,,! ,,complete ,,works ,,( ,,john ,,rusk9 ,,volume ,i ,,poetry ,,( ,,ar*itecture ,,sev5 ,,lamps ,,( ,,ar*itecture ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,rusk9 ,libr>y ,edition ,,! ,,complete ,,works ,,( ,,john ,,rusk9 ,,poetry ,,( ,,ar*itecture ,,sev5 ,,lamps ,,mod]n ,,pa9t]s ,,volume ,i ,,national ,,libr>y ,,association ,,new ,,york1 ,,*icago ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,ar*itecture2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,ar*itecture ,,( ,,! ,,nations ,,( ,,europe ,,consid]$ ,,9 ,,its ,,association ,,) ,,natural ,,sc5]y ,,& ,,national ,,"*4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,introduction #a ,,"p ,i4--,,! ,,cottage4 ,i4 ,,! ,,l[l& ,,cottage--,,engl& ,,& ,,france #g ,,ii4 ,,! ,,l[l& ,,cottage--,,italy #ae ,,iii4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,cottage--,,switz]l& #be ,,iv4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,cottage--,,we/morel& #ce ,v4 ,a ,,*apt] ,,on ,,*imneys #de ,,vi4 ,,! ,,cottage--,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks #eg ,,"p ,,ii4--,,! ,,villa4 ,i4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,villa--,,lago ,,di ,,como #fg ,,ii4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,villa--,,lago ,,di ,,como 7,,cont9u$7 #hj ,,iii4 ,,! ,,italian ,,villa 7,,conclud$7 #id ,,iv4 ,,! ,,l[l& ,,villa--,,engl& #ajd ,v4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,villa--,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,composition #aac ,,vi4 ,,! ,,briti% ,,villa4--,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,composition4 7,,! ,,cultivat$1 ,,or ,,blue ,,c\ntry1 ,,& ,,! ,,wood$1 ,,or ,,gre5 ,,c\ntry7 #abf ,,vii4 ,,! ,,briti% ,,villa4--,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,composition4 7,,! ,,hill1 ,,or ,,br[n ,,c\ntry7 #ade ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4 ,fac+ ,page ,fig4 #a4 ,old ,w9d[s2 f an e>ly sket* by ! ,au?or #ac #b4 ,italian ,cottage ,gall]y1 #ahdf #bj ,cottage ne> la ,cit1 ,val d',ao/a1 #ahch #ba #c4 ,swiss ,cottage1 #ahcg4 7,reproduc$ f ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e7 #bh #d4 ,cottage ne> ,altorf1 #ahce #bi #e4 ,swiss ,*let ,balcony1 #ahdb #cb #f4 ,! ,highe/ ,h\se 9 ,engl&1 at ,malham #db #g4 ,*imneys4 7,eighte5 sket*es r$rawn f ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e7 #dh #h4 ,coni/on ,hall1 f ! ,lake ne> ,brantwood1 #ahcg4 7,reproduc$ f ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e7 #ej #i4 ,*imney at ,neu*atel2 ,d5t du ,midi & ,mont ,blanc 9 ! di/ance #bj #aj4 ,petr>*'s ,villa1 ,arqu1 #ahcg4 7,r$rawn f ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e7 #ih #aa4 ,brok5 ,curves4 7,?ree diagrams1 r$rawn f ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e7 #aja #ab4 ,old ,engli% ,mansion1 #ahcg4 7,reproduc$ f ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e7 #aaf #ac4 ,w9d[s4 7,?ree designs1 reproduc$ f ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e7 #abb #ad4 ,lead+ ,l9es ( ,villa-,composition4 7,diagram r$rawn f ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e7 #afd ,,prefatory ,,notes4 ,( ?is "w ,mr4 ,,rusk9 says 9 8 ,autobiography3--,! idea _h come into my head 9 ! summ] ( '#cg1 &1 ,i imag9e1 rose imm$iately out ( my s5se ( ! contra/ betwe5 ! cottages ( ,we/morel& & ^? ( ,italy4 ,anyh[1 ! ,novemb] numb] ( ,l\don's ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e = #ahcg op5s ) ',introduction to ! ,poetry ( ,ar*itecture2 or ! ,ar*itecture ( ! ,nations ( ,europe consid]$ 9 its ,association ) ,natural ,sc5]y & ,national ,"*1' by ,kata ,phus94 ,i c\ld n h put 9 few]1 or m inclusive words1 ! def9ition ( :at half my future life 0 to be sp5t 9 disc\rs+ (2 :ile ! nom-de-plume ,i *ose1 ',,accord+ ,,to ,,nature1' 0 equally expressive ( ! temp] 9 :i* ,i 0 to disc\rse alike on t1 & e o!r subject4 ,! adoption ( a nom-de-plume at all impli$ 7z also ! concealm5t ( "n on ! fir/ publication ( ',mod]n ,pa9t]s'7 a s5se ( a p[] ( judgm5t 9 myself1 :i* x w\ld n h be5 becom+ 9 a y\? ( eighte5 to claim4444 ,z x is1 ^! y\?ful essays1 ?\gh de=m$ by assumption1 & %all[ 9 cont5ts1 are curi\sly "r up to ! po9ts !y rea*2 & already di/+ui%$ above mo/ ( ! lit]ature ( ! "t1 = ! skill ( language1 :i* ! public at once felt = a pleasant gift 9 me4 7,prt]ita1 vol4 ,i4 *ap4 #ab47 ,9 a pap] on ,my ,fir/ ,editor1 writt5 9 #ahgh1 ,mr4 ,rusk9 says ( ^! essays t !y conta9 s5t5ces ne>ly z well put toge!r z any ,i h done s9ce4 ,! ,conductor ( ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e 9 review+ ! ye>'s "w said 7,decemb]1 #ahch73--,"o s]ies ( pap]s1 comm5c$ 9 ! la/ volume & conclud$ 9 ! pres5t "o1 we consid] to be ( p>ticul> value to ! "y ar*itect4 ,we allude to ! ',essays on ! ,poetry ( ,ar*itecture1' by ,kata ,phus94 ,^! essays w af=d little pleasure to ! m]e build]1 or to ! ar*itect :o has no pr9ciple ( guidance b prec$5t2 b = su* read]s !y 7 nev] int5d$4 ,!y are address$ to ! "y & unprejudic$ arti/2 & _! great object is to induce him to ?9k & to ex]cise 8 reason4444 ,!re are "s1 we tru/1 ( ! ris+ g5]ation1 :o are able to free !mselves f ! trammels & ar*itectural bigotry ( ,vitruvius & 8 foll[]s2 & x is to su* alone t we look =w>d = any real improvem5t 9 ar*itecture z an art ( design & ta/e4 ,! essays are 9 two p>ts3 ! fir/ describ+ ! cottages ( ,engl&1 ,france1 ,switz]l&1 & ,italy1 & giv+ h9ts & directions = picturesque cottage-build+4 ,! second "p treats ( ! villas ( ,italy & ,engl&--) special ref]5ce to ,como & ,w9d]m]e2 & concludes ) a discussion ( ! laws ( arti/ic composition1 & practical sugge/ions ( int]e/ to ! build]s ( c\ntry-h\ses4 ,x 0 ! ,au?or's orig9al int5tion to h proce$$ f ! cottage & ! villa to ! high] =ms ( ,ar*itecture2 b ! ,magaz9e to :i* he contribut$ 0 br\ght to a close %ortly aft] ! completion ( 8 *apt]s on ! villa1 & 8 promise ( f>!r /udies 0 n r$eem$ until t5 ye>s lat]1 by ! publication ( ,! ,sev5 ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture1 & /ill m completely 9 ,! ,/ones ( ,v5ice4 ,o!r pap]s contribut$ by ,mr4 ,rusk9 to ! same ,magaz9e1 on ,p]spective1 & on ! propos$ monum5t to ,sir ,walt] ,scott at ,ed9burgh1 are n includ$ 9 ?is volume1 z !y d n =m any "p ( ! s]ies on ! ,poetry ( ,ar*itecture4 ,! text is c>efully repr9t$ f ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e4 ,a few additional notes are di/+ui%$ by squ>e brackets4 ,a few ( ! old cuts1 necess>y to ! text1 are reproduc$1 & "s are replac$ by engrav+s f sket*es by ! ,au?or4 ,possessors ( ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e1 vol4 ,v41 w be int]e/$ 9 comp>+ ! wood-cut ( ! cottage 9 ,val d',ao/a 7p4 #ajd ( t volume7 ) ! photogravure f ! orig9al p5cil draw+1 :i* faces p4 #ba ( ?is "w4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ! orig9al ( ! ,coni/on ,hall 7fig4 #h2 p4 #ej ( ?is "w7 has disappe>$1 & t ! ,au?or's y\?ful record ( a sc5e s famili> to him 9 lat] ye>s %\ld be repres5t$ only by ! h>% l9es ( ,mr4 ,l\don's engrav]4 ,,! ,,editor4 ,,introduction4 #a4 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,ar*itecture1 foll[$ out to its full ext5t1 is "o ( ! noble/ ( ^? :i* h ref]5ce only to ! creations ( human m9ds4 ,x is n m]ely a sci5ce ( ! rule & compass1 x does n consi/ only 9 ! obs]vation ( j rule1 or ( fair proportion3 x is1 or ought to be1 a sci5ce ( feel+ m ?an ( rule1 a m9i/ry to ! m9d1 m ?an to ! eye4 ,if we consid] h[ mu* less ! beauty & maje/y ( a build+ dep5d ^u its pleas+ c]ta9 prejudices ( ! eye1 ?an ^u its r\s+ c]ta9 tra9s ( m$itation 9 ! m9d1 x w %[ 9 a mom5t h[ _m intricate que/ions ( feel+ are involv$ 9 ! rais+ ( an edifice2 x w conv9ce u ( ! tru? ( a proposition1 :i* might at fir/ h appe>$ />tl+1 t no man c be an ar*itect1 :o is n a metaphysician4 #b4 ,to ! illu/ration ( ! dep>tm5t ( ?is noble sci5ce :i* may be designat$ ! ,poetry ( ,ar*itecture1 ?is & "s future articles w be d$icat$4 ,x is ?is peculi>ity ( ! art :i* con/itutes its nationality2 & x w be f\nd z int]e/+ z x is useful1 to trace 9 ! di/9ctive *>act]s ( ! ar*itecture ( nations1 n only its adaptation to ! situation & climate 9 :i* x has aris51 b its /rong simil>ity to1 & connection )1 ! prevail+ turn ( m9d by :i* ! nation :o fir/ employ$ x is di/+ui%$4 #c4 ,i consid] ! task ,i h impos$ ^u myself ! m necess>y1 because ?is dep>tm5t ( ! sci5ce1 p]haps reg>d$ by "s :o h no ideas beyond /one & mort> z *im]ical1 & by o!rs :o ?9k no?+ necess>y b tru? & proportion z useless1 is at a mis]ably l[ ebb 9 ,engl&4 ,& :at is ! consequ5ce8 ,we h ,cor9?ian columns plac$ beside pila/]s ( no ord] at all1 surm\nt$ by mon/rosifi$ pepp]-boxes1 ,go?ic 9 =m & ,grecian 9 detail1 9 a build+ nom9ally & peculi>ly ,national2 we h ,swiss cottages1 falsely & calumni\sly s entitl$1 dropp$ 9 ! brick-fields r\nd ! metropolis2 & we h />+ squ>e-w9d[$1 flat-ro($ g5tlem5's seats1 ( ! la? & pla/]1 mock-magnific5t1 ,reg5t's ,p>k description1 ris+ on ! woody promontories ( ,d]w5twat]4 #d4 ,h[ deeply is x to be regrett$1 h[ mu* is x to be wond]$ at1 t1 9 a c\ntry ^: s*ool ( pa9t+1 ?\gh degrad$ by its sy/em ( m]etrici\s color+1 & disgrac$ by ho/s ( w\ld-be imitators ( inimitable individuals1 is yet rais$ by ! di/+ui%$ tal5t ( ^? individuals to a place ( well-des]v$ honor2 & ! /udios ( ^: sculptors are fill$ ) designs ( ! mo/ pure simplicity1 & mo/ p]fect animation2 ! s*ool ( ar*itecture %\ld be s mis]ably debas$6 #e4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m reasons = a fact s lam5table4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! patrons ( ar*itecture 7,i am speak+ ( all classes ( build+s1 f ! l[e/ to ! highe/71 are a m num]\s & less capable class ?an ^? ( pa9t+4 ,! g5]al public1 & ,i say x ) sorr[1 because ,i "k x f obs]vation1 h little to d ) ! enc\ragem5t ( ! s*ool ( pa9t+1 beyond ! p[] :i* !y unque/ionably possess1 & unm]cifully use1 ( compell+ our arti/s to sub/itute gl>e = beauty4 ,obs]ve ! direction ( public ta/e at any ( our exhibitions4 ,we see visitors at t ( ! ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat] ,colors1 pass+ ,tayl] ) ana!mas & ,lewis ) indiff]5ce1 to rema9 9 rev]5ce & admiration be=e c]ta9 amiable :ite lambs & wat]-lilies1 ^: arti/s %all be nameless4 ,we see !m1 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 pass+ by ,wilkie1 ,turn] & ,callcott1 ) %rugs ( d\bt or ( scorn1 to fix 9 gaz+ & en?usia/ic cr[ds ^u kettles-full ( wit*es1 & ,8 ,maje/y's %ips s & s ly+ to 9 a gale1 etc41 etc4 ,b ^! pictures atta9 no celebrity because ! public admire !m1 = x is n to ! public t ! judgm5t is intru/$4 ,x is by ! *os5 few1 by our nobility & m5 ( ta/e & tal5t1 t ! decision is made1 ! fame be/[$1 & ! arti/ enc\rag$4 #f4 ,n s 9 ar*itecture4 ,!re1 ! p[] is g5]ally diffus$4 ,e citiz5 may box himself up 9 z b>b>\s a t5em5t z suits 8 ta/e or incl9ation2 ! ar*itect is 8 vassal1 & mu/ p]mit him n only to criticise1 b to p]petrate4 ,! palace or ! nobleman's seat may be rais$ 9 good ta/e1 & become ! admiration ( a nation2 b ! influ5ce ( _! own] is t]m9at$ by ! b\nd>y ( 8 e/ate3 he has no comm& ov] ! adjac5t sc5]y1 & ! possessor ( e ?irty acres ar\nd him has him at 8 m]cy4 ,! /reets ( our cities are examples ( ! effects ( ?is cla%+ ( diff]5t ta/es2 & !y are ei!r rem>kable = ! utt] abs5ce ( all attempt at embelli%m5t1 or disgrac$ by e v>iety ( abom9ation4 #g4 ,aga91 9 a climate l ours1 ^? few :o h k & feel+ to di/+ui% :at is beautiful1 are frequ5tly prev5t$ by v>i\s circum/ances f erect+ x4 ,john ,bull's com=t p]petually int]f]es ) 8 good ta/e1 & ,i %\ld be ! fir/ to lam5t 8 los+ s mu* ( 8 nationality1 z to p]mit ! latt] to prevail4 ,he _c put 8 w9d[s into a recess1 )\t d>k5+ 8 rooms2 he _c raise a n>r[ gable above 8 walls1 )\t knock+ 8 head aga9/ ! raft]s2 &1 wor/ ( all1 he _c d ei!r1 )\t be+ /igmatiz$ by ! awful1 inevitable epi!t1 ( a v odd man4 ,b1 ?\gh mu* ( ! degradation ( our pres5t s*ool ( ar*itecture is ow+ to ! want or ! unfitness ( patrons1 surely x is yet m attributable to a lam5table defici5cy ( ta/e & tal5t among our ar*itects !mselves4 ,x is true1 t 9 a c\ntry af=d+ s little enc\ragem5t1 & pres5t+ s _m causes = its abs5ce1 x _c be expect$ t we %\ld h any ,mi*ael ,angelo ,buon>ottis4 ,! en]gy ( our ar*itects is exp5d$ 9 rais+ neat poor-h\ses1 & pretty *>ity s*ools2 &1 if !y ev] ent] ^u a "w ( high] rank1 economy is ! ord] ( ! day3 pla/] & /ucco are sub/itut$ = granite & m>ble2 rods ( spla%$ iron = columns ( v]d-antique2 & 9 ! wild /ruggle aft] novelty1 ! fanta/ic is mi/ak5 = ! graceful1 ! complicat$ = ! impos+1 sup]fluity ( ornam5t = beauty1 & its total abs5ce = simplicity4 #h4 ,b all ^! disadvantages might 9 "s degree be c\nt]act$1 all ^! abuses 9 "s degree prev5t$1 7 x n = ! slight att5tion paid by our ar*itects to t bran* ( ! art :i* ,i h above designat$ z ! ,poetry ( ,ar*itecture4 ,all unity ( feel+ 7:i* is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( good ta/e7 is neglect$2 we see no?+ b incongru\s comb9ation3 we h p9nacles )\t height1 w9d[s )\t light1 columns ) no?+ to su/a91 & buttresses ) no?+ to support4 ,we h p>i% paup]s smok+ _! pipes & dr9k+ _! be] "u ,go?ic ar*es & sculptur$ ni*es2 & quiet old ,engli% g5tlem5 recl9+ on crocodile /ools1 & peep+ out ( ! w9d[s ( ,swiss *lets4 #i4 ,i %all attempt1 !re=e1 to endeavor to illu/rate ! pr9ciple f ! neglect ( :i* ^! abuses h aris52 t ( unity ( feel+1 ! basis ( all grace1 ! ess5ce ( all beauty4 ,we %all consid] ! ar*itecture ( nations z x is influ5c$ by _! feel+s & mann]s1 z x is connect$ ) ! sc5]y 9 :i* x is f\nd1 & ) ! skies "u :i* x 0 erect$2 we %all be l$ z mu* to ! /reet & ! cottage z to ! temple & ! t[]2 & %all be m int]e/$ 9 build+s rais$ by feel+1 ?an 9 ^? correct$ by rule4 ,we %all comm5ce ) ! l[] class ( edifices1 proce$+ f ! roadside to ! village1 & f ! village to ! city2 &1 if we succe$ 9 direct+ ! att5tion ( a s+le individual m directly to ?is mo/ int]e/+ dep>tm5t ( ! sci5ce ( ar*itecture1 we %all n h writt5 9 va94 ,,"p ,i4 ,! ,cottage4 ,,! ,,l[l& ,,cottage3--,,engl&1 ,,france1 ,,italy3 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,cottage3--,,switz]l& ,,& ,,we/morel&3 ,a ,,*apt] ,,on ,,*imneys3 ,,& ,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,cottage-,,build+4 ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,ar*itecture4 ,i4 ,,! ,,l[l& ,,cottage--,,engl& ,,& ,,france4 #aj4 ,( all embelli%m5ts by :i* ! ef=ts ( man c enhance ! beauty ( natural sc5]y1 ^? are ! mo/ effective :i* c give animation to ! sc5e1 :ile ! _s :i* !y be/[ is 9 unison ) its g5]al "*4 ,x is g5]ally desirable to indicate ! pres5ce ( animat$ exi/5ce 9 a sc5e ( natural beauty2 b only ( su* exi/5ce z %all be imbu$ ) ! _s1 & %all p>take ( ! ess5ce1 ( ! beauty1 :i*1 )\t x1 w\ld be dead4 ,if our object1 !re=e1 is to embelli% a sc5e ! "* ( :i* is peaceful & unpret5d+1 we mu/ n erect a build+ fit = ! abode ( weal? or pride4 ,h[ev] beautiful or impos+ 9 itself1 su* an object imm$iately indicates ! pres5ce ( a k9d ( exi/5ce unsuit$ to ! sc5]y :i* x inhabits2 & ( a m9d :i*1 :5 x s\ght retirem5t1 0 unacqua9t$ ) its own rul+ feel+s1 & :i* consequ5tly excites no sympa?y 9 ours3 b1 if we erect a dwell+ :i* may appe> adapt$ to ! wants1 & suffici5t = ! com=t1 ( a g5tle he>t & l[ly m9d1 we h in/antly atta9$ our object3 we h be/[$ animation1 b we h n di/urb$ repose4 #aa4 ,x is = ?is reason t ! cottage is "o ( ! embelli%m5ts ( natural sc5]y :i* des]ve att5tive consid]ation4 ,x is beautiful always1 & ev]y:]e4 ,:e!r look+ out ( ! woody d+le ) its eye-l w9d[1 & s5d+ up ! motion ( azure smoke betwe5 ! silv] trunks ( ag$ trees2 or gr\p$ among ! bright cornfields ( ! fruitful pla92 or =m+ gray clu/]s along ! slope ( ! m\nta9 side1 ! cottage always gives ! idea ( a ?+ to be belov$3 a quiet life-giv+ voice1 t is z peaceful z sil5ce itself4 #ab4 ,) ^! feel+s1 we %all devote "s "t to ! consid]ation ( ! prevail+ "*1 & national peculi>ities1 ( ,european cottages4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ wor?y ( obs]vation 9 ! l[l& cottage ( ,engl& is its f9i%$ neatness4 ,! ?at* is firmly pegg$ d[n1 & ma!matically level$ at ! edges2 &1 ?\gh ! m>t9 is p]mitt$ to atta* 8 humble domicile1 9 undi/urb$ security1 to ! eaves1 he may be consid]$ z enhanc+ ! effect ( ! cottage1 by increas+ its usefulness1 & mak+ x contribute to ! com=t ( m be+s ?an "o4 ,! :itewa% is /a9less1 & its r\gh surface cat*es a side light z brightly z a front "o3 ! luxuriant rose is tra9$ gracefully ov] ! w9d[2 & ! gleam+ lattice1 divid$ n into heavy squ>es1 b into small po9t$ diamonds1 is ?r[n half op51 z is j discov]$ by its glance among ! gre5 leaves ( ! sweetbri]1 to admit ! breeze1 t1 z x passes ov] ! fl[]s1 becomes full ( _! fragrance4 ,! light wood5 por* breaks ! flat ( ! cottage face by its projection2 & a bran* or two ( w&]+ honeysuckle spread ov] ! l[ hat*4 ,a few squ>e feet ( g>d5 & a lat*$ wicket1 p]suad+ ! we>y & du/y p$e/rian1 ) expressive eloqu5ce1 to lean ^u x = an in/ant & reque/ a dr9k ( wat] or milk1 complete a picture1 :i*1 if x be f> en\gh f ,london to be unspoil$ by t[n sophi/ications1 is a v p]fect ?+ 9 its way4#a ,! ideas x awak5s are agreeable1 & ! ar*itecture is all t we want 9 su* a situation4 ,x is pretty & appropriate2 & if x boa/$ ( any o!r p]fection1 x w\ld be at ! exp5se ( its propriety4 ,footnote #a3 ,comp>e ,lectures on ,ar*itecture & ,pa9t+1 ,i4 #af4 #ac4 ,let u n[ cross ! ,*annel1 & endeavor to f9d a c\ntry cottage on ! o!r side1 if we c2 = x is a difficult matt]4 ,!re are _m villages2 b su* a ?+ z an isolat$ cottage is extremely r>e4 ,let u try "o or two ( ! gre5 valleys among ! *alk em95ces :i* sweep f ,abbeville to ,r\54 ,"h is a cottage at la/1 & a picturesque "o1 :i* is m ?an we c\ld say = ! ,engli% domicile4 ,:at !n is ! diff]5ce8 ,!re is a g5]al air ( non*alance ab\t ! ,fr5* peasant's habitation1 :i* is aid$ by a p]fect want ( ev]y?+ l neatness2 & r5d]$ m conspicu\s by "s po9ts ab\t ! build+ :i* h a look ( neglect$ beauty1 & oblit]at$ ornam5t4 ,half ( ! :itewa% is worn (f1 & ! o!r half color$ by v>i\s mosses & w&]+ li*5s1 :i* h be5 p]mitt$ to vegetate ^u x1 & :i*1 ?\gh beautiful1 con/itute a k9d ( beauty f :i* ! ideas ( age & decay are insep>able4 ,! tall ro( ( ! g>ret w9d[ /&s fanta/ically out2 & und]nea? x1 :]e1 9 ,engl&1 we _h a pla9 d\ble lattice1 is a deep recess1 flatly ar*$ at ! top1 built ( solid masses ( gray /one1 flut$ on ! edge2 :ile ! brightness ( ! glass )9 7if !re be any7 is lo/ 9 %ade1 caus+ ! recess to appe> to ! obs]v] l a d>k eye4 ,! door has ! same "*3 x is also ( /one1 :i* is s mu* brok5 & disguis$ z to prev5t x f giv+ any idea ( /r5g? or /ability4 ,! entrance is always op52 no roses1 or any?+ else1 are wrea!d ab\t x2 sev]al ou?\ses1 built 9 ! same /yle1 give ! build+ ext5t2 & ! gr\p 79 all probability1 ! dep5d5cy ( "s l>ge old *teau 9 ! di/ance7 does n peep out ( copse1 or ?icket1 or a gr\p ( tall & beautiful trees1 b /&s com=tlessly betwe5 two individuals ( ! columns ( long-trunk$ facsimile elms1 :i* keep gu>d along ! l5g? ( ! public road4 #ad4 ,n[1 let x be obs]v$ h[ p]fectly1 h[ s+ul>ly1 ! di/9ctive *>act]s ( ^! two cottages agree ) ^? ( ! c\ntries 9 :i* !y are built2 & ( ! p = ^: use !y are con/ruct$4 ,engl& is a c\ntry ^: e sc5e is 9 m9iature4#b ,its gre5 valleys are n wide2 its dewy hills are n high2 its =e/s are ( no ext5t1 or1 r1 x has no?+ t c pret5d to a m s\nd+ title ?an t ( wood4 ,its *ampaigns are m9utely *eck]$ into fields2 we c nev] see f> at a "t2 & !re is a s5se ( some?+ inexpressible1 except by ! truly ,engli% ^w snug1 9 e quiet nook & %elt]$ lane4 ,! ,engli% cottage1 !re=e1 is equally small1 equally %elt]$1 equally invisible at a di/ance4 ,footnote #b3 ,comp>e ) ?is *apt]1 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 vol4 iv4 *ap4 #a4 #ae4 ,b ,france is a c\ntry on a l>ge scale4 ,l[1 b long1 hills sweep away = miles into va/ un9t]rupt$ *ampaigns2 imm5se =e/s %ad[ ! c\ntry = hundr$s ( squ>e miles1 )\t once lett+ ?r\gh ! light ( day2 its pa/ures & arable l& are divid$ on ! same scale2 !re are no f5ces2 we c h>dly place ourselves 9 any spot :]e we %all n see = leagues ar\nd2 & !re is a k9d ( com=tless sublimity 9 ! size ( e sc5e4 ,! ,fr5* cottage1 !re=e1 is on ! same scale1 equally l>ge & desolate look+2 b we %all see1 pres5tly1 t x c ar\se feel+s :i*1 ?\gh !y _c be said to give x sublimity1 yet are ( a high] ord] ?an any :i* c be awak5$ at ! sight ( ! ,engli% cottage4 #af4 ,aga91 e bit ( cultivat$ gr\nd 9 ,engl& has a f9i%$ neatness2 ! fields are all divid$ by h$ges or f5ces2 ! fruit trees are neatly prun$2 ! roads beautifully made1 etc4 ,ev]y?+ is ! rev]se 9 ,france3 ! fields are di/+ui%$ by ! nature ( ! crops !y be>2 ! fruit trees are ov]gr[n ) moss & mi/letoe2 & ! roads immeasurably wide1 & mis]ably made4 #ag4 ,s mu* = ! "* ( ! two cottages1 z !y assimilate ) ! c\ntries 9 :i* !y are f\nd4 ,let u n[ see h[ !y assimilate ) ! "* ( ! p by :om !y are built4 ,engl& is a c\ntry ( p]petually increas+ prosp]ity & active ent]prise2 b1 = t v reason1 no?+ is all[$ to rema9 till x gets old4 ,l>ge old trees are cut d[n = timb]2 old h\ses are pull$ d[n = ! mat]ials2 & old furniture is laugh$ at & neglect$4 ,ev]y?+ is p]petually alt]$ & r5ew$ by ! activity ( inv5tion & improvem5t4 ,! cottage1 consequ5tly1 has no dilapidat$ look ab\t x2 x is nev] suff]$ to get old2 x is us$ z long z x is com=table1 & !n tak5 d[n & rebuilt2 = x 0 orig9ally rais$ 9 a /yle incapable ( resi/+ ! ravages ( "t4 ,b1 9 ,france1 !re prevail two opposite feel+s1 bo? 9 ! extreme2 t ( ! old p$igre$ population1 :i* pres]ves unlimit$ly2 & t ( ! mod]n revolutioni/s1 :i* de/roys unm]cifully4 ,e object has p>tly ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 pres]v$ ) inf9ite c>e f an indef9ite age1 & p>tly exhibits ! evid5ce ( rec5t ill-treatm5t & disfiguration4 ,primeval =e/s re> _! va/ trunks ov] ^? ( _m y\ng] g5]ations gr[+ up beside !m2 ! *teau or ! palace1 %[+1 by its /yle ( ar*itecture1 its v5]able age1 be>s ! m>ks ( ! cannon-ball1 &1 f neglect1 is )]+ into desolation4 ,little is r5ew$3 !re is little _s ( improvem5t2 & ! cu/oms :i* prevail$ c5turies ago are /ill taught by ! patri>*s ( ! families to _! gr&*ildr54 ,! ,fr5* cottage1 !re=e1 is j su* z we %\ld h expect$ f ! disposition ( its inhabitants2 its massive w9d[s1 its brok5 ornam5ts1 its :ole air & appe>ance1 all tell ! same tale ( v5]able age1 respect$ & pres]v$1 till at la/ its dilapidation we>s an appe>ance ( neglect4 #ah4 ,aga91 ! ,engli%man w sacrifice ev]y?+ to com=t1 & w n only take great pa9s to secure x1 b he has g5]ally also ! p[] ( do+ s3 = ! ,engli% peasant is1 on ! av]age1 weal?i] ?an ! ,fr5*4 ,! ,fr5* peasant has no idea ( com=t1 & !re=e makes no ef=t to secure x4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! "* ( _! inhabitants is1 z we h se51 writt5 on ! fronts ( _! respective cottages4 ,! ,engli%man is1 also1 fond ( display2 b ! ornam5ts1 ext]ior & int]ior1 ) :i* he adorns 8 dwell+1 h[ev] small x may be1 are ei!r to %[ ! ext5t ( 8 possessions1 or to contribute to "s p]sonal pr(it or gratification3 !y nev] seem design$ = ! sake ( ornam5t alone4 ,?us1 8 wife's love ( display is %[n by ! r[s ( useless crock]y 9 h] cupbo>d2 & 8 own by ! rose tree at ! front door1 f :i* he may obta9 an e>ly bud to /ick 9 ! buttonhole ( 8 be/ blue coat on ,sundays3 ! honeysuckle is cultivat$ = its smell1 ! g>d5 = its cabbages4 ,n s 9 ,france4 ,!re1 ! meane/ peasant1 ) an equal or great] love ( display1 embelli%es 8 dwell+ z mu* z lies 9 8 p[]1 solely = ! gratification ( 8 feel+ ( :at is agreeable to ! eye4 ,! gable ( 8 ro( is prettily %ap$2 ! ni*e at its corn] is ri*ly c>v$2 ! wood5 beams1 if !re be any1 are fa%ion$ into grotesque figures2 & ev5 ! air nglig & g5]al dilapidation ( ! build+ tell a ?\s& times m agreeably to an eye accu/om$ to ! picturesque1 ?an ! spruce pres]vation ( ! ,engli% cottage4 #ai4 ,no build+ :i* we feel to excite a s5tim5t ( m]e complac5cy c be said to be 9 good ta/e4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 ! build+ is ( su* a class1 t x c nei!r a/oni% by its beauty1 nor impress by its sublimity1 & :5 x is likewise plac$ 9 a situation s un9t]e/+ z to r5d] some?+ m ?an m]e fitness or propriety necess>y1 & to compel ! eye to expect some?+ f ! build+ itself1 a g5tle contra/ ( feel+ 9 t build+ is exce$+ly desirable2 & if possible1 a s5se t some?+ has pass$ away1 ! pres5ce ( :i* w\ld h be/[$ a deep] int]e/ on ! :ole sc5e4 ,! fancy w imm$iately try to recov] ?is1 &1 9 ! endeavor1 w obta9 ! desir$ effect f an indef9ite cause4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,old ,w9d[s3 f an e>ly sket* by ! ,au?or4 #bj4 ,n[1 ! ,fr5* cottage _c please by its propriety1 = x c only be adapt$ to ! ugl9ess ar\nd2 &1 z x ought to be1 & _c b be1 adapt$ to ?is1 x is /ill less able to please by its beauty4 ,h[1 !n1 c x please8 ,!re is no pret5se to gayety 9 its appe>ance1 no gre5 fl[]-pots 9 ornam5tal lattices2 b ! sub/antial /yle ( any ornam5ts x may possess1 ! recess$ w9d[s1 ! /one c>v+s1 & ! g5]al size ( ! :ole1 unite to produce an impression ( ! build+ hav+ once be5 fit = ! resid5ce ( pr\d] inhabitants2 ( its hav+ once possess$ /r5g?1 :i* is n[ )]$1 & beauty1 :i* is n[ fad$4 ,?is s5se ( some?+ lo/1 some?+ :i* has be51 & is n1 is precisely :at is want$4 ,! imag9ation is set actively to "w 9 an in/ant2 & we are made aw>e ( ! pres5ce ( a beauty1 ! m pleas+ because vision>y2 &1 :ile ! eye is pity+ ! actual humility ( ! pres5t build+1 ! m9d is admir+ ! imag9$ pride ( ! pa/4 ,e m>k ( dilapidation increases ?is feel+2 :ile ^! v m>ks 7! fractures ( ! /one1 ! li*5s ( ! mold]+ walls1 & ! graceful l9es ( ! s9k+ ro(7 are all delightful 9 !mselves4 #ba4 ,?us1 we h %[n t1 :ile ! ,engli% cottage is pretty f its propriety1 ! ,fr5* cottage1 hav+ ! same connection ) its climate1 c\ntry1 & p1 produces su* a contra/ ( feel+ z be/[s on x a beauty address+ itself to ! m9d1 & is !re=e 9 p]fectly good ta/e4 ,if we are ask$ :y1 9 ?is in/ance1 good ta/e produces only :at e travel] feels to be n 9 ! lea/ /rik+1 we reply t1 :]e ! surr\nd+ circum/ances are unfavorable1 ! v adaptation to !m :i* we h decl>$ to be necess>y r5d]s ! build+ un9t]e/+2 & t1 9 ! next pap]1 we %all see a v diff]5t result f ! op]ations ( equally good ta/e 9 adapt+ a cottage to its situation1 9 "o ( ! noble/ di/ricts ( ,europe4 ,our subject w be1 ! ,l[l& ,cottage ( ,nor? ,italy4 ,,ox=d1 ,sept41 #ahcg4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,l[l& ,,cottage--,,italy4 ,mo/ musical1 mo/ melan*oly4 #bb4 ,let x n be ?\ght t we are unnecess>ily deta9+ our read]s f ! propos$ subject1 if we premise a few rem>ks on ! "* ( ! l&scape ( ! c\ntry we h n[ ent]$4 ,x w always be necess>y to obta9 "s def9ite k ( ! di/9ctive features ( a c\ntry1 be=e we c =m a j e/imate ( ! beauties or ! errors ( its ar*itecture4 ,we wi% our read]s to imbue !mselves z f> z may be ) ! _s ( ! clime :i* we are n[ ent]+2 to ca/ away all g5]al ideas2 to look only = unison ( feel+1 & to pron\nce ev]y?+ wrong :i* is contr>y to ! humors ( nature4 ,we mu/ make !m feel :]e !y are2 we mu/ ?r[ a peculi> light & color ov] _! imag9ations2 !n we w br+ _! judgm5t into play1 = !n x w be capable ( j op]ation4 #bc4 ,we h pass$1 x mu/ be obs]v$ 79 leav+ ,engl& & ,france = ,italy71 f com=t to desolation2 f excitem5t1 to sadness3 we h left "o c\ntry prosp]\s 9 its prime1 & ano!r frivol\s 9 its age1 = "o glori\s 9 its dea?4 ,n[1 we h prefix$ ! hackney$ l9e ( ,il ,p5s]oso to our pap]1 because x is a def9ition ( ! ess5ce ( ! beautiful4 ,:at is mo/ musical1 w always be f\nd mo/ melan*oly2 & no real beauty c be obta9$ )\t a t\* ( sadness4 ,:5ev] ! beautiful loses its melan*oly1 x deg5]ates into prett9ess4 ,we appeal to ! memories ( all our obs]v+ read]s1 :e!r !y h treasur$ up any sc5e1 pret5d+ to be m ?an pretty1 :i* has n ab\t x ei!r a t+e ( melan*oly or a s5se ( dang]2 ! "o con/itutes ! beautiful1 ! o!r ! sublime4 #bd4 ,?is po/ulate be+ grant$1 z we are sure x w by mo/ 7& we beg to assure ^? :o are refractory or argum5tative1 t1 7 ?is a treatise on ! sublime & beautiful1 we c\ld conv9ce & quell _! incr$ulity to _! entire satisfaction by innum]able in/ances71 we proce$ to rem>k "h1 once = all1 t ! pr9cipal glory ( ! ,italian l&scape is its extreme melan*oly4 ,x is fitt+ t x %\ld be s3 ! dead are ! nations ( ,italy2 h] "n & h] /r5g? are dwell+ ) ! pale nations und]nea? ! e>?2 ! *ief & *os5 boa/ ( h] utmo/ pride is ! hic jacet2 %e is b "o wide sepul*]1 & all h] pres5t life is l a %ad[ or a memory4 ,& !re=e1 or1 r1 by a mo/ beautiful co9cid5ce1 h] national tree is ! cypress2 & :oev] has m>k$ ! peculi> "* :i* ^! noble %ad[y spires c give to h] l&scape1 lift+ _! maje/ic troops ( wav+ d>kness f beside ! fall5 column1 or out ( ! mid/ ( ! sil5ce ( ! %ad[$ temple & wor%ipless %r9e1 se5 f> & wide ov] ! blue ( ! fa9t pla91 )\t lov+ ! d>k trees = _! sympa?y ) ! sadness ( ,italy's sweet cemet]y %ore1 is "o :o pr(anes h] soil ) 8 foot/eps4 #be4 ,e "p ( ! l&scape is 9 unison2 ! same glory ( m\rn+ is ?r[n ov] ! :ole2 ! deep blue ( ! heav5s is m+l$ ) t ( ! ev]la/+ hills1 or melt$ away into ! sil5ce ( ! sapphire sea2 ! pale cities1 temple & t[]1 lie gleam+ along ! *ampaign2 b h[ calmly6 no hum ( m52 no motion ( multitude 9 ! mid/ ( !m3 !y are voiceless z ! city ( a%es4 ,! transp>5t air is g5tle among ! blossoms ( ! orange & ! dim leaves ( ! olive2 & ! small f\nta9s1 :i*1 9 any o!r l&1 w\ld spr+ m]rily along1 sp>kl+ & s++ among t9kl+ pebbles1 "h fl[ calmly & sil5tly into "s pale font ( m>ble1 all beautiful ) life2 work$ by "s unkn[n h&1 long ago n]veless1 & fall & pass on among wan fl[]s1 & sc5t$ copse1 ?r\gh cool leaf-light$ caves or gray ,eg]ian grottoes1 to jo9 ! ,tib] or ,eridanus1 to swell ! waves ( ,nemi1 or ! ,l>ian ,lake4 ,! mo/ m9ute objects 7leaf1 fl[]1 & /one71 :ile !y add to ! beauty1 seem to %>e 9 ! sadness1 ( ! :ole4 #bf4 ,b1 if "o pr9cipal "* ( ,italian l&scape is melan*oly1 ano!r is elevation4 ,we h no simple ru/icity ( sc5e1 no c[slip & butt]cup humility ( seclusion4 ,tall mulb]ry trees1 ) fe/oons ( ! luxuriant v9e1 purple ) pond]\s clu/]s1 trail$ & trellis$ betwe5 & ov] !m1 %ade ! wide fields ( /ately ,indian corn2 luxuriance ( l(ty vegetation 7catalpa1 & aloe1 & olive71 rang+ itself 9 l9es ( massy light along ! wan *ampaign1 guides ! eye away to ! unfail+ wall ( m\nta91 ,alp or ,ap5n9e2 no cold long range ( %iv]y gray1 b dazzl+ light ( sn[1 or undulat+ bread? ( blue1 fa9t] & d>k]1 9 inf9ite v>iety2 peak1 precipice1 & promontory pass+ away into ! wood$ hills1 ea* ) its t[] or :ite village slop+ into ! pla92 ca/ellat$ battlem5ts cre/+ _! undulations2 "s wide maje/ic riv] glid+ along ! *ampaign1 ! bridge on its brea/1 & ! city on its %ore2 ! :ole canopi$ ) cl\dless azure1 bask+ 9 mi/less sun%9e1 brea?+ ! sil5ce ( odorif]\s air4 #bg4 ,n[ comes ! "q4 ,9 a c\ntry ( ?is pomp ( natural glory1 temp]$ ) melan*oly memory ( dep>t$ pride1 :at are we to wi% =1 :at are we naturally to expect 9 ! "* ( h] mo/ humble edifices2 ^? :i* are mo/ connect$ ) pres5t life--lea/ ) ! pa/8 :at are we to consid] fitt+ or beautiful 9 h] cottage8 ,we d n expect x to be com=table1 :5 ev]y?+ ar\nd x betok5s decay & desolation 9 ! works ( man4 ,we d n wi% x to be neat1 :]e nature is mo/ beautiful1 because neglect$4 ,b we naturally look = an elevation ( "*1 a ri*ness ( design or =m1 :i*1 :ile ! build+ is kept a cottage1 may yet give x a peculi> air ( cottage ari/ocracy2 a beauty 7no matt] h[ dilapidat$7 :i* may appe> to h be5 once fitt$ = ! surr\nd+ spl5dor ( sc5e & climate4 ,n[1 let u fancy an ,italian cottage be=e u4 ,! read] :o has travel$ 9 ,italy w f9d little difficulty 9 recall+ "o to 8 memory1 ) its broad l9es ( light & %ad[1 & its /range1 b n unpleas+ mixture ( gr&eur & desolation4 ,let u exam9e its details1 enum]ate its ar*itectural peculi>ities1 & see h[ f> x agrees ) our preconceiv$ idea ( :at ! cottage ought to be8 #bh4 ,! fir/ rem>kable po9t ( ! build+ is ! ro(4 ,x g5]ally consi/s ( tiles ( v deep curvature1 :i* rib x into di/9ct v]tical l9es1 giv+ x a f> m agreeable surface ?an t ( our flatt] til+4 ,! =m ( ! ro(1 h[ev]1 is always excessively flat1 s z nev] to let x intrude ^u ! eye2 & ! consequ5ce is1 t1 :ile an ,engli% village1 se5 at a di/ance1 appe>s all r$ ro(1 ! ,italian is all :ite wall2 & !re=e1 ?\gh always bright1 is nev] gaudy4 ,we h 9 ^! ro(s an excell5t example ( :at %\ld always be kept 9 m9d1 t ev]y?+ w be f\nd beautiful1 :i* climate or situation r5d] useful4 ,! /rong & con/ant heat ( ! ,italian sun w\ld be intol]able if admitt$ at ! w9d[s2 &1 !re=e1 ! edges ( ! ro( project f> ov] ! walls1 & ?r[ long %ad[s d[nw>ds1 s z to keep ! upp] w9d[s con/antly cool4 ,^! long oblique %ad[s on ! :ite surface are always delightful1 & are alone suffici5t to give ! build+ "*4 ,!y are peculi> to ! build+s ( ,spa9 & ,italy2 = ow+ to ! g5]al d>k] color ( ^? ( m nor!rly climates1 ! %ad[s ( _! ro(s1 h[ev] f> ?r[n1 d n tell di/9ctly1 & r5d] !m1 n v>i$1 b gloomy4 ,ano!r ornam5tal use ( ^! %ad[s is1 t !y break ! l9e ( junction ( ! wall ) ! ro(3 a po9t always desirable1 & 9 e k9d ( build+1 :e!r we h to d ) lead1 slate1 tile1 or ?at*1 "o ( extreme difficulty4 ,?is object is f>!r =w>d$ 9 ! ,italian cottage1 by putt+ two or ?ree w9d[s up "u ! v eaves !mselves1 :i* is also done = coolness1 s t _! tops are =m$ by ! ro(2 & ! wall has ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 t]m9at$ by l>ge battlem5ts & ro($ ov]4 ,&1 f9ally1 ! eaves are seldom kept long on ! same level3 d\ble or treble r[s ( til+ are introduc$2 long /icks & irregul> wood-"w are occasionally atta*$ to !m1 to assi/ ! fe/oons ( ! v9e2 & ! graceful irregul>ity & m>k$ "* ( ! :ole mu/ be dwelt on ) equal delight by ! eye ( ! poet1 ! arti/1 or ! unprejudic$ ar*itect4 ,all1 h[ev]1 is exce$+ly humble2 we h n yet met ) ! elevation ( "* we expect$4 ,we %all f9d x h[ev] z we proce$4 #bi4 ,! next po9t ( int]e/ is ! w9d[4 ,! mod]n ,italian is completely owl-l 9 8 habits4 ,all ! daytime he lies idle & in]t2 b dur+ ! night he is all activity1 b x is m]e activity ( inoccupation4 ,idl5ess1 p>tly induc$ by ! temp]ature ( ! climate1 & p>tly consequ5t on ! decay+ prosp]ity ( ! nation1 leaves indications ( its influ5ce on all 8 und]tak+s4 ,he pref]s pat*+ up a ru9 to build+ a h\se2 he raises %ops & hovels1 ! abodes ( inactive1 vegetat+1 bruti% pov]ty1 "u ! protection ( ag$ & ru9$1 yet /alw>t1 ar*es ( ! ,roman amphi!at]2 & ! habitations ( ! l[] ord]s frequ5tly pres5t traces ( ornam5t & /ability ( mat]ial evid5tly belong+ to ! rema9s ( a pr\d] edifice4 ,?is is ! case sometimes to su* a degree z1 9 ano!r c\ntry1 w\ld be disagreeable f its impropriety2 b1 9 ,italy1 x corresponds ) ! g5]al prom95ce ( ! features ( a pa/ age1 & is always beautiful4 ,?us1 ! eye re/s ) delight on ! brok5 mold+s ( ! w9d[s1 & ! sculptur$ capitals ( ! corn] columns1 contra/$1 z !y are1 ! "o ) ! glassless blackness )91 ! o!r ) ! ragg$ & dirty confusion ( drap]y ar\nd4 ,! ,italian w9d[1 9 g5]al1 is a m]e hole 9 ! ?ick wall1 always well proportion$2 occasionally ar*$ at ! top1 sometimes ) ! addition ( a little ri* ornam5t3 seldom1 if ev]1 hav+ any casem5t or glass1 b fill$ up ) any bit ( /rip$ or color$ clo?1 :i* may h ! slighte/ *ance ( deceiv+ ! di/ant obs]v] into ! belief t x is a legitimate bl9d4 ,?is keeps (f ! sun1 & all[s a free circulation ( air1 :i* is ! great object4 ,:5 x is abs5t1 ! w9d[ becomes a m]e black hole1 hav+ mu* ! same relation to a glaz$ w9d[ t ! holl[ ( a skull has to a bright eye2 n unexpressive1 b fr[n+ & gha/ly1 & giv+ a disagreeable impression ( utt] empt9ess & desolation )94 ,yet !re is "* 9 !m3 ! black dots tell agreeably on ! walls at a di/ance1 & h no disagreeable sp>kle to di/urb ! repose ( surr\nd+ sc5]y4 ,besides1 ! temp]ature r5d]s ev]y?+ agreeable to ! eye1 :i* gives x an idea ( v5tilation4 ,a few r\ghly con/ruct$ balconies1 project+ f deta*$ w9d[s1 usually break ! uni=mity ( ! wall4 ,9 "s ,italian cottages !re are wood5 gall]ies1 resembl+ ^? s frequ5tly se5 9 ,switz]l&2 b ?is is n a v g5]al "*1 except 9 ! m\nta9 valleys ( ,nor? ,italy1 al?\gh sometimes a passage is effect$ f "o project+ portion ( a h\se to ano!r by means ( an ext]ior gall]y4 ,^! are v delightful objects2 & :5 %ad$ by luxuriant v9es1 :i* is frequ5tly ! case1 imp>t a gracefulness to ! build+ o!rwise unatta9able4 #cj4 ,! next /rik+ po9t is ! arcade at ! base ( ! build+4 ,?is is g5]al 9 cities2 &1 al?