,,the ,,school ,,of ,recreation3 ,,or ,a ,,guide ,to the ,most ,ingenious ,exercises ,,of ,hunting4 ,hawking4 ,riding4 ,tennis4 ,racing4 ,bowling4 ,fireworks4 ,ringing4 ,military ,singing4 ,discipline4 ,cock-,fighting4 ,the ,science of ,fowling4 ,defence4 ,angling4 ,by ,r4 ,h4 ,london1 ,printed for ,h4 ,rhodes1 at the ,star1 the ,corner of ,bride ,lane1 ,fleet-street4 #afif4 ,the ,school of ,recreation4 ,illustration ,printed for ,henry ,rodes near ,bride lane in ,fleet streete4 ,the ,,preface ,,to ,,the ,,reader4 ,reader1 in this small ,book you will find such ,variety of ,recreations1 that nothing of the nature ever appeared so like ,accomplish'd in any one ,volume1 of what ,largeness soever3 ,for besides my own ,experience in these acceptable and delightful ,particulars1 reduced under proper ,heads1 easy to be understood1 and put in practice2 ,i have taken the ,opinions of those whose ,ingenuity had led them to these ,exercises in ,particular or ,general1 and are approved for the ,performance of them in the exactest manner1 whose judicious ,approbations the more embolden'd me to a ,publication of them3 ,in which you will not only find ,pleasure1 and keep up a ,healthful ,constitution in moderately pursuing them1 but in most or all of them find considerable ,profit and ,advantage1 when you can spare leisure ,hours from your ,devotions1 or to unbend your ,cares after the tiresome ,drudgery of weighty ,temporal ,matters2 ,not that ,i think it is proper so eagerly to pursue them1 as if you made them rather a ,business than a ,recreation2 for though in themselves they are harmless1 yet a continual or insatiate ,prosecution of any ,thing1 not only lessens the ,pleasure1 but may render it hurtful1 if not to your self1 yet in giving ,offence to others1 who will be apt to reflect upon such as seem to doat upon them1 and wholly neglect their other ,affairs4 ,we find the ,taste of ,honey is delicious and desirable1 yet ,nature over-burthened with too great a ,quantity1 ,surfeits1 and begets a loathing of it4 ,wherefore to ,conclude1 ,i commend them as they are1 viz4 ,suitable ,recreations for the ,gentry of ,england1 and others1 wherein to please and delight themselves4 ,and so not doubting this ,work will be accepted1 as it was well meant to serve my ,country-,men1 ,i take leave to subscribe myself1 ,kind ,reader1 ,your most humble and obliging ,servant1 ,r4 ,h4 ,,of ,,hunting4 ,hunting1 being a ,recreation that challenges the sublime ,epithets of ,royal1 ,artificial1 ,manly1 and ,warlike1 for its ,stateliness1 ,cunning1 and ,indurance1 claims above all other ,sports the ,precedency2 and therefore ,i was induced to place it at the ,head to usher in the rest4 ,but to come to the ,purpose3 ,the young ,hunter1 as yet raw in the true ,knowledge of this ,royal ,sport1 with what is meerly necessary and useful1 without amusing him with superfluous ,observations for his ,instruction3 ,i shall therefore observe throughout this ,treatise this ,method3 #a4 ,the several ,chases or ,games which fall under the ,first ,denomination1 ,hunting4 #b4 ,the genuine of ,infallible ,rules whereby we are to direct our selves1 for the obtaining the true ,pleasure in prosecuting the same1 and the desired ,effects of it4 ,know than2 the ,beasts of ,venery or ,forest1 are1 viz4 ,the ,hart1 ,hinde1 ,hare4 ,as likewise the ,wild ,beasts1 or ,beasts of ,chace are1 viz4 the ,buck1 ,doe1 ,fox1 ,marten1 ,roe4 ,the ,beasts of ,warren1 are1 viz4 ,hares1 ,coneys1 ,roes4 ,note1 ,the ,hart and ,hind before spoken of1 though they are of one kind1 yet1 because their ,seasons are several1 are esteemed distinct ,beasts2 and in the ,hart is included the ,stag1 and all red ,deer of ,antlier4 ,and because ,i reckon it the most necessary part of the ,hunter to understand the ,names1 ,degrees1 ,ages1 and ,seasons of the aforesaid different ,beasts of ,forest or ,venery1 ,chase1 and ,warren1 ,i therefore1 present him with these following ,beasts of ,forest1 c4 ,the ,hart1 the first year is called a ,hind-,calf1 #b ,a ,knobber1 #c ,a ,brock #d ,a ,staggard1 #e ,a ,stag1 #f ,a ,hart4 ,the ,hind the first ,year a ,calf1 #b ,a ,hearse1 #c ,a ,hind4 ,the ,hare1 the first ,year a ,leveret1 #b ,a ,hare1 #c ,a great ,hare4 ,beasts of ,chase4 ,the ,buck1 ,the