,,if ,,y',,re ,,go+ ,,to ,,live ,,9 ,,! 
,,c\ntry  ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,riv]side   
,,home ,,recon/ruct$ ,,f ,,! ,,ru9s ,,( 
,,an ,,old ,,mill  ,photo by ,samuel ,h4
 ,gotts*o   ,rob]tson ,w>d1 ar*itect    
,,if ,,y',,re ,,go+ ,,to ,,live ,,9 ,,! 
,,c\ntry  ,,by ,,?omas ,h4 ,,ormsbee ,,&
 ,,ri*mond ,,huntley  ,illu/ration      
,,decorations ,,by ,,frank ,,lieb]man   
,illu/ration  ,,?omas ,y4 ,,cr[ell      
,,company ,,publi%]s   ,,new ,,york     
,,copyright1 #aicg  ,,by ,,?omas ,y4    
,,cr[ell ,,company      ,all rights     
res]v$4 ,no "p ( ?is book may be        
reproduc$ 9 any     =m except by a      
review] :o may quote brief passages 9 a 
review     to be pr9t$ 9 a magaz9e or   
newspap]4  ,,manufactur$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$
 ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,by ,,!          
,,vail-,,ball\ ,,press1 ,,inc41         
,,b+hamton1 ,n4 ,y4     ,to ,,c>roll &  
,,!rese ,,ni*ols     ,,ackn[l$gm5ts     
,no book t cov]s s _m phases ( human    
relation%ips c\ld be compil$ )\t tak+   
advice f ^? :o are speciali/s4 ,:5 we h 

want$ to "k facts1 we h freely turn$ to 
o!rs ^: detail$ k repres5t$ long        
exp]i5ce4 ,= ?is assi/ance we are       
p>ticul>ly indebt$ to3 ,m4 ,%al] ,all51 
,bruce ,mill>1 ,mrs4 ,h]b]t ,q4 ,br[n1 &
 ,george ,s4 ,platts2 also1 to ,h\se    
,g>d51 9 :i* p>ts ( ?is book appe>$     
s]ially2 & to ,miss ,eleanor ,v4 ,se>+ =
 _m h\rs sp5t read+ manuscript4  ,new   
,canaan1 ,conn4    ,april #aicg         
,,cont5ts                               
,,page  ,,introduction                  
xi  ,,*apt]     ,i4 ,,:y ,,live ,,9 ,,! 
,,c\ntry                  #c    ,,ii4   
,,select+ ,,! ,,location                
#ai   ,,iii4 ,,%opp+ ,,= ,,prop]ty      
#ce    ,,iv4 ,,call ,,9 ,,an ,,ar*itect 
#eg     ,v4 ,,build+ ,,v]sus ,,remodel+ 
#gc    ,,vi4 ,,look+ ,,an ,,old ,,h\se  
,,9 ,,! ,,m\?       #ia   ,,vii4 ,,new  
,,sites ,,= ,,old ,,h\ses               
#aje  ,,viii4 ,,! ,,smoke ,,goes ,,up   
,,! ,,*imney          #aba    ,,ix4 ,,! 
,,"q ,,( ,,wat] ,,supply           #aci 
,x4 ,,sewage ,,safety                   

#aec    ,,xi4 ,,decorations ,,&         
,,furni%+s            #afe   ,,xii4 ,,! 
,,factory ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,h\se           
#agi  ,,xiii4 ,,pets ,,& ,,live/ock     
#aia   ,,xiv4 ,,tight5+ ,,= ,,w9t]      
#bjc    ,,xv4 ,,keep+ ,,home ,,fires ,,9
 ,,_! ,,place      #bae   ,,xvi4 ,,:5   
,,?+s ,,g ,,wrong                   #bbg
  ,,xvii4 ,,work+ ,,) ,,nature          
#bdc     ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations   ,a  
riv]side home recon/ruct$ f ! ru9s ( an 
old mill                                
,frontispiece ,rob]tson ,w>d1 ar*itect4 
,photo by ,gotts*o                      
,,fac+ ,,page  ,! ,ogd5 h\se1           
,fairfield1 ,conn4 ,built be=e #agje1 x 
has be5 re/or$ to pres]ve ! orig9al     
details          #ab  ,miss ,m>y ,allis 
,an old f>mh\se 9 ! r\gh                
#cf  ,photo by ,john ,runyon  ,a really 
,e>ly ,am]ican int]ior4 ,! great        
fireplace ( ! ,wayside ,inn1 ,sudbury1  
,mass4                             #fj  
,h5ry ,=d  ,once half a h\se & a h5 roo/
                              #gf       

,photo by ,:itney  ,:at c be done ) a   
b>n                                     
#gf  ,rob]tson ,w>d1 ar*itect4 ,photo by
 ,gotts*o  ,z !y built a *imney 9 ! #ah?
 ,c5tury                   #aah  ,photo 
by ,john ,runyon  ,a place = summ] &    
week-ends                               
#adh  ,rob]tson ,w>d1 ar*itect4 ,photo  
by ,la ,ro*e  ,true #ah? ,c5tury        
simplicity4 ,n[ ! au?ors' d9+ room      
#agj  ,photo by ,john ,runyon  ,entirely
 new1 b ) all ! *>m ( an old h\se       
#ahd ,rob]tson ,w>d1 ar*itect4 ,photo by
 ,gotts*o  ,sn[ has dignity1 b is ! h\se
 snug & w>m8             #bjf ,photo by 
,gotts*o  ,an impos+ c\ntry home (      
classic dignity                   #bbj  
,rob]tson ,w>d1 ar*itect4 ,photo by     
,gotts*o  ,skillful plant+ ( trees1     
%rubs1 & fl[]s make ! sett+             
#bdd ,rob]tson ,w>d1 ar*itect4 ,photo by
 ,gotts*o  ,illu/ration                 
,,introduction   ,!re is a beg9n+ )     
ev]y?+4 ,s f> z ?is book is conc]n$1    
annual driv+ trips ?r\gh ,c5tral ,v]mont

 are responsible4 ,!y 7 great ev5ts1    
plann$ mon?s 9 advance4 ,) a ?ree-seat$ 
c>riage & a /ocky span good = ?irty     
miles a day & only spirit$ if !y met "o 
( ^? new contraptions aglitt] ) poli%$  
brass gadgets1 t f$ on gasol9e in/ead ( 
hone/ crack$ corn & oats1 we took to !  
road4 ,a newspap] man1 vacation-free f  
,broadway fir/ nights & op]as sung by   
,melba1 ,sembri*1 & ! ,bro!rs de        
,reszke1 0 %[+ 8 city-br$ *ildr5 8      
native hills & introduc+ !m to !        
beauties ( a _w ali5 to asphalt pavem5ts
 & br[n/one fronts4  ,x 0 leisurely     
travel4 ,:5 ! road 0 unusually /eep1 to 
sp>e ! horses1 we walk$4 ,if ,"m's eagle
 eye spott$ a f\r-leaf clov]1 we /opp$ &
 pick$ x4 ,if a b5d 9 ! road br\ght a   
pleas+ prospect into view1 ! horses c\ld
 be c]ta9 ( t5 m9utes = cropp+ roadside 
grass4 ,mo/ ( all1 no f>mh\se ne/l+     
b5ea? wide-spread maples or elms w5t )\t
 c>eful consid]ation ( ,fa!r's con/ant  
daydream1 a home 9 ! c\ntry4  ,^! driv+ 
trips (t5 includ$ ov]night /ops )       

relatives liv+ 9 villages undi/urb$ by !
 scree* & ?und] ( freight & way tra9s1  
or ) o!rs liv+ on picturesque old f>ms4 
,aft]w>d !re 0 always lively conv]sation
 conc]n+ ! possibilities ( ,c\s9 ,?is or
 ,t's home z a c\ntry place4 ,?is rea*$ 
fev] heat aft] visits to ,great ,aunt   
,laura :o liv$ 9 a roomy old h\se pa9t$ 
:ite ) gre5 bl9ds 9 a t[n bord]+ on     
,lake ,*ampla94 ,a pair ( horse-*e/nut  
trees flank$ ! walk to ! front door1--a 
portal unop5$ save = w$d+s1 fun]als1 & !
 m9i/]'s ye>ly call4  ,f "h c\ld be se5 
! sweep ( ! ma9 range ( ! ,gre5         
,m\nta9s4 ,! kit*5 doorway af=d$ a view 
( ,m\nt ,m>cy & ! ,adirondacks nev] to  
be =gott54 ,x 0 ! ance/ral home ) all ! 
prop] attributes1 horse b>n1 wood%$1    
tool h\ses1 & a l>ge hay b>n4 ,fa!r's   
dream = =ty ye>s 0 to recapture x &     
settle d[n to ! cultivation ( ru/ic     
essays in/ead ( its unyield+ clay soil4 
,h[ev]1 he 0 fir/ & la/ a newspap] man &
 8 practical side told him t ,%oreham 0 
too f> f ,broadway4 ,s x rema9$ a dream4

  ,8 city-born & br$ son inh]it$ !      
insidi\s idea4 ,f\r ye>s 9 a c\ntry     
college augm5t$ x &1 z "t w5t on1 !     
rumble ( trucks & bl>e ( neighbor+      
radios turn$ a =m]ly quiet /reet on     
,brooklyn ,heights into a b$lam & br\ght
 matt]s to a head4 ,great ,aunt ,laura's
 place 0 /ill too f> away b explor]s    
return+ f v5tures into ! f> rea*es (    
,we/*e/] ,c\nty1 & we/]n ,connecticut1  
_h br\ght back tales ( pleasantly       
isolat$ f>mh\ses ) roll+ acres well     
dott$ ) trees & /one f5ces4 ,"h1 ?anks  
to ! automobile & commut+ tra9s1 0 !    
solution4 ,a c\ntry place ne> en\gh to !
 city1 s t ! own] c\ld h 8 cake & eat x1
 too4  ,aft] "s mon?s ( se>*+ & sev]al  
wild goose *ases1 a mode/ little place 0
 f\nd4 ,! orig9al plan 0 to live !re j a
 few weeks 9 ! summ]1 possibly f ,june  
into ,septemb]1 b ! p]iod /ret*$ a bit  
ea* ye>4 ,n[ x is ! ye> ar\nd4 ,we are b
 "o ( _m families t h trad$ ! noise &   
conge/ion ( city life = ! quiet &       
isolation ( ! op5 c\ntry4 ,nor d all su*

 cl+ to ! commut+ fr+e ( ! l>g] cities4 
,a good proportion h _! c\ntry homes "s 
h\rs' di/ant1 & ! city is only visit$ at
 infrequ5t int]vals4  ,:]ev] 8 c\ntry   
place is locat$1 h[ev]1 !re are c]ta9   
problems confront+ ! city dwell] :o     
takes to rural life4 ,!y are ! m baffl+ 
because !y are n problems at all to 8   
c\ntry-br$ neighbors4 ,! latt] assume t 
any adult ) a gra9 ( common s5se mu/ "k 
all ab\t su* trifles z rott5 sills1 damp
 cell>s1 hornets t ne/ 9 ! attic1 froz5 
pipes 9 w9t]1 & wells t fail 9 dry      
seasons4  ,( c\rse1 no "o treatise c    
hope to s]ve z a guide = e problem t    
comes ) life 9 ! op5 c\ntry4 ,?is book  
is no comp5dium4 ,x conc]ns itself only 
) ! mo/ obvi\s pitfalls t lie ahead ( "o
 inur$ to well-s]vic$ city life4        
,,:y ,,live ,,9 ,,! ,,c\ntry8           
,illu/ration     ,,*apt] ,i  ,,:y ,,live
 ,,9 ,,! ,,c\ntry8   ,! urge to live 9 !
 c\ntry besets mo/ ( u soon] or lat]4   
,spr+ ) grass vividly gre51 buds bur/+ &
 e pond a b$lam ( ! %rill1 rhy?mic :i/le

 ( frogs1 is ! mo/ dang]\s season4 ,"s  
take a walk 9 ! p>k4 ,o!rs write =      
,/r\t's f>m catalogues1 read !m hungrily
 & are well4 ,b !re are ! incurables4   
,_! fev] is f$ = mon?s & ye>s by !      
discom=ts & am5ities ( city life4       
,ev5tually !y escape & cont5t$ly become 
box numb]s along rural po/al r\tes4  ,:y
 d city-br$ p betake !mselves to !      
c\ntry8 ,! surface reasons are z _m z :y
 !y are ,republicans or ,democrats1 b ! 
basic "o is escape f conge/ion &        
confusion4 ,= !mselves or _! *ildr5 _!  
goal is ! op5 c\ntry beyond ! suburban  
fr+e4 ,"h ! *ildr51 l "y colts1 c be    
turn$ out to run & race1 kick up _!     
heels & enjoy life1 free ( w>n+s to be  
quiet le/ !y annoy ! eld]ly c\ple 9 !   
ap>tm5t bel[ or ! n]v\s wreck ! o!r side
 ( t suburban privet h$ge4  ,! day &    
night rattle & bang ( ! city may g      
unnotic$ = ye>s b ev5tually x takes its 
toll4 ,!n comes a great long+ to get    
away f x all4 ,if family income is      
indep5d5t ( sal>y e>n$ by a city job1   

!re is no?+ to ! problem4 ,free f a desk
 9 "s skyscrap] t fa!r mu/ t5d f n9e to 
five1 su* a family c select its c\ntry  
home h\rs away f ! city4 ,ideal6 ,b few 
are s =tunate4 ,mo/ ( u consid]         
ourselves lucky to h t city job4 ,x is  
to be treat$ ) respect & = u ! answ]    
lies 9 locat+ j beyond ^? indef9ite     
b\nd>ies t limit ! urban zone4 ,) ! l>g]
 cities1 ?is may be z mu* z fifty miles 
f ! bus9ess c5t]2 ) small] ones ! gap c 
be bridg$ spe$ily by automobile4  ,go+  
to live 9 ! c\ntry1 view$               
dispassionately z an acc\ntant's balance
 %eet1 has attributes t c be record$ 9  
black ink z well z ^? t require a robu/ 
crimson4 ,if y really want a place :]e y
 ne$ n be con/antly rubb+ elb[s ) ! re/ 
( ! _w2 :]e y c cultivate some?+ m      
ambiti\s ?an w9d[ boxes or an eight by  
t5 pocket-h&k]*ief g>d52 :]e subways &  
/reet clatt] c be =gott52 y\r black     
column w be f> long] ?an ! "o 9 r$4 ,b  
if no?+ feels s good to y\r foot z smoo?
 unyield+ pavem5ts2 if ! multicolor$    

electric sign ( a mov+ picture palace is
 m entranc+ ?an a vivid sunset2 y are at
 he>t a city bird1 int5d$ by temp]am5t  
to ne/ beh9d walls ( brick & /eel4 ,!re 
is no?+ y c d ab\t x ei!r4 ,9 ! c\ntry !
 nights are s black2 ! birds at dawn too
 noisy2 & ,nature :5 %e /orms & scolds1 
is a fi%-wife4 ,possibly y c le>n to    
endure x all b w ! game be wor? ! c&le8 
,)\t true fondness = outdoors & an inn] 
urge = a measure ( seclusion1 life 9 !  
c\ntry is dre>4 ,don't attempt x4  ,b = 
^? :o c>e = ! cool damp ( ev5+ dew2 !   
fir/ rob9 ( spr+ hopp+ p]tly across !   
grass2 or a quiet w9t] ev5+ ) a good    
book or a radio program ( _! own *oos+ r
 ?an t ( ! p liv+ across ! hall2 c\ntry 
life is wor? e c5t ( its co/s & ^! be>  
lightly4  ,along ,fif? av5ue1 ,new      
,york1 n f> f ! ,metropolitan ,museum1  
is a typical t[n h\se4 ,a man ( means   
ma9ta9s x = social & bus9ess reasons4 ,b
 he does n live !re4 ,8 intimates "k t  
only a few m9utes aft] ! la/ d9n] gue/  
has dep>t$1 8 *auffeur w drive him "s   

tw5ty miles to a mu* simpl] abode on a  
seclud$ dirt road4 ,"h1 he really lives4
 ,:i/l+ tree toads replace ! con/ant :ir
 ( buses & taxicabs4  ,mo/ ( u _c be s  
extravagant4 ,we are =tunate to h "o    
home1 ei!r 9 ! city or ! c\ntry4 ,r5t+  
or buy+ x entails sacrifices1 & ma9ta9+ 
x has its unexpect$ exp5ses t always    
come at ! wrong "t4 ,:at d ^? :o live   
beyond ! limits ( cities & sophi/icat$  
villages ga9 by hang+ _! crane ) !      
rabbits & wood*ucks8  ,fir/1 c\ntry liv+
 is ! answ] to conge/ion4 ,ev5 ! mo/    
mode/ c\ntry cottage is m spaci\s ?an ! 
av]age city ap>tm5t4 ,life 9 su* a h\se 
may be simple b n cramp$4 ,!re is light 
& air on all sides4 ,?is may seem       
unimportant b did y ev] occupy an       
ap>tm5t :]e ! w9d[s op5$ on a c\rt or 7 
b a few feet f ! brick wall ( ano!r w>r5
 = humans8 ,if ! sun rea*$ y\r w9d[s an 
h\r or two a day1 y 7 lucky4 ,9 a c\ntry
 h\se !re is sunlight some:]e on        
pleasant days f morn+ to night4 ,t      
diff]5ce c only be und]/ood by ^? :o h  

kn[n bo? ways ( liv+4  ,9 t[n1 light &  
air co/ money2 along ! rural po/al r\tes
 x is z mu* a "p ( ! s*eme ( ?+s z summ]
 insects or w9t] sn[s4 ,& x may h a v   
def9ite be>+ on ! well be+ ( all memb]s 
( ! family4 ,"s suff] m ?an !y realize f
 lack ( sunlight4 ,frequ5tly x is !     
*ildr5 &1 ) _m families1 decision to    
move c\ntryw>d is on _! acc\nt4 ,9 fact1
 !re be "s1 :]e fa!r & "m1 if !y        
consult$ _! own pref]5ces1 w\ld /ay 9 a 
city ap>tm5t conv5i5t to !atres & %ops1 
) fri5ds & acqua9tances close at h&4 ,b 
_! small *ildr5 lack robu/ness4 ,! p>5ts
 try ev]y?+1 c>eful diet1 adequate h\rs 
( sleep & all ! o!r recomm5dations (    
sci5tific *ild re>+4 ,/ill ! little arms
 & legs cont9ue to be sp9dl+4 ,tonics & 
cod liv] oil fail to get rid ( t p9*$   
look1 ! concomitant ( too little        
sunlight & too _m h\rs indoors4 ,9      
desp]ation su* a family betakes itself  
to ! c\ntry4 ,! *ildr5 wea!r tan4 ,!y   
respond to ! m placid life & gradually  
ga9 ! mu* s\ght aft] h>d9ess4 ,nature   

has be5 ! physician )\t mon?ly bills =  
h\se or (fice treatm5ts4  ,! *ildr5 are 
n ! only ones :o ga94 ,heal?y adults    
r5ew _! en]gy & crave activity4 ,"h     
opportunity lies close at h&4 ,x may be 
sw++ a golf club or go+ fi%+4 ,x may be 
su* unorganiz$ me?ods ( /ret*+ muscles &
 increas+ brea?+ z pu%+ a lawn m[]1 rak+
 leaves or we$+ ! delph9ium bord]4 ,all 
^! sports & homely out-(-door duties &  
pleasures are ne>by1 _m ( !m j ! o!r    
side ( ! front door4 ,^? class$ z sports
 may require a c\ntry club memb]%ip b   
ev5 ?is is on a m mode/ scale4  ,9 fact1
 all pot5t are ! economies made possible
 by leav+ city or closely built suburb4 
,h\se & l&1 ei!r b\ght or r5t$1 comes   
*eap] & is m ample4 ,along ) ?is basic  
sav+ !re are a numb] ( o!rs t help to   
leave some?+ f ! family income at ! end 
( ! ye>4 ,clo!s la/ long] 9 ! c\ntry &  
w>drobe requirem5ts are simpl]4         
,simil>ly1 !re is a di/9ct decrease 9 ! 
money sp5t = amusem5ts4 ,:5 ! ne>e/ mov+
 picture h\se is five miles away x is   

easy to /ay at home4 ,go+ to ! movies is
 n a matt] ( j runn+ ar\nd ! corn] & s  
done automatically once or twice a week4
 ,!n !re are su* ?+s z doctor's bills4  
,:ile sickness1 l taxes1 visits e family
 no matt] :]e x lives1 we h f\nd t we   
actually h less ne$ ( m$ical c>e liv+ 9 
! /icks ?an we did 9 t[n4 ,also ! *>ges 
= compet5t c>e by bo? doctors & d5ti/s  
are l[]4  ,= ! family incl9$ to delve 9 
! soil1 a def9ite sav+ c be accompli%$  
by t5d+ a vegetable g>d51 rais+ small   
fruits & b]ries1 & ev5 ma9ta9+ a h5     
roo/4 ,"s p 7,i w\ld ,i c\ld hone/ly    
include myself7 h a gift = mak+ ?+s gr[ 
& gett+ crops t are wor? ! "w t has gone
 into !m4 ,likewise !re is su* a ?+ z   
possess+ a knack ) t unresponsive &     
p]v]se creature1 ! h54 ,possibly good   
g>d5+ & an egg-produc+ h5-y>d are !     
result ( will+ness to take inf9ite pa9s 
b1 out ( my disappo9tm5ts & half        
successes1 ,i am m incl9$ to hold t x is
 luck & pr$e/9ation4 ,s1 ,i h r$uc$     
agricultural activities %>ply1 b ,i d "k

 families :]e ea* fall f9ds cell> %elves
 groan+ "u cans ( fruits & vegetables1  
products ( ! g>d51 & =etell+ di/9ct     
economies 9 pur*ases ( cann$ goods or   
fre% vegetables4  ,"o ( ! l>ge/ s+le    
sav+s t c\ntry life makes possible is   
elim9ation ( private s*ool tuition4     
,!oretically city public s*ools are good
 en\gh = anybody's *ildr54 ,actually mo/
 good neighborhoods h an undesirable    
slum j ar\nd ! corn] & ! public s*ool is
 = ! *ildr5 ( bo?4 ,s1 _m city-dwell+   
families1 n f snobbi%ness b because !y d
 n want _! "y hopefuls to acquire slum  
mann]s & traits1 dig deep into _! bank  
acc\nts & s5d _! *ildr5 to private      
s*ools4  ,seldom is ?is necess>y 9 !    
c\ntry1 especially if ! educational     
sy/em is inve/igat$ be=eh&4 ,in/ead1 !  
*ildr5 />t 9 a good consolidat$ grad$   
s*ool1 proce$ ?r\gh ! local high s*ool1 
& are prep>$ = college ) all ! co/ (    
tuition includ$ 9 ! tax bill t mu/ be   
paid anyway4 ,! *ildr5 are none ! worse 
= ?is less gu>d$ education4 ,!y are1 9  

fact1 b5efit$ = !y h a democratic       
backgr\nd t makes lat] life easi]4      
,besides ^! creature com=ts & f9ancial  
ga9s1 !re are ! intangibles4 ,*ief ( ^! 
is t indescribable some?+1 c\ntry peace4
 ,all ! family responds to x4 ,x is     
impossible to ma9ta9 ! highly-key$1     
n]v\s t5sion t *>act]izes city life :5 !
 dome/ic sc5e is surr\nd$ by op5 fields 
or an occasional bit ( woodl&4 ,! placid
 calm soo!s fray$ n]ves & works wond]s 9
 re/or+ balance & p]spective t[>d family
 & bus9ess problems4 ,! h>ass$ come to  
realize ! inn] tru? ( ,god's 9 8 heav51 
all's "r ) ! _w4  ,along ) ?is1 ! family
 transplant$ f ! city gradually comes to
 "k ! g5u9e joys ( mu* simpl] pleasures4
 ,sep>at$ f ! pr(essional recreations t 
beckon s engag+ly 9 cities & ! l>g]     
t[ns1 adults & *ildr5 alike develop     
res\rces )9 !mselves4 ,!y le>n t !y c be
 j z cont5t$ ) homely enjoym5ts z !y ev]
 7 :5 !y sat passively & 7 amus$ by "s  
"o :o made x 8 pr(ession4 ,a tramp ?r\gh
 ! woods 9 ! fall :5 !re is a tang (    

fro/ 9 ! air2 ! satisfaction ( a        
long-plann$ fl[] b$ 9 full bloom2 a w9t]
 ev5+ ) a log fire blaz+ on ! liv+-room 
he>?2 are simple b z g5u9e z any ( !    
pleasures kn[n to city folk4 ,bett] yet1
 !y are n exhau/+4 ,few p are /rong     
en\gh to enjoy _! pleasures1 a fri5d    
once wisely obs]v$4 ,9 ! ma91 h[ev]1 ^? 
( ! c\ntry are less tax+ & leave "o     
refre%$ :i*1 aft] all1 is ! true purpose
 ( recreation4  ,aga9/ ^! ga9s ( c\ntry 
liv+ ! co/s mu/ also be reckon$4 ,^!1 z 
/at$ e>li]1 w h>dly be felt if !        
individual really likes ! c\ntry 9 its  
smil+ moods z well z its fr[n+ ones4 ,"o
 :i* ! family rec5tly sep>at$ f city    
ways may f9d h>de/ to accept is a dem& =
 self-reliance4 ,if ! furnace w n burn1 
a wat] pipe spr+s a leak1 a mid-w9t]    
blizz>d deposits a sn[drift t all b     
blocks ! front door1 fa!r or "s "o else 
mu/ rise to ! situation4  ,! c\ntry home
 has no janitor4 ,! ne>e/ plumb] is two 
or five miles away4 ,no gang ( sn[      
%ovel]s knocks at ! door ) (f]s to      

attack ! mislocat$ sn[ at a price1      
albeit ! highe/ !y ?9k ! traffic w be>4 
,pione]-l1 "s or all ( ! family mu/ turn
 to & cope ) su* situations4 ,do+ s1    
:e!r tempor>y l clos+ a pipe valve to   
/op ! cascad+ wat] until ! plumb]       
arrives1 or p]man5t l ma/]+ !           
idiosyncrasies ( ! furnace1 has its     
rew>d4 ,f olde/ to y\nge/1 aft] a ye> or
 s !re comes a s5se ( ability to cope ) 
! un=ese5 r ?an to /& meekly by wait+ = 
,george to d x4  ,aga91 x is n always   
smil+ ,june ) g5tle breezes4 ,!re are   
also ,janu>y1 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 ! mon?s  
w9t] really settles to 8 task & deliv]s1
 z he w1 sn[ /orms1 or spells (         
abnormally cold wea!r t make ! h\se h>d 
to heat & may freeze pipes4 ,!re are    
also ra9y spells ( two or ?ree days'    
duration t come any "t1 spr+1 summ] or  
fall4 ,x is fun to be 9 ! c\ntry :5 !   
sun %9es4 ,!re are s _m ?+s to d & see  
out-(-doors4 ,x is totally diff]5t :5 x 
ra9s & ra9s & /ill keeps on until ev]y?+
 outside is dripp+ & sodd54 ,!n comes ! 

te/+ "t4 ,*ild or gr[n-up mu/ accept su*
 bad wea!r & make light ( its           
re/rictions1 or c\ntry liv+ is h>d      
inde$4 ,b did y ev] put on boots &      
oilsk9s & g = a long walk 9 ! ra9 j = ! 
pure joy ( x8 ,try x "s "t4 ,y w see    
fields & bu%es ) diff]5t eyes & he> t   
mo/ musical ( all c\ntry s\nds1 ! ru% ( 
t9y brooks 9 full flood4 ,ev5 ! birds h 
_! ra9y day mann]s & ways4              
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ogd5 ,,h\se1        
,,fairfield1 ,,conn4 ,,built ,,be=e     
#agje1 ,,x ,,has ,,be5 ,,re/or$ ,,to    
,,pres]ve ,,! ,,orig9al ,,details  ,miss
 ,m>y ,allis  ,! mo/ ard5t c\ntry       
advocate1 h[ev]1 _c d5y t 9 "s respects 
su* a life has c]ta9 exp5ses n ent]$ 9 !
 budget ( families liv+ 9 t[n4 ,fir/ &  
=emo/1 if fa!r has 8 city job !re is !  
mon?ly commutation book z well z !      
occasional railroad f>es :5 o!r memb]s (
 ! family g to ! city4 ,!re is no       
argum5t ab\t x4 ,^! are add$ exp5ses b  
!y are m ?an (fset by r$uctions 9 ! fix$
 *>ges4 ,also by select+ :]e y w live1  

transportation co/s c be controll$4     
,exp5ditures incid5t to ent]ta9+ are    
ano!r matt]4 ,"o ( ! pleasante/ ?+s ab\t
 liv+ out-(-t[n is ! week-end4 ,f       
,friday night or ,saturday noon until   
,monday morn+ ! city is =gott54 ,(      
c\rse1 "p ( ! "t1 y w want to %>e ^!    
days ) fri5ds /ill coop$ 9 ap>tm5ts4    
,week-end gue/s v>y ! picture & are wor?
 bo? ! ef=t & money ent]ta9+ !m         
involves4 ,b don't ?9k t w be all4 ,no  
c\ntry-liv+ family is safe f ei!r fri5ds
 or casual acqua9tances 9 ^! days (     
motor c>s4 ,!y w appe> mo/ unexpect$ly &
 assume t y are z delight$ to see !m z  
!y are to h y z an objective = a ,sunday
 aft]noon motor trip4  ,at fir/ x is    
flatt]+ to h p come s f> j to see y4 ,!n
 ! novelty ( x we>s a little ?9 & y beg9
 to realize t frequ5tly ,monday morn+   
f9ds ! refrig]ator swept b>e4 ,9 "t x w 
dawn on y t "p ( ! up-keep ( a c\ntry   
home revolves ar\nd fe$+ y\r self-invit$
 gue/s4 ,x w\ld n be s bad if !y w\ld   
telephone ahead s t y c\ld be prep>$1 b 

t is n "o ( ! rules ( ! game4 ,in/ead1 x
 is tak5 = grant$ t liv+ 9 ! c\ntry1 y h
 a nev]-fail+ pantry4 ,! solution lies 9
 prep>$ness4 ,f e>ly spr+ until ab\t    
,?anksgiv+ "t1 h 9 res]ve "s simple     
supplies = an acceptable aft]noon tea or
 ,sunday night supp]4  ,"o h\sehold ( my
 acqua9tance always has l>ge pit*]s (   
milk1 a supply ( crack]s1 two or ?ree   
k9ds ( *eese1 a platt] ( s&wi*es1       
home-made cake & a hot dr9k4 ,z _m z wi%
 are welcome to come at ! la/ mom5t =   
?is /&>d ,sunday night supp]4 ,its      
simplicity has e>n$ ?is repa/ a wide    
reputation & x is consid]$ a great l>k  
to g !re4 ,incid5tally1 ?is truly rural 
supp] is s inexp5sive t x matt]s little 
h[ _m are on h& ,sunday ev5+s4 ,also !  
*ore ( wa%+ di%es aft] ! la/ gue/s h    
gone is r$uc$ to l[e/ t]ms1 likewise an 
item n to be ov]look$4  ,?is tr5d t[>d  
c\ntry liv+1 n[ s f> flung z to be a    
*>act]i/ic ( ,am]ican life1 is n j a    
fad4 ,x has be5 a sl[ /eady gr[? & has  
beh9d x a tradition ( a c5tury & m4 ,:5 

our l>g] comm]cial c5t]s fir/ began to  
*ange f villages to compact urban       
communities1 !re 7 ^? :o f\nd ev5 ^!    
m9iature cities f> too conge/$4 ,x 0    
incompreh5sible to !m t a family %\ld   
exi/ )\t l& en\gh = su* prime requisites
 z a c[1 a h5-y>d1 & a vegetable g>d54  
,no family t really liv$ & prop]ly      
enjoy$ ! pleasures ( ! table c\ld be )\t
 !m4 ,besides1 epidemics ( yell[ fev]   
came ) summ] z naturally z sleigh+ )    
w9t]4  ,s = heal? & good liv+ !y began  
to move f> into ! c\ntry1--t is1 ?ree or
 f\r miles out ( t[n1--& /age coa* r\tes
 7 e/abli%$ to transport ! heads ( su*  
families to & f bus9ess ei!r ! ye> ar\nd
 or = ! summ] mon?s4 ,^! /ages or !     
private c>riages ( ! m o/5tati\s 71 (   
c\rse1 horse-drawn :i* limit$ ! di/ance 
:i* c\ld be travel$4  ,! next /ep 0 !   
railroads4 ,h>dly 7 !y practical means (
 transportation t c\ld be reli$ on day 9
 & day out1 be=e commutation tickets 7  
(f]$ = ^? h>dy en\gh to endure daily    
trips ( a doz5 miles or m betwe5 home & 

(fice4 ,gradually ! peaceful f>m+       
villages surr\nd+ cities 7 trans=m$ into
 some?+ new to ! ,am]ican sc5e1 !       
suburban t[n1 b x rema9$ impractical =  
mo/ p to live f>!r f ! /ation ?an a     
conv5i5t walk4 ,:5 electric c> l9es 7   
add$1 ! di/ance 0 ext5d$ mat]ially & !  
f>m l&s j outside ^! suburban t[ns took 
on new value4 ,ne> c> l9es1 !y c\ld be  
sold to ^? n prim>ily conc]n$ )         
agriculture4 ,! int]urban electric roads
 also made _m s-call$ ab&on$ f>ms 9     
v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry practical =       
families :o wi%$ to live f>!r f         
comm]cial c5t]s ei!r ?r\gh\t ! ye> or = 
! summ] mon?s1 s9ce !y provid$ t great  
ess5tial1 a quick means ( gett+ to %opp+
 t[ns4 ,/ill great sections ( back      
c\ntry1 too f> f railroads & electric c>
 l9es1 rema9$ /rictly rural4  ,f9ally ! 
automobile1 made inexp5sive en\gh =     
families ( av]age income & provid$ ) t  
great innovation1 ! self-/>t]1 *ang$ x  
all4 ,?is 0 n s v long ago4             
,approximately ) ! ,_w ,w> came !       

mod]ate-pric$ c> t ne$ n be crank$ by   
h&4 ,driv+ x 0 no long] a sport+ male   
occupation too (t5 m>r$ by brok5 arms & 
spra9$ wri/s1 ! pa9ful outcome (        
h&-crank+ :5 ! motor back-fir$4 ,) !    
self-/>t] c> driv+ w5t fem99e4 ,"m1 z   
well z fa!r1 c\ld & did drive4 ,x 0 n[  
practical = automobile own+ families to 
live f>!r f railroad /ations & villages4
  ,unnotic$ at ! "t1 a new sort (       
pione]+ began4 ,city-dwell+ p turn$     
hungry eyes t[>d ! *eap c\ntry f>mh\ses 
locat$ beyond limits ( horse & c>riage  
travel4 ,by #aibj1 ?is tr5d 0 9 full sw+
 & greatly exp$it$ by ! program (       
highway improvem5t & rebuild+ t spread  
across ! c\ntry4  ,) a quick & easy     
means ( travel1 good roads1 telephone & 
electric s]vice1 f>mh\ses :i* b a few   
ye>s be=e _h be5 z isolat$ z :5 ,horace 
,greeley 0 ?und]+1 ,g ,we/1 "y man1 g   
,we/1 7 isolat$ no m4 ,prices rose b n  
beyond ! pur*as+ p[] ( ^? :o s\ght      
escape f city conge/ion or ! re/rictions
 ( fifty-foot suburban lots4 ,! gasol9e 

age _h done x4 ,x _h m>ri$ rural peace  
to rapid transportation4 ,if y _h to e>n
 y\r liv+ 9 ! city1 x 0 no long] requir$
 t y & y\r family live 9 its mid/4 ,a   
tranquil c\ntry home 0 y\rs if y w\ld   
rea* = x4     ,,select+ ,,! ,,location  
,illu/ration     ,,*apt] ,,ii  ,,select+
 ,,! ,,location   ,x is to be que/ion$  
:e!r any city dwell+ family sudd5ly     
det]m9es to move to ! c\ntry4 ,su*      
*anges 9 "o's way ( life are n decid$ z 
casually z trad+ 9 ! old c> = a model ( 
! curr5t ye>4 ,usually ! decision to    
pione] backw>d is rea*$ s gradually t ^?
 :o take ! /ep c h>dly tell 9 retrospect
 j :5 ! die 0 ca/4 ,a vacation or summ] 
9 ! c\ntry may h put x 9 m9d4 ,!n a     
p]iod ( vague indecision foll[s :5 city 
& c\ntry appe> ab\t equally attractive4 
,sudd5ly "s *ance happ5+ turns ! scale4 
,a week-end invitation = cid] mak+ 9 !  
,hoosatonic ,valley 9 e>ly ,novemb] w\ld
 seem h>mless en\gh1 b f x dat$ our own 
det]m9ation to cease to be city dwell]s4
 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ! /age-sett+ 0     

p]fect4 ,a tw5ty-mile ride on ! ev5+ (  
our arrival ?r\gh ! %>p cle> air ) a    
full h>ve/ moon hang+ high 9 ! heav5s1  
:ile along ! way lights tw9kl$          
hospitably f ! f>mh\ses t dott$ !       
c\ntryside4 ,a bright crisp morn+ & a   
breakfa/ ( sausages1 griddle cakes &    
syrup4 ,?is w\ld h be5 view$ ) lack-lu/]
 eye 9 our ov]heat$ city ap>tm5t b 0    
someh[ j "r 9 ?is fireplace heat$ c\ntry
 room ) a tang ( *ill 9 ! f> corn]s4    
,lat] we 7 to f9d t pl5ty ( ,novemb]    
nights c\ld be raw & /ormy2 t fireplaces
 c\ld sulk & give out su* grudg+ heat z 
to make ! room :olly *ill4 ,b none ( ?is
 appe>$ on t memorable week-end4 ,x wax$
 w>m en\gh at midday = all ( ! outdoor  
pleasures t ! c\ntry af=ds4 ,we 7 9     
cong5ial company & ev5+ f\nd u ) a s5se 
( peace & well-be+ t m ?an balanc$ !    
loss ( a !atre or d9n] p>ty 9 t[n4 ,we 7
 guilty ( ! usual platitudes ab\t ,god's
 c\ntry & ! normal way to live & knew !y
 7 t b didn't c>e4  ,h[ev]1 !re 0 no    
ru%+ ar\nd to get a place "r across !   

way4 ,a :ole w9t] w5t by1 pleasantly    
sp5t do+ ! usual ?+s4 ,!n came spr+1 a  
season t n ev5 ! city c :olly           
neutralize4 ,!re 7 a numb] ( seem+ly    
aimless ,sunday trips beyond ! urban    
fr+e4 ,!re 0 consid]able casual comm5t  
on v>i\s h\ses 9 attractive sett+s4 ,"o 
*>m+ old place ideally locat$ on a back 
road prov$ to be "p ( a wat]-%$         
res]vation4 ,ano!r equally *>m+ pla/]   
h\se 0 too f> out4 ,z we admitt$ t1 we  
realiz$ t we _h jo9$ t n inconsid]able  
gr\p :o want to h _! cake & eat x too4  
,t is1 we really want$ a place 9 !      
c\ntry b we want$ x ne> en\gh s t ! desk
 ( ! v necess>y & important job c\ld be 
rea*$ )\t too mu* ef=t4 ,also ! idea (  
an occasional ev5+ 9 t[n 0 n to be      
dismiss$ lightly4  ,su* humdrum items z 
railroad "t tables 7 consult$4 ,hav+    
decid$ t ! ideal location w\ld be "o 9  
:i* ! "t requir$ = tra9 trip & motor+ f 
h\se to /ation w\ld come )9 an h\r1 we  
limit$ our se>* to t section j beyond ! 
suburban fr+e 9 ,connecticut & ,we/*e/] 

,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,we _h no cle> idea 
( ! type ( h\se we want$1 save t x be   
old & ( good l9es4 ,we look$ ) & )\t !  
aid ( real e/ate deal]s4 ,we delug$ our 
fri5ds already liv+ 9 ! c\ntry ) qu]ies4
  ,we f\nd a di%e>t5+ numb] ( f9e old   
h\ses1 locat$ j wrong4 ,!re 0 a spl5did1
 two-/ory brick h\se ) hall runn+ ?r\gh 
! middle4 ,b x /ood 9 ! comm]cial       
section ( a village1 its door /eps flu% 
) ! sidewalk1 & 0 hemm$ 9 on "o side by 
a gas /ation4 ,!re 0 a neat little      
/ory-&-a-half /one h\se ) picket f5ce1  
old-fa%ion$ rose bu%es1 & beautiful %ade
 trees4 ,x _h once be5 ! p>sonage ( !   
neighbor+ *ur*4 ,unhappily ! old *ur*y>d
 lay betwe54  ,n[1 we are n p :o :i/le  
det]m9$ly :5 pass+ a m>ble or*>d at     
midnight nor d we see :ite lum9\s %apes 
flitt+ among ! tomb/ones4 ,b daily gaz+ 
^u "o's f9al re/+ place1 we felt might1 
9 "t1 prove depress+4 ,besides1 we 7 by 
no means c]ta9 t our fri5ds _h develop$ 
! call\s indiff]5ce ( a "y c\ple we he>d
 ( ye>s lat]4 ,curi\sly free (          

inhibitions1 ^! two p b\ght an          
attractive old f>mh\se ) a family bury+ 
lot locat$ a fair di/ance f ! h\se4 ,!  
little plot ) its eight or t5 simple    
head/ones 0 unobtrusive & r gave an air 
( family roots deep 9 ! soil1 a quality 
all too r>e 9 ,am]ica4 ,^! "y v&als c\ld
 n let well en\gh alone4 ,!y uproot$ !  
head/ones & laid !m end to end = a walk 
to _! front door6 ,!y 7 consid]+ ! plot 
itself z a possible t5nis c\rt :5       
outrag$ public op9ion =c$ !m to put !   
/ones back4 ,9 fact1 ! g5]al ho/ility 0 
s m>k$ t !y f9ally ab&on$ ! place & x 0 
lat] sold at a di/9ct loss4  ,b back to 
! little gray p>sonage2 its location & !
 fact t tra9 s]vice 9 its vic9ity 0     
poor1 7 ! two decid+ votes aga9/ x4     
,ano!r attractive h\se 9 a good location
 0 rul$ out because our c> got /uck 9 a 
spr+ hole practically 9 sight ( x4 ,a   
mile or s ( dirt road to ! /ation is no 
drawback1 provid$ x is passable at all  
times ( ! ye>4 ,?is "o 0 obvi\sly poor1 
ev5 9 summ]4 ,f9ally a real e/ate brok] 

%[$ u a picture ( a mode/ #ah? c5tury   
f>m cottage4 ,we visit$ ! place "o dre>y
 sunless day 9 late ,m>*1 inve/igat$ !  
neighborhood1 det]m9$ ! "t requir$ to   
drive to ! ne>e/ railroad /ation1 &     
b\ght x1 all 9 "o week4  ,9 g5]al1 we   
are n sure t su* ha/e is advisable4 ,!re
 7 c]ta9 disadvantages t we did n       
obs]ve2 !re 7 o!rs :]e we turn$ a bl9d  
eye because we 7 infatuat$ ) ! place &  
det]m9$ to h x4 ,=tunately "t has tak5  
c>e ( practically all ( ^!4 ,9 %ort1 we 
h come to believe t a place 9 ! c\ntry  
is1 l m>riage1 j :at y make x4 ,9 bo?   
cases1 ?\gh1 "o's emotions %\ld be "u   
control1 s "h are a few sali5t po9ts = !
 se>*] aft] a suitable location4  ,fir/ 
& =emo/1 decide on ! sort ( life y wi%  
to lead4 ,!n pick y\r location to fit x4
 ,if y are n *a9$ to a city desk five   
days a week b at be/ make only "o or two
 weekly trips !re1 a railroad j\rney (  
two or ?ree h\rs is endurable especially
 :5 a highly attractive place lies at ! 
end4 ,= su* a p]son1 ! radius 9 :i* to  

look = likely places is mu* ext5d$ & !  
f>!r out1 ! m advantage\s ! prices4 ,b =
 "o individual s =tunately situat$1 !re 
are m ?an a hundr$ :o mu/ *oose a place 
ne> en\gh = daily trips to ! city4  ,= !
 latt] ! ideal situation is1 z /at$     
be=e1 an h\r f h\se to (fice4 ,t is !   
ideal b1 9 all hone/y1 we mu/ admit t   
few atta9 x4 ,! av]age c\ntry commut] is
 a born optimi/ on ?is po9t & w         
unblu%+ly di/ort facts 9 a mann] to put 
! mo/ ard5t fi%]man to %ame4 ,b figures 
don't lie4 ,if ! "t table1 say betwe5   
,/am=d1 ,connecticut1 & ! ,gr& ,c5tral1 
,new ,york1 gives its fa/e/ runn+ "t z  
fifty m9utes1 x means exactly t4 ,y may 
plan to hurtle ?r\gh ! air at sixty     
miles an h\r to ! /ation b traffic &    
road conditions w n always let y4       
,besides1 :at is ! hurry8 ,all[ tw5ty or
 ?irty m9utes in/ead ( fifte5 = a normal
 run ( twelve miles & h peace ( m9d4 ,t 
gives y an h\r & t5 or fifte5 m9utes    
betwe5 y\r h\se & ! city4 ,add ! "t ne$$
 to get f ! tra9 to y\r (fice & y "k :at

 is be=e y4 ,we m5tion ?is /ation trip (
 twelve miles z ab\t ! maximum = ! h>dy 
commut] al?\gh !re are a few :o take m  
puni%m5t ?an t4 ,( c\rse if ! p]fect    
place c be f\nd only f\r to six miles f 
! /ation t is all ! bett]4              
,transportation is an all important     
consid]ation bo? z reg>ds "t & exp5se4  
,!re are beautiful c\ntrysides fairly   
ne> l>ge c5t]s t are s hamp]$ by poor   
tra9 s]vice z to be almo/ out ( ! "q = !
 ev]yday commut]4 ,( c\rse1 !re may be  
an adequate s]vice or x may be practical
 to drive to & f bus9ess4 ,! latt] is n 
at all uncommon ) ! c\ntry areas ne> !  
small] indu/rial c5t]s4 ,"h ! =tunate   
commut] is free f exact+ tra9 s*$ules2 a
 five or t5 m9utes' drive sees him      
outside ! city limits1 & ano!r tw5ty or 
?irty may f9d him roll+ into 8 own      
driveway4 ,smoo? sail+ betwe5 (fice &   
home dep5d only on a reliable c> & good 
roads4  ,"o %\ld make sure ! latt] are  
passable 9 ! w9t] at all times4 ,=      
in/ance1 are ! ,t[n ,fa!rs lib]al ) !   

sn[ pl[8 ,c its *e]y hum be he>d ev5 at 
midnight if a heavy fall ( sn[ makes x  
necess>y8 ,does x come d[n ! little dirt
 road :]e y\r mode/ acres are locat$8   
,^! are que/ions all commut]s %\ld ask  
:e!r _! j\rney cityw>d is made entirely 
by automobile or p>tly by tra94 ,fur!r1 
:atev] means ( transportation are us$1 !
 mon?ly co/ %\ld be reckon$ c>efully4 ,x
 is "o ( ! l>ge/ s+le items involv$ 9   
?is s*eme ( liv+ 9 ! c\ntry & work+ 9 ! 
city4  ,!re is also ! "q ( food & o!r   
h\sehold supplies4 ,grant$ "o no long]  
expects to run ar\nd ! corn] = a loaf ( 
bread or a doz5 eggs t may h be5 left (f
 ! morn+ %opp+ li/s1 j h[ f> away is !  
ne>e/ groc]8 ,is he at all receptive to 
! idea ( mak+ an occasional deliv]y 9 ! 
outly+ di/ricts8 ,h[ ab\t ! rubbi%      
collector1 if any2 ! milkman2 !         
purveyors ( ice1 coal & wood8 ,are !re a
 light+ sy/em 9 ! vic9ity1 telephone    
facilities1 & s =?8 ,^! la/ ne$ n be    
decid+ factors1 all o!r ?+s be+ equal4  
,!y are simply matt]s to inve/igate4 ,x 

is !n = ! family to decide :e!r to d )\t
 any or all ( !m if necess>y4  ,besides 
9 a wisely *os5 location1 ^!1 ?\gh lack+
 at fir/1 are soon add$ z ! dem& gr[s4  
,:5 we began our own exp]im5t 9 c\ntry  
liv+1 x 0 ) difficulty t we got ev5 a   
telephone in/all$4 ,in/ead (            
electricity1 our ev5+s 7 light$ by c&les
 or k]os5e lamps & our meals 7 cook$ on 
an oil /ove4 ,groc]s & o!r tradesm5     
didn't ev5 "k h[ to get to ! little     
area4 ,yet )9 ?ree ye>s en\gh o!r p l u 
_h mov$ into ! vic9ity to w>rant        
ext5sion ( electric s]vice ?r\gh !      
neighborhood1 & a milk r\te1 rubbi%     
s]vice1 deliv]ies ( laundry1 food1 ice1 
& o!r h\sehold ne$s 7 soon add$4 ,!     
,full] bru% man has = ye>s kn[n ! way to
 our door & n[ ev5 our ,sunday newspap]s
 are deliv]$1 al?\gh we are six miles f 
! ne>e/ news /&4  ,?is br+s u to ! "q ( 
neighborhood1 :i* is important4 ,bew>e (
 a place too ne> a small factory        
settlem5t4 ,! latt] is apt to gr[ &     
de/roy ! peace y h come s f> to get4    