\gh frequ5tly want+ to ! cottage1 is pres5t (t5 en\gh to r5d] x an important feature4 ,9 fact1 ! ,italian cottage is usually f\nd 9 gr\ps4 ,isolat$ build+s are r>e2 & ! arcade af=ds an agreeable1 if n necess>y1 %ade1 9 pass+ f "o build+ to ano!r4 ,x is a /ill m unfail+ feature ( ! ,swiss city1 :]e x is useful 9 deep sn[4 ,b ! supports ( ! ar*es 9 ,switz]l& are g5]ally squ>e masses ( wall1 v>y+ 9 size1 sep>at+ ! ar*es by irregul> int]vals1 & su/a9$ by broad & massy buttresses2 :ile 9 ,italy1 ! ar*es g5]ally re/ on legitimate columns1 v>y+ 9 height f "o & a half to f\r diamet]s1 ) huge capitals1 n unfrequ5tly ri* 9 detail4 ,^! give great gracefulness to ! build+s 9 gr\ps3 !y w be spok5 ( m at l>ge :5 we are treat+ ( arrangem5t & situation4 ,illu/ration3 ,italian ,cottage ,gall]y1 #ahdf4 ,*imney at ,neu*atel2 ,d5t du ,midi & ,mont ,blanc 9 ! di/ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,cottage ne> la ,cit1 ,val d',ao/a1 #ahch4 #ca4 ,! squ>e t[]1 ris+ ov] ! ro( ( ! f>!r cottage1 w n escape obs]vation4 ,x has be5 all[$ to rema91 n because su* elevat$ build+s ev] belong to m]e cottages1 b1 fir/1 t ! tru? ( ! sc5e might n be de/roy$2#c &1 secondly1 because x is impossible1 or ne>ly s1 to obta9 a gr\p ( build+s ( any sort1 9 ,italy1 )\t "o or m su* objects ris+ beh9d !m1 beautifully contribut+ to de/roy ! monotony1 & contra/ ) ! horizontal l9es ( ! flat ro(s & squ>e walls4 ,we ?9k x "r1 !re=e1 to give ! cottage ! relief & contra/ :i*1 9 reality1 x possess$1 ev5 ?\gh we are at pres5t speak+ ( x 9 ! ab/ract4 ,footnote #c3 ,! annex$ illu/ration w1 p]haps1 make ! rem>ks advanc$ m intelligible4 ,! build+1 :i* is close to ! city ( ,ao/a1 unites 9 itself all ! peculi>ities = :i* ! ,italian cottage is rem>kable3 ! d>k arcade1 ! sculptur$ capital1 ! v9e-cov]$ gall]y1 ! flat & confus$ ro(2 & cle>ly exhibits ! po9ts to :i* we wi% p>ticul>ly to direct att5tion2 namely1 brightness ( effect1 simplicity ( =m1 & elevation ( "*4 ,let x n be suppos$1 h[ev]1 t su* a comb9ation ( attributes is r>e2 on ! contr>y1 x is common to ! great] "p ( ! cottages ( ,italy4 ,?is build+ has n be5 select$ z a r>e example1 b x is giv5 z a good "o4 ,^! rem>ks ref] to a cut 9 ! magaz9e text1 repres5t$ 9 ! illu/rat$ edition by a photogravure f ! orig9al sket*4 #cb4 ,hav+ n[ review$ ! di/9ctive p>ts ( ! ,italian cottage 9 detail1 we %all proce$ to direct our att5tion to po9ts ( g5]al "*4 ,i4 ,simplicity ( =m4 ,! ro(1 be+ flat1 all[s ( no project+ g>ret w9d[s1 no fanta/ic gable ends3 ! walls !mselves are equally flat2 no b[-w9d[s or sculptur$ oriels1 su* z we meet ) p]petually 9 ,g]many1 ,france1 or ! ,ne!rl&s1 v>y _! :ite fronts4 ,n[1 ?is simplicity is1 p]haps1 ! pr9cipal attribute by :i* ! ,italian cottage atta9s ! elevation ( "* we desir$ & expect$4 ,all t is fanta/ic 9 =m1 or frivol\s 9 detail1 annihilates ! ari/ocratic air ( a build+3 x at once de/roys its sublimity & size1 besides awak5+1 z is almo/ always ! case1 associations ( a mean & l[ "*4 ,! mom5t we see a gable ro(1 we ?9k ( cock-l(ts2 ! in/ant we obs]ve a project+ w9d[1 ( attics & t5t-b$/eads4 ,n[1 ! ,italian cottage assumes1 ) ! simplicity1 l'air noble ( build+s ( a high] ord]2 &1 ?\gh x avoids all ridicul\s m9iature mimicry ( ! palace1 x disc>ds ! humbl] attributes ( ! cottage4 ,! ornam5t x assumes is dignifi$2 no gr9n+ faces1 or unmean+ not*$ planks1 b well-proportion$ ar*es1 or ta/efully sculptur$ columns4 ,:ile !re is no?+ ab\t x unsuit$ to ! humility ( its inhabitant1 !re is a g5]al dignity 9 its air1 :i* h>monizes beautifully ) ! nobility ( ! neighbor+ edifices1 or ! glory ( ! surr\nd+ sc5]y4 #cc4 ,,ii4 ,brightness ( effect4 ,!re are no wea!r /a9s on ! walls3 !re is no dampness 9 air or e>?1 by :i* !y c\ld be induc$2 ! heat ( ! sun scor*es away all li*5s1 & mosses & moldy vegetation4 ,no ?at* or /one crop on ! ro( unites ! build+ ) surr\nd+ vegetation2 all is cle>1 & w>m1 & %>p on ! eye2 ! m di/ant ! build+1 ! m g5]ally bright x becomes1 till ! di/ant village sp>kles out ( ! orange copse1 or ! cypress grove1 ) s mu* di/9ctness z might be ?\ght 9 "s degree objectionable4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! prevail+ color ( ! ,italian l&scape is blue2 sky1 hills1 wat]1 are equally azure3 ! olive1 :i* =ms a great proportion ( ! vegetation1 is n gre51 b gray2 ! cypress & its v>ieties1 d>k & neutral1 & ! laurel & myrtle f> f bright4 ,n[1 :ite1 :i* is intol]able ) gre51 is agreeably contra/$ ) blue2 & to ?is cause x mu/ be ascrib$ t ! :ite ( ! ,italian build+ is n f\nd />tl+ & disagreeable 9 ! l&scape4 ,t x is n1 we believe1 w be g5]ally all[$4 #cd4 ,,iii4 ,elegance ( feel+4 ,we nev] c prev5t ourselves f imag9+ t we p]ceive 9 ! graceful neglig5ce ( ! ,italian cottage1 ! evid5ce ( a ta/e among ! l[] ord]s ref9$ by ! glory ( _! l&1 & ! beauty ( its rema9s4 ,we h always _h /rong fai? 9 ! influ5ce ( climate on ! m9d1 & feel /rongly tempt$ to discuss ! subject at l5g?2 b our pap] has already exce$$ its propos$ limits1 & we mu/ cont5t ourselves ) rem>k+ :at w n1 we ?9k1 be disput$1 t ! eye1 by con/antly re/+ ei!r on natural sc5]y ( noble tone & "*1 or on ! ar*itectural rema9s ( classical beauty1 mu/ contract a habit ( feel+ correctly & ta/efully2 ! influ5ce ( :i*1 we ?9k1 is se5 9 ! /yle ( edifices ! mo/ mod]n & ! mo/ humble4 #ce4 ,la/ly1 ,dilapidation4 ,we h j us$ ! t]m graceful neglig5ce3 :e!r x be graceful1 or n1 is a matt] ( ta/e2 b ! uncom=table & ru9\s disord] & dilapidation ( ! ,italian cottage is "o ( obs]vation4 ,! spl5dor ( ! climate requires no?+ m ?an %ade f ! sun1 & occasionally %elt] f a viol5t /orm3 ! out] arcade af=ds !m bo?2 x becomes ! nightly l\nge & daily dormitory ( its inhabitant1 & ! int]ior is ab&on$ to fil? & decay4 ,indol5ce wat*es ! too? ( ,"t ) c>eless eye & n]veless h&4 ,religion1 or its abuse1 r$uces e individual ( ! population to utt] inactivity ?ree days out ( ! sev52 & ! habits =m$ 9 ! ?ree regulate ! f\r4 ,abject pov]ty takes away ! p[]1 :ile bruti% slo? weak5s ! w2 & ! fil?y habits ( ! ,italian prev5t him f suff]+ f ! /ate to :i* he is r$uc$4 ,! %att]$ ro(s1 ! d>k1 confus$1 ragg$ w9d[s1 ! obscure *amb]s1 ! tatt]$ & dirty drap]ies1 altoge!r pres5t a picture :i*1 se5 too ne>1 is sometimes revolt+ to ! eye1 always melan*oly to ! m9d4 ,yet ev5 ?is _m w\ld n wi% to be o!rwise4 ,! prosp]ity ( nations1 z ( individuals1 is cold & h>d-he>t$1 & =getful4 ,! dead die1 inde$1 trampl$ d[n by ! cr[d ( ! liv+2 ! place !re( %all "k !m no m1 = t place is n 9 ! he>ts ( ! survivors = ^: int]e/s !y h made way4 ,b adv]sity & ru9 po9t to ! sepul*]1 & x is n trodd5 on2 to ! *ronicle1 & x do? n decay4 ,:o w\ld sub/itute ! ru% ( a new nation1 ! /ruggle ( an awak5+ p[]1 = ! dreamy sleep ( ,italy's desolation1 = h] sweet sil5ce ( melan*oly ?\ght1 h] twilight "t ( ev]la/+ memories8 #cf4 ,su*1 we ?9k1 are ! pr9cipal di/9ctive attributes ( ! ,italian cottage4 ,let x n be ?\ght t we are wa/+ "t 9 ! contemplation ( its beauties2 ev5 ?\gh !y are ( a k9d :i* ! ar*itect c nev] imitate1 because he has no comm& ov] "t1 & no *oice ( situation2 & :i* he ought n to imitate1 if he c\ld1 because !y are only locally desirable or admirable4 ,our object1 let x always be rememb]$1 is n ! atta9m5t ( ar*itectural data1 b ! =mation ( ta/e4 ,oct4 #ab1 #ahcg ,,iii4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,cottage--,,switz]l&4 #cg4 ,9 ! ?ree in/ances ( ! l[l& cottage :i* h be5 already consid]$1 are includ$ ! *ief peculi>ities ( /yle :i* are int]e/+ or important4 ,i h n1 x is true1 spok5 ( ! c>v$ oak5 gable & %ad[y ro( ( ! ,norman village2 ( ! black cross$ raft]s & fanta/ic proportions :i* delight ! eyes ( ! ,g]man2 nor ( ! ,moori% ar*es & confus$ gall]ies :i* m+le s magnific5tly ) ! inimitable fretwork ( ! gray temples ( ! ,spani>d4 ,b ^! are n peculi>ities solely belong+ to ! cottage3 !y are f\nd 9 build+s ( a high] ord]1 & seldom1 unless :]e !y are comb9$ ) o!r features4 ,!y are !re=e r to be consid]$1 9 future1 z elem5ts ( /reet effect1 ?an1 n[1 z ! peculi>ities ( indep5d5t build+s4 ,my rem>ks on ! ,italian cottage might1 inde$1 be appli$1 7 x n = ! con/ant pres5ce ( ,moori% feel+1 to t ( ,spa94 ,! ar*itecture ( ! two nations is intimately connect$3 modifi$1 9 ,italy1 by ! ta/e ( ! ,roman2 &1 9 ,spa91 by ! fanciful creations ( ! ,moor4 ,:5 ,i am consid]+ ! =tress & ! palace1#d ,i %all be compell$ to devote a v l>ge %>e ( my att5tion to ,spa92 b = *>act]i/ic examples ( ! cottage1 ,i turn r to ,switz]l& & ,engl&4 ,prep>atory1 !re=e1 to a few g5]al rem>ks on mod]n ornam5tal cottages1 x w be in/ructive to obs]ve ! peculi>ities ( two v>ieties ( ! m\nta9 cottage1 diametrically opposite to ea* o!r 9 mo/ ( _! features2 "o always beautiful1 & ! o!r frequ5tly s4 ,footnote #d3 ,t "p1 h[ev]1 0 n writt51 z ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e /opp$ runn+ soon aft] ! conclusion ( ,"p ,,ii4 ,! ,villa4 #ch4 ,fir/1 = ,helvetia4 ,well d ,i rememb] ! ?rill+ & exquisite mom5t :5 fir/1 fir/ 9 my life 7:i* _h n be5 ov] long71 ,i enc\nt]$1 9 a calm & %ad[y d+le1 d>k5$ ) ! ?ick spread+ ( tall p9es1 & voiceful ) ! s++ ( a rock-encumb]$ /ream1 & pass+ up t[>ds ! flank ( a smoo? gre5 m\nta91 ^: sw>d$ summit %one 9 ! summ] sn[ l an em]ald set 9 silv]2 :51 ,i say1 ,i fir/ enc\nt]$ 9 ?is calm defile ( ! ,jura1 ! unobtrusive1 yet beautiful1 front ( ! ,swiss cottage4 ,i ?\ght x ! lovelie/ piece ( ar*itecture ,i _h ev] _h ! felicity ( contemplat+2 yet x 0 no?+ 9 itself1 no?+ b a few mossy fir trunks1 loosely nail$ toge!r1 ) "o or two gray /ones on ! ro(3 b its p[] 0 ! p[] ( association2 its beauty1 t ( fitness & humility4 #ci4 ,h[ diff]5t is ?is f :at mod]n ar*itects erect1 :5 !y attempt to produce :at is1 by c\rtesy1 call$ a ,swiss cottage4 ,! mod]n build+ kn[n 9 ,brita9 by t "n has v long *imneys1 cov]$ ) v>i\s exce$+ly +5i\s devices = ! conv5i5t reception & hospitable ent]ta9m5t ( soot1 suppos$ by ! innoc5t & delud$ proprietor to be meant = ornam5t4 ,its gable ro( slopes at an acute angle1 & t]m9ates 9 an int]e/+ & romantic mann]1 at ea* extremity1 9 a too?-pick4 ,its walls are v precisely & prettily pla/]$2 & x is r5d]$ q complete by ! addition ( two neat little b[ w9d[s1 support$ on neat little mahogany brackets1 full ( neat little squ>es ( r$ & yell[ glass4 ,its door is approa*$ "u a neat little v]&a1 uncommon gre51 & is flank$ on ea* side by a neat little r\nd table1 ) all its legs ( diff]5t l5g?s1 & by a v>iety ( neat little wood5 *airs1 all v peculi>ly uncom=table1 & amaz+ly full ( e>wigs3 ! :ole be+ surr\nd$ by a g>d5 full ( fl9ts1 burnt bricks & c9d]s1 ) "s wat] 9 ! middle1 & a f\nta9 9 ! middle ( x1 :i* won't play2 accompani$ by "s goldfi%1 :i* won't swim2 & by two or ?ree ducks1 :i* w spla%4 ,n[1 ,i am excessively sorry to in=m ! memb]s ( any respectable ,engli% family1 :o are mak+ !mselves uncom=table 9 "o ( ^! +5i\s conceptions1 "u ! idea t !y are liv+ 9 a ,swiss cottage1 t !y labor "u a melan*oly deception2 & %all n[ proce$ to inve/igate ! peculi>ities ( ! real build+4 #dj4 ,! life ( a ,swiss peasant is divid$ into two p]iods2 t 9 :i* he is wat*+ 8 cattle at _! summ] pa/ure on ! high ,alps1#e & t 9 :i* he seeks %elt] f ! viol5ce ( ! w9t] /orms 9 ! mo/ retir$ p>ts ( ! l[ valleys4 ,dur+ ! fir/ p]iod1 he requires only occasional %elt] f /orms ( excessive viol5ce2 dur+ ! latt]1 a suffici5t protection f cont9u$ inclem5t wea!r4 ,! ,alp9e or summ] cottage1 !re=e1 is a rude log hut1 =m$ ( unsqu>$ p9e trunks1 not*$ into ea* o!r at ! corn]s4 ,! ro( be+ excessively flat1 s z to (f] no surface to ! w9d1 is cov]$ ) fragm5ts ( any /one t w split easily1 held on by cross+ logs2 :i* are 9 _! turn kept d[n by masses ( /one2 ! :ole be+ g5]ally %elt]$ beh9d "s protect+ rock1 or re/+ aga9/ ! slope ( ! m\nta91 s t1 f "o side1 y may /ep ^u ! ro(4 ,t is ! *let4 ,:5 well gr\p$1 runn+ along a slope ( m\nta9 side1 ^! huts produce a v pleas+ effect1 be+ nev] obtrusive 7ow+ to ! prevail+ grayness ( _! tone71 unit+ well ) surr\nd+ objects1 & be/[+ at once animation & "*4 ,footnote #e3 ,i use ! ^w ,alp "h1 & 9 future1 9 its prop] s5se1 ( a high m\nta9 pa/ure2 n 9 its second>y s5se1 ( a sn[y peak4 #da4 ,b ! w9t] resid5ce1 ! ,swiss cottage1 prop]ly s-call$ is a mu* m elaborate piece ( workman%ip4 ,! pr9cipal requisite is1 ( c\rse1 /r5g?3 & ?is is always obs]vable 9 ! l>ge size ( ! timb]s1 & ! +5i\s mann] 9 :i* !y are jo9$1 s z to support & relieve ea* o!r1 :5 any ( !m are sev]ely tri$4 ,! ro( is always v flat1 g5]ally meet+ at an angle ( #aee1 & project+ f #e ft4 to #g ft4 ov] ! cottage side1 9 ord] to prev5t ! w9d[s f be+ ?or\ghly clogg$ up ) sn[4 ,t ?is projection may n be cru%$ d[n by ! enorm\s weight ( sn[ :i* x mu/ sometimes su/a91 x is assi/$ by /rong wood5 supports 7se5 9 ,fig4 #c71 :i* sometimes ext5d half d[n ! walls = ! sake ( /r5g?1 divide ! side into regul> comp>tm5ts1 & are r5d]$ ornam5tal by grotesque c>v+4 ,e canton has its own w9d[4 ,t ( ,uri1 ) its diamond wood-"w at ! bottom1 is1 p]haps1 "o ( ! ri*e/4 7,see ,fig4 #d47 ,! gall]ies are g5]ally r5d]$ ornam5tal by a great deal ( labor be/[$ ^u _! wood-"w4 ,?is is be/ execut$ 9 ! canton ( ,b]ne4 ,! door is always six or sev5 feet f ! gr\nd1 & occasionally mu* m1 t x may be accessible 9 sn[2 & is rea*$ by an oblique gall]y1 lead+ up to a horizontal "o1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #c & #d4 ,! base ( ! cottage is =m$ ( /one1 g5]ally :itewa%$4 ,! *imneys mu/ h a *apt] to !mselves2 !y are spl5did examples ( utility comb9$ ) ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,swiss ,cottage4 #ahcg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,cottage ne> ,altorf4 #ahce4 ,su* are ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ! ,swiss cottage1 sep>ately consid]$4 ,i mu/ n[ take notice ( its effect 9 sc5]y4 #db4 ,:5 "o has be5 w&]+ = a :ole morn+ ?r\gh a valley ( p]fect sil5ce1 :]e ev]y?+ ar\nd1 :i* is motionless1 is colossal1 & ev]y?+ :i* has motion1 resi/less2 :]e ! /r5g? & ! glory ( nature are pr9cipally develop$ 9 ! v =ces :i* fe$ ^u h] maje/y2 & :]e1 9 ! mid/ ( might9ess :i* seems imp]i%able1 all t is inde$ et]nal is ! influ5ce ( desolation2 "o is apt to be surpris$1 & by no means agreeably1 to f9d1 cr\*$ beh9d "s project+ rock1 a piece ( ar*itecture :i* is neat 9 ! extreme1 ?\gh 9 ! mid/ ( wildness1 weak 9 ! mid/ ( /r5g?1 contemptible 9 ! mid/ ( imm5sity4 ,!re is some?+ (f5sive 9 its neatness3 = ! wood is almo/ always p]fectly clean1 & looks z if x _h j be5 cut2 x is consequ5tly raw 9 its color1 & de/itute ( all v>iety ( tone4 ,?is is especially disagreeable1 :5 ! eye has be5 previ\sly accu/om$ to1 & f9ds1 ev]y:]e ar\nd1 ! exquisite m+l+ ( color1 & confus$1 ?\gh p]petually graceful1 =ms1 by :i* ! details ( m\nta9 sc5]y are peculi>ly di/+ui%$4 ,e fragm5t ( rock is f9i%$ 9 its effect1 t9t$ ) ?\s&s ( pale li*5s & fre% mosses2 e p9e tree is w>m ) ! life ( v>i\s vegetation2 e grassy bank gl[+ ) mell[$ color1 & wav+ ) delicate leafage4 ,h[1 !n1 c ! contra/ be o!rwise ?an pa9ful1 betwe5 ?is p]fect lovel9ess1 & ! dead1 raw1 lifeless surface ( ! deal bo>ds ( ! cottage4 ,its weakness is pitiable2 =1 ?\gh !re is always evid5ce ( consid]able /r5g? on close exam9ation1 !re is no effect ( /r5g?3 ! real ?ickness ( ! logs is conceal$ by ! cutt+ & c>v+ ( _! expos$ surfaces2 & ev5 :at is se5 is felt to be s utt]ly contemptible1 :5 oppos$ to ! de/ructive =ces :i* are 9 op]ation ar\nd1 t ! feel+s are irritat$ at ! imag9$ audacity ( ! inanimate object1 ) ! self-conceit ( its impot5ce2 &1 f9ally1 ! eye is (f5d$ at its want ( size4 ,x does n1 z might be at fir/ suppos$1 enhance ! sublimity ( surr\nd+ sc5]y by its littl5ess1 = x provokes no comp>ison2 & !re mu/ be proportion betwe5 objects1 or !y _c be comp>$4 ,if ! ,p>!non1 or ! ,pyramid ( ,*eops1 or ,/4 ,pet]'s1 7 plac$ 9 ! same situation1 ! m9d w\ld fir/ =m a j e/imate ( ! magnific5ce ( ! build+1 & !n be trebly impress$ ) ! size ( ! masses :i* ov]:elm$ x4 ,! ar*itecture w\ld n lose1 & ! crags w\ld ga91 by ! juxtaposition2 b ! cottage1 :i* mu/ be felt to be a ?+ :i* ! weake/ /ream ( ! ,alps c\ld toss d[n be=e x l a foam-globe1 is (f5sively contemptible3 x is l a *ild's toy let fall accid5tally on ! hillside2 x does n unite ) ! sc5e2 x is n cont5t to s9k into a quiet corn]1 & p]sonify humility & peace2 b x draws att5tion ^u itself by its pret5sion to decoration1 :ile its decorations !mselves _c be> exam9ation1 because !y are useless1 unmean+ & incongru\s4 #dc4 ,s mu* = its faults2 & ,i h _h no m]cy ^u !m1 ! r1 because ,i am always afraid ( be+ bias$ 9 its favor by my excessive love = its sweet nationality4 ,n[ = its beauties4 ,:]ev] x is f\nd1 x always sugge/s ideas ( a g5tle1 pure1 & pa/oral life4#f ,"o feels t ! peasants ^: h&s c>v$ ! planks s neatly1 & adorn$ _! cottage s indu/ri\sly1 & /ill pres]ve x s p]fectly1 & s neatly1 c be no dull1 drunk51 lazy boors2 "o feels1 also1 t x requires bo? firm resolution1 & det]m9$ indu/ry1 to ma9ta9 s successful a /ruggle aga9/ ! cru% ( ?und]1 & ! w>r+ w9ds4 ,sweet ideas float ov] ! imag9ation ( su* passages ( peasant life z ! g5tle ,walton s lov$2 ( ! full milk-pail1 & ! mantl+ cream-b[l2 ( ! ev5+ dance & ! mat9 song2 ( ! h]dsm5 on ! ,alps1 ( ! maid5s by ! f\nta92 ( all t is peculi>ly & indisputably ,swiss4 ,= ! cottage is beautifully national2 !re is no?+ to be f\nd ! lea/ l x 9 any o!r c\ntry4 ,! mom5t a glimpse is caught ( its project+ gall]ies1 "o kn[s t x is ! l& ( ,tell & ,w9kelri$2 & ! travel] feels1 t1 7 he inde$ ,swiss-born & ,alp-br$1 a bit ( t c>v$ plank1 meet+ 8 eye 9 a =eign l&1 w\ld be z effectual z a note ( ! ,ranz des ,va*es ^u ! e>4 ,footnote #f3 ,comp>e ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 vol4 iv4 *ap4 xi1 & vol4 v4 *ap4 ix4 #dd4 ,aga91 :5 a numb] ( ^! cottages are gr\p$ toge!r1 !y break ^u ea* o!r's =mality1 & =m a mass ( fanta/ic proportion1 ( c>v$ w9d[ & ov]hang+ ro(1 full ( "* & picturesque 9 ! extreme4 ,an excell5t example ( ?is is ! ,b]nese village ( ,unt]se54 ,aga91 :5 ! ornam5t is n v elaborate1 yet en\gh to pres]ve ! "*1 & ! cottage is old1 & n v well kept 7suppose 9 a ,ca?olic canton71 & a little rott51 ! effect is beautiful3 ! timb] becomes wea!r-/a9$1 & ( a f9e w>m br[n1 h>moniz+ delightfully ) ! gray /ones on ! ro(1 & ! d>k gre5 ( surr\nd+ p9es4 ,if x be =tunate en\gh to be situat$ 9 "s quiet gl51 out ( sight ( ! gigantic features ( ! sc5e1 & surr\nd$ ) cliffs to :i* x be>s "s proportion2 & if x be p>tially conceal$1 n intrud+ on ! eye1 b well unit$ ) ev]y?+ ar\nd1 x becomes altoge!r p]fect2 humble1 beautiful1 & int]e/+4 ,p]haps no cottage c !n be f\nd to equal x2 & none c be m f9i%$ 9 effect1 graceful 9 detail1 & *>act]i/ic z a :ole4 #de4 ,! ornam5ts employ$ 9 ! decoration ( ! ,swiss cottage d n dem& mu* att5tion2 !y are usually =m$ 9 a mo/ simple mann]1 by ?9 la?s1 :i* are c>v$ into any fanciful =m1 or 9 :i* r[s ( holes are cut1 g5]ally diamond %ap$2 & !y are !n nail$ "o above ano!r to give ! c>v+ dep?4 ,p9nacles are nev] rais$ on ! ro(1 ?\gh c>v$ spikes are occasionally susp5d$ f x at ! angles4 ,no ornam5tal "w is ev] employ$ to disguise ! beams ( ! project+ "p ( ! ro(1 nor does any run along its edges4 ,! gall]ies1 9 ! canton ( ,uri1 are occasionally support$ on ar*$ beams1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #d1 :i* h a v pleas+ effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,swiss ,*let ,balcony1 #ahdb4 #df4 ,( ! adaptation ( ! build+ to climate & "*1 little c be said4 ,:5 ,i call$ x national1 ,i meant only t x 0 q sui g5]is1 &1 !re=e1 be+ only f\nd 9 ,switz]l&1 might be consid]$ z a national build+2 ?\gh x has none ( ! my/]i\s connection ) ! m9d ( its inhabitants :i* is evid5t 9 all really f9e edifices4 ,b !re is a reason = ?is2 ,switz]l& has no climate1 prop]ly speak+1 b an assemblage ( e climate1 f ,italy to ! ,pole2 ! v9e wild 9 its valleys1 ! ice et]nal on its crags4 ,! ,swiss !mselves are :at we might h expect$ 9 p]sons dwell+ 9 su* a climate2 !y h no "*4 ,! sluggi% nature ( ! air ( ! valleys has a malignant op]ation on ! m9d2 & ev5 ! m\nta9e]s1 ?\gh g5]ally %rewd & intellectual1 h no p]ceptible nationality3 !y h no language1 except a mixture ( ,italian & bad ,g]man2 !y h no peculi> turn ( m9d2 !y might be tak5 z easily = ,g]mans z = ,swiss4 ,no correspond5ce1 consequ5tly1 c exi/ betwe5 national ar*itecture & national "*1 :]e ! latt] is n di/+ui%able4 ,g5]ally speak+1 !n1 ! ,swiss cottage _c be said to be built 9 good ta/e2 b x is occasionally picturesque1 frequ5tly pleas+1 &1 "u a favorable concurr5ce ( circum/ances1 beautiful4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 a ?+ to be imitat$2 x is always1 :5 out ( its own c\ntry1 incongru\s2 x nev] h>monizes ) any?+ ar\nd x1 & c !re=e be employ$ only 9 mimicry ( :at does n exi/1 n 9 improvem5t ( :at does4 ,i mean1 t any "o :o has on 8 e/ate a d+le %ad$ ) l>*es or p9es1 ) a rapid /ream1 may manufacture a bit ( ,switz]l& z a toy2 b su* imitations are always contemptible1 & he _c use ! ,swiss cottage 9 any o!r way4 ,a modifi$ =m ( x1 h[ev]1 z w be h]eaft] %[n1 may be employ$ ) advantage4 ,i hope1 9 my next pap]1 to d]ive m satisfaction f ! contemplation ( ! m\nta9 cottage ( ,we/morel&1 ?an ,i h be5 able to obta9 f t ( ! ,swiss4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,cottage--,,we/morel&4 #dg4 ,:5 ,i devot$ s mu* "t to ! consid]ation ( ! peculi>ities ( ! ,swiss cottage1 ,i did n previ\sly endeavor to asc]ta9 :at ! m9d1 influ5c$ by ! feel+s excit$ by ! nature ( its situation1 w\ld be induc$ to expect1 or dispos$ to admire4 ,i ?us deviat$ f ! g5]al rule :i* ,i hope to be able to foll[ out2 b ,i did s only because ! subject = consid]ation 0 incapable ( fulfill+ ! expectation :5 excit$1 or correspond+ ) ! conception :5 =m$4 ,b n[1 9 ord] to appreciate ! beauty ( ! ,we/morel& cottage1 x w be necess>y to fix ^u a /&>d ( excell5ce1 ) :i* x may be comp>$4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal *>ms ( m\nta9 sc5]y is its solitude4 ,n[1 j z sil5ce is nev] p]fect or deep )\t motion1 solitude is nev] p]fect )\t "s ve/ige ( life4 ,ev5 desolation is n felt to be utt]1 unless 9 "s slight degree int]rupt$3 unless ! cricket is *irp+ on ! lonely he>?1 or ! vulture so>+ ov] ! field ( corpses1 or ! "o m\rn] lam5t+ ov] ! r$ ru9s ( ! deva/at$ village1 t deva/ation is n felt to be complete4 ,! ana!ma ( ! prophet does n :olly leave ! curse ( lonel9ess ^u ! mighty city1 until he tells u t ! satyr %all dance !re4 ,&1 if desolation1 :i* is ! de/ruction ( life1 _c leave its impression p]fect )\t "s int]ruption1 mu* less c solitude1 :i* is only ! abs5ce ( life1 be felt )\t "s contra/4 ,accord+ly1 x is1 p]haps1 nev] s p]fect z :5 a popul\s & highly cultivat$ pla91 imm$iately b5ea?1 is visible ?r\gh ! rugg$ rav9es1 or ov] ! cl\dy summits ( "s tall1 va/1 & voiceless m\nta94 #dh4 ,:5 su* a prospect is n atta9able1 "o ( ! *ief uses ( ! m\nta9 cottage1 p>adoxical z ! idea may appe>1 is to increase ?is s5se ( solitude4 ,n[1 z x w only d s :5 x is se5 at a consid]able di/ance1 x is necess>y t x %\ld be visible1 or1 at lea/1 t its pres5ce %\ld be indicat$1 ov] a consid]able portion ( surr\nd+ space4 ,x mu/ n1 !re=e1 be too mu* %ad$ by trees1 or x w be useless2 b if1 on ! contr>y1 x be too conspicu\s on ! op5 hillside1 x w be liable to mo/ ( ! objections :i* 7 advanc$ aga9/ ! ,swiss cottage1 & to ano!r1 :i* 0 n !n notic$4 ,any?+ :i*1 to ! eye1 is split into p>ts1 appe>s less z a :ole ?an :at is undivid$4 ,n[1 a consid]able mass1 ( :atev] tone or color x may consi/1 is z easily divisible by dots z by l9es2 t is1 a conspicu\s po9t1 on any "p ( its surface1 w divide x into two portions1 ea* ( :i* w be individually measur$ by ! eye1 b :i* w nev] make ! impression :i* !y w\ld h made1 _h _! unity n be5 int]rupt$4 ,a conspicu\s cottage on a di/ant m\nta9 side has ?is effect 9 a fatal degree1 & is1 !re=e1 always intol]able4 #di4 ,x %\ld accord+ly1 9 ord] to reconcile ! atta9m5t ( ! good1 ) ! avoidance ( ! evil1 be b>ely visible3 x %\ld n tell z a cottage on ! eye1 ?\gh x %\ld on ! m9d2 = be x obs]v$ t1 if x is only by ! close/ inve/igation t we c asc]ta9 x to be a human habitation1 x w answ] ! purpose ( increas+ ! solitude q z well z if x 7 evid5tly s2 because ?is impression is produc$ by its appeal to ! ?\ghts1 n by its effect on ! eye4 ,its color1 !re=e1 %\ld be z ne>ly z possible t ( ! hill on :i*1 or ! crag b5ea? :i*1 x is plac$2 its =m1 "o t w incorporate well ) ! gr\nd1 & approa* t ( a l>ge /one m ?an ( any?+ else4 ,! color w consequ5tly1 if ?is rule be foll[$1 be subdu$ & grayi%1 b r w>m2 & ! =m simple1 graceful1 & unpret5d+4 ,! build+ %\ld reta9 ! same g5]al "* on a clos] exam9ation4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t x %\ld be natural1 & %\ld appe> z if ! influ5ces & =ces :i* 7 9 op]ation ar\nd x _h be5 too /rong to be resi/$1 & _h r5d]$ all ef=ts ( art to *eck _! p[]1 or conceal ! evid5ce ( _! action1 entirely unavail+4 ,x _c b be an ali5 *ild ( ! m\nta9s2 b x mu/ %[ t x has be5 adopt$ & *]i%$ by !m4 ,?is effect is only atta9able by great ease ( outl9e & v>iety ( color2 peculi>ities :i*1 z w be pres5tly se51 ! ,we/morel& cottage possesses 9 a sup]em95t degree4 #ej4 ,ano!r feel+1 ) :i* "o is impress$ dur+ a m\nta9 ramble1 is humility4 ,i f\nd fault ) ! insignificance ( ! ,swiss cottage1 because x 0 n cont5t to s9k into a quiet corn]1 & p]sonify humility4 ,n[1 _h x n be5 se5 to be pret5d+1 x w\ld n h be5 felt to be insignificant2 = ! feel+s w\ld h be5 gratifi$ ) its submission to1 & retirem5t f1 ! maje/y ( ! de/ructive influ5ces :i* x r seem$ to rise up aga9/ 9 mock]y4 ,su* pret5sion is especially to be avoid$ 9 ! m\nta9 cottage3 x c nev] lie too humbly 9 ! pa/ures ( ! valley1 nor %r9k too submissively into ! holl[s ( ! hills2 x %\ld seem to be ask+ ! /orm = m]cy1 & ! m\nta9 = protection3 & %\ld appe> to owe to its weakness1 r ?an to its /r5g?1 t x is nei!r ov]:elm$ by ! "o1 nor cru%$ by ! o!r4 #ea4 ,su* are ! *ief attributes1 )\t :i* a m\nta9 cottage _c be said to be beautiful4 ,x may possess o!rs1 :i* are desirable or objectionable1 accord+ to _! situation1 or o!r accid5tal circum/ances4 ,! nature ( ^! w be be/ und]/ood by exam9+ an individual build+4 ,! mat]ial is1 ( c\rse1 :at is mo/ easily atta9able & available )\t mu* labor4 ,! ,cumb]l& & ,we/morel& hills are1 9 g5]al1 compos$ ( clay-slate & gray-wacke1 ) occasional masses ( *]t#g 7l t :i* =ms ! summit ( ,scawfell71 porphyritic gre5/one1 & sy5ite4 ,! *]t decomposes deeply1 & assumes a r\gh br[n granul> surface1 deeply worn & furr[$4 ,! clay-slate or gray-wacke1 z x is %att]$ by fro/1 & c>ri$ d[n by torr5ts1 ( c\rse =ms itself into irregul> flatti% masses4 ,! spl9t]y edges ( ^! are 9 "s degree worn (f by ! action ( wat]2 &1 slight decomposition tak+ place on ! surface ( ! clay-slate1 furni%es an alum9\s soil1 :i* is imm$iately tak5 advantage ( by innum]able li*5s1 :i* *ange ! d>k gray ( ! orig9al sub/ance into an inf9ite v>iety ( pale & w>m colors4 ,^! /ones1 ?us %ap$ to 8 h&1 are ! mo/ conv5i5t build+ mat]ials ! peasant c obta94#h ,he lays 8 f\ndation & /r5g!ns 8 angles ) l>ge masses1 fill+ up ! int]vals ) pieces ( a m mod]ate size2 & us+ "h & !re a little cem5t to b9d ! :ole toge!r1 & to keep ! w9d f gett+ ?r\gh ! int]/ices2 b nev] en\gh to fill !m altoge!r up1 or to r5d] ! face ( ! wall smoo?4 ,at int]vals ( f #d ft4 to #f ft4 a horizontal l9e ( flat & broad fragm5ts is introduc$ project+ ab\t a foot f ! wall4 ,:e!r ?is is suppos$ to give /r5g?1 ,i "k n2 b z x is inv>iably cov]$ by luxuriant /onecrop1 x is always a delightful object4 ,footnote #g3 ,t is to say1 a fl9ty volcanic a%4 ,footnote #h3 ,comp>e ! treatm5t ( a simil> !me 9 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 vol4 iv41 *aps4 viii4-x4 #eb4 ,! door is flank$ & ro($ by ?ree l>ge oblong %eets ( gray rock1 ^: =m seems n to be consid]$ ( ! slighte/ consequ5ce4 ,^? :i* =m ! *eeks ( ! w9d[s are g5]ally select$ ) m c>e f ! dbris ( "s rock1 :i* is naturally smoo? & poli%$1 aft] be+ subject$ to ! wea!r1 su* z granite or sy5ite4 ,! w9d[ itself is n>r[ & deep set2 9 ! bett] sort ( cottages1 lattic$1 b ) no affectation ( sweetbri] or eglant9e ab\t x4 ,x may be obs]v$ ( ! :ole ( ! cottage1 t1 ?\gh all is beautiful1 no?+ is pretty4 ,! ro( is r flat1 & cov]$ ) heavy fragm5ts ( ! /one ( :i* ! walls are built1 orig9ally v loose2 b g5]ally cem5t$ by accumulat$ soil1 & b\nd toge!r by h\seleek1 moss1 & /onecrop3 brilliant 9 color1 & s+ul> 9 abundance4 ,! =m ( ! l>g] cottages1 be+ frequ5tly t ( a cross1 w\ld hurt ! eye by ! %>p angles ( ! ro(1 7 x n = ! cu%ion-l vegetation ) :i* !y are r\nd$ & conceal$4 ,v>ieties ( ! f]n sometimes relieve ! massy =ms ( ! /onecrop1 ) _! light & delicate leafage4 ,w9d[s 9 ! ro( are seldom met )4 ,( ! *imney ,i %all speak h]eaft]4 #ec4 ,su* are ! prevail+ peculi>ities ( ! ,we/morel& cottage4 ,is ?is all8 "s "o w exclaim3 a hovel1 built ( :at fir/ comes to h&1 & 9 ! mo/ simple & conv5i5t =m2 n "o ?\ght ( ar*itectural beauty ev] com+ into ! build]'s head6 ,ev5 s2 to ?is illu/ration ( an excell5t rule1 ,i wi%$ p>ticul>ly to direct att5tion3 t ! mat]ial :i* ,nature furni%es1 9 any giv5 c\ntry1 & ! =m :i* %e sugge/s1 w always r5d] ! build+ ! mo/ beautiful1 because ! mo/ appropriate4 ,obs]ve h[ p]fectly ?is cottage fulfills ! conditions :i* 7 be=e asc]ta9$ to be necess>y to p]fection4 ,its color is t ( ! gr\nd on :i* x /&s1 always subdu$ & gray1 b exquisitely ri*1 ! color be+ dispos$ crumbl+ly1 9 gr\ps ( %ad[y spots2 a deep r$ br[n1 pass+ into black1 be+ f9ely contra/$ ) ! pale yell[ ( ! ,li*5 geographicus1 & ! subdu$ :ite ( ano!r li*51 ^: "n ,i d n "k2 all m+l+ ) ea* o!r z on a native rock1 & ) ! same beautiful effect3 ! mass1 consequ5tly1 at a di/ance1 tells only z a l>ge /one w\ld1 ! simplicity ( its =m contribut+ /ill f>!r to r5d] x inconspicu\s4 ,:5 plac$ on a m\nta9-side su* a cottage w become a po9t ( int]e/1 :i* w relieve its monotony1 b w nev] cut ! hill 9 two1 or take away f its size4 ,9 ! valley1 ! color ( ^! cottages agrees ) ev]y?+3 ! gre5 light1 :i* trembles ?r\gh ! leafage ( ! tall] trees1 falls ) exquisite effect on ! ri* gray ( ! anci5t ro(s3 ! deep pool ( cle> wat] is n />tl$ f its peace by _! reflection2 ! ivy1 or ! creep]s to :i* ! sup]ior weal? ( ! peasant ( ! valley does n[ & !n pret5d1 9 opposition to ! g5]al cu/om1 cl+ gracefully & easily to its innum]able crevices2 & rock1 lake1 & mead[ seem to hail x ) a bro!rly affection1 z if ,nature _h tak5 z mu* pa9s ) x z %e has ) !m4 #ed4 ,aga91 obs]ve its ease ( outl9e4 ,!re is n a s+le /raight l9e to be met ) f f\ndation to ro(2 all is b5d+ or brok54 ,! =m ( e /one 9 its walls is a /udy2 =1 ow+ to ! inf9ite delicacy ( /ructure 9 all m9]als1 a piece ( /one #c 94 9 diamet]1 irregul>ly fractur$1 & a little worn by ! wea!r1 has precisely ! same "* ( outl9e :i* we %\ld f9d & admire 9 a m\nta9 ( ! same mat]ial #fjjj ft4 high2#i &1 !re=e1 ! eye1 ?\gh n feel+ ! cause1 re/s on e cranny1 & crack1 & fissure ) delight4 ,x is true t we h no idea t e small projection1 if ( *]t1 has su* an outl9e z ,scawfell's2 if ( gray-wacke1 z ,skiddaw's2 or if ( slate1 z ,helvellyn's2 b _! comb9ations ( =m are1 nev]!less1 felt to be exquisite1 & we dwell ^u e b5d ( ! r\gh ro( & e holl[ ( ! loose wall1 feel+ x to be a design :i* no ar*itect on e>? c\ld ev] equal1 sculptur$ by a *isel ( unimag9able delicacy1 & f9i%$ to a degree ( p]fection1 :i* is unnotic$ only because x is ev]y:]e4 ,footnote #i3 ,comp>e ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 vol4 iv4 *ap4 #ah1 #g4 #ee4 ,?is ease & irregul>ity is peculi>ly delightful :]e gracefulness & fre$om ( outl9e & detail are1 z !y always are 9 m\nta9 c\ntries1 ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( e sc5e4 ,x is well t1 :]e e plant is wild & e torr5t free1 e field irregul> 9 its =m1 e knoll v>i\s 9 its outl9e1 "o is n />tl$ by well built walls1 or unyield+ ro(s1 b is p]mitt$ to trace 9 ! /ones ( ! peasant's dwell+1 z 9 ! crags ( ! m\nta9 side1 no evid5ce ( ! l9e or ! mallet1 b ! op]ation ( et]nal influ5ces1 ! pres5ce ( an ,almighty h&4 ,ano!r p]fection connect$ ) its ease ( outl9e is1 its sev]ity ( "*3 !re is no fopp]y ab\t x2 n ! slighte/ ef=t at any k9d ( ornam5t1 b :at nature *ooses to be/[2 x we>s all its decorations wildly1 cov]+ its nak$ness1 n ) :at ! peasant may plant1 b ) :at ! w9ds may br+4 ,!re is no gay color or neatness ab\t x2 no gre5 %utt]s or o!r abom9ation3 all is calm & quiet1 & sev]e1 z ! m9d ( a philosoph]1 &1 )al1 a little somb]4 ,x is evid5tly old1 & has /ood _m trials 9 its day2 & ! sn[1 & ! tempe/1 & ! torr5t h all sp>$ x1 & left x 9 its peace1 ) its gray head unb[$1 & its e>ly /r5g? unbrok51 ev5 ?\gh ! _s ( decay seems creep+1 l ! moss & ! li*51 ?r\gh ! d>kness ( its crannies4 ,?is v5]able & slightly melan*oly "* is ! v s\l ( all its beauty4 #ef4 ,!re rema9s only "o po9t to be notic$1 its humility4 ,?is 0 be=e /at$ to be desirable1 & x w "h be f\nd 9 p]fection4 ,! build+ draws z little att5tion ^u itself z possible2 s9ce1 ) all ! praise ,i h be/[$ ^u x1 x possesses n "o po9t ( beauty 9 :i* x is n equal$ or excell$ by e /one at ! side ( ! road4 ,x is small 9 size1 simple 9 =m1 subdu$ 9 tone1 easily conceal$ or ov]%ad[$2 (t5 actually s2 & "o is always delight$ & surpris$ to f9d t :at c\rts att5tion s little is capable ( su/a9+ x s well4 ,yet x has no appe>ance ( weakness3 x is /\tly1 ?\gh rudely1 built2 & "o ceases to fe> = its sake ! viol5ce ( surr\nd+ ag5cies1 :i*1 x may be se51 w be p>tly deprecat$ by its humility4 #eg4 ,su* is ! m\nta9 cottage ( ,we/morel&2 & su*1 ) occasional v>ieties1 are _m ( ! m\nta9 cottages ( ,engl& & ,wales4 ,x is true t my memory re/s ) peculi> pleasure 9 a c]ta9 quiet valley ne> ,kirk/one1 little kn[n to ! g5]al t\ri/1 di/ant f any public track1 &1 !re=e1 free f all ! horrors ( improvem5t3#aj 9 :i* x seem$ to me t ! ar*itecture ( ! cottage _h atta9$ a peculi> degree ( p]fection4 ,b ,i ?9k t ?is impression 0 r produc$ by a few seem+ly insignificant accompany+ circum/ances1 ?an by any di/+ui%$ beauty ( design 9 ! cottages !mselves4 ,_! inhabitants 7 evid5tly poor1 & app>5tly _h n repair$ _! dwell+s s9ce _! fir/ erection2 &1 c]ta9ly1 _h nev] torn "o tuft ( moss or f]n f ro(s or walls1 :i* 7 gre5 ) ! ri* vegetation ( ye>s4 ,! valley 0 n>r[1 & quiet1 & deep1 & %ad$ by rev]5d trees1 among ^: trunks ! gray cottages look$ out1 ) a p]fection ( effect :i* ,i nev] rememb] to h se5 equal$1 ?\gh ,i believe t1 9 _m ( ! m\nta9 di/ricts ( ,brita91 ! peasant's domicile is erect$ ) equal good ta/e4 ,footnote #aj3 ,tr\tbeck1 sixty ye>s s9ce8 #eh4 ,i h always rejoic$ 9 ! ?\ght1 t our native highl& sc5]y1 ?\gh1 p]haps1 want+ 9 sublimity1 is di/+ui%$ by a delicate f9i% 9 its details1 & by a unanimity & propriety ( feel+ 9 ! works ( its inhabitants1 :i* are else:]e look$ = 9 va92 & ! reason ( ?is is evid5t4 ,! m9d ( ! inhabitant ( ! cont95t1 9 g5]al1 is capable ( deep] & f9] s5sations ?an t ( ! isl&]4 ,x is high] 9 its aspirations1 pur] 9 its passions1 wild] 9 its dreams1 & fi]c] 9 its ang]2 b x is want+ 9 g5tl5ess1 & 9 its simplicity2 naturally desir\s ( excitem5t1 & incapable ( exp]i5c+1 9 equal degree1 ! calm] fl[ ( human felicity1 ! /illness ( dome/ic peace1 & ! pleasures ( ! humble he>?1 consi/+ 9 ev]yday duties p]=m$1 & ev]yday m]cies receiv$2 consequ5tly1 9 ! high] walks ( ar*itecture1 :]e ! m9d is to be impress$ or elevat$1 we nev] h equal$1 & we nev] %all equal1 !m4 ,x w be se5 h]eaft]1 :5 we leave ! l[ly valley = ! torn rav9e1 & ! grassy knoll = ! ribb$ precipice1 t1 if ! cont95tal ar*itects _c adorn ! pa/ure ) ! humble ro(1 !y c cre/ ! crag ) et]nal battlem5ts2#aa if !y _c m9i/] to a l&scape's peace1 !y c add to its t]ror2 & x has be5 already se51 t1 9 ! l[l& cottages ( ,france & ,italy1 :]e high & ref9$ feel+s 7 to be induc$1 :]e melan*oly 0 to be excit$1 or maje/y be/[$1 ! ar*itect 0 successful1 & 8 labor 0 p]fect3 b1 n[1 no?