first ,year is called a ,fawn1 #b ,a ,pricket1 #c ,a ,sorrel1 #d ,a ,sore1 #e ,a ,buck of the first ,head1 #f ,a ,great ,buck4 ,the ,doe1 the first ,year a ,fawn1 #b ,a ,teg1 #c ,a ,doe4 ,the ,fox1 the first ,year a ,cub1 #b a ,fox4 ,the ,marten1 the first ,year ,a ,cub1 #b ,a ,marten4 ,the ,roe the first ,year ,a ,kid1 #b ,a ,gyrl1 #c ,a ,hemuse1 #d ,a ,roe-,buck of the first ,head1 #e ,a ,fair ,roe-,buck4 ,as for the ,beasts of ,warren1 the ,hare being spoken of before1 little or nothing is to be said4 ,the ,coney is first ,a ,rabbet1 and then an ,old ,coney4 ,thus much for their ,names1 ,degrees1 and ,ages3 ,now let us next observe their proper ,seasons for ,hunting4 ,the ,hart or ,buck1 beginneth fifteen days after ,mid-,summer-,day1 and lasteth till ,holy-,rood-,day4 ,the ,fox1 from ,christmass1 and lasteth till the ,annunciation of the ,blessed ,virgin ,mary4 ,the ,hind or ,doe1 from ,holy-,rood-,day1 till ,candlemas4 ,the ,roe-,buck1 from ,easter1 till ,michaelmas4 ,the ,roe1 from ,michaelmas1 till ,candlemas4 ,the ,hare1 from ,michaelmas1 to the end of ,february4 ,thus much ,i thought fit to speak briefly of the proper ,names1 ,degrees1 ,ages1 and ,seasons of the several ,chases which we ,hunt3 ,but having almost forgot some1 ,i shall insert here1 as intending to speak somewhat of them1 and they are the ,badger1 ,otter1 and ,wild ,goat4 ,as for the ,terms of ,art appropriated to ,hunting4 ,and now ,i bring you to the second thing ,i proposed1 viz4 the ,rules and ,measures we are to learn and observe in the aforementioned ,sports or ,chases2 and in this we must begin with the ,pursuers or ,conquerors of these ,chases1 namely4 ,of ,hounds4 ,there are several kinds of ,hounds1 endued with ,qualities suitable to the ,country where they are bred2 and therefore consult his ,country1 and you will soon understand his ,nature and ,use3 ,as for instance1 the ,western ,countries of ,england1 and ,wood-land1 ,mountainous ,countries1 as also ,cheshire1 and ,lancashire1 breed the slow-,hound2 a large great ,dog1 tall and heavy4 ,worcestershire1 ,bedfordshire1 and many other well mixt ,soyls1 where the ,champaign and ,covert are equally large1 produce the ,middle sized ,dog1 of a more nimble ,composure than the fore-mentioned1 and fitter for ,chase4 ,yorkshire1 ,cumberland1 ,northumberland1 and the ,north parts1 breed the ,light1 ,nimble1 swift slender ,dog4 ,and our open ,champaigns train up excellent ,grey-,hounds1 hugely admired for his ,swiftness1 ,strength1 and ,sagacity4 ,and lastly1 the little ,beagle bred in all ,countries1 is of exceeding ,cunning1 and curious ,scent in ,hunting4 ,for the ,choice of ,hounds we are to rely much on their ,colours1 and accordingly make our ,election4 ,the ,best and most ,beautiful of all for a general ,kennel1 is1 the ,white ,hound1 with ,black ,ears1 and a black spot at the setting on of the ,tail1 and is ever found to be both of good ,scent1 and good ,condition1 and will ,hunt any ,chase1 but especially the ,hare1 ,stag1 ,buck ,roe1 or ,otter1 not sticking at ,woods or ,waters4 ,the next is the ,black1 the blacktann'd1 or all ,liver hew'd1 or the milk ,white ,hound1 which is the true ,talbot1 is best for the string1 or line1 as delighting in ,blood2 the ,largest is the comliest and best4 ,the ,grizled1 usually shag-hair'd1 are the best ,verminers2 and so fittest for the ,fox1 ,badger1 or other hot ,scents2 a couple of which let not your ,kennel be without1 as being exceeding good cunning ,finders4 ,for the ,shape of your ,hound1 you must consult the ,climate of his ,breed1 and the natural ,composition of his ,body2 but by these following ,characters you may know a good ,hound4 ,if you like a large1 heavy1 true ,talbot like ,hound1 see ,his ,head be round and thick4 ,nose short and uprising4 ,nostrils wide and large4 ,ears larger and down-hanging4 ,upper lip-,flews lower than his ,nether ,chaps4 ,back strong and rising4 ,fillets thick and great4 ,thighs and ,huckle-bones round4 ,hams streight4 ,tail long and rush grown4 ,the ,hair of his ,belly hard and stiff4 ,legs big and lean4 ,foot like a ,fox's1 well clawed and round4 ,sole dry and hard4 ,all these shew an able ,hound4 ,if you would choose a swift light ,hound1 the ,yorkshire one in the generality will please you2 