( ! au?or's bra94 ,on "o occasion1 a c]ta9 ,edison director 0 putt+ on a feature :i* %[$--z orig9ally writt5--! s9k+ 9 mid-ocean ( a great l9]4 ,:ile rehe>s+ ! sc5e on deck :i* %[$ ! pass5g]s tak+ to ! life-boats1 he made repeat$ exp]im5ts ) c]ta9 lightn+ effects1 none ( :i* q satisfi$ him4 ,he also _h "s tr\ble ) "o ( ! made-to-ord] life-boats4 ,f9ally1 r disgu/$ ) ! way ?+s 7 go+1 he decid$ to cut out ! l[]+-(-!-boats sc5e & to h a fire at sea in/ead ( a m]e f\nd]+4 ,9 a v few m9utes1 ) ! aid ( smoke-pots & bl[-tor*es a ?rill+ burn+-%ip sc5e 0 made1 ) ! p scrambl+ t[>d ! life-boats4 ,lat]1 sev]al long-di/ance views ( ! burn+ ( a real ocean vessel1 made by ! company sev]al ye>s be=e1 7 introduc$ ) mo/ conv9c+ effect1 :ile ! action ( ! /ory 0 9 no way int]f]$ ) on acc\nt ( ! *ange4 ,! sc5e describ$1 ( c\rse1 0 made 9 ! /udio1 ) a specially built deck sc5e4 ,_h !re be5 o!r sc5es abo>d %ip ne$$ 9 ! /ory's work+ out1 ! director w\ld und\bt$ly h secur$ p]mission to take all ! sc5es ne$$ abo>d "o ( ! ocean l9]s always to be f\nd 9 ! port ( ,new ,york4 ,s x is t hundr$s ( pictures releas$ e ye> conta9 ?rill+1 unusual1 & beautiful effects :i* ! au?or has nev] dream$ ( writ+ into 8 sc5>io1 b :i* h be5 suppli$ by a c>eful director ) a memory = :at ! company has made 9 ! pa/4 ,& ! ?+ to be rememb]$1 ( c\rse1 is t :ile x is v easy = a director to use some?+ :i* is already made & 9 ! company's possession--or readily procurable f ano!r company--x is n s easy1 at times1 to make ! big sc5e or effect t ! novice introduces into 8 /ory4 ,leav+ aside ! /aff-writ]s1 9 almo/ e company#bd !re are "o or two photoplaywrights2 9 _m cases ! lead+ man is also ! director ( ! company1 writ+ & produc+ a great _m ( ! plays !y turn out4 ,:]e ?is is s1 t company is 9 a position to take advantage ( any un=ese5 happ5+ or accid5t4 ,be+ 9 ! vic9ity ( a railroad wreck1 !y hurry to ! place & take ! sc5es !y ne$4 ,!n1 probably _m miles away1 & on an entirely diff]5t railroad l9e1 ) ! p]mission ( ! company & possibly at a slight extra exp5se1 !y take ! o!r railroad sc5es--p]haps a week aft] tak+ ^? at ! sc5e ( ! wreck4 ,footnote #bd3 ,company1 z "h us$1 ref]s to ! gr\p ( play]s work+ "u a c]ta9 director1 sev]al su* gr\ps mak+ up ! /ock company ma9ta9$ by ! film manufactur+ conc]n4 ,?us ! un?9k+ amateur writ]1 see+ ! result ( ! produc]'s ef=ts on ! scre51 takes x = grant$ t ! company has gone to ! exp5se ( buy+ up sev]al old coa*es & an eng9e or two & produc+ an actual wreck m]ely = ! sake ( supply+ "s ?rill+ situations 9 a railroad drama4 ,true1 head-on collisions h be5 plann$ & pictur$1 box-c>s h be5 ?r[n ov] embankm5ts1 automobiles h be5 burn$1 a]oplanes h be5 wreck$1 & h\ses h be5 de/roy$1 to furni% ?rill+ episodes 9 ! pictures produc$ by v>i\s companies1 b unless ! /ory itself fully ju/ifi$ ! additional exp5se & tr\ble1 x is safe to say t ! company1 hav+ ! opportunity to pur*ase "s old eng9es & coa*es *eap1 took advantage ( ?is to write & produce a picture 9 :i* _! de/ruction c\ld be featur$--t is1 ! photoplay 0 ! result ( ! special sc5e1 & ! sc5e 0 n made specially = t p>ticul> plot4 ,to repeat1 9 introduc+ sc5es t call = additional exp5diture on ! "p ( ! manufactur]1 ! "q to ask y\rself is1 w ! result+ effect really ju/ify ! add$ co/ ( production8 ,z a /rik+ example ( h[ unusual &--f ! /&po9t ( :at may be artificially arrang$--seem+ly impossible sc5es may be us$ 9 photoplays1 consid] ! foll[+--& !n avoid ! introduction ( su* sc5es unless y "k absolutely j h[ y\r effect may be obta9$4 ,! ,vitagraph release1 ,a ,wa/$ ,sacrifice1#be m fully describ$ 9 ! next *apt]1 conta9$ a sc5e 9 :i* a "y ,indian woman1 /epp+ ^u a rattlesnake1 0 bitt51 & di$4 ,"o sc5e %[$ h] walk+ along1 ) ! papoose on h] back1 all unsuspect+ ( ! dang] t ?reat5$4 ,!n came a close-up %[+ ! rattl] coil$ ) head rais$4 ,! next full-siz$ sc5e %[$ ! woman j ab\t to /ep ^u ! snake conceal$ 9 ! grass4 ,9 ! second close-up :i* foll[$1 %[+ only ! snake & ! woman's moccas9$ feet1 ! reptile /ruck ) />tl+ swiftness & savag5ess4 ,! :ole effect 0 ?rill+ 9 ! extreme--& we d n d\bt t m ?an "o "y writ] 0 tempt$ to write a /ory ) a simil> sc5e4 ,b h[ (t5 w\ld a produc] be able to obta9 su* an effect8 ,x seems obvi\s t ! sc5e 0 9 /ock & ! play built ar\nd x1 b ! tru? is t ! sc5e 0 specially made4 ,! snake 0 caught1 & its poison extract$1 & !n ! sc5es 7 tak54 ,9 ! close-up sc5e ! snake 0 inside an enclosure /ret*$ on ! gr\nd4 ,! fir/ close-up %[$ ! snake1 coil$4 ,9 ! second1 ! girl 0 9 ! enclosure ) ! snake4 ,b ! close-up did n %[ ! enclosure1 ( c\rse4 ,& rattlesnakes are n readily obta9able props6 ,footnote #be3 ,! synopsis ( ?is photoplay is giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 #d4 ,animal ,actors ,ano!r mi/ake frequ5tly made by ! beg9n] is 9 writ+ /ories t require ! assi/ance ( trick animals4 ,we "k "o motion-picture actor :o1 at ! "t :5 he 0 on ! extra li/ ( a well-kn[n ,*icago company1 wrote to a ,new ,york produc] t he w\ld furni% ! work+ sc5>ios = two or ?ree plays 9 :i* 8 trick dog c\ld "w provid$ t he himself 7 all[$ to direct ! sc5es 9 :i* ! animal took "p4 ,he 0 told to g on1 & c>ri$ out 8 "p ( ! contract z (f]$4 ,! result 0 sev]al v exceptional pictures 9 :i* 8 dog's clev] "w 0 featur$4 ,b h[ _m writ]s are prep>$ n only to write ! script b also to furni% ! dog & direct its act+8 ,x is bett] to leave ! writ+ ( su* /ories to "s memb] ( ! company own+ ! trick animal4 ,! ,selig ,company ma9ta9s a l>ge m5ag]ie1 z does also ! ,univ]sal ,company2 & a script 9 :i* cag$ animals are us$ might be accept$ by !m4 ,ev5 a /ory requir+ animals t 7 unconf9$ might get by2 b x w\ld be advisable1 9 ei!r case1 fir/ to try to f9d out :e!r ! director :o w\ld take su* a picture consid]$ ! /ory wor? :ile writ+4 ,t is1 we ?9k ! photoplaywright w\ld d well--al?\gh no su* sugge/ion has be5 (f]$ by ei!r company--to s5d a %ort synopsis ( ! /ory he int5ds to write1 %[+ j h[ ! animals w\ld be made use (4 ,we h no d\bt t ! editor w\ld let y "k if he consid]$ ! idea a good "o2 & if he did1 y c\ld complete y\r script or detail$ synopsis4 ,x w\ld be und]/ood1 ( c\rse1 t 8 approv+ y\r idea w\ld 9 no way gu>antee ! acceptance ( y\r script4 ,b ( "o ?+ y might be sure3 if y\r idea 7 n pur*as$1 x w\ld n be us$ at all1 z e reputable company pays = ev]y?+ !y use4 #e4 ,*ild ,actors ,:at applies to animals applies equally to *ild actors3 x is always be/1 be=e submitt+ a /ory 9 :i* a *ild plays an important "p1 to be reasonably c]ta9 t ! company has su* a juv5ile play]1 or t !y c procure a *ild ) ! necess>y ability to p]=m ! "p4 ,sev]al conc]ns h z memb]s ( _! /ock companies *ild actors ( m>k$ ability4 ,9 "s /udios1 h[ev]1 ! director f9ds x necess>y to s5d out = clev] *ildr5 ( :om he may "k--sometimes ! *ild has act$ "u 8 direction be=e2 sometimes he has he>d ! reports f directors ( o!r companies--& if !re is d\bt 9 ! director's m9d t ! *ild c h&le ! "p1 y\r /ory may be reject$ z a result4 #f4 ,co/ume ,plays ,9 ! *apt] on ,:at ,y ,%\ld ,write we discuss ! "q ( writ+ hi/orical dramas1 :i* come "u ! head ( co/ume plays4 ,x %\ld be said "h t1 m]ely z an economical consid]ation1 y %\ld always avoid s5d+ scripts call+ = special--& !re=e exp5sive--co/um+ to any company unless y "k t !y are 9 ! habit ( produc+ plays ( t nature4 ,by /udy+ ! pictures y see on ! scre5 y c easily le>n :at companies g 9 = co/ume or hi/orical plays2 su* companies are always glad to receive really /rong & int]e/+ /ories ( ?is "* f outside writ]s4 #g4 ,light+ ,we h already t\*$ ^u ! use ( special light+ arrangem5ts 9 special sc5es1 b x is well to say aga9 t x is be/ to let ! director decide h[ a sc5e %all be light$4 ,he w consid] ! matt] f ! /&po9t ( practicability & exp5se2 y are v likely to ?9k only ( ! effect4 ,don't be too ready to write sc5es call+ = v]&as hung ) electric lights 9 suppos$ night sc5es1 ,japanese lant]ns at g>d5 p>ties1 unique moonlight effects1 & simil> ?+s t w make = exp5se--ev5 if !y are practicable4 ,f9ally1 economy %\ld always be ! guide foll[$ by ! au?or 9 writ+ 8 /ory4 ,if1 aft] x has be5 accept$1 ! director *ooses to /age x ) m ?an ord9>y c>e & exp5se1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,b ! director & n ! au?or w be ! "o to decide h[ x is to be /ag$4 ,if ! /ory is good1 x w n be slight$ 9 its production4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,:at ,,y ,,%\ld ,,n ,,write #a4 ,! ,"w ( ! ,c5sors ,f ! "t t y beg9 to write mov+-picture plays1 "o important fact mu/ be borne con/antly 9 m9d3 ,! ,national ,bo>d ( ,c5sor%ip inspects & passes on all films be=e !y are p]mitt$ to be releas$1 & ?is ,bo>d w n pass any subject x consid]s objectionable4 ,x is n our prov9ce to discuss ! me?ods ( ! c5sors 9 mak+ decisions1 ?\gh 9 "s sections ! local bo>d c>ries ! c5sor%ip idea to extremes1 ev5 b>r+ "s subjects t h already pass$ ! ,national ,bo>d4 ,x is safe to say1 h[ev]1 t ! folly ( hack+ to pieces a film portray+ ,%akespe>e's trag$y ( ,macbe?1 on ! gr\nd t x conta9$ too _m sc5es %[+ murd] & o!r crimes1 w soon become app>5t ev5 to ov]-zeal\s police & o!r c5sors ( c]ta9 cities4 ,z ,mr4 ,w4 ,/eph5 ,bu% writes 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w3 ,a v small & a v %ort-sight$ m9ority ( motion picture manufactur]s1 toge!r ) occasional lapses ( ,national ,c5sor%ip1 are responsible = ! exce$+ly silly & presumptu\s sy/em n[ exi/5t 9 "s localities4 ,x is because ( ?is small & %ort-sight$ m9ority t we (f] ?is advice3 ,write z y\r consci5ce & a s5se ( dec5cy z an individual & z a good citiz5 dictate4 ,! *ances are t !n y\r photoplay w meet ) no s]i\s objection4 ,d n introduce a crime-sc5e into y\r picture simply because :5 y saw a simil> sc5e 9 a photoplay x ar\s$ a mom5t's ?rill among ! spectators4 ,! fact t x pass$ ! ,national ,bo>d & ! local c5sor%ip committee--if y\r city has "o--does n mean t x is ! k9d ( picture ! bett] class ( !atre patrons want1 & ! bett] class ought to be set up 9 y\r m9d z ! judges ( all y write4 ,a bad example w n ju/ify y 9 writ+ a play conta9+ objectionable sc5es4 ,! safe gr\nd is ! be/ gr\nd because x is "r4 ,! foll[+ li/ ( features disapprov$ by ! ,national ,bo>d ( ,c5sor%ip gives a good g5]al idea ( ! ?+s t may be reg>d$ z "u ! ban1 n 9 "o or two special cities1 b ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,x is n a copy ( an (ficial li/1 z1 to ! be/ ( our k1 none su* is s5t out2 x is m]ely a draft prep>$ by ,mr4 ,john ,f4 ,pribyl1 !n ) ! ,selig ,company1 aft] he _h _h a conv]sation on ! subject ) ! ,secret>y ( ! ,national ,bo>d1 ,mr4 ,walt] ,/ory1 & c\rte\sly transmitt$ by ,mr4 ,pribyl to ! au?ors ( ?is volume4 ,,disapprov$ ,,by ,,! ,,national ,,bo>d ,,( ,,c5sor%ip ,! ,unwritt5 ,law3 ,! ,bo>d does n recognize ! s-call$ unwritt5 law z a ju/ification = ! kill+ ( any be+4 ,crime3 #a4 ,:5 crime is ! obvi\s purpose ( ! picture--t is1 :5 ! :ole /ory h+es on ! p]petrat$ crime4 #b4 ,:5 ! crime is repulsive & %ocks ! spectator4 #c4 ,! %oot+ 9 cold blood ( any be+4 #d4 ,any crime t portrays a unique me?od ( execution4 ,suicide3 ,! ,bo>d w n pass a picture 9 :i* !re is a suicide or any sugge/ion ( a suicide1 ) incid5ts lead+ !reto4 ,! purpose ( ! ,bo>d is to prev5t all sugge/ion ( self-de/ruction to ^? :o are morbidly incl9$4 ,burgl>y3 ,!re is no objection to a burgl>y sc5e 9 a picture s long z !re is no actual demon/ration ( ! act ( burgl>iz+2 = in/ance1 ! burgl> may be %[n ent]+ ?r\gh an op5 w9d[1 b mu/ n be %[n 9 ! act ( jimmy+ ! w9d[4 ,he may be %[n ) 8 back to ! audi5ce1 op5+ a safe & extract+ !refrom money or pap]s1 b he mu/ n be %[n op5+ ! safe by any means kn[n to ! art ( burgl>s4 ,vulg>ity3 ,all vulg>ity & sugge/ion mu/ be avoid$4 ,= in/ance1 flirtations ) wom5 :o are unmi/akably ( easy virtue4 ,lett]s mak+ appo9tm5ts ) su* wom5 are objectionable1 z is any r\gh-h\se conduct ) !m4 ,mis*ief3 ,! ,bo>d objects to pictures t w sugge/ to ! m9d ( y\? acts ( mis*ief1 su* z mutilation or de/ruction ( prop]ty = ! purpose ( p]petrat+ a joke on someone1 especially play+ jokes on invalids or cripples4 ,lyn*+3 ,lyn*+ is only p]missible :5 ! incid5t happ5s 9 ! days :5 ,lyn* ,law 0 ! only law1 i4e41 9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,f> ,we/ :5 ! ,vigilantes 7 ! only effective means ( en=c+ ord]4 #b4 ,o!r ,objectionable ,subjects ,! =ego+1 ( c\rse1 is n a complete li/1 z po9ts are com+ up cont9ually4 ,= in/ance1 sc5es %[+ kidnapp+ are =bidd5 by ! police ( _m cities1 & ! introduction ( t =m ( crime into a film /ory is fr[n$ ^u by ! ,national ,bo>d4 ,! po9t is t sc5es ( crime & viol5ce are n absolutely b>r$1 nor are (f5ses aga9/ ! moral law1 b :]e p]mitt$ ^! mu/ n be pres5t$ (f5sively1 & !y mu/ be ess5tial to ! /ory1 r ?an ! purpose ( ! play4 ,?is is a difficult po9t :i* no?+ b common s5se & exp]i5ce c p]fectly int]pret4 ,z an example1 a /ory writt5 ab\t a murd] or a robb]y w n be pass$1 b su* an incid5t may be all[$ 9 a /ory 9 :i* x is n ! lead+ feature4 ,9 any ev5t1 ! incid5t mu/ s]ve to po9t a moral & n s]ve z a spectacle4 ,ano!r ?+ to rememb] is t--aside f ! mov+-pictures exhibit$ 9 ! v>i\s regul> !atres--doz5s ( incid5ts :i* are %[n on ! regul> /age )\t be+ que/ion$ 9 any way1 w\ld nev] be all[$ on ! scre54 ,?is is p>tly due to ! fact t su* a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! att5dants ( mov+-picture !atres are *ildr5 & undiscrim9at+ adults4 ,! writ] ( fiction ent]+ ! field ( photoplay writ+ w d well to be> ?is fur!r fact 9 m9d3 ! v incid5t t might be ! means ( sell+ a /ory to a c]ta9 magaz9e might be ! cause ( a rejection if introduc$ into a mov+-picture plot4 ,! photoplay has /&>ds all its own4 ,"o type ( ! unpleasant drama1 says a writ] 9 ! ,photoplay ,magaz9e1 is ! k9d %[+ sc5es ( dr9k+ & wild debau*]y1 :]e "s "* becomes drunk & sl9ks home to 8 sickly wife1 beats h]1 & !n1 f9ally1 aft] rea*+ ! la/ /ages ( becom+ a sot1 sudd5ly braces up & re=ms4 ,! same writ] also rem>ks3 ,! only "t t murd] %\ld be %[n1 & t v delicately1 is ei!r 9 a detective drama or else 9 good trag$y1 :]e ! removal ( "s "* is ess5tial to ! plot4 ,e "o ( ,%akespe>e's trag$ies tells ( crime1 says an editorial 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w1 b does n exploit x1 & nev] revels 9 ! h>r[+ details to produce a ?rill4 ,x is n to be d5i$ t c>eless & un?9k+ directors are responsible = a good deal ( :at is objectionable on ! scre54 ,at ! same "t--& ?is is especially true ( com$y subjects--! director is m]ely1 z a rule1 c>ry+ out ! au?or's sugge/ions1 if n 8 actual directions4 ,! be/ way is n to give ! director ! opportunity to adopt objectionable features--leave ev5 que/ionable incid5ts out ( y\r photoplay4 ,= example1 ! elopem5t is legitimate mov+-picture mat]ial1 provid$ x is n introduc$ 9 su* a way z to in/ill mis*ief into ! m9ds ( "y m5 & wom54 ,at lea/ "o picture 0 produc$ a ye> or s ago :i* %[$ two high-s*ool girls elop+ ) a c\ple ( "y rakes :o 9 ano!r "p ( ! photoplay regi/]$ t !y 7 by no means ! k9d ( "y m5 :o w\ld ev] h receiv$ ! sanction ( ! girls' p>5ts to m>ry _! daught]s4 ,su* a picture may h be5 conceiv$ innoc5tly en\gh1 b z a subject t w\ld be %[n to ?\s&s ( "y p all ov] ! _w x 0 decid$ly des]v+ ( c5sure4 ,& yet "s ( ! v incid5ts t s]v$ to make ! picture d\bly objectionable 9 ! eyes ( gr[n p1 especially fa!rs & mo!rs1 might h be5 ! result ( ! director's un?9k+ly add+ c]ta9 sc5es t s]v$ to portray "y m5 9 a bad light--incid5ts :i* 7 n ev5 ?\ght ( by ! au?or :5 he plann$ 8 picture ( a y\?ful escapade4 ,we sympa?ize ) ! lov]s :5 ,doro?y's fa!r refuses to let h] m>ry ,jack1 to :om %e is pla9ly devot$4 ,b :51 9 ano!r sc5e1 we see ,jack wa/+ 8 "t 9 pool-rooms or l\ng+ 9 a saloon1 we give ! fa!r cr$it = be+ a good judge ( "*1 & n simply a h>% & /ubborn gu>dian4 ,writ]s %\ld rememb] t ev5 ?\gh a film is pass$ by ! ,national ,bo>d1 if x gets into a city 9 :i* ! local c5sor%ip bo>d objects to "o or two sc5es1 ^! sc5es w be lit]ally cut out = exhibition 9 t city4 ,aft]w>ds1 !y may be put back2 b if ?is happ5s 9 sev]al communities1 ! film is likely to be %ort5$ by _m feet1 s9ce 9 cutt+ & re-splic+ ea* cut means ! loss ( at lea/ two frames1 or pictures1 & ev5 m if ! op]ator does n "k 8 bus9ess--n to m5tion ! loss ( ! actual sc5es cut out4 ,suppose t two or ?ree ( a writ]'s /rong sc5es are cut :5 8 picture is %[n--9 ,detroit1 = in/ance--! result on ! scre5 is m likely to become an illogical & incoh]5t jumble ?an ! p[]ful drama ) a pun* he _h int5d$ x to be4 ,b ,c5sor%ip realizes1 says ,mr4 ,a4,w4 ,?omas1 9 ! ,photoplay ,magaz9e1 z does e editor & au?or1 t morality is to be desir$1 & to ?is end1 crime or sugge/ion ( crime is pres5t$1 z a rule1 to convey ! moral4 ',crime = crime's sake' is to be condemn$4 ,s5sationalism & =bidd5 !mes are seldom se5 n[adays4 ,aside f murd] & suicide1 :y is x t s _m "y au?ors imag9e t to be /rong a /ory mu/ h at lea/ "o viol5t or tragic dea?-sc5e8 ,t !re are hundr$s ( gripp+ /ories1 pictures ) ! bigge/ k9d ( pun*1 9 :i* no dea? or sugge/ion ( dea? is %[n1 is well-kn[n to e photoplay patron ^: m9d & he>t are 9 good work+ ord]4 ,& yet editors are e day return+ scripts 9 :i* a murd]1 a suicide1 a dea? z ! result ( a duel1 or a dea? aris+ f disease or accid5t1 is %[n--all = no o!r reason ?an t ! writ] imag9es he is !reby produc+ a /rong drama4 #c4 ,depress+ ,dramas ,dea? 9 a picture is nei!r undesirable nor out ( place--provid$ x is necess>y to ! prop] & inevitable developm5t ( ! plot4 ,b ! mi/ak5 idea t to snuff out a human life 9 a ?rill+ or a he>t-r5d+ mann]1 :5 !re is really no logical necessity = x1 makes a picture ei!r /rong or dramatic is responsible = scores ( unaccept$ scripts4 ,yet x w\ld n be well to try to apply to all picture /ories ,mr4 ,george ,cohan's motto1 ,always leave !m laugh+1 =1 z e intellig5t exhibitor kn[s1 & z a c]ta9 produc] once said1 !y come to weep z well z to laugh4 ,! po9t t seems to h escap$ _m "y writ]s is ?is3 ,!re is v (t5 a m decid$1 a m conv9c+1 & a f> m welcome1 pun* 9 a sc5e :i* %[s ! sav+ ( a human life ?an !re is 9 "o :i* %[s a dea?1 ev5 ( ! mo/ unwor?y "* 9 ! ca/4 ,to h y\r villa9 nurs$ back to life by ! man :om he has s p]si/5tly & cruelly p]secut$1 & !n to h him %[ ! *ange ( he>t t "o w\ld expect 9 him 9 ! circum/ances1 w be f> m dramatic & gripp+ 9 ! eyes ( an intellig5t audi5ce ?an to h y\r h]o hurl ! black-he>t$ ruffian to 8 doom ov] a cliff a ?\s& feet high4 ,!re is a di/9ction1 ) a v decid$ diff]5ce1 betwe5 ! picture t fills ! spectators ) gloom & ! "o t simply all[s !m to h :at _m wom5 w\ld call a good cry4 ,x is a great ?+ to be able to lift ! spectators out ( _! seats ) a big1 gripp+ melodrama1 rem>ks ,mr4 ,s>g5t1 b x is a f> m cr$itable ?+ to s5d !m home ) a te> 9 _! eyes :ile a smile hov]s ab\t _! lips4 #d4 ,! ,use ( ,deadly ,weapons ,x is und]/ood1 ( c\rse1 t ! use ( guns1 knives1 & o!r weapons is seldom object$ to by ! c5sors :5 !y are employ$ 9 a hi/orical picture1 or "o t %[s pione] life4 ,! tr\ble is t "s "y writ]s1 kn[+ t !y are grant$ m lic5se 9 ?is direction :5 do+ ,we/]n /uff1 make ! mi/ake ( abus+ ?is lib]ty4 ,mr4 ,r4,r4 ,nehls1 ( ! ,am]ican ,film ,company1 says3 ,! mo/ noticeable fault ) manuscripts deal+ ) ,we/]n life is ! natural incl9ation to run too mu* to gun play1 /agecoa* robb]ies1 etc4 ,please rememb] t we d n wi% to di/ort conditions 9 ! great ,we/--r we seek to portray x z x really exi/s today4 ,mr4 ,nehls1 x w be notic$1 says ! great ,we/ 444 z x really exi/s today4 ,x %\ld be app>5t to any writ] t 9 turn+ out /ories ( ! pres5t-day ,we/ !re is ev5 less excuse = promiscu\s gun-play ?an 9 a /ory1 say1 ( ,cali=nia 9 ! days ( ! ,=ty-,n9]s4 ,b ,indian massacres1 soldi] w>f>e1 ,indian & c[boy fights1 usually come "u ! head ( hi/orical subjects & are !re=e p]missible4 #e4 ,plays ,(f5sive to ,classes ( ,patrons ,x seems sc>cely possible t any intellig5t photoplay writ] w\ld introduce into "o ( 8 /ories an incid5t calculat$ to (f5d ! religi\s or political fai? ( any patron1 & yet 9 ! pa/ diff]5t pictures ( ?is k9d h be5 ! cause ( m ?an "o un?9k+ mov+-picture !atre manag]'s los+ "s ( 8 be/ patrons4 ,p z a rule h no objection to be+ prea*$ to 9 a mild & ent]ta9+ way :5 !y g to a picture %[1 b !y d object to hav+ _! feel+s hurt4 ,a man :o is ov]-fond ( dr9k may sit ?r\gh a play on ! scre5 9 :i* ! evil results ( intoxication are depict$ & come away fill$ ) a det]m9ation to re=m 8 way ( liv+1 b ! man :o aft] pay+ 8 admission is ask$ to sit ?r\gh five or m reels ( film almo/ e foot ( :i* is a %ock to 8 religi\s or 8 political s5sibilities w come away fill$ only ) ! det]m9ation to avoid t !atre 9 ! future1 if n1 inde$1 to es*ew mov+-pictures entirely4 ,dur+ #aiaa & ! e>ly "p ( #aiab sev]al pictures 7 releas$1 bo? by ,european & ,am]ican manufactur]s1 :i* 7 s object$ to by ,roman ,ca?olic picture-patrons t n only 7 !y suppress$ b ! :ole film-manufactur+ indu/ry 0 ar\s$ & put on its gu>d aga9/ produc+ m pictures ( ?is k9d4 ,"h is a rule ( photoplay writ+ t y mu/ n violate3 ,d n (f5d ! religi\s beliefs ( a s+le patron if y wi% to reta9 ! good w ( ! editors & manufactur]s4 ,& h y /opp$ to ?9k h[ broad t /atem5t really is8 ,h y tak5 into consid]ation ! _m diff]5t nationalities1 ) _! widely diff]5t cre$s & religi\s convictions1 :i* see ! pictures daily put ^u ! m>ket8 ,z "o critic says3 ,! photoplay film goes to ,europe & ,au/ralia & ,s\? ,africa4 ,"s ( !m ev5 get to ,*9a2 s y c realize t :at may seem fooli% to y may be sacr$ to someone else1 & exhibitors h to be c>eful4 ,to say t y mu/ be c>eful n to write /ories t w be likely to ar\se ! ire ( c]ta9 photoplay patrons because ( ! way a political !me is h&l$ does n mean t y _c introduce political !mes at all4 ,if1 = in/ance1 y h a p>ticul>ly good suffragi/ /ory--"o :i* conta9s bo? he>t & human int]e/--!re is little d\bt t x w\ld sell4 ,sev]al su* pictures h be5 %[n 9 ! pa/ ye> or two4 ,or if y h a /ory 9 :i* ! lead+ male "* is a ,sociali/1 x may be appreciat$ by _m photoplay-go]s )\t giv+ (f5se to ^? ^: views d n co9cide ) ! h]o's4 ,b1 to quote ! editor ( ,! ,com+ ,nation1 /ories are n want$ :]e ! h]o arises & makes a soap-box spee* on ,socialism1 conv]t+ all by-/&]s4 ,& at all times y mu/ keep 9 m9d t1 no matt] :at political !me y exploit 9 y\r /ory1 he>t-int]e/ mu/ pr$om9ate if y wi% x to sell--ano!r way ( say+ t unless y are sure t y h a v /rong & unusual /ory1 x is be/ to leave out politics4 ,t =m ( j\rnalism :i* is be/ kn[n z muck-rak+ is also out ( place 9 ! pictures4 ,few films1 h[ev]1 outside ( ! sect>ian subjects :i* 7 ! cause ( s mu* di/urbance a ye> or s ago1 h giv5 displeasure to s _m p z ^?