+ is requir$ b humility & g5tl5ess2 & ?is1 :i* he does n feel1 he _c give3 x is contr>y to ! :ole =ce ( 8 "*1 nay1 ev5 to ! _s ( 8 religion4 ,x is unfelt ev5 at ! "t :5 ! s\l is mo/ *a/5$ & subdu$2 = ! epitaph on ! grave is affect$ 9 its s5tim5t1 & ! tomb/one gaudily gild$1 or wrea!d ) va9 fl[]s4 ,footnote #aa3 ,?is too ref]s to ! unwritt5 sequel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,! ,highe/ ,h\se 9 ,engl&4 #ei4 ,we _c1 !n1 be surpris$ at ! ef=t at ornam5t & o!r fanci$ ar*itectural beauties1 :i* injure ! effect ( ! m peaceful m\nta9 sc5]y abroad2 b /ill less %\ld we be surpris$ at ! p]fect propriety :i* prevails 9 ! same k9d ( sc5]y at home2 = ! error :i* is !re induc$ by "o m5tal defici5cy1 is "h prev5t$ by ano!r4 ,! uncultivat$ m\nta9e] ( ,cumb]l& has no ta/e1 & no idea ( :at ar*itecture means2 he nev] ?9ks ( :at is "r1 or :at is beautiful1 b he builds :at is mo/ adapt$ to 8 purposes1 & mo/ easily erect$3 by suit+ ! build+ to ! uses ( 8 own life1 he gives x humility2 &1 by rais+ x ) ! ne>e/ mat]ial1 adapts x to its situation4 ,?is is all t is requir$1 & he has no cr$it 9 fulfill+ ! requirem5t1 s9ce ! mom5t he beg9s to ?9k ( effect1 he commits a b>b>ism by :itewa%+ ! :ole4 ,! cottages ( ,cumb]l& w\ld suff] mu* by ?is piece ( improvem5t1 7 x n = ! salut>y op]ation ( m\nta9 ra9s & m\nta9 w9ds4 #fj4 ,s mu* = ! hill dwell+s ( our own c\ntry4 ,i ?9k ! exam9ation ( ! five examples ( ! cottage :i* ,i h giv5 h furni%$ all ! g5]al pr9ciples :i* are important or wor?y ( consid]ation2 & ,i %all !re=e devote no m "t to ! contemplation ( individual build+s4 ,b1 be=e ,i leave ! cottage altoge!r1 x w be necess>y to notice a "p ( ! build+ :i* ,i h 9 ! sep>ate in/ances purposely avoid$ m5tion+1 t ,i might h ! advantage ( imm$iate comp>ison2 a "p exce$+ly important1 & :i* seems to h be5 ess5tial to ! palace z well z to ! cottage1 ev] s9ce ! "t :5 ,p]diccas receiv$ 8 significant gift ( ! sun f 8 ,mac$onian ma/]1 ,greek3 p]igrapsas ton hlion1 hos n kata tn kapnodokn es ton oikon ese*n4#ab ,& !n ,i %all conclude ! subject by a few g5]al rem>ks on mod]n ornam5tal cottages1 illu/rative ( ! pr9ciple s admirably develop$ 9 ! beauty ( ! ,we/morel& build+2 to :i*1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 ! palm 0 assign$1 9 pref]5ce to ! ,switz]'s2 n because x 0 m labor$1 b because x 0 m natural4 ,,ox=d1 ,jan41 #ahch4 ,footnote #ab3 ,h]odotus viii1 #acg1 freely quot$ f memory4 ,! /ory 0 t ?ree bro!rs took s]vice ) a k+let 9 ,mac$onia4 ,! que51 :o cook$ _! food h]self1 = x 0 9 ! good old times1 notic$ t ! portion ( ,p]diccas1 ! y\nge/1 always rose ?ree times z l>ge z any o!r4 ,! k+ judg$ ?is to be an om5 ( ! lad's com+ to =tune2 & dismiss$ !m4 ,!y dem&$ _! wages4 ,:5 ! k+ he>d talk ab\t wages--y mu/ "k ! sun 0 %9+ into ! h\se1 d[n ! *imney--he said 7= ,god _h h>d5$ 8 he>t7 ',!re's y\r wage2 all y des]ve & all y'll get3' & po9t$ to ! sun%9e4 ,! eld] bro!rs 7 dumf\nd]$ :5 !y he>d t2 b ! lad1 :o happ5$ to h 8 knife ) him1 said1 ',we accept1 ,k+1 ! gift4' ,) 8 knife he made a scrat* ar\nd ! sun/reak on ! floor1 took ! %9e ( x ?ree times into ! fold ( 8 kirtle--8 pocket1 we %\ld say n[adays--& w5t 8 way4 ,ev5tually he became k+ ( ,mac$onia1 & ance/or ( ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,v4 ,a ,,*apt] ,,on ,,*imneys4 #fa4 ,x appe>s f ! passage 9 ,h]odotus1 :i* we allud$ to 9 ! la/ pap]1 t !re has be5 a "t1 ev5 9 ! mo/ civiliz$ c\ntries1 :5 ! k+'s palace 0 entirely unfurni%$ ) any?+ hav+ ! slighte/ pret5sion to ! dignity ( *imney tops2 & ! savory vapors :i* 7 wont to rise f ! hospitable he>?1 at :i* ! que5 or pr9cess prep>$ ! fea/ ) ! :ite/ ( h&s1 escap$ ) indecor\s facility ?r\gh a simple hole 9 ! flat ro(4 ,! dignity ( smoke1 h[ev]1 is n[ bett] und]/ood1 & x is dismiss$ ?r\gh ,go?ic p9nacles1 & 7z at ,burleigh ,h\se7 ?r\gh ,tuscan columns1 ) a mo/ praisewor?y reg>d to its com=t & conv5i5ce4 ,let u consid] if x is wor? ! tr\ble4 #fb4 ,we advanc$ a position 9 ! la/ pap]1 t sil5ce is nev] p]fect )\t motion4 ,t is1 unless some?+ :i* might possibly produce s\nd is evid5t to ! eye1 ! abs5ce ( s\nd is n surpris+ to ! e>1 &1 !re=e1 n impressive4 ,let x be obs]v$1 = in/ance1 h[ mu* ! /illness ( a summ]'s ev5+ is enhanc$ by ! p]ception ( ! glid+ & maje/ic motion ( "s calm riv]1 /rong b /ill2 or ( ! high & purple cl\ds2 or ( ! voiceless leaves1 among ! op5+ bran*es4 ,to produce ?is impression1 h[ev]1 ! motion mu/ be uni=m1 ?\gh n necess>ily sl[4 ,"o ( ! *ief peculi>ities ( ! ocean ?or\ghf>es ( ,v5ice1 is ! rem>kable sil5ce :i* re/s ^u !m1 enhanc$ z x is by ! swift1 b beautifully uni=m motion ( ! gondola4 ,n[1 !re is no motion m uni=m1 sil5t or beautiful ?an t ( smoke2 &1 !re=e1 :5 we wi% ! peace or /illness ( a sc5e to be impressive1 x is highly useful to draw ! att5tion to x4 #fc4 ,9 ! cottage1 !re=e1 a build+ peculi>ly adapt$ = sc5es ( peace1 ! *imney1 z conduct+ ! eye to :at is agreeable1 may be consid]$ z important1 &1 if well manag$1 a beautiful accompanim5t4 ,b 9 build+s ( a high] class1 smoke ceases to be int]e/+4 ,ow+ to _! g5]al great] elevation1 x is reliev$ aga9/ ! sky1 in/ead ( aga9/ a d>k backgr\nd1 !reby los+ ! f9e silv]y blue1--:i* among trees1 or ris+ out ( a di/ant c\ntry1 is s exquisitely beautiful1--& assum+ a d+y yell[i% black3 its motion becomes useless2 = ! idea ( /illness is no long] desirable1 or1 at lea/1 no long] atta9able1 be+ int]rupt$ by ! nature ( ! build+ itself3 &1 f9ally1 ! associations x ar\ses are n dignifi$2 we may ?9k ( a com=table fireside1 p]haps1 b are q z likely to dream ( kit*5s1 & spits1 & %\ld]s ( mutton4 ,none ( ^! imag9ations are 9 _! place1 if ! "* ( ! build+ be elevat$2 !y are b>ely tol]able 9 ! dwell+ h\se & ! /reet4 ,n[1 :5 smoke is objectionable1 x is c]ta9ly improp] to direct att5tion to ! *imney2 &1 !re=e1 = two weighty reasons1 decorat$ *imneys1 ( any sort or size :atsoev]1 are inexcusable b>b>isms2 fir/1 because1 :]e smoke is beautiful1 decoration is unsuit$ to ! build+2 & secondly1 because1 :]e smoke is ugly1 decoration directs att5tion to its ugl9ess4 #fd4 ,x is un=tunately a prevail+ idea ) "s ( our ar*itects1 t :at is a disagreeable object 9 itself may be reliev$ or conceal$ by lavi% ornam5t2 & !re nev] 0 a great] mi/ake4 ,x %\ld be a g5]al pr9ciple1 t :at is intr9sically ugly %\ld be utt]ly de/itute ( ornam5t1 t ! eye may n be drawn to x4 ,! pret5d$ skulls ( ! ?ree ,magi at ,cologne are set 9 gold1 & h a diamond 9 ea* eye2 & are a ?\s& times m gha/ly ?an if _! br[n bones _h be5 left 9 peace4 ,su* an error z ?is ought nev] to be committ$ 9 ar*itecture4 ,if any "p ( ! build+ has disagreeable associations connect$ ) x1 let x alone3 d n ornam5t x4 ,keep x subdu$1 & simply adapt$ to its use2 & ! eye w n g to x1 nor qu>rel ) x4 ,x w\ld h be5 well if ?is pr9ciple _h be5 kept 9 view 9 ! r5ewal ( "s ( ! public build+s 9 ,ox=d4 ,9 ,all ,s\ls ,college1 = in/ance1 ! ar*itect has c>ri$ 8 *imneys half z high z all ! re/ ( ! build+1 & frett$ !m ) ,go?ic4 ,! eye is in/antly caught by ! plat$ c&le/ick-l columns1 & runs ) "s complac5cy up ! gro9+ & fret-"w1 & alights f9ally & fatally on a r$ *imney-top4 ,he might z well h built a ,go?ic aisle at an entrance to a coal :>f4 ,we h no scruple 9 say+ t ! man :o c\ld desecrate ! ,go?ic trefoil into an ornam5t = a *imney has n ! slighte/ feel+1 & nev] w h any1 ( its beauty or its use2 he 0 nev] born to be an ar*itect1 & nev] w be "o4 #fe4 ,n[1 if *imneys are n to be decorat$ 7s9ce _! exi/5ce is necess>y71 x becomes an object ( "s importance to "k :at is to be done ) !m3 & we ent] into ! inquiry be=e leav+ ! cottage1 z 9 its mo/ prop] place2 because1 9 ! cottage1 & only 9 ! cottage1 x is desirable to direct att5tion to smoke4 ,speculation1 h[ev]1 on ! beau idal ( a *imney c nev] be un%ackl$2 because1 ?\gh we may imag9e :at x ought to be1 we c nev] tell1 until ! h\se is built1 :at x mu/ be2 we may require x to be %ort1 & f9d t x w smoke1 unless x is long2 or1 we may desire x to be cov]$1 & f9d x w n g unless x is op54 ,we c fix1 !re=e1 on no "o model2 b by look+ ov] ! *imneys ( a few nations1 we may d$uce "s g5]al pr9ciples f _! v>ieties1 :i* may always be br\ght into play1 by :atev] circum/ances our own imag9ations may be conf9$4 #ff4 ,look+ fir/ to ! m9d ( ! p1 we _c expect to f9d good examples ( ! *imney1 z we g to ! s\?4 ,! ,italian or ! ,spani>d does n "k ! use ( a *imney1 prop]ly speak+2 !y h su* ?+s1 & !y light a fire1 five days 9 ! ye>1 *iefly ( wood1 :i* does n give smoke en\gh to tea* ! *imney its bus9ess2 b !y h n ! slighte/ idea ( ! mean+ or ! beauty ( su* ?+s z hobs1 & he>?s1 & ,*ri/mas blazes2 & we %\ld1 !re=e1 expect1 priori1 t !re w\ld be no s\l 9 _! *imneys2 t !y w\ld h no practic$ sub/antial air ab\t !m2 t !y w\ld1 9 %ort1 be z awkw>d & z mu* 9 ! way1 z individuals ( ! human race are1 :5 !y don't "k :at to d ) !mselves1 or :at !y 7 creat$ =4 ,b 9 ,engl&1 sweet c>bonace\s ,engl&1 we flatt] ourselves we d "k some?+ ab\t fire1 & smoke too1 or our eyes h /rangely deceiv$ u2 &1 f ! :ole com=table "* & fireside disposition ( ! nation1 we %\ld conjecture t ! ar*itecture ( ! *imney w\ld be und]/ood1 bo? z a matt] ( ta/e & z a matt] ( com=t1 to ! ne plus ultra ( p]fection4 ,let u see h[ f> our expectations are realiz$4 #fg4 ,fig4 #g1 a1 b & c are ,engli% *imneys4 ,!y are di/+ui%able1 we ?9k1 at a glance1 f all ! re/1 by a d[nright s]viceabl5ess ( appe>ance1 a sub/antial1 unaffect$1 dec5t1 & *imney-l deportm5t1 9 ! contemplation ( :i* we exp]i5ce inf9ite pleasure & edification1 p>ticul>ly z x seems to u to be /rongly contra/$ ) an appe>ance1 9 all ! o!r *imneys1 ( an indef9able some?+1 only to be express$ by ! int]e/+ ^w humbug4 ,fig4 #g a is a *imney ( ,cumb]l&1 & ! nor? ( ,lanca%ire4 ,x is1 z may be se5 at a glance1 only applicable at ! extremity ( ! ro(1 & requires a b5t flue4 ,x is built ( unhewn /ones1 9 ! same mann] z ! ,we/morel& cottages2 ! flue itself be+ n "o-?ird ! wid? ( ! *imney1 z is se5 at ! top1 :]e f\r flat /ones plac$ on _! edges =m ! t]m9ation ( ! flue itself1 & give lightness ( appe>ance to ! :ole4 ,cov] ?is ) a piece ( pap]1 & obs]ve h[ heavy & squ>e ! re/ becomes4 ,a few project+ /ones cont9ue ! l9e ( ! ro( across ! c5t] ( ! *imney1 & two l>ge masses support ! projection ( ! :ole1 & unite x agreeably ) ! wall4 ,?is is exclusively a cottage *imney2 x _c1 & mu/ n1 be built ( civiliz$ mat]ials2 x mu/ be r\gh1 & mossy1 & brok52 b x is decid$ly ! be/ *imney ( ! :ole set4 ,x is simple & sub/antial1 )\t be+ cumbr\s2 x gives great v>iety to ! wall f :i* x projects1 t]m9ates ! ro( agreeably1 & dismisses its smoke ) inf9ite propriety4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,*imneys4 #fh4 ,fig4 b is a *imney common ov] ! :ole ( ! nor? ( ,engl&2 be+1 z ,i ?9k1 "o t w g well 9 almo/ any w9d1 & is applicable at any "p ( ! ro(4 ,x is also r\ghly built1 consi/+ ( a ro( ( loose /ones1 sometimes "o l>ge flat slab1 support$ above ! flue by f\r l>ge supports1 ea* ( a s+le /one4 ,x is r light 9 its appe>ance1 & breaks ! ridge ( a ro( v agreeably4 ,sep>ately consid]$1 x is badly proportion$2 b1 z x j equals ! height to :i* a long *imney at ! extremity ( ! build+ w\ld rise above ! ro( 7z 9 a71 x is q "r 9 situ1 & w\ld be unga9ly if x 7 high]4 ,! upp] "p is always d>k1 ow+ to ! smoke1 & tells agreeably aga9/ any backgr\nd se5 ?r\gh ! holl[4 #fi4 ,fig4 c is ! *imney ( ! ,we/morel& cottage :i* =m$ ! subject ( ! la/ pap]4 ,! good ta/e :i* prevail$ 9 ! re/ ( ! build+ is n s conspicu\s "h1 because ! ar*itect has begun to consid] effect in/ead ( utility1 & has put a diamond-%ap$ piece ( ornam5t on ! front 7usually conta9+ ! date ( ! build+71 :i* 0 n necess>y1 & looks out ( place4 ,he has endeavor$ to build neatly too1 & has be/[$ a good deal ( pla/] on ! outside1 by all :i* circum/ances ! "w is inf9itely det]iorat$4 ,we h always dislik$ cyl9drical *imneys1 probably because !y put u 9 m9d ( glas%\ses & manufactories1 = we are aw>e ( no m def9ite reason2 yet ?is example is endurable1 & has a "* ab\t x :i* x w\ld be a pity to lose4 ,sometimes :5 ! squ>e "p is c>ri$ d[n ! :ole front ( ! cottage1 x looks l ! rema9s ( "s gray t[]1 & is n felt to be a *imney at all4 ,su* deceptions are always v dang]\s1 ?\gh 9 ?is case sometimes att5d$ ) good effect1 z 9 ! old build+ call$ ,coni/on ,hall1 on ! %ores ( ,coni/on ,wat]1 ^: di/ant outl9e 7,fig4 #h7 is r5d]$ light & picturesque1 by ! size & %ape ( its *imneys1 :i* are ! same 9 "* z ,fig4 c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,coni/on ,hall1 f ! ,lake ne> ,brantwood 7#ahcg74 #gj4 ,( ,engli% *imneys adapt$ = build+s ( a m elevat$ "*1 we c adduce no good examples4 ,! old r$ brick mass1 :i* we see 9 "s ( our v5]able manor-h\ses1 has a great deal ( ,engli% "* ab\t x1 & is always agreeable1 :5 ! re/ ( ! build+ is ( brick4 ,fig4 p is a *imney ( ?is k9d3 !re is no?+ rem>kable 9 x2 x is to be met ) all ov] ,engl&2 b we h plac$ x beside its neighbor q to %[ h[ ! same =m & idea are modifi$ by ! m9d ( ! nations :o employ x4 ,! design is ! same 9 bo?1 ! proportions also2 b ! "o is a *imney1 ! o!r a paltry model ( a paltri] edifice4 ,fig4 q is ,swiss1 & is liable to all ! objections advanc$ aga9/ ! ,swiss cottages2 x is a despicable mimicry ( a l>ge build+1 l ! t[] 9 ! engrav+ ( ! ,italian cottage 7 #ca71 c>v$ 9 /one1 x is true1 b n ! less to be reprobat$4 ,fig4 p1 on ! contr>y1 is adapt$ to its use1 & has no affectation ab\t x4 ,x w\ld be spoil$1 h[ev]1 if built 9 /one2 because ! m>k$ bricks tell u ! size ( ! :ole at once1 & prev5t ! eye f suspect+ any int5tion to deceive x ) a mock]y ( ar*es & columns1 ! imitation ( :i* w\ld be too p]fect 9 /one2 & !re=e1 ev5 9 ?is case1 we h fail$ 9 discov]+ a *imney adapt$ to ! high] class ( edifices4 #ga4 ,fig4 d is a ,ne!rl& *imney1 e & f ,g]man4 ,fig4 d belongs to an old ,go?ic build+ 9 ,mal9es1 & is a good example ( ! application ( ! same l9es to ! *imney :i* occur 9 o!r p>ts ( ! edifice1 )\t be/[+ any false elevation ( "*4 ,x is r\ghly c>v$ 9 /one1 project+ at its base grotesquely f ! ro(1 & cov]$ at ! top4 ,! po9t$ ar*1 by :i* its "* is giv51 prev5ts x f break+ 9 ^u ! l9es ( ! re/ ( ! build+1 &1 !re=e1 9 reality r5d]s x less conspicu\s ?an x w\ld o!rwise h be54 ,we %\ld nev] h notic$ its exi/5ce1 _h we n be5 look+ out = *imneys4 #gb4 ,fig4 e is also c>v$ 9 /one1 & :]e !re is mu* v>iety ( ar*itecture1 or :]e ! build+s are grotesque1 w\ld be a good *imney1 = ! v simple reason1 t x resembles no?+ b a *imney1 & its l9es are graceful4 ,fig4 f1 ?\gh ugly 9 ! ab/ract1 might be us$ ) effect 9 situations :]e p]fect simplicity w\ld be too conspicu\s2 b bo? e & f are evid5tly ! awkw>d ef=ts ( a ta/eless nation1 to produce some?+ orig9al3 !y h lo/ ! *a/ity :i* we admir$ 9 a1 )\t obta9+ ! grace & _s ( l & o4 ,9 fact1 !y are ess5tially ,g]man4 #gc4 ,figs4 h to m1 inclusive1 are ,spani%1 & h a peculi> "*1 :i* w\ld r5d] x q impossible to employ !m out ( _! own c\ntry4 ,yet !y are n decorat$ *imneys4 ,!re is n "o fragm5t ( ornam5t on any ( !m4 ,all is done by v>iety ( =m2 & ) su* v>iety no fault c be f\nd1 because x is necess>y to give !m ! "* ( ! build+s1 out ( :i* !y rise4 ,= we may obs]ve "h1 once = all1 t "* may be giv5 ei!r by =m or by decoration1 & t :]e ! latt] is improp]1 v>iety ( =m is all[able1 because ! humble associations :i* r5d] ornam5t objectionable1 also r5d] simplicity ( =m unnecess>y4#ac ,we ne$ n !n f9d fault ) fanta/ic *imneys1 provid$ !y are kept 9 unison ) ! re/ ( ! build+1 & d n draw too mu* att5tion4 ,footnote #ac3 ,elevation ( "*1 z 0 se5 9 ! ,italian cottage1 dep5ds ^u simplicity ( =m4 #gd4 ,fig4 h1 accord+ to ?is rule1 is a v good *imney4 ,x is graceful )\t pret5d+1 & its grotesqu5ess w suit ! build+s r\nd x--we wi% we c\ld give !m3 !y are at ,cordova4 ,figs4 k & l ought to be se51 z !y w\ld be 9 reality1 ris+ brightly up aga9/ ! deep blue heav5 ( ! s\?1 ! azure gleam+ ?r\gh _! holl[s2 unless p]*ance a slight brea? ( ref9$1 pure1 pale vapor f9ds its way f "t to "t out ( !m into ! light air2 _! til$ caps ca/+ deep %ad[s on _! :ite surfaces1 & _! t\t ensemble caus+ no int]ruption to ! feel+s excit$ by ! ,moresco ar*es & grotesque dwell+ h\ses ) :i* !y w\ld be surr\nd$2 !y are sadly spoil$ by be+ cut (f at _! bases4 #ge4 ,figs4 g1 n1 o are ,italian4 ,fig4 g has only be5 giv51 because x is con/antly met ) among ! m mod]n build+s ( ,italy4 ,figs4 n & o are almo/ ! only two v>ieties ( *imneys :i* are to be f\nd on ! old ,v5etian palaces 7^: /yle is to be trac$ p>tly to ! ,turk1 & p>tly to ! ,moor74 ,! curv$ l9es ( n h>monize admirably ) ^? ( ! ro( itself1 & its dim9utive size leaves ! simplicity ( =m ( ! l>ge build+ to :i* x belongs entirely un9t]rupt$ & un9jur$4 ,fig4 o is se5 p]petually c>ry+ ! :it5ess ( ! ,v5etian m>ble up into ! sky2 b x is too tall1 & attracts by f> too mu* att5tion1 be+ conspicu\s on ! sides ( all ! canals4 #gf4 ,figs4 q1 r1 s are ,swiss4 ,fig4 r is "o specim5 ( an ext5sive class ( decorat$ *imneys1 met ) 9 ! nor!a/]n cantons4 ,x is nev] l>ge1 & consequ5tly hav+ no false elevation ( "*1 & be+ always se5 ) eyes :i* h be5 prep>$ = x1 by re/+ on ! details ( ! ,swiss cottage1 is less disagreeable ?an might be imag9$1 b ought nev] to be imitat$4 ,! pyramidal =m is g5]ally pres]v$1 b ! design is ! same 9 no two examples4 ,fig4 s is a *imney v common 9 ! ea/]n cantons1 ! pr9ciple ( :i* we nev] und]/ood4 ,! oblique "p moves on a h+e1 s z to be capable ( cov]+ ! *imney l a hat2 & ! :ole is cov]$ ) wood5 scales1 l ^? ( a fi%4 ,?is *imney sometimes comes 9 v well among ! confus$ raft]s ( ! m\nta9 cottage1 ?\gh x is r too rem>kable to be 9 good ta/e4 #gg4 ,x seems !n1 t out ( ! eighte5 *imneys1 :i* we h notic$1 ?\gh sev]al possess "*1 & "o or two elegance1 only two are to be f\nd fit = imitation2 &1 ( ^!1 "o is exclusively a cottage *imney4 ,?is is some:at rem>kable & may s]ve z a pro(3-- ,fir/1 ( :at we at fir/ ass]t$1 t *imneys :i* 9 any way attract notice 7& if ^! _h n1 we %\ld n h sket*$ !m7 7 seldom to be imitat$2 t !re are few build+s :i* require !m to be s+ul>1 & none :i* c tol]ate !m if decorat$2 & t ! ar*itect %\ld always rememb] t ! size & height be+ by necessity fix$1 ! =m :i* draws lea/ att5tion is ! be/4 #gh4 ,secondly1 t ?is inconspicu\sness is to be obta9$1 n by adh]+ to any model ( simplicity1 b by tak+ especial c>e t ! l9es ( ! *imney are no int]ruption1 & its color no contra/1 to ^? ( ! build+ to :i* x belongs4 ,?us ,figs4 h to m w\ld be f> m actually rem>kable 9 _! natural situation1 if !y 7 m simple 9 _! =m2 = !y w\ld int]rupt ! "* ( ! ri* ar*itecture by :i* !y are surr\nd$4 ,fig4 d1 ris+ z x does above an old ,go?ic w9d[1 w\ld h attract$ in/ant att5tion1 _h x n be5 = ! occurr5ce ( ! same l9es 9 x :i* prevail b5ea? x4 ,! =m ( n only assimilates x m closely ) ! ro( on :i* x /&s4 ,b we mu/ n imitate *imneys ( ?is k9d1 = _! excell5ce consi/s only 9 _! agreem5t ) o!r details1 sep>at$ f :i* !y w\ld be objectionable2 we c only foll[ ! pr9ciple ( ! design1 :i* appe>s1 f all t we h advanc$1 to be ?is3 we require1 9 a good *imney1 ! "* ( ! build+ to :i* x belongs dive/$ ( all its elevation1 & its prevail+ l9es1 depriv$ ( all _! ornam5t4 #gi4 ,?is x is1 no d\bt1 excessively difficult to give2 &1 9 consequ5ce1 !re are v few cities or edifices 9 :i* ! *imneys are n objectionable4 ,we mu/ n1 !re=e1 omit to notice ! fulfillm5t ( our expectations1 f\nd$ on ,engli% "*4 ,! only two *imneys fit = imitation1 9 ! :ole eighte51 are ,engli%2 & we w\ld n inf] any?+ f ?is1 t5d+ to invalidate ! position =m]ly advanc$1 t !re 0 no ta/e 9 ,engl&2 b we w\ld adduce x z a f>!r illu/ration ( ! rule1 t :at is mo/ adapt$ to its purpose is mo/ beautiful4 ,= t we h no ta/e1 ev5 9 *imneys1 is suffici5tly prov$ by ! ro( effects1 ev5 ( ! mo/ anci5t1 unaffect$1 & unpla/]$ ( our /reets1 9 :i* ! *imneys1 in/ead ( assi/+ 9 ! composition ( ! gr\ps ( ro(s1 /& out 9 />+ masses ( sc>let & black1 ) foxes & cocks :isk+ ab\t1 l s _m little black devils1 9 ! smoke on ! top ( !m1 int]rupt+ all repose1 annihilat+ all dignity1 & awak+ e possible conception :i* w\ld be picturesque1 & e imag9ation :i* w\ld be raptur\s1 to ! m9d ( ma/]-sweeps4 #hj4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?\gh !y h n on ! ,cont95t ! same k ( ! use & beauty ( *imneys 9 ! ab/ract1 !y display _! usual good ta/e 9 gr\p+1 or conceal+ !m2 &1 :e!r we f9d !m m+l+ ) ! fanta/ic domiciles ( ! ,g]man1 ) ! ri* imag9ations ( ! ,spani>d1 ) ! classical rema9s & creations ( ! ,italian1 !y are nev] intrusive or disagreeable2 & ei!r assi/ ! gr\p+1 & relieve ! horizontality ( ! l9es ( ! ro(1 or rema9 entirely unnotic$ & insignificant1 smok+ _! pipes 9 peace4 #ha4 ,x is utt]ly impossible to give rules = ! atta9m5t ( ^! effects1 s9ce !y are ! result ( a feel+ ( ! proportion & relation ( l9es1 :i*1 if n natural to a p]son1 _c be acquir$1 b by long practice & close obs]vation2 & x presupposes a p[] r>ely be/[$ on an ,engli% ar*itect1 ( sett+ regul>ity at defiance1 & sometimes com=t out ( ! "q4 ,we c\ld give "s p>ticul> examples ( ?is gr\p+2 b1 z ?is pap] has already swell$ to an unusual l5g?1 we %all def] !m until we come to ! consid]ation ( /reet effects 9 g5]al4 ,( ! *imney 9 ! ab/ract1 we are afraid we h only said en\gh to illu/rate1 )\t remov+1 ! difficulty ( design+ x2 b we _c b ?9k t ! g5]al pr9ciples :i* h be5 d$uc$1 if c>efully foll[$ out1 w\ld be f\nd useful1 if n = ! atta9m5t ( excell5ce1 at lea/ = ! prev5tion ( b>b>ism4 ,,ox=d1 ,feb4 #aj1 #ahch4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,cottage--,,conclud+ ,,rem>ks4 ,nunquam aliud ,natura1 aliud ,sapi5tia1 dicit4 ,juv5al xiv4 #cba4 #hb4 ,x n[ only rema9s = u to conclude ! subject ( ! cottage1 by a few g5]al rem>ks on ! j application ( mod]n build+s to adorn or vivify natural sc5]y4 ,!re are1 we ?9k1 only ?ree cases 9 :i* ! cottage is consid]$ z an elem5t ( ar*itectural1 or any o!r k9d ( beauty1 s9ce x is ord9>ily rais$ by ! peasant :]e he likes1 & h[ he likes2 &1 !re=e1 z we h se51 frequ5tly 9 good ta/e4 #hc4 ,i4 ,:5 a nobleman1 or man ( =tune1 amuses himself ) sup]9t5d+ ! erection ( ! domiciles ( 8 dome/ics4 ,,ii4 ,:5 ornam5tal summ]-h\ses1 or mimicries ( wigwams1 are to be erect$ z ornam5tal adjuncts to a prospect :i* ! own] has done all he c to spoil1 t x may be wor?y ( ! honor ( hav+ him to look at x4 ,,iii4 ,:5 ! l&lord ex]cises a c]ta9 degree ( influ5ce ov] ! cottages ( 8 t5ants1 or ! improvem5ts ( ! neighbor+ village1 s z to induce su* a tone ( feel+ 9 ! new erections z he may ?9k suitable to ! situation4 #hd4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! cases1 !re is little to be said2 = ! habitation ( ! dome/ic is g5]ally a dep5d5t feature ( 8 ma/]'s1 &1 !re=e1 to be consid]$ z a "p ( x4 ,port]s' lodges are also dep5d5t ^u1 & to be regulat$ by1 ! /yle ( ! ar*itecture to :i* !y are atta*$2 & !y are g5]ally well manag$ 9 ,engl&1 prop]ly unit$ ) ! gate1 & add+ to ! effect ( ! entrance4 ,9 ! second case1 z ! act is 9 itself a b>b>ism1 x w\ld be useless to consid] :at w\ld be ! be/ mode ( p]petrat+ x4 ,9 ! ?ird case1 we ?9k x w be useful to apply a few g5]al pr9ciples1 d$uc$ f positions =m]ly advanc$4 #he4 ,all build+s are1 ( c\rse1 to be consid]$ 9 connection ) ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y are to be rais$4 ,n[1 all l&scape mu/ possess "o out ( f\r di/9ct *>act]s4 ,x mu/ be ei!r woody1 ! gre5 c\ntry2 cultivat$1 ! blue c\ntry2 wild1 ! gray c\ntry2 or hilly1 ! br[n c\ntry4 ,i4 ,! ,woody1 or gre51 ,c\ntry4 ,by ?is is to be und]/ood ! mixture ( p>k1 pa/ure1 & v>iegat$ =e/1 :i* is only to be se5 9 temp]ate climates1 & 9 ^? p>ts ( a k+dom :i* h n (t5 *ang$ proprietors1 b h rema9$ 9 unproductive beauty 7or at lea/1 furni%+ timb] only71 ! g>d5 ( ! weal?i] population4 ,x is to be se5 9 no o!r c\ntry1 p]haps1 s well z 9 ,engl&4 ,9 o!r di/ricts1 we f9d ext5sive masses ( black =e/1 b n ! mixture ( sunny glade1 & v>i\s foliage1 & dewy sw>d1 :i* we meet ) 9 ! ri*] p>k di/ricts ( ,engl&4 ,?is k9d ( c\ntry is always surgy1 oceanic1 & massy1 9 its outl9e3 x nev] af=ds blue di/ances1 unless se5 f a height2 &1 ev5 !n1 ! ne>] gr\ps are l>ge1 & draw away ! att5tion f ! backgr\nd4 ,! "u soil is kept cool by ! %ade1 & its vegetation ri*2 s t ! prevail+ color1 except = a few days at ! fall ( ! leaf1 is a fre% gre54 ,a good example ( ?is k9d ( c\ntry is ! view f ,ri*mond ,hill4 #hf4 ,n[1 fir/1 let u consid] :at sort ( feel+ ?is gre5 c\ntry excites2 &1 9 ord] to d s1 be x obs]v$1 t any?+ :i* is app>5tly endur+ & un*angeable gives u an impression r ( future1 ?an ( pa/1 duration ( exi/5ce2 b any?+ :i* be+ p]i%able1 & f its nature subject to *ange1 has yet exi/$ to a great age1 gives u an impression ( antiquity1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 none ( /ability4 ,a m\nta91 = in/ance 7n geologically speak+1 = !n ! furr[s on its br[ give x age z visible z 0 ev] wr9kl$ on human =ehead1 b consid]+ x z x appe>s to ord9>y eyes71 appe>s to be beyond ! influ5ce ( *ange3 x does n put u 9 m9d ( its pa/ exi/5ce1 by %[+ u any ( ! effect ( "t ^u itself2 we d n feel t x is old1 because x is n approa*+ any k9d ( dea?2 x is a mass ( uns5ti5t undecay+ matt]1 :i*1 if we ?9k ab\t x1 we discov] mu/ h exi/$ = "s "t1 b :i* does n tell ?is fact to our feel+s1 or1 r1 :i* tells u ( no "t at :i* x came into exi/5ce2 & !re=e1 gives u no /&>d by :i* to measure its age1 :i*1 unless measur$1 _c be di/9ctly felt4 ,b a v old =e/ tree is a ?+ subject to ! same laws ( nature z ourselves3 x is an en]getic be+1 liable to an approa*+ dea?2 its age is writt5 on e spray2 &1 because we see x is susceptible ( life & annihilation1 l our own1 we imag9e x mu/ be capable ( ! same feel+s1 & possess ! same faculties1 &1 above all o!rs1 memory3 x is always tell+ u ab\t ! pa/1 nev] po9t+ to ! future2 we appeal to x1 z to a ?+ :i* has se5 & felt dur+ a life simil> to our own1 ?\gh ( t5 times its duration1 & !re=e receive f x a p]petual impression ( antiquity4 ,s aga9 a ru9$ t[n gives u an impression ( antiquity2 ! /ones ( :i* x is built1 none2 = _! age is n writt5 ^u !m4 #hg4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x is evid5t t ! *ief feel+ induc$ by woody c\ntry is "o ( rev]5ce = its antiquity4 ,!re is a quiet melan*oly ab\t ! decay ( ! patri>*al trunks1 :i* is enhanc$ by ! gre5 & ela/ic vigor ( ! "y sapl+s2 ! noble =m ( ! =e/ aisles1 & ! subdu$ light :i* p5etrates _! entangl$ b\ghs1 comb9e to add to ! impression2 & ! :ole "* ( ! sc5e is calculat$ to excite cons]vative feel+4 ,! man :o c\ld rema9 a radical 9 a wood c\ntry is a disgrace to 8 species4 #hh4 ,n[1 ?is feel+ ( mix$ melan*oly & v5]ation is ! "o ( all o!rs :i* ! mod]n cottage mu/ n be all[$ to violate4 ,x may be fanta/ic or ri* 9 detail2 = ! "o "* w make x look old-fa%ion$1 & ! o!r w assimilate ) ! int]tw9+ ( leaf & b\gh ar\nd x3 b x mu/ n be spruce1 or natty1 or v bright 9 color2 & ! old] x looks ! bett]4 ,a little grotesqu5ess 9 =m is ! m all[able1 because ! imag9ation is naturally active 9 ! obscure & indef9ite daylight ( wood sc5]y2 conjures up innum]able be+s1 ( e size & %ape1 to p its alleys & smile ?r\gh its ?ickets2 & is by no means displeas$ to f9d "s ( its inv5tions half-realiz$ 9 a decorat$ panel or gr9n+ extremity ( a raft]4 #hi4 ,^! *>act]s be+ kept 9 view1 z objects to be atta9$1 ! rema9+ consid]ations are te*nical4 ,= ! =m4 ,select any well-gr[n gr\p ( ! tree :i* prevails mo/ ne> ! propos$ site ( ! cottage4 ,its summit w be a r\nd$ mass4 ,take ! ?ree pr9cipal po9ts ( its curve3 namely1 its apex & ! two po9ts :]e x unites itself ) neighbor+ masses4 ,/rike a circle ?r\gh ^! ?ree po9ts2 & ! angle conta9$ 9 ! segm5t cut (f by a l9e jo9+ ! two l[] po9ts is to be ! angle ( ! cottage ro(4 7,( c\rse we are n ?9k+ ( int]ior conv5i5ce3 ! ar*itect mu/ e/abli% 8 mode ( beauty fir/1 & !n approa* x z ne>ly z he c47 ,?is angle w g5]ally be v obtuse2 & ?is is "o reason :y ! ,swiss cottage is always beautiful :5 x is set among walnut or *e/nut trees4 ,its obtuse ro( is j ab\t ! true angle4 ,) p9es or l>*es1 ! angle %\ld n be regulat$ by ! =m ( ! tree1 b by ! slope ( ! bran*es4 ,! build+ itself %\ld be l[ & long1 s t1 if possible1 x may n be se5 all at once1 b may be p>tially conceal$ by trunks or leafage at v>i\s di/ances4 #ij4 ,= ! color1 t ( wood is always beautiful4 ,if ! wood ( ! ne> trees be us$1 s mu* ! bett]2 b ! timb]s %\ld be r\gh-hewn1 & all[$ to get wea!r-/a9$4 ,cold colors w n suit ) gre52 &1 !re=e1 slat$ ro(s are disagreeable1 unless1 z 9 ! ,we/morel& cottage1 ! gray ro( is w>m$ ) li*5\s vegetation1 :5 x w d well ) any?+2 b ?at* is bett]4 ,if ! build+ be n ( wood1 ! walls may be built ( any?+ :i* w give !m a quiet & unobtrud+ w>m? ( tone4 ,:ite1 if 9 %ade1 is sometimes all[able2 b1 if visible at any po9t m ?an #bjj y>ds (f1 x w spoil ! :ole l&scape4 ,9 g5]al1 z we saw be=e1 ! build+ w be> "s fanta/ic f9i%+1 t is1 if x be entangl$ 9 =e/2 b1 if among massive gr\ps ( trees1 sep>at$ by smoo? sw>d1 x mu/ be kept simple4 #ia4 ,,ii4 ,! ,cultivat$1 or blue1 ,c\ntry4 ,?is is ! ri* *ampaign l&1 9 :i* l>ge trees are m sp>+ly scatt]$1 & :i* is *iefly devot$ to ! purposes ( agriculture4 ,9 ?is we are p]petually gett+ blue di/ances f ! slighte/ elevation1 :i* are r5d]$ m decid$ly s by _! contra/ ) w>m corn or pl[$ fields 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,su* is ! great] "p ( ,engl&4 ,! view f ! hills ( ,malv]n is a good example4 ,9 di/ricts ( ?is k9d1 all is *ange2 "o ye>'s crop has no memory ( its pr$ecessor2 all is activity1 prosp]ity1 & usefulness3 no?+ is left to ! imag9ation2 !re is no obscurity1 no poetry1 no nons5se3 ! colors ( ! l&scape are bright & v>i$2 x is ?ickly populat$1 & gl[+ ) animal life4 ,"h1 !n1 ! "* ( ! cottage mu/ be *e]fulness2 its colors may be vivid3 :ite is always beautiful2 ev5 r$ tiles are all[able1 & r$ bricks endurable4 ,neatness w n spoil x3 ! angle ( its ro( may be acute1 its w9d[s sp>kl+1 & its roses r$ & abundant2 b x mu/ n be ornam5t$ nor fanta/ic1 x mu/ be evid5tly built = ! uses ( common life1 & h a matt]-(-fact bus9ess-l air ab\t x4 ,its ou?\ses & pig/ies1 & dunghills %\ld !re=e1 be kept 9 sight3 ! latt] may be made v pretty objects1 by twi/+ !m ) ! pit*=k1 & plait+ !m into braids1 z ! ,swiss d4 #ib4 ,,iii4 ,! ,wild1 or gray1 ,c\ntry4 ,wild is n exactly a correct epi!t2 we mean wide1 un9clos$1 treeless undulations ( l&1 :e!r cultivat$ or n4 ,! great] "p ( nor!rn ,france1 ?\gh well br\ght "u ! pl[1 w\ld come "u ! d5om9ation ( gray c\ntry4 ,occasional masses ( monoton\s =e/ d n de/roy ?is "*4 ,"h1 size is desirable1 & mass9ess ( =m2 b we mu/ h no brightness ( color 9 ! cottage1 o!rwise x w\ld draw ! eye to x at ?ree miles (f1 & ! :ole l&scape w\ld be cov]$ ) conspicu\s dots4 ,:ite is agreeable1 if sob]$ d[n2 slate all[able on ! ro( z well z ?at*4 ,= ! re/1 we ne$ only ref] to ! rem>ks made on ! propriety ( ! ,fr5* cottage4 #ic4 ,la/ly1 ,hill1 or br[n1 ,c\ntry4 ,& "h if we look to ,engl& alone1 z peculi>ly a cottage c\ntry1 ! rem>ks =m]ly advanc$1 9 ! consid]ation ( ! ,we/morel& cottage1 are suffici5t2 b if we g into m\nta9 di/ricts ( m v>i$ "*1 we %all f9d a diff]5ce exi/+ betwe5 e range ( hills1 :i* w dem& a correspond+ diff]5ce 9 ! /yle ( _! cottages4 ,! pr9ciples1 h[ev]1 are ! same 9 all situations1 & x w\ld be a hopeless task to endeavor to give m ?an g5]al pr9ciples4 ,9 hill c\ntry1 h[ev]1 ano!r "q is introduc$1 ^: inve/igation is peculi>ly necess>y 9 cases 9 :i* ! gr\nd has inequality ( surface1 t ( position4 ,& ! difficulty "h is1 n s mu* to asc]ta9 :]e ! build+ ought to be1 z to put x !re1 )\t sugge/+ any inquiry z to ! mode 9 :i* x got !re2 to prev5t its j application f appe>+ artificial4 ,b we _c ent] into ?is inquiry1 be=e lay+ d[n a numb] ( pr9ciples ( composition1 :i* are applicable1 n only to cottages1 b g5]ally2 & :i* we _c d$uce until we come to ! consid]ation ( build+s 9 gr\ps4 #id4 ,su* are ! great divisions "u :i* c\ntry & rural build+s may be compreh5d$2 b !re are int]m$iate conditions1 9 :i* modifi$ =ms ( ! cottage are applicable2 & x frequ5tly happ5s t c\ntry :i*1 consid]$ 9 ! ab/ract1 w\ld fall "u "o ( ^! classes1 possesses1 ow+ to its peculi> climate or associations1 a v diff]5t "*4 ,italy1 = in/ance1 is blue c\ntry2 yet x has n ! lea/ resemblance to ,engli% blue c\ntry4 ,we h paid p>ticul> att5tion to wood2 fir/1 because we _h n1 9 any previ\s pap]1 consid]$ :at 0 beautiful 9 a =e/ cottage2 & secondly1 because 9 su* di/ricts !re is g5]ally mu* m influ5ce ex]cis$ by proprietors ov] _! t5antry1 ?an 9 popul\s & cultivat$ di/ricts2 & our ,engli% p>k sc5]y1 ?\gh exquisitely beautiful1 is sometimes1 we ?9k1 a little monoton\s1 f ! want ( ?is v feature4 #ie4 ,& n[1 f>ewell to ! cottage1 &1 ) x1 to ! humility ( natural sc5]y4 ,we are sorry to leave x2 n t we h any idea ( liv+ 9 a cottage1 z a com=table ?+2 n t we pref] mud to m>ble1 or deal to mahogany2 b t1 ) x1 we leave mu* ( :at is mo/ beautiful ( e>?1 ! l[ & bee-inhabit$ sc5]y1 :i* is full ( quiet & prideless emotion1 ( su* calmness z we c imag9e prevail+ ov] our e>? :5 x 0 new 9 heav54 ,we are go+ into high] walks ( ar*itecture1 :]e we %all f9d a less close connection e/abli%$ betwe5 ! build+ & ! soil on :i* x /&s1 or ! air ) :i* x is surr\nd$1 b a clos] connection ) ! "* ( its inhabitant4 ,we %all h less to d ) natural feel+1 & m ) human passion2 we are com+ out ( /illness into turbul5ce1 out ( seclusion into ! multitude1 out ( ! wild]ness into ! _w4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,! ,villa4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,villa3 ,,lago ,,di ,,como3 ,,! ,,l[l& ,,villa3--,,engl&3 ,,! ,,briti% ,,villa3 ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,composition4 ,i4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,villa--,,lago ,,di ,,como4 #if4 ,9 all arts or sci5ces1 be=e we c det]m9e :at is j or beautiful 9 a gr\p1 we mu/ asc]ta9 :at is desirable 9 ! p>ts :i* compose x1 sep>ately consid]$2 & !re=e x w be mo/ advantage\s 9 ! pres5t case1 to keep out ( ! village & ! city1 until we h se>*$ hill & dale = examples ( isolat$ build+s4 ,?is mode ( consid]+ ! subject is also agreeable to ! feel+s1 z ! transition f ! high] ord]s ( solit>y edifices1 to gr\ps ( associat$ edifices1 is n s sudd5 or />tl+1 z t f nature's mo/ humble peace1 to man's mo/ turbul5t pride4 ,we h contemplat$ ! rural dwell+ ( ! peasant2 let u next consid] ! ruraliz$ domicile ( ! g5tleman3 & "h1 z be=e1 we %all fir/ det]m9e :at is !oretically beautiful1 & !n obs]ve h[ f> our expectations are fulfill$ 9 individual build+s4 ,b a few prelim9>y obs]vations are necess>y4 #ig4 ,man1 ! peasant1 is a be+ ( m m>k$ national "*1 ?an man1 ! educat$ & ref9$4 ,= nationality is f\nd$1 9 a great degree1 on prejudices & feel+s inculcat$ & ar\s$ 9 y\?1 :i* gr[ invet]ate 9 ! m9d z long z its views are conf9$ to ! place ( its bir?2 its ideas mold$ by ! cu/oms ( its c\ntry1 & its conv]sation limit$ to a circle compos$ ( individuals ( habits & feel+s l its own2 b :i* are gradually s(t5$ d[n1 & eradicat$1 :5 ! m9d is l$ into g5]al views ( ?+s1 :5 x is guid$ by reflection in/ead ( habit1 & has begun to lay aside op9ions contract$ "u ! influ5ce ( association & prepossession1 sub/itut+ 9 _! room philosophical d$uctions f ! calm contemplation ( ! v>i\s temp]s1 & ?\ghts1 & cu/oms1 ( mank9d4 ,! love ( its c\ntry w rema9 ) undim9i%$ /r5g? 9 ! cultivat$ m9d1 b ! national modes ( ?9k+ w vani% f ! discipl9$ intellect4 #ih4 ,n[ z x is only by ^! mann]isms ( ?\ght t ar*itecture is affect$1 we %all f9d t1 ! m poli%$ ! m9d ( its design]1 ! less national w be ! build+2 = its ar*itect w be l$ away by a se>* aft] a model ( ideal beauty1 & w n be involunt>ily guid$ by deep-root$ feel+s1 gov]n+ irresi/ibly 8 he>t & h&4 ,he w !re=e be 9 p]petual dang] ( =gett+ ! necess>y unison ( sc5e & climate1 &1 foll[+ up ! *ase ( ! ideal1 w neglect ! beauty ( ! natural2 an error :i* he c\ld n commit1 7 he less g5]al 9 8 views1 = !n ! prejudices to :i* he w\ld be subject1 w\ld be z truly 9 unison ) ! objects :i* creat$ !m1 z answ]+ notes ) ! *ords :i* awak5 !m4 ,we mu/ n1 !re=e1 be surpris$1 if build+s be>+ impress ( ! ex]cise ( f9e ?\ght & high tal5t 9 _! design1 %\ld yet (f5d u by p]petual discords ) sc5e & climate2 & if1 !re=e1 we sometimes d]ive less in/ruction1 & less pleasure f ! column> portico ( ! ,palace1 ?an f ! lat*$ door ( ! ,cottage4 #ii4 ,aga93 man1 9 8 h\rs ( relaxation1 :5 he is engag$ 9 ! pursuit ( m]e pleasure1 is less national ?an :5 he is "u ! influ5ce ( any ( ! m viol5t feel+s :i* agitate ev]yday life4 ,! reason ( ?is may at fir/ appe> some:at obscure1 b x w become evid5t1 on a little reflection4 ,ari/otle's def9ition ( pleasure1 p]haps ! be/ ev] giv51 is an agitation1 & settl+ ( ! _s into its own prop] nature2 simil>1 by ! by1 to ! giv+ ( lib]ty ( motion to ! molecules ( a m9]al1 foll[$ by _! cry/allization1 into _! own prop] =m4 ,n[ ?is prop] nature1 ,greek3 hyp>*\san phys91 is n ! acquir$ national habit1 b ! common & univ]sal con/itution ( ! human s\l4 ,?is con/itution is kept "u by ! feel+s :i* prompt to action1 = ^? feel+s dep5d ^u p>ts ( "*1 or ( prejudice1 :i* are peculi> to individuals or to nations2 & ! pleasure :i* all m5 seek is a k9d ( p>tial ca/+ away ( ^! m active feel+s1 to return to ! calm & un*ang+ con/itution ( m9d :i* is ! same 9 all4 #ajj4 ,we %all1 !re=e1 f9d t man1 9 ! bus9ess ( 8 life1 9 religion1 w>1 or ambition1 is national1 b 9 relaxation he manife/s a nature common to e individual ( 8 race4 ,a ,turk1 = in/ance1 & an ,engli% f>m]1 smok+ _! ev5+ pipes1 diff] only 9 s mu* z ! "o has a m\?piece ( amb]1 & ! o!r "o ( seal+ wax2 ! "o has a turban on 8 head1 & ! o!r a night-cap2 !y are ! same 9 feel+1 & to all int5ts & purposes ! same m54 ,b a ,turki% janiss>y & an ,engli% gr5adi] diff] widely 9 all _! modes ( ?9k+1 feel+1 & act+2 !y are /rictly national4 ,s aga91 a ,tyrolese ev5+ dance1 ?\gh ! co/ume1 & ! /ep1 & ! music may be diff]5t1 is ! same 9 feel+ z t ( ! ,p>isian gu+uette2 b foll[ ! ,tyrolese into _! temples1 & _! deep devotion & beautiful ?\gh sup]/iti\s rev]5ce w be f\nd v diff]5t f any feel+ exhibit$ dur+ a mass 9 ,notre-,dame4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x is a direct consequ5ce1 t we %all f9d mu* nationality 9 ! ,*ur* or ! ,=tress1 or 9 any build+ devot$ to ! purposes ( active life1 b v little 9 t :i* is d$icat$ exclusively to relaxation1 ! ,villa4 ,we %all be compell$ to seek out nations ( v /rong feel+ & imag9ative disposition1 or we %all f9d no correspond5ce :atev] betwe5 _! "*1 & t ( _! build+s devot$ to pleasure4 #aja4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 = in/ance1 !re is n ! slighte/4 ,beg9n+ at ! head ( ,w9d]m]e1 & runn+ d[n its bord] = ab\t six miles1 !re are six important g5tlem5's seats1 villas !y may be call$2 ! fir/ ( :i* is a squ>e :ite mass1 decorat$ ) pila/]s ( no ord]1 set 9 a gre5 av5ue1 slop+ d[n to ! wat]2 ! second is an imitation1 we suppose1 ( some?