for that 7as these have7 he ought to have a slenderer ,head1 longer ,nose1 shallower ,ears and ,flews1 broad ,back1 gaunt ,belly1 small ,tail1 long ,joynts1 round ,foot2 and in fine of a ,gray-,hound-like ,make4 ,thus much to direct the choice of ,hounds2 now something ought to be spoken of the ,composition of ,kennels1 wherein ,i must appeal to the ,affection of the ,gentleman1 the ,lover of this ,sport1 and let him tell me the ,reasons that induced him take pleasure in ,hounds1 whether it be he fancies ,cunning in ,hunting8 ,or ,sweetness1 ,loudness1 or ,deepness of ,cry8 ,or for the ,training his ,horses8 ,or for the ,exercise of his ,body only8 ,if for ,cunning ,hunting2 breed your ,dogs from the slowest and largest of the forementioned ,northern ,hounds1 and the swiftest and slenderest of the ,west ,country1 of both ,kinds1 approved to be not given to lie off1 or look for ,advantages1 but staunch1 fair1 even running1 and of perfect fine ,scent4 ,these will make a ,horse gallop fast1 and not run2 being middle-siz'd1 not too swift as to out-run1 or too slow as to lose the ,scent2 are the best for the true ,art and ,use of ,hunting4 ,if for ,sweetness of ,cry2 compound your ,kennel of some large ,dogs1 of deep solemn ,mouths1 and swift in spending1 as the ,base in the ,consort2 then twice so many roaring1 loud ringing ,mouths1 as the ,counter-,tenor3 ,and lastly1 some hollow plain sweet ,mouths1 as the ,mean3 ,so shall your ,cry be perfect4 ,observe that this ,composition be of the swiftest and largest deep ,mouth'd ,dog1 the slowest and middle-siz'd1 and the shortest ,legged slender ,dog4 ,for these run even together4 ,if for ,loudness of ,mouth1 choose the ,loud clanging 7redoubling as it were7 ,mouth1 and to this put the roaring1 spending1 and ,whining ,mouth1 which will be loud1 smart1 and pleasant3 ,such are for the most part your ,shropshire1 and ,worcestershire ,dogs4 ,if 7lastly7 for deepness of cry1 the largest dogs having the greatest ,mouths1 and deepest flews1 are the best2 such are your ,west-,country1 ,cheshire1 and ,lancashire ,dogs4 ,but if you have your ,kennel for ,training ,horses only2 then compound your ,kennel of the lightest1 nimblest1 and swiftest ,dogs1 such as your ,northern ,hounds are4 ,for the strong and violent ,exercises of their ,horses1 through the ,natural ,velocity of their ,hounds1 in the ,north parts1 have render'd them famous for ,truth and ,swiftness above all other parts of ,england4 ,lastly1 ,if for the ,maintenance of your ,health1 by preventing ,infirmities and ,grossness of ,humours1 you compose your ,kennel2 consult first your own ,ability for this ,exercise2 and if you think you are able to foot it away1 then the ,biggest and slowest ,dogs you can get are best4 ,but if you would pad it away through an ,unability of footing it1 than choose the slowest or middle-siz'd ,hounds1 of good ,mouths and ,noses1 for loud ,cry1 and ready ,scent4 ,thus far for the ,composing a ,kennel3 ,i come now to the ,kennel it self1 of which ,i need say little1 as indeed unnecessary1 leaving that to the ,discretion of the ,huntsman2 only ,i would have him observe1 that it be built some pretty way distant from the ,dwelling-,house1 in a warm dry ,place1 free from ,vermine1 and near some ,pond or ,river of fresh ,water2 and so placed1 that the ,morning ,sun may shine upon it4 ,be sure to keep it clean1 and let them not want fresh ,straw every day4 ,feed them early in the ,morning at ,sun-rising1 and at ,sun-set in the ,evening4 ,as for the ,meat1 ,i leave to the ingenious ,huntsman to get when they come from ,hunting2 after you have fed them well1 let them to their ,kennel1 and wash their ,feet with ,beer and ,butter1 or some such thing1 and pick and search their ,cleys1 for ,thorns1 ,stubs1 or the like3 ,if it is in ,winter1 let a ,fire be made1 and let them beak and stretch themselves for an hour or so at the fire1 and suffer them to lick1 pick1 and trim themselves2 hereby to prevent the ,diseases incident to them1 upon sudden ,cooling1 as the ,mange1 ,itch1 ,fevers1 c4 ,but before ,i treat of the keeping your ,hounds in ,health by curing their ,diseases1 ,i must speak a ,word or two of the way to ,breed good ,whelps1 viz4 ,having a ,hound and a ,bratch of that general ,goodness in ,size1 ,voice1 ,speed1 ,scent1 and ,proportion you like1 put them together to ingender in ,january1 ,february1 or ,march1 as the properest ,months for ,hounds1 ,bitches1 and ,bratches to be ,limed in2 because of not losing time to enter them4 ,when you put them together1 observe1 as near as you can1 if the ,moon be in ,aquarius or ,gemini2 because the ,whelps will then never run ,mad1 and the ,litter will be double as many ,dogs1 as ,bitch-,whelps4 ,when your ,bitch is near her ,whelping1 separate her from the other ,hounds1 and make her a ,kennel particularly by her self2 and see her ,kennell'd every ,night1 that she might be acquainted and delighted with it1 and so not seek out unwholsom ,places2 for if you remove the ,whelps after they are ,whelp'd1 the ,bitch will carry them up and down till she come to their first ,place of ,littering2 and that's very dangerous4 ,suffer not your ,whelps to ,suck above two ,months1 and then ,wean them4 ,when your ,whelps are brought up1 enter them not into ,hunting till they are at least a ,year and half old3 ,that is1 if whelpt in ,march1 enter them ,september come ,twelve ,month2 if in ,april1 in ,october come ,twelve ,months after1 c4 ,when you would enter them1 bring them abroad1 with the most ,staunch and best ,hunting hounds2 7all babling and flying ,curs being left at home37 and a ,hare being the best entering ,chase1 get a ,hare ready before1 and putting her from her ,form1 view which way she takes1 and then lay on your ,hounds1 giving them all the ,advantages may be2 if she is caught1 do not suffer them to break her1 but immediately taking her1 strip off her ,skin1 and cutting her to pieces1 give every part to your young ,whelps2 and that beget in them a ,delight in ,hunting4 ,diseases incident to ,dogs1 and their ,cures4 ,for ,sick ,dogs4 ,take ,sheeps-heads1 ,wooll and all1 hack1 and bruise them into pieces1 make ,pottage of it with ,oatmeal1 and ,penny-,royal1 and give it warm4 ,lice and ,fleas4 ,boyl four or five handfuls of ,rue1 or ,herb of ,grace1 in a ,gallon of running ,water1 till a ,pottle be consumed1 strain it1 and put two ,ounces of ,staves-acre poudered1 and bathe them with it warm4 ,itch4 ,take ,oyl of ,flower-de-,lys1 ,powder of ,brimstone1 and dry'd ,elicampane-,roots1 of each a like quantity1 and ,bay-,salt powdered2 mix these ,powders with the ,oyl1 and warm it1 anoint1 scratch1 and make it bleed1 it will do well4 ,tetter4 ,take ,black ,ink1 ,juice of ,mint and ,vinegar1 of each alike1 mix them altogether with ,powder of ,brimstone to a ,salve1 and anoint it4 ,worms4 ,give your ,hound ,brimstone and new ,milk1 it will kill them4 ,gauling4 ,may ,butter1 yellow ,wax and unflackt ,lime1 made to a ,salve1 and ,anoint therewith1 is a present ,remedy4 ,mange4 ,take two ,handfuls of ,wild-,cresses1 of ,elicampane1 of the ,leaves and ,roots of ,roerb and ,sorrel1 the like quantity1 and two ,pound of the ,roots of ,frodels1 ,boyl them all well in ,lye and ,vinegar1 strain it1 and put therein two ,pound of ,grey ,soap1 and after 'tis melted1 rub your ,hound with it four or five days together4 ,for any ,ear ,disease4 ,mix ,verjuice and ,chervile ,water together1 and drop into his ,ears a spoonful or two1 ,morning and ,evening4 ,sore ,eyes4 ,chew a ,leaf or two of ,ground ,ivy1 and spit the ,juice into his ,eyes4 ,surbaiting4 ,wash his feet with ,beer and ,butter1 and bind young red ,nettles beaten to a ,salve to his ,soles4 ,biting by ,snake1 ,adder1 c4 ,beat the ,herb ,calaminth with ,turpentine1 and yellow ,wax to a ,salve1 and apply it4 ,to expel the inward ,poyson1 give the said ,herb in ,milk4 ,biting by a ,mad ,dog4 ,wash the place with ,sea-,water2 or strong ,brine1 will ,cure him4 ,the quantity of a ,hazel-,nut of ,mithridate1 dissolved in ,sweet ,wine1 will prevent inward ,infection4 ,madness4 ,lastly1 ,if your ,hound be ,mad1 which you will soon find by his separating himself from the rest1 throwing his ,head into the ,wind1 foaming and slavering at ,mouth1 snatching at every thing he meets1 red fiery ,eyes1 stinking filthy ,breath2 then to ,knock him in the ,head1 is a present ,remedy1 and you'l prevent infinite ,dangers4 ,and now ,i proceed to give some brief ,instructions for ,hunting the several ,chases1 viz4 the ,time