,transcrib$ f ! #ahhi ,cassell ,company edition by ,david ,price1 email ccx#jgd;cov5try4ac4uk ,,consolations ,,9 ,,travel2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,la/ ,,days ,,( ,a ,,philosoph]4 ,,by ,,sir ,,humphry ,,davy1 ,,b>t41 ,late ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,,cassell ,,company1 ,,limit$3 ,,london1 ,,p>is1 ,,new ,,york ,,melb\rne4 #ahhi ,,introduction4 ,humphry ,davy 0 born at ,p5zance1 9 ,cornwall1 on ! #ag? ( ,decemb]1 #aggh1 & di$ at ,g5eva on ! #bi? ( ,may1 #ahbi1 at ! age ( fifty4 ,he 0 a philosoph] :o turn$ k to wisdom2 he 0 "o ( ! =emo/ ( our ,engli% m5 ( sci5ce2 & ?is book1 writt5 :5 he 0 dy+1 :i* makes ,reason ! companion ( ,fai?1 %[s h[ he pass$ ?r\gh ! light ( e>? into ! light ( heav54 ,8 fa!r _h a small patrimony at ,v>fell1 9 ,ludgvan4 ,8 "m _h lo/ 9 e>ly *ildhood bo? h] p>5ts )9 a few h\rs ( ea* o!r1 & _h be5 adopt$ by ,john ,tonk91 an em95t surgeon 9 ,p5zance1 to :om1 !re=e1 s to speak1 ,humphry ,davy became gr&son by adoption4 ,!re 7 five su* gr&*ildr5--,humphry1 ! eld] ( two boys1 ! o!r boy be+ nam$ ,john1 & ?ree girls4 ,at a prep>atory s*ool & at ! ,p5zance ,gramm> ,s*ool ,humphry ,davy 0 a noticeable boy4 ,he read eag]ly & %[$ great quickness ( imag9ation1 delight$ 9 leg5ds1 :5 eight ye>s old told /ories to 8 companions1 & z a boy wrote v]se4 ,!re 0 a ,quak] saddl] :o made = himself an electrical ma*9e & me*anical models1 9 :i* "y ,davy took ke5 int]e/1 & f t saddl]1 ,rob]t ,dunk91 came ! fir/ impulse t[>ds exp]im5ts 9 sci5ce4 ,at fifte5 ,davy 0 plac$ = fur!r education at a s*ool 9 ,truro4 ,a ye> lat] 8 fa!r di$1 & ,john ,tonk9 appr5tic$ him1 on ! #aj? ( ,febru>y1 #agie1 to ,dr4 ,borlase1 a surgeon 9 l>ge practice at ,p5zance4 ,m$ical practition]s 9 ^? days disp5s$ _! own m$ic9es1 & ! inquir+ m9d ( ?is "y appr5tice be+ let loose ^u a /ore-room ( *emicals1 exp]im5tal *emi/ry became 8 fav\rite pursuit4 ,8 gr&fa!r1 by adoption1 all[$ him to fit up a g>ret z a laboratory1 not)/&+ ! fe>s ( ! h\sehold t ,?is boy1 ,humphry1 w bl[ u all into ! air4 ,activity & orig9ality ( m9d1 ) a p]si/5t habit ( inquiry & exp]im5t1 br\ght ,davy fri5ds :o c\ld appreciate & help him4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,b$does1 ( ,bri/ol1 0 exam9+ ! ,corni% coa/1 9 #agih1 he came ^u "y ,humphry ,davy1 0 told ( rese>*es made by him1 & urg$ to engage him z laboratory assi/ant 9 a ,pneumatic ,in/itution t he 0 !n e/abli%+ 9 ,bri/ol4 ,davy w5t 9 ,octob]1 #agih1 !n 9 8 tw5tie? ye>2 b 8 good fri5d1 & gr&fa!r by adoption1 _h set 8 he>t ^u ,humphry's becom+ an em95t burgeon1 & ev5 alt]$ 8 w :5 8 boy yield$ to ! temptation ( a laboratory = rese>*4 ,m5 also "k some?+ ( ! tr\ble ( ! h5 :o has a *ance duckl+ 9 h] brood1 & sees t contumaci\s *ick5 run into ! wat] deaf to all ! w>n+s ( h] love4 ,at ,bri/ol ,humphry ,davy came into companion%ip ) ,col]idge & ,s\!y1 :o 7 !n also at ! outset ( _! c>e]1 & !re are poems ( 8 9 ! ,poetical ,an?ology !n publi%$ by ,s\!y4 ,b at ! same "t ,davy contribut$ pap]s on ,heat1 ,light1 & ! ,comb9ations ( ,light1 on ,phos-,oxyg5 & its ,comb9ations1 & on ,! ,!ory ( ,respiration1 to a volume ( ,we/ ,c\ntry ,collections1 t fill$ m ?an half ! volume4 ,he 0 exp]im5t+ !n on gases & on galvanism1 & "o day by exp]im5t ^u himself1 9 ! brea?+ ( c>burett$ hydrog51 he almo/ put an end to 8 life4 ,9 #agii ,c\nt ,rum=d 0 f\nd+ ! ,royal ,in/itution1 & its home 9 ,albem>le ,/reet 0 !n b\ght = x4 ,! fir/ lectur] appo9t$ 0 9 bad heal?1 & 9 #ahja he 0 oblig$ to resign4 ,"y ,davy 0 n[ kn[n to m5 ( sci5ce = ! numb] & fre%ness ( 8 exp]im5ts1 & = ! sub/antial value ( 8 *emical discov]ies4 ,x 0 resolv$ by ! manag]s1 9 ,july1 #ahja1 t ,humphry ,davy be appo9t$ ,assi/ant-,lectur] 9 ,*emi/ry1 ,director ( ! ,*emical ,laboratory1 & assi/ant-editor ( ! j\rnals ( ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,8 fir/ remun]ation 0 a room 9 ! h\se1 coals & c&les1 & #ajj p\nds a ye>4 ,c\nt ,rum=d held out ! prospect ( a pr(essor%ip ) #cjj p\nds a ye>1 & ! c]ta9ty ( full support 9 ! use ( ! laboratory = 8 own private rese>*4 ,8 age !n 0 tw5ty-?ree4 ,he at once satisfi$ m5 ( sci5ce & amus$ p ( fa%ion4 ,8 en]gy 0 unb\nd$2 !re 0 a fasc9ation 9 8 p]sonal "* & mann]4 ,he 0 a g5ial & delightful lectur]1 & 8 inv5tive g5ius 0 cont9ually f9d+ some?+ new4 ,a fir/ sugge/ion ( ! process ( photography 0 dropp$ incid5tally among ! records ( rese>*es t attract$ m att5tion4 ,davy _h be5 little m ?an a ye> at ! ,royal ,in/itution :5 he 0 made its ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry4 ,aft] ano!r ye> he 0 made a ,fell[4 ,dr4 ,p>is1 8 biograph]1 says t ! en?usia/ic admiration :i* 8 lectures obta9$ is at ?is p]iod sc>cely to be imag9$4 ,m5 ( ! fir/ rank & tal5t--! lit]>y & ! sci5tific1 ! practical1 ! !oretical--blue-/ock+s & wom5 ( fa%ion1 ! old & ! "y1 all cr[d$--eag]ly cr[d$--! lecture-room4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #ahje 8 sal>y 0 rais$ to #djj p\nds a ye>4 ,9 ,may ( t ye> ! ,royal ,society aw>d$ to him ! ,copley ,m$al4 ,)9 ! next two ye>s he 0 elect$ ,secret>y ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,s9ce #ahjj he _h be5 advanc+ k by exp]im5ts ) galvanism4 ,! ,royal ,in/itution rais$ a special fund to place at 8 disposal a m p[]ful galvanic batt]y ?an any t _h be5 con/ruct$4 ,! fame ( 8 discov]ies spread ov] ,europe4 ,! ,in/itute ( ,france gave ,davy ! ,napoleon ,prize ( ?ree ?\s& francs = ! be/ exp]im5ts 9 galvanism4 ,dubl91 9 #ahaj1 paid ,davy f\r hundr$ gu9eas = "s lectures ^u 8 discov]ies4 ,! ,f>m+ ,society ( ,irel& gave him #gej p\nds = six lectures on *emi/ry appli$ to agriculture4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> he receiv$ m ?an a ?\s& p\nds = two c\rses ( lectures at ,dubl91 & 0 s5t home ) ! honor>y degree ( ,,ll4,d4 ,9 ,april1 #ahab1 he 0 knight$1 resign$ 8 pr(essor%ip at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 & 9 ord] m /rongly to m>k ! high s5se ( 8 m]its he 0 elect$ ,honor>y ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry4 ,9 ! same mon? ,davy m>ri$ a "y & ri* wid[1 :o _h *>m$ all ,ed9burgh by h] beauty & h] wit4 ,two mon?s aft] m>riage ,sir ,humphry ,davy d$icat$ to 8 wife 8 ,elem5ts ( ,*emical ,philosophy4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahac1 he publi%$ 8 ,elem5ts ( ,agricultural ,*emi/ry4 ,he travell$ abroad1 & 0 receiv$ ) hon\r by ! *ief m5 ( sci5ce 9 all places t he visit$4 ,:51 at ,pavia1 he fir/ met ,volta3 he f\nd t ,volta _h put on full-dress to receive him4 ,9 ,augu/1 #ahae1 ,davy's att5tion 0 drawn to ! loss ( life by explosions ( fire-damp1 & by ! end ( ! ye> he _h devis$ 8 safety-lamp4 ,! coal own]s subscrib$ #a1ejj p\nds = a te/imonial1 gave him also a d9n] & a s]vice ( plate4 ,9 ,octob]1 #ahah1 he 0 made a b>onet4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahbj1 he 0 elect$ ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,8 next rese>*es 7 *iefly on electro-magnetism & ! protection ( ! copp] %ea?+ on %ips' bottoms4 ,at ! end ( #ahbf 8 heal? fail$ s]i\sly4 ,he w5t to ,italy2 resign$1 9 ,july1 #ahbg1 ! ,presid5cy ( ! ,royal ,society2 came back to ,engl&1 long+ = ! fre% air ( ! m\nta9s2 wrote & publi%$ 8 ,salmonia1 or ,days ( ,fly-fi%+4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahbh he left ,engl& aga94 ,he 0 at ,rome 9 ! w9t] ( #ahbi1 /ill engag$ 9 quiet rese>*1 & x 0 !n t he wrote 8 ,consolations 9 ,travel2 or1 ! ,la/ ,days ( a ,philosoph]4 ,8 wife1 :o %one 9 ,london society1 did n g ) him ^u ?is la/ j\rney1 b travell$ day & night to rea* him :5 ^w came to h] & to 8 bro!r ,john1 :o 0 a physician1 t he _h aga9 be5 /ruck ) palsy & 0 dy+4 ,t /roke ( palsy foll[$ imm$iately ^u ! f9i%+ ( ! book n[ 9 ! read]'s h&4 ,davy liv$ to see aga9 8 wife & bro!r1 ralli$ en\gh to leave ,rome ) !m1 & _h got z f> z ,g5eva on ! #bh? ( ,may1 #ahbi4 ,he di$ 9 ! next night4 ,h4 ,m4 ,a ,,note1 ,prefix$ to ! ,fir/ ,edition1 by ,sir ,humphry ,davy's ,bro!r4 ,z is /at$ 9 ! ,preface :i* foll[s1 ?is "w 0 compos$ dur+ a p]iod ( bodily indisposition2--x 0 conclud$ at ! v mom5t ( ! invasion ( ! ,au?or's la/ illness4 ,_h 8 life be5 prolong$1 x is probable t "s additions & "s *anges w\ld h be5 made4 ,! editor does n consid] himself w>rant$ to d m ?an give to ! _w a fai?ful copy1 mak+ only a few omissions & a few v]bal alt]ations4 ,! *>act]s ( ! p]sons ( ! dialogue 7 int5d$ to be ideal1 at lea/ 9 great "p su* !y %\ld be consid]$ by ! read]2 &1 x is to be hop$1 t ! incid5ts introduc$1 z well z ! p]sons1 w be view$ only z subord9ate & subs]vi5t to ! s5tim5ts & doctr9es4 ,! d$ication1 x may be specially notic$1 is ! au?or's own1 & 9 ! v words dictat$ by him1 at a "t :5 he _h lo/ ! p[] ( writ+ except ) extreme difficulty1 ow+ to ! p>alytic attack1 al?\gh he reta9$ 9 a v rem>kable mann] all 8 m5tal faculties unimpair$ & uncl\d$4 ,,john ,,davy4 ,london1 ,janu>y #f?1 #ahcj4 ,,to ,,?omas ,,poole1 ,,esq4 ,,( ,,ne!r ,,/[ey ,,9 ,,remembrance ,,( ,,?irty ,,ye>s ,,( ,,cont9u$ ,,& ,,fai?ful ,,fri5d%ip4 ,,au?or',s ,,preface4 ,salmonia 0 writt5 dur+ ! "t ( a p>tial recov]y f a long & dang]\s illness4 ,! pres5t "w 0 compos$ imm$iately aft]1 "u ! same unfav\rable & pa9ful circum/ances1 & at a p]iod :5 ! con/itution ( ! ,au?or suff]$ f new attacks4 ,he has d]iv$ "s pleasure & "s consolation1 :5 mo/ o!r s\rces ( consolation & pleasure 7 clos$ to him1 f ?is ex]cise ( 8 m9d2 & he v5tures to hope t ^! h\rs ( sickness may be n altoge!r unpr(itable to p]sons 9 p]fect heal?4 ,rome1 ,febru>y #ba1 #ahbi4 ,,dialogue ,,! ,,fir/4 ,,! ,,vision4 ,i pass$ ! autumn & ! e>ly w9t] ( ! ye>s #ah-- & #ah-- at ,rome4 ,! society 01 z is usual 9 t metropolis ( ! old ,*ri/ian _w1 num]\s & div]sifi$4 ,9 x !re 7 f\nd _m intellectual =eign]s & among/ !m "s di/+ui%$ ,britons1 :o _h a high] object 9 mak+ ?is city _! resid5ce ?an m]e idl5ess or vague curiosity4 ,among/ ^! my c\ntrym51 !re 7 two g5tlem5 ) :om ,i =m$ a p>ticul> intimacy & :o 7 my frequ5t companions 9 ! visits :i* ,i made to ! monum5ts ( ! gr&eur ( ! old ,romans & to ! ma/]pieces ( anci5t & mod]n art4 ,"o ( !m ,i %all call ,ambrosio3 he 0 a man ( highly cultivat$ ta/e1 great classical erudition1 & m9ute hi/orical k4 ,9 religion he 0 ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic p]suasion2 b a ,ca?olic ( ! mo/ lib]al s*ool1 :o 9 ano!r age might h be5 secret>y to ,ganganelli4 ,8 views ^u ! subjects ( politics & religion 7 enl>g$2 b 8 lean+ 0 r to ! p[] ( a s+le magi/rate ?an to ! au?ority ( a democracy or ev5 ( an olig>*y4 ,! o!r fri5d1 :om ,i %all call ,onuphrio1 0 a man ( a v diff]5t "*4 ,belong+ to ! ,engli% ari/ocracy1 he _h "s ( ! prejudices usually atta*$ to bir? & rank2 b 8 mann]s 7 g5tle1 8 temp] good1 & 8 disposition amiable4 ,hav+ be5 p>tly educat$ at a nor!rn univ]sity 9 ,brita91 he _h adopt$ views 9 religion :i* w5t ev5 beyond tol]ation & :i* might be reg>d$ z ent]+ ! v]ge ( scepticism4 ,= a patrician he 0 v lib]al 9 8 political views4 ,8 imag9ation 0 poetical & discursive1 8 ta/e good & 8 tact extremely f9e1 s exquisite1 inde$1 t x sometimes approa*$ to morbid s5sibility1 & disgu/$ him ) slight defects & made him ke5ly s5sible ( small p]fections to :i* common m9ds w\ld h be5 indiff]5t4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,octob] on a v f9e aft]noon ,i drove ) ^! two fri5ds to ! ,colosaeum1 a monum5t :i*1 = ! hundr$? "t ev51 ,i _h view$ ) a new admiration2 my fri5ds p>took ( my s5tim5ts4 ,i %all give ! conv]sation :i* occurr$ !re 9 _! own words4 ,onuphrio said1 ,h[ impressive are ^? ru9s6--:at a "* d !y give u ( ! anci5t ,romans1 :at magnific5ce ( design1 :at gr&eur ( execution6 ,_h we n hi/orical docum5ts to in=m u ( ! p]iod :5 ?is /ructure 0 rais$ & ( ! purposes = :i* x 0 design$1 x might be imag9$ ! "w ( a race ( giants1 a ,c\ncil ,*amb] = ^? ,titans fabl$ to h w>r$ aga9/ ! gods ( ! pagan my?ology4 ,! size ( ! masses ( trav]t9e ( :i* x is compos$ is 9 h>mony ) ! imm5se magnitude ( ! build+4 ,x is h>dly to be wond]$ at t a p :i* con/ruct$ su* works = _! daily sports1 = _! usual amusem5ts1 %\ld h possess$ /r5g?1 endur+ en]gy1 & p]sev]ance suffici5t to enable !m to conqu] ! _w4 ,!y appe> always to h =m$ _! plans & made _! comb9ations z if _! p[] 7 beyond ! rea* ( *ance1 indep5d5t ( ! influ5ce ( "t1 & f\nd$ = unlimit$ duration--= et]nity6 ,ambrosio took up ! disc\rse ( ,onuphrio1 & said1 ,! aspect ( ?is wond]ful heap ( ru9s is s picturesque t x is impossible to regret its decay2 & at ?is season ( ! ye> ! col\rs ( ! vegetation are 9 h>mony ) ^? ( ! fall+ ru9s1 & h[ p]fectly ! :ole l&scape is 9 tone6 ,! rema9s ( ! palace ( ! ,caes>s & ( ! gold5 halls ( ,n]o appe> 9 ! di/ance1 _! gray & tott]+ turrets & _! moss-/a9$ ar*es repos+1 z x 71 ^u ! decay+ vegetation3 & !re is no?+ t m>ks ! exi/5ce ( life except ! few pi\s devotees1 :o w&] f /ation to /ation 9 ! ar5a bel[1 kneel+ be=e ! cross1 & demon/rat+ ! triumph ( a religion1 :i* receiv$ 9 ?is v spot 9 ! e>ly p]iod ( its exi/5ce "o ( its mo/ sev]e p]secutions1 & :i*1 nev]!less1 has pres]v$ :at rema9s ( t build+1 :]e attempts 7 made to /ifle x almo/ at its bir?2 =1 )\t ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 ^! maje/ic ru9s w\ld h be5 disp]s$ or levell$ to ! du/4 ,plund]$ ( _! lead & iron by ! b>b>ians1 ,go?s1 & ,v&als1 & robb$ ev5 ( _! /ones by ,roman pr9ces1 ! ,b>b]9i1 !y owe :at rema9s ( _! relics to ! sanctify+ influ5ce ( t fai? :i* has pres]v$ = ! _w all t 0 wor? pres]v+1 n m]ely arts & lit]ature b likewise t :i* con/itutes ! progressive nature ( intellect & ! in/itutions :i* af=d to u happ9ess 9 ?is _w & hopes ( a bless$ immortality 9 ! next4 ,&1 be+ ( ! fai? ( ,rome1 ,i may say1 t ! pres]vation ( ?is pile by ! sanctify+ effect ( a few crosses plant$ r\nd x1 is almo/ a miracul\s ev5t4 ,& :at a contra/ ! pres5t application ( ?is build+1 connect$ ) holy feel+s & exalt$ hopes1 is to t ( ! anci5t "o1 :5 x 0 us$ = exhibit+ to ! ,roman p ! de/ruction ( m5 by wild bea/s1 or ( m51 m savage ?an wild bea/s1 by ea* o!r1 to gratify a horrible appetite = cruelty1 f\nd$ ^u a /ill m dete/able lu/1 t ( univ]sal dom9ation6 ,& :o w\ld h suppos$1 9 ! "t ( ,titus1 t a fai?1 despis$ 9 its insignificant orig91 & p]secut$ f ! suppos$ obscurity ( its f\nd] & its pr9ciples1 %\ld h re>$ a dome to ! memory ( "o ( its humble/ tea*]s1 m glori\s ?an 0 ev] fram$ = ,jupit] or ,apollo 9 ! anci5t _w1 & h pres]v$ ev5 ! ru9s ( ! temples ( ! pagan deities1 & h bur/ =? 9 spl5d\r & maje/y1 consecrat+ tru? amid/ ! %r9es ( error1 employ+ ! idols ( ! ,roman sup]/ition = ! mo/ holy purposes & ris+ a bright & con/ant light amid/ ! d>k & />less night :i* foll[$ ! de/ruction ( ! ,roman empire6 ,onuphrio n[ resum$ ! disc\rse4 ,he said1 ,i h n ! same exalt$ views on ! subject :i* our fri5d ,ambrosio has s eloqu5tly express$4 ,"s little ( ! p]fect /ate 9 :i* ^! ru9s exi/ may h be5 ow+ to causes :i* he has describ$2 b ^! causes h only lately begun to op]ate1 & ! mis*ief 0 done be=e ,*ri/ianity 0 e/abli%$ at ,rome4 ,feel+ diff]5tly on ^! subjects1 ,i admire ?is v5]able ru9 r z a record ( ! de/ruction ( ! p[] ( ! greate/ p t ev] exi/$1 ?an z a pro( ( ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity2 & ,i am c>ri$ =w>d 9 melan*oly anticipation to ! p]iod :5 ev5 ! magnific5t dome ( ,/4 ,pet]'s w be 9 a simil> /ate to t 9 :i* ! ,colosaeum n[ is1 & :5 its ru9s may be pres]v$ by ! sanctify+ influ5ce ( "s new & unkn[n fai?2 :51 p]haps1 ! /atue ( ,jupit]1 :i* at pres5t receives ! kiss ( ! devotee1 z ! image ( ,/4 ,pet]1 may be employ$ = ano!r holy use1 z ! p]sonification ( a future sa9t or div9ity2 & :5 ! monum5ts ( ! papal magnific5ce %all be mix$ ) ! same du/ z t :i* n[ cov]s ! tombs ( ! ,caes>s4 ,su*1 ,i am sorry to say1 is ! g5]al hi/ory ( all ! works & in/itutions belong+ to humanity4 ,!y rise1 fl\ri%1 & !n decay & fall2 & ! p]iod ( _! decl9e is g5]ally proportional to t ( _! elevation4 ,9 anci5t ,!bes or ,memphis ! peculi> g5ius ( ! p has left u monum5ts f :i* we c judge ( _! arts1 ?\gh we _c und]/& ! nature ( _! sup]/itions4 ,( ,babylon & ( ,troy ! rema9s are almo/ ext9ct2 & :at we "k ( ^! fam\s cities is almo/ entirely d]iv$ f lit]>y records4 ,anci5t ,greece & ,rome we view 9 ! few rema9s ( _! monum5ts2 & ! "t w arrive :5 mod]n ,rome %all be :at anci5t ,rome n[ is2 & anci5t ,rome & ,a!ns w be :at ,tyre or ,c>?age n[ are1 kn[n only by col\r$ du/ 9 ! des]t1 or col\r$ s&1 conta9+ ! fragm5ts ( bricks or glass1 wa%$ up by ! wave ( a /ormy sea4 ,i might pursue ^! ?\ghts /ill fur!r1 & %[ t ! wood ( ! cross1 or ! bronze ( ! /atue1 decay z quickly z if !y _h n be5 sanctifi$2 & ,i ?9k ,i c\ld %[ t _! influ5ce is ow+ to ! imag9ation1 :i*1 :5 inf9ite "t is consid]$1 or ! c\rse ( ages ev51 is null & its effect imp]ceptible2 & simil> results occur1 :e!r ! fai? be t ( ,osiris1 ( ,jupit]1 ( ,jehovah1 or ( ,jesus4 ,to ?is ,ambrosio repli$1 8 c\nt5ance & ! tones ( 8 voice express+ "s emotion3 ,i d n ?9k1 ,onuphrio1 t y consid] ?is "q ) y\r usual sagacity or acut5ess2 inde$1 ,i nev] he> y on ! subject ( religion )\t pa9 & )\t a feel+ ( regret t y h n appli$ y\r p[]ful und]/&+ to a m m9ute & correct exam9ation ( ! evid5ces ( reveal$ religion4 ,y w\ld !n1 ,i ?9k1 h se51 9 ! orig91 progress1 elevation1 decl9e & fall ( ! empires ( antiquity1 pro(s t !y 7 int5d$ = a def9ite end 9 ! s*eme ( human r$emption2 y w\ld h f\nd prophecies :i* h be5 amply v]ifi$2 & ! f\ndation or ! ru9 ( a k+dom1 :i* appe>s 9 civil hi/ory s great an ev5t1 9 ! hi/ory ( man1 9 8 religi\s in/itutions1 z comp>atively ( small mom5t2 y w\ld h f\nd ! e/abli%m5t ( ! wor%ip ( "o ,god among/ a despis$ & contemn$ p z ! mo/ important circum/ance 9 ! hi/ory ( ! e>ly _w2 y w\ld h f\nd ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation naturally aris+ out ( ! ,jewi%1 & ! doctr9es ( ! pagan nations all prep>atory to ! triumph & f9al e/abli%m5t ( a cre$ fitt$ = ! mo/ enlight5$ /ate ( ! human m9d & equally adapt$ to e climate & e p4 ,to ?is animat$ appeal ( ,ambrosio1 ,onuphrio repli$ 9 ! mo/ tranquil mann] & ) ! air ( an unmov$ philosoph]3--,y mi/ake me1 ,ambrosio1 if y consid] me z ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity4 ,i am n ( ! s*ool ( ! ,fr5* ,encyclopa$i/s1 or ( ! ,engli% infidels4 ,i consid] religion z ess5tial to man1 & belong+ to ! human m9d 9 ! same mann] z in/9cts belong to ! brute creation1 a light1 if y please ( revelation to guide him ?r\gh ! d>kness ( ?is life1 & to keep alive 8 undy+ hope ( immortality3 b p>don me if ,i consid] ?is in/9ct z equally useful 9 all its diff]5t =ms1 & /ill a div9e light ?r\gh :atev] m$ium or cl\d ( human passion or prejudice x passes4 ,i rev]5ce x 9 ! foll[]s ( ,brahmah1 9 ! disciple ( ,mahomet1 & ,i wond] at 9 all ! v>iety ( =ms x adopts 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,y mu/ n be angry ) me t ,i d n all[ infallibility to y\r ,*ur*1 hav+ be5 myself br\ght up by ,prote/ant p>5ts1 :o 7 rigidly atta*$ to ! doctr9es ( ,calv94 ,i saw ,ambrosio's c\nt5ance k9dle at ,onuphrio's explanation ( 8 op9ions1 & he appe>$ to be m$itat+ an angry reply4 ,i endeav\r$ to *ange ! conv]sation to ! /ate ( ! ,colosaeum1 ) :i* x _h begun4 ,^! ru9s1 ,i said1 z y h bo? obs]v$1 are highly impressive2 yet :5 ,i saw !m six ye>s ago !y _h a /rong] effect on my imag9ation2 :e!r x 0 ! *>m ( novelty1 or t my m9d 0 fre%]1 or t ! circum/ances "u :i* ,i saw !m 7 peculi>1 ,i "k n1 b probably all ^! causes op]at$ 9 affect+ my m9d4 ,x 0 a /ill & beautiful ev5+ 9 ! end ( ,may2 ! la/ sunbeams 7 dy+ away 9 ! we/]n sky & ! fir/ moonbeams %9+ 9 ! ea/]n2 ! bright orange t9ts light$ up ! ru9s & z x 7 k9dl$ ! sn[s t /ill rema9$ on ! di/ant ,ap5n9es1 :i* 7 visible f ! highe/ accessible "p ( ! amphi!atre4 ,9 ?is gl[ ( col\r+1 ! gre5 ( advanc$ spr+ s(t5$ ! grey & yell[ t9ts ( ! decay+ /ones1 & z ! lights gradually became fa9t]1 ! masses appe>$ gr&] & m gigantic2 & :5 ! twilight _h entirely disappe>$1 ! contra/ ( light & %ade 9 ! beams ( ! full moon & b5ea? a sky ( ! brighte/ sapphire1 b s highly illum9at$ t only ,jupit] & a few />s ( ! fir/ magnitude 7 visible1 gave a solemnity & magnific5ce to ! sc5e :i* awak5$ ! highe/ degree ( t emotion :i* is s prop]ly t]m$ ! sublime4 ,! beauty & ! p]man5cy ( ! heav5s & ! pr9ciple ( cons]vation belong+ to ! sy/em ( ! univ]se1 ! works ( ! ,et]nal & ,div9e ,ar*itect1 7 f9ely oppos$ to ! p]i%+ & degrad$ works ( man 9 8 mo/ active & p[]ful /ate4 ,& at ?is mom5t s humble appe>$ to me ! condition ( ! mo/ exalt$ be+s belong+ to ! e>?1 s feeble _! comb9ations1 s m9ute ! po9t ( space1 & s limit$ ! p]iod ( "t 9 :i* !y act1 t ,i c\ld h>dly avoid comp>+ ! g5]ations ( man1 & ! effects ( 8 g5ius & p[]1 to ! sw>ms ( luceoli or fire-flies :i* 7 danc+ ar\nd me & t appe>$ flitt+ & sp>kl+ amid/ ! gloom & d>kness ( ! ru9s1 b :i* 7 no long] visible :5 !y rose above ! horizon1 _! feeble light be+ lo/ & utt]ly obscur$ 9 ! brightness ( ! moonbeams 9 ! heav5s4 ,onuphrio said3 ,i am n sorry t y h *ang$ ! conv]sation4 ,y h giv5 u ! hi/ory ( a mo/ int]e/+ recollection & well express$ a solemn ?\gh humiliat+ feel+4 ,9 su* mom5ts & among su* sc5es x is impossible n to be /ruck ) ! no?+ness ( human glory & ! transi5cy ( human works4 ,?is1 "o ( ! greate/ monum5ts on ! face ( ! e>?1 0 rais$ by a p1 !n its ma/]s1 only sev5te5 c5turies ago2 9 a few ages m x w be b z du/1 & ( all ! te/imonials ( ! vanity or p[] ( man1 :e!r rais$ to immortalise 8 "n1 or to conta9 8 decay+ bones )\t a "n1 no "o is kn[n to h a duration beyond :at is measur$ by ! exi/5ce ( a hundr$ g5]ations2 & x is only to multiply c5tuple = in/ance ! p]iod ( "t1 & ! memorials ( a village & ! monum5ts ( a c\ntry *ur*y>d may be comp>$ ) ^? ( an empire & ! rema9s ( ! _w4 ,ambrosio1 to :om ! conv]sation seem$ disagreeable1 put u 9 m9d ( an engagem5t we _h made to sp5d ! ev5+ at ! conv]sazione ( a celebrat$ lady1 & propos$ to call ! c>riage4 ,! reflections :i* ! conv]sation & ! sc5e _h left 9 my m9d little dispos$ me = g5]al society4 ,i reque/$ !m to keep _! engagem5t1 & said ,i 0 resolv$ to sp5d an h\r amid/ ! solitude ( ! ru9s1 & desir$ !m to s5d back ! c>riage = me4 ,!y left me1 express+ a hope t my poetical or melan*oly fancy might n be ! occasion ( a cold1 & wi%$ me ! company ( "s ( ! spectres ( ! anci5t ,romans4 ,:5 ,i 0 left alone1 ,i seat$ myself 9 ! moon%9e1 on "o ( ! /eps lead+ to ! seats suppos$ to h be5 occupi$ by ! patricians 9 ! ,colosaeum at ! "t ( ! public games4 ,! tra9 ( ideas 9 :i* ,i _h indulg$ be=e my fri5ds left me cont9u$ to fl[ ) a vividness & =ce increas$ by ! /illness & solitude ( ! sc5e2 & ! full moon has always a peculi> effect on ^! moods ( feel+ 9 my m9d1 giv+ to !m a wildness & a k9d ( indef9ite s5sation1 su* z ,i suppose belong at all times to ! true poetical temp]am5t4 ,x mu/ be s1 ,i ?\ght to myself2 no new city w rise aga9 out ( ! d\ble ru9s ( ?is2 no new empire w be f\nd$ ^u ^! colossal rema9s ( t ( ! old ,romans4 ,! _w1 l ! individual1 fl\ri%es 9 y\?1 rises to /r5g? 9 manhood1 falls into decay 9 age2 & ! ru9s ( an empire are l ! decrepit frame ( an individual1 except t !y h "s t9ts ( beauty :i* nature be/[s ^u !m4 ,! sun ( civilisation arose 9 ! ,ea/1 advanc$ t[>ds ! ,we/1 & is n[ at its m]idian2 9 a few c5turies m x w probably be se5 s9k+ bel[ ! horizon ev5 9 ! new _w1 & !re w be left d>kness only :]e !re is a bright light1 des]ts ( s& :]e !re 7 popul\s cities1 & /agnant morasses :]e ! gre5 mead[ or ! bright cornfield once appe>$4 ,i call$ up images ( ?is k9d 9 my imag9ation4 ,"t1 ,i said1 :i* purifies1 & z x 7 sanctifies ! m9d1 de/roys & br+s into utt] decay ! body2 &1 ev5 9 nature1 its influ5ce seems always degrad+4 ,%e is repres5t$ by ! poets z et]nal 9 h] y\?1 b among/ ^! ru9s %e appe>s to me et]nal 9 h] age1 & "h no traces ( r5ovation appe> 9 ! anci5t ( days4 ,i _h sc>cely conclud$ ?is ideal s5t5ce :5 my rev]ie became deep]1 ! ru9s surr\nd+ me appe>$ to vani% f my sight1 ! light ( ! moon became m int5se1 & ! orb itself seem$ to exp& 9 a flood ( spl5d\r4 ,at ! same "t t my visual organs appe>$ s s+ul>ly affect$1 ! mo/ melodi\s s\nds fill$ my e>1 s(t] yet at ! same "t deep] & full] ?an ,i _h ev] he>d 9 ! mo/ h>moni\s & p]fect conc]t4 ,x appe>$ to me t ,i _h ent]$ a new /ate ( exi/5ce1 & ,i 0 s p]fectly lo/ 9 ! new k9d ( s5sation :i* ,i exp]i5c$ t ,i _h no recollections & no p]ceptions ( id5tity4 ,on a sudd5 ! music ceas$1 b ! brilliant light /ill cont9u$ to surr\nd me1 & ,i he>d a l[ b extremely di/9ct & sweet voice1 :i* appe>$ to issue f ! c5tre ( x4 ,! s\nds 7 at fir/ musical l ^? ( a h>p1 b !y soon became articulate1 z if a prelude to "s piece ( sublime poetical composition4 ,y1 l all y\r bre?r51 said ! voice1 are entirely ignorant ( e ?+ belong+ to y\rselves1 ! _w y inhabit1 y\r future de/9ies1 & ! s*eme ( ! univ]se2 & yet y h ! folly to believe y are acqua9t$ ) ! pa/1 ! pres5t1 & ! future4 ,i am an intellig5ce some:at sup]ior to y1 ?\gh !re are millions ( be+s z mu* above me 9 p[] & 9 intellect z man is above ! meane/ & weake/ reptile t crawls b5ea? 8 feet2 yet some?+ ,i c tea* y3 yield y\r m9d :olly to ! influ5ce :i* ,i %all ex]t ^u x1 & y %all be undeceiv$ 9 y\r views ( ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 & ( ! sy/em y inhabit4 ,at ?is mom5t ! bright light disappe>$1 ! sweet & h>moni\s voice1 :i* 0 ! only pro( ( ! pres5ce ( a sup]ior intellig5ce1 ceas$2 ,i 0 9 utt] d>kness & sil5ce1 & seem$ to myself to be c>ri$ rapidly ^u a /ream ( air1 )\t any o!r s5sation ?an t ( mov+ quickly ?r\gh space4 ,:il/ ,i 0 /ill 9 motion1 a dim & hazy light1 :i* seem$ l t ( twilight 9 a ra9y morn+1 broke ^u my sight1 & gradually a c\ntry display$ itself to my view cov]$ ) =e/s & m>%es4 ,i saw wild animals graz+ 9 l>ge savannahs1 & c>nivor\s bea/s1 su* z lions & tig]s1 occasionally di/urb+ & de/roy+ !m2 ,i saw nak$ savages fe$+ ^u wild fruits1 or dev\r+ %ell-fi%1 or fight+ ) clubs = ! rema9s ( a :ale :i* _h be5 ?r[n ^u ! %ore4 ,i obs]v$ t !y _h no habitations1 t !y conceal$ !mselves 9 caves1 or "u ! %elt] ( palm trees1 & t ! only delici\s food :i* nature seem$ to h giv5 to !m 0 ! date & ! cocoa- nut1 & ^! 7 9 v small quantities & ! object ( cont5tion4 ,i saw t "s few ( ^! wret*$ human be+s t inhabit$ ! wide wa/e be=e my eyes1 _h weapons po9t$ ) fl9t or fi%-bone1 :i* !y made use ( = de/roy+ birds1 quadrup$s1 or fi%es1 t !y f$ ^u raw2 b _! greate/ delicacy appe>$ to be a maggot or worm1 :i* !y s\ght = ) great p]sev]ance 9 ! buds ( ! palm4 ,:5 ,i _h ca/ my eyes on ! v>i$ features ( ?is melan*oly sc5e1 :i* 0 n[ light$ by a ris+ sun1 ,i he>d aga9 ! same voice :i* _h a/oni%$ me 9 ! ,colosaeum1 & :i* said1--,see ! bir? ( ,"t6 ,look at man 9 8 newly creat$ /ate1 full ( y\? & vig\r4 ,d y see aught 9 ?is /ate to admire or envy8 ,z ! la/ words fell on my e>1 ,i 0 aga91 z be=e1 rapidly put 9 motion1 & ,i seem$ aga9 resi/less to be hurri$ ^u a /ream ( air1 & aga9 9 p]fect d>kness4 ,9 a mom5t1 an indi/9ct light aga9 appe>$ be=e my eyes & a c\ntry op5$ ^u my view :i* appe>$ p>tly wild & p>tly cultivat$2 !re 7 few] woods & morasses ?an 9 ! sc5e :i* ,i _h j be=e se52 ,i beheld m5 :o 7 cov]$ ) ! sk9s ( animals1 & :o 7 driv+ cattle to enclos$ pa/ures2 ,i saw o!rs :o 7 reap+ & collect+ corn1 o!rs :o 7 mak+ x into bread2 ,i saw cottages furni%$ ) _m ( ! conv5i5ces ( life1 & a p 9 t /ate ( agricultural & pa/oral improvem5t :i* has be5 imag9$ by ! poets z belong+ to ! gold5 age4 ,! same voice1 :i* ,i %all call t ( ! ,g5ius1 said1 ,look at ^! gr\ps ( m5 :o are escap$ f ! /ate ( infancy3 !y owe _! improvem5t to a few sup]ior m9ds /ill among/ !m4 ,t ag$ man :om y see ) a cr[d ar\nd him taught !m to build cottages2 f t o!r !y le>nt to dome/icate cattle2 f o!rs to collect & s[ corn & se$s ( fruit4 ,& ^! arts w nev] be lo/2 ano!r g5]ation w see !m m p]fect2 ! h\ses1 9 a c5tury m1 w be l>g] & m conv5i5t2 ! flocks ( cattle m num]\s2 ! corn-fields m ext5sive2 ! morasses w be dra9$1 ! numb] ( fruit-trees increas$4 ,y %all be %[n o!r visions ( ! passages ( "t1 b z y are c>ri$ along ! /ream :i* fl[s f ! p]iod ( creation to ! pres5t mom5t1 ,i %all only arre/ y\r transit to make y obs]ve "s circum/ances :i* w demon/rate ! tru?s ,i wi% y to "k1 & :i* w expla9 to y ! little x is p]mitt$ me to und]/& ( ! s*eme ( ! univ]se4 ,i aga9 f\nd myself 9 d>kness & 9 motion1 & ,i 0 aga9 arre/$ by ! op5+ ( a new sc5e ^u my eyes4 ,i %all describe ?is sc5e & ! o!rs 9 ! succession 9 :i* !y appe>$ be=e me1 & ! obs]vations by :i* !y 7 accompani$ 9 ! voice ( ! wond]ful be+ :o appe>$ z my intellectual guide4 ,9 ! sc5e :i* foll[$ t ( ! agricultural or pa/oral p1 ,i saw a great ext5t ( cultivat$ pla9s1 l>ge cities on ! sea-%ore1 palaces--=ums & temples ornam5t+ !m2 m5 associat$ 9 gr\ps1 m\nt$ on horses1 & p]=m+ milit>y ex]cises2 galleys mov$ by o>s on ! ocean2 roads int]sect+ ! c\ntry cov]$ ) travell]s & conta9+ c>riages mov$ by m5 or horses4 ,! ,g5ius n[ said1 ,y see ! e>ly /ate ( civilisation ( man2 ! cottages ( ! la/ race y beheld h become improv$ into /ately dwell+s1 palaces1 & temples1 9 :i* use is comb9$ ) ornam5t4 ,! few m5 to :om1 z ,i said be=e1 ! f\ndations ( ^! improvem5ts 7 ow+1 h _h div9e hon\rs paid to _! memory4 ,b look at ! in/rum5ts belong+ to ?is g5]ation1 & y w f9d t !y are only ( brass4 ,y see m5 :o are talk+ to cr[ds ar\nd !m1 & o!rs :o are app>5tly amus+ li/5+ gr\ps by a k9d ( song or recitation2 ^! are ! e>lie/ b>ds & orators2 b all _! signs ( ?\ght are oral1 = writt5 language does n yet exi/4 ,! next sc5e :i* appe>$ 0 "o ( v>i$ bus9ess & imag]y4 ,i saw a man1 :o bore 9 8 h&s ! same in/rum5ts z our mod]n smi?s1 pres5t+ a vase1 :i* appe>$ to be made ( iron1 amid/ ! acclamations ( an assembl$ multitude engag$ 9 triumphal procession be=e ! alt>s dignifi$ by ! "n ( ,apollo at ,delphi2 & ,i saw 9 ! same place m5 :o c>ri$ rolls ( papyrus 9 _! h&s & wrote ^u !m ) re$s conta9+ ink made f ! soot ( wood mix$ ) a solution ( glue4 ,see1 ! ,g5ius said1 an imm5se *ange produc$ 9 ! condition ( society by ! two arts ( :i* y "h see ! orig92 ! "o1 t ( r5d]+ iron malleable1 :i* is ow+ to a s+le individual1 an obscure ,greek2 ! o!r1 t ( mak+ ?\ght p]man5t 9 writt5 *>act]s1 an art :i* has gradually aris5 f ! hi]oglyphics :i* y may obs]ve on yond] pyramids4 ,y w n[ see human life m replete ) p[] & activity4 ,aga91 ano!r sc5e broke ^u my vision4 ,i saw ! bronze in/rum5ts1 :i* _h belong$ to ! =m] /ate ( society1 ?r[n away2 malleable iron conv]t$ into h>d /eel1 ?is /eel appli$ to a ?\s& purposes ( civilis$ life2 ,i saw b&s ( m5 :o made use ( x = def5sive arm\r & = (f5sive weapons2 ,i saw ^! iron- clad m51 9 small numb]s subdu+ ?\s&s ( savages1 & e/abli%+ among/ !m _! arts & in/itutions2 ,i saw a few m5 on ! ea/]n %ores ( ,europe1 resi/+1 ) ! same mat]ials1 ! unit$ =ces ( ,asia2 ,i saw a *os5 b& die 9 def5ce ( _! c\ntry1 de/roy$ by an army a ?\s& times z num]\s2 & ,i saw ?is same army1 9 its turn1 caus$ to disappe>1 & de/roy$ or driv5 f ! %ores ( ,europe by ! bre?r5 ( t b& ( m>tyr$ patriots2 ,i saw bodies ( ^! m5 trav]s+ ! sea1 f\nd+ colonies1 build+ cities1 & :]ev] !y e/abli%$ !mselves1 c>ry+ ) !m _! peculi> arts4 ,t[ns & temples arose conta9+ s*ools1 & libr>ies fill$ ) ! rolls ( ! papyrus4 ,! same /eel1 su* a trem5d\s in/rum5t ( p[] 9 ! h&s ( ! w>rior1 ,i saw appli$1 by ! g5ius ( ! arti/1 to /rike =ms ev5 m p]fect ?an ^? ( life out ( ! rude m>ble2 & ,i saw ! walls ( ! palaces & temples cov]$ ) pictures1 9 :i* hi/orical ev5ts 7 portray$ ) ! tru? ( nature & ! poetry ( m9d4 ,! voice n[ awak5$ my att5tion by say+1 ,y h n[ be=e y ! vision ( t /ate ( society :i* is an object ( admiration to ! y\? ( mod]n times1 & ! recollections ( :i*1 & ! precepts f\nd$ on ^! recollections1 con/itute an important "p ( y\r education4 ,y\r maxims ( w> & policy1 y\r ta/e 9 lett]s & ! arts1 are d]iv$ f models left by t p1 or by _! imm$iate imitators1 :om y %all n[ see4 ,i op5$ my eyes1 & recognis$ ! v spot 9 :i* ,i 0 sitt+ :5 ! vision comm5c$4 ,i 0 on ! top ( an arcade "u a silk5 canopy1 look+ d[n ^u ! t5s ( ?\s&s ( p :o 7 cr[d$ 9 ! seats ( ! ,colosaeum1 ornam5t$ ) all ! spoils t ! weal? ( a _w c give2 ,i saw 9 ! ar5a bel[ animals ( ! mo/ extraord9>y k9d1 & :i* h r>ely be5 se5 liv+ 9 mod]n ,europe--! giraffe1 ! zebra1 ! rh9oc]os1 & ! o/ri* f ! des]ts ( ,africa beyond ! ,nig]1 ! hippopotamus f ! ,upp] ,nile1 & ! royal tig] & ! gnu f ! banks ( ! ,ganges4 ,look+ ov] ,rome1 :i*1 9 its maje/y ( palaces & temples1 & 9 its colossal aqu$ucts br++ wat] ev5 f ! sn[s ( ! di/ant ,ap5n9es1 seem$ m l ! creation ( a sup]natural p[] ?an ! "w ( human h&s2 look+ ov] ,rome to ! di/ant l&scape1 ,i saw ! :ole face1 z x 71 ( ! anci5t _w adorn$ ) m9iature images ( ?is spl5did metropolis4 ,:]e ! ,roman conqu]$1 !re he civilis$2 :]e he c>ri$ 8 arms1 !re he fix$ likewise 8 h\sehold gods2 & f ! des]ts ( ,arabia to ! m\nta9s ( ,cal$onia !re appe>$ b "o p1 hav+ ! same arts1 language1 & lett]s--all ( ,grecian orig94 ,i look$ aga91 & saw an entire *ange 9 ! brilliant aspect ( ?is ,roman _w--! p ( conqu]ors & h]oes 0 no long] visible2 ! cities 7 fill$ ) an idle & luxuri\s population2 ^? f>ms :i* _h be5 cultivat$ by w>riors1 :o left ! pl\gh to take ! comm& ( armies1 7 n[ 9 ! h&s ( slaves2 & ! militia ( freem5 7 supplant$ by b&s ( m]c5>ies1 :o sold ! empire to ! highe/ bidd]4 ,i saw imm5se masses ( w>riors collect+ 9 ! nor? & ea/1 c>ry+ ) !m no o!r pro(s ( cultivation b _! horses & /eel arms2 ,i saw ^! savages ev]y:]e attack+ ?is mighty empire1 plund]+ cities1 de/roy+ ! monum5ts ( arts & lit]ature1 &1 l wild bea/s dev\r+ a noble animal1 te>+ into pieces & de/roy+ ! ,roman p[]4 ,ru91 desolation1 & d>kness 7 be=e me1 & ,i clos$ my eyes to avoid ! melan*oly sc5e4 ,see1 said ! ,g5ius1 ! melan*oly t]m9ation ( a p[] believ$ by its f\nd]s inv9cible1 & int5d$ to be et]nal4 ,b y w f9d1 ?