,besides1 y\r prop]ty value w decl9e 9  
direct ratio4 ,we once knew a *>m+ place
 set high on a hill ) neat h$ges1 %rubs1
 & arbors rem9isc5t ( ,engl&1 bir?place 
( ! man :o built & develop$ x4 ,! family
 t b\ght ! prop]ty =got to look d[n at !
 foot ( ! hill4 ,if !y _h1 !y w\ld h se5
 a l>ge & effici5t look+ factory & c\ld 
h read ! signs accord+ly4  ,!           
disadvantages ( a c\ntry home locat$    
close to a hamlet inhabit$ by old native
 /ock families t h deg5]at$ %\ld be     
weigh$ c>efully4 ,su* p res5t :at !y    
consid] unw>rant$ intrusion by newcom]s 
& h _m und]h&$ ways ( express+ _!       
antagonism4 ,( c\rse1 if ^! settl]s are 
m]ely t5ants & ! region %[s di/9ct signs
 t a numb] ( city pione]s are ab\t to   
buy prop]ty !re1 x may be a gamble wor? 
tak+1 s9ce "o c always buy prop]ty *eap]
 be=e a boom ?an aft] x has set 94      
,also1 ^! settlem5ts are frequ5tly      
locat$ 9 ! mo/ beautiful sections ( !   
c\ntry4 ,"s ( ! h\ses are qua9t f>m     
cottages t only ne$ a ?or\gh clean+ & a 

little intellig5t re/oration to make !m 
attractive homes = any "o4  ,aga91 "s ( 
! mo/ picturesque & desirable locations 
are (f on by-roads4 ,!y are mu* to be   
pref]r$ to prop]ty directly on ! ma9    
highway s9ce !y are well away f ! ro> ( 
traffic2 & if !re are *ildr5 or pets1 "o
 ne$ n be con/antly on ! al]t to keep !m
 f /ray+ (f ! premises4 ,h[ev]1 half a  
mile (f ! ma9 highway answ]s ! purpose z
 well z a long] di/ance & "o mu/ be sure
 t half mile is passable at all times ( 
! ye>4  ,we h 9 m9d "o "y c\ple :o b\ght
 a place 9 ,v]mont4 ,x /&s well up on a 
hill & ! view is wor? go+ _m miles to   
see4 ,a picturesque dirt road w9ds a    
crook$ mile up to x4 ,v attractive =    
summ] b ^! two live !re ! ye> ar\nd4 ,! 
sn[ drifts deep 9 w9t]1 & e>ly spr+ &   
late fall f9d ! mud s deep t ! av]age c>
 bogs d[n hopelessly4 ,?us1 !y are      
virtual prison]s dur+ ^! seasons4 ,(    
c\rse t is an extreme case & ev5 "h !   
road c be made passable b only at heavy 
exp5se :i* mu/ be borne pr9cipally by ! 

h\sehold]4  ,la/ly1 9 select+ ! locality
 = y\r exp]im5t 9 c\ntry liv+1 if !re   
are *ildr5 consid]ation ( s*ools is     
ess5tial4 ,! rat+s & relative /&+s (    
grad$ & high s*ools 9 v>i\s localities1 
may be easily obta9$ ?r\gh /ate         
educational au?orities1 college entrance
 bo>ds1 & simil> organizations4 ,b ev5  
:]e ! rat+ report is good1 p]sonal      
inve/igation is advisable4 ,c]ta9 social
 elem5ts ent] 91 despite ! s\nd &       
democratic pr9ciples und]ly+ ! ,am]ican 
public s*ool sy/em4  ,= example1 a      
w\ld-be c\ntry dwell] leas$ a h\se1 )   
option to buy1 9 a v good neighborhood4 
,h\se1 location1 & surr\nd+s exactly    
pleas$ & x 0 a scant t5 m9utes f !      
/ation on a good road4 ,! s*ool sy/em 0 
well rat$ b ! grad$ s*ool = ?is section 
drew a majority ( its pupils f a textile
 mill settlem5t two or ?ree miles away4 
,! *ildr5 ( ! ,engli% sp9n]s & weav]s 7 
dec5t1 well-behav$ y\ng/]s b _! spee* 0 
di/9ctly along cockney l9es4 ,)9 a few  
mon?s ! ?ree small sons ( ! new c\ntry  

dwell] _h develop$ habits ( spee* native
 to ! ,engli% textile t[ns4 ,/]n        
correction at home avail$ little & _!   
p>5ts ab&on$ ! idea ( buy+ 9 t locality4
 ,in/ead1 ano!r 0 select$ aft] p]sonal  
inspection ( ! s*ool to :i* ! ?ree boys 
w\ld g4 ,! new home is n1 9 "s respects1
 z attractive z ! o!r nor is x z        
conv5i5t = commut+1 b "o _c h ev]y?+4   
,!y are cont5t & ! small boys are once m
 express+ !mselves ) a ,new ,engl&      
acc5t4  ,9 inspect+ bo? ! grad$ & high  
s*ools ( a neighborhood t pleases y1 !  
obvi\s ?+s are ! build+s1 s*ool bus     
s]vice1 play space1 provisions = s*ool  
lun*es & s =?4 ,^! are tangible & c be  
readily obs]v$4 ,mu* m important are !  
intangibles4 ,^! include ! s*ola/ic /&+ 
( ! p>ticul> s*ool2 ! p$agogical ability
 & p]sonality ( ! individual tea*]s2 &1 
f9ally1 :e!r ^? :o manage village1      
bor\gh1 or t[n gov]nm5ts1 provide       
adequate s*ool appropriations4  ,s*ools 
t really educate *ildr5 c be op]at$ on  
/>vation budgets b1 m (t5 ?an n1 !      

quality ( tea*+ suff]s4 ,likewise !     
s*ools ( a t[n reflect ! capacity &     
ability ( ^? 9 *>ge4 ,to judge ?is1 make
 x a po9t to meet ! local s*ool         
sup]9t5d5t4 ,if !re is a p>5t-tea*]s    
association1 a frank discussion ) its   
lead] is an excell5t idea4 ,f talks l ^!
 y c sometimes ga!r cog5t in=mation t   
nei!r sup]9t5d5t nor memb] ( ! s*ool    
association w\ld or c\ld put 9 writ+4   
,if possible obs]ve ! s*ool :ile x is 9 
session4 ,! attitude ( tea*]s & *ildr5  
%\ld enable y to =m an e/imate ( x z a  
:ole4  ,9 det]m9+ ! s*ola/ic /&+ ( a    
high s*ool1 its rat+ by college entrance
 bo>ds1 ! success 9 college ( rec5t     
graduates1 & k9dr$ data c be readily    
obta9$ & w tell a complete /ory4 ,h[ev]1
 "u pres5t conditions1 !re are "s       
excell5t high s*ools :i* pay little or  
no att5tion to college prep>ation       
because relatively few pupils int5d to  
ent] college4 ,if ?is condition prevails
 at ! high s*ool y\r *ildr5 w\ld        
normally att5d & y\r plans = !m include 

college or te*nical s*ool1 recognition (
 x is important4 ,a ye> or two 9 a good 
private s*ool t makes a specialty (     
college prep>ation is probably ! answ]4 
,b don't wait until a son or daught] is 
ne>ly ?r\gh ! local high s*ool to       
discov] ?is lack ( specific prep>ation4 
,if1 on ! o!r h&1 y d n int5d to s5d y\r
 *ildr5 to ! s*ools :]e tuition is      
includ$ 9 ! tax bill1 be j z c>eful 9   
judg+ ! private s*ool4 ,! t]m private   
means j :at x says1 x is op5 to *ildr5  
^: p>5ts make private or sep>ate paym5t 
= _! education4 ,?is condition1 h[ev]1  
is no gu>antee t ! quality ( tea*+ w    
excel or ev5 equal t ( ! free or public 
in/itution4  ,! private v5tures are n "u
 z rigid sup]vision z ^? support$ by tax
 rev5ues & we h kn[n ( in/ances :]e !   
=m] 7 di/9ctly bel[ /&>d4 ,) a private  
day s*ool hav+ relatively few pupils & a
 tuition rev5ue only slightly above !   
co/ ( op]ation1 x requires consid]able  
/r5g? ( "* = its own] n to gloss ov] a  
pupil's %ortcom+s4 ,if dealt )          

imp>tially1 ^! might mean t d>l+ ,willie
 w\ld be )drawn & s5t else:]e4 ,loss (  
tuition is ! nightm>e ( ! head ( su* a  
s*ool4 ,h5ce1 fe> ( f9ancial loss1 dread
 ( disagreeable int]views ) p>5ts1 or   
misguid$ l5i5cy c h a v bad effect on ! 
education & tra9+ ( ! pupils4  ,yet !re 
are small day s*ools & l>g] in/itutions 
) bo? day & resid5t pupils t give       
sup]ior tra9+4 ,x is l>gely a matt] ( ! 
attitude & capacity ( ! pr9cipal or     
head4 ,if he or %e is a real tea*] & has
 good assi/ants1 ! *ildr5 w be well     
taught1 reg>dless ( ! physical plant4   
,s1 9 *oos+ a private s*ool1 make sure !
 education x af=ds is wor? ! tuition    
fa!r pays4  ,putt+ ! *ildr5 9 a private 
s*ool necessitates "o ?+ m4 ,t is       
transportation4 ,sometimes a private bus
 takes c>e ( ?is matt]4 ,if n1 "m mu/ be
 ti$ to a daily s*$ule ( driv+ ! y\ng/]s
 to & f s*ool4 ,?is usually entails a   
second c>4 ,"h1 z ) o!r matt]s1 !       
initial co/ is by no means all2 !re is !
 up-keep4 ,?is %\ld n be ov]look$1 = 9 !

 twelve ye>s betwe5 ! fir/ grade & ! la/
 high s*ool ye>1 x becomes an increas+  
burd5 z s*ool h\rs l5g!n & a?letic      
activities become1 to ! *ildr5 at lea/1 
supremely important4     ,,%opp+ ,,=    
,,prop]ty  ,illu/ration     ,,*apt]     
,,iii  ,,%opp+ ,,= ,,prop]ty   ,! e>ly  
,am]ican pione] pu%$ into ! wild]ness   
look+ = a likely spot to settle4 ,:5 he 
_h ei!r f\nd x or _h travel$ z f> z he  
c\ld1 he /ak$ out l& & built a rude     
%elt] = 8 family until su* "t z he c\ld 
af=d bett]4 ,today's pione] decides :e!r
 he w h a h\se & five or m acres 9      
commut+ di/ance ( ! city1 a f>m sev]al  
h\rs away f x1 or a sport+ e/ate4 ,!n1  
/ill seat$ 9 an easy *air1 he rea*es =  
real e/ate adv]tis+ z f\nd 9 newspap]1  
magaz9e or fold]4  ,= ! fir/1 no?+ is   
bett] ?an newspap] classifi$ adv]tis+1  
p>ticul>ly t f\nd 9 ! ,sunday pap]4 ,if 
he w\ld h a f>m f> f ! madd+ cr[d1 !re  
are ! f>m catalogues issu$ by a v>iety (
 real e/ate organizations4 ,^! c be mo/ 
helpful if intellig5tly read4 ,& !      

prospective buy] ( a fancy f>m or sport+
 e/ate w d be/ to turn to ! adv]tis+    
columns ( ^? magaz9es :]e ! editorial   
scope deals ) t type ( c\ntry life4     
,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,old ,,f>mh\se ,,9  
,,! ,,r\gh  ,photo by ,john ,runyon     
,consult+ su* adv]tis+ = :atev] k9d (   
c\ntry home is want$ w give !           
prospective buy] "s def9ite impressions4
 ,( c\rse he won't "k :at any ( ! places
 actually look l1 ?\gh read+ betwe5 !   
l9es may give him "s idea2 b he w at    
lea/ h glean$ a little in=mation z to   
prices 9 a giv5 locality & h ! names (  
brok]s ) (f]+s t might be ( int]e/4 ,a  
decade ago1 if "o really want$ a c\ntry 
place "o began look+ at actual pieces ( 
prop]ty at ?is po9t1 ei!r ) or )\t a    
brok]4 ,dur+ ! pa/ two or ?ree ye>s1    
h[ev]1 a novel s\rce ( in=mation reg>d+ 
su* prop]ty has come into be+4  ,x is   
some:at ( a cross betwe5 a news reel    
mov+ picture !atre & a real e/ate       
brok]'s (fice4 ,!re is a projection     
room1 a small mov+ picture ma*9e1 & an  

ext5sive file ( films ( v>i\s prop]ties 
t are on ! m>ket4 ,"h ! prospective buy]
 is %[n %orts ( all ^? li/$ ) t p>ticul>
 cle>+ h\se4 ,aft] ! %[+1 if "o or m    
places appeal suffici5tly s t ! prospect
 wants to visit !m1 he is giv5 ! brok]'s
 "n & address4 ,?is saves mu* "t & h\rs 
( travel = all conc]n$4  ,9 an h\r or   
two sp5t s %opp+1 y c get fir/          
impressions ( m places ?an y c\ld       
possibly visit 9 a mon? ( week-ends4    
,?us y c limit y\r selection ( places to
 be visit$4 ,! co/ ( ?is novel me?od (  
%[+ prop]ty is met by an arrangem5t     
:]eby sell] & brok] rew>d ! picture h\se
 if ! sale is consummat$4  ,:5 y        
actually beg9 to look at prop]ty1 a few 
don'ts are 9 ord] if y w\ld /e] a fair  
c\rse to ! c\ntry home y h 9 m9d4       
,don't expect any place to h all !      
requirem5ts includ$ 9 y\r m5tal picture4
  ,don't buy a place t does n appeal to 
y4 ,ea* ye> y w l x less4  ,don't buy a 
b>ga9 )\t f9d+ out :y x is bel[ !       
prevail+ price4 ,only too (t5 x proves  

extremely exp5sive4  ,don't disp>age a  
piece ( prop]ty ) ! naive idea t by s   
do+ ! price w be l[]$4 ,y only ar\se    
res5tm5t on ! "p ( ! own]4  ,don't make 
a pe/ ( y\rself by too frequ5t visits to
 a place t attracts y4  ,don't try to   
elim9ate ! real e/ate brok]4 ,if he     
really kn[s 8 t]ritory1 8 s]vices are   
wor? f> m ?an 8 fee :i* is paid by !    
sell] anyway4  ,don't lose y\r temp]    
dur+ ! negotiations t mu/ prec$e ! t]ms 
( sale4 ,y may lose ! place t j suits y4
  ,don't expect to buy prop]ty ) wood5  
money4 ,t cu/om w5t out %ortly aft]     
#aibi4  ,if y c subscribe to ^! po9ts1 y
 are "o ( ^? :o really want a c\ntry    
home & w ev5tually f9d "o4 ,^? :o only  
?9k !y d w /umble ov] "s detail & !n    
settle back ) a pla9tive1 ,we w\ld love 
to move to ! c\ntry if we c\ld only f9d 
a place l y\rs4 ,ca/les 9 ! air h       
ev]y?+1 = imag9ation builds !m2 b ^?    
plant$ f\r squ>e ^u ! e>? always h c]ta9
 outs1 ev5 ?\gh y buy a p]fect build+   
site & put ! h\se y h dream$ ( !reon4   

,p]sonally1 we h always want$ a little  
gray h\se mell[$ by ! summ]s & w9t]s (  
at lea/ a c5tury4 ,:at we b\ght 0 a     
small /ory-&-a-half f>m cottage ) out]  
walls ( wea!r$ %+les1 pa9t$ r$4 ,x is   
old4 ,dur+ ! ,revolution1 a ,briti%     
soldi] 0 sla9 9 ! v doorway z he came   
out ) loot f ! upp] rooms4 ,x w\ld      
und\bt$ly be a haunt$ h\se 9 ,engl& b "h
 our eyes are hold5 & we h nev] se5 him1
 nor h any ( our gue/s4  ,we /ill admire
 gray /one h\ses ( :i* !re are pl5ty d[n
 9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,dut* c\ntry b we are 
hone/ly suit$ ) :at we h4 ,its g5]al    
outl9e is ak9 to ! h\se we envision$ & !
 mell[ tone ( its r$-%+l$ ext]ior has a 
*>m ( its own4 ,true1 ! gr\nds are lack+
 9 ^? little irregul>ities t enable "o  
to develop seclud$ spots & *>m+ rock    
g>d5s4 ,no brook runs ?r\gh !m & !re is 
no high po9t ( l& :]e "o looks (f to a  
brilliant summ] sunset or hills blue )  
haze4 ,x is j a pleas+ peaceful spot &  
we l x4  ,9 %ort1 h all ! preconceiv$   
notions y want b keep an op5 m9d z well 

z an op5 eye4 ,we "k ( two or ?ree      
families t are absolutely satisfi$ ) _! 
c\ntry homes1 yet are p]fectly frank 9  
admitt+ t !y are 9 no way ! type ( h\se 
or sett+ indicat$ by _! prelim9>y       
specifications4 ,!y saw !m 9 ! c\rse (  
_! se>* &1 despite ! div]g5ce1 recogniz$
 t !y met _! dem&s4  ,"o ( our fri5ds _h
 /eadfa/ly insi/$ t 8 c\ntry h\se mu/   
sit on a hilltop :]e he c\ld h a view1  
see ! sun rise & set1 & be cool$ by a   
f9e breeze on ! mo/ torrid day4 ,he     
b\ght an entire f>m j to get an upl&    
pa/ure ) ! requir$ hilltop4 ,luckily he 
call$ 9 an ar*itect & 0 m]cifully       
prev5t$ f gett+ :at he want$4 ,8 h\se 0 
f9ally built on a sightly b %elt]$ spot 
ab\t halfway bel[ ! high po9t ( 8 l&4   
,he has s9ce le>n$ t dur+ ! w9t] mon?s !
 prevail+ we/]ly w9ds s sweep t hilltop 
t heat+ a h\se plac$ !re w\ld be        
exp5sive & difficult4 ,also1 ^! same    
w9ds w\ld be apt to "w havoc ) 8 %rubb]y
 & fl[] g>d54  ,on ! contr>y1 don't let 
y\rself be /amp$$ into buy+ some?+ t    

def9itely does n appeal1 j because y are
 a little tir$ ( look+ b are b\nd to    
live 9 ! c\ntry anyway4 ,real e/ate     
deal]s & w\ld-be helpful fri5ds may h   
ralli$ ar\nd &1 aft] %[+ y a score or m 
p>cels ( l&1 beg9 h9t+ t y are h>d to   
please4 ,possibly1 b j rememb] t y\r    
money pur*ases ! place & t y1 n !y1 w h 
to live !re4 ,two p once sp5t ye>s look+
 = a place )9 easy commut+ di/ance (    
,philadelphia4 ,fri5ds & brok]s became  
exhau/$ & fell by ! way4 ,^w 0 pass$    
ar\nd among ! latt] t ^! p 7 j look]s & 
!re 0 no use bo!r+ ) !m4 ,"o day a      
brok]1 hop+ to be rid ( !m1 %[$ a piece 
( prop]ty s unsightly & g5]ally run d[n 
t he ?\ght no "o c\ld possibly want x4  
,to 8 amazem5t1 !y lik$ x1 saw its      
possibilities &1 aft] prop]             
inve/igation1 b\ght = ca% ) nev] a      
quibble ov] ! price4 ,!y %[$ r>e        
intellig5ce 9 re/or+ bo? h\se & gr\nds &
 are liv+ cont5t$ly !re today4  ,mo/ (  
u1 ?\gh1 :o really want a c\ntry home   
are ( no m9d to sp5d ye>s look+ = "o4 ,x

 may be t ! lease on ! city ap>tm5t is  
due to expire 9 a few mon?s & "o mu/    
decide :e!r x is to be r5ew$ or n4 ,!re 
may be *ildr5 9 ! family :o are 9 urg5t 
ne$ ( ! fre% air & outdoor life ( !     
c\ntry4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 x is (t5 a
 real advantage to r5t a place = a ye> )
 option to buy4 ,"o le>ns bo? ! good &  
bad qualities ( a h\se 9 t "t at        
probably no great] co/ ?an cont9u$ r5tal
 = a city e/abli%m5t4 ,fur!r1 if y      
decide to buy x at ! end ( ! ye>1 !     
r5tal paid may apply on ! pur*ase price4
  ,y c ?us h pl5ty ( "t to look ov] o!r 
prop]ty 9 ! vic9ity4 ,p]haps x may be   
impossible to f9d a h\se t really       
pleases1 b y d discov] an ideal site4 ,x
 may be a f9e old or*>d4 ,x may be a    
tree-%ad$ spot ) an old cell> m>k+ !    
place :]e a h\se once /ood4 ,x may be an
 undevelop$ hillside4 ,9 su* an ev5t1 y 
h ! advantage ( ei!r build+ a h\se to   
y\r lik+1 or f9d+ an old "o & mov+ x    
!re4  ,be v sceptical ab\t b>ga9s 9 y\r 
se>*4 ,relatively few p und]e/imate !   

value ( _! possessions4 ,p]haps !y are  
really will+ to sell at a sacrifice     
because fa!r c't /& ! cold w9t]s any m  
or because we l to feel ! place is 9    
good h&s4 ,b x w\ld seem m reasonable t 
fa!r's decl9+ ye>s 9 ,florida or        
,cali=nia w\ld be sweet5$ 9 direct ratio
 to ! am\nt realiz$ on 8 prop]ty4 ,s    
look well = ! real reason4 ,! h\se may  
be unduly exp5sive to ma9ta94 ,x may be 
s badly built t bigg] & bett] repairs   
become a con/ant dra9 on ! family purse4
 ,!re may be some?+ s wrong ) ! adjo9+  
prop]ty t "o mu/ ei!r buy t1 too1 or    
give up any idea ( liv+ on ! spot ) any 
com=t or pleasure4  ,back 9 #aibh1 a man
 b\ght a comp>atively new h\se & eight  
acres ( l& = a sum f> bel[ ! prevail+   
prices 9 ! vic9ity4 ,! gr\nds 7         
attractive & ! lawn well %ad$ ) f9e old 
maples4 ,he acquir$ ?is b>ga9 9 ! late  
fall )\t b5efit ( real e/ate deal]4 ,9  
fact1 he boa/$ ( 8 acum5 to a brok] :o  
_h orig9ally %[n him sev]al o!r pieces (
 prop]ty 9 ! section4  ,i told y !re 7  

*eap] places1 he *ortl$1 & ! own] gave  
me ! advantage ( ! brok]'s commission1  
too4 ,come out next spr+ & see :at a    
b>ga9 ,i f\nd4 ,9 late ,may !re came a  
wail = help f ! cocksure buy]4 ,a few   
days ( unseasonably w>m wea!r & a /rong 
ea/ w9d _h reveal$ ! reason = ! b>ga94  
,back ( a wood$ area to ! re> ( 8 hold+1
 0 a comb9ation hog f>m & refuse dump4  
,! own] ( x got little or no r5tal f !  
t5ant f>m] :o c>ri$ on 8 noisome bus9ess
 b he 0 well aw>e ( its nuisance value  
to 8 new neighbor4 ,"h inde$ 0 a        
situation requir+ ! s]vices ( t middle  
man1 ! real e/ate brok]4 ,! latt] 0 a   
good bus9ess man & by us+ all 8 guile1  
he ev5tually acquir$ ! hog f>m = 8 cli5t
 at a fair price4 ,b ev5 at t1 ! man n[ 
_h t5 additional acres t he didn't want 
& c\ldn't use4 ,:5 ! co/ ( ! add$ l& &  
cle>+ x ( refuse _h be5 met1 8 place 0 n
 ! b>ga9 x _h seem$ orig9ally4  ,?is    
does n mean t !re are nev] any c\ntry   
places to be _h at real b>ga9s4 ,x is a 
case ( be+ ke5 en\gh or lucky en\gh to  

locate "o4 ,!re c be a numb] (          
legitimate reasons :y a piece ( prop]ty 
is on ! m>ket at a price bel[ its g5]al 
wor?4 ,!re may be urg5t f9ancial reasons
 :y ! own] mu/ sell4 ,9 ?is unhappy     
situation he _c be too firm z to price &
 w usually accept a sum actually bel[ ! 
m>ket value 9 ord] to salvage a fair    
proportion ( :at he may h inve/$4       
,ano!r type ( b>ga9 is t ( prop]ty t has
 only rec5tly become available = c\ntry 
homes ?r\gh ! con/ruction ( a new motor 
highway or "s o!r major developm5t4 ,=  
example1 ! electrification ( !          
,p5nsylvania ,railroad & a concrete     
automobile road f ,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey1 
into ,bucks ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 h     
br\ght old f>ms 9 & ar\nd ,doyle/[n1    
,p5nsylvania1 )9 an h\r & a half ( ,new 
,york ,city4 ,?is condition has n exi/$ 
long & ,bucks ,c\nty f>ms on an acreage 
basis may /ill be b\ght di/9ctly *eap]  
?an 9 practically any o!r section       
equi-di/ant 9 travel "t f ,new ,york4   
,aga91 "s p>ticul> place may be own$ by 

an e/ate ) a numb] ( heirs :o want _!   
money4 ,none ( !m feels incl9$ to take  
ov] ! prop]ty & pay (f ! o!rs4 ,all are 
9 a hurry to get _! %>e ( :at ,uncle    
,h5ry left4 ,ev5tually ! prop]ty goes at
 a p>tition sale :i* is ! b>ga9 basem5t 
( real e/ate4 ,p>tition sales & heirs   
hungry = ready money are ke5ly wat*$ by 
^? :o buy purely = inve/m5t & ) !       
expectation ( resale to "s "o want+ a   
c\ntry home4 ,h5ce ! ultimate consum]   
r>ely b5efits4 ,b occasionally ! regul> 
inve/or f9ds ! matt] ( resale nei!r z   
simple nor z rapid z he _h expect$4  ,= 
"s ye>s we wat*$ a *>m+ little place t a
 real e/ate inve/or _h acquir$ at su* a 
p>tition sale4 ,x 0 fir/ (f]$ 9 ! r\gh4 
,!n ! ab&on$ h\sehold ge> & accumulat$  
tra% 7 remov$4 ,) gr[+ n]v\sness !      
inve/or appli$ a coat ( pa9t to ! h\se &
 hung neat pa9t$ %utt]s at ! w9d[s4 ,he 
tore d[n dilapidat$ outbuild+s & conv]t$
 ! b>n into a g>age4 ,! place /ill hung 
unpluck$ on 8 comm]cial tree4 ,aft] ?ree
 dismal ye>s he p>t$ ) x at a price b   

little above t paid at ! p>tition sale4 
,x 0 a desirable prop]ty b ! inve/or _h 
be5 ov] gre$y & _h put 8 orig9al ask+   
price f> too high4 ,by ! "t he 0 *a/5$  
en\gh to li/5 to reasonable (f]s1 mo/ ( 
! prospective buy]s _h cross$ t place (f
 _! li/4 ,! ultimate pur*as] acquir$ a  
real b>ga9 by happ5+ along at !         
psy*ological mom5t :5 ! inve/or 0 sick (
 8 deal & ready to "p ) x at little or  
no pr(it4  ,?is 01 ( c\rse1 v mu* a     
matt] ( luck4 ,x is also a matt] ( luck 
:5 buy] & sell] deal directly ) ea* o!r 
to mutual advantage4 ,= t reason x is   
poor economy to try disp5s+ ) ! s]vices 
( a real e/ate brok]4 ,a reliable "o is 
an invaluable guide1 m5tor1 & fri5d to !
 lamb fre% f ! city4 ,let him "k :at y  
want & :at y are will+ to pay & he w d 8
 be/ to f9d x4 ,if a place int]e/s y1   
look x ov] well b don't insi/ on s _m   
%[+s t y we> out ! pati5ce ( its        
occupants4 ,nev]1 nev] belittle any     
prop]ty 9 ! he>+ ( its own]4 ,!re are   
all too _m p1 cocksure b ignorant (     

human nature1 :o believe ?is helps to   
get a b>ga94 ,x works j ! opposite4 ,"o 
w\ld n expect to please a man by tell+  
him t 8 son 0 wall-ey$ & !re=e no asset4
 ,! same man is no bett] pleas$ at he>+ 
t 8 h\se is ugly or t ! int]ior is      
some?+ to %udd] at4 ,! prospective buy] 
:o admits he covets ! h\se b _c q meet !
 pur*ase price is mu* m apt to get !    
b5efit ( easi] t]ms4  ,real e/ate buy+  
is /ill a dick] bus9ess4 ,get y\r own   
idea ( values & !n make an (f]--to !    
brok]4 ,x is "p ( 8 job to negotiate ?is
 diff]5ce betwe5 ask+ & actual pur*as+  
price4 ,!oretically buy] & sell] %\ld be
 able to meet & discuss ! little matt] (
 price 9 s5sible & fri5dly fa%ion4      
,actually1 !re is usually z mu* ne$ ( a 
diplomat "h z betwe5 two nations4 ,"o v 
successful brok] rec5tly admitt$ t he   
tries to keep buy] & sell] ap>t z mu* z 
possible :5 negotiat+ ! details ( price1
 t]ms1 concessions & ! l4 ,he /at$ t x  
is amaz+ h[ ord9>ily s5sible p1 9 ! heat
 ( a dick] ov] a piece ( prop]ty1 c get 

at a practical deadlock ov] ! disposal (
 a cord ( wood or :e!r a cupbo>d1 wor?  
possibly five doll>s1 is to be left ) ! 
h\se or remov$4  ,s keep y\r temp]1     
especially :5 x is a "q ( prop]ty y     
really want4 ,we h kn[n p :o 7 turn$    
aside f an ideal place = :i* !y _h hunt$
 mon?s1 because ! sell] fail$ to fall 9 
) "s totally unimportant detail or      
because !y didn't l some?+ 8 lawy] said 
or ! way he said x4 ,sell]s may be      
cantank]\s & _! lawy]s exasp]at+1 b     
rememb]1 y d n inh]it !m along ) !      
prop]ty4 ,once ! latt] has be5 acquir$1 
:i* is y\r real objective1 !y pass out (
 ! picture along ) y\r irritation at !m4
  ,9 buy+ any prop]ty1 h[ev]1 make sure 
t ! title is cle>4 ,! au?or ( ! old     
hymn1 ,:5 ,i c read my title cle> to    
mansions 9 ! skies1 mu/ h be5 famili> ) 
! complications att5dant on acquir+     
e>?ly domiciles4 ,9 o!r words1 if !     
place on :i* y h set y\r he>t is suff]+ 
f t obscure compla9t kn[n z a cl\dy     
title1 x is some?+ to be let alone      

unless ! sell] c cle> x4 ,by ?is t]m is 
meant t some:]e 9 ! *a9 ( own]%ip f !   
orig9al l& grant1 "s sell] c\ld n give a
 cle>1 w>rant$ title4  ,!re are _m      
contribut+ causes = su* a condition1    
p>ticul>ly ) c\ntry prop]ty 9 ! old]    
sections :]e wills & de$s 7 n always    
drawn ) cl>ity & skill4 ,old second or  
?ird mortgages1 presumably paid1 = :i*  
satisfactions 7 nev] record$2 tax li5s t
 h n be5 cle>$2 or possible int]e/s (   
m9ority heirs "u a w dat+ back a        
g5]ation or m2 are "s ( ! mo/ common    
causes = imp]fect titles4 ,b if "o is   
pati5t & ! sell] is will+ to coop]ate1  
su* cl\ds c usually be remov$4          
,sometimes "o discov]s a desirable piece
 ( prop]ty ) a cl\dy title due to a     
family feud or ! /ubbornness ( ! pres5t 
own]4 ,"h x may be to ! buy]'s advantage
 to obta9 an option on x & engage a     
local lawy] exp]i5c$ 9 real e/ate matt]s
 to p]fect ! title4 ,= example1 two     
sp9/] si/]s liv$ 9 _! fa!r's old        
f>mh\se4 ,!y 7 n at all av]se to sell+1 

b "u ! t]ms ( _! fa!r's w1 a niece 9 a  
/ate in/itution = ! feeble m9d$ held a  
life int]e/ 9 ! place4 ,h] aunts grimly 
refus$ to sell & h& ov] ! sum repres5t+ 
h] int]e/ to h] gu>dian4 ,alice has co/ 
u pl5ty & nev] be5 any?+ b a s\rce (    
worry4 ,n a doll> m ( our money goes to 
h] z long z we live4 ,%e is 9 an        
in/itution :]e %e belongs4 ,besides1 h] 
fa!r 0 a rascal4  ,!y 7 will+ to sell at
 a price sev]al ?\s& doll>s less ?an l  
places 9 ! neighborhood 7 br++4 ,s a    
prospective buy] negotiat$ an arrangem5t
 :]eby he acquir$ an option to buy !    
prop]ty at ?is l[ price1 provid$ he c\ld
 make a settlem5t = ! niece's cont+5t   
int]e/ at 8 own exp5se4 ,x took ab\t six
 mon?s b at la/ a settlem5t 0 rea*$     
?r\gh ! c\rts4 ,= ab\t five hundr$      
doll>s paid to ! gu>dian ( ! incompet5t 
woman & an equal am\nt 9 c\rt & lawy]'s 
fees1 he obta9$ a quit claim de$ ( h]   
int]e/ t satisfi$ ! requirem5ts ( !     
corporation t 0 to insure ! validity ( !
 title4 ,! day aft] ! pur*ase 0         

consummat$1 ! new own] 0 (f]$ a price = 
! prop]ty t w\ld h giv5 him a sub/antial
 pr(it above 8 inve/m5t & exp5ses1 _h he
 c>$ to sell4  ,"u su* circum/ances1    
h[ev]1 ! buy] %\ld be sure ! prop]ty is 
a good en\gh inve/m5t to be wor? s mu*  
"t & tr\ble & he %\ld nev] emb>k on su* 
an und]tak+ )\t ! be/ possible legal    
advice4 ,mo/ important ( all1 8 contract
 to buy %\ld be s drawn t ample "t is   
all[$ = ! "w ( p]fect+ ! title4 ,!re    
%\ld also be a provision all[+ him to   
)draw f ! contract & to rega9 8 option  
money1 if cle>+ ! title proves          
impossible or !re is too great exp5se4  
,ano!r detail t %\ld be tak5 into       
acc\nt1 especially ) l& once us$ = f>m+1
 is ! possibility ( old1 half =gott5    
rights ( way4 ,9 ! legal argot1 a "r (  
way is a p]mission to cross prop]ty t   
has road frontage to rea* fields1       
pa/urage1 wood lots1 or ! l :i* are     
o!rwise )\t means ( access4 ,to be b9d+1
 ( c\rse1 su* agreem5ts mu/ h be5       
record$4 ,:]e !y date back half a c5tury

 & h be5 =gott5 & unus$ = _m ye>s1      
lawy]s are sometimes c>eless 9 _! title 
se>* & ov]look !m4 ,?is is a s]i\s      
omission s9ce !y c sudd5ly be reviv$ to 
! discom=t ( a totally innoc5t buy]4    
,"s ye>s ago a man b\ght a simple       
f>mh\se z a summ] home4 ,"o spr+ he     
discov]$ t a neighbor _h acquir$ a c[ &1
 night & morn+1 0 driv+ x across 8 lawn 
& fl[] g>d54 ,at 8 indignant prote/s1 ! 
neighbor s>ca/ically po9t$ out an old   
gateway 9 ! /one wall divid+ _! prop]ty 
& cit$ an agreem5t almo/ a c5tury old t 
provid$ = a "r ( way = cattle across :at
 0 n[ lawn & fl[] g>d54 ,( c\rse reviv+ 
?is "r 0 a case ( pure spite & ev5tually
 !re 0 a law suit4 ,! man ) ! c[ came to
 t]ms1 8 own ( c\rse1 & = a ca%         
consid]ation rel9qui%$ 8 c[ driv+       
rights4 ,mean:ile ! own] ( ! prop]ty _h 
be5 put to "s exp5se & pl5ty (          
annoyance4  ,) ! f9al decision to buy a 
piece ( prop]ty f9ancial details come to
 ! =e4 ,an all ca% basis is n uncommon  
^! days & (t5 br+s a sizable r$uction 9 

! ask+ price4 ,:]e a mortgage is desir$1
 fifty p] c5t ( ! pur*ase price mu/ be  
ca% = h\se & l&1 or ! entire am\nt on   
unimprov$ l&4 ,) ! latt]1 ! mortgage    
l5d] w expect y to provide at lea/ half 
( ! total co/ ( ! l& & ! propos$ h\se4  
,gone are ! days :5 c\ntry homes c\ld be
 b\ght ) fir/ & second mortgages & v    
little ca%4 ,?is type ( f9anc+ 0 tri$ & 
f\nd want+ dur+ ! late depression1 s9ce 
x l$ _m p to commit !mselves to paym5ts 
!y c\ld n cont9ue if rev]ses 7 exp]i5c$4
  ,!re are v>i\s k9ds ( fir/ mortgages  
n[ be+ us$ to assi/ 9 f9anc+ ! pur*ase (
 a c\ntry home4 ,"o ( ! olde/ is !      
pur*ase money type4 ,?is is giv5 ! sell]
 z "p ( ! total price paid by ! buy]4   
,=m]ly su* mortgages 7 = a %ort t]m1    
?ree or five ye>s1 & payable 9 full at !
 end ( t p]iod4 ,n[ "s ( !m are = long] 
p]iods & provide = mon?ly amortization  
*>ges by :i* ! mortgage is paid 9 full  
by ! end ( ! "t specifi$4  ,! ,f$]al    
,h\s+ ,adm9i/ration mortgages1 :i* are a
 rec5t ,new ,deal endeavor to make funds

 = home buy+ or build+ safe & /able1 are
 issu$ by local banks ) ! paym5t (      
int]e/ & pr9ciple gu>ante$ to ! bank    
?r\gh ! op]ation ( ?is gov]nm5t         
controll$ ag5cy4 ,^! mortgages are      
amortiz$ ov] p]iods ( t51 fifte51 &     
tw5ty ye>s & ! borr[] mu/ make specifi$ 
mon?ly paym5ts t include taxes1 int]e/  
*>ges1 & amortization4 ,!y are n        
available 9 all sections because "s     
local banks hold t !y conflict 9 details
 ) o!r bank+ regulations4 ,s f> z !     
borr[] is conc]n$1 ^! mortgages are no  
diff]5t f any o!r simil> me?od ( f9anc+4
 ,if paym5ts are n made regul>ly &      
promptly1 =eclosure proce$+s w be />t$4 
,l>ge insurance companies or sav+s &    
loan associations also issue fifte5 to  
tw5ty ye> fir/ mortgages1 amortiz$ ov] !
 p]iod by mon?ly1 qu>t]ly1 or           
semi-annual paym5ts4 ,! int]e/ rate     
v>ies f five to five & a half p] c5t4   
,if su* a mortgage is arrang$ = a new   
h\se1 ar*itect's plans & specifications 
mu/ be submitt$ ) ! application = loan4 

,! site mu/ be free & cle> ( all        
mortgages or o!r obligations4 ,y\r own  
f9ancial rat+ is look$ up by ! l5d] &1  
if satisfactory1 ! company issues a     
commitm5t t y c take to y\r local bank  
:]e def9ite am\nts are paid z ! "w      
progresses2 s mu* :5 ext]ior walls are  
complete2 su* a proportion :5 r\gh pip+ 
= plumb+ has be5 in/all$2 ano!r am\nt :5
 all la? & pla/] has be5 f9i%$2 & s on  
until ! f9al paym5t :5 ! h\se is f9i%$4 
,!n ! =mal mortgage is execut$ &        
record$4 ,!re are brok]s :o specialize 9
 negotiat+ su* mortgages4 ,_! fee is    
ab\t two p] c5t4  ,s mu* = ! usual      
*annels ( f9anc+4 ,9 addition1 ! buy] c 
/ill make 8 own mortgage arrangem5ts )  
"s inve/or :o has money to loan if he   
kn[s su* a p]son4 ,fur!r1 al?\gh second 
mortgages %\ld be avoid$ if possible1 !y
 are sometimes issu$ :]e a buy] is      
consid]$ a good risk b lacks suffici5t  
capital to meet ! fifty p] c5t ca%      
requirem5t t prevails today4 ,su* loans 
are n usually made = ov] tw5ty p] c5t ( 

! apprais$ value & g5]ally call = a     
high] rate ( int]e/1 six p] c5t4 ,!y are
 also apt to be = a %ort t]m1 two or    
?ree ye>s1 :5 !y mu/ be paid 9 full4  ,)
 bo? fir/ & second mortgages1 ! l5d]s w 
inquire c>efully into ! f9ancial        
responsibility ( ! w\ld-be borr[]4 ,!y w
 want to "k exactly h[ mu* ( 8 own ready
 money he plans to use 9 ! transaction4 
,?is is to be sure t he has a sub/antial
 equity 9 ! prop]ty & w n be /ruggl+ "u 
too great a f9ancial burd54  ,hav+      
p]fect$ ! me?od = f9anc+ y\r pur*ase1 n[
 comes ! =mal contract to buy4 ,?is is  
an agreem5t :]eby y und]take to         
consummate ! pur*ase at a future date1  
g5]ally ?irty to sixty days1 at ! agre$ 
price4 ,on execut+ su* a contract1 :i*  
%\ld be review$ by y\r lawy] be=e y1 z  
buy]1 sign x1 expect to pay ! sell]     
?r\gh ! brok] t5 p] c5t ( ! total       
pur*ase price4 ,?is is done on sign+ !  
contract4 ,! "t betwe5 sign+ ?is        
contract & ! date set = ! title clos+ is
 employ$ = title se>* & insurance1 l&   

survey & simil> details4 ,if ! title    
proves imp]fect s t y _c complete !     
pur*ase1 y\r *eck is return$ to y4 ,z = 
! co/ ( title insurance1 ! corporations 
issu+ su* policies h an e/abli%$ scale (
 prices4 ,^! v>y slightly 9 diff]5t p>ts
 ( ! c\ntry4 ,title policies h g5]ally  
replac$ ! old indep5d5t title se>* by   
lawy]s t _h no elem5ts ( insurance4 ,:]e
 a company has already se>*$ & insur$ ! 
title1 reissue ( ! policy is made to y  
at ab\t half ! orig9al fee4  ,! co/ (   
survey+ prop]ty is bas$ on ! am\nt ( "w 
involv$4 ,= survey+ five acres ( :at 0  
=m]ly f>m l& & t has nev] _h its bord]s 
s measur$ & def9$1 ! av]age *>ge today  
is f "o hundr$ to "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five
 doll>s4 ,special conditions may raise  
or l[] ?is4 ,an e/abli%$ surveyor :o    
kn[s ! locality is1 ( c\rse1 ! be/ p]son
 to und]take su* "w4 ,8 previ\s surveys 
( o!r adjac5t prop]ties c (t5 enable him
 to locate & id5tify old b\nd>y m>ks t  
"s "o n conv]sant ) ! locality might f9d
 baffl+4 ,mu* c\ntry prop]ty is v       

vaguely describ$ by old de$s4 ,fifty    
acres m or less b\nd$ on ! ea/ by !     
highway1 nor!rly by l& own$ by ,jones1  
we/]ly to t ( or rec5tly own$ by ,smi?1 
& s\!rly by t ( ,br[n1 illu/rates r\ghly
 an old title description4 ,y may get   
=ty-five or fifty-five acres1 & x is up 
to y to e/abli% j :at f5ces & s =? are  
y\r actual b\nd>ies4  ,a surveyor r$uces
 all ?is to exact measurem5ts & puts    
def9ite m>k]s at ! corn]s & :]ev] else !
 p>ty l9es *ange direction4 ,:5 f9i%$1  
he provides y ) a c]tifi$ copy ( 8      
survey 9 map =m1 giv+ di/ances &        
indicat+ location ( 8 monum5ts4 ,^! are 
usually ei!r iron /akes driv5 two or    
?ree feet into ! gr\nd or concrete po/s 
ab\t two in*es squ>e set 9 ! gr\nd &    
pla9ly visible4 ,x is illegal to move   
su* m>ks4  ,) title cle> & ! survey     
complet$1 ev]y?+ is ready = ! title     
clos+1 z lawy]s call ! "t :5 title to ! 
prop]ty passes f sell] to buy]4 ,!      
latt]'s lawy] %\ld h inve/igat$ & pass$ 
on all /eps prior to ?is & adju/$ any   

m9or details ) ! sell]'s lawy]4 ,! buy] 
& 8 lawy] & ! sell] & 8 lawy] %\ld all  
be pres5t at a title clos+4 ,! paid tax 
bills = ! curr5t ye> are fir/ pres5t$ & 
any m9or adju/m5ts made4 ,!n ! buy]     
pres5ts a c]tifi$ *eck or actual ca% = !
 am\nt he has agre$ to pay4 ,he also has
 a small am\nt ( money on h& to meet any
 adju/m5ts su* z taxes1 insurance1 & !  
l4 ,la/ly1 ! de$1 :i* has be5 c>efully  
review$ by ! buy]'s lawy]1 is sign$ by !
 sell] &1 = bett] or worse1 y h become a
 c\ntry prop]ty own]4     ,,call ,,9    
,,an ,,ar*itect  ,illu/ration           
,,*apt] ,,iv  ,,call ,,9 ,,an ,,ar*itect
   ,! prospective c\ntry dwell] is n[   
own] ( a piece ( prop]ty & 8 ideas are  
probably fairly def9ite z to h[ 8 home  
is go+ to look :5 8 family is actually  
liv+ !re4 ,b seldom is x a simple matt] 
( ga!r+ ! h\sehold goods into a mov+    
van1 hav+ !m set d[n 9 ! new place1 & !n
 go+ out on ! t]race to wat* ! sunset   
:ile deft work]s )9 set ?+s to rights4  
,!re may be no h\se at all on 8 new     

hold+1 mu* less a t]race4 ,at ! "t (    
pur*ase1 an old mill1 b>n or o!r        
comb9ation ( walls & ro( may /& 9 place 
( 8 imag9>y home4 ,ev5 a h\se 9 good    
condition usually ne$s a little         
r5ovation4 ,dur+ ! negotiations =       
pur*ase1 8 lawy] kept him f legal       
pitfalls4 ,j z important n[ 9 bridg+ !  
gap betwe5 :at he has & :at he wants is 
an ar*itect4  ,if he has be5 consult$   
be=e pur*ase1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,if n1 x is
 high "t to seek him out unless "o      
happ5s to be a g5ius l ,?omas ,jeff]son 
:o c\ld draft a ,decl>ation (           
,indep5d5ce ) "o h& & design a s]p5t9e  
wall ) ! o!r4 ,su* a p]son has no ne$ ( 
?is book anyway & w long s9ce h ca/ x   
aside4 ,mo/ ( u are j av]age citiz5s )  
"s ideas :i* we want to put into        
concrete =m b f9d difficult because we  
are ei!r in>ticulate or untra9$4  ,t is 
:at v>i\s speciali/s are =1 & x is a    
wise man :o realizes 8 own limitations4 
,a sug> brok] may h ideas ab\t a        
portrait b he won't try to pa9t x       

himself4 ,he w commission a portrait    
pa9t]1 9 :om he has confid5ce1 to make a
 lik5ess ( 8 wife or *ild z ! case may  
be4 ,ev5 m necess>y are ! s]vices ( an  
ar*itect :5 build+ or remodel+ a h\se4  
,try+ to be y\r own ar*itect is z fooli%
 z draw+ a sket* ( little ,j]ry on      
canvas & !n call+ 9 a h\se pa9t] to sme>
 on a daub ( blue = 8 coat1 a bit (     
yell[ = 8 hair1 :ite = 8 coll>1 & j     
any?+ = ! backgr\nd4 ,at wor/1 ?\gh1 ?is
 futuri/ic result c be tak5 to ! attic1 
turn$ face to ! wall & =gott52 b a bot*$
 h\se won't let y =get4 ,y h to live 9 x
 along ) y\r mi/akes1 day aft] day &1   
possibly1 ye> aft] ye>4 ,:5 & if y      
f9ally call 9 an ar*itect & h !m rem$i$ 
or obviat$1 ! co/ w be consid]ably 9    
excess ( :at 8 total fee w\ld h be5 9 ! 
beg9n+4  ,s1 f9d ! be/ man practic+ 9 ! 
vic9ity :]e y\r future home is to be    
locat$ & ca/ y\r burd5s on 8 draft+     
bo>d4 ,give him ample in=mation z to :at
 suits y\r fancy & con=ms to y\r family 
ne$s4 ,!n he c proce$ ) ! prelim9>y     

sket*es4 ,f ^! ev5tually w come ! plan (
 action to be foll[$ by ! v>i\s artisans
 :o w d ! "w4 ,b h\se plans1 :e!r = new 
con/ruction1 remodel+ or r5ovat+1 d n   
spr+ f ! draft+ bo>d complete & f9al    
ov]night4 ,!y are bas$ on m prelim9>y   
ef=t ?an mo/ p )\t build+ exp]i5ce      
realize4  ,?is is p>ticul>ly true ( !   
c\ntry home4 ,9 cities & suburbs1 build+
 plots are m or less /&>diz$ units 9 a  
*eck]-bo>d ) two controll+ factors1 s _m
 feet ( /reet frontage & su* & su* dep?4
 ,local build+ ord9ances %>ply limit !  
type & size ( /ructure4 ,! c\ntry (f]s  
mu* great] latitude4 ,su* matt]s z      
topography1 location ( exi/+ trees1 &   
po9ts ( ! compass ) relation to ! ma9   
rooms ( ! h\se play important roles4    
,we well rememb] a dismal example ( :at 
c happ5 :5 ^! controll+ factors are     
ignor$4 ,! own] 0 an op9ionat$ man ) a  
passion = economy4 ,h\se build+ 0 to him
 no my/]y4 ,x 0 j f\ndations1 side      
walls1 ro(1 /airways1 int]ior p>titions 
&1 ( c\rse1 plumb+1 heat+ & s =?4 ,8    

h\se 0 go+ to co/ j s mu* & p :o paid   
ar*itects' fees = plans _h m money ?an  
bra9s4 ,besides1 he _h se5 a sket* &    
floor plans ( a h\se 9 a magaz9e t 7    
good en\gh = him4 ,he knew a build] :o  
c\ld foll[ !m & :at m did "o ne$8       
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,really ,,e>ly        
,,am]ican ,,int]ior4 ,,! ,,great        
,,fireplace ,,( ,,! ,,wayside ,,inn1    
,,sudbury1 ,,mass4  ,h5ry ,=d  ,! little
 matt] ( relat+ ! /ructure to ! site    
conc]n$ him n at all1 nor did x ent] 8  
head t a h\se c\ld face any:]e except   
t[>ds ! road4 ,z = ! contractor1 x 0 n =
 him to reason :y1 b to build4 ,s !y w5t
 to "w & a h\se entirely made up ( good 
?+s done 9 ! wrong way 0 ! result4 ,an  
outcropp+ ( rock meant exp5sive bla/+1 s
 ! magaz9e-pictur$ h\se 0 set firmly d[n
 almo/ on ! roots ( a f9e r[ ( old p9e  
trees by ! roadside4 ,?r\gh ^! ! w9d    
h[l$ m\rnfully at night & by day _! %ade
 made ! ma9 rooms ( ! gr\nd floor       
di/9ctly gloomy4  ,x 0 an ambiti\s h\se 
& ! lead$ glass w9d[s ( ! liv+ room fac$

 nor?4 ,s keep+ its temp]ature at a     
com=table po9t 9 w9t] 0 an add$         
difficulty4 ,! sunny s\?we/]n exposure1 
be+ at ! back1 0 giv5 ov] to kit*5 &    
s]vants' qu>t]s4 ,la/ly1 ! "o pleas+    
prospect1 a fri5dly little valley ) a   
me&]+ brook1 c\ld only be se5 to        
advantage f ! g>age4 ,! ar*itect's fee  
_h be5 sav$ b :51 a little lat]1 ! own] 
want$ to sell1 x took sev]al ye>s to f9d
 a buy] & !n only at a price ( half !   
money inve/$4 ,! new own] consult$ an   
ar*itect ) a gift = re>rang+ & s succe$$
 9 mitigat+ ! wor/ features & 9 tak+    
advantage ( ! *e]ful aspects inh]5t ) ! 
site4 ,l a good doctor or lawy]1 an able
 ar*itect c usually get y out ( tr\ble2 
b ! anci5t slogan1 ,an ounce ( prev5tion
 is wor? a p\nd ( cure1 fits admirably  
"h4  ,d n1 h[ev]1 engage an ar*itect z  
lightly z y w\ld select a cravat4 ,to   
him y are intru/+ ! task ( putt+ y\r    
*aotic & half-express$ ?\ghts & desires 
into a set ( plans t w guide & control  
masons1 c>p5t]s1 plumb]s1 electricians1 