when8 and the ,manner how8 ,having your ,kennel of ,hounds in good order and plight1 lead them forth1 and to your ,game2 only take this ,caution2 do not forget to have in your ,pack a couple of ,hounds1 called ,hunters in the ,high-wayes1 that will ,scent upon hard ,ground1 where we cannot perceive ,pricks or ,impressions2 and let a couple of ,old stench ,hounds accompany you1 by whose sure ,scent1 the too great ,swiftness of the young and unexperienced ,ones may be restrained and regulated4 ,of ,hart or ,stag ,hunting4 ,to understand the ,age of this our ,game1 it is known by several ,marks1 amongst which this is the most authentick3 ,that if you take his view in the ground1 and perceive he has a large ,foot1 a thick ,heel1 a deep ,print1 open ,cleft and long space1 then be assured he is ,old2 as the ,contrary concludes him ,young4 ,to find him8 ,examine the following ,annual1 or ,monethly4 ,november1 in ,heaths among ,furs1 ,shrubs1 and ,whines4 ,december1 in ,forests among thick and strong ,woods4 ,january1 in ,corners of the ,forests1 ,corn-fields1 ,wheat1 ,rye1 c4 ,february and ,march1 amongst ,young and thick ,bushes4 ,april and ,may1 in ,coppices and ,springs4 ,june and ,july1 in ,out-,woods and ,purlieus nearest the ,corn-fields4 ,september and ,october1 after the first showers of ,rain1 they leave their ,thickets1 and go to ,rut1 during which time there is no certain place to find them in4 ,when you have found him in any of these places1 be careful to go up the ,wind2 and the best time to find him is before ,sun-rising1 when he goes to feed2 then watch him to his ,leir1 and having lodged him1 go and prepare2 if he is not forced1 he will not budge till ,evening4 ,approaching his ,lodging1 cast off your ,finders1 who having ,hunted him a ,ring or two1 cast in the rest2 and being in full ,cry and maine ,chase1 ,comfort and ,cheer them with ,horn and ,voice4 ,be sure to take notice of him by some ,mark1 and if your ,dogs make ,default1 rate them off and bring them to the ,default back1 and make them cast about till they have undertaken the first ,deer2 then cheer them to the utmost1 and so continue till they have either set up or slain him4 ,it is the ,nature of a ,stag1 to seek for one of his kind1 when he is ,imbost or weary1 and beating him up1 ly down in his place2 therefore have a watchful eye unto ,change4 ,as likewise by taking ,soil 7i4e4 ,water7 he will swim a ,river just in the middle down the ,stream1 covering himself all over1 but his ,nose1 keeping the middle1 least by touching any ,boughs he leave a ,scent for the ,hounds2 ,and by his ,crossings and ,doublings he will endeavour to baffle his ,persuers3 ,in these ,cases have regard to your ,old ,hounds1 as ,i said before4 ,when he is ,imbost or weary1 may be known thus3 ,by his ,creeping into holes1 and often lying down1 or by his running stiff1 high and lumpering1 slavering and foaming at ,mouth1 shining and blackness of his ,hair1 and much ,sweat2 and thus much for ,stag or ,hart ,hunting4 ,as for the ,buck ,i shall not speak any thing1 for he that can ,hunt a ,stag well1 cannot fail ,hunting a ,buck well4 ,as likewise for the ,roe ,hunting1 ,i refer you to what is spoken of the ,hart or ,stag4 ,of ,hare ,hunting4 ,as for the ,time1 the most proper to begin this ,game1 note2 ,that about the middle of ,september is best1 and to end towards the latter end of ,february1 when surcease1 and destroy not the young early ,brood of ,leverets2 and this ,season is most agreeable likewise to the nature of ,hounds2 moist and cool4 ,now for the ,place where to find her1 you must examine and observe the ,seasons of the ,year2 for in ,summer or ,spring time1 you shall find them in ,corn-fields and open places1 not sitting in ,bushes1 for fear of ,snakes1 ,adders1 c4 ,in ,winter they love ,tuffs of ,thorns and ,brambles1 near ,houses3 ,in these places you must regard the ,oldness or ,newness of her ,form or ,seat1 to prevent ,labour in ,vain3 ,if it be plain and smooth within1 and the ,pad before it flat and worn1 and the ,prickles so new and perceptible1 that the ,earth seems black1 and fresh broken1 then assure your self the ,form is new1 and from thence you may ,hunt and recover the ,hare2 if the contrary1 it is old1 and if your ,hounds call upon