\gh ! glory & greatness belong+ to its milit>y g5ius h pass$ away1 yet ^? belong+ to ! arts & in/itutions1 by :i* x adorn$ & dignifi$ life1 w aga9 arise 9 ano!r /ate ( society4 ,i op5$ my eyes aga91 & ,i saw ,italy recov]+ f h] desolation--t[ns aris+ ) gov]nm5ts almo/ ^u ! model ( anci5t ,a!ns & ,rome1 & ^! diff]5t small /ates rivals 9 arts & arms2 ,i saw ! rema9s ( libr>ies1 :i* _h be5 pres]v$ 9 mona/]ies & *ur*es by a holy influ5ce :i* ev5 ! ,go? & ,v&al respect$1 aga9 op5$ to ! p2 ,i saw ,rome ris+ f h] a%es1 ! fragm5ts ( /atues f\nd amid/ ! ru9s ( h] palaces & imp]ial villas becom+ ! models = ! reg5]ation ( art2 ,i saw magnific5t temples rais$ 9 ?is city become ! metropolis ( a new & ,*ri/ian _w1 & ornam5t$ ) ! mo/ brilliant ma/]pieces ( ! arts ( design2 ,i saw a ,tuscan city1 z x 71 cont5d+ ) ,rome = pre-em95ce 9 ! productions ( g5ius1 & ! _s awak5$ 9 ,italy spread+ its influ5ce f ! ,s\? to ! ,nor?4 ,n[1 ! ,g5ius said1 society has tak5 its mod]n & p]man5t aspect4 ,consid] = a mom5t its relations to lett]s & to arms z contra/$ ) ^? ( ! anci5t _w4 ,i look$1 & saw1 t 9 ! place ( ! rolls ( papyrus1 libr>ies 7 n[ fill$ ) books4 ,behold1 ! ,g5ius said1 ! pr9t+-press2 by ! inv5tion ( ,fau/ ! productions ( g5ius are1 z x 71 made imp]i%able1 capable ( indef9ite multiplication1 & r5d]$ an unali5able h]itage ( ! human m9d4 ,by ?is art1 app>5tly s humble1 ! progress ( society is secur$1 & man is sp>$ ! humiliation ( witness+ aga9 sc5es l ^? :i* foll[$ ! de/ruction ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,n[ look to ! w>riors ( mod]n times2 y see ! spe>1 ! javel91 ! %ield1 & ! cuirass are *ang$ = ! musket & ! light artill]y4 ,! ,g]man monk :o discov]$ gunp[d] did n meanly affect ! de/9ies ( mank9d2 w>s are become less bloody by becom+ less p]sonal2 m]e brutal /r5g? is r5d]$ ( comp>atively little avail2 all ! res\rces ( civilisation are requir$ to ma9ta9 & move a l>ge army2 weal?1 +5uity1 & p]sev]ance become ! pr9cipal elem5ts ( success2 civilis$ man is r5d]$ 9 consequ5ce inf9itely sup]ior to ! savage1 & gunp[d] gives p]man5ce to 8 triumph1 & secures ! cultivat$ nations f ev] be+ aga9 ov]run by ! inroads ( millions ( b>b>ians4 ,!re is s mu* id5tity ( feature 9 ! "* ( ! two or ?ree c5turies t are j pass$1 t ,i wi% y only to take a v transi5t view ( ! political & milit>y ev5ts belong+ to !m4 ,y w f9d attempts made by ! *iefs ( c]ta9 great nations to acquire pr$om9ance & empire2 y w see ^? attempts1 aft] be+ p>tially successful1 resi/$ by o!r nations1 & ! balance ( p[]1 app>5tly = a mom5t brok51 aga9 re/or$4 ,among/ ! rival nations t may be consid]$ z =m+ ! republic ( mod]n ,europe1 y w see "o pre-em95t = h] m>itime /r5g? & colonial & comm]cial ent]prise1 & y w f9d %e reta9s h] sup]iority only because x is fav\rable to ! lib]ty ( mank9d4 ,b y mu/ n yet suff] ! vision ( mod]n ,europe to pass f y\r eyes )\t view+ "s o!r results ( ! ef=ts ( m5 ( g5ius1 :i*1 l ^? ( gunp[d] & ! press1 illu/rate ! times to :i* !y belong1 & =m brilliant epo*s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,if y look back into ! s*ools ( reg5]at$ ,italy1 y w see 9 !m ! works ( ! ,greek ma/]s ( philosophy2 & if y att5d to ! sci5ce taught 9 !m1 y w f9d x vague1 obscure1 & full ( errone\s notions4 ,y w f9d 9 ?is e>ly p]iod ( improvem5t bran*es ( philosophy ev5 appli$ to purposes ( delusion2 ! mo/ sublime ( ! dep>tm5ts ( human k--a/ronomy--abus$ by impo/ors1 :o f ! aspect ( ! planet>y _w pret5d$ to pr$ict ! =tunes & de/9ies ( individuals4 ,y w see 9 ! laboratories al*emi/s se>*+ = a univ]sal m$ic9e1 an elixir ( life1 & = ! philosoph]'s /one1 or a me?od ( conv]t+ all metals into gold2 b unexpect$ & useful discov]ies y w f9d1 ev5 9 ?is age1 arise amid/ ! cl\ds ( deception & ! smoke ( ! furnace4 ,delusion & error vani% & pass away1 & tru?s seiz$ ^u by a few sup]ior m5 become p]man5t1 & ! prop]ty ( an enlight5+ _w4 ,among/ ! p]sonages :o belong to ?is e>ly p]iod1 !re are two :om ,i mu/ reque/ y to notice--"o an ,engli%man1 :o po9t$ out ! pa?s to ! discov]y ( sci5tific tru?s1 & ! o!r a ,tuscan1 :o af=d$ ! happie/ exp]im5tal illu/rations ( ! speculative views ( 8 bro!r 9 sci5ce4 ,y w see academies =m$ a c5tury lat] 9 ,italy1 ,france1 & ,brita91 9 :i* ! sci5ces are enl>g$ by new & v>i$ exp]im5ts1 & ! true sy/em ( ! univ]se develop$ by an illu/ri\s ,engli%man taught & expla9$4 ,! practical results ( ! progress ( physics1 *emi/ry1 & me*anics1 are ( ! mo/ m>vell\s k9d1 & to make !m all di/9ct w\ld require a comp>ison ( anci5t & mod]n /ates3 %ips t 7 mov$ by human lab\r 9 ! anci5t _w are transport$ by ! w9ds2 & a piece ( /eel1 t\*$ by ! magnet1 po9ts to ! m>9] 8 un]r+ c\rse f ! old to ! new _w2 & by ! ex]tions ( "o man ( g5ius1 aid$ by ! res\rces ( *emi/ry1 a p[]1 :i* by ! old philosoph]s c\ld h>dly h be5 imag9$1 has be5 g5]at$ & appli$ to almo/ all ! ma*9]y ( active life2 ! /eam-eng9e p]=ms n only ! lab\r ( horses1 b ( man1 by comb9ations :i* appe> almo/ possess$ ( intellig5ce2 waggons are mov$ by x1 con/ructions made1 vessels caus$ to p]=m voyages 9 opposition to w9d & tide1 & a p[] plac$ 9 human h&s :i* seems almo/ unlimit$4 ,to ^! novel & /ill ext5d+ improvem5ts may be add$ o!rs1 :i%1 ?\gh ( a second>y k9d1 yet mat]ially affect ! com=ts ( life1 ! collect+ f fossil mat]ials ! elem5ts ( combu/ion1 & apply+ !m s z to illum9ate1 by a s+le op]ation1 h\ses1 /reets1 & ev5 cities4 ,if y look to ! results ( *emical arts y w f9d new sub/ances ( ! mo/ extraord9>y nature appli$ to v>i\s novel purposes2 y w f9d a few exp]im5ts 9 electricity lead+ to ! m>vell\s result ( dis>m+ ! ?und]-cl\d ( its t]rors1 & y w see new in/rum5ts creat$ by human +5uity1 possess+ ! same p[]s z ! electrical organs ( liv+ animals4 ,to :atev] "p ( ! vision ( mod]n times y ca/ y\r eyes y w f9d m>ks ( sup]iority & improvem5t1 & ,i wi% to impress ^u y ! conviction t ! results ( intellectual lab\r or ( sci5tific g5ius are p]man5t & incapable ( be+ lo/4 ,mon>*s *ange _! plans1 gov]nm5ts _! objects1 a fleet or an army effect _! purpose & !n pass away2 b a piece ( /eel toa*$ by ! magnet pres]ves its "* = ev]1 & secures to man ! dom9ion ( ! trackless ocean4 ,a new p]iod ( society may s5d armies f ! %ores ( ! ,baltic to ^? ( ! ,eux9e1 & ! empire ( ! foll[]s ( ,mahomet may be brok5 9 pieces by a nor!rn p1 & ! dom9ion ( ! ,britons 9 ,asia may %>e ! fate ( t ( ,tam]lane or ,z5giskhan2 b ! /eam-boat :i* asc5ds ! ,delaw>e or ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce w be cont9u$ to be us$1 & w c>ry ! civilisation ( an improv$ p into ! des]ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica & into ! wilds ( ,canada4 ,9 ! common hi/ory ( ! _w1 z compil$ by au?ors 9 g5]al1 almo/ all ! great *anges ( nations are conf\nd$ ) *anges 9 _! dyna/ies1 & ev5ts are usually ref]r$ ei!r to sov]eigns1 *iefs1 h]oes1 or _! armies1 :i* d1 9 fact1 orig9ate f entirely diff]5t causes1 ei!r ( an intellectual or moral nature4 ,gov]nm5ts dep5d f> m ?an is g5]ally suppos$ ^u ! op9ion ( ! p & ! _s ( ! age & nation4 ,x sometimes happ5s t a gigantic m9d possesses supreme p[] & rises sup]ior to ! age 9 :i* he is born1 su* 0 ,alfr$ 9 ,engl& & ,pet] 9 ,russia1 b su* in/ances are v r>e2 &1 9 g5]al1 x is nei!r among/ sov]eigns nor ! high] classes ( society t ! great improv]s or b5efactors ( mank9d are to be f\nd4 ,! works ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s names 7 little valu$ at ! times :5 !y 7 produc$1 & _! au?ors ei!r despis$ or neglect$2 & great1 inde$1 mu/ h be5 ! pure & ab/ract pleasure result+ f ! ex]tion ( intellectual sup]iority & ! discov]y ( tru? & ! be/[+ b5efits & bless+s ^u society1 :i* induc$ m5 to sacrifice all _! common enjoym5ts & all _! privileges z citiz5s to ^! ex]tions4 ,anaxagoras1 ,ar*im$es1 ,rog] ,bacon1 ,galileo ,galilei1 9 _! dea?s or _! imprisonm5ts1 (f] in/ances ( ?is k9d1 & no?+ c be m /rik+ ?an :at appe>s to h be5 ! +ratitude ( m5 t[>ds _! greate/ b5efactors2 b h]eaft]1 :5 y und]/& m ( ! s*eme ( ! univ]se1 y w see ! cause & ! effect ( ?is1 & y w f9d ! :ole sy/em gov]n$ by pr9ciples ( immutable ju/ice4 ,i h said t 9 ! progress ( society all great & real improvem5ts are p]petuat$2 ! same corn :i* f\r ?\s& ye>s ago 0 rais$ f an improv$ grass by an inv5tor wor%ipp$ = two ?\s& ye>s 9 ! anci5t _w "u ! "n ( ,c]es1 /ill =ms ! pr9cipal food ( mank9d2 & ! potato1 p]haps ! greate/ b5efit t ! ,old has d]iv$ f ! ,new ,_w1 is spread+ ov] ,europe1 & w cont9ue to n\ri% an ext5sive population :5 ! "n ( ! race by :om x 0 fir/ cultivat$ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica is =gott54 ,i w n[ call y\r att5tion to "s rem>kable laws belong+ to ! hi/ory ( society1 & f ! consid]ation ( :i* y w be able gradually to develop ! high] & m exalt$ pr9ciples ( be+4 ,!re appe>s no?+ m accid5tal ?an ! sex ( an infant1 yet take any great city or any prov9ce & y w f9d t ! relations ( males & females are unalt]able4 ,aga91 a "p ( ! pure air ( ! atmosph]e is cont9ually consum$ 9 combu/ion & respiration2 liv+ vegetables emit ?is pr9ciple dur+ _! gr[?2 no?+ appe>s m accid5tal ?an ! proportion ( vegetable to animal life on ! surface ( ! e>?1 yet !y are p]fectly equival5t1 & ! balance ( ! sexes1 l ! con/itution ( ! atmosph]e1 dep5ds ^u ! pr9ciples ( an un]r+ intellig5ce4 ,y saw 9 ! decl9e ( ! ,roman empire a p enfeebl$ by luxury1 worn out by excess1 ov]run by rude w>riors2 y saw ! giants ( ! ,nor? & ,ea/ mix+ ) ! pigmies ( ! ,s\? & ,we/4 ,an empire 0 de/roy$1 b ! se$s ( moral & physical improvem5t 9 ! new race 7 s[n2 ! new population result+ f ! alliances ( ! m5 ( ! ,nor? ) ! wom51 ( ! ,s\? 0 m vigor\s1 m full ( physical p[]1 & m capable ( intellectual ex]tion ?an _! app>5tly ill-suit$ prog5itors2 & ! moral effects or f9al causes ( ! migration ( races1 ! plans ( conque/ & ambition :i* h l$ to revolutions & *anges ( k+doms design$ by man = su* diff]5t objects h be5 ! same 9 _! ultimate results--t ( improv+ by mixture ! diff]5t families ( m54 ,an ,al>ic or an ,attila1 :o m>*es ) legions ( b>b>ians = "s gross view ( plund] or ambition1 is an in/rum5t ( div9e p[] to effect a purpose ( :i* he is :olly unconsci\s--he is c>ry+ a /rong race to improve a weak "o1 & giv+ en]gy to a debilitat$ population2 & ! des]ts he makes 9 8 passage w become 9 ano!r age cultivat$ fields1 & ! solitude he produces w be succe$$ by a p[]ful & heal?y population4 ,! results ( ^! ev5ts 9 ! moral & political _w may be comp>$ to ^? produc$ 9 ! vegetable k+dom by ! /orms & heavy gales s usual at ! v]nal equ9ox1 ! "t ( ! =mation ( ! se$2 ! poll5 or f>9a ( "o fl[] is ?r[n ^u ! pi/il ( ano!r1 & ! cross+ ( v>ieties ( plants s ess5tial to ! p]fection ( ! vegetable _w produc$4 ,9 man moral causes & physical ones modify ea* o!r2 ! transmission ( h]$it>y qualities to (fspr+ is di/9ct 9 ! animal _w1 & 9 ! case ( disposition to disease x is suffici5tly obvi\s 9 ! human be+4 ,b x is likewise a g5]al pr9ciple t p[]s or habits acquir$ by cultivation are transmitt$ to ! next g5]ation & exalt$ or p]petuat$2 ! hi/ory ( p>ticul> races ( m5 af=ds di/9ct pro(s ( ?is4 ,! ,caucasian /ock has always pres]v$ its sup]iority1 :il/ ! negro or flat-nos$ race has always be5 m>k$ = want ( intellectual p[] & capacity = ! arts ( life4 ,?is la/ race1 9 fact1 has nev] be5 cultivat$1 & a hundr$ g5]ations1 successively improv$1 w\ld be requir$ to br+ x to ! /ate 9 :i* ! ,caucasian race 0 at ! "t ( ! =mation ( ! ,greek republics4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! improvem5t ( ! "* ( races by ! transmission ( h]$it>y qualities has n escap$ ! obs]vations ( ! legislators ( ! anci5t p4 ,by ! div9e law ( ,moses ! ,israelites 7 enjo9$ to pres]ve ! purity ( _! blood1 & !re 0 no high] crime ?an t ( =m+ alliances ) ! idolatr\s nations surr\nd+ !m4 ,! ,brahm9s ( ,h9do/an h e/abli%$ ^u ! same pr9ciple ! law ( ca/e1 by :i* c]ta9 pr(essions 7 made h]$it>y4 ,9 ?is w>m climate1 :]e lab\r is s oppressive1 to secure p]fection 9 any s]ies ( op]ations x seems ess5tial to /r5g!n ! p[]s by ! =ces acquir$ f ?is pr9ciple ( h]$it>y desc5t4 ,x w at fir/ p]haps /rike y\r m9d t ! mix+ or bl5d+ ( races is 9 direct opposition to ?is pr9ciple ( p]fection2 b "h ,i mu/ require y to pause & consid] ! nature ( ! qualities belong+ to ! human be+4 ,excess ( a p>ticul> p[]1 :i* 9 itself is a p]fection1 becomes a defect2 ! organs ( t\* may be s ref9$ z to %[ a diseas$ s5sibility2 ! e> may become s exquisitely s5sitive z to be m susceptible to ! uneas9ess produc$ by discords ?an to ! pleasures ( h>mony4 ,9 ! nations :i* h be5 long civilis$ ! defects are g5]ally ^? dep5d5t on excess ( s5sibility--defects :i* are cur$ 9 ! next g5]ation by ! /r5g? & p[] belong+ to a rud] tribe4 ,9 look+ back ^u ! vision ( anci5t hi/ory1 y w f9d t !re nev] has be5 an in/ance ( a migration to any ext5t ( any race b ! ,caucasian1 & !y h usually pass$ f ! ,nor? to ! ,s\?4 ,! negro race has always be5 driv5 be=e ^! conqu]ors ( ! _w2 & ! r$ m51 ! aborig9es ( ,am]ica1 are con/antly dim9i%+ 9 numb]1 & x is probable t 9 a few c5turies m _! pure blood w be entirely ext9ct4 ,9 ! population ( ! _w1 ! great object is evid5tly to produce organis$ frames mo/ capable ( ! happy & intellectual enjoym5t ( life--to raise man above ! m]e animal /ate4 ,to p]petuate ! advantages ( civilisation1 ! races mo/ capable ( ^! advantages are pres]v$ & ext5d$1 & no consid]able improvem5t made by an individual is ev] lo/ to society4 ,y see liv+ =ms p]petuat$ 9 ! s]ies ( ages1 & app>5tly ! quantity ( life increas$4 ,9 comp>+ ! population ( ! globe z x n[ is ) :at x 0 c5turies ago1 y w\ld f9d x consid]ably great]2 & if ! quantity ( life is increas$1 ! quantity ( happ9ess1 p>ticul>ly t result+ f ! ex]cise ( intellectual p[]1 is increas$ 9 a /ill high] ratio4 ,n[1 y w say1 ',is m9d g5]at$1 is spiritual p[] creat$2 or are ^? results dep5d5t ^u ! organisation ( matt]1 ^u new p]fections giv5 to ! ma*9]y ^u :i* ?\ght & motion dep5d8' ,i proclaim to y1 said ! ,g5ius1 rais+ 8 voice f its l[ & sweet tone to "o ( ineffable maje/y1 nei!r ( ^! op9ions is true4 ,li/51 :il/ ,i reveal to y ! my/]ies ( spiritual natures1 b ,i almo/ fe> t ) ! mortal veil ( y\r s5ses surr\nd+ y1 ^! my/]ies c nev] be made p]fectly intelligible to y\r m9d4 ,spiritual natures are et]nal & indivisible1 b _! modes ( be+ are z inf9itely v>i$ z ! =ms ( matt]4 ,!y h no relation to space1 &1 9 _! transitions1 no dep5d5ce ^u "t1 s t !y c pass f "o "p ( ! univ]se to ano!r by laws entirely indep5d5t ( _! motion4 ,! quantity1 or ! numb] ( spiritual ess5ces1 l ! quantity or numb] ( ! atoms ( ! mat]ial _w1 are always ! same2 b _! arrangem5ts1 l ^? ( ! mat]ials :i* !y are de/9$ to guide or gov]n1 are inf9itely div]sifi$2 !y are1 9 fact1 p>ts m or less inf]ior ( ! inf9ite m9d1 & 9 ! planet>y sy/ems1 to "o ( :i* ?is globe y inhabit belongs1 are 9 a /ate ( probation1 cont9ually aim+ at1 & g5]ally ris+ to a high] /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,7 x p]mitt$ me to ext5d y\r vision to ! fates ( individual exi/5ces1 ,i c\ld %[ y ! same _s1 :i* 9 ! =m ( ,socrates develop$ ! f\ndations ( moral & social virtue1 9 ! ,cz> ,pet] possess$ ( supreme p[] & enjoy+ exalt$ felicity 9 improv+ a rude p4 ,i c\ld %[ y ! monad or _s1 :i* ) ! organs ( ,newton display$ an intellig5ce almo/ above humanity1 n[ 9 a high] & bett] /ate ( planet>y exi/5ce dr9k+ intellectual light f a pur] s\rce & approa*+ ne>] to ! inf9ite & div9e ,m9d4 ,b prep>e y\r m9d1 & y %all at lea/ cat* a glimpse ( ^? /ates :i* ! highe/ intellectual be+s t h belong$ to ! e>? enjoy aft] dea? 9 _! transition to n[ & m exalt$ natures4 ,! voice ceas$1 & ,i appe>$ 9 a d>k1 deep1 & cold cave1 ( :i* ! walls ( ! ,colosaeum =m$ ! b\nd>y4 ,f above a bright & rosy light broke into ?is cave1 s t :il/ bel[ all 0 d>k1 above all 0 bright & illum9at$ ) glory4 ,i seem$ possess$ at ?is mom5t ( a new s5se1 & felt t ! light br\ght ) x a g5ial w>m?2 od\rs l ^? ( ! mo/ balmy fl[]s appe>$ to fill ! air1 & ! sweete/ s\nds ( music absorb$ my s5se ( he>+2 my limbs _h a new lightness giv5 to !m1 s t ,i seem$ to rise f ! e>?1 & gradually m\nt$ into ! bright lum9\s air1 leav+ beh9d me ! d>k & cold cav]n1 & ! ru9s ) :i* x 0 /rew$4 ,language is inadequate to describe :at ,i felt 9 ris+ cont9ually upw>ds ?r\gh ?is bright & lum9\s atmosph]e4 ,i _h n1 z is g5]ally ! case ) p]sons 9 dreams ( ?is k9d1 imag9$ to myself w+s2 b ,i rose gradually & securely z if ,i 7 myself a "p ( ! asc5d+ column ( light4 ,by degrees ?is lum9\s atmosph]e1 :i* 0 diffus$ ov] ! :ole ( space1 became m circumscrib$1 & ext5d$ only to a limit$ spot ar\nd me4 ,i saw ?r\gh x ! bright blue sky1 ! moon & />s1 & ,i pass$ by !m z if x 7 9 my p[] to t\* !m ) my h&4 ,i beheld ,jupit] & ,saturn z !y appe> ?r\gh our be/ telescopes1 b /ill m magnifi$1 all ! moons & belts ( ,jupit] be+ p]fectly di/9ct1 & ! d\ble r+ ( ,saturn appe>+ 9 t /ate 9 :i* ,i h he>d ,h]s*el (t5 express a wi% he c\ld see x4 ,x seem$ z if ,i 0 on ! v]ge ( ! sol> sy/em1 & my mov+ sph]e ( light n[ appe>$ to pause4 ,i aga9 he>d ! l[ & sweet voice ( ! ,g5ius1 :i* said1 ,y are n[ on ! v]ge ( y\r own sy/em3 w y g fur!r1 or return to ! e>?8 ,i repli$1 ,i h left an abode :i* is damp1 dre>y1 d>k & cold2 ,i am n[ 9 a place :]e all is life1 light1 & enjoym5t2 %[ me1 at lea/ be=e ,i return1 ! glimpse :i* y promis$ me ( ^? sup]ior intellectual natures & ! modes ( _! be+ & _! enjoym5ts4 ,!re are creatures f> sup]ior1 said ! ,g5ius1 to any idea y\r imag9ation c =m 9 t "p ( ! sy/em n[ be=e y1 compreh5d+ ,saturn1 8 moons & r+s4 ,i w c>ry y to ! v]ge ( ! imm5se atmosph]e ( ?is planet4 ,9 t space y w see suffici5t to wond] at1 & f> m ?an ) y\r pres5t organisation x w\ld be possible = me to make y und]/&4 ,i 0 aga9 9 motion1 & aga9 almo/ z sudd5ly at re/4 ,i saw bel[ me a surface inf9itely div]sifi$1 some?+ l t ( an imm5se glaci] cov]$ ) l>ge column> masses1 :i* appe>$ z if =m$ ( glass1 & f :i* 7 susp5d$ r\nd$ =ms ( v>i\s sizes1 :i*1 if !y _h n be5 transp>5t1 ,i might h suppos$ to be fruit4 ,f :at appe>$ to me to be analog\s to masses ( bright blue ice1 /reams ( ! ri*e/ t9t ( rose-col\r or purple bur/ =? & fl[$ into bas9s1 =m+ lakes or seas ( ! same col\r4 ,look+ ?r\gh ! atmosph]e t[>ds ! heav5s1 ,i saw brilliant opaque cl\ds ( an azure col\r t reflect$ ! light ( ! sun1 :i* _h to my eyes an entirely new aspect1 & appe>$ small]1 z if se5 ?r\gh a d5se blue mi/4 ,i saw mov+ on ! surface bel[ me imm5se masses1 ! =ms ( :i* ,i f9d x impossible to describe2 !y _h sy/ems = locomotion simil> to ^? ( ! morse or sea-horse1 b ,i saw ) great surprise t !y mov$ f place to place by six extremely ?9 membranes1 :i* !y us$ z w+s4 ,_! col\rs 7 v>i$ & beautiful1 b pr9cipally azure & rose-col\r4 ,i saw num]\s convolutions ( tubes1 m analog\s to ! trunk ( ! elephant ?an to any?+ else ,i c imag9e1 occupy+ :at ,i suppos$ to be ! upp] p>ts ( ! body1 & my feel+ ( a/oni%m5t almo/ became "o ( disgu/1 f ! peculi> "* ( ! organs ( ^! s+ul> be+s2 & x 0 ) a species ( t]ror t ,i saw "o ( !m m\nt+ upw>ds1 app>5tly fly+ t[>ds ^? opaque cl\ds :i* ,i h be=e m5tion$4 ,i "k :at y\r feel+s are1 said ! ,g5ius2 y want analogies & all ! elem5ts ( k to compreh5d ! sc5e be=e y4 ,y are 9 ! same /ate 9 :i* a fly w\ld be ^: microscopic eye 0 *ang$ = "o simil> to t ( man2 & y are :olly unable to associate :at y n[ see ) y\r =m] k4 ,b ^? be+s :o are be=e y1 & :o appe> to y almo/ z imp]fect 9 _! functions z ! zoophytes ( ! ,pol> ,sea1 to :i* !y are n unlike 9 _! app>5t organisation to y\r eyes1 h a sph]e ( s5sibility & intellectual enjoym5t f> sup]ior to t ( ! inhabitants ( y\r e>?4 ,ea* ( ^? tubes :i* appe>s l ! trunk ( an elephant is an organ ( peculi> motion or s5sation4 ,!y h _m modes ( p]ception ( :i* y are :olly ignorant1 at ! same "t t _! sph]e ( vision is inf9itely m ext5d$ ?an y\rs1 & _! organs ( t\* f> m p]fect & exquisite4 ,x w\ld be useless = me to attempt to expla9 _! organisation1 :i* y c\ld nev] und]/&2 b ( _! intellectual objects ( pursuit ,i may p]haps give y "s notion4 ,!y h us$1 modifi$1 & appli$ ! mat]ial _w 9 a mann] analog\s to man2 b ) f> sup]ior p[]s !y h ga9$ sup]ior results4 ,_! atmosph]e be+ mu* d5s] ?an y\rs & ! specific gravity ( _! planet less1 !y h be5 enabl$ to det]m9e ! laws belong+ to ! sol> sy/em ) f> m accuracy ?an y c possibly conceive1 & any "o ( ^? be+s c\ld %[ y :at is n[ ! situation & appe>ance ( y\r moon ) a precision t w\ld induce y to believe t he saw x1 ?\gh 8 k is m]ely ! result ( calculation4 ,_! s\rces ( pleasure are ( ! highe/ intellectual nature2 ) ! magnific5t spectacle ( _! own r+s & moons revolv+ r\nd !m1 ) ! v>i\s comb9ations requir$ to und]/& & pr$ict ! relations ( ^! wond]ful ph5om5a _! m9ds are 9 unceas+ activity & ?is activity is a p]petual s\rce ( enjoym5t4 ,y\r view ( ! sol> sy/em is b\nd$ by ,uranus1 & ! laws ( ?is planet =m ! ultimatum ( y\r ma!matical results2 b ^! be+s cat* a sight ( planets belong+ to ano!r sy/em & ev5 reason on ! ph5om5a pres5t$ by ano!r sun4 ,^? comets1 ( :i* y\r a/ronomical hi/ory is s imp]fect1 are to !m p]fectly famili>1 & 9 _! ephem]ides _! places are %[n ) z mu* accurat5ess z ^? ( ,jupit] or ,v5us 9 y\r almanacks2 ! p>allax ( ! fix$ />s ne>e/ !m is z well und]/ood z t ( _! own sun1 & !y possess a magnific5t hi/ory ( ! *anges tak+ place 9 ! heav5s & :i* are gov]n$ by laws t x w\ld be va9 = me to attempt to give y an idea (4 ,!y are acqua9t$ ) ! revolutions & uses ( comets2 !y und]/& ! sy/em ( ^? meteoric =mations ( /ones :i* h s mu* a/oni%$ y on e>?2 & !y h hi/ories 9 :i* ! gradual *anges ( nebulas 9 _! progress t[>ds sy/ems h be5 regi/]$1 s t !y c pr$ict _! future *anges4 ,& _! a/ronomical records are n l y\rs :i* g back only tw5ty c5turies to ! "t ( ,hipp>*us2 !y embrace a p]iod a hundr$ times z long1 & _! civil hi/ory = ! same "t is z correct z _! a/ronomical "o4 ,z ,i _c describe to y ! organs ( ^! wond]ful be+s1 s nei!r c ,i %[ to y _! modes ( life2 b z _! highe/ pleasures dep5d ^u intellectual pursuits1 s y may conclude t ^? modes ( life be> ! /ricte/ analogy to t :i* on ! e>? y w\ld call exalt$ virtue4 ,i w tell y h[ev] t !y h no w>s1 & t ! objects ( _! ambition are entirely ^? ( intellectual greatness1 & t ! only passion t !y feel 9 :i* comp>isons ) ea* o!r c be in/itut$ are ^? dep5d5t ^u a love ( glory ( ! pure/ k9d4 ,if ,i 7 to %[ y ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! surface ( ?is planet1 y w\ld see m>vell\s results ( ! p[]s possess$ by ^! highly intellectual be+s & ( ! wond]ful mann] 9 :i* !y h appli$ & modifi$ matt]4 ,^? column> masses1 :i* seem to y z if aris+ out ( a mass ( ice bel[1 are results ( art1 & processes are go+ on 9 !m connect$ ) ! =mation & p]fection ( _! food4 ,! brilliant col\r$ fluids are ! results ( su* op]ations z on ! e>? w\ld be p]=m$ 9 y\r laboratories1 or m prop]ly 9 y\r ref9$ cul9>y app>atus1 = !y are connect$ ) _! sy/em ( n\ri%m5t4 ,^? opaque azure cl\ds1 to :i* y saw a few m9utes ago "o ( ^? be+s direct+ 8 c\rse1 are works ( art & places 9 :i* !y move ?r\gh diff]5t regions ( _! atmosph]e & comm& ! temp]ature & ! quantity ( light mo/ fitt$ = _! philosophical rese>*es1 or mo/ conv5i5t = ! purposes ( life4 ,on ! v]ge ( ! visible horizon :i* we p]ceive ar\nd u1 y may see 9 ! ea/ a v d>k spot or %ad[1 9 :i* ! light ( ! sun seems entirely absorb$2 ?is is ! bord] ( an imm5se mass ( liquid analog\s to y\r ocean1 b unlike y\r sea x is inhabit$ by a race ( intellectual be+s inf]ior inde$ to ^? belong+ to ! atmosph]e ( ,saturn1 b yet possess$ ( an ext5sive range ( s5sations & end[$ ) extraord9>y p[] & intellig5ce4 ,i c\ld transport y to ! diff]5t planets & %[ y 9 ea* peculi> intellectual be+s be>+ analogies to ea* o!r1 b yet all diff]5t 9 p[] & ess5ce4 ,9 ,jupit] y w\ld see creatures simil> to ^? 9 ,saturn1 b ) diff]5t p[]s ( locomotion2 9 ,m>s & ,v5us y w\ld f9d races ( creat$ =ms m analog\s to ^? belong+ to ! e>?2 b 9 e "p ( ! planet>y sy/em y w\ld f9d "o "* peculi> to all intellig5t natures1 a s5se ( receiv+ impressions f light by v>i\s organs ( vision1 & t[>ds ?is result y _c b p]ceive t all ! arrangem5ts & motions ( ! planet>y bodies1 _! satellites & atmosph]es are subs]vi5t4 ,! spiritual natures !re=e t pass f sy/em to sy/em 9 progression t[>ds p[] & k pres]ve at lea/ ?is "o inv>iable "*1 & _! intellectual life may be said to dep5d m or less ^u ! influ5ce ( light4 ,z f> z my k ext5ds1 ev5 9 o!r p>ts ( ! univ]se ! m p]fect organis$ sy/ems /ill possess ?is s\rce ( s5sation & enjoym5t2 b ) high] natures1 f9] & m e!real k9ds ( matt] are employ$ 9 organisation1 sub/ances t be> ! same analogy to common matt] t ! ref9$ or mo/ subtle gases d to common solids & fluids4 ,! univ]se is ev]y:]e full ( life1 b ! modes ( ?is life are inf9itely div]sifi$1 & yet e =m ( x mu/ be enjoy$ & kn[n by e spiritual nature be=e ! consummation ( all ?+s4 ,y h se5 ! comet mov+ ) its imm5se tra9 ( light ?r\gh ! sky2 ?is likewise has a sy/em suppli$ ) liv+ be+s & _! exi/5ce d]ives its enjoym5t f ! div]sity ( circum/ances to :i* !y are expos$2 pass+ z x 7 ?r\gh ! inf9ity ( space !y are cont9ually gratifi$ by ! sight ( new sy/ems & worlds1 & y c imag9e ! unb\nd$ nature ( ! circle ( _! k4 ,my p[] ext5ds s f> z to af=d y a glimpse ( ! nature ( a comet>y _w4 ,i 0 aga9 9 rapid motion1 aga9 pass+ ) ! utmo/ velocity ?r\gh ! bright blue sky1 & ,i saw ,jupit] & 8 satellites & ,saturn & 8 r+ beh9d me1 & be=e me ! sun1 no long] appe>+ z ?r\gh a blue mi/ b 9 bright & unsupportable spl5d\r1 t[>ds :i* ,i seem$ mov+ ) ! utmo/ velocity2 9 a limit$ sph]e ( vision1 9 a k9d ( r$ hazy light simil> to t :i* fir/ broke 9 ^u me 9 ! ,colosaeum1 ,i saw mov+ r\nd me globes :i* appe>$ compos$ ( diff]5t k9ds ( flame & ( diff]5t col\rs4 ,9 "s ( ^! globes ,i recognis$ figures :i* put me 9 m9d ( ! human c\nt5ance1 b ! resemblance 0 s awful & unnatural t ,i endeav\r$ to )draw my view f !m4 ,y are n[1 said ! ,g5ius1 9 a comet>y sy/em2 ^? globes ( light surr\nd+ y are mat]ial =ms1 su* z 9 "o ( y\r sy/ems ( religi\s fai? h be5 attribut$ to s]aphs2 !y live 9 t elem5t :i* to y w\ld be de/ruction2 !y communicate by p[]s :i* w\ld conv]t y\r organis$ frame into a%es2 !y are n[ 9 ! height ( _! enjoym5t1 be+ ab\t to ent] into ! blaze ( ! sol> atmosph]e4 ,^! be+s s gr&1 s glori\s1 ) functions to y incompreh5sible1 once belong$ to ! e>?2 _! spiritual natures h ris5 ?r\gh diff]5t /ages ( planet>y life1 leav+ _! du/ beh9d !m1 c>ry+ ) !m only _! intellectual p[]4 ,y ask me if !y h any k or rem9isc5ce ( _! transitions2 tell me ( y\r own recollections 9 ! womb ( y\r "m & ,i w answ] y4 ,x is ! law ( div9e wisdom t no _s c>ries ) x into ano!r /ate & be+ any habit or m5tal qualities except ^? :i* may be connect$ ) its new wants or enjoym5ts2 & k relat+ to ! e>? w\ld be no m useful to ^! glorifi$ be+s ?an _! e>?ly sy/em ( organis$ du/1 :i* w\ld be in/antly resolv$ into its ultimate atoms at su* a temp]ature2 ev5 on ! e>? ! butt]fly does n transport ) x into ! air ! organs or ! appetites ( ! crawl+ worm f :i* x sprung4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o s5tim5t or passion :i* ! monad or spiritual ess5ce c>ries ) x into all its /ages ( be+1 & :i* 9 ^! happy & elevat$ creatures is cont9ually exalt$2 ! love ( k or ( intellectual p[]1 :i* is1 9 fact1 9 its ultimate & mo/ p]fect developm5t ! love ( inf9ite wisdom & unb\nd$ p[]1 or ! love ( ,god4 ,ev5 9 ! imp]fect life t belongs to ! e>? ?is passion exi/s 9 a consid]able degree1 increases ev5 ) age1 outlives ! p]fection ( ! corporeal faculties1 & at ! mom5t ( dea? is felt by ! consci\s be+1 & its future de/9ies dep5d ^u ! mann] 9 :i* x has be5 ex]cis$ & exalt$4 ,:5 x has be5 misappli$ & assum$ ! =ms ( vague curiosity1 re/less ambition1 va9 glory1 pride or oppression1 ! be+ is degrad$1 x s9ks 9 ! scale ( exi/5ce & /ill belongs to ! e>? or an inf]ior sy/em1 till its errors are correct$ by pa9ful discipl9e4 ,:51 on ! contr>y1 ! love ( intellectual p[] has be5 ex]cis$ on its noble/ objects1 9 discov]+ & 9 contemplat+ ! prop]ties ( creat$ =ms & 9 apply+ !m to useful & b5evol5t purposes1 9 develop+ & admir+ ! laws ( ! et]nal ,intellig5ce1 ! de/9ies ( ! s5ti5t pr9ciple are ( a nobl] k9d1 x rises to a high] planet>y _w4 ,f ! height to :i* y h be5 lift$ ,i c\ld c>ry y d[nw>ds & %[ y intellectual natures ev5 inf]ior to ^? belong+ to ! e>?1 9 y\r own moon & 9 ! l[] planets1 & ,i c\ld demon/rate to y ! effects ( pa9 or moral evil 9 assi/+ 9 ! great plan ( ! exaltation ( spiritual natures2 b ,i w n de/roy ! brightness ( y\r pres5t idea ( ! s*eme ( ! univ]se by degrad+ pictures ( ! effects ( bad passions & ( ! mann] 9 :i* evil is correct$ & de/roy$4 ,y\r vision mu/ end ) ! glori\s view ( ! inhabitants ( ! comet>y worlds2 ,i _c %[ y ! be+s ( ! sy/em to :i* ,i1 myself1 belong1 t ( ! sun2 y\r organs w\ld p]i% be=e our brightness1 & ,i am only p]mitt$ to be pres5t to y z a s\nd or intellectual voice4 ,we are likewise 9 progression1 b we see & "k some?+ ( ! plans ( inf9ite wisdom2 we feel ! p]sonal pres5ce ( t supreme ,deity :i* y only imag9e2 to y belongs fai?1 to u k2 & our greate/ delight results f ! conviction t we are lights k9dl$ by ,8 light & t we belong to ,8 sub/ance4 ,to obey1 to love1 to wond] & adore1 =m our relations to ! inf9ite ,intellig5ce4 ,we feel ,8 laws are ^? ( et]nal ju/ice & t !y gov]n all ?+s f ! mo/ glori\s intellectual natures belong+ to ! sun & fix$ />s to ! meane/ sp>k ( life animat+ an atom crawl+ 9 ! du/ ( y\r e>?4 ,we "k all ?+s beg9 f & end 9 ,8 ev]la/+ ess5ce1 ! cause ( causes1 ! p[] ( p[]s4 ,! l[ & sweet voice ceas$2 x appe>$ z if ,i _h fall5 sudd5ly ^u ! e>?1 b !re 0 a bright light be=e me & ,i he>d my "n l\dly call$2 ! voice 0 n ( my intellectual guide--! g5ius be=e me 0 my s]vant be>+ a flambeau 9 8 h&4 ,he told me he _h be5 se>*+ me 9 va9 among/ ! ru9s1 t ! c>riage _h be5 wait+ = me above an h\r1 & t he _h left a l>ge p>ty ( my fri5ds assembl$ 9 ! ,palazzo ,f---4 ,,dialogue ,,! ,,second4 ,,discussions ,,connect$ ,,) ,,! ,,vision ,,9 ,,! ,,colosaeum4 ,! same fri5ds1 ,ambrosio & ,onuphrio1 :o 7 my companions at ,rome 9 ! w9t]1 accompani$ me 9 ! spr+ to ,naples4 ,_m conv]sations occurr$ 9 ! c\rse ( our j\rney :i* 7 (t5 to me peculi>ly in/ructive1 & f ! diff]5ce ( _! op9ions g5]ally animat$ & (t5 ent]ta9+4 ,i %all detail "o ( ^! conv]sations1 :i* took place 9 ! ev5+ on ! summit ( ,vesuvius1 & ! remembrance ( :i* f its connection ) my vision 9 ! ,colosaeum has always a peculi> int]e/ = me4 ,we _h rea*$ ) "s lab\r ! edge ( ! crat] & 7 admir+ ! wond]ful sc5e ar\nd u4 ,i %all give ! conv]sation 9 ! words ( ! p]sons ( ! drama4 ,philale!s4--,x is difficult to say :e!r !re is m ( sublimity or beauty 9 ! sc5e ar\nd u4 ,nature appe>s at once smil+ & fr[n+1 9 activity & repose4 ,h[ trem5d\s is ! volcano1 h[ magnific5t ?is great laboratory ( ,nature 9 its unceas+ fire1 its subt]rane\s lightn+s & ?und]1 its volumes ( smoke1 its %[]s ( /ones & its riv]s ( ignit$ lava6 ,h[ contra/$ ! d>kness ( ! scoriae1 ! ru9s & ! desolation r\nd ! crat] ) ! sc5e bel[6 ,!re we see ! ri* field cov]$ ) flax1 or maize1 or millet1 & int]sect$ by r[s ( trees :i* support ! gre5 & graceful fe/oons ( ! v9e2 ! orange & lemon tree cov]$ ) gold5 fruit appe> 9 ! %elt]$ gl5s2 ! olive trees cov] ! l[] hills2 isl&s purple 9 ! beams ( ! sett+ sun are scatt]$ ov] ! sea 9 ! we/1 & ! sky is t9t$ ) r$ s(t5+ into ! brighte/ & pure/ azure2 ! di/ant m\nta9s /ill reta9 a "p ( ! sn[s ( w9t]1 b !y are rapidly melt+ & !y absolutely seem to melt reflect+ ! beams ( ! sett+ sun1 gl[+ z if on fire4 ,& man appe>s emul\s ( ,nature1 = ! city bel[ is full ( activity2 ! ne>e/ "p ( ! bay is cov]$ ) boats1 busy multitudes cr[d ! /r&1 & at ! same "t may be se5 a numb] ( ! arts belong+ to civilis$ society 9 op]ation--h\se-build+1 %ip-build+1 rope-mak+1 ! manipulations ( ! smi? & ( ! agriculturi/1 & n only ! useful arts1 b ev5 ! amusem5ts & luxuries ( a great metropolis may be witness$ f ! spot 9 :i* we /&2 t motley cr[d is collect$ r\nd a polic9ello1 & ^? small] gr\ps t surr\nd ! /alls are employ$ 9 enjoy+ ! fav\rite food & dr9k ( ! lazz>oni4 ,ambrosio4--,we see n only ! p[] & activity ( man1 z exi/+ at pres5t1 & ( :i* ! highe/ example may be repres5t$ by ! /eam-boat :i* is n[ dep>t+ = ,pal]mo1 b we may likewise view sc5es :i* c>ry u into ! v bosom ( antiquity1 &1 z x 71 make u live ) ! g5]ations ( pa/ ages4 ,^? small squ>e build+s1 sc>cely visible 9 ! di/ance1 are ! tombs ( di/+ui%$ m5 among/ ! e>ly ,greek coloni/s ( ! c\ntry2 & ^? r[s ( h\ses1 )\t ro(s1 :i* appe> z if newly erect+1 con/itute a ,roman t[n re/or$ f its a%es1 t rema9$ = c5turies z if x _h be5 swept f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,:5 y /udy x 9 detail y w h>dly avoid ! illusion t x is a ris+ city2 y w almo/ be tempt$ to ask :]e are ! workm51 s p]fect art ! walls ( ! h\ses1 s bright & un9jur$ ! pa9t+ ^u !m4 ,h>dly any?