& pa9t]s 9 _! "w4 ,z y\r pr(essional    
advis]1 x w be 8 job to bridge ! gap    
betwe5 ! date ( pur*ase & ! happy       
occasion :5 y\r h\sehold goods are      
deposit$ 9 a home embody+ y\r ideas &   
wi%es4  ,obvi\sly he mu/ be 9 sympa?y ) 
^? ideas4 ,if y are build+ a new h\se on
 old l9es or remodel+ an exi/+ /ructure 
) a c5tury or m to its cr$it1 don't     
select a man to advise y :o c see no?+ b
 ! newe/ & mo/ mod]ni/ic types (        
ar*itecture4 ,don't be afraid to ask =  
evid5ces ( pa/ p]=mances4 ,s9ce no      
ar*itect disc>ds 8 plans & r5d]+s1 he w 
be glad to %[ y a few ( !m4 ,also 9 ?is 
initial conf]5ce1 names ( cli5ts = :om  
he has execut$ commissions )9 ! fairly  
rec5t pa/ may be m5tion$4 ,x is s5sible 
to consult two or ?ree ( ^!4 ,if he has 
pleas$ !m1 he is probably fitt$ to      
und]take y\r problems4 ,= solv+ !m &    
kn[+ h[ to get desir$ results1 y w pay  
him a fee t ranges f six to t5 p] c5t ( 
! total co/ ( ! "w und]tak54 ,= special 
cases t involve unusual "w1 x may be    

slightly high]4 ,! am\nt ( ! fee1 z well
 z ! dates at :i* portions ( x become   
payable1 w be settl$ 9 y\r initial      
int]view4  ,!re are occasional m51      
h[ev]1 call+ !mselves ar*itects :o are n
 qualifi$4 ,!y h no degree f a recogniz$
 s*ool2 _c qualify = regi/ration 9 /ates
 :]e ar*itects1 l doctors1 lawy]s1      
tea*]s & o!r pr(essional p1 mu/ h a /ate
 lic5se to practice4 ,l o!r *>latans1   
su* m5 are glib talk]s b x takes real   
ability & ?or\gh tra9+ to prep>e        
practical plans & specifications4 ,"h is
 :]e ! dab/] betrays himself4 ,a little 
indep5d5t inve/igation may prev5t y f   
putt+ y\r build+ problems into ! h&s (  
su* an incompet5t man4  ,! ne$ ( an     
ar*itect :]e a new h\se is to be built  
or an old "o completely remodel$ is     
obvi\s4 ,we are conv9c$ t ! same holds  
true :]e only m9or *anges1 replacem5ts &
 ! introduction ( mod]n conv5i5ces are !
 program4 ,our own little c\ntry home is
 an example4 ,! necess>y alt]ations 7 s 
simple t x seem$ ridicul\s to ask       

ar*itectural advice4 ,!re 0 no?+ to !   
job b to in/all plumb+1 move "o         
p>tition1 pat* ! pla/]+1 & close *imney 
& o!r pipe op5+s cut 9 ! days :5 /oves1 
r ?an fireplaces1 furni%$ heat4  ,we    
engag$ a good local man :o1 ) 8 crew (  
f\r or five help]s1 0 accu/om$ to do+   
ev]y?+ f c>p5try to plumb+4 ,8 labor    
*>ges 7 on a p] diem basis & consid]ably
 "u ! union scale t !n prevail$4 ,no?+ 0
 left indef9ite4 ,we und]/ood exactly h[
 ! "w 0 to be done & :at mat]ials we 7  
to supply4 ,9 due "t x 0 f9i%$ & we mov$
 94 ,two or ?ree ye>s lat]1 we discov]$ 
"s s]i\s %ortcom+s4 ,= in/ance1 ! kit*5 
s9k 0 hung 9 ! wrong place &1 because x 
0 easi]1 all ( ! wat] pipes 7 plac$ on  
outside walls4 ,?is made no diff]5ce :5 
! h\se 0 occupi$ only dur+ ! summ] mon?s
 b dur+ ! fir/ w9t] we became exp]ts 9  
?aw+ pipes t caught :5ev] ! temp]ature  
dropp$ to z]o4  ,!re 0 ano!r economy t  
prov$ q ! opposite ev5 be=e ! "w 0      
f9i%$4 ,we _h agre$ t :]ev] ! old la? & 
pla/] 7 9 bad condition1 !y 7 to be     

remov$ & replac$ ) a pap] wall bo>d !n  
be+ widely adv]tis$ z an inexp5sive     
sub/itute4 ,b we _h reckon$ )\t !       
idiosyncrasies ( an #ah? c5tury h\se4   
,:5 ! old la? & pla/] _h be5 cle>$ away1
 our h&yman contractor discov]$ t ! old 
beams & uprights 7 spac$ at eighte5-in* 
int]vals1 :ile our new wall bo>d came 9 
wid?s con=m+ to ! sixte5-in* spac+ t has
 be5 /&>d ) ,am]ican h\se con/ruction = 
a c5tury4 ,x 0 too late to return ! wall
 bo>d s new nail+ /rips1 sixte5 in*es   
ap>t1 _h to be in/all$4 ,?is took "t &  
:5 ! s-call$ inexp5sive sub/itute 0     
f9ally 9 place1 ! total co/ actually    
exce$$ t ( ! m satisfactory la? & pla/]4
  ,fur!r1 because nobody 0 at h& to     
prev5t x1 we lo/ a good p>tition (      
fea!r-edge bo>d+4 ,x 0 betwe5 two ( !   
b$rooms1 conceal$ b5ea? sev]al lay]s (  
wallpap]4 ,:5 /ripp$1 two or ?ree cracks
 7 f\nd ?r\gh :i* "o c\ld look f "o room
 to ! o!r4 ,^! c\ld h be5 fill$ ) wood5 
%ims b ! workm5 did n /op to ?9k ( t4   
,!y ripp$ x out & put 9 a tight & mode/ 

p>tition ( t ultra-mod]n wall bo>d4 ,x 0
 well done me*anically & is /ill 9      
place1 b we m\rn t orig9al panel+ (     
native :ite wood & cont9ually keep an   
eye out = "s l x4  ,ev5tually1 :5 all ! 
mi/akes ( ignorance & lack ( sup]vision 
h be5 correct$1 we w h sp5t sev]al times
 ! total ( ! ar*itect's fee4 ,s we are  
out ( pocket &1 except = relocat+ ! wat]
 pip+1 we are /ill look+ at & rep5t+ mo/
 ( ! results ( our false economy4  ,?us1
 an ar*itect is all-important ) a h\se  
problem :e!r x involves a m9or or major 
und]tak+ & x is logical to ask exactly  
:at he does = 8 fee4 ,consid]1 =        
in/ance1 8 functions & s]vices :5 a new 
h\se is to be built4 ,z a beg9n+1 own] &
 ar*itect meet1 inspect ! site1 :ile !  
ar*itect1 l any good diagno/ician1 asks 
que/ions4 ,^! deal ) ! type ( h\se !    
own] ?9ks he wants1 ! numb] ( rooms1    
ba?s1 & s =? &1 f9ally1 ! am\nt ( money 
he is prep>$ to sp5d4 ,he (f]s few      
op9ions ( 8 own at ?is int]view b r     
tries to read 8 cli5t's m9d s t         

prelim9>y sket*es & plans w approximate 
t m5tal picture4  ,a few days lat]1     
t5tative sket*es ( a h\se design$ to    
suit ! location are submitt$4 ,out ( !m 
gr[ ! revis$ ones4 ,x is highly         
improbable t 8 initial sugge/ions w suit
 y 9 e detail4 ,x takes "t & int]*ange (
 ideas be=e ?is c be accompli%$4 ,:5 !y 
rea* ! /age :]e !y repres5t ! h\se y    
want1 ! ar*itect prep>es a complete set 
( work+ draw+s1 includ+ floor plans &   
side wall elevations4 ,^! are drawn on a
 scale ( "o qu>t] ( an in* to ! foot4 ,z
 soon z ! draw+s are f9i%$1 he drafts ! 
specifications or bill ( p>ticul>s z to 
mat]ials to be us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( !  
h\se4 ,^! ) ! plans =m ! basis on :i*   
contractors may submit bids = ! "w4     
,fir/1 h[ev]1 own] & ar*itect %\ld g ov]
 ?is mat]ial toge!r4 ,mak+ *anges aft] !
 contracts are let & ! "w begun is bo?  
exp5sive & fooli%4 ,if y f9d x difficult
 to visualize an actual h\se f ! draw+s1
 a model made f wall bo>d or simil>     
mat]ial is a wise precaution4 ,fa%ion$  

on ! same scale ( "o qu>t] ( an in* to !
 foot1 x is y\r propos$ h\se 9 ! little1
 & on see+ x no d\bts are left4 ,w9d[s &
 doors are all 9 _! prop] places4 ,!    
ext]ior is pa9t$ to mat* ! color &      
simulate ! mat]ial t is to be us$4      
,f9ally1 ! model c be tak5 ap>t s t y c 
/udy ! int]ior ( b$room & liv+ room     
floors4 ,su* models1 ( c\rse1 are n     
includ$ 9 ! ar*itect's fee b ! co/ ( "o 
= an av]age h\se is "u #ajj4 ,if y c    
visualize y\r propos$ home ?or\ghly by  
x1 ! exp5se is well w>rant$4  ,!        
ar*itect c be ( great s]vice 9 ! matt] (
 contractor's bids4 ,he kn[s ! pa/      
p]=mances ( ^? op]at+ 9 ! vic9ity :]e y 
propose build+ & c sugge/ ! m5 or firms 
^: "w is mo/ satisfactory4 ,f f\r to    
eight g5]al contractors1 t is1          
individuals or firms compet5t to        
und]take ! complete build+ op]ation1    
ought to be invit$ to submit seal$ bids4
 ,ea* is suppli$ ) a complete set (     
plans & specifications by ! ar*itect &  
giv5 f t5 days to two weeks 9 :i* to    

submit _! bids4 ,9 addition to ! total  
price = ! "w1 ^! bids1 by common cu/om1 
give ! names ( ! *ief sub-contractors   
su* z plumb]1 electrician & ! l1 ) !    
am\nt ( money allocat$ = ! "w ( ea*4    
,on a set day1 usually a ,saturday      
aft]noon1 own] & ar*itect meet1 op5 !   
bids1 & comp>e ! (f]s made by ! v>i\s   
contractors4 ,mo/ ( !m include alt]nate 
provisions on condition t !y be all[$ to
 sub/itute mat]ials or me?ods (         
con/ruction n accord+ to !              
specifications4 ,! contractor :o submits
 ! l[e/ bid w\ld logically be ! "o      
select$ b "h aga9 ! ar*itect's judgm5t  
is valuable4 ,fir/1 he c rapidly det]m9e
 :e!r ! provisional sav+ sugge/$ by     
sub/itution ( unspecifi$ mat]ials is a  
wise *ange4 ,second1 he kn[s :e!r !     
bidd] "u consid]ation is dep5dable or   
incl9$ to skimp 9 hidd5 b ess5tial      
po9ts4  ,!re is1 also1 ! possible *ance 
t none ( ! bids submitt$ come )9 ! sum !
 own] is prep>$ to sp5d4 ,!n comes !    
task ( revis+ plans & specifications &  

elim9at+ non-ess5tials to br+ co/s )9 ! 
set figure4 ,f practical exp]i5ce1      
h[ev]1 ar*itects h f\nd t1 if ! propos$ 
h\se is j :at ! own] wants1 he w someh[ 
f9d ! additional money r ?an h plans or 
details *ang$4  ,aft] a contractor ^:   
bid & quality ( "w are satisfactory has 
be5 select$1 ! ar*itect1 act+ = ! own]1 
lets ! contract to him4 ,?is includes   
provisions = p>tial paym5ts at /at$     
p]iods z ! "w progresses2 s mu* :5 !    
masonry is complet$2 ano!r am\nt :5 !   
ext]ior walls are f9i%$2 & s on1 includ+
 plumb+1 heat+1 pla/]+ & electrical     
wir+4 ,) ea* paym5t1 fifte5 p] c5t ( !  
total is held back & does n become due  
until ! entire "w has be5 f9i%$4 ,?is is
 a /&>d practice & is int5d$ to insure  
completion ( ! contract to !            
satisfaction ( bo? own] & ar*itect4 ,"u 
?is provision1 ! ar*itect c]tifies to ! 
own] ea* mon? t c]ta9 "w has be5 done & 
t ! contractor is entitl$ to s mu* money
 = x4  ,f ! day t con/ruction />ts1 !   
ar*itect beg9s 8 "w ( sup]vision4 ,at   

lea/ twice a week he goes to ! site &   
obs]ves ! progress ( ! "w & h[ x is be+ 
done4 ,special conditions may arise :]e 
! contractor or 8 =eman call hurri$ly = 
! ar*itect1 su* z uncov]+ a l>ge b\ld]  
at "o corn] ( ! excavation = ! cell>4   
,!re may be a f9e po9t to be decid$     
reg>d+ ! location ( pip+ or "s detail$  
in/ruction conc]n+ ! in/allation ( !    
int]ior woodwork4 ,on ^! occasions x    
saves "t = ev]ybody if ! ar*itect or "o 
( 8 associates is readily available4    
,wat*+ ! cell> excavation = unexpect$   
subsurface wat] is also an item t no    
exp]i5c$ ar*itect neglects4 ,he sees to 
x t concrete = f\ndations is mix$       
prop]ly & has ! specifi$ p]c5tage (     
cem5t4 ,! in/allation ( pip+ = plumb+ & 
heat+ is sup]vis$ c>efully1 z is ! "w ( 
pla/]+4  ,z ! h\se ne>s completion1 8   
sup]vision increases 9 direct ratio4 ,9 
fact1 dur+ ! la/ two or ?ree weeks1 !   
ar*itect is n infrequ5tly !re mo/ ( !   
"t4 ,! la/ details ( ! int]ior trim are 
be+ complet$1 decorat+ is "u way1 &     

light+ fixtures are be+ in/all$4 ,all ( 
^! require direct sup]vision & !        
ar*itect expects to be on h&4 ,^! f9al  
details c make or m> ! g5]al effect m   
?an is realiz$4  ,:5 y\r h\se is f9i%$  
to ! ar*itect's satisfaction1 he gives 8
 f9al approval & ?irty days !reaft] !   
f9al bill ( ! contractor is payable4    
,?is p]iod is to all[ = m9or adju/m5ts1 
su* z w9d[s t /ick1 doors t w n lat* & !
 l1 ! small ?+s t always ne$ to be done 
) any new h\se & are g5]ally att5d$ to  
aft] ! own] & 8 family h tak5           
possession4  ,j z ! g5]al contractor is 
paid 9 in/allm5ts1 ! ar*itect's fee is  
likewise liquidat$4 ,!re is a /&>d      
s*$ule :i* provides t "o-fif? ( !       
e/imat$ fee %all be paid on completion (
 satisfactory prelim9>y sket*es2        
two-fif?s :5 ! plans & specifications   
are f9i%$ or on lett+ ! contract =      
actual build+4 ,! balance is paid mon?ly
 9 proportion to ! am\nts paid !        
contractor4  ,:5 a h\se is to be        
remodel$1 ! ar*itect proce$s 9 mu* !    

same way4 ,he pres5ts sugge/$ sket*es ( 
! ways 9 :i* ! desir$ *anges c be       
accompli%$4 ,:5 ^! are satisfactory1    
work+ draw+s are prep>$ t %[ :at is to  
be remov$ & :at new con/ruction         
und]tak54 ,! work+ draw+s are1 ( c\rse1 
accompani$ by a set ( specifications1 & 
contractors are invit$ to submit bids = 
do+ ! "w4 ,on lett+ ! contract1 "w      
proce$s ab\t z ) t ( build+ a new h\se4 
,!re are1 h[ev]1 m opportunities =      
un=ese5 cont+5cies & s ! ar*itect (t5   
has to devote m ( 8 "t to sup]vision4   
,sometimes1 if ! p>ticul> remodel+      
project is "o requir+ unusual c>e1 !    
p]c5tage ( 8 fee is a little high] by   
special arrangem5t4  ,:]e a h\se        
requires m9or *anges t qualify m]ely z  
r5ovation1 ! ar*itect's "w is1 ( c\rse1 
mu* simpl]4 ,ext5sive prelim9>y sket*es 
are unnecess>y1 & complete floor &      
elevation plans n requir$4 ,b           
ar*itectural inve/igation1 plann+ &     
sup]vision1 z /at$ be=e1 are highly     
desirable if n ess5tial4 ,8 fee is      

usually ! same t5 p] c5t z applies = new
 con/ruction4 ,!re is less actual plan  
draft+ b ! am\nt ( sup]vision is s mu* 9
 excess ( t requir$ = new con/ruction t 
su* a *>ge is by no means unreasonable4 
,besides1 ! own] has ! assurance t all  
*anges & new in/allations w be done     
prop]ly ) no gl>+ errors ( judgm5t to   
mock him z he settles d[n to life 9 8   
c\ntry home4     ,,build+ ,,v]sus       
,,remodel+  ,illu/ration     ,,*apt] ,v 
,,build+ ,,v]sus ,,remodel+   ,%all ,i  
build or remodel8 is a "q ) s _m facets 
t x w\ld be foolh>dy to try to answ] x  
categorically4 ,circum/ances alt] cases 
9 all phases ( life & p>ticul>ly s :5 "o
 is endeavor+ to decide :e!r ! c\ntry   
home is to be a new /ructure1 or an old 
"o remodel$ to make ! be/ use ( its     
desirable features & suit ! requirem5ts 
( its new own]4  ,"o ( our acqua9tances 
0 hung on ! horns ( ?is dilemma = sev]al
 mon?s :ile he & 8 wife sp5t mo/ ( _!   
wak+ h\rs argu+ x pro & con4 ,!y _h     
select$ ! vic9ity 9 :i* !y want$ to     

live1 _h ! requisite ca% 9 ! bank to    
f9ance ei!r und]tak+1 & !re 7 two       
prop]ties t pleas$ !m4 ,! latt]         
con/itut$ ! snag4 ,on ! "o h&1 !re 0 a  
sightly piece ( l& ) "s nice old %ade   
trees b no exi/+ /ructure2 ab\t a mile  
f>!r along ! same road1 lay ano!r hold+ 
( ab\t ! same size ) a h\se 9 fair      
condition4 ,! price = ?is 0 naturally   
high] ?an = ! undevelop$ l&1 on ! !ory t
 x w\ld n co/ half z mu* to remodel !   
h\se z to build4  ,i don't "k :at to d1 
?is p]plex$ man rem>k$4 ,on "o side ,i  
he> & read t new build+ is mu* ! be/    
inve/m5t4 ,t x co/s s mu* less to ma9ta9
 a new h\se & if y want to sell1 y c f9d
 a pur*as] quick] & at a bett] price4 ,b
 no soon] d ,i beg9 to believe t build+ 
is ! only wise c\rse1 ?an ,i run smack  
into an article on remodel+ or meet "s  
"o ,i "k ^: exp]i5ce 9 remodel+ %[s by  
actual figures a big sav+ comp>$ ) a new
 h\se ( ! same k9d & size4 ,9 my own    
case1 ?\gh1 ! m ,i /udy :at e/imates ,i 
c get1 ! m ,i am conv9c$ t 9 ! end ,i'll

 sp5d j ab\t z mu* :e!r ,i build or     
remodel4  ,^! two p f9ally built a new  
h\se4 ,!re 7 good reasons = _! decision4
 ,fir/1 !y c\ld buy ! l& = s mu* money1 
& a g5]al contractor ( excell5t         
reputation 0 ready to build j ! h\se !y 
want$ = s mu* m4 ,! two figures1 plus ! 
ar*itect's fee1 add$ up to a def9ite    
am\nt4 ,hav+ an acc\nt+ m9d1 ! k t !re  
w\ld be no un=ese5 cont+5cies & t1 ready
 = occupancy1 ! co/ ( ! h\se w\ld be s  
mu*1 0 ! decid+ factor4 ,9 addition1 he 
& 8 wife bo? incl9$ t[>ds some?+ new4 ,a
 h\se t _h n be5 liv$ 9 by o!r p1 _h no 
sc>s & m>ks ( age & use1 t embodi$ all !
 newe/ mat]ials & con/ruction me?ods1 0 
really :at !y want$4 ,_h remodel+ (f]$  
!m an assur$ sav+ ( sev]al ?\s& doll>s1 
?is c\ple w\ld probably h suppress$ _!  
subconsci\s lean+s to be build]s1       
proce$$ to remodel1 & be5 only mod]ately
 pleas$ ) ! result4  ,! answ] to !      
age-old "q ( :e!r to build or to remodel
 is f\nd 9 ! pref]5ce ( ! individual4   
,"s p are temp]am5tally build]s4 ,!y are

 happie/ liv+ 9 a home t 0 con/ruct$ =  
!m4 ,9 _! eyes x possesses f> great] *>m
 ?an any?+ t has be5 mell[$ by ye>s (   
use4 ,!re are o!rs to :om no?+ is m     
satisfy+ ?an to take an exi/+ /ructure &
 alt] x to _! lik+ & ne$s4 ,an eld]ly   
acqua9tance1 n[ a wid[ & liv+ 9 a sleepy
 ,new ,engl& village1 is tak+ ke5       
pleasure 9 an old h\se ( almo/ doll-l   
proportions4 ,all my life1 %e said1     
,i've want$ to live 9 a really old h\se 
b until n[ x has always be5 "o new h\se 
or city ap>tm5t aft] ano!r & ,i nev] got
 my roots d[n4  ,grant$ t build+ or     
remodel+1 l *eese1 is a matt] ( p]sonal 
pref]5ce1 x is n improp] at ?is po9t to 
set =? "s ( ! m]its ( bo?4 ,) a f9e old 
build+1 !re is t elusive some?+ call$   
*>m4 ,"t has mell[$ x & ! c\ntless feet 
t h cross$ its ?re%old h worn its       
floors4 ,! black5$ bricks or /ones ( its
 fireplaces bespeak ! g5]ations t bask$ 
9 ! heat ( ! huge logs t once gl[$ !re4 
,all ^! ?+s h giv5 x "*4  ,illu/ration3 
,,once ,,half ,a ,,h\se ,,& ,a ,,h5     

,,roo/  ,photo by ,:itney  ,illu/ration3
 ,,:at ,,c ,,be ,,done ,,) ,a ,,b>n     
,photo by ,samuel ,h4 ,gotts*o4         
,rob]tson ,w>d1 ar*itect  ,don't expect 
a new h\se1 ! day x is turn$ ov] to y by
 ! contractor1 to look z if x _h be5 a  
family home = sev]al g5]ations4 ,x c't4 
,x has j be5 built4 ,ev]y?+ is fre% &   
%9y2 edges are %>p & ev5 ! bricks ( !   
fireplace are unta9t$ by flame & smoke4 
,b if y h be5 ev5 mod]ately articulate1 
! ar*itect has be5 able to int]pret y\r 
wi%es & y h a h\se built z ne> z        
possible to y\r plans4 ,y also h !      
satisfaction ( kn[+ t1 9 ! build+1 !    
workman%ip has be5 hone/ & ?or\gh1 & t 9
 mat]ials us$ e advantage has be5 tak5 (
 ! newe/ developm5ts4  ,= in/ance1 beh9d
 ! pla/] is ! mod]n metal la? s sup]ior 
to ! old wood5 v>iety4 ,! ext]ior walls 
are z ?or\ghly insulat$ aga9/ heat &    
cold z any "o ( sev]al highly effici5t  
mat]ials c make !m2 w9d[s & doors are   
products ( l>ge wood-fabricat+ factories
 not$ = sup]ior "w4 ,all ^! are po9ts ( 

advantage ) tangible m]it1 b "t & y\r   
own ef=ts are ! only means by :i* y\r   
new home c acquire p]sonality & *>m4    
,?is new /ructure is y\rs1 made to y\r  
desires2 & :at y make ( x is y\r own    
problem4  ,! h\se t y buy & remodel />ts
 ) c]ta9 attributes giv5 by age1 z      
already /at$4 ,"h we mu/ (f] "o caution4
 ,x conc]ns h\ses built dur+ ! la/ qu>t]
 ( ! #ai? c5tury4 ,! majority 7 badly   
design$ & ! quality ( workman%ip 0 none 
too good4 ,su* h\ses are apt to be p]*$ 
on high f\ndations1 h ext]ior walls t   
(f] ! m9imum resi/ance to w9t] w9ds1    
:ile ar*itecturally1 l9es & proportions 
reflect an age :5 ta/e 0 ei!r bad or    
lack+4 ,we "k ( sev]al attempts to      
remodel c\ntry homes ( su* v9tage & are 
conv9c$ t bett] results c\ld h be5      
a*iev$ = less money if ! op]ation _h    
/>t$ ) wreck+ ! /ructure & build+ anew4 
,on ! contr>y1 except :]e decay$ beyond 
salvage1 we h yet to see a c\ntry home (
 ! #ah? or fir/ half ( ! #ai? c5tury t  
did n respond admirably to remodel+4 ,b 

x is well to be practical & comp>e its  
co/ ) t ( a new build+4 ,among          
ar*itects1 x is g5]ally recogniz$ t1    
save = a h\se ) unusually exp5sive      
details or add$ equipm5t1 def9ite       
figures p] cubic foot ( size may be     
comput$ t w cov] ! entire co/ (         
con/ruction4 ,to get ! cubical cont5ts (
 a h\se1 ! ar*itect takes ! area 9 squ>e
 feet ( ! gr\nd floor & multiplies x by 
! height f ! cell> floor to ! eaves1    
plus half ! di/ance f t po9t to ! ridge 
( ! ro(4  ,= example1 if ! propos$ h\se 
is ?irty feet wide by tw5ty feet deep1  
its floor plan area is #fjj squ>e feet4 
,!n1 if ! elevation dim5sions are sev5  
feet f cell> floor to liv+ room floor2  
eight feet f liv+ room floor to t ( !   
b$room floor2 & sev5 feet f b$room floor
 to ! level ( ! eaves1 :i* 9 turn       
measure eight feet bel[ ! ridge ( ! ro(2
 ! cubical cont5ts w\ld result f        
multiply+ #fjj squ>e feet by ! sum (    
sev51 eight1 sev51 & f\r1 or #ae1fjj    
cubic feet4 ,) ?is figure e/abli%$1 x is

 simple to approximate co/s z foll[s3   
,wood5 con/ruction                 #j4de
 p] cubic foot     ,brick v5e]          
con/ruction            #j4ee            
,solid brick con/ruction                
#j4fe               ,field /one         
con/ruction             #j4fj           
,cut /one con/ruction      #j4ge to     
#a4ej            ,?is tabulation1 an    
av]age = ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a :ole1 is z 
accurate z any g5]alization c be & a    
safe "o = =m+ a prelim9>y e/imate1 b    
local conditions may increase or        
decrease co/s4 ,! ar*itect c readily    
det]m9e :i*4 ,?is table1 ( c\rse1 does n
 include co/ ( l&1 con/ruction (        
driveway1 l&scap+1 or exp5ses incid5t to
 br++ electric s]vice or telephone wires
 to ! h\se4  ,f ^! calculations1 x is an
 easy matt] to take ! outside dim5sions 
( a h\se y are consid]+ remodel+ &      
compute its cubical cont5t4 ,!n y c ask 
y\r ar*itect :e!r x c be remodel$ z y   
wi% = a price competitive ) build+ a new
 h\se ( l design & equal size4 ,9 ord] =

 ?is to mean any?+1 y %\ld det]m9e :at  
proportion ( ! price paid = ! prop]ty   
repres5ts l& value & :at reflects !     
exi/5ce ( ! /ructure itself4 ,z a simple
 example1 we w conc$e t l& 9 !          
neighborhood is held at #ejj an acre & y
 c buy a five-acre tract ) a h\se on x =
 #c1gej4 ,"h #b1ejj repres5ts l& value1 
& #a1bej h\se value4 ,! "q resolves     
itself into comp>+ remodel+ co/s plus   
h\se value ) ^? = a new h\se ( l size & 
k9d4  ,if s mu* mu/ be replac$ or       
re>rang$ t ! figures = h\se & remodel+  
are 9 excess ( ^? = a new /ructure1 !   
wise c\rse w\ld be to ab&on ! idea &    
build in/ead4 ,b ! old h\se may h c]ta9 
details t make y will+ to be> ! add$    
exp5se4 ,if s1 y at lea/ "k ! comp>ative
 co/s & h def9ite /&>ds by :i* to %ape  
y\r c\rse4  ,f p]sonal obs]vation1 we   
believe t !re are _m in/ances :]e !     
total co/ ( h\se & rejuv5ation is       
consid]ably bel[ t ( a new /ructure4    
,s9ce confession /ories are j z fasc9at+
 9 home build+ z 9 ! lurid fiction ( !  

woodpulp magaz9es1 we cite ! exp]i5ce ( 
a family t b\ght a home ne>ly two ye>s  
ago )9 ! ,new ,york commut+ zone4 ,!y 7 
a l>g] family ?an ! av]age & ! h\se1 (  
desir$ size1 _h once be5 a /agecoa*     
halfway tav]n4 ,x conta9$ tw5ty-two     
rooms & 0 9 bett] ?an av]age condition4 
,! ext]ior _h be5 giv5 two coats ( :ite 
pa9t less ?an six mon?s be=e4  ,! price 
= ?is old place1 includ+ tw5ty-two acres
 ( l& & a b>n usable = g>age & *ick5    
h\se1 0 #h1bjj4 ,accord+ to actual      
record1 only #b1gih 0 sp5t on remodel+4 
,!re 7 almo/ no /ructural *anges        
requir$4 ,two m9or p>titions 7 remov$ & 
five new w9d[s cut4 ,o!rwise1 ?is       
exp5diture 0 l>gely devot$ to !         
introduction ( plumb+1 heat+1 & light+4 
,by type ( "w1 ! co/s = ?is remodel+ 7 z
 foll[s3      ,two ba?rooms1 ea*        
complete ) %[]2     a kit*5 s9k &       
laundry tub                             
#eij4jj      ,heat+ sy/em1 includ+ /eam 
boil]1 pip+     & #be radiators1 total+ 
#fcj feet ( radiation       #hhi4jj     

,wat] sy/em1 clean+ well1 in/all+ pump  
& #ejj gallon /orage tank               
#bah4jj      ,electric wir+ entirely (  
armor$ cable &     light+ fixtures      
#cjf4jj      ,sewage sy/em complete )   
septic tank &     disposal fields       
#bcj4jj      ,all c>p5try1 includ+      
necess>y "w =     plumb]1 electrician1  
etc4                             #afj4jj
      ,masonry1 includ+ repairs to      
fireplaces &     *imneys                
#aje4jj      ,decorations1 pa9t1 & pap] 
= twelve rooms         #aej4jj          
,ar*itectural sup]vision1 plans :]e ne$$
     & prelim9>y inspection ( sev]al    
h\ses           #aej4jj      ,total     
#b1gih4jj  ,^! are ! actual figures = a 
livable & attractive c\ntry home4 ,!re  
are1 ( c\rse1 "s ?+s t await a future "t
 = _! accompli%m5t1 b :at place w\ld be 
really enjoyable if !re 7 n c]ta9       
corrections & additions ov] :i* ! own]s 
c\ld daydream & plan4 ,we admit !       
figures j quot$ are s l[ z to seem h>dly
 cr$ible1 b !y demon/rate :at c\ld be   

accompli%$ )9 fifty miles ( ,new ,york  
dur+ ! summ] ( #aice4 ,! contribut+     
causes = ?is happy result 7 t ^! p knew 
:at !y want$1 hunt$ 9 a section t _h n  
be5 too ?or\ghly comb$ by o!rs l        
!mselves &1 la/ly1 happ5$ to be ready to
 buy at j ! "r mom5t :5 ! man :o own$ ! 
prop]ty 0 anxi\s to sell4  ,b old c\ntry
 resid5ces1 includ+ /ructures built z   
tav]ns1 private s*ools & ! l1 are n !   
only type ( build+s t may be remodel$   
into acceptable homes4 ,we h se5 old    
b>ns or /ables1 disus$ sawmills1 g5]al  
/ores1 old /one build+s t once h\s$     
small indu/rial ent]prises1 & ev5 a *ur*
 ( ! ,neo-,classic p]iod remodel$ )     
di/9ct success4  ,aga91 9 ,massa*usetts 
!re is a =m] textile hamlet4 ,! mill    
itself is n[ a community club & !       
workm5's cottages1 built ab\t #ahae-bj1 
are homes = a doz5 or m families :]e1   
daily1 ! head ( ! h\se motors to 8 (fice
 9 an indu/rial city ab\t a half-h\r    
away4 ,^! /ory-&-a-half cottages1       
execut$ along simple ,f$]al l9es1 are   

own$ by ! families :o occupy !m4 ,!y    
look out on a /reet l9$ ) f9e old elms &
 at ! end is ! /one mill ) its belfry   
:]e /ill hangs ! bell t once rul$ !     
lives ( sp9n]s & weav]s ) its clank+    
iron tongue1 morn+1 noon & night4  ,=   
picturesqu5ess1 if ! unconv5tional has a
 great] appeal ?an ! m /&>diz$ type (   
home1 remodel+ an old b>n into a c\ntry 
home has its advantages4 ,?is is        
p>ticul>ly s if "o c f9d ei!r a capaci\s
 "o ( r\ghly laid l$ge /one1 once popul>
 9 p>ts ( ,new ,j]sey & ,p5nsylvania & m
 r>ely built 9 o!r sections1 or a l>ge  
hay b>n ) h&-hewn framework & side walls
 ( wea!r$ bo>d+4 ,x takes only a little 
imag9ation to visualize su* a build+    
remodel$ into a c\ntry home ) a g5]\s   
/one *imney & fireplace occupy+ "o ( !  
end walls ( a =m] haym[4 ,inv>iably su* 
remodel+ includes con/ruction ( "o or m 
w+s to h\se d9+ room1 kit*51 & s]vants' 
qu>t]s z well z additional b$rooms &    
ba?s4 ,! actual b>n /ructure seldom l5ds
 itself to m ?an a liv+ room & possibly 

two b$rooms4  ,9 summ] ?is type ( c\ntry
 home has mu* to (f]4 ,x is light1 airy1
 & spaci\s2 b :5 fall beg9s to indicate 
its arrival1 unless ! /ructure has be5  
made ne>] wea!r tight ?an is ! nature ( 
b>ns1 life 9 ! haym[ is *ill & s\r4 ,=  
use ! ye> ar\nd1 ! old b>n mu/ be       
completely rebuilt ) a cell> b5ea? = a  
heat+ plant & side walls & und]sides (  
ro( well cov]$ ) insulat+ mat]ial to    
prev5t cold f ent]+ or heat escap+4 ,"o 
( ! mo/ successful me?ods ( treat+ !    
front1 :]e once ! old b>n doors swung   
wide to admit a fully load$ haywagon1 is
 to sub/itute a _m-pan$ w9d[ ( almo/    
ca!dral proportions4 ,?is lets 9        
adequate light = :at might o!rwise be a 
d>k int]ior4 ,9 summ] x c be scre5$ to  
keep out flies & mosquitoes4 ,?r\gh x on
 fair w9t] days1 especially if x faces  
s\? or we/1 p\rs t mo/ valuable         
attribute ( c\ntry liv+1 bright         
sunlight4  ,an old wat]-p[] sawmill     
makes an unusually attractive c\ntry    
home4 ,we "k ( at lea/ "o s adapt$4 ,"h 

! space once giv5 ov] to saw+ logs into 
bo>ds has be5 completely enclos$ & is n[
 ! liv+ room4 ,on "o side is a noble    
fireplace flank$ by l>ge casem5t w9d[s t
 look out on ! old mill pond4 ,b$rooms &
 s]vice qu>t]s are locat$ 9 ! end       
sections :]e lumb] us$ to be season$ &  
o!r special "w done4 ,?is unique bit (  
remodel+1 comb9$ ) ! pond z a ma9       
feature ( l&scape developm5t1 is bo? r>e
 & enviable4 ,yet !re are a surpris+    
numb] ( old comm]cial /ructures t l5d   
!mselves to remodel+ into pres5t day    
homes & by _! v unconv5tionality take on
 add$ *>m4  ,9 ,new ,engl& !re is a     
sub/antial /one build+ ( no ar*itectural
 pret5sions except t wid?1 dep?1 &      
height are di/9ctly relat$ to ea* o!r4  
,x is n[ a c\ntry home b x began z a    
small textile mill 9 ! e>ly days ( !    
#ai? c5tury :5 ! indu/rial revolution 0 
j gett+ "u way4 ,lat]1 :5 ! factory era 
became ?or\ghly e/abli%$1 ?is lone      
little mill 0 left high & dry by ! tide 
t swept t[>d ! l>g] c5t]s & x /ood      

unt5ant$ = ye>s4 ,f9ally x 0 retriev$ by
 "s "o ) vision en\gh to see t1 ) prop] 
p>titions1 bo? gr\nd & second floors    
c\ld be divid$ into satisfactory rooms4 
,"h ! new own]1 or 8 ar*itect1 _h !     
discretion to pres]ve z mu* z possible (
 ! pa/4 ,! old mill own]'s c\nt+ room1  
on ! l[] floor1 is n[ ! libr>y &1 9     
almo/ unt\*$ condition1 is complete ev5 
to ! ca/-iron /ove t once w>m$ x4       
,conv]t+ build+s orig9ally design$ = o!r
 uses may take a /ill diff]5t c\rse4 ,a 
h\se1 too small 9 itself = pres5t day   
use1 c =m ! nucleus ( a c\ntry home4 ,a 
mo/ attractive place 9 ,ma9e 0 s        
assembl$4 ,!re 7 two or ?ree o!r build+s
 on ! prop]ty :i* 7 %ift$ f _! orig9al  
locations by jacks & roll]s & skillfully
 jo9$ to ! little h\se to =m w+s4 ,by   
clev] re>rangem5t ( rooms & %ift+ or    
removal ( p>titions1 ! assembl$ gr\p    
became l>ge en\gh = ! new own]'s uses4  
,ev5 a mod]n /ructure1 design$ orig9ally
 = "s bran* ( agriculture1 c be conv]t$ 
into an excell5t h\se if an ar*itect is 

incl9$ to und]take ! necess>y contriv+ (
 plans & build]s c be f\nd :o w foll[ 8 
directions4 ,sev]al ye>s ago1 a man 0   
bitt5 ) ! urge to raise *ick5s accord+  
to ! late/ sci5tific me?ods ( artificial
 light+ & =c$ fe$+4 ,= ?is he built a   
sub/antial /ructure ) /eam heat1        
electric lights1 & o!r elaborate        
provisions4 ,be+ nurse maid to ?\s&s (  
*icks rang+ f a week old to ! prop] size
 = broil+ 0 a /r5u\s job4 ,fur!r1 !     
creatures develop$ all sorts ( maladies 
n provid$ = 9 ! book & ! mortality 0 s  
high t ! project 0 f9ally ab&on$4  ,!   
build+ /ood vacant = "s mon?s until x   
came to ! notice ( a res\rceful "y      
ar*itect4 ,he measur$1 sket*$1 & drew   
plans4 ,n[1 :at 0 once a factory = ! raw
 mat]ial ( broil$ *ick5 is an attractive
 & compact ,cape ,cod cottage4 ,because 
( site & accessibility1 ! orig9al build+
 _h to be dismemb]$ & mov$ ab\t two     
hundr$ feet4 ,:5 re-erect$ accord+ to ! 
plans provid$1 ! result bore little     
resemblance to ! orig9al box-l /ructure 

except t ! floor space 0 ! same4  ,"s   
c\ntry homes beg9 z week-end retreats4  
,!n ! habit ( be+ 9 ! c\ntry two or ?ree
 days gr[s on ! family until !y see no  
reason = liv+ 9 ! city except = an      
occasional ov]night ordeal ) a /uffy    
hotel room4 ,to make ! av]age week-end  
%ack a p]man5t home calls = mat]ial     
expansion4 ,d\ble-deck bunks h be5      
in/all$ to provide adequate sleep+      
qu>t]s2 & = a limit$ "t !y f9d x fun to 
cook1 eat1 & live 9 "o l>ge room4 ,b1 :5
 ! h\se is us$ sev5 days a week1 su*    
cond5sation is any?+ b practical4 ,s !  
e/abli%m5t mu/ be enl>g$4 ,?is c be done
 ) ease1 especially if ! orig9al plans 7
 drawn ) su* a *ange 9 m9d4 ,t is1 !    
orig9al /ructure n[ becomes ! liv+ room1
 :ile new w+s & additions provide ! mu* 
ne$$ space = s]vice qu>t]s & conv5tional
 b$rooms & ba?s4  ,b ! week-end place is
 n always built p>ticul>ly = ! purpose4 
,_m times x is a v small f>mh\se acquir$
 *eaply & made usable at a m9imum ( "t &
 money4 ,:5 ! decision is rea*$ to      

conv]t x into a home ( l>g] proportions1
 :e!r "o realizes x or n1 ! plan (      
campaign foll[s ! plan ( no less a p]son
 ?an ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,m\nt ,v]non 0 n 
always a mansion b 0 ! result ( consi/5t
 enl>gem5t4 ,:5 ,wa%+ton inh]it$ x f 8  
half-bro!r1 ,lawr5ce1 x 0 a             
/ory-&-a-half hunt+ lodge ( eight rooms4
 ,!n he m>ri$ ,m>?a ,cu/is1 ri*e/ wid[ 9
 ! ,virg9ia colony2 &1 to h a home      
suitable = h]1 he _h ! ro( rais$ & !    
h\se made full two /ories4  ,%ortly be=e
 ! outbreak ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 he
 plann$ two w+s4 ,! fir/ 0 t at ! s\?   
end ) libr>y on ! gr\nd floor & ma/]    
b$room = ,colonel & ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton on ! 
second4 ,z ! revolt aga9/ ! ,briti% cr[n
 progress$1 ! con/ruction ( ! nor? w+   
lagg$ some:at b 0 work$ on int]mitt5tly4
 ,?is1 ! banquet hall1 :5 f9i%$ became  
"o ( ! noble/ private resid5ce rooms 9  
,am]ica4  ,wa%+ton1 h[ev]1 did n leave  
^! /eps 9 ! enl>gem5t & r5ovation ( 8   
er/:ile hunt+ lodge entirely to         
pr(essionals4 ,:e!r away fight+ 9 !     