+ possess+ !oretical exi/5ce 9 ,switz]l&1 ) %>p gable ends1 & wood5 fl\ri%es turn+ ! corn]s1 set on a little dumpy m\nd ) a slate wall runn+ all r\nd x1 glitt]+ ) iron pyrites2 ! ?ird is a blue d>k-look+ box1 squeez$ up into a gr\p ( /raggly l>*es1 ) a bog 9 front ( x2 ! f\r? is a cream-color$ domicile1 9 a l>ge p>k1 r quiet & unaffect$1 ! be/ ( ! f\r1 ?\gh t is n say+ mu*2 ! fif? is an old-fa%ion$ ?+1 =mal1 & n>r[-w9d[$1 yet gray 9 its tone1 & quiet1 & n to be malign$2 & ! six? is a nondescript1 circul>1 putty-color$ habitation1 ) a lead5 dome on ! top ( x4 #ajb4 ,if1 h[ev]1 in/ead ( tak+ ,w9d]m]e1 we trace ! %ore ( ! ,lago di ,como1 we %all f9d "s expression & nationality2 & !re1 !re=e1 w we g1 to return1 h[ev]1 to ,engl&1 :5 we h obta9$ "s data by :i* to judge ( h] m =tunate edifices4 ,we notice ! m\nta9 villa fir/1 = two reasons2 because effect is always m consid]$ 9 its erection1 ?an :5 x is to be situat$ 9 a less int]e/+ c\ntry1 & because ! effect desir$ is v r>ely giv51 !re be+ f> great] difficulties to cont5d )4 ,b "o ^w m1 be=e sett+ (f = ! s\?4 ,?\gh1 z we saw be=e1 ! g5tleman has less national "* ?an ! boor1 8 individual "* is m m>k$1 especially 9 its f9] features1 :i* are cle>ly & p]fectly develop$ by education2 consequ5tly1 :5 ! inhabitant ( ! villa has _h any?+ to d ) its erection1 we might expect to f9d indications ( individual & peculi> feel+s1 :i* x w\ld be mo/ int]e/+ to foll[ out4 ,b ?is is no "p ( our pres5t task2 at "s future p]iod we hope to give a s]ies ( essays on ! habitations ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 ( ,europe1 %[+ h[ ! alt]ations :i* !y direct$1 & ! expression :i* !y be/[$1 correspond$ ) ! turn ( _! emotions1 & lead+ intellectual faculties3 b at pres5t we h to deal only ) g5]alities2 we h to asc]ta9 n :at w be pleas+ to a s+le m9d1 b :at w af=d gratification to e eye possess+ a c]ta9 degree ( exp]i5ce1 & e m9d end[$ ) a c]ta9 degree ( ta/e4 #ajc4 ,)\t fur!r preface1 !re=e1 let u endeavor to asc]ta9 :at w\ld be !oretically beautiful1 on ! %ore1 or among ! sc5]y ( ! ,l>ian ,lake1 prep>atory to a sket* ( ! g5]al features ( ^? villas :i* exi/ !re1 9 too great a multitude to admit1 on our "p1 ( mu* individual detail4 ,= ! g5]al tone ( ! sc5]y1 we may ref] to ! pap] on ! ,italian cottage2 = ! %ores ( ! ,lake ( ,como h g5]ally ! "* !re describ$1 ) a little m *e]fulness1 & a little less elevation1#ad b aid$ by great v>iety ( =m4 ,!y are n q s ri* 9 vegetation z ! pla9s3 bo? because ! soil is scanty1 !re be+1 ( c\rse1 no decomposition go+ on among ! rocks ( black m>ble :i* =m ! great] "p ( ! %ore2 & because ! m\nta9s rise /eeply f ! wat]1 leav+ only a n>r[ zone at _! bases 9 ! climate ( ,italy4 ,9 t zone1 h[ev]1 ! olive gr[s 9 great luxuriance1 ) ! cypress1 orange1 aloe1 myrtle1 & v9e1 ! latt] always trellis$4 ,footnote #ad3 ,t ,italian m\nta9 sc5]y has less elevation ( "* ?an ! pla9s may appe> s+ul>2 b !re are _m simple reasons = a fact :i*1 we d\bt n1 has be5 felt by e "o 7capable ( feel+ any?+71 :o ev] left ! ,alps to pass into ,lomb>dy4 ,! fir/ is1 t a m\nta9 sc5e1 z we saw 9 ! la/ pap]1 be>s no traces ( decay1 s9ce x nev] possess$ any ( life4 ,! desolation ( ! /]ile peaks1 nev] hav+ be5 int]rupt$1 is altoge!r free f ! melan*oly :i* is consequ5t on ! pass+ away ( int]ruption4 ,!y /ood up 9 ! "t ( ,italy's glory1 into ! voiceless air1 :ile all ! life & light :i* %e rememb]s n[ 0 work+ & mov+ at _! feet1 an animat$ cl\d1 :i* !y did n feel1 & d n miss4 ,t region ( life nev] rea*$ up _! flanks1 & has left !m no memorials ( its be+2 !y h no associations1 no monum5ts1 no memories2 we look on !m z we w\ld on o!r hills2 ?+s ( ab/ract & natural magnific5ce1 :i* ! pres5ce ( man c\ld n increase1 nor 8 dep>ture sadd54 ,!y are1 9 consequ5ce1 de/itute ( all t r5d]s ! "n ( ,ausonia ?rill+1 or h] *ampaigns beautiful1 beyond ! m]e spl5dor ( climate2 & ev5 t spl5dor is un%>$ by ! m\nta92 its cold atmosph]e be+ undi/+ui%$ by any ( t ri*1 purple1 e!real transp>5cy :i* gives ! air ( ! pla9s its dep? ( feel+1--we c f9d no bett] expression4 ,secondly4 ,9 all hill sc5]y1 ?\gh !re is increase ( size1 !re is want ( di/ance4 ,we are n speak+ ( views f summits1 b ( ! av]age aspect ( valleys4 ,suppose ! m\nta9s be #aj1jjj feet high1 _! summit w n be m ?an six miles di/ant 9 a direct l9e3 & !re is a g5]al s5se ( conf9em5t1 induc$ by _! wall-l b\nd>ies1 :i* is pa9ful1 contra/$ ) ! wide expatiation ( _s induc$ by a di/ant view ov] pla9s4 ,9 ord9>y c\ntries1 h[ev]1 :]e ! pla9 is an un9t]e/+ mass ( cultivation1 ! sublimity ( di/ance is n to be comp>$ to t ( size3 b1 :]e e y>d ( ! cultivat$ c\ntry has its tale to tell2 :]e x is p]petually int]sect$ by riv]s ^: names are mean+ music1 & glanc+ ) cities & villages e "o ( :i* has its own halo r\nd its head2 & :]e ! eye is c>ri$ by ! cle>ness ( ! air ov] ! blue ( ! f>!/ horizon1 )\t f9d+ "o wrea? ( mi/1 or "o %ad[y cl\d1 to *eck ! di/9ctness ( ! impression2 ! m5tal emotions excit$ are ri*]1 & deep]1 & swift] ?an c\ld be awak5$ by ! noble/ hills ( ! e>?1 unconnect$ ) ! de$s ( m54 ,la/ly4 ,! pla9 c\ntry ( ,italy has n ev5 to *oose betwe5 ! glory ( di/ance & ( size1 = x has bo?4 ,i d n ?9k !re is a spot1 f ,v5ice to ,mess9a1 :]e two ranges ( m\nta91 at ! lea/1 are n 9 sight at ! same "t4 ,9 ,lomb>dy1 ! ,alps are on "o side1 ! ,ap5n9es on ! o!r2 9 ! ,v5etian t]ritory1 ! ,alps1 ,ap5n9es & ,euganean hills2 go+ s\?w>d1 ! ,ap5n9es always1 _! outworks runn+ f> t[>ds ! sea1 & ! coa/ itself frequ5tly m\nta9\s4 ,n[1 ! aspect ( a noble range ( hills1 at a consid]able di/ance1 is1 9 our op9ion1 f> m impos+ 7consid]$ 9 ! ab/ract7 ?an !y are1 se5 ne>3 _! height is bett] told1 _! outl9es s(t] & m melodi\s1 _! maje/y m my/]i\s4 ,b1 9 ,italy1 !y ga9 m by di/ance ?an maje/y3 !y ga9 life4 ,!y cease to be ! cold =getful ?+s !y 72 !y hold ! noble pla9s 9 _! lap1 & become v5]able1 z hav+ look$ d[n ^u !m1 & wat*$ ov] !m =ev]1 un*ang+2 !y become "p ( ! picture ( associations3 we end[ !m ) memory1 & !n feel !m to be possess$ ( all t is glori\s on e>?4 ,= ^! ?ree reasons1 !n1 ! pla9s ( ,italy possess f> m elevation ( "* ?an h] hill sc5]y4 ,to ! nor?w>d1 ?is contra/ is felt v /rik+ly1 z ! di/9ction is well m>k$1 ! ,alps ris+ %>ply & sudd5ly4 ,to ! s\?w>d1 ! pla9 is m m+l$ ) l[ project+ promontories1 & unites almo/ e k9d ( beauty4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 among h] nor!rn lakes1 ! ri*ness ( ! l[ climate1 & ! magnific5ce ( =m & color pres5t$ by ! di/ant ,alps1 raise ! "* ( ! sc5e immeasurably above t ( mo/ hill l&scapes1 ev5 7 ^? natural features entirely unassi/$ by associations :i*1 ?\gh m sp>+ly scatt]$ ?an 9 ! s\?1 are suffici5t to give light to e leaf1 & voice to e wave4 #ajd4 ,n[1 z to ! situation ( ! cottage1 we h already se5 t great humility 0 necess>y1 bo? 9 ! build+ & its site1 to prev5t x f (f5d+ u by an app>5t /ruggle ) =ces1 comp>$ ) :i* its /r5g? 0 du/3 b we _c h ?is extreme humility 9 ! villa1 ! dwell+ ( weal? & p[]1 & yet we mu/ n1 any m1 sugge/ ! idea ( its resi/+ natural influ5ces "u :i* ! ,pyramids c\ld n abide4 ,! only way ( solv+ ! difficulty is1 to select su* sites z %all seem to h be5 set aside by nature z places ( re/1 z po9ts ( calm & endur+ beauty1 orda9$ to sit & smile 9 _! glory ( quietness1 :ile ! avalan*e br&s ! m\nta9 top1#ae & ! torr5t desolates ! valley2 yet s pres]v$1 n by %elt] amid/ viol5ce1 b by be+ plac$ :olly out ( ! influ5ce ( viol5ce4 ,= 9 ?is !y mu/ diff] f ! site ( ! cottage1 t ! peasant may seek = protection "u "s l[ rock or 9 "s n>r[ dell1 b ! villa mu/ h a doma9 to itself1 at once conspicu\s1 beautiful1 & calm4 ,footnote #ae3 ,!re are two k9ds ( w9t] avalan*es2 ! "o1 %eets ( froz5 sn[ slid+ on ! surface ( o!rs4 ,! swiftness ( ^!1 z ! clav5di] ( ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,b]n>d told me1 he c\ld comp>e to no?+ b t ( a cannon ball ( equal size4 ,! o!r is a roll+ mass ( sn[1 accumulat+ 9 its desc5t4 ,?is1 graz+ ! b>e hill-side1 te>s up its surface l du/1 br++ away soil1 rock1 & vegetation1 z a graz+ ball te>s fle%2 & leav+ its )]$ pa? di/9ct on ! gre5 hill-side1 z if ! m\nta9 _h be5 br&$ ) r$-hot iron4 ,!y g5]ally keep to ! same pa?s2 b :5 ! sn[ accumulates1 & s5ds "o d[n ! wrong way1 x has be5 kn[n to cut d[n a p9e =e/1 z a scy! m[s grass4 ,! tale ( its "w is well told by ! se>$ & br&$ m>ks on ! hill summits & sides4 #aje4 ,z reg>ds ! =m ( ! cottage1 we h se5 h[ ! ,we/morel& cottage h>moniz$ ) ! ease ( outl9e s conspicu\s 9 hill sc5]y1 by ! irregul>ity ( its details2 b1 "h1 no su* irregul>ity is all[able or consi/5t1 & is n ev5 desirable4 ,= ! cottage enhances ! wildness ( ! surr\nd+ sc5e1 by sympa?iz+ ) x2 ! villa mu/ d ! same ?+1 by contra/+ ) x4 ,! eye feels1 9 a f> great] degree1 ! t]ror ( ! di/ant & desolate peaks1 :5 x passes d[n _! rav9$ sides to slop+ & v]dant hills1 & is guid$ f ^! to ! ri* gl[ ( vegetable life 9 ! l[ zones1 & ?r\gh ?is gl[ to ! tall front ( "s noble edifice1 peaceful ev5 9 its pride4 ,b ?is contra/ mu/ n be sudd51 or x w be />tl+ & h>%2 & !re=e1 z we saw above1 ! villa mu/ be plac$ :]e all ! sev]e features ( ! sc5e1 ?\gh n conceal$1 are di/ant1 & :]e !re is a graduation1 s to speak1 ( impressions1 f t]ror to lovel9ess1 ! "o s(t5$ by di/ance1 ! o!r elevat$ 9 its /yle3 & ! =m ( ! villa mu/ n be fanta/ic or angul>1 b mu/ be full ( v>iety1 s temp]$ by simplicity z to obta9 ease ( outl9e unit$ ) elevation ( "*2 ! fir/ be+ necess>y = reasons be=e advanc$1 & ! second1 t ! :ole may h>monize ) ! feel+s induc$ by ! l(ty features ( ! accompany+ sc5]y 9 any hill c\ntry1 & yet m1 on ! ,l>ian ,lake1 by ! deep memories & ev]la/+ associations :i* haunt ! /illness ( its %ore4 ,( ! color requir$ by ,italian l&scape we h spok5 be=e1 & we %all see t1 p>ticul>ly 9 ?is case1 :ite or pale tones are agreeable4 #ajf4 ,we %all n[ proce$ to ! situation & =m ( ! villa4 ,z reg>ds situation2 ! villas ( ! ,lago di ,como are built1 p> prfr5ce1 ei!r on jutt+ promontories ( l[ crag cov]$ ) olives1 or on ^? p>ts ( ! %ore :]e "s m\nta9 /ream has c>ri$ out a bank ( alluvium into ! lake4 ,"o object propos$ 9 ?is *oice ( situation is1 to cat* ! breeze z x comes up ! ma9 op5+ ( ! hills1 & to avoid ! reflection ( ! sun's rays f ! rocks ( ! actual %ore2 & ano!r is1 to obta9 a prospect up or d[n ! lake1 & ( ! hills on ^: projection ! villa is built3 b ! effect ( ?is *oice :5 ! build+ is consid]$ ! object1 is to c>ry x exactly into ! place :]e x ought to be1 f> f ! /eep precipice & d>k m\nta91 to ! bord] ( ! w9d+ bay & citron-sc5t$ cape1 :]e x /&s at once conspicu\s & 9 peace4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! view ( ,villa ,s]belloni#af f across ! lake1 al?\gh ! eye falls sudd5ly f ! crags above to ! promontory bel[1 yet all ! sublime & sev]e features ( ! sc5e are kept 9 ! di/ance1 & ! villa itself is m+l$ ) graceful l9es1 & embosom$ 9 ri* vegetation4 ,! promontory sep>ates ! ,lake ( ,lecco f t ( ,como1 prop]ly s-call$1 & is ?ree miles f ! opposite %ore1 :i* gives room en\gh = arial p]spective4 ,footnote #af3 ,villa ,s]belloni1 n[ ! dp5d5ce ( ! ,htel ,gr&e ,bretagne at ,bellaggio1 & ,villa ,somma-,riva1 n[ call$ ,villa ,c>lotta1 at ,cad5abbia1 & visit$ by e t\ri/ = its collection ( mod]n /atu>y1 are bo? too well kn[n to ne$ illu/ration by ! v poor wood-cuts :i* accompani$ ?is *apt] 9 ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e4 ,! orig9al draw+s are lo/2 judg+ f t ( ! cottage 9 ,val d',ao/a we may safely believe t !y 7 mo/ inadequately repres5t$ by ! old cuts4 #ajg4 ,we %all n[ consid] ! =m ( ! villa4 ,x is g5]ally ! apex ( a s]ies ( artificial t]races1 :i* conduct ?r\gh its g>d5s to ! wat]4 ,^! are =mal 9 _! design1 b ext5sive1 wide1 & maje/ic 9 _! slope1 ! /eps be+ g5]ally ab\t #a_/b ft4 high & #d-a_/b ft4 wide 7sometimes h[ev] mu* deep]74 ,!y are g5]ally support$ by :ite wall1 /r5g!n$ by unfill$ ar*es1 ! angles be+ turn$ by sculptur$ p$e/als1 surm\nt$ by /atues1 or urns4 ,along ! t]races are c>ri$ r[s1 sometimes ( cypress1 m frequ5tly ( orange or lemon trees1 ) myrtles1 sweet bay1 & aloes1 int]m+l$1 b always ) d>k & spiry cypresses occurr+ 9 gr\ps2 & atta*$ to ^! t]races1 or to ! villa itself1 are s]ies ( ar*$ grottoes built 7or sometimes cut 9 ! rock7 = coolness1 frequ5tly ov]hang+ ! wat]1 kept d>k & fre%1 & altoge!r delici\s to ! feel+s4 ,a good in/ance ( ^! unit$ peculi>ities is se5 9 ,villa ,somma-,riva1 ,lago di ,como4 ,! effect ( ^! approa*es is disputable4 ,x is displeas+ to _m1 f its =mality2 b we are p]suad$ t x is "r1 because x is a national /yle1 & !re=e has 9 all probability due connection ) sc5e & "*3 & ?is connection we %all endeavor to prove4 #ajh4 ,! frequ5t occurr5ce ( ! ar* is always delightful 9 di/ant effect1 p>tly on acc\nt ( its graceful l9e1 p>tly because ! %ade x ca/s is v>i$ 9 dep?1 becom+ deep] & deep] z ! grotto retires1 & p>tly because x gives great app>5t elevation to ! walls :i* x supports4 ,! grottoes !mselves are agreeable objects se5 ne>1 because !y give an impression ( coolness to ! eye2 & !y e*o all s\nds ) great melody2 small /reams are (t5 conduct$ ?r\gh !m1 occasion+ slight breezes by _! motion4 ,!n ! /atue & ! urn are graceful 9 _! outl9e1 classical 9 _! mean+1 & correct 9 _! position1 = :]e c\ld !y be m appropriate ?an "h2 ! "o m9i/]+ to memory1 & ! o!r to m\rn+4 ,! t]races !mselves are dignifi$ 9 _! "* 7a necess>y effect1 z we saw above71 & ev5 ! =mal r[s ( trees are "r 9 ?is climate1 = a peculi> reason4 ,effect is always to be consid]$1 9 ,italy1 z if ! sun 7 always to %9e1 = x does n9e days out ( t54 ,n[ ! %ad[s ( foliage regul>ly dispos$1 fall ) a grace :i* x is impossible to describe1 runn+ up & d[n across ! m>ble /eps1 & ca/+ alt]nate /atues into d>kness2 & *eck]+ ! :ite walls ) a me?od 9 _! madness1 altoge!r unatta9able by loose gr\p+ ( trees2 & !re=e1 = ! sake ( ?is k9d ( %ade1 to :i* ! eye1 z well z ! feel+1 is attract$1 ! long r[ ( cypresses or orange trees is all[able4 #aji4 ,b !re is a /ill m important reason = x1 ( a directly contr>y nature to t :i* its =mality w\ld seem to require4 ,9 all beautiful designs ( ext]ior desc5t1 a c]ta9 regul>ity is necess>y2 ! l9es %\ld be graceful1 b !y mu/ balance ea* o!r1 slope answ]+ to slope1 /atue to /atue4 ,n[ ?is ma!matical regul>ity w\ld hurt ! eye excessively 9 ! mid/ ( sc5es ( natural grace1 7 x execut$ 9 b>e /one2 b1 if we make "p ( ! design itself foliage1 & put 9 t\*es ( regul> %ade1 alt]nat+ ) ! /one1 ^: di/ances & d>kness are z ma!matically limit$ z ! re/ ( ! gr\p+1 b ^: nature is *angeful & v>i$ 9 individual =ms1 we h obta9$ a l9k betwe5 nature & art1 a /ep ( transition1 lead+ ! feel+s gradually f ! beauty ( regul>ity to t ( fre$om4 ,& ?is effect w\ld n be obta9$1 z might at fir/ appe>1 by int]m+l+ trees ( diff]5t k9ds1 at irregul> di/ances1 or :]ev] !y *ose to gr[2 = !n ! design & ! foliage w\ld be in/antly sep>at$ by ! eye1 ! symmetry ( ! "o w\ld be int]rupt$1 ! grace ( ! o!r lo/2 ! nobility ( ! design w\ld n be se51 b its =mality w\ld be felt2 & ! wildness ( ! trees w\ld be injuri\s1 because x w\ld be felt to be out ( place4 ,on pr9ciples ( composition1 !re=e1 ! regul> disposition ( decorative foliage is "r1 :5 su* foliage is mix$ ) ar*itecture2 b x requires great ta/e1 & long /udy1 to design ?is disposition prop]ly4 ,trees ( d>k leaf & little color %\ld be inv>iably us$1 = !y are to be consid]$1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 r z free t\*es ( %ade ?an z trees4 #aaj4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! mo/ simple bit ( design1 su* z a holl[ balu/rade1 & suppose t x is f\nd to look cold or raw1 :5 execut$1 & to want dep?4 ,!n put small pots1 ) any d>k %rub1 ! d>k] ! bett]1 at fix$ places beh9d !m1 at ! same di/ance z ! balu/rades1 or betwe5 e two or ?ree1 & keep !m cut d[n to a c]ta9 height1 & we h imm$iate dep? & increas$ ease1 ) undim9i%$ symmetry4 ,b ! great difficulty is to keep ! ?+ )9 prop] limits1 s9ce too mu* ( x w lead to paltr9ess1 z is ! case 9 a slight degree 9 ,isola ,bella1 on ,lago ,maggiore2 & n to let x run into small details3 =1 be x rememb]$1 t x is only 9 ! maje/y ( art1 9 its l>ge & g5]al effects1 t ?is regul>ity is all[able2 no?+ b v>iety %\ld be /udi$ 9 detail1 & !re=e !re c be no b>b>ism great] ?an ! loz5ge bord]s & b$s ( ! ,fr5* g>d54 ,! sc5]y ar\nd mu/ be naturally ri*1 t its v>iety ( l9e may relieve ! slight /iffness ( ! ar*itecture itself3 & ! climate mu/ always be consid]$2 =1 z we saw1 ! *ief beauty ( ^! flights ( /eps dep5ds ^u ! pres5ce ( ! sun2 &1 if !y are to be 9 %ade half ! ye>1 ! d>k trees w only make !m gloomy1 ! grass w gr[ betwe5 ! /ones ( ! /eps1 black we$s w flick] f ! p$e/als1 damp mosses discolor ! /atues & urns1 & ! :ole w become "o incongru\s ru91 "o ridicul\s decay4 ,besides1 ! v dignity ( its "*1 ev5 c\ld x be kept 9 prop] ord]1 w\ld be out ( place 9 any c\ntry b ,italy4 ,bu/s ( ,virgil or ,ario/o w\ld look a/oni%$ 9 an ,engli% sn[/orm2 /atues ( ,apollo & ,diana w\ld be no m div9e1 :]e ! laurels ( ! "o w\ld be weak1 & ! cresc5t ( ! o!r w\ld nev] gleam 9 pure moonlight4 ,! :ole glory ( ! design consi/s 9 its unison ) ! dignity ( ! l&scape1 & ) ! classical tone ( ! c\ntry4 ,take x away f its concomitant circum/ances1 &1 in/ead ( conduct+ ! eye to x by a s]ies ( l(ty & dreamy impressions1 br+ x ?r\gh gre5 lanes1 or ov] copse-cov]$ crags1 z w\ld be ! case 9 ,engl&1 & ! :ole sy/em becomes utt]ly & absolutely absurd1 ugly 9 outl9e1 worse ?an useless 9 application1 unmean+ 9 design1 & incongru\s 9 association4 #aaa4 ,x seems1 !n1 t 9 ! approa* to ! ,italian villa1 we h discov]$ great nationality & great beauty1 :i* 0 m ?an we c\ld h expect$1 b a beauty utt]ly untransf]able f its own settl$ habitation4 ,9 our next pap] we %all proce$ to ! build+ itself1 :i* w n deta9 u long1 z x is g5]ally simple 9 its design1 & take a g5]al view ( villa ar*itecture ov] ,italy4 #aab4 ,we h be/[$ consid]able att5tion on ?is /yle ( ,g>d5 ,ar*itecture1 because x has be5 mu* abus$ by p]sons ( high au?ority1 & g5]al good ta/e1 :o =got1 9 _! love ( grace & ideal beauty1 ! connection ) surr\nd+ circum/ances s manife/ ev5 9 its =mality4 ,eu/ace1 we ?9k1 is "o ( ^!2 &1 al?\gh x is an error ( a k9d he is p]petually committ+1 he is s f> "r1 t ?is mann]ism is frequ5tly c>ri$ into excess ev5 9 its own peculi> doma91 !n becom+ disagreeable1 & is always a dang]\s /yle 9 inexp]i5c$ h&s4 ,we ?9k1 h[ev]1 p>adoxical z ! op9ion may appe>1 t e "o :o is a true lov] ( nature1 & has be5 br$ 9 h] wild s*ool1 w be an admir] ( ?is symmetrical design+1 9 its place2 & w feel1 z (t5 z he contemplates x1 t ! unit$ effect ( ! wide & noble /eps1 ) ! pure wat] da%+ ov] !m l heat$ cry/al1 ! long %ad[s ( ! cypress groves1 ! gold5 leaves & glori\s light ( blossom ( ! glanc+ aloes1 ! pale /atues gleam+ along ! heights 9 _! ev]la/+ dea? 9 life1 _! motionless br[s look+ d[n =ev] on ! lovel9ess 9 :i* _! be+s once dwelt1 m>ble =ms ( m ?an mortal grace light5+ along ! gre5 arcades1 amid/ d>k cool grottoes1 full ( ! voice ( da%+ wat]s1 & ( ! brea? ( myrtle blossoms1 ) ! blue ( ! deep lake & ! di/ant precipice m+l+ at e op5+ ) ! et]nal sn[s gl[+ 9 _! noontide sil5ce1 is "o n unwor?y ( ,italy's mo/ noble remembrances4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,villa--,,lago ,,di ,,como 7,cont9u$74 #aac4 ,hav+ consid]$ ! propriety ( ! approa*1 x rema9s = u to inve/igate ! nature ( ! feel+s excit$ by ! villas ( ! ,lago di ,como 9 p>ticul>1 & ( ,italy 9 g5]al4 ,we m5tion$ t ! bases ( ! m\nta9s bord]+ ! ,lake ( ,como 7 *iefly compos$ ( black m>ble2 black1 at lea/1 :5 poli%$1 & v d>k gray 9 its g5]al effect4 ,?is is v f9ely /ratifi$ 9 b$s v>y+ 9 ?ickness f an in* to two or ?ree feet2 & ^! b$s1 tak5 ( a m$ium ?ickness1 =m flat slabs1 easily brok5 into rectangul> fragm5ts1 :i*1 be+ excessively compact 9 _! gra91 are admirably adapt$ = a build+ mat]ial4 ,!re is a little pale lime/one#ag among ! hills to ! s\?2 b ?is m>ble1 or primitive lime/one 7= x is n highly cry/all9e71 is n only m easy ( access1 b a m durable /one4 ,( ?is1 consequ5tly1 almo/ all ! build+s on ! lake %ore are built2 &1 !re=e1 7 _! mat]ial unconceal$1 w\ld be ( a d>k monoton\s & melan*oly gray t9t1 equally un9t]e/+ to ! eye1 & depress+ to ! m9d4 ,to prev5t ?is result1 !y are cov]$ ) diff]5t compositions1 sometimes :ite1 m frequ5tly cream-color$1 & ( v>y+ dep?2 ! mold+s & pila/]s be+ frequ5tly ( deep] tones ?an ! walls4 ,! insides ( ! grottoes1 h[ev]1 :5 n cut 9 ! rock itself1 are left uncov]$1 ?us =m+ a /rong contra/ ) ! :it5ess outside2 giv+ great dep?1 & p]mitt+ we$s & fl[]s to root !mselves on ! r\ghnesses1 & rock /reams to di/ill ?r\gh ! fissures ( ! d>k /ones2 :ile all p>ts ( ! build+ to :i* ! eye is drawn1 by _! =m or details 7except ! capitals ( ! pila/]s71 su* z ! urns1 ! /atues1 ! /eps1 or balu/rades1 are execut$ 9 v f9e :ite m>ble1 g5]ally f ! qu>ries ( ,c>r>a1 :i* supply quantities ( fragm5ts ( ! f9e/ quality1 :i* nev]!less1 ow+ to _! want ( size1 or to ! pres5ce ( conspicu\s ve9s1 are unavailable = ! high] purposes ( sculpture4 ,footnote #ag3 ,pale lime/one1 ) dolomite4 ,a co>se dolomite =ms ! mass ( m\nta9s on ! ea/ ( ,lake ,lecco1 ,monte ,campione1 etc41 & "p ( ! o!r side1 z well z ! ,monte del ,novo1 above ,cad5abbia2 b ! bases ( ! hills1 along ! %ore ( ! ,lake ( ,lecco1 & all ! m\nta9s on bo? sides ( ! l[] limb ( ,como are black lime/one4 ,! :ole nor!rn half ( ! lake is bord]$ by gneiss or mica slate1 ) t]ti>y deposit :]e torr5ts ent] x4 ,s t ! dolomite is only obta9able by asc5d+ ! hills1 & incurr+ consid]able exp5se ( c>riage2 :ile ! rocks ( ! %ore split into blocks ( _! own accord1 & are o!rwise an excell5t mat]ial4 #aad4 ,n[1 ! fir/ "q is1 is ?is v pale color desirable8 ,x is to be hop$ s1 or else ! :ole ( ,italy mu/ be pron\nc$ full ( impropriety4 ,! fir/ circum/ance 9 its favor is "o :i*1 ?\gh connect$ only ) lake sc5]y1 we %all notice at l5g?1 z x is a po9t ( high importance 9 our own c\ntry4 ,:5 a small piece ( quiet wat] reposes 9 a valley1 or lies embosom$ among crags1 its *ief beauty is d]iv$ f our p]ception ( cry/all9e dep?1 unit$ ) excessive slumb]4 ,9 its limit$ surface we _c get ! sublimity ( ext5t1 b we may h ! beauty ( peace1 & ! maje/y ( dep?4 ,! object mu/ !re=e be1 to get ! eye (f its surface1 & to draw x d[n1 to beguile x into t fairy l& und]nea?1 :i* is m beautiful ?an :at x repeats1 because x is all full ( dreams unatta9able1 & illimitable4 ,?is c only be done by keep+ its edge out ( sight1 & guid+ ! eye (f ! l& into ! reflection1 z if x 7 pass+ into a mi/1 until x f9ds itself swimm+ into ! blue sky1 ) a ?rill ( unfa?omable fall+4 7,if !re be n a t\* ( sky at ! bottom1 ! wat] w be disagreeably black1 & ! cle>] ! m fe>ful47 ,n[1 "o t\* ( :ite reflection ( an object at ! edge w de/roy ! :ole illusion1 = x w come l ! fla% ( light on armor1 & w %[ ! surface1 n ! dep?3 x w tell ! eye :]eab\ts x is2 w def9e ! limit ( ! edge2 & w turn ! dream ( limitless dep? into a small1 un9t]e/+1 reposeless piece ( wat]4 ,9 all small lakes or pools1 !re=e1 /eep bord]s ( d>k crag1 or ( ?ick foliage1 are to be obta9$1 if possible2 ev5 a %+ly %ore w spoil !m3 & ?is 0 "o reason1 x w be rememb]$ = our admiration ( ! color ( ! ,we/morel& cottage1 because x nev] broke ! repose ( wat] by its reflection4 #aae4 ,b ?is pr9ciple applies only to small pieces ( wat]1 on :i* we look d[n1 z mu* z along ! surface4 ,z soon z we get a %eet1 ev5 if only a mile across1 we lose dep?2 fir/1 because x is almo/ impossible to get ! surface )\t a breeze on "s "p ( x2 &1 aga91 because we look along x1 & get a great deal ( sky 9 ! reflection1 :i*1 :5 occupy+ too mu* space1 tells z m]e flat light4 ,b we may h ! beauty ( ext5t 9 a v high degree2 & x is !re=e desirable to "k h[ f> ! wat] goes1 t we may h a cle> conception ( its space4 ,n[1 its bord]1 at a great di/ance1 is always lo/1 unless x be def9$ by a v di/9ct l9e2 & su* a l9e is h>%1 flat1 & cutt+ on ! eye4 ,to avoid ?is1 ! bord] itself %\ld be d>k1 z 9 ! o!r case1 s t !re may be no cont9u\s horizontal l9e ( dem>cation2 b "o or two bright :ite objects %\ld be set "h & !re along or ne> ! edge3 _! reflections w fla% on ! d>k wat]1 & w in=m ! eye 9 a mom5t ( ! :ole di/ance & transp>5cy ( ! surface x is trav]s+4 ,:5 !re is a slight swell on ! wat]1 !y w come d[n 9 long1 beautiful1 p]p5dicul> l9es1 m+l+ exquisitely ) ! /reaky gre5 ( reflect$ foliage2 :5 !re is none1 !y become a di/ant image ( ! object !y repeat1 end[$ ) inf9ite repose4 #aaf4 ,^! rem>ks1 true ( small lakes ^: edges are gre51 apply ) f> great] =ce to %eets ( wat] on :i* ! eye passes ov] t5 or tw5ty miles 9 "o long glance1 & ! prevail+ color ( ^: bord]s is1 z we notic$ :5 speak+ ( ! ,italian cottage1 blue4 ,! :ite reflections are "h excessively valuable1 giv+ space1 brilliancy1 & transp>5cy2 & furni% "o v p[]ful apology1 ev5 did o!r objections r5d] an apology necess>y1 = ! pale tone ( ! color ( ! villas1 ^: reflections1 ow+ to _! size & conspicu\s situations1 always take a consid]able "p 9 ! sc5e1 & are !re=e ?+s to be att5tively consid]$ 9 ! erection ( su* build+s1 p>ticul>ly 9 a climate ^: calmness r5d]s its lakes quiet = ! great] "p ( ! day4 ,no?+1 9 fact1 c be m beautiful ?an ! int]m+l+ ( ^! bright l9es ) ! d>kness ( ! rev]s$ cypresses se5 aga9/ ! deep azure ( ! di/ant hills 9 ! cry/all9e wat]s ( ! lake1 ( :i* "s "o aptly says1 ,deep )9 its azure re/1 :ite villages sleep sil5tly2#ah or ?an _! column> p]spective1 z village aft] village cat*es ! light1 & /rikes ! image to ! v quiete/ recess ( ! n>r[ wat]1 & ! v f>!/ holl[ ( ! fold$ hills4 ,footnote #ah3 ,a rem9isc5ce ( two l9es f a poem on ! ,lago di ,como writt5 by ! au?or 9 #ahcc4 #aag4 ,f all ?is1 x appe>s t ! effect ( ! :ite villa 9 wat] is delightful4 ,on l& x is q z important1 b m d\btful4 ,! fir/ objection1 :i* /rikes u in/antly :5 we imag9e su* a build+1 is ! want ( repose1 ! />tl+ gl>e ( effect1 induc$ by its unsubdu$ t9t4 ,b ?is objection does n /rike u :5 we see ! build+2 a circum/ance :i* 0 p>tly acc\nt$ = be=e1 9 speak+ ( ! cottage1 & :i* we %all pres5tly see f>!r cause n to be surpris$ at4 ,a m important objection is1 t su* :it5ess de/roys a great deal ( v5]able "*1 & h>monizes ill ) ! melan*oly tones ( surr\nd+ l&scape3 & ?is requires detail$ consid]ation4 #aah4 ,pal5ess ( color de/roys ! maje/y ( a build+2 fir/1 by h9t+ at a disguis$ & humble mat]ial2 &1 secondly1 by tak+ away all appe>ance ( age4 ,we %all speak ( ! effect ( ! mat]ial pres5tly2 b ! deprivation ( app>5t antiquity is dep5d5t 9 a great degree on ! color2 & 9 ,italy1 :]e1 z we saw be=e1 ev]y?+ ought to po9t to ! pa/1 is s]i\s injury1 ?\gh1 = sev]al reasons1 n s fatal z might be imag9$2 = we d n require1 9 a build+ rais$ z a light summ]-h\se1 :]e9 to :ile away a few pleasure h\rs1 ! evid5ce ( ance/ral dignity1 )\t :i* ! *teau or palace c possess h>dly any beauty4 ,we "k t x is orig9ally built m z a play?+ ?an z a monum5t2 z ! delight ( an individual1 n ! possession ( a race2 & t ! v lightness & c>elessness ( feel+ ) :i* su* a domicile is ent]$ & inhabit$ by its fir/ build] w\ld dem&1 to sympa?ize & keep 9 unison ) !m1 n ! k9d ( build+ adapt$ to excite ! v5]ation ( ages1 b t :i* c mo/ gayly m9i/] to ! amusem5t ( h\rs4 ,= all m5 desire to h memorials ( _! actions1 b none ( _! recreations2 inasmu* z we only wi% t to be rememb]$ :i* o!rs w n1 or _c p]=m or exp]i5ce2 & we "k t all m5 c enjoy recreation z mu* z ourselves4 ,we wi% succe$+ g5]ations to admire our en]gy1 b n ev5 to be aw>e ( our lassitude2 to "k :5 we mov$1 b n :5 we re/$2 h[ we rul$1 n h[ we condesc5d$2 &1 !re=e1 9 ! case ( ! triumphal ar*1 or ! h]$it>y palace1 if we are ! build]s1 we desire /ability2 if ! behold]s1 we are (f5d$ ) novelty3 b 9 ! case ( ! villa1 ! build] desires only a correspond5ce ) 8 humor2 ! behold]1 evid5ce ( su* correspond5ce2 = he feels t ! villa is mo/ beautiful :5 x m9i/]s mo/ to pleasure2 t x _c m9i/] to pleasure )\t p]petual *ange1 s z to suit ! v>y+ ideas1 & humors1 & imag9ations ( its inhabitant1 & t x _c possess ?is light & v>iable habit ) any appe>ance ( antiquity4 #aai4 ,&1 = a yet m important reason1 su* appe>ance is n desirable4 ,melan*oly1 :5 x is productive ( pleasure1 is accompani$ ei!r by lovel9ess 9 ! object excit+ x1 or by a feel+ ( pride 9 ! m9d exp]i5c+ x4 ,)\t "o ( ^!1 x becomes absolute pa91 :i* all m5 ?r[ (f z soon z !y c1 & suff] "u z long z _! m9ds are too weak = ! ef=t4 ,n[1 :5 x is accompani$ by lovel9ess 9 ! object excit+ x1 x =ms beauty2 :5 by a feel+ ( pride1 x con/itutes ! pleasure we exp]i5ce 9 trag$y1 :5 we h ! pride ( endurance1 or 9 contemplat+ ! ru91 or ! monum5t1 by :i* we are in=m$ or rem9d$ ( ! pride ( ! pa/4 ,h5ce1 x appe>s t age is beautiful only :5 x is ! decay ( glory or ( p[]1 & memory only delightful :5 x reposes ^u pride4#ai ,all rema9s !re=e ( :at 0 m]ely devot$ to pleasure2 all evid5ce ( lo/ enjoym5t2 all memorials ( ! recreation & re/ ( ! dep>t$2 9 a ^w1 all desolation ( delight is productive ( m]e pa91 = !re is no feel+ ( exultation connect$ ) x4 ,?us1 9 any anci5t habitation1 we pass ) rev]5ce & pleasurable emotion ?r\gh ! ord]$ armory1 :]e ! lances lie1 ) none to wield2 ?r\gh ! l(ty hall1 :]e ! cre/$ scut*eons gl[ ) ! honor ( ! dead3 b we turn sickly away f ! arbor :i* has no h& to t5d x1 & ! b\doir :i* has no life to light5 x1 & ! smoo? sw>d :i* has no light feet to dance on x4 ,s x is 9 ! villa3 ! m memory1 ! m sorr[2 &1 !re=e1 ! less adaptation to its pres5t purpose4 ,b1 ?\gh *e]ful1 x %\ld be e!real 9 its expression3 spiritual is a good ^w1 giv+ ideas ( ! v highe/ ord] ( delight t c be obta9$ 9 ! m]e pres5t4 ,footnote #ai3 ,obs]ve1 we are n speak+ ( emotions felt on rememb]+ :at we ourselves h enjoy$1 = !n ! imag9ation is productive ( pleasure by replac+ u 9 enjoym5t1 b ( ! feel+s excit$ 9 ! indiff]5t spectator1 by ! evid5t decay ( p[] or desolation ( enjoym5t1 ( :i* ! fir/ ennobles1 ! o!r only h>r[s1 ! _s4 #abj4 ,x seems1 !n1 t = all ^! reasons an appe>ance ( age is n desirable1 f> less necess>y1 9 ! villa2 b its exi/+ "* mu/ be 9 unison ) its c\ntry2 & x mu/ appe> to be inhabit$ by "o br\ght up 9 t c\ntry1 & imbu$ ) its national feel+s4 ,9 ,italy1 especially1 ?\gh we c ev5 "h disp5se ) "o compon5t "p ( elevation ( "*1--age1 we mu/ h all ! o!rs3 we mu/ h high feel+1 beauty ( =m1 & dep? ( effect1 or ! ?+ w be a b>b>ism2 ! inhabitant mu/ be an ,italian1 full ( imag9ation & emotion3 a villa inhabit$ by an ,engli%man1 no matt] h[ close its imitation ( o!rs1 w always be prepo/]\s4 ,we f9d1 !re=e1 t :ite is n to be blam$ 9 ! villa = de/roy+ its antiquity2 nei!r is x repreh5sible1 z h>moniz+ ill ) ! surr\nd+ l&scape3 on ! contr>y1 x adds to its brilliancy1 )\t tak+ away f its dep? ( tone4 ,we %all consid] x z an elem5t ( l&scape1 m p>ticul>ly1 :5 we come to speak ( gr\p+4 #aba4 ,!re rema9s only "o accusation to be answ]$2 viz41 t x h9ts at a paltry & unsub/antial mat]ial3 & ?is leads u to ! second "q4 ,is ?is mat]ial all[able8 ,if x 7 di/9ctly felt by ! eye to be /ucco1 !re c\ld be no "q ab\t ! matt]1 x w\ld be decid$ly disagreeable2 b all ! p>ts to :i* ! eye is attract$ are execut$ 9 m>ble1 & ! /ucco m]ely =ms ! dead flat ( ! build+1 n a s+le wrea? ( ornam5t be+ =m$ ( x4 ,its surface is smoo? & bright1 & altoge!r avoids :at a /one build+1 :5 n built ( l>ge masses1 & un*>g$ ) ornam5t1 always =ces ^u ! att5tion1 ! rectangul> l9es ( ! blocks1 :i*1 h[ev] nicely fitt$ !y may be1 are horrible6 mo/ horrible6 ,!re is also a great deal ( ease & s(tness 9 ! angul> l9es ( ! /ucco1 :i* are nev] %>p or h>%1 l ^? ( /one2 & x receives %ad[s ) great beauty1 a po9t ( inf9ite importance 9 ?is climate2 giv+ !m lightness & transp>5cy1 )\t any dim9ution ( dep?4 ,x is also agreeable to ! eye1 to pass f ! %>p c>v+ ( ! m>ble decorations to ! ease & smoo?ness ( ! /ucco2 :ile ! utt] want ( int]e/ 9 ^? p>ts :i* are execut$ 9 x prev5ts ! humility ( ! mat]ial f be+ (f5sive3 = ?is passage ( ! eye f ! m>ble to ! composition is manag$ ) ! dext]ity ( ! arti/1 :o1 t ! att5tion may be drawn to ! s+le po9t ( ! picture :i* is 8 subject1 leaves ! re/ s obscur$ & slightly pa9t$1 t ! m9d loses x altoge!r 9 its att5tion to ! pr9cipal feature4 #abb4 ,) all1 h[ev]1 t c be alleg$ 9 ext5uation ( its faults1 x _c be d5i$ t ! /ucco does take away s mu* ( ! dignity ( ! build+1 t1 unless we f9d en\gh be/[$ by its =m & details to c\nt]balance1 & a great deal m ?an c\nt]balance1 ! det]ioration occasion$ by tone & mat]ial1 ! :ole edifice mu/ be condemn$1 z incongru\s ) ! _s ( ! climate1 & ev5 ) ! "* ( its own g>d5s & approa*4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 to notice ! details !mselves4 ,its =m is simple to a degree2 ! ro( g5]ally q flat1 s z to leave ! mass 9 ! =m ( a p>allelopip$1 9 g5]al )\t w+s or adjuncts ( any sort4 ,villa ,somma-,riva ,c>lotta is a good example ( ?is g5]al =m & proportion1 ?\gh x has an ar*$ passage on ea* side1 :i* takes away f its mass9ess4 ,?is excessive weight ( effect w\ld be injuri\s1 if ! build+ 7 set by itself2 b1 z x always =ms ! apex ( a s]ies ( complicat$ t]races1 x bo? relieves !m & ga9s great dignity by its own unbrok5 simplicity ( size4 ,?is g5]al effect ( =m is n injur$1 :51 z is (t5 ! case1 an op5 passage is left 9 ! c5t] ( ! build+1 "u tall & well-proportion$ ar*es1 support$ by pila/]s 7nev] by columns74 ,villa ,porro1 ,lago di ,como1 is a good example ( ?is me?od4 ,! ar*es h>dly ev] exce$ ?ree 9 numb]1 & ^! are all ( ! same size1 s t ! cr[ns ( ! ar*es cont9ue ! horizontal l9es ( ! re/ ( ! build+4 ,7 ! c5t] "o high] ?an ! o!rs1 ^! l9es w\ld be int]rupt$1 & a great deal ( simplicity lo/4 ,! cov]$ space "u ^! ar*es is a delightful1 %ad$1 & breezy retreat 9 ! heat ( ! day2 & ! entrance doors usually op5 into x1 s t a curr5t ( cool air is obta9able by ?r[+ !m op54 #abc4 ,! build+ itself consi/s ( ?ree floors3 we rememb] no in/ance ( a great] numb]1 & only "o or two ( few]4 ,x is1 9 g5]al1 cr[n$ ) a light balu/rade1 surm\nt$ by /atues at int]vals4 ,! w9d[s ( ! upp]mo/ floor are usually squ>e1 (t5 )\t any ar*itrave4 ,^? ( ! pr9cipal floor are surr\nd$ ) broad ar*itraves1 b are frequ5tly de/itute ( frieze or cornice4 ,!y h usually flat b&s at ! bottom1 & _! ap]ture is a d\ble squ>e4 ,_! recess is v deep1 s z n to let ! sun fall f> into ! int]ior4 ,! int]val betwe5 !m is v v>iable4 ,9 "s ( ! villas ( highe/ pret5sions1 su* z ^? on ! banks ( ! ,br5ta1 t ( ,isola ,bella1 & o!rs1 :i* d n face ! s\?1 x is n mu* m ?an ! bread? ( ! two ar*itraves1 s t ! rooms )9 are fill$ ) light4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! w9d[s h friezes & cornices4 ,b1 :5 ! build+ fronts ! s\?1 ! int]val is (t5 v great1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,villa ,porro4 ,! gr\nd-floor w9d[s are frequ5tly set 9 tall ar*es1 support$ on deeply engag$ pila/]s z 9 ! ,villa ,somma-,riva4 ,! door is n l>ge1 & nev] ent]$ by high /eps1 z x g5]ally op5s on a t]race ( consid]able height1 or on a wide l&+-place at ! head ( a flight ( fifty or sixty /eps desc5d+ ?r\gh ! g>d5s4 #abd4 ,n[1 x w be obs]v$1 t1 9 ^! g5]al =ms1 ?\gh !re is no spl5dor1 !re is great dignity4 ,! l9es ?r\gh\t are simple to a degree1 entirely un9t]rupt$ by decorations ( any k9d1 s t ! beauty ( _! proportions is left visible & evid5t4 ,we %all see h]eaft] t ornam5t 9 ,grecian ar*itecture1 :ile1 :5 well manag$1 x always adds to its grace1 inv>iably takes away f its maje/y2 & t ^! two attributes nev] c exi/ toge!r 9 _! highe/ degrees4 ,by ! utt] abs5ce ( decoration1 !re=e1 ! ,italian villa1 possess+1 z x usually does1 great beauty ( proportion1 atta9s a degree ( elevation ( "*1 :i* impresses ! m9d 9 a mann] :i* x f9ds difficult to acc\nt = by any consid]ation ( its simple details or mod]ate size2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 x lays s little claim to ! att5tion1 & is s subdu$ 9 its "*1 t x is enabl$ to occupy a conspicu\s place 9 a l&scape1 )\t any appe>ance ( intrusion4 ,! glance ( ! behold] rises f ! labyr9? ( t]race & arbor b5ea?1 almo/ we>i$ly2 x meets1 z x asc5ds1 ) a gradual increase ( bright m>ble & simple light1 & ) a proportionate dim9ution ( d>k foliage & complicat$ %ad[1 till x re/s f9ally on a piece ( simple brilliancy1 *a/e & unpret5d+1 yet s+ul>ly dignifi$2 & does n f9d its color too h>%1 because its =m is s simple3 = color ( any k9d is only injuri\s :5 ! eye is too mu* attract$ to x2 &1 :5 !re is s mu* quietness ( detail z to prev5t ?is mis=tune1 ! build+ w possess ! *e]fulness1 )\t los+ ! tranquillity1 & w seem to h be5 erect$1 & to be inhabit$1 by a m9d ( t beautiful temp]am5t :]e9 mode/y temp]s maje/y1 & g5tl5ess m+les ) rejoic+1 :i*1 above all o!rs1 is mo/ suit$ to ! ess5ce1 & mo/ int]wov5 ) ! _s1 ( ! natural beauty ^: peculi> p[] is inv>iably repose4 #abe4 ,s mu* = its g5]al "*4 ,consid]$ by pr9ciples ( composition1 x w also be f\nd beautiful4 ,its prevail+ l9es are horizontal2 & e arti/ kn[s t1 :]e peaks ( any k9d are 9 sight1 ! l9es above :i* !y rise ought to be flat4 ,x has n "o acute angle 9 all its details1 & v few int]sections ( v]ticals ) horizontals2 :ile all t d int]sect seem useful z support+ ! mass4 ,! j application ( ! /atues at ! top is m d\btful1 & is consid]$ repreh5sible by sev]al high au?orities1 :o1 nev]!less1 are inconsi/5t en\gh to let ! balu/rade pass uncalumniat$1 ?