+ is want+ to make ?is sc5e a magnific5t epitome ( all t is mo/ wor?y ( admiration 9 ,nature & art2 _h !re be5 9 addition to ! o!r objects a f9e riv] & a wat]fall ! epitome w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 h be5 absolutely p]fect4 ,phil4--,y are mo/ unreasonable 9 imag9+ additions to a sc5e :i* x is impossible to embrace 9 "o view1 & :i* pres5ts s _m objects to ! s5ses1 ! memory1 & to ! imag9ation2 yet !re is a riv] 9 ! valley betwe5 ,naples & ,ca/el del ,m>e2 y may see its silv] ?read & ! :ite foam ( its torr5ts 9 ! di/ance1 & if y 7 geologi/s y w\ld f9d a numb] ( s\rces ( int]e/1 :i* h n be5 m5tion$1 9 ! sc5]y surr\nd+ u4 ,somma :i* is be=e u1 = in/ance1 af=ds a wond]ful example ( a m\nta9 =m$ ( m>9e deposits1 & :i* has be5 rais$ by subt]rane\s fire1 & ^? l>ge & s+ul> ve9s :i* y see at ! base & ris+ ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ! /rata are compos$ ( volcanic porphyry1 & (f] a mo/ /rik+ & beautiful example ( ! g5]ation & /ructure ( rocks & m9]al =mations4 ,onuphrio4--,z we pass$ ?r\gh ,portici1 on ! road to ! base ( ,vesuvius1 x appe>$ to me t ,i saw a /one :i* _h an anci5t ,roman inscription ^u x1 & :i* occupi$ ! place ( a portal 9 ! mod]n palace ( ! ,b>b]9i4 ,phil4--,?is is n an uncommon circum/ance3 ,mo/ ( ! /ones us$ 9 ! palaces ( ,portici _h be5 employ$ m ?an two ?\s& ye>s be=e 9 /ructures rais$ by ! anci5t ,romans or ,greek coloni/s2 & x is n a little rem>kable t ! build+s ( ,h]culaneum1 a t[n cov]$ ) a%es1 tufa1 & lava1 f ! fir/ record$ eruption ( ,vesuvius m ?an sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 %\ld h be5 con/ruct$ ( volcanic mat]ials produc$ by "s antec$5t igne\s action ( ! m\nta9 9 times beyond ! rea* ( hi/ory2 & x is /ill m rem>kable t m5 %\ld h gone on = s _m ages mak+ erections 9 spots :]e _! works h be5 s (t5 de/roy$1 inatt5tive to ! voice ( "t or ! w>n+s ( nature4 ,onu4--,?is la/ fact recalls to my recollection an idea :i* ,philale!s />t$ 9 ! rem>kable dream :i* he w\ld h u believe occurr$ to him 9 ! ,colosaeum1 namely--t no important facts :i* c be useful to society are ev] lo/2 & t1 l ^! /ones1 :i* ?\gh cov]$ ) a%es or hidd5 among/ ru9s1 !y are sure to be br\ght =w>d aga9 & made use ( 9 "s new =m4 ,amb4--,i d n see ! ju/ness ( ! analogy to :i* ,onuphrio ref]s2 b !re are _m p>ts ( t vision on :i* ,i %\ld wi% to he> ! explanations ( ,philale!s4 ,i consid] x 9 fact z a sort ( poetical epitome ( 8 philosophical op9ions1 & ,i reg>d ?is vision or dream z a m]e web ( 8 imag9ation 9 :i* he int5d$ to cat* u1 8 summ]-flies & travell+ companions4 ,phil4--,!re1 ,ambrosio1 y d me wrong4 ,i w ackn[l$ge1 if y please1 t ! vision 9 ! ,colosaeum is a fiction2 b ! mo/ important p>ts ( x really occurr$ to me 9 sleep1 p>ticul>ly t 9 :i* ,i seem$ to leave ! e>? & laun* into ! inf9ity ( space "u ! guidance ( a tutel>y g5ius4 ,& ! orig9 & progress ( civil society =m likewise p>ts ( ano!r dream :i* ,i _h _m ye>s ago1 & x 0 9 ! rev]ie :i* happ5$ :5 y quitt$ me 9 ! ,colosaeum t ,i wove all ^! ?\ghts toge!r1 & gave !m ! =m 9 :i* ,i n>rat$ !m to y4 ,amb4--,( c\rse we may consid] !m z an accurate repres5tation ( y\r wak+ ?\ghts4 ,phil4--,i d n say t !y /rictly are s1 = ,i am n q conv9c$ t dreams are always repres5tations ( ! /ate ( ! m9d modifi$ by organic diseases or by associations4 ,!re are c]ta9ly no absolutely new ideas produc$ 9 sleep1 yet ,i h _h m ?an "o in/ance1 9 ! c\rse ( my life1 ( mo/ extraord9>y comb9ations occurr+ 9 ?is /ate1 :i* h _h consid]able influ5ce on my feel+s1 my imag9ation1 & my heal?4 ,onu4--,:y ,philale!s1 y are becom+ a vision>y1 a dream] ( dreams4 ,we %all p]haps set y d[n by ! side ( ,jacob ,behm5 or ( ,emanuel ,sw$5b\rg1 & 9 an e>li] age y might h be5 a prophet1 & h rank$ p]haps ) ,mahomet4 ,b pray give u "o ( ^! in/ances 9 :i* su* a m>vell\s influ5ce 0 produc$ on y\r imag9ation & y\r heal? by a dream t we may =m "s judgm5t ( ! nature ( y\r second sight or inspirations2 & :e!r !y h any f\ndation1 or :e!r !y are n1 z ,i believe1 really unf\nd$1 inv5tions ( ! fancy1 dreams respect+ dreams4 ,phil4--,i anticipate unbelief1 & ,i expose myself to y\r ridicule 9 ! /atem5t ,i am ab\t to make1 yet ,i %all m5tion no?+ b a simple fact4 ,almo/ a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago1 z y "k1 ,i contract$ t t]rible =m ( typhus-fev] kn[n by ! "n ( gaol- fev]1 ,i may say1 n f any imprud5ce ( my own1 b :il/ engag$ 9 putt+ 9 execution a plan = v5tilat+ "o ( ! great prisons ( ! metropolis4 ,my illness 0 sev]e & dang]\s4 ,z long z ! fev] cont9u$1 my dreams or delirium 7 mo/ pa9ful & oppressive2 b :5 ! weakness consequ5t to exhau/ion came on1 & :5 ! probability ( dea? seem$ to my physicians great] ?an t ( life1 !re 0 an entire *ange 9 all my ideal comb9ations4 ,i rema9$ 9 an app>5tly s5seless or le?>gic /ate1 b 9 fact my m9d 0 peculi>ly active2 !re 0 always be=e me ! =m ( a beautiful woman1 ) :om ,i 0 engag$ 9 ! mo/ int]e/+ & intellectual conv]sation4 ,amb4--,! figure ( a lady ) :om y 7 9 love4 ,phil4--,no su* ?+2 ,i 0 passionately 9 love at ! "t1 b ! object ( my admiration 0 a lady ) black hair1 d>k eyes1 & pale complexion2 ?is _s ( my vision1 on ! contr>y1 _h br[n hair1 blue eyes1 & a bright rosy complexion1 & 01 z f> z ,i c recollect1 unlike any ( ! amatory =ms :i* 9 e>ly y\? _h s (t5 haunt$ my imag9ation4 ,h] figure = _m days 0 s di/9ct 9 my m9d1 z to =m almo/ a visual image4 ,z ,i ga9$ /r5g?1 ! visits ( my good angel 7= s ,i call$ x7 became less frequ5t1 & :5 ,i 0 re/or$ to heal? !y 7 altoge!r discont9u$4 ,onu4--,i see no?+ v /range 9 ?is--a m]e reaction ( ! m9d aft] sev]e pa9--&1 to a "y man ( tw5ty-five1 !re are few m pleasurable images ?an t ( a beautiful maid5 ) blue eyes1 bloom+ *eeks1 & long nut-br[n hair4 ,phil4--,b all my feel+s & all my conv]sations ) ?is vision>y maid5 7 ( an intellectual & ref9$ nature4 ,onu4--,yes1 ,i suppose1 z long z y 7 ill4 ,phil4--,i w n all[ y to treat me ) ridicule on ?is po9t till y h he>d ! second "p ( my tale4 ,t5 ye>s aft] ,i _h recov]$ f ! fev]1 & :5 ,i _h almo/ lo/ ! recollection ( ! vision1 x 0 recall$ to my memory by a v bloom+ & graceful maid51 f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s old1 t ,i accid5tally met dur+ my travels 9 ,illyria2 b ,i _c say t ! impression made ^u my m9d by ?is female 0 v /rong4 ,n[ comes ! extraord9>y "p ( ! n>rative4 ,t5 ye>s aft]1 tw5ty ye>s aft] my fir/ illness1 at a "t :5 ,i 0 exce$+ly weak f a sev]e & dang]\s malady1 :i* = _m weeks ?reat5$ my life1 & :5 my m9d 0 almo/ 9 a despond+ /ate1 be+ 9 a c\rse ( travels ord]$ by my m$ical advis]s1 ,i aga9 met ! p]son :o 0 ! repres5tative ( my vision>y female1 & to h] k9dness & c>e ,i believe ,i owe :at rema9s to me ( exi/5ce4 ,my despond5cy gradually disappe>$1 & ?\gh my heal? /ill cont9u$ weak1 life began to possess *>ms = me :i* ,i _h ?\ght 7 = ev] gone2 & ,i c\ld n help id5tify+ ! liv+ angel ) ! vision :i* appe>$ z my gu>dian g5ius dur+ ! illness ( my y\?4 ,onu4--,i really see no?+ at all 9 ?is fact1 :e!r ! fir/ or ! second "p ( ! n>rative be consid]$1 beyond ! influ5ce ( an imag9ation excit$ by disease4 ,f y\?1 ev5 to age1 wom5 are our gu>dian angels1 our com=t]s2 & ,i d>e say any o!r h&some "y female1 :o _h be5 y\r nurse 9 y\r la/ illness1 w\ld h co9cid$ ) y\r remembrance ( ! vision1 ev5 ?\gh h] eyes _h be5 hazel & h] hair flax54 ,no?+ c be m loose ?an ! images repres5t$ 9 dreams foll[+ a fev]1 & ) ! n]v\s susceptibility produc$ by y\r la/ illness1 almo/ any agreeable =m w\ld h become ! repres5tative ( y\r imag9>y gu>dian g5ius4 ,?us x is1 t by ! p[] ( fancy1 mat]ial =ms are clo!d 9 sup]natural attributes2 & 9 ! same mann] imag9>y div9ities h all ! =ms ( mortality be/[$ ^u !m4 ,! gods ( ! pagan my?ology 7 9 all _! *>act]s & attributes exalt$ human be+s2 ! demon ( ! c[>d1 & ! angelic =m t appe>s 9 ! dream ( "s maid smitt5 by devotion1 & :o1 hav+ lo/ h] e>?ly lov]1 fixes h] ?\ghts on heav51 are clo!d 9 ! "* & ve/m5ts ( humanity *ang$ by ! dream9ess ( passion4 ,amb4--,) su* a t5d5cy1 ,philale!s1 z y h %[n to believe 9 some?+ l a sup]natural or div9e influ5ce on ! human m9d1 ,i am a/oni%$ !re %\ld be s mu* scepticism belong+ to y\r vision 9 ! ,colosaeum4 ,& y\r view ( ! e>ly /ate ( man1 aft] 8 fir/ creation1 is n only incompatible ) revelation1 b likewise ) reason & ev]y?+ t we "k respect+ ! hi/ory or traditions ( ! e>ly nations ( antiquity4 ,phil4--,be m di/9ct & detail$ 9 y\r /atem5ts1 ,ambrosio1 t ,i may be able to reply to !m2 & :il/ we are wait+ = ! sunrise we may discuss ! subject1 & = ?is1 let u seat ourselves on ^! /ones1 :]e we %all be w>m$ by ! vic9ity ( ! curr5t ( lava4 ,amb4--,y consid] man1 9 8 e>ly or fir/ creat$ /ate1 a savage1 l ^? :o n[ inhabit ,new ,holl& or ,new ,zeal&1 acquir+ by ! little use t !y make ( a feeble reason ! p[] ( support+ & ext5d+ life4 ,n[1 ,i cont5d1 t if man _h be5 s creat$1 he mu/ inevitably h be5 de/roy$ by ! elem5ts or dev\r$ by savage bea/s1 s inf9itely 8 sup]iors 9 physical =ce4 ,he mu/1 !re=e1 h be5 =m$ ) v>i\s in/9ctive faculties & prop5sities1 ) a p]fection ( =m & use ( organs fitt+ him to become ! ma/] ( ! e>?2 &1 x appe>s to me1 t ! acc\nt giv5 9 ,g5esis ( ! fir/ p>5ts ( mank9d hav+ be5 plac$ 9 a g>d5 fitt$ ) ev]y?+ necess>y to _! exi/5ce & enjoym5t1 & ord]$ to increase & multiply !re1 is /rictly 9 h>mony ) reason1 & accordant ) all j metaphysical views ( ! human m9d4 ,man z he n[ exi/s c only be rais$ ) great c>e & difficulty f ! infant to ! mature /ate2 all 8 motions are at fir/ automatic1 & become volunt>y by association2 he has to le>n ev]y?+ by sl[ & difficult processes1 _m mon?s elapse be=e he is able to /&1 & _m ye>s be=e he is able to provide = ! common wants ( life4 ,)\t ! "m or ! nurse 9 8 infant /ate1 he w\ld die 9 a few h\rs2 & )\t ! labori\s discipl9e ( in/ruction & example1 he w\ld rema9 idiotic & inf]ior to mo/ o!r animals4 ,8 reason is only acquir$ gradually1 & :5 9 its highe/ p]fection is (t5 unc]ta9 9 its results4 ,he mu/1 !re=e1 h be5 creat$ ) in/9cts t = a long :ile suppli$ ! want ( reason1 & :i* enabl$ him f ! fir/ mom5t ( 8 exi/5ce to provide = 8 wants1 to gratify 8 desires1 & enjoy ! p[] & ! activity ( life4 ,phil4--,i ackn[l$ge t y\r objection has "s weight1 b n s mu* z y w\ld attribute to x4 ,i w suppose t ! fir/ creat$ man or m5 _h c]ta9 p[]s or in/9cts1 su* z n[ belong to ! rude/ savages ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e2 ,i w suppose !m creat$ ) ! use ( _! organs = def5ce & (f5ce & ) passions & prop5sities enabl+ !m to supply _! own wants4 ,& ,i oppose ! fact ( races :o are n[ actually 9 ?is /ate to y\r vague hi/orical or tradition>y records2 & _! gradual progress or improvem5t f ?is e>ly /ate ( society to t ( ! highe/ /ate ( civilisation or ref9em5t may1 ,i ?9k1 be easily d$uc$ f ! ex]tions ( reason assi/$ by ! influ5ce ( ! moral p[]s & ( physical circum/ances4 ,accid5t1 ,i conceive1 mu/ h _h "s influ5ce 9 lay+ ! f\ndations ( c]ta9 arts2 & a climate 9 :i* lab\r 0 n too oppressive1 & 9 :i* ! ex]tion ( indu/ry 0 requir$ to provide = ! wants ( life mu/ h fix$ ! "* ( ! activity ( ! e>ly improv+ p2 :]e nature is too k9d a "m1 man is g5]ally a spoil$ *ild2 :]e %e is sev]e1 & a /epmo!r1 8 p[]s are usually )]$ & de/roy$4 ,! p ( ! s\? & ! nor? & ^? betwe5 ! tropics (f]1 ev5 at ?is day1 pro( ( ! tru? ( ?is pr9ciple2 & x is ev5 possible n[ to f9d on ! surface ( ! e>?1 all ! diff]5t gradations ( ! /ates ( society1 f t 9 :i* man is sc>cely remov$ above ! brute1 to t 9 :i* he appe>s approa*+ 9 8 nature to a div9e intellig5ce4 ,besides1 reason be+ ! noble/ gift ( ,god to man1 ,i c h>dly suppose t an inf9itely p[]ful & all- wise ,creator w\ld be/[ ^u ! e>ly inhabitants ( ! globe a great] proportion ( in/9ct ?an 0 at fir/ necess>y to pres]ve _! exi/5ce1 & t he w\ld n leave ! great progress ( _! improvem5t to ! developm5t & exaltation ( _! reason+ p[]s4 ,amb4--,y appe> to me 9 y\r argum5t to h =gott5 ! influ5ce t any civilis$ race mu/ possess ov] savages2 & _m ( ! nations :i* y consid] z 9 _! orig9al /ate1 may h desc5d$ f nations =m]ly civilis$2 &1 x is q z easy to trace ! retrograde /eps ( a p z _! advances2 ! savage hordes :o n[ inhabit ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,africa are probably desc5d$ f ! opul5t1 comm]cial1 & +5i\s ,c>?ag9ians :o once cont5d$ ) ,rome = ! empire ( ! _w2 & ev5 ne>] home1 we might f9d 9 ,s\!rn ,italy & h] isl&s1 pro(s ( a degradation n mu* inf]ior4 ,:at ,i cont5d = is ! civilisation ( ! fir/ patri>*al races :o peopl$ ! ,ea/1 & :o pass$ into ,europe f ,arm5ia1 9 :i* p>adise is suppos$ to h be5 plac$4 ,! e>ly civilisation ( ?is race c\ld only h be5 9 consequ5ce ( _! p[]s & in/9cts hav+ be5 ( a high] "* ?an ^? ( savages4 ,!y appe> to h be5 small families--a /ate n at all fitt$ = ! discov]y ( arts by ! ex]cise ( ! m9d2 & !y pr(ess$ ! mo/ sublime =m ( religion1 ! wor%ip ( "o ,supreme ,intellig5ce--a tru? :i*1 aft] a ?\s& ye>s ( civilisation1 0 ) difficulty atta9$ by ! mo/ p[]ful ef=ts ( reason+ by ! ,greek sages4 ,x appe>s to me1 t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews1 no?+ c be m 9 con=mity to our ideas ( j analogy ?an ?is s]ies ( ev5ts4 ,our fir/ p>5ts 7 creat$ ) ev]y?+ necess>y = _! wants & _! happ9ess2 !y _h only "o duty to p]=m1 by _! ob$i5ce to prove _! love & devotion to _! ,creator4 ,9 ?is !y fail$1 & dea?--or ! fe> ( dea?--became a curse ^u _! race2 b ! fa!r ( mank9d rep5t$1 & 8 in/9ctive or intellectual p[]s giv5 by revelation 7 transmitt$ to 8 (fspr+ m or less modifi$ by _! reason1 :i* !y _h ga9$ z ! fruit ( _! disob$i5ce4 ,"o bran* ( 8 (fspr+1 h[ev]1 9 :om fai? %one =? above reason1 reta9$ _! peculi> p[]s & in/itutions & pres]v$ ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah pure1 :il/ _m ( ! races sprung f _! bre?r5 became idolatr\s1 & ! cle> light ( heav5 0 lo/ ?r\gh ! mi/ ( ! s5ses2 & t ,be+1 wor%ipp$ by ! ,israelites only z a my/]i\s ^w1 0 =gott5 by _m ( ! nations :o liv$ 9 ! neighb\r+ c\ntries1 & m51 bea/s1 ! p>ts ( ! visible univ]se1 & ev5 /ocks & /ones1 7 set up z objects ( adoration4 ,! difficulty :i* ! div9e legislators ( ! ,jewi% p _h to pres]ve ! purity ( _! religion among/ ! idolatr\s nations by :om !y 7 surr\nd$1 proves ! natural evil t5d5cy ( ! human m9d aft] ! fall ( man4 ,&1 :oev] w consid] ! nature ( ! ,mosaical or c]emonial law & ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 susp5d$ be=e ! end ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ! expiatory sacrifice ( ! ,messiah1 ! fe> ( dea? de/roy$ by ! bless$ hopes ( immortality e/abli%$ by ! resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ,titus1 & ! triumphs ( ,*ri/ianity ov] paganism 9 ! "t ( ,con/ant9e1 c ,i ?9k1 h>dly fail to ackn[l$ge ! reasonabl5ess ( ! tru? ( reveal$ religion z f\nd$ ^u ! e>ly hi/ory ( man2 & :oev] ackn[l$ges ?is reasonabl5ess & ?is tru?1 mu/ ,i ?9k be dissatisfi$ ) ! view :i* ,philale!s or 8 g5ius has giv5 ( ! progress ( society1 & w f9d 9 x "o in/ance1 among/ _m o!rs t might be discov]$1 ( ! vague & err+ results ( 8 s mu* boa/$ human reason4 ,onu4--,i fe> ,i %all %ock ,ambrosio1 b ,i _c help v9dicat+ a little ! philosophical results ( human reason1 :i* x mu/ be all[$ are entirely ho/ile to 8 ideas4 ,i agree ) ,philale!s t x is ! noble/ gift ( ,god to man2 & ,i _c ?9k t ,ambrosio's view ( ! p>adisaical condition & ! fall ( man & ! progress ( society is at all 9 con=mity ) ! ideas we ought to =m ( ! in/itutions ( an inf9itely wise & p[]ful ,be+4 ,besides1 ,ambrosio speaks ( ! reasonabl5ess ( 8 own op9ions2 ( c\rse 8 notions ( reason mu/ be diff]5t f m9e1 or we h adopt$ diff]5t =ms ( logic4 ,i d n f9d 9 ! biblical hi/ory any idea ( ! supreme ,intellig5ce con=mable to ^? ( ! ,greek philosoph]s2 on ! contr>y1 ,i f9d ,jehovah ev]y:]e describ$ z a p[]ful mat]ial be+1 end[$ ) organs1 feel+s1 & passions simil> to ^? ( a great & exalt$ human ag5t4 ,he is describ$ z mak+ man 9 ,8 own image1 z walk+ 9 ! g>d5 9 ! cool ( ! ev5+1 z be+ pleas$ ) sacrificial (f]+s1 z angry ) ,adam & ,eve1 z p]sonally curs+ ,ca9 = 8 crime ( fratricide1 & ev5 z provid+ our fir/ p>5ts ) g>m5ts to hide _! nak$ness2 !n ,he appe>s a mat]ial =m 9 ! mid/ ( flames1 ?und] & lightn+1 & 0 reg>d$ by ! ,levites z hav+ a fix$ resid5ce 9 ! ,ark4 ,he is contra/$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ) ! gods ( ! hea!ns1 only z be+ m p[]ful2 & 9 ! /range sc5e :i* took place 9 ,ph>aoh's c\rt ,he seem$ to h measur$ ,8 abilities ) ^? ( c]ta9 se]s or magicians1 & to h prov$ ,8 sup]iority only by produc+ great] & m trem5d\s plagues4 ,9 all ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% nation !re is no conception approa*+ to ! sublimity ( t ( ,anaxagoras1 :o call$ ,god ! ,intellig5ce or ,greek text4 ,he appe>s always1 on ! contr>y1 l ! g5ii ( ,arabian romance1 liv+ 9 cl\ds1 desc5d+ on m\nta9s1 urg+ ,8 *os5 p to commit ! mo/ atroci\s crimes1 to de/roy all ! races n pr(ess+ ! same wor%ip1 & to ext]m9ate ev5 ! *ild & ! unborn infant4 ,!n1 ,i f9d 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t no promise ( a spiritual ,messiah1 b only ( a temporal k+1 :o1 z ! ,jews believe1 is yet to come4 ,! s]p5t 9 ,g5esis has no connection ) ! _s ( evil1 b is describ$ only z ! mo/ subtle bea/ ( ! field1 &1 hav+ injur$ man1 !re 0 to be a p]petual enmity betwe5 _! races--! s]p5t :5 able 0 to bite ! heel ( ! man1 & ! man :5 an opportunity occurr$ 0 to bruise ! head ( ! s]p5t4 ,i w all[1 if y please1 t an in/9ct ( religion or sup]/ition belongs to ! human m9d1 & t ! diff]5t =ms :i* ?is in/9ct assumes dep5d ^u v>i\s circum/ances & accid5ts ( hi/ory & climate2 b ,i am n sure t ! religion ( ! ,jews 0 sup]ior to t ( ! ,sabaeans :o wor%ipp$ ! />s1 or ! anci5t ,p]sians :o ador$ ! sun z ! visible symbol ( div9e p[]1 or ! ea/]n nations :o 9 ! v>i\s =ms ( ! visible univ]se wor%ipp$ ! p[]s & en]gies ( ! ,div9ity4 ,i feel l ! anci5t ,romans ) respect to tol]ation2 ,i w\ld give a place to all ! gods 9 my ,pan!on1 b ,i w\ld n all[ ! foll[]s ( ,brahmah or ( ,*ri/ to qu>rel ab\t ! modes ( inc>nation or ! sup]iority ( ! attributes ( _! tri5 ,god4 ,amb4--,y h mi/ak5 me1 ,onuphrio1 if y ?9k ,i am %ock$ by y\r op9ions2 ,i h se5 too mu* ( ! w&]+s ( human reason ev] to be surpris$ by !m1 & ! views y h adopt$ are n uncommon among/ "y m5 ( v sup]ior tal5ts1 :o h only slightly exam9$ ! evid5ces ( reveal$ religion4 ,b ,i am glad to f9d t y h n adopt$ ! code ( infidelity ( _m ( ! ,fr5* revolutioni/s & ( an ,engli% s*ool ( sceptics1 :o f9d 9 ! anci5t a/ronomy all ! g]ms ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,hebrews1 :o id5tify ! lab\rs ( ,h]cules ) ^? ( ! ,jewi% h]oes1 & :o f9d ! life1 dea? & resurrection ( ! ,messiah 9 ! hi/ory ( ! sol> day4 ,y1 at lea/1 all[ ! exi/5ce ( a peculi> religi\s in/9ct1 or1 z y are pleas$ to call x1 sup]/ition1 belong+ to ! human m9d1 & ,i h hopes t ^u ?is f\ndation y w ultimately build up a sy/em ( fai? n unwor?y a philosoph] & a ,*ri/ian4 ,man1 ) :atev] religi\s in/9cts he 0 creat$1 0 int5d$ to communicate ) ! visible univ]se by s5sations & act ^u x by 8 organs1 & 9 ! e>lie/ /ate ( society he 0 m p>ticul>ly influ5c$ by 8 gross s5ses4 ,all[+ ! exi/5ce ( a supreme ,intellig5ce & ,8 b5efic5t int5tions t[>ds man1 ! ideas ( ,8 pres5ce :i* ,he might ?9k fit to impress ^u ! m9d1 ei!r = ! purpose ( v5]ation1 or ( love1 ( hope or fe>1 mu/ h be5 9 h>mony ) ! g5]al tra9 ( ,8 s5sations--,i am n sure t ,i make myself intelligible4 ,! same inf9ite p[] :i* 9 an in/ant c\ld create a univ]se1 c\ld ( c\rse s modify ! ideas ( an intellectual be+ z to give !m t =m & "* mo/ fitt$ = 8 exi/5ce2 & ,i suppose 9 ! e>ly /ate ( creat$ man he imag9$ t he enjoy$ ! actual pres5ce ( ! ,div9ity & he>d ,8 voice4 ,i take ?is to be ! fir/ & simple/ result ( religi\s in/9ct4 ,9 e>ly times among/ ! patri>*s ,i suppose ^! ideas 7 s vivid z to be conf\nd$ ) impressions2 b z religi\s in/9ct probably became feebl] 9 _! po/]ity1 ! vividness ( ! impressions dim9i%$1 & !y !n became visions or dreams1 :i* ) ! prophets seem to h con/itut$ inspiration4 ,i d n suppose t ! ,supreme ,be+ ev] made ,himself kn[n to man by a real *ange 9 ! ord] ( ,nature1 b t ! s5sations ( m5 7 s modifi$ by _! in/9cts z to induce ! belief 9 ,8 pres5ce4 ,t !re 0 a div9e intellig5ce cont9ually act+ ^u ! race ( ,se? z 8 *os5 p1 is1 ,i ?9k1 cle>ly prov$ by ! ev5ts ( _! hi/ory1 & also t ! e>ly op9ions ( a small tribe 9 ,judaea 7 design$ = ! f\ndation ( ! religion ( ! mo/ active & civilis$ & p[]ful nations ( ! _w1 & t aft] a lapse ( ?ree ?\s& ye>s4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity spread ov] ! _w ) a few obscure me*anics or fi%]m5 = its promulgators2 ! mode 9 :i* x triumph$ ov] paganism ev5 :5 pr(ess$ & support$ by ! p[] & philosophy ( a ,julian2 ! m>tyrs :o subscrib$ to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity by %$d+ _! blood = ! fai?2 ! exalt$ nature ( ^? intellectual m5 by :om x has be5 pr(ess$ :o _h exam9$ all ! dep?s ( nature & ex]cis$ ! pr(\nde/ faculties ( ?\ght1 su* z ,newton1 ,locke1 & ,h>tley1 all appe> to me /rong argum5ts 9 fav\r ( reveal$ religion4 ,i pref] r f\nd+ my cre$ ^u ! fitness ( its doctr9es ?an ^u hi/orical evid5ces or ! nature ( its miracles4 ,! ,div9e ,intellig5ce *ooses t m5 %\ld be conv9c$ accord+ to ! ord9>y tra9 ( _! s5sations1 & on all occasions x appe>s to me m natural t a *ange %\ld take place 9 ! human m9d ?an 9 ! ord] ( nature4 ,! popul> op9ion ( ! p ( ,judaea 0 t c]ta9 diseases 7 occasion$ by devils tak+ possession ( a human be+2 ! disease 0 cur$ by our ,savi\r1 & ?is 9 ! ,gospel is express$ by 8 ca/+ out devils4 ,b )\t ent]+ into explanations respect+ ! hi/orical miracles belong+ to ,*ri/ianity1 x is suffici5t to say t its tru? is atte/$ by a con/antly exi/+ miracle1 ! pres5t /ate ( ! ,jews1 :i* 0 pr$ict$ by ,jesus2 _! temple & city 7 de/roy$1 & all attempts made to rebuild x h be5 va91 & !y rema9 ! despis$ & outca/s ( ! _w4 ,onu4--,b y h n answ]$ my objections ) respect to ! cruelties ex]cis$ by ! ,jews "u ! comm& ( ,jehovah1 :i* appe> to me 9 opposition to all our views ( div9e ju/ice4 ,amb4--,i ?9k ev5 ,philale!s w all[ t physical & moral diseases are h]$it>y1 & t to de/roy a p]nici\s unbelief or demoniacal wor%ip x 0 necess>y to de/roy ! :ole race root & bran*4 ,z an example1 ,i w imag9e a c]ta9 contagions disease :i* is transmitt$ by p>5ts to *ildr51 & :i*1 l ! plague1 is communicat$ to s\nd p]sons by contact2 to de/roy a family ( m5 :o w\ld spread ?is disease ov] ! :ole e>? w\ld unque/ionably be a m]cy4 ,besides1 ,i believe 9 ! immortality ( ! s5ti5t pr9ciple 9 man2 de/ruction ( life is only a *ange ( exi/5ce1 & suppos+ ! new exi/5ce a sup]ior "o x is a ga94 ,to ! ,supreme ,intellig5ce ! dea? ( a million ( human be+s is ! m]e circum/ance ( s _m spiritual ess5ces *ang+ _! habitations1 & is analog\s to ! myriad millions ( l>vae t leave _! coats & %ells beh9d !m & rise into ! atmosph]e1 z flies 9 a summ] day4 ,:5 man measures ! works ( ! ,div9e ,m9d by 8 own feeble comb9ations1 he mu/ w&] 9 gross error2 ! inf9ite c nev] be und]/ood by ! f9ite4 ,onu4--,z f> z ,i c compreh5d y\r reason+1 ! prie/s ( ,jugg]naut might make ! same def5ce = _! idol1 & f9d 9 su* views a fair apology = ! de/ruction ( ?\s&s ( volunt>y victims cru%$ to pieces by ! feet ( ! sacr$ elephant4 ,amb4--,und\bt$ly !y might1 & ,i %\ld all[ ! ju/ness ( _! def5ce if ,i saw 9 _! religion any g]ms ( a div9e in/itution fitt$ to become1 l ! religion ( ,jehovah1 ! fai? ( ! :ole civilis$ _w1 embrac+ ! mo/ p]fect =m ( !ism & ! mo/ ref9$ & exalt$ morality4 ,i consid] ! e>ly acts ( ! ,jewi% nation z ! l[e/ & rude/ /eps ( a temple rais$ by ! ,supreme ,be+ to conta9 ! alt> ( sacrifice to ,8 glory4 ,9 ! e>ly p]iods ( society rude & uncultivat$ m5 c\ld only be act$ ^u by gross & temporal rew>ds & puni%m5ts2 sev]e rites & heavy discipl9e 7 requir$ to keep ! m9d 9 ord]1 & ! puni%m5t ( ! idolatr\s nation s]v$ z an example = ! ,jews4 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity took ! place ( ,judaism ! ideas ( ! ,supreme ,be+ became m pure & ab/ract$1 & ! visible attributes ( ,jehovah & ,8 angels appe> to h be5 less frequ5tly pres5t$ to ! m9d2 yet ev5 = _m ages x seem$ z if ! grossness ( our mat]ial s5ses requir$ "s assi/ance f ! eye 9 fix+ or p]petuat+ ! "* ( religi\s in/9ct1 & ! ,*ur* to :i* ,i belong1 & ,i may say ! :ole ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 e>ly times1 all[$ visible images1 pictures1 /atues1 & relics z ! means ( awak5+ ! /rong] devotional feel+s4 ,we h be5 accus$ ( wor%ipp+ m]ely inanimate objects1 b ?is is a v false notion ( ! nature ( our fai?2 we reg>d !m m]ely z vivid *>act]s repres5t+ spiritual exi/5ces & we no m wor%ip !m ?an ! ,prote/ant does 8 ,bible :5 he kisses x "u a solemn religi\s adjuration4 ,! pa/1 ! pres5t1 & ! future be+ ! same to ! inf9ite & div9e ,intellig5ce1 & man be+ creat$ 9 love = ! purposes ( happ9ess1 ! moral & religi\s discipl9e to :i* he 0 submitt$ 0 9 /rict con=mity to 8 progressive faculties & to ! prim>y laws ( 8 nature4 ,x is b a rude analogy1 yet x is ! only "o ,i c f9d1 t ( comp>+ ! ,supreme ,be+ to a wise & good fa!r :o1 to secure ! well-be+ ( 8 (fspr+1 is oblig$ to adopt a sy/em ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts 9 :i* ! s5ses at fir/ & aft]w>ds ! imag9ation & reason are conc]n$2 he t]rifies !m by ! example ( o!rs1 awak5s _! love ( glory by po9t+ out ! di/9ction & ! happ9ess ga9$ by sup]ior m5 by adopt+ a p>ticul> l9e ( conduct2 he uses at fir/ ! rod1 & gradually sub/itutes = x ! fe> ( imm$iate %ame2 & hav+ awak5$ ! fe> ( %ame & ! love ( praise or hon\r ) respect to tempor>y & imm$iate actions he ext5ds !m to ! conduct ( ! :ole ( life1 & makes :at 0 a mom5t>y feel+ a p]man5t & immutable pr9ciple4 ,& ob$i5ce 9 ! *ild to ! w ( su* a p>5t may be comp>$ to fai? 9 & ob$i5ce to ! w ( ! ,supreme ,be+2 & a wayw>d & disob$i5t *ild :o reasons ^u & d\bts ! utility ( ! discipl9e ( su* a fa!r is mu* 9 ! same /ate 9 :i* ! adult man is :o d\bts if !re be good 9 ! decrees ( ,provid5ce & :o que/ions ! h>mony ( ! plan ( ! moral univ]se4 ,onu4--,all[+ ! p]fection ( y\r moral s*eme ( religion & its fitness = ! nature ( man1 ,i f9d x impossible to believe ! prim>y doctr9es on :i* ?is s*eme is f\nd$4 ,y make ! ,div9e ,m9d1 ! creator ( inf9ite worlds1 ent] into ! =m ( a man born ( a virg91 y make ! et]nal & immortal ,god ! victim ( %ameful puni%m5t & suff]+ dea? on ! cross1 recov]+ ,8 life aft] ?ree days1 & c>ry+ ,8 maim$ & lac]at$ body into ! heav5 ( heav5s4 ,amb4--,y1 l all o!r sceptics1 make y\r own int]pretations ( ! ,scriptures & set up a /&>d = div9e p[] 9 human reason4 ,! inf9ite & et]nal m9d1 z ,i said be=e1 fits ! doctr9es ( religion to ! m9ds by :i* !y are to be embrac$4 ,i see no improbability 9 ! idea t an integrant "p ( ,8 ess5ce may h animat$ a human =m2 !re c be no d\bt t ?is belief has exi/$ 9 ! human m9d1 & ! belief con/itutes ! vital "p ( ! religion4 ,we "k no?+ ( ! g5]ation ( ! human be+ 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature2 h[ absurd !n to attempt to reason ^u ! acts ( ! ,div9e ,m9d6 nor is !re m difficulty 9 imag9+ ! ev5t ( a div9e conception ?an ( a div9e creation4 ,to ,god ! inf9ite1 little & great1 z measur$ by human p[]s1 are equal2 a creature ( ?is e>?1 h[ev] humble & insignificant1 may h ! same weight ) millions ( sup]ior be+s inhabit+ high] sy/ems4 ,b ,i consid] all ! miracul\s p>ts ( our religion z effect$ by *anges 9 ! s5sations or ideas ( ! human m9d1 & n by physical *anges 9 ! ord] ( nature2 a man :o has to repair a piece ( ma*9]y1 z a clock1 mu/ take x to pieces1 &1 9 fact1 re-make x1 b to inf9ite wisdom & p[] a *ange 9 ! intellectual /ate ( ! human be+ may be ! result ( a mom5t>y w1 & ! m]e act ( fai? may produce ! *ange4 ,h[ great ! p[]s ( imag9ation are1 ev5 9 ord9>y life1 is %[n by _m /rik+ facts1 & no?+ seems impossible to ?is imag9ation :5 act$ ^u by div9e influ5ce4 ,to attempt to answ] all ! objections :i* may be d]iv$ f ! want ( con=mity 9 ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity to ! usual ord] ( ev5ts w\ld be an int]m9able lab\r4 ,my fir/ pr9ciple is1 t religion has no?+ to d ) ! common ord] ( ev5ts2 x is a pure & div9e in/9ct int5d$ to give results to man :i* he _c obta9 by ! common use ( 8 reason1 & :i* at fir/ view (t5 appe> contradictory to x1 b :i* :5 exam9$ by ! mo/ ref9$ te/s1 & consid]$ 9 ! mo/ ext5sive & pr(\nd relations1 are1 9 fact1 9 con=mity ) ! mo/ exalt$ intellectual k1 s t1 inde$1 ! results ( pure reason ultimately become ! same ) ^? ( fai?--! tree ( k is graft$ ^u ! tree ( life1 & t fruit :i* br\ght ! fe> ( dea? into ! _w1 budd+ on an immortal /ock1 becomes ! fruit ( ! promise ( immortality4 ,onu4--,y d]ive ,*ri/ianity f ,judaism2 ,i _c see _! connection1 & x appe>s to me t ! religion ( ,mahomet is m naturally a scion f ! /ock ( ,moses4 ,*ri/ 0 a ,jew1 & 0 circumcis$2 ?is rite 0 cont9u$ by ,mahomet1 & is to ?is day adopt$ by 8 disciples1 ?\gh reject$ by ! ,*ri/ians2 & ! doctr9es ( ,mahomet appe> to me to h a high] claim to div9e orig9 ?an ^? ( ,jesus2 8 morality is z pure1 8 !ism pur]1 & 8 sy/em ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts aft] dea? z mu* 9 con=mity ) our ideas ( et]nal ju/ice4 ,amb4--,i w will+ly make ! decision ( ! g5]al "q dep5d5t ^u ! decision ( ?is p>ticul> "o4 ,no attempts h be5 made by ! ,mahometans to f9d any pr$ictions respect+ _! f\nd] 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & !y h nev] pret5d$ ev5 t he 0 ! ,messiah2 !re=e1 z f> z prophecy is conc]n$1 !re is no gr\nd = admitt+ ! tru? ( ! religion ( ,mahomet4 ,x has be5 ! fa%ion ) a p>ticul> sect ( infidels to praise ! morality ( ! ,mahometans1 b ,i ?9k unju/ly2 !y are said to be hone/ 9 _! deal+s & *>itable to ^? ( _! own p]suasion2 b !y all[ polygamy & a plurality ( wom51 & are despis]s & p]secutors ( ! nations pr(ess+ a diff]5t fai?4 ,& :at a contra/ does ?is morality pres5t to t ( ! ,gospel :i* inculcates *>ity to all mank9d1 & ord]s b5evol5t actions to be p]=m$ ev5 to enemies6 & ! purity & simplicity ( ! infant is held up by ,*ri/ z ! model ( imitation = ,8 foll[]s4 ,!n1 9 ! rew>ds & puni%m5ts ( ! future /ate ( ! ,mahometans1 h[ gross are all ! ideas1 h[ unlike ! promises ( a div9e & spiritual be+2 _! p>adise is a m]e e>?ly g>d5 ( s5sual pleasure1 & _! ,h\ris repres5t ! ladies ( _! own h>ems r ?an glorifi$ angelic natures4 ,h[ diff]5t is ! ,*ri/ian heav51 h[ sublime 9 its idea1 indef9ite1 yet well suit$ to a be+ ( intellectual & progressive faculties2 ,eye ha? n se51 nor e> he>d1 nor ha? x ent]$ into ! he>t ( man to conceive ! joys t ,he ha? prep>$ = ^? :o love ,him4 ,onu4--,i confess y\r answ] to my la/ argum5t is a triumphant "o2 b ,i _c all[ a "q ( su* ext5t & ( su* a v>iety ( be>+s to be decid$ by s slight an advantage z t :i* y h ga9$ by ?is answ]4 ,i w n[ (f] ano!r difficulty to y4 ,! law ( ! ,jews1 y w all[1 0 e/abli%$ by ,god ,himself & deliv]$ to ,moses f ! seat ( ,8 glory among/ /orms1 ?und]1 & lightn+s1 on ,m\nt ,s9ai2 :y %\ld ?is law1 if pure & div9e1 h be5 ov]turn$ by ! same ,be+ :o e/abli%$ x8 ,& all ! c]emonies ( ! ,hebrews h be5 aboli%$ by ! fir/ ,*ri/ians4 ,amb4--,i d5y t ! div9e law ( ,moses 0 aboli%$ by ,*ri/1 :o ,himself says1 ,i came to confirm ! law1 n to de/roy x4 ,& ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts =m ! vital p>ts ( ! f\ndation ( ! cre$ ( ! true ,*ri/ian4 ,x appe>s t ! religion ( ,*ri/ 0 ! same pure !ism ) t ( ! patri>*s2 & ! rites & c]emonies e/abli%$ by ,moses seem to h be5 only adjuncts to ! spiritual religion int5d$ to suit a p>ticul> climate & a p>ticul> /ate ( ! ,jewi% nation1 r a dress or clo?+ ( ! religion ?an =m+ a con/itu5t "p ( x1 a sy/em ( discipl9e ( life & mann]s r ?an an ess5tial "p ( doctr9e4 ,! rites ( circumcision & ablution 7 necess>y to ! heal? & p]haps ev5 to ! exi/5ce ( a p liv+ on ! hotte/ "p ( ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,& 9 ! sacrifices made ( ! fir/ fruits & ( ! *os5 ( ! flock1 we may see a design n m]ely connect$ ) ! religi\s fai? ( ! p b ev5 ) _! political economy4 ,to (f] _! *oice/ & be/ prop]ty z a pro( ( _! gratitude to ! ,supreme ,be+ 0 a k9d ( te/ ( devot$ness & ob$i5ce to ! !ocracy2 & ^! sacrifices by oblig+ !m to raise m produce & provide m cattle ?an 7 ess5tial to _! ord9>y support1 pres]v$ !m f ! dang] ( fam9e1 z 9 case ( a de>? x 0 easy = ! prie/s "u ! div9e p]mission to apply ^? (f]+s to ! necessities ( ! p4 ,all ! pure p>ts ( ! fai? :i* _h desc5d$ f ,abraham to ,david 7 pres]v$ by ,jesus ,*ri/2 b ! c]emonial religion 0 fitt$ only = a p>ticul> nation & a p>ticul> c\ntry2 ,*ri/ianity1 on ! contr>y1 0 to be ! religion ( ! _w & ( a civilis$ & improv+ _w4 ,& x appe>s to me to be an additional pro( ( its div9e nature & orig91 t x is exactly 9 con=mity to ! pr9ciples ( ! improvem5t & p]fection ( ! human m9d4 ,:5 giv5 to a p>ticul> race fix$ 9 a peculi> climate1 its objects 7 s5sible1 its discipl9e 0 sev]e1 & its rites & c]emonies num]\s & impos+1 fitt$ to act ^u weak1 ignorant1 & consequ5tly ob/9ate m54 ,9 its gradual developm5t x ?rew (f its local "* & its p>ticul> =ms1 & adopt$ c]emonies m fitt$ = mank9d 9 g5]al2 & 9 its ultimate views1 x pres]ves only pure1 spiritual1 & ,i may say philosophical doctr9es1 ! unity ( ! div9e nature & a future /ate1 embrac+ a sy/em ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts suit$ to an acc\ntable & immortal be+4 ,phil4--,i h be5 att5tively li/5+ to y\r discussion4 ,! views :i* ,ambrosio has tak5 ( ,*ri/ianity c]ta9ly ?r[ a light ov] x p]fectly new to me2 &1 ,i mu/ say 9 c&\r1 t ,i am dispos$ to adopt 8 notion ( ! e>ly /ate ( society r ?an t ( my ,g5ius4 ,i h always be5 accu/om$ to consid] religi\s feel+ z in/9ctive2 b ,ambrosio's argum5ts h giv5 me some?