--=tunately1 !y h n be5 _m--:i* reveal$ & held up to ! public ! secret & d>k sides 9 ! lives ( fam\s m5 & wom5 ( hi/ory4 ,!re are "s ?+s t are sacr$1 says a writ] 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w1 ev5 f ! h& ( ! mo/ circumspect ( picture mak]s4 ,x is a s\rce ( regret t ev5 a %ad[ ( reproa* %\ld be ca/ ^u di/+ui%$ m51 p>ticul>ly :5 ! "q ( blame is debatable1 z :51 = in/ance1 a picture portray+ ! love affair betwe5 ,sir ,john ,millais1 ! arti/1 & ,rusk9's wife1 0 actually produc$ by a well-kn[n company4 ,no matt] :at ! opportunity to produce :at seems to y to be a /rong or int]e/+ /ory1 nev] (f5d aga9/ good ta/e4 ,plays t antagonize ! f9] elem5t 9 an audi5ce1 says ,mr4 ,l\is ,reeves ,h>rison1 _h bett] nev] be %[n at all4 ,!re is no?+ funny 9 :at is cruel1 ?\gh vulg> brutality 9 a play may get a laugh f a few :o h n yet em]g$ f primitive egoism4 ,t la/ s5t5ce %\ld con/antly be borne 9 m9d4 ,a c]ta9 film1 ,adrift1 releas$ back 9 #aiab1 %[$ an incid5t t 9 real life w\ld h be5 impossible4 ,! reject$ suitor ( a woman :o is aft]w>ds se5 on ! d[nw>d pa? seeks to relieve 8 lonely exi/5ce by ! adoption ( a *ild4 ,because a c]ta9 little girl 9 an orphan asylum be>s a /rik+ resemblance to ! woman he has lov$ & lo/1 he decides to adopt h]4 ,& he does2 !y are se5 leav+ toge!r1 ! *ild be+ turn$ ov] to its new gu>dian 9 ! mo/ (f-h& way imag9able4 ,( c\rse1 lat]1 ! *ild1 hav+ gr[n to womanhood1 falls 9 love ) & m>ries h] gu>dian2 b 9 real life h[ little *ance !re w\ld be ( a f\ndl+ in/itution's giv+ "o ( its girl *>ges ov] to a "y ba*elor 9 ?is in=mal mann]1 if1 inde$1 he 7 all[$ to adopt h] at all4 ,( c\rse1 x is n always possible to say :e!r ! script = su* a picture 0 ! "w ( an outside writ] or :e!r x 0 writt5 by ! director himself4 ,b x sometimes happ5s t a picture is produc$ because x 0 writt5 by ! director himself1 :]eas ! same /ory1 s5t to ! editor by an outside writ]1 w\ld be return$ ) a w>n+ to avoid simil> sc5es or situations 9 ! future4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! photoplay & prose fiction1 or ev5 ! regul> drama1 is illu/rat$ by ! s-call$ problem plays & novels4 ,^! are acceptable ma9ly because _! !mes c be expla9$ f e po9t ( view1 & treat$ 9 a mann] t r5d]s !m less objectionable1 :5 skillful dialogue & discussion are us$ 9 tell+ ! /ory1 ?an if !y 7 to be act$ 9 pantomime4 ,besides1 to give ! same /ory 9 motion pictures w\ld necessitate ! use ( m lead]s & o!r ins]ts ?an w\ld be practicable1 ev5 9 a feature picture1 unless ! director 7 to risk (f5d+ ! public1 if n ! ,c5sor%ip ,bo>d1 by putt+ on sc5es t1 insuffici5tly expla9$1 w\ld be f> too risque = ! photoplay /age4 ,fur!rmore1 :5 !re are s _m good1 pleasant1 & int]e/+ !mes to *oose f1 :y elaborate :at is unpleasant or morally objectionable8 #f4 ,!mes ,unsuitable to ! ,produc+ ,company ,9 ! *apt] on ! limitations ( ! photoplay /age we h already said some?+ ab\t ! inadvisability ( call+ 79 y\r sc5>io7 = elaborate sn[-& ra9-/orm effects4 ,b ( c\rse x is ano!r matt] to plan /ories ) w9t] or ) summ] backgr\nds4 ,take into consid]ation t mo/ ( ! ,ea/]n companies1 once ! w9t] season is at h&1 look = /ories t may be done mo/ly 9 ! /udios1 ) int]ior sett+s4 ,if ! company has a bran* /udio 9 ,cali=nia or 9 ,florida--facts :i* y c easily le>n f ! trade publications--!y w v probably take suitable /ories call+ = outdoor sc5es4 ,z ! w9t] season approa*es its end y beg9 to (f] scripts t call = ext]ior sc5es1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 !re are "s sc5es :i* x w\ld n be possible to d until summ] is well advanc$4 ,x is impossible "h to lay d[n any exact rules = submitt+ to any company2 y mu/ be guid$ by y\r good judgm5t & y\r acquir$ k ( h[ ! company to :i* y submit y\r scripts has its field-=ces di/ribut$4 ,b 9 ord] to make scripts acceptable = production by a company t has a field-=ce work+1 say1 9 ! ,adirondacks1 x is necess>y to get y\r /ories to !m 9 good "t4 ,!re=e1 po/ y\rself conc]n+ ! movem5ts ( ! v>i\s companies1 & :5 y le>n t a c]ta9 conc]n has a field-company 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 s5d !m ! be/ script y h or c write1 suit$ to ! locality 9 :i* !y are work+4 ,if x is accept$1 y may be sure t ! editor w be v glad to keep y in=m$ z to h[ long !y are go+ to /ay4 ,9 t way y w avoid s5d+ to a company a /ory ) a ,jamaican backgr\nd :5 ! field-company has be5 mov$ to ! ,delaw>e ,wat] ,gap region4 #g4 ,hackney$ ,!mes ,"h is a li/ ( subjects no long] want$ by ! editors--unless ! !me is giv5 a decid$ly new twi/--because !y h become hackney$ f be+ done s (t54 ,_m su* li/s h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! v>i\s motion-picture trade-pap]s & ! diff]5t magaz9es = writ]s4 ,we give ! taboo$ !mes t h s f> be5 li/$1 & o!rs drawn f diff]5t s\rces4 ,a c>eful /udy ( ?is li/ may save y f wa/+ y\r "t writ+ a /ory t has already be5 done--p]haps two or ?ree times1 9 "o =m or ano!r--9 e /udio4 7#a7 ,! bro!r & si/]1 orphan$ 9 infancy1 p>t$ by adoption & reunit$ 9 lat] life4 ,!y fall 9 love1 only to discov] ! blood relation%ip4 7#b7 ,! little *ild /ol5 by gypsies1 & re/or$ to h] family 9 lat] life1 g5]ally by means ( a favorite song4 7#c7 ,! dis*>g$ workman :o goes to d injury to 8 =m] employ]1 b :o p]=ms "s rescue in/ead & gets 8 job back4 7#d7 ,! poor man :o att5ds a fa%ionable d9n]4 ,he conceals 9 8 clo?+ delicacies = 8 sick wife4 ,a r+ or o!r valuable is lo/4 ,he alone ( ! p>ty refuses to be se>*$4 ,! valuable is f\nd & 8 /ory comes out4 7#e7 ,! man :o assumes 8 bro!r's crime = ! sake ( ! girl he loves1 & :o1 he ?9ks1 loves ! bro!r4 7#f7 ,! *ild :o reunites p>t$ p>5ts or prev5ts a sep>ation4 7#g7 ,baby's %oes4 ,edison1 ,vitagraph1 ,univ]sal & o!r companies h work$ out all ! s5tim5t atta*$ to !m4 ,banni/] ,m]w91 ,rob]t ,e4 ,c(fey & o!r au?ors h reunit$ sep>at$ c\ples by means ( baby's %oes4 ,don't d x any m4 7#h7 ,two suitors = ! h& ( a girl4 ,!y g to "o ( ! p>5ts to decide1 or %e gives !m a common task to p]=m4 ,"o w9s by f\l means4 ,he is f\nd out1 & %e m>ries ! o!r4 7#i7 ,! convict :o escapes & robs an innoc5t man ( 8 clo!s1 !reby caus+ ano!r to appe> tempor>ily z ! jail-bird4 7#aj7 ,! /ory ( ! girl's "n & address writt5 on ! egg :i* is relegat$ to cold /orage = tw5ty ye>s1 !n to be discov]$ by a love-lorn man :o seeks out ! writ]1 :o by ?is "t has at lea/ "o unromantic husb& & a brood ( *ildr54 7#aa7 ,! pa!tic ,"m play 9 :i* ,?anksgiv+ & pumpk9 pies tug h>d at ! he>t-/r+s4 7#ab7 ,! play 9 :i* ! ri* crippl$ *ild is contra/$ ) ! poor /rong *ild1 & 9 :i* ! two are br\ght toge!r & ex*ange confid5ces--& money4 7#ac7 ,! husb& jeal\s ( 8 wife's bro!r1 :om he has nev] se54 7#ad7 ,! burgl> :o breaks into a h\se1 to be confront$ by 8 own *ild1 :o has be5 adopt$ by ! family4 7#ae7 ,! policeman :o calls on ! cook & removes 8 hat & coat1 :i* are us$ by ano!r4 7#af7 ,! *ild :o reunites p>5ts & *ildr5 sep>at$ ?r\gh an unapprov$ m>riage4 7#ag7 ,! *ild :o r$eems ! crim9al or :o saves ! disc\rag$ f ! d[nw>d plunge4 7#ah7 ,! employee :o gets an int]e/ 9 ! bus9ess1 & 8 employ]'s daught]1 ei!r ) or )\t opposition f ! =eman or ! junior p>tn]4 7#ai7 ,! bad small boy4 7#bj7 ,! %]iff :o is rescu$ by ! outlaw & :o lat] all[s him to escape1 or prev5ts 8 be+ lyn*$4 7#ba7 ,! rev5ue (fic] :o falls 9 love ) ! moon%9]'s daught]1 & :o is =c$ to *oose betwe5 love & duty4 7#bb7 ,! ,s\!rn boy :o enli/s 9 ! ,f$]al army1 & is ca/ out by 8 fa!r = s do+4 ,or ! "y ,nor!rn] :o1 act+ z a ,f$]al spy1 falls 9 love ) a ,s\!rn girl1 ! daught] ( a ,conf$]ate (fic]4 ,!re are doz5s ( v>iations ( ! ,civil ,w> bro!r aga9/ bro!r plot1 b all h be5 done s (t5 t1 unless y c give su* a !me a decid$ly new twi/1 x is mu* bett] n to s5d x out4 ,& note t m]ely to give ! old !me a ,great ,w> sett+ is n to r5d] x m acceptable4 7#bc7 ,/ories requir+ too mu* trick photography1 & /ories bas$ ^u love pills1 fooli% p[d]s1 & o!r influ5ces4 ,editors & public tir$ long ago ( ! poor boy ^: indu/ry at la/ br\ght him ! h& ( 8 employ]'s daught]2 ! pale-fac$1 sweet-ey$ "y ?+ ^: h]oism 9 /amp+ out a fire enabl$ h] to pay (f ! mortgage2 ! recov]y ( ! miss+ w2 ! cruel /ep-"m2 answ]+ a pray] :i* has be5 ov]he>d2 ! /range case ( mi/ak5 id5tity2 hone/y rew>d$2 a noble rev5ge2 a *ild's influ5ce2 & s on to a long-drawn-out end4#bf ,footnote #bf3 ,j4 ,b]g ,es5we91 ,writ+ ! ,%ort-,/ory4 ,9 avoid+ trite subjects ! sure/ tea*]s are common s5se1 a wide read+1 ! con/ant /udy ( ! photoplays se5 on ! scre51 a fri5dly critic1 & ! pr9t$ rejection slip4 ,& d n =get ?is mo/ important po9t3 ,x is n s mu* ! "t-worn !me t makes a /ory hackney$ z x is ! ?readb>e developm5t ( ! !me4 ,a new twi/1 a fre% surprise1 com+ z ! climax to an old situation1 may r$eem its hackney$ "*4 ,b :5 y c comb9e a fre% !me ) a new treatm5t y h rea*$ ! apex ( orig9ality4 ,"t sp5t 9 work+ on unhackney$ l9es w save y _m lat] he>ta*es4 #h4 ,inconsi/5t ,situations ,a ^w or two conc]n+ inconsi/5cies 9 film /ories4 ,:ile ! inconsi/5cies & absurdities occasionally se5 on ! scre5 are (t5 traceable to ! director alone1 ! writ] mu/ d 8 %>e t[>d elim9at+ :at is incorrect or out ( place4 ,take = in/ance ! ,r$ ,cross 9 w>-pictures4 ,! introduction ( ! ,r$ ,cross into ,am]ican ,civil ,w> pictures 0 some?+ t "o ( ! pres5t writ]s _h comm5t$ ^u & criticiz$ two or ?ree ye>s be=e ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,hoagl&1 ( ,pa! ,fr]es ,am]ican company1 wrote 8 helpful little book on ! te*nique ( ! photoplay#bg1 b1 s9ce ,mr4 ,hoagl& puts x s compreh5sively 9 t "w1 :at he says is quot$ "h3 ,9 a ,civil ,w> /ory ! sc5>io call$ = a field hospital ) ! ,r$ ,cross flag fly+ f a /aff4 ,well1 ! ,r$ ,cross wasn't organiz$ until ! clos+ ye> ( ! w>1 & !n x 0 done 9 ,switz]l&4 ,! ,s\!rn]s & ! ,yankees nev] saw ?is emblem ( m]cy dur+ ! :ole f\r ye>s ( /rife4 ,footnote #bg3 ,h]b]t ,case ,hoagl&1 ,h[ to ,write a ,photoplay4 ,foll[+ ! =ego+ p>agraph 9 8 book1 ,mr4 ,hoagl& speaks ( ano!r script 9 :i* an (fic] 9 ,conf$]ate uni=m is in=m$ by a c\ri]--9 ,conf$]ate uni=m--t w> _h be5 decl>$ betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,b1 ! ,pa! c5sor ( scripts rem>ks1 !re 0 no gray uni=m ( ! ,conf$]acy be=e ! ,c4,s4,a4 0 =m$6 ,z "o critic has rem>k$1 ,scre5 cr$it = ! au?or may n br+ him ! cr$it = :i* he is look+4 ,9 o!r words1 if ! director bungles a sc5e or all[s "s hi/orical or o!r inaccuracy to creep into ! picture1 ! blame may be plac$ by ! un?9k+ spectator on ! au?or--or ev51 9 case ( ! picture's be+ an adaptation ( a novel1 on ! writ] :o prep>$ ! cont9uity1 or sc5>io4 ,?us1 :ile :at ,mr4 ,hoagl& wrote 0 writt5 9 #aiab1 ! ,r$ ,cross flag 0 se5 wav+ bravely 9 ,p>alta's ,madame ,:o81 produc$ 9 #aiah1 & we feel sure t nei!r ,mr4 ,h>old ,mac,grath1 :o wrote ! novel1 nor ,mr4 ,monte ,m4 ,katt]john1 ! /aff-writ] :o wrote ! sc5>io1 0 responsible = ! error4 ,s x w be se5 t ! photoplaywright may easily f9d himself "u ! fire n only ( ! pr(essional critic1 b also ( ! lay patron & ( 8 bro!r writ]s4 ,d n1 !re=e1 risk any?+ t may1 s to speak1 make x easi] = ! director to g wrong4 ,to quote ,davy ,crockett's motto1 ,be sure y're "r2 !n g ahead4 ,z an example ( :at may happ5 if y fail to obs]ve ?is w>n+1 consid] ! ,vitagraph release1 ,a ,wa/$ ,sacrifice1 ref]r$ to 9 ! previ\s *apt]4#bh ,! big pun* 9 ?is /ory1 z already po9t$ out1 0 :]e ! "y squaw /eps on ! conceal$ rattlesnake4 ,wom5 9 ! audi5ce scream$2 m5 felt ! prov]bial cold *ill run d[n _! sp9es4 ,!n came ! climax1 9 :i* ! "y ,we/]n]1 hop+ to save ! life ( ! papoose1 takes x away f ! dead "m & hurries back to meet ! doctor-%]iff :o is pursu+ him ) ! posse4 ,! doctor tells him t ! *ild is dead2 8 sacrifice--f :i* ! /ory d]ives its title--has be5 unnecess>y4 ,! poison1 drawn f ! brea/ ( ! /rick5 woman by ! nurs+ *ild1 has kill$ ! baby4 ,a real pun*1 inde$6 ,b wait4 ,a prom95t physician 9 an ,ea/]n city writes to ! produc+ company prote/+ t x is impossible = a *ild to draw poison into its sy/em 9 ! mann] describ$4 ,& ! physician kn[s6 ,9 o!r words1 :at happ5$ 9 ! picture c\ld n happ5 9 real life4 ,! backbone ( ! plot has be5 brok56 ,sev5 9 t5 p might n "k ! diff]5ce2 !y w\ld nev] "q ! probability ( ! sc5e4 ,! o!r ?ree 9 t5 w\ld "k1 &1 see+ y\r "n on ! film1 w\ld put y d[n z a fir/-class nature fak]1 or else z a v c>eless & badly in=m$ writ]4 ,& rememb] t ev5 ?\gh ! director may be ! "o mo/ to blame = n tak+ ! tr\ble to v]ify ! action introduc$ into y\r /ory be=e putt+ x on1 y w be ! "o blam$ by ^? 9 ! /udio1 & y\r next /ory w und\bt$ly be look$ at askance1 & probably reject$4 ,footnote #bh3 ,see synopsis 9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,:at ,,y ,,%\ld ,,write ,) inv5tiv5ess & imag9ation ! mo/ commonplace1 ! ev]yday-life subject1 su* z ! ills & c>es we h to be>1 becomes1 by a prop] exposition ( human nature "u ^? conditions1 a /ory bo? ent]ta9+ & in/ructive4 ,b ent]ta9+ fir/1 in/ructive second2 to try to be in/ructive is to cease to be ent]ta9+4 ,! /r5g? ( a /ory consi/s 9 ! eloqu5ce1 vividness1 & s9c]ity ) :i* a giv5 problem 9 human life or "* is pres5t$4 ,human nature is made up ( all sorts ( traits--selfi%ness1 cupidity1 self-sacrifice1 c\rage1 loyalty4 ,all life is made up 444 ( a compromise betwe5 elem5ts 9 ! /ruggle = happ9ess4 ,^! elem5ts make = ! /ory1 happ9ess be+ ! *ief factor = :i* humanity is se>*+4 ,?\gh writt5 = %ort-/ory writ]s1 ^! words f an article by ,mr4 ,floyd ,hamilton ,haz>d are s true1 & s applicable to ! writ+ ( photoplays1 t we reproduce !m "h4 ,sub/antially simil> ideas 7 advanc$ by ,mr4 ,daniel ,frohman1 ! !atrical impres>io1 9 an int]view 9 ! ,new ,york ,sun1 & no "o w d\bt ! close relation%ip :i* exi/s betwe5 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( plot-/ructure z appli$ to ! legitimate drama & to ! photoplay4 ,we may n[ see ! fir/ big elem5t 9 all vitally dramatic !mes3 #a4 ,! ,human ,appeal ,y\r script1 wrote a c]ta9 editor 9 return+ a "y writ]'s photoplay1 ne$s to be introduc$ to ! ',h4,i4' tw9s--,he>t ,int]e/ & ,human ,int]e/4 ,^? two elem5ts are responsible = ! sale ( m manuscripts ?an any?+ else ) :i* ! writ] has to d4 ,9 *oos+ a !me = y\r photoplay1 !n1 con/antly be> 9 m9d ! great tru? t1 no matt] h[ orig9al1 h[ int]e/+1 or h[ clev]ly con/ruct$ y\r plot may be1 x w be sadly lack+ unless x conta9s a goodly p]c5tage ( "o or bo? ( ^! desirable qualities4 ,! frequ5tly-quot$ =mula ( ,wilkie ,coll9s1 ,make 'em laugh1 make 'em cry1 make 'em wait1 simply sums up ! prop] proc$ure :5 y set out to w9 ! int]e/ & sympa?y ( ! spectators4 ,! greate/ aid 9 sell+ scripts is ! injection ( ! human-int]e/ bits4 ,e effective bit ( bus9ess concisely told helps ! sale because x helps ! editor1 ,mr4 ,s>g5t rem>ks 9 "o ( 8 criticisms4 ,rea* y\r read]s' he>ts & bra9s1 says ,ar?ur ,s4 ,h(fmann1 editor ( ,adv5ture1 9 ,! ,magaz9e ,mak]4 ,& !n1 aft] cit+ ! dictum ( ,wilkie ,coll9s1 he adds3 ,make 'em hate1 l1 sympa?ize1 ?9k4 ,give !m human nature1 n m]ely names ( *>act]s4 ,:5 all is said1 y c hope to rea* ! m9ds ( ! masses only by fir/ rea*+ _! he>ts4 #b4 ,writ+ = ,all ,classes ,not)/&+ ! great advances 9 ! art ( mov+-picture production dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 & ! correspond+ improvem5t 9 ! film-/ories %[n1 ! great mass ( photoplay patrons are /ill1 z !y always 71 ( ! middle class4 ,bett] pictures h gradually drawn into ! picture !atres a m highly educat$ type ( patron1 b v few exhibitors w\ld /ay 9 bus9ess if ! middle-class spectators 7 to discont9ue _! att5dance4 ,! av]age work+ man c take 8 little family to ! picture !atre1 say once a week1 = fifty c5ts1 :]eas x w\ld co/ him ab\t t sum = "o poor seat 9 a fir/-class regul> !atre4 ,h5ce ! imm5se popul>ity ( ! picture !atre1 & h5ce too ! necessity = ef=t on ! "p ( ! !atre manag] to please all 8 patrons4 ,fir/1 ( c\rse1 he mu/ please ! majority1 b he mu/ by no means ov]look ! ta/es ( ! m9ority4 ,e man1 z ! wise proprietor kn[s1 enjoys mo/ :at he und]/&s be/4 ,! pla9 p are n necess>ily ! un9tellig5t ones1 = ! work+ man c bo? und]/& & enjoy pictur$ v]sions ( ,dante's ,inf]no & ,sophocles' ,o$ipus ,rex1 b he w feel m at home :ile wat*+ a picture ( contempor>y ,am]ican life2 & :o %all say1 provid$ ! photoplay be a good "o1 t he is n receiv+ z mu* pr(it !refrom z f ! film v]sion ( ei!r ( ! classics6 ,! really successful photoplaywright is no?+ if n v]satile4 ,unless he is cont5t to h a v limit$ m>ket1 he m ?an any o!r type ( pr(essional writ] mu/ be able to write = all classes4 ,fur!rmore1 he mu/ be able to write on a v>iety ( !mes4 ,! photoplaywright :o c produce only ,we/]n dramas1 or /ories deal+ ) slum life1 w f9d 8 sales av]ag+ v l[ z comp>$ ) ! au?or :o c con/ruct a society drama1 a ,we/]n /ory1 a photoplay ( bus9ess life1 a /ory ( ! ,k5tucky m\nta9s1 or /ill o!r types4 ,to be able to write photoplays t w appeal to e class ( photoplay patron is ! supreme te/ ( ! photoplaywright4 ,^! words ( a celebrat$ ,fr5* noveli/ & playwright1 ,ludovic ,halevy1 are wor?y ( att5tion3 ,we mu/ n write simply = ! ref9$1 ! blase1 & ! squeami%4 ,we mu/ write = t man :o goes !re on ! /reet ) 8 nose 9 8 newspap] & 8 umbrella "u 8 arm4 ,we mu/ write = t fat1 brea?less woman :om ,i see f my w9d[1 z %e climbs pa9fully into ! ,odeon omnibus4 ,we mu/ write c\rage\sly = ! b\rgeois1 if x 7 only to try to ref9e !m1 to make !m less b\rgeois4 ,& if ,i d>$1 ,i %\ld say t we mu/ write ev5 = fools4 #c4 ,a ,high ,quality ( ,imag9ation ,dem&$ ,ano!r well-kn[n ,fr5* dramati/1 ,m>cel ,prevo/1 :o is a photoplaywright z well1 9 a rec5t issue ( ! ,p>is ,fig>o repli$ to a "q :e!r motion pictures are h>mful to ! legitimate !atre1 by /at+ t1 :ile he likes ! pictures1 _! au?ors are lack+ 9 imag9ation4 ,t !re is a great deal ( tru? 9 :at ,m4 ,prevo/ says seems to be prov$ by ! fact t :5 fam\s playwrights & be/-sell+ au?ors h suppli$ photoplay plots to ! manufactur]s1 !y h be5 exceptionally well paid4 ,we ref]1 ( c\rse1 to /ories specially writt5 = ! photoplay /age1 = :5 a film manufactur] produces a /ory by a well-kn[n fiction writ]1 :i* orig9ally appe>$ 9 novel or 9 %ort-/ory =m1 ! manufactur] does bus9ess ) ! au?or's publi%]s1 unless ! au?or has specifically res]v$ = himself all dramatic rights--a practice :i*1 by ! way1 is becom+ m & m g5]al4 ,illu/ration3 ,arrangem5t ( ,electric ,lights 9 a ,photoplay ,/udio ,illu/ration3 ,an ,actor's ,dress+ ,room 9 ! ,selig ,/udio ,an editorial 9 ,motography says3 ,! be/ motion picture dramas produc$ today are reproductions ( lit]>y classics4 ,^! films d n a*ieve immortality2 !y m]ely fur!r assure ! immortality ( ! orig9al "w4 ,:y _c a photodrama be produc$ t is f9e en\gh to live on its own m]it--:y mu/ ! picture always seem to be second>y :ile lit]ature & ! drama cont9ue to furni% ! prim>y motives8 ,! answ] lies 9 ! peculi> requirem5ts ( photoplay au?or%ip4 ,! writ] ( pr9t$ fiction is a ma/] ( words4 ,he revels 9 artful phrases & unique con/ructions4 ,he woos immortality n by 8 plots1 b by 8 clev] h&l+ ( words--8 '/yle'4 ,& !n ! editor goes on to say t ! photodrama w become great :5 x has develop$ its own great m54 ,! photoplay au?or ( fame1 he says1 mu/ be a speciali/4 ,?is also is true2 b at ! same "t he mu/1 z 9 any o!r pr(ession1 fir/ ( all be a /ud5t4 ,he mu/ s]ve 8 appr5tice%ip2 & :ile he is s]v+ 8 appr5tice%ip he mu/ cultivate ! imag9ation :i* ,m4 ,prevo/ decl>es to be s ess5tial4 ,imag9ation _c be develop$ by rema9+ 9 a rut4 ,exp]i5ce is n only ! be/ tea*]1 b ! v f9e/ develop] ( ?\ght1 & ( a vivid & facile imag9ation4 ,?us con/ant practice causes ! build+ ( plots to become a sort ( second nature4 ,grant+ t y h ! te*nical skill to develop ! plots y evolve1 ! "q :i* y h to answ] is3 ,:at are ! mo/ suitable !mes = photoplays8 ,no "o c give y su* a li/1 ?\gh he may d :at has be5 attempt$ 9 ano!r *apt]--furni% a mod]ately full li/ ( :at n to *oose z !mes4 ,"s g5]al positive pr9ciples1 h[ev]1 are important1 & ^! are n[ to be consid]$4 #d4 ,write ( ,:at ,y ,"k ,! fact t ! m>ket is wide makes x ! less excusable :5 a writ] c\rts rejection by attempt+ !mes ) :i* he is n famili>4 ,if y live on an ,ea/]n or ,middle-,we/ f>m1 or 9 a small t[n1 rememb] t--especially betwe5 ! mon?s ( ,may & ,septemb]--! film companies almo/ )\t exception are look+ = good /ories ( c\ntry life4 ,!n :y try to write /ories ( bus9ess life 9 a l>ge city1 ( society1 ( !atrical or circus life1 or ev5 ( ! f> ,we/1 until y h succe$$ ) a few /ories t might easily be set )9 a %ort di/ance ( :]e y live8 ,correct & fai?ful local color1 at times1 has mu* to d ) sell+ a /ory1 ?\gh y always ne$ a good idea & a clev] plot4 ,! same rule1 naturally1 %\ld be foll[$ by ! "y writ] ^: home is 9 a l>ge city4 ,if y c turn out a good1 orig9al /ory tru?fully portray+ ,new ,york's ,ea/ ,side1 ,broadway1 or ,wall ,/reet2 ,*icago's ,loop di/rict2 ! social & political life ( ,wa%+ton1 or any o!r su* backgr\nd1 !re is an editor wait+ to pur*ase t /ory4 ,all ?is is n to say t y mu/ write only ( ?