,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,,bullet9 ,no4 #djd ,contribution f ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,taylor1 ,*ief ,illu/ration3 ,,usda cre/s flank+ bullet9 bann] ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,,pr(essional ,,pap] ,octob] #ad1 #aiaf ,,hemp ,,hurds ,,z ,,pap]-,,mak+ ,,mat]ial4 ,by ,,ly/] ,h4 ,,dewey1 ,botani/ 9 ,*>ge ( ,fib]-,plant ,inve/igations1 & ,,jason ,l4 ,,m]rill1 ,pap]-,plant ,*emi/1 ,pap]-,plant ,inve/igations4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page4 ,! production & h&l+ ( hemp hurds1 by ,ly/] ,h4 ,dewey3 ,:at hemp hurds are #a ,pi?1 wood1 & fib] #b ,"* ( hurds affect$ by rett+ #b ,proportion ( hurds to fib] & yield p] acre #c ,hurds available f ma*9e-brok5 hemp #c ,pres5t uses ( hemp hurds #d ,pres5t supplies ( hurds available #e ,bal+ = %ipm5t #e ,co/ ( bal+ #e ,summ>y #f ,! manufacture ( pap] f hemp hurds1 by ,jason ,l4 ,m]rill3 ,introduction #g ,factors ju/ify+ an inve/igation ( hemp hurds #h ,"* ( ! mat]ial #aa ,"* ( ! te/s #ab ,op]ations involv$ 9 a te/ #ac ,description ( te/s #af ,comp>ison ( ! te/s & comm]cial practice #ba ,physical te/s ( ! pap]s produc$ #bd ,conclusions #be ,9 prep>+ ! report on ! manufacture ( pap] f hemp hurds x became evid5t t a %ort discussion ( ! agricultural aspects ( ?is mat]ial %\ld be includ$ 9 ! publication4 ,su* an article 0 prep>$1 !re=e1 & ! two reports are "h pres5t$ toge!r4 ,,note4--,?is bullet9 %\ld be useful to all p]sons :o are int]e/$ 9 ! economic phases ( pap] mak+1 especially to pr9t & book pap] manufactur]s4 ,x also %\ld be ( int]e/ to sci5tific inve/igators & *emi/s4 ,,! ,,production ,,& ,,h&l+ ,,( ,,hemp ,,hurds4 ,by ,,ly/] ,h4 ,,dewey1 ,botani/ 9 ,*>ge ( ,fib]-,plant ,inve/igations4 ,,:at ,,hemp ,,hurds ,,are4 ,! woody inn] portion ( ! hemp /alk1 brok5 into pieces & sep>at$ f ! fib] 9 ! processes ( break+ & scut*+1 is call$ hemp hurds4 ,^! hurds correspond to %ives 9 flax1 b are mu* co>s] & are usually s(t] 9 texture4 ,! hemp /alk gr[n 9 a broadca/ crop = fib] production is f "o-eigh? to ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet] & f #d to #aj feet tall4 ,! /alk is holl[1 ) a cyl9drical woody %ell1 ?ick ne> ! base1 :]e ! /alk is ne>ly solid1 & ?9n] above1 :]e ! holl[ is relatively wid]4 ,9 ! process ( break+1 ! woody cyl9d] inside ( ! fib]-be>+ b>k is brok5 into pieces "o-half ( an in* to #c in*es long & usually split into num]\s segm5ts4 ,! ?ick] l[] sections are split less ?an ! ?9-%ell$ upp] ones1 & !y are (t5 left q solid4 ,,pi?1 ,,wood1 ,,& ,,fib]4 ,! inn] surface ( ! hurds usually be>s a lay] ( pi?1 consi/+ ( ?9-wall$ cells ne>ly sph]ical or angul>1 b n elongat$4 ,!y are m or less cru%$ & torn4 ,!y are probably ( little value = pap]1 b !y con/itute less ?an #a p] c5t ( ! weight ( ! hurds4 ,! pr9cipal weight & bulk consi/ ( sl5d] elongat$ woody cells4 ,! out] surface is cov]$ ) f9e second>y fib]s compos$ ( sl5d] elongat$ cells1 t\gh] ?an ^? ( ! wood b f9] & %ort] ?an ^? ( ! hemp fib] ( comm]ce4 ,no me?od has be5 devis$ ?us f> :i* completely sep>ates f ! hurds all ( ! long fib]4 ,f #e to #ae p] c5t ( ! weight ( ! hurds consi/s ( hemp fib]1 9 /r&s f #c in*es to #h feet 9 l5g?4 ,"s fragm5ts ( ! b>k1 made up ( %ort cubical cells1 usually d>k 9 color1 cl+ to ! /r&s ( fib]4 ,,"* ,,( ,,hurds ,,affect$ ,,by ,,rett+4 ,ne>ly all ( ! hemp 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is dew rett$4 ,! /alks are spread on ! gr\nd 9 swa?s z gra9 is laid by ! cradle4 ,! action ( ! wea!r1 dew1 & ra91 aid$ by bact]ia1 dissolves & wa%es out ! gre5 color+ matt] 7*lorophyll7 & mo/ ( ! gums1 leav+ only ! fibr\s b>k & ! wood4 ,! plants 9 ?is process lose ab\t #fj p] c5t ( _! gre5 weight1 or ab\t #dj p] c5t ( _! air-dry weight4 ,! /alks are sometimes set up 9 %ocks to cure be=e rett+1 & aft] rett+ !y are set up 9 %ocks to dry4 ,ea* "t ! /alks are h&l$ !y are *uck$ d[n on ! gr\nd to keep ! butts ev54 ,9 ^! op]ations s& & clay are (t5 driv5 up into ! holl[ at ! base ( ! /alks1 & ?is dirt1 :i* (t5 cl+s t5aci\sly1 may con/itute all objectionable feature 9 ! use ( hemp hurds = pap] /ock4 ,9 ,italy & 9 mo/ localities 9 ,russia & ,au/ria-,hung>y :]e hemp is ext5sively cultivat$1 x is rett$ 9 wat]1 b wat] rett+ has nev] be5 practic$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates except to a limit$ ext5t be=e ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,hurds f wat]-rett$ hemp are clean] & s(t] ?an ^? f dew-rett$ hemp4 ,! fib] is sometimes brok5 f dry hemp /alks )\t rett+4 ,! hurds ?us produc$ conta9 a small p]c5tage ( soluble gums1 *iefly ( ! pectose s]ies4 ,comp>atively little hemp is prep>$ 9 ?is mann] 9 ,am]ica4 ,process rett+ by means ( weak solutions ( *emicals or oils 9 hot wat] is practic$ to a limit$ ext5t4 ,! hurds f ^! processes may conta9 traces ( ! *emicals or oils & also soluble gums 9 great] degree ?an ^? ( ! dew-rett$ or wat]-rett$ hemp4 ,,proportion ,,( ,,hurds ,,to ,,fib] ,,& ,,yield ,,p] ,,acre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,hemp-break+ ma*9e4 ,! /alks are f$ sidewise 9 a cont9u\s lay] #b to #c in*es ?ick1 turn+ out ab\t #d1jjj p\nds ( clean fib] p] day & five times z mu* hurds4 ,! yield ( hemp fib] v>ies f #djj to #b1ejj p\nds p] acre1 av]ag+ #a1jjj p\nds "u favorable conditions4 ,! weight ( hurds is ab\t five times t ( ! fib]1 or some:at great] f hemp gr[n on peaty soils4 ,a yield ( #b-a_/b tons ( hurds p] acre may be tak5 z a fair av]age4 ,,hurds ,,available ,,f ,,ma*9e-,,brok5 ,,hemp4 ,hemp hurds are available only f hemp :i* is brok5 by ma*9es1 :5 ! hurds may be collect$ 9 quantity 9 "o place 7figs4 #a & #b74 ,mo/ ( ! hemp 9 ,k5tucky is /ill brok5 by h& brakes4 ,^! small brakes are mov$ f %ock to %ock1 s t ! hurds are scatt]$ all ov] ! field 9 small piles ( less ?an #ej p\nds ea*1 & x is ! common practice to set fire to !m z soon z ! brake is mov$4 ,x w\ld be difficult to collect !m at a co/ :i* w\ld p]mit _! use = pap] /ock4 ,:]e ma*9e brakes are us$1 ! hemp /alks are br\ght to ! ma*9e z gra9 is br\ght to a ?ra%+ ma*9e1 & ! hurds accumulate 9 l>ge piles1 be+ bl[n f ! ma*9e by w9d /ack]s4 ,ma*9e brakes are us$ 9 ,wiscons91 ,indiana1 ,ohio1 & ,cali=nia1 b to only a limit$ ext5t 9 ,k5tucky4 ,five diff]5t k9ds ( ma*9e brakes are n[ 9 actual use 9 ?is c\ntry1 & /ill o!rs are us$ 9 ,europe4 ,all ( ! be/ hemp 9 ,italy1 comm&+ ! highe/ m>ket price paid = any hemp1 is brok5 by ma*9es4 ,! bett] ma*9e brakes n[ 9 use 9 ?is c\ntry prep>e ! fib] bett] & mu* m rapidly ?an ! h& brakes1 & !y w und\bt$ly be us$ 9 all localities :]e hemp rais+ is introduc$ z a new indu/ry4 ,!y may also be us$ 9 ,k5tucky :5 _! co/ is r$uc$ to m reasonable rates1 s t !y may compete ) ! h& brake4 ,hemp-break+ ma*9es are be+ improv$ & _! use is increas+4 ,! hemp-gr[+ indu/ry c increase 9 ?is c\ntry only z ma*9e brakes are develop$ to prep>e ! fib]4 ,a pr(itable use = ! hurds w add an inc5tive to ! use ( ! ma*9e brake4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,ma*9e brake & hemp hurds4 ,hemp hurds f ma*9e brakes quickly accumulate 9 l>ge piles4 ,,pres5t ,,uses ,,( ,,hemp ,,hurds4 ,hemp hurds are us$ to a limit$ ext5t = b>ny>d litt] & /able b$d+1 z a sub/itute = sawdu/ 9 pack+ ice1 &1 9 r>e in/ances1 = fuel4 ,!y are n reg>d$ z hav+ a comm]cial value = any ( ^! uses1 ?