\gh x is objectionable on exactly ! same gr\nds2 =1 if ! /atues sugge/ ! inquiry ( ,:at are !y do+ !re8 ! balu/rade compels its behold] to ask1 :om x keeps f tumbl+ ov]8 #abf4 ,! tru? is1 t ! balu/rade & /atues d]ive _! orig9 f a p]iod :5 !re 0 easy access to ! ro( ( ei!r temple or villa2 7t !re 0 su* access is prov$ by a passage 9 ! ,iphig5ia ,taurica1 l9e #aac1 :]e ,ore/es speaks ( gett+ up to ! triglyphs ( a ,doric temple z an easy matt]27 & :5 ! flat ro(s 7 us$1 n1 p]haps1 z an ev5+ prom5ade1 z 9 ,pale/9e1 b z a place ( obs]vation1 & occasionally ( def5se4 ,!y 7 compos$ ( l>ge flat slabs ( /one 7,greek3 k]amos1#bj7 peculi>ly adapt$ = walk+1 "o or two ( :i*1 :5 tak5 up1 left an op5+ ( easy access into ! h\se1 z 9 ,luke v4 #ai1 & 7 p]petually us$ 9 ,greece z missile weapons1 9 ! ev5t ( a ho/ile attack or s$ition 9 ! city1 by p>ties ( old m51 wom51 & *ildr51 :o us$1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 to retire to ! ro( z a place ( conv5i5t def5se4 ,by su* attacks f ! ro( ) ! ,greek3 k]amos ! ,!bans 7 ?r[n into confusion 9 ,plata 7,?ucydides ii4 #d474 ,s1 also1 we f9d ! ro( imm$iately resort$ to 9 ! case ( ! />v+ ( ,pausanias 9 ! ,temple ( ,m9]va ( ! ,braz5 ,h\se1 & 9 t ( ! massacre ( ! ari/ocratic p>ty at ,corcyra 7,?ucydides iv4 #dh73--;,greek3 ,anabantes de epi to tegos t\ oikmatos1 kai dielontes tn orophn1 eballon t k]am4 ,footnote #bj3 ,9 ! l>ge build+s1 t is3 ,greek3 k]amos also signifies e>!n til+1 & sometimes e>!nw>e 9 g5]al1 z 9 ,h]odotus iii4 #f :]e x is us$ ( e>!n j>s ( w9e4 ,x appe>s t su* til+ 0 frequ5tly us$ 9 small] edifices4 ,! ,greeks may h d]iv$ _! flat ro(s f ,egypt4 ,h]odotus m5tions ( ! ,labyr9? ( ! ,twelve ,k+s1 t ,greek3 horoph de pantn t\tn li?91 b n z if ! circum/ance 7 9 ! lea/ extraord9>y ,h]odotus ii4 #adh4 #abg4 ,n[1 :]e ! ro( 0 ?us a place ( frequ5t resort1 !re c\ld be no m useful decoration ?an a balu/rade2 nor "o m appropriate or beautiful ?an occasional /atues 9 attitudes ( wat*fulness1 expectation1 or obs]vation3 & ev5 n[1 :]ev] ! ro( is flat1 we h an idea ( conv5i5ce & facility ( access1 :i* /ill r5d]s ! balu/rade agreeable1 & ! /atue beautiful1 if well design$4 ,x mu/ n be a figure ( p]fect peace or repose2 f> less %\ld x be 9 viol5t action3 b x %\ld be fix$ 9 t quick1 />tl$ /illness1 :i* is ! result ( int5t obs]vation or expectation1 & :i* seems ready to />t into motion e in/ant4 ,its height %\ld be slightly colossal1 z x is always to be se5 aga9/ ! sky2 & its drap]ies %\ld n be too heavy1 z ! eye w always expect !m to be caught by ! w9d4 ,we %all ent] into ?is subject1 h[ev]1 m fully h]eaft]4 ,we only wi% at pres5t to v9dicate f ! *>ge ( impropriety "o ( ! *ief features ( ! ,italian villa4 ,its :ite figures1 always m>ble1 rema9 entirely unsulli$ by ! wea!r1 & /& out ) great maje/y aga9/ ! blue air beh9d !m1 tak+ away f ! heav9ess1 )\t de/roy+ ! simplicity1 ( ! g5]al =m4 #abh4 ,x seems !n t1 by its =m & details1 ! villa ( ! ,lago di ,como atta9s s high a degree ( elevation ( "*1 z n only br+s x into h>mony ( its locus1 )\t any assi/ance f appe>ance ( antiquity1 b may1 we ?9k1 p]mit x to disp5se ev5 ) solidity ( mat]ial1 & appe> 9 light summ] /ucco1 in/ead ( rais+ itself 9 imp]i%able m>ble4 ,& ?is conclusion1 :i* is m]ely !oretical1 is v]ifi$ by fact3 = we rememb] no in/ance1 except 9 cases :]e pov]ty _h ov]p[]$ pret5sion1 or decay _h turn$ rejoic+ into sil5ce1 9 :i* ! lightness ( ! mat]ial 0 (f5sive to ! feel+s2 9 all cases1 x is agreeable to ! eye4 ,:]e x is all[$ to get worn1 & discolor$1 & brok51 x induces a wret*$ mock]y ( ! dignifi$ =m :i* x pres]ves2 b1 z long z x is r5ew$ at prop] p]iods1 & wat*$ ov] by ! eye ( its inhabitant1 x is an excell5t & easily manag$ m$ium ( effect4 #abi4 ,) all ! praise1 h[ev]1 :i* we h be/[$ ^u x1 we d n say t ! villa ( ! ,l>ian ,lake is p]fection2 inde$ we _c say s1 until we h comp>$ x ) a few o!r in/ances1 *iefly to be f\nd 9 ,italy1 on ^: soil we delay1 z be+ ! native c\ntry ( ! villa1 prop]ly s-call$1 & z ev] yet be+ almo/ ! only spot ( ,europe :]e any good specim5s ( x are to be f\nd2 = we d n und]/& by ! t]m villa a cubic erection1 ) "o w9d[ on ea* side ( a v]dant door1 & ?ree on ! second & upp]mo/ /ory1 su* z ! ^w sugge/s to ! f]tile imag9ation ( ruraliz+ *eesemong]s2 nei!r d we und]/& ! quiet & unpret5d+ c\ntry h\se ( a respectable g5tleman2 nei!r d we und]/& su* a magnific5t mass ( h]$it>y /one z g5]ally =ms ! autumn retreat ( an ,engli% noble2 b we und]/& ! light b elaborate summ] habitation1 rais$ h[ev] & :]ev] x pleases 8 fancy1 by "s individual ( great weal? & influ5ce1 :o c enri* x ) e attribute ( beauty2 furni% x ) e appurt5ance ( pleasure2 & repose 9 x ) ! dignity ( a m9d tra9$ to ex]tion or au?ority4 ,su* a build+ c\ld n exi/ 9 ,greece1 :]e e di/rict a mile & a qu>t] squ>e 0 qu>rel+ ) all its neighbors4 ,x c\ld exi/1 & did exi/1 9 ,italy1 :]e ! ,roman p[] secur$ tranquillity1 & ! ,roman con/itution di/ribut$ its au?ority among a great numb] ( individuals1 on :om1 :ile x rais$ !m to a position ( great influ5ce1 &1 9 its lat] times1 ( weal?1 x did n be/[ ! p[] ( rais+ palaces or private =tresses4 ,! villa 0 _! peculi> habitation1 _! only res\rce1 & a mo/ agreeable "o2 because ! multitudes ( ! k+dom be+1 = a long p]iod1 conf9$ to a n>r[ t]ritory1 ?\gh rul+ ! _w1 r5d]$ ! population ( ! city s d5se1 z to drive out its high] ranks to ! neighbor+ hamlets ( ,tibur & ,tusculum4 #acj4 ,9 o!r di/ricts ( ,europe ! villa is n f\nd1 because 9 v p]fect mon>*ies1 z 9 ,au/ria1 ! p[] is ?r[n *iefly into ! h&s ( a few1 :o build !mselves palaces1 n villas2 & 9 p]fect republics1 z 9 ,switz]l&1 ! p[] is s split among ! multitude1 t nobody c build himself any?+4 ,9 g5]al1 9 k+doms ( great ext5t1 ! c\ntry h\se becomes ! p]man5t & h]$it>y habitation2 & ! villas are all cr[d$ toge!r1 & =m g+]bread r[s 9 ! environs ( ! capital2 &1 9 ,france & ,g]many1 ! excessively di/urb$ /ate ( affairs 9 ! ,middle ,ages compell$ e b>on or noble to def5d himself1 & retaliate on 8 neighbors z he be/ c\ld1 till ! villa 0 lo/ 9 ! *teau & ! =tress2 & m5 n[ cont9ue to build z _! =efa!rs built 7& long may !y d s71 surr\nd+ ! domicile ( pleasure ) a moat & a glacis1 & gu>d+ its g>ret w9d[s ) turrets & t[]s3 :ile1 9 ,engl&1 ! nobles1 comp>atively few1 & ( great p[]1 inhabit palaces1 n villas2 & ! re/ ( ! population is *iefly cr[d$ into cities1 9 ! activity ( comm]ce1 or disp]s$ ov] e/ates 9 t ( agriculture2 leav+ only "o grade ( g5try1 :o h nei!r ! ta/e to desire1 nor ! p[] to erect1 ! villa1 prop]ly s-call$4 #aca4 ,we mu/ n1 !re=e1 be surpris$ if1 on leav+ ,italy1 :]e ! cr[d ( pov]ty-/rick5 nobility c /ill repose _! pride 9 ! true villa1 we f9d no f>!r examples ( x wor?y ( consid]ation2 ?\gh we hope to h f> great] pleasure 9 contemplat+ its sub/itutes1 ! *teau & ! =tress4 ,we mu/ be excus$1 !re=e1 = devot+ "o pap] m to ! /ate ( villa ar*itecture 9 ,italy2 aft] :i* we %all endeavor to apply ! pr9ciples we %all h d$uc$ to ! correction ( "s abuses 9 ! erection ( ,engli% c\ntry h\ses1 9 cases :]e sc5]y w\ld dem& beauty ( design & weal? p]mit f9i% ( decoration4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,italian ,,villa 7,conclud$74 #acb4 ,we d n ?9k !re is any tru? 9 ! aphorism1 n[ s frequ5tly advanc$ 9 ,engl&1 t ! adaptation ( %elt] to ! corporal com=t ( ! human race is ! orig9al & true end ( ! art ( ar*itecture1 prop]ly s-call$3 =1 7 su* ! case1 he w\ld be ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ar*itect :o 0 be/ acqua9t$ ) ! prop]ties ( cem5t1 ) ! nature ( /one1 & ! v>i\s durability ( wood4 ,t su* k is necess>y to ! p]fect ar*itect we d n d5y2 b x is no m ! end & purpose ( 8 application1 ?an a k ( ! alphabet is ! object ( ! ref9$ s*ol>1 or ( rhy?m ( ! inspir$ poet4 #acc4 ,=1 suppos+ t we 7 = a mom5t to consid] t we built a h\se m]ely to be liv$ 91 & t ! :ole b5t ( our inv5tion1 9 rais+ ! edifice1 is to be direct$ to ! provision ( com=t = ! life to be sp5t !re92 suppos+ t we build x ) ! mo/ p]fect dryness & coolness ( cell>1 ! mo/ luxuri\s appurt5ances ( pantry2 t we build our walls ) ! mo/ compact$ /r5g? ( mat]ial1 ! mo/ /udi$ economy ( space2 t we leave n a *9k 9 ! floor = a brea? ( w9d to pass ?r\gh1 n a h+e 9 ! door1 :i*1 by any possible ex]tion ( its irritable muscles1 c\ld creak2 t we elevate our *amb]s into exquisite coolness1 furni% !m ) e att5tion to ! ma9t5ance ( g5]al heal?1 z well z ! prev5tion ( pres5t inconv5i5ce3 to d all ?is1 we mu/ be possess$ ( great k & v>i\s skill2 let ?is k & skill be appli$ ) ! greate/ en]gy1 & :at h !y done8 ,exactly z mu* z brute animals c d by m]e in/9ct2 no?+ m ?an bees & beav]s1 moles & magpies1 ants & e>wigs1 d e day ( _! lives1 )\t ! slighte/ ef=t ( reason2 we h made ourselves sup]ior z ar*itects to ! mo/ degrad$ animation ( ! univ]se1 only insomu* z we h lavi%$ ! highe/ ef=ts ( intellect1 to d :at !y h done ) ! mo/ limit$ s5sations t c con/itute life4 #acd4 ,! m]e prep>ation ( conv5i5ce1 !re=e1 is n ar*itecture 9 :i* man c take pride1 or ought to take delight2#ba b ! high & ennobl+ art ( ar*itecture is t ( giv+ to build+s1 ^: p>ts are det]m9$ by necessity1 su* =ms & colors z %all delight ! m9d1 by prep>+ x = ! op]ations to :i* x is to be subject$ 9 ! build+3 & ?us1 z x is altoge!r to ! m9d t ! "w ( ! ar*itect is address$1 x is n z a "p ( 8 art1 b z a limitation ( its ext5t1 t he mu/ be acqua9t$ ) ! m9or pr9ciples ( ! economy ( dome/ic erections4 ,= ?is reason1 ?\gh we %all notice e class ( edifice1 x does n come )9 our propos$ plan1 to ent] into any detail$ consid]ation ( ! inf]ior build+s ( ea* class1 :i* af=d no scope = ! play ( ! imag9ation by _! nature or size2 b we %all g5]ally select ! mo/ p]fect & beautiful examples1 z ^? 9 :i* alone ! ar*itect has ! p[] ( fulfill+ ! high purposes ( 8 art4 ,9 ! villa1 h[ev]1 "s exception mu/ be made1 inasmu* z x w be useful1 & p]haps int]e/+1 to arrive at "s fix$ conclusions respect+ ! mod]n build+s1 improp]ly call$ villas1 rais$ by mod]ate weal?1 & ( limit$ size1 9 :i* ! ar*itect is compell$ to produce 8 effect )\t ext5t or decoration4 ,! pr9ciples :i* we h hi!rto arriv$ at1 d$uc$ z !y are f edifices ( ! noble/ "*1 w be b ( little use to a c\ntry g5tleman1 ab\t to ins9uate himself & 8 habitation into a quiet corn] ( our lovely c\ntry2 &1 !re=e1 we mu/ glance at ! m humble homes ( ! ,italian1 prep>atory to ! consid]ation ( :at w be/ suit our own less elevat$ sc5]y4 ,footnote #ba3 ,comp>e ,! ,sev5 ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture1 *ap4 i4 #a4 #ace4 ,fir/1 !n1 we lose ! t]rac$ approa*1 or1 at lea/1 its size & spl5dor1 z ^! require great weal? to erect !m1 & p]petual exp5se to pres]ve !m4 ,= ! *a9 ( t]races we f9d sub/itut$ a simple g>d51 some:at =mally laid out2 b r$eem$ f ! *>ge ( meanness by ! nobility & size atta9$ by mo/ ( its trees2 ! l9e ( imm5se cypresses :i* g5]ally surr\nds x 9 "p1 & ! luxuriance ( ! vegetation ( its fl[]+ %rubs4 ,x has frequ5tly a l>ge entrance gate1 well design$1 b c>elessly execut$2 sometimes s+ul>ly adorn$ ) fragm5ts ( anci5t sculpture1 regul>ly introduc$1 :i* ! spectator p>tly lam5ts1 z pres]v$ 9 a mode s incongru\s ) _! anci5t mean+1 & p>tly rejoices ov]1 z pres]v$ at all4 ,! grottoes ( ! sup]ior g>d5 are "h replac$ by light ranges ( ar*$ summ]h\ses1 design$ 9 /ucco1 & occasionally adorn$ 9 _! int]ior ) fresco pa9t+s ( consid]able brightness & beauty4 #acf4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 has v little effect 9 introduc+ ! eye to ! villa itself1 ow+ to ! g5]al want ( inequality ( level 9 ! gr\nd1 s t ! ma9 build+ becomes an indep5d5t feature1 in/ead ( =m+ ! apex ( a mass ( v>i\s ar*itecture4 ,consequ5tly1 ! weight ( =m :i* 9 ! =m] case x might1 & ev5 ought to1 possess1 w\ld "h be cumbr\s1 ugly1 & improp]2 & accord+ly we f9d x got rid (4 ,?is is done1 fir/ by ! addition ( ! squ>e t[]1 a feature :i* is n all[$ to break 9 ^u ! symmetry ( build+s ( high ar*itectural pret5sions2 b is imm$iately introduc$1 :5ev] less ri*ness ( detail1 or v>iety ( approa*1 dem&s or admits ( irregul>ity ( =m4 ,x is a con/ant & mo/ important feature 9 ,italian l&scape2 sometimes high & app>5tly deta*$1 z :5 x belongs to sacr$ edifices2 sometimes l[ & /rong1 unit$ ) ! mass ( ! =tress1 or v>y+ ! =m ( ! villa4 ,x is always simple 9 its design1 flat-ro($1 its corn]s be+ turn$ by v slightly project+ pila/]s1 :i* are c>ri$ up ! :ole height ( ! t[]1 :atev] x may be1 )\t any reg>d to proportion1 t]m9at+ 9 two ar*es on ea* side1 9 ! villa mo/ frequ5tly fill$ up1 ?\gh _! curve is /ill di/+ui%$ by d>k] t9t & slight relief4 ,two black holes on ea* side1 ne> ! top1 are v (t5 ! only entrances by :i* light or sun c p5etrate4 ,^! are seldom actually l>ge1 always proportionably small1 & de/itute ( ornam5t or relief4 #acg4 ,! =ms ( ! villas to :i* ^! t[]s are atta*$ are /raggl+1 & v>i$ by _m cross+ masses2 b ! great pr9ciple ( simplicity is always kept 9 view2 ev]y?+ is squ>e1 & t]m9at$ by p>allel l9es2 no tall *imneys1 no conical ro(s1 no fanta/ic ornam5ts are ev] admitt$3 ! ar* alone is all[$ to relieve ! /iffness ( ! g5]al effect4 ,?is is introduc$ frequ5tly1 b n 9 ! w9d[s1 :i* are ei!r squ>es or d\ble squ>es1 at great di/ances f ea* o!r1 set deeply into ! walls & only adorn$ ) broad flat bord]s4 ,:]e m light is requir$ !y are set mod]ately close1 & protect$ by an out] l9e ( ar*es1 deep en\gh to keep ! noonday sun f ent]+ ! rooms4 ,^! l9es ( ar*es ca/ s(t %ad[s along ! bright fronts1 & are o!rwise ( great value4 ,_! effect is pretty well se5 9 fig4 #aj2 a piece :i*1 :ile x has no di/+ui%$ beauty is yet pleas+ by its entire simplicity2 & peculi>ly s1 :5 we "k t simplicity to h be5 *os5 7"s say1 built7 = its la/ & lonely habitation1 by a m9d ( s(te/ passion z ( pure/ ?\ght2 & to h %elt]$ its sil5t old age among ! blue & quiet hills1 till x pass$ away l a deep lo/ melody f ! e>?1 leav+ a light ( peace ab\t ! gray tomb at :i* ! /eps ( ^? :o pass by always falt]1 & ar\nd ?is des]t$1 & decay+1 & calm habitation ( ! ?\ghts ( ! dep>t$2 ,petr>*'s1 at ,arqu4 ,a m famili> in/ance ( ! application ( ^! ar*es is ! ,villa ( ,mecnas at ,tivoli1 ?\gh x is improp]ly /yl$ a villa1 be+ pretty well kn[n to h be5 no?+ b /ables4 #ach4 ,! buttress is ! only rema9+ po9t wor?y ( notice4 ,x prevails to a consid]able ext5t among ! villas ( ! s\?1 be+ always broad & tall1 & occasionally s frequ5t z to give ! build+1 view$ lat]ally1 a pyramidal & cumbr\s effect4 ,! mo/ usual =m is t ( a simple slop$ mass1 t]m9at+ 9 ! wall1 )\t ! slighte/ f9i%+1 & ris+ at an angle ( ab\t #hd4 ,sometimes x is p]p5dicul>1 slop$ at ! top into ! wall2 b x nev] has /eps ( increas+ projection z x goes d[n4 ,by obs]v+ ! occurr5ce ( ^! buttresses1 an ar*itect1 :o knew no?+ ( geology1 might accurately det]m9e ! po9ts ( mo/ en]getic volcanic action 9 ,italy2 = _! use is to protect ! build+ f ! injuries ( e>?quakes1 ! ,italian hav+ f> too mu* good ta/e to use !m1 except 9 cases ( extreme necessity4 ,?us1 !y are nev] f\nd 9 ,nor? ,italy1 ev5 9 ! =tresses4 ,!y beg9 to occur among ! ,ap5n9es1 s\? ( ,flor5ce2 !y become m & m frequ5t & massy t[>ds ,rome2 9 ! neighborhood ( ,naples !y are huge & multitud9\s1 ev5 ! walls !mselves be+ sometimes slop$2 & ! same /ate ( ?+s cont9ues z we g s\?1 on ! coa/ ( ,calabria & ,sicily4 #aci4 ,n[1 ^! buttresses pres5t "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y & /rik+ in/ances ( ! beauty ( adaptation ( /yle to locality & peculi>ity ( circum/ance1 t c be met ) 9 ! :ole range ( ar*itectural inve/igation4 ,tak5 9 ! ab/ract1 !y are utt]ly dete/able1 =mal1 clumsy1 & app>5tly unnecess>y4 ,_! build] ?9ks s himself3 he hates !m z ?+s to be look$ at1 ?\gh he erects !m z ?+s to be dep5d$ ^u4 ,he has no idea t !re is any propriety 9 _! pres5ce1 ?\gh he kn[s p]fectly well t !re is a great deal ( necessity2 &1 !re=e he builds !m4 ,:]e8 ,on rocks ^: sides are "o mass ( buttresses1 ( precisely ! same =m2 on rocks :i* are cut & clov5 by basalt & lava dikes ( e size1 & :i*1 be+ !mselves second>y1 we> away gradually by exposure to ! atmosph]e1 leav+ ! int]sect+ dikes /&+ out 9 solid & v]tical walls1 f ! faces ( _! precipices4 ,! eye passes ov] heaps ( scori & slop+ banks ( a%es1 ov] ! huge ru9s ( m anci5t masses1 till x trembles = ! fate ( ! crags /ill /&+ r\nd2 b x f9ds !m ribb$ ) basalt l bones1 buttress$ ) a ?\s& lava walls1 propp$ ^u p$e/als & pyramids ( iron1 :i* ! pant & ! pulse ( ! e>?quake itself c sc>cely move1 = !y are its own "w2 x climbs up to _! summits1 & !re x f9ds ! "w ( man2 b x is no puny domicile1 no egg%ell imag9ation1 x is 9 a cont9uation ( ! m\nta9 itself1 incl9$ at ! same slope1 ribb$ 9 ! same mann]1 protect$ by ! same means aga9/ ! same dang]2 n1 inde$1 fill+ ! eye ) delight1 b1 :i* is ( m importance1 free+ x f fe>1 & beautifully correspond+ ) ! preval5t l9es ar\nd x1 :i* a less massive =m w\ld h r5d]$1 9 "s cases1 p>ticul>ly ab\t ,etna1 ev5 gha/ly4 ,ev5 9 ! long & luxuriant views f ,capo di ,monte1 & ! heights to ! ea/ ( ,naples1 ! spectator looks ov] a s]ies ( volcanic em95ces1 g5]ally1 inde$1 cov]$ ) ri* v]dure1 b />t+ out "h & !re 9 gray & worn walls1 fix$ at a regul> slope1 & break+ away into masses m & m rugg$ t[>ds ,vesuvius1 till ! eye gets ?or\ghly habituat$ to _! =tress-l outl9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,petr>*'s ,villa2 ,arqu4--#ahcg4 #adj4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ?is brok5 c\ntry1 &1 on ! summits ( ^! volcanic cones1 rise innum]able villas2 b !y d n (f5d u1 z we %\ld h expect$1 by _! atte/ation ( *e]fulness ( life amid/ ! wrecks left by de/ructive op]ation1 nor hurt ! eye by non-assimilation ) ! imm$iate features ( ! l&scape3 b !y seem to rise prep>$ & adapt$ = resi/ance to1 & endurance (1 ! circum/ances ( _! position2 to be inhabit$ by be+s ( en]gy & =ce suffici5t to decree & to c>ry on a /eady /ruggle ) oppos+ elem5ts1 & ( ta/e & feel+ suffici5t to proportion ! =m ( ! walls ( m5 to ! clefts 9 ! flanks ( ! volcano1 & to prev5t ! exultation & ! lightness ( transitory life f />tl+1 l a mock]y1 ! et]nal rema9s ( disguis$ desolation4 #ada4 ,we h always consid]$ ^! circum/ances z mo/ rem>kable pro(s ( ! p]fect dep5d5ce ( ar*itecture on its situation1 & ( ! utt] impossibility ( judg+ ( ! beauty ( any build+ 9 ! ab/ract3 & we w\ld also lay mu* /ress ^u !m1 z %[+ ) :at boldness ! design] may introduce into 8 build+1 undisguis$1 su* p>ts z local circum/ances r5d] desirable2 = !re w inv>iably be some?+ 9 ! nature ( t :i* causes _! necessity1 :i* w end[ !m ) beauty4 #adb4 ,^!1 !n1 are ! pr9cipal features ( ! ,italian villa1 modifications ( :i*1 ( c\rse m or less dignifi$ 9 size1 mat]ial or decoration1 9 proportion to ! p[] & possessions ( _! proprietor1 may be consid]$ z compos+ e build+ ( t class 9 ,italy4 ,a few rem>ks on _! g5]al effect w enable u to conclude ! subject4 #adc4 ,we h be5 s long accu/om$ to see ! horizontal l9es & simple =ms :i*1 z we h obs]v$1 /ill prevail among ! ,ausonian villas1 us$ ) ! greate/ dext]ity1 & ! noble/ effect1 9 ! compositions ( ,claude1 ,salvator1 & ,p\ss9--& s habituat$ to consid] ^! compositions z p]fect models ( ! beautiful1 z well z ! pure 9 ta/e--t x is difficult to dive/ ourselves ( prejudice1 9 ! contemplation ( ! s\rces f :i* ^? ma/]s receiv$ _! education1 _! feel+s1 & _! subjects4 ,we w\ld hope1 h[ev]1 & we ?9k x may be prov$1 t 9 ?is case pr9ciple assi/s & enc\rages prejudice4 ,fir/1 ref]r+ only to ! gratification af=d$ to ! eye1 :i* we "k to dep5d ^u fix$ ma!matical pr9ciples1 ?\gh ^? pr9ciples are n always develop$1 x is to be obs]v$1 t c\ntry is always mo/ beautiful :5 x is made up ( curves1 & t "o ( ! *ief *>act]s ( ,ausonian l&scape is ! p]fection ( its curvatures1 induc$ by ! gradual undulation ( promontories into ! pla9s4 ,9 suit+ ar*itecture to su* a c\ntry1 t build+ :i* lea/ int]rupts ! curve on :i* x is plac$ w be felt to be mo/ delightful to ! eye4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,brok5 ,curves4 #add4 ,let u take !n ! simple =m a b c d1 int]rupt+ ! curve c e fig4 #aa1 ,a4 ,n[1 ! eye w always cont9ue ! pr9cipal l9es ( su* an object = itself1 until !y cut ! ma9 curve2 t is1 x w c>ry on a b to e1 & ! total effect ( ! int]ruption w be t ( ! =m c d e4 ,_h ! l9e b d be5 ne>] to a c1 ! effect w\ld h be5 j ! same4 ,n[1 e curve may be consid]$ z compos$ ( an inf9ite numb] ( l9es at "r angles to ea* o!r1 z m n is made up ( o p1 p q1 etc41 7fig4 ,b71 ^: ratio to ea* o!r v>ies ) ! direction ( ! curve4 ,!n1 if ! "r l9es :i* =m ! curve at c 7fig4 ,a7 be increas$1 we h ! figure c d e1 t is1 ! app>5t int]ruption ( ! curve is an increas$ "p ( ! curve itself4 ,to ! ma!matical read] we c expla9 our mean+ m cle>ly1 by po9t+ out t1 tak+ c = our orig91 we h a c1 a e1 = ! co-ord9ates ( e1 & t1 !re=e1 _! ratio is ! equation to ! curve4 ,:5ce x appe>s1 t1 :5 any curve is brok5 9 ^u by a build+ compos$ ( simple v]tical & horizontal l9es1 ! eye is furni%$1 by ! int]ruption1 ) ! equation to t "p ( ! curve :i* is int]rupt$4 ,if1 in/ead ( squ>e =ms1 we take obliquity1 z r s t 7fig4 ,c71 we h "o l9e1 s t1 an absolute break1 & ! o!r r s1 9 false proportion4 ,if we take ano!r curve1 we h an inf9ite numb] ( l9es1 only two ( :i* are :]e !y ought to be4 ,& ?is is ! true reason = ! con/ant introduction ( features :i* appe> to be some:at =mal1 into ! mo/ p]fect imag9ations ( ! old ma/]s1 & ! true cause ( ! extreme beauty ( ! gr\ps =m$ by ,italian villages 9 g5]al4 #ade4 ,?us mu* = ! m]e effect on ! eye4 ,( correspond5ce ) national "*1 we h %[n t we mu/ n be disappo9t$1 if we f9d little 9 ! villa4 ,! unfrequ5cy ( w9d[s 9 ! body ( ! build+ is p>tly attribut$ to ! climate2 b ! total exclusion ( light f "s p>ts1 z ! base ( ! c5tral t[]1 c>ries our ?\ghts back to ! anci5t sy/em ( ,italian life1 :5 e man's home _h its d>k1 secret places1 ! abodes ( 8 wor/ passions2 ^: %ad[s 7 alone intru/$ ) ! motion ( 8 ?\ghts2 ^: walls became ! :it$ sepul*]s ( crime2 ^: e*oes 7 nev] /irr$ except by su* words z !y d>$ n repeat2#bb f :i* ! rod ( p[]1 or ! dagg] ( passion1 came =? invisible2 be=e ^: /illness pr9ces grew pale1 z _! fates 7 prophesi$ or fulfill$ by ! horoscope or ! hemlock2 & nations1 z ! :isp] ( an>*y or ( h]esy 0 av5g$ by ! op5+ ( ! l[ doors1 ?r\gh :i* ^? :o ent]$ return$ n4 ,footnote #bb3 ,%elley has caught ! feel+ f9ely3--,! h\se is p5etrat$ to its corn]s by ! peep+ insol5ce ( ! day4 ,:5 ! "t comes ! crickets %all n see me4--,c5ci ,act ,,ii4 sc5e ,i1 quot$ f memory4 #adf4 ,! m9d ( ! ,italian1 sweet & smil+ 9 its op]ations1 deep & sil5t 9 its emotions1 0 ?us1 9 "s degree1 typifi$ by ^? abodes into :i* he 0 wont to retire f ! tumult & wra? ( life1 to *]i% or to gratify ! passions :i* its /ruggles _h excit$2 abodes :i* n[ gleam brightly & purely among ! azure m\nta9s1 & by ! sapphire sea1 b ^: /ones are dropp$ ) blood2 ^: vaults are black ) ! memory ( guilt & grief unpuni%$ & unav5g$1 & by ^: walls ! travel] ha/5s fe>fully1 :5 ! sun has set1 le/ he %\ld he>1 awak5+ aga9 ?r\gh ! horror ( _! *amb]s1 ! fa9t wail ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ugol9o1#bc ! om9\s al>m ( ,bonatti1 or ! long l[ cry ( h] :o p]i%$ at ,coll' ,alto4 ,,ox=d1 ,july1 #ahch4 ,footnote #bc3 ,ugol9o2 ,dante1 ,inf]no xxxiii4 ,guido ,bonatti1 ! a/rolog] ( ,=li1 ,inf]no xx41 #aah4 ,! lady :o p]i%$ at ,coll' ,alto1 i4e4 ! high] "p ( ,colle de ,val d',elsa1 betwe5 ,si5a & ,volt]ra--0 ,sapia2 ,purgatorio1 xiii4 #ajj-aed4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,l[l& ,,villa--,,engl&4 #adg4 ,al?\gh1 z we h frequ5tly obs]v$1 our *ief object 9 ^! pap]s is1 to discov] ! connection exi/+ betwe5 national ar*itecture & "*1 & !re=e is "o lead+ u r to ! inve/igation ( :at is1 ?an ( :at ought to be1 we yet consid] t ! subject w\ld be imp]fectly treat$1 if we did n1 at ! conclusion ( ! consid]ation ( ea* p>ticul> rank ( build+1 endeavor to apply su* pr9ciples z may h be5 demon/rat$ to ! ar*itecture ( our c\ntry1 & to discov] ! beau idal ( ,engli% "*1 :i* %\ld be pres]v$ ?r\gh all ! decorations :i* ! build] may desire1 & ?r\gh e v>iety :i* fancy may sugge/4 ,!re nev] 01 & nev] c be1 a univ]sal beau idal 9 ar*itecture1 & ! arrival at all local models ( beauty w\ld be ! task ( ages2 b we c always1 9 "s degree1 det]m9e ^? ( our own lovely c\ntry4 ,we _c1 h[ev]1 9 ! pres5t case1 pass f ! contemplation ( ! villa ( a totally diff]5t climate1 to ! inve/igation ( :at is beautiful "h1 )\t ! slighte/ ref]5ce to /yles n[ or =m]ly adopt$ = our own villas1 if su* !y are to be call$2 & !re=e x w be necess>y to devote a %ort "t to ! obs]vance ( ! peculi>ities ( su* /yles1 if we possess !m2 or1 if n1 ( ! causes ( _! abs5ce4 #adh4 ,we h !re=e head$ ?is pap] ,! ,villa1 ,engl&2 awak5+1 )\t d\bt1 a diff]5t idea 9 ! m9d ( e "o :o reads ! words4 ,"s1 accu/om$ to ! appe>ance ( metropolitan villas1 w ?9k ( brick build+s1 ) inf9ite appurt5ances ( black nick$ *imney-pots1 & pla/]$ fronts1 agreeably v>i$ ) graceful cracks1 & undulatory %ades ( p9k1 br[n1 & gre51 communicat$ to ! cem5t by smoky %[]s4 ,o!rs w imag9e l>ge1 squ>e1 _m-w9d[$ masses ( :ite1 set ) c>eful *oice ( situation exactly :]e !y w spoil ! l&scape to su* a conspicu\s degree1 z to compel ! g5tlem5 travel+ on ! outside ( ! mail to inquire ( ! gu>d1 ) great eag]ness1 ^: place t is2 & to enable ! gu>d to reply ) great di/9ctness1 t x belongs to ,squire ----1 to ! inf9ite gratification ( ,squire ----1 & ! /ill m inf9ite edification ( ! g5tlem5 on ! outside ( ! mail4 ,o!rs w rememb] masses ( v r$ brick1 quo9$ ) /one2 ) column> porticoes1 ab\t "o-?ird ( ! height ( ! build+1 & two ni*es1 ) rem>kable look+ heads & bag-wigs 9 !m1 on ea* side2 & two teapots1 ) a pocket-h&k]*ief hang+ ov] ea* 7describ$ to ! a/oni%$ spectator z ,grecian urns7 locat$ ^u ! ro(1 j "u ! *imneys4 ,o!rs w g back to ! range ( ,elizabe?an gables2 b none w h any idea ( a fix$ "*1 /amp$ on a class ( national edifices4 ,?is is v melan*oly1 & v disc\rag+2 ! m s1 z x is n )\t cause4 #adi4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,brita9 unites 9 itself s _m geological =mations1 ea* giv+ a peculi> "* to ! c\ntry :i* x composes1 t !re is h>dly a di/rict five miles broad1 :i* pres]ves ! same features ( l&scape ?r\gh its :ole wid?4#bd ,if1 = example1 six =eign]s 7 to l& sev]ally at ,glasg[1 at ,ab]y/)1 at ,falm\?1 at ,brighton1 at ,y>m\?1 & at ,newca/le1 & to conf9e _! inve/igations to ! c\ntry )9 tw5ty miles ( !m1 :at diff]5t impressions w\ld !y receive ( ,briti% l&scape6 ,if1 !re=e1 !re be z _m =ms ( edifice z !re are peculi>ities ( situation1 we c h no national /yle2 & if we ab&on ! idea ( a correspond5ce ) situation1 we lose ! only crit]ion capable ( =m+ a national /yle4#be ,footnote #bd3 ,l5g? is ano!r ?+3 we might divide ,engl& into /rips ( c\ntry1 runn+ s\?we/ & nor!a/1 :i* w\ld be compos$ ( ! same rock1 & !re=e w\ld pres5t ! same "* ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( _! l5g?4 ,almo/ all our great roads cut ^! transv]sely1 & !re=e seldom rema9 = t5 miles toge!r on ! same b$s4 ,footnote #be3 ,x is ?us t we f9d ! mo/ p]fect s*ools ( ar*itecture h aris5 9 di/ricts ^: "* is un*ang+4 ,look+ to ,egypt fir/1 we f9d a climate induc+ a p]petual /ate ( heavy fev]i% excitem5t1 fo/]$ by great magnific5ce ( natural ph5om5a1 & increas$ by ! g5]al cu/om ( expos+ ! head cont9ually to ! sun 7,h]odotus1 bk4 ,,iii4 *ap4 #ab72 s t1 z 9 a dream+ fev] we imag9e di/ort$ creatures & c\nt5ances mov+ & liv+ 9 ! quiet objects ( ! *amb]1 ! ,egyptian end[$ all exi/5ce ) di/ort$ animation2 turn$ dogs into deities1 & leeks into lightn+-d>t]s2 !n gradually inve/$ ! blank granite ) sculptur$ my/]y1 design$ 9 sup]/ition1 & ador$ 9 disease2 & !n su* masses ( ar*itecture arose z1 9 delirium1 we feel cru%+ d[n ^u u ) et]nal weight1 & see ext5d+ f> into ! blackness above2 huge & %apeless columns ( colossal life2 imm5se & immeasurable av5ues ( m\nta9 /one4 ,?is 0 a p]fect--t is1 a m>k$1 endur+1 & decid$ s*ool ( ar*itecture1 induc$ by an un*ang+ & peculi> "* ( climate4 ,!n 9 ! pur] air1 & among ! m ref9$ en]gies ( ,greece1 ar*itecture rose into a m /udi$ beauty1 equally p]fect 9 its s*ool1 because fo/]$ 9 a di/rict n #ej miles squ>e1 & 9 its dep5d5t isles & colonies1 all ( :i* 7 "u ! same air1 & p>took ( ! same features ( l&scape4 ,9 ,rome1 x became less p]fect1 because m imitative ?an indig5\s1 & corrupt$ by ! travel+1 & conqu]+1 & /eal+ ambition ( ! ,roman2 yet /ill a s*ool ( ar*itecture1 because ! :ole ( ,italy pres5t$ ! same peculi>ities ( sc5e4 ,s ) ! ,spani% & ,moresco s*ools1 & _m o!rs2 pass+ ov] ! ,go?ic1 :i*1 ?\gh we hope h]eaft] to %[ x to be no exception to ! rule1 involves too _m complicat$ que/ions to be n[ br\ght =w>d z a pro( ( x4 ,! comp>ison ( ,egyptian ar*itecture ) deliri\s visions seems to be an allusion to ,de ,qu9cey's passage 9 ,! ,pa9s ( ,opium--! la/ pap] 9 ! ,confessions ( an ,opium-,eat]--:]e1 aft] describ+ ,piranesi's ,dreams1 he tells h[ he fanci$ he 0 buri$ = a ?\s& ye>s1 9 /one c(f9s1 ) mummies & sph9xes1 9 n>r[ *amb]s at ! he>t ( et]nal pyramids1 etc4 #aej4 ,ano!r cause to be notic$ is ! peculi> indep5d5ce ( ! ,engli%man's disposition2 a feel+ :i* prompts him to suit 8 own humor1 r ?an fall 9 ) ! prevail+ ca/ ( social s5tim5t1 or ( natural beauty & expression2 & :i*1 !re=e1--!re be+ mu* ob/9ate orig9ality 9 8 m9d1--produces /range v>ieties ( dwell+1 frequ5tly r5d]$ /ill m prepo/]\s by 8 love ( display2 a love univ]sally felt 9 ,engl&1 & (t5 absurdly indulg$4 ,weal? is wor%ip$ 9 ,france z ! means ( pur*as+ pleasure2 9 ,italy1 z an in/rum5t ( p[]2 9 ,engl&1 z ! means ( %[+ (f4 ,x w\ld be a v great sacrifice inde$1 9 an ,engli%man ( ! av]age /amp1 to put 8 villa out ( ! way1 :]e nobody w\ld ev] see x1 or ?9k ( him2 x is 8 ambition to he> e "o exclaim+1 ,:at a pretty place6 ^: c x be8 ,& he c>es v little ab\t ! peace :i* he has di/urb$1 or ! repose :i* he has int]rupt$2 ?\gh1 ev5 :ile he ?us pu%es himself into ! way1 he keeps an air ( sulky retirem5t1 ( h$gehog indep5d5ce1 ab\t 8 h\se1 :i* takes away any idea ( sociability or good-humor1 :i* might o!rwise h be5 sugge/$ by 8 *oice ( situation4 #aea4 ,b1 9 spite ( all ^! un=tunate circum/ances1 !re are "s di/9ctive features 9 our ,engli% c\ntry h\ses1 :i* are well wor? a little att5tion4 ,fir/1 9 ! approa*1 we h "o compon5t "p ( effect1 :i* may be call$ peculi>ly our own1 & :i* requires mu* /udy be=e x c be manag$ well1--! av5ue4 ,x is true t we meet ) noble l9es ( timb] trees cre/+ "s ( ! l>g] ba/ions ( ,cont95tal =tifi$ cities2 we see int]m9able regim5ts ( mi/leto$ apple trees flank+ ! c>riage road2 & occasionally we approa* a turret$ *teau#bf by a broad way1 edg$ ) popl> pale4 ,b1 all[+ all ?is1 ! legitimate glory ( ! p]fect av5ue is ours /ill1 z w appe> by a little consid]ation ( ! elem5ts :i* con/itute its beauty4 ,footnote #bf3 ,or a city4 ,any "o :o rememb]s ent]+ ,c>lsruhe f ! nor? by ! two miles ( popl> av5ue1 rememb]s ent]+ ! mo/ s\lless ( all cities1 by ! mo/ lifeless ( all entrances4 #aeb4 ,! orig9al idea 0 giv5 by ! op5+ ( ! tangl$ glades 9 our mo/ anci5t =e/s4 ,x is r a curi\s circum/ance t1 9 ^? woods ^: decay has be5 mo/ in/rum5tal 9 =m+ ! bog di/ricts ( ,irel&1 ! trees h1 9 g5]al1 be5 plant$ 9 symmetrical r[s1 at di/ances ( ab\t tw5ty feet ap>t4 ,if ! arrangem5t ( our lat] woods be n q s =mal1 !y at lea/ pres5t frequ5t op5+s1 c>pet$ ) gre5 sw>d1 & edg$ ) v>i\s foliage1 :i* ! ar*itect 7= s may ! design] ( ! av5ue be entitl$7 %\ld d little m ?an r$uce to symmetry & place 9 position1 pres]v+1 z mu* z possible1 ! mann] & ! proportions ( nature4 ,! av5ue1 !re=e1 mu/ n be too long4 ,x is q a mi/ake to suppose t !re is sublimity 9 a monoton\s l5g? ( l9e1 unless inde$ x be c>ri$ to an ext5t g5]ally impossible1 z 9 ! case ( ! long walk at ,w9dsor4 ,f ?ree to f\r hundr$ y>ds is a l5g? :i* w display ! elevation well1 & w n become tiresome f cont9u$ monotony4 ,! k9d ( tree mu/1 ( c\rse1 be regulat$ by circum/ances2 b ! foliage mu/ be unequally dispos$1 s z to let 9 passages ( light across ! pa?1 & cause ! motion ( any object across x to *ange1 l an undulat+ melody1 f d>kness to light4 ,x %\ld meet at ! top1 s z to cause twilight1 b n obscurity2 & ! idea ( a vault$ ro(1 )\t rigidity4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be gre51 s t ! sunlight may tell ) =ce :]ev] x /rikes4 ,n[1 ?is k9d ( ri* & %ad[y vi/a is f\nd 9 its p]fection only 9 ,engl&3 x is an attribute ( gre5 c\ntry2 x is associat$ ) all our memories ( =e/ fre$om1 ( our wood-rang]s1 & yeom5 ) ! d\blets ( ! ,l9coln gre52 ) our pride ( anci5t ar*]s1 ^: art 0 fo/]$ 9 su* long & breezeless glades2 ) our ?\ghts ( ! m]ry *ases ( our k+ly companies1 :5 ! dewy antl]s sp>kl$ d[n ! int]tw9$ pa?s ( ! w9dless woods1 at ! morn+ e*o ( ! hunt]'s horn2 ) all1 9 fact1 t once contribut$ to give our l& its anci5t "n ( m]ry ,engl&2 a "n :i*1 9 ?is age ( /eam & iron1 x w h "s difficulty 9 keep+4 #aec4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! fir/ feature we w\ld direct att5tion to1 z *>act]i/ic1 9 ! ,engli% villa3 & be x rememb]$1 t we are n speak+ ( ! imm5se l9es ( foliage :i* guide ! eye to "s ( our ,engli% palaces1 = ^? are r ! adjuncts ( ! p>k ?an ! approa* to ! build+2 b ( ! m laconic av5ue1 ) ! two cre/$ columns & ! iron gate at its entrance1 lead+ ! eye1 9 ! space ( a hundr$ y>ds or s1 to ! gables ( its gray mansion4 ,a good in/ance ( ?is approa* may be f\nd at ,pet]%am1 by foll[+ ! "r side ( ! ,?ames = ab\t half a mile f ,ri*mond ,hill2 ?\gh ! h\se1 :i*1 9 ?is case1 is approa*$ by a noble av5ue1 is mu* to be repreh5d$1 z a bad mixture ( imitation ( ! ,italian ) corrupt ,elizabe?an2 ?\gh x is some:at in/ructive1 z %[+ ! ridicul\s effect ( /atues out ( doors 9 a climate l ours4 #aed4 ,& n[ t we h po9t$ out ! k9d ( approa* mo/ peculi>ly ,engli%1 t approa* w guide u to ! only /yle ( villa ar*itecture :i* c be call$ ,engli%1--! ,elizabe?an1 & its v>ieties1--a /yle fanta/ic 9 its details1 & capable ( be+ subject$ to no rule1 b1 z we ?9k1 well adapt$ = ! sc5]y 9 :i* x arose4 ,we allude n only to ! pure ,elizabe?an1 b ev5 to ! /range mixtures ( classical ornam5ts ) ,go?ic =ms1 :i* we f9d prevail+ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! mo/ simple =m1 we h a build+ ext5d+ r\nd ?ree sides ( a c\rt1 &1 9 ! l>g] halls1 r\nd sev]al int]ior c\rts1 t]m9at+ 9 %>ply gabl$ fronts1 ) broad oriels1 divid$ into v n>r[ lights by *annel$ mullions1 )\t decoration ( any k9d2 ! ro( reliev$ by project+ dorm] w9d[s1 ^: lights are g5]ally divid$ into ?ree1 t]m9at+ 9 v flat ar*es )\t cusps1 ! int]m$iate edge ( ! ro( be+ battlem5t$4 ,!n we f9d wrea?s ( ornam5t introduc$ at ! base ( ! oriels2#bg ranges ( %ort columns1 ! base ( "o ^u ! capital ( ano!r1 runn+ up beside !m2 ! bases be+ v tall1 sometimes decorat$ ) knots ( fl[]-"w2 ! columns usually flut$1--wrea!d1 9 ri*] examples1 ) ornam5t4 ,! entrance is frequ5tly =m$ by d\ble ranges ( ^? %ort columns1 ) int]m$iate ar*es1 ) %ell canopies1 & ri* cre/s above4#bh ,?is portico is c>ri$ up to "s height above ! ro(1 :i* is *>g$ ) an inf9ite v>iety ( decorat$ *imneys4 ,footnote #bg3 ,z 9 a beautiful example 9 ,bras5ose ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,footnote #bh3 ,! portico ( ! old ,s*ools & ! inn] c\rts ( ,m]ton & ,/4 ,john's ,colleges1 ,ox=d2 an old h\se at ,*>lton1 ,k5t2 & ,burleigh ,h\se1 w probably occur to ! m9d ( ! ar*itect1 z good examples ( ! v>ieties ( ?is mix$ /yle4 #aee4 ,n[1 all ?is is utt]ly b>b>\s z ar*itecture2 b1 ) ! exception ( ! *imneys1 x is n false 9 ta/e2 = x 0 orig9ally int5d$ = retir$ & quiet habitations 9 our =e/ c\ntry1 n = conspicu\s palaces 9 ! /reets ( ! city2 & we h %[n1 9 speak+ ( gre5 c\ntry1 t ! eye is gratifi$#bi ) fanta/ic details2 t x is prep>$1 by ! m+l$ lights ( ! natural sc5]y1 = ri* & entangl$ ornam5t1 & w\ld n only endure1 b dem&1 irregul>ity ( sy/em 9 ! ar*itecture ( man1 to correspond ) ! inf9ite v>iety ( =m 9 ! wood ar*itecture ( nature4 ,few surprises c be imag9$ m delightful ?an ! break+ out ( "o ( ^! ri* gables1 ) its decorat$ entrance1 among ! d>k trunks & tw9kl+ leaves ( =e/ sc5]y4 ,su* an effect is rudely giv5 9 fig4 #ab4 ,we w\ld direct ! att5tion *iefly to ! foll[+ po9ts 9 ! build+3-- ,footnote #bi3 i4e4 :5 ! spectator is surr\nd$ by woodl& sc5]y4 ,vide ante1 #hh4 #aef4 ,fir/1 x is a humori/1 an odd1 twi/$1 indep5d5t be+1 ) a great deal ( mix$1 ob/9ate1 & occasionally absurd orig9ality4 ,x has "o or two graceful l9es ab\t x1 & sev]al h>% & cutt+ ones2 x is a :ole1 :i* w\ld all[ ( no unison ) any o!r ar*itecture2 x is ga!r$ 9 itself1 & w\ld look v ugly inde$1 if pieces 9 a pur] /yle ( build+ 7 add$4 ,all ?is corresponds ) po9ts ( ,engli% "*1 ) its humors1 its indep5d5cy1 & its horror ( be+ put out ( its own way4 #aeg4 ,aga91 x is a ?or\ghly dome/ic build+1 homely & cottage-l 9 its prevail+ =ms1 awak5+ no elevat$ ideas1 assum+ no nobility ( =m4 ,x has none ( ! pride1 or ! grace ( beauty1 none ( ! dignity ( delight :i* we f\nd 9 ! villa ( ,italy2 b x is a habitation ( ev]yday life1 a protection f mom5t>y inconv5i5ce1 cov]$ ) /iff ef=ts at decoration1 & exactly typical ( ! m9d ( its inhabitant3 n noble 9 its ta/e1 n haughty 9 its recreation1 n pure 9 its p]ception ( beauty2 b dome/ic 9 its pleasures1 fond ( matt]-(-fact r ?an ( imag9ation1 yet sp>kl+ occasionally ) odd wit & grotesque association4 ,! ,italian obta9s 8 beauty1 z 8 recreation1 ) quietness1 ) few & noble l9es1 ) great s]i\sness & dep? ( ?