,fr5* & ,indian ,w>s or direct+ ! c\rse 
( action ( ! ,cont95tal ,army1 he nev]  
=got :at 0 happ5+ at 8 c\ntry seat4 ,8  
correspond5ce is full ( m9ute directions
 reg>d+ ! f9i%+ ( c]ta9 rooms or ( su*  
injunctions z1 ,i beg ( y to ha/5       
,lamphire ab\t ! addition to ! nor? end 
( ! h\se2 o!rwise y w h x op51 ,i fe>1 9
 ! cold & wet wea!r4 ,:5 ! ,revolution 0
 f\ght & won1 ! ,wa%+tons return$1 n to 
a ,m\nt ,v]non t 0 a /rang] to !m1 b to 
! c\ntry home !y _h s c>efully plann$4  
,?is specific plann+ by ! own]1 n[ z !n1
 has def9ite be>+ on :e!r ! h\se w be   
y\rs or j a beautiful /ructure1 p]fect 9
 all its appo9tm5ts b totally lack+ !   
impress ( ! own] or 8 family4  ,sev]al  
ye>s ago1 a man & 8 wife acquir$ "o ( ! 
e>ly ,dut* f>mh\ses ( ! ,new ,j]sey back
 c\ntry4 ,!y _h long want$ j su* a place
 & hav+ tak5 possession1 !y summon$ an  
ar*itect1 an int]ior decorator1 & a     
l&scape ar*itect4 ,a few days 7 sp5t )  
!m inspect+ h\se & gr\nds4 ,!n ! new    
own]s left on a w9t] cruise ar\nd ! _w4 

,_! f9al injunctions 7 to ! effect t    
next ,may !y w\ld return & w\ld expect  
ev]y?+ done4 ,!y did & ev]y?+ 0         
complete4 ,! old h\se 0 p]fect4 ,its    
furni%+s 7 all g5u9e antiques ( ! p]iod4
 ,! gr\nds _h be5 grad$1 trimm$1 &      
poli%$4 ,g>d5s1 %rubb]y1 & h$ges 7 j "r1
 b ! f9al effect 0 z imp]sonal z a      
demon/ration model4  ,9 a ye> or two1   
?is prop]ty 0 sold to a golf club & its 
=m] own] b\ght ano!r place & mov$ "r 94 
,ne>ly two ye>s 7 sp5t consult+ & work+ 
) an ar*itect & workm51 sup]vis+ a g>d5 
or two1 & 9 buy+ antiques1 a piece at a 
"t4 ,8 second attempt at c\ntry liv+ 0 n
 z sophi/icat$ nor did x approa* !      
museum /&>ds ( ! =m]2 b1 :5 complet$1 x 
_h t prime ess5tial ( any home1 x       
reflect$ ! "* & p]sonality ( its own]s4 
,,look+ ,,an ,,old ,,h\se ,,9 ,,! ,,m\? 
,illu/ration     ,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,look+  
,,an ,,old ,,h\se ,,9 ,,! ,,m\?   ,buy+ 
an old h\se is a good deal l select+ a  
horse4 ,hav+ f\nd an animal ( ! desir$  
type & bre$1 ! "q arises1 ,is x s\nd (  

w9d & limb8 ,h\ses ne>+ or pa/ ! c5tury 
m>k also h _! spav9s & ^! %\ld be       
recogniz$ by ! prospective buy]4 ,he c  
?us =m "s e/imate ( h[ ext5sive         
replacem5ts are ne$$1 ev5 on fir/       
inspection4 ,?is is ( prime importance  
s9ce x has direct be>+ on ! wor? ( !    
h\se4  ,:e!r built ( /one1 brick1 or    
wood1 su* /ructures may h raft]s1 sills1
 & ma9 beams s decay$ t new ones mu/ be 
add$4 ,! f\ndation may ne$ rebuild+ &   
door & w9d[ frames may be s wea!r$ t !y 
also mu/ be replac$4 ,bew>e ( a h\se :]e
 floors slope & side walls are out (    
plumb4 ,?is means ext5sive %or+ :i* is  
sl[ & exp5sive4  ,= a truly pessimi/ic  
report on ! heal? ( an old place turn to
 a tru/$ c>p5t] or contractor4 ,he      
cong5itally dislikes old build+s & w    
po9t out all defects ) om9\s head %ak+s 
& subtle sugge/ions = new build+4 ,9 ?is
 way ! prospective buy] w "k ! wor/1    
pa9t$ at its blacke/4 ,some:]e betwe5 x 
& ! rosy view ( ! real e/ate ag5t w lie 
! tru?4 ,!re=e1 x is well to d "s       

inspect+ indep5d5tly4 ,k ( :at are !    
weak spots 9 old h\ses & :]e to look =  
!m w save mu* "t & ef=t 9 ! initial     
/ages ( h\se hunt+4  ,! skeleton ( an   
old h\se is ak9 to t ( a mod]n /eel     
/ructure4 ,h&-hewn timb]s1 mortic$ &    
p9n$ toge!r1 take ! place ( rivet$ /eel 
beams4 ,s9ce a timb] frame is subject to
 rot1 ei!r dry or damp1 "o ( ! fir/     
places to look = uns\ndness is ! sills  
7! beams :i* re/ on ! f\ndation & into  
:i* are set floor joi/s1 corn] po/s1 &  
o!r ma9 uprights74 ,x is a simple matt] 
to give !m ! jack-knife te/ at int]vals 
( two or ?ree feet4 ,/ick ! blade 9 z f>
 z possible4 ,!n try to turn x ar\nd4 ,)
 a s\nd beam ?is _c be done4 ,if !re is 
dry rot1 ! beam w (t5 crumble "u a      
slight pressure ( ! f+]s4  ,g ov] !     
sills on ! nor? side ( ! build+ fir/4   
,"h !re is less sunlight & sn[ rema9s   
long]4 ,consequ5tly decay f excessive   
moi/ure is n unusual4 ,ro( raft]s &     
plate beams 7! long timb]s on :i* ! l[] 
ends ( ! raft]s re/7 %\ld also be       

knife-te/$ s9ce long neglect$ leak+ ro(s
 ev5tually result 9 _! decay4 ,uns\nd   
corn] po/s & o!r uprights connect+ sills
 & plate beams are h>d] to detect s9ce  
!y are conceal$ betwe5 ! outside bo>d+ &
 int]ior pla/]4 ,note ! walls !mselves &
 ! corn] bo>ds ext5d+ v]tically f       
f\ndation to eaves4 ,if a corn] ( ! h\se
 is en\gh out ( plumb to be visible to !
 eye1 or if ! corn] bo>ds are loose1    
exam9e fur!r z x may indicate decay     
b5ea?4  ,) brick or /one h\ses1 ! walls 
!mselves c>ry ! weight ( ! ro( & s h no 
v]tical timb]s4 ,if ! walls are out (   
plumb x means t ! f\ndations are ei!r   
gone or are 9 ne$ ( major repair4 ,:e!r 
a h\se is ( brick1 /one or wood1 !re is 
"o fur!r place = knife te/+--! gr\nd    
floor joi/s4 ,cell> dampness may h tak5 
its toll4  ,! fact t a sill1 joi/ or o!r
 timb] is uns\nd does n mean t ! h\se is
 beyond repair4 ,_m old h\ses ) all _!  
sills gone & "s o!r pr9cipal beams no   
long] s]viceable h be5 re/or$1 b !      
necessity ( su* /eps ought to be realiz$

 9 advance & ! co/ tak5 into            
consid]ation4 ,x is f> f pleasant to    
discov] t "o has unwitt+ly b\ght ! bill 
( exp5se ?is type ( replacem5t means4   
,let ! buy] bew>e g5]ally rules 9 !     
sell+ ( old places1 & ! pur*ase ( a     
knife & an h\r or two ( pok+ its po9t   
into ! pr9cipal timb]s may save "t &    
money lat]4  ,! next "t ,i buy an old   
h\se to put a new frame into1 y'll "k x1
 0 ! he>tfelt decl>ation ( a man :o left
 8 knife at home :5 he w5t h\se hunt+4  
,! own] & ! ag5t knew ! sills & beams 7 
rott5 b didn't ?9k x necess>y to m5tion 
! fact4 ,:at ,i didn't see w\ldn't hurt 
me until aft] ,i _h b\ght ! place &     
begun repairs4 ,!n ,i le>n$ pl5ty ab\t  
decay$ timb]s & ! co/ ( replac+ !m4     
,aft] ! timb] frame1 consid] ! ext]ior4 
,! f\ndation w probably ne$ "s po9t+-up1
 t is1 replacem5t ( mort> 9 ! jo9ts or  
cracks4 ,! "q is1 h[ mu*8 ,w x h to be a
 complete job8 ,has fro/ work$ su* havoc
 t "s sections mu/ be re-laid8  ,if !   
cell> indicates /&+ wat] dur+ heavy     

ra9s1 dra9age mu/ be provid$4 ,notice   
:e!r any cell> w9d[s h be5 clos$4       
,c\ntrym5 are prone to d ?is z a *eap & 
easy me?od :5 ! framework gets beyond   
repair4 ,replac+ /on$-up w9d[s is n     
exp5sive or difficult b j "o m ?+ :i*   
mu/ be done4 ,notice ! ext5t ( ! cell>4 
,old build]s sometimes did only a p>tial
 job ( excavation because ( economy4    
,su* a cell> 0 ample = /or+ root crops1 
pres]ves1 & h>d cid] 9 ! days be=e      
furnaces4 ,x may be wise to complete !  
"w ( excavat+4 ,d n expect to f9d cell>s
 "u w+s & %$s4 ,x 0 nev] ! practice4 ,if
 !y are to be conv]t$ to uses = :i*     
excavation is desirable1 ?is is ano!r   
item = ! add+ ma*9e4  ,) ! f\ndation &  
its ne$$ repairs not$1 beg9 apprais+ !  
condition ( ! walls & ro(4 ,sometimes a 
%+le ro( w be f\nd 9 good ord] or at mo/
 h "o or two m9or leaks :i* c be        
repair$4 ,m (t5 an entire new ro( is    
ne$$ &1 9 extreme cases1 new bo>d+      
b5ea?4 ,z ) sills1 ro(s slop+ to ! nor? 
& ea/ are m apt to be out ( repair & = !

 same reasons4  ,if door & w9d[ frames  
are s loose t !y c be lift$ out ( ! side
 walls1 ! situation is s]i\s4 ,putty &  
pa9t are ( no avail4 ,rebuild+ !m is    
ess5tial4 ,x is extravagant bus9ess try+
 to heat a h\se ) w9d :i/l+ 9 ar\nd     
doors & w9d[s4  ,if ! fabric ( ! side   
walls is ( %+le1 clapbo>d1 or o!r types 
( wood1 is ! mat]ial s\nd en\gh to      
w>rant repa9t+ or mu/ x be r5ew$8 ,!    
object ( pa9t is to close ! small cracks
 & pres]ve ! wood4 ,an old h\se t has   
gone _m ye>s )\t pa9t+ w absorb mu* m   
?an a new "o1 b x is surpris+ :at c be  
accompli%$ ) two or ?ree coats ( pa9t on
 sid+ s wea!r$ z to seem wor?less4      
,besides1 a new ext]ior robs an old h\se
 ( "s ( its *>m1 s pres]ve ! old if     
possible1 ar*itects1 c>p5t]s1 &         
contractors to ! contr>y4  ,:]e walls   
are ( /one or brick1 ! mort> ( ! jo9ts  
has probably s dis9tegrat$ "u w9d & ra9 
t repo9t+ is indicat$4 ,also1 fro/s may 
h heav$ individual /ones or dis9tegrat$ 
bricks s !y mu/ be reset4 ,expect ?is 9 

places :]e d[n-sp\ts h leak$ = ye>s4 ,if
 ! walls h settl$ badly1 l9tels or sills
 ( doors & w9d[ op5+s may be crack$ &   
ne$ r5ew+4 ,sometimes an old h\se has   
ext]ior walls ( pla/]4 ,^! are bo?      
picturesque & r>e4 ,pat* cracks & spots 
:]e x has come loose f ! la?4 ,old pla/]
 has a texture & pat9a t mod]n /ucco _c 
simulate1 s pres]ve x if possible4      
,indoors1 !re are _m ?+s to be obs]v$ & 
apprais$ b fireplaces come fir/4 ,a     
c\ntry home )\t facilities = op5 fires  
is z un9vit+ z "o )\t trees & fl[]s4    
,expect to f9d ! fireplaces disus$ &    
clos$ ) firebo>ds or bricks4 ,sometimes 
! mantels h be5 remov$ & new floor+ laid
 ov] ! he>?/ones4 ,"s detective "w ar\nd
 ! logical locations w tell :e!r        
fireplaces h be5 torn out or j conceal$4
 ,if mantels are miss+1 look = !m 9 !   
attic or on ! raft]s ( a %$4 ,m ?an "o  
f9e old mantel has be5 rescu$ f su* a   
hid+ place4 ,we "k ( "o fireplace       
complete ) crane & iron cook+ ut5sils t 
repos$ = fifty ye>s or m beh9d an       

unsuspect$ op5+ cov]$ ) la? & pla/]4    
,:]e orig9al fireplaces h be5 torn out &
 *imneys int5d$ only to s]ve /oves put 9
 place1 two c\rses are op54 ,! m co/ly  
is rebuild+ *imney & fireplaces accord+ 
to indications ( orig9al dim5sions4 ,!  
alt]native is a ,frankl9 /ove1 a        
comb9ation ( /ove & fireplace1 :i* c be 
in/all$ & connect$ to ! exi/+ *imney at 
a v mod]ate exp5se4  ,incid5tally1 !    
*imneys ( an old h\se %\ld be exam9$    
c>efully4 ,built 9 ! days be=e sep>ate  
flues & flue tiles1 _! mort> may h lo/  
its b9d+ /r5g? & s a smoke te/ is       
advisable4 ,close all fireplaces except 
"o & />t a lively fire 9 x4 ,:5 x is    
well "u way1 toss on "s scraps ( ro(+   
pap]4 ,!n cov] ! top ( ! *imney4 ,if !re
 are any fissures 9 ! *imney1 y\r eyes &
 nose w leave y 9 no d\bt4 ,y _c mi/ake 
! pung5t odor ( burn+ t> & its blui%    
smoke is easy to see4 ,trace ^! to !    
po9ts :]e !y leak f ! *imney & m>k !    
spots4 ,complete exam9ation w tell :e!r 
repo9t+ w suffice or :e!r rebuild+ is   

necess>y4  ,! condition ( ! pla/] on    
walls & ceil+s ( rooms c be easily      
apprais$4 ,x is reasonable to expect    
cracks & t "s ( x w be s loose z to ne$ 
replac+4 ,remov+ x all & />t+ afre%1    
h[ev]1 is only advisable :]e a h\se has 
rea*$ ab\t ! la/ /ages ( disrepair4     
,p>titions ( ev5 ! simple/ fea!r-bo>d   
panel+ %\ld be pres]v$ z well z int]ior 
trim1 doors1 & floor+4 ,! same applies  
to old h>dw>e1 z a h\se ) all orig9al   
wr\ght-iron h+es1 lat*es1 & locks is bo?
 r>e & valuable4 ,notice :e!r ! floors  
are ( old wide bo>ds laid r&om wid? &   
held 9 place by wr\ght-iron nails4 ,9   
h\ses ant$at+ #ahjj1 ! floors 9 c]ta9   
localities 7 ( h>dwood4 ,sometimes      
sev]al v>ieties 7 us$ indiscrim9ately4  
,) all _! irregul>ities1 !y become a v  
pleas+ feature :5 well scrubb$ & oil$ or
 wax$4 ,l fireplaces1 !y are sometimes  
conceal$ b x is an easy matt] to remove 
! new floor+4  ,! s\ndness & safety (   
/airways c only be det]m9$ by direct    
inspection4 ,if treads move b5ea? !     

feet1 additional nail+ is ne$$ &        
possibly new supports4 ,/ep easily on ^?
 lead+ to ! cell>4 ,!y are (t5 some:at  
rott5 & may collapse4  ,if w9d[ glass is
 ( ! old1 wavy1 (f-color sort1 full ( ! 
bubbles1 s& pits1 & creases t *>act]iz$ 
its production 9 e>ly days1 make sure t 
su* panes are n disc>d$4 ,workm5 view !m
 ) complete scorn & w ca/ !m aside if n 
put "u /]n injunctions4 ,i nev] f\nd t x
 kept out ! cold any bett] ?an a good   
new piece1 snort$ "o disgu/$ly :5 we    
sugge/$ t he putty a f9e bull's eye pane
 ) a slight crack4  ,sometimes "p ( !   
int]ior trim w h be5 replac$ by mod]n   
sub/itutes1 b a good c>p5t] work+ "u an 
ar*itect c mat* t /ill rema9+4          
,likewise1 lat] additions n 9 keep+ ) ! 
orig9al1 su* z por*es1 %$s1 w+s1 &      
illogical p>titions1 c be readily remov$
 ) little damage to ! h\se itself4  ,z  
"o goes ab\t an old h\se x is well to be
 on ! look out = signs ( v]m91 bo?      
animal & insect4 ,) ! =m]1 traps &      
prep>$ bait w suffice4 ,! latt] require 

! s]vices ( an ext]m9ator or "s "o      
skill$ 9 ! use ( hydrocyanic acid gas4  
,su* insects g deep into ! cracks (     
woodwork & beams4 ,ord9>y fumigat+ w n  
eradicate !m4 ,a s+le session ) ?is     
deadly gas1 h[ev]1 w rid ! h\se bo? ( ^!
 pe/s & _! eggs4  ,! ?+s t may be !     
matt] ) an old h\se1 z enum]at$ "h1 may 
s\nd v =bidd+ b circum/ances alt] cases4
 ,x is d\btful if any "o /ructure w be  
afflict$ ) all ^! ills ( decay &        
neglect4 ,9 our own h\se hunt+ we saw _m
 t 7 s\nd en\gh s t1 ) ! addition (     
mod]n conv5i5ces & a good clean+1 !y 7  
livable4 ,9 fact1 !re is no?+ equal to  
gett+ ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) a h\se be=e   
radical *anges are made4 ,live 9 ! place
 six mon?s or a ye> & !n y w "k bett] j 
:at alt]ations or additions are wise4   
,9 nor!rn ,new ,engl& !re is a          
delightful c\ntry home t has be5 r5ovat$
 ) great skill & *>m4 ,! reason beh9d x 
is t ! own]s w5t = _m ye>s ) z few      
repairs z possible4 ,!n came a l>ge &   
unexpect$ inh]itance4 ,!re 0 money en\gh

 to rebuild completely b relatively few 
major *anges 7 made4  ,mo/ ( !          
exp5diture 0 = re/orations1 ! own] /at$4
 ,once we day-dream$ ( all k9ds ( *anges
 b :5 ! "t came we knew mo/ ( !m 7      
impractical & w\ld add nei!r to our     
com=t nor our conv5i5ce4  ,! mo/        
important ?+ ab\t any h\se is1 does x   
please y ar*itecturally & is its g5]al  
plan suit$ to y\r ne$s8 ,if x seems to  
be well en\gh pres]v$ s t r5ovation     
appe>s to be practical1 turn to an      
ar*itect ) ! und]/&+ t1 if y buy1 he w  
be reta9$4 ,he w !n be will+ to give !  
h\se an exp]t inspection & ev5 submit   
t5tative sket*es ( advantage\s *anges4  
,8 report1 if ! v5ture is to be         
f9ancially good1 %\ld indicate t        
/ructurally ! h\se is ab\t "o-half s\nd 
& usable4  ,( c\rse if y h f\nd a h\se  
dat+ f ! #ag? or #ah? c5tury1 y h some?+
 fairly r>e & x is wor? reclaim+ ev5    
?\gh v ext5sive replacem5ts are ne$$4 ,9
 ,fairfield1 ,connecticut1 = example1   
!re is ! ,ogd5 ,h\se1 built be=e #agaj4 

,its pres5t own] paid #d1jjj = x 9 :at  
seem$ to be ru9\s condition4 ,its       
r5ovation co/ fully #ab1jjj2 b f9i%$1   
?is old salt box h\se is s unusual t m  
?an "o buy] is ready & wait+ to pay     
d\ble ! am\nt sp5t4  ,arrangem5t ( !    
rooms ( an old h\se1 & h[ !y w fit !    
requirem5ts ( ! prospective pur*as]1    
%\ld be giv5 m ?an pass+ ?\ght4 ,mo/ p  
:5 !y beg9 look+ at places h l>ge ideas 
ab\t mov+ p>titions1 cutt+ new w9d[s1 & 
*ang+ ! location ( doorways4 ,^! c be   
done b !y are relatively exp5sive & if  
c>ri$ to excess rob ! place ( all "*4   
,ev5 ! simple/ ( old h\ses has def9ite  
balance 9 its design & arrangem5t (     
rooms4 ,s ?9k well be=e te>+ out        
p>titions indiscrim9ately or mov+       
doorways & cutt+ w9d[s4  ,9 fact1 if "s 
old h\se seems to y to call = dra/ic    
recon/ruction1 y w\ld d bett] to let x  
alone & look = "o t m ne>ly fits y\r    
m5tal picture4 ,buy+ a h\se y d n really
 l is z fooli% z m>ry+ ) ! same         
res]vation4 ,"s h>dy p g ?r\gh life s   

mat$ b m get a divorce4 ,s x w be ) !   
h\se4 ,aft] a season ( dislike1 divorce 
by sale w be ! end4 ,if x pleases y f ! 
/>t1 h[ev]1 y & x w develop a mutual    
affection z ! ye>s g by & x w become !  
old home 9 m ways ?an "o4     ,,new     
,,sites ,,= ,,old ,,h\ses  ,illu/ration 
,,*apt] ,,vii  ,,new ,,sites ,,= ,,old  
,,h\ses   ,sub/antial h\ses built by old
 craftsm5 :o knew h[ to a*ieve beauty by
 re/ra9t l9$ ! /raggl+ s+le /reet ( a   
=gott5 f>m+ t[n4 ,despite wea!rbeat5    
clapbo>ds & sagg+ ro(s1 ! f9e ornam5tal 
detail ( doorways & w9d[ frames assur$  
simil> niceties )94  ,:at good are !y1  
snort$ practical gr&fa!r4 ,if !y 7 :]e p
 _h adequate incomes x w\ld be diff]5t4 
,b "h6 ,once ?is 0 a prosp]\s t[n4 ,m5  
made money bre$+ m]9o %eep4 ,n[ ! t[n's 
dead & its h\ses fall+ ap>t4 ,bett] te> 
!m d[n to save taxes4  ,tw5ty-five ye>s 
ago _m sub/antial old h\ses 7 doom$ to  
die ) _! t[ns4 ,today1 p :o want an old 
h\se b _c f9d x :]e !y wi% to live h    
le>n$ t x is practical1 f9ancially &    

o!rwise1 to transplant an old /ructure  
to a new location4 ,once ?is 0 ! sport (
 ecc5tric millionaires or ( amply end[$ 
museums4 ,n[ x is done = p ( av]age     
incomes4 ,! exp5se w ab\t equal t (     
build+ a new h\se ( ! same cubical      
cont5t & ar*itectural detail4 ,sometimes
 x c be accompli%$ at a slight sav+4 ,b 
:e!r ! co/ is equal1 a little high]1 or 
some:at less1 ! great advantages ( a    
transplant$ h\se are a c]ta9 mell[ness (
 age & t *>m ( individuality :i* only   
old /ructures possess4  ,= ^? :o want an
 old h\se on a site ( _! own *oos+1 !re 
are n[ m5 :o deal 9 old build+s ready = 
removal4 ,j z pick]s comb ! back-c\ntry 
= antiques1 a relat$ gr\p se>* =        
unt5ant$ old h\ses4 ,^! m5 are a cross  
betwe5 practical build]s & antique      
deal]s4 ,!y "k ,e>ly ,am]ican dome/ic   
ar*itecture & exp]i5ce has taught !m !  
po9t beyond :i* salvage is impossible4  
,also !y are exp]ts 9 dismemb]+ su*     
h\ses s !y c be re-erect$4  ,te>+ d[n an
 old h\se is easy en\gh1 b to d x s t x 

c be rebuilt is a trade 9 itself4 ,f    
remov+ panel+ & int]ior trim to tak+    
ap>t ! hewn timb] frame requires c>e &  
und]/&+4 ,too mu* brute /r5g? w split   
bo>ds t %\ld be sav$4 ,simil>ly1 x is   
disa/r\s if mortice & t5on jo9ts are    
saw$ ap>t4 ,su* are ! %ort cuts (       
ignorance to be expect$ ( ord9>y c>p5t]s
 & h&y m54 ,& :5 ! old h\se is on !     
gr\nd !y w display exasp]at+ unconc]n   
reg>d+ :at goes :]e & h[ to put !       
/ructure back toge!r4 ,! mo/ complicat$ 
jig-saw puzzle is simplicity itself     
comp>$ ) an ,e>ly ,am]ican h\se tak5    
ap>t )\t pr$et]m9$ m>k+ & numb]+4  ,hav+
 le>n$ ?is by bitt] exp]i5ce1 ^! exp]ts 
h evolv$ m>k+ sy/ems t prev5t confusion 
& foll[ !m rigidly4 ,likewise1 s9ce old 
h\se lumb] :5 tak5 ap>t & /or$ w>ps &   
splits s badly t x c only be us$ aga9 ) 
difficulty1 !y leave _! h\ses /&+ :]ev] 
possible until sold4 ,!y are f> f       
impressive 9 ?is /ate & x takes bo?     
imag9ation & en?usiasm to inspect !     
assortm5t (f]$4 ,usually ! ro( &        

possibly "o or two ( ! sides w be cov]$ 
) prosaic ro(+ pap]4 ,! doors & w9d[s w 
be securely bo>d$ ) co>se lumb]4  ,!    
depr$ations ( nature lov]s :o uproot    
%rubb]y & r5d su* fl[]+ trees z dogwood 
are z no?+ :5 an amateur antiqu>ian f9ds
 an e>ly #ah? c5tury h\se unoccupi$4    
,su* en?usia/s /eal & wreck l ,huns4    
,no?+ is safe f !m4 ,door knock]s1 ,h & 
,l h+es1 fireplace cranes1 wavy old w9d[
 glass1 :ole sections ( panel+ & ev5    
he>?/ones are wr5*$ f place )           
light-he>t$ ab&on4 ,:at !y don't make   
away )1 !y g5]ally ru94 ,"o visit f su* 
a relic hunt] may leave an old h\se a   
%ambles4 ,h[ o!rwise upright p ) a      
modicum ( int]e/ 9 antiques w glory 9   
loot+ old h\ses is truly rem>kable4 ,we 
knew "o ^: pride 0 a collection (       
fireplace cranes s fil*$4  ,kn[+ ?is1 ! 
old h\se deal]1 imm$iately he has b\ght 
a /ructure1 makes x z wea!r-tight &     
m>aud]-pro( z possible4 ,sagg+ floors & 
weak /airways are brac$1 z are          
fireplaces injur$ by dampness & fro/s4  

,panel$ p>titions are /ripp$ ( lay]s (  
disguis+ wall pap]4 ,any ef=ts to       
mod]nize t hide orig9al conditions are  
torn out & ! h\se cle>$ ( ! rubbi% left 
by its la/ t5ant4 ,ev5 !n su* a h\se is 
n ov]ly attractive to p>ticul>          
h\sekeep]s4  ,to (fset ?is1 ! old h\se  
deal] fir/ %[s "o or m albums ( pictures
 ( ! h\ses he has = sale4 ,^! conta9    
complete snap-%ots inside & out1 toge!r 
) plans & dim5sions4 ,if he is wise1 he 
also has simple typ$ /atem5ts1 giv+ all 
! data he has be5 able to ga!r conc]n+  
ea* h\se1 approximately :5 x 0 built1   
its connection ) local hi/orical ev5ts1 
&1 if possible1 ! names ( prom95t       
p]sonages :o dwelt 9 x or 7 gue/s !re4  
,kn[+ t buy]s are mu* impress$ by su*   
facts1 he (t5 makes a c>eful se>* (     
record$ de$s & books ( local hi/ory = ^?
 few int]e/+ facts t he may use         
advantage\sly4 ,= in/ance1 to be able to
 say t ,lafayette1 on 8 ext5sive old-age
 visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 ent]ta9$ 9 
a h\se may be j ! "r romantic t\* t w   

close ! deal4  ,) su* an old h\se1 !    
deal] g5]ally quotes a price = x        
dismemb]$ & ready to be mov$ to its new 
site4 ,s9ce ! co/ ( transportation v>ies
 ) ! di/ance1 ! truck+ *>ge is cu/om>ily
 giv5 z a sep>ate item4 ,9 g5]al1 !     
deal] w und]take deliv]y at a l[] figure
 ?an any "o else4 ,also1 su* a deal] or 
an associat$ contractor w set a sum at  
:i* he w re-erect ! /ructure on ! new   
site4 ,s9ce he is accu/om$ to work+ )   
old mat]ials & kn[s j :at problems he   
faces1 8 price w be l[] ?an ! comb9ation
 ( ! co/ ( ! old h\se & ! price set =   
its rebuild+ by a contractor unfamili> )
 su* "w4 ,! latt]1 to protect himself f 
un=ese5 cont+5cies1 mu/ naturally add a 
proportionately l>ge sum to 8 e/imat$   
co/4  ,! exact co/ ( an old h\se        
re-erect$ on a new site _c be giv5 (fh&4
 ,!re are too _m elem5ts to be consid]$4
 ,h[ ext5sive are ! *anges1 h[ _m ba?s1 
:at type ( heat+ sy/em1 are only a few4 
,all are important factors t mu/ be     
det]m9$ be=e ! f9al figure c be set4 ,s1

 ! prospective buy] mu/ h pati5ce &     
und]/&+4 ,also1 he %\ld h 8 ar*itect    
prep>e plans = ! "w ) j z mu* ?or\ghness
 z if x 7 a new build+4 ,to ! layman x  
may all seem v complicat$ b to an       
ar*itect :o kn[s 8 old h\ses1 x is no m 
difficult ?an new "w4 ,he beg9s by mak+ 
a c>eful set ( measur$ draw+s ( ! old   
h\se z x /&s4 ,he exam9es ! fabric to   
det]m9e :at sills1 beams & o!r p>ts are 
uns\nd & mu/ be replac$4 ,he takes z _m 
photographs ( details ( ! con/ruction1  
bo? inside & out1 z seem exp$i5t &      
labels ! pr9ts explicitly s t !y relate 
directly to 8 plans4 ,lat]1 :5 rebuild+ 
is "u way ^! snap-%ots w refre% 8 memory
 & make x easi] to expla9 "s special    
feature or unique con/ruction to workm5 
:o nev] saw ! h\se be=e4  ,dismemb]+    
h\ses = re-erection is accompli%$ by two
 me?ods4 ,! m common is tak+ !m ap>t    
bo>d by bo>d & timb] by timb]1 m>k+ ea* 
piece by a sy/em ( numb]s & colors s t x
 c be return$ to its prop] place4 ,! o!r
 is call$ flak+4 ,"h ro(1 side walls1 & 

p>titions are cut into l>ge panels &    
numb]$ & m>k$ 9 colors4 ,at ! new site  
!y are put 9 place mu* z a portable     
bungal[ is assembl$4  ,) ei!r me?od1    
plans prep>$ by ! ar*itect are ( prime  
importance4 ,"o set ( 8 blue pr9ts is   
?or\ghly annotat$ ) numb]s & color$     
m>ks4 ,?is becomes ! work+ key1 !       
solution to ! rebuild+ puzzle4 ,also1 ! 
plans s]ve z ! basis = re>rangem5t (    
rooms1 %ift+ ( p>titions1 & !           
introduction ( plumb+1 heat+1 &         
electricity4 ,inv>iably an old h\se has 
"o or m tuck$-up rooms t "u pres5t-day  
conditions c wisely be elim9at$ & !     
space add$ to adjo9+ ones4  ,a favorite 
arrangem5t ) old ,new ,engl& f>mh\ses 0 
! p>lor b$room1 locat$1 z ! "n          
indicates1 on ! gr\nd floor & connect$  
by a doorway ) t room ( c]emony &       
fun]als4 ,al?\gh x 0 (t5 little l>g] ?an
 a d\ble b$1 x 0 ! ma/] b$room ( !      
p]iod4 ,our ideas h *ang$ & su* a room c
 wisely be elim9at$4 ,aga91 !re is !    
problem ( space = ba?s & closets4 ,! =m]

 71 ( c\rse1 unkn[n & ! latt] woefully  
few :5 ! h\se 0 "y4 ,?us1 ) ! b$room    
floor1 ar*itect & own] h be=e !m a      
problem dem&+ skillful contriv+ to      
devise locations = ^! two ess5tials4    
,:5 dismemb]+ />ts1 ! man do+ x & !     
build+ contractor1 unless by a happy    
circum/ance he is "o & ! same p]son1 mu/
 "w toge!r closely4 ,! fir/ ?+ is to    
remove doors1 w9d[ sa%1 & z mu* ( !     
int]ior trim z possible1 along ) all !  
h>dw>e4 ,numb]$ & m>k$1 ^! are /or$ 9 "s
 dry %$ or b>n4 ,if feasible1 !y c be/  
be left at ! old site until !           
recon/ruction has progress$ f> en\gh s t
 !y may be put 9 place :5 deliv]$4 ,all 
fireplaces are n[ exam9$ c>efully to    
det]m9e ! exact angles ( sides & backs4 
,! individual /ones mu/ also be numb]$ &
 key$4 ,pa9t is appli$1 t w n rub (f z !
 /ones are remov$4  ,n[ ev]y?+ is ready 
= ! dramatic te>+ ap>t4 ,) flak+1 ! ro( 
& walls are m>k$ (f 9 great squ>es      
relat$ to ! timb] framework b5ea?4 ,!n x
 is only a matt] ( %>p saws1 muscle1 &  

pati5ce be=e ! h\se has be5 r$uc$ to    
panels1 load$ on trucks1 & />t$ t[>d !  
new location4  ,! task is n z simple )  
dismemb]+ b x1 too1 />ts at ! ridge pole
 & gradually works to ! f\ndation4 ,:ile
 "o crew is cle>+ away ! ro(+1 ano!r is 
tak+ (f ! ext]ior sid+4 ,if ?is happ5s  
to be ! orig9al wide clapbo>ds1 great   
c>e is ex]cis$ s !y may be us$ aga94    
,?is may or may n be true ( ! bo>d+     
und]nea?4 ,ev5 old build]s 7 wont to use
 second-h& lumb] :]e x w\ldn't %[4 ,on !
 o!r h&1 :]e ! ext]ior is %+l$ ! side   
walls und]nea? are (t5 ( wide s(t wood  
plank :i* take ! place ( bo? wea!r bo>d+
 & support+ /uds4 ,!y are1 ( c\rse1     
numb]$ & remov$ to be us$ aga94 ,%+les1 
:e!r ro( or side wall1 _c be sav$ z !y  
are inv>iably too wea!rbeat54 ,la? &    
pla/] are likewise de/roy$ 9 ! dismemb]+
 b !y are small loss z !y are usually 9 
bad ord]4  ,if ! /udd+ is 9 good        
condition1 x is us$ aga9 b if x is badly
 w>p$ or ( oak1 x is left beh9d4        
,c5tury-old oak is z h>d z concrete &   

mu/ actually be drill$ = nails4 ,:5 !   
/udd+ is tak5 out1 all w9d[ frames &    
doorways are remov$ & /or$4  ,n[ comes  
removal ( /airways1 fea!r-bo>d          
p>tition+1 floor+ & panel+ 9 ! ord]     
m5tion$4 ,(fh& "o w\ld s*$ule ! latt] z 
"o ( ! fir/ ?+s to be tak5 out b !      
build+ ways ( ! old workm5 dictate      
o!rwise4 ,z a means ( /opp+ drafts1 !y  
put all panel+ 9 f joi/ to joi/1 t is1 f
 bel[ ! upp] surface ( ! floor+ to above
 ! l[] surface ( ! ceil+4 ,aft] floors &
 ceil+s are out1 x is a simple matt] to 
loos5 all panel+ & remove x 9 l>ge      
units4 ,:]ev] possible :ole room-ends g 
intact4 ,! /airway is also tak5 out z a 
unit1 especially ! m elaborate "o 9 !   
front hall4 ,pry+ loose ! old wide      
floor+ is a difficult op]ation4 ,!      
orig9al h&-wr\ght nails h ru/$ fa/ & if 
too mu* lev]age is us$1 ! bo>ds split4  
,m5 us$ to su* "w salvage ! old floor+ )
 little damage1 h[ev]4  ,at ! same "t t 
! panel+ makes its exit1 ! l>ge         
he>?/ones are pri$ f position & mov$ to 

a wait+ truck4 ,all t n[ rema9 are !    
*imney & timb] frame4 ,by ?is "t ea*    
jo9t ( ! latt] has be5 numb]$ & giv5 its
 color code4 ,) a simple d]rick & ropes 
& pulleys1 dismemb]+ ! frame comm5ces4  
,! p9s t make ! jo9ts tight are remov$  
by driv+ or bor+4 ,ro( raft]s & purl9s  
come fir/2 !n ! y>d arms t brace plate &
 summ] beams1 foll[$ by ^! timb]s       
!mselves4 ,second floor joi/s come aft] 
!m1 foll[$ by ! corn] po/s4 ,ea* mu/ be 
remov$ ) caution & +5uity4 ,!re mu/ be  
no saw+ ap>t or prop] re-erection w be  
impossible4 ,s9ce fir/ floor raft]s &   
sills are usually badly decay$1 ! g5]al 
practice is to use new mat]ial4 ,s ! old
 ones are left beh9d4  ,:ile ?is is 9   
progress1 two m5 pry l9tels1 *eeks1 &   
o!r l>ge /ones f ! fireplaces1 z well z 
/ones at ! op5+s ( brick ov5s4 ,z _m old
 bricks f ! *imney are salvag$ z        
possible4 ,l>ge /one door /eps are also 
remov$ b g5]ally no attempt is made to  
take along ! dress$ /one ( ! f\ndations4
 ,! co/ ( haul+ to ! new site is out (  

proportion to ! advantage ga9$4 ,native 
/ones uncov]$ 9 digg+ ! new cell> are   
made reasonably squ>e & us$ in/ead4 ,old
 h\ses ant$at+ #ahjj are n usually ov]  
twelve or sixte5 in*es above ! level ( !
 gr\nd & s little new /one is ne$$4  ,! 
*imney ( ! recon/ruct$ h\se mu/ outw>dly
 resemble ! orig9al4 ,:]e x comes ?r\gh 
! ro( x is ( ample proportions & built (
 old brick1 b except = old fireplaces & 
ov5s1 x is o!rwise mod]n4 ,) flue tile1 
cem5t1 mort> & h>d brick1 safety (      
con/ruction is accompli%$ 9 mu* less    
space4 ,:at is sav$ frequ5tly becomes   
closets or ! well = plumb+ pipes4  ,f9d+
 space = ba?s is a nice game ( +5uity4  
,p]haps !re is a small b$room t c be    
divid$ & provide ba?s = two ma9 b$rooms4
 ,aga91 %ift+ a p>tition a few feet may 
d x4 ,9 "o old h\se1 once a tav]n1 !    
dance hall on ! second floor 0 r$uc$    
ne>ly t5 feet & ! space became a        
comb9ation ba? & dress+ room4 ,?us1 !   
rural ball room 0 translat$ into a l>ge 
ma/] b$room ) all pres5t-day            

appurt5ances4 ,9 ano!r h\se a /orage    
space six by eight feet became an       
excell5t ba? by hav+ a w9d[ cut 9 !     
ext]ior wall4  ,9 ! all-important "q (  
kit*5 & s]vants' qu>t]s be mod]n f />t  
to f9i%4 ,! old f>mh\se kit*5 0 bo? liv+
 room & workroom4 ,x 0 l>ge & *e]ful4   
,accord+ly ! recon/ruct$ h\se cont9ues x
 z a liv+ room4 ,! new kit*5 c be/ be   
locat$ 9 an ext5sion ei!r orig9al or new
 b design$ to be 9 keep+4 ,"h ! noises &
 odors ( cook+ w n p]meate ! ma9        
/ructure & ) m\se-pro( new p>titions1   
kit*51 pantry1 & s]vants' qu>t]s c be   
arrang$ s !y w be logical & conv5i5t4   
,:]ev] possible ! g>age ought to be a "p
 ( ! s]vice w+ = ease ( access & heat+ 9
 w9t]4  ,because ( ! individuality ( old
 h\ses1 return+ doors & w9d[s to !      
orig9al location is n entirely m&atory4 
,"o "h & !re c be mov$ a little )\t     
de/roy+ resemblance to ! orig9al4 ,) !  
plans = re-erection complete1 ev]y?+ is 
ready = a second rais+ ( ! frame4 ,new  
sills cut to ! same dim5sions z ! old   

are put 9 place4 ,!n corn] po/s1 summ] &
 plate beams1 & o!r pr9cipal timb]s are 
hoi/$ to _! prop] places4 ,by virtue (  
numb]+ & m>k+ ) colors--r$ = ! gr\nd    
floor1 blue = ! second1 & black = !     
attic is "o recon/ructor's code--ea*    
mortice & t5on jo9t is put back j z x 0 
orig9ally & ! :ole frame made plumb4 ,n[
 h>dwood p9s driv5 home at its jo9ts    
make ! skeleton firm & solid4 ,!n comes 
! new ro( ( :atev] type ( %+les select$4
 ,along ) x />ts ! "w ( enclos+ ! side  
walls4 ,^! /eps1 ( c\rse1 apply to a    
/ructure tak5 ap>t piecemeal4 ,) a flak$
 h\se1 ro(s & walls are return$ to      
position z panels4 ,mak+ saw-cut cracks 
tight is ! only rema9+ /ep4  ,if        
possible1 ! old /udd+ & wea!r bo>d+ are 
us$1 al?\gh1 z nei!r w %[1 new mat]ial c
 be sub/itut$ if desir$4 ,simil>ly a    
r\gh floor+ ( *eap lumb] is laid z a    
f\ndation = ! old4 ,su* features z ! ma9
 /airway & panel+1 clean$ & repair$1 are
 n[ br\ght 9 ?r\gh l>ge op5+s 9 ! side  
walls & put 9 place be=e enclos+ ! frame

 is complet$4  ,!re are two po9ts ( view
 ab\t us+ old w9d[ frames4 ,"o favors   
us+ !m despite lack ( me*anical means = 
rais+ or l[]+ ! sa%4 ,! o!r1 reason+ t  
_m ( ! frames are b\nd to be badly      
wea!r$ & n too s\nd1 recomm5ds new ones 
complete ) weights & cords4 ,) ! latt]1 
! old effect is pres]v$ by reproduc+ !  
ext]ior mold+ exactly & by us+ ! orig9al
 int]ior trim4  ,aft] enclos+ is        
complet$ & ! int]ior p>titions are 9    
place1 ! h\se is ready = la? & pla/]4   
,wood or metal la? or any "o ( ! v>i\s  
pla/] bo>ds c be us$ z f\ndation4 ,n[   
comes a f9e po9t4 ,pres5t-day pla/]]s   
produce a mu* f9] f9i% ?an 0 ! rule a   
c5tury ago1 b if !y und]/& ! effect     
desir$ !y w re/ra9 !mselves & possibly  
omit ! f9al skim coat4  ,! next details 
are ! w9d[ sa%1 int]ior trim1 & ! f9al  
ext]ior sid+4 ,! latt] c be ei!r !      
orig9al clapbo>ds1 new ones ( ! same    
wid?1 or ! long riv5 %+les4 ,:atev] is  
us$1 = protection aga9/ w9t] w9ds1 !    
bo>d+ ought to be %ea!d ei!r ) build+   

pap] or a quilt+4 ,likewise1 ! tops (   
all door & w9d[ frames mu/ be prop]ly   
fla%$4 ,?is prev5ts ra9 leaks :i* are   
b\nd to /a9 ! pla/]4  ,be=e ! orig9al   
floor+ is re-laid x %\ld be ?or\ghly    
scrubb$ ) a mild lye solution to rid x (
 old pa9t1 /a9s1 & dirt2 z _m ( ! old   
nails remov$ z possible1 & injur$       
sections disc>d$4 ,s9ce !re is b\nd to  
be an appreciable loss1 ! attic floor+ c
 be us$ to take ! place ( t disc>d$ or  
an additional am\nt b\ght f "s wreck]   
specializ+ 9 mat]ials salvag$ f old     
/ructures4 ,along ) clean+ ! old floor+1
 x is frequ5tly wise to h ! edges       
re-plan$ s !y w be /raight & true4 ,x   
obviates wide cracks t ga!r du/ & l9t4  
,9 tak+ ! old h\se ap>t1 a bit ( sid+   
may give a clue to ! orig9al color      
outside4 ,"u ! v>i\s coats ( pa9t & pap]
 ( ! int]ior ! own] may get glimpses ( !
 s*eme ( decoration us$ :5 ! h\se 0 "y4 
,we may n realize x b ,colonial         
,am]icans 7 p>tial to color 9 ! home &  
us$ a numb] ( v effective (f-%ades n[   

l>gely =gott54 ,if ^! c be discov]$ &   
samples pres]v$ = mat*+1 ! results w be 
au!ntic & at ! same "t give ! h\se an   
individuality & atmosph]e t w n be met )
 else:]e4  ,illu/ration3 ,,z ,,!y       
,,built ,a ,,*imney ,,9 ,,! ,,eighte5?  
,,c5tury  ,photo by ,john ,runyon  ,a   
h\se t c be pur*as$ = removal w n (t5 be
 completely equipp$ ) its orig9al       
wr\ght-iron h+es1 door lat*es & locks4  
,b ! *ances are t en\gh w rema9 to      
indicate :at !y 7 & replacem5ts t mat* &
 fit c be b\ght f an antique deal]      
specializ+ 9 old h>dw>e4  ,s9ce         
electricity is entirely a mod]n         
conv5i5ce1 select+ fixtures mu/ dep5d   
entirely on ! own]'s ta/e4 ,"o ( ! mo/  
satisfactory re/or$ h\ses we h se5 has v
 few fixtures & _m portable lamps *iefly
 made f old jugs & conv]t$ a/ral oil    
lamps4 ,9 ba?rooms1 kit*51 cell> &      
g>age1 no attempt 0 made to affect !    
antique4 ,be+ /rictly utilit>ian rooms1 
simple fixtures t w\ld provide ! maximum
 ( light 7 employ$4  ,s if only has     

become an actuality4 ,! old h\se is n[  
com=tably settl$ on its new site & l mo/
 transplant$ ?+s w ?rive bett] if "s    
fa9t flavor ( its old surr\nd+s is      
pres5t1 su* z an apple or*>d or "o or   
two f9e old trees t look z if !y & !    
h\se _h gr[n old toge!r4     ,,! ,,smoke
 ,,goes ,,up ,,! ,,*imney  ,illu/ration 
,,*apt] ,,viii  ,,! ,,smoke ,,goes ,,up 
,,! ,,*imney   ,rememb] t ! new *imneys 
are n to smoke1 wrote ,g5]al ,wa%+ton f 
,new ,york 9 #aggf to 8 k9sman & ov]se]1
 ,lund ,wa%+ton1 reg>d+ ! remodel+ (    
,m\nt ,v]non4 ,t admonition is j z      
necess>y today z !n4 ,a *imney is /ill  
an ess5tial "p ( a h\se4 ,also1 despite 
! newe/ & mo/ effective heat+ sy/ems1   
family life1 9 ! c\ntry at lea/1 /ill   
c5t]s ar\nd ! he>?4 ,old1 new1 or m]ely 
middle-ag$1 no c\ntry home is consid]$  
prop]ly equipp$ )\t at lea/ "o          
fireplace4  ,!re is no use 9 pret5d+ t  
!y are ne$$ = heat1 b ! leap+ flames &  
brisk crackl+ ( burn+ twigs are a *e]y  
sight & s\nd4 ,h>riet w h h] fireplace  

fire ev5 ?\gh %e has to op5 all ! doors 
& w9d[s1 *uckl$ "o h\sehold]4 ,?is      
ceases to be a pleasantry if doors &    
w9d[s h to be ?r[n wide to let out smoke
 in/ead ( excess heat4 ,!n ?is c5t] (   
family *e] becomes z exasp]at+ z any o!r
 inanimate ?+ t doesn't "w4  ,if1 by    
pur*ase ( an exi/+ /ructure1 a h\sehold]
 has become heir to su* a problem1      
simple ?+s1 l fireplace hoods1 capp+ !  
*imney1 or increas+ its height1 c be    
tri$4 ,if ^! fail1 ar*itectural c\nsel  
is ! next /ep4 ,su* tr\ble is m frequ5t 
9 h\ses dat+ aft] ! /ove era ?an be=e4  
,! old masons built fireplaces =        
practical use r ?an = occasional        
indulg5ce4 ,!y _h nev] he>d (           
a]odynamics b !y knew h[ to con/ruct    
fireplaces t w\ld give out real heat z  
well z *imneys t c>ri$ ! smoke :]e x    
belong$1 up & out4  ,( c\rse "s unwise  
features are to be f\nd 9 ! old "w b1 = 
! mo/ "p1 design & proportions _c be    
improv$4 ,! angles ( sides & back1 size 
( op5+ & ?roat1 location ( smoke %elf1  

size & proportions ( smoke *amb]1 all 7 
det]m9$ ?r\gh ye>s ( rule ( ?umb        
exp]im5t :]e only ! be/ results surviv$4
 ,!re=e1 ! own] ( an antique c\ntry home
 ) *imney & fireplaces intact %\ld ?9k  
twice be=e he gives ord]s to demoli% !m4
 ,simil>ly1 he :o is build+ a new h\se c
 well plan to reproduce ! old fireplaces
 9 size & %ape4  ,build+ prop] *imneys &
 he>?s 0 sl[ly evolv$ ?r\gh ! c5turies4 
,9 ! late #ah? c5tury1 an ,am]ican      
codifi$ ?is masonic lore & e/abli%$ !   
sci5tific basis = a prop] fireplace s   
cog5tly t ev5 today 8 pr9ciples =m !    
backbone ( fireplace build+4 ,he 0 born 
,b5jam9 ,?ompson1 ,m>* #bf1 #agec1 at   
,woburn1 ,massa*usetts1 b is bett] kn[n 
z ,c\nt von ,rum=d ( ! ,holy ,roman     
,empire4  ,! plague ( a smok+ fireplace 
is prov]bial1 began ,rum=d 9 8 treatise 
on ! subject1 writt5 dur+ 8 ye>s 9 !    
s]vice ( ! ,elector ( ,bav>ia4 ,/ripp$ (
 ! involv$ t]m9ology *>act]i/ic ( !     
natural philosoph] ( t day1 8           
specifications = a smokeless1           

heat-radiat+ fireplace are v simple &   
dep5d on ?ree fundam5tals4 ,fir/1 ! size
 ( flue mu/ be 9 proportion to !        
fireplace op5+4 ,second1 ! angles ( back
 & jambs mu/ be su* t !y w reflect heat 
into ! room4 ,?ird1 ?roat & smoke *amb] 
( prop] size & %ape are ess5tial because
 ! =m] improves ! draft :ile ! latt]    
prev5ts smoke f be+ bl[n out into ! room
 by a d[n draft )9 ! *imney flue4  ,f   
?is x is cle> t ! ,new ,engl&-re>$ c\nt 
( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire 0 really       
describ+ ! type & design ( fireplace 9  
g5]al use at home 9 8 boyhood & expla9+ 
! sci5tific reasons = its sup]iority ov]
 ,european rectangul> ones1 built       
?roatless & )\t a smoke *amb]4 ,z /at$  
be=e1 te*nical m5 today g5]ally g back  
to ,rum=d's "w & ! ,am]ican tradition   
beh9d x1 b 9 "o p>ticul> !y make a wise 
dep>ture4 ,in/ead ( a s+le common flue1 
!y advocate sep>ate ones = ea*          
fireplace4  ,^! mod]n specifications1   
bas$ on sev]al c5turies ( good practice1
 are z foll[s3 ,! fireplace %\ld be at  

lea/ #ah in*es deep & h a he>? #bj in*es
 wide4 ,! size ( op5+ mu/ ( c\rse be 9  
proportion to ! dim5sions ( ! room1 b "o
 ) l9tel less t #bf in*es above ! he>?  
is n practical because ( difficulty 9   
t5d+ ! fire4 ,a good maximum height is  
#db in*es4 ,! wid? %\ld be 9 accord &   
exce$ x s t ! op5+ is a well-proportion$
 rectangle ) its great] dim5sion        
horizontal4  ,9 our c\ntry home1 built  
ab\t #agfe1 !re are ?ree fireplaces1 ea*
 ( diff]5t size & proportions4 ,! l>ge/1
 :]e ! cook+ 0 done1 is #ej in*es wide  
by #cg in*es high & #ah in*es deep4 ,!  
"o 9 ! old p>lor has a wid? ( #ch-a_/b  
in*es1 a height ( #bh-a_/b in*es1 & a   
dep? ( #ac-a_/b in*es4 ,! smalle/ has an
 op5+ j (f ! squ>e :i* is #bg in*es wide
 by #be-a_/b in*es high ) a dep? ( only 
#aa in*es4 ,all ?ree are non-smok]s "u  
all conditions ( w9d & wea!r4 ,) prop]  
size ( wood !y are easy to t5d & good   
s\rces ( w>m? except 9 real w9t] wea!r4 
,ea* is individuali/ic 9 he>? dim5sions1
 ! l>ge/ ( c\rse be+ t ( ! old kit*5 ) a