\gh !y are d\btless wor? at lea/ #a p] ton on ! f>m :5 us$ = /able b$d+4 ,!y are a wa/e product1 )\t value = o!r purposes :i* might compete ) _! use = pap] /ock4 ,,pres5t ,,supplies ,,( ,,hurds ,,available4 ,dur+ ! la/ season1 #aiae1 ab\t #a1ejj acres ( hemp h be5 h>ve/$ outside ( ,k5tucky & 9 regions :]e ma*9e brakes are us$4 ,e/imat+ ! yield ( hurds at #b-a_/b tons p] acre1 ?is %\ld give a total quantity ( ab\t #c1gej tons4 ,l>ge quantities ( hemp f ! crop ( #aiad1 :i* are /ill unbrok5 9 ^! areas1 & l>ge piles ( hurds undi/urb$ :]e ! ma*9es h be5 us$ dur+ ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s1 increase ! total to m ?an #g1jjj tons4 ,hemp is n[ gr[n outside ( ,k5tucky 9 ! vic9ity ( ,mc,guffey1 ea/ ( ,lima1 ,ohio2 ar\nd ,nappanee1 ,elkh>t ,c\nty1 & ne> ,pi]ceton1 9 ,kosciusko ,c\nty1 ,ind42 ab\t ,waupun & ,br&on1 ,wis42 & at ,rio ,vi/a & ,/ockton1 ,cal4 ,9 ,k5tucky1 hemp is gr[n 9 mo/ ( ! c\nties )9 a radius ( #ej miles ( ,lex+ton4 ,no accurate /ati/ics ( ! acreage are collect$1 b ! crop h>ve/$ 9 #aiae is e/imat$ at #g1jjj acres4 ,a ma*9e brake w probably be us$ 9 ,b\rbon ,c\nty & also 9 ,cl>k ,c\nty1 b mo/ ( ! hemp 9 ,k5tucky w be brok5 on h& brakes4 ,,bal+ ,,= ,,%ipm5t4 ,! hurds w h to be bal$ to facilitate h&l+ 9 transportation & to economize /orage space at ! pap] mills4 ,! bales w ne$ to be cov]$ ) burlap or "s mat]ial to keep !m f %ak+ out4 ,!y may be bal$ 9 ! same presses t are us$ = bal+ hemp fib]1 b c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to avoid break+ ! press1 = ! hurds are m resi/ant ?an hemp fib]4 ,a bale ( hemp #b by #c by #d feet weighs ab\t #ejj p\nds4 ,a bale ( hurds ( ! same size w weigh ab\t "o-?ird less1 or approximately six bales p] ton4 ,r\gh hemp fib] z x is %ipp$ f ! f>m is n cov]$2 !re=e1 ! cov]+ mat]ial mu/ be pur*as$ especially = ! hurds4 ,a piece ( burlap ab\t #cf by #dh in*es plac$ on ei!r side ( ! bale w be suffici5t1 b ^! pieces1 weigh+ ab\t #c p\nds ea*1 co/ ab\t #dj c5ts a pair4 ,bal+ rope1 9 addition to jute cov]+1 w co/ at lea/ #e c5ts p] bale1 mak+ ! total co/ ( cov]+ & ties #b4gj or m p] ton4 ,possibly *ip-bo>d1 co/+ ab\t #cc p] ton1 or n m ?an #e c5ts = ! two pieces = ea* bale1 may be us$ 9 place ( burlap4 ,*ip-bo>d1 burlap1 & also rope ties may all be us$ = pap] /ock4 ,burlap cov]s might be return$1 to be us$ repeat$ly until worn out1 b *ip-bo>d c\ld n be us$ m ?an once4 ,,co/ ,,( ,,bal+4 ,if burlap cov]s are us$ ! co/ ( bal+1 includ+ cov]+1 ties1 use ( bal+ press1 p[]1 & labor w am\nt to at lea/ #fj c5ts p] bale1 or ab\t #c4ge p] ton4 ,if *ip-bo>d c be us$ ! co/ may be r$uc$ to ab\t #b p] ton4 ,! co/ ( haul+ & load+ on ! c>s w v>y f #a to #c p] ton1 dep5d+ ^u ! di/ance & ! roads4 ,! f>m] mu/ !re=e receive f #d to #f p] ton = ! hurds1 bal$1 on bo>d c>s at 8 home /ation4 ,,summ>y4 ,hemp hurds are ! woody inn] portion ( ! hemp /alk1 brok5 into pieces 9 remov+ ! fib]4 ,!y are n us$ at pres5t = any purpose t w\ld compete ) _! use = pap]4 ,hurds are available only f ma*9e-brok5 hemp1 = ! co/ ( collect+ !m f ! h& brakes w\ld be too great4 ,ab\t #g1jjj tons are n[ available 9 re/rict$ localities 9 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,wiscons91 & ,cali=nia4 ,! quantity is likely to increase z ! use ( ma*9e brakes increases4 ,! hurds may be bal$ 9 hemp-fib] presses1 ) p>tial burlap cov]s l ^? on cotton bales1 or possibly *ip-bo>d cov]s4 ,x is e/imat$ t ! f>m]s may deliv] ! bales on bo>d c>s pr(itably at #d to #f p] ton4 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,pap] ,,f ,,hemp ,,hurds4 ,by ,,jason ,l4 ,,m]rill1 ,pap]-,plant ,*emi/1 ,pap]-,plant ,inve/igations4 ,,introduction4 ,! purpose ( ?is pap] is to report ^u prelim9>y te/s :i* 7 conduct$ to det]m9e ! pap]-mak+ value ( hemp hurds1 a crop wa/e ( ! hemp-fib] indu/ry4 ,! se>* = plant mat]ials capable ( be+ utiliz$ 9 pap] manufacture is a comp>atively rec5t b _w-wide activity :i* has = its object ! husb&+ ( pres5t s\rces ( pap]-/ock supply by ! sub/itution ( new mat]ials = "s ( ^? :i* are rapidly becom+ less pl5tiful & m co/ly4 ,! ab/ract idea ( utiliz+ t :i* is at pres5t a wa/e c play no important rle 9 su* activities1 ! successful comm]cial outcome ( :i* mu/ be bas$ on ! ?ree fundam5tal factors--m>ket or dem& = product1 satisfactory raw mat]ial1 & co/4 ,s9ce hemp hurds are to be treat$ 9 ?is report z a raw mat]ial = ! manufacture ( book & pr9t+ pap]s1 ! qualities1 supply1 probable future1 & co/ ( ! mat]ial w be consid]$ 9 comp>ison ) wood1 ) :i* x mu/ compete4 ,!re seems to be little d\bt t ! pres5t wood supply c n )/& indef9itely ! dem&s plac$ ^u x1 & ) increas$ sc>city economy 9 ! use ( wood w become imp]ative4 ,?is effect is already app>5t 9 _m wood-us+ indu/ries1 & al?\gh ! pap] indu/ry consumes only ab\t #c p] c5t ( ! total =e/ cut1 x is probable t x w be affect$ ?r\gh ?is economy4 ,our =e/s are be+ cut ?ree times z fa/ z !y gr[1 & z wood becomes m exp5sive prop] gr[+ & re=e/+ w receive m att5tion4 ,?us1 naturally1 a balance w be e/abli%$ betwe5 production & consumption1 b z ?is condition approa*es its limit+ values ! price ( wood may rise to su* levels t !re w be a dem& = o!r raw mat]ials4 ,! use ( wa/e pap] 9 conjunction ) *emical wood pulp has increas$ to enorm\s proportions1 & x is probable t ! increase w cont9ue4 ,al?