+s :i* are1 or h be51 )9 ! range ( y\r p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,_m a writ] has successfully built 8 /ory on well-v]ifi$ second-h& k4 ,if y are n famili> ) ! subject at fir/-h&1 & _c get direct1 p]sonal in=mation1 get ! k f books & p]iodicals1 b get x exactly--squeeze ! la/ drop ( in=mation f ! subject4 ,if !re is no libr>y 9 y\r t[n1 se>* y\r own z well z borr[$ books & magaz9es until y f9d at lea/ en\gh correct data to enable y to turn out a script t w n betray second-h& k4 ,jules ,v]ne _h only indirect k ( mo/ ( ! c\ntries :i* he depict$1 yet to read 8 books "o w\ld believe t he _h travell$ ev]y:]e4 ,because he _h read up on & inve/igat$ 8 subjects he 0 able to produce su* ?or\ghly conv9c+1 & always int]e/+1 books z ,a ,t\r ( ! ,_w 9 ,eighty ,days1 ,tw5ty ,?\s& ,leagues ,"u ! ,sea1 & ,! ,clipp] ( ! ,cl\ds1 9 :i* he wrote1 & app>5tly au?oritatively1 ( almo/ e c\ntry on ! globe4 ,until y\r "w is pretty well kn[n by ! editors1 x is j z well n to attempt to write hi/orical dramas4 ,b if y d write !m1 ! greate/ c>e mu/ be tak5 to adh]e closely to facts1 especially 9 compos+ scripts 9 :i* fam\s hi/orical p]sonages figure4 ,?ree or f\r ye>s ago a c]ta9 company t made a specialty ( two- & ?ree-"p hi/orical1 ,we/]n1 & milit>y dramas1 0 call$ to acc\nt by an army (fic] 9 ,wa%+ton = hav+ br\ght out a photoplay ( pione] life :i* held up a well-kn[n (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates army 9 a r bad light by mak+ him responsible = an act ( great inju/ice to a fam\s ,indian *iefta94 ,! au?or ( ! photoplay--:e!r a /aff-writ] or a free lance--0 d\btless unaw>e t he 0 do+ an inju/ice to ! memory ( a gallant & k9d-he>t$ ,am]ican soldi]2 b1 h[ev] ! picture came to be writt51 x elicit$ ! /rong disapproval ( someone :o knew1 & :o did n hesitate to tell ! mak]s t a mi/ake _h be5 made4 ,manufactur]s h to be c>eful2 !y _c af=d to (f5d anyone4 ,moreov]1 ! motion picture has come to be look$ ^u z a great educational factor1 & no picture c be truly educational t is n /rictly accurate4 ,if y want to write hi/orical photoplays aft] y h become kn[n to ! editors1 v well2 b be sure t y adh]e closely to hi/orical facts4 ,x is f> bett] to sp5d a week 9 ! ref]5ce room ( ! public libr>y ?an to h to suff] a rebuke f a manufactur]1 ev5 ?\gh ! director be also to blame = n be+ famili> ) ! subject be=e attempt+ to make ! picture4 ,& ! loss ( y\r pre/ige may prove h>d] to be> ?an ! rebuke4 #e4 ,write on ,:at ,int]e/s ,y ,next 9 importance to writ+ on a subject ) :i* y are famili> is to write ab\t t ) :i* y are 9 sympa?y4 ,y _c int]e/ y\r audi5ce unless y y\rself are int]e/$ 9 y\r !me :5 ! /ory is writt54 ,if y w\ld ar\se fire 9 y\r spectators y mu/ fir/ feel fire )9 y4 ,to write a /ory m]ely because x is timely is n to d y\rself ju/ice4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 x is ab\t "t = a new presid5t to g into (fice4 ,x may occur to y t to s5d 9 a script be>+ ^u t timely subject w be a sure way ( coax+ a *eck f ! editor4 ,y h "s slight k ( politics & ( ,wa%+ton life1 b y are n p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ei!r4 ,y are1 h[ev]1 anxi\s to sell a script1 s y read up on ! subject & "w up a photoplay4 ,! *ances are t y w cont9ue to own ! script1 = y did n put ! snap into x t y w\ld h done _h y be5 bo? famili> ) y\r !me & g5u9ely int]e/$ 9 x4 #f4 ,write on ,unusual ,!mes ,_m a writ] is det]r$ f develop+ an unusual !me = fe> t no company w be f\nd to produce x4 ,en\gh has be5 said on ?is subject to w>n ! photoplaywright aga9/ writ+ impracticable sc5es4 ,b ) ?is limitation 9 view e ef=t %\ld be made to /rike into untravell$ fields4 ,9 a day :5 mo/ ( ! big manufactur]s h two or ?ree1 or ev5 m1 field-companies op]at+ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 :5 almo/ e mak] ( films has an ,ea/]n & a ,we/]n organization1 & :5 sev]al companies h a globetrott+ tr\pe work+ 9 "s di/ant "p ( ! _w1 !re is v little *ance ( a ?or\ghly good & desirable photoplay plot's fail+ to f9d acceptance1 provid$ x is intellig5tly m>ket$4 ,no matt] :]e y may live1 no matt] :at y may write (1 if x is good x w sell--"s editor is wait+ = x4 ,b y mu/ f9d t editor4 #g4 ,write ,/ories ,requir+ ,only ,action ,9 select+ y\r !me1 ask y\rself if ei!r dialogue or description may n be really requir$ to br+ out ! !me satisfactorily4 ,if su* is ! case1 ab&on ! !me4 ,! comp>atively few ins]ts p]mitt$ _c be reli$ ^u to give mu* aid--! *ief reliance mu/ be pantomime4 ,= ?is reason x is inadvisable to write detective /ories1 unless y h a plot t c be easily & conv9c+ly told 9 action4 ,! av]age fictional /ory ( ?is class dep5ds m ^u dialogue & ! au?or's explanation ( ! sleu?'s me?ods ( d$uction ?an ^u rapid & gripp+ action4 ,9 a fictional detective /ory1 ! crime usually has happ5$ be=e ! /ory op5s4 ,9 a film /ory1 ?is w\ld be impracticable1 unless a long explanatory ins]t 7 introduc$ ei!r be=e or aft] ! fir/ sc5e or two4 ,b long ins]ts are n want$1 ev5 9 multiple-reel /ories4 ,s9ce ev5ts 9 a photoplay mu/ appe> 9 *ronological ord]1 y _c depict murd] )\t %[+ ! murd]] 9 ! act1 & t w soon br+ y c\nt] to ! c5sors4 ,aside f ! consid]ation ( ! c5sor%ip is ?is po9t3 9 a fictional detective /ory ! real murd]] is n reveal$1 9 mo/ cases1 until ! la/ *apt]4 ,9 ! photoplay1 on ! o!r h&1 x w\ld be necess>y to %[ ! spectator almo/ at ! fir/ :o ! real murd]] is--! o!r *>act]s 9 ! picture1 & n ! spectators1 be+ ! ones 9 d\bt z ! /ory progress$4 ,?is is a difficult condition to br+ ab\t effectively4 ,/ill1 x c be done1 & !re is a *ance = a writ] :o c produce logical & int]e/+ detective scripts1 z !re is always a m>ket = any uncommon !me t is bo? orig9al & h&l$ ) te*nical correctness4 ,an au?or :o is anonym\s has said ,:ile ! /ory may h = a plot a subject involv+ complication1 or my/]y1 ea* sc5e mu/ be easily und]/ood1 or ! audi5ce1 tax$ by try+ to fa?om motives or emotions ) :i* x is unfamili>1 or ) :i* x is n 9 sympa?y1 loses ! ?read ( ! /ory1 & consequ5tly pron\nces ! photoplay lack+ 9 int]e/4 ,rememb]+ ! brevity ( ! film drama1 compactness & simplicity 9 e feature are to be desir$4 ,x does n require a great ca/ ( *>act]s nor unusually spectacul> sc5ic "w to produce ! big idea4 ,! dep?s ( human woe & suff]+1 or ! v heights ( joy & atta9m5t1 c be pictur$ 9 a fla%4 ,! dramatic /ory %\ld consi/ ( a /rong & pref]ably unique plot1 simple & direct 9 its appeal to ! he>t1 & express$ or convey$ to ! audi5ce by a logical sequ5ce ( episodes or incid5ts1 all hav+ direct be>+ on ! /ory1 & ea* "o ( suffici5t /r5g? to hold ! att5tion ( ! spectators4 ,! /ory mu/ be human1 ! *>act]s & _! motives & actions human & true to life4 ,! drama is p]fect z x reflects a correct imitation ( nature4 #h4 ,write ,ma9ly ( ,*>act]s ,t ,ar\se ! ,spectator's ,sympa?y ,ea* h]o mu/ h 8 opposite1 z ea* great cause mu/ h its protagoni/ & antagoni/4 ,inde$1 z we h se51 x is ?is w>f>e t makes all drama possible4 ,b x w n d to glorify ! do] ( evil de$s & ?us corrupt ! sympa?ies ( ! spectators4 ,! h]o & n ! villa9 mu/ sw+ ! sympa?ies ( ^? :o see4 ,be c]ta91 !re=e1 t pity =1 & ev5 sympa?y )1 a wrong-do] is n magnifi$1 ?r\gh ! action ( y\r play1 into admiration by ! onlook]s1 = 9 ! photoplay z 9 ! legitimate drama ! lead+ "* may be a great (f5d]4 ,?is way dang] lies1 h[ev]1 & y mu/ walk ) extreme caution1 or ! c5sors w cat* y--if y don't wat* out6--to say no?+ ( ! la%+s ( y\r own consci5ce4 ,)\t repeat+ :at 0 said 9 ,*apt] ,,xvi reg>d+ ! introduction ( crime into film /ories1 we w\ld impress ^u ! photoplaywright ! necessity = always hav+ a fully suffici5t1 ?\gh n necess>ily a morally ju/ifiable1 motive = any crime t is introduc$ 9 a /ory2 besides1 ! introduction ( a crime mu/ be necess>y to ! action & n a m]e spectacul> sc5e4 ,b rememb] t x is n suffici5t to avoid crime )\t motive2 ! motive mu/ be "o :i* w1 aft] ! crime has be5 committ$1 leave no d\bt 9 ! m9d ( ! spectator t ! crime 0 virtually inevitable1 if n absolutely unavoidable4 ,if x is ! h]o ( ! /ory :o commits ! crime1 ! v greate/ c>e mu/ be tak5 to %[ t he _h a really p[]ful motive = 8 act1 if he is to h ! sympa?y--?\gh n ! approval--( ! audi5ce aft] yield+ to temptation4#bi ,?is1 ( c\rse1 does n ref] to de$s ( viol5ce :i* are really n only excusable b actually "r1 9 ! circum/ances--l ! kill+ ( an attack+ desp]ado 9 self-def5se4 ,footnote #bi3 ,to make ?is basic motive cle>1 natural & un=c$ is :at we call good motivation 9 fiction & drama4 ,z an example ( ! po9t we are try+ to emphasize1 take a /ory l ,! ,bells1 ! play 9 :i* ,sir ,h5ry ,irv+ appe>$ s (t54 ,ma?ias ! innkeep]1 :o lat] became ! ,burgoma/]1 0 a "*1 :o1 by reason ( ,irv+'s sup]b art1 won & held ! sympa?ies ( ! audi5ce f ! />t4 ,yet aft] ,ma?ias _h murd]$ ! ,poli% ,jew & robb$ him ( 8 belt ( gold1 ev5 ! art ( ,irv+ c\ld n h made u sympa?ize ) ! "* _h we n be5 %[n t ,ma?ias 0 urg$ on to 8 crime--a crime = :i* he 0 con/antly tortur$ ev] aft]w>d1 & :i* occasion$ 8 tragic dea?--by two v compell+ motives4 ,8 prim>y motive 0 ! urg5t ne$ ( money4 ,b he _h a two-fold ne$ ( money3 he _h be5 notifi$ by ! l&lord t he mu/ pay 8 ov]-due r5t or be turn$ out ( 8 home2 & he _h be5 told by ! doctor t unless he c\ld imm$iately remove 8 sick wife to a mild] climate %e w\ld c]ta9ly die4 ,?us1 impell$ by ! ?\ght t only by ! spe$y acquisition ( suffici5t money c\ld he hope to save ! life ( 8 wife1 he commits ! de$ :i* he w\ld nev] h committ$ _h 8 only motive be5 ! necessity = rais+ money to pay ! r5t4 ,ma?ias 0 e/eem$ by 8 neighbors z an hone/ man2 he 0 a man ^: consci5ce smote him t]ribly :5 he 0 contemplat+ ! murd] ( ! ,jew2 & aft] ! crime _h be5 committ$--fifte5 ye>s lat]1 9 fact--t same guilty consci5ce1 wrack+ 8 v s\l1 drove him on to 8 dea?4 ,%akespe>e's ,macbe? is a "* ) :om we are =c$ to sympa?ize measurably1 because we "k t he is n naturally a crim9al4 ,yet1 aft] all1 ,macbe? is a man :o--z ,pr(essor ,pi]ce has po9t$ out--has be5 re/ra9$ 9 ! /raight pa? ( an upright life only by 8 respect = conv5tions4 ,ma?ias1 on ! o!r h&1 is n held 9 *eck by conv5tions2 he is ess5tially an hone/ man4 ,he commits a crime1 b :at /rong] motive c\ld a man h ?an ! "o t drove him on to its commission8 ,& yet--& ?is is ! mi/ake t we wi% to po9t out to ! "y writ]--sev5 ye>s ago a c]ta9 company releas$ ,! ,bells z a two-"p subject1 9 :i*1 accord+ to ! synopsis publi%$ 9 ! trade j\rnals1 ,ma?ias's only motive = committ+ ! mo/ dete/able ( all crimes 0 t he 0 beh9d 9 8 r5t6 ,ev5 ! magaz9e t gave 9 fiction =m ! /ory ( ! picture fail$ to m5tion :at is br\ght out s /rongly 9 ! play--! innkeep]'s di/ress at ! ?\ght t 8 wife's life dep5d$ ^u 8 be+ able to raise ! money to s5d h] to ! s\? ( ,france )\t delay4 ,! au?or m5tion$ t ,ma?ias _h a sick wife1 b t 0 all4 ,! :ole treatm5t ( ! /ory 9 fiction =m1 moreov]1 0 f>cical1 su* names z ,mr4 ,p>k] be+ int]m+l$ ) ^? ( ! well-kn[n *>act]s1 ,ma?ias1 ,*ri/ian1 & ,annette1 :ile ! weal?y1 dignifi$ ,poli% ,jew 0 turn$ into a typical ,ea/-side clo?+ m]*ant4 ,! real fault lay ) ! produc] :o1 ignor+ ! great & press+ necessity t prompt$ ,ma?ias's crime1 g>bl$ ! orig9al plot to ! ext5t ( all[+ ! innkeep] to murd] ! ,jew because 7accord+ to ! fiction-v]sion 9 ! magaz9e7 he ne$$ "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five doll>s to pay ! r5t6 ,fir/1 la/1 & all ! "t y mu/ rememb] t y\r /ory is n a good /ory if ! lead+ "* is n1 at all times1 des]v+ ( ! spectator's sympa?y1 ev5 :5 8 action is n wor?y ( approval4 ,x is a matt] = real regret to h to be compell$ to /ate t1 9 spite ( ! _m arti/ic advances made 9 motion-picture production dur+ ! pa/ six or sev5 ye>s1 ?is mo/ important po9t 0 delib]ately ov]look$ :5 ! ,pa! ,company made its v f9e feature-production ( ,! ,bells 9 ! ,fall ( #aiah4 ,we say delib]ately ov]look$ because ! writ] :o prep>$ ! sc5>io = ?is mod]n five-reel v]sion _h ! same opportunity z _h ! sc5>ioi/ :o made ! o!r adaptation1 ye>s ago1 to read ! orig9al /age-play & to introduce ?is mo/ compell+ motive = ,ma?ias's crime4 ,if any?+1 ! fault is m gl>+ 9 ! ,pa! production ?an 9 ! old] picture1 = ! wife is %[n z a woman 9 app>5tly p]fect heal?1 al?\gh naturally worri$ by ! fact t h] husb&'s inability to raise ! requir$ am\nt ( money may result 9 _! los+ bo? _! home & _! means ( livelihood4 ,all ! f9e act+ ( ,mr4 ,frank ,ke5an z ,ma?ias1 & all ! wond]ful sc5ic & light+ effects1 7 n suffici5t to make u lose sight ( ! fact t ! ones responsible = ! picture's production _h n giv5 prop] ?\ght to ! necessity = %[+ t ! innkeep] _h an unusually compell+ motive = tak+ ! life ( & !n robb+ 8 gue/4 ,&1 make no mi/ake1 no matt] h[ f9e ! production may be 9 o!r respects1 ?is sort ( ?+ is n ov]look$ by ! intellig5t1 "r-m9d$ spectator ( ! photoplay4 #i4 ,! ,!me & ! ,m>ket ,) reg>d to :at are kn[n z co/ume plays--& :at we say is int5d$ to apply to orig9al /ories1 s9ce x is nev] wise to attempt an adaptation ( a popul> book or play1 ev5 ?\gh y are arm$ ) ! "r to d s1 unless y h previ\sly tak5 ! matt] up ) "s produc+ company--!re is1 p]haps1 z 0 po9t$ out 9 ,*apt] ,,xv1 twice z mu* *ance to sell su* /ories z !re 0 a few ye>s ago1 s9ce today e company is do+ ?+s 9 a mu* bigg] way ?an 9 =m] ye>s4 ,b ?is mu/ n be con/ru$ z mean+ t ! diff]5t companies are simply look+ ab\t = new ways to sp5d money4 ,on ! contr>y1 economy--s5sible economy--is becom+ m & m ! keynote ( film production4 ,9 e dep>tm5t1 unnecess>y exp5se is done away )4 ,?is applies to bo? ! pur*as+ & ! produc+ ( photoplays4 ,bett] prices are be+ paid1 yes2 b /ories call+ = :at appe>s to be unnecess>ily exp5sive sett+s or co/um+ are usually reject$4 ,t is :y y may re/ assur$ t no co/ume plays w sell unless !y h a /rong & unusual /ory back ( !m4 ,aga91 by co/ume plays we mean /ories rang+ all ! way f ,bible times d[n to ,am]ican ,civil ,w> times4 ,:at is reg>d$ by ! editor z a co/ume play1 also1 may n be :olly t2 x may be a /ory 9 :i* only a few ( ! sc5es are laid 9 a pa/ age1 z :51 9 ! ,p>am\nt production ( ,! ,devil ,/one1 ! h]o9e1 9 a s]ies ( visions1 sees h]self z ! wick$ ,norse que5 ( c5turies be=e1 & le>ns h[ ! fatal em]ald fir/ came into h] possession4 ,!re is absolutely no way ( kn[+ :at company w be mo/ likely to buy a s-call$ co/ume play4 ,if y hone/ly believe t y h ! mat]ial = an unusual /ory call+ = sett+s or co/umes ( o!r days--or ev5 ( our own day b ( =eign l&s--g ahead & write a compreh5sive synopsis ( x4 ,if y s5d x to a company :i* asks = synopses only1 y w be play+ safe :e!r x int]e/s !m or n4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 y plan to submit x to a conc]n :i* likes to pass on a full script1 ) bo? synopsis & sc5>io1 y c s5d 9 ! synopsis alone & expla9 t if !y are at all int]e/$ 9 t1 y w submit ! cont9uity ( action4 ,z might be expect$1 /ories ( ?is k9d are usually writt5 9 ! /udio1 because ! /aff-writ] has ! opportunity ( f9d+ out j :5 & :]e ! picture c be made1 :at types ( male & female play]s w be able to take "p 9 x1 & :at special effects he may include4 ,/ill1 to repeat1 _m ( ! b>s aga9/ co/ume plays & /ories call+ = =eign & o!r h>d-to-get sett+s h be5 tak5 d[n 9 ! la/ ye> or two2 b ! dem& = only /rong1 int]e/+ /ories is m insi/5t ?an ev]1 & y mu/ /ill obs]ve ! rule--:i*1 x may be add$1 w nev] *ange--( acquir+ a ?or\gh k ( ! diff]5t m>kets if y wi% to sell y\r /uff regul>ly & to ! be/ advantage4 ,!mes6 ,!y are ev]y:]e4 ,! pa!tic1 ! tragic1 ! humor\s--c\ntless admirable photoplays are to be drawn f ^! s\rces4 ,& ! mo/ enc\rag+ ?\ght is ?is3 ,giv5 ! same basic idea = a plot1 no two p w "w x out 9 exactly ! same way4 ,individuality w make a diff]5ce4 ,happ9ess1 z ,mr4 ,floyd ,hamilton ,haz>d has said1 does n always mean ! same ?+ to ev]ybody4 ,x means _m diff]5t ?+s to diff]5t p4 ,x is a !me ^u :i* _m v>i$ tunes c be play$4 ,9 conclusion1 we quote & w>mly endorse ?is advice f ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,hoagl&1 c5sor ( photoplays = ,pa! ,fr]es4 ,select = y\r !me an idea :i* embodies good ?+s4 ,avoid any?+ co>se or sugge/ive4 ,make y\r /ories clean1 :olesome1 happy--a da9ty love /ory1 a romantic adv5ture1 a de$ glori\sly accompli%$1 a lesson well le>n$1 an act ( *>ity repaid--any?+ ( a dramatic nature :i* is z hone/ z daylight4 ,good de$s are j z dramatic z wick$ de$s1 & clean com$y is f> & away m humor\s ?an co>s5ess4 ,keep away f sc5es ( brutality1 deg5]acy1 idiocy or any?+ :i* may br+ a poignant pang ( sorr[ to "s "o ( ! millions ( p :o w see y\r /ory 9 ! pictures1 unless ! pang w be "o ( remorse = a bad de$ done or a good de$ left undone4 ,9 a ^w1 help ! film-mak]s produce films :i* w help ^? :o see !m1 & make ! :ole _w a little bett] = y\r "w4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,com$y ,let x be rememb]$ t ! l9es ( division betwe5 ! sev]al sorts ( com$y are n %>ply def9$1 = "o (t5 ov]laps ! o!r2 nor is a rigid adh]5ce to type insi/$ ^u by ei!r playwright or public--= example1 on ! regul> /age we h f>ce-com$y1 & o!r hybrids4 #a4 ,types ( ,humor\s ,plays ,di/+ui%$ ,com$y1 /rictly1 is a light]1 m ref9$1 type ( humor ?an f>ce4 ,x deals ) ^? amus+ situations :i* d1 or may1 happ5 e day1 )\t ! introduction ( ! extravagant & ! unnatural4 ,true com$y is di/9ctly probable4 ,its humor is ! humor ( reality1 h[ev] laughable x may be4 ,x may press humor to an extreme1 b t extreme mu/ nev] /ra9 our cr$ulity4 ,f>ce is ess5tially extreme4 ,x deals ) ! absurd1 ! ridicul\s1 n ) ! physically impossible4 ,?\gh n 9 itself probable1 all its actions proce$ j z ?\gh ! basis on :i* x is work$ out 7 probable4 ,to illu/rate bo? types1 we may recall an extremely humor\s com$y situation :i* 0 work$ out by ,miss ,may ,irw9 "s ye>s ago 9 ,! ,swell ,miss ,fitzwell4 ,"o ( ! *>act]s _h conspir$ ) a physician to deceive ! =m]'s wife by pret5d+ to break 8 leg4 ,z a matt] ( fact he tumbles d[n /airs ) an awful clatt] & ! leg is actually brok54 ,! doctor comes 91 accord+ to ! s*eme1 &1 n kn[+ t ! leg is brok51 beg9s to twi/ x ) f9e pr(essional vigor4 ,! victim h[ls & prote/s t he is 9 agony1 b ! doctor m]ely :isp]s 9 a *e]ful aside1 ,keep x up1 y are play+ y\r "p beautifully6 ,& s ! play goes on4 ,all ?is might easily h happ5$ 9 real life1 & ! audi5ce is tickl$--n to see a man app>5tly suff]1 b at ! humor ( ! bit] be+ bit4 ,! v incongruity is ! f\ndation ( ! humor--incongruity1 m+l$ ) surprise4 ,b f>ce w\ld n be cont5t ) twi/+ ! leg1 x w\ld g to any absurd extreme imag9able4 ,suppose1 = example1 t ! doctor's twi/+ ( ! victim's leg %\ld s enrage him t he w\ld leap ^u ! doctor & bite ! tortur]'s leg 9 ! mann] ( a dog4 ,! wife1 com+ 91 might ?9k t h] husb& _h hydrophobia1 & a :ole tra9 ( f>cical results might foll[4 ,we h all se5 unnatural yet upro>i\sly funny situations to :i* su* a complication might lead 9 f>ce4 ,burlesque takes a well-kn[n & (t5 a s]i\s subject & hits (f its sali5t po9ts 9 an upro>i\s mann]4 ,"o might burlesque ,hamlet by caus+ a r$-nos$ ,pr9ce ( ,d5m>k to d a juggl+ act ) poor ,yorick's skull4 ,extravaganza deals ) ! unnatural & ! impossible4 ,! sup]-human antics ( ! acrobatic buffoons 9 ,hanlon's p]5nial ,sup]ba1 & ^? ( ! ,byrne ,bro!rs 9 ,eight ,bells1 are famili> examples4 #b4 ,com$y a ,difficult ,art ,a writ] 9 "o ( ! photoplay j\rnals1 advis+ writ]s :o are /ruggl+ to succe$1 concludes by admoni%+ !m ei!r to avoid /ories :i* because ( prohibit$ !mes are likely to make !m unpopul> ) editors1 or else to try com$ies4 ,x may be t ?is writ] is "o ( ^? :o h nev] tri$ to write com$y scripts1 or possibly he is "o ( ! favor$ few :o h a special tal5t = humor4 ,:i*ev] may be ! case1 not)/&+ ?is well-meant advice1 ! tru? is t ! ?or\ghly effective com$y script is ! h>de/ ( all to produce1 & ?is is prov$ by ! fact t1 no matt] h[ _m manufactur]s ann\nce t !y w n be able to use any m ,we/]n1 slum life1 or w> /ories = "s "t to come1 !y nev] decl>e t !y are ov]-/ock$ ) good com$y scripts4 ,!re is always a m>ket = a f9e1 clean com$y4 #c4 ,com$y ,requires a ,full ,treatm5t ,b sup]ior com$y scripts1 we insi/1 are h>d to write4 ,"o ( ! less obvi\s reasons is t !re are g5]ally ab\t twice z _m sc5es 9 a com$y script z 9 any k9d ( dramatic /ory4 ,?is does n mean1 ( c\rse1 t ! com$y script is h>d to write m]ely because x takes long] to write x4 ,! labor exp5d$ on its me*anical prep>ation is trivial comp>$ to ! bra9-"w necess>y to ! build+ ( a /ory :i*1 :ile hav+ almo/ d\ble ! usual numb] ( sc5es1 mu/ /ill display lively action1 logical sequ5ce1 & conv9c+ 7:i* 9 ! case ( com$y means probable7 situations f beg9n+ to end4 ,especially 9 com$y mu/ ea* sc5e tell2 h5ce !re c be no excuse = writ+ 9 a numb] ( sc5es :i* h no dramatic value :atev]1 = t is palpable padd+4 ,true1 y may h se5 _m com$y subjects 9 :i* "o or two fairly good ideas 7 /ret*$ out until y c\ld almo/ picture ! director kneel+ 9 front ( ! cam]a1 /op-wat* 9 h& & megaphone at lips1 we>ily plead+3 ,g+] up6 ,"w fa/6 ,x w soon be ov]4 ,un=tunately1 !re h be5 _m su* funny plays1 & !re w be m1 = ! "r k9d ( com$y is n to be _h = ! ask+4 ,! numb] ( sc5es 9 a com$y photoplay arises f ! necessity t ! action be brisk1 sc5e foll[ sc5e rapidly1 & ! :ole be play$ f a full ?ird to a half fa/] ?an is ! case 9 a dramatic subject4 ,to say t com$y requires a full] script-treatm5t ?an is ne$$ = a dramatic subject does n mean t 9 writ+ com$y scripts y %\ld write 9 l9e aft] l9e ( action t w\ld only be useful to give ! director a few details :i* he c\ld v well ?9k ( himself4 ,no matt] :at "p ( ! script y are writ+1 be con/antly on ! al]t to avoid includ+ non-ess5tial details4 ,take pa9s1 ( c\rse1 to %[ ! director j :at bit ( by-play x is t is responsible = a c]ta9 situation t w get a laugh1 b d n be v]bose1 & d n g into tiresome details4 ,x is a v easy matt]1 = a writ] fir$ ) en?usiasm1 to ov]write4 #d4 ,l5g? ( ,com$y ,photoplays ,seem+ly1 ! day ( ! split-reel com$y is pa/4 ,a few ye>s ago1 :5 "o ?