 he>?/one ov] sev5 feet long by two feet
 wide4  ,:e!r heat radiates into ! room1
 or goes up ! *imney along ) ! smoke1   
dep5ds on ! angles ( fireplace sides &  
back4 ,! =m] %\ld be set at an angle (  
ab\t #fj degrees s t !y fl>e outw>d f ! 
back wall4 ,!re are two s*ools ( ?\ght  
reg>d+ ! back4 ,"o w\ld h ! =w>d pit*   
beg9 "o ?ird ( ! di/ance f floor to     
l9tel2 ! o!r favors ! slope />t+ at !   
bottom & cont9u+ upw>d 9 an unbrok5     
plane4 ,9 ! =m]1 ! pit* %\ld be ab\t #bc
 degrees f ! v]tical2 ) ! latt]1 #ah    
degrees w suffice4  ,f ?is po9t !       
consid]ation ( dim5sions goes up !      
*imney4 ,9 its /&>d ord9ance = *imney   
con/ruction1 ! ,national ,bo>d ( ,fire  
,und]writ]s calls = fireplace flues ) a 
draft area ( "o-twelf? ( t ( ! fireplace
 op5+ & det]m9es ?is area z a circle or 
ellipse t w fit )9 ! tile us$ to l9e !  
flue4 ,z x is difficult to obta9 flue   
l9+s ( exactly ! desir$ area1 x is bett]
 to select a size slightly l>g]1 r ?an  
"o small]1 & s make sure ( suffici5t    

capacity "u all wea!r conditions4       
,betwe5 ! l9tel ( ! fireplace & ! po9t  
:]e ! flue comm5ces come ! ?ree         
/ructural features s /ress$ by ,c\nt    
,rum=d4 ,!y are ! ?roat1 smoke %elf1 &  
smoke *amb]4 ,z its "n implies1 ! ?roat 
is ! op5+ ?r\gh :i* smoke1 hot gases1 & 
"s flames pass on _! way upw>d4 ,exp]ts 
hold t its correct con/ruction          
contributes m to ! effici5cy ( a        
fireplace ?an any o!r feature1 save     
prop] flue design4 ,! area ( ! ?roat    
op5+ %\ld n be less ?an t ( ! flue & its
 l5g? mu/ be equal to ! wid? ( !        
fireplace4 ,x %\ld be locat$ eight in*es
 above ! l9tel4 ,"u pres5t practice1 a  
ca/-iron ?roat ) a damp] :i* c be op5$ &
 clos$ to regulate ! up-*imney fl[ is   
/&>d4 ,also1 :5 ! fireplace is n 9 use1 
?is damp] c be clos$ & s prev5t loss (  
o!r heat4  ,! smoke %elf comes          
imm$iately above ! ?roat & is =m$ by    
recess+ ! brickwork ( ! back ! full wid?
 ( ! *imney = at lea/ f\r in*es4 ,) v   
l>ge fireplaces1 x may be z mu* z twelve

 in*es4 ,! object ( ?is feature is to   
/op any accid5tal draft )9 ! flue f go+ 
f>!r & bl[+ smoke out into ! room4 ,!   
area 9 betwe5 ?is & ! flue itself is    
call$ ! smoke *amb]4 ,"h ! walls are    
drawn 9 ) a gradual upw>d tap] to ! po9t
 :]e ! flue l9+ beg9s4 ,! *amb] s =m$ c 
& does hold accumulat$ smoke tempor>ily 
:5 a gu/ ( w9d across ! *imney top cuts 
(f ! draft = a mom5t4  ,9 build+        
*imneys1 ! old masons v>i$ _! /ructural 
ways & mat]ials accord+ to ! "p ( !     
c\ntry 9 :i* !y work$4 ,new ,engl&      
workm5 7 p>tial to a c5tral *imney1 !   
core ar\nd :i* ! h\se 0 built1 & _!     
usual mat]ial 0 /one4 ,occasionally     
brick 0 us$ b ?is mat]ial 0 m 9 favor ) 
old h\ses ( ! middle /ates & ! ,s\?4    
,"h1 in/ead ( ! c5tral /ack1 a *imney 0 
built 9 ea* ( ! two end walls4 ,!       
climate 0 mild] & ! /yle ( ar*itecture1 
) c5tral hall & /airway1 made su*       
practice desirable4  ,! m>k ( an old    
*imney is its massive con/ruction4 ,9 ^?
 ( ! c5tral type1 x is n uncommon to f9d

 a f\ndation pi] ( t5 by twelve feet 9 !
 cell>4 ,?is 0 laid dry & j bel[ ! level
 ( ! fir/ floor1 l>ge transv]se beams 7 
put 9 place to support ! he>?/ones ( !  
fireplaces above4 ,"h dry "w /opp$ &1 f 
!re to ! *imney top1 all /ones 7 laid 9 
a mort> made ( lime & s&4 ,at a po9t    
above ! smoke *amb]s ( ! v>i\s          
fireplaces & ! brick-ov5 flue 7always a 
"p ( ! kit*5 fireplace7 all came toge!r 
9 a common flue4 ,"h ! *imney gradually 
tap]$ to ! top & 0 usually ab\t ?ree or 
f\r feet squ>e :]e x came ?r\gh ! ro(4  
,orig9ally su* *imneys 7 entirely (     
/one4 ,comp>atively few are f\nd 9      
orig9al condition today4 ,"t & wea!r    
usually made repair or repo9t+ ( !      
portion above ! ro( l9e necess>y &1 9 ! 
c\rse ( x1 brick 0 (t5 us$ in/ead (     
/one4  ,by ample proportions ! old      
masons a*iev$ fire safety4 ,?is c n[ be 
accompli%$ ) a di/9ct sav+ 9 space if "o
 is build+ a new *imney4 ,!re are c]ta9 
fundam5tal provisions z /at$ 9 ! /&>d   
*imney ord9ance cit$ above4 ,^! are     

t$i\s & complicat$ read+ = ! layman1 b  
to ar*itects1 build]s & masons1 !y      
simply mean /&>d workman%ip & mat]ials t
 h be5 us$ = ye>s to insure correctly   
function+ *imneys4 ,possibly a brief    
resum ( ^! fundam5tals is n out ( place 
9 ord] t ! prospective c\ntry h\se own] 
may n dem& ! impossible 9 8 s*emes =    
conv5i5t closets1 cupbo>ds1 or ev5 a    
/airway4  ,! *imney may be built (      
brick1 /one1 re9=c$ concrete1 concrete  
blocks1 or holl[ tile ( clay or         
concrete4  ,all *imneys %\ld re/ on an  
adequate f\ndation locat$ bel[ ! fro/   
l9e & bo? *imney & flues %\ld adh]e     
/rictly to ! p]p5dicul>4  ,if an angle  
is necess>y1 x ought n to be great] ?an 
#de degrees4  ,no (fset %\ld be ov]     
?ree-eigh?s ( ! total wid? ( ! *imney4  
,9 lay+ brick or o!r mat]ial1 c>e %\ld  
be tak5 t all jo9ts are tight &         
completely fill$ ) mort>4  ,unl9$       
*imneys are n prohibit$ b ! be/         
arrangem5t is "o 9 :i* all flues are l9$
 ) fire clay tile1 jo9ts well set 9     

mort>1 & ea* flue sep>at$ by a p>tition 
( brick4 ,only s\nd1 uncrack$ tile %\ld 
be put 9 place4  ,fireplace walls mu/ be
 ( ample proportions to support ! *imney
 & at lea/ eight in*es ?ick4 ,x is fur!r
 sugge/$ t !y be l9$ ) fire brick4  ,!  
woodwork ar\nd fireplaces mu/ n be clos]
 ?an f\r in*es to ! back wall ( a *imney
 & floor beams mu/ be two in*es away f a
 *imney wall4 ,! space betwe5 %\ld be   
fill$ ) loose cru%$ c9d]s or o!r por\s  
incombu/ible mat]ial to =m a fire /op4  
,pla/] = ext]ior walls ( a *imney %\ld  
be appli$ direct or on metal la?4 ,no   
wood furr+ or la?4  ,! he>?1 :i* may be 
( brick1 /one1 tile1 or concrete1 mu/ be
 support$ by a masonry trimm] ar* or    
simil> fire-resi/+ con/ruction4 ,bo?    
he>? & ar* %\ld be at lea/ tw5ty in*es  
wide & n less ?an two feet long] ?an !  
wid? ( ! fireplace op5+4  ,if ! mantel  
is ( wood1 x mu/ n be plac$ )9 eight    
in*es ( ! jambs1 or twelve ( ! l9tel4   
,! m9imum height ( *imneys above ! ro(  
l9e is two feet = hip1 gable1 or mans>d 

ro(s1 & ?ree = flat ones4  ,*imney caps 
mu/ n r$uce ! effective draft area (    
flues4  ,9 connect+ ! smoke pipe ( a    
heat+ plant1 inc9]ator1 or wat] heat] to
 its flue 9 ! *imney1 ! op5+ mu/ be     
built ) a fire clay tile coll> & ! smoke
 pipe %\ld n protrude into ! flue beyond
 ! coll>4 ,o!rwise1 ! effici5cy ( !     
draft is mat]ially impair$4  ,9         
addition1 home own]s may h o!r features 
in/all$ t w d mu* to increase heat      
production ( fireplaces & conv5i5ce 9 ! 
use ( !m4 ,"o is ! /eel fireplace =m1   
built into ! *imney4 ,?is takes ! place 
( jambs1 back1 ?roat1 smoke %elf1 &     
smoke *amb] & is s design$ t beh9d sides
 & back !re is an air space op5+ into ! 
room ?r\gh intake & outlet v5ts on ei!r 
side ( ! fireplace4 ,! cold air ( ! room
 is drawn into ?is space1 heat$ by      
radiation & return$4 ,x acts on ! ord] (
 a hot air furnace & c be us$ to        
advantage 9 new fireplaces or 9 old ones
 too mu* out ( repair to be us$ )\t     
rebuild+4  ,!re is also ! %eet-/eel     

smoke *amb] :i* comes complete ) ?roat  
damp] & smoke %elf & is put 9 place     
above ! l9tel :]e x ext5ds to ! po9t :]e
 ! flue comm5ces4 ,a common device =    
easy disposal ( ! a%es is ! a% dump1 a  
small ca/-iron vault locat$ 9 !         
fireplace floor & connect$ ) an a% vault
 built 9 ! *imney f\ndation4 ,! vault is
 equipp$ ) an iron door s t ! a%es may  
be remov$ once or twice a ye>4  ,s mu* =
 *imneys & fireplaces4 ,= actual & ev5  
heat+ ( all p>ts ( ! h\se1 "s type (    
heat+ plant is necess>y bo? = com=t &   
economy4 ,x is true t our =efa!rs liv$1 
_m ( !m to a ripe old age1 ) only       
fireplaces to heat _! drafty homes & )  
no heat at all 9 _! public build+s4 ,!y 
did1 h[ev]1 =tify !mselves well ) a     
daily draft ( rum & !y wore a quantity (
 clo?+ t w\ld be intol]able today4      
,fur!r1 pl5ty ( wood = fuel grew at _! v
 door2 x 0 "p ( ! normal f>m "w to cut x
 d[n & prep>e x = ! cav]n\s fireplaces4 
,b !n1 z n[1 a fireplace c\ld only heat 
a comp>atively small area4 ,fur!r1 "u   

mod]n conditions1 x is ! mo/ exp5sive   
heat t c be g5]at$4 ,ev5 ?\gh y\r hold+ 
includes a good siz$ wood-lot1 ! co/ (  
labor = gett+ fuel cut1 drawn1 & pil$ 9 
y\r cell> may run to m ?an ! same am\nt 
pur*as$ f ! local coal y>d4  ,if y h    
pur*as$ an old h\se ) no heat+ plant or 
are build+ a new h\se1 ! type ( heat+   
us$ w l>gely dep5d on :at y\r ar*itect  
consid]s practical & :at y c pay =4 ,!  
*ief sy/ems1 view$ 9 desc5d+ ord] (     
exp5se1 are hot wat]1 /eam1 pip$ hot    
air1 & ! pipeless furnace4 ,all ( ^! c  
be fitt$ to burn ei!r coal or oil4      
,provid$ "o c meet ! initial exp5se (   
pur*ase & in/allation1 ! ideal sy/em is 
probably ! oil burn+1 electrically run1 
hot wat] heat+ sy/em4 ,b>r+ ! f9al      
p]fection ( ! robot1 x is z ne> to a    
me*anical s]vant z "o is likely to get  
ev5 9 ?is age ( inv5tion4 ,!re is no    
%ovel+ or sift+ ( a%es4 ,!re is no      
furnace %ak+ or /ok+1 no puzzl+ ov]     
damp]s4 ,p]iodically & = a price1 a man 
comes & fills ! oil tank4 ,a !rmo/at    

regulates ! heat4 ,y h only to set x = !
 desir$ temp]ature & =get x4  ,!re is j 
"o flaw ) ?is p]fect sy/em4 ,x is       
dep5d5t on electricity4 ,let t fail &   
!re is tr\ble4 ,! f9e copp] radiators1 s
 effici5t :5 all goes well1 spr+ leaks  
if ! wat] 9 !m freezes4 ,a few ye>s ago 
an unusually sev]e blizz>d 9 ! ,nor?    
,atlantic /ates work$ havoc ) all ( !   
mod]n devices4 ,roads 7 block$1         
telephone & electric s]vice l9es 7 d[n1 
& ev5 tra9 s]vice 0 impair$4 ,"o ( our  
neighbors _h built a new h\se two or    
?ree ye>s be=e & equipp$ x ) practically
 e appliance kn[n to mod]n com=t1       
includ+ an oil burn]4  ,9 a few %ort    
h\rs ?is blizz>d _h set him back m ?an a
 c5tury4 ,electricity1 ( c\rse1 fail$ & 
! heat 9 8 f9e furnace dw9dl$ & di$4 ,x 
grew cold] & cold]1 ultimately rea*+    
tw5ty degrees bel[ z]o4 ,add$ to !      
discom=t ( ! family 0 ! disquiet+ k t ! 
freez+ po9t w\ld mean crack$ radiators4 
,luckily he _h ?ree fireplaces t really 
work$4 ,he _h pl5ty ( wood4 ,s = ?ree   

days & nights1 he & two o!r memb]s ( 8  
family work$ 9 relays to keep ro>+ fires
 go+ 9 all ?ree fireplaces4 ,9 ?is way  
!y ma9ta9$ a temp]ature ( at lea/ #dj   
degrees & s sav$ pipes & radiators4  ,"o
 may argue t1 if wat] freez+ 9 radiators
 & pipes is all1 :y n dra9 !m 9 su* an  
em]g5cy4 ,?is is a job = a plumb]1 z x  
mu/ be done ) a ?or\ghness t leaves no  
moi/ure beh9d4 ,! av]age layman has     
nei!r ! skill nor ! tools = x4 ,!re=e1  
if !re comes a w9t] :5 sn[1 ice1 high   
w9ds1 & l[ temp]atures cause y to wond] 
if liv+ 9 ! c\ntry ! ye> ar\nd is q s\nd
 & y decide t a few weeks 9 a nice city 
ap>tm5t w\ld be a good idea1 close y\r  
h\se1 if x seems m exp$i5t ?an leav+ a  
c>etak] beh9d1 b don't try to save !    
plumb]'s fee4 ,rememb] pipes1 radiators1
 & valves _c be m5d$4 ,!y h to be       
replac$ & t is exp5sive4  ,h[ev]1       
blizz>ds t s]i\sly int]rupt electric    
s]vice are s r>e t "o ne$ n =ego !      
decid$ com=t t an oil burn] gives1 j    
because "s su* *ance may arise4 ,also1  

if ! "q ( exp5se mu/ be consid]$1 /eam c
 be us$ in/ead ( hot wat] & w co/ f     
"o-qu>t] to "o-?ird less4  ,! initial   
exp5diture = bo? hot wat] & /eam heat+  
is consid]ably less1 too1 if coal r ?an 
oil is to be ! fuel4 ,?is calls = q a   
little m sup]vision on ! "p ( !         
h\sehold]4 ,he c cut d[n "s ( ! drudg]y 
( /ok+ by in/all+ a gravity fe$ type (  
boil]4 ,?is is equipp$ ) a hopp] & ne$s 
fill+ only once a day4 ,or he c use !   
old fa%ion$ h&-fir$ type1 ) or )\t !    
s]vices ( a man ( all "w4 ,!re w be du/ 
& dirt z well z ! morn+ & ev5+ rituals (
 /ok+1 adju/+ damp]s1 %ak+1 & clean+ out
 ! a% pit4 ,!re w be ! p]iodic *ore (   
sift+ a%es & c>ry+ !m out = ei!r c>t+   
away or = fill+ 9 holl[ places 9 !      
driveway4 ,b 8 fire w burn1 no matt] :at
 happ5s to ! curr5t ( ! local light &   
p[] company4  ,h[ev]1 z already /at$1   
electricity is a fai?ful s]vant mo/ ( ! 
"t & !re are devices t n only take away 
"s ( ! drudg]y ( furnace t5d+ b1 9 !    
long run1 actually save money 9 coal    

bills4 ,"o ( ^! is ! me*anical /ok] :i* 
is electrically driv5 & burns ! f9e/    
size ( coal4 ,ano!r way ( r$uc+ ! coal  
bill is to in/all an electric bl[]4     
,?is1 z its "n implies1 is a =c$ draft  
controll$ by a !rmo/at1 & ) x ! *eap]   
grades ( coal c be us$4 ,incid5tally1   
any coal-burn+ furnace t gets to sulk+ c
 be made to respond by plac+ an ord9>y  
electric fan be=e ! op5 a% pit4 ,we h   
done ?is ) a pipeless furnace & h be5   
able to burn ! *eap] buck:eat coal almo/
 entirely z a result4  ,!re appe>s to be
 no me*anical device = remov+ ! a%es out
 ( ! cell>4 ,s1 if ! h\sehold] puts 9 a 
coal burn+ /eam or hot wat] plant z a   
matt] ( economy1 & !n 9 a few ye>s      
covets an oil burn]1 x is p]fectly      
practical & possible to h "o in/all$ 9 8
 furnace4 ,:atev] ! fuel1 make sure     
en\gh radiation is provid$ ) /eam or hot
 wat] plants to heat ! h\se ev5ly &     
adequately 9 ! colde/ wea!r accord+ to  
y\r ideas r ?an ! plumb]'s4 ,he is      
usually a h>dy individual :o consid]s   

#fh degrees w>m en\gh = any "o4         
,!oretically x may be4 ,actually mo/ p  
are m com=table at a room temp]ature ( f
 two to f\r degrees high]4  ,*eape/ (   
all to in/all & op]ate is ! pipeless    
furnace4 ,?is is h>dly m ?an a l>ge /ove
 set 9 ! cell>4 ,an ample regi/] 9 !    
floor directly above x is connect$ to a 
galvaniz$ iron cas+ t surr\nds ! fire   
pot4 ,x is divid$ s t cool air f ! h\se 
itself is drawn d[nw>d1 heat$1 & !n =c$ 
upw>d aga94 ,?is sy/em w n "w well 9 a  
h\se equipp$ ) w+s or additions s plac$ 
t ! air f ! c5tral regi/] _c p5etrate4  
,x is p>ticul>ly effective 9 a h\se ) a 
c5tral hall4  ,9 ! #ah? c5tury compact  
h\se ) c5tral *imney1 ! pipeless furnace
 regi/] c be set 9 ! small front        
entrance & ano!r regi/] cut 9 ! ceil+   
directly above x4 ,?is c>ries "p ( !    
heat to ! second floor & s makes = bett]
 di/ribution ( ! w>m air4 ,z already    
/at$1 su* a furnace is q inexp5sive & s 
easy to in/all t ! av]age h&y man w n   
f9d x too complicat$4 ,we put "o 9 our  

c\ntry home "s eight ye>s ago m]ely z a 
means ( keep+ ! h\se w>m dur+ ! e>ly    
spr+ & late fall4 ,we h s9ce f\nd t x c 
& does heat ! entire h\se ev5 at sub-z]o
 temp]atures4  ,9 all hone/y1 h[ev]1 "o 
mu/ admit t x has c]ta9 disadvantages4  
,fir/1 x is l ! old-fa%ion$ /ove 9 t an 
ev5 heat is h>d to ma9ta94 ,second1 )   
coal or wood z ! usual fuel1 !re is a   
disc\rag+ am\nt ( du/ g5]at$4 ,?ird1 !  
doors to all rooms mu/ be left op5 s t !
 curr5ts ( hot air c circulate4 ,"o     
*ooses betwe5 fro/y seclusion & balmy   
greg>i\sness4 ,yet1 9 spite ( ^! v      
def9ite outs1 x is f> bett] ?an no      
furnace at all4 ,x is1 9 fact1 an       
excell5t /op gap = ! c\ntry h\se own] :o
 is n prep>$ to inve/ 9 ! m exp5sive    
heat+ plants at ! mom5t4 ,! m effete    
sy/em c always be add$ lat] & ! fai?ful 
old pipeless junk$1 mov$ to "s o!r      
build+1 or left 9 place = an em]g5cy1   
su* z a public-utility-crippl+ blizz>d  
or flood4     ,,! ,,"q ,,( ,,wat]       
,,supply  ,illu/ration     ,,*apt] ,,ix 

,,! ,,"q ,,( ,,wat] ,,supply   ,:e!r "o 
lives 9 ! c\ntry or ! city1 geology &   
geography gov]n ! s\rce ( ! wat] t fl[s 
f ! tap4 ,cities g miles = an adequate1 
pure wat] supply & h be5 do+ s s9ce !   
days ( ! ,caes>s4 ,su* sy/ems involve   
?\s&s ( acres & millions ( doll>s = wat]
 %$s1 res]voirs1 dams1 pipe l9es1 &     
purify+ plants4  ,! c\ntry place is a   
m9iature municipality ) its own wat]    
sy/em4 ,! latt] ne$ n be elaborate or   
exp5sive b x mu/ be adequate4 ,no?+     
disrupts a family s quickly & completely
 z wat] %ortage4 ,p]sonally1 we w\ld f> 
r see our family hungry & 9 rags ?an    
aga9 curtail its ba?s & %[]s4 ,we c be  
c>eful & only use :at is necess>y1 s\nds
 easy b be=e long ev]ybody is aga9/     
fa!r4 ,he is mean & unreasonable4 ,save 
! wat]1 inde$6 ,x is all 8 fault4 ,he   
%\ld h kn[n ! supply w\ld fail :5 he    
b\ght ! place4 ,a moron c\ld see x 0 n  
l>ge en\gh4 ,a six weeks' dr\ght8 ,well1
 :at ( x6  ,mean:ile wat] div9]s1 well  
digg]s & drill]s add gall & wormwood to 

! situation4 ,oh yes1 t well always did 
g dry ab\t ?is "t ( ye>4 ,sav+ ! wat]   
w\ldn't make any diff]5ce4 ,bett] n bo!r
 ) x b dig or drill a new "o4 ,exp5se8  
,:y quibble ab\t t :5 ! peace ( "o's    
family is at /ake4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1    
only "o outcome4 ,a brok5 & *a/5$ man   
soon makes ! be/ t]ms he c ) "o ( 8     
torm5tors4 ,if he is wise x w be ) !    
advocate ( ! driv5 well4 ,t solves = all
 "t any "q ( wat] supply4  ,be=e decid+ 
on a s\rce1 h[ev]1 consid] :at ! daily  
ne$s w be4 ,f long obs]vation1 x has be5
 f\nd t ! av]age c\ntry place requires  
fifty gallons ( wat] a day = ea* memb] (
 ! family1 s]vants includ$4 ,!n all[ =  
two extra p s t ! occasional gue/1 ^: k 
( wat] sy/ems beg9s & ends ) ! turn+ ( a
 faucet1 w n unduly deplete ! supply4 ,=
 example1 a family ( sev5 %\ld h a daily
 wat] supply ( f #djj to #ejj gallons   
dep5d+ on h[ mu* ent]ta9+ is done & h[  
ext5sive are ! outdoor uses4 ,?is       
all[ance w be ample = toilets1 ba?s1    
kit*5 & laundry1 z well z = mod]ate     

wat]+ ( ! g>d5 & lawn4 ,( c\rse1 if c>s 
are to be wa%$ regul>ly1 fifty gallons  
%\ld be add$ to ! daily dem&4 ,if !re is
 a swimm+ pool1 its capacity %\ld be    
figur$ by cubical cont5t multipli$ by   
sev5 & "o-half 7! numb] ( gallons to !  
cubic foot7 & all[ance made = f fifte5  
to tw5ty-five p] c5t fre% wat] daily4   
,! daily production ( a spr+ or drill$  
well c be easily gaug$4 ,a fl[ ( "o     
gallon a m9ute produces #a1ddj gallons 9
 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,9 o!r words1 a fl[ (  
t5 gallons a m9ute means #ad1djj gallons
 a day :i*1 at fifte5 gallons a ba? or  
%[]1 is en\gh wat] to wa% a regim5t f ! 
colonel to ! newe/ recruit4  ,e/imat+ ! 
daily production ( a %all[1 dug well is 
m difficult4 ,! numb] ( gallons /&+ 9 x 
c be obta9$ by us+ ! ma!matical =mula = 
! cont5ts ( a cyl9d]1 b only obs]vation 
w tell h[ quickly ! well repl5i%es      
itself :5 pump$ dry4 ,by long exp]i5ce1 
h[ev]1 c\ntry plumb]s h f\nd t if su* a 
well conta9s five feet ( wat] 9         
extremely dry wea!r1 x c be reli$ ^u = !

 ne$$ fifty gallons a day ea* = a family
 ( sev5 ) en\gh ov] = safety4  ,9 fact1 
) all wat] s\rces except an artesian or 
driv5 well1 ! "q always is1 w x la/ dur+
 an abnormally ra9less season8          
,nev]-fail+ spr+s & wells t nev] g dry  
are in/itutions 9 any c\ntryside4 ,s    
consult "s ( ! olde/ inhabitants4 ,!y "k
 & if !y give y\r well or spr+ a good   
"*1 ! *ances are t ev5 ! mo/ exact+ (   
families w f9d su* a wat] supply        
adequate4 ,:e!r x is pure or n is ano!r 
matt] b "o t c easily be det]m9$ by s5d+
 a sample to y\r /ate heal? dep>tm5t or 
a bact]iological laboratory4 ,t ?is %\ld
 be done be=e su* wat] is us$ = dr9k+   
purposes goes )\t say+4  ,! driv5 or    
artesian well has two po9ts t makes x   
wor? ! co/4 ,!re is no "q ( purity or ( 
quantity4 ,x taps subt]ranean wat] :i*  
is unaffect$ by local causes (          
contam9ation or by dr\ght4  ,! k9d (    
wat] sy/em1 l ! supply1 is gov]n$ by    
geography & geology4 ,if !re happ5s to  
be a spr+ on a ne>by hillside some:at   

high] ?an ! h\se1 nature has provid$ !  
*eape/ & simple/ sy/em4 ,a pipe l9e &   
/orage tank are all t are ne$$4 ,gravity
 does ! re/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! spr+ is 
on ! same level or l[] ?an ! h\se1 a    
pump mu/ be add$ to ! equipm5t to =ce ! 
wat] into ! pressure tank & out ( !     
faucets4 ,if ! spr+ has a l>ge fl[ &    
adequate dra9age1 a wat] ram is         
advisable4 ,) ?is hydraulic ma*9e1      
?ree-qu>t]s ( ! wat] t fl[s into x is   
us$ to =ce ! balance into ! /orage tank4
 ,! exp5se ( op]ation is no?+ & z wat]  
rams & pumps co/ ab\t ! same1 su* an    
in/allation has mu* to recomm5d x4  ,:5 
! se>* = wat] goes bel[ gr\nd1 "o mu/   
reckon ) geology4 ,:at lies bel[ ! turf 
is ! decid+ factor4 ,if x is s& & gravel
 ) a high wat] table 7! level (         
subt]ranean wat]71 an excell5t well c be
 _h *eaply4 ,! practice is ei!r to bore 
?r\gh to ! wat] table ) a man-op]at$    
aug] & !n ins]t ! pipe1 or to drive !   
latt] d[n ) a heavy sl$ge hamm]4 ,9 ei!r
 case1 wat] is b a few feet bel[ gr\nd &

 a %all[-well pump1 :i* c raise wat]    
tw5ty-two feet by suction1 w be         
adequate4  ,!re are two types ( well to 
be consid]$ ) less favorable subsoil    
=mations--! %all[ & ! artesian4 ,) ! =m]
 7kn[n to c\ntry p z a dug well7 a %aft 
f six to t5 feet across is dug ) pick & 
%ovel until adequate wat] is rea*$4 ,!n 
! %aft is l9$ ) /one laid )\t cem5t or  
mort> up to a few feet f ! top4 ,?is    
all[s wat] f ! surr\nd+ area to seep    
into ! well :]e x is reta9$ until x is  
drawn upw>d by ! pump4 ,x is obvi\s t a 
well ( ?is type _c be built ?r\gh l$ge  
or solid rock4 ,9 fact1 unusually l>ge  
b\ld]s sometimes =ce digg]s to ab&on a  
%aft & />t afre%4 ,an old h\se ) two or 
?ree ( ^! %all[ wells on ! premises     
s]ves notice on ! prospective buy] t    
repeat$ & probably unsuccessful attempts
 h be5 made to f9d a well t does n g    
dry4  ,dug wells are seldom deep] ?an   
fifty feet2 ! majority are b little     
beyond tw5ty-two feet1 ! suction limit =
 a %all[-well pump4 ,z is obvi\s f _!   

con/ruction1 !y dep5d on ! wat] 9 ! upp]
 lay]s ( ! subsoil & s are m readily    
affect$ by dry wea!r4 ,al?\gh n         
dr\ght-pro( l ! artesian1 a dug well1   
:i* co/s mu* less1 c be an excell5t wat]
 s\rce & supply amaz+ly l>ge quantities 
( wat]4  ,we h liv$ = t5 ye>s 9 a h\se  
s]v$ by a %all[ well cr$it$ ) be+ nev]  
fail+ & x has fai?fully liv$ up to its  
reputation1 ev5 ?r\gh ! drie/ ( seasons4
 ,once1 h[ev]1 x made real tr\ble4 ,ov] 
x /ood a picturesque lattic$ well h\se4 
,on "o ( ! beams a pair ( rob9s ne/$    
annually4 ,9 ! middle ( ! ?ird summ] !  
wat] develop$ a que] flavor4 ,x /eadily 
grew /rong] until "o night ! /eam aris+ 
f a hot ba? caus$ ! pajama-clad head ( !
 h\se to seize a fla%light & move ha/ily
 to ! well h\se4 ,"o beam ( light       
disclos$ ! horrid tru?4 ,float+ 9 ! wat]
 f> bel[ 7 two v dead fl$gl+s4  ,! next 
day a well clean] collect$ tw5ty-five   
doll>s = remov+ ! birds & pump+ out !   
well4 ,he also gave "s excell5t advice  
:i* 0 foll[$ promptly4 ,! well h\se1    

picturesque ?\gh x 01 gave way to a     
sub/antial masonry curb+ equipp$ ) a /\t
 wire cov]4 ,! peace ( m9d s ga9$ has m 
?an (fset ! trifl+ exp5se4 ,no long] ne$
 "o pe] fe>fully d[n a tw5ty-five foot  
%aft :5 a pet cat fails to %[ up = a    
meal1 or %oo away f ! spot !            
ov]-inquisitive (fspr+ ( visit+ fri5ds4 
,! drill$ well1 aga9/ :i* !re is no     
possible argum5t save t ( co/1 is made  
by bor+ a hole 9 ! gr\nd ) a p[]ful     
app>atus until suffici5t subt]ranean    
wat] is rea*$4 ,!re are two me?ods1 !   
*op & ! core drill4 ,) ! =m]1 a cutt+   
tool exactly l ! drill us$ to drive     
holes 9 rocks = bla/+1 only l>g]1 cuts a
 circul> hole d[nw>d4 ,! boom ( ! drill+
 rig z x raises & drops ! drill provides
 ! necess>y impact4 ,) ! core me?od1 z  
its "n implies1 a holl[ bor+ drill cuts 
its way aid$ by /eel %ot & a fl[ ( wat] 
=c$ ?r\gh ! pipe t rotates ! cutt+ tool4
  ,) ei!r me?od ! results are ! same4   
,soon] or lat] ! drill w rea* an        
und]gr\nd wat] c\rse ( suffici5t size to

 give an ample fl[4 ,z su* drill+ is    
done on a *>ge ( ?ree to five doll>s a  
foot1 ! own]1 ( c\rse1 hopes = soon]4   
,except :]e !re is an und]ly+ /ratum (  
s& or gravel b5ea? h>d pan1 ! drill has 
to g ?r\gh rock4 ,h[ f> dep5ds on ! k9d4
 ,s&/one is ! be/ wat] produc]2 lime/one
 yields v h>d wat]4 ,aga91 drill+ ?r\gh 
till 7a het]og5e\s mixture ( clay1      
gravel1 & b\ld]s7 may or may n locate   
wat] readily dep5d+ on h[ d5sely x is   
pack$4 ,! rocks kn[n z gneiss & s*i/ are
 readily bor$ & are consid]$ fair wat]  
be>]s4  ,granite is bad news4 ,x means  
sl[ "w & a deep & exp5sive well4 ,x is  
"o ( ! h>de/ rocks ) little wat] cont5t4
 ,! only hope is t ! drill w /rike a ve9
 fl[+ ?r\gh a fissure4 ,:e!r x w be at  
fifty or #ejj feet is a pure matt] (    
luck4 ,a dry well at #ajj feet may      
become a gu%] at #aje deliv]+ tw5ty     
gallons to ! m9ute1 or x may /ay dry =  
ano!r two to five hundr$ feet4  ,tales (
 well drill+ are _m & v>i$4 ,good pure  
wat] has be5 f\nd at fifte5 feet4 ,9    

,new ,hamp%ire !re is a well #ijj feet  
deep t gu%es s p[]fully t x is capp$ &  
/ill fl[s at =ty p\nds pressure4 ,x     
supplies an elaborate c\ntry place & a  
l>ge /ock f>m4 ,x is p]=mances l ^! t   
indicate ! wat] is !re if "o w j keep on
 drill+ & pay+ until x is rea*$4  ,:]e  
to locate a well is v mu* a matt] (     
guess4 ,ev5 9 ! ,sah>a ,des]t !re is    
wat]4 ,h[ f> d[n is ! "q4 ,= g5]ations  
mu* fai? 0 plac$ 9 div9]s4 ,!y 7        
suppos$ly end[$ ) "s occult tal5t t     
enabl$ !m to pick a sure spot = wat]4   
,!y 7 kn[n = miles ar\nd & 7 summon$ :5 
a new home/ead 0 "u consid]ation4 ,) a  
=k$ hazel w& held 9 bo? h&s1 su* an "o  
w\ld pace solemnly ar\nd until ! /ick   
gave a convulsive twi/ d[nw>d4 ,?is     
indicat$ t wat] 0 directly b5ea?4 ,!    
spot w\ld be rev]5tly m>k$2 ! div9] w\ld
 dep>t & ! well digg]s :o _h foll[$ 8   
p]=mance ) prop] awe w\ld beg9 "w4 ,z ! 
c]emony fail$ to /ipulate j h[ f> d[n ! 
preci\s liquid 01 a successful well 0   
presumably ! result4 ,! pr[ess ( ! well 

div9] is acclaim$ ev5 today by "s p1    
al?\gh sci5tific inve/igation has prov$ 
t 8 s]vices are wor? j ab\t z mu* z ^? (
 a wit* doctor4  ,aft] ! c\ntry home    
own] has att5d$ to ! little matt] ( a   
well1 be x old or new1 dug or drill$1 ! 
next /ep is in/all+ a pump4 ,if ! wat]  
level is less ?an tw5ty feet bel[ gr\nd1
 a %all[-well pump w be p]fectly        
adequate & z x is mu* less exp5sive ?an 
! m elaborate deep-well pump1 we        
recomm5d its use if possible4 ,mo/      
plumb]s inv>iably advise ! deep-well    
pump1 especially = driv5 wells4 ,!y d   
?is 9 all hone/y & ) no ult]ior motive4 
,!re is always a b>e *ance t ! wat]     
level may drop bel[ ! suction limit ( ! 
%all[ pump "u abnormal pressure4 ,if x  
does1 an irate cu/om] c desc5d on !     
luckless in/all] ( ! less exp5sive pump 
& cause g5]al unpleasantness if n loss (
 cu/om4  ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two k9ds 
( pump1 aside f price1 is t ) a         
%all[-well "o1 suction is produc$ 9 !   
cyl9d] ( ! pump itself1 :ile ! deep-well

 pump has its plung] & cyl9d] at !      
bottom ( ! well4 ,wat] is =c$ up ! pipe 
by ! up & d[n movem5t ( ! plung] )9 !   
cyl9d]4 ,?is plung] is connect$ to a    
ge>$ :eel by ! well-rod t ext5ds d[nw>d 
f well-head to cyl9d] 9 ! c5t] ( ! same 
pipe ?r\gh :i* ! wat] is =c$ upw>d4     
,because ( its design1 a deep-well pump 
mu/ always be locat$ directly above !   
well itself4 ,) a suction pump1 on ! o!r
 h&1 ! pipe f well to pump may b5d &    
turn to suit conditions4 ,^! %\ld be z  
few z possible s9ce ea* "r-angle b5d ( !
 pipe r$uces ! pump's suction p[] "o    
foot4  ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,place ,,=     
,,summ] ,,& ,,week-,,ends  ,rob]tson    
,w>d1 ar*itect4 ,photo by ,la ,ro*e  ,z 
= motive p[]1 electricity has di/9ct    
advantages ov] all o!r means4 ,! swit*  
op]at$ by pressure />ts ! pump :5 !     
supply ( wat] 9 ! /orage tank drops bel[
 a c]ta9 level1 & also /ops x :5 ! prop]
 volume has be5 rea*$4 7,t5 p\nds to />t
 ! pump & =ty or fifty to /op x are !   
usual adju/m5ts47 ,a nice little        

ref9em5t "h is ! in/allation ( a ?ird   
faucet at ei!r kit*5 or pantry s9k1 pip$
 direct to ! pump4 ,turn ?is & fre% wat]
 fl[s f ! well itself1 ?us consol+ any  
s5tim5tali/ ) visions ( a dripp+        
moss-cov]$ bucket4 ,also wat] s drawn   
seldom ne$s to be ic$4 ,9 summ] if !re  
are signs ( a ?und] /orm x is wise to   
op5 ?is same faucet4 ,x />ts ! pump & t 
automatically cont9ues until ! /orage   
tank is full4 ,!n1 if electric s]vice is
 cut (f by ! /orm1 ! h\sehold w h ample 
wat] until ! damage has be5 repair$4    
,if ! c\ntry home own] happ5s to live   
beyond rea* ( an electric light sy/em1  
he c put 9 8 own plant1 use a gasol9e   
eng9e = motive p[] or ev5 a h& pump4 ,a 
gasol9e eng9e %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be locat$ 9
 an outbuild+ & ! exhau/ pipe mu/ ext5d 
into op5 air because ( ! deadly fumes ( 
c>bon monoxide gas4 ,! h& pump is1 (    
c\rse1 ! simple/ & !re are sev]al       
excell5t ones to be _h4 ,!y are n z     
practical z !y s\nd1 h[ev]4  ,:5 we fir/
 b\ght our own c\ntry place we in/all$ a

 v good "o z !re 0 !n no electricity 9 !
 locality4 ,x work$ excell5tly--:5 any  
"o c\ld be f\nd to man x4 ,h&y m5 hir$ =
 odd jobs ar\nd ! gr\nds took x on = a  
set sum p] "t4 ,! labor turnov] 0       
unprec$5t$4 ,"o by "o !y ei!r resign$ )9
 a week or someh[ manag$ to =get all    
ab\t t pump+ job4 ,memb]s ( ! family    
press$ into s]vice /raightway became    
ard5t wat] sav]s1 & gue/s :o volunte]$  
gallantly someh[ nev]1 nev] came aga94  
,yet x 0 n an exhau/+ or complicat$     
task4 ,x 0 simply s monoton\s t x wore  
d[n ! mo/ phlegmatic nature4 ,s ! rural 
h\sehold] w d well to rememb] t1 aft]   
all1 ?is is a ma*9e age & gov]n himself 
accord+ly4  ,z = ! /orage tank1 ! mod]n 
practice is to place x "u gr\nd or 9 !  
cell>4 ,! old cu/om ( putt+ x 9 ! attic 
_h di/9ct disadvantages :5 an ov]fl[ or 
a leak occurr$ & ei!r /a9$ ! ceil+s or  
s5t !m cra%+ d[n on furniture & possibly
 occupants ( ! rooms bel[4  ,! be/ wat] 
sy/em1 h[ev]1 _c cope ) faucets         
?\ghtlessly left runn+4 ,ev5 ! l>ge/    

tank w ev5tually become empty & !n !re w
 be wat] = no "o until ! pump has       
repl5i%$ ! supply4 ,wa/e n1 want n is an
 excell5t motto = dwell]s 9 ! c\ntry1   
especially :]e wat] is conc]n$4         
,,sewage ,,safety  ,illu/ration         
,,*apt] ,x  ,,sewage ,,safety   ,among !
 problems :i* 8 m9iature municipality   
br+s to ! c\ntry h\se own] is !         
unromantic b necess>y "o ( sewage       
disposal4 ,9 a suburban area x is m]ely 
a matt] ( connect+ ! h\se to ! /reet ma9
 & pay+ high] taxes4 ,) ! c\ntry h\se1  
ea* own] mu/ cope ) ! "q = himself4 ,he 
_c leave x to *ance or delude himself t 
any old sy/em w s]ve4 ,"s hot ,augu/ day
 :5 8 h\se is fill$ ) gue/s1 ! make%ift 
disposal sy/em w sudd5ly cease to       
function & an o!rwise tactful gue/ w ask
 :e!r t que] smell is j "p ( ! regul>   
c\ntry air or :at4  ,( c\rse1 nobody    
?9ks ( dispos+ ( h\sehold wa/e by pip+ x
 to a brook or lett+ x fl[ d[n a s&y    
side hill "s di/ance f ! h\se4 ,^? 7 !  
me?ods ( ! ignorant & unsci5tific pa/4  

,! means ( disposal recomm5d$ by sanit>y
 exp]ts are ^? 9 :i* ! wa/es und]go a   
bact]ial f]m5tation :i* f9ally r5d]s !  
sewage odorless & h>mless4 ,x c be      
accompli%$ by a septic tank or a tight  
cesspool4 ,! latt] ) its two *amb]s is  
really a v>iety ( ! septic tank itself4 
,! fir/ vault is built ( /one or brick  
laid 9 mort> & cov]$ ) a coat ( wat]pro(
 cem5t4 ,) bo? supply & ov]fl[ pipes    
bel[ ! normal level ( ! liquids1        
b5eficial f]m5tation takes place 9 ?is  
comp>tm5t be=e ! liquids pass ov] into !
 second *amb] f :i* !y gradually seep   
into ! gr\nd4 ,su* an in/allation calls 
= m excavation & con/ruction ?an a      
septic tank &1 s9ce x accompli%es no?+ t
 _c be done ) ! latt]1 is only us$ :]e  
!re is n en\gh gr\nd area = ! disposal  
fields ( a septic tank4  ,! latt] is an 
air-tight cyl9drical or oblong conta9]  
plac$ bel[ gr\nd1 9 :i* raw sewage      
purifies itself by ! inh]5t bact]ia4 ,! 
fir/ /age takes place )9 ! tank & !     
second 9 ! por\s pipes t con/itute !    

disposal fields4 ,f ! mom5t h\sehold    
wa/es ent] ! tank1 f]m5tation beg9s its 
"w ( r$uc+ !m f noisome sewage to       
h>mless wat]4 ,bo? intake & outlet pipes
 ext5d bel[ ! level ( ! cont5ts1 ) a    
baffle plate across ! c5t] :i* prev5ts  
direct outw>d fl[4 ,! heavy solids s9k  
to ! bottom & ana]obic bact]ia1 :i*     
develop only :]e !re is no oxyg51 bre$  
rapidly & break ^! up s t !y rise to !  
top & provide ! ev] pres5t scum :i*     
excludes all air & /imulates f]m5tation 
( ! entire cont5t4 ,mean:ile1 liquid f !
 tank is fl[+ into ! disposal fields1   
:i* are por\s l& tile laid 9 %all[      
tr5*es & cov]$ ) e>? & sod4 ,"h "s air  
is pres5t & a]obic bact]ia 7^? :i* ?rive
 :]e !re is oxyg57 develop & complete ! 
process ( trans=m+ ! wa/es into cle>    
wat]4  ,in/all+ su* a sy/em is nei!r    
exp5sive nor complicat$4 ,! tank itself 
%\ld be l>ge en\gh to hold ! sewage ( a 
h\sehold = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,x c be b\ght
 ready to in/all1 or built ( brick or   
concrete4 ,ready-made tanks are to be _h

 ( /eel1 concrete1 or vitrifi$ tile4 ,we
 in/all$ "o ( /eel 7:i* is ! *eape/7 "s 
t5 ye>s ago & h f\nd x mo/ satisfactory4
 ,:5 x 0 deliv]$1 two husky truck-m5    
plac$ x at ! edge ( ! pit prep>$ = x by 
! wait+ plumb]4 ,!y exhibit$ "s         
curiosity & ! plumb] expla9$ briefly    
ab\t ! bact]ia & its action4  ,y mean "o
 ( ^! "h bugs is into x already8 ask$ "o
 ( !m z he appli$ an awe-/ruck eye to ! 
ap]ture 9 ! top4 ,he app>5tly expect$ to
 f9d an insect ak9 to a full-size       
cockroa* runn+ ar\nd inside1 & ei!r     
decid$ ! light 0 poor or t ! plumb] 0 a 
fir/-class li>1 = he w5t (f %ak+ 8 head 
d\btfully4  ,! size ( tank & l5g? (     
disposal field is entirely a matt] (    
size ( h\sehold4 ,on an av]age1 ! daily 
volume c be reckon$ on ! basis ( fifty  
gallons p] p]son &1 = e fifty gallons ( 
tank capacity1 !re %\ld be ?irty feet ( 
disposal field4 ,?us1 = a family (      
eight1 a tank ( five hundr$ gallons'    
capacity connect$ ) a disposal field (  
?ree hundr$ feet w be ample1 all[+ =    

gue/s z well4  ,9 in/all+ ?is sy/em1 !  
tank itself c be z ne> ! h\se z t5 or   
fifte5 feet b ! pip+ connect+ x ) ! soil
 l9e ( ! plumb+ %\ld be wat] tight4 ,!  
be/ way is to use f\r-in* ca/ iron pipe1
 calk+ all jo9ts ) oakum & lead4 ,at a  
conv5i5t po9t betwe5 h\se & tank1 ?is   
l9e ( pipe %\ld h a clean-out fitt+ s t 
rags1 solidifi$ grease1 or o!r sub/ances
 t might block x c be remov$4 ,sometimes
 vitrifi$ tile ) cem5t$ jo9ts is us$    
in/ead ( ca/-iron pipe2 b x has ! di/9ct
 disadvantage t1 if ! rootlets ( trees  
or l>ge %rubs1 attract$ by ! wat]1 f9d s
 mu* z a p9 hole 9 ! cem5t1 !y w gr[    
?r\gh & f9ally clog ! pipe4  ,f ! tank  
to ! disposal field1 ! fir/ ?ree or f\r 
l5g?s ( pipe %\ld be glaz$ tile ) tight 
cem5t jo9ts4 ,f ^! on1 ?ree or f\r in*  
por\s l& tile laid 9 %all[ tr5*es is    
us$4 ,= prop] action1 ! tr5*es ( ! field
 %\ld be n ov] eighte5 in*es deep s t ! 
w>m? & evaporation ( ! sun may be       
effective4 ,also 9 digg+ ^! tr5*es1 !re 
%\ld be a slight grade away f ! outlet (