\gh x is a *eap] raw mat]ial ?an wood1 x is reasonable to suppose t z ! wood supply decreases & ! price ( wood pulp advances1 ! price ( wa/e pap] w advance some:at proportionately4 ,9 view ( ^! conditions x is advisable to inve/igate ! pap]-mak+ value ( ! m promis+ plant mat]ials be=e a critical situation arises4 ,to be ( sub/antial value ! inve/igations %\ld include n only a det]m9ation ( ! quality & quantity ( pulp & pap] :i* ! mat]ial is capable ( produc+1 b %\ld embrace a consid]ation ( su* relevant factors z agricultural conditions1 f>m practice1 assembl+ conditions1 transportation1 & probable future supply4 ,c]ta9 cultivat$ plants seem p>ticul>ly promis+1 because 9 ! h>ve/+ ( ! regul> crop t portion :i* might be utiliz$ = pap] manufacture necess>ily is ei!r :olly or p>tially assembl$4 ,to ?is class ( plants belong corn1 broom corn1 sorghum1 sug> cane1 bagasse1 flax1 hemp1 & ! c]eal /raws4#a ,footnote #a3 ,= descriptions ( inve/igations ( "s ( ^! crops1 see ! li/ ( publications at ! end ( ?is bullet94 ,x is g5]ally conc$$ t ! employm5t ( diff]5t raw mat]ials w\ld probably yield products ( a some:at diff]5t quality ?an ^? n[ prevail+ 9 ! m>kets1 b ! qualities ( pap]s & ! public dem&s are s div]sifi$ & num]\s t ?is possible objection %\ld n be s]i\s4 ,t5 ye>s ago sulphite manufactur]s w\ld n accept consignm5ts ( spruce logs if !y conta9$ ov] #e p] c5t ( fir1 :ile to-day _m manufactur]s tol]ate #ej p] c5t4 ,rope pap]s are f\nd to conta9 n only jute1 b :5 ?is raw mat]ial is n pl5tiful1 *emical pulp ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,l95 pap] is (t5 no m ?an a trade t]m4 ,n long ago pr9t+ pap]s 7 made entirely f *emical wood pulp1 b to-day if x is desir$ to secure pap] :i* is free f gr\nd wood ! specifications mu/ s /ipulate4 ,writ+ pap]s1 =m]ly made entirely f rags1 n[ are likely to conta9 ei!r *emical or ev5 gr\nd-wood pulp unless ! specifications prohibit x4 ,)\t d\bt1 _m pap] manufactur]s h ma9ta9$ c]ta9 pap]s up to a fix$ /&>d = a long s]ies ( ye>s1 b x is equally true t competition has l[]$ ! /&>d ( a great _m pap]s1 "s ( :i* _h acquir$ a di/9ctive recognition4 ,! employm5t ( plant fib]s w n necess>ily l[] ! pres5t quality ( pap]s1 b if _! employm5t does result 9 products ^: qualities are some:at diff]5t f our s-call$ /&>d pap]s x does n necess>ily foll[ t su* pap]s w n f9d a ready m>ket4 ,,factors ,,ju/ify+ ,,an ,,inve/igation ,,( ,,hemp ,,hurds4 ,hemp hurds =m a crop wa/e1 9 t !y necess>ily are produc$ 9 ! rais+ & prep>ation ( hemp fib]1 & _! pres5t use & value are comp>atively insignificant4 ,! assembl+ ( ! hurds may be effect$ ) economy1 s9ce ! area 9 :i* hemp is h&l$ ) ! use ( ma*9e brakes is re/rict$4 ,al?\gh x mu/ be /at$ t ! pres5t annual supply w\ld n be suffici5t to ju/ify ! in/allation ( a pulp mill nor w\ld its transportation to exi/+ mills appe> feasible1 x is expect$ t ! available annual tonnage1 especially 9 c]ta9 g5]al sections1 w increase1 due to ! increas$ use ( ! ma*9e brake4 ,! pres5t tonnage p] annum is approximately z foll[s3 ,9 ! region ( ,ohio & ,indiana1 #b1ejj tons2 9 ! ,wiscons9 section1 #a1jjj tons2 9 ! ,cali=nia region1 #a1djj tons4 ,9 ye>s ( adv]se wea!r conditions !re are (t5 l>ge areas ( hemp :i* are n h>ve/$ on acc\nt ( its poor quality2 !re are also l>ge areas ( cut hemp :i* become ov]rett$1 due to inclem5t wea!r4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ by "s ( ! hemp rais]s t ?is l>ge am\nt ( mat]ial might be utiliz$ z a pap] /ock4 ,9 ^! cases ! co/ ( ! :ole mat]ial w\ld probably be some:at high] ?an t ( ! hurds1 because ei!r all or "p ( ! co/ ( h>ve/+ & ! total co/ ( break+ w\ld h to be borne by ! pap] mak]4 ,moreov]1 ! quality ( ?is mat]ial w\ld be s v irregul> & ! supply s unc]ta9 t x probably w\ld n appeal to ! pap] manufactur]4 ,)\t d\bt1 hemp w cont9ue to be "o ( ! /aple agricultural crops ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! :olesale de/ruction ( ! supply by fire1 z frequ5tly happ5s 9 ! case ( wood1 is preclud$ by ! v nature ( ! hemp-rais+ indu/ry4 ,s9ce only "o ye>'s gr[? c be h>ve/$ annually ! supply is n endang]$ by ! p]nici\s practice ( ov]cropp+1 :i* has contribut$ s mu* to ! pres5t high & increas+ co/ ( pulp wood4 ,! p]man5cy ( ! supply ( hemp hurds ?us seems assur$4 ,! favorable location geographically ( ! hemp regions 9 relation to ! pulp & pap] indu/ry is a factor ( consid]able importance4 ,! ,k5tucky region is n at pres5t 9 a position to supply hurds1 z ma*9e me?ods h n be5 adopt$ !re to any appreciable degree4 ,! ,ohio & ,indiana region1 :i* at pres5t has ! greate/ annual tonnage1 ) ! prospect ( an increase1 is situat$ s\? ( ! ,wiscons9 & ,mi*igan wood-pulp produc+ region & at a di/ance f ! ea/]n wood-pulp produc+ regions2 !re=e1 x is 9 a favorable position to compete 9 ! l>ge ,ohio & ,indiana m>kets4 ,s9ce1 z w be %[n1 ! hurd pulp acts f> m l soda popl> /ock ?an sulphite /ock1 competition w\ld be /ronge/ f ! ea/]n mills2 9 fact1 ! hurd /ock might v possibly meet ) favor z a book-/ock furni% 9 ! ,mi*igan & ,wiscons9 pap] mills1 :i* are )9 ! sulphite fib]-produc+ region4 ,because ( its v close proximity to pap] mills1 ?is latt] possibility applies ) f> great] =ce to ! ,wiscons9 hemp region1 :]e a consid]able ext5sion ( ! hemp indu/ry is anticipat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--;,a repres5tative sample ( hemp hurds1 natural size1 %[+ hemp fib] & pieces ( wood tissue4 ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,mat]ial4 ,z receiv$ f ,pi]ceton1 ,ind41 ! hurds consi/$ ( a mixture ( tangl$ hemp ba/ fib]s & pieces ( brok5 wood ( ! hemp /alk4 7,fig4 #c47 ,no reliable data 7 secur$ z to ! proportion ( ba/ fib] 9 ! total %ipm5t ( #d tons1 al?\gh two h& sep>ations ( small repres5tative samples gave results av]ag+ #h p] c5t4 ,! *emical "* ( ! mat]ial 0 su* & ! quantity 0 s small t any appreciable v>iation ( ! proportion %\ld n affect mat]ially ! treat+ processes f9ally adopt$1 yet its pres5ce 9 v>y+ proportions und\bt$ly w\ld modify to "s ext5t ! quality ( ! result+ pap] product4 ,s9ce ! l5g? ( ! ultimate ba/ fib] av]ages ab\t #bb mm4 & ! l5g? ( ! ultimate hemp wood fib] av]ages #j4g mm41 x is natural to assume t ! ba/ fib] w\ld t5d to increase ! /r5g? ( pap] produc$ f ! hurds4 7,fig4 #d47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--;,fib] d]iv$ f ! woody portion ( ! hurds4 #ge4 ,f a microphotograph4 ,! brok5 pieces ( wood conta9$ 9 ! hurds v>i$ 9 l5g? f m]e p>ticles :i* 7 some:at f9] ?an sawdu/ to pieces ab\t #c-a_/b in*es long1 exceptional pieces be+ f\nd :i* measur$ #f in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! majority ( ! long pieces 7 betwe5 #b & #c in*es 9 l5g?4 ,9 ?ickness ! pieces rang$ f "o-eigh? ( an in*1 9 case !y 7 d]iv$ f ! base ( ! hemp /alks1 to ab\t "o sixty-f\r? ( an in* 9 ^? pieces :i* 7 d]iv$ f ! top & bran*es ( ! /alks4 ,9 cross section ! pieces (t5 7 f\nd to be a qu>t] or half ( ! r\nd$ rectangul> woody %ell ( ! /alk1 al?