\s& feet 0 consid]$ ! prop] l5g? = ! av]age dramatic subject1 a full-reel com$y 0 ! exception4 ,!y ran f f\r hundr$ to six hundr$ feet1 ! rema9d] ( ! reel be+ tak5 up ) a sc5ic or o!r educational subject4 ,?us we _h :at came to be kn[n z split reels1 z we h previ\sly expla9$4 ,today1 ev5 ! slap-/ick com$ies are produc$ 9 n less ?an "o full reel1 & !y usually run to two reels4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are "o or two com$y-produc+ companies :i* adh]e to ! s+le-reel l5g? = _! light com$ies ( dome/ic life4 ,f> m ?an 9 writ+ dramatic scripts1 y mu/ be guid$ 9 decid+ ! l5g? ( y\r com$y photoplay by ! company to :i* y are submitt+4 ,?is entails tak+ a *ance z to :e!r y sell at all or n1 9 ! ev5t ( y\r /ory's n be+ suitable = ! m>ket at :i* y h aim$ x4 ,= example1 ^? writ]s :o h bo? sold to & _h scripts reject$ by ! editor :o looks aft] ! wants ( su* a com$y team z ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,sidney ,drew "k t if a script does come back f !m x is seldom placable any:]e else4 ,= m>kets su* z ?is1 ! fact t a synopsis only is usually call$ = is a real b5efit to ! writ]1 sav+ him mu* "t & disappo9tm5t 9 ! ev5t ( non-acceptance4 ,ano!r ?+ t exp]i5c$ writ]s "k is t c]ta9 ( ! l>g] produc]s ( slap-/ick com$y are n 9 ! m>ket = outside mat]ial4 ,aft] be+ delug$ ) all k9ds ( com$y /ories = ye>s1 ! ,key/one ,company f9ally f\nd x necess>y to ann\nce t no?+ c\ld be consid]$ f free-lance writ]s1 on acc\nt ( ! peculi> nature ( ! com$ies produc$ by !m & ! necessity ( hav+ !m writt5 by inside writ]s :o 7 famili> ) ! /udio1 its play]s1 & ! surr\nd+ possible locations4 ,?us1 9 its way1 ! m>ket = com$y scripts or synopses is m or less limit$1 & yet !re is1 z has be5 said1 a good dem& = fir/-class humor\s /ories = ! scre54 ,"o important rule to keep 9 m9d is t !y %\ld be1 9 e case1 j z long z1 b no long] ?an1 ! idea t is back ( !m4 ,y mu/ nev] pad a com$y plot1 or ev5 a com$y idea2 to d s is fatal to ! atta9m5t ( arti/ically p]fect results1 if n to its acceptance by ! editor4 ,9 writ+ dramatic /ories1 on ! o!r h&1 m fre$om is all[$4 ,to be sure1 "h padd+ is bad also1 b 9 a dramatic subject ! c5tral idea is almo/ always big en\gh to ju/ify "o ( ! sev]al l5g?s to :i* scre5 dramas n[ run2 b1 l>gely because com$y action is play$ s mu* fa/] ?an dramatic action1 y mu/ firmly refuse to all[ y\rself to exp& a humor\s /ory by ev5 s little z a s+le sc5e beyond its logical & natural end4 ,com$y ideas1 p]haps m ?an any o!rs1 %\ld be c>efully classifi$1 & 9 classify+ y %\ld try to det]m9e1 f ! v fir/1 ! l5g? to :i* t p>ticul> /ory ought to run4 ,hav+ once arriv$ at y\r decision1 keep to x4 ,x is quality--clev] situations & funny action--& n quantity t c\nts 9 ! writ+ ( humor\s photoplays4 ,mo/ ( ! good com$y !mes h be5 work$ ov] s (t51 ei!r by ! au?ors !mselves or by ! director1 t x requires consid]able skill to give !m t mu*-desir$ new twi/#cj t is necess>y to make !m acceptable4 ,9 ! writ+ ( dramatic photoplays1 a ^w or two w (t5 sugge/ ! necess>y bus9ess ( a c]ta9 "*1 b 9 com$y x is especially important t e action1 e bit ( by-play1 %\ld be made to c\nt2 & = t reason x is necess>y to give ea* sc5e a mu* full] treatm5t 9 ! script ?an w\ld be necess>y 9 describ+ dramatic action4 ,footnote #cj3 ,treat$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xix4 #e4 ,classes ( ,photoplay ,com$y & ,_! ,requirem5ts ,:ile ! writt5-&-spok5 drama recognizes n only ! f\r major types ( humor\s plays already ref]r$ to1 b sev]al sub-types 9 addition1 !re are only ?ree g5]al classes "u :i* humor\s photoplays are usually gr\p$3 7a7 ,com$y-,drama1 7b7 ,light-,com$y & 7c7 ,f>ce4 ,( ! com$ies1 two k9ds are 9 almo/ con/ant dem&--! com$y ( society life1 & ! com$y ( ev]yday life1 ) special emphasis ^u dome/ic sc5es4 ,9 treatm5t1 ^! two k9ds may be ca/ 9 any ( ! ?ree =ego+ =ms1 b usually !y w adh]e to ! pr9ciple ( com$y1 ev5 :5 !y may v]ge on f>ce1 or take on c]ta9 aspects ( ! m int5se dramatic tone4 ,:5 writ+ photoplay com$ies1 rememb] always t com$y ( action is m important ?an com$y ( idea4 ,t is1 x is n en\gh t y "w up to a funny climax1 b ! action lead+ up to ! climax mu/ be funny z well4 ,a humor\s idea und]ly+ y\r com$y is good1 b unless ?is idea is con/antly work$ out ?r\gh humor\s action1 ! effect is l>gely lo/ by its be+ too subdu$4 ,9 fact1 ! photo-com$y _c be purely ! com$y ( idea4 ,on ! regul> /age1 mo/ light-com$ies succe$ by reason ( ! bright & humor\s dialogue :i* ! au?or puts into ! m\?s ( ! play]s4 ,funny bus9ess1 & ! by-play ( ! play]s1 help1 ( c\rse1 b ! humor\s l9es ( ! piece are dep5d$ ^u to make x a success4 ,x is j ! opposite 9 photoplay2 dialogue 7unless cut-9 lead]s1 tak+ ! =m ( a spee* made by "o ( ! *>act]s1 may be call$ dialogue7 is entirely abs5t1 & humor\s action & funny situations mu/ take its place4 ,! requirem5ts ( a com$y script are v def9itely cov]$ by ,mr4 ,s>g5t 9 ! foll[+1 tak5 f 8 dep>tm5t 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w3 ,9 photoplay 444 ! majority ( ! sc5es mu/ ea* h its own com$y action :ile ! n>rative is advanc$1 & x is "h t ! av]age writ] ( com$y falls %ort4 ,if a sc5e is n naturally funny1 put "s humor into x4 ,d n =ce ! com$y action1 b inv5t some?+ t is g]mane to ! plot & natural to ! situation4 ,if y c d ?is y c write com$y1 b until y c get a laugh 9 e sc5e y are n writ+ com$y1 no matt] h[ funny ! c5tral idea may be4 ,z a rule ! c5tral idea furni%es ! com$y = only "o sc5e2 n = ! entire play4 ,9 com$y y mu/ play fa/]1 "w h>d]1 & /rive con/antly = ! natural1 un=c$ laughs4 ,& rememb] t ! editors g to vaudeville %[s1 ! same z y d4 ,!y "k ! old sket*es & ! :isk]$ jokes4 ,if !y want$ !m !y w\ld write !m !mselves4 ,! success ( a com$y composition lies fundam5tally 9 ! novelty ( its plot1 or 9 "s new & int]e/+ phase ( an old situation2 x prosp]s 9 proportion to its int]e/-hold+ qualities1 its natural logic1 its probability1 & ! con/ant humor ( ! individual sc5es & situations4 ,!re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 com$y & comic pictures1 & ! diff]5ce lies *iefly 9 t com$y dep5ds l>gely = its humor on ! clev]ness display$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! plot1 :]eas ! comic picture is usually m]ely a s]ies ( funny situations aris+ f "o basic situation1 b hav+ little or no plot4 ,9 ! comic1 ! sc5es are loosely connect$1 :ile ! humor ( ! picture dep5ds ^u ! upro>i\s fun 9 ea* sc5e4 ,^! comic pictures1 usually ( ! slap-/ick v>iety1 w\ld naturally be class$ z f>ces2 b ev5 9 photoplay x is possible to produce a bett] & m natural br& ( f>ce ?an t :i* dep5ds = its humor ^u ! silly antics ( diff]5t *>act]s 9 a s]ies ( loosely connect$ sc5es1 :i* h no logical or consi/5t plot4 ,!re is /eady dem& = ! unusual & g5u9ely humor\s light com$y--by :i* is meant ! k9d ( photo-com$ies t approximate ! legitimate plays usually employ$ z vehicles by ,mr4 ,john ,drew & ,mr4 ,cyril ,maude4 ,!y may treat ( society1 ( bus9ess life1 or ( life 9 ! home1 b on acc\nt ( ! light1 airy1 & subtly humor\s way 9 :i* ! situations are develop$ !y take f> high] arti/ic rank ?an may be accord$ to f>ce4 ,!re is also a good dem& = com$y-dramas 9 :i* !re is a /rict reg>d = dramatic values 9 h&l+ ! diff]5t sc5es1 & 9 foll[+ out ! plot1 :i* has its s]i\s elem5ts1 b 9 :i* ! com$y-elem5t rema9s com$y f fir/ to la/4 ,! dome/ic com$ies produc$ by ,metro1 featur+ ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,sidney ,drew1 ( :i* we h already spok51 are s well kn[n1 & ^! arti/s are s univ]sally popul>1 t a ^w or two f ,mr4 ,drew on ! subject ( scre5 com$y %\ld be int]e/+ & in/ructive3 ,com$y is & always w be an amus+ /ory humor\sly told1 says ,mr4 ,drew4 ,if x is a good /ory1 well told1 !n x is a com$y1 b if x has no /ory or _c be told humor\sly1 !n no am\nt ( bol/]+ w ev] make x into a com$y4 ,y may add a lot ( knockab\t & p]haps get an acceptable f>ce1 or y c write 9 s5sation & get trave/y1 b y _c by ^! means *ange ! unfit into com$y1 & ! broad use ( 'com$y' to apply to any?+ int5d$ to be div]t+ is a misuse ( an anci5t & honorable ^w4444 ,to my way ( ?9k+ com$y is fir/ ( all a good /ory4 ,x is a /ory & n m]ely an incid5t or a collection ( incid5ts4 ,!re mu/ be a plot to obta9 & hold ! int]e/4 ,?is plot does n necess>ily require pr(\nd dep?s1 b !re mu/ be a di/9ct & cle>ly def9$ objective ^u :i* ! int]e/ may be c5tr$1 & ! int]e/ mu/ arise f m5tal processes & n f m]e me*anical appeal4444 ,humor\s action does n mean gross horseplay4 ,! action itself may n always be m>k$ to be amus+4 ,to take a crude illu/ration1 suppose t a "* 9 ! /ory is ab\t to ?ra% 8 anci5t enemy4 ,he feels s c]ta9 ( victory t he bribes ! policeman on ! beat n to int]f]e4 ,n[ he goes to ! field ( battle & unexpect$ly gets ! wor/ ( x4 ,he is ! fir/ to call = ! police1 & ! sc5e fla%es betwe5 ! suborn$ (fic] placidly smil+ at ! s\nds ( ! affray & nev] dream+ t x is 8 patron :o is call+ = aid4 ,!re is no?+ humor\s 9 ! spectacle ( a policeman on a /reet corn]4 ,9 a com$y ( incid5t he w\ld h to suff] indignity to get a laugh4 ,9 ! com$y ) a plot1 ! plot makes ! action humor\s4 ,we are n1 9 reality1 laugh+ at ! policeman4 ,he is m]ely ! symbol ( ! idea4 ,we are laugh+ at ! pr$icam5t into :i* our h]o has ?ru/ himself4 ,x is ?is ?\ght1 & n ! sight ( ! policeman1 at :i* we laugh4 ,! policeman m]ely /&s = ! ?\ght1 yet x is humor\s action )9 my mean+ ( ! t]m 9 t ! policeman repres5ts ! ?\ght4 ,9 our own com$ies ,mrs4 ,drew & ,i seek to appeal to ! m9d z well z to ! eye1 b to appeal to ! m9d ?r\gh ! eye4 ,we value ! advantage ( brightly-writt5 sub-titles1 b believe t ^! %\ld supplem5t & n replace ! com$y 9 ! action4 ,! clev] lead] may ei!r prep>e = ! com$y-situation or may foll[ & int5sify x1 b x is always an accessory & n ! *ief aim4 ,x is absurd to talk ( ! lead] z an intrusion to be avoid$4 ,x %\ld be avoid$ only :5 x really is an intrusion4 ,! clev]ness ( an au?or displays itself 9 ! exp]tness ) :i* he h&les lead]s r ?an 9 8 skill 9 avoid+ !m4#ca ,footnote #ca3 ,sidney ,drew1 ,com$y ,picture ,production1 9 ,! ,mov+ ,picture ,_w4 #f4 ,g5]al ,advice ,x is mo/ important t1 hav+ />t$ to write a f>ce1 = in/ance1 y keep x a f>ce ?r\gh\t4 ,"o fault ( _m amateur scripts is t !y %[ a t5d5cy to be a little ( ev]y?+4 ,a /rong emotional drama may--ev5 %\ld--h its com$y relief1 b x is a v unwise ?+ to introduce a note ( trag$y into a f>ce or ev5 into a /raight com$y composition4 ,at ?is po9t x w n be out ( place to say a few words 9 connection ) ?is matt] ( com$y relief1 ( :i* we h j spok51 z us$ 9 writ+ dramatic /ories4 ,! ov]-use ( com$y relief1 s call$1 is mo/ly due to misguid$ directors :o h se5 ! success att5d+ its introduction by prom95t directors :o really und]/ood h[ & :5 to use x4 ,a dep>tm5tal writ] 9 ! ,motion ,picture ,news1 speak+ ( ! small army ( directors :o work$ ) ,griffi?1 says3 ,probably ! mo/ obvi\s ( all ! blund]s made by ! m5 :o seek to emulate ! wond]ful "w ( ,griffi? is _! introduction ( com$y1 *iefly ?r\gh ! m$ium ( dome/ic animals1 :5 !y are =c$ to /op ! action ( _! /ory to d s4 ,griffi?'s com$y is always spontane\s1 incid5tal--x seems to h be5 inspir$ at ! mom5t & runs 9 z "p ( ! ma9 action4 ,! com$y ( ! m5 ':o work$ ) ,griffi?1' :ile p]haps inspir$ at ! mom5t1 rises n f ! situations ( ! /ory b f ! contemplative m9d ( ! director himself4 ,?is is ! g5]al rule1 at any rate4 ,!re are exceptions1 ( c\rse1 & notable ones1 too1 b t all-p[]ful motif ( 'com$y relief' (t5 gets ! bett] ( ! director's judgm5t & results 9 a product t is s unbalanc$ t mu* ( ! illusion is de/roy$4 ,9 fact1 com$y relief is a difficult elem5t to ga94 ,x %\ld always be purely incid5tal1 un=c$1 aris+ f "s major situation1 & s creat+ ! desir$ contra/4 ,:5 x is obvi\sly s\ght aft] & introduc$ )\t reg>d = its suitability x is n com$y relief b com$y-out-(-place4 ,s9ce ?is1 l ! ov]-use ( ! close-up1 is some?+ = :i* directors are l>gely responsible1 x is ! photoplaywright's duty to help by be+ v c>eful ab\t h[ he himself writes 9 com$y int5d$ to light up t5se1 s]i\s1 dramatic action4 ,no matt] :at class ( humor\s photoplay y may be writ+1 y mu/ keep 9 m9d :at we enl>g$ ^u 9 ,*apt] ,,xvi3 ,no?+ is funny t (f5ds aga9/ good ta/e1 or t1 9 any way1 causes pa9 to any numb] ( ! spectators4 ,com$y1 to be wor?y ( appreciation1 mu/ always be good-natur$4 ,national types z c>icatur$ by _m com$ians ) ! aid ( ecc5tric co/umes & weird make-ups are usually z f> f be+ real national types z "o c\ld well imag9e4 ,humor mu/ h m ?an m]e extravagance or c>icature = its basis4 ,ev5 9 f>ce & 9 musical com$y1 z well z 9 vaudeville1 ! once famili> gre5-:isk]$ ,iri%man1 ! ,fr5*man :o is all %rugg+ %\ld]s & absurd ge/ures1 ! negro :o walks z if he 7 try+ to take two /eps backw>d = e "o =w>d1 & ^: mo/ noticeable facial feature is an enorm\s m\?1 & ! ,busy ,izzy type ( ,jew1 :o :5 n gett+ robb$ himself1 or be+ o!rwise abus$1 is do+ 8 be/ to defraud o!rs1 are gradually go+ out ( fa%ion4 ,& 9 ! photoplay1 :i* is n[ se5 by all classes ( p & is = all ! p1 racial *>act]i/ics mu/ be treat$ 9 at lea/ a fairly accurate mann]1 & always good-natur$ly4 ,six or sev5 ye>s ago1 m ?an half ! com$ies produc$ 7 bas$ ^u a *ase1 or else dep5d$ l>gely ^u slap-/ick humor to raise a laugh4 ,n a few ( !m _h z _! *ief com$y-incid5t an act ( d[nright cruelty to "s animal1 or ev5 to "s human be+4 ,today1 :5 manufactur]s are vy+ ) ea* o!r to produce bett]1 clean]1 & m univ]sally enjoyable pictures1 ! script t violates ,c5sor%ip rules or /udio e?ics by includ+ any ( ! =ego+ undesirable subjects /&s b little %[ ( rea*+ ! production /age1 if1 inde$--:i* is extremely unlikely--x is accept$ at all4 ,good s5se is at once ! basis ( & ! limit to all humor4 ,he :o lacks a f9e p]ception ( '! diff]5ce betwe5 :at ?+s are & :at !y ought to be1' z ! always-to-be-quot$ ,hazlitt express$ x1 c nev] write humor4 ,all ! way ?r\gh we %all f9d t mir? is a matt] ( relation%ips1 ( %ift1 ( rigidity try+ to be flexible1 ( some?+ %ock$ into some?+ else4 ,let u ?9k ( a circle on :i* f\r po9ts h be5 m>k$3 ,illu/ration3 #e ,! ,s]i\s #a #d ,! ,contemptible #b ,! ,laughable #c ,! ,ridicul\s ,beg9n+ ) a s]i\s idea1 we may swiftly /ep f po9t to po9t until we return to ! s]i\s1 ) only slight v>iations f ! orig9al conception4 ,take ! p]5nial com$y-!me ( ! impi% coll>1 & visualize ! sc5es3 #a4 ,a man />ts to button 8 coll>4 ,no?+ is less comical1 z long z ! op]ation proce$s normally4 #b4 ,b ! button is too l>ge & 8 ef=ts beg9 to exasp]ate him1 ) ! result t 8 expression & movem5ts become incongru\s4 ,we see1 & laugh--?\gh he does n4 #c4 ,he beg9s to hop ar\nd 9 a mad attempt to button ! unbuttonable1 & soon rips (f ! coll>1 address+ x 9 unp>liam5t>y language4 ,he is ludicr\s1 ridicul\s1 absurd4 #d4 ,9 8 rage he viol5tly kicks a pet dog t comes wagg+ up to him4 ,our laught] subsides1 = ! fell[ is m contemptible ?an amus+--a deep] feel+ has be5 born 9 u4 #e4 ,! little dog limps (f ) a brok5 leg--we are no long] amus$1 we are indignant4 ,:at is m1 n only h we gott5 back to ! s]i\s1 b !re is no amusem5t left 9 any ( ! previ\s sc5es4 ,/ill apply+ ! te/ ( ! ext5t ( ! v>iation f ! normal z %[n 9 ! effects1 we conclude t s]i\s consequ5ces kill humor4 ,! m]e idea ( su* consequ5ces1 :5 we "k t 9 ! circum/ances !y are really impossible1 may convulse u ) m]rim5t1 z :5 we see a com$ian jab a long f+] into ! m\? ( 8 teammate & ! latt] *ews x savagely4 ,9 real life ?is might sick5 u ) disgu/--,i say 'might1' because we c easily conceive ( su* a situation's excit+ laught] if ! victim 7 well des]v+ ( ! puni%m5t4 ,x is human = u to laugh :5 ! bit] is bit2 inde$1 v>iations on ?is !me are endless 9 humor\s writ+4 ,sympa?y also kills humor4 ,! mom5t we beg9 to pity ! victim ( a joke--= humor has mu* to d ) victims--our laught] dies away4 ,!re=e ! subject ( ! joke mu/ n be "o = ^: di/ress we feel /rong sympa?y4 ,! ?+ t happ5s to a fop is q diff]5t 9 effect f t :i* affects a sweet old lady4 ,true1 we (t5 laugh at ^?--or at ^? ideas--) :om or ) :i* we are 9 sympa?y1 b 9 su* an in/ance ! ludicr\s = ! mom5t ov]:elms our sympa?y--& sometimes ev5 de/roys x4#cb ,footnote #cb3 ,j4 ,b]g ,es5we9 ,writ+ = ! ,magaz9es2 publi%$ uni=m ) ?is volume 9 ,! ,writ]'s ,libr>y4 ,?is "o ?+ be> especially 9 m9d3 clean com$y is ev5 m ess5tial ?an clean drama4 ,x is s easy1 :5 writ+ humor\s mat]ial1 to g wrong )\t int5d+ x--inde$1 ev5 )\t kn[+ x4 ,"u ! guise ( com$y "s produc]s are responsible = sc5es & situations t manage someh[ or o!r to pass ! c5sors1 :]eas ! same sc5e 9 a dramatic photoplay w\ld n be tol]at$ = a mom5t4 ,b ^! are exceptions4 ,! m>ital relation %\ld be t\*$ ^u only 9 a way :i* admits ( no (f5se be+ tak5 by "r-m9d$ & ref9$ p4 ,real infidelity _h f> bett] be left out ( humor\s photoplays altoge!r4 ,"h m ?an 9 any o!r bran* ( photoplay writ+ y %\ld rememb] t :at m]ely might be tol]at$ on ! regul> /age w\ld nev] d on ! scre54 ,x is well to rememb] also t j z ! ,am]ican public has tir$ ( ! *ase & ! fooli% p[d]1 x has also sick5$ ( ! co>se1 sugge/ive1 & ev5 ! que/ionable subjects t c\ld once be dep5d$ ^u to get a laugh4 ,!re is absolutely no excuse = introduc+ any?+ into a picture today t w\ld (f5d ! good ta/e ( any memb] ( an audi5ce4 ,! local c5sor%ip bo>ds ( "s cities h made !mselves ridicul\s 9 ! eyes ( ?9k+ photoplay patrons1 b ! "w done by ! ,national ,bo>d ( ,c5sors has be5 ! means ( sl[ly & surely caus+ ! l[] class ( photoplay patrons to acquire an appreciation ( good dramatic subjects z well z m ref9$ com$y4 ,x may be said 9 pass+ t n all ! companies produc+ f>cical photoplays or slap-/ick1 z x is g5]ally call$--exclude ! "w ( ! outside writ]4 ,su* firms z d accept outside scripts ( ?is k9d are prep>$ to g ! limit 9 ! matt] ( exp5se 9 ord] to make _! pictures sup]latively funny & unusual 9 ! matt] ( /ag+4 ,! ,pa! com$y1 ,cleopatsy1 featur+ ! fam\s cl[n ,toto1 0 a /rik+ example ( h[ a slap-/ick com$y today is unhesitat+ly giv5 z elaborate & sumptu\s a sc5ic inve/iture z 0 accord$ a few ye>s ago to scre5-v]sions ( ,%akespe>ean or o!r classic plays4 ,! laughs 9 ?is ,pa! production 7 produc$1 pr9cipally1 by ! introduction ( bus9ess & situations t simply c\ld n h happ5$ 9 ! "t ( ,cleopatra1 ,antony & ,caes>4 ,?us we saw traffic policem5 ) _! ,/op & ,g signals 9 ! middle ( ! ,sah>a2 telephones1 *eck books1 motorcycles & automobiles 9 use1 & s on4 ,9 addition1 ! lead]s 7 fill$ ) mod]n bus9ess & o!r slang2 & ! spectacle ( a huge negro wrapp+ ,cleopatsy 9 a mod]n ,axm9/] rug & c>ry+ h] 9 to %[ h] to ,antony 7in/ead (1 z accord+ to hi/ory1 ,caes>7 kept ! spectators 9 a ro> ( laught]4 ,= an orig9ally-work$-out idea su* z ?is !re is ne>ly always a ready m>ket4 ,f9ally1 rememb] t com$y-action %\ld run z smoo?ly z a well-oil$ ma*9e4 ,/>t ) a good1 fre%1 funny idea & !n make ea* sc5e run smoo?ly & logically into ! next4 ,!re are c]ta9 s]ies ( comic pictures 9 ! comic section ( ! newspap]s :i* might well s]ve z y\r models = progressive & logical action4 ,mr4 ,bud ,fi%]'s well-kn[n ,mutt & ,jeff & ,mr4 ,george ,mc,manus's ,br++ ,up ,fa!r s]ies are excell5t examples4 ,p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,mc,manus pictures d we get funny1 logical1 &1 above all1 g5]ally natural--9 ! s5se ( its be+ probable--com$y action4 ,take z an example ! "o :i* is sub-titl$ ,x's a pity ! valet left--he w\ld h be5 su* a nice playmate = ,fa!r4 ,fa!r1 z we "k1 is ! v mu* h5-peck$ husb& ( a socially impossible woman :o holds h] place among ! #djj only by reason ( h] husb&'s weal?4 ,x is ,fa!r's con/ant ambition & det]m9ation to sp5d z mu* ( 8 "t z possible among/ 8 old r\ghneck work+-man pals1 in/ead ( 9 att5d+ 8 wife's receptions & o!r society functions4 ,a sociable companion ( 8 own class is :at he con/antly seeks4 ,9 ?is picture !re are1 z is usual 9 ! ,sunday supplem5ts1 twelve sc5es4 ,! action ( ! picture may be r\ghly synopsiz$ z foll[s3 ,sc5e #a4 ,mrs4 ,jiggs introduces ,mr4 ,jiggs--,fa!r--to ! new1 & v ,engli%1 valet--:o wait$ on ,c\nt de ,miles until he di$4 ,to :i* ,fa!r 7possible sub-title7 replies3 ,no wond] he di$6 ,sc5e #b4 ,! butl]1 9 ,fa!r's room1 ann\nces t he ?9ks he'll l ! job & t ,fa!r won't f9d him h>d to please4 ,sc5e #c4 ,%[s ,fa!r mak+ a critical inspection ( ! /atue-l valet1 & mutt]+ t 8 folks mu/ h be5 fond ( *ildr51 to raise him6 ,sc5e #d4 ,%[s ,fa!r glanc+ up at a %ield & "s anci5t battle-clubs1 spe>s & axes1 hung on ! wall4 ,we c easily guess :at is pass+ 9 8 m9d4 ,sc5e #e4 ,fa!r takes ! valet ov] to ! w9d[ & /&s him fac+ out1 say+ t he wi%es to %[ him ! wond]ful view4 ,beh9d 8 back ,fa!r holds "o ( ! w>-clubs4 ,sc5e #f4 ,z ! valet gazes out ( ! w9d[1 ,fa!r sw+s ! club upw>d1 prep>+ = a mighty bl[1 mutt]+ z he does s3 ,x's a duty ,i owe my c\ntry4 ,sc5e #g4 ,j z ,fa!r is ab\t to /rike1 ! valet glances d[n at some?+ on ! corn] ( ! dress]1 & exclaims3 ,ah6 ,a p9o*le deck6 ,my favorite game6 ,to :i* ,fa!r replies3 ,oh6 ,d y play c>ds8 ,sc5e #h4 ,"h !y are 9 ! middle ( an excit+ game1 ,fa!r w9n+ ev]y?+1 ! *ips pil$ high be=e him4 ,! valet asks3 ,w y p>don me8 ,i'll see if ,i c get "s ( my wages 9 advance4 ,sc5e #i4 ,9 ! l[] hallway4 ,%[s ! valet ask+ ,mrs4 ,jiggs = 8 sal>y 9 advance1 add+ t ! c\nt always paid him ahead4 ,sc5e #aj4 ,back 9 ! room up/airs1 ) ,fa!r at ! table1 on :i* are pil$ ! valet's clo!s1 :ile ! con/antly los+ valet plays 8 la/ h& f beh9d a scre54 ,sc5e #aa4 ,%[s ! entrance ( ! butl]1 :o tells ,fa!r t ,mrs4 ,jiggs wi%es to see him at once4 ,sc5e #ab4 ,%[s ! +lori\s dismissal ( ! p9o*le-lov+ valet1 dress$ only 9 ?ree ( ,mrs4 ,jiggs' hat boxes1 ! bottoms ( :i* h be5 knock$ out4 ,:5 ,mrs4 ,jiggs decl>es ,pack y\r ?+s & get out imm$iately--y are fir$6 ! valet answ]s gloomily3 ,i h no?+ to pack1 ,madam6 ,?is1 al?