 ! tank4 ,an in* to e t5 feet is        
adequate4  ,! bottom ( ! tr5*es is cov]$
 ) a two-in* lay] ( m$ium-siz$ cru%$    
/one or clean gravel4 ,on ?is re/ ! l&  
tile1 & ! jo9ts are cov]$ ) ro(+ pap] to
 prev5t bits ( /one or gravel f lodg+ )9
 ! pipe4 ,! latt] is cov]$ two in*es    
deep ) m /one or gravel & ov] all g     
l5g?s ( ro(+ pap] cut slightly wid] ?an 
! tr5* s t1 :5 9 place1 ! pap] ar*es &  
fits tightly to ! sides4 ,! purpose ( ! 
/one or gravel is to facilitate wat]    
seepage f tile to gr\nd :ile ! ro(+ pap]
 cov] prev5ts silt f r$uc+ ! seepage4   
,at ! t]m9us ( ea* tr5* is a lea*+ pool1
 built by digg+ a hole ab\t ?ree feet   
across & five feet deep4 ,x is fill$ )  
cru%$ /one or small rocks to ! level ( !
 tr5* pip+4 ,ov] x1 be=e replac+ ! dirt1
 goes ano!r piece ( ro(+ pap]4 ,into ^! 
pools dra9 :at wat] has n seep$ away 9  
fl[+ f ! tank4  ,z c be se5 f ! =ego+   
description1 ! f]m5tation & bact]ial    
action t takes place 9 a prop]ly built  
septic tank sy/em is automatic & ne$s no

 att5tion1 al?\gh e second or ?ird ye> x
 is advisable to remove ! mud-l s$im5t f
 ! tank4 ,o!rwise1 ! latt]'s capacity   
gradually dim9i%es4  ,! /eps involv$ 9  
build+ su* a sy/em are s simple t1 :ile 
! s]vices ( a plumb] are advisable1 x is
 possible = an intellig5t h&y man to d !
 "w4 ,be sure1 h[ev]1 t he realizes t   
ea* /ep is important & necess>y4 ,we    
knew ( "o o!rwise capable workman :o    
calmly omitt$ ! cru%$ /one & gravel 9 ! 
tile tr5*es4 ,! sy/em work$ well = ab\t 
f\r ye>s4 ,!n1 "o w>m & /icky day 9     
,july1 x ceas$ to function4 ,a plumb]   
demon/rat$ t ! tiles 7 clogg$ ) silt    
because ! b$ ( cru%$ /one _h be5 =gott54
 ,= a week ! h\se 0 sew]less :ile !     
c>eless %ort cut 0 rem$i$4 ,! h\sehold  
_h b two alt]natives1 take a vacation or
 g primitive4  ,h[ev]1 if a prop]ly     
in/all$ sy/em fails to "w1 ! cause lies 
9 :at x has to dige/4 ,too mu* grease or
 too /rong antiseptic solutions w r$uce 
or prev5t prop] f]m5tation4 ,wa/e grease
 %\ld !re=e g into ! g>bage c4 ,also1   

/rong doses ( g]m-kill+ solutions p\r$  
daily d[n s9k-dra9s & toilets c put !   
h>die/ septic tank out ( action4 ,!     
rem$y = su* misguid$ sanit>y ef=ts is   
simple4 ,turn on all ! faucets 9 ! h\se 
& s flu% ! tank ?or\ghly4 ,!n p\r d[n a 
toilet "o or two pails ( w>m wat] 9 :i* 
a doz5 cakes ( yea/ h be5 ?or\ghly      
dissolv$4 ,! bact]ia ( ! yea/ w         
re-e/abli% f]m5tation 9 ! tank & all w  
be well if no fur!r doses ( dis9fectants
 come along to int]f]e4  ,:5 "o /ops to 
consid]1 ! septic tank is a rem>kably   
simple & effective means ( be+ rid (    
h\sehold wa/es odorlessly & )\t         
contam9ation4 ,( c\rse1 su* a sy/em %\ld
 be plac$ z f> z possible f a wat] s\rce
 & ! disposal fields %\ld n be locat$ 9 
a l[1 damp gr\nd4 ,! dri] ! soil1 !     
bett]4 ,incid5tally1 a lawn :i* turns   
br[n dur+ ! dry wea!r ( summ] c         
frequ5tly be kept gre5 if wat]$ by su* a
 me?od4 ,! l9es ( ! disposal pipes c be 
laid 9 practically any patt]n desir$4   
,fan-%ap$ or ) p>allel lat]als is a     

favorite "o4 ,"h ! bran*es %\ld be s    
spac$ t !y are six feet ap>t4 ,?is w    
give pl5ty ( surr\nd+ e>? to absorb !   
moi/ure4  ,9 us+ ?is sy/em1 !re are two 
?+s to be> 9 m9d4 ,! action t goes on )9
 a septic tank w only dissolve pap] (   
tissue grade4 ,!re=e1 old b&ages1 pieces
 ( absorb5t cotton1 & ! l %\ld g into ! 
inc9]ator4 ,o!rwise1 !y w clog ! sy/em &
 a ?or\gh clean+ w be imp]ative4        
,secondly1 ! lead]s :i* c>e = ! wat] f !
 eaves _c be connect$ to x1 z entirely  
too mu* wat] w\ld fl[ into ! tank dur+  
/orms4  ,h[ev]1 !re are sev]al ways (   
tak+ c>e ( ! wat] %$ by ro(s dur+ heavy 
or protract$ ra9s4 ,9 "s localities :]e 
! supply ( wat] is excessively h>d or is
 s meag] t x is n suffici5t = all       
h\sehold purposes1 pipes f ! eaves are  
connect$ ) an und]gr\nd ci/]n1 ?us      
cons]v+ ! priz$ ra9 wat]4 ,o!rwise1 !   
common practice is simply to equip      
lead]s or d[n-sp\ts ) qu>t]-b5d sections
 at ! l[] ends to keep wat] away f !    
f\ndation4 ,?is is a *eap & easy way2 b 

if ! l& does n slope away f ! h\se en\gh
 s t ?is wat] dra9s rapidly1 pools & mud
 puddles are ! result4 ,worse /ill1 wat]
 may filt] ?r\gh f\ndation walls & leave
 a small lake 9 ! cell> aft] e heavy    
ra94 ,! disadvantages ( ! latt] are     
obvi\s4  ,! rem$y is a dry well = ea*   
d[n-sp\t4 ,!y are simple & inexp5sive1  
be+ small pits dug six to t5 feet away f
 f\ndation walls & rea*+ bel[ ! fro/    
l9e4 ,!y are fill$ to a dep? ( ab\t two 
feet ) brok5 /one1 fragm5ts ( brick1 or 
l mat]ial & connect$ ) ! d[n-sp\ts by   
glaz$ tile pipes4 ,a cov] ( ro(+ pap] is
 add$ & ! e>? !n replac$4 ,! ra9 wat] is
 ?us absorb$ bel[ gr\nd1 in/ead ( be+   
left to we> small gullies into an       
o!rwise well-kept lawn4  ,sometimes !   
cont\r ( l& ab\t ! h\se is su* t x      
resembles a relief map ( ! ,f+] ,lake   
c\ntry aft] ea* heavy ra9 or spr+       
fre%et4 ,subsurface dra9age is ! answ]4 
,9 o!r words1 a l9e ( l& tile l ! fields
 ( ! septic tank4 ,?r\gh x ?is mislocat$
 wat] may dra9 into a dry well1 op5     

dit*1 or ! gutt] along ! highway4       
,sev]al ye>s ago1 highway improvem5t    
pres5t$ u ) su* a problem4 ,! road gang 
put 9 a culv]t ?r\gh :i* fl[$ ! dra9age 
f a hill on ! opposite side ( ! road4   
,!re 0 no r$ress f ! ,t[n ,fa!rs4       
,te*nically ours 0 f>m l& & ! e/abli%$  
cu/om 0 t highway wat] c\ld w&] z x w\ld
 & dra9 z natural slope dictat$4 ,x 0 be
 flood$ or d some?+4 ,a subsurface dra91
 "s fifty feet long & connect$ ) ! gutt]
 ( an int]sect+ road1 took c>e ( ! lawn4
 ,= ! re/ ( ! wat] to :i* we 7 made heir
 by ! same fit ( highway bett]m5t1 two  
local odd-job speciali/s dug an op5 tr5*
 across a little-us$ field4 ,x t]m9at$  
at an old subsurface dra9age l9e        
con/ruct$ ye>s ago :5 "s "o1 :o _h !    
gift1 br\ght =? f9e crops ( corn1       
potatoes1 & beans !re4  ,!re is ano!r   
dra9age problem t conc]ns mosquitoes1   
mo/ exasp]at+ ( all summ] pe/s4 ,^!     
insects fly b %ort di/ances4 ,m>%y l& & 
/agnant pools are _! bre$+ places4 ,if !
 latt] _c be dra9$1 oil spray+ is !     

alt]native & t is "w = a pr(essional4   
,aga9 an old rubbi% heap1 replete ) t9  
cans & o!r disc>ds t w hold wat]1 (f]s m
 enc\ragem5t to mosquitoes ?an is       
g5]ally realiz$4 ,c>t all su* rubbi%    
away or bury x2 !n y c dr9k y\r         
aft]-d9n] c(fee 9 peace on t]race or    
lawn1 or enjoy ! coolness ( ev5+ dew    
aft] a bli/]+ hot day 9 ! city4         
,,decorations ,,& ,,furni%+s            
,illu/ration     ,,*apt] ,,xi           
,,decorations ,,& ,,furni%+s   ,!       
decorations & furni%+s ( a h\se dep5d   
l>gely on its /yle ( ar*itecture & !    
own]'s ta/e4 ,fur!r1 if 9 any d\bt1 x is
 bett] to d too little ?an too mu*4 ,"u 
su* circum/ances1 too1 an int]ior       
decorator is helpful2 b don't dump y\r  
problem 9 h] lap & take a trip some:]e4 
,:5 y return1 a beautifully decorat$ &  
furni%$ h\se1 correct 9 e detail1 may   
greet y4 ,!re may ev5 be a few pieces ( 
! furniture y br\ght f ! city home      
scatt]$ ab\t1 b x won't be y\r h\se     
because y w h done no?+ except foot !   

bill4  ,homes evolve4 ,!y are n pull$1  
rabbit-l1 out ( a hat4 ,:5 y build a    
h\se1 ! ar*itect makes x y\rs by gett+ a
 ^w picture ( y\r ideas & pull+ !m d[n  
to e>? 9 a s]ies ( bus9ess-l bluepr9ts4 
,if y\r ideas reg>d+ decoration are     
nebul\s1 a good int]ior decorator c help
 to make !m concrete4 ,d n dep5d on h]  
completely1 h[ev]1 because y are anxi\s 
t ?is c\ntry home %\ld be j "r & y are  
afraid ( mak+ mi/akes4 ,!re is no?+ f9al
 ab\t !m & x is bett] to make a few & h 
a place t seems l y\r own home1 r ?an   
atta9 p]fection & f9d y\r family w&]+   
ar\nd ! rooms ) t imp]sonal1 slightly   
bor$ look worn by ! av]age visitor to a 
p]fect home display 9 a dep>tm5t /ore4  
,! e>ly ,am]ican 0 n afraid ( color 9 8 
home4 ,8 fondness = x is evid5c$ by #ag?
 & #ah? c5tury rooms on display 9 v>i\s 
museums ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry & 9 ! gr[+     
numb] ( h\se museums t h be5 re/or$ to  
orig9al condition4 ,look+ at a few ( ^! 
w help to cry/allize y\r own ideas4 ,y w
 notice t _! furni%+s are by no means   

limit$ to ! ye> 9 :i* !y 7 built or ev5 
! c5tury4 ,a good example ( ?is is to be
 f\nd 9 a late #ag? c5tury h\se museum1 
kn[n z ,m>lpit ,hall1 locat$ on ,k+s    
,highway1 ,middlet[n1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,"h  
two nationalities actually m+le1 s9ce ! 
ext]ior ) its details ( ro( & gable     
w9d[s & two-"p doors %[ ! ,dut*         
influ5ce1 :ile ! woodwork )9 is ,engli% 
9 feel+4 ,x is n a v l>ge h\se b e room 
has a diff]5t color s*eme4 ,! re/or]s   
discov]$ ! orig9al colors & reproduc$   
!m2 n[ ! old blue-gre51 light p9k1 apple
 gre51 yell[1 tones ( r$1 & ! l =m a    
p]fect backgr\nd = ! furni%+s :i* date f
 late 9 ! #ag? c5tury until well into ! 
#ah?4  ,= in/ance1 9 ! d9+ room a       
gate-leg table ( ! ,puritan ye>s has    
settl$ d[n com=tably ) a set ( ,w9dsor  
*airs t are probably a hundr$ ye>s      
y\ng]4 ,o!r rooms are furni%$ ) ,william
 & ,m>y & ,que5 ,anne pieces s arrang$ z
 to appe> to be wait+ = ! own]s (       
,m>lpit ,hall1 9 its heyday1 to come    
back4 ,up/airs are b$rooms ) f\r-po/ b$s

 ( v>y+ ages m+l$ ) o!r furni%+s t are 9
 h>mony1 ?\gh n necess>ily ( ! same     
p]iod4  ,?is is a v fair example ( an   
,e>ly ,am]ican home :]e two or m        
g5]ations 7 born1 liv$1 & di$4 ,9 ^?    
days ! av]age citiz5 did n disc>d 8 home
 furni%+s j because !y w5t out ( /yle4  
,he mov$ !m to less important rooms &   
b\ght z he c\ld af=d ( new pieces made 9
 ! neate/ & late/ fa%ion4  ,! home own] 
today c well plan to use :at he has1    
mak+ a few additions z he & 8 h\se      
become bett] acqua9t$4 ,if he has a     
numb] ( ,ori5tal rugs & "s memb] ( 8    
family has a fix$ idea t ^? ( ! hook$   
v>iety are ! only k9d suitable = a      
c\ntry home1 let him buy "o or two good 
hook$ rugs1 9 ! int]e/s ( peace1 & lay  
!m d[n ) 8 ,ori5tals4 ,bo? w be f\nd 9  
h>mony because bo? h ! same basic idea1 
skillful weav+ ( colors into a di/9ct b 
v>iegat$ patt]n4 ,besides1 ! ,am]ican   
coloni/s1 indu/ri\s z !y 71 did n dep5d 
solely on ! "w ( _! h&s = floor cov]+s &
 o!r accessories4 ,ori5tal rugs or      

,turkey c>pets1 z !y 7 !n call$1 7 us$  
"h 9 ! late #ag? & e>ly #ah? c5turies4  
,!y 7 popul> 9 ,engl&1 also1 z is %[n by
 ,hog>?'s draw+s4  ,9 fact1 mo/ h\se    
furni%+s are surpris+ly adaptable4 ,z ) 
p1 x is l>gely a matt] ( br++ out _!    
pleas+ traits & subdu+ _! unattractive  
aspects4 ,a qua9t piece ( bric-a-brac t 
0 a misfit 9 ! city ap>tm5t may look j  
"r on ! corn] ( ! liv+ room mantel 9 y\r
 c\ntry home4 ,! old spode platt] t     
repos$ almo/ =gott5 on ! top %elf ( a   
closet may come into its own on ! ,wel% 
dress] ( y\r d9+ room4 ,! same holds )  
pictures1 mirrors1 & clocks4  ,z =      
furniture1 don't disc>d a com=table     
piece t y l j because x doesn't seem to 
fit into ! s*eme ( decoration4 ,a *air  
or a s(a t appe>s to qu>rel viol5tly )  
all o!r pieces 9 a room c (t5 be made to
 con=m by a *ange 9 uphol/]y1 or 9 cases
 ( extreme ugl9ess1 ) a slip cov] (     
heavy *9tz1 d5im1 or rep4  ,y see t     
*air1 said "o c\ntry h\se own]1 a few   
mon?s aft] settl+ 9 8 new home4 ,sallie 

has ?r[n out e /ick ( furniture we _h :5
 we fir/ w5t to h\sekeep+ except t4 ,%e 
keeps mov+ x ar\nd f "o spot to ano!r b 
s f> has kept x because ,i l a com=table
 *air to drop d[n 9 :5 ,i come home at  
night4 ,if ,i f9d x gone "s day ,i %all 
"k x is "t = me to move on also4        
,illu/ration3 ,,true ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury
 ,,simplicity4 ,,n[ ,,! ,,au?or',s ,,d9+
 ,,room  ,photo by ,john ,runyon  ,!    
piece 0 an av]age example ( ! ov]/uff$1 
lea!r-uphol/]$ era4 ,x is /ill "p ( !   
family furni%+s b x has m]g$ quietly &  
in(f5sively ) its bett] born companions4
 ,pla9 musl9 has tak5 ! place ( ! lea!r 
& ov] x has be5 fitt$ a heavy slip cov] 
( sage gre5 rep4 ,no "o exclaims ov] its
 beauty b ev]ybody sits 9 x1 ev5 ! mo/  
ard5t admir] ( ! delicate ,hepple:ite   
side *air /&+ ne>by4  ,?is br+s u to !  
"q ( :e!r ! additions 9 furniture %\ld  
be antiques1 reproductions1 or mod]n    
pieces4 ,aga91 ?is dep5ds on ! type (   
h\se & ! ta/e ( ^? :o occupy x4 ,! p]son
 :o buys or builds ! salt box or simil> 

type ( cottage w naturally want !       
furni%+s 9 keep+4 ,consci\sly or        
unconsci\sly1 he w lean t[>ds antiques4 
,fur!r1 ^? t look be/ 9 ! #ah? or e>ly  
#ai? c5tury f>m cottage are n necess>ily
 exp5sive4 ,simple p9e pieces1 made by !
 village cab9et-mak] or1 sometimes1 by  
an +5i\s f>m] 9 8 leisure h\rs2 ,w9dsor 
& slat-back *airs2 l[ f\r-po/ b$s2      
tre/le or tuckaway tables2 ev5 an       
occasional ,victorian piece2 all1 if on 
simple l9es1 fit into su* a h\se z ?\gh 
made = x4  ,"o ( ! _m advantages (      
furni%+ ) antiques is t !re is no?+ f9al
 ab\t !m4 ,if y buy a piece at a prop]  
price & aft] due "t d n l x or x fails  
to fit into y\r decorative s*eme1 y c   
sell = z mu* z y paid = x & (t5 a little
 m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 new furniture or      
reproductions become m]ely second-h&    
pieces z soon z y h b\ght & put !m to   
use4 ,only at di/9ct f9ancial loss c y  
*ange !m 9 six mon?s or a ye> = o!rs4 ,t
 is a good comm]cial reason = ! gr[+    
t5d5cy to furni% ) antiques4 ,we        

believe1 h[ev]1 t ! real reason is !    
effect ( individuality ga9$ by ! use (  
pieces made by old craftsm5 a c5tury or 
m ago :5 ?+s 7 built to la/ & mass      
production & obsolesc5ce 7 unkn[n t]ms4 
,sev]al ye>s ago1 a family b\ght a h\se 
( ! type preval5t 9 ! region ( ,cape    
,cod1 ,massa*usetts1 z a summ] %ack =   
?ree or f\r mon?s 9 ! ye>4 ,! floors )  
_! wide bo>ds 7 simply scrubb$1 wax$1 & 
left 9 ! natural tone tak5 on by old    
wood 9 ! c\rse ( a hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 
,all trim & panel+ 7 pa9t$ a s(t apple  
gre51 & walls & ceil+s ?r\gh\t 7        
calcim9$ a deep cream color4 ,curta9s ( 
unblea*$ musl9 7 hung at ! small1       
_m-pan$ w9d[s4 ,! furni%+s came out ( ! 
attic ( _! ,bo/on home :]e ! cont5ts ( a
 great-gr&fa!r's ,new ,hamp%ire f>mh\se 
_h be5 /or$4  ,^! 7 ! av]age            
accumulation ( family possessions f !   
turn ( ! #ai? c5tury d[n ?r\gh ! ,civil 
,w> p]iod4 ,!re 0 a p9e tav]n table1    
#ag? c5tury 9 feel+ b made ne>ly two    
hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,x _h be5 us$ 9 !     

summ] kit*5 & bore ! sc>s ( h>%         
treatm5t4 ,a skillful cab9et-mak] re/or$
 x to a condition suitable = a d9+      
table4 ,at ?is po9t1 ! antiqu>ian ( !   
family spoke wi/fully ( "s nice little  
rod-back ,w9dsors t ,c\s9 ,julie made (f
 ) :5 ! old home/ead 0 brok5 up "s tw5ty
 ye>s & h[ !y w\ld be j "r = d9+ room   
*airs "h4  ,b all 7 agre$ t ! attic     
cont5ts 7 to furni% =? ! ,cape ,cod     
cottage ) no unnecess>y additions4 ,"h 7
 eight cane-seat$ *airs ( ! late ,empire
 ye>s4 ,f\r _h be5 pa9t$ a dirty br[n to
 simulate black walnut2 f\r repres5t$ ! 
:ite enamel blight :i*1 9 turn1 _h *ipp$
 en\gh to display ! gra9$ pa9t+ ( !     
gold5 oak ye>s b5ea?4 ,a scrap] appli$  
to a leg reveal$ ! mell[ tone (         
honey-color$ maple4 ,pati5ce & pa9t     
remov] did ! re/4 ,br\ght up 9 ! natural
 f9i%1 !y bl5d$ beautifully ) ! old p9e 
table & h be5 mu* admir$4 ,yet !y 7 only
 ne>-antiques1 made by e>ly factory     
me?ods ab\t #ahej4  ,s x w5t4 ,old p9e  
bureaus1 an "u-eaves b$1 "o or two      

f\r-po/]s1 late b ) simple urn-%ap$     
f9ials & /ill cov]$ ) ! old ,new ,engl& 
r$ fill]1 two or ?ree *]ry light /&s1 & 
sev]al slat-back *airs w5t f> t[>ds     
furni%+ ! b$rooms4 ,! liv+ room1 9 spite
 ( two or ?ree good tables & ladd]-back 
& ,w9dsor arm*airs1 appe>$ to be ?reat5$
 ) a w>r+ elem5t 9 ! %ape ( a r$ plu%   
,victorian s(a & mat*+ arm*air4 ,bo? 7  
ugly b com=table4 ,*9tz slip cov]s *ang$
 !m f blatant mon/rosities to backgr\nd 
bl5d+ items ( hom9ess4  ,skillful gr\p+1
 pl5ty ( color1 & simplicity produc$ a  
highly pleas+ :ole t caus$ m ?an "o gue/
 to exclaim1 ,^! ?+s look z ?\gh !y grew
 9 ! h\se4 ,yet !re 0 n a piece ( museum
 quality 9 ! lot4 ,_m ( !m c\ld n ev5 be
 class$ z antiques4 ,!y 7 simply ! k9d (
 ?+s t ! orig9al own] ( ! h\se & 8      
desc5dants w\ld h be5 apt to accumulate 
& use ?r\gh ! ye>s4 ,b x is ^? plus !   
associations1 real or imag9>y1 t make ! 
diff]5ce betwe5 a home & a h\se4 ,!     
orig9al own] c\ld1 ( c\rse1 h own$ f9]  
pieces su* z a butt]fly table1 a maple  

or *]ry highboy1 a high-po/ b$ ) hang+s 
( crewel-"w1 a small curly maple &      
mahogany sidebo>d1 v>i\s *e/s ( draw]s &
 light /&s made ( *]ry & neatly ornam5t$
 ) inlay4 ,c\ntry cab9et-mak]s 7 z f9e  
arti/s z ^? :o cat]$ to ! urban ta/e b  
_! public 0 satisfi$ ) simple pieces &  
!y wr\ght accord+ly4  ,calcim9$ walls & 
ne>-antique furni%+s are1 naturally1 n !
 only means ( produc+ a homey effect4   
,_! *ief m]it lies 9 ! fact t !y are    
effective1 inexp5sive1 & easily *ang$4  
,no matt] h[ pleas+ ! tone1 pla9        
calcim9$ walls w probably pall aft] a   
:ile1 b by t "t ! home own] w "k :e!r   
pap] or pa9t is ! bett] treatm5t4 ,) an 
old h\se1 ei!r is hi/orically correct4  
,! e>lie/ 71 ( c\rse1 primitive affairs 
) walls ( r\gh pla/] or fea!r-bo>d      
panel+ 9 natural wood color4 ,by ! #ah? 
c5tury1 pa9t 0 already be+ us$ =        
decorat+ bo?4 ,"h ! wall treatm5t 0 n   
limit$ to a pla9 color b 0 v>i$ by /5cil
 designs4 ,a geometric patt]n 0 usual4  
,!n came wall pap]s ( geometric or sc5ic

 design4  ,?us1 x is = ! h\sehold] to   
decide j :at mann] ( decoration he wi%es
 to live )4 ,= in/ance1 a panel$ room   
may be f9i%$ 9 ! natural wood or pa9t$4 
,! latt] 0 cu/om>y 9 colonial days z    
life became easi] & money m pl5tiful4   
,p]sonally we consid] pa9t$ panel+1     
trim1 & o!r woodwork pleasant] & less   
monoton\s to live ) day 9 & day out b t 
is a matt] ( individual ta/e4 ,9 ! la/  
analysis x is n :at 8 neighbor likes1 x 
is :at ! home own] himself wants to live
 ) t really matt]s4  ,9 *oos+ wall pap]1
 "o is limit$ by ! type & size ( room to
 be s decorat$4 ,y may h a weakness = ! 
old ,fr5* sc5ic pap]s depict+1 9 l>ge   
squ>es1 hi/oric or sport+ ev5ts4 ,^! are
 mo/ effective 9 ! l>ge c5tral halls ( !
 m =mal c\ntry home b produce a di/9ctly
 odd appe>ance 9 ! t9y1 l[-ceil+$ rooms 
( ! /ory-&-a-half f>mh\se4 ,"h small    
patt]ns & designs t t5d to make ! rooms 
look l>g] mu/ rule4  ,ov]-fussy curta9s 
& drap]ies at ! w9d[s %\ld also be      
avoid$4 ,we well rememb] an o!rwise *>m+

 little place :]e ! use ( color & type (
 furni%+s 0 mo/ skillful4 ,"o exp]i5c$ a
 curi\s s5se ( gloom & /uff9ess1 ?\gh1  
ev5 at midday4 ,a glance at ! w9d[s     
expla9$ x4 ,!y 7 ( ! #ah? c5tury f>mh\se
 type & into _! #db by #bh in* dim5sions
 _h be5 cr[d$ ! mod]n roll] %ade1 fussy 
ruffl$ dimity curta9s & heavily l9$ *9tz
 drap]ies surm\nt$ by a six-in* valance6
 ,) all ^!1 ! ap]ture left = light & air
 0 limit$ inde$4  ,an able int]ior      
decorator c\ld h controll$ ! ov]-zeal\s 
drap]y buy] or %e c\ld h f\nd out =     
h]self by a little indep5d5t /udy (     
prop] w9d[ treatm5t = a h\se ( t type4  
,9 o!r words1 :atev] ! k9d ( h\se1      
rememb] t w9d[s are int5d$ to let 9     
light & air4 ,bo? con/itute excell5t    
reasons = liv+ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,prop]       
curta9s & drap]ies l5d a s(t5+ & pleas+ 
effect b1 z 9 a /age sett+1 !y are only 
props & mu/ n be all[$ to dom9ate !     
sc5e4  ,fur!r1 9 furni%+ or decorat+ any
 h\se x is an excell5t idea to try &    
visualize ! type ( furni%+s two or ?ree 

g5]ations liv+ !re w\ld normally h      
accumulat$4 ,we h already allud$ at "s  
l5g? to ! f>m cottage type because1 l ! 
common p1 !y are m num]\s4 ,b 9 ! old   
c\ntry neighborhoods !re 0 ne>ly always 
! man ( affairs :o knew h[ to make money
 & 0 prone to build a h\se z h&some z 8 
purse c\ld af=d4 ,he 0 ! squire ( 8     
vic9ity & 8 h\se surpass$ all o!rs 9    
size & ornam5tal detail4 ,if y h acquir$
 su* a h\se1 its furni%+s mu/ be 9      
accord4 ,h&some antiques & ambiti\s     
reproductions g well 9 su* a sett+4 ,or 
x may be t y\r fancy runs to an ultra   
mod]n /ructure ) int]ior decorations &  
furni%+s 9 keep+4 ,y\r h\se is !n its   
own ance/or & only "t w det]m9e :e!r su*
 a s*eme we>s well4  ,:atev] y *oose1   
take ! furni%+s be/ suit$1 arrange !m z 
pleases y1 & proce$ to live ) !m4 ,if y 
l ! g5]al effect & are "o ( ^? p :o l   
?+s to /ay put1 probably "o c ent] y\r  
liv+ room fifte5 ye>s h5ce & f9d ! w+   
*air f ! ,m>itime ,prov9ces /ill /&+ 9 !
 nor!a/ corn] ) a small tav]n table on !

 "r2 ! hook$ rug ) geometric c5t] /ill 9
 front ( ! fireplace2 ! ,%]aton table ) 
mirror ov] x at its accu/om$ place      
betwe5 ! two s\? w9d[s2 & s =?4  ,on !  
o!r h&1 if y are ( ! re/less type1      
in/ead ( ?r[+ ev]y?+ out & beg9n+ ov]   
aga91 y w h p]iodic attacks ( re>rang+1 
realign+ c]ta9 accessories1 add+ some?+ 
new1 or disc>d+ "s item b\ght 9 an      
em]g5cy = some?+ m 9 keep+ ) y\r *ang+  
ideas or mann] ( liv+4 ,we confess t ?is
 is "o ( our pleasante/ pa/imes4 ,x     
takes v little to />t u (f4 ,an old     
,p5nsylvania ,dut* cupbo>d1 /ripp$ d[n  
to ! orig9al blue & induct$ into an     
apple-gre5 d9+ room1 obvi\sly calls = a 
f9e orgy ) pa9t & :itewa%2 a gild$      
,%]aton mirror or ano!r oil pa9t+       
involves g5]al commotion & (t5 complete 
re>rangem5t ( ! liv+ room4 ,all ?is is v
 pa9ful = ^? :o don't l *ange2 b1 = u1 x
 helps to answ] ! "q s (t5 prop\nd$ by  
innoc5t city visitors1 ,:at d y d )     
y\rselves 9 su* a quiet spot8     ,,!   
,,factory ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,h\se           

,illu/ration     ,,*apt] ,,xii  ,,!     
,,factory ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,h\se   ,! ,e>ly
 ,am]ican kit*5 0 ! mo/ important room 9
 ! h\se4 ,"h ! family sp5t mo/ ( its    
wak+ h\rs4 ,"h ! food 0 cook$1 s]v$1 &  
eat52 ! sp9n+ & weav+ done2 ! c&les =   
light+ ! h\se p\r$ into molds4 ,x 0 !   
w>me/ room 9 w9t] & ar\nd its he>? !    
family ga!r$ bo? = "w & recreation4     
,*e]ful & pleasant x und\bt$ly 01 b !re 
0 little idea ( mak+ "w easy or sav+    
/eps4 ,today we may furni% our liv+     
rooms 9 ! #ah? c5tury mann]1 put #ag?   
c5tury dress]s 9 our d9+ rooms1 & hang  
,betty lamps & o!r qua9t devices ar\nd !
 fireplace2 b :5 x comes to ! kit*51 we 
/ep =w>d into ! #bj? c5tury & are well  
cont5t4 ,we h he>d ( en?usia/s :o       
occasionally cook an entire meal 9 a    
fireplace & insi/ t x is f> sup]ior to  
any done by mod]n me?ods2 b ev5 ^!      
devotees ( old ways pale at ! ?\ght (   
?ree meals a day1 ?ree hundr$ &         
sixty-five days 9 ! ye>1 s prep>$4      
,today's kit*51 /ripp$ ( accessories &  

talk+ po9ts1 is ess5tially a laboratory 
:]e semi-prep>$ food /uffs are process$ 
= consumption4 ,! automobile indu/ry has
 demon/rat$ to ! nation :at rem>kable   
?+s c be done by hav+ labor conditions &
 prop] tools on a logical tra9 (        
production4 ,) no wa/e ( human ef=t1 no 
runn+ back & =?1 "w />ts at "o end ( !  
assembly *a91 & (f ! o!r1 9 ab\t two    
h\rs1 comes a new c>4 ,9 ! same way1 a  
prop]ly plann$ kit*5 elim9ates wa/e /eps
 &1 ) pl5ty ( light & air1 becomes a    
pleasant place to "w4  ,9 ?is dome/ic   
laboratory1 "o expects1 ( c\rse1 to f9d 
a cook /ove ( "s sort1 a s9k1 a         
refrig]ator1 a kit*5 cab9et or comp\nd+ 
b5*1 a table1 & pl5ty ( /orage space4 ,)
 ! assembly idea 9 m9d1 h ^! s plann$ t 
! "w ( cook+ ?ree meals a day progresses
 logically f ! s]vice or deliv]y        
entrance to ! doorway ( ! d9+ room4 ,be 
sure1 too1 t add$ work+ space is        
available 9 ! ev5t ( d9n] p>ties or l>g]
 =ms ( ent]ta9m5t4 ,! sav+ on temp]s1   
f9e *9a1 & glass w be well wor? x4 ,9   

o!r words1 h ?is mo/ important work+    
room compact b n too small4  ,z an      
example we cite ano!r ( our own errors 9
 judgm5t4 ,hav+ be5 br\ght up 9 a h\se )
 a l>ge old-fa%ion$ kit*5 :]e ! luckless
 cook walk$ miles 9 p]=m+ h] cul9>y     
duties1 we w5t to ! o!r extreme4 ,! room
 orig9ally design$ = ! kit*5 ) its l>ge 
old fireplace & sunny s\!rn exposure 0  
imm$iately *os5 = ! d9+ room4 ,directly 
back ( x 0 ! old pantry :i*1 )\t b5efit 
( ar*itectural advice1 we decid$ to fit 
up z a kit*54 ,x 0 a good idea except = 
! fact t ! room 0 really too small1     
especially = ! type ( hospitality t     
rules 9 ! c\ntry4 ,to be sure1 by mov+ a
 p>tition a little & by remodel+ a small
 lean-to t adjo9$ x1 suffici5t /orage & 
work+ space 0 add$ to make conditions   
tol]able2 b x is at be/ a make%ift & !  
answ] is1 ev5tually1 a prop]ly design$  
s]vice w+1 ar*itecturally 9 keep+ ) !   
#ah? c5tury b me*anically mod]n4 ,ev5 "u
 ^! make%ift conditions1 h[ev]1 !       
assembly idea has be5 foll[$ & ?is      

some:at mitigates ! drawback ( contract$
 space4  ,! mo/ important tool 9 a kit*5
 is obvi\sly ! cook+ range4 ,"h ! c\ntry
 dwell] has a *oice ( bottl$ gas1       
electricity1 or oil z fuels4 ,:at he    
decides to use may dep5d on p]sonal     
pref]5ce1 availability1 or co/ ( in/all+
 & op]at+4 ,:]e s]vice is dep5dable & a 
reasonable cook+ rate prevails1 !re is  
no bett] me?od ( cook+ ?an by           
electricity4 ,clean1 odorless & easily  
regulat$1 its advantages are obvi\s4 ,b 
no electric light & p[] company c af=d  
to run its cables und]gr\nd 9 ! c\ntry4 
,! s]vice l9es are on poles & ext5d ov] 
a l>ge area4 ,nature has no reg>d = !   
conv5i5ce ( ei!r ! company or its       
patrons4 ,a ?und]bolt may knock out a   
trans=m]1 or a tree may be bl[n d[n &   
c>ry ne>by electric l9es ) x4 ,repair m5
 are cont9ually on ! job ) a well-run   
company & "w spe$ily & fai?fully b !y _c
 be ev]y:]e at once4 ,s]vice may be     
int]rupt$ = t5 m9utes or = sev]al h\rs4 
,9 su* em]g5cies1 x is well to h a /op  

gap1 su* z an inexp5sive two-burn] oil  
/ove4 ,x may n be us$ m ?an twice a ye> 
b x is !re :5 ne$$4  ,! devotees ( !    
tank gas me?od ( cook+ are _m4 ,x works 
! same z gas f city ma9s except t y\r   
supply is pip$ 9 f an individual tank   
:i* is in/all$ outside ! h\se & repl5i%$
 mon?ly by ! company supply+ su* fuel4  
,! initial co/ plus in/allation &       
op]ation ab\t equals t ( electricity b  
no cataclysm ( nature w cause x to fail4
  ,*eape/ ( all is ! k]os5e oil /ove4   
,^! range all ! way f ! mode/ two-burn] 
table /ove to ! pret5ti\s six-burn] type
 ) insulat$ ov5 & porcela9 f9i%4        
,gasol9e burn+ ranges are also to be _h 
on ?is ord]4 ,! initial co/ ( ev5 ! mo/ 
elaborate oil or gasol9e /ove is        
consid]ably less ?an = "o design$ = ei!r
 electricity or bottl$ gas & ! exp5se ( 
op]ation is also less4 ,b !y h c]ta9    
disadvantages4 ,) ! be/ ( managem5t !re 
is a slight odor4 ,if out ( adju/m5t !y 
smoke or g out & !y are unpleasant to   
clean4 ,fur!r1 al?\gh we /ruggl$ ) "o = 

sev5 ye>s1 we nev] f\nd any satisfactory
 means ( broil+ meat ) oil z a fuel4    
,no family reli%es ! idea ( hav+        
port]h\se or sirlo9 /eaks tak5 "r out ( 
_! lives1 s "s o!r device is necess>y1  
su* z a *>coal broil] or ! old-fa%ion$1 
long-h&l$ broil] held ov] ! fireplace   
coals or1 9 w9t]1 ^? ( ! furnace4 ,"o   
may argue brightly t meat cook$ by ^!   
primitive me?ods has a sup]ior flavor1 b
 x is def9itely ve]+ away f ! assembly  
idea & mo/ c]ta9ly does n make = h>mony 
9 ! kit*54 ,if a *>coal broil] is       
employ$1 someh[ x nev] rea*es ! prop]   
/ate ( inc&esc5ce at ! "r "t4 ,if !     
fireplace is ! sc5e ( op]ation1 x is    
inv>iably a ro>+ inf]no at ! "t ! /eak  
%\ld be cook$4 ,"o waits = ! desir$ b$ (
 coals1 ( c\rse1 :ile om9\s head %ak+s &
 rumbl+s f ! kit*5 proclaim t ! re/ ( ! 
d9n] is done1 is dri$ up1 is ru9$4      
,tw5ty ye>s ago coal or wood burn+ /oves
 7 usual 9 c\ntry homes4 ,!y 7          
disagreeable to t5d & 9 summ] made an   
uncom=tably hot kit*54 ,b t same heat 0 

mo/ acceptable 9 w9t] wea!r4 ,= a kit*5 
n too well heat$ by ! ma9 h\se sy/em1   
!re are ranges t comb9e coal &          
electricity4 ,?us1 9 w9t] !y s]ve !     
d\ble purpose ( a cook+ tool & heat     
produc+ unit & also help r$uce !        
electric light bill at ! season ( ! ye> 
:5 x t5ds to be heavie/4  ,illu/ration3 
,,entirely ,,new1 ,,b ,,) ,,all ,,!     
,,*>m ,,( ,,an ,,old ,,h\se  ,rob]tson  
,w>d1 ar*itect4 ,photo by ,samuel ,h4   
,gotts*o  ,:]e electricity is available1
 ! problem ( refrig]ation is simple4 ,( 
c\rse1 ! initial co/ ( a good electric  
refrig]ator may easily be m ?an d\ble t 
( ! ord9>y icebox1 b ! co/ ( op]ation is
 v small & food losses are mat]ially cut
 d[n4 ,! old me?od ( refrig]ation calls 
= only a mod]ate outlay = a box1 b      
deliv]+ ice ?ree or f\r times a week to 
! av]age c\ntry home involves heavy     
ov]head = ! local ice deal] & he mu/    
!re=e *>ge accord+ly4 ,if "o mu/ dep5d  
on ice1 h[ev]1 !re is an improv$ box n[ 
on ! m>ket s con/ruct$ t x ne$s to be   

fill$ b once a week4 ,x op]ates on mu* !
 same pr9ciple z ! me*anical box z f> z 
keep+ an ev5 temp]ature is conc]n$4  ,) 
! v>i\s /orage cupbo>ds1 closets1 &     
cab9ets t make up ! furni%+s ( ?is      
cul9>y assembly plant1 !re are sundry   
built-9 units1 widely pictur$1 writt5   
ab\t1 & adv]tis$4 ,:at type y w h is a  
matt] ( p]sonal ta/e4 ,! ma9 ?+ is to be
 sure !y are well built & conv5i5tly    
locat$4 ,! kit*5 s9k may also be ( any  
type y pref] b let !re be light :]e x is
 hung4 ,a w9d[ directly ov] x w make =  
clean] di%es z well z less breakage4    
,ano!r ounce ( prev5tion = ! latt] is   
consid]$ by _m to be ! s9k l9$ ) monel  
metal4 ,x is fairly s(t & yield+ s t a  
cup or plate is n readily %att]$ if     
accid5tally dropp$ 9 x4 ,) porcela9     
s9ks1 "o may use a rubb] mat design$ = !
 purpose or "o c be c>eful4  ,if !      
s]vice w+ plans d n include a laundry1 a
 set tub ) cov] =m+ "o ( ! dra9 bo>ds is
 practical = ! occasional small pieces  
wa%$ at home4 ,along ) ! s9k may be     

in/all$ an electric di%wa%]1 dep5d+1 (  
c\rse1 on :e!r ! family consid]s its    
b5efits equal to ! exp5se involv$4 ,if  
"m is to d ! "w1 x may be w>rant$2 b :]e
 h] ef=ts are limit$ to "o or two sket*y
 meals on ,?ursdays & ,sunday ev5+s1 "o 
might well int]view ! p]son :o is       
monitor ( ! s]vice w+ ! bulk ( ! "t4    
,di%wa%]s1 cake mix]s1 complicat$ fruit 
juice extractors1 & simil> gadgets are  
all excell5t b !y are n ess5tial4 ,_m   
s]vants d n ev5 want !m4  ,a few ye>s   
ago we tri$ to introduce an orange      
squeez] design$ to hang on ! wall &     
op]ate some:at on ! pr9ciple ( a p5cil  
%>p5]4 ,we %[$ x to our h\seman :o      
reg>d$ x glumly4 ,i'll try to use x if y
 insi/1 he f9ally said1 b ,i c "w fa/] )
 t glass "o f ! t5 c5t /ore4 ,^! little 
play?+s are all "r b y c seldom get !   
help to use !m4 ,a kit*5 %\ld be well   
equipp$ ) /&>d implem5ts & cook+        
ut5sils1 b be=e putt+ 9 exp5sive        
labor-sav+ devices "o %\ld be sure t !y 
really save "w & t ! propos$ op]ator w  

appreciate !m en\gh to make _! pur*ase  
advisable4  ,! ess5tials ( a kit*5 are  
pl5ty ( light & air2 en\gh space = work+
 "u all conditions2 well arrang$ &      
adequate equipm5t2 pleas+1 easily clean$
 wall surfaces & floor2 & pl5ty ( hot   
wat]4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods ( obta9+ an
 adequate supply ( ! latt]4 ,x is       
automatically tak5 c>e ( :]e ! h\se is  
heat$ by an oil burn+ sy/em4 ,) a coal  
burn+ /eam or hot wat] plant1 !re is n[ 
a cyl9d] t c be atta*$ to ! boil] bel[ !
 wat] level4 ,9 x !re is a coil ( copp] 
pipe ?r\gh :i* circulates ! dome/ic hot 
wat] supply4 ,?is works admirably4 ,!re 
is always a suffici5t supply b x is nev]
 s ov]heat$ z to scald ! he$less p]son  
:o plunges a h& "u a boil+ /ream ( wat]4
  ,dur+ ! w>m mon?s1 h[ev]1 a           
supplem5t>y means ( heat+ wat] mu/ be at
 h&4 ,electric wat] heat+1 aga91        
involves ! lea/ sup]vision & is to be   
recomm5d$ if "o c get a l[ en\gh rate4  
,! initial exp5se is a sizable item1    
?\gh2 & if op]at$ at ! usual rate p]    

kil[att h\r1 ! mon?ly *>ge c easily be  
d\ble t ( o!r fuels4 ,b _m companies    
make a special rate = su* devices & "u  
su* circum/ances ! op]at+ co/s comp>e   
favorably ) ^? ( coal & oil4  ,ano!r    
excell5t device is ! little coal /ove   
built especially = ! purpose4 ,x        
requires only a small am\nt ( fuel daily
 b1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be fai?fully t5d$4 ,?is
 type ( /ove may also be adapt$ = burn+ 
range oil4 ,"h ! drudg]y ( %ovel+ 9 coal
 & tak+ out a%es is replac$ by t ( daily
 fill+ ! two-gallon oil tank t fe$s x1  
p]iodic clean+ ( wicks & burn]s1 &      
consi/5t adju/+ ( burn] & draft to meet 
*ang+ wea!r conditions4  ,!re are also !
 k]os5e oil heat]s hav+ a copp] coil    
?r\gh :i* ! wat] circulates 9 heat+4 ,^!
 may or may n be equipp$ ) an automatic 
atta*m5t4 ,!y likewise require daily    
fill+ & occasional clean+ ( bo? wick &  
copp] coil4 ,!y are easi] to adju/ ?an !
 o!r v>iety b ! action ( ! blue flame on
 ! copp] coil causes a slight           
dis9tegration :i* ov] a long p]iod ( "t 

may cause a leak4 ,:5 t happ5s no m5d+  
is possible1 n ev5 ( a tempor>y nature4 
,! family goes )\t hot wat] until a new 
coil is put 9 or a complete new heat]   
sub/itut$4 ,obsolesc5ce is a t]m high 9 
favor ) ,am]ican indu/ry2 & only too (t5
 :5 "o goes seek+ a new "p = a ma*9e ) a
 decade ( good s]vice to its cr$it1 "o  
is met )1 ,oh1 we don't make t model any
 m4 ,we might be able to locate a /ray  
coil b x w\ld take ab\t two or ?ree     
weeks4 ,! disgu/$ home own] naturally   
goes out & buys ano!r k9d ( heat]1 "o   
)\t a copp] coil4  ,:e!r or n a laundry 
is "p ( ! s]vice w+ dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 on 
h[ mu* ( t type ( "w is to be done at   
home4 ,!re are two po9ts ( view "h4 ,"s 
h\seholds pref] to scoop ! family l95   
into a bag1 make a li/1 & h& x ov] to a 
comm]cial laundry4 ,o!rs f9d a dep5dable
 laundress ne>by or provide facilities =
 do+ ! "w at home4 ,! cle> air ( !      
c\ntry & easy dry+ conditions influ5ce  
_m t[>ds ! latt] c\rse4  ,l ! kit*51 !  
room set aside = ?is purpose %\ld h good

 light & air z well z easily clean$ wall
 & floor surfaces4 ,!re %\ld be at lea/ 
two tubs z well z a wa%+ ma*9e & a small
 iron+ ma*9e4 ,!re %\ld also be space   
provid$ = indoor dry+ ( clo!s s9ce1 ev5 
9 ! c\ntry1 a week ( /ormy wea!r is n   
unhe>d (4 ,"s k9d ( a /ove is also      
necess>y = any ne$$ boil+ ( clo!s1 mak+ 
/>*1 or ! l4  ,s]vants' qu>t]s %\ld be  
*e]ful1 light1 airy 9 summ] & com=tably 
w>m 9 w9t]4 ,!y may be "p ( ! s]vice w+2
 !y may be on a sep>ate floor ( ! ma9   
section ( ! h\se2 or1 if ! g>age is "p (
 ! h\se1 locat$ ov] t4 ,= be/ results !y
 %\ld n be 9 too close proximity to !   
re/ ( ! family4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 s]vants are
 m conf9$ to ! sc5e ( _! labors ?an 9 ! 
city4 ,consequ5tly !y ne$ & l a c]ta9   
am\nt ( privacy z well z a place to     
relax & see _! fri5ds4 ,9 addition to   
b$rooms & ba?1 a sitt+ room ( "s k9d is 
mo/ practical4 ,x ne$ n be l>ge or      
exp5sively furni%$4 ,a few com=table    
*airs1 a table or two1 possibly a desk &
 a good read+ lamp w suffice4 ,a small  

radio also adds to ! g5]al cont5tm5t4 ,9
 summ] if ! s]vice w+ boa/s a scre5$    
por* s mu* ! bett]4 ,if n1 "s %ady nook 
or arbor ne>by :]e !y may re/ or read   
dur+ _! sp>e "t may m>k ! diff]5ce      
betwe5 sull5 s]vice1 frequ5t *ange (    
p]sonnel1 & ! p]fect s]vant :o rema9s   
ye> aft] ye>4     ,,pets ,,& ,,live/ock 
,illu/ration     ,,*apt] ,,xiii  ,,pets 
,,& ,,live/ock   ,few c\ntry h\seholds  
are cont5t ) a b[l ( goldfi%4 ,some?+ a 
little m responsive is dem&$ :]e ! peace
 & quiet ( nature press s close4 ,a cat 
to dr[se on ! he>? or cat* an occasional
 m\se2 a dog to accompany "o on walks & 
greet ! head ( ! h\se ec/atically ea*   
ev5+2 ^!1 ( c\rse1 are ! mo/ obvi\s &   
popul> pets4 ,bo? c be & are kept 9 city
 ap>tm5ts & suburban homes b _! natural 
habitat is ! op5 c\ntry4  ,:e!r "o or   
bo? become "p ( y\r h\sehold is1 (      
c\rse1 a matt] ( p]sonal incl9ation4    
,!re are ^? :o h an int5se av]sion =    
cats4 ,!re are fanatical bird lov]s :o  
argue t because !y once knew a cat :i*  

kill$ a bird1 ! entire fel9e family %\ld
 be wip$ out4 ,h[ev]1 f ! numb] ( sleek 
specim5s se5 doz+ on por* or t]race     
?r\gh ! c\ntryside1 x is safe to assume 
t ! av]age h\sehold h>bors at lea/ "o   
cat4 ,!re is no room "h = a treatise on 
:y p keep cats4 ,besides1 we d n "k4 ,we
 only "k t cats 7 always ab\t ! place :5
 we 7 "y & t "s sixte5 ye>s ago we      
rescu$ a half />v$ ,maltese kitt5 f a   
city pavem5t & kept h] until %e di$ (   
old age ab\t a ye> ago4 ,%e _h beautiful
 gre5 eyes & a v %ort temp]4 ,%e also   
upset sev]al preconceiv$ !ories4 ,"o is 
t a cat is atta*$ to a place r ?an p & t
 x is difficult if n impossible to take 
x along :5 mov+ to an old place4 ,our   
cat 0 approa*+ middle age :5 we acquir$ 
our c\ntry home4 ,yet aft] a few inquir+
 me[s & a m9ute inspection ( ! new      
place1 %e settl$ d[n cont5t$ly4 ,fur!r1 
dur+ ! ye>s t foll[$1 %e made at lea/   
two trips a ye> to ! city = soj\rns (   
v>y+ l5g?s4 ,inquiry among o!r cat own]s
 has reveal$ t ?is is n at all          

extraord9>y4 ,9 fact1 ?is type ( animal 
c become j z atta*$ to its own] z ! m   
flatt]+ & responsive dog4  ,nor d all   
cats kill birds4 ,! av]age h\se cat is  
too indol5t to hunt any?+4 ,our own     
imp]fect b individuali/ic animal 0 a    
mighty hunt] ( field mice b %[$ little  
or no int]e/ 9 ! birds fly+ ab\t above  
h]4 ,!y h built _! ne/s = ye>s 9 arbor &
 summ] h\se unmole/$4 ,b a real kill] ( 
birds is h>d to dissuade4 ,"o c ( c\rse 
remove ! bird f its jaws & adm9i/] a    
s\nd :ipp+ b x is by no means c]ta9 t   
any?+ mu* is accompli%$ by s do+4 ,"o _c
 argue ) a cat4 ,he is ! "o animal man  
has n be5 able to subdue4 ,possibly !re9
 lies 8 fasc9ation4 ,also1 b>r+ a few   
bad habits1 he is little tr\ble & is a  
di/9ct ornam5t4  ,! dog c be a fai?ful  
companion or ! wor/ pe/ on e>?4 ,:i* he 
is1 dep5ds on 8 environm5t & tra9+4 ,he 
may be _h 9 _m bre$s & sizes f ! mo/    
exp5sive & delicate specim5s d[n to !   
mongrel ) a ,league ( ,nations ance/ry4 
,incid5tally1 ! mo/ b5ign & intellig5t (

 dogs is (t5 "s middle-ag$ h\nd (       
d\btful l9eage :o c tell y\r blue ribbon
 w9n] h[ to get ab\t 9 ! can9e circles (
 ! c\ntryside4  ,pick ! bre$ y pref] b h
 x 9 scale ) y\r place4 ,y may h _h a   
secret long+ = a ,/4 ,b]n>d or a ,great 
,dane b if y h settl$ y\r family 9 a    
little saltbox h\se1 x is go+ to be a   
little cr[d$ :5 some?+ only slightly    
small] ?an a ,%etl& pony />ts padd+     
re/lessly up & d[n /airs or fl+s 8 we>y 
l5g? d[n 9 ! middle ( ! liv+ room rug   
:]e y mu/ walk ar\nd or ov] him to turn 
on ! radio or answ] ! telephone4  ,"o   
memb] ( our family has always want$ a   
*eetah or hunt+ leop>d4 ,?is desire is  
likely to g unfulfill$4 ,^! bea/s are   
easily dome/icat$ & are g5tle &         
affectionate4 ,!y appe> to h ! be/      
*>act]i/ics ( bo? cat & dog4 ,!y are no 
m exp5sive ?an _m a ?or\ghbr$ dog4 ,yet 
we %all n h "o4 ,n only is ! climate (  
,we/*e/] ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 too unlike 
t ( _! native ,india = !m to ?rive1 b   
consid] ! task ( soo?+ t]rifi$ tradesm5 