\gh !re appe>$ to be no regul>ity 9 ?is respect4 ,f ! pulp-mak]'s /&po9t ! great irregul>ity 9 ?ickness1 l5g?1 & mass ( ! woody pieces militates decid$ly aga9/ economy 9 pulp production4 ,! small] pieces r$uce by *emical treatm5t soon] ?an ! l>g] fragm5ts & are !reby ov]treat$1 :i* results 9 a l[] yield ( cellulose fib] & a product compos$ ( und]treat$ & ov]treat$ fib]s1 ! production & use ( :i* are n satisfactory or economical4 ,x probably w\ld be f\nd m satisfactory1 !re=e1 to scre5 or sort ! hurds & treat ! v>i\s sizes sep>ately & diff]5tly4 ,associat$ ) ! hurds 0 a small quantity ( *aff & dirt1 compos$ *iefly ( s&1 soil1 p>ticles ( hemp leaves & fl[]s1 & o!r extrane\s matt]4 ,! s& & soil 7 pres5t because ( ! practice ( plac+ ! /alks 9 %ocks 9 ! field1 ! butts ( ! /alks be+ 9 contact ) ! soil4 ,x is a simple matt]1 h[ev]1 to remove ! *aff & dirt by siev+1 & ?is practice 0 foll[$ 9 mo/ ( ! pap] te/s conduct$ ) ?is mat]ial4 ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,te/s4 ,because ( ! simil>ity ( hemp hurds to o!r mat]ials :i* h be5 te/$ by ! ,(fice ( ,pap]-,plant ,inve/igations1 semicomm]cial te/s 7 conduct$ 9 coop]ation ) a pap] manufactur] )\t prelim9>y laboratory te/s4 ,laboratory pulp & pap] te/s are reg>d$ only z a prelim9>y to semicomm]cial te/s & !re=e are n employ$ unless ! mat]ial 9 "q pres5ts new features :i* %\ld receive inve/igation be=e l>g] siz$ te/s are und]tak54 ,! advantages ( coop]ative mill te/s are _m1 among :i* may be m5tion$ ! c\nsel & advice ( ! mill managem5t & employees1 ! s]vices ( specializ$ & skill$ labor1 facilities = comp>+ ! processes & ! results ( te/s ) comm]cial processes & results1 & ! use ( comm]cial or semicomm]cial types & sizes ( ma*9]y4 ,te/s conduct$ 9 ?is mann] & on ?is scale are ( a diff]5t quality ?an is possible 9 ^? conduct$ 9 a laboratory1 & ! results are susceptible ( comm]cial int]pretation ) a fair degree ( reliability4 ,x is f\nd1 9 g5]al1 t ! co/ ( secur+ su* equipm5t & s]vice = a complete & compreh5sive te/ does n exce$ #ejj1 :ile ! in/allation ( an equally satisfactory equipm5t alone w\ld co/ at lea/ #ej1jjj & 9 _m cases v mu* m4 ,te/s conduct$ 9 ?is mann] con/itute a direct demon/ration to ! manufactur]1 & ! results obta9$ are f\nd to c>ry m weight :5 pres5t$ to o!r manufactur]s = consid]ation4 ,x is well kn[n t ! me?od ( conduct+ te/s necess>ily v>ies ) ! size ( ! te/4 ,9 ! matt] ( yield det]m9ation1 = example1 laboratory te/s may be on su* a small scale t ! weigh+ & sampl+ ( ! result+ cellulose fib]s may be conduct$ by means ( *emical laboratory app>atus & analytical balance1 :ile 9 te/s involv+ a matt] ( #e to #aj p\nds ( mat]ial l>g] & diff]5t types ( equipm5t are necess>y4 ,:5 ! te/s are s increas$ 9 size z to employ #cjj or #djj p\nds1 /ill o!r types ( equipm5t are necess>y = ! treatm5t ( ! mat]ial & = a det]m9ation ( ! yield ( fib]4 ,9 te/s involv+ tons ( mat]ial ! equipm5t involves ! use ( ma*9es4 ,accuracy 9 degree ( control & 9 results w v>y mat]ially ) ! size ( ! te/4 ,z ! size ( ! te/ increases1 c]ta9 factors w v>y 9 a b5eficial mann]1 :ile o!rs w v>y 9 a detrim5tal mann]1 s x is a "q = ea* inve/igator to decide1 aft] tak+ all factors into consid]ation1 z to ! size ( te/ :i* w give ! mo/ satisfactory results4 ,9 "w ( ?is nature x is f\nd1 on ! :ole1 t bett] results are obta9$ 9 l>ge te/s1 al?\gh ! control ( ! factors & ! det]m9ation ( ! yield ( fib] are m difficult ?an 9 small] te/s4 ,9 ! te/s describ$ 9 ?is bullet91 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture employ$ a rot>y dige/] ( its own design1#b compris+ a %ell #e feet #e in*es 9 l5g? by #d feet 9 diamet]1 capable ( hold+ ab\t #cjj p\nds ( air-dry hurds4 ,x is believ$ t a te/ ( ?is size is l>ge en\gh to give satisfactory results & t ! results are susceptible ( comm]cial int]pretation1 :ile at ! same "t !y are suffici5tly small = complete control & to af=d fib]-yield figures :i* are bo? accurate & reliable4 ,two su* rot>y *>ges gave en\gh fib] = "o complete pap]-mak+ te/4 ,footnote #b3 ,= a description ( ?is rot>y dige/]1 see ,br&1 ,c4 ,j41 & ,m]rill1 ,j4 ,l41 ,zacaton z a pap]-mak+ mat]ial1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,bul4 #cji1 p4 #bh1 #aiae4 ,,op]ations ,,involv$ ,,9 ,a ,,te/4 ,a complete te/ on hurds comprises sev5 di/9ct op]ations1 & ! me?od w be describ$1 op]ation by op]ation1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 conduct$4 ,siev+4--,! hurds = ! fir/ te/ 7 n siev$ to remove s& & dirt1 b ! result+ pap] 0 s dirty t siev+ 0 practic$ 9 all subsequ5t te/s4 ,! hurds 7 rak$ along a horizontal galvaniz$-iron scre51 #ae feet long & #c feet wide1 ) #aa-a_/b me%es p] l9e> in*1 ! scre5 be+ agitat$ by h& f bel[4 ,v>i\s am\nts ( dirt & *aff c\ld be remov$1 dep5d+ on ! degree ( action1 b x 0 f\nd t if mu* m ?an #c p] c5t ( ! mat]ial 0 remov$ x consi/$ *iefly ( f9e pieces ( wood ) practically no additional s& or dirt2 9 mo/ ( ! te/s1 !re=e1 ! mat]ial 0 scre5$ s z to remove approximately #c p] c5t4 ,x became app>5t t a f9] scre5 w\ld probably s]ve z well & effect a sav+ ( small b good hurds4 ,cook+4--,cook+ is ! te*nical t]m = ! op]ation by :i* fibr\s raw mat]ials are r$uc$ to a residue ( cellulose pulp by means ( *emical treatm5t4 ,9 ^! te/s ab\t #cjj p\nds ( hurds 7 *>g$ into ! rot>y ) ! addition ( a cau/ic-soda solution1 su* z is regul>ly employ$ 9 pulp mills & :i* te/$ an av]age ( #aji4e grams ( cau/ic soda p] lit]1 or #j4iaf p\nd p] gallon1 & av]ag$ #he p] c5t cau/icity4 ,suffici5t cau/ic solution 0 add$ to furni% #be or #cj p] c5t ( actual cau/ic soda1 calculat$ on ! bone-dry weight ( hurds 9 ! *>ge4 ,aft] clos+ ! rot>y head1 x 0 />t$ rotat+ at ! rate ( "o-half revolution p] m9ute1 & 9 ab\t five m9utes /eam at #abj p\nds p] squ>e in* 0 admitt$ at su* a rate t ! *>ge 0 heat$ 9 "o h\r to #agj ,c41 :i* is ! !oretical equival5t ( #ajj p\nds ( /eam pressure p] squ>e in*4 ,x 0 f\nd1 h[ev]1 t :5 ! temp]ature rea*$ #agj ,c4 ! pressure 0 usually #aae or #abj p\nds in/ead ( #ajj p\nds1 due to air & gases inclos$ 9 ! rot>y4 ,at ?is po9t ! rot>y 0 /opp$ & /eam & air reliev$ until ! pressure dropp$ to #ajj p\nds1 or a solid /eam pressure4 ,! temp]ature 0 ma9ta9$ at ?is po9t = ! numb] ( h\rs requir$ to r$uce ! hurds1 :i* 0 f\nd to be ab\t five1 aft] :i* ! rot>y 0 /opp$ & /eam reliev$ until ! pressure 0 r$uc$ to z]o1 :5 ! head 0 remov$ & ! /ock 0 empti$ into a tank und]nea?1 measur+ #e-a_/b by #f by #b feet deep1 :]e x 0 dra9$ & wa%$4 ,samples ( wa/e soda solution or black liquor1 :i* 7 tak5 f "s ( ! cooks = analysis1 7 drawn :ile ! /ock 0 be+ ?us empti$ into ! dra9]4 ,det]m9ation ( yield4--,= det]m9+ ! yield ( cellulose fib] ! /ock 9 ! dra9 tank 0 wa%$ ) wat] until free f wa/e soda solution1 :51 by means ( a vacuum pump communicat+ ) ! space betwe5 ! bottom & ! false p]=at$ bottom1 ! wat] 0 suck$ f ! /ock1 leav+ ! fib] ) a v uni=m moi/ure cont5t ?r\gh\t its entire mass & 9 a condition suitable = remov+1 sampl+1 & weigh+ = a yield det]m9ation4 ,te/s h %[n t x is possible to sample & calculate ! yield ( bone-dry fib] )9 #j4je p] c5t ( ! actual am\nt4 ,x has be5 f\nd t /ocks f diff]5t mat]ials v>y greatly 9 _! ability to mat 9 ! dra9 tank1 !reby enabl+ a good vacuum to be obta9$1 "s /ocks p]mitt+ a #be-;in* vacuum to be obta9$1 :ile o!rs w n p]mit m ?an #e in*es4 ,= ?is reason ! moi/ure