\ght1 ) v r>e int]ruptions to ! simple tra9 ( feel+4 ,b ! ,engli%man's villa is full ( ef=t3 x is a bus9ess ) him to be playful1 an inf9ite labor to be ornam5tal3 he =ces 8 amusem5t ) fits ( contra/$ ?\ght1 ) m+l+ ( m9or t\*es ( humor1 ) a good deal ( sulk9ess1 b ) no melan*oly2 & !re=e1 ow+ to ?is la/ adjunct1#cj ! build+1 9 its orig9al /ate1 _c be call$ beautiful1 & we ought n to consid] ! effect ( its pres5t antiquity1 evid5ce ( :i* is1 z 0 be=e prov$1 g5]ally objectionable 9 a build+ devot$ to pleasure1#ca & is only agreeable "h1 because unit$ ) ! memory ( a dep>t$ pride4 ,footnote #cj3 ,namely ! fact t !re is no melan*oly 9 ! ,engli% play-impulse2 v4 ante1 #bc4 ,footnote #ca3 ,see #aah seq4 #aeh4 ,aga91 x is a lifelike build+1 sp>kl+ 9 its casem5ts1 brisk 9 its air1 lett+ mu* light 9 at ! walls & ro(1 l[ & com=table-look+ 9 its door4 ,! ,italian's dwell+ is mu* wall$ 91 lett+ out no secrets f ! inside1 dre>y & dr[sy 9 its effect4 ,j su* is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! m9ds ( ! inhabitants2 ! "o pass+ away 9 deep & d>k rev]ie1 ! o!r quick & bus9ess-l1 enjoy+ its ev]yday occupations1 & active 9 its ord9>y engagem5ts4 #aei4 ,aga91 x is a regul>ly plann$1 me*anical1 well-discipl9$ build+2 ea* ( its p>ts answ]+ to its opposite1 ea* ( its ornam5ts mat*$ ) simil>ity4 ,! ,italian 7:]e x has no high pret5se to ar*itectural beauty7 is a rambl+ & irregul> edifice1 v>i$ ) uncorrespond+ masses3 & ! m9d ( ! ,italian we f9d simil>ly irregul>1 a ?+ ( v>i\s & ungov]nable impulse1 )\t fix$ pr9ciple ( action2 ! ,engli%man's1 regul> & uni=m 9 its emotions1 /eady 9 its habits1 & firm ev5 9 its mo/ trivial det]m9ations4 #afj4 ,la/ly1 ! size ( ! :ole is dim9utive1 comp>$ ) ! villas ( ! s\?1 9 :i* ! effect 0 always l>ge & g5]al4 ,"h ! eye is drawn into ! inve/igation ( p>ticul> po9ts1 & m9iature details2 j z1 9 comp>+ ! ,engli% & ,cont95tal cottages1 we f\nd ! "o *>act]iz$ by a m9ute f9i%1 & ! o!r by a massive effect1 exactly correspond5t ) ! scale ( ! features & sc5]y ( _! respective localities4 #afa4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 f a consid]ation ( ^! sev]al po9ts1 t1 9 our antiquat$ /yle ( villa ar*itecture1 "s national feel+ may be discov]$2 b 9 any build+s n[ rais$ !re is no "* :atev]3 all is ridicul\s imitation1 & despicable affectation2 & x is mu* to be lam5t$1 t n[1 :5 a great deal ( public att5tion has be5 direct$ to ar*itecture on ! "p ( ! public1 m ef=ts are n made to turn t att5tion f mimick+ ,swiss *lets1 to erect+ ,engli% h\ses4 ,we ne$ n devote m "t to ! inve/igation ( purely dome/ic ,engli% ar*itecture1 ?\gh we hope to d]ive mu* in/ruction & pleasure f ! contemplation ( build+s p>tly adapt$ = def5se1 & p>tly = resid5ce4 ,! introduction ( ! means ( def5se is1 h[ev]1 a di/9ction :i* we d n wi% at pres5t to pass ov]2 & !re=e1 9 our next pap]1 we hope to conclude ! subject ( ! villa1 by a few rem>ks on ! /yle n[ be/ adapt$ = ,engli% sc5]y4 ,v4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,villa4--,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,composition4 #afb4 ,x has lately become a cu/om1 among ! m enlight5$ & ref9$ ( metropolitan %opkeep]s1 to advocate ! cause ( propriety 9 ar*itectural decoration1 by ensconc+ _! %elves1 c\nt]s1 & cl]ks 9 classical edifices1 agreeably ornam5t$ ) +5i\s devices1 typical ( ! class ( articles to :i* ! tradesman p>ticul>ly desires to direct ! public att5tion4 ,we f9d our groc]s en%r9$ 9 temples ^: columns are ( cani/]s1 & ^: p9nacles are ( sug>-loaves4 ,our %oemak]s %ape _! soles "u ,go?ic portals1 ) p5dants ( %oes1 & canopies ( ,well+tons2 & our *eesemong]s w1 we d\bt n1 soon foll[ ! excell5t example1 by rais+ %ops ! v>i$ diamet]s ( ^: jo9t$ columns1 9 _! address to ! eye1 %all awak5 memories ( ,/affa1 ,p/um1 & ,palmyra2 & 9 _! address to ! tongue1 %all ar\se exquisite associations ( rememb]$ flavor1 ,dut*1 ,/ilton1 & ,/ra*9o4 #afc4 ,n[1 ?is fit ( ta/e on ! "p ( our tradesm5 is only a co>se =m ( a disposition inh]5t 9 ! human m9d4 ,^? objects to :i* ! eye has be5 mo/ frequ5tly accu/om$1 & among :i* ! intellect has =m$ its habits ( action1 & ! s\l its modes ( emotion1 become agreeable to ! ?\ghts1 f _! correspond5ce ) _! prevail+ ca/1 especially :5 ! bus9ess ( life has _h any relation to ^? objects2 = x is 9 ! habitual & necess>y occupation t ! mo/ pa9less h\rs ( exi/5ce are pass$3 :atev] be ! nature ( t occupation1 ! memories belong+ to x w always be agreeable1 &1 !re=e1 ! objects awak5+ su* memories w inv>iably be f\nd beautiful1 :atev] _! "* or =m4 #afd4 ,x is ?us t ta/e is ! *ild & ! slave ( memory2 & beauty is te/$1 n by any fix$ /&>d1 b by ! *ances ( association2 s t 9 e dome/ic build+ evid5ce w be f\nd ( ! k9d ( life ?r\gh :i* its own] has pass$1 9 ! op]ation ( ! habits ( m9d :i* t life has induc$4 ,f ! sup]annuat$ coxswa91 :o plants 8 old %ip's figure-head 9 8 six squ>e feet ( front g>d5 at ,b]mondsey1 to ! retir$ noble1 ! pr\d portal ( ^: mansion is surm\nt$ by ! broad %ield & ! cre/$ gryphon1 we are all guid$1 9 our pure/ conceptions1 our mo/ ideal pursuit1 ( ! beautiful1 by remembrances ( active occupation2 & by pr9ciples d]iv$ f indu/ry regulate ! fancies ( our repose4 #afe4 ,x w\ld be excessively int]e/+ to foll[ out ! inve/igation ( ?is subject m fully1 & to %[ h[ ! mo/ ref9$ pleasures1 ! mo/ delicate p]ceptions1 ( ! creature :o has be5 appo9t$ to eat bread by ! sweat ( 8 br[1 are dep5d5t ^u1 & intimately connect$ )1 8 h\rs ( labor4 ,?is "q1 h[ev]1 has no relation to our imm$iate object1 & we only allude to x1 t we may be able to di/+ui% betwe5 ! two compon5t p>ts ( individual "*2 ! "o be+ ! consequ5ce ( cont9u\s habits ( life act+ ^u natural temp]am5t & disposition1 ! o!r be+ ! humor ( "*1 consequ5t ^u circum/ances altoge!r accid5tal1 tak+ /]n effect ^u feel+s previ\sly det]m9$ by ! fir/ "p ( ! "*2 lay+ on1 z x 71 ! f9i%+ t\*es1 & occasion+ ! innum]able prejudices1 fancies1 & ecc5tricities1 :i*1 modifi$ 9 e individual to an inf9ite ext5t1 =m ! visible veil ( ! human he>t4 #aff4 ,n[1 we h def9$ ! prov9ce ( ! ar*itect to be1 t ( select+ su* =ms & colors z %all delight ! m9d1 by prep>+ x = ! op]ations to :i* x is to be subject$ 9 ! build+4 ,n[1 no =ms1 9 dome/ic ar*itecture1 c ?us prep>e x m di/9ctly ?an ^? :i* correspond closely ) ! fir/1 t is1 ! fix$ & fundam5tal1 "p ( "*1 :i* is always s uni=m 9 its action1 z to induce great simplicity 9 :atev] x designs4 ,no?+1 on ! contr>y1 c be m injuri\s ?an ! slighte/ influ5ce ( ! humors ^u ! edifice2 = ! influ5ce ( :at is fitful 9 its en]gy1 & petty 9 its imag9ation1 w\ld de/roy all ! h>mony ( p>ts1 all ! maje/y ( ! :ole2 w\ld sub/itute s+ul>ity = beauty1 amusem5t = delight1 & surprise = v5]ation4 ,we c\ld "n sev]al in/ances ( build+s erect$ by m5 ( ! highe/ tal5t1 & ! mo/ p]fect g5]al ta/e1 :o yet1 n hav+ paid mu* att5tion to ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ar*itecture1 p]mitt$ ! humor ( _! disposition to prevail ov] ! maje/y ( _! intellect1 &1 in/ead ( build+ f a fix$ design1 gratifi$ freak aft] freak1 & fancy aft] fancy1 z !y 7 caught by ! dream or ! desire2 mix$ mimicries ( incongru\s reality ) incorporations ( undiscipl9$ ideal2 awak5$ e v>iety ( cont5d+ feel+ & unconnect$ memory2 consummat$ confusion ( =m by trick]y ( detail2 & h left b>b>ism1 :]e half ! _w w look = lovel9ess4 #afg4 ,?is is a species ( error :i* x is v difficult = p]sons pay+ sup]ficial & tempor>y att5tion to ar*itecture to avoid3 h[ev] j _! ta/e may be 9 criticism1 x w fail 9 creation4 ,x is only 9 mom5ts ( ease & amusem5t t !y w ?9k ( _! villa3 !y make x a m]e play?+1 & reg>d x ) a k9d ( petty exultation1 :i*1 f its v nature1 w give lib]ty to ! light fancy1 r ?an ! deep feel+1 ( ! m9d4 ,x is n ?\ght necess>y to be/[ labor ( ?\ght1 & p]iods ( delib]ation1 on "o ( ! toys ( life2 /ill less to und]go ! vexation ( ?w>t+ wi%es1 & leav+ favorite imag9ations1 relat+ to m9or po9ts1 unfulfill$1 = ! sake ( g5]al effect4 #afh4 ,?is feel+1 !n1 is ! fir/ to :i* we w\ld direct att5tion1 z ! villa ar*itect's *ief enemy3 he w f9d x p]petually & provok+ly 9 8 way4 ,he is reque/$1 p]haps1 by a man ( great weal?1 nay1 ( e/abli%$ ta/e 9 "s po9ts1 to make a design = a villa 9 a lovely situation4 ,! future proprietor c>ries him up/airs to 8 /udy1 to give him :at he calls 8 ideas & mat]ials1 &1 9 all probability1 beg9s some:at ?us3--,?is1 sir1 is a slight note3 ,i made x on ! spot3 approa* to ,villa ,reale1 ne> ,pozzuoli4 ,danc+ nymphs1 y p]ceive2 cypresses1 %ell f\nta94 ,i ?9k ,i %\ld l some?+ l ?is = ! approa*3 classical1 y p]ceive1 sir2 elegant1 graceful4 ,!n1 sir1 ?is is a sket*1 made by an ,am]ican fri5d ( m9e3 ,:ee-:aw-,kantam>aw's wigwam1 ,k+ ( !--,cannibal ,isl&s1 ,i ?9k he said1 sir4 ,log1 y obs]ve2 scalps1 & boa-con/rictor sk9s3 curi\s4 ,some?+ l ?is1 sir1 w\ld look neat1 ,i ?9k1 = ! front door2 don't y8 ,!n1 ! l[] w9d[s1 ,i've n q decid$ ^u2 b :at w\ld y say to ,egyptian1 sir8 ,i ?9k ,i %\ld l my w9d[s ,egyptian1 ) hi]oglyphics1 sir2 /orks & c(f9s1 & appropriate mold+s above3 ,i br\ght "s f ,f\nta9s ,abbey ! o!r day4 ,look "h1 sir2 angels' heads putt+ _! tongues out1 roll$ up 9 cabbage leaves1 ) a dragon on ea* side rid+ on a broom/ick1 & ! devil look+ on f ! m\? ( an alligator1 sir4#cb ,odd1 ,i ?9k2 int]e/+4 ,!n ! corn]s may be turn$ by octagonal t[]s1 l ! c5t] "o 9 ,k5ilwor? ,ca/le2 ) ,go?ic doors1 portcullis1 & all1 q p]fect2 ) cross slits = arr[s1 battlem5ts = musketry1 ma*icolations = boil+ lead1 & a room at ! top = dry+ plums2 & ! cons]vatory at ! bottom1 sir1 ) ,virg9ian creep]s up ! t[]s2 door support$ by sph9xes1 hold+ scrap]s 9 _! =e paws1 & hav+ _! tails prolong$ into w>m-wat] pipes1 to keep ! plants safe 9 w9t]1 etc4 ,! ar*itect is1 )\t d\bt1 a little a/oni%$ by ^! ideas & comb9ations2 yet he sits calmly d[n to draw 8 elevations2 z if he 7 a /one-mason1 or 8 employ] an ar*itect2 & ! fabric rises to electrify its behold]s1 & conf] immortality on its p]petrator4 ,footnote #cb3 ,actually c>v$ on "o ( ! gro9s ( ,rosl9 ,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,old ,engli% ,mansion4 #ahcg4 #afi4 ,?is is no exagg]ation3 we h n only li/5$ to speculations on ! probable degree ( ! future maje/y1 b contemplat$ ! actual illu/ri\s exi/5ce1 ( sev]al su* build+s1 ) suffici5t beauty 9 ! managem5t ( "s ( _! features to %[ t an ar*itect _h sup]9t5d$ !m1 & suffici5t ta/e 9 _! int]ior economy to prove t a ref9$ intellect _h project$ !m2 & _h project$ a ,v&alism1 only because fancy _h be5 foll[$ in/ead ( judgm5t2 ) z mu* non*alance z is ev9c$ by a p]fect poet1 :o is extemporiz+ dogg]el = a baby2 full ( brilliant po9ts1 :i* he _c help1 & jumbl$ into confusion1 = :i* he does n c>e4 #agj4 ,su* are ! fir/ difficulties to be enc\nt]$ 9 villa designs4 ,!y mu/ always cont9ue to occur 9 "s degree1 ?\gh !y might be met ) ease by a det]m9ation on ! "p ( pr(essional m5 to give no assi/ance :atev]1 beyond ! m]e sup]9t5d5ce ( con/ruction1 unless !y be p]mitt$ to take ! :ole ext]ior design into _! own h&s1 m]ely receiv+ broad in/ructions respect+ ! /yle 7& n att5d+ to !m unless !y l74 ,!y %\ld n make out ! smalle/ detail1 unless !y 7 answ]able = ! :ole4 ,9 ?is case1 g5tlem5 ar*itects w\ld be ?r[n s utt]ly on _! own res\rces1 t1 unless ^? res\rces 7 adequate1 !y w\ld be oblig$ to surr5d] ! task into m practic$ h&s2 &1 if !y 7 adequate1 if ! amateur _h paid s mu* att5tion to ! art z to be capable ( giv+ ! design p]fectly1 x is probable he w\ld n erect any?+ /rik+ly abom9able4 #aga4 ,su* a sy/em 7suppos+ t x c\ld be c>ri$ fully into effect1 & t !re 7 no su* animals z s5tim5tal /one-masons to give te*nical assi/ance7 might1 at fir/1 seem r an encroa*m5t on ! lib]ty ( ! subject1 inasmu* z x w\ld prev5t p f indulg+ _! edificatorial fancies1 unless !y knew some?+ ab\t ! matt]1 or1 z ! suff]]s w\ld probably compla91 f do+ :at !y lik$ ) _! own4 ,b ! mi/ake w\ld evid5tly lie 9 _! suppos+1 z p too frequ5tly d1 t ! outside ( _! h\se is _! own1 & t !y h a p]fect "r !re9 to make fools ( !mselves 9 any mann]1 & to any ext5t1 !y may ?9k prop]4 ,?is is q true 9 ! case ( int]iors2 e "o has an indisputable "r to hold himself up z a laugh+-/ock to ! :ole circle ( 8 fri5ds & acqua9tances1 & to consult 8 own private as99e com=t by e piece ( absurdity :i* c 9 any degree contribute to ! same2 b no "o has any "r to exhibit 8 imbecilities at o!r p's exp5se1 or to claim ! public pity by inflict+ public pa94 ,9 ,engl&1 especially1 :]e1 z we saw be=e1 ! rage = attract+ obs]vation is univ]sal1 ! outside ( ! villa is r5d]$1 by ! proprietor's own disposition1 ! prop]ty ( ^? :o daily pass by1 & :om x h\rly affects ) pleasure or pa94 ,= ! pa9 :i* ! eye feels f ! violation ( a law to :i* x has be5 accu/om$1 or ! m9d f ! occurr5ce ( any?+ j>r+ to its f9e/ feel+s1 is z di/9ct z t occasion$ by ! int]ruption ( ! physical economy1 diff]+ only inasmu* z x is n p]man5t2 &1 !re=e1 an individual has z little "r to fulfill 8 own conceptions by disgu/+ ?\s&s1 z1 7 8 body z imp5etrable to /eel or poison1 z 8 bra9 to ! effect ( ! beautiful or true1 he w\ld h to decorate 8 c>riage roads ) caltrops1 or to l9e 8 plantations ) upas trees4 #agb4 ,! violation ( g5]al feel+s w\ld ?us be unju/1 ev5 7 _! consultation productive ( cont9u$ vexation to ! individual3 b x is n4 ,to no "o is ! ar*itecture ( ! ext]ior ( a dwell+-h\se ( s little consequ5ce z to its inhabitant4 ,its mat]ial may affect 8 com=t1 & its condition may t\* 8 pride2 b1 = its ar*itecture1 8 eye gets accu/om$ to x 9 a week1 &1 aft] t1 ,hell5ic1 ,b>b>ic1 or ,yankee1 are all ! same to ! dome/ic feel+s1 are all lo/ 9 ! "o "n ( ,home4 ,ev5 ! conceit ( liv+ 9 a *let1 or a wigwam1 or a pagoda1 _c reta9 its influ5ce = six mon?s ov] ! weak m9ds :i* alone c feel x2 & ! monotony ( exi/5ce becomes to !m exactly :at x w\ld h be5 _h !y nev] inflict$ a pang ^u ! un=tunate spectators1 ^: unaccu/om$ eyes %r9k daily f ! impression to :i* !y h n be5 r5d]$ call\s by cu/om1 or l5i5t by false ta/e4 #agc4 ,if ^! consid]ations are j :5 !y allude only to build+s 9 ! ab/ract1 h[ mu* m :5 ref]r+ to !m z mat]ials ( composition1 mat]ials ( inf9ite p[]1 to adorn or de/roy ! lovel9ess ( ! e>?4 ,! nobl] sc5]y ( t e>? is ! inh]itance ( all h] inhabitants3 x is n m]ely = ! few to :om x tempor>ily belongs1 to fe$ f l sw9e1 or to /able ^u l horses1 b x has be5 appo9t$ to be ! s*ool ( ! m9ds :i* are k+ly among _! fell[s1 to excite ! highe/ en]gies ( humanity1 to furni% /r5g? to ! lordlie/ intellect1 & food = ! holie/ emotions ( ! human s\l4 ,! pres5ce ( life is1 inde$1 necess>y to its beauty1 b ( life cong5ial ) its "*2 & t life is n cong5ial :i* ?ru/s presumptu\sly =w>d1 amid/ ! calmness ( ! univ]se1 ! confusion ( its own petty int]e/s & grovel+ imag9ations1 & /&s up ) ! insol5ce ( a mom5t1 amid ! maje/y ( all "t1 to build baby =tifications ^u ! bones ( ! _w1 or to sweep ! copse f ! corrie1 & ! %ad[ f ! %ore1 t fools may risk1 & gambl]s ga!r1 ! spoil ( a ?\s& summ]s4 #agd4 ,x %\ld !re=e be rememb]$ by e proprietor ( l& 9 hill c\ntry1 t 8 possessions are ! means ( a peculi> education1 o!rwise unatta9able1 to ! arti/s1 & 9 "s degree to ! lit]>y m51 ( 8 c\ntry2 t1 ev5 9 ?is limit$ po9t ( view1 !y are a national possession1 b mu* m s :5 x is rememb]$ h[ _m ?\s&s are p]petually receiv+ f !m1 n m]ely a transitory pleasure1 b su* ?rill+ p]petuity ( pure emotion1 su* l(ty subject = sci5tific speculation1 & su* deep lessons ( natural religion1 z only ! "w ( a ,deity c impress1 & only ! _s ( an immortal c feel3 !y %\ld rememb] t ! slighte/ de=mity1 ! mo/ contemptible excresc5ce1 c injure ! effect ( ! noble/ natural sc5]y1 z a note ( discord c annihilate ! expression ( ! pure/ h>mony2 t ?us x is 9 ! p[] ( worms to conceal1 to de/roy1 or to violate1 :at angels c\ld n re/ore1 create or consecrate2 & t ! "r1 :i* e man unque/ionably possesses1 to be an ass1 is ext5d$ only1 9 public1 to ^? :o are innoc5t 9 idiotism1 n to ! m malici\s cl[ns1 :o ?ru/ _! degrad$ motley conspicu\sly =? amid/ ! fair colors ( e>?1 & mix _! incoh]5t cries ) ! melodies ( et]nity1 break ) _! inane laugh ^u ! sil5ce :i* ,creation keeps :]e ,omnipot5ce passes mo/ visibly1 & scrabble ov] ) ! *>act]s ( idiocy ! pages t h be5 writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god4 #age4 ,^! feel+s we w\ld endeavor to impress ^u all p]sons likely to h any?+ to d ) embelli%+1 z x is call$1 f9e natural sc5]y2 z !y might1 9 "s degree1 conv9ce bo? ! ar*itect & 8 employ] ( ! dang] ( giv+ free play to ! imag9ation 9 cases involv+ intricate que/ions ( feel+ & composition1 & might p]suade ! design] ( ! necessity ( look+1 n to 8 own acre ( l&1 or to 8 own peculi> ta/es1 b to ! :ole mass ( =ms & comb9ation ( impressions ) :i* he is surr\nd$4 #agf4 ,let u suppose1 h[ev]1 t ! design is yield$ entirely to ! ar*itect's discretion4 ,be+ a piece ( dome/ic ar*itecture1 ! *ief object 9 its ext]ior design w be to ar\se dome/ic feel+s1 :i*1 z we saw be=e1 x w d mo/ di/9ctly by correspond+ ) ! fir/ "p ( "*4 ,yet x is /ill m necess>y t x %\ld correspond ) its situation2 & h5ce arises ano!r difficulty1 ! reconciliation ( correspond5ce ) contr>ies2 = su*1 x is deeply to be regrett$1 are too (t5 ! individual's m9d1 & ! dwell+-place x *ooses4 ,! poli%$ c\rti] br+s 8 ref9em5t & duplicity ) him to ape ! ,arcadian ru/ic 9 ,devon%ire2 ! romantic rhym] takes a pla/]$ habitation1 ) "o back w9d[ look+ into ! ,gre5 ,p>k2 ! s(t vot>y ( luxury endeavors to rise at sev51 9 "s ,ultima ,?ule ( fro/s & /orms2 & ! ri* /ock-jobb] calculates 8 p]c5tages among ! s(t d+les & woody %ores ( ,we/morel&4 ,:5 ! ar*itect f9ds ?is to be ! case1 he mu/1 ( c\rse1 cont5t himself ) suit+ 8 design to su* a m9d z ought to be :]e ! intrud]'s is2 = ! feel+s :i* are s mu* at v>iance ) !mselves 9 ! *oice ( situation1 w n be f\nd too critical ( _! domicile1 h[ev] little suit$ to _! temp]4 #agg4 ,if possible1 h[ev]1 he %\ld aim at some?+ m2 he %\ld draw 8 employ] into g5]al conv]sation2 obs]ve ! b5t ( 8 disposition1 & ! habits ( 8 m9d2 notice e manife/ation ( fix$ op9ions1 & !n transf] to 8 ar*itecture z mu* ( ! feel+ he has obs]v$ z is di/9ct 9 its op]ation4 ,?is he %\ld d1 n because ! g5]al spectator w be aw>e ( ! aptness ( ! build+1 :i*1 kn[+ no?+ ( its inmate1 he _c be2 nor to please ! individual himself1 :i* x is a *ance if any simple design ev] w1 & :o nev] w f9d out h[ well 8 "* has be5 fitt$2 b because a portrait is always m spirit$ ?an a compos$ c\nt5ance2 & because ?is /udy ( human passions w br+ a degree ( en]gy1 unity1 & orig9ality into e "o ( 8 designs 7all ( :i* w necess>ily be diff]5t71 s simple1 s dome/ic1 & s lifelike1 z to /rike e spectator ) an int]e/ & a sympa?y1 = :i* he w be utt]ly unable to acc\nt1 & to impress on him a p]ception ( some?+ m e!real ?an /one or c>v+1 some:at simil> to t :i* "s w rememb] hav+ felt disagreeably 9 _! *ildhood1 on look+ at any old h\se au!ntically haunt$4 ,! ar*itect w =get 9 8 /udy ( life ! =malities ( sci5ce1 &1 :ile 8 practic$ eye w prev5t him f err+ 9 te*nicalities1 he w advance1 ) ! rul+ feel+1 :i*1 9 masses ( m9d1 is nationality1 to ! conception ( some?+ truly orig9al1 yet p]fectly pure4 #agh4 ,he w also f9d 8 advantage 9 hav+ obta9$ a guide 9 ! inv5tion ( decorations ( :i*1 z we %all %[1 we w\ld h _m m 9 ,engli% villas ?an economy at pres5t all[s4 ,c&idus#cc compla9s1 9 8 ,note ,book1 t ,elizabe?an ar*itecture is frequ5tly adopt$1 because x is easy1 ) a pair ( scissors1 to d]ive a zigzag ornam5t f a d\bl$ piece ( pap]4 ,b we w\ld fa9 hope t none ( our pr(essional ar*itects h s f> lo/ sight ( ! mean+ ( _! art1 z to believe t r\gh5+ /one ma!matically is be/[+ decoration1 ?\gh we are too /]nly conv9c$ t !y believe mank9d to be m %ortsight$ by at lea/ ?irty y>ds ?an !y are2 = !y ?9k ( no?+ b g5]al effect 9 _! ornam5ts1 & lay on _! fl[]-"w s c>elessly1 t a good sub/antial capta9's biscuit1 ) ! small holes left by ! p5etration ( ! bak]'s f\r f+]s1 encircl+ ! l>ge "o :i* te/ifies ( ! =cible passage ( 8 ?umb1 w\ld =m q z elegant a rosette z hundr$s n[ p]petuat$ 9 /one4 ,footnote #cc3 ,a contributor to ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e4 #agi4 ,n[1 !re is no?+ :i* requires /udy s close1 or exp]im5t s frequ5t1 z ! prop] design+ ( ornam5t4 ,= its use & position "s def9ite rules may be giv52 b1 :5 ! space & position h be5 det]m9$1 ! l9es ( curvature1 ! bread?1 dep?1 & %>pness ( ! %ad[s to be obta9$1 ! junction ( ! p>ts ( a gr\p1 & ! g5]al expression1 w pres5t que/ions = ! solution ( :i* ! /udy ( ye>s w sometimes sc>cely be suffici5t2#cd = !y dep5d ^u ! feel+ ( ! eye & h&1 & !re is no?+ l p]fection 9 decoration1 no?+ :i*1 9 all probability1 might n1 by f>!r consid]ation1 be improv$4 ,n[1 9 cases 9 :i* ! outl9e & l>g] masses are det]m9$ by situation1 ! ar*itect w frequ5tly f9d x necess>y to fall back ^u 8 decorations1 z ! only means ( obta9+ "*2 & t :i* be=e 0 an unmean+ lump ( jagg$ free/one1 w become a "p ( expression1 an accessory ( beautiful design1 v>i$ 9 its =m1 & delicate 9 its effect4 ,!n1 in/ead ( %r9k+ f 8 bits ( ornam5t1 z f ?+s :i* w give him tr\ble to inv5t1 & w answ] no o!r purpose ?an t ( occupy+ :at w\ld o!rwise h look$ blank1 ! design] w view !m z an effici5t corps de res]ve1 to be br\ght up :5 ! eye comes to close qu>t]s ) ! edifice1 to ma9ta9 & deep5 ! impression x has previ\sly receiv$4 ,mu* m "t w be sp5t 9 ! conception1 mu* m labor 9 ! execution1 ( su* mean+ ornam5ts1 b bo? w be well sp5t & well rew>d$4 ,footnote #cd3 ,= example1 we w\ld all[ "o ( ! mod]n build]s ( ,go?ic *apels a mon? ( inv5tion1 & a botanic g>d5 to "w f1 ) p]fect c]ta9ty t he w\ld n1 at ! expiration ( ! "t1 be able to pres5t u ) "o design ( leafage equal 9 beauty to hundr$s we c\ld po9t out 9 ! capitals & ni*es ( ,melrose & ,rosl94 #ahj4 ,p]haps our mean+ may be made m cle> by ,fig4 #ac ,a1 :i* is t ( a w9d[ f\nd 9 a dome/ic build+ ( mix$ & corrupt ar*itecture1 at ,muni* 7:i* we give n[1 because we %all h occasion to allude to x h]eaft]74 ,its absurd bread? ( mold+1 s disproportionate to its cornice1 r5d]s x excessively ugly1 b capable ( great v>iety ( effect4 ,x =ms "o ( a range ( f\r1 turn+ an angle1 ^: mold+s jo9 ea* o!r1 _! d\ble bread? be+ ! :ole sep>ation ( ! ap]tures1 :i* are some?+ m ?an d\ble squ>es4 ,n[ by alt]ation ( ! decoration1 & dep? ( %ad[1 we h ,b & ,c4 ,^! ?ree w9d[s diff] entirely 9 _! feel+ & mann]1 & are broad examples ( su* di/9ctions ( /yle z might be adopt$ sev]ally 9 ! habitations ( ! man ( imag9ation1 ! man ( intellect & ! man ( feel+4#ce ,if our alt]ations h be5 prop]ly made1 !re w be no difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 _! expressions1 :i* we %all !re=e leave to conjecture4 ,! "* ( ,a dep5ds ^u ! s(tness ) :i* ! light is caught ^u its ornam5ts1 :i* %\ld n h a s+le h>d l9e 9 !m2 & on ! gradual1 unequal1 b int5se1 dep? ( its %ad[s4 ,b %\ld h all its =ms undef9$1 & pass+ into "o ano!r1 ! t\*es ( ! *isel light1 a grotesque face or feature occurr+ 9 p>ts1 ! %ad[s pale1 b broad#cf2 & ! bolde/ "p ( ! c>v+ kept 9 %ad[ r ?an light4 ,! ?ird %\ld be h>d 9 its l9es1 /rong 9 its %ades1 & quiet 9 its ornam5t4 ,footnote #ce3 ,?\gh n 9 ?is ord]4 ,c is ! intellectual w9d[2 ,b1 ! imag9ative "o4 ,footnote #cf3 ,x is too mu* ! cu/om to consid] a design z compos$ ( a c]ta9 numb] ( h>d l9es1 in/ead ( a c]ta9 numb] ( %ad[s ( v>i\s dep? & dim5sion4 ,?\gh ^! %ad[s *ange _! position 9 ! c\rse ( ! day1 !y are relatively always ! same4 ,!y h mo/ v>iety "u a /rong light )\t sun1 mo/ expression ) ! sun4 ,a little obs]vation ( ! inf9ite v>iety ( %ade :i* ! sun is capable ( ca/+1 z x t\*es projections ( diff]5t curve & "*1 w enable ! design] to be c]ta9 ( 8 effects4 ,we %all h occasion to allude to ?is subject aga94 ,see ,sev5 ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture1 ,,iii4 #ac1 #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,w9d[s4 #aha4 ,^! h9ts w be suffici5t to expla9 our mean+1 & we h n space to d m1 z ! object ( ^! pap]s is r to obs]ve ?an to advise4 ,besides1 9 que/ions ( expression s intricate1 x is almo/ impossible to advance fix$ pr9ciples2 e m9d w h p]ceptions ( its own1 :i* w guide its speculations1 e h&1 & eye1 & peculi> feel+1 v>y+ ev5 f ye> to ye>4 ,we h only />t$ ! subject ( correspond5ce ) individual "*1 because we ?9k t imag9ative m9ds might take up ! idea ) "s success1 z furni%+ !m ) a guide 9 ! v>iation ( _! designs1 m c]ta9 ?an m]e exp]im5t on unmean+ =ms1 or ?an r++ indiscrim9ate *anges on compon5t p>ts ( e/abli%$ beauty4 ,to ! rev]ie1 r ?an ! inve/igation1 to ! dream1 r ?an ! delib]ation1 ( ! ar*itect1 we recomm5d x1 z a bran* ( art 9 :i* in/9ct w d m ?an precept1 & inspiration ?an te*nicality4 ,! correspond5ce ( our villa ar*itecture ) our natural sc5]y may be det]m9$ ) f> great] accuracy1 & w require c>eful inve/igation4 ,we _h hop$ to h conclud$ ! ,villa 9 ?is pap]2 b ! importance ( dome/ic ar*itecture at ! pres5t day1 :5 p want h\ses m ?an =tresses1 safes m ?an keeps1 & scull]ies m ?an dungeons1 is suffici5t apology = delay4 ,,ox=d1 ,augu/1 #ahch4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,briti% ,,villa4--,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,composition4 ,! ,cultivat$1 or ,blue ,c\ntry & ! ,wood$1 or ,gre5 ,c\ntry4 #ahb4 ,9 ! pap]s hi!rto devot$ to ! inve/igation ( villa ar*itecture1 we h contemplat$ ! beauties ( :at may be consid]$ z its model1 9 its orig9al & natural t]ritory2 & we h notic$ ! difficulties to be enc\nt]$ 9 ! j erection ( villas 9 ,engl&4 ,x rema9s only to lay d[n ! g5]al pr9ciples ( composition1 :i* 9 su* difficulties may1 9 "s degree1 s]ve z a guide4 ,into m ?an g5]al pr9ciples x is n consi/5t ) our plan to ent]4 ,"o ob/acle1 :i* 0 m p>ticul>ly notic$1 01 z x may be rememb]$1 ! v>iety ( ! geological =mations ( ! c\ntry4 ,?is w compel u to use ! divisions ( l&scape =m]ly adopt$ 9 speak+ ( ! cottage1 & to inve/igate sev]ally ! k9d ( dome/ic ar*itecture requir$ by ea*4 #ahc4 ,fir/4 ,blue or cultivat$ c\ntry1 :i* is to be consid]$ z includ+ ^? suburban di/ricts1 9 ! neighborhood ( popul\s cities1 :i*1 ?\gh m frequ5tly black ?an blue1 possess ! activity1 indu/ry1 & life1 :i* we be=e notic$ z "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( blue c\ntry4 ,we %all n1 h[ev]1 allude to suburban villas at pres5t2 fir/1 because !y are 9 c\ntry possess+ no?+ :i* c be spoil$ by any?+2 &1 secondly1 because _! close association r5d]s !m subject to laws :i*1 be+ altoge!r diff]5t f ^? by :i* we are to judge ( ! beauty ( solit>y villas1 we %all h to develop 9 ! consid]ation ( /reet effects4 #ahd4 ,pass+ ov] ! suburb1 !n1 we h to di/+ui% betwe5 ! simple blue c\ntry1 :i* is compos$ only ( ri* cultivat$ *ampaign1 reliev$ 9 p>ts by l[ undulations1 monoton\s & un9t]e/+ z a :ole1 ?\gh *e]ful 9 its "*1 & beautiful 9 details ( lanes & mead[ pa?s2 & ! picturesque blue c\ntry1 ly+ at ! foot ( high hill ranges1 int]sect$ by _! outworks1 brok5 "h & !re into bits ( crag & d+le sc5]y2 p]petually pres5t+ prospects ( exquisite di/ant beauty1 & possess+ 9 its valley & riv] sc5]y1 f9e deta*$ specim5s ( ! natural gre5 c\ntry4 ,?is di/9ction we did n make 9 speak+ ( ! cottage2 ! effect ( :i*1 ow+ to its size1 c ext5d only ov] a limit$ space2 & ?is space1 if 9 picturesque blue c\ntry1 mu/ be ei!r "p ( its monoton\s cultivation1 :5 x is to be consid]$ z belong+ to ! simple blue c\ntry1 or "p ( its d+le sc5]y1 :5 x becomes gre5 c\ntry2 & x w\ld n be j1 to suit a cottage1 actually plac$ 9 "o color1 to ! g5]al effect ( ano!r color1 ) :i* x c\ld h no?+ to d4 ,b ! effect ( ! villa ext5ds v (t5 ov] a consid]able space1 & becomes "p ( ! l>ge features ( ! di/rict2 s t ! :ole "* & expression ( ! visible l&scape mu/ be consid]$1 & ?us ! di/9ction betwe5 ! two k9ds ( blue c\ntry becomes absolutely necess>y4 ,( ! fir/1 or simple1 we h already adduc$1 z an example1 ! great] "p ( ! ,s\? ( ,engl&4 ,( ! second1 or picturesque1 ! cultivat$ p>ts ( ! ,nor? & ,ea/ ,rid+s ( ,york%ire1 g5]ally ,%rop%ire1 & ! nor? ( ,lanca%ire1 & ,cumb]l&1 beyond ,caldbeck ,fells1 are good examples2 p]haps bett] ?an all1 ! c\ntry = twelve miles nor?1 & ?irty s\?1 ea/1 & we/1 ( ,/irl+4 ,a4 ,! ,simple ,blue ,c\ntry4 #ahe4 ,n[1 ! matt]-(-fact bus9ess-l activity ( simple blue c\ntry has be5 already allud$ to4 ,?is attribute r5d]s 9 x a pla9 palpable brick dwell+-h\se all[able2 ?\gh a ?+ :i*1 9 e c\ntry b ! simple blue1 compels e spectator ( any feel+ to s5d up aspirations1 t build]s :o1 l ^? ( ,babel1 h brick = /one1 may be put1 l ^? ( ,babel1 to confusion4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 x is n only all[able1 b ev5 agreeable1 = ! foll[+ reasons3-- #ahf4 ,its cleanness & fre%ness ( color1 admitt+ ( little dampness or /a9+1 firm 9 its consi/5ce1 n mold]+ l /one1 & !re=e induc+ no conviction ( antiquity or decay1 pres5ts r ! appe>ance ( su* com=t z is contriv$ = ! enjoym5t ( tempor>y weal?1 ?an ( su* solidity z is rais$ = ! inh]itance ( unfluctuat+ p[]4 ,x is ?us admirably suit$ = t c\ntry :]e all is *ange1 & all activity2 :]e ! work+ & money-mak+ memb]s ( ! community are p]petually succe$+ & ov]p[]+ ea* o!r2 enjoy+1 ea* 9 8 turn1 ! rew>d ( 8 indu/ry2 yield+ up ! field1 ! pa/ure1 & ! m9e1 to 8 successor1 & leav+ no m memory beh9d him1 no f>!r evid5ce ( 8 individual exi/5ce1 ?an is left by a work+ bee1 9 ! honey = :i* we ?ank 8 class1 =gett+ ! individual4 ,! simple blue c\ntry may1 9 fact1 be consid]$ ! d9+-table ( ! nation2 f :i* x provides = its imm$iate necessities1 at :i* x feels only its pres5t exi/5ce1 & 9 :i* x requires1 n a piece ( furniture adapt$ only to rem9d x ( pa/ refection1 b a poli%$1 clean1 & conv5i5t m9i/] to its imm$iate wi%es4 ,no habitation1 !re=e1 9 ?is c\ntry1 %\ld look old3 x %\ld give an impression ( pres5t prosp]ity1 ( swift motion & high en]gy ( life2 too rapid 9 its successive op]ation to atta9 greatness1 or all[ ( decay1 9 its works4 ,?is is ! fir/ cause :i*1 9 ?is c\ntry1 r5d]s brick all[able4 #ahg4 ,aga91 :]ev] ! soil breaks out 9 simple blue c\ntry1 :e!r 9 ! riv] %ore1 or ! brok5 roadside bank1 or ! pl[$ field1 9 n9e cases out ( t5 x is excessively w>m 9 its color1 be+ ei!r gravel or clay1 ! black vegetable soil nev] rema9+ free ( vegetation4 ,! w>m tone ( ^! b$s ( soil is an admirable relief to ! blue ( ! di/ances1 :i* we h tak5 z ! di/9ctive feature ( ! c\ntry1 t5d+ to produce ! p]fect light )\t :i* no l&scape c be complete4 ,!re=e ! r$ ( ! brick is prev5t$ f gl>+ ^u ! eye1 by its fall+ 9 ) simil> colors 9 ! gr\nd1 & contra/+ f9ely ) ! g5]al tone ( ! di/ance4 ,?is is ano!r in/ance ( ! mat]ial :i* nature mo/ readily furni%es be+ ! "r "o4 ,9 almo/ all blue c\ntry1 we h only to turn out a few spadefuls ( loose soil1 & we come to ! b$ ( clay1 :i* is ! be/ mat]ial = ! build+2 :]eas we %\ld h to travel hundr$s ( miles1 or to dig ?\s&s ( feet1 to get ! /one :i* nature does n want1 & !re=e has n giv54 #ahh4 ,ano!r excell5ce 9 brick is its p]fect air ( ,engli% respectability4 ,x is utt]ly impossible = an edifice altoge!r ( brick to look affect$ or absurd3 x may look rude1 x may look vulg>1 x may look disgu/+1 9 a wrong place2 b x _c look fooli%1 = x is incapable ( pret5sion4 ,we may suppose its ma/] a brute1 or an ignoramus1 b we c nev] suppose him a coxcomb3 a be> he may be1 a fop he _c be2 &1 if we f9d him out ( 8 place1 we feel t x is ow+ to error1 n to impud5ce2 to self-ignorance1 n to self-conceit2 to ! want1 n ! assumption ( feel+4 ,x is ?us t brick is peculi>ly ,engli% 9 its effect3 = we are brutes 9 _m ?+s1 & we are ignoramuses 9 _m ?+s1 & we are de/itute ( feel+ 9 _m ?+s1 b we are n coxcombs4 ,x is only by ! utmo/ ef=t1 t "s ( our mo/ highly gift$ junior g5tlem5 c atta9 su* di/9ction ( title2 & ev5 !n ! honor sits ill ^u !m3 !y are b awkw>d coxcombs4 ,affectation#cg nev] 01 & nev] w be1 a "p ( ,engli% "*2 we h too mu* national pride1 too mu* consci\sness ( our own dignity & p[]1 too mu* e/abli%$ self-satisfaction1 to all[ u to become ridicul\s by imitative ef=ts2 &1 z x is only by endeavor+ to appe> :at he is n1 t a man ev] c become s1 prop]ly speak+1 our true-witt$ ,cont95tal neighbors1 :o %r9k f ,john ,bull z a brute1 nev] laugh at him z a fool4 ,il e/ bte1 il n'e/ pas p\rtant sot4 ,footnote #cg3 ,! nation1 inde$1 possesses "o or two int]e/+ individuals1 ^: affectation is1 z we h se51 /rik+ly manife/$ 9 _! lake villas3 b e rule has its exceptions2 &1 ev5 on ^! gift$ p]sonages1 ! affectation sits s v awkw>dly1 s l a velvet bonnet on a pl[man's c>roty hair1 t x is evid5tly a late acquisition4 ,?us1 "o proprietor ( l& on ,w9d]m]e1 :o has built unto himself a ca/ellat$ mansion ) r\nd t[]s1 & a ,swiss cottage = a /able1 has yet1 ) t admiration ( ! neat b n gaudy1 :i* is commonly report$ to h influ5c$ ! devil :5 he pa9t$ 8 tail pea-gre51 pa9t$ ! rocks at ! back ( 8 h\se p9k1 t !y may look clean4 ,?is is a little outcrop ( ,engli% feel+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! assum$ romance4 #ahi4 ,! brick h\se admirably corresponds ) ?is "p ( ,engli% "*2 =1 unable z x is to be beautiful1 or graceful1 or dignifi$1 x is equally unable to be absurd4 ,!re is a pr\d indep5d5ce ab\t x1 :i* seems consci\s ( its entire & p]fect applicability to ^? uses = :i* x 0 built1 & full ( a good-natur$ int5tion to r5d] e "o :o seeks %elt] )9 its walls excessively com=table2 x !re=e feels awkw>d 9 no company2 &1 :]ev] x intrudes its good-humor$ r$ face1 />es pla/] & m>ble out ( c\nt5ance ) an ins5sible audacity1 :i* we drive out ( su* ref9$ company1 z we w\ld a cl[n f a draw+-room1 b :i* we nev]!less seek 9 its own place1 z we w\ld seek ! conv]sation ( ! cl[n 9 8 own turnip-field1 if he 7 s5sible 9 ! ma94 #aij4 ,la/ly4 ,brick is admirably adapt$ = ! climate ( ,engl&1 & = ! frequ5t manufactur+ nuisances ( ,engli% blue c\ntry3 = ! smoke1 :i* makes m>ble look l *>coal1 & /ucco l mud1 only r5d]s brick less gl>+ 9 its color2 & ! inclem5t climate1 :i* makes ! composition front look z if its ar*itect _h be5 amus+ himself by ?r[+ buckets ( gre5 wat] d[n f ! ro(1 & be=e :i* ! granite base ( ,/irl+ ,ca/le is mold]+ into s& z impot5t z ev] 0 ribb$ by ripple1 wreaks its rage 9 va9 ^u ! bits ( bak$ clay1 leav+ !m /rong1 & dry1 & /a9less1 w>m & com=table 9 _! effect1 ev5 :5 neglect has p]mitt$ ! moss & wall-fl[] to creep into _! crannies1 & mell[ into some?+ l beauty t :i* is always com=t4 ,damp1 :i* fills _m /ones z x w\ld a sponge1 is defi$ by ! brick2 & ! w>m? ( e gleam ( sun%9e is caught by x1 & /or$ up = future exp5diture2 s t1 bo? actually & 9 its effect1 x is peculi>ly suit$ = a climate ^: *anges are 9 g5]al f bad to worse1 & f worse to bad4 #aia4 ,^! !n are ! pr9cipal apologies :i* ! brick dwell+-h\se has to (f] = its ugl9ess4 ,!y w1 h[ev]1 only /& x 9 /ead 9 ! simple blue c\ntry2 &1 ev5 !re1 only :5 ! foll[+ po9ts are obs]v$4 ,fir/4 ,! brick %\ld nei!r be ( ! :ite1 nor ! v d>k r$1 k9d4 ,! :ite is worse ?an useless z a color3 its cold1 raw1 s&y neutral has nei!r w>m? en\gh to relieve1 nor gray en\gh to h>monize )1 any natural tones2 x does n please ! eye by w>m?1 9 %ade2 x hurts x1 by dry heat 9 sun2 x has none ( ! advantages ( effect :i* brick may h1 to comp5sate = ! vulg>ity :i* x mu/ h1 & is altoge!r to be abhorr$4 ,! v bright r$1 aga91 is "o ( ! uglie/ w>m colors t art ev] /umbl$ ^u3 x is nev] mell[$ by damps or any?+ else1 & spoils ev]y?