\gh m]ely an idea drawn out into a doz5 pictures1 is ! sort t might easily be made ! f\ndation = a laughable %ort com$y4 ,b>r+ ! fact t "o or two ( ! sc5es are play$ 7s to speak7 9 ! same sett+1 ) no lead] or o!r sc5e sep>at+ !m--z w\ld be ! case 9 photoplay--?is newspap] funny is mu* bett] put toge!r1 mu* m logical1 & is j ab\t ! same numb] ( sc5es z 7 _m ( ! split-reel com$ies ( a few ye>s ago4 ,almo/ all ( ! m popul> comic s]ies 9 ! newspap]s1 9 fact1 may be /udi$ ) pr(it by ! w\ld-be writ] ( scre5 com$ies4 ,!re is action1 & (t5 v funny action1 9 e picture1 & ! plot moves quickly1 logically1 & )\t ! slighte/ sign ( unnecess>y detail or irrelevant action1 to an extremely funny climax1 :i*1 be/ ( all1 is usually a surprise to ! read]4 ,apply ! same work+-pr9ciple to ! writ+ ( humor\s photoplays1 especially ! plan ( hav+ a surprise climax foll[$ by a quick d5\em5t1 & y c h>dly fail to produce a com$y t w cause ! editor to notify y favorably4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,gett+ ,,! ,,new ,,twi/ ,no /ory is an old /ory if y give x a new twi/--a fre% turn1 an orig9al surprise1 an unexpect$ c\rse ( n>ration4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ?is is :at fiction writ]s & dramati/s h be5 do+ = hundr$s ( ye>s2 tak+ an old idea1 !y h twi/$ x ab\t1 enl>g$ ^u x1 provid$ a new sett+ = ! /ory1 & creat$ some?+ new1 yet 9 tru? f> f new1 f ! idea furni%$ by ano!r writ]4 ,:o evolv$ ! orig9al plot 9 any c]ta9 case is a "q t w =ev] rema9 a "q1 = ! e>lie/ plays & /ories are no long] extant4 ,b ?is we d "k3 !re are only a v few orig9al or prim>y plots1 & all ! plays1 novels1 & %ort-/ories t h be5 writt5 are v>iations ( ^!4 ,"s writ]s h made ! twi/ m pron\nc$1 & _! "w1 judg$ by pres5t-day /&>ds1 is class$ z orig9al4 ,o!rs1 )\t try+ to conceal ! s\rce ( _! plots1 nev]!less give !m new treatm5t1 & s are n *>g$ ) plagi>ism4 ,!re=e we may conclude t t writ] is entitl$ to be call$ orig9al :o is capable ( s twi/+ & remodel+ ! !me us$ by ano!r writ] t x is1 9 ! remodel+1 virtually recreat$4 #a4 ,an ,example f ,fiction ,z a concrete example1 let u comp>e ,poe's %ort-/ory1 ,! ,cask ( ,amontillado1 ) ,conan ,doyle's ,! ,new ,catacomb4 ,9 bo? ( ^! ! !me is rev5ge1 br\ght ab\t by hav+ ! "o seek+ to entomb 8 enemy alive--! same !me1 precisely1 z ,balzac _h us$ e>li] 9 ,la ,gr&e ,brete*e1 & ,edi? ,:>ton 9 lat] ye>s 9 ,! ,du*ess at ,pray]4 ,9 ,! ,cask ( ,amontillado1 ,montresor desires to be rev5g$ ^u ,=tunato because ! latt] has bo? injur$ & insult$ him4 ,exactly h[ he has be5 insult$ we are n told2 nor d we "k ! ext5t ( 8 injuries4 ,x is suffici5t = ! purpose ( ! /ory t we "k t 8 ,lat9 blood has be5 r\s$ suffici5tly to make him eag] to compass ! dea? ( 8 enemy--:o is none ! less 8 enemy al?\gh1 up till ! v mom5t :5 ,=tunato realizes ! awful fate t is to be 81 he 7,montresor7 pret5ds fri5d%ip = 8 victim4 ,aft] ,montresor's rev5ge has be5 accompli%$ by wall+ up ,=tunato 9 a subt]ranean vault1 ! p]petrator feels no remorse4 ,he has complet$ :at he set out to d1 & is satisfi$4 ,he has puni%$ ) impunity & he has made ! fact t he is ! r$ress] felt by him :o has done ! wrong4 ,:at *iefly impresses ! read] is ! lack ( motive = ,montresor's crime--= crime x surely is1 :atev] 8 real or fanci$ wrongs--o!r ?an ! motive ( a madman4 ,at ! conclusion our sympa?y = ! un=tunate victim ( ,montresor's hate is p]haps z great z is our pity = ,montresor himself4 ,b note t ,doyle's /ory is n only an orig9al piece ( fiction--z we h j int]pret$ t expression--b also "o 9 :i* we recognize t ! seek] aft] rev5ge is ?or\ghly des]v+ ( our sympa?y1 ev5 ?\gh we d n entirely approve ( 8 br++ ab\t ! dea? ( ev5 s unwor?y a creature z we "k 8 enemy to be4 ,9 ,doyle's /ory1 z 9 ,poe's1 ! backgr\nd is ,italy1 b ,italy ( ! pres5t day1 s we feel t we und]/& ! motives ( ! *>act]s bett] because !y are ( our own "t4 ,!re is a def9ite & griev\s wrong committ$ aga9/ ! "y woman ) :om ! c5tral "* is 9 love1 !re=e ! wrong is committ$ indirectly aga9/ ! lov] himself4 ,we are made to realize ! despicable nature1 ! utt] he>tlessness1 ( ! "y woman's betray]1 & we actually hate him z soon z ! facts are made cle> to u4 ,we realize h[ great has be5 ! love = h] *]i%$ by ! man :o f9ally puni%es ! "o :o has wrong$ h]1 by caus+ him to be entomb$ alive 9 a ,roman catacomb :i* he himself has b rec5tly discov]$4 ,9 ,poe's /ory1 ,=tunato is *a9$ to ! wall ( ! vault1 aft] :i* he is lit]ally wall$ up & buri$ alive4 ,9 ,! ,new ,catacomb1 ! r$ress] ( ! wrong takes ! evil-do] d[n into ! catacomb & leaves him :ile he f9ds 8 own way out by means ( a trail ( cord1 kn[+ t ! o!r1 unable to foll[ him1 is be+ left 9 :at w be 8 tomb4 ,! dramatic int5sity ( ,doyle's /ory is j z great z 9 t writt5 by ,poe2 ! h]o is z mu* des]v+ ( our sympa?y z ! villa9 m]its our condemnation2 & ! treatm5t ( ! !me1 f fir/ to la/1 makes ,doyle's an absolutely orig9al /ory1 al?\gh !re is little d\bt t x 0 sugge/$1 or1 at lea/ influ5c$1 ei!r by ! "o writt5 _m ye>s be=e by ! ,am]ican ma/] ( ! %ort-/ory1 or by ,balzac's rem>kable tale ref]r$ to above4 ,! discrim9at+ photoplaywright w h no difficulty 9 mak+ ! application ( ?is illu/ration ( h[ an orig9al /ory may gr[ out ( an old !me4 ,b be c>eful n to turn ?is lib]ty into an excuse = adh]+ closely to a borr[$ !me4 #b4 ,plagi>ism ,9 ju/ice to writ]s 9 g5]al x is only fair to believe t mo/ cases ( plagi>ism are q un9t5tional4 ,! fault usually is 9 ! writ]'s memory4 ,turn y\r eye inw>d1 & =m ! habit ( trac+ ! orig9 ( y\r inspirations--sometimes x may *agr9 y to f9d h[ ne> to unconsci\s imitation y h be54 ,y may get ! inspiration = a /ory & write x2 x may be accept$ & produc$2 !n1 aft] its release1 "s fri5d w casually rem>k t x rem9ds him ( a ,vitagraph picture t he saw a ye> or two ago4 ,& only aft] he has call$ y\r att5tion to x d y realize t t ,vitagraph /ory1 se5 & =gott51 0 ! s\rce ( y\r inspiration--& p]haps y h committ$ an unconsci\s !ft4 ,9 an e>li] *apt] we h urg$ photoplaywrights to keep 9 t\* ) ! m>ket s z to avoid writ+ on trite !mes4 ,b t practise w n help ! consci\s plagi>i/4 ,:y %\ld he inv5t a new twi/ :5 he c /eal "o8 ,?is w\ld seem to be 8 %ort-sight$ logic4 ,=tunately1 !re are n _m unscrupul\s writ]s :o delib]ately attempt to sell to editors /ories :i* are simply adaptations ( m or less well-kn[n /ories or plays4 ,a great deal has be5 said ab\t editors & _! assi/ants be+ famili> ) /&>d lit]ature & curr5t books1 plays1 & magaz9e /ories4 ,b no editor is infallible1 & once 9 a :ile a /ol5 /ory gets by4 ,we "k ( two companies1 ea* ( :i* )9 ! space ( six mon?s produc$ /ories t 7 pla9ly recognizable z adaptations ( ,! ,adv5ture ( ! ,norwood ,build]1 ! second /ory 9 ,! ,return ( ,%]lock ,holmes4 ,ano!r company releas$ a picture t 0 simply ,maupassant's ,! ,necklace s c>elessly re-dress$ t we wond] ! editor did n recognize x aft] read+ ! fir/ p>agraph ( ! synopsis4 ,! f9al te/ ( :e!r a /ory really resembles ano!r closely en\gh to sugge/ int5tional plagi>ism is :5 ! simil>ity betwe5 ! two is recogniz$ imm$iately by p 9 _m diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry--yet t is too late to help any "o involv$6 ,! %ort-/ories ( ,o4 ,h5ry h be5 s widely read t :5 a new /ory appe>s t closely resembles "o ( 8 x is n long be=e comp>isons are made4 ,?ree or f\r ye>s ago a c]ta9 company made a two-"p picture t s closely resembl$ ,o4 ,h5ry's ,! ,re=mation ( ,calliope t aft] its release "o ( ! pres5t writ]s receiv$ lett]s ( inquiry f photoplaywrights 9 five diff]5t cities comm5t+ ^u x1 ?ree ( ! lett]s be+ f "y writ]s :o1 recogniz+ ! resemblance1 ask$ if x 7 p]missible to take ! pr9cipal plot-idea ( a copyright$ /ory &1 by *ang+ x ab\t slightly1 make x into a salable photoplay4 ,z might be suppos$1 !y 7 e>ne/ly advis$ to refra9 f do+ s4 ,a doz5 ye>s ago !re appe>$ 9 ! ,engli% edition ( ,! ,/r& ,magaz9e a /ory 9 :i* a retir$ ,indian (fic]1 at a d9n] giv5 to a p>ty ( 8 fri5ds1 displays a rem>kably f9e diamond4 ,! jewel is unset1 hav+ be5 tak5--z mo/ jewels 9 /ories ( ?is k9d are--f ! head ( an ,indian idol4 ,! /one is pass$ ar\nd = inspection4 ,! ,h9doo s]vant is cle>+ "s ( ! ?+s f ! table1 & ! diamond has j be5 admir$ by an old g5tleman 9 a r fray$ dress-suit1 :5 ! att5tion ( ev]yone pres5t is drawn away f ! table = a mom5t or two4 ,:5 !y turn ar\nd1 ! diamond has disappe>$4 ,naturally1 ! gue/s are emb>rass$1 b !y all (f] to all[ !mselves to be se>*$1 ) ! exception ( ! %abby-g5teel old g5tleman4 ,:ile he prote/s t he kn[s no?+ ( h[ ! /one has disappe>$1 he /ubbornly refuses to all[ !m to se>* 8 clo!s4 ,! effect ^u ! o!r gue/s may easily be imag9$4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! gue/s hav+ foll[$ him home1 x is discov]$ t ! poor old man has m]ely fill$ 8 pockets ) diff]5t delicacies f ! table1 & has tak5 !m home to 8 sick gr&*ild4 ,subsequ5tly x is discov]$ t ! ,h9doo s]vant has tak5 ! jewel1 & he is arre/$ & puni%$4 ,9 ! mom5t t ! att5tion ( ! gue/s 0 direct$ else:]e1 aft] ! old g5tleman _h laid x on ! table1 ! s]vant _h snat*$ up ! jewel & dropp$ x into a half-fill$ wat] glass1 :]e x rema9$ undiscov]$ :ile ! s]vant 0 se>*$ ) ! o!rs4 ,x is pretty g5]ally kn[n t an unset pure diamond1 if dropp$ into a glass ( wat]1 becomes invisible4 ,"s "t dur+ #aiaa1 "o ( ! produc+ companies releas$ a picture entitl$ ,! ,class ,reunion4 ,to get ! plot ( ! photoplay /ory1 simply sub/itute an impecuni\s pr(essor = ! old g5tleman 9 ! %ort-/ory4 ,in/ead ( ! ,h9doo s]vant1 h "o ( ! pupils--if our memory s]ves--turn out to be ! ?ief1 & h him drop ! jewel--:i* is a ruby1 & n a diamond--into a glass ( r$ w9e in/ead ( into a glass ( wat]4 ,9 all o!r p>ticul>s ! two /ories 7 id5tical4 ,only a few mon?s lat]1 ?is plot cropp$ up aga9--9 fiction =m--9 a prom95t ,am]ican magaz9e4 ,!n1 9 ! release ( ano!r well-kn[n company1 ( ,janu>y #ac1 #aiac1 x aga9 did s]vice 9 ! photoplay ,! ,?irte5? ,man1 :]e ! inevitable banquet is ! annual reunion ( ,! ,?irte5 ,club4 ,! !me has n[ become s hackney$ t1 z ! li/ giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,xvi %[s1 x is no long] s]viceable = photoplay purposes4 ,obvi\sly1 ^! facts are cit$ n to discr$it ! companies ref]r$ to1 b solely to emphasize ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! g5u9ely new twi/ z exemplifi$ 9 ,conan ,doyle's ,! ,new ,catacomb1 & ! dang]\sly close simil>ity z exhibit$ 9 at lea/ "o ( ! two photoplays j ref]r$ to z foll[+ ! plot ( ! ,/r& /ory4 ,x mu/ n be inf]r$1 h[ev]1 t all cases 9 :i* ! !mes ( %ort-/ories are develop$ into photoplays ) v little *ange are plagi>isms1 ei!r consci\s or unconsci\s4 ,_m important companies are negotiat+ con/antly ) ! magaz9es = ! "r to photodramatize _! mo/ suitable %ort-/ories4 ,sometimes ?is is done ) ! cons5t ( ! au?or & ! plot ( ! /ory us$ sub/antially )\t *ange1 :ile 9 o!r in/ances ! plot is freely *ang$1 only ! g]m be+ us$4 ,x is p>ticul>ly 9 su* cases t we mu/ be c>eful n to *>ge plagi>ism4 ,9 ?is connection x is important to note t ! photoplaywright _c be too c>eful 9 respect+ ! rights ( publi%]s & au?ors 9 _! fictional prop]ties4 ,to _m writ]s x is n cle> precisely :at rights an au?or p>ts ) :5 he1 )\t any o!r /ipulation1 sells a %ort-/ory or a long] piece ( fiction outright to a magaz9e1 s he mu/ be c>eful 9 (f]+ mov+-picture rights to a company unless he is sure1 f a cle> und]/&+ ) ! magaz9e publi%]1 t he is at lib]ty to d s4 ,if ^! po9ts are n altoge!r 9 ! cle> to y1 nev]!less x is c]ta9ly wise to be def9ite 9 secur+ y\r own copyright on /ories1 :5 t is possible1 by agree+ ) y\r publi%] = ! release to y ( all dramatic rights4 ,to return once m to ! subject ( orig9ality1 9 ,w4,w4 ,jacobs's /ory1 ,! ,monkey's ,paw1 ! ?rill+ly t]rible crisis beg9s :5 ! fa!r1 mu* aga9/ 8 w1 makes use ( ! second wi% grant$ to him z ! possessor ( ! fatal paw & wi%es 8 dead son alive aga94 ,9 ! night he & 8 wife are ar\s$ by a famili> knock+ on _! door4 ,! "m1 believ+ x to be _! son return$ to life1 ru%es to let him 91 b :ile %e is try+ to unlock ! door1 ! husb&1 rememb]+ ! t]rible condition ( ! son's body1 he hav+ be5 cru%$ to dea? by "s ma*9]y1 utt]s ! ?ird & la/ wi%4 ,! knock+ ceases1 & :5 ! woman succe$s 9 gett+ ! door op51 ! /reet lamp flick]+ opposite is %9+ on a quiet & des]t$ road4 ,sub/antially ! same plot is us$ 9 a /ory publi%$ 9 ,! ,blue ,book1 ,! ,little ,/one ,god1 ! pr9cipal diff]5ce be+ t1 :5 ^? 9 ! h\se he> ! knock+ on ! door1 !y refuse1 9 utt] t]ror1 to answ] ! summons4 ,! knock+ ceases2 & ! next morn+ !y le>n t a telegraph mess5g] boy call$ at ! h\se ) a message on ! previ\s night &1 aft] knock+ sev]al times 9 va91 w5t away aga94 ,! =ego+ are only a few examples ( plots :i* /rongly resemble "o ano!r4 ,h[ x comes t !y resemble "o ano!r x is n our prov9ce to discuss any fur!r--! po9t is t if y\r /ory is inspir$ by ! "w ( ano!r writ]1 give x su* an absolutely orig9al treatm5t t y c consci5ti\sly ref] to x z orig9al4 ,don't wa/e "t 9 rewrit+ o!r p's bra9-*ildr51 = ! sc5>io-editor gobl9s w cat* y sure z fate1 & once y get a reputation = plagi>ism1 n a film-mak] w d>e to buy any manuscript f y = fe> x is copyright$4#cc ,footnote #cc3 ,h]b]t ,case ,hoagl&1 ,h[ to ,write a ,photoplay4 ,9 photoplays z 9 novels & %ort-/ories no?+ is s disappo9t+ z a /ory ^: title is invit+1 & ! fir/ few pages--or sc5es1 z ! case may be--int]e/+1 b :i* soon beg9s to reveal itself z no?+ m ?an a /ory ) :i* we are already famili>1 ?\gh slightly *ang$ 9 a few p>ticul>s 9 ! hope t x may be welcom$ z an orig9al "w4 ,we say slightly *ang$1 = if ! all-important new twi/ is n giv5 ! /ory _c escape detection z be+ :at x is--a m]e copy ( ! orig9al4 ,! =mula ^u :i* ! plot is built is ( v5]able antiquity1 says ,fr$]ick ,tab] ,coop]1 9 ,! ,bookman1 9 review+ a c]ta9 novel4 ,!n1 al?\gh he comm5ds ! purpose ( ! /ory1 he concludes3 ,b ! book is n really an important "o1 because !re h be5 scores ( books equally well writt5 :i* h already said mu* ! same ?+4 ,! au?or has n _h any new twi/ to give to ! old !me--&1 wor/ ( all1 we "k f we>isome pa/ exp]i5ce j h[ ! plot w "w out1 j h[ inevitable x is t ,k5ne? w a*ieve fame1 & 8 fa!r w be reconcil$1 & ,jean1 conv9c$ ( h] inju/ice1 w te>fully plead = =giv5ess4 ,don't lay y\rself op5 to su* a criticism4 #c4 ,:at ,is ,orig9ality8 ,popul>ly1 we call t man orig9al :o /&s on 8 own feet1 uses ! ?\ghts ( o!rs only to /imulate & supplem5t 8 own1 & :o does 8 be/ to color borr[$ ?\ght ) ! hue ( 8 own p]sonality4 ,su* a man1 if he be n a creator1 is at lea/ a ?9k]1 & a ?9k] ne$ nev] be a lit]>y ?ief4 ,! entrance ( any ?\ght t w set ! m9d to work+ %\ld be welcome inde$4#cd ,footnote #cd3 ,j4 ,b]g ,es5we91 ,writ+ ! ,%ort-,/ory4 ,speak+ ( ! way 9 :i* a writ] may take an old plot & "w x ov]1 ,frank ,e4 ,woods1 ! =m] ,spectator ( ! ,dramatic ,mirror1 says3 ,t is precisely :at e au?or does 9 n9e cases out ( t54 ,he utilizes & adapts ! ideas he has ga9$ f v>i\s s\rces4 ,x is :5 he foll[s ano!r au?or's sequ5ce or association ( ideas or arrangem5t ( incid5ts s closely z to make 8 "w appe> to be an obvi\s copy or colorable imitation1 t he is guilty4 #d4 ,! ,new ,twi/ ,illu/rat$ ,z an example ( ! way 9 :i* an old !me may be giv5 a new twi/1 let u comp>e ! plot ( ,br[n+'s ,pippa ,passes--:i*1 by ! way1 0 wond]fully well produc$ 9 motion-picture =m by ! ,biograph ,company 9 #aiji--;& ,james ,opp5heim's photoplay1 ,annie ,crawls ,up/airs1 produc$ by ! ,edison ,company4 ,9 ea*1 ! !me is ! spiritual r$emption ( sev]al diff]5t *>act]s ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! h]o9e1 :o 9 ea* case accompli%es ?is wor?y end q unconsci\sly4 ,pippa1 ! mill-girl1 sp5ds h] holiday w&]+ ?r\gh ! t[n & ov] ! c\ntryside1 s++ h] innoc5t & happy-he>t$ songs4 ,x is ! effect ( ^? songs ^u ^? :o he> !m t gives ! poem-/ory its dramatic mom5ts & makes up ! plot4 ,9 ,mr4 ,opp5heim's /ory1 ! h]o9e1 ,annie1 is a t9y1 crippl$ *ild :o1 w&]+ out ( ! t5em5t kit*5 :]e h] half-drunk5 fa!r is qu>rel+ ) 8 wife1 crawls pa9fully up "o flight ( /airs aft] ano!r1 innoc5tly walk+ into ea* flat 9 turn1 & 9 ea* do+ "s good by h] m]e pres5ce4 ,on "o floor a wayw>d girl is s affect$ by meet+ ) ! crippl$ *ild t %e rema9s at home ) h] "m in/ead ( go+ out to jo9 a p>ty ( fri5ds ( que/ionable "*2 on ano!r floor %e is in/rum5tal 9 prev5t+ an ex-convict f jo9+ 8 =m] pals 9 ano!r crime2 9 ! flat above1 %e br+s toge!r two lov]s :o are ab\t to "p 9 ang]2 9 ! next flat %e com=ts a busy dressmak] :o has lo/ pati5ce ) & scold$ h] little girl = be+ 9 h] way :ile %e is at "w1 & :o realizes on see+ ,annie t %e %\ld at lea/ be ?ankful t h] *ild has heal? & /r5g?1 & does n1 !re=e1 add ! c>e & worry ( sickness to ! burd5 ( pov]ty4 ,f9ally1 on ! top floor1 a "y man1 he>t-sick & we>y ( ! va9 se>* = "w 9 a /range city1 com+ out ( 8 room f9ds little ,annie asleep1 h] head re/+ aga9/ ! frame ( ! door4 ,z he c>ries h] d[n to h] own flat1 he picks up c\rage1 bani%es ! ?\ghts ( suicide :i* a few mom5ts be=e _h fill$ 8 bra91 & resolves to try aga94 ,! picture ends ) ! "m & fa!r1 _! qu>rel =gott51 b5d+ ov] ! *ild4 ,illu/ration3 ,prep>+ to ,take ,?ree ,sc5es at ,once 9 a ,daylight ,/udio ,?us1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 ,mr4 ,opp5heim has us$ ! same !me t ,br[n+ us$2 b he has giv5 x a new twi/ ) ! introduction ( ea* new incid5t 9 ! /ory4 ,! little lame *ild ( ! t5em5ts does n seem to speak a ^w 9 ! picture1 & ! sc5e betwe5 ! two "y lov]s p>t+ aft] _! qu>rel is totally unlike ! sc5e betwe5 ,ottima & ,sebald 9 ,br[n+'s poem1 yet we feel t ! good influ5ce t *anges ! he>t ( ! burgl>1 z he sits !re plann+ ! new crime1 is ! same z t :i* %akes ! guilty wife & h] lov] :5 ,pippa passes b5ea? ! w9d[ ( ,luca's h\se1 s++3 ,god's 9 8 heav5-- ,all's "r ) ! _w6 ,we h read ( a ,we/]n script 9 :i* ! outlaw1 w\nd$ & ble$+1 is giv5 %elt] by ! h]o9e4 ,:5 ! %]iff arrives1 he sees ! bas9 conta9+ ! bloody wat] & inquires h[ x comes !re4 ,ev5 :ile he is look+ at x1 ! girl cuts h] h& ) a knife1 & decl>es t1 hav+ cut h]self be=e ! ,%]iff's arrival1 %e has j wa%$ h] h& 9 ! bas94 ,?is incid5t1 or situation1 is almo/ id5tical ) "o 9 ! ,ambrosio ,company's ,aft] ,fifty ,ye>s1 :i* won ! fir/ prize ( tw5ty-five ?\s& francs 7#e1jjj7 at ! ,tur9 ,exhibition1 & :i* %[$ z "o ( its _m ?rill+ situations ! ,italian h]o9e ga%+ h] h& ) a knife held beh9d h] back1 to expla9 to ! ,au/rian soldi] :o is 9 se>* ( h] lov] ! pres5ce ( blood on h] sleeve4 ,yet ?is c\ld n be call$ a !ft1 or ev5 a re-arrangem5t ( ano!r writ]'s plot4 ,! plot1 *>act]s1 & sett+ 7 entirely diff]5t 9 ea* play--x 0 only t "o situation t 0 made use (2 & x seems likely t x 0 f ! ,ambrosio picture1 or ! acc\nt ( x1 t ! au?or ( ! ,we/]n /ory got 8 inspiration4 ,yet :o c really tell8 ,?\ghts are m>vell\s ?+s1 & bo? writ]s may h gott5 _! ideas f "s o!r orig9al--or ev5 conceiv$ !m 9 _! own bra9s4 ,aft] all1 z has be5 po9t$ out1 ! tr\ble ) _m "y writ]s is t !y are n cont5t ) copy+ a s+le situation4 ,!y h n be5 9 ! game long en\gh to realize ei!r ! risk t !y are tak+ or ! wrong t !y are do+ a fell[ writ]1 s !y n only adapt to _! own ne$s a /rong situation 9 ano!r's /ory b prec$e & foll[ x ) o!r incid5ts & situations :i* are sub/antially ! same z ^? surr\nd+ ! big situation 9 ! orig9al /ory4 ,b giv+ an old !me a new twi/ is a trick ( ! trade t comes only ) exp]i5ce1 & exp]i5ce is ga9$ by practice4 ,exp]i5ce & practice soon tea* ! photoplaywright n to rely too heavily ^u ! newspap] = new ideas1 = almo/ e day editors receive two or m plots :i* closely resemble ea* o!r1 simply because ! writ]s1 hav+ all *os5 ! same !me1 h all work$ t !me up 9 ! same way--! obvi\s way1 ! easie/ way1 ! way t involves ! lea/ c>e1 & !re=e ! lea/ +5uity4 ,:]e d ! good plots come f1 anyh[8 asks ,john ,rob]t ,moore4 ,we p 9 univ]sities (t5 amuse ourselves by trac+ /ories back to _! orig9s4 ,! tr\ble is t we (t5 rea* ! limit ( our k1 b r>ely f9d ! beg9n+2 = ! plot seems to be z old z ! race4 ,:at1 !n1 has be5 *ang$ 9 a /ory :i* has be5 rais$ f a m$iaeval leg5d to a mod]n "w ( art8 ,9 su* cases1 ! sett+ & ! moral cont5t are almo/ inv>iably alt]$4 ,an absurdly comic /ory ab\t an ,iri%man & a monkey1 :i* 0 curr5t a c\ple ( c5turies ago1 became ',! ,murd]s 9 ! ,rue ,morgue' 9 ! h&s ( ,poe4 ,! c5tral plot rema9$ mu* ! same1 b ! :ole ( ! sett+ & ! intellectual cont5t assum$ a new & va/ly high] significance4 ',! ,bottle ,imp' h>ks back to ! ,middle ,ages2 b ,/ev5son made a _w-fam\s /ory ( x by giv+ x ! flavor ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s :i* he knew s well4 ,s !re are bo? disc\ragem5t & *e] = ^? :o accept ! ,wise ,man's dictum t !re is no?+ new "u ! sun4 ,9 ! "o aspect1 !re seems little *ance = ! novice s9ce ! prim>y plots are really s few2 b 9 ! o!r view1 fre% arrangem5ts ( old comb9ations are always possible = ^? :o see life ) op5 eyes1 al]t m9ds1 w>m he>ts1 & ! resolve to be z orig9al z !y c4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,complete ,,five-,,reel ,,photoplay ,,script ,,ev]ybody',s ,,girl ,adapt$ f ,o4 ,h5ry's ,%ort-,/ory1 ,brickdu/ ,r[1 by ,a4 ,van ,bur5 ,p[ell1 & ,produc$ 9 ,film ,=m by ,! ,vitagraph ,company#ce ,footnote #ce3 ,us$ by p]mission4 ,copyright1 #aiah1 by ! ,vitagraph ,company ( ,am]ica4 ,all rights res]v$4 ,! m]e read+ ( ! foll[+ photoplay script w n d y any good4 ,to get any b5efit f x y mu/ /udy x4 ,! script1 :i* is an adaptation--! %ort-/ory ( a fam\s au?or1 ,o4 ,h5ry1 translat$ into scre5 te*nique--is 9 ! =m 9 :i* x 0 accept$ = production4 ,an adaptation r ?an ! script ( an orig9al idea is *os5 = two reasons3 ! /ory f :i* x 0 made is accessible 9 e libr>y1 & ! translation into production-=m (f]s c]ta9 problems :i* make x a m effective lesson 9 idea-build+4 ,pret5d t y are a /aff writ]1 & t y are to d a c]ta9 /ory by ,o4 ,h5ry4 ,get f y\r libr>y ! book ( %ort-/ories by ! fam\s au?or :i* conta9s ,brickdu/ ,r[--! volume is entitl$ ,! ,trimm$ ,lamp4 ,read ! /ory--read x until y are ?or\ghly famili> ) its e ^w4 ,read x analytically4 ,y are to make an adaptation ( x4 ,:at mu/ t adaptation h = its fundam5tal purpose8--! pres]vation ( ,o4 ,h5ry's *>m ( atmosph]e2 ! utilization ( 8 clev]ness ) words1 :]ev] possible 9 lead]s2 ! emphasiz+ ( 8 purpose 9 writ+ ! /ory4 ,:at 0 t purpose8 ,0 x n to %[ h[ a man's code ( e?ics1 mi/ak5ly clung to1 result$ 9 8 misjudg+ a p]fectly innoc5t girl1 ) resultant trag$y8 ,&1 contributory to ?is1 0 x n ! aim ( ! orig9al au?or to emphasize & excuse ! conduct ( ! girl--conduct aris+ naturally f h] environm5t & /ation 9 life8 ,^! ?