cont5t ( ! /ock w v>y f #fe to #he p] c5t4 ,wa%+ & blea*+4--,wa%+ & blea*+ 7 p]=m$ = ! purpose ( blea*+ ! br[n-color$ cook$ /ock to a :ite product1 s9ce x 0 reg>d$ z highly probable t ! fib] w\ld be suitable = book-pap] manufacture4 ,! color$ /ock 0 *>g$ into a #djj-p\nd beat+ & wa%+ eng9e ( regul> con/ruction & wa%$ ab\t "o h\r1 ! cyl9d] wa%] be+ cov]$ ) #fj-me% wire clo? 9 ord] to remove f9e loose dirt & *emical residues4 ,! wa%] 0 !n rais$1 ! /ock heat$ by /eam to ab\t #dj ,c41 & a solution ( comm]cial blea*+ p[d] 0 add$ 9 ! quantity judg$ to be necess>y1 aft] :i* ! /ock 0 pump$ to a l>ge wood5 tank1 to rema9 & blea* ov] night4 ,if ! /ock 0 blea*$ suffici5tly :ite x 0 dra9$ & wa%$ f blea* residues1 & if n m blea* 0 add$ until a good color 0 obta9$4 ,! blea*+ p[d] us$ 0 e/imat$ to conta9 #ce p] c5t ( available *lor91 z ?is is ! comm]cial practice1 & ! am\nt requir$ 0 calculat$ to ! bone-dry weight ( ! unblea*$ /ock4 ,m blea* is requir$ = und]cook$ /ock ?an = /ock :i* is prop]ly cook$ or ov]cook$2 !re=e1 ! p]c5tage ( blea* requir$ is an indication ( ! quality ( ! cook$ /ock4 ,s9ce blea*+ is usually m exp5sive ?an cook+1 x is desirable to cook to su* a degree t ! consumption ( blea* w be held )9 c]ta9 limits1 dep5d+ on ! raw mat]ials us$ & ! quality ( pap] to be produc$4 ,9 ^! te/s x 0 desirable s to cook ! hurds t ! consumption ( blea* w\ld n be ov] ab\t #aj p] c5t ( ! fib]4 ,furni%+4--,furni%+ is ! op]ation ( *>g+ ! beat+ eng9e ) ! desir$ k9d or k9ds ( fib] 9 ! prop] proportion & am\nt & ! add+ ( su* load+ & siz+ ag5ts z may be necess>y4 ,z %[n 9 ! record ( results1 ! furni% 9 ^! te/s consi/$ ( hurd /ock alone & ( v>i\s proportions ( hurds1 sulphite fib]1 & soda fib]4 ,! p]c5tages to be giv5 9 ! record ( ! furni%es ref] to ! p]c5tage ( ! total fib] furni%1 & ?is likewise applies to ! load+ & siz+ ag5ts4 ,9 case sulphite or soda fib] 0 us$1 ! comm]cial product 9 ! dry /ate 0 *>g$ into ! beat+ eng9e & dis9tegrat$1 aft] :i* ! hurd /ock 0 add$ 9 ! wet condition4 ,beat+4--,beat+ is t op]ation conc]n+ :i* ! pap] mak]s (t5 say !re is :]e ! pap] is really made1 & al?\gh ! /atem5t may n be lit]ally true x conta9s a great deal ( tru?4 ,x is ! op]ation :]eby ! fib]s are sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 r$uc$ to ! prop] l5g?s1 & put 9 su* a physical or *emical condition t !y felt prop]ly & =m into a satisfactory %eet4 ,x is probable t ! quality ( ! %eet dep5ds m ^u ! prop] beat] action ?an ^u any o!r s+le op]ation4 ,! action consi/s 9 draw+ a wat] susp5sion ( ! fib] betwe5 two sets ( r blunt knives1 "o set be+ locat$ 9 ! bottom ( a circulat+ tr\gh & ! o!r set on ! p]iph]y ( a roll revolv+ j above ! =m] set ( knives4 ,x is dur+ ?is op]ation t ! load+ & siz+ ag5ts are incorporat$ & ! :ole furni% is t9t$ ei!r to produce a satisfactory :ite or ! desir$ color4 ,! t]m pap] mak+1 z us$ 9 ?is publication1 means ! op]ation ( =m+ ! f9i%$ %eet ( pap] f /ock :i* has be5 furni%$ & prep>$ 9 ! beat]4 ,9 ^! te/s a #cj-;in* ,f\rdr9i] ma*9e ( regul> con/ruction 0 us$1 a ma*9e :i* (t5 is us$ = ! production ( pap] = fill+ regul> comm]cial ord]s4 ,! ma*9e is design$ to cause ! wat] susp5sion ( fib]s to fl[ on to a travel+ wire clo?1 :]eby ! wat] dra9s away4 ,m wat] is remov$ by pass+ ! wet %eet ?r\gh a s]ies ( press rolls1 aft] :i* ! %eet is dri$ on /eam-heat$ drums & pass$ ?r\gh poli%$ iron rolls1 :i* imp>t a f9i% to ! %eet4 ,a ,jordan ref9+ ma*9e 0 employ$ 9 conjunction ) ! ma*9e to improve fur!r ! quality ( ! fib]1 & a pulp scre5 0 us$ 9 ord] to remove co>se & extrane\s mat]ials f ! fib]4 ,,description ,,( ,,te/s4 ,! nature ( ea* complete pap] te/ & ! dep5d5ce ( ea* op]ation on ! o!rs 7 su* t x does n seem advisable to submit ! results ( ! sev5 te/s 9 tabul> =m4 ,! num]\s cooks1 h[ev]1 :i* furni%$ ! pulp = ! pap] te/s are pres5t$ 9 ,table ,i 9 all ess5tial detail4 ,,table ,i4--,data on cook+ hemp hurds4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,cook+ ,yield ( ,cau/ic ,/r5g? ( bone-dry soda us$ cau/ic soda,cau/icity------------------- fib] ,cook 7p]c5tage 7grams p] ( soda 7p]c5tage ,no4 ( bone-dry lit]74 solution4 ,"t ,temp]ature( bone-dry hurds74 7h\rs74 7,c47 unsiev$ hurds74 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #bic #bj4f #ajj #ge4c #c #aff #bid #ba #ajj #ge4c #c #aff #bie #ba4f #ajj #ge4c #c #aff #bif #bj4c #ajj #ge4c #c #aff #cja #ba4i #ajj #hb4e #d #aff #c #cjb #bd4d #ajj #hb4e #d #aff #cjc #bd4b #ajj #hd4c #d #aff #dd4a #cjd #be #ajj #hd4c #d #agj #ci4e #cje #be #ajj #hd4c #e #agj #ci4d #cjf #bg4h #ajg4e #hd4c #d #aff #cf4e #cjg #bf4g #ajg #hd4d #e #agj #ch4a #cjh #bf #ajg #hd4d #e #agj #cg4c #cji #bg4c #ajg #hd4d #e #agj_/ #caj #bg4a #ajg #hd4d #f #agj #cg4j #caa #bg4b #ajg #hd4d #f #agj #cf4h #cab #bh4c #aaf4e #he4e #e #agj #ce4i #cac #bi4a #aac4a #hd4i #e #agj #ce4b #cad #bi4a #aji #hc4i #e #agj_/ #cae #bi4d #aji #hc4i #e #agj #cd4i #caf #cj #aji4e #hd4i #e #agj #cg4b #cag #bi4f #aji4e #hd4i #e #agj #cg4j #cah #bi4f #ajg #hd4h #e #agj #cg4g #cai #bi4d #ajg4e #hd4b #e #agj #ce4d #cbj #bi4c #ajg4e #hd4b #e #agj_/ ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,footnote #c3 ,/ock n us$2 dirty4 ,discussion ( ! v>i\s cooks w be giv5 9 connection ) ! descriptions ( ^? pap] te/s 9 :i* ! /ocks f ! cooks 7 us$1 s9ce a /ock & its cook+ condition c be judg$ adequately only aft] x has be5 put ?r\gh ! v>i\s processes & into ! f9i%$ %eet ( pap]4 ,! fir/ te/ consi/$ 9 mak+ f\r sep>ate cooks1 ,nos4 #bic1 #bid1 #bie1 & #bif1 ( approximately #cjj p\nds ea*1 divid+ ! total /ock into two p>ts & mak+ two sep>ate pap] te/s4 ,! fir/ te/ 0 made prim>ily 9 ord] to le>n "s ( ! qualities & *>act]i/ics ( ! /ock & to get ! ma*9]y equipm5t adju/$ prop]ly4 ,! yield ( fib] 0 n det]m9$ 9 ?is prelim9>y te/1 s9ce ! k ( x 0 n ess5tial at ?is /age ( ! "w4 ,! cook$ /ock :i* 0 empti$ into ! dra9] to be wa%$ free f black liquor 0 compos$ l>gely ( :ole pieces ( hurds1 b only slight pressure betwe5 ! f+]s 0 requir$ to cru% ! pieces4 ,9 ! case ( wood1 ?is condition ord9>ily w\ld indicate und]cook+1 b might n 9 ! case ( hurds4 ,fur!r obs]vation on ! action ( ! cook$ /ock dur+ subsequ5t processes 0 necess>y 9 ord] to judge ( its quality or ! suitability ( ! cook+ conditions4 ,! total cook$ /ock1 ab\t #ejj p\nds1 0 divid$ into two portions ( #bjj & #cjj p\nds1 respectively1 & "w 0 cont9u$ on !m sep>ately4 ,! #bjj-p\nd te/1 designat$ z run ,no4 #ace1 0 put into a #cej-p\nd wa%+ eng9e1 wa%$ "o h\r1 & giv5 a total light bru% ( #b-a_/d h\rs4 ,! wa%+ remov$ a great am\nt ( dirt1 b ! eng9e did n r$uce ! hurd /ock z mu* z 0 desir$4 ,aft] heat+ ! /ock 9 ! beat] to #dj ,c41 x 0 blea*$ ) blea*+-p[d] solution1 #id gallons at #j4dah p\nd blea* p] gallon1 equival5t to #ai4g p] c5t ( ! fib]4 ,?is p]c5tage ( blea* is reg>d$ z too high = /ock int5d$ = book-pap] manufacture1 & subsequ5t cooks !re=e 7 giv5 h>d] treatm5t 9 ord] to r$uce ?is figure4 ,aft] dra9+ & wa%+ free f blea* residues1 ! /ock 0 furni%$ 9 ! beat] ) #ac p] c5t ( clay1 #a p] c5t ( res9 size1 & #b4e p] c5t ( alum1 0 t9t$ blue1 giv5 "o h\r's light bru%1 & pump$ to ! /ock *e/4 ,:5 runn+ x on ! pap] ma*9e1 ! ,jordan ref9] seem$ to h little effect 9 r$uc+ %ives ( und]treat$ wood1 :i* indicat$ fur!r ! necessity ( h>d] cook+4 ,! furni% act$ well on ! pap] ma*9e at #gj feet p] m9ute1 b appe>$ some:at too free on ! wire4 ,! pap] produc$ f ?is te/ is ( v l[ quality1 due to ! improp] prep>ation ( ! /ock1 lack ( suffici5t blea*1 ! use ( too small an am\nt ( blue t9t+1 & ! pres5ce ( an excessive am\nt ( dirt1 s&1 & %ives4 ,! excessive am\nt ( dirt & s& sugge/$ ! siev+ ( ! hurds be=e cook+1 & ?is 0 p]=m$ 9 all subsequ5t cooks4 ,! f9i% ( ! %eet is v poor1 due to ! fact t ! cal5d] /ack 0 compos$ ( v light rolls :i* did n h a satisfactory surface1 yet ! /ack is kn[n to be able to produce bett] f9i%es if ! prop] /ock is employ$4 ,run ,no4 #acf 0 made on ! #cjj-p\nd portion ( /ock f cooks ,nos4 #bic1 #bid1 #bie1 & #bif1 & 9 ess5tially ! same mann] z run ,no4 #ace4 ,! /ock 0 wa%$ "o h\r1 b giv5 a bru% ( ?ree h\rs1 & ?is bru% 0 h>d] ?an 9 run ,no4 #ace4 ,blea* to ! ext5t ( #ai4h p] c5t ( ! fib] 0 us$1 assi/$ by #a p9t ( oil ( vitriol1 & ! result+ color 0 an improvem5t ov] t ( run ,no4 #ace4 ,aft] add+ #ac4e p] c5t ( clay & siz+ ) #a4a p] c5t ( res9 size1 ! furni% 0 giv5 "o-half h\r's light bru%1 t9t$1 & run on ! ma*9e1 :i* 0 set at #gj feet p] m9ute4 ,?is /ock act$ bett] on ! wire & gave no tr\ble on ! ma*9e1 b x /ill seem$ to be impossible to r$uce ! wood %ives by manipulation ( ! ,jordan ref9]4 ,! result+ %eet is an improvem5t ov] t produc$ by ,no4 #ace1 b is f> f satisfactory4 ,run ,no4 #ach 0 made f hurds :i*1 z 9 all subsequ5t te/s1 7 siev$ on a #aa-a_/b-me% wire scre5 until practically all ! loose dirt & s& 0 remov$1 :i* op]ation caus$ a loss av]ag+ #c p] c5t ( ! hurds4 ,/ock f cooks ,nos4 #cjb & #cjc 0 us$ = ?is run & ! increas$ am\nt ( cau/ic soda & ! increase 9 ! "t ( cook+ gave a /ock ( bett] appe>ance ?an ^? ( prec$+ te/s4 ,! /ock1 am\nt+ to #bca p\nds dry weight1 0 wa%$ & at ! same "t giv5 a light bru% = "o h\r only1 aft] :i* x 0 blea*$ ) #ag p] c5t ( blea* )\t ! addition ( acid4 ,s9ce ! prec$+ pap] appe>$ some:at weak & _h a l[ te>+ quality1 x 0 decid$ to use a furni% ( #ae4g p] c5t blea*$ sulphite & #hd4c p] c5t blea*$ hemp-hurd /ock4 ,aft] load+ ) #ac4a p] c5t ( clay & siz+ ) #a4a p] c5t ( res9 size1 ! furni% 0 giv5 a m$ium bru% = "o h\r1 t9t$1 & run on to ! ma*9e at #gj feet p] m9ute4 ,! /ock gave no tr\ble on ! ma*9e1 b x 0 impossible to judge ! effect ( ! ,jordan ref9]1 because ?r\gh an ov]sight ! ma*9e *e/ _h n be5 clean$ s9ce previ\s use on an unblea*$ yucca mat]ial4 ,x is believ$1 h[ev]1 t %eet ,no4 #ach %[s improvem5t 9 ! prep>ation ( ! hurd pulp4 ,run ,no4 #aci 0 made f /ock ( cooks ,nos4 #cjd & #cje1 9 :i* /ill m cau/ic soda 0 employ$ & ! "t & temp]ature ( cook+ 7 increas$1 giv+ a yield ( total fib] ( #dj4g p] c5t ( ! siev$ or #ci4d p] c5t ( ! unsiev$ hurds4 ,! cook$ /ock /ill seem$ to be und]treat$1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 work+ ) any new raw mat]ial x is impossible to "k 9 advance h[ ! prop]ly treat$ mat]ial %\ld appe>4 ,a wa%+ ( "o h\r 0 giv5 :ile ! roll 0 l[]$ f a light to a m$ium bru%1 aft] :i* ! /ock 0 blea*$ ) #ag4a p] c5t ( blea* )\t ! aid ( acid4 ,s9ce sulphite /ock improv$ ! previ\s pap]1 ?is blea*$ /ock 0 us$ 9 a furni% ( #af4f p] c5t sulphite & #hc4d p] c5t hurds1 load$ ) #af4g p] c5t clay1 siz$ ) #a4d p] c5t res9 size1 giv5 a m$ium bru% ( two h\rs1 t9t$1 & run on to ! ma*9e at #gj feet p] m9ute4 ,! ,jordan ref9] seem$ to h little effect 9 r$uc+ %ives & 0 !re=e left j (f4 ,no tr\ble 0 exp]i5c$ ) ! /ock on ! ma*9e1 & ! %eet is an improvem5t ov] previ\s samples4 ,run ,no4 #adj 0 made f cooks ,nos4 #cjf & #cjg1 9 :i* m cau/ic soda 0 employ$ ?an 9 any previ\s cooks & at a high] conc5tration1 ! fib] yields ( :i* av]ag$ #cg4c p] c5t ( ! unsiev$ hurds4 ,n mu* improvem5t 0 app>5t 9 ! cook$ /ock1 9 spite ( ! increas$ sev]ity ( cook+4 ,! /ock 0 wa%$ & giv5 a m$ium bru% = "o h\r1 blea*$ ) #aa4i p] c5t ( blea*1 assi/$ ) "o-half p9t ( oil ( vitriol1 & made into a furni% ( #ad4i p] c5t sulphite & #he4a p] c5t ( ! hurd /ock4 ,aft] load+ ) #ad4g p] c5t ( clay & siz+ ) #a4bh p] c5t ( res9 size1 ! furni% 0 giv5 two h\rs' m$ium bru%1 t9t$1 & run on to ! pap] ma*9e at #gj feet p] m9ute4 ,aga9 ! ,jordan ref9] did n seem to r$uce ! wood %ives suffici5tly1 & x 0 left j (f4 ,no tr\ble :i* c\ld be attribut$ to ! /ock 0 exp]i5c$ on ! pap] ma*9e4 ,! color ( ! result+ pap] is due to ! use ( too little blue 9 t9t+ & probably 9 "s measure to ! use ( too l[ a p]c5tage ( blea*4 ,run ,no4 #ada 0 made f ! /ock ( cooks ,nos4 #cjh & #cji 9 practically ! same mann] z run ,no4 #adj4 ,! /ock 0 wa%$ & bru%$ "o h\r1 blea*$ 7! record ( ! am\nt ( blea* 0 lo/71 made into a furni% ( #ad4g p] c5t ( sulphite & #he4c p] c5t ( hurd /ock1 load$ ) #ad4i p] c5t ( clay1 siz$ ) #a4bf p] c5t ( res9 size1 giv5 "o h\r at a m$ium bru%1 t9t$1 & run on to ! ma*9e4 ,! ,jordan ref9] 0 able to r$uce ! wood %ives to a some:at great] degree ?an 9 previ\s runs & 0 held at a m$ium bru%4 ,! /ock act$ well on ! ma*9e & produc$ a %eet ( bett] quality ?an any prec$+1 ) ! exception ( ! color1 :i* 0 due to us+ too small a quantity ( blue4 ,among ! cooks made = run ,no4 #adb are ,nos4 #cab & #cac1 9 :i* ! conc5tration ( ! cau/ic soda 0 rais$ to #aac & #aaf grams p] lit] & ! p]c5tage employ$ 0 also increas$4 ,9 spite ( ^! increases ! /ock f ^! two cooks did n %[ any appreciable improvem5t :5 dump$ f ! rot>y4 ,/ock f cooks ,nos4 #caj1 #caa1 & #cab 0 giv5 a m$ium bru% & wa%+ ( "o h\r1 blea*$ ) #aj4ie p] c5t ( blea*1 made into a furni% consi/+ ( #ae4b p] c5t ( sulphite & #hd4h p] c5t ( hurd /ock1 load$ ) #ae4b p] c5t ( clay1 siz$ ) #a4bh p] c5t ( res9 size1 giv5 a m$ium bru% = "o h\r1 t9t$1 & pump$ to ! /ock *e/4 ,/ock f cooks ,nos4 #cac & #cad 0 treat$ 9 exactly ! same mann]1 except t #aa4d p] c5t ( blea* 0 us$4 ,x 0 pump$ to ! /ock *e/ & mix$ ) ! furni%$ /ock f cooks ,nos4 #caj1 #caa1 & #cab4 ,a m$ium ,jordan bru% 0 giv5 ! /ock & x act$ well on ! pap] ma*9e1 :i* 0 spe$$ to #ge feet p] m9ute4 ,!re seems to be a t5d5cy 9 ! hurd /ock to cru% a little at ! d&y roll1 & al?