+ ne> x by its intol]able & inevitable gl>e4 ,! mod]ately d>k brick1 ( a neutral r$1 is to be *os51 & ?is1 aft] a ye> or two1 w be f>!r s(t5$ 9 its color by atmosph]ic influ5ce1 & w possess all ! advantages we h enum]at$4 ,x is almo/ unnecess>y to po9t out its fitness = a damp situation1 n only z ! be/ mat]ial = secur+ ! com=t ( ! inhabitant1 b because x w ! soon] contract a c]ta9 degree ( s(tness ( tone1 occasion$ by microscopic vegetation1 :i* w leave no m brick-r$ ?an is agreeable to ! feel+s :]e ! atmosph]e is *ill4 #aib4 ,secondly4 ,ev5 ?is k9d ( r$ is a v p[]ful color2 & z1 9 comb9ation ) ! o!r primitive colors1 v little ( x w complete ! light1 s1 v little w answ] e purpose 9 l&scape composition1 & e addition1 above t little1 w be disagreeable4 ,brick1 !re=e1 nev] %\ld be us$ 9 l>ge gr\ps ( build+s1 :]e ^? gr\ps are to =m "p ( l&scape sc5]y3 two or ?ree h\ses1 p>tly %ad$ ) trees1 are all t c be admitt$ at once4 ,!re is no object m villa9\sly de/ructive ( natural beauty1 ?an a l>ge t[n1 ( v r$ brick1 ) v sc>let til+1 v tall *imneys1 & v few trees2 :ile !re are few objects t h>monize m agreeably ) ! feel+ ( ,engli% ord9>y l&scape1 ?an ! l>ge1 old1 solit>y1 brick manor h\se1 ) its gr\p ( d>k c$>s on ! lawn 9 front1 & ! tall wr\ght-iron gates op5+ d[n ! av5ue ( approa*4 #aic4 ,?irdly4 ,no /one quo9+1 or pres5ce ( any contra/+ color1 %\ld be admitt$4 ,quo9s 9 g5]al 7?\gh1 by ! by1 !y are prettily manag$ 9 ! old ,tolboo? ( ,glasg[1 & "s o!r antique build+s 9 ,scotl&71 are only excusable z giv+ an appe>ance ( /r5g?2 :ile _! zigzag monotony1 :5 r5d]$ conspicu\s by diff]5ce ( color1 is altoge!r dete/able4 ,:ite cornices1 ni*es1 & ! o!r sup]flu\s introductions 9 /one & pla/]1 :i* "s ar*itects seem to ?9k ornam5tal1 only mock :at !y _c m5d1 take away ! :ole expression ( ! edifice1 r5d] ! brick-r$ gl>+ & h>%1 & become !mselves ridicul\s 9 isolation4 ,besides1 z a g5]al pr9ciple1 contra/s ( ext5sive color are to be avoid$ 9 all build+s1 & especially 9 positive & unmanageable t9ts4 ,x is difficult to imag9e :5ce ! cu/om ( putt+ /one ornam5ts into brick build+s c\ld h aris52 unless x be an imitation ( ! ,italian cu/om ( mix+ m>ble ) /ucco1 :i* af=ds x no sanction1 z ! m>ble is only di/+ui%able f ! g5]al mat]ial by ! %>pness ( ! c>v$ edges4 ,! ,dut* seem to h be5 ! orig9ators ( ! cu/om2 &1 by ! by1 if we rememb] "r1 9 "o ( ! v f9e/ pieces ( color+ n[ extant1 a l&scape by ,rub5s 79 ! gall]y at ,muni*1 we ?9k71 ! arti/ seems to h sanction$ ! b>b>ism1 by introduc+ a brick edifice1 ) :ite /one quo9+4 ,b ! tru? is t he select$ ! subject1 p>tly "u ! influ5ce ( dome/ic feel+s1 ! place be+1 z x is ?\ght1 8 own habitation1 & p>tly z a piece ( practice1 pres5t+ su* excessive difficulties ( color1 z he1 ! "l ( color1 :o alone c\ld ov]come !m1 w\ld peculi>ly delight 9 ov]com+2 & ! h>mony ) :i* he has comb9$ t9ts ( ! mo/ d>+ =ce1 & %>pe/ app>5t contra/1 9 ! edgy build+1 & oppos$ !m to an un9t]e/+ di/ance ( excessive azure 7simple blue c\ntry1 obs]ve71 is "o ( ! *ief wond]s ( ! pa9t+3 s t ?is ma/]piece c no m furni% an apology = ! cont9uance ( a practice :i*1 ?\gh x gives "s livel9ess ( "* to ! w>eh\ses ( ,am/]dam1 is fit only = a place ^: f\ndations are mud1 & ^: inhabitants are p>tially animat$ *eeses1--?an ,c>avaggio's cu/om ( pa9t+ blackgu>ds %\ld introduce an ambition among mank9d 9 g5]al ( becom+ fit subjects = 8 p5cil4 ,we %all h occasion aga9 to allude to ?is subject1 9 speak+ ( ,dut* /reet effects4 #aid4 ,f\r?ly4 ,x w g5]ally be f\nd to agree be/ ) ! bus9ess-l air ( ! blue c\ntry1 if ! h\se be excessively simple1 & app>5tly altoge!r ! m9i/] ( utility2 b1 :]e x is to be ext5sive1 or tall1 a few decorations ab\t ! upp] w9d[s are desirable4 ,^! %\ld be quiet & sev]e 9 _! l9es1 & cut boldly 9 ! brick itself4 ,"s ( ! m9or /reets 9 ! ,k+ ( ,s>d9ia's capital are altoge!r ( brick1 v ri*ly *>g$ ) c>v+1 ) excell5t effect1 & furni% a v good model4 ,( c\rse no delicate ornam5t c be obta9$1 & no classical l9es c be all[$2 = we %\ld be horrifi$ by see+ t 9 brick :i* we h be5 accu/om$ to see 9 m>ble4 ,! ar*itect mu/ be left to 8 own ta/e = lay+ on1 sp>+ly & c>efully1 a few dispositions ( well proportion$ l9e1 :i* are all t c ev] be requir$4 #aie4 ,^! broad pr9ciples are all t ne$ be att5d$ to 9 simple blue c\ntry3 any?+ w look well 9 x :i* is n affect$2 & ! ar*itect1 :o keeps com=t & utility /eadily 9 view1 & runs (f into no expatiations ( fancy1 ne$ nev] be afraid "h ( fall+ into error4 ,b4 ,! ,picturesque ,blue ,c\ntry4 #aif4 ,b ! case is diff]5t ) ! picturesque blue c\ntry4#ch ,"h1 ow+ to ! causes m5tion$ 9 ! notes at p4 #ga1 we h "s ( ! mo/ elevat$ bits ( l&scape "*1 :i* ! c\ntry1 :atev] x may be1 c af=d4 ,its fir/ & mo/ di/9ctive peculi>ity is its grace2 x is all undulation & v>iety ( l9e1 "o curve pass+ into ano!r ) ! mo/ exquisite s(tness1 roll+ away into fa9t & f> outl9es ( v>i\s dep? & decision1 yet none h>d or h>%2 & 9 all probability1 r\nd$ (f 9 ! ne> gr\nd into massy =ms ( p>tially wood$ hill1 %ad$ d[nw>ds into w9d+ d+les or cliffy rav9es1 ea* =m melt+ imp]ceptibly into ! next1 )\t an edge or angle4 ,footnote #ch3 ,9 leav+ simple blue c\ntry1 we hope x ne$ h>dly be said t we leave bricks at once & =ev]4 ,no?+ c excuse !m out ( _! prop] t]ritory4 #aig4 ,its next "* is my/]y4 ,x is a c\ntry peculi>ly di/+ui%$ by its possess+ features ( great sublimity 9 ! di/ance1 )\t giv+ any h9t 9 ! =egr\nd ( _! actual nature4 ,a range ( m\nta91 se5 f a m\nta9 peak1 may h sublimity1 b n ! my/]y ) :i* x is inve/$1 :5 se5 ris+ ov] ! f>!/ surge ( mi/y blue1 :]e ev]y?+ ne> is s(t & smil+1 totally sep>at$ 9 nature f ! consolidat$ cl\ds ( ! horizon4 ,! picturesque blue c\ntry is sure1 f ! nature ( ! gr\nd1 to pres5t "s di/ance ( ?is k9d1 s z nev] to be )\t a high & e!real my/]y4 #aih4 ,! ?ird & la/ di/9ctive attribute is s5suality4 ,?is is a />tl+ ^w1 & requires "s explanation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 e l9e is voluptu\s1 float+1 & wavy 9 its =m2 deep1 ri*1 & exquisitely s(t 9 its color2 dr[sy 9 its effect2 l sl[ wild music2 lett+ ! eye repose on x1 z on a wrea? ( cl\d1 )\t "o feature ( h>%ness to hurt1 or ( contra/ to awak54 ,9 ! second place1 ! cultivation1 :i*1 9 ! simple blue c\ntry1 has ! =c$ =mality ( gr[? :i* evid5tly is to supply ! necessities ( man1 "h seems to leap into ! spontane\s luxuriance ( life1 :i* is fitt$ to m9i/] to 8 pleasures4 ,! surface ( ! e>? exults ) animation1 especially t5d+ to ! gratification ( ! s5ses2 &1 )\t ! artificialness :i* rem9ds man ( ! necessity ( 8 own labor1 )\t ! oppos+ influ5ces :i* call = 8 resi/ance1 )\t ! va/ en]gies t rem9d him ( 8 impot5ce1 )\t ! sublimity t c call 8 noble/ ?\ghts into action1 yet1 ) e p]fection t c tempt him to indol5ce ( enjoym5t1 & ) su* abundant be/[al ( natural gifts1 z might seem to prev5t t indol5ce f be+ its own puni%m5t1 ! e>? appe>s to h become a g>d5 ( delight1 :]e9 ! sweep ( ! bright hills1 )\t *asm or crag1 ! fl[ ( ! b5d+ riv]s1 )\t rock or rapid1 & ! fruitfulness ( ! fair e>?1 )\t c>e or labor on ! "p ( its inhabitants1 appeal to ! mo/ pleasant passions ( eye & s5se1 call+ = no ef=t ( body1 & impress+ no fe> on ! m9d4 ,9 hill c\ntry we h a /ruggle to ma9ta9 ) ! elem5ts2 9 simple blue1 we h n ! luxuriance ( delight3 "h1 & "h only1 all nature comb9es to brea! ov] u a lull+ slumb]1 ?r\gh :i* life deg5]ates into s5sation4 #aii4 ,^! consid]ations are suffici5t to expla9 :at we mean by ! epi!t s5suality4 ,n[1 tak+ ^! ?ree di/9ctive attributes1 ! my/]i\s1 ! graceful1 & ! voluptu\s1 :at is ! :ole "*8 ,v ne>ly--! ,greek3 = ^! attributes1 common to all picturesque blue c\ntry1 are modifi$ 9 ! degree ( _! pres5ce by e climate4 ,9 ,engl& !y are all l[ 9 _! tone2 b z we g s\?w>d1 ! voluptu\sness becomes deep] 9 feel+ z ! colors ( ! e>? & ! heav5 become pur] & m passionate1 & ! purple ( ocean deepe/ ( dye2 ! my/]y becomes mighti]1 = ! great] & m univ]sal en]gy ( ! beautiful p]mits its features to come ne>]1 & to rise into ! sublime1 )\t caus+ fe>4 ,x is ?us t we get ! ess5ce ( ! ,greek feel+1 z x 0 embodi$ 9 _! f9e/ imag9ations1 z x %[$ itself 9 ! works ( _! sculptors & _! poets1 9 :i* s5sation 0 made almo/ equal ) ?\ght1 & deifi$ by its nobility ( association2 at once voluptu\s1 ref9$1 dreamily my/]i\s1 inf9itely beautiful4 ,h5ce1 x appe>s t ! _s ( ?is blue c\ntry is ess5tially ,greek2 ?\gh1 9 ,engl& & 9 o!r nor!rn localities1 t _s is possess$ by x 9 a dim9i%$ & degrad$ degree4 ,x is also ! natural dom9ion ( ! villa1 possess+ all ! attributes :i* attract$ ! ,romans1 :51 9 _! h\rs ( idl5ess1 !y lift$ ! light ar*es along ! e*o+ promontories ( ,tib]4 ,x is especially suit$ to ! expression ( ! edifice ( pleasure2 &1 !re=e1 is mo/ capable ( be+ adorn$ by x4 #bjj4 ,! att5tion ( e "o ab\t to raise himself a villa ( any k9d %\ld1 !re=e1 be direct$ to ?is k9d ( c\ntry2 fir/1 z t 9 :i* he w n be felt to be an intrud]2 secondly1 z t :i* w1 9 all probability1 af=d him ! greate/ degree ( cont9u\s pleasure1 :5 8 eye has become accu/om$ to ! features ( ! locality4 ,to ! human m9d1 z on ! av]age con/itut$1 ! features ( hill sc5]y w1 by repetition1 become tiresome1 & ( wood sc5]y1 monoton\s2 :ile ! simple blue c possess little int]e/ ( any k9d4 ,p[]ful intellect w g5]ally take p]petual delight 9 hill resid5ce2 b ! g5]al m9d soon feels itself oppress$ ) a peculi> melan*oly & we>9ess1 :i* x is a%am$ to own2 & we he> our romantic g5tlem5 beg9 to call out ab\t ! want ( society1 :ile1 if ! animals 7 fit to live :]e !y h =c$ !mselves1 !y w\ld nev] want m society ?an t ( a gray /one1 or ( a cle> pool ( gu%+ wat]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are few m9ds s degrad$ z n to feel great] pleasure 9 ! picturesque blue ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry4 ,its di/ance has g5]ally gr&eur en\gh to meet _! moods ( aspiration2 its ne> aspect is t ( a m human int]e/ ?an t ( hill c\ntry1 & h>monizes m truly ) ! dome/ic feel+s :i* are common to all mank9d2 s t1 on ! :ole1 x w be f\nd to ma9ta9 its fre%ness ( beauty to ! habituat$ eye1 9 a great] degree ?an any o!r sc5]y4 #bja4 ,z x ?us p]suades u to inhabit x1 x becomes a po9t ( honor n to make ! attractiv5ess ( its beauty its de/ruction2 especially z1 be+ ! natural dom9ion ( ! villa1 x af=ds great opportunity = ! ar*itect to exhibit v>iety ( design4 ,its _s has be5 prov$ to be ,greek2 & !re=e1 ?\gh t _s is slightly manife/$ 9 ,brita91 & ?\gh e good ar*itect is %y ( importation1 villas on ,greek & ,roman models are admissible "h4 ,/ill1 z 9 all blue c\ntry !re is mu* activity ( life1 ! pr9ciple ( utility %\ld be kept 9 view1 & ! build+ %\ld h z mu* simplicity z c be unit$ ) p]fect gracefulness ( l9e4 ,x appe>s f ! pr9ciples ( composition allud$ to 9 speak+ ( ! ,italian villa1 t 9 undulat+ c\ntry ! =ms %\ld be squ>e & massy2 &1 :]e ! segm5ts ( curves are small1 ! build+s %\ld be l[ & flat1 :ile !y may be prev5t$ f appe>+ cumbr\s by "s well-manag$ irregul>ity ( design1 :i* w be agreeable to ! inhabitant z well z to ! spectator2 enabl+ him to *ange ! aspect & size ( 8 *amb]1 z temp]ature or employm5t may r5d] su* *ange desirable1 )\t be+ foil$ 9 8 design1 by f9d+ ! ap>tm5ts ( "o w+ mat*$1 foot to foot1 by ^? ( ! o!r4 #bjb4 ,= ! color1 x has be5 %[n t :ite or pale t9ts are agreeable 9 all blue c\ntry3 b !re mu/ be w>m? 9 x1 & a great deal too1--gray be+ com=tless & useless ) a cold di/ance2 b x mu/ n be raw or gl>+4#ci ,! ro( & *imneys %\ld be kept out ( sight z mu* z possible2 & !re=e ! "o v flat1 & ! o!r v pla94 ,we ought to revive ! ,greek cu/om ( ro(+ ) ?9 slabs ( co>se m>ble1 cut into ! =m ( tiles4 ,h[ev]1 :]e ! ar*itect f9ds he has a v cool di/ance1 & few trees ab\t ! build+1 & :]e x /&s s high z to preclude ! possibility ( its be+ look$ d[n ^u1 he w1 if he be c\rage\s1 use a v flat ro( ( ! d>k ,italian tile4 ,! eaves1 :i* are all t %\ld be se51 w be peculi>ly graceful2 & ! %>p contra/ ( color 7= ?is til+ c only be admitt$ ) :ite walls7 may be altoge!r avoid$1 by lett+ !m ca/ a /rong %ad[1 & by runn+ ! walls up into a range ( l[ g>ret w9d[s1 to break ! horizontal l9e ( ! ro(4 ,he w ?us obta9 a bit ( v /rong color1 :i* w imp>t a g5]al gl[ ( *e]fulness to ! build+1 & :i*1 if he manages x rightly1 w n be gl>+ nor intrusive4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t he c only d ?is ) villas ( ! mo/ humble ord]1 & t he w seldom f9d 8 employ] possess$ ( s mu* common s5se z to put up ) a tile ro(4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! flat slabs ( ! upp] lime/one 7rag/one7 are usually bett] ?an slate4 ,footnote #ci3 ,! epi!t raw1 by ! by1 is vague1 & ne$s def9ition4 ,e t9t is raw :i* is p]fectly opaque1 & has n all ! ?ree primitive colors 9 its composition4 ,?us1 black is always raw1 because x has no color2 :ite nev]1 because x has all colors4 ,no t9t c be raw :i* is n opaque2 & opacity may be tak5 away1 ei!r by actual dep? & transp>5cy1 z 9 ! sky2 by lu/] & texture1 z 9 ! case ( silk & velvet1 or by v>iety ( %ade z 9 =e/ v]dure4 ,two in/ances w be suffici5t to prove ! tru? ( ?is4 ,brick1 :5 fir/ fir$1 is always raw2 b :5 x has be5 a little wea!r$1 x acquires a slight blue t9t1 assi/$ by ! gray ( ! mort>3 incipi5t vegetation af=ds x ! yell[4 ,x ?us obta9s an admixture ( ! ?ree colors1 & is raw no long]4 ,an old woman's r$ cloak1 ?\gh gl>+1 is nev] raw2 = x mu/ ( necessity h fold$ %ades3 ^? %ades are ( a ri* gray2 no gray c exi/ )\t yell[ & blue4 ,we h !n ?ree colors1 & no rawness4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ h[ev]1 t :5 any "o ( ! colors is giv5 9 s slight a degree t x c be ov]p[]$ by c]ta9 effects ( light1 ! unit$ color1 :5 opaque1 w be raw4 ,?us _m fle%-colors are raw2 because1 ?\gh !y mu/ h a little blue 9 _! composition1 x is too little to be effici5tly visible 9 a /rong light4 #bjc4 ,= ! re/1 x is always to be kept 9 view1 t ! prevail+ "* ( ! :ole is to be t ( graceful simplicity2 di/+ui%$ f ! simplicity ( ! ,italian edifice1 by be+ t ( utility in/ead ( t ( pride4#dj ,consequ5tly ! build+ mu/ n be ,go?ic or ,elizabe?an3 x may be z commonplace z ! proprietor likes1 provid$ its proportions be good2 b no?+ c ev] excuse "o acute angle1 or "o decorat$ p9nacle1--bo? be+ direct int]ruption ( ! repose ) :i* ! eye is indulg$ by ! undulations ( ! surr\nd+ sc5]y4 ,t[] & =tress outl9es are inde$ agreeable1 = _! f9e gr\p+ & r\ndness2 b we d n allude to !m1 because no?+ c be m absurd ?an ! humor prevail+ at ! pres5t day among _m ( our peaceable old g5tlem51 :o nev] smelt p[d] 9 _! lives1 to eat _! morn+ muff9 9 a savage-look+ r\nd t[]1 & admit quiet old ladies to a tea-p>ty "u ! range ( tw5ty-six cannon1 :i*--x is lucky = ! *9a--are all wood5 ones1--z !y are1 9 all probability1 accurately & awfully po9t$ into ! draw+-room w9d[s4 ,footnote #dj3 ,!re mu/ always be a difficulty 9 build+ 9 picturesque blue c\ntry 9 ,engl&2 = ! ,engli% "* is oppos$ to t ( ! c\ntry3 x is nei!r graceful1 nor my/]i\s1 nor voluptu\s2 !re=e1 :at we c$e to ! c\ntry1 we take f ! nationality1 & vice v]s4 ,s mu* !n = our ,briti% blue c\ntry1 to :i* x 0 necess>y to devote "s "t1 z occupy+ a consid]able portion ( ! isl&1 & be+ peculi>ly well adapt$ = villa resid5ces4 ,c4 ,! ,woody or ,gre5 ,c\ntry4 #bjd4 ,! woody1 or gre5 c\ntry1 :i* is next 9 ord]1 0 spok5 ( be=e1 & 0 %[n to be especially our own4 ,! ,elizabe?an 0 po9t$ out z ! /yle peculi>ly belong+ to x2 & f>!r criticism ( t /yle 0 def]r$ until we came to ! consid]ation ( dome/ic build+s provid$ ) ! means ( def5se4 ,we h !re=e at pres5t only to (f] a few rem>ks on ! pr9ciples to be obs]v$ 9 ! erection ( ,elizabe?an villas at ! pres5t day4 #bje4 ,fir/4 ,! build+ mu/ be ei!r q *a/e1 or excessively ri* 9 decoration4 ,e in* ( ornam5t %ort ( a c]ta9 quantity w r5d] ! :ole effect poor & ridicul\s2 :ile ! pure p]p5dicul> l9es ( ?is ar*itecture w always look well if left entirely alone4 ,! ar*itect !re=e1 :5 limit$ z to exp5se1 %\ld cont5t himself ) mak+ 8 oriels project boldly1 *annel+ _! mullions ri*ly1 &1 9 g5]al1 r5d]+ 8 v]tical l9es delicate & beautiful 9 _! workman%ip2 b1 if 8 e/imate be unlimit$1 he %\ld lay on 8 ornam5t ri*ly1 tak+ c>e nev] to confuse ! eye4 ,^? p>ts to :i*1 ( necessity1 obs]vation is especially direct$1 mu/ be f9i%$ s z to be> a close scrut9y1 t ! eye may re/ on !m ) satisfaction3 b _! f9i% mu/ n be ( a "* :i* w\ld h attract$ ! eye by itself1 )\t be+ plac$ 9 a conspicu\s situation2 =1 if x 71 ! unit$ attraction ( =m & detail w\ld conf9e ! contemplation altoge!r to ! p>ts s di/+ui%$1 & r5d] x impossible = ! m9d to receive any impression ( g5]al effect4 ,consequ5tly1 ! p>ts t project1 & are to be> a /rong light1 mu/ be *isel$ ) inf9ite delicacy2 s t ! ornam5t1 ?\gh x w\ld h rema9$ unobs]v$ _h ! eye n be5 guid$ to x1 :5 obs]v$1 may be ( di/+ui%$ beauty & p[]2 b ^? p>ts :i* are to be flat & 9 %ade %\ld be m>k$ ) great %>pness & boldness1 t ! impression may be equaliz$4 ,:51 = in/ance1 we h to d ) oriels1 to :i* att5tion is imm$iately attract$ by _! projection1 we may run wrea?s ( ! f9e/ fl[]-"w up ! mullions1 *>ge ! t]m9ations ) %ields1 & qu>t] !m ri*ly2 b we mu/ jo9 ! w9d[ to ! wall1 :]e its %ad[ falls1 by means ( m deep & decid$ decoration4 #bjf4 ,secondly4 ,9 ! *oice & design ( 8 ornam5ts1 ! ar*itect %\ld endeavor to be grotesque r ?an graceful 7?\gh little bits ( s(t fl[]-"w "h & !re w relieve ! eye73 b he mu/ n imag9e he c be grotesque by c>v+ faces ) holes = eyes & knobs = noses2 on ! contr>y1 :5ev] he mimics grotesque life1 !re %\ld be wit & humor 9 e feature1 fun & frolic 9 e attitude2 e di/ortion %\ld be anatomical1 & e mon/] a /udi$ comb9ation4 ,?is is a "q1 h[ev]1 relat+ m ne>ly to ,go?ic ar*itecture & !re=e we %all n ent] into x at pres5t4#da ,footnote #da3 ,see ,/ones ( ,v5ice1 vol4 ,,iii4 *ap4 iii4 #bjg4 ,?irdly4 ,! gables mu/ on no acc\nt be jagg$ into a succession ( "r angles1 z if p 7 to be p]petually engag$ 9 trott+ up "o side & d[n ! o!r4 ,?is cu/om1 ?\gh sanction$ by au?ority1 has v little apology to (f] = itself1 bas$ on any pr9ciple ( composition4 ,9 /reet effect inde$ x is occasionally useful2 & :]e ! v]ticals bel[ are unbrok5 by ornam5t1 may be us$ ev5 9 ! deta*$ ,elizabe?an1 b n :5 decoration has be5 p]mitt$ bel[4 ,!y %\ld !n be c>ri$ up 9 curv$ l9es1 alt]nat+ ) two angles1 or ?ree at ! mo/1 )\t p9nacles or hipknobs4 ,a holl[ p>apet is f> bett] ?an a battlem5t1 9 ! int]m$iate spaces2 ! latt] inde$ is nev] all[able1 except :5 ! build+ has "s appe>ance ( be+ int5d$ = def5se1 & !re=e is g5]ally b>b>\s 9 ! villa2 :ile ! p>apet admits ( great v>iety ( effect4 #bjh4 ,la/ly4 ,?\gh ! grotesque ( ,elizabe?an ar*itecture is adapt$ = wood c\ntry1 ! grotesque ( ! clipp$ g>d51 :i* frequ5tly accompanies x1 is n4 ,! cu/om ( clipp+ trees into fanta/ic =ms is always to be repreh5d$3 fir/1 because x nev] c produce ! true grotesque1 = ! mat]ial is n passive1 &1 !re=e1 a p]petual s5se ( re/ra9t is induc$1 :ile ! great pr9ciple ( ! grotesque is action2 aga91 because we h a di/9ct p]ception ( two natures1 ! "o neutraliz+ ! o!r2 = ! vegetable organization is too palpable to let ! animal =m sugge/ its true idea2 aga91 because ! great beauty ( all foliage is ! en]gy ( life & action1 ( :i* x loses ! appe>ance by =mal clipp+2 & aga91 because ! h&s ( ! g>d5] w nev] produce any?+ really spirit$ or graceful4 ,mu*1 h[ev]1 ne$ n be said on ?is subject2 = ! ta/e ( ! public does n n[ prompt !m to su* fett]+ ( fair fre$om1 & we %\ld be z sorry to see ! *>act]i/ic ve/iges ( x1 :i* /ill rema9 9 a few g>d5s1 lo/ altoge!r1 z to see ! ?+ aga9 becom+ common4 #bji4 ,! g>d5 ( ! ,elizabe?an villa1 !n1 %\ld be laid out ) a few simple t]races ne> ! h\se1 s z to unite x well ) ! gr\nd2 l9es ( balu/rade along ! edges1 guid$ away into ! foliage ( ! tall] trees ( ! g>d51 ) ! %ad[s fall+ at int]vals4 ,! balu/]s %\ld be squ>e r ?an r\nd1 ) ! angles outw>d2 & if ! balu/rade looks unf9i%$ at ! corn]s1 x may be surm\nt$ by a grotesque bit ( sculpture1 ( any k9d2 b x mu/ be v /rong & deep 9 its c>v$ l9es1 & mu/ n be l>ge2 & all graceful /atues are to be avoid$1 = ! reasons m5tion$ 9 speak+ ( ! ,italian villa3 nei!r is ! t]rac$ "p ( ! g>d5 to ext5d to any di/ance f ! h\se1 nor to h deep flights ( /eps1 = !y are sure to get mossy & slipp]y1 if n sup]9t5d$ ) tr\blesome c>e2 & ! re/ ( ! g>d5 %\ld h m trees ?an fl[]s 9 x4 ,a fl[]-g>d5 is an ugly ?+1 ev5 :5 be/ manag$3 x is an assembly ( un=tunate be+s1 pamp]$ & bloat$ above _! natural size1 /ew$ & heat$ into diseas$ gr[?2 corrupt$ by evil communication into speckl$ & inh>moni\s colors2 torn f ! soil :i* !y lov$1 & ( :i* !y 7 ! _s & ! glory1 to gl>e away _! t]m ( torm5t$ life among ! mix$ & incongru\s ess5ces ( ea* o!r1 9 e>? t !y "k n1 & 9 air t is poison to !m4 #baj4 ,! flori/ may delight 9 ?is3 ! true lov] ( fl[]s nev] w4 ,he :o has tak5 lessons f nature1 :o has obs]v$ ! real purpose & op]ation ( fl[]s2 h[ !y flu% =? f ! brightness ( ! e>?'s be+1 z ! melody rises up f among ! mov$ /r+s ( ! in/rum5t2 h[ ! wildness ( _! pale colors passes ov] h]1 l ! evid5ce ( a v>i\s emotion2 h[ ! quick fire ( _! life & _! delight gl[s along ! gre5 banks1 :]e ! dew falls ! ?icke/1 & ! mi/s ( inc5se pass sl[ly ?r\gh ! twilight ( ! leaves1 & ! int]tw9$ roots make ! e>? tremble ) /range joy at ! feel+ ( _! motion2 he :o has wat*$ ?is w nev] take away ! beauty ( _! be+ to mix into m]etrici\s gl>e1 or fe$ into an exi/5ce ( disease4 ,& ! fl[]-g>d5 is z ugly 9 effect z x is unnatural 9 feel+3 x nev] w h>monize ) any?+1 & if p w h x1 %\ld be kept out ( sight till !y get into x4 #baa4 ,b1 9 lay+ out ! g>d5 :i* is to assi/ ! effect ( ! build+1 we mu/ obs]ve1 & exclusively use1 ! natural comb9ations ( fl[]s4#db ,n[1 z f> z we are aw>e1 blui% purple is ! only fl[] color :i* ,nature ev] uses 9 masses ( di/ant effect2 ?is1 h[ev]1 %e does 9 ! case ( mo/ hea!rs1 ) ! ,rhodod5dron f]rug9eum1 &1 less ext5sively1 ) ! cold] color ( ! wood hyac9?4 ,accord+ly1 ! l>ge rhodod5dron may be us$ to almo/ any ext5t1 9 masses2 ! pale v>ieties ( ! rose m sp>+ly2 &1 on ! turf1 ! wild violet & pansy %\ld be s[n by *ance1 s t !y may gr[ 9 undulations ( color1 & %\ld be reliev$ by a few primroses4 ,all dahlias1 tulips1 ranunculi1 &1 9 g5]al1 :at are call$ flori/'s fl[]s1 %\ld be avoid$ l g>lic4 ,footnote #db3 ,e "o :o is ab\t to lay out a limit$ ext5t ( g>d51 9 :i* he wi%es to introduce _m fl[]s1 %\ld read & att5tively /udy1 fir/ ,%elley1 & next ,%akspe>e4 ,! latt] inde$ induces ! mo/ beautiful connections betwe5 ?\ght & fl[] t c be f\nd 9 ! :ole range ( ,european lit]ature2 b he v (t5 uses ! symbolical effect ( ! fl[]1 :i* x c only h on ! educat$ m9d1 in/ead ( ! natural & true effect ( ! fl[]1 :i* x mu/ h1 m or less1 ^u e m9d4 ,?us1 :5 ,ophelia1 pres5t+ h] wild fl[]s1 says1 ,!re's rosem>y1 t's = remembrance2 pray y1 love1 rememb]3 & !re is pansies1 t's = ?\ghts3 ! inf9ite beauty ( ! passage dep5ds entirely ^u ! arbitr>y mean+ atta*$ to ! fl[]s4 ,b1 :5 ,%elley speaks ( ,! lily ( ! vale1 ,:om y\? makes s fair1 & passion s pale1 ,t ! light ( h] tremul\s bells is se5 ,?r\gh _! pavilion ( t5d] gre51 he is e!realiz+ an impression :i* ! m9d naturally receives f ! fl[]4 ,consequ5tly1 z x is only by _! natural influ5ce t fl[]s c address ! m9d ?r\gh ! eye1 we mu/ read ,%elley1 to le>n h[ to use fl[]s1 & ,%akspe>e1 to le>n to love !m4 ,9 bo? writ]s we f9d ! wild fl[] possess+ s\l z well z life1 & m+l+ its influ5ce mo/ intimately1 l an untaught melody1 ) ! deepe/ & mo/ secret /reams ( human emotion4 #bab4 ,p]haps we %\ld apologize = introduc+ ?is 9 ! ,ar*itectural ,magaz9e2 b x is n out ( place3 ! g>d5 is almo/ a necess>y adjunct ( ! ,elizabe?an villa1 & all g>d5 ar*itecture is utt]ly useless unless x be assi/$ by ! botanical effect4 ,^!1 !n1 are a few ( ! m important pr9ciples ( ar*itecture1 :i* are to be kept 9 view 9 ! blue & 9 ! gre5 c\ntry4 ,! wild1 or gray1 c\ntry is nev] select$1 9 ,brita91 z ! site ( a villa2 &1 !re=e1 x only rema9s = u to (f] a few rem>ks on a subject z difficult z x is int]e/+ & important1 ! ar*itecture ( ! villa 9 ,briti% hill1 or br[n1 c\ntry4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,briti% ,,villa4--,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,composition4 ,d4 ,hill1 or ,br[n ,c\ntry4 ,vivite cont5ti casulis et collibus i/is4--,juv5al xiv4 #agi4 #bac4 ,9 ! ,b\lev>d des ,itali5s1 j at ! turn+ into ! ,rue de la ,paix 79 ,p>is71 !re /& a few dusky & )]$ trees1 beside a k9d ( dry dit*1 pav$ at ! bottom1 into :i* a c>riage c ) "s difficulty desc5d1 & :i* af=ds access 7n 9 an unusual mann]7 to ! gr\nd floor ( a l>ge & dre>y-look+ h\se1 ^: passages are d>k & conf9$1 ^: rooms are limit$ 9 size1 & ^: w9d[s comm& an int]e/+ view ( ! dusky trees be=e m5tion$4 ,?is is ! t[n resid5ce ( "o ( ! ,italian noblem51 ^: c\ntry h\se has already be5 figur$ z a beautiful example ( ! villas ( ! ,lago di ,como4 ,t villa1 h[ev]1 ?\gh 9 "o ( ! lovelie/ situations t hill1 & wave1 & heav5 ev] comb9$ to adorn1 & ?\gh itself "o ( ! mo/ delici\s habitations t luxury ev] project$ or weal? procur$1 is v r>ely honor$ by ! pres5ce ( its ma/]2 :ile attractions ( a v diff]5t nature reta9 him1 w9t] aft] w9t]1 9 ! d>k *amb]s ( ! ,b\lev>d des ,itali5s4 #bad4 ,?is appe>s s+ul> to ! casual travel]1 :o d>ts d[n f ! du/ & heat ( ! ,fr5* capital to ! light & glory ( ! ,italian lakes1 & f9ds ! tall m>ble *amb]s & orange groves1 9 :i* he ?9ks1 7 he possess$ ( !m1 he c\ld luxuriate =ev]1 left desolate & neglect$ by _! real own]2 b1 7 he to try su* a resid5ce = a s+le twelvemon?1 we believe 8 wond] w\ld h greatly dim9i%$ at ! end ( ! "t4 ,= ! m9d ( ! nobleman 9 "q does n diff] f t ( ! av]age ( m52 inasmu* z x is a well-kn[n fact t a s]ies ( sublime impressions1 cont9u$ indef9itely1 gradually pall ^u ! imag9ation1 dead5 its f95ess ( feel+1 & 9 ! end induce a gloomy & morbid /ate ( m9d1 a reaction ( a peculi>ly melan*oly "*1 because consequ5t1 n ^u ! abs5ce ( t :i* once caus$ excitem5t1 b ^u ! failure ( its p[]4#dc ,?is is n ! case ) all m52 b ) ^? ov] :om ! sublimity ( an un*ang+ sc5e c reta9 its p[] =ev]1 we h no?+ to d2 = !y "k bett] ?an any ar*itect c1 h[ to *oose _! sc5e1 & h[ to add to its effect2 we h only to impress ^u !m ! propriety ( ?9k+ be=e !y build1 & ( keep+ _! humors "u ! control ( _! judgm5t4 ,footnote #dc3 ,comp>e ,mod]n ,pa9t]s4 vol4 ,,iii4 *ap4 x4 #ae4 #bae4 ,x is n ( !m1 b ( ! man ( av]age intellect1 t we are ?9k+ ?r\gh\t all ^! pap]s2 & ^u him x _c be too /rongly impress$1 t !re are v few po9ts 9 a hill c\ntry at all adapt$ = a p]man5t resid5ce4 ,!re is a k9d ( in/9ct1 inde$1 by :i* m5 become aw>e ( ?is1 & %r9k f ! /]n] features ( hill sc5]y into ! p>ts possess+ a human int]e/2 & ?us we f9d ! nor? side ( ! ,lake ,leman1 f ,vevay to ,g5eva1 :i* is ab\t z monoton\s a bit ( v9e-c\ntry z any 9 ,europe1 /udd$ ) villas2 :ile ! s\? side1 :i* is z exquisite a piece ( sc5]y z is to be f\nd 9 all ,switz]l&1 possesses1 we ?9k1 two4 ,! in/9ct 9 ?is case is true2 b we frequ5tly f9d x 9 error4 ,?us1 ! ,lake ( ,como is ! resort ( half ,italy1 :ile ! ,lago ,maggiore possesses sc>cely "o villa ( importance1 besides ^? on ! ,borromean ,isl&s4 ,yet ! ,lago ,maggiore is f> bett] adapt$ = produc+ & su/a9+ a pleasurable impression1 ?an t ( ,como4 #baf4 ,! fir/ ?+1 !n1 :i* ! ar*itect has to d 9 hill c\ntry is to br+ 8 employ] d[n f h]oics to common s5se2 to tea* him t1 al?\gh x might be v well = a man l ,pl9y1#dd ^: :ole _s & life 0 wrapt up 9 t ( ,nature1 to set himself d[n "u ! spla% ( a cascade #djj feet high1 su* escapades are n becom+ 9 ,engli% g5tlem52 & t x is necess>y1 = 8 own satisfaction1 z well z t ( o!rs1 t he %\ld keep 9 ! mo/ quiet & lea/ pret5d+ corn]s ( ! l&scape :i* he has *os54 ,footnote #dd3 ,?is passage seems to sugge/ t ! ,villa ,pl9iana on ,como 0 built by ,pl9y4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ! "w ( an antiqu>ian nobleman ( ! ,r5aissance1 & m]ely nam$ aft] ! great naturali/1 :o 0 born1 p]haps1 at ,como1 & m5tions an ebb+ spr+ on ?is site4 #bag4 ,hav+ got 8 employ] well "u control1 he has two po9ts to consid]4 ,fir/1 :]e he w spoil lea/2 &1 secondly1 :]e he w ga9 mo/4 ,n[ he may spoil a l&scape 9 two ways3 ei!r by de/roy+ an association connect$ ) x1 or a beauty inh]5t 9 x4 ,) ! fir/ b>b>ism we h no?+ to d2 = x is "o :i* w\ld n be p]mitt$ on a l>ge scale2 & ev5 if x 71 c\ld n be p]petrat$ by any man ( ! slighte/ education4 ,no "o1 hav+ any pret5sions to be call$ a human be+1 w\ld build himself a h\se on ! mead[ ( ! ,rtli1 or by ! f>m ( ,la ,haye ,sa9te1 or on ! lonely isle on ,lo* ,katr9e4 ,( ! inju/ice ( ! second b>b>ism we h spok5 already2 & x is ! object ( ?is pap] to %[ h[ x may be avoid$1 z well z to develop ! pr9ciples by :i* we may be guid$ 9 ! second "q2 t ( asc]ta9+ h[ mu* p]man5t pleasure w be receiv$ f ! contemplation ( a giv5 sc5e4 #bah4 ,x is v =tunate t ! result ( ^! sev]al inve/igations w g5]ally be f\nd ! same4 ,! resid5ce :i* 9 ! end is f\nd altoge!r delightful1 w be f\nd to h be5 plac$ :]e x has committ$ no injury2 & !re=e ! be/ way ( consult+ our own conv5i5ce 9 ! end is1 to consult ! feel+s ( ! spectator 9 ! beg9n+4#de ,n[1 ! fir/ gr& rule = ! *oice ( situation is1 nev] to build a villa :]e ! gr\nd is n ri*ly productive4 ,x is n en\gh t x %\ld be capable ( produc+ a crop ( scanty oats or turnips 9 a f9e season2 x mu/ be ri* & luxuriant1 & gl[+ ) vegetative p[] ( "o k9d or ano!r4#df ,= ! v *iefe/#dg "p ( ! "* ( ! edifice ( pleasure is1 & mu/ be1 its p]fect ease1 its appe>ance ( felicit\s repose4 ,?is x c nev] h :]e ! nature & expression ( ! l& ne> x rem9ds u ( ! necessity ( labor1 & :]e ! e>? is nigg>dly ( all t con/itutes its beauty & our pleasure2 ?is x c only h :]e ! pres5ce ( man seems ! natural consequ5ce ( an ample provision = 8 enjoym5t1 n ! cont9u\s /ruggle ( suff]+ exi/5ce ) a rude heav5 & rugg$ soil4 ,!re is nobility 9 su* a /ruggle1 b n :5 x is ma9ta9$ by ! inhabitant ( ! villa1 9 :om x is unnatural1 & !re=e injuri\s 9 its effect4 ,! n>r[ cottage on ! desolate moor1 or ! /alw>t hospice on ! cre/ ( ! ,alps1 ea* leaves an ennobl+ impression ( en]gy & endurance2 b ! possessor ( ! villa %\ld call1 n ^u our admiration1 b ^u our sympa?y2 & 8 function is to deep5 ! impression ( ! beauty & ! fullness ( creation1 n to exhibit ! maje/y ( man2 to %[1 9 ! int]c\rse ( e>? & h] *ildr51 n h[ h] sev]ity may be mock$ by _! h]oism1 b h[ h] b\nty may be honor$ 9 _! enjoym5t4 ,footnote #de3 ,= in/ance1 "o proprietor t]rifies ! l&scape all r\nd him1 )9 a range ( ?ree miles1 by ! conspicu\s position ( 8 habitation2 & is puni%$ by f9d+ t1 f :atev] qu>t] ! w9d may bl[1 x s5ds 9 "s ( 8 plate-glass4 ,ano!r spoils a pretty bit ( crag by build+ bel[ x1 & has two or ?ree tons ( /one dropp$ ?r\gh 8 ro(1 ! fir/ fro/y night4 ,ano!r occupies ! turfy slope ( "s s(t lake promontory1 & has 8 cook wa%$ away by ! fir/ flood4 ,we d n rememb] ev] hav+ se5 a dwell+-h\se de/roy+ ! effect ( a l&scape1 ( :i*1 consid]$ m]ely z a habitation1 we %\ld wi% to be ! possessor4 ,footnote #df3 ,we are n ?9k+ ( ! effect ^u ! human frame ( ! air :i* is favorable to vegetation4 ,*emically consid]$1 ! brac+ breeze ( ! m /]ile soil is ! mo/ conducive to heal?1 & is practically s1 :5 ! frame is n p]petually expos$ to x2 b ! ke5ness :i* *ecks ! gr[? ( ! plant is1 9 all probability1 try+1 to say ! lea/1 to ! con/itution ( a resid5t4 ,footnote #dg3 ,we hope ! ,engli% language may long reta9 ?is corrupt b en]getic sup]lative4 #bai4 ,?is position1 be+ once grant$1 w save u a great deal ( tr\ble2 = x w put out ( our way1 z totally unfit = villa resid5ce1 n9e-t5?s ( all m\nta9 sc5]y2 beg9n+ ) su* bleak & /ormy bits ( hillside z t :i* 0 metamorphos$ into some?+ l a =e/ by ! au?or ( ,wav]ley2 lay+ an equal veto on all ! sev]e l&scapes ( su* di/ricts ( m9or m\nta9s z ! ,scot* ,highl&s & ,nor? ,wales2 & f9i%+ by sett+ aside all ! high] sublimity ( ,alp & ,ap5n9e4 ,:at1 !n1 has x left u8 ,! g5tle slope ( ! lake %ore1 & ! spread+ p>ts ( ! quiet valley 9 almo/ all sc5]y2 & ! %ores ( ! ,cumb]l& lakes 9 our own1 di/+ui%$ z !y are by a ri*ness ( soil1 :i*1 ?\gh g5]ally manife/$ only 9 an exquisite s(tness ( pa/ure & r\ndness ( undulation1 is suffici5tly evid5t to place !m out ( ! sweep+ range ( ?is veto4 #bbj4 ,n[1 z we h only to d ) ,brita9 at pres5t1 we %all direct p>ticul> att5tion to ! ,cumb]l& lakes1 z !y are ! only m\nta9 di/rict :i*1 tak5 g5]ally1 is adapt$ = ! villa resid5ce1 & z e piece ( sc5]y1 :i* 9 o!r di/ricts is s adapt$1 resembles !m 9 "* & tone4 ,we notic$1 9 speak+ ( ! ,we/morel& cottage1 ! feel+ ( humility ) :i* we are impress$ dur+ a m\nta9 ramble4 ,n[1 x is ne>ly impossible = a villa ( l>ge size1 h[ev] plac$1 n to di/urb & int]rupt ?is necess>y & beautiful impression1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! sc5]y is on a v small scale4 ,?is disadvantage may be obviat$ 9 "s degree1 z we %all see1 by simplicity ( ar*itecture2 b ano!r1 dep5d5t on a "q ( proportion1 is inevitable4 #bba4 ,:5 an object1 9 :i* magnitude is a desirable attribute1 leaves an impression1 on a practic$ eye1 ( less magnitude ?an x really possesses1 we %\ld place objects beside x1 ( ^: magnitude we c satisfy ourselves1 ( l>g] size ?an t :i* we are accu/om$ to2 =1 by f9d+ ^! l>ge objects 9 precisely ! proportion to ! gr& object1 to :i* we are accu/om$1 :ile we "k _! actual size to be "o to :i* we are n accu/om$1 we become aw>e ( ! true magnitude ( ! pr9cipal feature4 ,b :]e ! object leaves a true impression ( its size on ! practic$ eye1 we %all d h>m by r5d]+ m9or objects ei!r l>g] or small] ?an !y usually are4 ,:]e ! object leaves an impression ( great] magnitude ?an x really possesses1 we mu/ r5d] ! m9or objects small] ?an !y usually are1 to prev5t our be+ undeceiv$4 #bbb4 ,n[1 a m\nta9 ( #ae1jjj feet high always looks l[] ?an x really is2 !re=e ! l>g] ! build+s ne> x are r5d]$1 ! bett]4 ,?us1 9 speak+ ( ! ,swiss cottage1 x 0 obs]v$ t a build+ ( ! size ( ,/4 ,pet]'s 9 its place1 w\ld exhibit ! size ( ! m\nta9s m truly & /rik+ly4 ,a m\nta9 #gjjj feet high /rikes its impression ) great tru?2 we are deceiv$ on nei!r side2 !re=e ! build+ ne> x %\ld be ( ! av]age size2 & ?us ! villas ( ! ,lago di ,como1 be+ among hills f #fjjj to #hjjj feet high1 are well proportion$1 be+ nei!r colossal nor dim9utive3 b a m\nta9 #cjjj feet high always looks high] ?an x really is2#dh !re=e ! build+s ne> x %\ld be small] ?an ! av]age4 ,& ?is is :at is meant by ! proportion ( objects2 namely1 r5d]+ !m ( su* relative size z %all produce ! greate/ possible impression ( ^? attributes :i* are mo/ desirable 9 bo?4 ,x is n ! true1 b ! desirable impression :i* is to be convey$2 & x mu/ n be 9 "o1 b 9 bo?3 ! build+ mu/ n be ov]:elm$ by ! mass ( ! m\nta91 nor ! precipice mock$ by ! elevation ( ! cottage4 7,proportion ( color is a "q ( q a diff]5t nature1 dep5d5t m]ely on admixture & comb9ation74 ,footnote #dh3 ,?is position1 z well z ! two prec$+1 is important1 & 9 ne$ ( confirmation4 ,x has (t5 be5 obs]v$1 t1 :5 ! eye is altoge!r unpractic$ 9 e/imat+ elevation1 x believes e po9t to be l[] ?an x really is2 b ?is does n militate aga9/ ! proposition1 = x is also well kn[n1 t ! high] ! po9t1 ! great] ! deception4 ,b :5 ! eye is ?or\ghly practic$ 9 m\nta9 measurem5t1 al?\gh ! judgm5t1 argu+ f te*nical k1 gives a true result1 ! impression on ! feel+s is always at v>iance ) x1 except 9 hills ( ! middle height4 ,we are p]petually a/oni%$1 9 our own c\ntry1 by ! sublime impression left by su* hills z ,skiddaw1 or ,cad] ,idris1 or ,b5 ,v5ue2 p]petually vex$1 9 ,switz]l&1 by f9d+ t1 sett+ aside circum/ances ( =m & color1 ! ab/ract impression ( elevation is 7except 9 "s mom5ts ( peculi> effect1 wor? a k+'s ransom7 inf]ior to ! tru?4 ,we 7 /&+ ! o!r day on ! slope ( ! ,brev5t1 above ! ,prieur ( ,*am\ni1 ) a companion1 well practic$ 9 climb+ ,highl& hills1 b a /rang] among ! ,alps4 ,po9t+ out a rock above ! ,glaci] des ,bossons1 we reque/$ an op9ion ( its height4 ,i %\ld ?9k1 0 ! reply1 ,i c\ld climb x 9 two /eps2 b ,i am too well us$ to hills to be tak5 9 9 t way2 x is at lea/ #dj feet4 ,! real height 0 #dgj feet4 ,?is deception is attributable to sev]al causes 7indep5d5tly ( ! cle>ness ( ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! object is se571 :i* x w\ld be out ( place to discuss "h1 b ! *ief ( :i* is ! natural t5d5cy ( ! feel+s always to believe objects subt5d+ ! same angle to be ( ! same height4 ,we say ! feel+s1 n ! eye2 = ! practic$ eye nev] betrays its possessor1 ?\gh ! due & correspond+ m5tal impression is n receiv$4 #bbc4 ,= ^! reasons1 build+s ( a v l>ge size are decid$ly de/ructive ( effect among ! ,engli% lakes3 fir/1 because app>5t altitudes are mu* dim9i%$ by !m2 &1 secondly1 because1 :atev] position !y may be plac$ 91 in/ead ( comb9+ ) sc5]y1 !y occupy & ov]:elm x2 = all sc5]y is divid$ into pieces1 ea* ( :i* has a ne> bit ( beauty1 a promontory ( li*5$ crag1 or a smoo? sw>d$ knoll1 or some?