it1 rate them off4 ,when the ,hare is started and on ,foot1 step in where you saw her pass1 and hollow in your ,hounds till they have undertaken it1 then go on with full ,cry4 ,above all1 be sure to observe her first ,doubling1 which must be your direction for all that day2 for all her other after ,doublings1 will be like that4 ,when she is thus reduced to the slights and shifts she makes by ,doublings and ,windings1 give your ,dogs ,time and ,place enough to cast about your ,rings1 for unwinding the same2 and observe her leaps and skips before she squat1 and beat curiously all likely places of ,harbour3 ,she is soon your ,prey now4 ,of ,coney ,catching4 ,their ,seasons are always1 and the way of taking them thus3 ,set ,pursenets on their ,holes1 and put in a ,ferret close muzzled1 and she will boult them out into the ,nets3 ,or blow on a sudden the ,drone of a ,bag-,pipe into the ,burrows1 and they will boult out3 ,or for want of either of these two1 take ,powder of ,orpiment and ,brimstone1 and boult them out with the ,smother3 ,but pray use this last seldom1 unless you would destroy your ,warren4 ,but for this sport ,hays are to be preferred above all4 ,of ,fox-,hunting4 ,january1 ,february1 and ,march1 are the best ,seasons for ,hunting the ,fox above ,ground1 the ,scent being then strong1 and the coldest ,weather for the ,hounds1 and best finding his ,earthing4 ,cast off your sure ,finders first1 and as the ,drag mends1 more2 but not too many at once1 because of the ,variety of ,chaces in ,woods and ,coverts4 ,the ,night before the ,day of ,hunting1 when the ,fox goes to prey at ,midnight1 find his ,earths1 and stop them with ,black ,thorns and ,earth4 ,to find him draw your ,hounds about ,groves1 ,thickets1 and ,bushes near ,villages2 ,pigs and ,poultry inviting him to such ,places to ,lurk in4 ,they make their ,earths in hard ,clay1 stony ,grounds1 and amongst ,roots of ,trees2 and have but one ,hole straight and long4 ,he is usually taken with ,hounds1 ,grey-,hounds1 ,terriers1 ,nets and ,gins4 ,of ,badger ,hunting4 ,this ,creature has several ,names1 as ,gray ,brock1 ,boreson1 or ,bauson2 and is hunted thus4 ,first go seek the ,earths and ,burrows where he lieth1 and in a clear ,moon-shine ,night1 stop all the ,holes but one or two1 and in these fasten ,sacks with drawing ,strings2 and being thus set1 cast off your ,hounds1 and beat all the ,groves1 ,hedges1 and ,tuffs within a mile or two about1 and being alarm'd by the ,dogs they will repair to their ,burrows and ,kennels1 and running into the ,bags1 are taken4 ,of the ,martern or wild ,cat4 ,these two ,chases are usually hunted in ,england1 and are as great ,infesters of ,warrens1 as the two last mentioned ,vermine1 but are not purposely to be sought after2 unless the ,huntsman see their place of ,prey1 and can go to it2 and if the ,hound chance to cross them1 sport may be had4 ,but no ,rule can be prescribed how to find or hunt them4 ,of the ,otter4 ,this ,creature useth to lye near ,rivers in his ,lodging1 which he cunningly and artificially builds with ,boughs1 ,twigs and ,sticks4 ,a great ,devourer of ,fish4 ,it is a very sagacious and exquisitely ,smelling ,creature1 and much ,cunning and ,craft is required to hunt him4 ,but to take him1 observe this in short4 ,being provided with ,otter-,spears to watch his ,vents1 and good ,otter-,hounds1 beat both sides of the ,river's ,banks1 and you'll soon find if there is any4 ,if you find him1 and perceive where he swims under ,water1 get to stand before him when he ,vents1 7i4e4 takes breath7 and endeavour to strike him with the ,spear3 ,if you miss him1 follow him with your ,hound1 and if they are good for ,otter1 they will certainly beat every ,tree root1 ,bul-rush ,bed1 or ,osier-,bed1 so that he cannot escape you4 ,of the wild ,goat4 ,the ,wild-,goat is as big and as fleshy as a ,hart1 but not so long-legg'd4 ,the best time for hunting them is1 at ,all-hallontide2 and having observed the ,advantages of the ,coasts1 ,rocks1 and ,places where the ,goats lie1 set ,nets and ,toils towards the ,rivers and ,bottoms2 for 'tis not to be imagined1 the ,dogs can follow them down every place of the ,mountains4 ,stand some on the tops of the ,rocks1 and as occasion offers throw down ,stones2 and