\gh ! m>ks are n remov$ by ! cal5d] /ack :i* 0 employ$ 9 ^? te/s x 0 f\nd t "o nip on ! sup]cal5d]s r5d]s !m practically imp]ceptible & x is believ$ t ! prop] size & weight ( cal5d] /ack w\ld entirely remove ^! m>ks4 ,all ( ! pap]s produc$ up to ?is po9t are some:at lack+ 9 ! bulk desir$ 9 a book pap]2 !re=e1 9 ! two foll[+ runs soda-popl> /ock 0 includ$ 9 ! furni%es4 ,9 run ,no4 #adc /ock f cooks ,nos4 #cae & #caf 0 giv5 a m$ium bru% & wa%+ = "o h\r & 0 m$ium bru%$ = "o h\r m1 blea*$ ) #aa4c p] c5t ( blea* assi/$ ) "o-half p9t ( oil ( vitriol1 made into a furni% ( #af4e p] c5t ( sulphite1 #bb4c p] c5t ( soda popl>1 & #fa4b p] c5t ( hurd /ock1 load$ ) #bb p] c5t ( clay1 siz$ ) #a4ch p] c5t ( res9 size1 giv5 a h>d bru% = "o h\r1 t9t$ v /rongly1 & pump$ to ! /ock *e/4 ,?is /ock 0 beat5 to a great] ext5t ?an 9 previ\s runs4 ,! /ock 0 run on ! pap] ma*9e at a spe$ ( #ge feet p] m9ute1 us+ a m$ium ,jordan bru%1 & no tr\ble :atsoev] 0 exp]i5c$4 ,n ov] #b p\nds ( broke 0 produc$ dur+ ! :ole run1 & t 0 9 ! ?read+ ( ! ma*9e4 ,! color ( ! %eet is entirely satisfactory = _m uses4 ,! wood %ives app>5tly 7 r$uc$ to a satisfactory degree4 ,exp]i5c$ pap] mak]s comm5t$ v favorably on ! runn+ ( ?is furni% & ! quality ( ! pap] produc$4 ,run ,no4 #add 0 int5d$ z a duplicate ( run ,no4 #adc4 ,/ock f cooks ,nos4 #cag & #cah 0 giv5 a m$ium bru% & wa%+ = "o h\r & a fur!r m$ium bru% ( "o h\r1 blea*$ ) #aa4d p] c5t ( blea*1 & made into a furni% compos$ ( #ae4e p] c5t ( sulphite1 #bc4e p] c5t ( soda popl>1 & #fa p] c5t ( hurd /ock1 load$ ) #ba4d p] c5t ( clay1 siz$ ) #a4ag p] c5t ( res9 size1 h>d bru%$ = "o h\r1 t9t$ by ! exp]t color] ( ! company1 & pump$ to ! /ock *e/4 ,/ock f cooks ,nos4 #cai & #cbj 0 treat$ 9 exactly ! same mann] except t ! /ock 0 blea*$ ) #ab4a p] c5t ( blea* & pump$ to ! /ock *e/ to mix ) ! =m] furni%4 ,! /ock act$ v well on ! ma*9e1 :i* 0 spe$$ to #ge feet p] m9ute1 ) ! ,jordan ref9] set at a m$ium bru%4 ,! %eet is z good1 if n bett]1 ?an t ( run ,no4 #adc1 & x is also a good illu/ration ( ! ext5t to :i* prop] t9t+ w enhance ! g5]al appe>ance ( a pap]4 ,! poor appe>ance ( ! samples ( previ\s runs is due l>gely to lack ( prop] t9t+4 ,v>i\s degrees ( :it5ess1 h[ev]1 are dem&$ by ! trade4 ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,te/s ,,& ,,comm]cial ,,practice4 ,9 "w ( ?is nature & on ?is scale x is practically impossible to arrive at a co/ figure :i* w\ld be susceptible ( comm]cial int]pretation1 & 9 ?is prelim9>y publication no?+ w be attempt$ beyond a comp>ison ( ! process us$ ) ! hurds ) t process comm]cially appli$ to popl> wood4 ,! process la/ us$ ) ! hurds %\ld n be reg>d$ z f9al1 satisfactory1 or mo/ suitable1 z x has be5 %[n t progress 0 be+ made up to ! conclusion ( ! "w4 ,9 comp>+ ! me?od ( us+ hurds ) ! me?od ( h&l+ popl> wood1 a diff]5ce is app>5t on ! deliv]y ( raw mat]ial at ! mill4 ,ord9>ily1 popl> is receiv$ at ! mill 9 ! =m ( logs ab\t #d feet 9 l5g?1 :i* may be /or$ 9 piles 9 ! op54 ,hurds v likely w\ld be receiv$ bal$1 & x w\ld seem advisable to /ore !m "u cov] = ! foll[+ reasons3 7a7 ,bal$ hurds w\ld probably absorb & reta9 m wat] dur+ wet wea!r ?an logs ( wood1 !reby caus+ excessive dilution ( ! cau/ic liquor2 7b7 prolong$ excessive dampness might create heat+ & det]ioration unless ! hemp 7 prop]ly rett$2 7c7 wet hurds c\ld n be siev$ free f s& & *aff4 ,%\ld fur!r "w %[ t ! fir/ two reasons ne$ n be tak5 into consid]ation1 ! ?ird objection might be ov]come by siev+ ! hurds be=e bal+4 ,ev5 !n1 x is probable t bal$ hurds /or$ 9 ! op5 w\ld accumulate & reta9 consid]able dirt f factory *imneys1 locomotives1 & w9d4 ,*eck$ pulp wood expos$ 9 ! op5 inv>iably suff]s f ^! causes4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! raw mat]ial = ! dige/]s !re is likewise consid]able diff]5ce betwe5 hurds & popl> wood4 ,! =m] app>5tly requires only a mod]ate siev+ to remove s& & *aff1 :i* op]ation d\btless w\ld require only a small am\nt ( labor & ! in/allation ( "s simple ma*9]y ( l[ p[] consumption4 ,9 prep>+ popl> = dige/ion1 ! #d-;foot logs are *ipp$ by a heavy1 comp>atively exp5sive *ipp] ( high p[] consumption1 aft] :i* ! *ips are sort$ by siev+1 ! l>ge pieces be+ re*ipp$4 ,!re w\ld be a notewor?y diff]5ce 9 ! in/allation1 op]at+1 & depreciation co/s ( ! two equipm5ts1 & ?is diff]5ce w\ld c\nt]balance to a consid]able ext5t ! diff]5ce 9 co/ ( raw mat]ial /orage4 ,x is possible t 9 ! use ( ! *ip l(t m c>e w\ld h to be ex]cis$ 9 us+ hurds because ( ! t5d5cy ( ! ba/ fib] to cause lodgm5ts1 b ?is %\ld n be consid]$ a s]i\s difficulty4 ,! weight ( hurds :i* are capable ( be+ *>g$ into a rot>y is a decid$ly unfavorable factor4 ,! weight ( a cubic foot ( hurds v>ies some:at ) ! proportion ( ba/ fib]1 b av]ages ab\t #e4d p\nds1 :i*1 comp>$ ) a cubic foot ( popl> *ips at #h4ic p\nds1 repres5ts a dige/] *>ge ( #fj4e p] c5t ( ! weight ( a popl>-wood *>ge1 or1 9 t]ms ( fib] capacity1 ! hurds *>ge w\ld yield #ch4f p] c5t z mu* fib] z ! wood *>ge4 ,! hurds ^u be+ bal$ = transportation may be brok5 & cru%$ to su* a degree t ! weight ( ! *>ge may be increas$1 & x might be f\nd possible to increase ! *>ge weight by /eam+ or by ! employm5t ( tamp+ devices4 ,?is small weight ( *>ge con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s objections to ! use ( hurds 9 pap] manufacture4 ,9 ^? te/s 9 :i* ! mo/ satisfactory results 7 obta9$1 ! cook+ conditions 7 #bi4e p] c5t ( cau/ic soda at a conc5tration ( #ajg grams p] lit] & a cau/icity ( #hd4j p] c5t act+ at a temp]ature ( #agj ,c4 = five h\rs1 or a total "t ( sev5 h\rs4 ,! /eam cond5sation 9 ! rot>y us$ = ^! te/s 0 abnormally high1 due to ! fact t ! /eam supply pipe 0 uncov]$ = a consid]able di/ance & ! rot>y 0 entirely uncov]$4 ,x is believ$1 !re=e1 t a l>g] am\nt ( cau/ic 0 necess>y ?an w\ld o!rwise h be5 ! case4 ,?is belief is /r5g!n$ by ! quality ( ! wa/e liquor f "o ( ! lat] cooks1 :i* gave on analysis #af4he grams p] lit] ( free cau/ic soda & %[$ a cau/icity ( #bg4ge p] c5t4 ,^! data %[ t only #fg4c p] c5t ( ! total cau/ic employ$ 0 actually consum$ 9 ! cook+ op]ation1 :i* p]c5tage is l[] ?an obta9s 9 practice4 ,! /ock f ?is cook 0 blea*$ ) #aa4e p] c5t ( blea*4 ,b ev5 z ! figures /&1 ! comp>ison ) popl> cook+ practice is z foll[s3 #bi4e p] c5t cau/ic soda us$ z aga9/ #bb to #be p] c5t2 #ajg grams p] lit] z aga9/ #ajj to #aaj2 #hd p] c5t cau/icity is little diff]5t ?an obta9s 9 practice2 #agj ,c4 is ab\t comm]cial practice2 five h\rs at pressure z aga9/ f\r to six h\rs2 sev5 h\rs' total "t z aga9/ possibly six to eight h\rs2 #aa4e p] c5t blea* z aga9/ #h to #aj p] c5t4 ,?us1 x is evid5t t ! cook+ conditions employ$ 7 slightly m sev]e & exp5sive ?an ^? 