+ ( ! k9d1 to beg9 )4 ,:]ev] ! l>ge villa comes1 x takes up "o ( ^! beg9n+s ( l&scape altoge!r2 & ! p>ts ( crag or wood1 :i* ought to comb9e ) x1 become subs]vi5t to x1 & lo/ 9 its g5]al effect2 t is1 ord9>ily1 9 a g5]al effect ( ugl9ess4 ,?is %\ld nev] be ! case3 h[ev] intr9sically beautiful ! edifice may be1 x %\ld assi/1 b n sup]s$e2 jo91 b n eclipse2 appe>1 b n intrude4 #bbd4 ,! g5]al rule by :i* we are to det]m9e ! size is1 to select ! l>ge/ mass :i* w n ov]:elm any object ( f9e =m1 )9 two hundr$ y>ds ( x2 & if x does n d ?is1 we may be q sure x is n too l>ge = ! di/ant features3 = x is "o ( ,nature's mo/ beautiful adaptations1 t %e is nev] out ( proportion ) h]self2 t is1 ! m9or details ( sc5]y ( ! fir/ class be> exactly ! proportion to ! same species ( detail 9 sc5]y ( ! second class1 t ! l>ge features ( ! fir/ be> to ! l>ge features ( ! second4 ,e m9]alogi/ kn[s t ! qu>tz ( ! ,/4 ,go?>d is z mu* l>g] 9 its cry/al ?an ! qu>tz ( ,sn[don1 z ! peak ( ! "o m\nta9 ov]tops ! peak ( ! o!r2 & t ! cry/als ( ! ,&es are l>g] ?an ei!r4#di ,e arti/ kn[s t ! b[ld]s ( an ,alp9e =egr\nd1 & ! leaps ( an ,alp9e /ream1 are z mu* l>g] ?an ! b[ld]s1 & z mu* bold] ?an ! leaps1 ( a ,cumb]l& =egr\nd & torr5t1 z ! ,jungfrau is high] ?an ,skiddaw4 ,!re=e1 if we take c>e ( ! ne> effect 9 any c\ntry1 we ne$ nev] be afraid ( ! di/ant4 ,footnote #di3 ,?is is r a bold ass]tion2 & we %\ld be sorry to ma9ta9 ! fact z univ]sal2 b ! cry/als ( almo/ all ! r>] m9]als are l>g] 9 ! l>g] m\nta92 & t altoge!r indep5d5tly ( ! p]iod ( elevation1 :i*1 9 ! case ( ,mont ,blanc1 is lat] ?an t ( our own ,m5dips4 #bbe4 ,= ^! reasons1 ! cottage villa1 r ?an ! mansion1 is to be pref]r$ among our hills3 x has be5 pref]r$ 9 _m in/ances1 & 9 too _m1 ) an un=tunate result2 = ! cottage villa is precisely t :i* af=ds ! greate/ scope = practical absurdity4 ,symmetry1 proportion1 & "s degree ( simplicity1 are usually kept 9 view 9 ! l>ge build+2 b1 9 ! small]1 ! ar*itect consid]s himself lic5s$ to try all sorts ( exp]im5ts1 & jumbles toge!r pieces ( imitation1 tak5 at r&om f 8 note-book1 z c>elessly z a bad *emi/ mix+ elem5ts1 f :i* he may by accid5t obta9 some?+ new1 ?\gh ! *ances are t5 to "o t he obta9s some?+ useless4 ,! *emi/1 h[ev]1 is m innoc5t ?an ! ar*itect2 = ! "o ?r[s 8 tra% out ( ! w9d[1 if ! comp\nd fail2 :ile ! o!r always ?9ks 8 conceit too good to be lo/4 ,! great "o cause ( all ! errors 9 ?is bran* ( ar*itecture is1 ! pr9ciple ( imitation1 at once ! mo/ baneful & ! mo/ un9tellectual1 yet p]haps ! mo/ natural1 t ! human m9d c enc\rage or act ^u4#ej ,let x once be ?or\ghly root$ out1 & ! cottage villa w become a beautiful & int]e/+ elem5t ( our l&scape4 ,footnote #ej3 ,9 #aff we notic$ ! k9d ( error mo/ common 9 amateur designs1 & we trac$ t error to its great fir/ cause1 ! assumption ( ! humor1 in/ead ( ! true "*1 = a guide2 b we did n suffici5tly specify ! mode 9 :i* t fir/ cause op]at$1 by prompt+ to imitation4 ,by imitation we d n mean accurate copy+1 nei!r d we mean work+ "u ! influ5ce ( ! feel+s by :i* we may suppose ! orig9ators ( a giv5 model to h be5 actuat$2 b we mean ! int]m$iate /ep ( endeavor+ to comb9e old mat]ials 9 a novel mann]4 ,true copy+ may be disda9$ by ar*itects1 b x %\ld n be disda9$ by nations2 = :5 ! feel+s ( ! "t 9 :i* c]ta9 /yles _h _! orig9 h pass$ away1 any examples ( ! same /yle w inv>iably be failures1 unless !y be copies4 ,x is utt] absurdity to talk ( build+ ,greek edifices n[2 no man ev] w1 or ev] c1 :o does n believe 9 ! ,greek my?ology2 &1 precisely by s mu* z he div]ges f ! te*nicality ( /rict copyism1 he w err4 ,b we ought to h pieces ( ,greek ar*itecture1 z we h repr9ts ( ! mo/ valuable records1 & x is bett] to build a new ,p>!non ?an to set up ! old "o4 ,let ! du/ & ! desolation ( ! ,acropolis be undi/urb$ =ev]2 let !m be left to be ! s*ool ( our moral feel+s1 n ( our me*anical p]ceptions2 ! l9e & rule ( ! pry+ c>p5t] %\ld n come into ! quiet & holy places ( ! e>?4 ,else:]e1 we may build m>ble models = ! education ( ! national m9d & eye2 b x is useless to ?9k ( adapt+ ! ar*itecture ( ! ,greek to ! purposes ( ! ,frank2 x nev] has be5 done1 & nev] w be4 ,we delight1 inde$1 9 obs]v+ ! rise ( su* a build+ z ,la ,madele9e3 beautiful1 because accurately copi$2 useful1 z tea*+ ! eye ( e pass]-by4 ,b we mu/ n ?9k ( its purpose2 x is :olly unadapt$ = ,*ri/ian wor%ip2 & 7 x z bad ,greek z our ,national ,gall]y1 x w\ld be equally unfit4 ,! mi/ake ( our ar*itects 9 g5]al is1 t !y fancy !y are speak+ good ,engli% by speak+ bad ,greek4 ,we wi%1 !re=e1 t copy+ 7 m 9 vogue ?an x is4 ,b imitation1 ! endeavor to be ,go?ic1 or ,tyrolese1 or ,v5etian1 )\t ! slighte/ gra9 ( ,go?ic or ,v5etian feel+2 ! futile ef=t to spla% a build+ into age1 or daub x into dignity1 to zigzag x into sanctity1 or slit x into f]ocity1 :5 its %ell is nei!r anci5t nor dignifi$1 & its _s nei!r prie/ly nor b>onial1--?is is ! degrad+ vice ( ! age2 fo/]$1 z if man's reason 7 b a /ep betwe5 ! bra9s ( a kitt5 & a monkey1 9 ! mix$ love ( despicable excitem5t & mis]able mimicry4 ,if ! ,engli% h no imag9ation1 !y %\ld n scorn to be commonplace2 or r !y %\ld rememb] t pov]ty _c be disguis$ by begg>ly borr[+1 t x may be ennobl$ by calm indep5d5ce4 ,our national ar*itecture nev] w improve until our population are g5]ally conv9c$ t 9 ?is art1 z 9 all o!rs1 !y _c seem :at !y _c be4 ,! sc>let coat or ! turn$-d[n coll>1 :i* ! obsequi\s portrait-pa9t] puts on ! %\ld]s & (f ! necks ( 8 savage or insane cu/om]s1 nev] c make ! 'pr5tice look milit>y1 or ! idiot poetical2 & ! ar*itectural appurt5ances ( ,norman embrasure or ,v]onaic balcony mu/ be equally ineffective1 until !y c turn %opkeep]s into b>ons1 & s*oolgirls into ,juliets4 ,let ! national m9d be elevat$ 9 its "*1 & x w naturally become pure 9 its conceptions2 let x be simple 9 its desires1 & x w be beautiful 9 its ideas2 let x be mode/ 9 feel+1 & x w n be insol5t 9 /one4 ,= ar*itect & = employ]1 !re c be b "o rule2 to be natural 9 all t !y d1 & to look = ! beauty ( ! mat]ial creation z !y w\ld = t ( ! human =m1 n 9 ! *anceful & *ang+ disposition ( artificial decoration1 b 9 ! manife/ation ( ! pure & animat+ _s :i* keeps x f ! coldness ( ! grave4 ,) ?is rem>kable =e%ad[+ ( ,mr4 ,rusk9's ,art-tea*+ comp>e ,sev5 ,lamps & ,lectures on ,ar*itecture & ,pa9t+1 ?r\gh\t4 #bbf4 ,s mu* = size4 ,! "q ( position ne$ n deta9 u long1 z ! pr9ciples advanc$ 9 #ajd are true g5]ally1 ) "o exception4 ,beautiful & calm ! situation mu/ always be1 b--9 ,engl&--n conspicu\s4 ,9 ,italy1 ! dwell+ ( ! desc5dants ( ^? ^: =m] life has be/[$ on e sc5e ! great] "p ( ! maje/y :i* x possesses1 ought to h a dignity inh]5t 9 x1 :i* w\ld be %am$ by %r9k+ back f ! sight ( m51 & maje/y en\gh to prev5t su* non-retirem5t f becom+ intrusive2 b ! _s ( ! ,engli% l&scape is simple1 & pa/oral & mild1 devoid1 also1 ( high associations 7= 9 ! ,highl&s & ,wales almo/ e spot :i* has ! pride ( memory is unfit = villa resid5ce72 &1 !re=e1 all conspicu\s appe>ance ( its m weal?y inhabitants becomes o/5tation1 n dignity2 impud5ce1 n condesc5sion4 ,_! dwell+s ought to be j evid5t1 & no m1 z =m+ "p ( ! g5tle animation & pres5t prosp]ity :i* is ! beauty ( cultivat$ gr\nd4 ,& ?is p>tial concealm5t may be effect$ )\t any sacrifice ( ! prospect :i* ! proprietor w insi/ ^u comm&+ f 8 w9d[s1 & ) great accession to 8 p]man5t enjoym5t4 #bbg4 ,=1 fir/1 ! only prospect :i* is really desirable or delightful1 is t f ! w9d[ ( ! breakfa/-room4 ,?is is r a bold position1 b x w appe> evid5t on a little consid]ation4 ,x is pleasant en\gh to h a pretty little bit visible f ! b$rooms2 b1 aft] all1 x only makes g5tlem5 cut !mselves 9 %av+1 & ladies nev] ?9k ( any?+ b5ea? ! sun :5 !y are dress+4 ,!n1 9 ! d9+-room1 w9d[s are absolutely useless1 because d9n] is always uncom=table by daylight1 & ! weight ( furniture effect :i* adapts ! room = ! ga/ronomic rites1 r5d]s x dete/able z a sitt+-room4 ,9 ! libr>y1 p %\ld h some?+ else to d1 ?an look+ out ( ! w9d[s2 9 ! draw+-room1 ! uncom=table /illness ( ! qu>t] ( an h\r be=e d9n]1 may1 inde$1 be alleviat$ by hav+ some?+ to conv]se ab\t at ! w9d[s3 b x is v %ameful to spoil a prospect ( any k9d1 by look+ at x :5 we are n ourselves 9 a /ate ( corporal com=t & m5tal good-humor1 :i* nobody c be aft] ! labor ( ! day1 & be=e he has be5 f$4 ,b ! breakfa/-room1 :]e we meet ! fir/ light ( ! dewy day1 ! fir/ brea? ( ! morn+ air1 ! fir/ glance ( g5tle eyes2 to :i* we desc5d 9 ! v spr+ & ela/icity ( m5tal r5ovation & bodily en]gy1 9 ! ga!r+ up ( our _s = ! new day1 9 ! flu% ( our awak5+ f ! d>kness & ! my/]y ( fa9t & inactive dream+1 9 ! resurrection f our daily grave1 9 ! fir/ tremul\s s5sation ( ! beauty ( our be+1 9 ! mo/ glori\s p]ception ( ! lightn+ ( our life2 !re1 inde$1 our expatiation ( _s1 :5 x meets ! pulse ( outw>d s\nd & joy1 ! voice ( bird & breeze & bill[1 does dem& "s p[] ( lib]ty1 "s space = its go+ =? into ! morn+1 "s fre$om ( int]c\rse ) ! lovely & limitless en]gy ( creature & creation4 #bbh4 ,! breakfa/-room mu/ h a prospect1 & an ext5sive "o2 ! hot roll & hyson are indiscussable except "u su* sweet circum/ances4 ,b he mu/ be an awkw>d ar*itect :o _c af=d an op5+ to "o w9d[ )\t ?r[+ ! :ole mass ( ! build+ op5 to public view2 p>ticul>ly z1 9 ! second place1 ! ess5ce ( a good w9d[ view is ! break+ out ( ! di/ant features 9 little well-compos$ morceaux1 n ! g5]al gl>e ( a mass ( "o tone4 ,h we a l9e ( lake8 ! silv] wat] mu/ glance out "h & !re among ! trunks ( ne> trees1 j en\gh to %[ :]e x fl[s2 !n break into an op5 swell ( wat]1 j :]e x is wide/1 or :]e ! %ore is prettie/4 ,h we m\nta9s8 _! peaks mu/ appe> ov] foliage or ?r\gh x1 ! highe/ & bolde/ cat*+ ! eye conspicu\sly1 yet n se5 f base to summit1 z if we want$ to measure !m4 ,su* a prospect z ?is is always compatible ) z mu* concealm5t z we *oose4 ,9 all ^! pieces ( managem5t1 ! ar*itect's *ief enemy is ! vanity ( 8 employ]1 :o w always want to see m ?an he ought to see1 & ?an he w h pleasure 9 see+1 )\t reflect+ h[ ! spectators pay = 8 peep+4 #bbi4 ,s mu*1 !n1 = position4 ,we h n[ only to settle ! que/ions ( =m & color1 & we %all !n h clos$ ! mo/ tiresome inve/igation :i* we %all be call$ ^u to ent] into2 inasmu* z ! pr9ciples :i* we may arrive at 9 consid]+ ! ar*itecture ( def5se1#ea ?\gh we hope !y may be useful 9 ! ab/ract1 w dem& no application to native l&scape1 9 :i*1 happily1 no def5se is n[ requir$2 & ^? relat+ to sacr$ edifices w1 we also hope1 be susceptible ( m int]e/ ?an c possibly be excit$ by ! mo/ degrad$ bran* ( ! :ole art ( ar*itecture1 "o h>dly wor?y ( be+ includ$ "u ! "n--t1 namely1 ) :i* we h lately be5 occupi$1 ^: o/5sible object is ! m]e provision ( %elt] & com=t = ! despicable %ell )9 ^: d>kness & corruption t purity ( p]ception to :i* all high art is address$ is1 dur+ its immaturity1 conf9$4 ,footnote #ea3 ,ref]r+ aga9 to ! int5d$ sequel4 #bcj4 ,!re are two modes 9 :i* any m5tal or mat]ial effect may be increas$--by contra/1 or by assimilation4 ,suppos+ t we h a c]ta9 numb] ( features or exi/5ces "u a giv5 influ5ce2 !n1 by subject+ ano!r feature to ! same influ5ce1 we increase ! univ]sality1 & !re=e ! effect1 ( t influ5ce2 b by introduc+ ano!r feature1 n "u ! same influ5ce1 we r5d] ! subjection ( ! o!r features m palpable1 & !re=e m effective4 ,= example1 let ! influ5ce be "o ( %ade1 to :i* a c]ta9 numb] ( objects are subject$4 ,we add ano!r feature1 subject$ to ! same influ5ce1 & we increase ! g5]al impression ( %ade2 we add ! same feature1 n subject$ to ?is influ5ce1 & we h deep5$ ! effect ( %ade4 ,n[1 ! pr9ciples by :i* we are to be guid$ 9 ! selection ( "o or o!r ( ^! means are ( great importance1 & mu/ be develop$ be=e we c conclude ! inve/igation ( villa ar*itecture4 #bca4 ,! impression produc$ by a giv5 effect or influ5ce dep5ds ^u its degree & its duration4 ,degree always means ! proportionate en]gy ex]t$4 ,duration is ei!r into "t1 or into space1 or into bo?4 ,! duration ( color is 9 space alone1 =m+ :at is commonly call$ ext5t4 ,! duration ( s\nd is 9 space & "t2 ! space be+ 9 ! size ( ! waves ( air1 :i* give dep? to ! tone4 ,! duration ( m5tal emotion is 9 "t alone4 ,n[ 9 all influ5ces1 z is ! degree1 s is ! impression2 z is ! duration1 s is ! effect ( ! impression2 t is1 its p]man5t op]ation ^u ! feel+s1 or ! viol5ce ) :i* x takes possession ( our own faculties & s5ses1 z oppos$ to ! ab/ract impression ( its exi/5ce1 )\t su* op]ation on our own ess5ce4 ,= example1 ! natural t5d5cy ( d>kness or %ade is to induce fe> or melan*oly4 ,n[1 z ! degree ( ! %ade1 s is ! ab/ract impression ( ! exi/5ce ( %ade2 b z ! duration ( %ade1 s is ! fe> or melan*oly excit$ by x4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 we wi% to increase ! ab/ract impression ( ! p[] ( any influ5ce ov] objects ) :i* we h no connection1 we mu/ increase degree2 b1 :5 we wi% ! impression to produce a p]man5t effect ^u ourselves1 we mu/ increase duration4 ,n[1 degree is always increas$ by contra/1 & duration by assimilation4 ,a few in/ances ( ?is w be suffici5t4 #bcb4 ,blue is call$ a cold color1 because x induces a feel+ ( coolness to ! eye1 & is mu* us$ by nature 9 h] cold effects4 ,suppos+ t we h pa9t$ a /orm sc5e1 9 desolate c\ntry1 ) a s+le mis]able cottage some:]e 9 front2 t we h made ! atmosph]e & ! di/ance cold & blue1 & wi% to height5 ! com=tless impression4 ,!re is an old rag hang+ out ( ! w9d[3 %all x be r$ or blue8 ,if x be r$1 ! piece ( w>m color w contra/ /rongly ) ! atmosph]e2 w r5d] its blu5ess & *ill9ess imm5sely m app>5t2 w increase ! degree ( bo?1 &1 !re=e1 ! ab/ract impression ( ! exi/5ce ( cold4 ,b1 if x be blue1 x w br+ ! ic9ess ( ! di/ance up into ! =egr\nd2 w fill ! :ole visible space ) com=tless cold2 w take away e relief f ! desolation2 w increase ! duration ( ! influ5ce1 &1 consequ5tly1 w ext5d its op]ation into ! m9d & feel+s ( ! spectator1 :o w %iv] z he looks4 ,n[1 if we are mak+ a picture1 we %all n hesitate a mom5t3 9 goes ! r$2 = ! arti/1 :ile he wi%es to r5d] ! actual impression ( ! pres5ce ( cold 9 ! l&scape z /rong z possible1 does n wi% t *ill9ess to pass ov] into1 or affect1 ! spectator1 b endeavors to make ! comb9ation ( color z delightful to 8 eye & feel+s z possible4#eb ,b1 if we are pa9t+ a sc5e = !atrical repres5tation1 :]e deception is aim$ at1 we %all be z decid$ 9 our proce$+ on ! opposite pr9ciple3 9 goes ! blue2 = we wi% ! idea ( cold to pass ov] into ! spectator1 & make him s uncom=table z to p]mit 8 fancy to place him di/9ctly 9 ! place we desire1 9 ! actual sc5e4 ,footnote #eb3 ,?is diff]5ce ( pr9ciple is "o lead+ di/9ction betwe5 ! arti/1 prop]ly s call$1 & ! sc5e1 diorama1 or panorama pa9t]4 #bcc4 ,aga91 ,%akspe>e has be5 blam$ by "s few critical asses = ! raill]y ( ,m]cutio1 & ! humor ( ! nurse1 9 ,romeo & ,juliet2 = ! fool 9 ,le>2 = ! port] 9 ,macbe?2 ! grave-digg]s 9 ,hamlet1 etc42 because1 x is said1 ^! bits int]rupt ! tragic feel+4 ,no su* ?+2 !y enhance x to an incalculable ext5t2 !y deep5 its degree1 ?\gh !y dim9i% its duration4 ,& :at is ! result8 t ! impression ( ! agony ( ! individuals br\ght be=e u is f> /rong] ?an x c\ld o!rwise h be51 & our sympa?ies are m =cibly awak5$2 :ile1 _h ! contra/ be5 want+1 ! impression ( pa9 w\ld h come ov] into ourselves1 our selfi% feel+1 in/ead ( our sympa?y1 w\ld h be5 awak5$2 ! conception ( ! grief ( o!rs dim9i%$2 & ! trag$y w\ld h made u v uncom=table1 b nev] h melt$ u to te>s or excit$ u to indignation4 ,:5 he1 ^: m]ry & satirical laugh rung 9 our e>s ! mom5t be=e1 fa9ts be=e u1 ) a plague o' bo? y\r h\ses1 !y h made worms' meat ( me1 ! acut5ess ( our feel+ is excessive3 b1 _h we n he>d ! laugh be=e1 !re w\ld h be5 a dull weight ( melan*oly impression1 :i* w\ld h be5 pa9ful1 n affect+4 #bcd4 ,h5ce1 we see ! gr& importance ( ! *oice ( our means ( enhanc+ effect1 & we d]ive ! simple rule = t *oice1 namely1 t1 :5 we wi% to increase ab/ract impression1 or to call ^u ! sympa?y ( ! spectator1 we are to use contra/2 b1 :5 we wi% to ext5d ! op]ation ( ! impression1 or to awak5 ! selfi% feel+s1 we are to use assimilation4 ,?is rule1 h[ev]1 becomes complicat$1 :]e ! feature ( contra/ is n altoge!r passive2 t is1 :]e we wi% to give a conception ( any qualities inh]5t 9 t feature1 z well z 9 :at x relieves2 &1 besides1 x is n always easy to "k :e!r x w be be/ to increase ! ab/ract idea1 or its op]ation4 ,9 mo/ cases1 en]gy1 ! degree ( influ5ce1 is beauty2 &1 9 _m1 ! duration ( influ5ce is monotony4 ,9 o!rs1 duration is sublimity1 & en]gy pa9ful3 9 a few1 en]gy & duration are atta9able & delightful toge!r4 #bce4 ,x is impossible to give rules = judgm5t 9 e case2 b ! foll[+ po9ts mu/ always be obs]v$3--,fir/1 :5 we use contra/1 x mu/ be natural & likely to occur4 ,?us ! contra/ 9 trag$y is ! natural consequ5ce ( ! "* ( human exi/5ce2 x is :at we see & feel e day ( our lives4 ,:5 a contra/ is unnatural1 x de/roys ! effect x %\ld enhance4 ,cann+ call$ on a ,fr5* refugee 9 #agid4 ,! conv]sation naturally turn$ on ! execution ( ! ,que51 !n a rec5t ev5t4 ,ov]come by 8 feel+s1 ! ,p>isian ?rew himself ^u ! gr\nd1 exclaim+1 9 an agony ( te>s1 ,la bonne re9e6 la pauvre re9e6 ,pres5tly he sprang up1 exclaim+1 ,cep5dant1 ,monsieur1 il faut v\s faire voir mon petit *i5 dans]4 ,?is contra/1 ?\gh natural 9 a ,p>isian1 0 unnatural 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 & !re=e injuri\s4 #bcf4 ,secondly1 :5 ! g5]al influ5ce1 in/ead ( be+ ext]nal1 is an attribute or en]gy ( ! ?+ itself1 s z to be/[ on x a p]man5t "*1 ! contra/ :i* is obta9$ by ! abs5ce ( t "* is injuri\s1 & becomes :at is call$ an int]ruption ( ! unity4 ,?us1 ! raw & colorless tone ( ! ,swiss cottage1 notic$ 9 #db1 is an injuri\s contra/ to ! ri*ness ( ! l&scape1 :i* is an inh]5t & necess>y en]gy 9 surr\nd+ objects4 ,s1 ! "* ( ,italian l&scape is curvil9e>2 !re=e1 ! outl9e ( ! build+s ent]+ into its composition mu/ be arrang$ on curvil9e> pr9ciples1 z inve/igat$ 9 #add4 #bcg4 ,?irdly4 ,b1 if ! p]vad+ "* c be obta9$ 9 ! s+le object by diff]5t means1 ! contra/ w be delightful4 ,?us1 ! elevation ( "* :i* ! hill di/ricts ( ,italy possess by ! magnific5ce ( _! =ms1 is transmitt$ to ! villa by its dignity ( detail & simplicity ( outl9e2 & ! rectangul> int]ruption to ! curve ( picturesque blue c\ntry1 p>tak+ ( ! nature ( t :i* x int]rupts1 is a contra/ giv+ relief & int]e/1 :ile any ,elizabe?an acute angles1 on ! contr>y1 w\ld h be5 a contra/ obta9$ by ! abs5ce ( ! p]vad+ en]gy ( ! univ]sal curvil9e> "*1 & !re=e improp]4 #bch4 ,f\r?ly1 :5 ! g5]al en]gy1 in/ead ( p]vad+ simultane\sly ! multitude ( objects1 z ) "o _s1 is indep5d5tly possess$ & manife/$ by e individual object1 ! result is repetition1 n unity2 & contra/ is n m]ely agreeable1 b necess>y4 ,?us1 a numb] ( objects1 =m+ ! l9e ( beauty1 is p]vad$ by "o simple en]gy2 b if t en]gy is sep>ately manife/$ 9 ea*1 ! result is pa9ful monotony4 ,p>allel "r l9es1 )\t gr\p+1 are always liable to ?is objection2 &1 !re=e1 a di/ant view ( a flat c\ntry is nev] beautiful unless its horizontals are lo/ 9 ri*ness ( vegetation1 z 9 ,lomb>dy1 or brok5 ) masses ( =e/1 or ) di/ant hills4 ,if none ( ^! int]ruptions take place1 !re is imm$iate monotony1 & no introduction c be m delightful ?an su* a t[] 9 ! di/ance z ,/rasburg1 or1 inde$1 ?an any ar*itectural comb9ation ( v]ticals4 ,pet]bor\gh is a beautiful in/ance ( su* an adaptation4 ,x is always1 !n1 to be rememb]$ t repetition is n assimilation4 #bci4 ,fif?ly1 :5 any attribute is necess>ily beautiful1 t is1 beautiful 9 e place & circum/ance1 we ne$ h>dly say t ! contra/ consi/+ 9 its abs5ce is pa9ful4 ,x is only :5 beauty is local or accid5tal t opposition may be employ$4 ,six?ly4 ,! edge ( all contra/s1 s to speak1 %\ld be z s(t z is consi/5t ) decisive effect4 ,we mean1 t a gradual *ange is bett] ?an in/antane\s transfiguration2 =1 ?\gh always less effective1 x is m agreeable4 ,b ?is mu/ be left v mu* to ! judgm5t4 ,sev5?ly4 ,we mu/ be v c>eful 9 asc]ta9+ :e!r any giv5 contra/ is obta9$ by fre$om f ext]nal1 or abs5ce ( int]nal1 en]gy1 = x is (t5 a difficult po9t to decide4 ,?us1 ! peace ( ! ,alp9e valley might1 at fir/1 seem to be a contra/ caus$ by ! want ( ! "* ( /r5g? & sublimity manife/$ 9 ! hills2 b x is really caus$ by ! fre$om f ! g5]al & ext]nal influ5ce ( viol5ce & desolation4 #bdj4 ,^!1 !n1 are pr9ciples applicable to all arts1 )\t a s+le exception1 & ( p>ticul> importance 9 pa9t+ & ar*itecture4#ec ,x w sometimes be f\nd t "o rule comes 9 ! way ( ano!r2 9 :i* case1 ! mo/ important is1 ( c\rse1 to be obey$2 b1 9 g5]al1 !y w af=d u an easy means ( arriv+ at c]ta9 results1 :51 be=e1 our conjectures mu/ h be5 vague & unsatisfactory4 ,footnote #ec3 ,= fur!r discussion ( :i*1 see ,elem5ts ( ,draw+1 ,lett] ,,iii4 ,we may n[ proce$ to det]m9e ! mo/ prop] =m = ! m\nta9 villa ( ,engl&4 #bda4 ,we mu/ fir/ obs]ve ! prevail+ l9es ( ! ne> hills3 if !y are v]tical1 !re w mo/ assur$ly be monotony1 = ! v]tical l9es ( crag are nev] gr\p$1 & accord+ly1 by our f\r? rule1 ! prevail+ l9es ( our edifice mu/ be horizontal4 ,on ! ,lake ( ,?un ! t5d5cy ( ! hills is v]tical2 ?is t5d5cy is repeat$ by ! build+s1#ed & ! composition becomes ?or\ghly bad2 b on ! ,lake ( ,como we h ! same v]tical t5d5cy 9 ! hills1 :ile ! gr& l9es ( ! build+s are horizontal1 & ! composition is good4 ,b1 if ! prevail+ l9es ( ! ne> hills be curv$ 7& !y w be ei!r curv$ or v]tical71 we mu/ n int]rupt _! "*1 = ! en]gy is !n p]vad+1 n individual2 &1 !re=e1 our edifice mu/ be rectangul>4 ,footnote #ed3 ,9 _! turrets & p9nacles1 z %[n by a poor wood-cut 9 ! magaz9e1 n wor? reproduction4 ,9 bo? cases1 !re=e1 ! gr& outl9e ( ! villa is ! same2 b 9 "o we h x set (f by contra/1 9 ! o!r by assimilation2 & we mu/ "w out 9 ! ar*itecture ( ea* edifice ! pr9ciple on :i* we h begun4 ,comm5c+ ) t 9 :i* we are to "w by contra/3 ! v]tical crags mu/ be ! result ( viol5ce1 & ! influ5ce ( de/ruction1 ( di/ortion1 ( torture1 to speak /rongly1 mu/ be evid5t 9 _! e l9e4 ,we free ! build+ f ?is influ5ce1 & give x repose1 gracefulness1 & ease2 & we h a contra/ ( feel+ z well z ( l9e1 by :i* ! desirable attributes are r5d]$ evid5t 9 bo? objects1 :ile ! duration ( nei!r en]gy be+ all[$1 !re c be no disagreeable effect ^u ! spectator1 :o w n %r9k f ! t]ror ( ! crags1 nor feel a want ( excitem5t 9 ! g5tl5ess ( ! build+4 #bdb4 ,secondly1 ,solitude is p[]ful & evid5t 9 its effect on ! di/ant hills2 !re=e ! effect ( ! villa %\ld be joy\s & life-l 7n flippant1 h[ev]1 b s]5e72 &1 by r5d]+ x s1 we %all enhance ! sublimity ( ! di/ance1 z we %[$ 9 speak+ ( ! ,we/morel& cottage2 &1 !re=e1 we may introduce a numb] ( w9d[s ) good effect1 provid$ t !y are kept 9 horizontal l9es1 & d n di/urb ! repose :i* we h %[n to be necess>y4 ,^! ?ree po9ts ( contra/ w be q en\gh3 !re is no o!r ext]nal influ5ce f :i* we c free ! build+1 & ! p]vad+ en]gy mu/ be communicat$ to x1 or x w n h>monize ) our feel+s2 !re=e1 be=e proce$+1 we _h bett] det]m9e h[ ?is contra/ is to be c>ri$ out 9 detail4 #bdc4 ,our l9es are to be horizontal2 !n ! ro( mu/ be z flat z possible4 ,we ne$ n ?9k ( sn[1 because1 h[ev] mu* we may slope ! ro(1 x w n slip (f f ! mat]ial1 :i*1 "h1 is ! only prop] "o2 & ! ro( ( ! cottage is always v flat1 :i* x w\ld n be if !re 7 any inconv5i5ce att5d+ su* a =m4 ,b1 = ! sake ( ! second contra/1 we are to h gracefulness & ease1 z well z horizontality4 ,!n we mu/ break ! l9e ( ! ro( into diff]5t elevations1 yet n mak+ ! diff]5ce great1 or we %all h visible v]ticals4 ,& ?is mu/ n be done at r&om4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,lead+ l9es ( ,villa-composition4 #bdd4 ,take a flat l9e ( beauty1 a d1 fig4 #ad1 = ! l5g? ( ! edifice4 ,/rike a b horizontally f a1 c d f d2 let fall ! v]ticals1 make c f equal m n1 ! maximum2 & draw h f4 ,! curve %\ld be s f> cont9u$ z t h f %all be to c d z c d to a b4 ,!n we are sure ( a beautifully proportion$ =m4 ,mu* v>iety may be introduc$ by us+ diff]5t curves2 jo9+ p>abolas ) cycloids1 etc42 b ! use ( curves is always ! be/ mode ( obta9+ good =ms4#ee ,footnote #ee3 ,comp>e ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 vol4 ,,iv4 *ap4 xvii4 #di1 & ,elem5ts ( ,draw+1 ,lett] ,,iii4 ,fur!r ease may be obta9$ by add$ comb9ations4 ,= in/ance1 /rike ano!r curve 7a q b7 ?r\gh ! flat l9e a b2 bisect ! maximum v p1 draw ! horizontal r s1 7obs]v+ to make ! l>ge/ maximum ( ?is curve t[>ds ! smalle/ maximum ( ! great curve1 to re/ore ! balance71 jo9 r q1 s b1 & we h ano!r modification ( ! same beautiful =m4 ,?is may be done 9 ei!r side ( ! build+1 b n 9 bo?4 #bde4 ,!n1 if ! flat ro( be /ill f\nd monoton\s1 x may be int]rupt$ by g>ret w9d[s1 :i* mu/ n be gabl$1 b turn$ ) ! curve a b1 :atev] t may be4 ,?is w give in/ant humility to ! build+1 & take away any ve/iges ( ,italian "* :i* might hang ab\t x1 & :i* w\ld be :olly out ( place4 ,! w9d[s may h tol]ably broad ar*itraves1 b no cornices2 an ornam5t bo? haughty & classical 9 its effect1 &1 on bo? acc\nts1 improp] "h4 ,!y %\ld be 9 level l9es1 b gr\p$ at unequal di/ances1 or !y w h a =mal & artificial air1 unsuit$ to ! irregul>ity & fre$om ar\nd !m4 ,"s few ( !m may be ar*$1 h[ev]1 ) ! curve a b1 ! m+l+ ( ! curve & ! squ>e be+ v graceful4 ,!re %\ld n be m ?an two ti]s & ! g>rets1 or ! build+ w be too high4 ,s mu* = ! g5]al outl9e ( ! villa1 9 :i* we are to "w by contra/4 ,let u pass ov] to t 9 :i* we are to "w by assimilation1 be=e speak+ ( ! mat]ial & color :i* %\ld be common to bo?4 #bdf4 ,! gr& outl9e mu/ be design$ on exactly ! same pr9ciples2 = ! curvil9e> proportions1 :i* 7 opposition be=e1 w n[ be assimilation4 ,( c\rse1 we d n mean to say t e villa 9 a hill c\ntry %\ld h ! =m a b c d2 we %\ld be tir$ to dea? if !y _h3 b we br+ =w>d t =m z an example ( ! agreeable result ( ! pr9ciples on :i* we %\ld always "w1 b ^: result %\ld be ! same 9 no two cases4 ,a modification ( t =m1 h[ev]1 w frequ5tly be f\nd useful2 =1 "u ! depression h f1 we may h a hall ( entrance & ( ex]cise1 :i* is a requisite ( extreme importance 9 hill di/ricts1 :]e x ra9s ?ree h\rs out ( f\r all ! ye> r\nd2 & "u c d we may h ! kit*51 s]vants' rooms1 & coa*h\se1 leav+ ! l>ge division quiet & com=table4 #bdg4 ,!n1 z 9 ! curv$ c\ntry !re is no su* di/ortion z t be=e notic$1 no su* evid5ce ( viol5t ag5cy1 we ne$ n be s c>eful ab\t ! appe>ance ( p]fect peace2 we may be a little m dignifi$ & a little m classical4 ,! w9d[s may be symmetrically arrang$2 &1 if !re be a blue & undulat+ di/ance1 ! upp] ti] may ev5 h cornices2 n>r[] ar*itraves are to be us$2 ! g>rets may be tak5 f ! ro(1 & _! inmates may be accommodat$ 9 ! o!r side ( ! h\se2 b we mu/ take c>e1 9 do+ ?is1 n to become ,greek4 ,! mat]ial1 z we %all see pres5tly1 w assi/ u 9 keep+ unclassical2 & n a ve/ige ( column or capital mu/ appe> 9 any "p ( ! edifice4 ,all %\ld be pure1 b all %\ld be ,engli%2 & !re %\ld be "h1 z else:]e1 mu* ( ! utilit>ian ab\t ! :ole1 suit$ to ! cultivat$ c\ntry 9 :i* x is plac$4 #bdh4 ,x w nev] d to be speculative or imag9ative 9 our details1 on ! supposition t ! t5d5cy ( f9e sc5]y is to make ev]ybody imag9ative & en?usia/ic4 ,en?usiasm has no bus9ess ) ,turkey c>pets or easy-*airs2 & ! v prep>ation ( com=t = ! body1 :i* ! exi/5ce ( ! villa supposes1 is inconsi/5t ) ! supposition ( any excitem5t ( m9d3 & ?is is ano!r reason = keep+ ! dome/ic build+ 9 ri*ly productive c\ntry4 ,nature has set aside h] sublime bits = u to feel & ?9k 92 %e has po9t$ out h] productive bits = u to sleep & eat 92 &1 if we sleep & eat among/ ! sublimity1 we are brutal2 if we poetize among/ ! cultivation1 we are absurd4 ,!re are ! "t & place = ea* /ate ( exi/5ce1 & we %\ld n jumble t :i* ,nature has sep>at$4 ,%e has address$ h]self1 9 "o "p1 :olly to ! m9d2 !re is no?+ = u to eat b bilb]ries1 no?+ to re/ ^u b rock1 & we h no bus9ess to concoct picnics1 & br+ *eese1 & ale1 & s&wi*es1 9 baskets1 to gratify our bea/ly natures1 :]e ,nature nev] int5d$ u to eat 7if %e _h1 we ne$n't h br\ght ! baskets74 ,9 ! o!r "p1 %e has provid$ = our necessities2 & we are v absurd1 if we make ourselves fanta/ic1 in/ead ( com=table4 ,!re=e1 all t we ought to d 9 ! hill villa is1 to adapt x = ! habitation ( a man ( ! highe/ faculties ( p]ception & feel+2 b only = ! habitation ( 8 h\rs ( common s5se1 n ( en?usiasm2 x mu/ be 8 dwell+ z a man1 n z a _s2 z a ?+ liable to decay1 n z an et]nal en]gy2 z a p]i%able1 n z an immortal4 #bdi4 ,keep+1 !n1 9 view ^! di/9ctions ( =m betwe5 ! two villas1 ! rema9+ consid]ations relate equally to bo?4 ,we h sev]al times allud$ to ! extreme ri*ness & v>iety ( hill =egr\nd1 z an int]nal en]gy to :i* !re mu/ be no contra/4 ,rawness ( color is to be especially avoid$1 b s1 also1 is pov]ty ( effect4 ,x w1 !re=e1 add mu* to ! beauty ( ! build+1 if 9 any conspicu\s & h>% angle1 or %ad[y mold+1 we introduce a wrea? ( c>v$ leafwork1--9 /one1 ( c\rse4 ,?is s\nds />tl+ & exp5sive2 b we are n ?9k+ ( exp5se3 :at ought to be1 n :at c be af=d$1 is ! "q4 ,besides1 :5 all exp5se 9 %amm+ ca/les1 build+ p9nacles1 & all o!r fanta/icisms has be5 %[n to be injuri\s1 t :i* o!rwise w\ld h be5 wa/$ 9 pla/] battlem5ts1 to d h>m1 may surely be devot$ to /one leafage1 to d good4 ,n[1 if !re be too mu*1 or too conspicu\s1 ornam5t1 x w de/roy simplicity & humility1 & ev]y?+ :i* we h be5 endeavor+ to get2 !re=e1 ! ar*itect mu/ be c>eful1 & _h bett] h imm$iate rec\rse to t natural beauty ) :i* he is n[ endeavor+ to assimilate4 #bej4 ,:5 ,nature det]m9es on decorat+ a piece ( project+ rock1 %e beg9s ) ! bold project+ surface1 to :i* ! eye is naturally drawn by its =m1 & 7obs]ve h[ closely %e works by ! pr9ciples :i* 7 be=e inve/igat$7 %e f9i%es ?is ) li*5s & m+l$ colors1 to a degree ( delicacy1 :i* makes u feel t we nev] c look close en\gh2 b %e puts 9 n a s+le mass ( =m to attract ! eye1 m ?an ! gr& outl9e r5d]s necess>y4 ,b1 :]e ! rock jo9s ! gr\nd1 :]e ! %ad[ falls1 & ! eye is n attract$1 %e puts 9 bold =ms ( ornam5t1 l>ge leaves & grass1 bun*es ( moss & hea!r1 /rong 9 _! projection1 & deep 9 _! color4 ,!re=e1 ! ar*itect mu/ act on precisely ! same pr9ciple3 8 outw>d surfaces he may leave ! w9d & wea!r to f9i% 9 _! own way2 b he _c all[ ,nature to put grass & we$s into ! %ad[s2 ergo1 he mu/ d x himself2 &1 :5ev] ! eye loses itself 9 %ade1 :]ev] !re is a d>k & %>p corn]1 !re1 if he c1 he %\ld introduce a wrea? ( fl[]-"w4 ,! c>v+ w be pres]v$ f ! wea!r by ?is v propriety ( situation3 x w\ld h mold]$ away1 _h x be5 expos$ to ! full drift ( ! ra91 b w rema9 safe 9 ! crevices :]e x is requir$2 &1 also1 x w n injure ! g5]al effect1 b w lie conceal$ until we approa*1 & !n rise up1 z x 71 out ( ! d>kness1 to its duty2 be/[+ on ! dwell+s t f9i% ( effect :i* is manife/$ ar\nd !m1 & gratify+ ! natural requirem5ts ( ! m9d = ! same ri*ness 9 ! execution ( ! designs ( m51 :i* x has f\nd on a ne> approa* lavi%$ s abundantly1 9 a di/ant view subdu$ s beautifully into ! l>ge effect ( ! designs ( ,nature4 #bea4 ,( ! ornam5t itself1 x is to be obs]v$ t x is n to be :at is prop]ly call$ ar*itectural decoration 7t :i* is decor\s1 becom+1 or suitable to71 namely1 ! comb9ation ( m9or =ms1 :i* repeat ! l9es1 & p>take ( ! ess5ce ( ! gr& design1 & c>ry out its mean+ & life into its e memb]2 b x is to be true sculpture2 ! pres5t+ ( a pure ideality ( =m to ! eye1 :i* may give p]fect conception1 )\t ! assi/ance ( color3 x is to be ! /one image ( vegetation1 n botanically accurate1 inde$1 b suffici5tly ne> to p]mit u to be sure ( ! int5d$ fl[] or leaf4 ,n a s+le l9e ( any o!r k9d ( ornam5t %\ld be admitt$1 & !re %\ld be m leafage ?an fl[]-"w1 z x is ! m easy 9 its fl[ & outl9e4 ,deep relief ne$ n be attempt$1 b ! edges ( ! leafage %\ld be cle>ly & delicately def9$4 ,! cabbage1 ! v9e1 & ! ivy are ! be/ & mo/ beautiful leaves3 oak is a little too /iff1 o!rwise good4 ,p>ticul> att5tion ought to be paid to ! ease ( ! /ems & t5drils2 su* c>e w always be repaid4 ,& x is to be especially obs]v$1 t ! c>v+ is n to be arrang$ 9 g>l&s or knots1 or any o!r =malities1 z 9 ,go?ic "w2 b ! /alks are to rise out ( ! /one1 z if !y 7 root$ 9 x1 & to fl+ !mselves d[n :]e !y are want$1 disappe>+ aga9 9 light sprays1 z if !y 7 /ill gr[+4 #beb4 ,all ?is w require c>e 9 design+2 b1 z we h said be=e1 we c always d )\t decoration2 b1 if we h x1 x mu/ be well done4 ,x is n ( ! slighte/ use to economize2 e f>?+ improp]ly sav$ does a %ill+'s wor? ( damage2 & t is gett+ a b>ga9 ! wrong way4 ,:5 "o bran* or gr\p balances ano!r1 !y mu/ be diff]5t 9 composition4 ,! same gr\p may be introduc$ sev]al times 9 diff]5t p>ts1 b n :5 !re is correspond5ce1 or ! effect w be unnatural2 & x c h>dly be too (t5 repeat$1 t ! ornam5t mu/ be kept out ( ! g5]al effect1 mu/ be invisible to all b ! ne> obs]v]1 &1 ev5 to him1 mu/ n become a necess>y "p ( ! design1 b mu/ be sp>+ly & cauti\sly appli$1 s z to appe> to h be5 ?r[n 9 by *ance "h & !re1 z ,nature w\ld h ?r[n 9 a bun* ( h]bage1 af=d+ adornm5t )\t concealm5t1 & relief )\t int]ruption4 #bec4 ,s mu* = =m4 ,! "q ( color has already be5 discuss$ at "s l5g?1 9 speak+ ( ! cottage2 b x is to be notic$1 t ! villa1 f ! nature ( its situation1 gets ! high] hills back into a di/ance :i* is ?ree or f\r times m blue ?an any piece ( sc5]y ent]+ into comb9ation ) ! cottage2 s t m w>m? ( color is all[able 9 ! build+1 z well z great] *e]fulness ( effect4 ,x %\ld n look l /one1 z ! cottage %\ld1 b %\ld tell z a build+ on ! m9d z well z ! eye4 ,:ite1 !re=e1 is frequ5tly all[able 9 small quantities1 p>ticul>ly on ! bord] ( a l>ge & s(tly %or$ lake1 l ,w9d]m]e & ! foot ( ,lo* ,lomond2 b cream-color1 & putty-color1 & ! o!r v>ieties ( pla/]-color are inexcusable4 ,if m w>m? is requir$ by ! situation ?an ! sun w give on :ite1 ! build+ %\ld be d>k5$ at once4 ,a w>m ri* gray is always beautiful 9 any place & "u any circum/ance2 &1 9 fact1 unless ! proprietor likes to be kept damp l a travel+ codfi%1 by trees ab\t 8 h\se & close to x 7:i*1 if x be :ite1 he mu/ h1 to prev5t gl>e71 su* a gray is ! only color :i* w be beautiful1 or ev5 innoc5t4 ,! difficulty is to obta9 x2 & ?is naturally leads to ! "q ( mat]ial4 #bed4 ,if ! color is to be :ite1 we c h no ornam5t1 = ! %ad[s w\ld make x f> too conspicu\s1 & we %\ld get only tawdr9ess4 ,! simple =ms may be execut$ 9 any?+ t w /& wet2 & ! ro(1 9 all cases1 %\ld be ( ! co>se slate ( ! c\ntry1 z rudely put on z possible4 ,!y mu/ be kept cle> ( moss & conspicu\s vegetation1 or !re w be an improp] appe>ance ( decay2 b ! m li*5\s ! bett]1 & ! r\gh] ! slate ! soon] x is color$4 ,if ! color is to be gray1 we may use ! gray primitive lime/one1 :i* is n ragg$ on ! edges1 )\t prep>+ ! blocks too smoo?ly2 or ! m compact & pale-color$ slate1 :i* is frequ5tly done 9 ,we/morel&2 & execute ! ornam5ts 9 any v co>se d>k m>ble4 ,gre5/one is an excell5t rock1 & has a f9e surface1 b x is unmanageable4 ,! gray] granites may (t5 be us$ ) good effect1 z well z ! co>se porphyries1 :5 ! gray is to be p>ticul>ly w>m4 ,an outw>d surface ( a loose block may be (t5 turn$ to good acc\nt 9 turn+ an angle2 z ! colors :i* x has contract$ by its natural exposure w rema9 on x )\t induc+ damp4 ,x is always to be rememb]$1 t he :o pref]s neatness to beauty1 & :o w\ld h %>p angles & clean surfaces1 9 pref]5ce to curv$ outl9es & li*5\s color1 has no bus9ess to live among hills4 #bee4 ,su*1 !n1 are ! pr9cipal po9ts to be kept 9 view 9 ! edifice itself4 ,( ! mode ( unit+ x ) ! ne> features ( foliage & gr\nd1 x w\ld be utt]ly useless to speak3 x is a "q ( inf9ite v>iety1 & involv+ ! :ole !ory ( composition1 s t x w\ld take up volumes to develop pr9ciples suffici5t to guide u to ! result :i* ! feel+ ( ! practic$ eye w\ld arrive at 9 a mom5t4 ,! inequalities ( ! gr\nd1 ! "* & color ( ^? inequalities1 ! nature ( ! air1 ! exposure1 & ! consequ5t fall ( ! light1 ! quantity & =m ( ne> & di/ant foliage1 all h _! effect on ! design1 & %\ld h _! influ5ce on ! design]1 induc+1 z !y d1 a p]fect *ange ( circum/ance 9 e locality4 ,only "o g5]al rule c be giv51 & t we repeat4 ,! h\se mu/ n be a n\n sub/antive1 x mu/ n /& by itself1 x mu/ be "p & p>cel ( a proportion$ :ole3 x mu/ n ev5 be se5 all at once2 & he :o sees "o end %\ld feel t1 f ! giv5 data1 he c arrive at no conclusion respect+ ! o!r1 yet be impress$ ) a feel+ ( a univ]sal en]gy1 p]vad+ ) its beauty ( unanimity all life & all inanimation1 all =ms ( /illness or motion1 all pres5ce ( sil5ce or ( s\nd4 #bef4 ,?us1 !n1 we h review$ ! mo/ int]e/+ examples ( exi/+ villa ar*itecture1 & we h appli$ ! pr9ciples d]iv$ f ^? examples to ! l&scape ( our own c\ntry4 ,?r\gh\t1 we h endeavor$ to direct att5tion to ! _s1 r ?an to ! lett]1 ( all law1 & to exhibit ! beauty ( t pr9ciple :i* is embodi$ 9 ! l9e ) :i* we h head$ ?is conclud+ pap]2 ( be+ satisfi$ ) national & natural =ms1 & n endeavor+ to introduce ! imag9ations1 or imitate ! cu/oms1 ( =eign nations1 or ( =m] times4 ,all imitation has its orig9 9 vanity1 & vanity is ! bane ( ar*itecture4 ,&1 z we take leave ( !m1 we w\ld1 once = all1 rem9d our ,engli% sons ( ,sempronius qui villas attollunt m>more novas1 novas 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w1--& :o are sett+ all ,engli% feel+ & all natural pr9ciples at defiance1 t x is only ! b\rgeois g5tilhomme :o w we> 8 dress+-g[n upside d[n1 p>ceque t\tes les p]sonnes de qualit port5t les fleurs en en-bas4 ,,ox=d1 ,octob]1 #ahch4