place your ,relays at the small ,brooks or ,waters1 where the ,goat comes down2 but let them not tarry1 till the ,hounds come in1 that were cast off4 ,thus much for ,hunting4 ,of ,,riding4 ,here we must first examine the ,ends and ,design of our proposing this ,art to our selves1 and accordingly lay down as briefly as may be the necessary ,rules and ,lessons are to be observed and learnt2 and ,i take these to be the usual ,perfections we aim at4 ,to ride well the great ,horse1 for the ,wars or ,service1 and the ,horse for ,pleasure2 of both which as concisely as ,i can1 in their order4 ,we must begin with ,taming a young ,colt4 ,after you have kept him at home some time1 and made him so ,familiar with you1 as to suffer ,combing1 ,currying1 ,handling1 and ,stroaking any part1 'tis high time then to offer him the ,saddle1 which you must lay in the ,manger first1 that by its smell1 he may not be afraid of it1 or the ,styrrups ,noise4 ,then gently saddling him 7after his dressing7 take a sweet ,watering ,trench1 anointed with ,honey and ,salt1 and place it in his ,mouth so1 that it may hang directly over his ,tush2 then lead him abroad in your hand1 and ,water him2 and after he has stood an hour rein'd take off his ,bridle and ,saddle1 and let him feed till ,evening2 then do as in the ,morning2 dress and ,cloath him1 having ,cherisht1 by the ,voice delivered smoothly and gently2 or by the ,hand by gently stroaking and clapping him on the neck1 or ,buttock2 or lastly by the ,rod1 by rubbing it on his ,withers or ,main4 ,on the next day as before2 and after that1 put him on a strong ,musrole1 or sharp ,cavezan1 and ,martingale2 which is the best guide to a ,horse for setting his head in due place1 forming the ,rein1 and appearing ,graceful and ,comely2 it ,corrects the yerking out his ,head1 or ,nose1 and prevents his running away with his ,rider4 ,observe therefore to place it right1 that it be not buckled straight1 but loose1 and so low1 that it rest on the tender ,grizsle of his ,nose1 to make him the more sensible of his fault1 and ,correction2 and so as you see you win his ,head1 bring him straighter by degrees2 let him but gently feel it1 till his ,head be brought to its true perfection4 ,having observed this well1 lead him forth into some soft or new ,plowed ,land1 trot him about in your hand a good while3 ,then offer to ,mount2 if he refuse to suffer you1 trot him again2 then putting your foot into the ,styrrop1 mount half way2 if he takes it impatient1 correct him1 and about again2 if not1 cherish him1 and place your self a moment in the ,saddle1 dismount1 cherish1 and feed him with ,grass1 or ,bread3 ,all things being well1 remount1 even in the ,saddle1 keeping your ,rod from his ,eye2 then let one lead him by the ,chaff-,halter1 and ever and a-non make him stand1 and cherish him1 till he will of his own accord go forward2 then come home1 alight gently1 dress and feed him well4 ,this ,course in few dayes will bring him to ,trot1 by following some other ,horse-man1 stop him now and then gently1 and forward2 not forgetting seasonable ,cherishings and ,corrections1 by ,voice1 ,bridle1 ,rod1 ,spurs4 ,being thus brought to some certainty of ,rein1 and ,trotting forth-right1 then to the treading forth of the large ,rings4 ,and here first examine your ,horses ,nature1 before you choose your ,ground1 for1 if his ,nature be dull and sloathful1 yet strong1 then ,new-,plow'd-,field is best2 if ,active1 ,quick and ,fiery1 then ,sandy-ground is to be preferred2 in the most proper of which mark out a large ,ring1 of a ,hundred paces circumference4 ,walk about it on the right seven or eight times1 then by a little straightning your right ,rein1 and laying your left leg calf to his side1 make a half ,circle within the ,ring upon your right down to its ,center2 then by straightning a little your left ,rein1 and laying your right ,leg ,calf to his side1 make a half ,circle to your left hand1 from the ,center to the outmost ,verge1 and these you see contrary turned make a ,roman ,s4 ,now to your first large ,compass1 walk him about on your left hand1 as oft as before on the right1 and change to your right within your ,ring2 then ,trot him first on the right-hand1 then on the left1 as long as you judge fit1 and as