9 comm]cial use ) popl> wood4 ,! yield ( total fib] obta9$ f ! hurds may be plac$ at #ce p] c5t ( bone-dry fib] calculat$ on ! bone-dry weight ( hurds us$1 or #cc4a p] c5t ( air-dry fib] calculat$ on air-dry hurds4 ,! yield ( blea*$ fib] 0 n det]m9$ 9 ?is prelim9>y "w1 b may be safely e/imat$ z #cj p] c5t1 :i* is l[ :5 comp>$ ) a yield ( ab\t #dg p] c5t ( bone-dry blea*$ fib] f bone-dry popl> wood4 ,x is believ$ q possible t satisfactory cook+ conditions may be f\nd :i* w give a high] yield ?an 0 obta9$ dur+ ^! te/s4 ,! /ock %\ld be class$ z easy blea*+1 & #aa4d p] c5t ( blea* is a satisfactory figure1 al?\gh a little high4 ,z to beat+ co/1 9 ! la/ two & mo/ satisfactory te/s ! total wa%+ & beat+ "t 0 ?ree h\rs1 :i* may be ab\t an h\r m ?an ord9>ily is us$ 9 mak+ pap]s ( ?is grade1 al?\gh ! practice v>ies to a consid]able ext5t4 ,9 reg>d to furni%1 !re is su* a div]sity ( practice t x is difficult to make a comp>ison1 b if ! hurd /ock c be produc$ z *eaply z soda-popl> /ock1 ! furni% us$ 9 ^! la/ two te/s %\ld be reg>d$ z satisfactory to ! book & pr9t+ pap] manufactur]4 ,! f9i% ( ! pap] 0 n all t might be desir$1 b t 0 due almo/ entirely to ! cal5d] /ack available = ! "w1 :i* 0 compos$ ( n9e light rolls1 _m ( :i* 7 ab\t #f in*es 9 diamet] & :i* _h n be5 regr\nd = "s "t4 ,f a small te/ on a l>ge cal5d] /ack x 0 readily %[n t ! pap] produc$ is capable ( tak+ a satisfactory f9i%4 ,?is comp>ison1 satisfactory 9 _m respects1 develops two factors :i* are decid$ly unfavorable to hemp hurds1 namely1 raw-mat]ial /orage & dige/] capacity1 & !y mu/ be tak5 into full acc\nt 9 consid]+ ! pap]-mak+ value ( ?is mat]ial1 al?\gh x %\ld be recogniz$ t inve/igation may result 9 ! mat]ial improvem5t ( ^! conditions4 ,moreov]1 x is n at all improbable t fur!r inve/igation w\ld develop m satisfactory treat+ conditions & m suitable furni% compositions1 & ! belief 9 ?is possibility is /r5g!n$ by ! fact t mat]ial progress 0 be+ made at ! conclusion ( ?is prelim9>y "w4 ,calculations on ! raw mat]ial & acreage = a p]man5t supply = a pulp mill produc+ #be tons ( fib] a day = #cjj days p] annum1 or #g1ejj tons p] annum1 give ! comp>ison betwe5 hurds & wood %[n 9 ,table ,,ii4 ,,table ,,ii4--,comp>ison betwe5 wood & hemp hurds4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,acres requir$ = su/a9$ supply4 ------------------- ,raw mat]ial ,annual ,mat]ial4 ,pulp yield4 requir$ p] gr[? ,= ,= #a ton ye>4 p] acre4 #be-ton ( fib] mill4 p] ye>4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,wood ,two cords #ae1jjj cords #j4cg cord #dj1ejj #e4d yield #a ton 7ab\t ( fib]4 #j4ee ton74 ,hemp hurds ,"o ton #be1jjj tons #b4e tons #aj1jjj #a4cc yields #fjj p\nds ( fib]4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,! mo/ important po9t d]iv$ f ?is calculation is 9 reg>d to areas requir$ = a su/a9$ supply1 :i* are 9 ! ratio ( #d to #a4 ,e tract ( #aj1jjj acres :i* is devot$ to hemp rais+ ye> by ye> is equival5t to a su/a9$ pulp-produc+ capacity ( #dj1ejj acres ( av]age pulp-wood l&s4 ,9 o!r words1 9 ord] to secure additional raw mat]ial = ! production ( #be tons ( fib] p] day !re exi/s ! possibility ( utiliz+ ! agricultural wa/e already produc$ on #aj1jjj acres ( hemp l&s in/ead ( secur+1 hold+1 re=e/+1 & protect+ #dj1ejj acres ( pulp-wood l&4 ,! annual gr[? p] acre1 al?\gh decid$ly 9 favor ( hurds1 has little be>+ on ! project1 because ! utilization ( ! hurds is subord9ate to ! rais+ ( hemp1 & ! pap] manufactur] probably c\ld af=d to use only hurds result+ f ! hemp indu/ry4 ,,physical ,,te/s ,,( ,,! ,,pap]s ,,produc$4 ,samples ( pap] produc$ 9 ! sev5 te/s 7 submitt$ to ! ,lea!r & ,pap] ,laboratory ( ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry4 ,! report ( t bureau on its te/s is giv5 9 ,table ,,iii4 ,,table ,,iii4--,report ( ! ,lea!r & ,pap] ,laboratory ( ! ,bureau ( ,*emi/ry on pap]s manufactur$ f hemp hurds4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,weight ( #ejj ,laboratory ,run %eets4 ,?ickness1 ,no4 ,no4 ,a%4 ------------------ #a_/ajjjj4 #be by #ch4be by #dj4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,p] ct4 ,p\nds4,p\nds4 #caegj #add #ac4i #dh #ej-a_/b #cc #caega #adc #ad4e #di #ea-a_/b #ce #caegb #adb #i4e #di-a_/b #eb #cc #caegc #ada #aj4i #dh #ej-a_/b #ch #caegd #adj #aa4d #db #dd #cj ,transcrib]'s #caege #aci #ac4d #ee #eh #dj note3 ,table ,,iii #caegf #ach #aj4d #ef #ei #dj cont9ues bel[ ---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,/r5g? 7,mull574 ,fold+ endurance4 ,laboratory ,/r5g? ,no4 ------------------------ factor ------------------------ 7#be by #dj1 ,av]age4,maximum4,m9imum4 #ejj74 ,longitud9al4,transv]se4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #caegj #ae4j #ag4j #aa4j #j4cj #e #c #caega #ad4j #ad4j #ac4j 4#bh #d #d #caegb #ai4j #bj4j #ai4j 4#cg #h #f #caegc #af4e #ah4j #aa4j 4#cc #aj #h #caegd #ad4e #af4j #ac4j 4#cc #g #f #caege #ai4e #bj4j #ag4j 4#cd #h #e #caegf #bj4j #bj4j #ai4j 4#cd #bc #ae ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,!re is no sy/em ( num]ically record+ ! g5]al appe>ance & look ?r\gh ( a pap]1 b x c be /at$ t only pap]s ,nos4 #adc & #add are satisfactory 9 ^! respects1 ! o!r samples be+ m or less ?ickly speck$ ) %ives4 ,! g5]al "* & te/s ( ^! pap]s correspond v closely ) ,no4 #a ma*9e-f9i% pr9t+ pap]1 accord+ to ! specifications ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 :i* call = a %eet n exce$+ #j4jjce in* 9 ?ickness1 /r5g? n less ?an #ab po9ts1 free f unblea*$ or gr\nd wood pulp1 & a% n ov] #aj p] c5t4 ,! /r5g? factor ( su* pap]s is ab\t #j4bh4 ,! a% %\ld n be ov] #aj p] c5t = ?is grade ( pap]1 b 9 spite ( ! l>g] am\nt us$ ! physical te/s are suffici5tly high4 ,x is to be not$ t ! physical te/s ( samples ,nos4 #ach to #adb1 inclusive1 are high] ?an 9 ,nos4 #adc & #add1 9 :i* #bc p] c5t ( soda popl> 0 us$1 :i* %[s cle>ly t hemp-hurd /ock imp>ts /r5g? & fold+ endurance to a great] ext5t ?an does soda-popl> /ock4 ,f ^! prelim9>y te/s x w\ld be conclud$1 !re=e1 t hemp-hurd /ock acts simil>ly to soda-popl> /ock1 b w produce a some:at h>%] & /rong] %eet & "o ( high] fold+ endurance4 ,und\bt$ly1 !re is m dirt 9 ! samples ?an w\ld be tol]at$ by ! trade1 b ?is 0 to be expect$1 s9ce 9 ?is prelim9>y "w ! raw mat]ial 0 siev$ by h& scre5s in/ead ( by automatic ma*9es :i* w\ld sieve m ?or\ghly4 ,,conclusions4 ,!re appe>s to be little d\bt t "u ! pres5t sy/em ( =e/ use & consumption ! pres5t supply c n )/& ! dem&s plac$ ^u x4 ,by ! "t improv$ me?ods ( =e/ry h e/abli%$ an equilibrium betwe5 production & consumption1 ! price ( pulp wood may be su* t a k ( o!r available raw mat]ials may be imp]ative4 ,semicomm]cial pap]-mak+ te/s 7 conduct$1 !re=e1 on hemp hurds1 9 coop]ation ) a pap] manufactur]4 ,aft] sev]al trials1 "u conditions ( treatm5t & manufacture :i* are reg>d$ z favorable 9 comp>ison ) ^? us$ ) pulp wood1 pap] 0 produc$ :i* receiv$ v favorable comm5t bo? f inve/igators & f ! trade & :i* accord+ to (ficial te/s w\ld be class$ z a ,no4 #a ma*9e-f9i% pr9t+ pap]4