+ approa*+ to a def9ite fai? = an obscure & indef9ite notion4 ,i am will+ to all[ t man 0 creat$1 n a savage1 z he is repres5t$ 9 my vision1 b p]fect 9 8 faculties & ) a v>iety ( in/9ctive p[]s & k2 t he transmitt$ ^! p[]s & k to 8 (fspr+2 b t by an improp] use ( reason 9 disob$i5ce to ! div9e w1 ! in/9ctive faculties ( mo/ ( 8 desc5dants became det]iorat$ & at la/ lo/1 b t ^! faculties 7 pres]v$ 9 ! race ( ,abraham & ,david1 & ! full p[] aga9 be/[$ ^u or recov]$ by ,*ri/4 ,i am ready to all[ ! importance ( religion 9 cultivat+ & improv+ ! _w2 & ,ambrosio's view appe>s to me capable ( be+ ref]r$ to a g5]al law ( our nature2 & revelation may be reg>d$ n z a p>tial int]f]5ce b z a con/ant pr9ciple belong+ to ! m9d ( man1 & ! belief 9 sup]natural =ms & ag5cy1 ! results ( prophecies & ! miracles1 z "o only ( ! necess>y consequ5ces ( x4 ,man1 z a reason+ animal1 mu/ always h d\bt$ ( 8 immortality & plan ( conduct2 9 all ! results ( fai?1 !re is imm$iate submission to a div9e w1 :i* we are sure is good4 ,we may comp>e ! de/9y ( man 9 ?is respect to t ( a migratory bird2 if a sl[ fly+ bird1 z a l&rail 9 ! ,orkneys 9 autumn1 _h reason & c\ld use x z to ! probability ( 8 f9d+ 8 way ov] des]ts1 across seas1 & ( secur+ 8 food 9 pass+ to a w>m climate #c1jjj miles (f1 he w\ld und\bt$ly />ve 9 ,europe2 "u ! direction ( 8 in/9ct he securely arrives !re 9 good condition4 ,i h all[$ ! =ce ( y\r objections to t "p ( my vision relat+ to ! orig9 ( society1 b ,i hope y w admit t ! conclusion ( x is n inconsi/5t ) ! ideas d]iv$ f revelation respect+ ! future /ate ( ! human be+4 ,amb4--,revelation has n disclos$ to u ! nature ( ?is /ate1 b only fix$ its c]ta9ty4 ,we are sure f geological facts1 z well z f sacr$ hi/ory1 t man is a rec5t animal on ! globe1 & t ?is globe has und]gone "o consid]able revolution1 s9ce ! creation1 by wat]2 & we are taught t x is to und]go ano!r1 by fire1 prep>atory to a new & glorifi$ /ate ( exi/5ce ( man2 b ?is is all we are p]mitt$ to "k1 & z ?is /ate is to be entirely diff]5t f ! pres5t "o ( mis]y & probation1 any k respect+ x w\ld be useless & inde$ almo/ impossible4 ,phil4--,my ,g5ius has plac$ ! m exalt$ spiritual natures 9 comet>y worlds1 & ?is la/ fi]y revolution may be produc$ by ! appulse ( a comet4 ,amb4--,human fancy may imag9e a ?\s& mann]s 9 :i* x may be produc$1 b ^u su* notions x is absurd to dwell4 ,i w n all[ y\r ,g5ius ! slighte/ approa* to inspiration1 & ,i c admit no v]isimility 9 a rev]ie :i* is fix$ on a f\ndation y n[ all[ to be s weak4 ,b see1 ! twilight is beg9n+ to appe> 9 ! ori5t sky1 & !re are "s d>k cl\ds on ! horizon opposite to ! crat] ( ,vesuvius1 ! l[] edges ( :i* transmit a bright light1 %[+ ! sun is already ris5 9 ! c\ntry b5ea? !m4 ,i w\ld say t !y may s]ve z an image ( ! hopes ( immortality d]iv$ f revelation2 = we are sure f ! light reflect$ 9 ^? cl\ds t ! l&s bel[ u are 9 ! brighte/ sun%9e1 b we are entirely ignorant ( ! surface & ! sc5]y2 s1 by revelation1 ! light ( an imp]i%able & glori\s _w is disclos$ to u2 b x is 9 et]nity1 & its objects _c be se5 by mortal eye or imag$ by mortal imag9ation4 ,phil4--,i am n s well read 9 ! ,scriptures z ,i hope ,i %all be at no v di/ant "t2 b ,i believe ! pleasures ( heav5 are m5tion$ m di/9ctly ?an y all[ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s4 ,i ?9k ,i rememb] t ! sa9ts are said to be cr[n$ ) palms & am>an?s1 & t !y are describ$ z p]petually hymn+ & prais+ ,god4 ,amb4--,?is is evid5tly only metaphorical2 music is ! s5sual pleasure :i* approa*es ne>e/ to an intellectual "o1 & probably may repres5t ! delight result+ f ! p]ception ( ! h>mony ( ?+s & ( tru? se5 9 ,god4 ,! palm z an ev]gre5 tree & ! am>an? a p]durable fl[] are emblems ( immortality4 ,if ,i am all[$ to give a metaphorical allusion to ! future /ate ( ! ble/1 ,i %\ld image x by ! orange grove 9 t %elt]$ gl51 on :i* ! sun is n[ beg9n+ to %9e1 & ( :i* ! trees are at ! same "t load$ ) sweet gold5 fruit & balmy silv] fl[]s4 ,su* objects may well portray a /ate 9 :i* hope & fruition become "o et]nal feel+4 ,onu4--,?is glori\s sunrise seems to h made y bo? poetical4 ,?\gh ) ! d>ke/ & mo/ gloomy m9d ( ! p>ty ,i _c help feel+ its influ5ce1 ,i _c help believ+ ) y t ! night ( dea? w be succe$$ by a bright morn+2 b1 z 9 ! sc5e bel[ u1 ! objects are ne>ly ! same z !y 7 la/ ev5+1 ) m ( brightness & brilliancy1 ) a fair] prospect 9 ! ea/ & m mi/ 9 ! we/1 s ,i _c help believ+ t our new /ate ( exi/5ce mu/ be> an analogy to ! pres5t "o1 & t ! ord] ( ev5ts w n be entirely diff]5t4 ,amb4--,y\r view is n an unnatural "o2 b ,i am rejoic$ to f9d "s symptoms ( a *ange 9 y\r op9ions4 ,onu4--,i wi% ) all my he>t !y 7 /rong]2 ,i beg9 to feel my reason a weight & my scepticism a v heavy load4 ,y\r discussions h made me a ,philo-,*ri/ian1 b ,i _c und]/& nor embrace all ! views y h develop$1 ?\gh ,i really wi% to d s4 ,amb4--,y\r wi%1 if s9c]e1 ,i d\bt n w be gratifi$4 ,fix y\r p[]ful m9d ^u ! h>mony ( ! moral _w1 z y h be5 long accu/om$ to d ^u ! ord] ( ! physical univ]se1 & y w see ! s*eme ( ! et]nal intellig5ce develop+ itself alike 9 bo?4 ,?9k ( ! goodness & m]cy ( omnipot5ce1 & aid y\r contemplation by devotional feel+s & m5tal pray] & aspirations to ! s\rce ( all k1 & wait ) humility = ! light :i* ,i d\bt n w be s produc$ 9 y\r m9d4 ,onu4--,y aga9 p]plex me2 ,i _c believe t ! adorations or (f]+s ( s feeble a creature c influ5ce ! decrees ( omnipot5ce4 ,amb4--,y mi/ake me3 z to _! influ5c+ or affect+ ! supreme m9d x is out ( ! "q1 b !y affect y\r own m9d1 !y p]petuate a habit ( gratitude & ( ob$i5ce :i* may gradually end 9 p]fect fai?1 !y discipl9e ! affections & keep ! he>t 9 a /ate ( prep>ation to receive & pres]ve all good & pi\s feel+s4 ,:oev] passes f utt] d>kness into bright sun%9e f9ds t he _c at fir/ di/+ui% objects bett] 9 "o ?an 9 ! o!r1 b 9 a feeble light he acquires gradually ! p[] ( be>+ a bright] "o1 & ga9s at la/ ! habit n only ( support+ x1 b ( receiv+ delight z well z in/ruction f x4 ,9 ! pi\s contemplations t ,i recomm5d to y !re is ! twilight or sob] dawn ( fai? :i* w ultimately enable y to support ! brightness ( its m]idian sun4 ,onu4--,i und]/& y1 b y\r metaphor is m poetical ?an j2 y\r discipl9e1 h[ev]1 ,i h no d\bt1 is bett] fitt$ to enable me to be> ! light ?an to contemplate x ?r\gh ! smok$ or col\r$ glasses ( scepticism4 ,amb4--,yes1 = !y n only dim9i% its brightness b alt] its nature4 ,,dialogue ,,! ,,?ird4 ,,! ,,unkn[n4 ,! same p]sons accompani$ me 9 _m j\rneys by l& & wat] to diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,phlegraean fields1 & we enjoy$ 9 a mo/ delightful season1 ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 ! beauties ( ! glori\s c\ntry :i* encloses ! ,bay ( ,naples1 s ri*1 s ornam5t$ ) ! gifts ( nature1 s int]e/+ f ! monum5ts x conta9s & ! recollections x awak5s4 ,"o excursion1 ! la/ we made 9 s\!rn ,italy1 ! mo/ important bo? f ! extraord9>y p]sonage ) :om x made me acqua9t$ & 8 influ5ce ^u my future life1 m]its a p>ticul> detail :i* ,i %all n[ deliv] to pap]4 ,x 0 on ! #af? ( ,may1 #ah-- t we left ,naples at ?ree 9 ! morn+ = ! purpose ( visit+ ! rema9s ( ! temples ( ,pae/um1 & hav+ provid$ relays ( horses we f\nd ourselves at ab\t half- pa/ "o o'clock desc5d+ ! hill ( ,eboli t[>ds ! pla9 :i* conta9s ^! /up5d\s monum5ts ( antiquity4 ,7 my exi/5ce to be prolong$ ?r\gh t5 c5turies1 ,i ?9k ,i c\ld nev] =get ! pleasure ,i receiv$ on t delici\s spot4 ,we alight$ f our c>riage to take "s refre%m5t1 & we repos$ ^u ! h]bage "u ! %ade ( a magnific5t p9e contemplat+ ! view ar\nd & bel[ u4 ,on ! "r 7 ! gre5 hills cov]$ ) trees /ret*+ t[>ds ,sal]no2 beyond !m 7 ! m>ble cliffs :i* =m ! s\!rn extremity ( ! ,bay ( ,sor5to2 imm$iately bel[ our feet 0 a ri* & cultivat$ c\ntry fill$ ) v9ey>ds & ab\nd+ 9 villas1 9 ! g>d5s ( :i* 7 se5 ! olive & ! cypress tree connect$ z if to memorialise h[ ne> to ea* o!r are life & dea?1 joy & sorr[2 ! di/ant m\nta9s /ret*+ beyond ! pla9 ( ,pae/um 7 9 ! full luxuriance ( v]nal vegetation2 & 9 ! extreme di/ance1 z if 9 ! mid/ ( a des]t1 we saw ! :ite temples glitt]+ 9 ! sun%9e4 ,! blue ,tyrrh5e sea fill$ up ! outl9e ( ?is sc5e1 :i*1 ?\gh s beautiful1 0 n calm2 !re 0 a heavy breeze :i* blew full f ! s\?we/2 x 0 lit]ally a zephyr1 & its fre%ness & /r5g? 9 ! middle ( ! day 7 peculi>ly balmy & delightful2 x seem$ a brea? /ol5 by ! spr+ f ! summ]4 ,i nev] saw a deep]1 bright] azure ?an t ( ! waves :i* roll$ t[>ds ! %ore1 & :i* 0 r5d]$ m /rik+ by ! pure :it5ess ( _! foam4 ,! agitation ( nature seem$ to be "o ( brea?+ & awak5+ life2 ! noise made by ! wav+ ( ! bran*es ( ! p9e above our heads & by ! rattl+ ( its cones 0 ov]p[]$ by ! music ( a multitude ( birds :i* sung ev]y:]e 9 ! trees t surr\nd$ u1 & ! coo+ ( ! turtle- doves 0 he>d ev5 m di/9ctly ?an ! murmur+ ( ! waves or ! :i/l+ ( ! w9ds1 s t 9 ! /rife ( nature ! voice ( love 0 pr$om9ant4 ,) our he>ts t\*$ by ?is extraord9>y sc5e we desc5d$ to ! ru9s1 & hav+ tak5 at a f>mh\se a p]son :o act$ z guide or cic]one1 we began to exam9e ^? wond]ful rema9s :i* h outliv$ ev5 ! "n ( ! p by :om !y 7 rais$1 & :i* cont9ue almo/ p]fect :il/ a ,roman & a ,s>ac5 city s9ce rais$ h be5 de/roy$4 ,we _h be5 walk+ = half an h\r r\nd ! temples 9 ! sun%9e :5 our guide repres5t$ to u ! dang] t !re 0 ( suff]+ f ! effects ( mal>ia1 = :i*1 z is well kn[n1 ?is place is notori\s1 & advis$ u to retire into ! int]ior ( ! temple ( ,neptune4 ,we foll[$ 8 advice1 & my companions began to employ !mselves 9 measur+ ! circumf]5ce ( "o ( ! ,doric columns1 :5 !y sudd5ly call$ my att5tion to a /rang] :o 0 sitt+ on a camp-/ool beh9d x4 ,! appe>ance ( any p]son 9 ?is place at ?is "t 0 suffici5tly rem>kable1 b ! man :o 0 be=e u f 8 dress & appe>ance w\ld h be5 rem>kable any:]e4 ,he 0 employ$ 9 writ+ 9 a memor&um book :5 we fir/ saw him1 b he imm$iately rose & salut$ u by b5d+ ! head slightly ?\gh gracefully2 & ?is enabl$ me to see di/9ctly 8 p]son & dress4 ,he 0 r above ! middle /ature1 sl5d]1 b ) well-turn$ limbs2 8 c\nt5ance 0 rem>kably intellig5t1 8 eye hazel b full & /rong1 8 front 0 smoo? & unwr9kl$1 & b = "s grey hairs1 :i* appe>$ silv]+ 8 br[n & curly locks1 he might h be5 suppos$ to h h>dly rea*$ ! middle age2 8 nose 0 aquil9e1 ! expression ( ! l[] "p ( 8 c\nt5ance rem>kably sweet1 & :5 he spoke to our guide1 :i* he did ) uncommon flu5cy 9 ! ,neapolitan dialect1 ,i ?\ght ,i _h nev] he>d a m agreeable voice1 sonor\s yet g5tle & silv]-s\nd$4 ,8 dress 0 v peculi>1 almo/ l t ( an ecclesia/ic1 b co>se & light2 & !re 0 a l>ge soil$ :ite hat on ! gr\nd beside him1 on :i* 0 fa/5$ a pilgrim's cockle %ell1 & !re 0 susp5d$ r\nd 8 neck a long antique blue enamell$ phial1 l ^? f\nd 9 ! ,greek tombs1 & x 0 atta*$ to a ros>y ( co>se beads4 ,he took up 8 hat1 & appe>$ to be retir+ to ano!r "p ( ! build+1 :5 ,i apologis$ = ! int]ruption we _h giv5 to 8 /udies1 begg$ him to resume !m1 & assur$ him t our /ay 9 ! build+ w\ld be only mom5t>y1 = ,i saw t !re 0 a cl\d ov] ! sun1 ! brightness ( :i* 0 ! cause ( our retir+4 ,i spoke 9 ,italian2 he repli$ 9 ,engli%1 obs]v+ t he suppos$ ! fe> ( contract+ ! mal>ia fev] _h induc$ u to seek ! %elt] ( ! %ade3 b x is too e>ly 9 ! season to h mu* reasonable fe> ( ?is insidi\s enemy2 yet1 he add$1 ?is bottle :i* y may h obs]v$ "h at my brea/1 ,i c>ry ab\t ) me1 z a suppos$ prev5tive ( ! effects ( mal>ia1 & z f> z my exp]i5ce1 a v limit$ "o1 h[ev]1 has gone1 x is effectual4 ,i v5tur$ to ask him :at ! bottle might conta91 z su* a b5efit ought to be made kn[n to ! _w4 ,he repli$1 ,x is a mixture :i* sl[ly produces ! sub/ance call$ by *emi/s *lor9e1 :i* is well kn[n to be g5]ally de/ructive to contagi\s matt]s2 & a fri5d ( m9e :o has liv$ = _m ye>s 9 ,italy1 & :o has made a numb] ( exp]im5ts ) x1 by expos+ himself to ! dang] ( fev] 9 ! wor/ seasons & 9 ! wor/ places1 believes t x is a secure prev5tive4 ,i am n conv9c$ ( ?is2 b x c d no h>m2 & 9 wait+ = m evid5ce ( its utility1 ,i employ x )\t putt+ ! lea/ confid5ce 9 its p[]2 nor d ,i expose myself to ! same dang] z my fri5d has done = ! sake ( an exp]im5t4 ,i said1 ,i believe sev]al sci5tific p]sons--,broc*i among/ o!rs--h d\bt$ ! exi/5ce ( any specific matt] 9 ! atmosph]e produc+ int]mitt5t fev]s 9 m>%y c\ntries & hot climates2 & h be5 m dispos$ to attribute ! disease to physical causes1 dep5d5t ^u ! great diff]5ces ( temp]ature betwe5 day & night & to ! refrig]at+ effects ( ! d5se fogs common 9 su* situations 9 ! ev5+ & morn+2 &1 on ?is hypo!sis1 !y h recomm5d$ w>m wooll5 clo?+ & fires at night z ! be/ prev5tives aga9/ ^! de/ructive diseases1 s fatal to ! peasants :o rema9 9 ! summ] & autumn 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! m>emme ( ,rome1 ,tuscany1 or ,naples4 ,! /rang] said1 ,i am acqua9t$ ) ! op9ions ( ! g5tlem51 & !y und\bt$ly h weight2 b t a specific matt] ( contagion has n be5 detect$ by *emical means 9 ! atmosph]e ( m>%es does n prove its non-exi/5ce4 ,we "k s little ( ^? ag5ts t affect ! human con/itution1 t x is ( no use to reason on ?is subject4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! l9e ( mal>ia above ! ,pont9e m>%es is m>k$ by a d5se fog morn+ & ev5+1 & mo/ ( ! old ,roman t[ns 7 plac$ ^u em95ces out ( ! rea* ( ?is fog4 ,i h myself exp]i5c$ a peculi> effect ^u ! organs ( smell 9 ! neighb\rhood ( m>%es 9 ! ev5+ aft] a v hot day2 & ! in/ances 9 :i* p h be5 seiz$ ) int]mitt5ts by a s+le exposure 9 a place infe/$ by mal>ia 9 ! season ( fev]s gives1 ,i ?9k1 a /rong support to some?+ l a poison\s mat]ial exi/+ 9 ! atmosph]e 9 su* spots2 b ,i m]ely (f] d\bts4 ,i hope ! progress ( physiology & ( *emi/ry w at no v di/ant "t solve ?is important problem4 ,ambrosio n[ came =w>d1 & b[+ to ! /rang]1 said he took ! lib]ty1 z he saw f 8 famili>ity ) ! cic]one t he 0 well acqua9t$ ) ,pae/um1 ( ask+ him :e!r ! masses ( trav]t9e1 ( :i* ! ,cyclopean walls & ! temples 7 =m$1 7 really produc$ by aque\s deposition f ! ,riv] ,sil>o1 z he _h (t5 he>d report$4 ,! /rang] repli$1 t !y 7 c]ta9ly produc$ by deposition f wat]2 & su* deposits are made by ! ,sil>o4 ,b ,i r believe1 he said1 t a lake 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! city furni%$ ! qu>ry f :i* ^! /ones 7 excavat$2 &1 9 half an h\r1 if y l1 aft] y h f9i%$ y\r exam9ations ( ! temples ) y\r guide1 ,i w accompany y to ! spot f :i* x is evid5t t l>ge masses ( ! trav]t9e1 m>mor tiburt9um1 or calc>e\s tufa1 h be5 rais$4 ,we ?ank$ him = 8 att5tion1 accept$ 8 invitation1 took ! usual walk r\nd ! temples1 & return$ to our new acqua9tance1 :o l$ ! way ?r\gh ! gate ( ! city to ! banks ( a pool or lake a %ort di/ance (f4 ,we walk$ to ! bord]s on a mass ( calc>e\s tufa1 & we saw t ?is sub/ance _h ev5 encru/$ ! re$s on ! %ore4 ,!re 0 some?+ peculi>ly melan*oly 9 ! "* ( ?is wat]2 all ! h]bs ar\nd x 7 grey1 z if encru/$ ) m>ble2 a few buffaloes 7 slak+ _! ?ir/ 9 x1 :i* ran wildly away on our approa*1 & appe>$ to retire into a rocky excavation or qu>ry at ! end ( ! lake2 !re 7 a numb] ( birds1 :i*1 on exam9ation1 ,i f\nd 7 sea swall[s1 flitt+ on ! surface & busily employ$ ) ! libella or dragon- fly 9 de/roy+ ! myriads ( gnats :i* rose f ! bottom & 7 beg9n+ to be v tr\blesome by _! bites to u4 ,!re1 said ! /rang]1 is :at ,i believe to be ! s\rce ( ^? l>ge & durable /ones :i* y see 9 ! pla9 be=e y4 ,?is wat] rapidly deposits calc>e\s matt]1 & ev5 if y ?r[ a /ick into x1 a few h\rs is suffici5t to give x a coat+ ( ?is sub/ance4 ,:i*ev] way y turn y\r eyes y see masses ( ?is rec5tly-produc$ m>ble1 ! consequ5ce ( ! ov]fl[+ ( ! lake dur+ ! w9t] floods1 & 9 t l>ge excavation :]e y saw ! buffaloes disappe> y may obs]ve t imm5se masses h be5 remov$1 z if by ! h& ( art & 9 remote times4 ,! m>ble t rema9s 9 ! qu>ry is ( ! same texture & "* z t :i* y see 9 ! ru9s ( ,pae/um1 & ,i ?9k x is sc>cely possible to d\bt t ! build]s ( ^? extraord9>y /ructures d]iv$ a "p ( _! mat]ials f ?is spot4 ,ambrosio gave 8 ass5t to ?is op9ion ( ! /rang]2 & ,i took ! lib]ty ( ask+ him z to ! quantity ( calc>e\s matt] conta9$ 9 solution 9 ! lake1 say+ t x appe>$ to me1 = s rapid & consid]able an effect ( deposition1 !re mu/ be an unusual quantity ( solid matt] dissolv$ by ! wat] or "s peculi> circum/ance ( solution4 ,! /rang] repli$1 ,?is wat] is l _m1 ,i may say mo/ ( ! s\rces :i* rise at ! foot ( ! ,ap5n9es3 x holds c>bonic acid 9 solution :i* has dissolv$ a portion ( ! calc>e\s matt] ( ! rock ?r\gh :i* x has pass$4 ,?is c>bonic acid is dissipat$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 & ! m>ble1 sl[ly ?r[n d[n1 assumes a cry/all9e =m & produces coh]5t /ones4 ,! lake be=e u is n p>ticul>ly ri* 9 ! quantity ( calc>e\s matt] t x conta9s1 =1 z ,i h f\nd by exp]i5ce1 a p9t ( x does n af=d m ?an five or six gra9s2 b ! quantity ( fluid & ! l5g? ( "t are suffici5t to acc\nt = ! imm5se quantities ( tufa & rock :i* 9 ! c\rse ( ages h accumulat$ 9 ?is situation4 ,onuphrio's curiosity 0 excit$ by ?is /atem5t ( ! /rang]1 & he said1 ,may ,i take ! lib]ty ( ask+ if y h any idea z to ! cause ( ! l>ge quantity ( c>bonic acid :i* y h be5 s good z to in=m u exi/s 9 mo/ ( ! wat]s 9 ?is c\ntry8 ,! /rang] repli$1 ,i c]ta9ly h =m$ an op9ion on ?is subject1 :i* ,i will+ly /ate to y4 ,x c1 ,i ?9k1 be sc>cely d\bt$ t !re is a s\rce ( volcanic fire at no great di/ance f ! surface 9 ! :ole ( s\!rn ,italy2 &1 ?is fire act+ ^u ! calc>e\s rocks ( :i* ! ,ap5n9es are compos$1 mu/ con/antly deta* f !m c>bonic acid1 :i* ris+ to ! s\rces ( ! spr+s1 deposit$ f ! wat]s ( ! atmosph]e1 mu/ give !m _! impregnation & enable !m to dissolve calc>e\s matt]4 ,i ne$ n dwell ^u ,etna1 ,vesuvius1 or ! ,lip>i ,isl&s to prove t volcanic fires are /ill 9 exi/5ce2 & !re c be no d\bt t 9 e>li] p]iods almo/ ! :ole ( ,italy 0 ravag$ by !m2 ov5 ,rome itself1 ! et]nal city1 re/s ^u ! crat]s ( ext9ct volcanoes2 & ,i imag9e t ! traditional & fabul\s record ( ! de/ruction made by ! conflagration ( ,phaeton 9 ! *>iot ( ! sun & 8 fall+ into ! ,po _h ref]5ce to a great & trem5d\s igne\s volcanic eruption1 :i* ext5d$ ov] ,italy & ceas$ only ne> ! ,po at ! foot ( ! ,alps4 ,be ?is z x may1 ! s\rces ( c>bonic acid are num]\s1 n m]ely 9 ! ,neapolitan1 b likewise 9 ! ,roman & ,tuscan /ates4 ,! mo/ magnific5t wat]fall 9 ,europe1 t ( ! ,vel9o1 ne> ,t]ni1 is p>tly f$ by a /ream conta9+ calc>e\s matt] dissolv$ by c>bonic acid1 & x deposits m>ble1 :i* cry/allises ev5 9 ! mid/ ( its ?und]+ desc5t & foam 9 ! b$ 9 :i* x falls4 ,! ,anio or ,tev]one1 :i* almo/ approa*es 9 beauty to ! ,vel9o 9 ! numb] & v>iety ( its falls & cascatelle1 is likewise a calc>e\s wat]2 & !re is /ill a m rem>kable "o :i* empties itself into ?is riv] bel[ ,tivoli1 & :i* y h probably se5 9 y\r excursions 9 ! campagna ( ,rome1 call$ ! lacus ,albula or ! lake ( ! ,solfat>a4 ,ambrosio said1 ,we rememb] x well1 we saw x ?is v spr+2 we 7 c>ri$ !re to exam9e "s anci5t ,roman ba?s1 & we 7 /ruck by ! blue milk9ess ( ! wat]1 by ! magnitude ( ! s\rce1 & by ! disagreeable smell ( sulphurett$ hydrog5 :i* ev]y:]e surr\nd$ ! lake4 ,! /rang] said1 ,:5 y return to ,latium ,i advise y to pay ano!r visit to a spot :i* is int]e/+ f a numb] ( causes1 "s ( :i* ,i w take ! lib]ty ( m5tion+ to y4 ,y h only se5 "o lake1 t :]e ! anci5t ,romans erect$ _! ba?s1 b !re is ano!r a few y>ds above x1 surr\nd$ by v high ru%es1 & almo/ hidd5 by !m f ! sight4 ,?is lake s5ds d[n a consid]able /ream ( tepid wat] to ! l>g] lake1 b ?is wat] is less /rongly impregnat$ ) c>bonic acid2 ! l>ge/ lake is actually a saturat$ solution ( ?is gas1 :i* escapes f x 9 su* quantities 9 "s p>ts ( its surface t x has ! appe>ance ( be+ actually 9 ebullition4 ,i h f\nd by exp]im5t t ! wat] tak5 f ! mo/ tranquil "p ( ! lake1 ev5 aft] be+ agitat$ & expos$ to ! air1 conta9$ 9 solution m ?an its own volume ( c>bonic acid gas ) a v small quantity ( sulphurett$ hydrog51 to ! pres5ce ( :i*1 ,i conclude1 its anci5t use 9 cur+ cutane\s disord]s may be ref]r$4 ,its temp]ature1 ,i asc]ta9$1 0 9 ! w9t] 9 ! w>me/ p>ts above #hj degrees ( ,fahr5heit1 & x appe>s to be pretty con/ant1 = ,i h f\nd x diff] a few degrees only1 9 ! asc5d+ s\rce1 9 ,janu>y1 ,m>*1 ,may1 & ! beg9n+ ( ,june2 x is !re=e suppli$ ) heat f a subt]rane\s s\rce1 be+ ne>ly tw5ty degrees above ! mean temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e4 ,kir*] has detail$ 9 8 ,mundus ,subt]raneus v>i\s wond]s respect+ ?is lake1 mo/ ( :i* are unf\nd$1 su* z t x is unfa?omable1 t x has at ! bottom ! heat ( boil+ wat]1 & t float+ isl&s rise f ! gulf :i* emits x4 ,x mu/ c]ta9ly be v difficult1 or ev5 impossible1 to fa?om a s\rce :i* rises ) s mu* viol5ce f a subt]rane\s excavation1 &1 at a "t :5 *emi/ry _h made small progress1 x 0 easy to mi/ake ! dis5gagem5t ( c>bonic acid = an actual ebullition4 ,! float+ isl&s are real1 b nei!r ! ,jesuit nor any ( ! writ]s :o h s9ce describ$ ?is lake _h a correct idea ( _! orig91 :i* is exce$+ly curi\s4 ,! high temp]ature ( ?is wat]1 & ! quantity ( c>bonic acid t x conta9s1 r5d] x peculi>ly fitt$ to af=d a pabulum or n\ri%m5t to vegetable life4 ,! banks ( trav]t9e are ev]y:]e cov]$ ) re$s1 li*5s1 conf]vae1 & v>i\s k9ds ( aquatic vegetables1 &1 at ! same "t t ! process ( vegetable life is go+ on1 ! cry/allisations ( ! calc>e\s matt]1 :i* is ev]y:]e deposit$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! escape ( c>bonic acid1 likewise proce$1 giv+ a con/ant milk9ess to :at1 f its t9t1 w\ld o!rwise be a blue fluid4 ,s rapid is ! vegetation1 ow+ to ! decomposition ( ! c>bonic acid1 t1 ev5 9 w9t]1 masses ( conf]vae & li*5s1 mix$ ) deposit$ trav]t9e1 are con/antly deta*$ by ! curr5ts ( wat] f ! bank & float d[n ! /ream1 :i* be+ a consid]able riv] is nev] )\t _m ( ^! small isl&s on its surface2 !y are sometimes only a few in*es 9 size1 & compos$ m]ely ( d>k-gre5 conf]vae or purple or yell[ li*5s1 b !y are sometimes ev5 ( "s feet 9 diamet]1 & conta9 se$s & v>i\s species ( common wat]-plants1 :i* are usually m or less encru/$ ) m>ble4 ,!re is1 ,i believe1 no place 9 ! _w :]e !re is a m /rik+ example ( ! opposition or contra/ ( ! laws ( animate & inanimate ,nature1 ( ! =ces ( inorganic *emical aff9ity & ^? ( ! p[]s ( life4 ,vegetables 9 su* a temp]ature1 & ev]y:]e surr\nd$ by food1 are produc$ ) a wond]ful rapidity1 b ! cry/allisations are =m$ ) equal quickness1 & !y are no soon] produc$ ?an !y are de/roy$ toge!r4 ,not)/&+ ! sulphure\s exhalations f ! lake1 ! quantity ( vegetable matt] g5]at$ !re & its heat make x ! resort ( an inf9ite v>iety ( insect tribes1 & ev5 9 ! colde/ days 9 w9t] numb]s ( flies may be obs]v$ on ! vegetables surr\nd+ its banks or on its float+ isl&'s1 & a quantity ( _! l>vae may be se5 !re sometimes encru/$ & entirely de/roy$ by calc>e\s matt]1 :i* is likewise (t5 ! fate ( ! insects !mselves1 z well z ( v>i\s species ( %ell-fi% t are f\nd among/ ! vegetables1 :i* gr[ & are de/roy$ 9 ! trav]t9e on its banks4 ,snipes1 ducks1 & v>i\s wat]-birds1 (t5 visit ^? lakes1 probably attract$ by ! temp]ature & ! quantity ( food 9 :i* !y ab\nd2 b !y usually conf9e !mselves to ! banks1 z ! c>bonic acid dis5gag$ f ! surface w\ld be fatal to !m if !y v5tur$ to swim ^u x :5 tranquil4 ,9 ,may1 #ah--1 ,i fix$ a /ick on a mass ( trav]t9e cov]$ by ! wat]1 & ,i exam9$ x 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,april foll[+ = ! purpose ( det]m9+ ! nature ( ! depositions4 ,! wat] 0 l[] at ?is "t1 yet ,i _h "s difficulty1 by means ( a %>p-po9t$ hamm]1 9 break+ ! mass :i* adh]$ to ! bottom ( ! /ick2 x 0 sev]al in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,! upp] "p 0 a mixture ( light tufa & ! leaves ( conf]vae2 bel[ ?is 0 a d>k] & m solid trav]t9e1 conta9+ black & decompos$ masses ( conf]vae2 9 ! inf]ior "p ! trav]t9e 0 m solid & ( a grey col\r1 b ) cavities :i* ,i h no d\bt 7 produc$ by ! decomposition ( vegetable matt]4 ,i h pass$ _m h\rs1 ,i may say _m days1 9 /udy+ ! ph5om5a ( ?is wond]ful lake2 x has br\ght _m tra9s ( ?\ght into my m9d connect$ ) ! e>ly *anges ( our globe1 & ,i h sometimes reason$ f ! =ms ( plants & animals pres]v$ 9 m>ble 9 ?is w>m s\rce to ! gr&] depositions 9 ! second>y rocks1 :]e ! zoophytes or coral insects h work$ ^u a gr& scale1 & :]e palms1 & vegetables n[ unkn[n are pres]v$ ) ! rema9s ( crocodiles1 turtles1 & gigantic ext9ct animals ( ! sauri g5us1 & :i* appe> to h belong$ to a p]iod :5 ! :ole globe possess$ a mu* high] temp]ature4 ,i h1 likewise1 (t5 be5 l$1 f ! rem>kable ph5om5a surr\nd+ me 9 t spot1 to comp>e ! works ( man ) ^? ( ,nature4 ,! ba?s1 erect$ !re ne>ly tw5ty c5turies ago1 pres5t only heaps ( ru9s1 & ev5 ! bricks ( :i* !y 7 built1 ?\gh h>d5$ by fire1 are crumbl$ into du/1 :il/ ! masses ( trav]t9e ar\nd x1 ?\gh =m$ by a v>iable s\rce f ! mo/ p]i%able mat]ials1 h h>d5$ by "t1 & ! mo/ p]fect rema9s ( ! greate/ ru9s 9 ! et]nal city1 su* z ! triumphal ar*es & ! ,colosaeum1 owe _! duration to ?is s\rce4 ,!n1 f all we "k1 ?is lake1 except 9 "s *ange 9 its dim5sions1 cont9ues ne>ly 9 ! same /ate 9 :i* x 0 describ$ #a1gjj ye>s ago by ,pl9y1 & ,i h no d\bt conta9s ! same k9ds ( float+ isl&s1 ! same plants1 & ! same insects4 ,dur+ ! fifte5 ye>s t ,i h kn[n x x has appe>$ precisely id5tical 9 ^! respects1 & yet x has ! "* ( an accid5tal ph5om5on dep5d+ ^u subt]rane\s fire4 ,h[ m>vell\s !n are ^? laws by :i* ev5 ! humble/ types ( organic exi/5ce are pres]v$ ?\gh born amid/ ! s\rces ( _! de/ruction1 & by :i* a species ( immortality is giv5 to g5]ations float+1 z x 71 l evanesc5t bubbles1 on a /ream rais$ f ! deepe/ cav]ns ( ! e>?1 & in/antly los+ :at may be call$ its _s 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,^! la/ obs]vations ( ! /rang] recall$ to my recollection "s ph5om5a :i* ,i _h obs]v$ _m ye>s ago1 & ( :i* ,i c\ld !n give no satisfactory explanation4 ,i 0 %oot+ 9 ! m>%es :i* surr\nd ! ru9s ( ,gabia1 & :]e !re are /ill rema9s suppos$ to be ( ! ,alex&r9e aqu$uct2 ,i obs]v$ a small insulat$ hill1 app>5tly entirely compos$ ( trav]t9e1 & f its summit !re 7 =mations ( tufa :i* _h evid5tly be5 produc$ by runn+ wat]1 b ! :ole mass 0 n[ p]fectly dry & encru/$ by vegetables4 ,at fir/ ,i suspect$ t ?is little m\nta9 _h be5 =m$ by a jet ( calc>e\s wat]1 a k9d ( small f\nta9 analog\s to ! ,geis]1 :i* _h deposit$ trav]t9e & cont9u$ to rise ?r\gh ! bas9 fl[+ f a high] level2 b ! irregul> =m ( ! em95ce did n correspond to ?is idea1 & ,i rema9$ p]plex$ ) ! fact & unable to satisfy myself z to its cause4 ,! views ( ! /rang] appe>$ to me n[ to make x probable t ! calc>e\s wat] _h issu$ f anci5t leaks 9 ! aqu$uct & =m$ a hillock t _h encas$ ! bricks ( ! erection1 :i* 9 o!r p>ts1 :]e n encru/$ by trav]t9e1 _h become entirely decay$1 degrad$1 & remov$ f ! soil4 ,i m5tion$ ! circum/ance & my suspicion ( its nature4 ,! /rang] said3 ,y are p]fectly correct 9 y\r idea4 ,i "k ! spot well1 & if y _h n m5tion$ x ,i %\ld probably h quot$ x z an in/ance 9 :i* ! works ( art are pres]v$1 z x 71 by ! accid5ts ( ,nature4 ,i 0 s /ruck by ?is appe>ance la/ ye> t ,i _h ! trav]t9e p>tially remov$ by "s workm51 & ,i f\nd b5ea? x ! canal ( ! aqu$uct 9 a p]fect /ate1 & ! bricks ( ! ar*es z un9jur$ z if fre%ly laid4 ,! /rang] _h h>dly conclud$ ?is s5t5ce :5 he 0 int]rupt$ by ,onuphrio1 :o said1 ,i h always suppos$ t 9 e geological sy/em wat] is consid]$ z ! cause ( ! de/ruction or degradation ( ! surface1 b 9 all ! in/ances t y h m5tion$ x appe>s r z a cons]vative p[]1 n de/roy+ b r produc+4 ,x is ! g5]al vice ( philosophical sy/ems1 repli$ ! /rang]1 t !y are usually f\nd$ ^u a few facts1 :i* !y well expla91 & are ext5d$ by ! human fancy to all ! ph5om5a ( ,nature1 to _m ( :i* !y mu/ be contradictory4 ,! human intellectual p[]s are s feeble t !y c ) difficulty embrace a s+le s]ies ( ph5om5a1 & !y consequ5tly mu/ fail :5 ext5d$ to ! :ole ( ,nature4 ,wat] by its common op]ation1 z p\r$ d[n f ! atmosph]e 9 ra9 & torr5ts1 t5ds to level & degrade ! surface1 & c>ries ! mat]ial ( ! l& into ! bosom ( ! ocean4 ,fire1 on ! contr>y1 9 volcanic eruptions usually raises m\nta9s1 exalts ! surface1 & creates isl&s ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea4 ,b ^! laws are n inv>iable1 z ! in/ances to :i* we h j ref]r$ prove1 & p>ts ( ! surface ( ! globe are sometimes de/roy$ ev5 by fire1 ( :i* examples may be se5 9 ! ,phlegraean fields1 & isl&s rais$ by "o volcanic eruption h be5 imm]g$ 9 ! sea by ano!r4 ,!re are1 9 fact1 no accid5ts 9 ,nature2 :at we call accid5ts are ! results ( g5]al laws 9 p>ticul> op]ation1 b we _c d$uce ^! laws f ! p>ticul> op]ation or ! g5]al ord] f ! p>tial result4 ,ambrosio said to ! /rang]3 ,y appe>1 sir1 to h paid s mu* att5tion to physical ph5om5a t few ?+s w\ld give u m pleasure ?an to "k y\r op9ion respect+ ! e>ly *anges & physical hi/ory ( ! globe1 = ,i p]ceive y d n belong to ! mod]n geological s*ools4 ,! /rang] said1 ,i h c]ta9ly =m$ op9ions or r speculations on ^! subjects1 b ,i fe> !y are h>dly wor? communicat+2 !y h sometimes amus$ me 9 h\rs ( idl5ess1 b ,i d\bt if !y w amuse o!rs4 ,i said1 ,! obs]vations :i* y h already be5 s k9d z to communicate to u1 on ! =mation ( ! trav]t9e1 lead u n only to expect amusem5t b likewise in/ruction4 ,! ,/rang]4--,on ^! matt]s ,i _h facts to communicate2 on ! geological s*eme ( ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! globe !re are only analogies to guide u1 :i* diff]5t m9ds may apply & int]pret 9 diff]5t ways2 b ,i w n trifle ) a long prelim9>y disc\rse4 ,a/ronomical d$uctions & actual measures by triangulation prove t ! globe is an oblate sph]oid flatt5$ at ! poles1 & ?is =m we "k1 by /rict ma!matical demon/rations1 is precisely ! "o :i* a fluid body revolv+ r\nd its axis1 & become solid at its surface by ! sl[ dissipation ( its heat or o!r causes1 w\ld assume4 ,i suppose1 !re=e1 t ! globe1 9 ! fir/ /ate 9 :i* ! imag9ation c v5ture to consid] x1 0 a fluid mass ) an imm5se atmosph]e revolv+ 9 space r\nd ! sun1 & t by its cool+ a portion ( its atmosph]e 0 cond5s$ 9 wat] :i* occupi$ a "p ( ! surface4 ,9 ?is /ate no =ms ( life su* z n[ belong to our sy/em c\ld h inhabit$ x2 &1 ,i suppose1 ! cry/all9e rocks 7or1 z !y are call$ by geologi/s1 ! prim>y rocks71 :i* conta9 no ve/iges ( a =m] ord] ( ?+s1 7 ! results ( ! fir/ consolidation on its surface4 ,^u ! fur!r cool+ ! wat] :i* m or less _h cov]$ x contract$1 depositions took place1 %ell- fi% & coral insects ( ! fir/ creation began _! lab\rs1 & isl&s appe>$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! ocean rais$ f ! deep by ! productive en]gies ( millions ( zoophytes4 ,^? isl&s became cov]$ ) vegetables fitt$ to be> a high temp]ature1 su* z palms & v>i\s species ( plants simil> to ^? :i* n[ exi/ 9 ! hotte/ p>ts ( ! _w2 & ! subm>9e rocks or %ores ( ^! new =mations ( l& became cov]$ ) aquatic vegetables1 on :i* v>i\s species ( %ell-fi% & common fi%es f\nd _! n\ri%m5t4 ,! fluids ( ! globe 9 cool+ deposit$ a l>ge quantity ( ! mat]ials !y held 9 solution1 & ^! deposits agglut9at+ toge!r ! s&1 ! imm5se masses ( coral rocks1 & "s ( ! rema9s ( ! %ells & fi%es f\nd r\nd ! %ores ( ! primitive l&s1 produc$ ! fir/ ord] ( second>y rocks4 ,z ! temp]ature ( ! globe became l[]1 species ( ! ovip>\s reptiles 7 creat$ to inhabit x2 & ! turtle1 crocodile1 & v>i\s gigantic animals ( ! sauri k9d1 seem to h haunt$ ! bays & wat]s ( ! primitive l&s4 ,b 9 ?is /ate ( ?+s !re 0 no ord] ( ev5ts simil> to ! pres5t2 ! cru/ ( ! globe 0 exce$+ly sl5d]1 & ! s\rce ( fire a small di/ance f ! surface4 ,9 consequ5ce ( contraction 9 "o "p ( ! mass1 cavities 7 op5$1 :i* caus$ ! entrance ( wat]1 & imm5se volcanic explosions took place1 rais+ "o "p ( ! surface1 depress+ ano!r1 produc+ m\nta9s1 & caus+ new & ext5sive depositions f ! primitive ocean4 ,*anges ( ?is k9d mu/ h be5 extremely frequ5t 9 ! e>ly epo*as ( nature1 & ! only liv+ =ms ( :i* ! rema9s are f\nd 9 ! /rata t are ! monum5ts ( ^! *anges1 are ^? ( plants1 fi%es1 birds1 & ovip>\s reptiles1 :i* seem mo/ fitt$ to exi/ 9 su* a w> ( ! elem5ts4 ,:5 ^! revolutions became less frequ5t1 & ! globe became /ill m cool$1 & ! inequalities ( its temp]ature pres]v$ by ! m\nta9 *a9s1 m p]fect animals became its inhabitants1 _m ( :i*1 su* z ! mammo?1 megalonix1 mega!rium1 & gigantic hy5a1 are n[ ext9ct4 ,at ?is p]iod ! temp]ature ( ! ocean seems to h be5 n mu* high] ?an x is at pres5t1 & ! *anges produc$ by occasional eruptions ( x h left no consolidat$ rocks4 ,yet "o ( ^! eruptions appe>s to h be5 ( great ext5t & "s duration1 & seems to h be5 ! cause ( ^? imm5se quantities ( wat]-worn /ones1 gravel & s&1 :i* are usually call$ diluvian rema9s2 & x is probable t ?is effect 0 connect$ ) ! elevation ( a new cont95t 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e by volcanic fire4 ,:5 ! sy/em ( ?