+s mu/ be convey$1 !n1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( *>act]ization1 ) ! help ( little human t\*es4 ,! girl mu/ be %[n z sweet1 clean1 )\t a wrong ?\ght2 ! man mu/ be cle>ly depict$1 8 reason = be+ s seem+ly *urli% & c>eless ( ! duties impos$ ^u him by 8 own]%ip ( _m t5em5ts mu/ be h&l$ 9 su* a way t he w n be an unsympa!tic "*4 ,!n we are confront$ ) c]ta9 /udio conditions4 ,! /ory mu/ be made ( feature l5g?--five or m reels4 ,aga91 trag$y is n welcome on ! scre54 ,argum5ts might be (f]$ to %[ t ! orig9al /ory w lose /r5g? ?r\gh ! addition ( ! happy end+4 ,we _c help t--9 fact1 we mu/ surm\nt t ob/acle4 ,we mu/ make ! /ory equally /rong & try1 if we c1 to add to its lesson4 ,we _c air our ideals1 & write j z we wi%2 we mu/ con=m to ! set rules ( our p>ticul> /udio1 z well z to ! g5]al rules cov]+ scre5craft4 ,! *ange ( title is gov]n$ by s _m factors t x ne$ only be said t ! alt]native title 0 giv5 z possess+ a great] adv]tis+ & draw+ p[]4#cf ,footnote #cf3 ,9 ,mr4 ,van ,bur5 ,p[ell's new book1 ,! ,photoplay ,synopsis1 publi%$ uni=m ) ?is volume 9 ,! ,writ]'s ,libr>y1 he expla9s :y ?is title 0 *ang$4 ,n[ we h dissect$ ,o4 ,h5ry's orig9al /ory4 ,we h decid$ :at we mu/ d ) x4 ,comes ! director = consultation4 ,he feels t ! /ory is n long en\gh4 ,x ne$ n be padd$1 b an additional "* might be introduc$ to br+ out & emphasize ! true "* ( our lead+ woman1 & at ! same "t ! requir$ dramatic elem5t & ! contra/+ ( 8 "* ) t ( ! lead+ man may be a*iev$ by 8 pres5ce4 ,s1 agree+ ) ! director1 we write our script4 ,?r\gh\t1 notes w call y\r att5tion to c]ta9 po9ts t w help y\r und]/&+ ( ! te*nical purposes ( c]ta9 mat]ial4 ,,ev]ybody',s ,,girl ,,synopsis ,flor5ce is a %op girl1 ( ! quiet1 sweet1 clean type4 ,%e f9ds x h>d to make ends meet4 ,h] m practical1 m worldly-wise fri5d1 ,ella1 ! %oe-/ore ca%i]1 sugge/s t !y %>e h] pres5t qu>t]s 9 ,brickdu/ ,r[--a decay+ t5em5t block4 ,by ?is division ( exp5se !y c bo? save en\gh to buy an extra pickle = lun* once 9 a :ile4 ,:5 ,flor5ce sees ,brickdu/ ,r[ %e is depress$ by its dull aspect1 its dre>y environm5t4 ,b %e accepts ,ella's proposal1 & ! two girls beg9 _! %>+ ( ! t9y room z *e]fully z possible4 ,?r\gh a t]rify+ exp]i5ce ) a male flirt ,flor5ce comes to le>n t ,ella has long be5 us$ to accept+ att5tions & escort f m5 outside ! home atmosph]e4 ,ella expla9s t s9ce ! own] ( ,brickdu/ ,r[ is s av>ici\s t he all[s ! p>lors to be r5t$ out1 no place is provid$ :]e ! girls may ent]ta9 m5 prop]ly1 & s ! society ( ! opposite sex mu/ be s\ght & enjoy$ "h1 !re & ev]y:]e4 ,! idea is repugnant to ,flor5ce1 :o is unusually f9e 9 h] ideas ( propriety2 b %e comes to see t ,ella's way is ! only outlet = y\? & ! desire = companion%ip1 brightness1 life4 ,%e is v *oice 9 h] selection ( escorts1 & nev] p]mits any "y man %e meets to discov] ev5 :]e %e lives4 ,! own] ( ! t5em5ts is a bor$1 money-spoil$ "y man--,alex&] ,bl9k]4 ,8 lawy] tries to make him take en\gh int]e/ 9 8 t5em5ts to *ange ! leases s t ! girls c h a place to meet g5tlem5 ) ! %ield ( propriety4 ,bl9k] is too anxi\s to get to a golf t\rnam5t ev5 to li/54 ,flor5ce gr[s us$ to h] role ( ,ev]ybody's ,girl1 & :ile %e is decid$ly decor\s1 %e le>ns ! arts & affectations ( ! /reet meet+4 ,bl9k] has to come to 8 lawy] 9 ord] to sign "s important docum5ts2 !y are n prep>$4 ,he mu/ /ay 9 ! city ov] ,sunday4 ,! idea fills him ) disgu/2 he longs = ! hunt+ trip he has plann$4 ,9 %e] desp]ation he decides to d t :i* 8 butl] consid]s equival5t to jump+ f ! w9d[1 9 view ( 8 social /atus--,bl9k] det]m9es to g to ,coney ,isl&4 ,8 exp]i5ces may be imag9$ z he is pu%$ & jo/l$ by ! r\gh-&-ready pleasure-seek]s4 ,he gets on ! boat & is se5 by ,flor5ce1 :o reg>ds him z a prospective escort & s conducts h]self t he is virtually =c$ into conv]sation1 & ) no exp]i5ce to guide him 9 ?is /range me?od ( introduction1 he manages to be> himself suitably1 to ! end t ! two deb>k at ! isl& ( pleasure-seek+ & set out to enjoy !mselves1 ,flor5ce be+ ! guide1 by virtue ( h] exp]i5ce4 ,at fir/ ,bl9k] feels entirely out ( 8 elem5t1 b ,flor5ce %[s him ! _s 9 :i* to accept ! t9sel & ! rude fun-mak+4 ,he soon comes to l x--& to ?9k v well ( ! naively diff]5t girl beside him4 ,he is treat$ l all h] o!r cavali]s at ! "t & place ( p>t+--%e goes home alone4 ,he returns to 8 ap>tm5t ) a new idea ( ! city's possibilities4 ,t same ev5+ ,flor5ce f9ds an intrud] unc]emoni\sly invad+ h] room--a gang lead] :o believes ! %ot he has j fir$ at an adv]s>y has be5 fatal 9 its effect4 ,he tells h] 8 /ory1 b says he did n d ! %oot+4 ,%e believes him1 & :5 ! police come to h] door 9 _! se>* = ! culprit1 %e pret5ds t ! man opposite h] at ! table is h] bro!r4 ,lat] %e le>ns t he has told h] a falsehood1 b %e does n deliv] him to ju/ice1 & :5 %e f9ds t ! man :o 0 %ot is n fatally injur$1 %e s5ds ! %ield$ "o away 9 safety2 = :i* display ( h] f9e s5se ( loyalty he becomes a v]itable wat*dog1 nev] intrud+ 8 pres5ce ^u h]1 b be+ always ne> to obs]ve ! quality ( ! companions %e /ill all[s h]self4 ,bl9k] meets h] by appo9tm5t ! next ev5+1 & ! fai?ful ,wat*dog foll[s !m to ,coney ,isl&1 vigilant1 feel+ sure ?an a man ( ! evid5t social /atus ( ,bl9k] c mean no good to a girl 9 ,flor5ce's /ation4 ,on ! boat1 com+ home1 ,bl9k] tells ,flor5ce t he loves h]4 ,s accu/om$ is %e to ?is display ( s5tim5tality 9 h] cavali]s t %e m]ely laughs4 ,he p]si/s1 & %e indicates a belief t he is j l ! re/4 ,m5tion ( ! re/ awakes "q 9 ,bl9k]4 ,he le>ns t %e meets m5 indiscrim9ately4 ,he has a horror ( ?is evid5ce ( :at he consid]s to be moral laxity1 & :5 ,flor5ce sees ?is %e is amaz$4 ,he has met h] 9 ! same way1 yet he is %ock$ t %e %\ld meet o!rs6 ,9 ju/ify+ h] c\rse %e expla9s :at sort ( place ,brickdu/ ,r[ is1 & h[ ! girls are driv5 out4 ,a fire is discov]$ on ! boat1 & 9 ! excitem5t ,bl9k] & ,flor5ce are sep>at$ & ! ,wat*dog is unable to f9d ! girl he wor%ips4 ,%e has jump$ into ! wat] z ! flames drew too close to h]4 ,lat] %e is f\nd at home by ! ,wat*dog1 safe ?\gh suff]+ f %ock4 ,he discov]s t ! %ock is less f exposure ?an f h] discov]y t ,bl9k] 0 s]i\s1 & t he refus$ to condone h] mode ( meet+ m54 ,bl9k] is visit$ by 8 lawy]1 & 9 _! conv]sation1 a ref]5ce to ,brickdu/ ,r[ gives ,bl9k] ! k t he is ! own] ( t t5em5t--t x is 8 own fault :i* gives rise to su* unconv5tional practices z ,flor5ce has innoc5tly indulg$ 94 ,x is too late1 he ?9ks1 n[--too late to *ange ?+s4 ,8 dream ( love is rudely dispell$4 ,h[ev]1 aft] a visit f ! ,wat*dog1 9 :i* ! gang/] loyally *ampions ,flor5ce's "* & lays d[n ! law to ,bl9k]1 ! latt] sees ,flor5ce aga91 realiz+ 8 own great fault 9 be+ too quick to judge--& ! reconciliation is made sweet] by 8 will+ness to h ,flor5ce d h] w ) ! remodel+ ( ! t5em5t1 :ile ! ,wat*dog f9ds com=t 9 ! smiles ( ,ella4 ,,ca/ ,,( ,,*>act]s#cg ,,flor5ce ,a sweet1 innoc5t girl1 ^: environm5t %apes h] conduct2 sympa!tic type4 ,,bl9k] ,ri*1 idle1 c>eless ( responsibility1 & z mu* a victim to 8 own /ation z is ,flor5ce2 slightly affect$2 b mu/ n lose sympa?y or create di/a/e4 ,,ella ,snappy1 %op-girl type2 ke5 contra/ to ,flor5ce1 & us$ to build up & emphasize ! f9e nature ( ,flor5ce4 ,,bill#ch ,a typical slums "*--gang lead]2 g5]ally liv+ by 8 wits1 b possess$ ( a deep-root$ devotion to anybody :o is squ>e ) him4 ,,frank ,a typical /reet-flirt4 ,,lawy] ,,oldport ,a quizzical man ( ! old s*ool4 ,types ( ! t5em5t di/rict4 ,police1 etc4 ,typical cr[ds at ,coney ,isl&1 & on boat4 ,footnote #cg3 ,x w be obs]v$ t ,mr4 ,p[ell uses n[ & !n slightly diff]5t me?ods ( type-arrangem5t & nom5clature f ^? us$ by ,mr4 ,le$s4 ,^! are all unimportant v>iations4 ,footnote #ch3 ,bill is ! int]polat$ "*1 ^: purpose w be se5 9 script4 ,,sc5>io1 ,,or ,,cont9uity ,,( ,,sc5es ,lead]-- ,,?us ,,does ,,flor5ce ,,coax ,a ,,few ,,reluctant ,,doll>s ,,into ,,h] ,,weekly ,,purse4 #a--;,int]ior small hat-trimm+ %op4 ,! diaphragm op5s to %[ ,flor5ce trimm+ a hat4 ,%e is a pa!tic figure z %e looks d[n at ! hat & realizes t su* f9]y is beyond h] own+4 ,%e looks up & smiles gratefully z ! own] ( ! place comes f pay+ o!rs 9 view1 & drops an envelope on table be=e h]4#ci ,footnote #ci3 ,no?+ important happ5s "h1 b ! sc5e is devis$ to ga9 sympa?y = ! girl at once4 ,lead]-- ,,! ,,%op ,,girl',s ,,con/ant ,,problem--,,mak+ ,,ends ,,meet--,,helps ,,flor5ce ,,we> ,,out ,,_m ,a ,,p5cil4 #b--;,bo>d+ h\se /eps4 ,flor5ce is discov]$ sitt+ on /ep1 figur+ out h] acc\nts ) a /ubby p5cil on back ( an old envelope4 ,%e looks disconsolately at h] figures4 ,!n z %e glances up h] eyes bright5 & %e waves a h&4#dj ,footnote #dj3 ,cont9u+ atmosph]e ( sympa?y = ,flor5ce1 & beg9n+ /ory 9 leisurely mann] 9 h>mony ) its lack ( dramatic op5+4 ,lead]-- ,,fri5d ,,ella1 ,,( ,,! ,,%oe-,,/ore ,,ca%i]',s ,,cage4 #c--,/reet ne> bo>d+ h\se4 ,ella1 ^: face is piquant ) recognition1 waves 9 a snappy1 ,oh6 ,hello1 ,kid mann]1 & goes t[>d bo>d+ h\se4 #d--;,bo>d+ h\se /eps1 z 9 #b4 ,close-up ( two girls4 ,ella comes on & greets ,flor5ce 9 breezy way2 ,flor5ce is pleas$1 b h] mann] ( salutation is m quiet1 ?\gh equally s9c]e4 ,ella drops on /ep1 looks at figures1 & gr9s4 ,flor5ce indicates h] depression1 due to ! figures t w n balance ) h] meag] income4 ,ella makes a proposition1 say+3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,:y ,,n ,,%>e ,a ,,room ,,) ,,me8 ,,we ,,might ,,ea* ,,save ,,en\gh ,,to ,,add ,a ,,dill ,,pickle ,,to ,,our ,,lun*4 ,flor5ce is impress$1 & ,ella bids h] come along & see ! place4#da ,footnote #da3 ,ella def9itely introduc$2 relation%ip ( ! girls e/abli%$4 ,note *>act]ization 9 lead]4 #e--,wid] view ( /eps4 ,z ,flor5ce rises1 %e hesitates1 & seems to be av]se to putt+ h] fri5d to inconv5i5ce4 ,ella gr9s gayly1 & says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,:5 ,,y ,,see ',,brickdu/ ,,r['--,,:]e ,i ,,live--,,y ,,won',t ,,?9k ,i',m ,,do+ ,,y ,,any ,,favor4 ,%e urges ,flor5ce to come along4 ,two girls leave sc5e4#db ,footnote #db3 ,note plant+ ( t5em5t "n 9 lead]--br++ =eca/ ( atmosph]e4 #f--;,a /reet corn]4 ,a bl9d man is sell+ p5cils4 ,ella & ,flor5ce come on4 ,flor5ce pauses1 fi%es co9 f h] purse & buys a p5cil4 ,!n1 z ,ella keeps "r on1 turn+ corn]1 ,flor5ce smiles g5tly & pauses aga94 #g--,/reet corn]--close-up ( h&s4 ,flor5ce g5tly slips ! pur*as$ p5cil back into h& ( bl9d man1 all[+ h] h& to re/ commis]at+ly on 8 arm an in/ant4 #h--,wid] view ( /reet corn]4 ,ella turns to see :at is keep+ ,flor5ce1 :o is hurry+ away to avoid ! man's ,bless y1 & ! ,sa9ts protect y6#dc ,footnote #dc3 ,?ree sc5es conta9 human t\*4 ,note ! close-up z diff]+ f bu/ us$ lat] on4 ,lead]-- ,,brickdu/ ,,r[1 ,,) ,,its ,,dre>y ,,monotony ,,& ,,crumbl+ ,,decay1 ,,is ,a ,,place ,,to ,,sigh ,,ov]--,,n ,,to ,,live ,,94#dd ,footnote #dd3 ,o4 ,h5ry's atmosph]e4 #i--,long view ( /reet ) typical t5em5ts4 ,%[+ ! dre>y atmosph]e ( ! place z ,flor5ce & ,ella come along /reet & pause at a doorway4 #aj--;,clos] view doorway4 ,emphasis ( atmosph]e4 ,ella unlat*+ door z ,flor5ce t\*es side-rail ( l[ /oop & looks d[nca/1 %udd]+ a bit4 ,!y g 94 #aa--,l[] hall ( t5em5t4 ,a worn :isk-broom hangs on wall4 ,!re is a com$y t\* z ,ella & ,flor5ce come 91 & ! latt] notices ! :isk-broom4 #ab--;,bu/ view4 ,wall4 ,%[+ :isk-broom4 #ac--,wid] view ( hall4 ,ella laughs1 & says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,! ,,fir/ ,,"t ,,y ,,/>t ,,out ,,f ,,?is ,,du/-,,factory ,,y',,ll ,,"k ,,:y ,,t',s ,,!re6 ,flor5ce is dubi\s ab\t lik+ ! place1 b foll[s ,ella up ! rickety1 du/-lad5 /airway4 #ad--;,ella's t9y b neat room--w9d[ on fire-escape4 ,ella br+s ,flor5ce 94 ,ella ?r[s out h&s 9 ge/ure ( ,"h x is--n mu*1 ,i'll admit4 ,flor5ce exclaims 9 reassur+ affectation ( delight & says %e w take ,ella's (f]4 ,diaphragm out4 ,lead]-- ,,we ,,note ,,"o ,,bl9k]--,,alex&] ,,bl9k]--,,own+ ,,t5em5ts ,,galore1 ,,& ,,lead+ ,a ,,g5]ally ,,useless ,,life ,,because ,,he ,,has ,,be5 ,,br\ght ,,up ,,t ,,way4 #ae--,oldport's legal (fice4 ,close-up at door4 ,diaphragm 9 to a close view ( ,bl9k]1 introduc+ him 9 a v unpleas+ humor1 evid5tly s\r ab\t some?+4#de ,footnote #de3 ,we are h&l+ ,o4 ,h5ry's incid5t n[1 & mu/ use 8 lead]-mat]ial1 s ! next situation mu/ be brok5 into v>i\s close-up views to prev5t hav+ too long a sc5e & too irksome a run ( spok5 matt] 9 "o sc5e4 #af--,oldport's (fice--wid] view4 ,%[+ ,oldport look+ quizzically at ! fum+ ,bl9k] z ! latt] advances1 say+3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,if ,i ,,mu/ ,,sign ,,^? ,,disgu/+ ,,leases1 ,,let ,,u ,,get ,,x ,,ov]4 ,i ,,h ,a ,,golf ,,t\rnam5t ,,on-- ,he advances & slumps petti%ly into a *air by desk4 #ag--;,close-up ( ,oldport4 ,oldport looks ar\nd at ,bl9k]1 ) an expression %[+ m pity ?an annoyance4 #ah--;,close-up ( ,bl9k]4 ,bl9k] makes a ge/ure ( impati5ce & %ifts 9 8 *air4 #ai--;,ella's room4 ,a few t\*es indicat+ ! ref9+ influ5ce ( ,flor5ce4 ,ella is gett+ ready to g out4 ,flor5ce que/ions4 ,ella says1 ,i got an aft]noon date4 ,!n %e v5ts h] annoyance at ! own] ( ! build+s by say+3 ,cut-9-lead]-- ,,! ,,dub ,,t ,,owns ,,?is ,,du/-,,b9 ,,is ,,s ,,mean ,,t ,,he ,,r5ts ,,! ,,p>lors--,,s ,,u ,,girls ,,has ,,got ,,to ,,meet ,,our ,,g5tlem5 ,,fri5ds ,,some:]e ,,outside--,,we ,,c',t ,,ent]ta9 ,,9 ,,our ,,rooms1 ,,c ,,we8 ,flor5ce %akes h] head1 & refuses an invitation to accompany ,ella1 :o goes out4#df ,footnote #df3 ,contra/ to ,bl9k]2 also =eca/s by association ( ideas ! com+ toge!r ( *>act]s2 h9ts at plot4 #bj--,oldport's (fice4 ,bl9k] sign+ pap]s4 ,f9i%+1 he rises4 ,oldport lays a re/ra9+ h& on 8 arm1 tak+ ano!r pap]4 ,bl9k] %udd]s 9 di/a/e1 z ,oldport turns & says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,!re ,,is ,a ,,matt] ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,r5t+ ,,( ,,! ,,p>lors ,,9 ,,"o ,,( ,,y\r ,,build+s--,,y\r ,,fa!r ,,_h ,,int5d$ ,,to ,,remodel ,,!m1 ,,s-- ,bl9k] %rugs1 & rises1 prote/+1 implor+ ,oldport to let him get away4 ,oldport rises1 & foll[s him to door1 :]e he /ops him4 #ba--;,close-up door ( ,oldport (fice4 ,oldport is s]i\s1 almo/ plead+1 z ,bl9k] :eels4 ,oldport says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,because ,,! ,,p>lors ,,are ,,r5t$ ,,z ,,rooms1 ,,! ,,girls1 ,,mo/ly ,,%op ,,work]s1 ,,mu/ ,,d ,,_! ,,ent]ta9+ ,,( ,,m5--,,else:]e-- ,bl9k] turns deprecat+ly1 & says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,de> ,,old ,,man--,,ano!r ,,"t1 ,,please6 ,he hurries out4 ,oldport fr[ns ) annoyance1 !n %rugs4 ,diaphragm out4 ,diaphragm 93#dg ,footnote #dg3 ,! close ( "o incid5t & beg9n+ ( ano!r1 no lead] be+ requir$4 #bb--;,front ( hat-%op :]e ,flor5ce is employ$4 ,frank1 a typical /reet-flirt1 is l\ng+1 wat*+ "s girls pass2 !y laugh & nudge ea* o!r2 !n ,flor5ce comes out ( %op & ,frank1 lift+ cap1 falls into /ep beside h]4 ,depict innoc5ce on ,flor5ce's "p--%e does n get 8 drift4#dh ,footnote #dh3 ,?is sc5e-sequ5ce develops "*1 ) contra/ ( ! two leads2 also regi/]s t ,flor5ce's future conduct is influ5c$ by ,ella--n volunt>y4 #bc--;,ext]ior ( golf club4 ,bl9k] arrives 9 ha/e1 to f9d fri5ds & play]s wait+4 ,emphasize 8 egotism & self-c5t]$ness z !y />t (f = ! golf l9ks4 #bd--,/reet 9 t5em5t di/rict4 ,frank is keep+ up ) ,flor5ce z %e comes on4 ,he takes h] arm4 ,%e /ops dead /ill4 ,sudd5 fe> %[s 9 h] face4 ,te>+ h]self free1 %e fairly runs f ! sc5e1 ,frank />+ 9 surprise1 & indicat+ ,holy ,mack]el--/uck up little skirt6 #be--;,door 9 ,brickdu/ ,r[4 ,flor5ce comes hurry+ on1 looks ov] h] %\ld] to be sure %e is n foll[$1 & ru%es into h\se4 #bf--;,golf c\rse4 ,bl9k] tees up & drives4 ,he %[s satisfaction z he wat*es ! flight ( ! ball1 !n sets (f1 smil+ at 8 caddie's mutt]$ ,"s drive6 #bg--;,ella's room4 ,flor5ce is com+ 94 ,%e is pant+4 ,/ill %ak+ ) fright & mortification1 %e fl+s h]self across ! b$4 #bh--;,a /reet corn]4 ,ella is p>t+ f a g5tleman fri5d & ?anks him = a swell "t1 !n />ts = home z he turns1 hat lift$1 & goes4 #bi--;,golf c\rse4 ,%[ ,bl9k]'s egotism z he w9s mat* amid plaudits ( 8 fri5ds4 #cj--;,ella's room4 ,flor5ce /ill on b$ z ,ella comes 94 ,:at's up1 ,kid8 ,flor5ce expla9s4 ,ella laughs1 & tells h] ! lad meant no h>m1 !n ris+ 9 d5unciation ( _! environm5t1 %e exclaims3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,"l1 ,,kid6 ,a ,,girl ,,c',t ,,/ick ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,& ,,be ,a ,,dri$ ,,prune ,,)\t ,,no ,,fri5ds4 ,,if ,,%e ,,c',t ,,br+ ',,em ,,home--,,%e ,,has ,,to ,,meet ',,em ,,:]ev] ,,%e ,,f9ds ',,em4 ,?is is a new idea to ,flor5ce1 & x impresses h]1 ?\gh %e is dubi\s ab\t x4 ,f9ally1 reconcil+ h]self1 %e agrees1 say+3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,yes1 ,a ,,girl ,,has ,,got ,,to ,,h ,,"s ,,fun4 ,i ,,guess ,,x',s ,,no ,,h>m ,,to ,,let ,,nice ,,fell[s ,,speak1 ,,& ,,take ,,y ,,out ,,sometimes4 ,ella assures h] t x is no h>m4 ,flor5ce is less dubi\s4 ,lead]-- ,,dun1 ,,dre>y ,,monotony ,,drives ,,flor5ce ,,to ,,! ,,only ,,ent]ta9m5t ,,h] ,,environm5t ,,p]mits4 #ca--;,a p>k entrance4 ,flor5ce all[s a neat *ap :o has be5 flirt+ to take h] arm1 & !y g (f toge!r4 ,lead]-- ,,sometimes ,,! ,,movies-- #cb--,outside mov+ picture h\se4 ,night4 ,flor5ce is laugh+ z %e comes on ) ,,ano!r nice-look+ *ap :o takes h] 9 to see ! %[4 ,lead]-- ,,sometimes ,,moony ,,spoon+-- #cc--,p>k seat ne> lake4 ,moon on wat] = pretty view4 ,flor5ce is all[+ a diff]5t fell[ to sit close & hold h] h&4 7,no incl9ation to get fre%47 ,lead]-- ,,b ,,always ,,! ,,same ,,tactics1 ,,& ,,ea* ,,"t ,,) ,a ,,diff]5t ,,cavali]4#di ,footnote #di3 ,note ! progressive s]ies ( lead]s to emphasize ,flor5ce's *>act]i/ic morality4 #cd--;,front door1 ,brickdu/ ,r[4 ,ev5+4 ,flor5ce comes on1 ) an impati5t swa91 b %e gives absolutely no indication t ?is is :]e %e lives1 & !y pass (f4 #ce--,/reet corn]4 ,flor5ce & companion come on4 ,%e says good night & refuses to let him g fur!r4 ,:5 he is gone ar\nd ! corn] %e retraces h] /eps t[>d home4 ,diaphragm sl[ly out4 ,lead]-- ,,ah1 ,,! ,,tribulations ,,( ,,bl9k]6 #cf--,oldport's (fice4 ,bl9k] comes 91 disgu/$4 ,oldport laughs at him some:at s>donically z ,bl9k] says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,w ,,^? ,,pap]s ,,nev] ,,be ,,done ,,)8 ,,well--,,hurry4 ,i',m ,,pack$ ,,to ,,/>t ,,= ,,! ,,nor? ,,woods ,,tonight4 ,oldport gr9s *e]fully1 say+3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,! ,,wor/ ,,has ,,n ,,be5 ,,told ,,y4 ,,! ,,pap]s ,,w ,,n ,,be ,,ready ,,till ,,monday--,,s ,,y ,,w ,,h ,,to ,,amuse ,,y\rself ,,= ,a ,,day ,,& ,a ,,half-- ,bl9k] fl+s out1 disgu/$4 #cg--;,ella's room4 ,flor5ce comes 91 9 h] "w-day clo!s1 & prep>es to get out a q new summ] frock4 #ch--;,bl9k]'s ap>tm5t4 ,bl9k] 91 & man tak+ (f coat1 etc4 ,summ] g>b4 ,bl9k] disgu/$ ) life4 ,reads pap]4 ,man obsequi\s--com$y t\* ) pr(f] ( numb]s ( v>ieties ( cig>ettes4 #ci--;,ella's room4 ,flor5ce dress$ 9 summ] frock4 ,wond]s :at to d ) h]self--plans1 c\nts money--decides & goes out4 #dj--;,ap>tm5t4 ,bl9k] reads ad4 9 pap] & sudd5ly says to 8 man3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,simonds1 ,i',m ,,go+ ,,to ,,coney ,,isl&4 ,man b[s z if he _h said he 0 go+ to dr[n himself4 ,bl9k] bids man fet* "s cool out+ flannels--he acts z if he 7 prep>+ to g to be %ot1 b mu/ face x4 ,ennui driv+ him4 ,lead]-- ,,= ,,once ,,hoi-,,polloi ,,jo/les1 ,,bu/les ,,& ,,h>asses ,,! ,,ari/ocratic ,,bl9k]4 #da--;,dock1 gangplank4 ,com$y ) ,bl9k] 9 a mob ( kidd]s on ! way to a ,coney ,isl& boat4 #db--;,deck *air or camp /ool1 on ,coney ,isl& boat4 ,flor5ce is />+ out ov] wat]4 ,turns4 ,sees some?+4 #dc--;,deck location4 ,bl9k] com+ out ( mob--cat*+ hat1 effect ( tipp+ x4 #dd--;,deck1 wid] view4 ,flor5ce affects to be freez+4 ,bl9k] notices h]1 & is aba%$4 #de--;,close-up ( ,flor5ce4 ,flor5ce freez+1 says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,h[ ,,d>e ,,y ,,lift ,,y\r ,,hat ,,to ,,me1 ,,sir8 ,haughty4 #df--;,close-up ( ,bl9k]4 ,bl9k] /amm]s3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,i ,,didn',t-- ,!n />ts1 admir+4 #dg--;,close-up ( ,flor5ce4 ,flor5ce freez+1 yet eyes tw9kle4 #dh--,wid]-angle view4 ,bl9k] quickly corrects himself by add+3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,i ,,didn',t ,,see ,,h[ ,i ,,c\ld ,,help ,,x--,,aft] ,i ,,saw ,,y4 ,%e appe>s mollifi$4 ,he sits4 #di--;,clos] view1 t[>d wat]4 ,flor5ce says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,i ,,don',t ,,all[ ,,g5tlem5 ,,to ,,sit ,,beside ,,me ,,to ,,:om ,i ,,h ,,n ,,be5 ,,introduc$4 ,com$y z ,bl9k] rises1 !n sits z he sees %e is jok+4 ,!y beg9 to get toge!r4 #ej--,same sc5e1 diff]5t angle4 ,he asks ,flor5ce3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,are ,,y ,,go+ ,,to ,,coney ,,isl&8 ,%e comes back at him3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,c',t ,,y ,,see ,i',m ,,rid+ ,a ,,bicycle ,,up ,,! ,,woolwor? ,,t[]8 ,he is aba%$1 !n gets h] idea1 & says q att5tively3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,i',,ve ,,nev] ,,be5 ,,to ,,coney4 ,,mayn',t ,,we ,,see ,,x ,,toge!r8 ,%e is surpris$1 !n appraises him & temporizes4 ,lead]-- ,,9 ,,due ,,c\rse ,,"o ,,is ,,da%$ ,,into ,,! ,,walks ,,& ,,av5ues ,,( ,,fairyl& ,,gone ,,into ,,vaudeville4 #ea--,/eeple*ase ,amusem5t ,p>k4 ,a long view to %[ ! atmosph]e4#ej ,flor5ce & ,bl9k] 9 ! cr[d4 ,footnote #ej3 ,! boat- & amusem5t-p>k sc5es c only be lightly sket*$ 91 z mu* dep5ds on ! director & 8 locations1 s skeleton action is giv54 #eb--;,clos] view4 ,bl9k] & ,flor5ce4 ,t\gh ) girl4 ,t\gh bl[s cig> smoke 9 ,bl9k]'s face4 ,flor5ce tactfully prev5ts a scrap4 ,%e c't af=d to h cavali] p9*$4 ,(f !y g4 #ec--,"s op5-air amusem5t1 z ,! ,:ip4 ,bl9k] & ,flor5ce on--he is disgu/$4 ,%e is aflame ) excitem5t4 ,he looks disgu/$ly at ! amusem5t1 & %e1 div9+--deject$ly--goes (f ) him4 ,lead]-- ,,flor5ce ,,is ,,div9ely ,,happy--,,= ,,is ,,%e ,,n ,,) ,,h] ,,man--,,keep] ,,( ,,! ,,keys ,,( ,,fairyl&8 #ed--;,front ( a %[4 ,flor5ce 9 ec/asy4 ,ov]comes *agr94 ,goes 9 ) disgu/$ b subdu$ ,bl9k]--subdu$ by a battle royal ) ! mob ar\nd ticket wicket4 #ee--;,inside ! %[4 ,z ,bl9k] helps ,flor5ce into a seat1 an ,italian woman ) bun* ( c&y-/icky kids comes along4 ,9 !y pile1 c&y+ ,bl9k]1 :o disgu/$ly hops out1 ) ,flor5ce1 some:at discomfit$ & provok$ at him1 foll[+4 ,he backs away1 & %e aft] him4 #ef--;,clos] view ( ! two4 ,flor5ce siz+ up ,bl9k]--deliv]s h] op9ion3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,if ,,y ,,expect ,,to ,,h ,,any ,,fun1 ,,y',,ve ,,got ,,to ,,jump ,,9 ,,& ,,act ,,z ,,nutty ,,z ,,! ,,re/ ,,( ,,!m4 ,bl9k] is subdu$1 b h>d to conv9ce4 ,!n he looks at ! wi/fulness ( ,flor5ce's eyes1 & someh[ he decides he w try to ent] into ! _s ( ! ?