& casual visitors4 ,"o may expla9 t     
al?\gh appe>ances are aga9/ him he is n 
really a leop>d b j an ov]gr[n cat4 ,!y 
w n believe x4 ,!y w n ev5 he> because  
!y w be a mile d[n ! road4  ,o!r p mu/  
be consid]$ ev5 9 ! c\ntry4 ,s pick y\r 
dog & tra9 him up 9 ! way he %\ld g4 ,y 
may pref] "o ( ! t]ri] bre$s4 ,!y are   
bright & lively & make good pets b mu/  
be taught n to dig holes 9 ! c>efully   
groom$ lawn4 ,x is z natural = !m to    
delve = und]gr\nd animals z = a sett] or
 spaniel to flu% birds4 ,retriev]s are  
usually g5tle1 well dispos$ animals & n 
only make good pets b are excell5t 9 a  
family :]e hunt+ is a div]sion4 ,v      
popul> j n[ 9 ?is class are ! spaniels1 
especially ! cock]s4 ,!y h beauty1 an   
affectionate disposition1 are mo/       
intellig5t & are excell5t wat* dogs4 ,!y
 fit into ne>ly any h\sehold l>ge or    
small4  ,) ! l>g] dogs !re is1 ( c\rse1 
! collie z well z 8 ance/or !           
old-fa%ion$ %eph]d4 ,"h we w\ld say a   
good ^w = a mu*-malign$ dog1 ! police or

 ,g]man %eph]d4 ,only rec5tly s9ce !    
,see+ ,eye has demon/rat$ _! ke5        
intellig5ce & s5se ( responsibility 9   
guid+ _! bl9d own]s1 h !y begun to come 
into _! own aga94 ,ev5 n[ !re is an     
impression abroad 9 ! l& t !y1 l ! timb]
 wolf !y s mu* resemble b are n desc5d$ 
f1 are sly trea*]\s brutes ) a p>ticul> 
delight 9 tak+ a piece out ( ! unw>y    
/rang]4 ,x is true t :5 fir/ br\ght to  
?is c\ntry !y _h no little tr\ble 9     
adapt+ !mselves to conditions "h4 ,9 _! 
native ,g]many !y 7 :at _! "n implies & 
z work+ dogs cov]$ miles daily4 ,!y ate 
co>se food & slept 9 ! op5 ei!r on !    
gr\nd itself or a small heap ( /raw4    
,obvi\sly su* a dog _c be %ut up 9      
cramp$ qu>t]s & giv5 almo/ no ex]cise   
)\t 8 disposition be+ some:at affect$4  
,!y are highly intellig5t animals & = ! 
c\ntry dwell] ) two or m acres1 make    
affectionate & satisfactory pets4 ,!y h 
a ke5 s5se ( gu>dian%ip1 are f9e wat*   
dogs & %[ b little t5d5cy to roam4  ,!  
latt] is an excell5t trait = if y wi% to

 rema9 on mod]ately pleasant t]ms ) y\r 
neighbors1 tra9 y\r dog or dogs to /ay  
home4 ,worry+ ! cat ( ! man :o lives j  
at ! b5d 9 ! road to ! s\?1 or kill+ !  
*ick5s ( ! neighbor to ! nor?1 w n aid 9
 e/abli%+ fri5dly relations4 ,b>k+ at   
pass+ c>s is n comm5dable nor is ! tipp+
 ov] ( a neighbor's g>bage c & scatt]+ !
 cont5ts ab\t4 ,^! are bad habits & %\ld
 be correct$ if y\r pet is to be any    
real com=t to y4 ,pati5t & intellig5t   
tra9+ w m>k ! diff]5ce betwe5 a fri5dly 
well-mann]$ dog & a spoil$ brute t ev5  
y\r mo/ humane fri5ds ye>n to cuff4  ,:5
 x comes to ! matt] ( o!r live/ock 9 ?is
 v5ture ( f>m+-9-!-little1 ! new own] is
 ei!r tread+ unkn[n or =gott5 gr\nd4    
,dogs & cats1 ev5 can>ies & :ite rats1 7
 famili> en\gh 9 ! city4 ,he has read   
books on _! c>e & tra9+4 ,he has        
consult$ vet]9>ians & fanci]s b until n[
 ! s\rces ( 8 daily bottle ( milk or 8  
c>ton ( grad$ eggs h be5 matt]s (       
indiff]5ce4 ,! v5ture ) live/ock may    
beg9 ) *ick5s & end ) saddle horses1 b x

 is no?+ = ! un9itiate to ent] into     
lightly or unadvis$ly4 ,p]sonally1 we   
pref] to let ! f>m] d[n at ! end ( !    
lane wre/le ) ! recalcitrant h5 &       
temp]am5tal c[4 ,he has summ]$ & w9t]$ )
 !m = ye>s & kn[s ! be/ & ! wor/ ( !m4  
,if !re is a way to make !m wor? _!     
keep1 he kn[s x4 ,if 8 c[ g5]\sly gives 
twelve qu>ts ( milk & we c use b two1 x 
is no conc]n ( ours :at becomes ( ! o!r 
t54  ,= ! c\ntry dwell]1 :o feels t life
 is n complete )\t live/ock ( "s sort & 
foll[s t by acquir+ a b>ny>d m5ag]ie1 we
 w\ld recomm5d t he ent] ^u 8 c\rse     
cauti\sly4 ,?is is assum+ t he kn[s     
little or no?+ ( f>m+ ei!r by !ory or   
practice4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he has be5  
re>$ on a f>m1 he und]/&s p]fectly h[ to
 c>e = ! v>i\s animals & ! labor entail$
 9 do+ s4 ,he is 9 no ne$ ( any         
admonition f u1 & :o are we to (f] x8 ,b
 = ! av]age p]son :o is j beg9n+ 8      
exp]im5t 9 c\ntry liv+1 a few *ick5s are
 sugge/$ = ! initial attempt4 ,!re are  
two ways to emb>k on ?is4 ,) ei!r1 x is 

well to subscribe to a good f>m j\rnal4 
,consult t or ! f>m] d[n ! road z to    
bre$4 ,z rank outsid]s we sugge/ a well 
e/abli%$ & h>dy k9d4  ,!n1 ! easie/ way 
= ! novice w\ld probably be to buy      
full-gr[n *ick5s t are j beg9n+ to lay4 
,!y are old en\gh to "k _! way ab\t &   
any dry1 well v5tilat$ %elt] t is pro(  
aga9/ ?iev+ skunks1 weasels & simil>    
wild life1 w be adequate = !m along ) a 
*ick5 run ) a high en\gh f5ce to keep !m
 )9 b\nds4 ,= ?is type ( f[l is no      
respect] ( prop]ty4 ,n only does x take 
delight 9 work+ havoc ) its own]'s fl[] 
b$s & bord]s b ^? ( 8 neighbor z well4  
,!y also eat incessantly4 ,! optimi/ic  
fri5d :o has nev] kept *ick5s1 b ?9ks x 
a m>vel\s idea1 w tell y t scraps f !   
table w take c>e ( all t & ev5 save y ! 
g>bage collector's fee4 ,su* a p]son is 
/ill liv+ back 9 ! #ahij's :5 food 0    
*eap & sev5 c\rse d9n]s & he>ty supp]s 7
 ! rule4 ,today's orange sk9s & banana  
peels are no diet ev5 = a *ick54 ,s1 "o 
mu/ buy fe$ = !m4 ,?is %\ld be (fset 9 a

 measure by ! eggs normally laid by     
well-f$ & t5d$ pullets4 ,also z "t goes 
on & sett+ h5s hat* *ick5s1 :i* 9 turn  
become ev5tually broil]s or fre%        
produc]s ( eggs1 accord+ to results y w 
decide :e!r or n y want to cont9ue 9 !  
*ick5 bus9ess4  ,ano!r me?od widely     
advocat$ is to buy week-old *icks f a   
mail ord] h\se or o!r firm deal+ 9 su*  
/ock & br+ !m up )\t aid ( a "m h5 to   
ga!r !m "u h] w+s4 ,"h a brood] is      
necess>y s9ce ! *icks are ( t5d] age &  
mu/ be kept w>m4 ,^! brood]s are ( v>y+ 
sizes & prices & may be _h f ! same mail
 ord] h\ses t are glad to sell ! *icks z
 well4 ,?is is m complicat$ ?an ! o!r   
old-fa%ion$ me?od b a little guidance f 
"s "o und]/&+ ! proc$ure along )        
consi/5t c>e on y\r "p w probably br+ a 
majority ( y\r brood to broil] size4    
,tak+ on a c[ to support is a mu* m     
s]i\s ?+4 ,n only does a well-br$1      
tub]cul9-te/$ animal co/ a fair sum to  
acquire1 b %e mu/ be com=tably h\s$ 9 a 
clean1 com=table c[ b>n4 ,bullet9s f !  

,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture w give !       
requirem5ts n only = h] %elt] b = h]    
prop] c>e4 ,%e ne$s at lea/ two acres ( 
pa/urage & ?is c't be all /ones & bu%es4
 ,%e mu/ be milk$ morn+ & ev5+ )\t fail 
& at regul> h\rs by "s "o :o kn[s h[4   
,%e mu/ be groom$4 ,h] /able mu/ be     
clean$ regul>ly4 ,:5 ! ye>ly calf is    
born "o mu/ sit up nights ) h]4 ,all    
?is1 if %e is to rema9 9 good condition4
 ,9 gratitude = x %e w give milk1 ?ree  
or f\r times z mu* z a small h\sehold c 
consume4 ,possibly a m>ket c be f\nd =  
?is excess or "o c turn to butt] mak+ & 
add a pig to ! b>ny>d family4 ,ev5 ?is  
accommodat+ scav5g] _c live by skim milk
 alone b mu/ h x augm5t$ by corn or     
prep>$ fe$4 ,he mu/ also h prop] %elt] &
 a run4 ,?us does "o ?+ lead to ano!r1  
once "o gets beyond ! *ick5 /age ( f>m+4
 ,x is obvi\sly no?+ = ! daily commut]  
to attempt unless he is prep>$ to pay = 
! s]vices ( a compet5t hir$ man4  ,f>m+ 
ev5 on ! smalle/ scale is a full-"t job 
9 itself4 ,! tir$ bus9ess man w f9d x a 

toil or a pleasure4 ,! daily *ores      
involv$ are rel5tless & un5d+4 ,a       
bus9ess appo9tm5t 9 t[n is no excuse =  
_! non-fulfillm5t4 ,!y mu/ be done at a 
regul> "t1 if n by y by "s "o else4 ,(  
c\rse1 ) a family :]e !re are ?ree or m 
small *ildr51 keep+ a c[ c be bo?       
practical & economical4 ,) ! normal     
table & cook+ uses ! milk giv5 c be     
consum$ )\t difficulty4 ,fur!r1 ! exp5se
 ( ma9ta9+ w\ld probably fall mu* bel[ !
 mon?ly milk bill "u su* circum/ances4  
,= ?is purpose1 select "o ( ! ,j]sey or 
,gu]nsey bre$ :i* gives ri* milk r ?an  
quantity4  ,= ! family t c af=d & enjoy 
saddle horses1 x is pleasant to h !m1 b 
) _! adv5t ! c\ntry home becomes /ill m 
complicat$4 ,!re mu/ be a /able )       
somebody to t5d & groom ! horses4 ,!y   
mu/ be ex]cis$ too1 :i* means sy/ematic 
rid+ r ?an an occasional cant] on j !   
ideal day4 ,also ) ev5 "o horse1 if a   
ne$ = economy arises x is n always easy 
to disp5se ) him4 ,he is fle% & blood &1
 humanely1 y _c j sell him to ! fir/    

buy] :o pres5ts himself4 ,y mu/ be      
assur$ t y\r m\nt w be well-treat$ & n  
abus$4 ,we h kn[n ( sev]al in/ances :]e 
a numb] ( excell5t saddle horses 7 giv5 
away by own]s1 :o felt t !y c\ld no     
long] af=d to buy _! oats & hay1 b want$
 to be sure ! animals w\ld be well c>$  
=4  ,s1 be=e acquir+ horses1 contemplate
 ! up-keep & make sure y are prep>$ to  
ma9ta9 !m :e!r bus9ess is good1 bad1 or 
indiff]5t4 ,= ! fir/ ye> or two a mu*   
wis] c\rse is to turn to ! neighborhood 
rid+ /able & r5t4 ,^! h become /&>d     
in/itutions 9 _m vic9ities & !y         
frequ5tly af=d n only excell5t m\nts b  
s\nd tea*+ = ^? :o "k little or no?+    
ab\t ! f9] po9ts ( rid+4     ,,tight5+  
,,= ,,w9t]  ,illu/ration     ,,*apt]    
,,xiv  ,,tight5+ ,,= ,,w9t]   ,! wolf ( 
w9t] 0 ! arre/+ phrase orig9at$ sev]al  
ye>s ago by no less a practition] ( !   
art ( adv]tis+ ?an ,bruce ,b>ton1 to    
drive home ! m]its ( adequate dome/ic   
heat+4 ,b no matt] h[ effici5t y\r heat+
 sy/em may be1 unless ! c\ntry home has 

be5 made ready = ! cold mon?s1          
insuffici5t heat & excessive fuel bills 
result4  ,aga9/ ?is1 !re are a numb] (  
simple ?+s ! home own] may d himself or 
h done4 ,nobody begrudges money sp5t =  
fuel t keeps ! h\se at a com=table1 ev5 
temp]ature4 ,9 ! days :5 six doll>s     
b\ght a ton ( ! be/ an?racite coal & !  
pea & buck:eat sizes 7 sold z wa/e      
products1 x may h be5 a matt] ( small   
importance t c]ta9 spots 9 a h\se leak$ 
heat & let 9 cold4 ,besides1 9 an era :5
 w9d[s clos$ tightly ) ! fir/ cold bla/s
 ( fall & rema9$ s until spr+1 su*      
v5tilation 0 probably a life sav]4 ,b at
 ! pres5t high prices = ei!r coal or    
fuel oil1 ^! po9ts ab\t ! h\se :]e heat 
is lo/ & w9t] cold cra%es ! gate %\ld be
 tak5 s]i\sly4  ,) a new h\se1 ( c\rse1 
ev]y?+ possible 9 ! nature ( built-9    
metal wea!r/ripp+ & ?or\ghly insulat$   
ext]ior walls 7 includ$ by ! ar*itect :5
 he prep>$ plans & specifications4 ,b   
ev5 he may h ignor$ "o ( ! mo/ practical
 means ( cons]v+ w>m?4 ,?is is a set (  

/orm w9d[s & doors c>efully fitt$ s !y  
op5 & %ut at w1 yet are snug en\gh s t  
little cold p5etrates4 ,^! are rem>kable
 cons]v]s ( heat4 ,measur$              
sci5tifically1 ! am\nt t escapes by     
radiation ?r\gh ord9>y w9d[ glass is    
amaz+4 ,! /orm w9d[ r$uces ?is to a m9or
 p]c5tage because ! dead-air space      
betwe5 ! two ?icknesses ( glass acts z  
an effici5t means ( insulation4  ,/orm  
doors & w9d[s are n[ made 9 /ock        
dim5sions t fit practically any frame4  
,quantity production has made _! price s
 mod]ate t ! sav+ on fuel = a s+le w9t] 
c exce$ _! initial co/ & ! labor ( fitt+
 & putt+ !m 9 place4 ,su* w9d[s & doors 
%\ld be prop]ly m>k$1 l ! scre5s t      
replace !m 9 summ]1 ) numb]+ tacks s t1 
ea* fall1 !y may be put 9 prop] place   
)\t confusion4 ,! sy/em is simplicity   
itself4 ,a duplicate tack be>s ! same   
numb] on ! sill ( ea* w9d[ & on !       
upright ( ea* door4 ,?is is a real sav] 
( "t1 = s small a v>iation z half an in*
 9 wid? or height c make ! diff]5ce     

betwe5 doors & w9d[s t really fit & ^? t
 leak air4 ,su* proportions v>y ev5 ) a 
new h\se4  ,! only requisite = su* a    
complem5t ( d\ble doors & w9d[s is a    
prop] place to /ore !m dur+ ! summ]     
mon?s4 ,be+ l>gely ( glass1 if !y are n 
put away c>efully1 ! breakage c be bo?  
annoy+ & ne$lessly exp5sive4 ,s x is    
well to provide a special comp>tm5t1    
locat$ 9 ! g>age or o!r conv5i5t place1 
:]e ^! may be plac$ :5 n 9 use4         
,simil>ly1 ! same section may be us$ 9 !
 w9t] = door & w9d[ scre5s z well z g>d5
 furniture4  ,except = ! new c\ntry h\se
 or "o t has be5 completely remodel$ or 
r5ovat$1 ea* succe$+ fall br+s m9or     
repairs4 ,^! ought to be und]tak5 dur+  
^? cool crisp days ( fall t prec$e      
freez+ wea!r & p5etrat+ w9t] w9ds4 ,!y w
 v>y ) age & /ate ( repair b !y beg9 ) !
 cell> & progress upw>d to ! attic4     
,unless y\r h\se is unusually ail+1     
probably n all ( ^! w be necess>y b at  
lea/ !re %\ld be a c>eful exam9ation &  
diagnosis4 ,"h is ! li/4  ,illu/ration3 

,,sn[ ,,has ,,dignity1 ,,b ,,is ,,!     
,,h\se ,,snug ,,& ,,w>m8  ,photo by     
,samuel ,h4 ,gotts*o  ,repo9t !         
f\ndations1 inside & out1 ) a ri* cem5t 
mort> to seal any cracks ?r\gh :i* ! w9d
 might p5etrate4 ,a late ,octob] or e>ly
 ,novemb] day :5 !re is a high w9d is   
ideal = ?is "w4 ,z "o goes ov] ! inside 
( ! f\ndation1 ! se>*+ cold bla/s w     
reveal ! crevices t ne$ att5tion4 ,m>k  
ea* "o ) a wood5 spl9t] z fa/ z !y are  
f\nd4 ,:5 all f\r walls h be5 ?or\ghly  
inspect$1 ! "w ( clos+ ^! cracks c be   
done z a s+le op]ation4 ,except = a     
solid brick or /one h\se1 inspect ! po9t
 at :i* ! sills re/ on ! f\ndation      
walls4 ,! fillet ( mort> may h come     
loose or crack$ 9 places4 ,any su*      
breaks %\ld be repair$4  ,be=e leav+ !  
cell> notice ! w9d[s4 ,does cold air    
leak ?r\gh jo9ts ( sa% & frame8 ,if s1  
make !m tight ) batt5 /rips or1 if v    
loose1 calk !m ) oakum4 ,! w9d[ ?r\gh   
:i* coal is deliv]$1 ( c\rse1 _c be     
seal$ s ?or\ghly z x may h to be op5$ n[

 & !n = additional fuel4 ,wea!r/ripp+ x 
z well z ! hat*way door is advisable4   
,"s h\ses built on side-hill sites h at 
lea/ "o cell> wall m expos$ ?an ! re/4  
,:]e ?is condition exi/s1 x is a real   
economy to cov] ! inside ( x ) insulat+ 
mat]ial4 ,ei!r special pla/]+ or        
fib]-insulat+ bo>d c be us$1 z          
individual conditions w>rant4 ,at ! same
 "t any wat] pipe t is close to an      
outside wall %\ld ei!r be re-locat$ or  
insulat$1 le/ x freeze "s day :5 x is   
abnormally cold or a high w9d is bl[+4  
,freez+ cold air bl[+ ?r\gh a f9e crack 
9 an ext]ior wall acts ab\t z does !    
flame ( a weld]'s tor*1 only 9 ! rev]se4
 ,! flame cuts by melt+2 ! cold air     
solidifies ! wat] 9 a pipe & sometimes  
does x s ?or\ghly t a crack$ pipe is !  
result4  ,f ! cell> "o n[ goes to !     
attic4 ,are w9d[s 9 place "h & wea!r    
tight8 ,h[ ab\t end walls & ! "u sides (
 ro(8 ,if n insulat$1 y\r h\se c lose a 
quantity ( heat at ^! po9ts4 ,rememb]1  
heat rises &1 aft] a /orm1 if ! sn[ on !

 ro( ( y\r h\se melts quick] ?an on ^? (
 y\r neighbors1 x is a cle> demon/ration
 t y are wa/+ heat by lett+ x ooze ?r\gh
 c]ta9 m9ute ap]tures4 ,ano!r way to    
combat ?is upw>d radiation is to p\r a  
loose1 fea!rlike insulat+ mat]ial into !
 space betwe5 ! attic floor+ & ! pla/] (
 ! b$room ceil+s4 ,z x comes 9 bags     
prep>$ especially = ?is purpose & is v  
light1 sometimes x is only necess>y to  
raise a small proportion ( ! attic floor
 bo>ds & ! insulat+ mat]ial c be spread 
ev5ly ?r\gh ^! op5+s4  ,!re rema9s /ill 
a major escape = heat1 ! fireplaces4 ,if
 ea* is equipp$1 z is cu/om>y ) all     
built dur+ ! la/ half c5tury1 ) a       
ca/-iron damp] t closes ! ?roat :5 n 9  
use1 make sure x is 9 work+ ord]4       
,sometimes su* damp]s get clogg$ ) soot 
& fail to close tightly4 ,= old]        
fireplaces ! problem v>ies4 ,"s c h a   
?roat damp] in/all$2 o!rs are ( su* size
 or %ape t x is n practical4 ,) ! latt]1
 if ! ?roat is n too l>ge1 x is possible
 to /uff x ) tightly pack$ newspap]1    

fir/ crumpl+ ! %eets to make !m bulky4  
,! l>ge fireplace1 once ! sc5e ( all    
family cook+1 g5]ally has an op5+ into !
 *imney s l>ge t !re seems to be b "o   
practical way to treat x4 ,?is is ! use 
( ! "t-tri$ fire bo>d :i* fits tightly  
into ! op5+ ( mantel & %uts (f !        
fireplace completely4 ,?is causes mu*   
lam5tation ea* w9t] 9 our own h\sehold1 
z ! picturesque effect ( ! f9e old      
fireplace ) sw++ crane is blott$ out by 
a none too ornam5tal expanse ( bo>d4 ,b 
x is s fitt$ t x c be readily remov$ any
 "t a fireplace fire is desir$4 ,:5 n 9 
use su* a cav]n\s av5ue = escap+ heat   
mu/1 ( c\rse1 be clos$4 ,no heat+ sy/em 
c compete ) x4 ,/& beside su* a         
fireplace = a mom5t & ! cold breeze     
swirl+ out f x w conv9ce y4  ,no?+ is m 
uncom=table 9 w9t] ?an cold & drafty    
floors4 ,mu* ( ?is c easily be correct$ 
by clos+ ! cracks1 usually f\nd 9 old]  
h\ses1 betwe5 floor+ & walls at !       
basebo>ds4 ,g5]ally qu>t]-r\nd mold+1   
c>efully fitt$ & securely nail$ is      

suffici5t b occasionally wide1 unev5    
cracks h to be clos$ ) oakum1 putty1 or 
crack fill] be=e ! mold+ is put 9 place4
 ,aga91 if ! cell> has no pla/] ceil+1 a
 drafty floor c be rem$i$ by l9+ ! "u   
side ( ! floor+ ) felt pap] or l        
mat]ial4  ,la/ly1 inspect ! heat+ plant4
 ,has x be5 clean$ & put 9 ord] s9ce la/
 season8 ,if n1 x %\ld be done )\t fail1
 = no soot-clogg$ furnace or encru/$    
boil] c "w prop]ly4 ,y are simply wa/+  
fuel & ef=t if y neglect !m4  ,out (    
doors1 !re are sev]al m9or ?+s t c make 
or m> a w9t] 9 ! c\ntry4 ,be sure !     
faucets us$ = ! g>d5 hose are           
disconnect$ & dra9$4 ,!re is probably a 
dra9 valve 9 ! cell> = ?is4 ,if y\r wat]
 supply is a %all[ well1 notice !       
location ( ! supply pipe4 ,if x ext5ds  
to )9 f\r or five feet ( ! top1 "s sort 
( cov]+ mu/ be plac$ ov] ! latt] to     
prev5t cold w9t] w9ds se>*+ x out4 ,a   
cov] ( wall bo>d ) a small op5+ =       
v5tilation is easily fitt$ to x & w av]t
 lat] tr\ble4  ,x is f> f amus+ to awake

 "s z]o morn+ & f9d ! h\se )\t wat]     
because ! well pipe has froz54 ,x c be  
?aw$ ) a bl[ pipe b t means call+ a     
plumb] or a h&y man :o happ5s to h a    
tool ( ?is sort4 ,"o su* exp]i5ce w keep
 y f =gett+ or neglect+ to provide a    
well cov]4 ,simil>ly1 if y are 9 d\bt   
:e!r ! pipes f wat] s\rce to h\se are   
bel[ ! fro/ l9e1 a c>pet ( leaves ab\t  
two in*es ?ick on top ( ! gr\nd along ! 
c\rse ( ! wat] pipe1 w obviate any su*  
unhappy ev5t4 ,?aw+ a froz5 pipe pla9ly 
visible 9 ! well is *ild's play comp>$  
to ! task ( argu+ ) any und]gr\nd4      
,once1 su* pipes _h to wait = nature4   
,today1 !y c be ?aw$ v skillfully )     
special electrical equipm5t1 b n *eaply4
 ,! /&>d *>ge ranges f #bj up1 mo/ly !  
latt]4  ,! family liv+ 9 ! c\ntry w also
 f9d t cold wea!r puts a great /ra9 on !
 automobile4 ,a c> t has work$ p]fectly 
all summ] simply refuses to />t1 & !    
/orage batt]y t op]ates ! self-/>t] is  
exhau/$ & p[]less4 ,! s5sible c\rse is  
to h ! c> put 9 condition = w9t] be=e ! 

fir/ cold snap congeals ! crank-case    
oil4 ,replace ! latt] ) "o ( light]     
grade2 h ! radiator fill$ ) a good      
anti-freeze 9 suffici5t quantity s t y w
 be safe on ! colde/ days aga9/ ! haz>d 
( a froz5 radiator2 h ! ignition sy/em  
?or\ghly ov]haul$ & new sp>k po9ts put 9
 ! di/ributor4 ,mo/ important ( all1 get
 a new /orage batt]y if ! "o y h is m   
?an a few mon?s old4  ,?is c\rse (      
action saves annoyance1 is bett] = !    
automobile1 & less exp5sive ?an call+ = 
g>age help "s abnormally cold morn+ :5  
_m o!rs are also 9 tr\ble & y mu/ wait  
y\r turn4 ,don't take j anybody's advice
 :5 *ang+ to light] & m freely fl[+     
motor oil4 ,g to ! s]vice /ation h&l+ ! 
make ( c> y drive & h x done !re4 ,!y w 
"k :i* is ! "r grade4 ,we once almo/    
ru9$ a c> by foll[+ a layman's advice4  
,) our own h&s we refill$ ! crank case )
 oil t 0 rat$ z ,s4,a4,e4 #aj & 0 p]fect
 = ! light c> ( our well-int5tion$      
advis]4 ,unhappily ! lighte/ suitable = 
our make & model 0 ,s4,a4,e4 #bj1       

practically twice z heavy4 ,=tunately we
 burn$ no be>+s be=e our error 0        
discov]$ & s le>n$ a valuable lesson m  
*eaply ?an we des]v$4  ,keep+ ! radiator
 protect$ aga9/ freez+ is n complicat$4 
,ne>ly any fill+ /ation has ! necess>y  
hydromet]4 ,to be sure ! anti-freeze    
liquid has n evaporat$ unduly1 h !      
radiator cont5ts te/$ ab\t once 9 two   
weeks1 p>ticul>ly aft] sev]al days (    
abnormally w>m wea!r4 ,= real safety1 x 
is wise to h any automobile radiator    
fill$ ) en\gh ( ! comp\nd s t its freez+
 po9t is fully t5 degrees cold] ?an !   
l[e/ temp]ature expect$4 ,!re are two   
reasons = ?is m>g94 ,x all[s = a slight 
p]c5tage ( evaporation & = a c]ta9      
peculi>ity ( c\ntry highways4 ,!re are  
sometimes po9ts on ! road :]e1 = "s     
reason1 ! actual temp]ature is a full   
five degrees cold] ?an else:]e4 ,we h   
se5 _m c>s /eam+ & boil+ 9 su* places4  
,we h once or twice be5 9 ! same unhappy
 situation & "k t ?aw+ a radiator s     
froz5 is sl[ "w1 requir+ blankets &     

pl5ty ( pati5ce4  ,a ^w z to ! clo?+    
especially design$ = ! cold ( ! c\ntry4 
,wool-l9$ mitt5s may seem to h>k back to
 sleighbells & buffalo robes1 b driv+ a 
spirit$ span hit*$ to a cutt] 0 a summ] 
occupation comp>$ to /e]+ an unheat$    
automobile t5 miles on a bel[ z]o morn+ 
) ord9>y gloves4 ,mitt5s are n graceful 
b 9 !m ! f+]s are n conf9$ & !re=e d n  
*ill z quickly4  ,fur!r1 d n scorn !    
good old-fa%ion$ arctics4 ,get ! high   
f\r-buckle k9d4 ,!y af=d real protection
 aga9/ cold & sn[ & a pair la/s = sev]al
 ye>s1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! sections ( !      
c\ntry :]e sn[ & abnormally cold wea!r  
are int]mitt5t4 ,sweat]s & wool5 muffl]s
 %\ld also be "p ( ! add$ equipm5t1 =   
no?+ makes = su* mis]y z gett+ ?or\ghly 
*ill$ = lack ( adequate outside clo?+4  
,a walk or a drive becomes !n j an      
endurance te/4  ,we h "o la/ w>n+4 ,!   
mitt5 & ov]%oe !ory may seem to y b a   
sad sign ( approa*+ age & debility--& s 
none ( !m = y4 ,grant$ !y are n ne$$    
except = abnormal wea!r1 "s bitt] cold  

ev5+ y may arrive home ) f+]s1 or e>s1  
or toes fro/bitt54 ,don't "u su*        
circum/ances g into a w>m room be=e y h 
?aw$ !m ) sn[ & vigor\s massage4 ,:5 y d
 g into ! w>m atmosph]e cont9ue to treat
 ! bite ) clo?s wrung out 9 ice wat]4   
,o!rwise1 ?is simple w9t] casualty may  
be z s]i\s & pa9ful z a bad burn4       
,,keep+ ,,home ,,fires ,,9 ,,_! ,,place 
,illu/ration     ,,*apt] ,,xv  ,,keep+  
,,home ,,fires ,,9 ,,_! ,,place   ,9 !  
good old days be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h a 
record ( "o fire e m9ute ( ! tw5ty-f\r  
h\rs1 gr&fa!r & 8 fa!r be=e him consid]$
 t a good citiz5 paid 8 poll tax1 s]v$  
on juries1 & patroll$ 8 home = fire4    
,go+ to b$ )\t bank+ fires 9 /oves &    
fireplaces 0 un?9kable4 ,! re/ ( !      
h\sehold also _h a prop] respect =      
light$ c&les & o!r possible fire bre$]s4
 ,( c\rse1 "u ?is simpl] mode ( liv+1   
light & heat 7 g5]at$ )9 view & :at is  
se5 _c be readily ignor$4  ,!n came !   
developm5t ( mod]n h\sehold conv5i5ces4 
,furnaces & /eam plants took heat+ bel[ 

/airs2 electricity replac$ c&les1 lamps1
 & gas fixtures2 & ! old cook /ove gave 
way to mod]n ranges ( v>i\s sorts4 ,!   
saf] & easi] ! devices1 ! m human       
vigilance relax$4 ,today1 ( our half    
billion doll> fire loss annually1       
"o-fif? ( x occurs 9 ! c\ntry1 & ov]    
sixty p] c5t ( resid5tial fires />t 9 ! 
cell>4  ,( c\rse1 e home has c]ta9 fire 
haz>ds b !y c be r$uc$ to ! m9imum by a 
few elem5tal improvem5ts & precautions4 
,"s call = slight additions to ! h\se   
equipm5t2 o!rs are simply ! old-fa%ion$ 
art ( self-fire polic+4 ,?is program (  
little ?+s />ts 9 ! cell> & ends 9 !    
attic4 ,"h is ! li/4  ,don't let piles (
 rubbi% & pap]s accumulate 9 cell>1     
attic1 closets1 & l places4  ,provide a 
metal conta9] ) h+$ cov] = /or+         
inflammable poli%es1 clean+ fluids1     
*emically treat$ du/ clo?s1 mops1 oily  
clo?s1 & ! l4 ,make sure !y are put !re 
:5 n 9 use1 in/ead ( be+ toss$ into "s  
conv5i5t glory hole4 ,use metal conta9]s
 also = hot a%es & ! daily accumulation 

( pap]s & tra%4  ,be c]ta9 t electric   
wir+ fuses are 9 good ord]4 ,p5nies     
beh9d burn$-out fuses are a misuse (    
good money 9 m ways ?an "o4  ,inspect ! 
cords ( all electrical appliances &     
portable lamps4 ,if !y are fray$ or     
brok51 replace !m4 ,speak+ ( appliances1
 ! simple flat-iron 9 ! h&s ( a c>eless 
or abs5t-m9d$ p]son probably causes m   
fires ?an all ! o!r m complicat$        
"w-sav]s comb9$4 ,= /age-/ruck ,sev5te51
 !n1 moodily press+ h] p9k org&y :ile   
m5tally sweep+ a triumphant c\rse ?r\gh 
a cr[d$ ballroom 9 a sophi/icat$ black  
model f ,p>is2 or = d>k-hu$ ,m>?a :o    
?umps out on a luckless %irt ! damage %e
 plans to inflict on a c]ta9 ,pullman   
port] :5 he %[s up at h] back door aga91
 provide an iron t _c ov]-heat4 ,) a    
!rmo/at t turns curr5t on & (f1 x & !   
iron+ bo>d c rema9 =gott5 = h\rs4 ,!    
electric light company may b5efit b no  
fire w result4  ,equip fireplaces )     
scre5s t fit4 ,if ! he>? has begun to   
dis9tegrate f _m fires1 x is "t to r5ew 

x z well z loose mort>4  ,m\nt /oves or 
,frankl9 fireplaces on metal-cov]$1     
asbe/os-l9$ bases4  ,don't put a rug ov]
 ! regi/] ( ! pipeless furnace4 ,x w    
cause dang]\s ov]-heat+ & ! effect w be 
disa/r\s r ?an decorative4  ,be sure no 
drap]ies are ne> op5 flames su* z c&les 
& portable heat]s4  ,if y h gas or keep 
any quantity ( k]os5e or gasol9e1 don't 
exam9e conta9]s by mat* or c&lelight4   
,use an electric fla%light & turn x on  
be=e go+ ne> su* explosives4 ,^! dang]s 
may seem obvi\s b x is a/oni%+ h[ _m    
times t faulty me*anism kn[n z ! g5us   
homo has be5 guilty ( j su* follies4    
,if rubbi% is burn$ on ! gr\nds1 use an 
inc9]ator4 ,x keeps loose pap]s f bl[+  
ar\nd & />t+ an incipi5t blaze 9 "s     
*]i%$ %rubb]y or 9 ! grass itself4 ,i   
once lo/ a f9e r[ ( small p9e trees 9   
su* a mann]4 ,!y w\ld h provid$ an ample
 scre5 f ! ma9 highway1 _h ,i ex]cis$ a 
little c>e ) my m9iature bonfire4       
,in/all portable fire ext+ui%]s4 ,!y are
 inexp5sive4 ,"o to ea* floor ) an extra

 "o = kit*5 & cell> is good fire        
insurance4 ,be sure e memb] ( ! family  
kn[s h[ to use !m4 ,ne>ly all fires />t 
9 a small way & a %ot or two ( liquid f 
"o ( ^! ma*9es usually ext+ui%es any b !
 mo/ /ubborn blaze4  ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 
outside help is ne$$4 ,s po/ ! numb] ( !
 ne>e/ fire dep>tm5t prom95tly ne> !    
telephone4 ,make sure e "o kn[s :]e to  
call1 :at to say1 & h[ to give cle> &   
di/9ct road directions4  ,^! are little 
?+s4 ,yet h\ses h gone up 9 smoke = want
 ( _! application4 ,i "k ( "o in/ance   
:]e a compet5t b city-br$ h\se man 0 s5t
 to op5 a c\ntry h\se = ! summ]4 ,9 !   
c\rse ( ! day an oil /ove 9 ! kit*5 0   
light$4 ,! man w5t to get "s dr9k+ wat]4
 ,he return$ less ?an five m9utes lat]  
to f9d a corn] ( ! room 0 9 flames4 ,!re
 0 no ext+ui%] at h& & 8 bucket ( wat] 0
 z no?+4 ,!re 0 a telephone 9 ! h\se & a
 fire dep>tm5t equipp$ ) a high-p[]$    
*emical ma*9e 0 less ?an six miles away4
 ,unhappily ! man nei!r knew ( its      
exi/5ce nor h[ to direct x to ! place4  

,by ! "t he _h f\nd help & ! dep>tm5t _h
 f9ally be5 summon$1 x 0 too late4      
,neighbors & firem5 alike c\ld only look
 on at a magnific5t bonfire1 pi\sly     
lam5t+ ! loss1 ( c\rse1 b gett+ a       
vic>i\s pleasure out ( ! spectacle4  ,z 
an example ( foolh>d9ess on ! "p ( !    
own] x is p]haps beyond comm5t4 ,aga9/ x
 ,i "k ( ano!r family t goes to ! o!r   
extreme4 ,9 addition to tak+ ! fire     
precautions sugge/$ "h1 !y h tack$ a    
small typewritt5 notice on ! back ( !   
front door4 ,x reads3                   
,,/op     ,is ! furnace *eck$     ,is ! 
wat] heat] out     ,is ! range turn$ (f 
,is ! oil heat] up/airs out  ,?is little
 evid5ce ( fire-polic+ has amus$ _m ( _!
 gue/s1 b _! h\se is /ill /&+ & ! fire  
insurance inspector p]=ms 8 annual      
duties 9 a p]functory mann] aft] read+  
x4  ,unless !re are gl>+ defects 9      
*imney con/ruction1 electric wir+1 or   
furnace flues1 ^! simple details & a    
reasonable am\nt ( old-fa%ion$ caution w
 practically keep home fires 9 _! place4

 ,= ^? :o wi% to cut ! fire haz>d /ill  
fur!r !re are m elaborate precautions t 
involve "s rebuild+ & r5ovation4 ,:e!r  
any or all ( !m are advisable is a matt]
 = ! own] & 8 ar*itect to decide4       
,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,impos+ ,,c\ntry    
,,home ,,( ,,classic ,,dignity          
,rob]tson ,w>d1 ar*itect4 ,photo by     
,samuel ,h4 ,gotts*o  ,if a firepro(    
cell> is want$1 cov] ! ceil+ ) metal la?
 & a good cem5t pla/]4 ,?is %\ld ext5d  
up ! /airway1 & ! cell> door %\ld be (  
fire resi/+ con/ruction4  ,fire/opp+ all
 ext]ior walls & int]ior p>titions n    
only cuts d[n fire risk b adds greatly  
to insulation f bo? heat & cold4 ,fires 
t orig9ate 9 ! cell> frequ5tly travel   
upw>d 9 ! dead-air spaces beh9d la?     
pla/]4 ,= h\ses already built1 ! be/    
means is to pack ! walls ) pulv]iz$     
asbe/os4 ,!re are contractors :o        
specialize 9 ?is "w & h equipm5t = do+ !
 job quickly ) m9imum cutt+ &           
inconv5i5ce4  ,an electric fire detector
 9 ! cell> acts mu* l a burgl> al>m4    

,!re are sev]al n[ on ! m>ket4 ,!       
pr9ciple on :i* !y "w is !rmo/atic4     
,s5sitive to increas$ heat1 an al>m bell
 s\nds ! mom5t fire develops4 ,! ,:ite  
,h\se has "o ( ! mo/ elaborate sy/ems ( 
?is sort1 :i* 0 in/all$ %ortly aft] !   
executive (fice fire ( a few ye>s ago4  
,*eck+ *imneys comes next aft] leav+ !  
cell>4 ,all *imneys %\ld re/ on a solid 
f\ndation 9 ! gr\nd4 ,^? c>ri$ on wood5 
beams are nev] safe4 ,! normal settl+ w 
produce dang]\s cracks 9 ! jo9ts ( !    
brickwork4 ,likewise1 unus$ /ove-pipe   
holes %\ld be clos$ ) bricks & mort>    
cem5t4 ,*imneys connect$ ) op5          
fireplaces ought to be equipp$ ) sp>k   
arre/]s4 ,^! are simply bronze or brass 
wire ( suffici5tly f9e me% to cat* any  
sp>ks4 ,plac$ at ! top1 !y also s]ve to 
disc\rage *imney swall[s f ne/+ 9 !     
?roat ( an old-fa%ion$ *imney1 to !     
d\btful pleasure ( ! occupants ( ! h\se4
  ,= ! ro( !re are slate & non-burnable 
%+les z well z a sy/em by :i* wea!r     
bo>d+ "u wood5 %+les c be replac$ )     

panels ( firepro( pla/] %ea?+4  ,if !re 
is any d\bt reg>d+ ! condition (        
electric wir+ x w be real economy to h a
 lic5s$ electrician inspect x & replace 
any :i* is obsolete or n 9 accord )     
insurance regulations4 ,also1 if /eam or
 hot wat] pipes g ?r\gh floor+ or are   
close to ! wood5 trim1 !re %\ld be at   
lea/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* cle>ance4     
,o!rwise1 ! heat dries & c>bonizes !    
wood4 ,!n slight additional heat may    
produce spontane\s combu/ion4  ,!n !re  
are m elaborate rebuild+ projects su* z 
in/all+ a fire spr9kl] sy/em 9 ! cell>4 
,a built-9 inc9]ator locat$ 9 ! cell> ) 
*ute op5+ 9 ! kit*5 is excell5t = !     
imm$iate disposal ( tra% & rubbi%4  ,two
 /airways connect+ liv+ & b$room floors 
are always bett] ?an "o4 ,ei!r /airway  
%\ld be accessible to any b$room4 ,an   
em]g5cy doorway w make ?is possible4    
,if ! g>age is atta*$ to ! h\se x %\ld  
be l9$ ) a fire resi/+ mat]ial4 ,metal  
la? & pla/] or a good grade ( pla/] wall
 bo>d is pref]r$4 ,! door betwe5 h\se & 

g>age %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be fire resi/+ &   
self clos+4  ,!re is "o o!r ref9em5t :i*
 ! c\ntry h\se own] may take into       
consid]ation1 especially if he happ5s to
 own an hi/oric old h\se4 ,t is !       
in/allation ( a sy/em ( p]=at$ pipes 9 !
 dead air spaces beh9d all walls        
connect$ ) /orage tanks ( c>bon dioxide 
"u pressure4 ,if a fire breaks out1     
turn+ on ?is sy/em w flood ! h\se ) a   
gas t w smo!r all flame4 ,m\nt ,v]non is
 a notable example ( a h\se s equipp$4  
,s mu* = ! m or less man-produc$ fire   
haz>ds4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ! occasional    
fire t comes d[n f heav54 ,! ,national  
,bo>d ( ,fire ,und]writ]s has prov$ by  
c>eful inve/igation t a prop]ly in/all$ 
& ma9ta9$ sy/em ( lightn+ rods w give a 
h\se n9ety-eight p] c5t protection4 ,x  
does n prev5t ! build+ f be+ /ruck1 b x 
does provide an easy & direct pa? to e>?
 = ! lightn+ dis*>ge1 ?us prev5t+ damage
 & de/ruction4 ,?is has no?+ to d ) !   
old s*ool ( lightn+ rod salesm5 tra9$ 9 
m$ic9e %[ me?ods4 ,prop] equipm5t &     

compet5t m5 work+ "u inspection by !    
,und]writ]s ,laboratories are n[        
available4 ,incid5tally1 radio ant5nae  
%\ld be prop]ly gr\nd$ & h an approv$   
lightn+ arre/]4  ,!re is "o m           
possibility ( disa/] f lightn+4 ,ord9>y 
wire f5c+ m\nt$ on wood5 po/s c become s
 highly *>g$ ) electricity dur+ a ?und] 
/orm t no liv+ ?+ is safe )9 ?irty feet 
( x4 ,prop] gr\nd+ is aga9 ! rem$y & is 
relatively simple4 ,at e fif? po/ an    
iron /ake %\ld be driv5 deep en\gh to   
rea* p]man5t moi/ure4 ,connect ?is to ! 
f5c+ by a wire tightly wrapp$ ar\nd !   
/ake & ea* /r& ( ! f5c+4 ,?is causes !  
electricity g5]at$ dur+ a /orm to escape
 h>mlessly into ! gr\nd1 j z x does     
?r\gh ! cables ( a prop]ly in/all$ set (
 lightn+ rods4     ,,:5 ,,?+s ,,g       
,,wrong  ,illu/ration     ,,*apt] ,,xvi 
,,:5 ,,?+s ,,g ,,wrong   ,) life 9 !    
c\ntry1 !re are times :5 ! innate       
p]v]s5ess ( ! inanimate ass]ts itself4  
,= "o accu/om$ to city conditions ?is is
 almo/ a p>alyz+ exp]i5ce4 ,!re is no   

ap>tm5t h\se sup]9t5d5t to call on1 no  
repairman j ar\nd ! corn]4 ,9 itself x  
may be v simple2 b :at to d1 h[ to d x &
 ) :at tools1 unless y h gone ?r\gh !   
mill1 is s\l-se>+4 ,s1 almo/ z soon z y 
h e/abli%$ y\r s\rces ( food & fuel1    
address y\rself to ! problem ( discov]+ 
! neighborhood h&y man4  ,n all m5 ( !  
usual me*anical trades c qualify4 ,su* a
 jewel mu/ h native +5uity1 really enjoy
 cop+ ) sudd5 em]g5cies &1 l !          
old-fa%ion$ c\ntry doctor1 be possess$ (
 a temp]am5t t accepts sudd5 calls =    
help z "p ( ! day's "w4 ,he may h plann$
 to take 8 family to ! village mov+     
picture %[2 b if y\r plumb+ has sprung a
 leak1 y\r pump has sudd5ly ceas$ to    
function1 or any "o ( a doz5 o!r        
cont+5cies has aris51 no?+ is s com=t+ z
 8 assurance t he'll be "r ov]4 ,y "k t 
)9 a reasonable "t ?is physician to ?+s 
me*anical w arrive 9 8 some:at batt]$   
automobile ) an assortm5t ( tools &     
supplies adequate = ! majority ( m9or   
dome/ic crises4  ,sometimes he c repair 