+s became s p]man5t t ! trem5d\s revolutions dep5d+ ^u ! de/ruction ( ! equilibrium betwe5 ! heat+ & cool+ ag5cies 7 no long] to be dread$1 ! creation ( man took place2 & s9ce t p]iod !re has be5 little alt]ation 9 ! physical circum/ances ( our globe4 ,volcanoes sometimes occasion ! rise ( new isl&s1 portions ( ! old cont95t are con/antly wa%$ by riv]s into ! sea2 b ^! *anges are too insignificant to affect ! de/9ies ( man1 or ! nature ( ! physical circum/ances ( ?+s4 ,on ! hypo!sis t ,i h adopt$1 h[ev]1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! pres5t surface ( ! globe is m]ely a ?9 cru/ surr\nd+ a nucleus ( fluid ignit$ matt]1 & consequ5tly we c h>dly be consid]$ z actually safe f ! dang] ( a cata/rophe by fire4 ,onuphrio said3 ,f ! view y h tak51 ,i conclude t y consid] volcanic eruptions z ow+ to ! c5tral fire2 inde$1 _! exi/5ce (f]s1 ,i ?9k1 an argum5t = believ+ t ! int]ior ( ! globe is fluid4 ,! /rang] answ]$3 ,i beg y to consid] ! views ,i h be5 develop+ z m]ely hypo!tical1 "o ( ! _m re/+ places t may be tak5 by ! imag9ation 9 consid]+ ?is subject4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 di/9ct facts 9 fav\r ( ! idea t ! int]ior ( ! globe has a high] temp]ature ?an ! surface2 ! heat increas+ 9 m9es ! deep] we p5etrate1 & ! numb] ( w>m s\rces :i* rise f great dep?s 9 almo/ all c\ntries1 are c]ta9ly fav\rable to ! idea4 ,! op9ion t volcanoes are ow+ to ?is g5]al & simple cause is1 ,i ?9k1 likewise m agreeable to ! analogies ( ?+s ?an to suppose !m dep5d5t ^u p>tial *emical *anges1 su* z ! action ( air & wat] ^u ! combu/ible bases ( ! e>?s & alkalies1 ?\gh x is extremely probable t ^! sub/ances may exi/ b5ea? ! surface1 & may occasion "s results ( volcanic fire2 & on ?is subject my notion may1 p]haps1 be m tru/$1 z = a long :ile ,i ?\ght volcanic eruptions 7 ow+ to *emical ag5cies ( ! newly discov]$ metals ( ! e>?s & alkalies1 & ,i made _m1 & "s dang]\s1 exp]im5ts 9 ! hope ( confirm+ ?is notion1 b 9 va94 ,amb4--,we are v mu* oblig$ to y = y\r geological illu/rations2 b !y rem9d me a little ( "s ( ! ideas ( our fri5d ,philale!s 9 8 rem>kable vision1 & ) :i* we may at "s "t amuse y 9 return = y\r geology %\ld we be hon\r$ ) m ( y\r company4 ,y are oblig$ to h rec\rse to creations = all ! liv+ be+s 9 y\r philosophical romance4 ,i d n see :y y %\ld n suppose creations or arrangem5ts ( dead matt] by ! same laws ( inf9ite wisdom1 & :y our globe %\ld n rise at once a div9e "w fitt$ = all ! objects ( liv+ & intellig5t natures4 ,! /rang] repli$3 ,i h m]ely attempt$ a philosophical hi/ory f\nd$ ^u ! facts kn[n respect+ rocks & /rata & ! rema9s !y conta94 ,i beg9 ) :at may be consid]$ a creation1 a fluid globe suppli$ ) an imm5se atmosph]e1 & ! s]ies ( ph5om5a :i* ,i imag9e consequ5t to ! creation1 ,i suppos$ produc$ by p[]s impress$ ^u matt] by ,omnipot5ce4 ,ambrosio said3 ,!re is ?is v]isimility 9 y\r hi/ory1 t x is n contradictory to ! little we are in=m$ by ,revelation z to ! orig9 ( ! globe1 ! ord] produc$ 9 ! *aotic /ate1 & ! succession ( liv+ =ms g5]at$ 9 ! days ( creation1 :i* may be :at philosoph]s call ! 'epo*as ( nature1' = a day ) ,omnipot5ce is z a ?\s& ye>s1 & a ?\s& ye>s z "o day4 ,i mu/ object1 ,onuphrio said1 to y\r int]pretation ( ! sci5tific view ( our new acqua9tance1 & to y\r disposition to bl5d !m ) ! cosmogony ( ,moses4 ,all[+ ! div9e orig9 ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 y mu/ admit t x 0 n int5d$ to tea* ! ,jews sy/ems ( philosophy1 b ! laws ( life & morals2 & a great man & an exalt$ ,*ri/ian rais$ 8 voice two c5turies ago aga9/ ?is mode ( apply+ & ( (t5 wre/+ ! s5se ( ! ,scriptures to make !m con=mable to human fancies2 'f :i*1' says ,"l ,bacon1 'arise n only false & fanta/ical philosophies1 b likewise h]etical religions4' ,if ! ,scriptures are to be lit]ally int]pret$ & sy/ems ( sci5ce f\nd 9 !m1 ,gallileo ,gallilei m]it$ 8 p]secution1 & we ought /ill to believe t ! sun turns r\nd ! e>?4 ,amb4--,y mi/ake my view1 ,onuphrio1 if y imag9e ,i am desir\s ( rais+ a sy/em ( geology on ! ,book ( ,g5esis4 ,x _c be d\bt$ t ! fir/ man 0 creat$ ) a great v>iety ( in/9ctive or inspir$ k1 :i* mu/ h be5 likewise enjoy$ by 8 desc5dants2 & "s ( ?is k c\ld h>dly fail to h relat$ to ! globe :i* he inhabit$1 & to ! objects :i* surr\nd$ him4 ,x w\ld h be5 impossible = ! human m9d to h embrac$ ! my/]ies ( creation1 or to h foll[$ ! hi/ory ( ! mov+ atoms f _! *aotic disord] into _! arrangem5t 9 ! visible univ]se1 to h se5 dead matt] assum+ ! =ms ( life & animation1 & light & p[] aris+ out ( dea? & sleep4 ,! ideas !re=e transmitt$ to or pres5t$ by ,moses respect+ ! orig9 ( ! _w & ( man 7 ( ! mo/ simple k9d1 & su* z suit$ ! e>ly /ate ( society2 b1 ?\gh g5]al & simple tru?s1 !y 7 div9e tru?s1 yet clo!d 9 a language & suit$ to ! ideas ( a rude & un9/ruct$ p4 ,&1 :5 ,i /ate my satisfaction 9 f9d+ t !y are n contradict$ by ! ref9$ rese>*es ( mod]n geologi/s1 ,i d n mean to d$uce f !m a sy/em ( sci5ce4 ,i believe t light 0 ! creation ( an act ( ! ,div9e w2 b ,i d n mean to say t ! words1 ,let !re be light1 & !re 0 light1 7 orally spok5 by ! ,deity1 nor d ,i mean to imply t ! mod]n discov]ies respect+ light are at all connect$ ) ?is sublime & magnific5t passage4 ,onu4--,hav+ resid$ = a long "t 9 ,ed9burgh1 & hav+ he>d a numb] ( discussions on ! !ory ( ,dr4 ,hutton1 or ! plutonic !ory ( geology1 & hav+ be5 exce$+ly /ruck bo? by its simplicity & beauty1 its h>mony ) exi/+ facts1 & ! pro(s af=d$ to x by "s beautiful *emical exp]im5ts1 ,i d n feel dispos$ imm$iately to r5\nce x = ! views :i* ,i h j he>d expla9$2 = ! pr9cipal facts :i* our new acqua9tance has /at$ are1 ,i ?9k1 n inconsi/5t ) ! ref9$ philosophical sy/ems ( ,pr(essor ,playfair & ,sir ,james ,hall4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i h no objection to ! ref9$ plutonic view1 z capable ( expla9+ _m exi/+ ph5om5a2 inde$1 y mu/ be aw>e t ,i h myself _h rec\rse to x4 ,:at ,i cont5d aga9/ is1 its application to expla9 ! =mations ( ! second>y rocks1 :i* ,i ?9k cle>ly belong to an ord] ( facts n at all embrac$ by x4 ,9 ! plutonic sy/em !re is "o simple & con/ant ord] assum$1 :i* may be suppos$ et]nal4 ,! surface is con/antly imag9$ to be dis9tegrat$1 de/roy$1 degrad$1 & wa%$ into ! bosom ( ! ocean by wat]1 & z con/antly consolidat$1 elevat$1 & reg5]at$ by fire1 & ! ru9s ( ! old =m ! f\ndations ( ! new _w4 ,x is suppos$ t !re are always ! same types1 bo? ( dead & liv+ matt]2 t ! rema9s ( rocks1 ( vegetables1 & animals ( "o age are f\nd emb$d$ 9 rocks rais$ f ! bottom ( ! ocean 9 ano!r4 ,n[1 to support ?is view1 n only ! rema9s ( liv+ be+s :i* at pres5t p ! globe might be expect$ to be f\nd 9 ! olde/ second>y /rata1 b ev5 ^? ( ! arts ( man1 ! mo/ p[]ful & popul\s ( its inhabitants1 :i* is well kn[n n to be ! case4 ,on ! contr>y1 ea* /ratum ( ! second>y rocks conta9s rema9s ( peculi> & mo/ly n[ unkn[n species ( vegetables & animals4 ,9 ^? /rata :i* are deepe/1 & :i* mu/ consequ5tly be suppos$ to be ! e>lie/ deposit$1 =ms ev5 ( vegetable life are r>e2 %ells & vegetable rema9s are f\nd 9 ! next ord]2 ! bones ( fi%es & ovip>\s reptiles exi/ 9 ! foll[+ class2 ! rema9s ( birds1 ) ^? ( ! same g5]a m5tion$ be=e1 9 ! next ord]2 ^? ( quadrup$s ( ext9ct species1 9 a /ill m rec5t class2 & x is only 9 ! loose & slightly consolidat$ /rata ( gravel & s&1 & :i* are usually call$ diluvian =mations1 t ! rema9s ( animals su* z n[ p ! globe are f\nd1 ) o!rs belong+ to ext9ct species4 ,b 9 none ( ^! =mations1 :e!r call$ second>y1 t]ti>y1 or diluvial1 h ! rema9s ( man or any ( 8 works be5 discov]$4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 impossible to consid] ! organic rema9s f\nd 9 any ( ! e>li] second>y /rata1 ! lias-lime/one & its cong5]\s =mations = in/ance1 )\t be+ conv9c$ t ! be+s1 ^: organs !y =m$1 belong$ to an ord] ( ?+s entirely diff]5t f ! pres5t4 ,gigantic vegetables1 m ne>ly alli$ to ! palms ( ! equatorial c\ntries ?an to any o!r plants1 c only be imag9$ to h liv$ 9 a v high temp]ature2 & ! imm5se reptiles1 ! megalosauri ) paddles in/ead ( legs & clo!d 9 mail1 9 size equal or ev5 sup]ior to ! :ale2 & ! great amphibia1 ple?iosauri1 ) bodies l turtles1 b furni%$ ) necks long] ?an _! bodies1 probably to enable !m to fe$ on vegetables gr[+ 9 ! %all[s ( ! primitive ocean1 seem to %[ a /ate 9 :i* l[ l&s or ext5sive %ores rose above an imm5se calm sea1 & :5 !re 7 no great m\nta91 *a9s to produce inequalities ( temp]ature1 tempe/s1 or /orms4 ,7 ! surface ( ! e>? n[ to be c>ri$ d[n into ! dep?s ( ! ocean1 or 7 "s great revolution ( ! wat]s to cov] ! exi/+ l&1 & x 0 aga9 to be elevat$ by fire1 cov]$ ) consolidat$ depositions ( s& or mud1 h[ entirely diff]5t w\ld x be 9 its *>act]s f any ( ! second>y /rata4 ,its great features w\ld und\bt$ly be ! works ( man--hewn /ones1 & /atues ( bronze & m>ble1 & tools ( iron--& human rema9s w\ld be m common ?an ^? ( animals on ! greate/ "p ( ! surface2 ! columns ( ,pae/um or ( ,agrig5tum1 or ! imm5se iron & granite bridges ( ! ,?ames1 w\ld (f] a /rik+ contra/ to ! bones ( ! crocodiles or sauri 9 ! old] rocks1 or ev5 to ^? ( ! mammo? or elephas primog5ius 9 ! diluvial /rata4 ,& :oev] dwells ^u ?is subject mu/ be conv9c$ t ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s1 & ! comp>atively rec5t exi/5ce ( man z ! ma/] ( ! globe1 is z c]ta9 z ! de/ruction ( a =m] & a diff]5t ord] & ! ext9ction ( a numb] ( liv+ =ms :i* h n[ no types 9 be+1 & :i* h left _! rema9s wond]ful monum5ts ( ! revolutions ( ,nature4 ,onu4--,i am n q conv9c$ by y\r argum5ts4 ,suppos+ ! l&s ( ,new ,holl& 7 to be wa%$ into ! dep?s ( ! ocean1 & to be rais$ accord+ to ! ,huttonian view1 z a second>y /ratum1 by subt]rane\s fire1 !y w\ld conta9 ! rema9s ( bo? vegetables & animals entirely diff]5t f any f\nd 9 ! /rata ( ! old cont95ts2 & may n ^? peculi> =mations to :i* y h ref]r$ be1 z x 71 accid5ts ( ,nature belong+ to peculi> p>ts ( ! globe8 ,& y speak ( a diluvian =mation1 :i* ,i conclude y w\ld id5tify ) t belong+ to ! cata/rophe describ$ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s1 9 :i* no human rema9s are f\nd4 ,n[1 y surely w n d5y t man exi/$ at ! "t ( ?is cata/rophe1 & he consequ5tly may h exi/$ at ! p]iod ( ! o!r revolutions1 :i* are suppos$ to be produc$ 9 ! ,huttonian views by subt]rane\s fire4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i h made use ( ! t]m diluvian1 because x has be5 adopt$ by geologi/s1 b )\t mean+ to id5tify ! cause ( ! =mations ) ! deluge describ$ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s4 ,i apply ! t]m m]ely to signify loose & wat]-worn /rata n at all consolidat$1 & deposit$ by an inundation ( wat]1 & 9 ^! c\ntries :i* !y h cov]$ man c]ta9ly did n exi/4 ,) respect to y\r argum5t d]iv$ f ,new ,holl&1 x appe>s to me to be )\t weight4 ,9 a v>iety ( climates1 & 9 v di/ant p>ts ( ! globe1 second>y /rata ( ! same ord] are f\nd1 & !y conta9 always ! same k9d ( organic rema9s1 :i* are entirely diff]5t f any ( ^? n[ af=d$ by be+s belong+ to ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s4 ,! cata/rophes :i* produc$ ! second>y /rata & diluvian depositions c\ld n h be5 local & p>tial ph5om5a1 b mu/ h ext5d$ ov] ! :ole1 or a great "p ( ! surface1 ( ! globe4 ,! rema9s ( simil> %ell-fi%es are f\nd 9 ! lime/ones ( ! old & new cont95ts2 ! tee? ( ! mammo? are n uncommon 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe2 entire skeletons h be5 f\nd 9 ,am]ica1 & ev5 ! sk9 cov]$ ) hair & ! entire body ( "o ( ^! enorm\s ext9ct animals has be5 discov]$ 9 ,sib]ia pres]v$ 9 a mass ( ice4 ,9 ! olde/ second>y /rata !re are no rema9s ( su* animals z n[ belong to ! surface2 & 9 ! rocks :i* may be reg>d$ z m rec5tly deposit$1 ^! rema9s occur b r>ely1 & ) abundance ( ext9ct species4 ,!re seems1 z x 71 a gradual approa* to ! pres5t sy/em ( ?+s1 & a succession ( de/ructions & creations prep>atory to ! exi/5ce ( man4 ,x w be useless to pu% ^! argum5ts f>!r4 ,y mu/ all[ t x is impossible to def5d ! proposition1 t ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s is ! anci5t & con/ant ord] ( ,nature1 only modifi$ by exi/+ laws1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! view :i* y h support$ mu/ be ab&on$4 ,! monum5ts ( ext9ct g5]ations ( animals are z p]fect z ^? ( ext9ct nations2 & x w\ld be m reasonable to suppose t ! pill>s & temples ( ,palmyra 7 rais$ by ! w&]+ ,arabs ( ! des]t1 ?an to imag9e t ! ve/iges ( peculi> animat$ =ms 9 ! /rata b5ea? ! surface belong$ to ! e>ly & infant families ( ! be+s t at pres5t inhabit x4 ,onu4--,i am conv9c$4 ,i %all pu% my argum5ts no fur!r1 = ,i w n support ! sophisms ( t s*ool :i* supposes t liv+ nature has und]gone gradual *anges by ! effects ( its irritabilities & appet5cies2 t ! fi% has 9 millions ( g5]ations rip5$ into ! quadrup$1 & ! quadrup$ into ! man2 & t ! sy/em ( life by its own inh]5t p[]s has fitt$ itself to ! physical *anges 9 ! sy/em ( ! univ]se4 ,to ?is absurd1 vague1 a!i/ical doctr9e1 ,i pref] ev5 ! dream ( pla/ic p[]s1 or t o!r m mod]n dream1 t ! second>y /rata 7 creat$1 fill$ ) rema9s1 z x 71 ( animal life1 to conf\nd ! speculations ( our geological reason]s4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i am glad y h n retreat$ into ! des]t & def5celess wild]ness ( scepticism1 or ( false & feeble philosophy4 ,i %\ld n h ?\ght x wor? my :ile to h foll[$ y !re2 ,i %\ld z soon ?9k ( argu+ ) ! peasant :o in=ms me t ! basaltic columns ( ,antrim or ( ,/affa 7 ! works ( human art & rais$ by ! giant ,f9mac\l4 ,at ?is mom5t1 "o ( our s]vants came to in=m me t a d9n] :i* _h be5 prep>+ = u at ! f>mh\se 0 ready2 we ask$ ! /rang] to d u ! hon\r to p>take ( our repa/2 he ass5t$1 & ! foll[+ conv]sation took place at table4 ,phil4--,9 reflect+ ^u our discussions ?is morn+1 ,i _c help be+ a little surpris$ at _! nature2 we h be5 talk+ only ( geological sy/ems1 :5 a m natural subject = our conv]sation w\ld h be5 ^! magnific5t temples1 & an inquiry into ! race by :om !y 7 rais$ & ! gods to :om !y wore d$icat$4 ,we are n[ tread+ on a spot :i* conta9s ! bones ( a highly civilis$ & p[]ful p2 yet we are almo/ ignorant ( ! names !y bore1 & ! p]iod ( _! greatness is lo/ 9 ! obscurity ( "t4 ,amb4--,!re c be no d\bt t ! e>ly inhabitants ( ?is city 7 ,grecians & a m>itime & comm]cial p2 !y h be5 suppos$ to belong to ! ,syb>ite race1 & ! roses produc+ fl[]s twice a ye> 9 ! spr+ & autumn 9 anci5t times "h1 might sanction ! idea t ?is balmy spot 0 *os5 by a colony :o c>ri$ luxury & ref9em5t to ! highe/ pit*4 ,onu4--,to attempt to =m any op9ion ) respect to ! p t anci5tly inhabit$ ^! n[ des]t$ pla9s is useless & a va9 lab\r4 ,9 ! geological conv]sation :i* took place be=e d9n]1 "s s]ies ( int]e/+ facts 7 pres5t$ to u2 & ! monum5ts ( ,nature1 ?\gh !y d n speak a di/9ct language1 yet speak an intelligible "o2 b ) respect to ,pae/um1 !re is nei!r hi/ory nor tradition to guide u2 & we %all d wisely to resume our philosophical inquiries1 if we h n already exhau/$ ! pati5ce ( our new gue/ by d\bts or objections to 8 views4 ,! ,/rang]4--,"o ( y ref]r$ 9 our conv]sation ?is morn+ to a vision1 :i* _h "s relation to ! subject ( our discussion1 & ,i 0 promis$ "s in=mation on ?is matt]4 ,i imm$iately gave a sket* ( my vision1 & ( ! op9ions :i* _h be5 express$ by ,ambrosio on ! e>ly hi/ory ( man1 & ! t]m9ation ( our discussions on religion4 ,! ,/rang]4--,i agree ) ,ambrosio 9 op9ion on ! subjects y h j m5tion$4 ,9 my y\?1 ,i 0 a sceptic2 & ?is ,i believe is usually ! case ) "y p]sons giv5 to g5]al & discursive read+1 & accu/om$ to adopt some?+ l a ma!matical =m 9 _! reason+s2 & x 0 9 consid]+ ! nature ( ! intellectual faculties ( brutes1 z comp>$ ) ^? ( man1 & 9 exam9+ ! nature ( in/9ctive p[]s1 t ,i became a believ]4 ,aft] ,i _h =m$ ! idea t ,revelation 0 to man 9 ! place ( an in/9ct1 my fai? con/antly became /rong]2 & x 0 exalt$ by _m circum/ances ,i _h occasion to witness 9 a j\rney t ,i made ?r\gh ,egypt & a "p ( ,asia ,m9or1 & by no "o m ?an by a v rem>kable dream :i* occurr$ to me 9 ,pale/9e1 & :i*1 z we are n[ almo/ at ! h\r ( ! sie/a1 ,i w relate to y1 ?\gh p]haps y w be asleep be=e ,i h f9i%$ x4 ,i 0 walk+ along t des]t$ %ore :i* conta9s ! ru9s ( ,ptolemais1 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t ports ( ,judaea4 ,x 0 ev5+2 ! sun 0 s9k+ 9 ! sea2 ,i seat$ myself on a rock1 lo/ 9 melan*oly contemplations on ! de/9ies ( a spot once s fam\s 9 ! hi/ory ( man4 ,! calm ,m$it]ranean1 bright 9 ! gl[+ light ( ! we/1 0 ! only object be=e me4 ,^! waves1 ,i said to myself1 once bore ! %ips ( ! mon>* ( ,j]usalem :i* 7 freight$ ) ! ri*es ( ! ,ea/ to adorn & hon\r ! sanctu>y ( ,jehovah2 "h are n[ no rema9s ( greatness or ( comm]ce2 a few r$ /ones & brok5 bricks only m>k :at might h be5 once a fl\ri%+ port1 & ! citadel above1 rais$ by ! ,s>ac5s1 is fill$ ) ,turki% soldi]s4 ,! janiss>y1 :o 0 my guide1 & my s]vant1 7 prep>+ "s food = me 9 a t5t :i* _h be5 rais$ = ! purpose1 & :il/ wait+ = _! summons to my repa/1 ,i cont9u$ my rev]ies1 :i* mu/ gradually h end$ 9 slumb]4 ,i saw a man approa*+ t[>ds me1 :om1 at fir/1 ,i took = my janiss>y1 b z he came ne>] ,i f\nd a v diff]5t figure4 ,he 0 a v old man ) a be>d z :ite z sn[2 8 c\nt5ance 0 d>k b pal] ?an t ( an ,arab1 & 8 features /]n1 wild1 & ) a peculi> savage expression2 8 =m 0 gigantic1 b 8 arms 7 )]$ & !re 0 a l>ge sc> on ! left side ( 8 face :i* seem$ to h depriv$ him ( an eye4 ,he wore a black turban & black fl[+ robes1 & !re 0 a l>ge *a9 r\nd 8 wai/ :i* clank$ z he mov$4 ,x occurr$ to me t he 0 "o ( ! santons or sacr$ madm5 s common 9 ! ,ea/1 & ,i retir$ z he approa*$ t[>ds me4 ,he call$ out3 ,fly n1 /rang]2 fe> me n1 ,i w n h>m y4 ,y %all he> my /ory1 x may be useful to y4 ,he spoke 9 ,arabic b 9 a peculi> dialect & to me new1 yet ,i und]/ood e ^w4 ,y see be=e y1 he said1 a man :o 0 educat$ a ,*ri/ian1 b :o r5\nc$ ! wor%ip ( ! "o supreme ,god = ! sup]/itions ( ! pagans4 ,i became an apo/ate 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,julian1 & ,i 0 employ$ by t ,sov]eign to sup]9t5d ! re-erection ( ! temple ( ,j]usalem1 by :i* x 0 int5d$ to belie ! prophecies & give ! dea?bl[ to ! holy religion4 ,hi/ory has in=m$ y ( ! result3 my assi/ants 7 mo/ ( !m de/roy$ 9 a trem5d\s /orm1 ,i 0 bla/$ by lightn+ f heav5 7he rais$ 8 )]$ h& to 8 face & eye71 b suff]$ to live & expiate my crime 9 ! fle%4 ,my life has be5 sp5t 9 con/ant & sev]e p5ance1 & 9 t suff]+ ( ! _s produc$ by guilt1 & is to be cont9u$ z long z any "p ( ! temple ( ,jupit]1 9 :i* ,i r5\nc$ my fai?1 rema9s 9 ?is place4 ,i h liv$ ?r\gh fifte5 t$i\s c5turies1 b ,i tru/ 9 ! m]cies ( ,omnipot5ce1 & ,i hope my atonem5t is complet$4 ,i n[ /& 9 ! du/ ( ! pagan temple4 ,y h j ?r[n ! la/ fragm5t ( x ov] ! rock4 ,my "t is arriv$1 ,i come6 ,z he spake ! la/ words1 he ru%$ t[>ds ! sea1 ?rew himself f ! rock & disappe>$4 ,i he>d no /ruggl+1 & saw no?+ b a gleam ( light f ! wave t clos$ above him4 ,i 0 n[ r\s$ by ! cries ( my s]vant & ( ! janiss>y1 :o 7 %ak+ my arm1 & :o in=m$ me t my sleep 0 s s\nd t !y 7 al>m$ = me4 ,:5 ,i look$ on ! sea1 !re 0 ! same light1 & ,i seem$ to see ! v spot 9 ! wave :]e ! old man _h sunk4 ,i 0 s /ruck by ! vision1 t ,i ask$ if !y _h n se5 some?+ da% into ! wave1 & if !y _h n he>d somebody speak+ to me z !y arriv$4 ,( c\rse _! answ]s 7 negative4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ,j]usalem & 9 coa/+ ! ,dead ,sea ,i _h be5 exce$+ly /ruck by ! pres5t /ate ( ,judaea & ! con=mity ( ! fate ( ! ,jewi% nation to ! pr$ictions ( our ,savi\r2 ,i _h likewise be5 read+ ,gibbon's eulogy ( ,julian1 & 8 acc\nt ( ! attempts made by t ,emp]or to rebuild ! temple3 s t ! dream at su* a "t & 9 su* a place 0 n an unnatural occurr5ce4 ,yet x 0 s vivid1 & ! image ( ! subject ( x s peculi>1 t x long affect$ my imag9ation1 & :5ev] ,i recurr$ to x1 /r5g!n$ my fai?4 ,onu4--,i believe all ! n>ratives ( app>itions & gho/ /ories are f\nd$ ^u dreams ( ! same k9d z t :i* occurr$ to y3 an ideal repres5tation ( ev5ts 9 ! local situation1 9 :i* ! p]son is at ! mom5t1 & :5 ! imag9>y picture ( ! place 9 sleep exactly co9cides ) its reality 9 wak+4 ,! ,/rang]4--,i agree ) y 9 y\r op9ion4 ,if my s]vant _h n be5 ) me1 & my dream _h be5 a little less improbable1 x w\ld h be5 difficult to h p]suad$ me t ,i _h n be5 visit$ by an app>ition4 ,i m5tion$ ! dream ( ,brutus1 & said1 ,8 suppos$ evil g5ius appe>$ 9 8 t5t2 _h ! philosophical h]o dreamt t 8 g5ius _h appe>$ to him 9 ,rome1 !re c\ld h be5 no delusion4 ,i cit$ ! simil> vision1 record$ ( ,dion be=e 8 dea?1 by ,plut>*1 ( a gigantic female1 "o ( ! fates or furies1 :o 0 suppos$ to h be5 se5 by him :5 repos+ 9 ! portico ( 8 palace4 ,i ref]r$ likewise to my own vision ( ! beautiful female1 ! gu>dian angel ( my recov]y1 :o always seem$ to me to be pres5t at my b$side4 ,amb4--,9 confirmation ( ?is op9ion ( ,onuphrio1 ,i c m5tion _m in/ances4 ,i once dreamt t my door _h be5 =c$1 t !re 7 robb]s 9 my room1 & t "o ( !m 0 actually putt+ 8 h& be=e my m\? to asc]ta9 if ,i 0 sleep+ naturally4 ,i awoke at ?is mom5t1 & 0 "s m9utes be=e ,i c\ld be sure :e!r x 0 a dream or a reality4 ,i felt ! pressure ( ! b$clo!s on my lips1 & /ill 9 ! fe> ( be+ murd]$ cont9u$ to keep my eyes clos$ & to brea! sl[ly1 till1 he>+ no?+ & f9d+ no motion1 ,i v5tur$ to op5 my eyes2 b ev5 !n1 :5 ,i saw no?+1 ,i 0 n sure t my impression 0 a dream till ,i _h ris5 f my b$ & asc]ta9$ t ! door 0 /ill lock$4 ,onu4--,i am ! only "o ( ! p>ty unable to record any dreams ( ! vivid & peculi> nature y m5tion f my own exp]i5ce2 ,i conclude x is ow+ to ! dulness ( my imag9ation4 ,i suppose ! m int5se p[] ( rev]ie is a symptom ( ! poetical temp]am5t2 & p]haps1 if ,i possess$ m en?usiasm1 ,i %\ld always h possess$ m ( ! religi\s in/9ct4 ,to adopt ! idea ( ,philale!s ( h]$it>y "*1 ,i fe> my =efa!rs h n be5 correct 9 _! fai?4 ,amb4--,y\r glory w be great] 9 e/abli%+ a new "*1 & ,i tru/ ev5 ! conv]sation ( ?is day has giv5 y an additional reason to adopt our fai?4 ,ambrosio spoke ^! words ) an e>ne/ness unusual 9 him1 & ) some?+ ( a tone :i* m>k$ a zeal = proselytism1 & at ! same "t he ca/ 8 eyes on ! ros>y :i* 0 susp5d$ r\nd ! neck ( ! /rang]1 & said1 ,i hope ,i am n indiscreet 9 say+ our fai?4 ,! ,/rang]4--,i 0 educat$ 9 ! ritual ( ! *ur* ( ,engl&2 ,i belong to ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/2 ! ros>y :i* y see susp5d$ r\nd my neck is a memorial ( sympa?y & respect = an illu/ri\s man4 ,i w1 if y w all[ me1 give y ! hi/ory ( x1 :i*1 ,i ?9k f ! circum/ances ) :i* x is connect$1 y w n f9d devoid ( int]e/4 ,i 0 pass+ ?r\gh ,france 9 ! reign ( ,napoleon1 by ! peculi> privilege grant$ to a scavan1 on my road into ,italy4 ,i _h j return$ f ! ,holy ,l&1 & _h 9 my possession two or ?ree ( ! ros>ies :i* are sold to pilgrims at ,j]usalem z hav+ be5 susp5d$ 9 ! ,holy ,sepul*re4 ,pius ,,vii4 0 !n 9 imprisonm5t at ,fonta9ebleau4 ,by a special fav\r1 on ! plea ( my return f ! ,holy ,l&1 ,i obta9$ p]mission to see ?is v5]able & illu/ri\s ,pontiff4 ,i c>ri$ ) me "o ( my ros>ies4 ,he receiv$ me ) great k9dness4 ,i t5d]$ my s]vices to execute any commissions1 n political ones1 he might ?9k fit to entru/ me ) 9 ,italy1 in=m+ him t ,i 0 an ,engli%man4 ,he express$ 8 ?anks1 b decl9$ tr\bl+ me4 ,i told him ,i 0 j return$ f ! ,holy ,l&1 & b[+ ) great humility1 (f]$ to him my ros>y f ! ,holy ,sepul*re4 ,he receiv$ x ) a smile1 t\*$ x ) 8 lips1 gave 8 b5$iction ov] x1 & return$ x into my h&s1 suppos+1 ( c\rse1 t ,i 0 a ,roman ,ca?olic4 ,i _h meant to pres5t x to 8 ,hol9ess1 b ! bless+ he _h be/[$ ^u x & ! t\* ( 8 lips1 made x a preci\s relic to me & ,i re/or$ x to my neck1 r\nd :i* x has ev] s9ce be5 susp5d$4 ,he ask$ me "s unimportant que/ions respect+ ! /ate ( ! ,*ri/ians at ,j]usalem2 & on a sudd51 turn$ ! subject1 mu* to my surprise1 to ! de/ruction ( ! ,fr5* 9 ,russia1 & 9 an exce$+ly l[ tone ( voice1 z if afraid ( be+ ov]he>d1 he said1 ,! nefas has long be5 triumphant ov] ! fas1 b ,i d n d\bt t ! balance ( ?+s is ev5 n[ re/or+2 t ,god w v9dicate 8 ,*ur*1 cle> 8 pollut$ alt>s1 & e/abli% society ^u its p]man5t basis ( ju/ice & fai?4 ,we %all meet aga94 ,adieu6 & he gave me 8 pat]nal bless+4 ,x 0 eighte5 mon?s aft] ?is int]view1 t ,i w5t out ) almo/ ! :ole population ( ,rome1 to receive & welcome ! triumphal entry ( ?is illu/ri\s fa!r ( ! ,*ur* into 8 capital4 ,he 0 borne on ! %\ld]s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ arti/s1 head$ by ,canova2 & nev] %all ,i =get ! en?usiasm ) :i* he 0 receiv$--x is impossible to describe ! %\ts ( triumph & ( rapture s5t up to heav5 by e voice4 ,& :5 he gave 8 b5$iction to ! p1 !re 0 an univ]sal pro/ration1 a sobb+ & m>ks ( emotions ( joy almo/ l ! bur/+ ( ! he>t4 ,i he>d1 ev]y:]e ar\nd me1 cries ( ,! holy ,fa!r6 ,! mo/ holy ,fa!r6 ,8 re/oration is ! "w ( ,god6 ,i saw te>s /ream+ f ! eyes ( almo/ all ! wom5 ab\t me1 _m ( !m 7 sobb+ hy/]ically1 & old m5 7 weep+ z if !y _h be5 *ildr54 ,i press$ my ros>y to my brea/ on ?is occasion1 & repeat$ly t\*$ ) my lips t "p ( x :i* _h receiv$ ! kiss ( ! mo/ v5]able ,pontiff4 ,i pres]ve x ) a k9d ( hall[$ feel+1 z ! memorial ( a man ^: sanctity1 firmness1 meekness & b5evol5ce are an hon\r to 8 ,*ur* & to human nature2 & x has n only be5 useful to me1 by its influ5ce ^u my own m9d1 b x has enabl$ me to give pleasure to o!rs1 & has1 ,i believe1 be5 sometimes b5eficial 9 insur+ my p]sonal safety4 ,i h (t5 gratifi$ ! peasants ( ,apulia & ,calabria by pres5t+ !m to kiss a ros>y f ! ,holy ,sepul*re :i* _h be5 hall[$ by ! t\* ( ! lips & b5$iction ( ! ,pope2 & x has be5 ev5 respect$ by & procur$ me a safe passage ?r\gh a p>ty ( brig&s :o once /opp$ me 9 ! passes ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,onu4--,! use y h made ( ?is relic puts me 9 m9d ( a device ( a v +5i\s geological philosoph] n[ liv+4 ,he 0 on ,etna & busily employ$ 9 mak+ a collection ( ! lavas =m$ f ! igne\s curr5ts ( t m\nta92 ! peasants 7 (t5 tr\blesome to him1 suspect+ t he 0 se>*+ = treasures4 ,x occurr$ to him to make ! foll[+ spee* to !m3 ,i h be5 a great s9n] 9 my y\? &1 z a p5ance1 ,i h made a v[ to c>ry away ) me pieces ( e k9d ( /one f\nd ^u ! m\nta92 p]mit me quietly to p]=m my pi\s duty1 t ,i may receive absolution = my s9s4 ,! spee* produc$ ! desir$ effect2 ! peasants %\t$1 ,! holy man6 ,! sa9t6 & gave him e assi/ance 9 _! p[] to enable him to c>ry (f 8 bur!n1 & he made 8 ample collections ) ! utmo/ security & 9 ! mo/ agreeable mann]4 ,! ,/rang]4--,i d n approve ( pi\s frauds ev5 = philosophical purposes2 my ros>y excit$ 9 o!rs ! same k9d ( feel+ :i* x excit$ 9 my own bosom1 & :i* ,i hold to be p]fectly ju/ifiable1 & ( :i* ,i %all nev] be a%am$4 ,amb4--,y mu/ h travell$ 9 ,italy 9 v dang]\s times2 h y always be5 secure8 ,! ,/rang]4--,always2 ,i h ow$ my security1 p>tly1 z ,i h said1 to my ros>y1 b m to my dress & my acqua9tance ) ! dialect ( ! natives4 ,i h always c>ri$ ) me a peasant z a guide1 :o has be5 intru/$ ) ! small sums ( money ,i want$ = my imm$iate purposes1 & my baggage has be5 little m ?an a ,cynic philosoph] w\ld h c>ri$ ) him2 & :5 ,i h be5 unable to walk1 ,i h tru/$ myself to ! conduct ( a vettur9o1 a native ( ! prov9ce1 ) 8 s+le mule & c>atella4 ,! sun 0 n[ sett+ & ! temple ( ,neptune 0 gl[+ ) its la/ purple rays4 ,we 7 in=m$ t our horses 7 wait+1 & t x 0 "t = u to dep>t to our lodg+s at ,eboli4 ,i ask$ ! /rang] to be our companion & to d u ! hon\r to accept ( a seat 9 our c>riage4 ,he decl9$ ! invitation1 & said3 ,my b$ is prep>$ 9 ! cas9a "h = ?is night1 & to-morr[ ,i proce$ on a j\rney connect$ ) sci5tific objects 9 ! p>ts ( ,calabria ! sc5e ( ! t]rible e>?quakes ( #aghc4 ,i held out my h& to him 9 p>t+2 he gave x a /rong & w>m pressure1 & said1 ,adieu6 we %all meet aga94 ,,dialogue ,,! ,,f\r?4 ,,! ,,proteus1 ,,or ,,immortality4 ,! impression made ^u my m9d by ! /rang] ) :om we became acqua9t$ at ,pae/um 0 ( ! /ronge/ & mo/ extraord9>y k9d4 ,! memory ( 8 p]son1 8 dress1 8 mann]s1 ! acc5ts ( 8 voice1 & ! tone ( 8 philosophy1 = a long :ile haunt$ my imag9ation 9 a mo/ unacc\ntable mann]1 & ev5 =m$ a "p ( my dreams4 ,x (t5 occurr$ to me t ?is 0 n ! fir/ "t t ,i _h se5 him2 & ,i endeav\r$1 b 9 va91 to f9d "s type or image ( him 9 =m] sc5es ( my life4 ,i cont9ually made inquiries respect+ him among/ my acqua9tance1 b ,i c\ld nev] be sure t any ( !m knew him1 or ev5 _h se5 him4 ,s great 7 8 peculi>ities1 t he mu/ h escap$ obs]vation altoge!r2 =1 _h he ent]$ ! _w at all1 he mu/ h made "s noise 9 x4 ,i express$ s mu* int]e/ on ?is subject1 t at la/ x became a s\rce ( ridicule among/ my acqua9tance1 :o (t5 ask$ me if ,i _h n yet obta9$ news ( my _s-fri5d or gho/-se]4 ,aft] my return f ,naples to ,rome1 ,i 0 almo/ imm$iately recall$ to ,engl& by a melan*oly ev5t--! dea? ( a v ne> & de> relation--& ,i left my two fri5ds1 ,ambrosio & ,onuphrio1 to pursue _! travels1 :i* 7 int5d$ to be ( "s ext5t & duration4 ,9 my y\?1 & ?r\gh ! prime ( manhood1 ,i nev] ent]$ ,london )\t feel+s ( pleasure & hope4 ,x 0 to me z ! gr& !atre ( intellectual activity1 ! field ( e species ( ent]prise & ex]tion1 ! metropolis ( ! _w ( bus9ess1 ?\ght1 & action4 ,!re ,i 0 sure to f9d ! fri5ds & companions ( my y\?1 to he> ! voice ( enc\ragem5t & praise4 ,!re1 society ( ! mo/ ref9$ k9d (f]$ daily its banquets to ! m9d ) su* v>iety t satiety _h no place 9 !m1 & new objects ( int]e/ & ambition 7 con/antly excit+ att5tion ei!r 9 politics1 lit]ature1 or sci5ce4 ,i n[ ent]$ ?is great city 9 a v diff]5t tone ( m9d--"o ( settl$ melan*oly2 n m]ely produc$ by ! m\rnful ev5t :i* recall$ me to my c\ntry1 b ow+1 likewise1 to an entire *ange 9 ! condition ( my physical1 moral1 & intellectual be+4 ,my heal? 0 gone1 my ambition 0 satisfi$1 ,i 0 no long] excit$ by ! desire ( di/9ction2 :at ,i reg>d$ mo/ t5d]ly 0 9 ! grave1 &1 to take a metaphor d]iv$ f ! *ange produc$ by "t 9 ! juice ( ! grape1 my cup ( life 0 no long] sp>kl+1 sweet1 & eff]vesc5t2--x _h lo/ its sweetness )\t los+ its p[]1 & x _h become bitt]4 ,aft] pass+ a few mon?s 9 ,engl& & enjoy+ 7z mu* z ,i c\ld enjoy any?+7 ! society ( ! few fri5ds :o /ill rema9$ alive1 ! desire ( travel aga9 seiz$ me4 ,i _h pres]v$ amid/ ! wreck ( "t "o feel+ /rong & unbrok53 ! love ( natural sc5]y2 & ?is1 9 advanc$ life1 =m$ a pr9cipal motive = my plans ( conduct & action4 ,( all ! climates ( ,europe1 ,engl& seems to me mo/ fitt$ = ! activity ( ! m9d1 & ! lea/ suit$ to repose4 ,! alt]ations ( a climate s v>i\s & rapid cont9ually awake new s5sations2 & ! *anges 9 ! sky f dryness to moi/ure1 f ! blue e!real to cl\d9ess & fogs1 seem to keep ! n]v\s sy/em 9 a con/ant /ate ( di/urbance4 ,9 ! mild climate ( ,nice1 ,naples1 or ,sicily1 :]e ev5 9 w9t] x is possible to enjoy ! w>m? ( ! sun%9e 9 ! op5 air1 b5ea? palm trees or amid/ ev]gre5 groves ( orange trees cov]$ ) odor\s fruit & sweet-sc5t$ leaves1 m]e exi/5ce is a pleasure1 & ev5 ! pa9s ( disease are sometimes =gott5 amid/ ! balmy influ5ce ( nature1 & a s]ies ( agreeable & un9t]rupt$ s5sations invite to repose & oblivion4 ,b 9 ! *angeful & tumultu\s atmosph]e ( ,engl&1 to be tranquil is a lab\r1 & employm5t is necess>y to w>d (f ! attacks ( ennui4 ,! ,engli% z a nation is pre-em95tly active1 & ! natives ( no o!r c\ntry foll[ _! objects ) s mu* =ce1 fire1 & con/ancy4 ,&1 z human p[]s are limit$1 !re are few examples ( v di/+ui%$ m5 liv+ 9 ?is c\ntry to old age3 !y usually fail1 droop1 & die be=e !y h atta9$ ! p]iod naturally m>k$ = ! end ( human exi/5ce4 ,! lives ( our /atesm51 w>riors1 poets1 & ev5 philosoph]s (f] abundant pro(s ( ! tru? ( ?is op9ion2 :atev] burns1 consumes--a%es rema94 ,be=e ! p]iod ( y\? is pass$1 grey hairs usually cov] ^? br[s :i* are adorn$ ) ! civic oak or ! laurel2 & 9 ! luxuri\s & excit+ life ( ! man ( pleasure1 _! t9ts are n ev5 pres]v$ by ! myrtle wrea? or ! g>l& ( roses f ! premature w9t] ( "t4 ,9 select+ ! sc5es = my new j\rney ,i 0 guid$ by my =m] exp]i5ce4 ,i "k no c\ntry m beautiful ?an t :i* may be call$ ! ,alp9e c\ntry ( ,au/ria1 includ+ ! ,alps ( ! s\!rn ,tyrol1 ^? ( ,illyria1 ! ,noric & ! ,julian ,alps1 & ! ,alps ( ,/yria & ,salzburg4 ,! v>iety ( ! sc5]y1 ! v]dure ( ! mead[s & trees1 ! dep?s ( ! valleys1 ! altitude ( ! m\nta9s1 ! cle>ness & gr&eur ( ! riv]s & lakes give x1 ,i ?9k1 a decid$ sup]iority ov] ,switz]l&2 & ! p are f> m agreeable4 ,v>i\s 9 _! co/umes & mann]s1 ,illyrians1 ,italians1 or ,g]mans1 !y h all ! same simplicity ( "*1 & are all di/+ui%$ by _! love ( _! c\ntry1 _! devotion to _! sov]eign1 ! w>m? & purity ( _! fai?1 _! hone/y1 & 7) v few exceptions7 ,i may say _! great civility & c\rtesy to /rang]s4 ,9 ! prime ( life ,i _h visit$ ?is region 9 a society :i* af=d$ me ! pleasures ( intellectual fri5d%ip & ! delights ( ref9$ affection2 lat] ,i _h left ! burn+ summ] ( ,italy & ! viol5ce ( an unheal?y passion1 & _h f\nd coolness1 %ade1 repose1 & tranquillity !re2 9 a /ill m advanc$ p]iod ,i _h s\ght = & f\nd consolation1 & p>tly recov]$ my heal? aft] a dang]\s illness1 ! consequ5ce ( lab\r & m5tal agitation2 !re ,i _h f\nd ! _s ( my e>ly vision4 ,i 0 desir\s1 !re=e1 ( aga9 pass+ "s "t 9 ^! sc5es 9 ! hope ( re-e/abli%+ a brok5 con/itution2 & ?