+4 ,%e sees1 is />ry-ey$--drags him (f1 ec/asy 9 h] face4 #eg--,! fly+ horses4 ,bl9k] ab\t to get on1 ) ,flor5ce pull+ him4 ,!y get on4 ,!y're (f6 ,lead]-- ,,by ,,! ,,magic ,,( ,,flor5ce',s ,,en?usiasm ,,bl9k] ,,sudd5ly ,,sees ,,coney ,,isl& ,,9 ,,its ,,true ,,guise4 #eh--;,fla% on horse4 ,flor5ce all ec/asy4 #ei--;,ano!r horse--p>allel4 ,bl9k] wat*+ ,flor5ce--sudd5 *ange to delight4 #fj--;,horses on track 9 ,/eeple*ase1 runn+ p>allel4 ,! two horses are go+ away f ! cam]a1 & z ,bl9k] turns to smile at ,flor5ce1 %e smiles at him1 &-- ,! sc5e int]poses into-- #fa--;,a roll+ op5 field4 ,tak+ ! place ( ! ,/eeple*ase horses1 we see ,flor5ce & ,bl9k] rid+ at a gallop on real horses1 typify+ _! imag9$ visualization4 ,! sc5e int]poses back into-- #fb--,/eeple*ase horses4 ,bl9k] laughs m]rily at ,flor5ce1 & bo? "w z h>d z !y c to s5d ! horses fa/]4#ea ,footnote #ea3 ,! te*nical int]pose into & its resultant back into are te*nical devices to indicate ! m]g+ ( "o sc5e into ano!r--& ! effect "h not$1 z well z ! foll[+ "o1 :ile v significant if well done1 mu/ n be tak5 z models--!y 7 specially plann$ ) ! k t a director c\ld & w\ld secure !m adequately4 ,see def9ition ( ,int]pose1 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,lead]-- ,,no ,,long] ,,does ,,bl9k] ,,see ,a ,,rabble4 ,,he ,,is ,,among ,,8 ,,bro!rs1 ,,all ,,seek+ ,,an ,,ideal4 #fc--;,front ( tawdry amusem5t place4 ,bl9k] is ) ,flor5ce4 ,z !y come up & li/5 to ! ballyhoo man-- ,! sc5e int]poses into-- #fd--;,front ( fairy ca/le4 ,flor5ce & ,bl9k] z ,pr9ce & ,pr9cess4 ,! sc5e int]poses back into-- #fe--;,front ( amusem5t place4 ,bl9k] & ,flor5ce ru% 9 ) cr[d1 all gay & hil>i\s4 ,lead]-- ,,s ,,bl9k] ,,rolls ,,up ,,! ,,%irtsleeves ,,( ,,8 ,,m9d1 ,,& ,,becomes ,,an ,,ideali/ ,,too4 #ff--;,a %[ 7,slide74 ,good com$y to get "s p com+ d[n a slide1 ) ,bl9k] & ,flor5ce among !m4 #fg--;,bottom ( slide4 ,bl9k] & ,flor5ce get out1 gay z c be--& z !y /roll (f1 !re is a t\* ( s5tim5t4 ,lead]-- ,,! ,,p>t+4 #fh--,p>k entrance4 ,night4 ,bl9k] & ,flor5ce4 ,%e /ops him4 ,he wants to g on ) h]1 b %e says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,i ,,mu/ ,,leave ,,y ,,"h4 ,i ,,don',t ,,want ,,to ,,spoil ,,! ,,fairyl& ,,by ,,%[+ ,,y--',,brickdu/ ,,r[4' ,he tries to p]suade h]4 ,%e is firm4 ,ano!r date = tomorr[4 ,(f %e goes4 ,he ! o!r way4 #fi--,room4 ,flor5ce 9--lights up4 ,sits to dream ( happy day4 #gj--;,bl9k]'s ap>tm5t4 ,lit up4 ,bl9k] 9 to f9d ,simonds wait+4 ,dismisses man1 :o might int]rupt dream ( happy day by pr(f] ( some?+--com$y *ase out1 !n ,bl9k] back to smoke & smile4 #ga--;,flor5ce's room4 ,gas-lit4 ,flor5ce rises to remove dress1 pauses to look at h]self 9 mirror--girli% vanity4 ,lead]-- ,,:5 ,,gang-,,lead] ,,meets ,,gang-,,lead]-- #gb--;,front ( ,brickdu/ ,r[4 ,night4 ,bill saunt]+4 ,pauses to light cig>ette4 ,a rival gang-lead] comes on4 ,fla%--pi/ols--bang--o!r man fires fir/4 ,bill w+s him & turns4 #gc--;,corn]4 ,night4 ,cop he>s %oot+4 ,li/5s to locate x4 #gd--;,front ( ,r[4 ,night4 ,bill hides gun 9 coat4 ,dodges into door4#eb ,footnote #eb3 ,"h ,bill is n introduc$ by lead]1 b is all[$ to *>act]ize himself 9 action4 #ge--;,corn]4 ,night4 ,cop look+ ar\nd--sees-- #gf--;,front ( ,r[4 ,night4 ,man ly+ /ill4 #gg--;,corn]4 ,night4 ,cop bl[s :i/le & runs (f4 #gh--;,hall4 ,gas-lit4 ,bill li/5+4 ,up ! /airs6 ,he may get away6 #gi--;,front r[4 ,night4 ,cop & o!rs ga!r ab\t man4 ,sev]al cops on at a run4 #hj--;,ella's room4 ,gas-lit4 ,bill looks 9 doorway4 ,flor5ce at mirror1 ab\t to loos5 dress4 ,turns4 ,bill comes 94 ,he says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,li/51 ,,sis--,a ,,guy ,,croak$ ,,ano!r ,,fell[--,a ,,cop ,,?9ks ,i ,,done ,,x--,i ,,didn',t--,,s ,,help ,,me ,,god6 ,he is s pa!tic 9 8 fright t %e is torn ) sympa?y4 #ha--;,cops be=e ,brickdu/ ,r[4 ,night4 ,cops decide to look 9 h\se--g 94 #hb--;,ella's room4 ,gas-lit4 ,flor5ce moves close to ,bill & f9ds gun4 ,he nods--says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,t',s ,,:y ,i',m ,,sc>$--,,if ,,!y ,,f9d ,,x ,,!y',,ll ,,p9* ,,me--#ec ,%e nods4 ,bo? />t1 z at a s\nd4 ,footnote #ec3 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 cle> to ! spectators t he is n tell+ ! tru?1 ?\gh n s to ,flor5ce4 #hc--;,hall4 ,gas-lit4 ,cop b\nd+ up ! /airs4 #hd--;,ella's room4 ,gas-lit4 ,bill 9 t]ror4 ,flor5ce sees ! abject fe> 9 8 eyes1 & ! t5d]ness & protective sympa?y ( h] nature are in/antly r\s$4 ,dropp+ ! gun 9 a table draw]1 & sitt+ d[n1 %e motions ,bill to sit opposite1 & comm& himself4 ,%e picks up ne$lework1 & proce$s to *at ) ,bill z unconc]n$ly z if he 7 a con/ant visitor at ! place4 #he--,outside ! door ( ,ella's room4 ,gas light 9 room2 dimm] light 9 hall4 ,! cop comes s(tly to door1 li/5s1 & !n pu%es door quietly inw>d4 #hf--;,ella's room4 ,gas-lit4 ,z ! police (fic] op5s ! door & looks 91 ,flor5ce is quietly sew+1 & ,bill is lean+ back1 at 8 ease1 ?\gh x is an ef=t = him to be unconc]n$4 ,he is smok+4 ,! (fic] hesitates4 ,hold susp5se ( situation4 #hg--;,front ( ,r[4 ,night4 ,ambulance att5dants busy ov] man4 ,/reet cr[d be+ driv5 away by sev]al policem54 #hh--;,ella's room4 ,gas-lit4 ,! (fic] moves =w>d1 8 eyes on ,bill4 ,flor5ce does n betray ! slighte/ sign ( dismay4 ,%e looks at ! intrud] z mu* 9 repro( z 9 surprise4 ,h] /eady look disconc]ts ! policeman2 he %uffles1 cle>s 8 ?roat1 & expla9s 8 se>*1 glanc+ t[>d ,bill4 ,flor5ce says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,liv+ ,,9 ,,! ,,back ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,we ,,don',t ,,he> ,,mu*--,,or ,,my ,,bro!r ,,w\ld ,,h ,,gone ,,d[n ,,to ,,see ,,:at ,,0 ,,up4 ,bill takes up ! lead %e gives by pret5d+ eag]ness z to :at happ5$1 b ! (fic]1 aft] a ha/y look out ov] ! fire escape1 turns & hurries f ! room4 ,bill sighs reliev$ly1 & looks at ,flor5ce ) ! same sort ( light 9 8 eyes t "o sees 9 ^? ( a fai?ful dog4 ,?is dog-l devotion is to be ! develop+ keynote ( ,bill's "*4 #hi--,ro( ( h\se4 ,night4 ,policeman comes up on ro(1 look+ ar\nd4 #ij--;,ella's room4 ,gas-lit4 ,bill is ?ank+ ,flor5ce4 ,%e tells him t %e w g d[n & see :e!r ! coa/ is cle>1 & he sits d[n ) a grateful look z %e goes quietly out4#ed ,footnote #ed3 ,comp>e ! pres5t sc5e & ! "o foll[+1 9 respect to v>y+ treatm5t ( convey$ in=mation4 ,"h ! girl m]ely indicates :at %e int5ds to d1 & h] /atem5t ( ! fact is n giv5 z dialogue-9-sc5e1 s9ce ! next sc5e w make cle> h] unregi/]$ words2 b see h[ dialogue-9-sc5e is employ$ 9 ! sc5e t comes next1 emphasiz+ 9 ! briefe/ way j :at ! play] feels by :at %e ?9ks & unconsci\sly =ms ) h] lips4 #ia--;,front ( ,r[4 ,night4 ,f ! t5em5t doorway4 ,! injur$ man is be+ made to /&4 ,flor5ce comes into ! sc5e1 paus+ on /oop ( ! ,r[ & wat*es z ! injur$ p>ty feigns great pa91 & gasps3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,hone/--,,he ,,ne> ,,croak$ ,,me4 ,i',m ,,dy9'--,,all ,,%ot ,,to ,,pieces4 ,,an' ,,! ,,wor/ ,,is ,i ,,didn',t ,,git ,a ,,*an/ ,,to ,,%oot ,,back ,,at ,,him4 ,! ambulance m5 laugh & tell him to be on 8 way2 he is m sc>$ ?an hurt4 ,flor5ce's face becomes t5se4 ,h] lips =m ! ?\ght t fla%es into h] m9d4 ,he li$--to me6 ,%e turns & goes into h\se4 #ib--;,ella's room4 ,gas-lit4 ,bill looks up eag]ly z ,flor5ce comes 94 ,!n he />es z %e goes swiftly t[>d ! table draw]4 ,he is quick1 b n swift en\gh1 9 8 ru% to =e/all h] z %e gets 8 revolv] & breaks x1 s t ! empty c>tridge & five load$ ones drop into h] h&4 #ic--;,bu/ ( h& hold+ dis*>g$ c>tridge4 ,regi/] ! fact t x has be5 fir$4 #id--;,back to #ib4 ,flor5ce looks up sl[ly4 ,bill figures t %e w give him up n[1 & gives a quick1 hunt$ look ar\nd z ,flor5ce closes ! weapon & lays x on ! table1 fully conv9c$ t %e has be5 li$ to4 ,%e /&s look+ d[n at ! weapon1 h] face brood+4 ,susp5se4 ,:at w %e d ab\t x8 #ie--,ro( ( h\se4 ,night4 ,cop1 ) ano!r4 ,no use look+ fur!r4 ,sep>ate1 "o go+ d[n into t5em5t aga91 o!r across ro( t[>d ano!r desc5t4 #if--;,ella's room--look+ t[>d door4 ,gas-lit4 ,bill 9 an agony ( t]ror z he he>s policeman tramp+ t[>d door4 ,flor5ce looks up1 & moves t[>d ,bill1 :o c[]s4 ,! door />ts to op54 ,flor5ce pities ,bill n[4 #ig--;,ella's room--f hall1 ?r\gh op5+ door4 ,gas-lit4 ,! policeman is go+ to be crafty2 he op5s door1 v s(tly1 & z he pe]s 91 he sees--,flor5ce slipp+ h] arms ab\t ,bill's neck1 giv+ him a si/]ly kiss z %e says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,goodnight1 ,,buddy4 ,,give ,,! ,,kiddies ,a ,,kiss ,,f ,,me4 ,conv9c$1 ! (fic] draws away & goes f sc5e4 ,bill c be se5 t\*+ *eek ,flor5ce kiss$1 look+ at f+] z if expect+ x to %[ ! m>k ( contact4 #ih--;,close-up 9 room1 f ano!r angle1 to get ,flor5ce 9 pr(ile4 ,bill sl[ly & rev]5tly takes ,flor5ce's h&1 & ) devotion 9 e l9e1 says f]v5tly3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,kid--,,y',,re ,,c]ta9ly ,,:ite6 ,,& ,,y ,,are ',,little ,,sis' ,,to ,,me ,,f ,,n[ ,,on6 ,say+ no?+ m1 b look+ at h] ) devot$ eyes1 z %e /&s smil+ h] g5tle smile1 he goes to fire escape1 & z he desc5ds--,fade sl[ly out4 ,lead]-- ,,bill ,,becomes ,,! ,,fai?ful ,,wat*dog1 ,,ask+ ,,only ,a ,,pat1 ,,& ,,is ,,et]nally ,,vigilant ,,le/ ,,h>m ,,come ,,to ,,! ,,object ,,( ,,8 ,,devotion4 ,diaphragm 93 #ii--,p>k entrance4 ,flor5ce wait+4 ,bill is com+ d[n pa?4 ,he sees h] & advances--b %e meets ,bl9k]1 :o is gay & delight$4 ,!y g4 #ajj--;,close-up ( ,bill4 ,no jeal\sy--b suspicion4 ,bill ?9ks su* a man c mean no good4 ,he />ts (f4 #aja--,wid] view4 ,bill se5 to be %ad[+ ,bl9k] & ,flor5ce4 ,lead]-- ,,conv9c$ ,,t ,a ,,guy ,,( ,,bl9k]',s ,,app>5t ,,afflu5ce ,,c ,,mean ,,no ,,good ,,to ,a ,,skirt ,,l ,,sis1 ,,! ,,wat*dog ,,invades ,,fairyl&4 #ajb--,/eeple*ase ,pi]4 ,cr[d com+ (f boat4 ,flor5ce & ,bl9k]4 ,aft] !m1 %ad[+1 comes ,bill4 ,lead]-- ,,?is ,,"t1 ,,!re ,,is ,,no ,,"t ,,lo/ ,,by ,,! ,,infatuat$ ,,bl9k]1 ,,9 ,,gett+ ,,into ,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,! ,,revelry4 #ajc--;,any diff]5t amusem5t device4 ,bl9k] ) ,flor5ce--hav+ a gr& "t4 ,%[ ,bill alo( b wat*ful1 evad+ discov]y c>efully4 ,lead]-- ,,! ,,walk+ ,,beam ,,( ,a ,,coney ,,isl& ,,boat ,,makes ,,j ,,en\gh ,,noise ,,to ,,enable ,,two ,,to ,,conv]se ,,cozily ,,alo( ,,f ,,_! ,,neighbors4 #ajd--;,by walk+ beam4 ,wide en\gh to %[ sev]al c\ples--,flor5ce & ,bl9k] among !m2 n>r[s d[n to ^? two1 aft] ,bill is e/abli%$ 9 backgr\nd1 wat*ful b n int]f]+4 #aje--;,close-up ( ,bl9k]4 ,bl9k]1 9 spell ( love1 says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,flor5ce--,i--,,love ,,y6 ,waits1 brea?less4 #ajf--;,close-up ( ,flor5ce4 ,%e laughs a little tremul\sly b recklessly & says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,t',s ,,:at ,,!y ,,all ,,say4 ,%e beg9s to hum4 #ajg--;,close-up ( ,bl9k]4 ,he is a little impati5t1 & says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,i ,,am ,,ri*4 ,i ,,c ,,give ,,y ,,_m ,,?+s-- ,he is int]rupt$4#ee ,footnote #ee3 ,sket*y1 because 9 ?is case1 ,o4 ,h5ry lead]s are ! important ?+--& !y give suffici5t clue to ! action requir$4 #ajh--;,close-up ( ,flor5ce4 ,%e laughs a little1 & says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,t',s ,,:at ,,!y ,,all ,,say4 ,%e is play+ ) him1 & yet tell+ tru?4 #aji--;,close-up ( ,bl9k]4 ,he is impati5t at ?is repetition4 ,says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,i ,,don',t ,,l ,,y ,,to ,,keep ,,say+ ,,t6 ,he is annoy$4 ,%e is n tak+ him s]i\sly4 #aaj--;,close-up ( ,flor5ce4 ,%e looks at him--wond]s--says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,:y ,,%\ldn',t ,i ,,say ,,x8 ,,!y ,,d6 ,he is puzzl$4 #aaa--;,close-up ( ,bl9k]4 ,surpris$--puzzl$--ang]$--says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,:o ,,are--',,!y'8 ,jeal\s & anxi\s4 #aab--;,close-up ( ,flor5ce4 ,surpris$--innoc5t4 ,says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,:y1 ,,! ,,m5 ,i ,,meet4 ,:at is he driv+ at8 #aac--;,bo?--9 wid] view4 ,flor5ce wond]+4 ,he *anges expression4 ,gr[+ t5sion4 ,asks h]3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,:]e ,,d ,,y ,,meet--,,^! ,,m58 ,%e looks wide-ey$--surpris$--answ]s3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,i ,,meet ,,!m--,,z ,i ,,did ,,y-- ,bl9k] agha/4 ,asks3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,d ,,y ,,"k ,,s ,,_m8 ,%e all[s h]self a laugh--says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,well ,i',m ,,n ,,exactly ,a ,,wall ,,fl[]4 ,he turns away4 #aad--;,close-up ( ,bl9k]4 ,gr[+ t5sion--x is s9k+ 91 & f9ally 8 expression gr[s h>d]4 #aae--;,close-up ( ,flor5ce4 ,%e wond]s--f9ally asks3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,:at',s ,,wrong8 ,h] lips "p 9 amaz$ t]ror4 #aaf--,new angle4 ,close-up ( ,bl9k]4 ,sw+s ^u h] & cries3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,ev]y?+',s ,,wrong6 ,,:y ,,don',t ,,y ,,see ,,^!--,,^! ,,m5--,,at ,,y\r ,,home8 ,,is ,,x ,,necess>y ,,to ,,meet ,,e ,,tom1 ,,dick ,,& ,,h>ry--,,outside8 ,he is gr[+ furi\s4 ,s t is ! sort %e is6 #aag--,pr(ile close-up ( ,flor5ce4 ,%e laughs4 ,h] voice is brassy-h>d1 say+3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,if ,,y ,,c\ld ,,see ',,brickdu/ ,,r[' ,,y ,,w\ldn',t ,,ask ,,t4 ,,! ,,fell[ ,,:o ,,owns ,,x ,,doesn',t ,,give ,,u ,,any ,,place ,,to ,,receive--,,& ,,we ,,c',t ,,take ,,fell[s ,,to ,,our ,,room--,,s-- ,%rugs4 #aah--,wid]-angle view1 ) ,bl9k] ne>e/ cam]a4 ,t5sion4 ,big sc5e z he gets ov] 8 horror & disgu/ & %e realizes x1 & ris+1 disillusion$--exactly z he feels t he is disillusion$ ab\t h]--,sudd5 pause-- #aai--;,deck1 ad lib4 ,fire6 ,excitem5t4 ,:]e8--,:at'll we d8#ef ,footnote #ef3 ,sket*y1 z ?is sort ( mat]ial has to dep5d on boat1 cr[d1 director1 etc4 ,cont9uity only requir$4 #abj--;,deck1 ano!r "p4 ,panic4 ,woman screams4 #aba--,walk+ beam4 ,excit$ scatt]+ ( cr[d4 ,flor5ce turn+ away--,bill com+ =w>d--,bl9k] li/5+4 ,he grabs ,flor5ce by arm4 ,%e draws away4 ,he compels h] to g4 #abb--;,deck4 ,t5sion4 ,wild sc5e4 #abc--,walk+ beam4 ,bill foll[s1 cr[d int]v5+1 z ,bl9k] takes ,flor5ce (f4 ,bill gets aft] !m4 #abd--;,boat davits4 ,wild sc5e4 ,(fic]4 ,sailors4 ,fire & smoke4 ,bl9k] ) ,flor5ce4 ,takes h] away--ano!r boat6 #abe--;,ano!r boat4 ,cr[d m ord]ly4 ,wom5 be+ help$ into boat4 ,bl9k] on ) ,flor5ce4 ,takes h] to boat4 #abf--;,boat davits4 ,sailors %ot at by (fic]4 ,surge away & (f4 #abg--;,fire blaz+4 ,sailors lose heads--da% back f fire & t[>d-- #abh--,o!r boat4 ,fire com+4 ,flor5ce by boat4 ,sailors ru% on & fight4 ,get (fic]'s gun4 ,surr\nd ,flor5ce & ,bl9k]4 #abi--;,diff]5t angle4 ,bl9k] fight+ to save ,flor5ce4 #acj--;,diff]5t view4 ,fire com+ on4 ,bill fight+ way t[>d ,bl9k] & ,flor5ce4 #aca--,o!r boat4 ,bl9k] fight+4 ,flor5ce sep>at$ f him4 ,bill fights way to 8 side4 ,!y notice "o ano!r z m5 ) same idea--jo9 back to back4 ,flor5ce =c$ away4 ,!y try to get to h]4 ,surge ( sailors ov]-runs !m4#eg ,footnote #eg3 ,necess>y dep>ture f ,o4 ,h5ry1 to build up ,bl9k]'s good qualities1 & a*ieve a prep>ation = new f9i%4 #acb--;,deck rail4 ,flor5ce /agg]s on4 ,flames com+4 ,great ,god6 ,:at %all %e d8 ,(f %e races4 #acc--;,boat davits4 ,flames leap+4 ,flor5ce j 9 "t to see boat l[]$ away4 ,too late4 ,driv5 back4 #acd--,o!r boat4 ,bill & ,bl9k] toge!r4 ,sev]al sailors done =1 o!rs l[] boat & g4 ,m5 pe] ab\t1 b smoke too ?ick = !m to see4 #ace--,rail4 ,flor5ce 9 t]ror4 ,sudd5 bla/ ( flame4 ,on rail4 ,leaps4 ,diaphragm out4#eh ,diaphragm 93 ,footnote #eh3 ,purposely uncomplet$ to give susp5se /r5g? to hold ov] into next--sl[+--episode4 #acf--;,bl9k]'s ap>tm5t4 ,man c>+ = ,bl9k]1 some:at burn$4 ,sad & d[nca/4 ,man admits ,oldport4 ,lawy] li/5s to /ory4 #acg--;,hospital entry4 ,bill comes out1 dis*>g$--head b&ag$4 ,he takes a c>d out ( pocket--looks & puts back4 ,he does n "k :at to d1 !n decides1 & goes (f4#ei ,footnote #ei3 ,obs]ve h[ girl's fate is )held till disposition ( less important *>act]s is %[n4 #ach--;,ella's room4 ,flor5ce 9 b$4 ,ella att5d+4 ,bill knocks1 is admitt$4 #aci--;,bl9k]'s ap>tm5t4 ,oldport sees ,bl9k] is able to talk bus9ess4 ,he assumes quizzical air1 says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,maybe ,i ,,c ,,keep ,,y ,,"h ,,long ,,en\gh ,,to ,,take ,,up ,,t ,,def]r$ ,,matt]-- ,bl9k] we>ily ass5ts4 ,oldport beg9s3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,y\r ,,fa!r ,,int5d$ ,,t ,,! ,,p>lors ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,build+s ,,%\ld ,,be ,,us$ ,,by ,,! ,,girl-,,t5ants ,,z ,,places ,,:]e9 ,,to ,,ent]ta9 ,,_! ,,male ,,call]s4 ,bl9k] gives />t ( surprise--qu]y--agony--cries out3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ',,brickdu/ ,,r[1' ,,= ,a ,,million6 ,oldport smiles3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,i ,,believe ,,! ,,girls ,,h ,,"s ,,su* ,,nickname ,,= ,,x4 ,,:at ,,%all ,i ,,d8 ,horrible6 ,bl9k] 9 spasm ( angui%3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,burn ,,x6 ,,raze ,,x6 ,,d ,,:at ,,y ,,l--,,b ,i ,,tell ,,y--,,x',s ,,too ,,late1 ,,man--,,x',s ,,too ,,late6-- ,he fl+s away4 #adj--;,ella's room4 ,bill *att+ ) ,ella4 ,seems to h good feel+ = h]--dev\r+ hot-cake %e has made z he talks ) ,flor5ce1 :o is sitt+ up4 ,he takes out c>d1 says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,t ,,guy ,,y ,,0 ,,wid--,,is ,,he ,,on ,,! ,,squ>e8--,,he ,,a/ ,,me ,,to ,,call ,,on ,,him-- ,flor5ce sudd5ly recalls all t has happ5$4 ,%e turns h] face away1 unable to control te>s ( despond5cy4 #ada--;,bl9k]'s ap>tm5t4 ,oldport goes4 ,bl9k] *ases 8 man1 sits 9 bad mood1 s\r & lovelorn by turns4 #adb--;,ella's room4 ,bill dismay$--dem&s :at he has said4 ,flor5ce sits up--controls h]self4 ,says1 g5tly3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,he--,,he ,,isn',t ,,go+ ,,to--,,see ,,me ,,any ,,m--,i ,,guess4 ,bill is all ang]--,:y8 ,%e tells him3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,i ,,don',t ,,?9k--,,our--,,ways ,,( ,,liv+-- ,%e breaks d[n4 #adc--;,close-up ( ,bill4 ,! son ( a brat6--s he has *uck$ ,little ,sis has he1 ! ri* pik]8 ,well1 ,bill c see ab\t t6 ,( c\rse he ?9ks ! wor/ ( ,bl9k]4 #add--,wid]-angle view4 ,bill rises & tiptoes out4 ,flor5ce weep+ s(tly ) ,ella com=t+--r\gh yet t5d]4 #ade--;,bl9k]'s ap>tm5t4 ,man admits ,bill & is dismiss$4 ,bl9k] he>ty--!n sees ,bill's ang]4 ,rises4 ,big sc5e :]e ,bill d5\nces him1 say+3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,y ,,got ,,to ,,be ,,squ>e ,,) ,,t ,,kid6 ,bl9k] misund]/&s4 ,bill comes ne> to ?rottl+ him1 be=e ,bl9k] c gasp3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,y ,,don',t ,,und]/&--,,x ,,0 ,,only ,a ,,diff]5ce ,,(--,,op9ion-- ,bill waits to f9d out4 ,bl9k] hesitates1 !n1 see+ ?reat1 beg9s to expla94 #adf--;,ella's room4 ,flor5ce seems to be asleep1 & ,ella sneaks (f = "s milk or some?+4 ,flor5ce gets up1 sad & despond5t4 ,sl[ly beg9s to dress4 #adg--;,bl9k]'s ap>tm5t4 ,bill amaz$ at ,bl9k]1 :o ends up3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,x',s ,a ,,"q ,,( ,,e?ics-- ,bill gl[]s & snaps3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,e?ics ,,be ,,damn$6 ,,x',s ,a ,,"q ,,(--,,are ,,y ,,go9' ,,tuh ,,blame ,,h] ,,= ,,! ,,v ,,?+ ,,y ,,made ,,h] ,,d8 ,bl9k] beg9s to consid]4 #adh--;,ella's room4 ,flor5ce dress+ 7susp5se3 ,does %e recall t revolv] & want to add h] trag$y to ! dre>y ones ( ,brickdu/ ,r[87 #adi--;,bl9k]'s ap>tm5t4 ,big realization--,all my fault4 ,bl9k] goes (f ) ,bill4 #aej--;,ella's room4 ,ella soo?+ ,flor5ce4 ,latt] does n wi% to live4 ,all life is black be=e h]4 #aea--;,hall outside door4 ,com$y relief z ,bill & ,bl9k] come on & latt] draws back 9 a natural susp5se z to 8 reception & ,bill tells him to beat x on 96 ,bl9k] knocks1 & goes 94 ,bill pauses4 #aeb--;,ella's room4 ,flor5ce looks up4 ,ella surpris$4 ,bl9k] pauses4 ,ella seems to be attract$ by some?