! damage p]man5tly !n & !re4 ,sometimes 
8 s]vice is ( a tempor>y nature to tide 
y\r h\sehold ov] until ! prop]          
correction c be accompli%$ ei!r by him  
or "s o!r artisan ^: specialty x is4 ,at
 ! mom5t ?is makes little diff]5ce4     
,sev]al summ]s ago1 our wat] supply     
fail$ mo/ inconsid]ately j at d9n] "t4  
,!re 0 pl5ty ( wat] 9 ! well & !        
electric pump 0 function+ b ! /orage    
tank 0 bone dry4 ,:at 0 wrong 0 beyond  
our und]/&+4 ,wor/ ( all1 our village   
plumb] c\ld n be rea*$ ev5 by a fairly  
res\rceful c\ntry telephone c5tral4 ,we 
call$ our h&y man & 7 greet$ by a *e]y  
if long suff]+1 ,:at's ! matt] n[8 ,we  
told him & mo/ assur+ly he repli$1      
,s\nds l foot valve tr\ble4 ,i'll be "r 
ov] soon z ,i f9i% supp]4  ,& he 0 z    
good z 8 ^w4 ,half an h\r lat] he 0     
li/5+ to a pump t c\ld n lure wat] f    
well to tank4 ,!n he w5t d[n ! well &1  
)\t aid1 came up ) ! supply pipe4 ,"h's 
y\r tr\ble4 ,lea!r ( ! foot valve's     
gone4 ,i'll j cut ano!r4 ,he div$ into !

 re> seat ( 8 c> & return$ ) a squ>e (  
sole lea!r4 ,us+ ! old lea!r z a patt]n 
he cut a new "o ) a %>p jack knife &    
be=e d>k ! supply pipe 0 back 9 place & 
! artificial dr\ght 0 brok54 ,?anks to !
 skill & will+ness ( ?is all-ess5tial   
neighborhood p]sonage1 !re 0 once m wat]
 = di%wa%+ & family ne$s4  ,?is is b "o 
in/ance ( h[ he has come to our rescue &
 ?r\gh ! ye>s taught u _m ?+s t we c n[ 
d = ourselves4 ,al?\gh n ov]-skillful ) 
tools & ?+s me*anical1 we h le>n$ t do+ 
!m is sometimes ! quicke/ & easie/ way  
out ( our difficulties4 ,"s1 ( c\rse1 7 
beyond ! limits ( our simple abilities b
 we h]eby enum]ate "s tw5ty ( ! m common
 difficulties t may arise inopportunely 
) c\ntry liv+1 & :at to d ab\t !m4  ,a  
sudd5 break 9 electric s]vice leaves y\r
 h\se d>k4 ,! answ] to ?is is a supply (
 c&les & "o or two k]os5e lamps fill$ & 
ready = use1 z well z at lea/ "o        
electric fla%light1 9 work+ ord] & hung 
9 its appo9t$ place4 ,(t5 be=e ! v>i\s  
lamps are assembl$ & light$1 electricity

 w aga9 be available2 b if s]vice is    
int]rupt$ = sev]al h\rs1 z occasionally 
happ5s ) a s]i\s break 9 ! l9e or real  
tr\ble at ! p[] h\se1 y w h cause to    
bless ! auxili>y light+4 ,hav+ x to     
dep5d on j once w well repay ! tr\ble ( 
mak+ x available4 ,be sure1 also1 t y h 
at lea/ "o complete set ( extra fuses to
 repair ! damage ( a %ort circuit caus$ 
by defective appliances or lamp cords4  
,nev]1 nev] put a p5ny into a fuse      
socket4  ,next to light1 ! mo/ important
 creature com=t is wat] & pl5ty ( x4 ,! 
mo/ common causes ( failure lie ) ! pump
 itself4 ,if "o ( ! deep well type gets 
out ( adju/m5t1 repair+ x is a          
pr(essional job & unless y are unusually
 exp]t1 don't attempt x4 ,telephone = a 
plumb] or h&y man4 ,b ) ! %all[ well    
pump1 y c1 9 a p9*1 replace ! lea!rs t  
make ! valves ex]t ! prop] suction4 ,9  
any case1 x is good s5se to h an extra  
set ( ! lea!rs always on h&4 ,ne> our   
own pump !re is a glass pres]v+ j> half 
full ( neat's-foot oil &1 pickl+ 9 x1 a 

sp>e set ( pump lea!rs j wait+ = some?+ 
to happ54 ,we also h a box ( assort$    
faucet wa%]s4 ,x is ov] a ye> s9ce we h 
_h to replace "o2 b :5 a faucet sudd5ly 
refuses to close1 we "k :]e ! prop]     
valve is locat$ s t we c %ut (f ! wat]  
long en\gh to replace ! tr\blesome wa%]1
 usually ! "w ( a few m9utes4  ,!n !re  
is ! heat+ sy/em4 ,"h ! mo/ common      
demon/ration ( temp]am5t is sulk9ess on 
a heavy damp day4 ,9 any ev5t1 provid$ !
 fire is free f cl9k]s1 we h a /&>d     
rem$y4 ,an av]age-siz$ electric fan is  
plac$ be=e ! op5 a% pit door4 ,set 9    
motion1 its breeze provides a =c$ draft 
&1 9 f fifte5 m9utes to half an h\r1 our
 furnace fire is once m gl[+ & ?r[+ out 
heat4  ,also1 ! c\ntry h\se own]1 :o    
discov]s t furnace or fireplace flues   
:i* h h]et(ore function$ prop]ly are    
smok+1 %\ld inve/igate ! circum/ances   
)\t delay4 ,! tr\blesome flue may only  
ne$ clean+1 or a dislodg$ brick or o!r  
ob/acle may h block$ x4 ,:atev] ! cause1
 ! *imney %\ld h imm$iate att5tion1 =   

excess soot is ! common cause ( *imney  
fires4 ,if an excess odor ( coal gas    
indicates t ! fumes are fill+ ! cell>   
in/ead ( go+ up ! *imney1 op5 ! hat*way 
& z _m w9d[s z possible4 ,!n *eck !     
furnace completely4 ,inve/igate ! cause 
( ! tr\ble & y w f9d t ! smoke pipe     
connect+ ! furnace & *imney is out (    
place4 ,don't try to replace ! dislocat$
 pipe until ! cell> is ?or\ghly air$1 = 
furnace fumes c be almo/ z deadly z ^?  
exhau/$ by an automobile1 = ! same      
reason1 ! pres5ce ( c>bon monoxide gas4 
,s :5 work+ on ! pipe be c>eful to      
retreat out ( doors on ! slighte/ feel+ 
( fa9tness or o!r di/urb+ symptom4 ,!   
safe/ way is n to attempt to replace !  
smoke pipe until ! furnace fire is out4 
,!re are "o or two o!r ?+s d[n cell> t c
 g awry :5 lea/ expect$4 ,"o ( ! mo/    
common is flood+ caus$ by abnormally    
heavy ra9s & leaks 9 f\ndation walls4   
,look fir/ = ^! :]e ! pipes f ! eaves1  
kn[n z d[n-sp\ts1 rea* ! gr\nd4 ,provide
 dry wells1 tr\ghs1 or o!r means to c>ry

 ?is ra9 wat] away f ! f\ndation4 ,aft] 
y\r cell> flood has ei!r evaporat$ or   
be5 pump$ out & ! f\ndation walls are   
dry inside & out1 repair ! cracks ?r\gh 
:i* ?is wat] trickl$1 z well z o!rs t   
might h contribut$ to ! tr\ble4 ,use a  
ri* cem5t to :i* has be5 add$ ! prop]   
am\nt ( wat]-pro(+ *emical4  ,"o _c be  
ov]-zeal\s 9 ?is1 = a flood$ or ev5 damp
 cell> is always a haz>d4 ,"u no        
circum/ances attempt to turn on electric
 lights if y are /&+ :]e x is wet or    
damp4 ,n9ety-n9e times out ( a hundr$   
all t c happ5 is a mild electric %ock b 
!re is always ! "o *ance 9 ?\s&s t by s 
do+ y may be y\r own electrocution]4 ,x 
is safe/ to h all cell> lights controll$
 by "o or m swit*es at ! head ( ! cell> 
/airs2 b if !re is a light t mu/ be     
turn$ on 9 ! cell> itself1 leave x alone
 "u conditions ( /&+ wat] & be sure !   
fault is rectifi$ be=e ! next heavy ra9 
c cause a repetition4  ,j z /orms c make
 tr\ble bel[ /airs1 ro( & eaves may     
develop faults4 ,:]e ! ro( is ( wood5   

%+les1 "o ( ! usual causes ( leaks is a 
crack$ %+le4 ,:5 ?is *ances to be       
directly above a slight space left 9    
lay+ ! ro( = expansion betwe5 ! %+les ( 
! next c\rse1 ra91 in/ead ( fl[+ (f !   
ro(1 runs ?r\gh ?is crack & wet pla/]   
results4 ,?is does n mean t ! ro( mu/ be
 re-laid if o!rwise tight & s\nd4 ,get a
 %eet ( ro(+ t9 or copp]1 locate !      
tr\blesome crack1 & g5tly ins]t a piece 
( ! %eet metal1 trimm$ to ! "r size1    
b5ea? ! crack$ %+le4 ,prop]ly done1 y   
%\ld n f9d x necess>y to nail ! piece ( 
%eet metal because ! %+les !mselves w   
hold x 9 place4 ,:ile mak+ ?is repair1  
be c>eful n to walk on ! ro( m ?an is   
absolutely necess>y4 ,y\r weight & !    
pressure ( y\r feet may crack o!r %+les4
 ,x is bett] to "w f a ladd]4 ,?is %\ld 
h a l>ge iron hook t w cat* on !        
ridgebo>d & keep x f slipp+4 ,x also    
di/ributes ! weight ( ! man mak+ !      
repair4  ,sometimes eaves1 in/ead (     
provid+ dra9age & conduct+ ra9 f ! ro(  
to gr\nd1 "w 9 ! rev]se4 ,! damp5$ pla/]

 ( ! int]ior side walls soon betrays    
?is4 ,:5 ^! spots appe> x is probable t 
! op5+ :]e ! d[n-sp\t jo9s ! eaves-tr\gh
 is clogg$ ) leaves & small twigs4      
,remove ?is plug t has gradually        
accumulat$ r\nd ! /ra9] & once m ra9    
wat] w fl[ m]rily & noisily d[n ! sp\t4 
,also1 9 w9t]s ( unusually heavy        
sn[falls & cold wea!r1 if ! eaves-tr\ghs
 are hung too close to ! edge ( ! ro( or
 h n suffici5t slope = rapid dra9age1 ! 
sn[ on ! ro( melts1 drips to !          
eaves-tr\gh1 & freezes be=e x c fl[     
away4 ,ev5tually "s ( ?is moi/ure creeps
 b5ea? ! %+les & makes ugly damp pat*es 
on ! pla/] b5ea?4 ,imm$iate relief c be 
_h by m\nt+ a ladd]1 cle>+ ! tr\gh ( !  
ice1 & ?aw+ ! froz5 d[n-sp\t ) salt &   
kettles ( hot wat]4 ,lat]1 ! p]man5t    
rem$y is to h a practical ro(] rehang & 
adju/ ! eaves-tr\ghs4  ,because ( ! v   
nature ( w9t] wea!r1 !re are o!r        
di/ress+ ?+s t may happ5 to make life 9 
! c\ntry j a little bit less enjoyable4 
,! fir/ ( ^! is ! possibility ( an      

old-fa%ion$ blizz>d t may block roads & 
cut (f ! c\ntry dwell] f ! usual s\rce (
 supplies4 ,be=e ! days ( ! automobile1 
"o c\ld travel roads sev]al feet deep 9 
sn[ ) horse & sleigh4 ,an automobile has
 its limits & is m or less impot5t 9 m  
?an two feet ( sn[ on a road unbrok5 by 
a p[]ful pl[4 ,s1 if ! olde/ inhabitants
 c rememb] ! w9t] ( #ah-- :5 we _h sn[  
to ! top ( ! f5ce po/s1 x is a wise     
precaution to h an em]g5cy supply (     
cann$ foods on h&4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #aicd1  
we 7 sn[b\nd = ?ree days b liv$ 9 com=t1
 ?anks to a m9imum res]ve supply &1 by a
 happy co9cid5ce1 lib]al m>ket+ done !  
morn+ ! /orm began4 ,sev]al neighbors   
took to sn[%oes & skis & s made _! way  
to ! ne>e/ /ore to repl5i% ess5tials l  
milk1 meat1 eggs & ! l4 ,w9t] sports are
 a great in/itution1 b trudg+ two miles 
= a qu>t ( milk across a c\ntryside wai/
 deep 9 newly fall5 sn[ is too great a  
mixture ( bus9ess & pleasure4           
,simil>ly1 a m$ic9e cab9et /ock$ ) !    
prim>y rem$ies1 & a physician :om y "k  

suffici5tly s t y consult him by        
telephone1 are wise precautions aga9/   
sudd5 crises ( wea!r or heal?4 ,( c\rse1
 if a memb] ( y\r family is s]i\sly ill1
 y\r doctor w come ) all ha/e :5        
summon$4 ,b he is a busy man :o (t5     
works f be=e breakfa/ until ne>ly       
midnight cov]+ unbelievable di/ances 9 8
 automobile4 ,s1 if y c report illness  
cle>ly1 give exact symptoms1 & h a /ock 
( ! simple m$ic9es t y c adm9i/] z he   
directs1 bo? ! sick p]son & ! physician 
ga94 ,pres5t-day c\ntry doctors %[ _!   
appreciation = su* coop]ation by ! spe$ 
) :i* !y rea* pati5ts ^: symptoms       
indicate m ?an a m9or ailm5t4  ,b all ! 
em]g5cies ( c\ntry life are n s]i\s ev5 
?\gh !y call = action4 ,!re are scores (
 little ?+s t ! h\se own] c d = himself4
 ,take rats & mice4 ,!y w get into ! mo/
 c>efully built & be/ run h\se4 ,:5 ?is 
happ5s x is a matt] ( ei!r traps or !   
new sci5tific poison baits t dome/ic    
pets w n eat4 ,!re is also ! old f>m    
me?od ( mix+ equal p>ts ( pla/] ( ,p>is 

& corn meal1 an entree h>mless 9 itself 
b ) fatal results = ! invad+ rod5t4 ,9  
summ] !re is ! possibility ( a plague ( 
ants4 ,= ?is !re is n[ a *eap &         
sci5tific liquid bait t works rapidly4  
,9 summ]1 also1 come ^? occasional      
nights ( abnormal heat :5 no breeze     
/irs4 ,b$rooms /ay hot & sleep is       
difficult4 ,= ?is1 set an electric fan  
on ! floor ( ea* room1 po9t$ t[>d !     
ceil+1 ) a *air be=e x to s]ve z a      
b>ricade4 ,! curr5t ( air s produc$     
dislodges ! hot air 9 ! room t is above 
! level ( ! w9d[ op5+s & also provides a
 mild breeze t does n bl[ directly on a 
sleep]4 ,by actual te/s ) an accurate   
!rmomet]1 ! temp]ature ( a b$room c be  
l[]$ a full five degrees4 ,x is ?is     
diff]5ce betwe5 #hj & #he degrees t c   
make an o!rwise /ifl+ night be>able     
en\gh = refre%+ sleep4  ,also at ! "t y 
want x mo/1 usually ) ! h\se full (     
week-end gue/s1 ! hot wat] supply turns 
tepid4 ,! means ( heat+ ! wat] is       
function+ prop]ly b ! /orage tank is    

cold4 ,:5 ?is happ5s1 unless all wat]   
pip+ is ( copp] or brass1 ! *ances are  
bett] ?an ev5 t y\r tank is clogg$ )    
ru/y s$im5t4 ,?is does n mean a new     
tank4 ,x is j a matt] ( dra9+ & flu%+   
until mo/1 if n all1 ( ! s$im5t is wa%$ 
out4 ,turn (f ! pipe t supplies heat] & 
tank4 ,!n ) g>d5 hose atta*$ to ! faucet
 at ! base ( ! tank1 dra9 out all ! wat]
 t w come4 ,= a ?or\gh job unscrew ?is  
faucet & ! piece ( pipe connect+ x to ! 
tank4 ,!n turn on ! wat] supply quickly 
= two or ?ree m9utes at a "t s t a sudd5
 fl[ ( clean wat] di/urbs ! s$im5t4 ,at 
fir/ x may be almo/ z ?ick z a heavy s\p
 b gradually ! wat] w become cle>]4 ,:5 
x is normal y c replace pipe & faucet1  
relight ! wat] heat]1 & =get y\r hot    
wat] supply = at lea/ a ye>4 ,( c\rse1 x
 is bett] to und]take ?is *ore :5 y are 
)\t company1 b "o mu/ h hot wat] &1 at  
t1 ! op]ation %\ld n take ov] an h\r4   
,p]haps "s ( ! gue/s w be big he>t$ &   
(f] to help4  ,a pla/] ceil+ appe>s to  
fall )\t w>n+4 ,actually1 if y are      

obs]vant1 weak spots c be detect$ be=e  
!y rea* ! fall+ /age4 ,a slight bulge t 
gives if y press x upw>d g5tly ) ! f+]s 
is an unfail+ indication t ! pla/] has  
begun to loos5 & t possibly ! la?s b5ea?
 are also loose4 ,! be/ me?od ( correct+
 ?is is1 ( c\rse1 to engage a pla/]]4   
,he w remove :at is loose & probably mu*
 m4 ,!n1 hav+ replac$ ! defective or old
 la?1 he w re-pla/] & a prop]ly f9i%$   
job w result4  ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r    
c\rse ( action4 ,x is nei!r p]man5t nor 
z good b x w bridge a gap :5 ! family   
ex*equ] c ill af=d ! luxury ( a pla/]] &
 8 help]4 ,?is is an old f>m me?od (    
economical /op-gap repair4 ,take "s new 
co>se musl94 ,make a /rong solution (   
glue siz+2 wa% ! calcim9e or :itewa% f !
 ceil+ :]e x is weak2 pa9t ) a coat ( ! 
size2 & :5 x is almo/ dry1 spread !     
musl9 on l ceil+ pap] hav+ fir/ dipp$ x 
9 ! size4 ,:5 ! clo? is dry1 re-calcim9e
 ! ceil+4 ,su* "w is n accord+ to ! be/ 
/&>ds ( j\rneyman "w b we h kn[n a ceil+
 s /r5g!n$ to rema9 9 place = "s ye>s4  

,?is unor?odox trick 0 taught u by !    
neighborhood h&y man ^: praises we sang 
e>li]4 ,ano!r 0 ! practice ( b9d+ a wat]
 pipe1 t _h develop$ a t9y p9-hole leak1
 ) ! black /icky fabric kn[n z friction 
tape us$ by electricians4 ,x held = half
 a ye> until x 0 m conv5i5t1 f9ancially 
& o!rwise1 to h our plumb] replace !    
leak+ pipe4  ,incid5tally1 kn[+ h[ to   
?aw a wat] pipe t has1 z c\ntrym5 say1 j
 caught1 on "s abnormally cold night is 
also an accompli%m5t ( +5uity4 ,too mu* 
heat appli$ too rapidly c crack a pipe4 
,s su* "w %\ld be done 9 mod]ation4 ,be 
sure ! faucet ( ! /opp$ pipe is op54    
,!n1 locate ! spot by s5se ( feel4 ,x w 
be mu* cold] ?an ! re/ ( ! pipe4 ,fir/  
try wrapp+ x 9 clo?s wrung out 9 hot    
wat]4 ,if ?is does n produce results1   
g5tly p\r /eam+ b n boil+ wat] on ! pipe
 f a teakettle4 ,/op aft] a m9ute or two
 to let ! appli$ heat become effective4 
,if necess>y1 repeat sev]al times4 ,=   
/ubborn cases1 an electric heat] direct$
 at ! froz5 spot c be us$ effectively4  

,:5 hunt+ = ! seat ( tr\ble look at !   
spot :]e ! pipe comes ?r\gh ! floor4 ,a 
crack betwe5 floor+ & basebo>d may be ! 
air leak t has caus$ ! tr\ble4 ,next    
exam9e ! pipe along an ext]ior wall or 9
 ! direct range ( a w9d[4 ,froz5 pipes  
conceal$ 9 p>tition walls1 unless !y are
 accessible ?r\gh a panel ( removable   
woodwork1 are n = ! amateur4 ,!y are = a
 plumb] :o w "k h[ to rea* ! tr\ble )\t 
do+ o!r damage4  ,_m are ! exp$i5ts t   
life 9 ! c\ntry & fri5dly *ats ) y\r own
 h&y man c tea* y4 ,"s ( !m y w discov] 
= y\rself1 = necessity1 ! "m ( inv5tion 
& c\ntry liv+1 (t5 pres5ts m9or         
em]g5cies t ! h\se own] mu/ meet &      
conqu] = himself4 ,t is "p ( ! fun (    
liv+ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,y h escap$ ! /]eotyp$ 
city :]e su* ?+s are ! conc]n ( ap>tm5t 
h\se sup]9t5d5ts4 ,9 ! c\ntry x is ea*  
man = himself4     ,,work+ ,,) ,,nature 
,illu/ration     ,,*apt] ,,xvii  ,,work+
 ,,) ,,nature   ,9 ! home own]'s dream (
 c\ntry life1 gre5 lawns1 rose g>d5s1 & 
%ady t]races h loom$ l>ge2 b 9 ! actual 

fulfillm5t1 8 h\se has ( necessity come 
fir/4 ,beyond a sket*y cle>+ up ( ! mo/ 
obvi\s debris1 he may well come to ! end
 ( 8 fir/ summ] ) practically no?+ done 
to ! gr\nds !mselves4 ,?is is n entirely
 a disadvantage4 ,x has be5 %[n h[ too  
mu* may be done to a h\se 9 ! fir/ f]vor
 ( remodel+ or re/oration4 ,x is ! same 
) ! l& surr\nd+ x4  ,! old adage1 ,beg9 
z y c hold out1 is an excell5t rule to  
foll[4 ,"o ( ! advantages ga9$ by liv+ 9
 an area j beyond ! suburban fr+e is t  
"o's two1 five1 or t5 acres may be      
develop$ z mu* or z little z "o desires 
or c pay =4 ,?is holds :e!r y h built a 
new h\se 9 ! middle ( a =m] pa/ure or h 
re/or$ an old "o ) gr\nds well develop$ 
b long neglect$4  ,illu/ration3         
,,skillful ,,plant+ ,,( ,,trees1        
,,%rubs1 ,,& ,,fl[]s ,,make ,,! ,,sett+ 
,photo by ,samuel ,h4 ,gotts*o4         
,rob]tson ,w>d1 ar*itect  ,( c\rse1 y w 
n lack = advice f fri5ds & acqua9tances1
 mo/ ( ! p :o h nev] gr[n any?+ m       
ext5sive ?an a w9d[ box4 ,!y w tell y t 

! old lawn t has )/ood ! tread ( feet = 
m ?an a c5tury is unev5 & mu/ be pl[$   
"u1 re-grad$1 & a special k9d (         
lawn-grass s[n4 ,! driveway is all      
wrong1 too4 ,turn x back into lawn &    
build a new "o w9d+ ?r\gh ! field to !  
left :]e ! family c[ 0 once pa/ur$4 ,!y 
are also k9d en\gh to sugge/ t a pl[+1  
grad+1 & se$+ ( ?is additional acre or s
 w give y a piece ( gre5sw>d wor? hav+4 
,a lily pool & sun dial g>d5 w\ld g     
nicely ov] !re to ! ea/1 & h[ ab\t t    
holl[ place ov] 9 ! s\? corn] = a swimm+
 pool8 ,all ?is & mu* m c be sugge/$ b x
 is surpris+ h[ little ( x is practical4
  ,ev5 long neglect$ gr\nds seldom      
require z ?or\gh a job ( face lift+4 ,a 
lawn free ( holl[s is difficult to      
a*ieve & almo/ impossible to ma9ta94    
,nature does n d ?+s t way1 s "w ) h] r 
?an aga9/ h]4 ,x is surpris+ h[ old &   
seem+ly worn-out gr\nds respond to k9d  
treatm5t4 ,/udy !m fir/ be=e do+ any?+4 
,take /ock ( exi/+ trees1 %rubs & ! l4  
,notice ! cont\r ( ! l&4 ,!n make a     

simple l&scap+ plan4 ,?is1 well ?\ght   
out1 w give direction to ! ev5tual      
developm5t ( ! plot ( gr\nd y h 9 m9d4  
,"w gradually4 ,if y are reclaim+ an old
 place1 rememb] ! orig9al own] did n    
a*ieve ev]y?+ 9 a week or a ye>4 ,nature
 _c be hurri$4 ,x is true t1 if "o      
desires %ade trees & _c wait = !m to    
gr[1 exp]ts c br+ full-gr[n ones f _!   
nurs]ies & plant !m 9 ! positions y     
designate4 ,su* practices run into      
money1 h[ev]1 & w\ld h>dly come )9 !    
av]age family budget4  ,let u suppose t 
! home own] f9ds himself 9 possession ( 
a h\se ( unc]ta9 age & betwe5 t5 & tw5ty
 acres ( l&4 ,unless he is prep>$ to    
ma9ta9 a m9iature cons]vation corps1 he 
w n attempt to keep ov] two acres 9     
active cultivation4 ,ev5 ) ^? he w n pu%
 back ! wild]ness 9 "o season4 ,! fir/  
/ep is a c>eful inspection ( ! gr\nds   
ar\nd ! h\se4 ,if !y h be5 neglect$ =   
ye>s1 he may f9d practically any?+      
except grass gr[+4 ,if ! av]age t5ant   
f>m] has liv$ !re any l5g? ( "t1 ! area 

at ! back ly+ at easy toss+ di/ance f ! 
back door may conta9 a weal? ( t9 cans1 
bottles1 brok5 di%es1 & o!r debris4 ,^!1
 ( c\rse1 mu/ all be pick$ up & ei!r    
c>ri$ away by ! rubbi% collector or     
o!rwise dispos$ (4 ,we h read ( clev] p 
:o manag$ to p]suade memb]s ( _! family 
& any visit+ fri5ds t su* an und]tak+   
c\ld be made into a sort ( treasure hunt
 & "o's gr\nds clean$ pa9lessly & )\t   
add$ exp5se4 ,x did n "w ) our family4  
,a ca*e ( tw5ty-five f9e ru/y cans ne/l+
 "u ! lilacs elicit$ no?+ beyond a mild 
qu]y z to ! likelihood ( lily ( ! valley
 ?riv+ 9 ! spot4  ,s we hir$ ! man ^:   
family _h sp5t t5 long ye>s accumulat+ !
 debris1 to clean ! half acre surr\nd+ !
 h\se & he made a v neat workmanlike job
 ( x4 ,aft]w>d he comm5t$ on ! improv$  
appe>ance1 especially ( ! back y>d4     
,yes1 x looks consid]able bett]1 he     
said1 b ( c\rse ,i c\ldn't keep x t way4
 ,i'm a poor man & my "t is wor? sixty  
c5ts an h\r4 ,i c't af=d to sp5d any ( x
 pick+ up aft] myself4  ,8 philosophy is

 app>5tly n uncommon & "o may expect to 
f9d any?+ on ! l& f ru/y scy! blades to 
brok5 d[n f>m wagons & automobiles4     
,aft] ^! h be5 remov$ ! place w look    
decid$ly improv$ ev5 ?\gh a mossy gr[?  
"u ! maples d5otes s\r soil1 & burdocks 
& milkwe$ 9 ! back indicate good soil   
gone wrong4 ,along ) ridd+ ! gr\nds (   
rubbi% comes ! "q ( :at to d ) ! v>i\s  
outbuild+s4 ,^? t c be put to practical 
use %\ld be repair$ & _! f\ndations     
po9t$ up4 ,any o!rs %\ld be torn d[n z a
 dilapidat$ /ructure ( any sort is n    
only unsightly b a bre$+ place = rats4  
,z ?is ord9>y clean+ & furbi%+          
progresses1 ! new own] beg9s to get     
really acqua9t$ ) 8 place & discov] :at 
exi/s 9 ! l9e ( %rubs1 trees1 & v9es4   
,!re may ev5 be a few fl[]s t h surviv$ 
ye>s ( neglect4 ,if he is wise1 he w    
prune & pres]ve all ^! z a nucleus4     
,ar\nd !m he c build 8 g5]al l&scap+    
plan4  ,pres]ve old trees :]ev]         
possible4 ,ev5 ^? t appe> s /rick5 by   
age & neglect z to be ready = firewood  

(t5 take on a new lease ( life aft] a   
good tree surgeon has m9i/]$ to !m4 ,a  
long neglect$ lawn1 or ev5 a field t has
 be5 all[$ to run to tall grass1 c be   
reclaim$ q simply4 ,g ov] x e>ly 9 !    
spr+ ) a heavy roll] to get rid ( m9or  
holl[s & g5]al unev5ness4 ,?91 worn     
spots1 :]e x is obvi\s t no grass has   
gr[n = ye>s1 %\ld be =tifi$ ) a load or 
two ( good top soil1 roll$ & plant$ to  
grass se$4 ,o!r spots1 usually "u %ade  
trees :]e !re is ! mossy gr[? ( s\r     
soil1 %\ld be spr9kl$ lib]ally ) lime4  
,repeat$ treatm5ts w soon correct ?is   
condition & grass c aga9 be made to gr[ 
!re4 ,z soon z ! grass is ( prop] l5g?  
beg9 to cut x ) ! lawn m[]4 ,also1      
cont9u$ applications ( ! weight$ iron   
roll] ?r\gh\t ! spr+ w gradually improve
 ! g5]al cont\r & make = smoo?ness &    
ease 9 lawn m[+4  ,?is is /r5u\s "w bo? 
= ! lawn m[] & ! p]son op]at+ x4 ,! =m] 
w probably be ne>ly worn out by ! end ( 
! summ]1 s 9 *oos+ ?is tool get a good b
 n too elaborate "o4 ,lat]1 :5 ! gr\nds 

are 9 good condition w be "t en\gh to   
indulge 9 ! bett] grades ( h& or ev5 p[]
 driv5 lawn m[]s4 ,likewise1 we d n     
recomm5d ! task ( ei!r roll+ or break+ 9
 a lawn to a man :o has l$ a s$5t>y life
 = ye>s4 ,x w be *eap] 9 ! long run to  
engage a muscul> individual 9 ! locality
 :o und]/&s & is accu/om$ to su* "w4    
,:e!r su* an "o is engag$ by ! h\r1 day1
 week or ye>1 we w\ld add a ^w ( w>n+   
bas$ on our own blund]+ exp]i5ces4      
,beyond be+ sob]1 hone/1 & will+1 make  
sure he is /rong en\gh = su* heavy "w1 t
 he is reasonably intellig5t &1 mo/     
important ( all1 t he is n work+ to     
accommodate4 ,! latt] is frequ5tly voic$
 by memb]s ( decad5t native families :o 
res5t ! curse ( ,adam & l to assume t   
any ge/ure t[>d ! hat$ ?+1 call$ "w1 is 
purely volunt>y r ?an necess>y4 ,if ^!  
words fall f ! lips ( a man y are       
consid]+ = odd jobs & till+ ( ! soil1   
leave him sev]ely alone & look = a good 
en]getic individual :o kn[s he 0 made to
 "w & is glad ( x4 ,o!rwise1 !          

accommodat+ "o w condesc5d+ly %[ up = "w
 an h\r late1 reg>d y ) a pity+ smile z 
y outl9e ! job1 & !n all[ t ( c\rse y   
are ! boss b y are go+ at x all wrong4  
,:51 aft] l5g?y discussion ( h[ an      
intellig5t c\ntry-born p]son w\ld       
arrange matt]s1 he s5ses t ! evil mom5t 
( go+ to "w c no long] be put (f1 he    
directs 8 lagg+ /eps to ! spot :]e !    
tools are wait+4 ,^! he reg>ds ) blacke/
 pessimism4 ,8 attitude is t only a city
 moron w\ld provide su* poor ?+s b1 (   
c\rse1 he w d ! be/ he c ) !m4 ,9 !     
c\rse ( ! day he gets a little "w done b
 9 su* sket*y fa%ion t mo/ ( x mu/ be   
done ov]4  ,nor does he improve z ! days
 g by4 ,:5 y decide to "p ) him1        
probably soon aft] y\r fir/ inspection (
 8 "w1 y w get a fre% %ock at ! size ( 8
 bill4 ,su* p h an exagg]at$ idea ( !   
value ( _! s]vices4 ,x is difficult to  
get !m to "n a price at ! beg9n+2 & 9 ! 
r>e cases :]e a set sum is agre$ ^u1 !  
f9al reckon+ w inv>iably include c]ta9  
extras or a pla9t t ! job 0 diff]5t ?an 

y claim$ & ,i don't d heavy "w l t =    
nobody )\t ,i get extra pay & ,i 0 j    
work+ to accommodate-- & s =?4 ,usually 
y end by pay+ him & *>g+ x (f to        
exp]i5ce4  ,?is does n mean t !re is no 
good local labor4 ,x is j a matt] (     
det]m9+ :i* man is actually a good work]
 & :i* w\ld r lean on a hoe & tell h[ ! 
c\ntry ought to be run4 ,y c avoid mu*  
labor turnov] & unsatisfactory "w if y  
fir/ ask a few que/ions ( sub/antial    
memb]s ( ! c\ntryside :o are 9 ! habit (
 employ+ su* m5 & !re=e "k _! good & bad
 po9ts4 ,"o man may be /rong & will+ b s
 /upid & clumsy t he de/roys m ?an he   
e>ns2 ano!r may be deft1 +5i\s1 h an    
uncanny way ) fl[]s & vegetables1 b yet 
h su* an utt] lack ( responsibility t "o
 _c dep5d on him = any l5g? ( "t4       
,assum+ !n t a good1 dep5dable man has  
be5 f\nd :o und]/&s & has a lik+ = !    
soil1 ! task ( help+ nature to br+ out !
 be/ 9 y\r gr\nds progresses to ^? p>ts 
afflict$ by su* rank we$s z burdocks1   
?i/les1 milkwe$1 poison ivy & ! l4 ,we$s

 ) ! long tap root l burdock & yell[    
dock c be elim9at$ be/ ) a mattock4 ,)  
"o %>p bl[1 cut ! root two or ?ree in*es
 bel[ ! surface4 ,!n pull up ! top &    
toss x aside :]e x w )] 9 ! sun4 ,:at is
 left 9 ! gr\nd also dies & w n spr\t4  
,a ,canadian ?i/le is really a h&some   
sight especially 9 full bloom b x is a  
?or\ghly unpleasant we$ & mu/ be        
eradicat$4 ,dig up ea* plant ) a spad+  
=k or %>p %ovel & leave x to )] 9 !     
,july sun1 its roots %ak5 free ( e>?4   
,milkwe$ is p]si/5t b w f9ally yield if 
! /alks are consi/5tly pull$ up z soon z
 !y are ?ree or f\r in*es tall4  ,=     
poison ivy !re is "o prelim9>y4 ,be sure
 y are n "o ( ! p readily susceptible to
 its poison4 ,if y are1 leave ?is       
luxuriant p>asite alone & let "s "o else
 /ruggle ) x4 ,its poison is mo/ virul5t
 9 ! spr+ :5 ! leaves are j unfold+4    
,lat] 9 ! summ] x is n s trea*]\s4 ,te>+
 x up by ! roots1 burn+ ov] old /one    
f5ces infect$ ) x1 keep x f ov]runn+ a  
place2 b ! mo/ satisfactory me?od (     

eradicat+ is to spr9kle ! v9es ) sodium 
ars5ite4 ,?is1 by te/s at v>i\s         
agricultural /ations1 has lately be5    
f\nd a sure means ( kill+ ?is mo/       
unpleasant ( all vegetable pe/s t infect
 ! c\ntryside4  ,along ) gett+ a        
reasonable expanse ( gre5 grass1 !      
simple l&scap+ plan already ref]r$ to   
%\ld be kept 9 m9d4 ,if y h b a vague   
idea conc]n+ ?is &1 z "t goes on1 t5d to
 become m confus$ & undecid$ z to :at   
k9d ( fl[]s1 %rubs1 & v9es w\ld be mo/  
suitable or h[ !y %\ld be arrang$1      
consult ! be/ nurs]yman 9 y\r vic9ity1  
if he has n already visit$ y4 ,all ( !  
l>g] nurs]ies n[ h on _! /affs exp]i5c$ 
l&scape ar*itects4 ,_m ( !m are rec5t   
graduates ( ! recogniz$ s*ools 9 ?is    
field &1 = ! ask+1 y c h a simple       
l&scape plan = y\r gr\nds4 ,su* nurs]ies
 d ?is1 ( c\rse1 9 expectation t if !   
plan is accept$ ! ne$$ small trees1     
%rubs1 & h>dy p]5nials w be b\ght ( !m4 
,9 fact1 :5 ! plan is submitt$1 x w     
probably be accompani$ by a t5tative li/

 ( ! ne$$ plants4 ,^! y c buy ei!r      
deliv]$ ready = plant+1 or a some:at    
high] price w include ?is s]vice by m5 f
 ! nurs]y4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! nurs]y    
usually gu>antees t ev]y?+ suppli$ w    
live = a ye> or be replac$ )\t *>ge4    
,p]sonally1 we h f\nd t ! ne>] home we  
b\ght nurs]y /ock1 ! bett] 7 its *ances 
( liv+ & ?riv+4 ,!re is no adju/m5t to  
diff]5t climatic conditions & su* plants
 & %rubs are only a v %ort "t out ( !   
soil be=e !y are plant$ 9 y\r gr\nds    
ei!r by y or ! man s5t f ! nurs]y4      
,ne>ly always !y put _! roots d[n &     
cont9ue gr[+ ) little or no int]ruption4
  ,! matt]s ( g>d5s1 fl[] b$s1 & bord]s 
aga9 dep5d on ! cont\r ( ! l& & h[ x c  
be/ be relat$ to ! h\se4 ,fur!r1 unless 
y are well v]s$ 9 g>d5+1 x is be/ to get
 advice z to ! fl[]s & plants t ?rive   
be/ 9 a giv5 spot4 ,x is disc\rag+ to   
lay out a rose g>d5 or a mode/ bord] (  
h>dy climb]s & f9d y h pick$ j ! wrong  
place = !m to ?rive4 ,x is ! same )     
c]ta9 p]5nials4  ,rock g>d5s are mo/    

picturesque & l5d !mselves to a l>ge    
v>iety ( h>dy & int]e/+ plants4 ,! mo/  
successful are ^? :]e nature supplies ! 
framework4 ,"o ( ! lovelie/ we ev] saw  
_h orig9ally be5 a pig/y4 ,halfway up a 
hillside two l>ge b\ld]s jutt$ out &    
bel[ !m a rocky =mation desc5d$ 9 %elf-l
 /eps to a level surface4 ,+5i\s plant+ 
& pati5t c>e trans=m$ ?is into a mass ( 
color & bloom t has be5 admir$ = miles4 
,its own] has gradually exp&$ x & has   
ev5 add$ rocks dug f a neighbor+ field4 
,! f>m] :o suppli$ !m %ook 8 head       
resign$ly4 ,well1 ,i've liv$ 9 ^! p>ts a
 long "t & se5 pl5ty ( que] ?+s4 ,i c   
und]/& pay+ a man to dig out rocks b ?is
 is ! fir/ "t ,i 0 ev] ask$ to dump !m  
on good l&4  ,! =mal g>d5 is usually "p 
( ! developm5t ( ! v ambiti\s c\ntry    
e/ate4 ,su* gr\nds are ! result ( plans 
prep>$ by a practic+ l&scape ar*itect1  
engag$ on a fee basis z ) o!r ar*itects4
 ,accord+ to ! arrangem5ts he w prep>e !
 plans or he w also sup]vise _!         
execution4 ,:ile !re are "s rem>kable   

=mal g>d5s 9 ,am]ica1 beautifully       
design$ & kept 9 p]fect condition by    
skillful g>d5]s engag$ by ! ye>1 mo/    
homes d n h su* sophi/icat$ sett+s4     
,popul> inde$ is an area ( well-kept    
lawn surr\nd$ by naturali/ic plant+s (  
trees1 %rubs1 & h$ges t give privacy &  
frame ! :ole4 ,add to ?is bord]s ( fl[]+
 plants1 annuals & p]5nials1 & f spr+ to
 late fall su* a spot becomes an outdoor
 liv+ room4 ,"h ! family sp5ds mo/ ( its
 "t4 ,real en?usia/s eat _m ( _! meals  
"h4  ,z = ! vegetable g>d51 keep x      
small4 ,! new c\ntry dwell]'s fir/ g>d5 
is usually ?ree times ! size ne$$ or t  
he c take c>e (4 ,vegetables h a way (  
ei!r produc+ no?+ or be>+ 9 su*         
abundance t ! av]age family is swamp$ 9 
pl5ty4 ,:e!r or n ! excess is cann$1    
dep5ds on ! "t & en]gy ( ! h\sewife or  
h] cook4 ,) gre5 vegetables n[ available
 ! ye> ar\nd1 !re are two s*ools ( ?\ght
 z to ! real economy ( home cann+4 ,!re 
is ev5 pl5ty ( controv]sy ov] ! "q ( a  
family vegetable g>d54 ,"s hold t aft] !

 normal *>ges = f]tiliz]1 se$s & labor  
are met1 any vegetables t may result    
actually co/ f> m ?an if b\ght 9 !      
retail m>ket4 ,to ?is ! pro-g>d5ites    
retort t ! *>ges = se$s & f]tiliz] are  
small & t a c]ta9 am\nt ( /ruggle )     
spade & hoe is good = a man :o has sp5t 
all day 9 a /uffy (fice4 ,let him d 8   
own spad+1 cultivat+1 & plant+4 ,a half 
h\r or s e ev5+ w keep ! g>d5 free (    
we$s &1 9 due "t1 vegetables fre% f !   
g>d5 w result4 ,!y w be sup]ior 9 flavor
 & w actually h co/ less ?an ev5 ! l>ge/
 *a9 /ores c af=d to sell !m =4  ,out ( 
t5 ye>s' exp]i5ce1 we c only /ate t bo? 
are "r 9 a measure4 ,:e!r or n a        
vegetable g>d5 pays1 breaks ev51 or goes
 into ! r$1 dep5ds to a l>ge degree on !
 own] himself4 ,if he has a flair = mak+
 ?+s gr[ & has a def9ite am\nt ( "t to  
devote to !m1 8 g>d5 w n only ?rive b   
pay divid5ds4 ,b if a bus9ess trip is   
imp]ative j at ! "t ! g>d5 %\ld be      
plant$1 or "s press+ engagem5t causes   
him to def] transplant+ 8 cabbages & 8  

tomato plants beyond ! prop] "t1 he mu/ 
ei!r get "s "o to take c>e ( 8 g>d5 or d
 )\t "o4 ,!re is a lure1 h[ev]1 to hav+ 
y\r own vegetables1 s mo/ ( u close our 
eyes to any di/ress+ figures on !       
h\sehold l$g] & g ahead & h a g>d5      
anyway4  ,"o busy man compromises by    
hav+ 8 g>d5 prep>$ = plant+ by a local  
man ( all "w :o also keeps 8 grass cut &
 8 bord]s trimm$4 ,!n he plants a few   
easily gr[n & t5d$ vegetables1 su* z    
lettuce1 p>sley1 /r+ beans1 c>rots1     
sp9a*1 crookneck squa%1 tomatoes1 &     
corn4 ,ar\nd ^!1 l a bord]1 he plants   
%[y annuals l z9nias1 cosmos1 cal5dula1 
m>igolds & s =?4 ,8 g>d5 is a colorful1 
attractive spot4 ,he has vegetables = ! 
table & pl5ty ( fl[]s = cutt+4 ,! latt] 
preclude any argum5t ov] :e!r 8 g>d5    
pays s9ce1 oddly en\gh1 ! subject ( a   
fl[] g>d5 nev] seems to take a m]c5>y   
turn4  ,di/9ct additions to ! kit*5 g>d5
 are an h]b b$1 a few rhub>b plants1 &  
an asp>agus b$4 ,! latt]1 because x     
takes "t to become e/abli%$1 seems      

difficult b lay+ out a prop] b$ is n s  
h>d4 ,also1 9 two to ?ree ye>s ! plants 
w h rea*$ ! /age :]e ! l>g] /alks may be
 cut = consumption4 ,at fir/ ?is %\ld be
 done judici\sly 9 ord] n to kill !     
plants b aft] ano!r ye> or two ! b$ w   
yield consi/5tly4 ,aft] x is well       
e/abli%$1 x provides ! fir/ home-gr[n   
vegetables ( spr+ & be>s = ab\t six     
weeks4 ,aft]w>ds all x requires is an   
occasional we$+ & fall mul*+ ) f]tiliz] 
& leaves4  ,z = ! tools t keep g>d5s &  
gr\nds 9 condition1 a special %$ is     
advisable4 ,don't try to keep !m 9 a    
tool h\se or section giv5 ov] to saws1  
planes1 *isels & bits4 ,!y get 9 a      
hopeless jumble4 ,no?+ is m disc\rag+   
?an to g out to :at %\ld be a tidy      
little spot to d a bit ( m5d+ or m9or   
job ( c>p5try & f9d e>? encru/$ g>d5    
tr[els1 we$]s1 & su* ge> scatt]$ all ov]
 ! "w b5*4 ,! grit s adh]+ is fatal to  
%>p-edg$ tools1 :ile sprays1 du/+ p[d]s1
 & f]tiliz]s give (f fumes t ru/ !m4    
,we w\ld also add a few k9d words = !   

v>i\s b]ries & small fruits4 ,except =  
/rawb]ries1 :i* mu/ be kept we$$ &      
replant$ p]iodically1 b]ries are our    
ideal ( easily c>$ = fruits4            
,raspb]ries1 = in/ance1 nev] become     
really *eap 9 ! m>ket because ( _!      
p]i%able nature4 ,yet ) ! v m9imum (    
c>e1 cutt+ out old canes aft] ! be>+    
season is ov] & keep+ we$s d[n ) a mul* 
( hay1 a comp>atively small pat* ( r$   
raspb]ries1 )9 ?ree ye>s ( plant+1 w    
produce all ! fruit an av]age family c  
eat or be will+ to pick4 ,! o!r v>iety1 
kn[n z black caps1 are no m tr\ble &    
equally prolific4 ,^! are at _! be/ 9   
pie &1 = ! pleasures ( a succession (   
fre% black raspb]ry pies ea* summ]1 we  
he>tily recomm5d plant+ a doz5 canes at 
! same "t t ! r$ raspb]ry pat* is />t$4 
,blackb]ry canes gr[ s rankly & be> su* 
brutal ?orns t ! annual crop seems h>dly
 wor? ! torn clo?+ & bad scrat*es t     
ga!r+ !m entails1 especially z !y are to
 be _h at su* reasonable prices 9 !     
av]age m>ket4 ,blueb]ries are ano!r     

matt]4 ,?ree or f\r good bu%es ( ! k9d  
(f]$ by mo/ nurs]ies w keep ! family 9  
blueb]ry pie ) little ef=t on ! "p ( !  
p]son :o ga!rs !m4 ,currants &          
gooseb]ries are easily gr[n b h "o s]i\s
 fault4 ,^! bu%es h>bor plant pe/s t "w 
havoc ) ev]gre5s & a numb] ( ! ornam5tal
 %rubs4 ,= t reason we long ago         
eradicat$ any gr[+ on our place4  ,!n   
!re are ! v>i\s fruit trees1 *]ry1 pea*1
 pe>1 & apple4 ,all ( ^!1 = a successful
 yield1 require consi/5t c>e & prun+4   
,!y mu/ be spray$ at c]ta9 seasons =    
scale & pe/ or ! crop w be meag] & poor4
 ,) dw>f trees n[ gr[n by all nurs]ies1 
prop] c>e c be giv5 ) simple equipm5t & 
!re is no d\bt t home-gr[n fruits t are 
tree-rip5$ are sweet] & ( full] flavor  
?an ^? t come f ! m>ket4 ,s a few ( ^!  
trees may well be an addition to y\r    
c\ntry place1 b plant !m kn[+ ! c>e     
requir$4  ,a grape arbor is a mo/       
attractive feature & s9ce prun+ c be    
done any pleasant w9t] day1 ! "w ( t5d+ 
a few v9es is s small z to be h>dly wor?

 consid]+4 ,9 ,septemb] x is a real     
pleasure to /ray pa/ ! arbor & pluck a  
bun* ( ,niag>a1 ,catawba1 or ,concord   
grapes & eat !m on ! spot4 ,s =         
decoration & fruit borne1 a few grape   
v9es are m ?an wor? ! slight att5tion !y
 require4  ,by work+ ?us intellig5tly ) 
,nature1 y w enjoy h] b\nties--& ?is1   
aft] all1 is ! supreme rew>d (f]$ by a  
c\ntry home4  ,illu/ration