\gh ?is hope 0 a feeble "o1 yet at lea/ ,i expect$ to sp5d a few ( ! la/ days ( life m tranquilly & m agreeably ?an 9 ! metropolis ( my own c\ntry4 ,nature nev] deceives u4 ,! rocks1 ! m\nta9s1 ! /reams always speak ! same language4 ,a %[] ( sn[ may hide ! v]dant woods 9 spr+1 a ?und]/orm may r5d] ! blue limpid /reams f\l & turbul5t2 b ^! effects are r>e & transi5t3 9 a few h\rs or at lea/ days all ! s\rces ( beauty are r5ovat$4 ,& ,nature af=ds no cont9u$ tra9s ( mis=tunes & mis]ies1 su* z dep5d ^u ! con/itution ( humanity2 no hopes = ev] blight$ 9 ! bud2 no be+s full ( life1 beauty1 & promise tak5 f u 9 ! prime ( y\?4 ,h] fruits are all balmy1 bright1 & sweet2 %e af=ds none ( ^? blight$ ones s common 9 ! life ( man & s l ! fabl$ apples ( ! ,dead ,sea--fre% & beautiful to ! sight1 b :5 ta/$ full ( bitt]ness & a%es4 ,i h already m5tion$ ! /rong effect produc$ on my m9d by ! /rang] :om ,i _h met s accid5tally at ,pae/um2 ! hope ( see+ him aga9 0 ano!r ( my motives = wi%+ to leave ,engl&1 & 7:y1 ,i "k n7 ,i _h a decid$ pres5tim5t t ,i 0 m likely to meet him 9 ! ,au/rian /ates ?an 9 ,engl&1 8 own c\ntry4 ,= ?is j\rney ,i _h "o companion1 an e>ly fri5d & m$ical advis]4 ,he _h liv$ mu* 9 ! _w1 _h acquir$ a consid]able =tune1 _h giv5 up 8 pr(ession1 0 n[ retir$1 & s\ght1 l myself1 9 ?is j\rney repose ( m9d & ! pleasures d]iv$ f natural sc5]y4 ,he 0 a man ( a v p[]ful & acute und]/&+1 b _h less ( ! poetical temp]am5t ?an any p]son :om ,i _h ev] kn[n ) simil> vivacity ( m9d4 ,he 0 a sev]e ?9k]1 ) great v>iety ( in=mation1 an excell5t physiologi/1 & an accompli%$ naturali/4 ,9 8 reason+s he adopt$ ! precision ( a geomet]1 & 0 always ^u 8 gu>d aga9/ ! influ5ce ( imag9ation4 ,he _h pass$ ! m]idian ( life1 & 8 heal? 0 weak1 l my own1 s t we 7 well suit$ z travell+ companions1 mov+ always sl[ly f place to place )\t hurry or fatigue4 ,i %all call ?is fri5d ,euba!s4 ,i w say no?+ ( ! progress ( our j\rney ?r\gh ,france & ,g]many2 ,i %all dwell only ^u t "p ( x :i* has /ill a /rong int]e/ = me1 & :]e ev5ts occurr$ t ,i %all nev] =get4 ,we pass$ into ! ,alp9e c\ntry ( ,au/ria by ,l9tz1 on ! ,danube1 & foll[$ ! c\rse ( ! ,traun to ,gmund51 on ! ,traun ,see or lake ( ! ,traun1 :]e we halt$ = "s days4 ,if ,i 7 dispos$ to indulge 9 m9ute picturesque descriptions ,i might occupy h\rs ) details ( ! v>i\s *>act]s ( ! en*ant+ sc5]y 9 ?is neighb\rhood4 ,! vales h t pa/oral beauty & con/ant v]dure :i* is s famili> to u 9 ,engl&1 ) simil> enclosures & h$ge-r[s & fruit & =e/ trees4 ,above are noble hills plant$ ) bee*es & oaks4 ,m\nta9s b\nd ! view1 "h cov]$ ) p9es & l>*es1 !re rais+ _! m>ble cre/s capp$ ) et]nal sn[s above ! cl\ds4 ,! l[] "p ( ! ,traun ,see is always1 ev5 9 ! mo/ ra9y season1 p]fectly pellucid2 & ! ,traun p\rs out ( x ov] l$ges ( rocks a l>ge & magnific5t riv]1 beautifully cle> & ( ! pure/ t9t ( ! b]yl4 ,! fall ( ! ,traun1 ab\t t5 miles bel[ ,gmund51 0 "o ( our fav\rite haunts4 ,x is a cat>act :i*1 :5 ! riv] is full1 may be almo/ comp>$ to t ( ,s*affhaus5 = magnitude1 & possesses ! same peculi> *>act]s ( gr&eur 9 ! precipit\s ru% ( its awful & ov]p[]+ wat]s1 & ( beauty 9 ! t9ts ( its /reams & foam1 & 9 ! =ms ( ! rocks ov] :i* x falls1 & ! cliffs & woods by :i* x is ov]hung4 ,9 ?is spot an accid5t1 :i* _h ne>ly be5 fatal to me1 occasion$ ! r5ewal ( my acqua9tance 9 an extraord9>y mann] ) ! my/]i\s unkn[n /rang]4 ,euba!s1 :o 0 v fond ( fly-fi%+1 0 amus+ himself by cat*+ grayl+s = our d9n] 9 ! /ream above ! fall4 ,i took "o ( ! boats :i* are us$ = desc5d+ ! canal or lock artificially cut 9 ! rock by ! side ( ! fall1 on :i* salt & wood are usually transport$ f ,upp] ,au/ria to ! ,danube2 & ,i desir$ two ( ! peasants to assi/ my s]vant 9 p]mitt+ ! boat to desc5d by a rope to ! level ( ! riv] bel[4 ,my int5tion 0 to amuse myself by ?is rapid species ( locomotion along ! desc5d+ sluice4 ,= "s mom5ts ! boat glid$ g5tly along ! smoo? curr5t1 & ,i enjoy$ ! beauty ( ! mov+ sc5e ar\nd me1 & _h my eye fix$ ^u ! bright ra9b[ se5 ^u ! spray ( ! cat>act above my head2 :5 ,i 0 sudd5ly r\s$ by a %\t ( al>m f my s]vant1 &1 look+ r\nd1 ,i saw t ! piece ( wood to :i* ! rope _h be5 atta*$ _h giv5 way1 & ! boat 0 float+ d[n ! riv] at ! m]cy ( ! /ream4 ,i 0 n at fir/ al>m$1 = ,i saw t my assi/ants 7 procur+ long poles ) :i* x appe>$ easy to arre/ ! boat be=e x ent]$ ! rapidly desc5d+ wat] ( ! sluice1 & ,i call$ out to !m to use _! unit$ =ce to rea* ! longe/ pole across ! wat] t ,i might be able to cat* ! end ( x 9 my h&4 ,& at ?is mom5t ,i felt p]fect security2 b a breeze ( w9d sudd5ly came d[n ! valley & blew f ! ne>e/ bank1 ! boat 0 turn$ by x out ( ! side curr5t & ?r[n ne>] to ! middle ( ! riv]1 & ,i soon saw t ,i 0 likely to be precipitat$ ov] ! cat>act4 ,my s]vant & ! boatm5 ru%$ into ! wat]1 b x 0 too deep to enable !m to rea* ! boat2 ,i 0 soon 9 ! :ite wat] ( ! desc5d+ /ream1 & my dang] 0 inevitable4 ,i _h pres5ce ( m9d en\gh to consid] :e!r my *ance ( safety w\ld be great] by ?r[+ myself out ( ! boat or by rema9+ 9 x1 & ,i pref]r$ ! latt] exp$i5t4 ,i look$ f ! ra9b[ ^u ! bright sun above my head1 z if tak+ leave = ev] ( t glori\s lum9>y2 ,i rais$ "o pi\s aspiration to ! div9e s\rce ( light & life2 ,i 0 imm$iately /unn$ by ! ?und] ( ! fall1 & my eyes 7 clos$ 9 d>kness4 ,h[ long ,i rema9$ ins5sible ,i "k n4 ,my fir/ recollections aft] ?is accid5t 7 ( a bright light %9+ above me1 ( w>m? & pressure 9 diff]5t p>ts ( my body1 & ( ! noise ( ! ru%+ cat>act s\nd+ 9 my e>s4 ,i seem$ awak5$ by ! light f a s\nd sleep1 & endeav\r$ to recall my scatt]$ ?\ghts1 b 9 va92 ,i soon fell aga9 into slumb]4 ,f ?is second sleep ,i 0 awak5$ by a voice :i* seem$ n altoge!r unkn[n to me1 & look+ upw>ds ,i saw ! bright eye & noble c\nt5ance ( ! ,unkn[n ,/rang] :om ,i _h met at ,pae/um4 ,i fa9tly articulat$3 ,i am 9 ano!r _w4 ,no1 said ! /rang]1 y are safe 9 ?is2 y are a little bruis$ by y\r fall1 b y w soon be well2 be tranquil & compose y\rself4 ,y\r fri5d is "h1 & y w want no o!r assi/ance ?an he c easily give y4 ,he !n took "o ( my h&s1 & ,i recognis$ ! same /rong & w>m pressure :i* ,i _h felt f 8 p>t+ salute at ,pae/um4 ,euba!s1 :om ,i n[ saw ) an expression ( joy & ( w>m? unusual to him1 gave a he>ty %ake to ! o!r h&1 & !y bo? said1 ,y mu/ repose a few h\rs long]4 ,aft] a s\nd sleep till ! ev5+1 ,i 0 able to take "s refre%m5t1 & f\nd little inconv5i5ce f ! accid5t except "s bruises on ! l[] "p ( ! body & a slight swimm+ 9 ! head4 ,! next day ,i 0 able to return to ,gmund51 :]e ,i le>nt f ! ,unkn[n ! hi/ory ( my escape1 :i* seem$ almo/ miracul\s to me4 ,he said t he 0 (t5 9 ! habit ( comb9+ pursuits ( natural hi/ory ) ! amusem5ts d]iv$ f rural sports & 0 fi%+ ! day t my accid5t happ5$ bel[ ! fall ( ! ,traun = t peculi> species ( ! l>ge salmo ( ! ,danube :i*1 =tunately = me1 is only to be caught by v /rong tackle4 ,he saw1 to 8 v great a/oni%m5t & al>m1 ! boat & my body precipitat$ by ! fall1 & 0 s =tunate z to entangle 8 hooks 9 a "p ( my dress :5 ,i _h be5 sc>cely m ?an a m9ute "u wat]1 & by ! assi/ance ( 8 s]vant1 :o 0 arm$ ) ! gaff or curv$ hook = l&+ l>ge fi%1 ,i 0 safely convey$ to ! %ore1 undress$1 put into a w>m b$1 & by ! modes ( re/or+ susp5d$ animation1 :i* 7 famili> to him1 ,i soon recov]$ my s5sibility & consci\sness4 ,i 0 desir\s ( reason+ ) him & ,euba!s ^u ! /ate ( annihilation ( p[] & transi5t dea? :i* ,i _h suff]$ :5 9 ! wat]2 b !y bo? reque/$ me to def] ^? inquiries1 :i* requir$ too pr(\nd an ex]tion ( ?\ght1 till ! effects ( ! %ock on my weak con/itution 7 ov] & my /r5g? 0 some:at re- e/abli%$3 & ,i 0 ! m cont5t$ to comply ) _! reque/ z ! ,unkn[n said x 0 8 int5tion to be our companion = at lea/ "s days long]1 & t 8 objects ( pursuit lay 9 ! v c\ntry 9 :i* we 7 mak+ our summ] t\r4 ,x 0 "s weeks be=e ,i 0 suffici5tly /rong to proce$ on our j\rney1 = my frame 0 little fitt$ to be> su* a trial z t :i* x _h exp]i5c$2 &1 consid]+ ! weak /ate ( my body :5 ,i 0 imm]g$ 9 ! wat]1 ,i c\ld h>dly avoid reg>d+ my recov]y z provid5tial1 & ! pres5ce & assi/ance ( ! ,/rang] z 9 "s way connect$ ) ! future de/9y & utility ( my life4 ,9 ! middle ( ,augu/ we pursu$ our plans ( travel4 ,we fir/ visit$ ^? romantic lakes1 ,halls/adt1 ,aussee1 & ,toplitz ,see1 :i* collect ! melt$ sn[s ( ! high] m\nta9s ( ,/yria to supply ! unfail+ s\rces ( ! ,traun4 ,we visit$ t elevat$ region ( ! ,tyrol :i* =ms ! cre/ ( ! ,pu/]?al1 & :]e ! same *a9s ( glaci]s s5d d[n /reams to ! ,drave & ! ,adige1 to ! ,black ,sea & to ! ,adriatic4 ,we rema9$ = _m days 9 ^? two magnific5t valleys :i* af=d ! s\rces ( ! ,save1 :]e t glori\s & abundant riv] rises1 z x 71 9 ! v bosom ( beauty1 leap+ f its subt]rane\s res]voirs 9 ! sn[y m\nta9s ( ,t]gl\ & ,manh>dt 9 ?und]+ cat>acts among/ cliffs & woods into ! pure & deep c]ulean lakes ( ,wo*a9 & ,wurz51 & pursu+ its c\rse amid/ pa/oral mead[s s ornam5t$ ) plants & trees z to look ! g>d5 ( ,nature4 ,! subsoil or /rata ( ?is "p ( ,illyria are entirely calc>e\s & full ( subt]ranean cav]ns1 s t 9 e declivity l>ge funnel- %ap$ cavities1 l ! crat]s ( volcanoes1 may be se51 9 :i* ! wat]s t fall f ! atmosph]e are lo/3 & almo/ e lake or rives has a subt]rane\s s\rce1 & (t5 a subt]rane\s exit4 ,! ,laiba* riv] rises twice f ! lime/one rock1 & is twice aga9 swall[$ up by ! e>? be=e x makes its f9al appe>ance & is lo/ 9 ! ,save4 ,! ,zirknitz ,see or ,lake is a mass ( wat] entirely fill$ & empti$ by subt]rane\s s\rces1 & its natural hi/ory1 ?\gh s+ul>1 has 9 x no?+ ( ei!r prodigy1 my/]y1 or wond]4 ,! ,grotto ( ! ,maddal5a at ,adelsb]g occupi$ m ( our att5tion ?an ! ,zirknitz ,see4 ,i %all give ! conv]sation t took place 9 t extraord9>y cav]n entire1 z well z ,i c rememb] x1 9 ! words us$ by my companions4 ,eub4--,we mu/ be _m hundr$ feet bel[ ! surface1 yet ! temp]ature ( ?is cav]n is fre% & agreeable4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,?is cav]n has ! mean temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e1 :i* is ! case ) all subt]rane\s cavities remov$ f ! influ5ce ( ! sol> light & heat2 &1 9 s hot a day 9 ,augu/ z ?is1 ,i "k no m agreeable or salut>y mann] ( tak+ a cold ba? ?an 9 desc5d+ to a "p ( ! atmosph]e out ( ! influ5ce ( ^? causes :i* occasion its elevat$ temp]ature4 ,eub4--,h y1 sir1 be5 9 ?is c\ntry be=e8 ,! ,unkn[n4--,?is is ! ?ird summ] t ,i h made x ! sc5e ( an annual visit4 ,indep5d5tly ( ! natural beauties f\nd 9 ,illyria1 & ! v>i\s s\rces ( amusem5t :i* a travell] fond ( natural hi/ory may f9d 9 ?is region1 x has _h a peculi> object ( int]e/ = me 9 ! extraord9>y animals :i* are f\nd 9 ! bottom ( its subt]rane\s cavities3 ,i allude to ! ,proteus angu9us1 a f> great] wond] ( nature ?an any ( ^? :i* ! ,b>on ,valvasa detail$ to ! ,royal ,society a c5tury & half ago z belong+ to ,c>niola1 ) f> too romantic an air = a philosoph]4 ,phil4--,i h se5 ^! animals 9 pass+ ?r\gh ?is c\ntry be=e2 b ,i %\ld be v glad to be bett] acqua9t$ ) _! natural hi/ory4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,we %all soon be 9 t "p ( ! grotto :]e !y are f\nd1 & ,i %all will+ly communicate ! little t ,i h be5 able to le>n respect+ _! natural *>act]s & habits4 ,eub4--,! grotto n[ becomes really magnific5t2 ,i h se5 no subt]rane\s cavity ) s _m traits ( beauty & ( gr&eur4 ,! irregul>ity ( its surface1 ! magnitude ( ! masses brok5 9 pieces :i* compose its sides1 & :i* seem torn f ! bosom ( ! m\nta9 by "s great convulsion ( nature1 _! d>k col\rs & deep %ades =m a s+ul> contra/ ) ! beauty1 uni=mity1 ,i may say1 ord] & grace ( ! :ite /alactical concretions :i* hang f ! canopy above1 & :]e ! light ( our tor*es reflect$ f ! brilliant or transp>5t calc>e\s gems create a sc5e :i* almo/ looks l "o produc$ by en*antm5t4 ,phil4--,if ! awful *asms ( d>k masses ( rock surr\nd+ u appe> l ! "w ( demons :o might be imag9$ to h ris5 f ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 ! beautiful works ( ,nature above our heads may be comp>$ to a sc5ic repres5tation ( a temple or banquet hall = fairies or g5ii1 su* z ^? fabl$ 9 ! ,arabian romances4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,a poet might c]ta9ly place "h ! palace ( ! ,k+ ( ! ,gnomes1 & might f9d m>ks ( 8 creative p[] 9 ! small lake close by on :i* ! flame ( ! tor* is n[ fall+1 = !re x is t ,i expect to f9d ! extraord9>y animals :i* h be5 s long ! objects ( my att5tion4 ,eub4--,i see ?ree or f\r creatures1 l sl5d] fi%1 mov+ on ! mud bel[ ! wat]4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i see !m2 !y are ! ,protei4 ,n[ ,i h !m 9 my fi%+-net1 & n[ !y are safe 9 ! pit*] ( wat]4 ,at fir/ view y might suppose ?is animal to be a liz>d1 b x has ! motions ( a fi%4 ,its head & ! l[] "p ( its body & its tail be> a /rong resemblance to ^? ( ! eel2 b x has no f9s1 & its curi\s bron*ial organs are n l ! gills ( fi%es3 !y =m a s+ul> vascul> /ructure1 z y see1 almo/ l a cre/1 r\nd ! ?roat1 :i* may be remov$ )\t occasion+ ! dea? ( ! animal1 :i* is likewise furni%$ ) lungs4 ,) ?is d\ble app>atus = supply+ air to ! blood1 x c live ei!r bel[ or above ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,its =e-feet resemble h&s1 b !y h only ?ree claws or f+]s1 & are too feeble to be ( use 9 grasp+ or support+ ! weight ( ! animal2 ! h9d] feet h only two claws or toes1 & 9 ! l>g] specim5s are f\nd s imp]fect z to be almo/ oblit]at$4 ,x has small po9ts 9 place ( eyes1 z if to pres]ve ! analogy ( ,nature4 ,x is ( a fle%y :it5ess & transp>5cy 9 its natural /ate2 b :5 expos$ to light1 its sk9 gradually becomes d>k]1 & at la/ ga9s an olive t9t4 ,its nasal organs appe> l>ge1 & x is abundantly furni%$ ) tee?3 f :i* x may be conclud$ t x is an animal ( prey2 yet 9 its conf9$ /ate x has nev] be5 kn[n to eat1 & x has be5 kept alive = _m ye>s by occasionally *ang+ ! wat] 9 :i* x 0 plac$4 ,eub4--,is ?is ! only place 9 ,c>niola :]e ^! animals are f\nd8 ,! ,unkn[n4--,!y 7 fir/ discov]$ "h by ! late ,b>on ,zois2 b !y h s9ce be5 f\nd1 ?\gh r>ely1 at ,sitti*1 ab\t ?irty miles di/ant1 ?r[n up by wat] f a subt]rane\s cavity2 & ,i h lately he>d x report$ t "s individuals ( ! same species h be5 recognis$ 9 ! calc>e\s /rata 9 ,sicily4 ,eub4--,?is lake 9 :i* we h se5 ^! animals is a v small "o4 ,d y suppose !y are br$ "h8 ,! ,unkn[n4--,c]ta9ly n4 ,9 dry seasons !y are seldom f\nd "h1 b aft] great ra9s !y are (t5 abundant4 ,i ?9k x _c be d\bt$ t _! natural resid5ce is 9 an ext5sile deep subt]ranean lake1 f :i* 9 great floods !y sometimes are =c$ ?r\gh ! crevices ( ! rocks into ?is place :]e !y are f\nd2 & x does n appe> to me impossible1 :5 ! peculi> nature ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* we are is consid]$1 t ! same great cavity may furni% ! individuals :i* h be5 f\nd at ,adelsb]g & at ,sitti*4 ,eub4--,?is is a v extraord9>y view ( ! subject4 ,is x n possible t x may be ! l>va ( "s l>ge unkn[n animal inhabit+ ^! lime/one cavities8 ,its feet are n 9 h>mony ) ! re/ ( its organisation2 & 7 !y remov$1 x w\ld h all ! *>act]s ( a fi%4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i _c suppose t !y are l>vae4 ,!re is1 ,i believe1 9 ,nature no in/ance ( a transition by ?is species ( metamorphosis f a m p]fect to a less p]fect animal4 ,! tadpole has a resemblance to a fi% be=e x becomes a frog2 ! cat]pill> & ! maggot ga9 n only m p]fect p[]s ( motion on ! e>? 9 _! new /ate1 b acquire organs by :i* !y inhabit a new elem5t4 ,?is animal1 ,i d>e say1 is mu* l>g] ?an we n[ see x :5 mature 9 its native place2 b its comp>ative anatomy is exce$+ly ho/ile to ! idea t x is an animal 9 a /ate ( transition4 ,x has be5 f\nd ( v>i\s sizes1 f t ( ! ?ickness ( a quill to t ( ! ?umb1 b its =m ( organs has be5 always ! same4 ,x is surely a p]fect animal ( a peculi> species4 ,& x adds "o in/ance m to ! numb] already kn[n ( ! wond]ful mann] 9 :i* life is produc$ & p]petuat$ 9 e "p ( our globe1 ev5 9 places :i* seem ! lea/ suit$ to organis$ exi/5ces4 ,& ! same inf9ite p[] & wisdom :i* has fitt$ ! camel & ! o/ri* = ! des]ts ( ,africa1 ! swall[ t secretes its own ne/ = ! caves ( ,java1 ! :ale = ! ,pol> seas1 & ! morse & :ite be> = ! ,arctic ice1 has giv5 ! proteus to ! deep & d>k subt]rane\s lakes ( ,illyria--an animal to :om ! pres5ce ( light is n ess5tial1 & :o c live indiff]5tly 9 air & 9 wat]1 on ! surface ( ! rock1 or 9 ! dep?s ( ! mud4 ,phil4--,x is n[ t5 ye>s s9ce ,i fir/ visit$ ?is spot4 ,i 0 exce$+ly anxi\s to see ! proteus1 & came "h ) ! guide 9 ! ev5+ ( ! day ,i arriv$ at ,adelsb]g2 b ?\gh we exam9$ ! bottom ( ! cave ) ! greate/ c>e1 we c\ld f9d no specim5s4 ,we return$ ! next morn+ & 7 m =tunate1 = we discov]$ five close to ! bank on ! mud cov]+ ! bottom ( ! lake2 ! mud 0 smoo? & p]fectly undi/urb$1 & ! wat] q cle>4 ,?is fact ( _! appe>ance dur+ ! night seem$ to me s extraord9>y1 t ,i c\ld h>dly avoid ! fancy t !y 7 new creations4 ,i saw no cavities ?r\gh :i* !y c\ld h ent]$1 & ! undi/urb$ /ate ( ! lake seem$ to give weight to my notion4 ,my rev]ies became discursive2 ,i 0 c>ri$ 9 imag9ation back to ! primitive /ate ( ! globe1 :5 ! great animals ( ! sauri k9d 7 creat$ "u ! pressure ( a heavy atmosph]e2 & my notion on ?is subject 0 n de/roy$ :5 ,i he>d f a celebrat$ anatomi/1 to :om ,i s5t ! specim5s ,i _h collect$1 t ! organisation ( ! sp9e ( ! proteus 0 analog\s to t ( "o ( ! sauri1 ! rema9s ( :i* are f\nd 9 ! old] second>y /rata4 ,x 0 said at ?is "t t no organs ( reproduction _h be5 discov]$ 9 any ( ! specim5s exam9$ by physiologi/s1 & ?is l5t a weight to my op9ion ( ! possibility ( _! be+ actually new creations1 :i* ,i suppose y w condemn z :olly vision>y & unphilosophical4 ,eub4--,f ! tone 9 :i* y make y\r /atem5ts1 ,i ?9k y y\rself consid] !m z unwor?y ( discussion4 ,on su* gr\nd eels might be consid]$ new creations1 = _! mature ov>ia h n yet be5 discov]$1 & !y come f ! sea into riv]s "u circum/ances :5 x is difficult to trace _! c\rse4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,! problem ( ! reproduction ( ! proteus1 l t ( ! common eel1 is n yet solv$2 b ov>ia h be5 discov]$ 9 animals ( bo? species1 & 9 ?is in/ance1 z 9 all o!rs belong+ to ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s1 ,h>vey's maxim ( omne vivum ab ovo w apply4 ,eub4--,y j n[ said t ?is animal has be5 long an object ( att5tion to y2 h y /udi$ x z a comp>ative anatomi/1 9 se>* ( ! solution ( ! problem ( its reproduction8 ,! ,unkn[n4--,no2 ?is inquiry has be5 pursu$ by mu* abl] inve/igators3 by ,s*reib] & ,configlia*i2 my rese>*es 7 made ^u its respiration & ! *anges occasion$ 9 wat] by its bron*ia4 ,eub4--,i hope !y h be5 satisfactory4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,!y prov$ to me1 at lea/1 t n m]ely ! oxyg5 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 b likewise a "p ( ! azote1 0 absorb$ 9 ! respiration ( ?is animal4 ,eub4--,s t y\r rese>*es confirm ^? ( ! ,fr5* savants & ,alex&] von ,humboldt1 t 9 ! respiration ( animals :i* sep>ate air f wat]1 bo? pr9ciples ( ! atmosph]e are absorb$4 ,phil4--,i h he>d s _m & su* v>i\s op9ions on ! nature ( ! function ( respiration dur+ my education & s9ce1 t ,i %\ld l to "k :at is ! mod]n doctr9e on ?is subject4 ,i c h>dly ref] to bett] au?ority ?an y\rself1 & ,i h an additional reason = wi%+ = "s accurate k on ?is matt]1 hav+1 z y well "k1 be5 ! subject ( an exp]im5t 9 relation to x :i*1 b = y\r k9d & active assi/ance1 mu/ h t]m9at$ fatally4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i %all gladly /ate :at ,i "k1 :i* is v little4 ,9 physics & 9 *emi/ry1 ! sci5ce ( dead matt]1 we possess _m facts & a few pr9ciples or laws2 b :5ev] ! functions ( life are consid]$1 ?\gh ! facts are num]\s1 yet !re is1 z yet1 sc>cely any approa* to g5]al laws1 & we mu/ usually end :]e we beg9 by confess+ our entire ignorance4 ,eub4--,i w n all[ ?is ignorance to be entire4 ,some?+1 und\bt$ly1 has be5 ga9$ by ! k ( ! circulation ( ! blood & its a]ation 9 ! lungs--^!1 if n laws1 are at lea/ fundam5tal pr9ciples4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i speak only ( ! functions 9 _! connection ) life4 ,we are /ill ignorant ( ! s\rce ( animal heat1 ?\gh half a c5tury ago ! *emi/s ?\ght !y _h prov$ x 0 ow+ to a sort ( combu/ion ( ! c>bon ( ! blood4 ,phil4--,z we return to our inn ,i hope y w bo? be s good z give me y\r views ( ! nature ( ?is function1 s important to all liv+ ?+s2 tell me :at y "k1 or :at y believe1 or :at o!rs imag9e !y "k4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,! p[]s ( ! organic sy/em dep5d ^u a cont9u$ /ate ( *ange4 ,! wa/e ( ! body produc$ 9 muscul> action1 p]spiration1 & v>i\s secretions1 is made up = by ! con/ant supply ( nutritive matt] to ! blood by ! absorb5ts1 & by ! action ( ! he>t ! blood is pres]v$ 9 p]petual motion ?r\gh e "p ( ! body4 ,9 ! lungs1 or bron*ia1 ! v5\s blood is expos$ to ! influ5ce ( air & und]goes a rem>kable *ange1 be+ conv]t$ into art]ial blood4 ,! obvi\s *emical alt]ation ( ! air is suffici5tly simple 9 ?is process3 a c]ta9 quantity ( c>bon only is add$ to x1 & x receives an addition ( heat or vap\r2 ! volumes ( ela/ic fluid inspir$ & expir$ 7mak+ all[ance = *ange ( temp]ature7 are ! same1 & if pond]able ag5ts only 7 to be reg>d$ x w\ld appe> z if ! only use ( respiration 7 to free ! blood f a c]ta9 quantity ( c>bonace\s matt]4 ,b x is probable t ?is is only a second>y object1 & t ! *ange produc$ by respiration ^u ! blood is ( a mu* m important k9d4 ,oxyg51 9 its ela/ic /ate1 has prop]ties :i* are v *>act]i/ic3 x gives out light by compression1 :i* is n c]ta9ly kn[n to be ! case ) any o!r ela/ic fluid except ^? ) :i* oxyg5 has ent]$ )\t und]go+ combu/ion2 & f ! fire x produces 9 c]ta9 processes1 & f ! mann] 9 :i* x is sep>at$ by positive electricity 9 ! gase\s /ate f its comb9ations1 x is n easy to avoid ! supposition t x conta9s1 besides its pond]able elem5ts1 "s v subtle matt] :i* is capable ( assum+ ! =m ( heat & light4 ,my idea is t ! common air inspir$ ent]s into ! v5\s blood entire1 9 a /ate ( dissolution1 c>ry+ ) x its subtle or e!real "p1 :i* 9 ord9>y cases ( *emical *ange is giv5 (f2 t x expels f ! blood c>bonic acid gas & azote2 & t 9 ! c\rse ( ! circulation its e!real "p & its pond]able "p und]go *anges :i* belong to laws t _c be consid]$ z *emical--! e!real "p probably produc+ animal heat & o!r effects1 & ! pond]able "p contribut+ to =m c>bonic acid & o!r products4 ,! art]ial blood is necess>y to all ! functions ( life1 & x is no less connect$ ) ! irritability ( ! muscles & ! s5sibility ( ! n]ves ?an ) ! p]=mance ( all ! secretions4 ,eub4--,no "o c be m conv9c$ ?an ,i am ( ! v limit$ ext5t ( our k 9 *emical physiology1 & :5 ,i say t1 hav+ be5 a disciple & fri5d ( ,dr4 ,black1 ,i am /ill dispos$ to pref] 8 anci5t view to y\r new "o1 ,i wi% m]ely to induce y to pause & to he> my reasons2 !y may appe> insuffici5t to y1 b ,i am anxi\s to expla9 !m4 ,fir/1 !n1 9 all kn[n *emical *anges 9 :i* oxyg5 gas is absorb$ & c>bonic acid gas =m$1 heat is produc$4 ,i c\ld m5tion a ?\s& in/ances1 f ! combu/ion ( wood or spirits ( w9e to ! f]m5tation ( fruit or ! putrefaction ( animal matt]4 ,?is g5]al fact1 :i* may be almo/ call$ a law1 is 9 fav\r ( ! view ( ,dr4 ,black4 ,ano!r circum/ance 9 fav\r ( x is1 t ^? animals :i* possess ! highe/ temp]ature consume ! greate/ quantity ( air1 &1 "u diff]5t circum/ances ( action & repose1 ! heat is 9 great measure proportional to ! quantity ( oxyg5 consum$4 ,!n ^? animals :i* absorb ! smalle/ quantity ( air are cold-blood$4 ,ano!r argum5t 9 fav\r ( ,dr4 ,black's op9ion is ! *ange ( col\r ( blood f black to r$1 :i* seems to %[ t x loses c>bon4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,) ! highe/ respect = ! memory ( ,dr4 ,black1 & = ! op9ion ( 8 disciple1 ,i %all answ] ! argum5ts ,i h j he>d4 ,i w n all[ any facts or laws f ! action ( dead matt] to apply to liv+ /ructures2 ! blood is a liv+ fluid1 & ( ?is we are sure t x does n burn 9 respiration4 ,! t]ms w>m? & cold1 z appli$ to ! blood ( animals1 are improp] 9 ! s5se 9 :i* !y h be5 j us$2 all animals are1 9 fact1 w>m-blood$1 & ! degrees ( _! temp]ature are fitt$ to ! circum/ances "u :i* !y live1 & ^? animals1 ! life ( :i* is mo/ active1 possess mo/ heat1 :i* may be ! result ( g5]al actions1 & n a p>ticul> effect ( respiration4 ,besides1 a di/+ui%$ physiologi/ has r5d]$ x probable t ! animal heat dep5ds m ^u ! functions ( ! n]ves ?an ^u any result ( respiration4 ,! argum5t d]iv$ f *ange ( col\r is p]fectly delusive2 x w\ld n foll[ if c>bon 7 lib]at$ f ! blood t x mu/ necess>ily become bright]2 sulphur comb9+ ) *>coal becomes a cle> fluid1 & a black oxide ( copp] becomes r$ 9 unit+ ) a sub/ance :i* ab\nds 9 c>bon4 ,no *ange 9 s5sible qualities c ev] indicate ) precision ! nature ( *emical *ange4 ,i %all resume my view1 :i* ,i _c be said to h fully develop$4 ,:5 ,i /at$ t c>bonic acid 0 =m$ 9 ! v5\s blood 9 ! processes ( life1 ,i meant m]ely to say t ?is blood1 9 consequ5ce ( c]ta9 *anges1 became capable ( giv+ (f c>bon & oxyg5 9 union ) ea* o!r1 = ! mom5t inorganic matt] ent]s into ! composition ( liv+ organs x obeys new laws4 ,! action ( ! ga/ric juice is *emical1 & x w only dissolve dead matt]s1 & x dissolves !m :5 !y are 9 tubes ( metal z well z 9 ! /oma*1 b x has no action ^u liv+ matt]4 ,respiration is no m a *emical process ?an ! absorption ( *yle2 & ! *anges t take place 9 ! lungs1 ?\gh !y appe> s simple1 may be v complicat$2 x is z little philosophical to consid] !m z a m]e combu/ion ( c>bon z to consid] ! =mation ( muscle f ! art]ial blood z cry/allisation4 ,!re c be no d\bt t all ! p[]s & ag5cies ( matt] are employ$ 9 ! purposes ( organisation1 b ! ph5om5a ( organisation c no m be ref]r$ to *emi/ry ?an ^? ( *emi/ry to me*anics4 ,z oxyg5 /&s 9 t electrical relation to ! o!r elem5ts ( animal matt] :i* has be5 call$ electropositive1 x may be suppos$ t "s electrical function is ex]cis$ by oxyg5 9 ! blood2 b ?is is a m]e hypo!sis4 ,an attempt has be5 made f\nd$ on exp]im5ts on ! decomposition ( bodies by electricity to expla9 secretion by weak electrical p[]s1 & to suppose ! gl&s electrical organs1 & ev5 to imag9e ! action ( ! n]ves dep5d5t ^u electricity2 ^!1 l all o!r notions ( ! same k9d1 appe> to me v little ref9$4 ,if electrical effects be ! exhibition ( c]ta9 p[]s belong+ to matt]1 :i* is a fair supposition1 !n no *ange c take place )\t _! be+ m or less conc]n$2 b to imag9e ! pres5ce ( electricity to solve ph5om5a ! cause ( :i* is unkn[n is m]ely to sub/itute "o undef9$ ^w = ano!r4 ,9 "s animals electrical organs are f\nd1 b !n !y furni% ! artill]y ( ! animal & means ( seiz+ its prey & ( its def5ce4 ,& speculations ( ?is k9d mu/ be rank$ ) ^? belong+ to "s ( ! m sup]ficial foll[]s ( ! ,newtonian philosophy1 :o expla9$ ! prop]ties ( animat$ nature by me*anical p[]s1 & muscul> action by ! expansion & contraction ( ela/ic bladd]s2 man1 9 ?is /ate ( vague philosophical inquiry1 0 suppos$ a species ( hydraulic ma*9e4 ,& :5 ! pneumatic *emi/ry 0 inv5t$1 organic /ructures 7 soon imag9$ to be laboratories 9 :i* comb9ations & decompositions produc$ all ! effects ( liv+ actions2 !n muscul> contractions 7 suppos$ to dep5d ^u explosions l ^? ( ! detonat+ comp\nds1 & ! =mation ( blood f *yle 0 consid]$ z a pure *emical solution4 ,&1 n[ t ! progress ( sci5ce has op5$ new & extraord9>y views 9 electricity1 ^! views are n unnaturally appli$ by speculative reason]s to solve "s ( ! my/]i\s & recondite ph5om5a ( organis$ be+s4 ,b ! analogy is too remote & incorrect2 ! s\rces ( life _c be grasp$ by su* ma*9]y2 to look = !m 9 ! p[]s ( electro-*emi/ry is seek+ ! liv+ among ! dead3 t :i* t\*es w n be felt1 t :i* sees w n be visible1 t :i* comm&s s5sations w n be _! subject4 ,phil4--,i conclude1 f :at y la/ said1 t ?\gh y are incl9$ to believe t "s unkn[n subtle matt] is add$ to ! organis$ sy/em by respiration1 yet y w\ld n h u believe t ?is is electricity1 or t !re is any reason to suppose t electricity has a peculi> & special %>e 9 produc+ ! functions ( life4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i wi% to gu>d y aga9/ ! adoption ( any hypo!sis on ?is recondite & ab/ruse subject4 ,b h[ev] difficult x may be to def9e ! exact nature ( respiration1 yet ! effect ( x & its connexions ) ! functions ( ! body are suffici5tly /rik+4 ,by ! action ( air on ! blood x is fitt$ = ! purposes ( life1 & f ! mom5t t animation is m>k$ by s5sation or volition1 ?is function is p]=m$1 ! punctum sali5s 9 ! ovum seems to receive z x 7 ! brea? ( life 9 ! influ5ce ( air4 ,9 ! economy ( ! reproduction ( ! species ( animals1 "o ( ! mo/ important circum/ances is ! a]ation ( ! ovum1 & :5 ?is is n p]=m$1 f ! blood ( ! "m z 9 ! mammalia by ! plac5ta1 !re is a sy/em = a]at+ z 9 ! ovip>\s reptiles or fi%es1 :i* enables ! air freely to pass ?r\gh ! receptacles 9 :i* ! eggs are deposit$1 or ! egg itself is a]at$ out ( ! body ?r\gh its coats or %ell1 & :5 air is exclud$1 incubation or artificial heat has no effect4 ,fi%es :i* deposit _! eggs 9 wat] t conta9s only a limit$ portion ( air1 make comb9ations :i* w\ld seem almo/ ! result ( sci5tific k or reason1 ?\gh dep5d+ ^u a m un]r+ pr9ciple1 _! in/9ct = pres]v+ _! (fspr+4 ,^? fi%es t spawn 9 spr+ or ! beg9n+ ( summ] & w9* inhabit deep & /ill wat]s1 z ! c>p1 bream1 pike1 t5*1 c41 deposit _! eggs ^u aquatic vegetables1 :i* by ! influ5ce ( ! sol> light con/antly pres]ve ! wat] 9 a /ate ( a]ation4 ,! tr\t1 salmon1 hu*o1 & o!rs ( ! ,salmo g5us1 :i* spawn 9 ! beg9n+ or end ( w9t]1 & :i* inhabit riv]s f$ by cold & rapid /reams :i* desc5d f ! m\nta9s1 deposit _! eggs 9 %all[s on heaps ( gravel1 z ne> z possible to ! s\rce ( ! /ream :]e ! wat] is fully comb9$ ) air2 & to accompli% ?is purpose !y travel = hundr$s ( miles aga9/ ! curr5t1 & leap ov] cat>acts & dams3 ?us ! ,salmo sal> asc5ds by ! ,rhone & ! ,a> to ! glaci]s ( ,switz]l&1 ! hu*o by ! ,danube1 ! ,is>1 & ! ,save1 pass+ ?r\gh ! lakes ( ! ,tyrol & ,/yria to ! highe/ torr5ts ( ! ,noric & ,julian ,alps4 ,phil4--,my own exp]i5ce proves 9 ! /ronge/ mann] ! imm$iate connection ( s5sibility ) respiration2 all t ,i c rememb] 9 my accid5t 0 a c]ta9 viol5t & pa9ful s5sation ( oppression 9 ! *e/1 :i* mu/ h be5 imm$iately succe$$ by loss ( s5se4 ,eub4--,i h no d\bt t all y\r suff]+ 0 ov] at ! mom5t y describe2 z f> z s5sibility is conc]n$1 y 7 inanimate :5 y\r fri5d rais$ y f ! bottom4 ,?is di/9ct connection ( s5sibility ) ! absorption ( air by ! blood is1 ,i ?9k1 9 fav\r ( ! idea advanc$ by our fri5d1 t "s subtle & e!real matt] is suppli$ to ! sy/em 9 ! ela/ic air :i* may be ! cause ( vitality4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,s(tly1 if y please2 ,i mu/ n all[ y to mi/ake my view4 ,i ?9k x probable t "s subtle matt] is d]iv$ f ! atmosph]e connect$ ) ! functions ( life2 b no?+ c be m remote f my op9ion ?an to suppose x ! cause ( vitality4 ,phil4--,?is might h be5 fully inf]r$ f ! :ole t5or ( y\r conv]sation1 & p>ticul>ly f t expression1 t :i* comm&s s5sation w n be _! subject4 ,i ?9k ,i %all n mi/ake y\r views :5 ,i say t y d n consid] vitality dep5d5t ^u any mat]ial cause or pr9ciple4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,y d n4 ,we are entirely ignorant on ?is subject1 & ,i confess 9 ! utmo/ humility my ignorance4 ,i "k !re h be5 di/+ui%$ physiologi/s :o h imag9$ t by organisation p[]s n naturally possess$ by matt] 7 develop$1 & t s5sibility 0 a prop]ty belong+ to "s unkn[n comb9ation ( unkn[n e!real elem5ts4 ,b su* notions appe> to me unphilosophical1 & ! m]e sub/itution ( unkn[n words = unkn[n ?+s4 ,i c nev] believe t any division1 or ref9em5t1 or subtilisation1 or juxtaposition1 or arrangem5t ( ! p>ticles ( matt]1 c give to !m s5sibility2 or t intellig5ce c result f comb9ations ( ins5sate & brute atoms4 ,i c z easily imag9e t ! planets are mov+ by _! w or design r\nd ! sun1 or t a cannon ball is reason+ 9 mak+ its p>abolic curve4 ,! mat]iali/s h quot$ a passage ( ,locke 9 fav\r ( _! doctr9e1 :o seem$ to d\bt :e!r x might n h pleas$ ,god to be/[ a p[] ( ?9k+ on matt]4 ,b ) ! highe/ v5]ation = ?is great reason]1 ! f\nd] ( mod]n philosophical logic1 ,i ?9k !re is little ( 8 usual /r5g? ( m9d 9 ?is d\bt4 ,x appe>s to me t he might z well h ask$ :e!r x might n h pleas$ ,god to make a h\se its own t5ant4 ,eub4--,i am n a pr(ess$ mat]iali/2 b ,i ?9k y treat r too lightly ! mode/ d\bts ( ,locke on ?is subject4 ,& )\t consid]+ me z a p>tisan1 y w1 ,i hope1 all[ me to /ate "s ( ! reasons :i* ,i h he>d good physiologi/s advance 9 fav\r ( t op9ion to :i* y are s ho/ile4 ,9 ! fir/ accretion ( ! p>ts ( animat$ be+s !y appe> almo/ l ! cry/allis$ matt]1 ) ! simple/ k9d ( life1 sc>cely s5sitive4 ,! gradual op]ations by :i* !y acquire new organs & new p[]s1 correspond+ to ^! organs1 till !y arrive at full maturity1 =cibly /rikes ! m9d ) ! idea t ! p[]s ( life reside 9 ! arrangem5t by :i* ! organs are produc$4 ,!n1 z !re is a gradual increase ( p[] correspond+ to ! increase ( p]fection ( ! organisation1 s !re is a gradual dim9ution ( x connect$ ) ! decay ( ! body4 ,z ! imbecility ( infancy corresponds to ! weakness ( organisation1 s ! en]gy ( y\? & ! p[] ( manhood are m>k$ by its /r5g?2 & ! feebl5ess & dotage ( old age are 9 ! direct ratio ( ! decl9e ( ! p]fection ( ! organisation1 & ! m5tal p[]s 9 extreme old age seem de/roy$ at ! same "t ) ! corporeal ones1 till ! ultimate dissolution ( ! frame1 :5 ! elem5ts are aga9 re/or$ to t dead nature f :i* !y 7 orig9ally d]iv$4 ,!n1 !re 0 a p]iod :5 ! greate/ philosoph]1 /atesman1 or h]o1 t ev] exi/$ 0 a m]e liv+ atom1 an organis$ =m ) ! sole p[] ( p]ception2 & ! comb9ations t a ,newton =m$ be=e bir? or imm$iately aft] _c be imag9$ to h possess$ ! slighte/ intellectual "*4 ,if a peculi> pr9ciple be suppos$ necess>y to intellig5ce1 x mu/ exi/ ?r\gh\t animat$ nature4 ,! elephant approa*es ne>] to man 9 intellectual p[] ?an ! oy/] does to ! elephant2 & a l9k ( s5sitive nature may be trac$ f ! polypus to ! philosoph]4 ,n[1 9 ! polypus ! s5ti5t pr9ciple is divisible1 & f "o polypus or "o e>?worm may be =m$ two or ?ree1 all ( :i* become p]fect animals1 & h p]ception & volition2 !re=e1 at lea/1 ! s5ti5t pr9ciple has ?is prop]ty 9 common ) matt]1 t x is divisible4 ,!n to ^! difficulties add ! dep5d5ce ( all ! high] faculties ( ! m9d ^u ! /ate ( ! bra92 rememb] t n only all ! intellectual p[]s1 b ev5 s5sibility is de/roy$ by ! pressure ( a little blood ^u ! c]ebellum1 & ! difficulties increase4 ,call to m9d likewise ! susp5sion ( animation 9 cases simil> to t ( our fri5d1 :5 !re are no signs ( life & :5 animation returns only ) ! return ( organic action4 ,surely 9 all ^! in/ances ev]y?