+4 #aec--;,crack ( op5 door4 ,bill is mak+ viol5t ge/ures to get ,ella out4 #aed--;,ella's room4 ,ella cat*es ,bill's idea1 & moves uno/5tati\sly out4 ,!n ,bl9k] /rides to ,flor5ce4 ,he says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,x',s ,,all ,,wrong4 ,i',,ve ,,come ,,to ,,squ>e ,,x4 ,flor5ce is res]v$1 *illy1 z %e says3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,,y ,,mean--,,ab\t ,,! ,,p>lors8 ,bl9k] is beside h]1 & cat*+ h] h&s he cries3 ,cut-9 lead]-- ,i ,,mean--,,ab\t ,,y6--,,& ,,me6 ,9 spite ( h]self1 ,flor5ce is =c$ to lift h] eyes1 & z %e reads ! look 9 8 own %e is compell$ to realize t ! air is cle>$ at la/ & t ! happ9ess t seem$ dead is aga9 alive--palpitant happ9ess t draws h] into 8 ready arms4 #aee--;,hall outside ,ella's room4 ,bill fixes x up ) ,ella to travel d\ble4 ,%e wants to ru% 9 & tell h] *um1 b ,bill /ays h]3 ,nix--let 'em d "s cl9*9' fir/6 #aef--;,ella's room4 ,flor5ce & ,bl9k] embrac+4 ,circle diaphragm closes to blackness4#fj ,footnote #fj3 ,?is is ! script be=e x rea*$ production4 ,if y see ! picture y w no d\bt obs]ve directorial alt]ations t came up dur+ production4 ,9 t case y w h valuable exp]i5ce 9 see+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! orig9al--! script-writ]'s conception--& ! directorial int]pretation4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,m>ket+ ,,! ,,photoplay ,,script ,writ+ ! photoplay is ess5tially an art2 m>ket+ ! photoplay script is a bus9ess2 & ! soon] ! writ] adopts intellig5t1 up-to-date bus9ess me?ods 9 (f]+ 8 /ories1 ! soon] he is likely to f9d ! *ecks com+ 94 ,x is n en\gh m]ely to s5d out y\r script2 x mu/ be s5t to t editor :o is 9 ! m>ket = ! k9d ( script y h writt54 ,z "o editor has said1 ,don't s5d a ,biblical photoplay to a firm t makes a specialty ( ,indian & c[boy subjects4 ,y\r fir/ c>e1 !n1 %\ld be to h z complete a k z possible ( :at e company is do+1 :at k9ds ( /ories !y ne$ at ! "t1 :]e _! field-companies are work+1 &1 above all1 :at k9ds ( scripts c]ta9 companies positively d n want at any "t4 ,= ( c\rse1 !re are companies ) def9itely fix$ policies1 besides conc]ns t ann\nce f "t to "t t !y are unable to use /ories ( ?is or t sort4 ,! mo/ important aids to a ?or\gh k ( ! photoplay m>ket are ! diff]5t mov+-picture trade-j\rnals & ! magaz9es publi%$ exclusively = writ]s4#fa ,by /udy+ !m y w equip y\rself ) a fir/-h& k ( :at ! diff]5t /udio editors ne$1 & s be on ! "r road4 ,don't take a gambl]'s *ance by s5d+ out y\r scripts )\t kn[+ precisely :at is a good prospect4 ,footnote #fa3 ,see ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,9 almo/ e "o ( ! =ego+ *apt]s we h rais$ po9ts t be> ^u ! sell+ ( y\r /ory z well z affect ! p>ticul> "p ( ! script !n be+ discuss$4 ,to repeat "o in/ance1 y 7 advis$ n only to satisfy y\rself t a company is 9 ! m>ket = society /ories1 b to look into ! nature ( ! /ock-company produc+ _! plays4 ,if ! company y select is "o t features a woman 9 mo/ ( its picture-/ories1 & y\rs is a photoplay ) a /rong male lead1 y w\ld be unwise to submit x !re4 ,true1 x might be accept$ & "o ( ! /udio writ]s commission$ to rewrite x 9 ord] to give ! fat "p to ! lead+ woman1 b y\r *eck w\ld be proportionately small] to comp5sate = ! rewrit+--y w\ld1 9 fact1 be paid little m ?an if y _h sold ! b>e idea4 ,9 submitt+ y\r script to a giv5 company1 d n address x to individuals1 unless !re is a v good reason = s do+--& !re seldom is4 ,address y\r lett] ei!r to ! ,editor1 ,blank ,film ,company1 or to ! ,manuscript ,dep>tm5t4 ,mo/ useless ( all is ! practice ( s5d+ to "s p]son :o is kn[n to be associat$ ) a c]ta9 company1 )\t kn[+ j :at 8 position is4 ,once ! photoplaywright has begun to sell 8 scripts1 he w usually pref] to d 8 own m>ket+4 ,if1 he argues1 he is able to write salable photoplays1 :y %\ld he %>e 8 *ecks ) au?ors' ag5ts or photoplay cle>+ h\ses8 ,yet _m writ]s f9d an ag5cy to be advantage\s4 ,b y _h bett] take ! advice ( an exp]i5c$ fri5d be=e committ+ y\r "w to an int]m$i>y--n all are capable & n all are hone/4 ,"o ?+ ! writ] %\ld rememb]3 ,s5d a script to only "o firm at a "t4 ,!re is "o company at lea/1 & !re may be m1 :i* ann\nces t no c>bon copies ( scripts w be consid]$4 ,! implication1 ( c\rse1 is t !y are afraid to pass on c>bon copies = fe> t at ! "t !y are look+ ov] a script x may h be5 already pur*as$ by "s o!r company4 ,if y d s5d out a c>bon copy ( y\r script1 make x pla9 to ! editor 9 y\r accompany+ lett] t ! orig9al script has gone a/ray or be5 de/roy$1 & y are s5d+ ! c>bon 9 its place = t reason4 ,b :y s5d a c>bon script at all8 ,if y ?9k en\gh ( y\r "w to want to see x well-dress$1 make a clean1 fre% copy & take no risks4 ,x is lit]ally true t _m an au?or has spoil$ 8 *ances ( ev] sell+ to c]ta9 companies because he sold a /ory to a second company be=e mak+ c]ta9 t x _h be5 reject$ by ! fir/ to :i* x 0 s5t4 ,imag9e ! complication ( receiv+ a *eck f ,b %ortly aft] ! au?or has _h ^w t ,a has pur*as$ ! same /ory6 ,a manuscript %\ld nev] be roll$--x irritates a busy editor to h to /raight5 out a p]si/5tly curl+ package ( manuscript4 ,! %eets %\ld n be p]man5tly fa/5$ toge!r4 ,x is simple diplomacy to make ! read+ ( y\r script an agreeable task in/ead ( an annoyance4 ,d n fold an #h-a_/b x #aa-;in* %eet ( pap] m ?an twice4 ,fold x b once1 or else make two ev5 folds & ! script w be 9 prop] =m to fit ! legal-siz$ envelope4 ,heavy manilla envelopes are ! /ronge/1 b we h nev] _h cause to compla9 ( ! :ite1 /amp$ envelopes to be _h at any po/-(fice4 ,if y *oose to use ^!1 ask = sizes #h & #i4 ,y\r script1 fold$ twice1 w fit snugly into ! size #h1 :i* is to be ! self-address$ return envelope4 ,d n put y\r ,,ms4 9 ! return envelope4 ,9 enclos+ ! small] envelope1 turn x ) ! op5 side d[n1 s z to avoid hav+ ! flap cut :5 ! out] envelope is op5$ ) a pap] knife4 ,atta* ! full am\nt ( po/age to bo? envelopes2 nev] enclose loose /amps--& nev] =get to /amp ! inn] envelope if y wi% to get y\r manuscript back 9 case ( rejection4 ,at ?is writ+ 7,febru>y1 #aiai71 a ?ree-c5t /amp w br+ x back to y1 b y w h to pay :atev] else is due be=e receiv+ ! lett]2 & if ! /ory sells1 & y receive no?+ b ! *eck1 y w h ! satisfaction ( kn[+ t y h n be5 /+ily economical 9 s5d+ x out4 ,see t y\r "n & address are on ! upp] left-h& corn] ( ! go+ envelope2 be sure1 too1 t ! return envelope is prop]ly self-address$4 ,we %\ld n advise ! "y writ] to put ! price dem&$ = 8 script 9 ! upp] "r-h& corn] ( ! fir/ %eet1 ?\gh ?is is :]e x %\ld g if he does wi% to /ipulate ! am\nt = :i* he w sell x4 ,x is v mu* bett] simply to write3 ,submitt$ at usual rates4 ,ev5 aft] y h sold to a giv5 company1 x is bett]1 z a rule1 to leave ! matt] ( paym5t to ! editor4 ,y may be sure t he w pay y j z mu* z y\r /ory is wor?1 be+ gov]n$ only by ! price-limit fix$ by ! manufactur]4 ,today1 almo/ e manufactur] realizes t ! day ( gett+ some?+ = no?+ is pa/4 ,9 o!r words1 he realizes t ! script--! /ory--is ! v key/one ( ! photoplay ar*1 & if ! /ory is pur*as$ f a free-lance writ]1 he mu/ be prep>$ to pay a fair price = x4 ,x is impossible1 9 a "w ( ?is k9d1 to say :at c]ta9 companies are 9 ! habit ( pay+1 b x may r\ghly be said t ! m9imum price p] reel today is #ej4 ,mo/ ( ! l>g] produc+ companies are glad to pay a m9imum ( #ajj p] reel = satisfactory mat]ial1 & #a1jjj = a five-reel script--or ev5 = a five-reel /ory 9 synopsis =m1 if t is ! company's policy--is regul>ly paid by ^? :o are entitl$ to be call$ ! lead+ produc]s4 ,mo/ companies h a fix$1 uni=m price-scale2 & x w\ld be silly = any "o to say t y w be paid a c]ta9 am\nt = y\r /ory if x suits !m4 ,we h 9 m9d a c]ta9 l>ge company t is 9 ! habit ( pay+ #a1jjj = all ! five-reel synopses x pur*ases4 ,if y\r /ory is n :at ?is company wants1 ( c\rse x w n be pur*as$ at all4 ,if y\r /ory does suit !m1 y may be c]ta9 ( receiv+ a *eck = #a1jjj at lea/--& we say at lea/ because !y h be5 kn[n to pay /ill high] prices if ! /ory is really unusual & h5ce especially valuable to !m4 ,?is same company--z d ne>ly all conc]ns--frequ5tly pays a price greatly exce$+ #a1jjj = ! "w ( au?ors ) big names1 because1 ( c\rse1 ! value ( ! big "n is n to be d5i$4 ,exp]i5ce alone w tea* y :i* companies pay ! be/ prices2 aft] y h sold sev]al scripts1 & h become acqua9t$ ) ! price-scale ( diff]5t /udios1 y w1 if ! play suits t p>ticul> m>ket1 naturally (f] y\r mat]ial fir/ to ! company t has paid y be/4 ,b j z soon z a script comes back f "o company--s long z y feel c]ta9 t x is n 9 y\r p[] to improve x be=e lett+ x g out aga9--s5d x out to ano!r1 & !n to ano!r1 until x is ei!r accept$ or s worn or soil$ t x is politic to recopy x4 ,& don't wait too long to d ?is simple act ( ju/ice to y\r bra9-*ild4 ,:atev] y d1 don't /op ) ?ree or f\r rejections--keep at x until y are sure ! m>ket is exhau/$4 ,b be c]ta9 to review y\r script = possible improvem5ts ea* "t x comes back to y4 ,keep up y\r output4 ,d n write "o /ory1 s5d x out1 & !n wait pati5tly = its return1 or = ! editor's *eck4 ,plan a new /ory1 write x1 & s5d x out4 ,!n plan ano!r & foll[ ! same c\rse4 ,photoplay m>ket+ is a bus9ess1 & a bus9ess man is usually on ! job six days a week4 ,x is be/ n to write a lett] to ! editor1 to accompany y\r script1 unless !re is a v special reason = s do+4 ,nor %\ld ! writ] ru% a lett] ( inquiry (f 9 case he does n he> f ! editor )9 a week or two aft] submitt+ 8 /ory4 ,delay may be a hopeful sign4 ,if y he> no?+ 9 two mon?s x is "t en\gh to write--briefly & c\rte\sly4 ,ne>ly all companies1 h[ev]1 w report well )9 t p]iod4 ,x is utt]ly impossible 9 a "w ( ?is nature to include a li/ ( ! requirem5ts ( e photoplay editor4 ,! policy ( ! manufactur]s is always subject to *ange4 ,_! requirem5ts are gov]n$ by ! numb] ( scripts ( ea* k9d !y h on h&1 ! disposal ( _! field-companies1 ! season ( ! ye>1 ! ability ( _! directors to turn out ! v>i\s k9ds ( pictures1 & also by individual pref]5ces4 ,! way to keep po/$ on ! curr5t ne$s ( ! v>i\s companies is to /udy on ! scre5 ! pictures ( ! diff]5t produc+ firms2 to read 9 ! trade-j\rnals ! synopses ( all ! releases t y d n h ! opportunity ( witness+2 & to keep 9 t\* ) ! ann\ncem5ts made by ! manufactur]s !mselves 9 ! weekly & mon?ly j\rnals m5tion$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,:]e & ,h[ to ,sell ,manuscripts1 by ,william ,b4 ,mc,courtie1 issu$ by ! publi%]s ( ?is book 7#b4ej71 conta9s a frequ5tly revis$ li/ ( ov] #e1jjj m>kets = lit]>y mat]ial ( all sorts1 includ+ photoplays4 ,keep a record ( e script y s5d out4 ,"h is "o simple =m = a manuscript book or c>d index3 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,title ,s5t to ,return$ f ,date ,sold to ,date ,price ,d n let ! pr9t$ rejection slip humiliate y4 ,really great writ]s get !m1 con/antly4 ,?is /atem5t is equally true ( bo? fiction & photoplay writ+4 ,x w\ld take too mu* "t & money = an editorial /aff to write p]sonal lett]s to all :o (f] unsolicit$ manuscript4 ,nev] write petulant or s>ca/ic lett]s :5 y\r (f]+s are reject$4 ,y may ne$ ! good-w ( t editor "s day4 ,al?\gh p]sonal pique seldom actuates him1 he may be frail en\gh to be annoy$ :5 8 well-meant ef=ts are assail$4 ,9 conclusion1 we urge ! writ] to rememb] ! words ( ,dr4 ,johnson3 ,all ! p]=mances ( human art at :i* we look ) praise or wond] are in/ances ( ! resi/less =ce ( p]sev]ance2 x is by ?is t ! qu>ry becomes a pyramid1 & t di/ant c\ntries are unit$ ) canals4 ,,app5dices ,,app5dix ,a ,,"s ,,books ,,deal+ ,,) ,,plot ,,9 ,,fiction #a4 ,,m\lton1 ,,ri*>d ,g42 ,%akespe>e z a ,dramatic ,arti/1 ,ox=d ,press1 ,new ,york1 #ahhe4 #b4 ,,price1 ,,william ,t42 ,te*nique ( ! ,drama1 ,br5tano1 ,new ,york1 #ahib4 #c4 ,,b>rett1 ,,*>les ,,raymond2 ,%ort ,/ory ,writ+1 ,bak] ,taylor1 ,new ,york1 #aijj4 #d4 ,,p]ry1 ,,bliss2 ,a ,/udy ( ,prose ,fiction1 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl91 ,bo/on1 #aijb4 #e4 ,,albright1 ,,evelyn ,,may2 ,! ,%ort-,/ory1 ,macmillan1 ,new ,york1 #aijg4 #f4 ,,hamilton1 ,,clayton2 ,mat]ials & ,me?ods ( ,fiction1 ,bak] ,taylor1 ,new ,york1 #aijh4 #g4 ,,es5we91 ,j4 ,,b]g2 ,writ+ ! ,%ort-,/ory1 ,home ,correspond5ce ,s*ool1 ,spr+field1 ,mass41 #aiji & #aiah4 #h4 ,,phillips1 ,,h5ry ,,alb]t2 ,! ,plot ( ! ,%ort-,/ory4 ,out ( pr9t4 ,see any l>ge libr>y4 #i4 ,,pitk91 ,,walt] ,b42 ,! ,art & ! ,bus9ess ( ,/ory ,writ+1 ,macmillan1 #aiab4 #aj4 ,,es5we91 ,j4 ,,b]g1 & ,,*amb]s1 ,,m>y ,b42 ,! ,art ( ,/ory ,writ+1 ,home ,correspond5ce ,s*ool1 #aiac4 #aa4 ,,wells1 ,,c>olyn2 ,! ,te*nique ( ! ,my/]y ,/ory1 ,home ,correspond5ce ,s*ool1 #aiac4 #ab4 ,,neal1 ,,rob]t ,,wilson2 ,%ort ,/ories 9 ! ,mak+1 ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press1 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 #ac4 ,,note/e91 ,,lucy ,,lilian1 & ,,dunn1 ,,waldo ,,hil>y2 ,! ,mod]n ,%ort-,/ory1 ,b>nes1 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 #ad4 ,,phillips1 ,,h5ry ,,alb]t2 ,univ]sal ,plot ,catalogue1 ,/anhope-,dodge1 #aiae4 #ae4 ,,pa91 ,,b>ry2 ,! ,%ort ,/ory1 ,doran1 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 #af4 ,,bak]1 ,,h>ry ,t42 ,! ,contempor>y ,%ort ,/ory1 ,hea?1 ,bo/on1 #aiaf4 #ag4 ,,williams1 ,,blan*e ,,colton2 ,a ,h&book on ,/ory ,writ+1 ,dodd1 ,mead1 ,new ,york1 #aiag4 ,,app5dix ,b ,,especially ,,helpful ,,books ,,on ,,photoplay ,,writ+ #a4 ,,s>g5t1 ,,epes ,,w9?rop2 ,! ,te*nique ( ! ,photoplay1 ,mov+ ,picture ,_w1 ,new ,york1 #aiac4 ,?ird edition1 #aiag4 #b4 ,,phillips1 ,,h5ry ,,alb]t2 ,! ,photodrama1 ,/anhope-,dodge ,co41 ,l>*mont1 ,n4,y41 #aiad4 #c4 ,,p[ell1 ,a4 ,,van ,,bur52 ,! ,photoplay ,synopsis1 ,home ,correspond5ce ,s*ool1 ,spr+field1 ,mass41 #aiai4 ,,index ,names ( au?ors & companies are pr9t$ 9 capitals2 titles1 & names ( magaz9es1 are pr9t$ 9 italics2 & o!r topics are set 9 pla91 or ,roman type4 ,a ,action1 #c1 #d1 #cj1 #acd-ada1 #cac1 #cad4 ,adrift1 #bid4 ,adv5ture1 #cje4 ,aft] ,fifty ,ye>s1 #cfj4 ,,albright1 ,,evelyn ,,may1 #gd1 #hg1 #ij4 ,,ambrosio ,,company1 #cfj4 ,,am]ican ,,company1 #ib1 #bfh1 #bij4 ,animals1 #bgh1 #bgi4 ,annie ,crawls ,up/airs1 #ceh-cfj4 ,,artcraft1 #gi4 ,b ,backgr\nds1 #bja4 ,,balzac1 #cdh4 ,,b>rett1 ,,*>les ,,raymond1 #bh1 #gd4 ,bells1 ,!1 #cag-cbj4 ,,biograph1 #aec1 #aee1 #aef1 #bja4 ,blue ,book1 ,!1 #cee4 ,bookman1 ,!1 #cef4 ,bottle ,imp1 ,!1 #cfa4 ,,brew/]1 ,,eug5e ,v41 #bfd1 #bfe4 ,brickdu/ ,r[1 #cfc1 #cfe4 ,br++ ,up ,fa!r1 #cdc4 ,,br[n+1 ,,rob]t1 #ceh-cfj4 ,burlesque1 #cbe1 #cbf4 ,,bu%1 ,w4 ,,/eph51 #bhb1 #bhc4 ,bu/1 ,!1 #ag1 #ah1 #afc-aff4 ,,byrne ,,bro!rs1 #cbf4 ,c ,,cabanne1 ,,william ,,*ri/y1 #beb4 ,cam]a1 #ah4 ,cam]aman1 #ah4 ,cam]a tricks1 #aha-ahe4 ,cask ( ,amontillado1 ,!1 #cdh-cej4 ,ca/1 #ah1 #ca1 #cb1 #cg1 #aji-acj1 #cgj4 ,c5sor%ip1 #bhb-bhi1 #cda4 ,c5t] ( int]e/1 #ada-adc4 ,*anges ( sc5e1 #add-afa4 ,*>act]s1 #ah1 #aji-acj1 #adj1 #adb1 #cae1 #caf1 #ccg1 #cch4 ,*ild actors1 #bgi1 #bhh4 ,class ,reunion1 ,!1 #cec4 ,cleopatsy1 #cdb4 ,climax1 #bf1 #aid4 ,close-up1 #ah1 #aff-agf4 ,,c(fey1 ,,rob]t ,e41 #big4 ,,cohan1 ,,george1 #bhi4 ,,coll9s1 ,,wilkie1 #cje4 ,com$y ,photoplays1 #b1 #hc1 #hd1 #cbd-cdf4 ,com+ ,nation1 ,!1 #bib1 #bic4 ,complication1 #hi4 ,concis5ess1 #aih1 #aii4 ,cont9uity3 ,see ,sc5>io4 ,,coop]1 ,,fr$]ick ,,tab]1 #cef4 ,coop]-,hewitt lights1 #bdg4 ,cord ( ,life1 ,!1 #aee1 #aef4 ,co/ume plays1 #bhj4 ,c\nt ( ,monte ,cri/o1 ,!1 #ahi1 #aij4 ,,c[ell1 ,,h>ry1 #ge1 #gg4 ,crime 9 photoplays1 #bhd1 #bhe4 ,cut-back1 #ai1 #aeb-aeg4 ,cut-91 #ai1 #aeh-afa1 #bcc-bcg4 ,cutt+1 #ai4 ,d ,daphne & ! ,pirates1 #bec4 ,d5\em5t1 #hi4 ,devil ,/one1 ,!1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #cba4 ,dialogue1 #c1 #bjj1 #bja4 ,diaphragm1 #ai1 #bj4 ,diaphragm+-9 & -out3 ,see ,fade-91 & ,fade-out4 ,,dick5s1 ,,*>les1 #ahe-ahg4 ,director1 #bj1 #aae1 #aaf1 #bab-bad4 ,do+ a picture1 #bj4 ,d\ble exposure1 #bj1 #ahe-ahh4 ,,doyle1 ,a4 ,,conan1 #cdh-cea1 #ced4 ,dramatic ,mirror1 ,!1 #adj1 #bfc1 #ceg4 ,dramatic photoplay1 ,!1 #b4 ,dreams1 #agf-aha4 ,,drew1 ,,john1 #ccc4 ,,drew1 ,,mr4 ,,& ,,mrs4 ,,sidney1 #cbi1 #ccc-cce4 ,dual-"* films1 #ahe-ahh4 ,du*ess at ,pray]1 ,!1 #cdh4 ,,dumas1 ,,alex&]1 #ahi4 ,e ,eagle's ,eye1 ,!1 #aha-ahc1 #aif1 #bgd4 ,,edison1 #c1 #gh1 #aaa1 #agb1 #bge1 #big1 #ceh-cfj4 ,edit+ a ,motion ,picture1 #bbg4 ,editor1 #bj1 #hd1 #he4 ,educational films1 #b1 #c4 ,,edw>ds1 ,,john ,,milton1 #hb4 ,eight ,bells1 #cbf4 ,episode1 #aid4 ,,essanay1 #gg4 ,ev]ybody's ,girl1 #cfc-djg4 ,exp5se ( production1 #bfh-bha4 ,ext]iors1 #bj1 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,extras1 #ba4 ,extravaganza1 #cbf4 ,f ,fade 91 #ba4 ,fade out1 #ba4 ,,fairbanks1 ,,d\glas1 #b1 #ajb4 ,fak$ sc5es1 #bfi-bgb4 ,,fam\s ,,play]s1 #ahi1 #aij4 ,f>ce1 #b1 #cbd1 #cbe4 ,,f>num1 ,,william1 #ahf4 ,feature photoplays1 #bd1 #ahh-aic4 ,fiction ,factory1 ,!1 #hb4 ,fiction writ+ an aid to photoplay writ+1 #e-af4 ,fig>o1 ,p>is1 #cjh1 #cji4 ,,fildew1 ,,william ,e41 #beb1 #bec4 ,film1 #ba1 #bb4 ,,f9e ,,arts1 #bec4 ,,fi%]1 ,,bud1 #cdc4 ,footage1 #bb4 ,fox1 #ahf-ahh4 ,frame1 #bb4 ,,frohman1 ,,daniel1 #cjd4 ,g ,,goldwyn1 #he4 ,gr&e ,brete*e1 ,la1 #cdh4 ,,gre51 ,,anna ,,ka!r9e1 #ach4 ,,griffi?1 ,d4,w41 #aec1 #aeg1 #afg1 #bbf1 #ccf4 ,h ,hackney$ !mes1 #bif-cjj4 ,,halevy1 ,,ludovic1 #cjg4 ,hamlet1 #cbe1 #cbf4 ,,h>rison1 ,,l\is ,,reeves1 #ia1 #bic4 ,,haz>d1 ,,floyd ,,hamilton1 #cjd1 #cbb4 ,,hazlitt1 ,,william1 #cch4 ,he>t-int]e/1 #bic1 #cje4 ,he>ts ( ! ,_w1 #aeg4 ,,h5ry1 ,o41 #bja1 #cea1 #ceb1 #cfc4 ,,hoadley1 ,c4,b41 #acb1 #adi4 ,,hoagl&1 ,,h]b]t ,,case1 #acd1 #ach1 #cja1 #cbb1 #cef4 ,,h(fman1 ,,ar?ur ,s41 #cje1 #cjf4 ,h[ to ,write a ,photoplay1 #acd1 #cja1 #cef4 ,human int]e/1 #cje1 #cjf4 ,humor3 ,see ,com$y4 ,i ,idea1 #bb4 ,9 ! ,c\ntry ,god ,=got1 #hb4 ,inc5di>y ,=eman1 ,!1 #bgc4 ,ins]t1 #bb1 #aeg-afa1 #bah-bdd4 ,int]e/ c5traliz$1 #ada-adc4 ,int]pose1 #bb1 #chg4 ,intol]ance1 #afg1 #afh4 ,,irv+1 ,,sir ,,h5ry1 #cag4 ,,irw91 ,,may1 #cbe4 ,j ,,jacobs1 ,w4,w41 #cee4 ,,johnson1 ,,samuel1 #dae4 ,k ,kais]1 ,!1 #abg4 ,,kalem1 #acb4 ,,katt]john1 ,,monte ,m41 #cjb4 ,,ke5an1 ,,frank1 #cbj4 ,,key/one ,,com$y1 #cbi4 ,l ,,lang1 ,,phil1 #acb1 #acc4 ,lead]s1 #d1 #bb1 #aeg-afa1 #bah-bdd4 ,leav5wor? ,case1 ,!1 #ach4 ,lett]s1 #bcg-bdb4 ,light+1 #bdg-bdi1 #bhj1 #bha4 ,little ,/one ,god1 ,!1 #cee4 ,location1 #bb1 #bc1 #aff4 ,,lub91 #gh4 ,m ,macbe?1 #bhb1 #cah4 ,,macgra?1 ,,h>old1 #cja1 #cjb4 ,,mcmanus1 ,,george1 #cdc4 ,magaz9e ,mak]1 ,!1 #ge1 #gg4 ,manuscript record1 #dae4 ,m>ket+ ! photoplay1 #djh-dae4 ,mask1 #afa-afc4 ,,maude1 ,,cyril1 #ccc4 ,,maupassant1 ,,guy ,,de1 #cea4 ,memories1 #agf-aha4 ,,m]w91 ,,banni/]1 #agb-age1 #aib1 #aig1 #big4 ,,metro1 #ccc4 ,monkey's ,paw1 ,!1 #cee4 ,,moore1 ,,john ,,rob]t1 #cfa1 #cfb4 ,mortma91 #ahd1 #ahe4 ,motion ,picture ,classic1 #bfc4 ,motion ,picture ,magaz9e1 #bfc1 #bfd4 ,motion ,picture ,news1 #bfc1 #ccf4 ,motion ,picture ,/ory1 ,!1 #bdb4 ,motivation1 #hh4 ,motography1 #bfc4 ,mov+ ,picture ,/ories1 #ae1 #bfd4 ,mov+ ,picture ,_w1 ,!1 #bi1 #ia1 #ajc1 #abj-abb1 #acb1 #acc1 #agd1 #bbg1 #bca1 #beb1 #bec1 #bfc1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bhf1 #bic1 #ccb1 #ccd1 #cce4 ,multiple reel1 #bc1 #bd4 ,murd]s 9 ! ,rue ,morgue1 ,!1 #cfa4 ,mutt & ,jeff1 #cdc4 ,n ,names1 #abj-abf4 ,necklace1 ,!1 #cea4 ,negative1 #bc4 ,,nehls1 ,r4,r41 #ib1 #bfh1 #bgj1 #bij1 #bia4 ,,ne/or1 #cd4 ,new ,catacomb1 ,!1 #cdh-cej1 #ced4 ,o ,objectionable subjects1 #bhb-cjc4 ,old ,musician1 ,!1 #abi4 ,,opp5heim1 ,,james1 #ceh-cfj4 ,orig9ality1 #bfj-bfb1 #cdg-cfb4 ,outdoor sc5es1 #bj1 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,ov]-cond5sation1 #aii1 #bbc-bbe4 ,p ,padd+1 #ahi4 ,panorams1 #afh1 #bce4 ,,p>am\nt1 #abg1 #bcf1 #cba4 ,"p1 #bd4 ,,pa!1 #bgc1 #cai1 #cbb1 #cdb4 ,,phillips1 ,,h5ry ,,alb]t1 #hg4 ,photograph+1 #bjh-baj4 ,photoplay3 con/ruction (1 def9$1 #a-d2 k9ds (1 #b2 t]ms1 #ag-bh4 ,photoplay ,au?or1 ,!3 ,see ,! ,writ]'s ,mon?ly4 ,photoplay ,magaz9e1 #bhf1 #bhh4 ,,pick=d1 ,,m>y1 #afh4 ,picture-,play ,magaz9e1 #bfc4 ,pi]re ( ! ,nor?1 #abi4 ,pippa ,passes1 #ceh-cfj4 ,plagi>ism1 #cej-ceg4 ,plot1 #g1 #h1 #af1 #bc1 #cj1 #hg-ie1 #acf1 #bee-bff4 ,plot ( ! ,%ort ,/ory1 ,!1 #bc1 #hg4 ,,poe1 ,,edg> ,,allan1 #cdh-cej1 #cfa1 #cfb4 ,positive1 #bc4 ,,p[ell1 ,a4 ,,van ,,bur51 #cfc-djg4 ,,prevo/1 ,,m>cel1 #cjh4 ,,pribyl1 ,,john ,f41 #bhc-bhe4 ,pr9t1 #bc4 ,r ,r$ ,cross1 #c1 #cjj4 ,reel1 #bd4 ,,reeve1 ,,ar?ur ,b41 #aic4 ,re=mation ( ,calliope1 ,!1 #ceb4 ,regi/]1 #bd1 #be4 ,rehe>sals1 #bdi1 #bej4 ,release1 #be4 ,s ,,s>g5t1 ,,epes ,,w9?rop1 #bi1 #gg1 #ajc1 #ajg1 #abj-abb1 #aef1 #aeg1 #afe1 #agb1 #age1 #bbh1 #bdb1 #bej1 #bij1 #cje1 #ccb4 ,sc5>io1 #ai1 #be1 #bi1 #cb1 #cg-ed1 #aca-bjc1 #cga-djg4 ,sc5e1 #be1 #add-afa1 #bjd-bag1 #bca4 ,sc5e-plot1 #be1 #cb1 #cc1 #bjd-bag4 ,script1 #be1 #bf2 its compon5t p>ts1 #bi-cc2 me*anical prep>ation (1 #ee-ga4 ,,seitz1 ,,george ,b41 #aid4 ,,selig1 #b1 #gh1 #abi1 #ahi1 #aij1 #bhc-bhe4 ,sequ5ce 9 ! action1 #ace-acg4 ,s]ials1 #bf1 #aic4 ,set1 #bf1 #bjd-bag4 ,sett+1 #bf1 #aff1 #bjd-bag4 ,%ort ,/ory1 ,!1 #gd1 #hg1 #ij4 ,%ort-,/ory ,writ+1 #bh4 ,situation1 #bf1 #bg4 ,split reel3 ,see ,reel4 ,/age1 #bg1 #bde-bed4 ,/ock p1 #bg4 ,/op-cam]a "w1 #agf-aha4 ,,/ory1 ,,walt]1 #bhc-bhe4 ,/r& ,magaz9e1 #ceb1 #ced4 ,,/r+]1 ,,ar?ur1 #ahd1 #ahe4 ,/ruggle1 #hi4 ,/udio1 #bg4 ,subject1 #bh4 ,sub-title3 ,see ,lead]4 ,,sullivan1 ,c4 ,,g>dn]1 #abg4 ,sun1 ,new ,york1 #cjd4 ,sun1 ,s& & ,solitude1 #hb4 ,sup]ba1 #cbf4 ,sup]-imposure3 ,see ,d\ble exposure4 ,susp5se1 #acg-adj1 #aeg1 #aie4 ,swell ,miss ,fitzwell1 ,!1 #cbe4 ,synopsis1 #ca1 #ce-cg1 #hg-aji1 #cfe-cgj4 ,t ,tale ( ,two ,cities1 ,a1 #ahe-ahg4 ,te*nique ( ! ,photoplay1 ,!1 #afe1 #bdb4 ,,?anh\s]1 #bgb4 ,!mes1 desirable1 #cjd-cbc2 undesirable1 #bhb-cjc4 ,?irte5? ,man1 ,!1 #cec4 ,,?omas1 ,a4,w41 #bhh4 ,?ree ,fri5ds1 #aec1 #bja4 ,t9t+1 #bh4 ,title1 #bh1 #gb-hf4 ,,tremayne1 ,w4,a41 #abi4 ,,triangle1 #gi1 #abg4 ,trite !mes1 #bif-cjj4 ,typewrit+1 #ei-gj4 ,u ,,univ]sal1 #cd1 #abg1 #big4 ,v ,,v]ne1 ,,jules1 #caa4 ,visions1 #bh1 #agf-aha4 ,visualization1 #acb1 #acc4 ,,vitagraph1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #abi1 #aga1 #agb1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #bgg1 #bgh1 #big1 #cjb1 #cej1 #cfc4 ,w ,wa/$ ,sacrifice1 ,a1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #bgg1 #bgh1 #cjb4 ,,web]1 ,,lois1 #bca4 ,,wells1 ,,elm] ,n41 #abi4 ,,:>ton1 #aha-ahc1 #aif1 #bgd4 ,,:>ton1 ,,edi?1 #cdh4 ,)\t ,rew>d1 #cd-ed1 #bjh-bab4 ,,woods1 ,,frank ,e41 #bbf1 #bbg1 #ceg4 ,,wright1 ,,william ,,"l1 #bdb1 #bdc4 ,writ]s ( photoplays1 ,previ\s tra9+ (1 #e-af4 ,writ]'s ,mon?ly1 ,!1 #ih1 #ajg1 #acb1 #adi1 #bfd4 ,writ+ = ! ,magaz9es1 #cch-cda4 ,writ+ ! ,%ort-,/ory1 #bc1 #gg1 #hg1 #ceg4