+ :i* y consid] z belong+ to _s appe>s 9 intimate dep5d5ce ^u ! arrangem5ts & prop]ties ( matt]4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,! argum5ts y h us$ are ^? :i* are g5]ally employ$ by physiologi/s4 ,!y h weight 9 appe>ance1 b n 9 reality4 ,!y prove t a c]ta9 p]fection ( ! ma*9]y ( ! body is ess5tial to ! ex]cise ( ! p[]s ( ! m9d1 b !y d n prove t ! ma*9e is ! m9d4 ,)\t ! eye !re c be no s5sations ( vision1 & )\t ! bra9 !re c\ld be no recollect$ visible ideas2 b nei!r ! optic n]ve nor ! bra9 c be consid]$ z ! p]cipi5t pr9ciple--!y are b ! in/rum5ts ( a p[] :i* has no?+ 9 common ) !m4 ,:at may be said ( ! n]v\s sy/em may be appli$ to a diff]5t "p ( ! frame2 /op ! motion ( ! he>t1 & s5sibility & life cease1 yet ! liv+ pr9ciple is n 9 ! he>t1 nor 9 ! art]ial blood :i* x s5ds to e "p ( ! sy/em4 ,a savage :o saw ! op]ation ( a numb] ( p[]-looms weav+ /ock+s cease at once on ! /opp+ ( ! motion ( a :eel1 might well imag9e t ! motive =ce 0 9 ! :eel2 he c\ld n div9e t x m imm$iately dep5d$ ^u ! /eam1 & ultimately ^u a fire bel[ a conceal$ boil]4 ,! philosoph] sees ! fire :i* is ! cause ( ! motion ( ?is complicat$ ma*9]y1 s un9telligible to ! savage2 b bo? are equally ignorant ( ! div9e fire :i* is ! cause ( ! me*anism ( organis$ /ructures4 ,pr(\ndly ignorant on ?is subject1 all t we c d is to give a hi/ory ( our own m9ds4 ,! ext]nal _w or matt] is to u 9 fact no?+ b a heap or clu/] ( s5sations2 &1 9 look+ back to ! memory ( our own be+1 we f9d "o pr9ciple1 :i* may be call$ ! monad1 or self1 con/antly pres5t1 intimately associat$ ) a p>ticul> class ( s5sations1 :i* we call our own body or organs4 ,^! organs are connect$ ) o!r s5sations1 & move1 z x 71 ) !m 9 circles ( exi/5ce1 quitt+ = a "t "s tra9s ( s5sation to return to o!rs2 b ! monad is always pres5t4 ,we c fix no beg9n+ to its op]ations2 we c place no limit to !m4 ,we sometimes1 9 sleep1 lose ! beg9n+ & end ( a dream1 & recollect ! middle ( x1 & "o dream has no connection ) ano!r2 & yet we are consci\s ( an inf9ite v>iety ( dreams1 & !re is a /rong analogy = believ+ 9 an inf9ity ( pa/ exi/5ces1 :i* mu/ h _h connection2 & human life may be reg>d$ z a type ( inf9ite & immortal life1 & its succession ( sleep & dreams z a type ( ! *anges ( dea? & bir? to :i* f its nature x is liable4 ,t ! ideas belong+ to ! m9d 7 orig9ally ga9$ f ^? classes ( s5sations call$ organs x is impossible to d5y1 z x is impossible to d5y t ma!matical tru?s dep5d ^u ! signs :i* express !m2 b ^! signs are n !mselves ! tru?s1 nor are ! organs ! m9d4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( intellect is a hi/ory ( *ange accord+ to a c]ta9 law2 & we reta9 ! memory only ( ^? *anges :i* may be useful to u--! *ild =gets :at happ5$ to x 9 ! womb2 ! recollections ( ! infant likewise be=e two ye>s are soon lo/1 yet _m ( ! habits acquir$ 9 t age are reta9$ ?r\gh life4 ,! s5ti5t pr9ciple ga9s ?\ghts by mat]ial in/rum5ts1 & its s5sations *ange z ^? in/rum5ts *ange2 &1 9 old age1 ! m9d1 z x 71 falls asleep to awake to a new exi/5ce4 ,) its pres5t organisation1 ! intellect ( man is naturally limit$ & imp]fect1 b ?is dep5ds ^u its mat]ial ma*9]y2 & 9 a high] organis$ =m1 x may be imag9$ to possess inf9itely high] p[]s4 ,7 man to be immortal ) 8 pres5t corporeal frame1 ?is immortality w\ld only belong to ! ma*9]y2 & ) respect to acquisitions ( m9d1 he w\ld virtually die e two or ?ree hundr$ ye>s--t is to say1 a c]ta9 quantity ( ideas only c\ld be rememb]$1 & ! suppos$ immortal be+ w\ld be1 ) respect to :at _h happ5$ a ?\s& ye>s ago1 z ! adult n[ is ) respect to :at happ5$ 9 ! fir/ ye> ( 8 life4 ,to attempt to reason ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ! organs are connect$ ) s5sation w\ld be useless2 ! n]ves & bra9 h "s imm$iate relation to ^! vital functions1 b h[ !y act x is impossible to say4 ,f ! rapidity & inf9ite v>iety ( ! ph5om5a ( p]ception1 x seems extremely probable t !re mu/ be 9 ! bra9 & n]ves matt] ( a nature f> m subtle & ref9$ ?an any?+ discov]$ 9 !m by obs]vation & exp]im5t1 & t ! imm$iate connection betwe5 ! s5ti5t pr9ciple & ! body may be e/abli%$ by k9ds ( e!real matt]1 :i* c nev] be evid5t to ! s5ses1 & :i* may be> ! same relations to heat1 light1 & electricity t ^! ref9$ =ms or modes ( exi/5ce ( matt] be> to ! gases4 ,motion is mo/ easily produc$ by ! light] species ( matt]2 & yet impond]able ag5ts1 su* z electricity1 possess =ce suffici5t to ov]turn ! weightie/ /ructures4 ,no?+ c be f>!r f my mean+ ?an to attempt any def9ition on ?is subject1 nor w\ld ,i ev] embrace or give au?ority to t idea ( ,newton1 :o supposes t ! imm$iate cause ( s5sation may be 9 undulations ( an e!real m$ium4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 appe> improbable to me t "s ( ! m ref9$ ma*9]y ( ?\ght may adh]e1 ev5 9 ano!r /ate1 to ! s5ti5t pr9ciple2 =1 ?\gh ! organs ( gross s5sation--! n]ves & bra9--are de/roy$ by dea?1 yet some?+ ( ! m e!real nature1 :i* ,i h suppos$1 may be less de/ructible4 ,& ,i sometimes imag9e t _m ( ^? p[]s1 :i* h be5 call$ in/9ctive1 belong to ! m ref9$ clo?+ ( ! _s2 consci5ce1 inde$1 seems to h "s undef9$ s\rce1 & may be> relation to a =m] /ate ( be+4 ,eub4--,all y\r notions are m]ely +5i\s speculations4 ,revelation gives no au?ority to y\r ideas ( spiritual nature2 ! ,*ri/ian immortality is f\nd$ ^u ! resurrection ( ! body4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,?is ,i w n all[4 ,ev5 9 ! ,mosaic hi/ory ( ! creation ( man 8 frame is made 9 ! image ( ,god--t is1 capable ( intellig5ce2 & ! ,creator brea!s into x ! brea? ( life1 ,8 own ess5ce4 ,!n our ,savi\r has said1 ( ! ,god ( ,abraham1 ( ,isaac1 & ( ,jacob4 ,he is n ! ,god ( ! dead1 b ( ! liv+4 ,/4 ,paul has describ$ ! clo?+ ( ! _s 9 a new & glori\s body1 tak+ ! analogy f ! liv+ g]m 9 ! se$ ( ! plant1 :i* is n quick5$ till aft] app>5t dea?2 & ! cata/rophe ( our planet1 :i*1 x is reveal$1 is to be de/roy$ & purifi$ by fire be=e x is fitt$ = ! habitation ( ! ble/1 is 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! view ,i h v5tur$ to sugge/4 ,eub4--,i _c make y\r notions co9cide ) :at ,i h be5 accu/om$ to consid] ! mean+ ( ,holy ,writ4 ,y all[ ev]y?+ belong+ to ! mat]ial life to be dep5d5t ^u ! organisation ( ! body1 & yet y imag9e ! _s aft] dea? clo!d ) a new body2 &1 9 ! sy/em ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 ?is body is r5d]$ happy or mis]able = actions committ$ by ano!r & ext9ct frame4 ,a p>ticul> organisation may impel to improp] & immoral gratification2 x does n appe> to me1 accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( et]nal ju/ice1 t ! body ( ! resurrection %\ld be puni%$ = crimes dep5d5t ^u a con=mation n[ dissolv$ & de/roy$4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,no?+ is m absurd1 ,i may say m impi\s1 ?an = man1 ) a k5 surr\nd$ by ! d5se mi/s ( s5se1 to reason respect+ ! decrees ( et]nal ju/ice4 ,y adopt "h ! same limit$ view t y embrac$ 9 reason+ aga9/ ! inde/ructibility ( ! s5ti5t pr9ciple 9 man f ! app>5t division ( ! liv+ pr9ciple 9 ! polypus1 n recollect+ t to prove a quality c be increas$ or exalt$ does n prove t x c be annihilat$4 ,if !re be1 :i* ,i ?9k _c be d\bt$1 a consci\sness ( good & evil con/antly belong+ to ! s5ti5t pr9ciple 9 man1 !n rew>ds & puni%m5ts naturally belong to acts ( ?is consci\sness1 to ob$i5ce1 or disob$i5ce2 & ! inde/ructibility ( ! s5ti5t be+ is necess>y to ! decrees ( et]nal ju/ice4 ,on y\r view1 ev5 9 ?is life1 j puni%m5ts = crimes w\ld be almo/ impossible2 = ! mat]ials ( :i* human be+s are compos$ *ange rapidly1 & 9 a few ye>s probably n an atom ( ! primitive /ructure rema9s yet ev5 ! mat]iali/ is oblig$ 9 old age to d p5ance = ! s9s ( 8 y\?1 & does n compla9 ( ! inju/ice ( 8 decrepit body1 entirely *ang$ & made /iff by "t1 suff]+ = ! intemp]ance ( 8 y\?ful flexible frame4 ,on my idea1 consci5ce is ! frame ( ! m9d1 fitt$ = its probation 9 mortality4 ,& ?is is 9 exact accordance ) ! f\ndations ( our religion1 ! ,div9e orig9 ( :i* is m>k$ no less by its hi/ory ?an its h>mony ) ! pr9ciples ( our nature4 ,ob$i5ce to its precepts n only prep>es = a bett] /ate ( exi/5ce 9 ano!r _w1 b is likewise calculat$ to make u happy "h4 ,we are con/antly taught to r5\nce s5sual pleasure & selfi% gratifications1 to =get our body & s5sible organs1 to associate our pleasures ) m9d1 to fix our affections ^u ! great ideal g5]alisation ( intellig5ce 9 ! "o ,supreme ,be+4 ,& t we are capable ( =m+ to ourselves an imp]fect idea ev5 ( ! inf9ite m9d is1 ,i ?9k1 a /rong presumption ( our own immortality1 & ( ! di/9ct relation :i* our f9ite k be>s to et]nal wisdom4 ,phil4--,i am pleas$ ) y\r views2 !y co9cide ) ^? ,i _h =m$ at ! "t my imag9ation 0 employ$ ^u ! vision ( ! ,colosaeum1 :i* ,i repeat$ to y1 & are n 9 opposition ) ! op9ions t ! cool judgm5t & s\nd & humble fai? ( ,ambrosio h l$ me s9ce to embrace4 ,! doctr9e ( ! mat]iali/s 0 always1 ev5 9 my y\?1 a cold1 heavy1 dull1 & insupportable doctr9e to me1 & necess>ily t5d+ to ,a!ism4 ,:5 ,i _h he>d1 ) disgu/1 9 ! dissect+-rooms ! plan ( ! physiologi/ ( ! gradual accretion ( matt]1 & its becom+ end[$ ) irritability1 rip5+ into s5sibility & acquir+ su* organs z 7 necess>y1 by its own inh]5t =ces1 & at la/ ris+ into intellectual exi/5ce1 a walk into ! gre5 fields or woods by ! banks ( riv]s br\ght back my feel+s f nature to ,god2 ,i saw 9 all ! p[]s ( matt] ! in/rum5ts ( ! ,deity2 ! sunbeams1 ! brea? ( ! zephyr1 awak5$ animation 9 =ms prep>$ by ,div9e intellig5ce to receive x2 ! ins5sate se$1 ! slumb]+ egg1 :i* 7 to be vivifi$1 appe>$ l ! new-born animal1 works ( a ,div9e m9d2 ,i saw love z ! creative pr9ciple 9 ! mat]ial _w1 & ?is love only z a ,div9e attribute4 ,!n1 my own m9d1 ,i felt connect$ ) new s5sations & indef9ite hopes1 a ?ir/ = immortality2 ! great names ( o!r ages & ( di/ant nations appe>$ to me to be /ill liv+ ar\nd me2 &1 ev5 9 ! fun]al monum5ts ( ! h]oic & ! great1 ,i saw1 z x 71 ! decree ( ! inde/ructibility ( m9d4 ,^! feel+s1 ?\gh g5]ally consid]$ z poetical1 yet1 ,i ?9k1 (f] a s\nd philosophical argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,9 all ! habits & in/9cts ( "y animals _! feel+s or movem5ts may be trac$ 9 intimate relation to _! improv$ p]fect /ate2 _! sports h always aff9ities to _! modes ( hunt+ or cat*+ _! food1 & "y birds1 ev5 9 ! ne/1 %[ m>ks ( fondness :i*1 :5 _! frames are develop$1 become signs ( actions necess>y to ! reproduction & pres]vation ( ! species4 ,! desire ( glory1 ( hon\r1 ( immortal fame1 & ( con/ant k1 s usual 9 "y p]sons ( well-con/itut$ m9ds1 _c1 ,i ?9k1 be o!r ?an symptoms ( ! inf9ite & progressive nature ( intellect--hopes :i*1 z !y _c be gratifi$ "h1 belong to a frame ( m9d suit$ to a nobl] /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,religion1 :e!r natural or reveal$1 has always ! same b5eficial influ5ce on ! m9d4 ,9 y\?1 9 heal?1 & prosp]ity1 x awak5s feel+s ( gratitude & sublime love1 & purifies at ! same "t t x exalts2 b x is 9 mis=tune1 9 sickness1 9 age1 t its effects are mo/ truly & b5eficially felt2 :5 submission 9 fai? & humble tru/ 9 ! ,div9e w1 f duties become pleasures1 undecay+ s\rces ( consolation2 !n x creates p[]s :i* 7 believ$ to be ext9ct1 & gives a fre%ness to ! m9d :i* 0 suppos$ to h pass$ away = ev]1 b :i* is n[ r5ovat$ z an immortal hope2 !n x is ! ,ph>os1 guid+ ! wave- to/ m>9] to 8 home1 z ! calm & beautiful /ill bas9s or fiords1 surr\nd$ by tranquil groves & pa/oral mead[s1 to ! ,norwegian pilot escap+ f a heavy /orm 9 ! nor? sea1 or z ! gre5 & dewy spot gu%+ ) f\nta9s to ! exhau/$ & ?ir/y travell] 9 ! mid/ ( ! des]t4 ,its influ5ce outlives all e>?ly enjoym5ts1 & becomes /rong] z ! organs decay & ! frame dissolves2 x appe>s z t ev5+ /> ( light 9 ! horizon ( life1 :i*1 we are sure1 is to become 9 ano!r season a morn+ />1 & x ?r[s its radiance ?r\gh ! gloom & %ad[ ( dea?4 ,,dialogue ,,! ,,fif?4 ,,! ,,*emical ,,philosoph]4 ,i _h be5 made religi\s by ! conv]sations ( ,ambrosio 9 ,italy2 my fai? 0 /r5g!n$ & exalt$ by ! op9ions ( ! ,unkn[n1 = :om ,i _h n m]ely t v5]ation awak5$ by exalt$ tal5ts1 b a /rong affection f\nd$ ^u ! ess5tial b5efit ( ! pres]vation ( my life ow+ to him4 ,i v5tur$1 ! ev5+ aft] our visit to ! cave ( ,adelsb]g1 to ask him "s que/ions relat+ to 8 hi/ory & adv5tures4 ,he said1 ,to attempt to give y any idea ( ! =mation ( my "* w\ld lead me into ! hi/ory ( my y\?1 :i* almo/ approa*es to a tale ( romance4 ,! s\rce ( ! little in=mation & intellig5ce ,i possess ,i mu/ ref] to a re/less activity ( _s1 a love ( glory :i* ev] belong$ to my infancy1 & a s5sibility easily excit$ & n easily conqu]$4 ,my p>5tage 0 humble1 yet ,i c believe a traditional hi/ory ( my pat]nal gr&mo!r1 t ! orig9 ( our family 0 f an old ,norman /ock2 ,i f\nd ?is belief ^u c]ta9 feel+s :i* ,i c only ref] to an h]$it>y s\rce1 a pride ( decorum1 a tact & ref9em5t ev5 9 boyhood1 & :i* are contradictory to ! idea ( an orig9 f a race ( peasants4 ,accid5t op5$ to me 9 e>ly y\? a philosophical c>e]1 :i* ,i pursu$ ) success4 ,9 manhood =tune smil$ ^u me & made me indep5d5t2 ,i !n really became a philosoph]1 & pursu$ my travels ) ! object ( in/ruct+ myself & ( b5efit+ mank9d4 ,i h se5 mo/ p>ts ( ,europe1 & conv]s$1 ,i believe1 ) all ! illu/ri\s m5 ( sci5ce belong+ to !m4 ,my life has n be5 unlike t ( ! anci5t ,greek sages4 ,i h add$ "s little to ! quantity ( human k1 & ,i h endeav\r$ to add some?+ to ! quantity ( human happ9ess4 ,9 my e>ly life ,i 0 a sceptic2 ,i h in=m$ y h[ ,i became a believ]1 & ,i con/antly bless ! ,supreme ,intellig5ce = ! fav\r ( "s gleams ( ,div9e light :i* h be5 v\*saf$ to me 9 ?is our /ate ( d>kness & d\bt4 ,phil4--,i am surpris$ t ) y\r p[]s y did n ent] into a pr(essional c>e] ei!r ( law or politics2 y w\ld h ga9$ ! highe/ hon\rs & di/9ctions4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,to me !re nev] has be5 a high] s\rce ( hon\r or di/9ction ?an t connect$ ) advances 9 sci5ce4 ,i h n possess$ en\gh ( ! eagle 9 my "* to make a direct flight to ! l(tie/ altitudes 9 ! social _w1 & ,i c]ta9ly nev] endeav\r$ to rea* ^? heights by us+ ! creep+ p[]s ( ! reptile :o1 9 asc5d+1 g5]ally *ooses ! dirtie/ pa?1 because x is ! easie/4 ,eub4--,i h (t5 wond]$ t m5 ( =tune & ( rank d n apply !mselves m to philosophical pursuits2 !y (f] a delightful & enviable road to di/9ction1 "o f\nd$ ^u ! bless+s & b5efits conf]r$ on our fell[-creatures2 !y d n supply ! same s\rces ( tempor>y popul>ity z successes 9 ! s5ate or at ! b>1 b ! glory result+ f !m is p]man5t & indep5d5t ( vulg> ta/e or caprice4 ,9 look+ back to ! hi/ory ( ! la/ five reigns 9 ,engl&1 we f9d ,boyles1 ,cav5di%es1 & ,h[>ds1 :o r5d]$ ^? great names m illu/ri\s by _! sci5tific hon\rs2 b we may 9 va9 se>* ! ari/ocracy n[ = philosoph]s1 & !re are v few p]sons :o pursue sci5ce ) true dignity2 x is foll[$ m z connect$ ) objects ( pr(it ?an ^? ( fame1 & !re are fifty p]sons :o take out pat5ts = suppos$ inv5tions = "o :o makes a real discov]y4 ,phil4--,! in=mation we h already receiv$ f y proves to me t *emi/ry has be5 y\r fav\rite pursuit4 ,i am surpris$ at ?is4 ,! high]-ma!matics & pure physics appe> to me to (f] mu* m noble objects ( contemplation & fields ( discov]y1 &1 practically consid]$1 ! results ( ! *emi/ are mu* m humble1 belong+ pr9cipally to ! apo!c>y's %op & ! kit*54 ,eub4--,i feel dispos$ to jo9 y 9 attack+ ?is fav\rite /udy ( our fri5d1 b m]ely to provoke him to def5d x4 ,i wi% our attack w\ld induce him to v9dicate 8 sci5ce1 & t we might enjoy a little ( ! sport ( lit]>y gladiators1 at lea/1 9 ord] to call =? 8 skill & awak5 8 eloqu5ce4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i h no objection4 ,let !re be a fair discussion2 rememb] we fight only ) foils1 & ! po9t ( m9e %all be cov]$ ) velvet4 ,9 y\r attack ^u *emi/ry1 ,philale!s1 y limit$ ! use ( x to ! apo!c>y's %op & ! kit*54 ,! fir/ is an equivocal use2 by introduc+ x into ! kit*5 y make x an art fundam5tal to all o!rs4 ,b if :at y _h /at$ _h really meant to be s]i\s1 x w\ld n h des]v$ a reply2 z x is 9 m]e playfulness1 x %all n be ?r[n away4 ,i want eloqu5ce1 h[ev]1 to adorn my subject1 yet x is suffici5tly excit+ ev5 to awak5 feel+4 ,p]sons 9 g5]al look at ! magnific5t fabric ( civiliz$ society z ! result ( ! accumulat$ lab\r1 +5uity1 & ent]prise ( man ?r\gh a long c\rse ( ages1 )\t attempt+ to def9e :at has be5 ow+ to ! diff]5t bran*es ( human indu/ry & sci5ce2 & usually attribute to politicians1 /atesm51 & w>riors a mu* great] %>e ?an really belongs to !m 9 ! "w3 :at !y h done is 9 reality little4 ,! beg9n+ ( civilization is ! discov]y ( "s useful arts by :i* m5 acquire prop]ty1 com=ts1 or luxuries4 ,! necessity or desire ( pres]v+ !m leads to laws & social in/itutions4 ,! discov]y ( peculi> arts gives sup]iority to p>ticul> nations2 & ! love ( p[] induces !m to employ ?is sup]iority to subjugate o!r nations1 :o le>n _! arts1 & ultimately adopt _! mann]s2 s t 9 reality ! orig91 z well z ! progress & improvem5t1 ( civil society is f\nd$ 9 me*anical & *emical inv5tions4 ,no p h ev] arriv$ at any degree ( p]fection 9 _! in/itutions :o h n possess$ 9 a high degree ! useful & ref9$ arts4 ,! comp>ison ( savage & civiliz$ man1 9 fact1 demon/rates ! triumph ( *emical & me*anical philosophy z ! causes n only ( ! physical1 b ultimately ev5 ( moral improvem5t4 ,look at ! condition ( man 9 ! l[e/ /ate 9 :i* we are acqua9t$ ) him4 ,take ! native ( ,new ,holl&1 advanc$ only a few /eps above ! animal creation1 & t pr9cipally by ! use ( fire2 nak$1 def5d+ himself aga9/ wild bea/s or kill+ !m = food only by weapons made ( wood h>d5$ 9 ! fire1 or po9t$ ) /ones or fi% bones2 liv+ only 9 holes dug out ( ! e>?1 or 9 huts rudely con/ruct$ ( a few bran*es ( trees cov]$ ) grass2 hav+ no approa* to ! enjoym5t ( luxuries or ev5 com=ts2 unable to provide = 8 mo/ press+ wants2 hav+ a language sc>cely articulate1 relat+ only to ! great objects ( nature1 or to 8 mo/ press+ necessities or desires1 & liv+ solit>y or 9 s+le families1 unacqua9t$ ) religion1 gov]nm5t1 or laws1 submitt$ to ! m]cy ( nature or ! elem5ts4 ,h[ diff]5t is man 9 8 highe/ /ate ( cultivation2 e "p ( 8 body cov]$ ) ! products ( diff]5t *emical & me*anical arts made n only useful 9 protect+ him f ! inclem5cy ( ! seasons b comb9$ 9 =ms ( beauty & v>iety2 creat+ out ( ! du/ ( ! e>? f ! clay "u 8 feet in/rum5ts ( use & ornam5t2 extract+ metals f ! rude ore & giv+ to !m a hundr$ diff]5t %apes = a ?\s& diff]5t purposes2 select+ & improv+ ! vegetable productions ) :i* he cov]s ! e>?2 n only subdu+ b tam+ & dome/icat+ ! wilde/1 ! fleete/1 & ! /ronge/ inhabitants ( ! wood1 ! m\nta91 & ! air2 mak+ ! w9ds c>ry him on e "p ( ! imm5se ocean2 & compell+ ! elem5ts ( air1 wat]1 & ev5 fire z x 7 to lab\r = him2 conc5trat+ 9 small space mat]ials :i* act z ! ?und]bolt1 & direct+ _! en]gies s z to de/roy at imm5se di/ances2 bla/+ ! rock1 remov+ ! m\nta91 c>ry+ wat] f ! valley to ! hill2 p]petuat+ ?\ght 9 imp]i%able words1 r5d]+ immortal ! ex]tion ( g5ius1 & pres5t+ !m z common prop]ty to all awak5+ m9ds1 becom+ z x 7 ! true image ( div9e intellig5ce receiv+ & be/[+ ! brea? ( life 9 ! influ5ce ( civilization4 ,eub4--,really y are 9 ! poetical1 n ! *emical *air1 or r on ! tripod4 ,we claim f y "s accuracy ( detail1 "s m9ute in=mation1 "s pro(s ( :at y ass]t4 ,:at y attribute to ! *emical & me*anical arts1 we might ) ! same propriety attribute to ! f9e arts1 to lett]s1 to political improvem5t1 & to ^? inv5tions ( :i* ,m9]va & ,apollo & n ,vulcan are ! patrons4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i w be m m9ute4 ,y w all[ t ! r5d]+ sk9s insoluble 9 wat] by comb9+ ) !m ! a/r+5t pr9ciple ( c]ta9 vegetables is a *emical inv5tion1 & t )\t lea!r1 our %oes1 our c>riages1 our equipages w\ld be v ill made2 y w p]mit me to say1 t ! blea*+ & dy+ ( wool & silk1 cotton1 & flax1 are *emical processes1 & t ! conv]sion ( !m into diff]5t clo!s is a me*anical inv5tion2 t ! work+ ( iron1 copp]1 t91 & lead1 & ! o!r metals1 & ! comb9+ !m 9 diff]5t alloys by :i* almo/ all ! in/rum5ts necess>y = ! turn]1 ! jo9]1 ! /one-mason1 ! %ip-build]1 & ! smi? are made1 are *emical inv5tions2 ev5 ! press1 to ! influ5ce ( :i* ,i am dispos$ to attribute z mu* z y c d1 c\ld n h exi/$ 9 any /ate ( p]fection )\t a metallic alloy2 ! comb9+ ( alkali & s&1 & c]ta9 clays & fl9ts toge!r to =m glass & porcela9 is a *emical process2 ! col\rs :i* ! arti/ employs to frame resemblances ( natural objects1 or to create comb9ations m beautiful ?an ev] exi/$ 9 ,nature1 are d]iv$ f *emi/ry2 9 %ort1 9 e bran* ( ! common & f9e arts1 9 e dep>tm5t ( human indu/ry1 ! influ5ce ( ?is sci5ce is felt1 & we may f9d 9 ! fable ( ,prome!us tak+ ! flame f heav5 to animate 8 man ( clay an emblem ( ! effects ( fire 9 its application to *emical purposes 9 creat+ ! activity & almo/ ! life ( civil society4 ,phil4--,x appe>s to me t y attribute to sci5ce :at 9 _m cases has be5 ! result ( accid5t4 ,! processes ( mo/ ( ! useful arts1 :i* y call *emical1 h be5 inv5t$ & improv$ )\t any ref9$ views1 )\t any g5]al sy/em ( k4 ,lucretius attributes to accid5t ! discov]y ( ! fusion ( ! metals2 a p]son 9 t\*+ a %ell-fi% obs]ves t x emits a purple liquid z a dye1 h5ce ! ,tyrian purple2 clay is obs]v$ to h>d5 9 ! fire1 & h5ce ! inv5tion ( bricks1 :i* c\ld h>dly fail ultimately to lead to ! discov]y ( porcela92 ov5 glass1 ! mo/ p]fect & beautiful ( ^? manufactures y call *emical1 is said to h be5 discov]$ by accid5t2 ,!ophra/us /ates t "s m]*ants :o 7 cook+ on lumps ( soda or natron1 ne> ! m\? ( ! riv] ,belus1 obs]v$ t a h>d & vitre\s sub/ance 0 =m$ :]e ! fus$ natron ran into ! s&4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i w readily all[ t accid5t has _h mu* to d ) ! orig9 ( ! arts z ) ! progress ( ! sci5ces4 ,b x has be5 by sci5tific processes & exp]im5ts t ^! accid5tal results h be5 r5d]$ really applicable to ! purposes ( common life4 ,besides1 x requires a c]ta9 degree ( k & sci5tific comb9ation to und]/& & seize ^u ! facts :i* h orig9at$ 9 accid5t4 ,x is c]ta9 t 9 all fires alkal9e sub/ances & s& are fus$ toge!r1 & clay h>d5$2 yet = ages aft] ?is discov]y ( fire1 glass & porcela9 7 unkn[n till "s m5 ( g5ius pr(it$ by sci5tific comb9ation (t5 obs]v$ b nev] appli$4 ,x suits ! indol5ce ( ^? m9ds :i* nev] attempt any?+1 & :i* probably if !y did attempt any?+ w\ld n succe$1 to ref] to accid5t t :i* belongs to g5ius4 ,x is sometimes said by su* p]sons1 t ! discov]y ( ! law ( gravitation 0 ow+ to accid5t3 & a ridicul\s /ory is told ( ! fall+ ( an apple z ! cause ( ?is discov]y4 ,z well might ! inv5tion ( fluxions or ! ar*itectural wond]s ( ! dome ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 or ! miracles ( art ! ,/4 ,john ( ,raphael or ! ,apollo ,belvid]e1 be suppos$ to be ow+ to accid5tal comb9ations4 ,9 ! progress ( an art1 f its rude/ to its m p]fect /ate1 ! :ole process dep5ds ^u exp]im5ts4 ,sci5ce is 9 fact no?+ m ?an ! ref9em5t ( common s5se mak+ use ( facts already kn[n to acquire new facts4 ,clays :i* are yell[ are kn[n to burn r$2 calc>e\s e>? r5d]s fl9t fusible--! p]sons :o h improv$ e>!nw>e made _! selections accord+ly4 ,iron 0 discov]$ at lea/ "o ?\s& ye>s be=e x 0 r5d]$ malleable2 & f :at ,h]odotus says ( ?is discov]y1 !re c be little d\bt t x 0 develop$ by a sci5tific work] 9 metals4 ,vitruvius tells u t ! c]uleum1 a col\r made ( copp]1 :i* exi/s 9 p]fection 9 all ! old pa9t+s ( ! ,greeks & ,romans & on ! mummies ( ! ,egyptians1 0 discov]$ by an ,egyptian k+2 !re is !re=e e reason to believe t x 0 n ! result ( accid5tal comb9ation1 b ( exp]im5ts made = produc+ or improv+ col\rs4 ,among/ ! anci5t philosoph]s1 _m discov]ies are attribut$ to ,democritus & ,anaxagoras2 &1 connect$ ) *emical arts1 ! n>rative ( ! inv5tions ( ,ar*im$es alone1 by ,plut>*1 w\ld seem to %[ h[ great is ! effect ( sci5ce 9 creat+ p[]4 ,9 mod]n times1 ! ref9+ ( sug>1 ! prep>ation ( nitre1 ! manufactur+ ( acids1 salts1 c41 are all results ( pure *emi/ry4 ,take gunp[d] z a specim52 no p]son b a man inf9itely div]sify+ 8 processes & guid$ by analogy c\ld h made su* a discov]y4 ,look into ! books ( ! al*emi/s1 & "s idea may be =m$ ( ! effects ( exp]im5ts4 ,x is true1 ^! p]sons 7 guid$ by false views1 yet !y made mo/ useful rese>*es2 & ,"l ,bacon has ju/ly comp>$ !m to ! husb&man :o1 se>*+ = an imag9>y treasure1 f]tilis$ ! soil4 ,!y might likewise be comp>$ to p]sons :o1 look+ = gold1 discov] ! fragm5ts ( beautiful /atues1 :i* sep>ately are ( no value1 & :i* appe> ( little value to ! p]sons :o f\nd !m2 b :i*1 :5 select$ & put toge!r by arti/s & _! defective p>ts suppli$1 are f\nd to be wond]fully p]fect & wor?y ( cons]vation4 ,look to ! progress ( ! arts s9ce !y h be5 enlight5$ by a sy/em ( sci5ce1 & obs]ve ) :at rapidity !y h advanc$4 ,aga91 ! /eam-eng9e 9 its rude/ =m 0 ! result ( a *emical exp]im5t2 9 its ref9$ /ate x requir$ ! comb9ations ( all ! mo/ recondite pr9ciples ( *emi/ry & me*anics1 & t excell5t philosoph] :o has giv5 ?is wond]ful in/rum5t ( p[] to civil society 0 l$ to ! great improvem5ts he made by ! discov]ies ( a k9dr$ g5ius on ! heat absorb$ :5 wat] becomes /eam1 & ( ! heat evolv$ :5 /eam becomes wat]4 ,ev5 ! mo/ sup]ficial obs]v] mu/ all[ 9 ?is case a triumph ( sci5ce1 = :at a wond]ful impulse has ?is inv5tion giv5 to ! progress ( ! arts & manufactories 9 our c\ntry1 h[ mu* has x dim9i%$ lab\r1 h[ mu* has x increas$ ! real /r5g? ( ! c\ntry6 ,act+ z x 7 ) a ?\s& h&s1 x has multipli$ our active population2 & receiv+ its elem5ts ( activity f ! b[els ( ! e>?1 x p]=ms op]ations :i* =m]ly 7 pa9ful1 oppressive1 & unheal?y to ! lab\r]s1 ) regul>ity & con/ancy1 & gives security & precision to ! ef=ts ( ! manufactur]4 ,& ! inv5tions connect$ ) ! /eam-eng9e1 at ! same "t t !y h greatly dim9i%$ lab\r ( body1 h t5d$ to increase p[] ( m9d & intellectual res\rces4 ,adam ,smi? well obs]ves t manufactur]s are always m +5i\s ?an husb&m52 & manufactur]s :o use ma*9]y w probably always be f\nd m +5i\s ?an h&icraft manufactur]s4 ,y spoke ( porcela9 z a result ( accid5t2 ! improvem5ts inv5t$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 z well z ^? made 9 ,g]many & ,france1 h be5 entirely ! result ( *emical exp]im5ts2 ! ,dresd5 & ! ,sevres manufactories h be5 ! "w ( m5 ( sci5ce1 & x 0 by multiply+ 8 *emical rese>*es t ,w$gewood 0 enabl$ to produce at s *eap a rate ^? beautiful imitations :i* :ile !y surpass ! anci5t vases 9 solidity & p]fection ( mat]ial1 equal !m 9 elegance1 v>iety1 & ta/eful arrangem5t ( _! =ms4 ,9 ano!r dep>tm5t1 ! use ( ! electrical conductor 0 a pure sci5tific comb9ation1 & ! sublimity ( ! discov]y ( ! ,am]ican philosoph] 0 only equall$ by ! happy application he imm$iately made ( x4 ,9 our own times x w\ld be easy to po9t out num]\s in/ances 9 :i* great improvem5ts & b5eficial results connect$ ) ! com=ts1 ! happ9ess1 & ev5 life ( our fell[ creatures h be5 ! results ( sci5tific comb9ations2 b ,i _c d ?is )\t con/itut+ myself a judge ( ! works ( philosoph]s :o are /ill alive1 ^: rese>*es are kn[n1 ^: lab\rs are respect$1 & :o w receive f po/]ity praises t _! contempor>ies h>dly d>e to be/[ ^u !m4 ,eub4--,we w all[ t y h %[n 9 _m cases ! utility ( sci5tific inve/igation z connect$ ) ! progress ( ! useful arts4 ,b1 9 g5]al1 bo? ! pr9ciples ( *emi/ry are foll[$1 & s]ies ( exp]im5ts p]=m$ )\t any view to utility2 & a great noise is made if a new metal or a new sub/ance is discov]$1 or if "s ab/ract$ law is made kn[n relat+ to ! ph5om5a ( nature2 yet1 among/ ! v>iety ( new sub/ances1 few h be5 appli$ to any trifl+ use ev51 & ! great] numb] h _h no application at all4 ,& ) respect to ! g5]al views ( ! sci5ce1 x w\ld be difficult to %[ t any real good _h result$ f ! discov]y or ext5sion ( !m4 ,x does n add mu* to ! dignity ( a pursuit t ^? p]sons :o h foll[$ x = pr(it h really be5 mo/ useful1 & t ! m]e artisan or *emical manufactur] has done m = society ?an ! *emical philosoph]4 ,besides1 x has always appe>$ to me t x is 9 ! nature ( ?is sci5ce to enc\rage m$iocrity & to atta* importance to insignificant ?+s2 v slight *emical lab\rs seem to give p]sons a claim to ! title ( philosoph]--to h dissolv$ a few gra9s ( *alk 9 an acid1 to h %[n t a v useless /one conta9s c]ta9 kn[n +r$i5ts1 or t ! col\r+ matt] ( a fl[] is soluble 9 acid & n 9 alkali1 is ?\ght by "s a f\ndation = *emical celebrity4 ,i once began to att5d a c\rse ( *emical lectures & to read ! j\rnals conta9+ ! ephem]al productions ( ?is sci5ce2 ,i 0 dissatisfi$ ) ! nature ( ! evid5ce :i* ! pr(essor adopt$ 9 8 demon/rations1 & disgu/$ ) ! s]ies ( obs]vations & exp]im5ts :i* 7 br\ght =w>d "o mon? to be ov]turn$ ! next4 ,9 ,novemb] !re 0 a ,z+eb]ic acid1 :i* 9 ,janu>y 0 %[n to h no exi/5ce2 "o ye> !re 0 a vegetable acid1 :i* ! next 0 %[n to be ! same z an acid kn[n ?irty ye>s ago2 to- day a man 0 celebrat$ = hav+ discov]$ a new metal or a new alkali1 & !y fl\ri%$ l ! sc5es 9 a new pantomime only to disappe>4 ,!n1 ! great object ( ! hundr$ trifl]s 9 ! sci5ce appe>$ to be to de/roy ! reputation ( ! ?ree or f\r great m5 ^: lab\rs 7 really useful1 & _h 9 !m some?+ ( dignity4 ,&1 !re n be+ en\gh ( trifl+ results or false exp]im5ts to fill up ! pages ( ! mon?ly j\rnals1 ! defici5cy 0 suppli$ by "s crude !ories or speculations ( unkn[n p]sons1 or by "s ill- judg$ c5sure or p>tial praise ( ! editor4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i d5y 9 toto ! accuracy ( :at y are advanc+4 ,i h already %[n t real philosoph]s1 n lab\r+ = pr(it1 h done mu* by _! own inv5tions = ! useful arts2 &1 among/ ! new sub/ances discov]$1 _m h _h imm$iate & v important applications4 ,! *lor9e1 or oxymuriatic gas ( ,s*eele1 0 sc>cely kn[n be=e x 0 appli$ by ,b]?ollet to blea*+2 sc>cely 0 muriatic acid gas discov]$ by ,prie/ley1 :5 ,guyton de ,morveau us$ x = de/roy+ contagion4 ,consid] ! v>i$ & div]sifi$ applications ( plat9um1 :i* has ow$ its exi/5ce z a useful metal entirely to ! lab\rs ( an illu/ri\s *emical philosoph]2 look at ! beautiful yell[ af=d$ by "o ( ! new metals1 *rome2 consid] ! m$ical effects ( iod9e 9 "s ( ! mo/ pa9ful & disgu/+ maladies belong+ to human nature1 & rememb] h[ %ort a "t inve/igations h be5 made = apply+ ! new sub/ances4 ,besides1 ! me*anical or *emical manufactur] has r>ely discov]$ any?+2 he has m]ely appli$ :at ! philosoph] has made kn[n1 he has m]ely work$ ^u ! mat]ials furni%$ to him4 ,we h no hi/ory ( ! mann] 9 :i* iron 0 r5d]$ malleable2 b we "k t plat9um c\ld only h be5 work$ by a p]son ( ! mo/ ref9$ *emical res\rces1 :o made multipli$ exp]im5ts ^u x aft] ! mo/ +5i\s & pr(\nd views4 ,b1 waiv+ all common utility1 all vulg> applications1 !re is some?+ 9 kn[+ & und]/&+ ! op]ation ( ,nature1 "s pleasure 9 contemplat+ ! ord] & h>mony ( ! arrangem5ts belong+ to ! t]re/rial sy/em ( ?+s4 ,!re is no absolute utility 9 poetry1 b x gives pleasure1 ref9es & exalts ! m9d4 ,philosophic pursuits h likewise a noble & indep5d5t use ( ?is k9d1 & !re is a d\ble reason (f]$ = pursu+ !m1 = :il/ 9 _! sublime speculations !y rea* to ! heav5s1 9 _! application !y belong to ! e>?2 :il/ !y exalt ! intellect1 !y provide food = our common wants1 & likewise m9i/] to ! noble/ appetites & mo/ exalt$ views belong+ to our nature4 ,! results ( ?is sci5ce are n l ! temples ( ! anci5ts1 9 :i* /atues ( ! gods 7 plac$1 :]e inc5se 0 (f]$ & sacrifices 7 p]=m$1 & :i* 7 pres5t$ to ! adoration ( ! multitude f\nd$ ^u sup]/iti\s feel+s2 b !y are r l ! palaces ( ! mod]ns1 to be admir$ & us$1 & :]e ! /atues1 :i* 9 ! anci5ts rais$ feel+s ( adoration & awe1 n[ produce only feel+s ( pleasure1 & gratify a ref9$ ta/e4 ,x is surely a pure delight to "k h[ & by :at processes ?is e>? is clo!d ) v]dure & life1 h[ ! cl\ds1 mi/s1 & ra9 are =m$1 :at causes all ! *anges ( ?is t]re/rial sy/em ( ?+s1 & by :at div9e laws ord] is pres]v$ amid/ app>5t confusion4 ,x is a sublime occupation to inve/igate ! cause ( ! tempe/ & ! volcano1 & to po9t out _! use 9 ! economy ( ?+s1 to br+ ! lightn+ f ! cl\ds & make x subs]vi5t to our exp]im5ts1 to produce1 z x 71 a microcosm 9 ! laboratory ( art1 & to measure & weigh ^? invisible atoms :i*1 by _! motions & *anges accord+ to laws impress$ ^u !m by ! ,div9e ,intellig5ce1 con/itute ! univ]se ( ?+s4 ,! true *emical philosoph] sees good 9 all ! div]sifi$ =ms ( ! ext]nal _w4 ,:il/ he inve/igates ! op]ations ( inf9ite p[] guid$ by inf9ite wisdom1 all l[ prejudices1 all mean sup]/itions1 disappe> f 8 m9d4 ,he sees man an atom amid/ atoms fix$ ^u a po9t 9 space1 & yet modify+ ! laws t are ar\nd him by und]/&+ !m1 & ga9+1 z x 71 a k9d ( dom9ion ov] "t & an empire 9 mat]ial space1 & ex]t+ on a scale inf9itely small a p[] seem+ a sort ( %ad[ or reflection ( a creative en]gy1 & :i* entitles him to ! di/9ction ( be+ made 9 ! image ( ,god & animat$ by a sp>k ( ! ,div9e ,m9d4 ,:il/ *emical pursuits exalt ! und]/&+1 !y d n depress ! imag9ation or weak5 g5u9e feel+2 :il/ !y give ! m9d habits ( accuracy by oblig+ x to att5d to facts1 !y likewise ext5d its analogies1 & ?\gh conv]sant ) ! m9ute =ms ( ?+s1 !y h = _! ultimate end ! great & magnific5t objects ( ,nature4 ,!y reg>d ! =mation ( a cry/al1 ! /ructure ( a pebble1 ! nature ( a clay or e>?2 & !y apply to ! causes ( ! div]sity ( our m\nta9 *a9s1 ! appe>ances ( ! w9ds1 ?und]/orms1 meteors1 ! e>?quake1 ! volcano1 & all ^? ph5om5a :i* (f] ! mo/ /rik+ images to ! poet & ! pa9t]4 ,!y keep alive t inext+ui%able ?ir/ aft] k :i* is "o ( ! greate/ *>act]i/ics ( our nature1 = e discov]y op5s a new field = inve/igation ( facts1 %[s u ! imp]fection ( our !ories4 ,x has ju/ly be5 said t ! great] ! circle ( light1 ! great] ! b\nd>y ( d>kness by :i* x is surr\nd$4 ,?is /rictly applies to *emical inquiries1 & h5ce !y are wond]fully suit$ to ! progressive nature ( ! human intellect1 :i* by its increas+ ef=ts to acquire a high] k9d ( wisdom1 & a /ate 9 :i* tru? is fully & brightly reveal$1 seems1 z x 71 to demon/rate its bir?right to immortality4 ,eub4--,i am glad t our opposition has l$ y to s complete a v9dication ( y\r fav\rite sci5ce4 ,i want no fur!r pro( ( its utility4 ,i regret t ,i h n be=e made x a p>ticul> object ( /udy4 ,phil4--,z our fri5d has s fully conv9c$ u ( ! importance ( *emi/ry1 ,i hope he w desc5d to "s p>ticul>s z to its real nature1 its objects1 its in/rum5ts4 ,i w\ld will+ly h a def9ition ( *emi/ry & "s idea ( ! qualifications necess>y to become a *emi/1 & ( ! app>atus ess5tial = und]/&+ :at has be5 already done 9 ! sci5ce1 & = pursu+ new inquiries4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,!re is no?+ m difficult ?an a good def9ition1 = x is sc>cely possible to express 9 a few words ! ab/ract$ view ( an inf9ite v>iety ( facts4 ,dr4 ,black has def9$ *emi/ry to be t sci5ce :i* treats ( ! *anges produc$ 9 bodies by motions ( _! ultimate p>ticles or atoms1 b ?is def9ition is hypo!tical1 = ! ultimate p>ticles or atoms are m]e creations ( ! imag9ation4 ,i w give y a def9ition1 :i* w h ! m]it ( novelty & :i* is probably g5]al 9 its application4 ,*emi/ry relates to ^? op]ations by :i* ! intimate nature ( bodies is *ang$1 or by :i* !y acquire new prop]ties4 ,?is def9ition w n only apply to ! effects ( mixture1 b to ! ph5om5a ( electricity1 &1 9 %ort1 to all ! *anges :i* d n m]ely dep5d ^u ! motion or division ( masses ( matt]4 ,h[ev] difficult x may h be5 to h giv5 y a def9ition ( *emi/ry1 x is /ill m difficult to give y a detail ( all ! qualities necess>y = a *emical philosoph]4 ,i w n "n z _m z ,a!naeus has nam$ = a cook1 :o1 he says1 ought to be a ma!matician1 a !oretical musician1 a natural philosoph]1 a natural hi/orian1 c41 ?\gh y _h a disposition j n[ to make *emi/ry m]ely subs]vi5t to ! uses ( ! kit*54 ,b ,i w s]i\sly m5tion "s ( ! /udies fundam5tal to ! high] dep>tm5ts ( ?is sci5ce2 a man may be a good practical *emi/ p]haps )\t possess+ !m1 b he nev] c become a great *emical philosoph]4 ,! p]son :o wi%es to und]/& ! high] dep>tm5ts ( *emi/ry1 or to pursue !m 9 _! mo/ int]e/+ relations to ! economy ( ,nature1 ought to be well-gr\nd$ 9 elem5t>y ma!matics2 he w (t5] h to ref] to ari?metic ?an algebra1 & to algebra ?an to geometry4 ,b all ^! sci5ces l5d _! aid to *emi/ry2 ari?metic1 9 det]m9+ ! proportions ( analytical results & ! relative weights ( ! elem5ts ( bodies2 algebra1 9 asc]ta9+ ! laws ( ! pressure ( ela/ic fluids1 ! =ce ( vap\r z dep5d5t ^u temp]ature1 & ! effects ( masses & surfaces on ! communication & radiation ( heat2 ! applications ( geometry are pr9cipally limit$ to ! det]m9ation ( ! cry/all9e =ms ( bodies1 :i* con/itute ! mo/ important type ( _! nature1 & (t5 (f] useful h9ts = analytical rese>*es respect+ _! composition4 ,! fir/ pr9ciples ( natural philosophy or g5]al physics ought n to be entirely unkn[n to ! *emi/4 ,z ! mo/ active ag5ts are fluids1 ela/ic fluids1 heat1 light1 & electricity1 he ought to h a g5]al k ( me*anics1 hydrodynamics1 pneumatics1 optics1 & electricity4 ,lat9 & ,greek among ! dead & ,fr5* among ! mod]n languages are necess>y1 &1 z ! mo/ important aft] ,fr5*1 ,g]man & ,italian4 ,9 natural hi/ory & 9 lit]ature :at belongs to a lib]al education1 su* z t ( our univ]sities1 is all t is requir$2 inde$1 a "y man :o has p]=m$ ! ord9>y c\rse ( college /udies :i* are suppos$ fitt$ = common life & = ref9$ society1 has all ! prelim9>y k necess>y to comm5ce ! /udy ( *emi/ry4 ,! app>atus ess5tial to ! mod]n *emical philosoph] is mu* less bulky & exp5sive ?an t us$ by ! anci5ts4 ,an air pump1 an electrical ma*9e1 a voltaic batt]y 7all ( :i* may be ^u a small scale71 a bl[-pipe app>atus1 a bell[s & =ge1 a m]curial & wat]-gas app>atus1 cups & bas9s ( plat9um & glass1 & ! common reag5ts ( *emi/ry1 are :at are requir$4 ,all ! implem5ts absolutely necess>y may be c>ri$ 9 a small trunk1 & "s ( ! be/ & mo/ ref9$ rese>*es ( mod]n *emi/s h be5 made by means ( an app>atus :i* might ) ease be conta9$ 9 a small travell+ c>riage1 & ! exp5se ( :i* is only a few p\nds4 ,! facility ) :i* *emical inquiries are c>ri$ on1 & ! simplicity ( ! app>atus1 (f] additional reasons1 to ^? ,i h already giv51 = ! pursuit ( ?is sci5ce4 ,x is n injuri\s to ! heal?2 ! mod]n *emi/ is n l ! anci5t "o1 :o pass$ ! great] "p ( 8 "t expos$ to ! heat & smoke ( a furnace & ! un:olesome vap\rs ( acids & alkalies & o!r m5/rua1 ( :i*1 = a s+le exp]im5t1 he consum$ sev]al p\nds4 ,8 processes may be c>ri$ on 9 ! draw+-room1 & "s ( !m are no less beautiful 9 appe>ance ?an satisfactory 9 _! results4 ,x 0 said1 by an au?or belong+ to ! la/ c5tury1 ( al*emy1 t its beg9n+ 0 deceit1 its progress lab\r1 & its end begg>y4 ,x may be said ( mod]n *emi/ry1 t its beg9n+ is pleasure1 its progress k1 & its objects tru? & utility4 ,i h spok5 ( ! sci5tific atta9m5ts necess>y = ! *emical philosoph]2 ,i w say a few words ( ! intellectual qualities necess>y = discov]y or = ! advancem5t ( ! sci5ce4 ,among/ !m pati5ce1 indu/ry1 & neatness 9 manipulation1 & accuracy & m9ut5ess 9 obs]v+ & regi/]+ ! ph5om5a :i* occur1 are ess5tial4 ,a /eady h& & a quick eye are mo/ useful auxili>ies2 b !re h be5 v few great *emi/s :o h pres]v$ ^! advantages ?r\gh life2 = ! bus9ess ( ! laboratory is (t5 a s]vice ( dang]1 & ! elem5ts1 l ! refractory spirits ( romance1 ?\gh ! ob$i5t slave ( ! magician1 yet sometimes escape ! influ5ce ( 8 talisman & endang] 8 p]son4 ,bo? ! h&s & eyes ( o!rs1 h[ev]1 may be sometimes advantage\sly made use (4 ,by (t5 repeat+ a process or an obs]vation1 ! errors connect$ ) ha/y op]ations or imp]fect views are annihilat$2 &1 provid$ ! assi/ant has no preconceiv$ notions ( 8 own1 & is ignorant ( ! object ( 8 employ] 9 mak+ ! exp]im5t1 8 simple & b>e detail ( facts w (t5 be ! be/ f\ndation = an op9ion4 ,) respect to ! high] qualities ( intellect necess>y = und]/&+ & develop+ ! g5]al laws ( ! sci5ce1 ! same tal5ts ,i believe are requir$ z = mak+ advancem5t 9 e o!r dep>tm5t ( human k2 ,i ne$ n be v m9ute4 ,! imag9ation mu/ be active & brilliant 9 seek+ analogies2 yet entirely "u ! influ5ce ( ! judgm5t 9 apply+ !m4 ,! memory mu/ be ext5sive & pr(\nd2 r1 h[ev]1 call+ up g5]al views ( ?+s ?an m9ute tra9s ( ?\ght4 ,! m9d mu/ n be1 l an encyclop$ia1 a bur!n ( k1 b r a critical diction>y :i* ab\nds 9 g5]alities1 & po9ts out :]e m m9ute in=mation may be obta9$4 ,9 detail+ ! results ( exp]im5ts & 9 giv+ !m to ! _w1 ! *emical philosoph] %\ld adopt ! simple/ /yle & mann]2 he w avoid all ornam5ts z some?+ injuri\s to 8 subject1 & %\ld be> 9 m9d ! say+ ( ! fir/ k+ ( ,great ,brita9 respect+ a s]mon :i* 0 excell5t 9 doctr9e b ov]*>g$ ) poetical allusions & figurative language1 t ! tropes & metaphors ( ! speak] 7 l ! brilliant wild fl[]s 9 a field ( corn--v pretty1 b :i* did v mu* hurt ! corn4 ,9 ann\nc+ ev5 ! greate/ & mo/ important discov]ies1 ! true philosoph] w communicate 8 details ) mode/y & res]ve2 he w r be a useful s]vant ( ! public1 br++ =? a light f "u 8 cloak :5 x is ne$$ 9 d>kness1 ?an a *>latan exhibit+ fireworks & hav+ a trumpet] to ann\nce _! magnific5ce4 ,i see y are smil+1 & ?9k :at ,i am say+ 9 bad ta/e2 yet1 not)/&+1 ,i w provoke y\r smiles /ill fur!r by say+ a ^w or two on 8 o!r moral qualities4 ,t he %\ld be humble-m9d$1 y w readily all[1 & a dilig5t se>*] aft] tru?1 & nei!r div]t$ f ?is great object by ! love ( transi5t glory or tempor>y popul>ity1 look+ r to ! op9ion ( ages ?an to t ( a day1 & seek+ to be rememb]$ & nam$ r 9 ! epo*as ( hi/orians ?an 9 ! columns ( newspap] writ]s or j\rnali/s4 ,he %\ld resemble ! mod]n geometricians 9 ! greatness ( 8 views & ! pr(\ndness ( 8 rese>*es1 & ! anci5t al*emi/s 9 indu/ry & piety4 ,i d n mean t he %\ld affix writt5 pray]s & inscriptions ( recomm5dations ( 8 processes to ,provid5ce1 z 0 ! cu/om ( ,pet] ,wolfe1 & :o 0 alive 9 my e>ly days1 b 8 m9d %\ld always be awake to devotional feel+1 & 9 contemplat+ ! v>iety & ! beauty ( ! ext]nal _w1 & develop+ its sci5tific wond]s1 he w always ref] to t inf9ite wisdom ?r\gh ^: b5efic5ce he is p]mitt$ to enjoy k2 &1 9 becom+ wis]1 he w become bett]1 he w rise at once 9 ! scale ( intellectual & moral exi/5ce1 8 increas$ sagacity w be subs]vi5t to a m exalt$ fai?1 & 9 proportion z ! veil becomes ?9n] ?r\gh :i* he sees ! causes ( ?+s he w admire m ! brightness ( ! div9e light by :i* !y are r5d]$ visible4 ,,dialogue ,,! ,,six?4 ,,pola1 ,,or ,,"t4 ,dur+ our /ay 9 ,illyria1 ,i made an excursion by wat] ) ! ,unkn[n1 my pres]v]1 n[ become my fri5d1 & ,euba!s1 to ,pola1 9 ,i/ria4 ,we ent]$ ! h>b\r ( ,pola 9 a felucca :5 ! sun 0 sett+2 & ,i "k no sc5e m spl5did ?an ! amphi!atre se5 f ! sea 9 ?is light4 ,x appe>s n z a build+ 9 ru9s1 b l a newly erect$ "w1 & ! reflection ( ! col\rs ( its brilliant m>ble & beautiful =ms se5 ^u ! calm surface ( ! wat]s gave to x a d\ble effect--t ( a glori\s production ( art & ( a magnific5t picture4 ,we exam9$ ) pleasure ! rema9s ( ! ar* ( ,augu/us & ! temple1 v p]fect monum5ts ( imp]ial gr&eur4 ,b ! spl5did ext]ior ( ! amphi!atre 0 n 9 h>mony ) ! b>e & nak$ walls ( ! int]ior2 !re 7 none ( ^? durable & gr& seats ( m>ble1 su* z adorn ! amphi!atre ( ,v]ona1 f :i* x is probable t ! :ole ( ! ar5a & conv5i5ces = ! spectators _h be5 con/ruct$ ( wood4 ,_! total disappe>ance l$ u to reflect ^u ! causes ( ! de/ruction ( s _m ( ! works ( ! old] nations4 ,i said1 9 our metaphysical ab/ractions1 we ref] ! *anges1 ! de/ruction ( mat]ial =ms1 to "t1 b !re mu/ be physical laws 9 ,nature by :i* !y are produc$2 & ,i begg$ our new fri5d to give u "s ideas on ?is subject 9 8 "* ( *emical philosoph]4 ,if human sci5ce1 ,i said1 has discov]$ ! pr9ciple ( ! decay ( ?+s1 x is possible t human art may supply means ( cons]vation1 & be/[ immortality on "s ( ! works :i* appe> de/9$ by _! p]fection = future ages4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i %all will+ly communicate to y my views ( ! op]ation ( "t1 philosophically consid]$4 ,a great philosoph] has said1 man c 9 no o!r way comm& ,nature b 9 obey+ h] laws2 &1 9 ^! laws1 ! pr9ciple ( *ange is a pr9ciple ( life2 )\t decay1 !re c be no reproduction2 & ev]y?+ belong+ to ! e>?1 :e!r 9 its primitive /ate1 or modifi$ by human h&s1 is submitt$ to c]ta9 & immutable laws ( de/ruction1 z p]man5t & univ]sal z ^? :i* produce ! planet>y motions4 ,! prop]ty :i*1 z f> z our exp]i5ce ext5ds1 univ]sally belongs to matt]1 gravitation1 is ! fir/ & mo/ g5]al cause ( *ange 9 our t]re/rial sy/em2 &1 :il/ x pres]ves ! great mass ( ! globe 9 a uni=m /ate1 its influ5ce is cont9ually produc+ alt]ations ^u ! surface4 ,! wat]1 rais$ 9 vap\r by ! sol> heat1 is precipitat$ by ! cool air 9 ! atmosph]e2 x is c>ri$ d[n by gravitation to ! surface1 & ga9s its me*anical =ce f ?is law4 ,:atev] is elevat$ above ! sup]fices by ! p[]s ( vegetation or animal life1 or by ! ef=ts ( man1 by gravitation con/antly t5ds to ! common c5tre ( attraction2 & ! great reason ( ! duration ( ! pyramid above all o!r =ms is1 t x is mo/ fitt$ to resi/ ! =ce ( gravitation4 ,! ar*1 ! pill>1 & all p]p5dicul> con/ructions1 are liable to fall :5 a degradation f *emical or me*anical causes takes place 9 _! inf]ior p>ts4 ,! =ms ^u ! surface ( ! globe are pres]v$ f ! influ5ce ( gravitation by ! attraction ( cohesion1 or by *emical attraction2 b if _! p>ts _h fre$om ( motion1 !y w\ld all be levell$ by ?is p[]1 gravitation1 & ! globe w\ld appe> z a plane & smoo? oblate sph]oid1 flatt5$ at ! poles4 ,! attraction ( cohesion or *emical attraction1 9 its mo/ en]getic /ate1 is n liable to be de/roy$ by gravitation2 ?is p[] only assi/s ! ag5cies ( o!r causes ( degradation4 ,attraction1 ( :atev] k9d1 t5ds1 z x 71 to produce re/--a sort ( et]nal sleep 9 ,nature4 ,! great antagoni/ p[] is heat4 ,by ! influ5ce ( ! sun ! globe is expos$ to great v>ieties ( temp]ature2 an addition ( heat exp&s bodies1 & an ab/raction ( heat causes !m to contract2 by v>iation ( heat1 c]ta9 k9ds ( matt] are r5d]$ fluid1 or ela/ic1 & *anges f fluids into solids1 or f solids or fluids into ela/ic sub/ances1 & vice v]sa1 are produc$2 & all ^! ph5om5a are connect$ ) alt]ations t5d+ to ! decay or de/ruction ( bodies4 ,x is n probable t ! m]e contraction or expansion ( a solid1 f ! subtraction or addition ( heat1 t5ds to loos5 its p>ts2 b if wat] exi/s 9 ^! p>ts1 !n its expansion1 ei!r 9 becom+ vap\r or ice1 t5ds n only to dim9i% _! cohesion1 b to break !m into fragm5ts4 ,!re is1 y "k1 a v rem>kable prop]ty ( wat]--its expansion by cool+1 & at ! "t ( becom+ ice--& ?is is a great cause ( de/ruction 9 ! nor!rn climates2 = :]e ice =ms 9 ! crevices or cavities ( /ones1 or :5 wat] :i* has p5etrat$ into cem5t freezes1 its expansion acts ) ! =ce ( ! lev] or ! screw 9 de/roy+ or sep>at+ ! p>ts ( bodies4 ,! me*anical p[]s ( wat]1 z ra91 hail1 or sn[1 9 desc5d+ f ! atmosph]e1 are n entirely )\t effect2 = 9 act+ ^u ! projections ( solids1 drops ( wat] or p>ticles ( sn[1 & /ill m ( hail1 h a p[] ( abrasion1 & a v s(t sub/ance1 f its mass assi/+ gravitation1 may break a mu* h>d] "o4 ,! glaci]1 by its motion1 gr9ds into p[d] ! surface ( ! granite rock2 & ! ,alp9e torr5ts1 t h _! orig9 "u glaci]s1 are always turbid1 f ! de/ruction ( ! rocks on :i* ! glaci] is =m$4 ,! effect ( a torr5t 9 deep5+ its b$ w expla9 ! me*anical ag5cy ( fluid-wat]1 ?\gh ?is effect is inf9itely increas$1 & sometimes almo/ entirely dep5d5t1 ^u ! solid matt]s :i* are c>ri$ d[n by x4 ,an angul> fragm5t ( /one 9 ! c\rse ( ages mov$ 9 ! cavity ( a rock makes a deep r\nd excavation1 & is worn itself into a sph]ical =m4 ,a torr5t ( ra9 fl[+ d[n ! side ( a build+ c>ries ) x ! silici\s du/1 or s&1 or matt] :i* ! w9d has deposit$ !re1 & acts ^u a scale inf9itely m m9ute1 b accord+ to ! same law4 ,! build+s ( anci5t ,rome h n only be5 liable to ! con/ant op]ation ( ! ra9-c\rses1 or m9ute torr5ts produc$ by ra9s1 b ev5 ! ,tib]1 swoll5 ) floods ( ! ,sab9e m\nta9s & ! ,ap5n9es1 has (t5 ent]$ into ! city1 & a w9t] seldom passes away 9 :i* ! area ( ! ,pan!on has n be5 fill$ ) wat]1 & ! reflection ( ! cupola se5 9 a smoo? lake bel[4 ,! monum5ts ( ,egypt are p]haps ! mo/ anci5t & p]man5t ( ^? belong+ to ! e>?1 & 9 t c\ntry ra9 is almo/ unkn[n4 ,& all ! causes ( degradation connect$ ) ! ag5cy ( wat] act m 9 ! temp]ate climates ?an 9 ! hot ones1 & mo/ ( all 9 ^? c\ntries :]e ! inequalities ( temp]ature are greate/4 ,! me*anical effects ( air are pr9cipally 9 ! action ( w9ds 9 assi/+ ! op]ation ( gravitation1 & 9 abrad+ by du/1 s&1 /ones1 & atmosph]ic wat]4 ,^! effects1 unless x be 9 ! case ( a build+ bl[n d[n by a tempe/1 are imp]ceptible 9 days1 or ev5 ye>s2 yet a g5tle curr5t ( air c>ry+ ! silici\s s& ( ! des]t1 or ! du/ ( a road = ages aga9/ ! face ( a /ructure1 mu/ ultimately t5d to injure x1 = ) inf9ite or unlimit$ duration1 an extremely small cause w produce a v great effect4 ,! me*anical ag5cy ( electricity is v limit$2 ! effects ( lightn+ h1 h[ev]1 be5 witness$1 ev5 9 "s ( ! great monum5ts ( antiquity1 ! ,colosaeum at ,rome1 = in/ance2 & only la/ ye>1 9 a viol5t ?und]/orm1 "s ( ! m>ble1 ,i h be5 in=m$1 0 /ruck f ! top ( "o ( ! ar*es 9 ?is build+1 & a p]p5dicul> r5t made1 ( "s feet 9 diamet]4 ,b ! *emical effects ( electricity1 ?\gh excessively sl[ & gradual1 yet are mu* m effici5t 9 ! great "w ( de/ruction4 ,x is to ! g5]al *emical doctr9es ( ! *anges produc$ by ?is p[]ful ag5t t ,i mu/ n[ direct y\r especial att5tion4 ,eub4--,w\ld n ! consid]ation ( ! subject h be5 m di/9ct1 & y\r explanations ( ! ph5om5a m simple1 _h y comm5c$ by divid+ ! causes ( *ange into me*anical & *emical2 if y _h fir/ consid]$ !m sep>ately1 & !n _! jo9t effects8 ,! ,unkn[n4--,! ord] ,i h adopt$ is n v remote f ?is4 ,b ,i 0 p]haps wrong 9 treat+ fir/ ( ! ag5cy ( gravitation1 :i* owes almo/ all its p[]s to ! op]ation ( o!r causes4 ,9 consequ5ce ( y\r h9t1 ,i %all alt] my plan a little1 & consid] fir/ ! *emical ag5cy ( wat]1 !n t ( air1 & la/ly t ( electricity4 ,9 e species ( *emical *ange1 temp]ature is conc]n$4 ,b unless ! results ( volcanoes & e>?quakes be directly ref]r$ to ?is p[]1 x has no *emical effect 9 relation to ! *anges ascrib$ to "t simply consid]$ z heat1 b its op]ations1 :i* are ! mo/ important belong+ to ! t]re/rial cycle ( *anges1 are bl5d$ )1 or br+ into activity1 ^? ( o!r ag5ts4 ,"o ( ! mo/ di/9ct & de/ructive ag5cies ( wat] dep5ds ^u its solv5t p[]s1 :i* are usually greate/ :5 its temp]ature is highe/4 ,wat] is capable ( dissolv+1 9 l>g] or small] proportions1 mo/ comp\nd bodies1 & ! calc>e\s & alkal9e elem5ts ( /ones are p>ticul>ly liable to ?is k9d ( op]ation4 ,:5 wat] holds 9 solution c>bonic acid1 :i* is always ! case :5 x is precipitat$ f ! atmosph]e1 its p[] ( dissolv+ c>bonate ( lime is v mu* increas$1 & 9 ! neighb\rhood ( great cities1 :]e ! atmosph]e conta9s a l>ge proportion ( ?is pr9ciple1 ! solv5t p[]s ( ra9 ^u ! m>ble expos$ to x mu/ be greate/4 ,:oev] exam9es ! m>ble /atues 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* h be5 remov$ f ! ext]ior ( ! ,p>!non1 w be conv9c$ t !y h suff]$ f ?is ag5cy2 & an effect di/9ct 9 ! pure atmosph]e & temp]ate climate ( ,a!ns1 mu/ be ^u a high] scale 9 ! vic9ity ( o!r great ,european cities1 :]e ! consumption ( fuel produces c>bonic acid 9 l>ge quantities4 ,metallic sub/ances1 su* z iron1 copp]1 bronze1 brass1 t91 & lead1 :e!r !y exi/ 9 /ones1 or are us$ = support or connection 9 build+s1 are liable to be corrod$ by wat] hold+ 9 solution ! pr9ciples ( ! atmosph]e2 & ! ru/ & corrosion1 :i* are made1 poetically1 qualities ( "t1 dep5d ^u ! oxidat+ p[]s ( wat]1 :i* by supply+ oxyg5 9 a dissolv$ or cond5s$ /ate enables ! metals to =m new comb9ations4 ,all ! vegetable sub/ances1 expos$ to wat] & air1 are liable to decay1 & ev5 ! vap\r 9 ! air1 attract$ by wood1 gradually reacts ^u its fibres & assi/s decomposition1 or enables its elem5ts to take new arrangem5ts4 ,h5ce x is t none ( ! ro(s ( anci5t build+s m ?an a ?\s& ye>s old rema91 unless x be su* z are con/ruct$ ( /one1 z ^? ( ! ,pan!on ( ,rome & ! tomb ( ,!odoric at ,rav5na1 ! cupola ( :i* is compos$ ( a s+le block ( m>ble4 ,! pictures ( ! ,greek ma/]s1 :i* 7 pa9t$ on ! wood ( ! abies1 or p9e ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 likewise1 z we are in=m$ by ,pl9y1 ow$ _! de/ruction n to a *ange 9 ! col\rs1 n to ! alt]ation ( ! calc>e\s gr\nd on :i* !y 7 pa9t$1 b to ! decay ( ! tablets ( wood on :i* ! intonaco or /ucco 0 laid4 ,among/ ! sub/ances employ$ 9 build+1 wood1 iron1 t91 & lead1 are mo/ liable to decay f ! op]ation ( wat]1 !n m>ble1 :5 expos$ to its influ5ce 9 ! fluid =m2 brass1 copp]1 granite1 si5ite1 & porphyry are m durable4 ,b 9 /ones1 mu* dep5ds ^u ! peculi> nature ( _! con/itu5t p>ts2 :5 ! feldsp> ( ! granite rocks conta9s little alkali or calc>e\s e>?1 x is a v p]man5t /one2 b1 :5 9 granite1 porphyry1 or si5ite1 ei!r ! feldsp> conta9s mu* alkal9e matt]1 or ! mica1 s*orl1 or hornbl5de mu* protoxide ( iron1 ! action ( wat] conta9+ oxyg5 & c>bonic acid on ! f]rug9\s elem5ts t5ds to produce ! dis9tegration ( ! /one4 ,! r$ granite1 black si5ite1 & r$ porphyry ( ,egypt1 :i* are se5 at ,rome 9 obelisks1 columns1 & s>cophagi1 are among/ ! mo/ durable comp\nd /ones2 b ! grey granites ( ,corsica & ,elba are extremely liable to und]go alt]ation3 ! feldsp> conta9s mu* alkal9e matt]2 & ! mica & s*orl1 mu* protoxide ( iron4 ,a rem>kable in/ance ( ! decay ( granite may be se5 9 ! ,hang+ ,t[] ( ,pisa2 :il/ ! m>ble pill>s 9 ! basem5t rema9 sc>cely alt]$1 ! granite ones h lo/ a consid]able portion ( _! surface1 :i* falls (f cont9ually 9 scales1 & exhibits ev]y:]e /a9s f ! =mation ( p]oxide ( iron4 ,! kaol91 or clay1 us$ 9 mo/ c\ntries = ! manufacture ( f9e porcela9 or *9a1 is g5]ally produc$ f ! feldsp> ( decompos+ granite1 9 :i* ! cause ( decay is ! dissolution & sep>ation ( ! alkal9e +r$i5ts4 ,eub4--,i h se5 s]p5t9es1 basalts1 & lavas :i* int]nally 7 d>k1 & :i* f _! weight1 ,i %\ld suppose1 mu/ conta9 oxide ( iron1 sup]ficially br[n or r$1 & decompos+4 ,und\bt$ly ?is 0 f ! action ( wat] impregnat$ ) air ^u _! f]rug9\s elem5ts4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,y are p]fectly "r4 ,!re are few comp\nd /ones1 possess+ a consid]able specific gravity1 :i* are n liable to *ange f ?is cause2 & oxide ( iron among/ ! metallic sub/ances anci5tly kn[n1 is ! mo/ g5]ally diffus$ 9 nature1 & mo/ conc]n$ 9 ! *anges :i* take place on ! surface ( ! globe4 ,! *emical action ( c>bonic acid is s mu* connect$ ) t ( wat]1 t x is sc>cely possible to speak ( !m sep>ately1 z mu/ be evid5t f :at ,i h be=e said2 b ! same action :i* is ex]t$ by ! acid dissolv$ 9 wat] is likewise ex]t$ by x 9 its ela/ic /ate1 & 9 ?is case ! facility ) :i* ! quantity is *ang$ makes up = ! diff]5ce ( ! degree ( cond5sation4 ,!re is no reason to believe t ! azote ( ! atmosph]e has any consid]able action 9 produc+ *anges ( ! nature we are /udy+ on ! surface2 ! aque\s vap\r1 ! oxyg5 & ! c>bonic acid gas1 are1 h[ev]1 con/antly 9 comb9$ activity1 & above all ! oxyg54 ,&1 :il/ wat]1 unit+ its effects ) ^? ( c>bonic acid1 t5ds to dis9tegrate ! p>ts ( /ones1 ! oxyg5 acts ^u vegetable matt]4 ,& ?is great *emical ag5t is at once necess>y1 9 all ! processes ( life & 9 all ^? ( decay1 9 :i* ,nature1 z x 71 takes aga9 to h]self ^? in/rum5ts1 organs1 & p[]s1 :i* _h = a :ile be5 borr[$ & employ$ = ! purpose or ! wants ( ! liv+ pr9ciple4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ effect$ by rapid comb9ations 9 combu/ion may also be effect$ gradually by ! sl[ absorption ( oxyg52 & ?\gh ! productions ( ! animal & vegetable k+dom are mu* m submitt$ to ! p[] ( atmosph]ic ag5ts ?an ^? ( ! m9]al k+dom1 yet1 z 9 ! in/ances :i* h j be5 m5tion$1 oxyg5 gradually de/roys ! equilibrium ( ! elem5ts ( /ones1 & t5ds to r$uce into p[d]1 to r5d] fit = soils1 ev5 ! h>de/ aggregates belong+ to our globe4 ,electricity1 z a *emical ag5t1 may be consid]$ n only z directly produc+ an inf9ite v>iety ( *anges1 b likewise z influ5c+ almo/ all :i* take place4 ,!re are n two sub/ances on ! surface ( ! globe t are n 9 diff]5t electrical relations to ea* o!r2 & *emical attraction itself seems to be a peculi> =m ( ! exhibition ( electrical attraction2 & :]ev] ! atmosph]e1 or wat]1 or any "p ( ! surface ( ! e>? ga9s accumulat$ electricity ( a diff]5t k9d f ! contigu\s surfaces1 ! t5d5cy ( ?is electricity is to produce new arrangem5ts ( ! p>ts ( ^! surfaces2 ?us a positively electrifi$ cl\d1 act+ ev5 at a great di/ance on a moi/5$ /one1 t5ds to attract its oxyg5\s1 or acidi=m or acid1 +r$i5ts1 & a negatively electrifi$ cl\d has ! same effect ^u its e>?y1 alkal9e1 or metallic matt]4 ,& ! sil5t & sl[ op]ation ( electricity is mu* m important 9 ! economy ( ,nature ?an its gr& & impressive op]ation 9 lightn+ & ?und]4 ,! *emical ag5cies ( wat] & air are assi/$ by ^? ( electricity2 & _! jo9t effects comb9$ ) ^? ( gravitation & ! me*anical ones ,i fir/ describ$ are suffici5t to acc\nt = ! results ( "t4 ,b ! physical p[]s ( ,nature 9 produc+ decay are assi/$ likewise by c]ta9 ag5cies or en]gies ( organis$ be+s4 ,a poli%$ surface ( a build+ or a /atue is no soon] made r\gh f ! causes t h be5 m5tion$ ?an ! se$s ( li*5s & mosses1 :i* are con/antly float+ 9 our atmosph]e1 make x a place ( repose1 gr[1 & increase1 & f _! dea?1 _! decay1 & decomposition c>bonace\s matt] is produc$1 & at l5g? a soil is =m$1 9 :i* grass c fix its roots4 ,9 ! crevices ( walls1 :]e ?is soil is wa%$ d[n1 ev5 ! se$s ( trees gr[1 &1 gradually z a build+ becomes m ru9$1 ivy & o!r p>asitical plants cov] x4 ,ev5 ! animal creation l5ds its aid 9 ! process ( de/ruction :5 man no long] lab\rs = ! cons]vation ( 8 works4 ,! fox burr[s among/ ru9s1 bats & birds ne/le 9 ! cavities 9 walls1 ! snake & ! liz>d likewise make !m _! habitation4 ,insects act ^u a small] scale1 b by _! unit$ en]gies sometimes produce great effect2 ! ant1 by e/abli%+ h] colony & =m+ h] magaz9es1 (t5 saps ! f\ndations ( ! /ronge/ build+s1 & ! mo/ insignificant creatures triumph1 z x 71 ov] ! gr&e/ works ( man4 ,add to ^! sure & sl[ op]ations ! deva/ations ( w>1 ! effects ( ! de/ructive zeal ( bigotry1 ! pr$atory fury ( b>b>ians seek+ = conceal$ weal? "u ! f\ndations ( build+s1 & te>+ f !m e metallic sub/ance1 & x is r to be wond]$ t any ( ! works ( ! great nations ( antiquity are /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,phil4--,y\r view ( ! causes ( deva/ation really is a melan*oly "o4 ,nor d ,i see any rem$y2 ! mo/ important causes w always op]ate4 ,yet1 suppos+ ! con/ant exi/5ce ( a highly civilis$ p1 ! ravages ( "t might be repair$1 & by def5d+ ! f9e/ works ( art f ! ext]nal atmosph]e1 _! *anges w\ld be sc>cely p]ceptible4 ,eub4--,i d\bt mu* :e!r x is = ! int]e/s ( a p t its public works %\ld be ( a durable k9d4 ,"o ( ! great causes ( ! decl9e ( ! ,roman ,empire 0 t ! p ( ! ,republic & ( ! fir/ empire left no?+ = _! po/]ity to d2 aqu$ucts1 temples1 =ums1 ev]y?+ 0 suppli$1 & !re 7 no objects to awak5 activity1 no necessity to /imulate _! inv5tive faculties1 & h>dly any wants to call =? _! indu/ry4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,at lea/1 y mu/ all[ ! importance ( pres]v+ objects ( ! f9e arts4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ we h wor?y ( admiration is ow+ to :at has be5 pres]v$ f ! ,greek s*ool1 & ! nations :o h n possess$ ^! works or models h made little or no progress t[>ds p]fection4 ,nor does x seem t a m]e imitation ( ,nature is suffici5t to produce ! beautiful or p]fect2 b ! climate1 ! mann]s1 cu/oms1 & dress ( ! p1 its g5ius & ta/e1 all co-op]ate4 ,su* pr9ciples ( cons]vation z ,philale!s has ref]r$ to are obvi\s4 ,no works ( excell5ce ought to be expos$ to ! atmosph]e1 & x is a great object to pres]ve !m 9 ap>tm5ts ( equable temp]ature & extremely dry4 ,! ro(s ( magnific5t build+s %\ld be ( mat]ials n likely to be dissolv$ by wat] or *ang$ by air4 ,_m electrical conductors %\ld be plac$ s z to prev5t ! sl[ or ! rapid effects ( atmosph]ic electricity4 ,9 pa9t+1 lapis lazuli or col\r$ h>d glasses1 9 :i* ! oxides are n liable to *ange1 %\ld be us$1 & %\ld be laid on m>ble or /ucco encas$ 9 /one1 & no animal or vegetable sub/ances1 except pure c>bonace\s matt]1 %\ld be us$ 9 ! pigm5ts1 & none %\ld be mix$ ) ! v>ni%es4 ,eub4--,yet1 :5 all is done t c be done 9 ! "w ( cons]vation1 x is only produc+ a diff]5ce 9 ! degree ( duration4 ,& f ! /atem5ts t our fri5d has made x is evid5t t none ( ! works ( a mortal be+ c be et]nal1 z none ( ! comb9ations ( a limit$ intellect c be inf9ite4 ,! op]ations ( ,nature1 :5 sl[1 are no less sure2 h[ev] man may = a "t usurp dom9ion ov] h]1 %e is c]ta9 ( recov]+ h] empire4 ,he conv]ts h] rocks1 h] /ones1 h] trees1 into =ms ( palaces1 h\ses1 & %ips2 he employs ! metals f\nd 9 ! bosom ( ! e>? z in/rum5ts ( p[]1 & ! s&s & clays :i* con/itute its surface z ornam5ts & res\rces ( luxury2 he imprisons air by wat]1 & tortures wat] by fire to *ange or modify or de/roy ! natural =ms ( ?+s4 ,b1 9 "s lu/rums 8 works beg9 to *ange1 & 9 a few c5turies !y decay & are 9 ru9s2 & 8 mighty temples1 fram$ z x 7 = immortal & div9e purposes1 & 8 bridges =m$ ( granite & ribb$ ) iron1 & 8 walls = def5ce1 & ! spl5did monum5ts by :i* he has endeav\r$ to give et]nity ev5 to 8 p]i%able rema9s1 are gradually de/roy$2 & ^! /ructures1 :i* h resi/$ ! waves ( ! ocean1 ! tempe/s ( ! sky1 & ! /roke ( ! lightn+1 %all yield to ! op]ation ( ! dews ( heav51 ( fro/1 ra91 vap\r1 & imp]ceptible atmosph]ic influ5ces2 &1 z ! worm dev\rs ! l9eam5ts ( 8 mortal beauty1 s ! li*5s & ! moss & ! mo/ insignificant plants %all fe$ ^u 8 columns & 8 pyramids1 & ! mo/ humble & insignificant insects %all und]m9e & sap ! f\ndations ( 8 colossal works1 & make _! habitations among/ ! ru9s ( 8 palaces & ! fall+ seats ( 8 e>?ly glory4 ,phil4--,y\r hi/ory ( ! laws ( ! inevitable de/ruction ( mat]ial =ms recalls to my memory our discussion at ,adelsb]g4 ,! *anges ( ! mat]ial univ]se are 9 h>mony ) ^? :i* belong to ! human body1 & :i* y suppose to be ! frame or ma*9]y ( ! s5ti5t pr9ciple4 ,may we n v5ture to imag9e t ! visible & tangible _w1 ) :i* we are acqua9t$ by our s5sations1 be>s ! same relation to ! ,div9e & ,inf9ite ,intellig5ce t our organs be> to our m9d1 ) ?is only diff]5ce1 t 9 ! *anges ( ! div9e sy/em !re is no decay1 !re be+ 9 ! ord] ( ?+s a p]fect unity1 & all ! p[]s spr++ f "o w & be+ a consequ5ce ( t w1 are p]fectly & unalt]ably balanc$4 ,newton seem$ to appreh5d1 t 9 ! laws ( ! planet>y motions !re 0 a pr9ciple :i* w\ld ultimately be ! cause ( ! de/ruction ( ! sy/em4 ,laplace1 by pursu+ & ref9+ ! pr9ciples ( our great philosoph]1 has prov$ t :at appe>$ s\rces ( disord] are1 9 fact1 ! p]fect+ ma*9]y ( ! sy/em1 & t ! pr9ciple ( cons]vation is z et]nal z t ( motion4 ,! ,unkn[n4--,i d>e n (f] any speculations on ?is gr& & awful subject4 ,we c h>dly compreh5d ! cause ( a simple atmosph]ic ph5om5on1 su* z ! fall ( a heavy body f a meteor2 we _c ev5 embrace 9 "o view ! million? "p ( ! objects surr\nd+ u1 & yet we h ! presumption to reason ^u ! inf9ite univ]se & ! et]nal m9d by :i* x 0 creat$ & is gov]n$4 ,on ^! subjects ,i h no confid5ce 9 reason1 ,i tru/ only to fai?2 &1 z f> z we ought to inquire1 we h no o!r guide b revelation4 ,phil4--,i agree ) y t :5ev] we attempt metaphysical speculations1 we mu/ beg9 ) a f\ndation ( fai?4 ,& be+ sure f revelation t ,god is omnipot5t & omnipres5t1 x appe>s to me no improp] use ( our faculties to trace ev5 9 ! natural univ]se ! acts ( ,8 p[] & ! results ( ,8 wisdom1 & to draw p>allels f ! inf9ite to ! f9ite m9d4 ,rememb]1 we are taught t man 0 creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god1 &1 ,i ?9k1 x _c be d\bt$ t 9 ! progress ( society man has be5 made a great in/rum5t by 8 en]gies & lab\rs = improv+ ! moral univ]se4 ,comp>e ! ,greeks & ,romans ) ! ,assyrians & ,babylonians1 & ! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans ) ! nations ( mod]n ,*ri/5dom1 & x _c1 ,i ?9k1 be que/ion$ t !re has be5 a great sup]iority 9 ! latt] nations1 & t _! improvem5ts h be5 subs]vi5t to a m exalt$ /ate ( intellectual & religi\s exi/5ce4 ,if ?is little globe has be5 s modifi$ by its p[]ful & active inhabitants1 ,i _c help ?9k+ t 9 o!r sy/ems be+s ( a sup]ior nature1 "u ! influ5ce ( a div9e w1 may act nobl] p>ts4 ,we "k f ! sacr$ writ+s t !re are intellig5ces ( a high] nature ?an man1 & ,i _c help sometimes ref]r+ to my vision 9 ! ,colosaeum1 & 9 suppos+ "s acts ( p[] ( ^? g5ii or s]aphs simil> to ^? :i* ,i h imag9$ 9 ! high] planet>y sy/ems4 ,!re is mu* reason to inf] f a/ronomical obs]vations t great *anges take place 9 ! sy/em ( ! fix$ />s3 ,sir ,william ,h]s*el1 inde$1 seems to h believ$ t he saw nebul\s or lum9\s matt] 9 ! process ( =m+ suns1 & !re are "s a/ronom]s :o believe t />s h be5 ext9ct2 b x is m probable t !y h disappe>$ f peculi> motions4 ,x is1 p]haps1 r a poetical ?an a philosophical idea1 yet ,i _c help =m+ ! op9ion t g5ii or s]aphic intellig5ces may inhabit ^! sy/ems & may be ! m9i/]s ( ! et]nal m9d 9 produc+ *anges 9 !m simil> to ^? :i* h tak5 place on ! e>?4 ,"t is almo/ a human ^w & *ange entirely a human idea2 9 ! sy/em ( ,nature we %\ld r say progress ?an *ange4 ,! sun appe>s to s9k 9 ! ocean 9 d>kness1 b x rises 9 ano!r hemisph]e2 ! ru9s ( a city fall1 b !y are (t5 us$ to =m m magnific5t /ructures z at ,rome2 b1 ev5 :5 !y are de/roy$1 s z to produce only du/1 ,nature ass]ts h] empire ov] !m1 & ! vegetable _w rises 9 con/ant y\?1 &--9 a p]iod ( annual successions1 by ! lab\rs ( man provid+ food--vitality1 & beauty ^u ! wrecks ( monum5ts1 :i* 7 once rais$ = purposes ( glory1 b :i* are n[ appli$ to objects ( utility4