often ,mornings and ,evenings1 as the ,nature of your ,horse shall require4 ,in the same manner you may make him to ,gallop the same ,rings1 though you must not enter it all at once1 but by degrees1 first a ,quarter1 then a ,half-quarter2 and the ,lightness and ,cheerfulness of your ,body1 not the ,spur1 must induce him to it4 ,the next ,lesson is to ,stop ,fair1 ,comely1 and without ,danger4 ,first see that the ,ground be hard and firm1 then having cherisht your ,horse1 bring him to a swift ,trot1 about ,fifty ,paces1 and then straightly suddenly draw in your ,bridle hand2 then ease a little your hand to make him give backward1 and in so doing1 give him liberty and cherish him2 then drawing in your ,bridle hand1 make him retire1 and go back2 if he strike1 ease your hand3 if he refuse1 let some by-stander put him back1 that he may learn your intention and thus he may learn these two ,lessons at once4 ,to ,advance before1 when he stoppeth1 is thus taught3 ,when you stop your ,horse1 without easing your hand1 lay close and hard to his sides both ,calves of your ,legs1 and shaking your ,rod cry1 ,up1 ,up2 which he will understand by frequent ,repetition1 and ,practice3 ,this is a ,gracefull1 and ,comely ,motion1 makes a ,horse ,agile1 and ,nimble1 and ready to turn2 and therefore be careful in it3 ,that he take up his ,legs ,even together1 and bending to his ,body2 not too high1 for fear of his coming over2 not sprawling1 or pawing2 or for his own pleasure2 in these faults correct him with ,spur and ,rod4 ,to ,yerk out behind is the next ,lesson1 thus learnt1 ,presently upon your making him stop give him a good brisk jerk near his ,flank1 which will make him soon understand you4 ,when he does it1 cherish him2 and see he does it comely1 for to yerk out his hinder ,legs1 till his ,forelegs be above ,ground1 is not graceful2 or one ,leg yerk't farther out than the other2 or one ,leg out while the other is on the ,ground2 in this case a single ,spur on the faulty side1 is best4 ,but to help him in ,yerking1 staying his ,mouth on the ,bridle1 striking your ,rod under his ,belly1 or ,touching him on the ,rump with it4 ,to ,turn readily on both hands1 thus3 ,bring his large ,rings narrower1 and therein gently walk him1 till acquainted4 ,then carry your ,bridle-hand steady and straight1 the outmost rather straighter than the inmost ,rein1 to look from1 rather than to the ,ring2 trot him thus about1 on one side and the other successively1 as aforesaid4 ,after some time stop1 and make him advance twice or more1 and retire in an even ,line2 then stop and cherish him4 ,to it again1 after the same manner1 making him lap his outmost ,leg above a foot over his ,inner4 ,and thus the ,terra a ,terra1 ,incavalere ,chambletta1 are all taught together4 ,perfect your ,horse in the large ,ring1 and the straight ,ring is easily learnt4 ,your ,horse being brought thus far to perfection1 with the ,musrole and ,trench1 now let a gentle ,cavezan take their place2 with a smooth ,cannon-,bit in his ,mouth1 and a plain watering ,chain1 ,cheek large1 and the ,kirble thick1 round and big1 loosely hanging on his nether ,lip2 and thus mount him1 and perfect your ,horse with the ,bit in all the aforesaid ,lessons1 as you did with the ,snaffle2 which indeed is the easier to be done of the two4 ,to teach your ,horse ,to go a side1 as a necessary ,motion for shunning a blow from an ,enemy1 is thus3 ,draw up your ,bridle hand somewhat straight1 and if you would have him go on the ,right1 lay your left ,rein close to his ,neck1 and your left ,calf likewise close to his side 7as in the ,incavalere before7 making him lap his left ,leg over his ,right2 then turning your ,rod backward jerking him on the left hinder ,thigh gently1 make him to bring to the right side his ,hinder parts1 and stand as at first in an even direct ,line3 ,then make him remove his ,fore parts more1 that he may stand as it were ,cross over the even ,line1 and then bring his hinder parts after1 and stand in an even ,line1 again4 ,and thus you must do1 if you would have him go on the ,left hand1 using your ,corrections and ,cherishings on the right4 ,use it1 and you may be sure of ,perfection4 ,for the ,carreere1 only take this3 ,let it not extend in length above six score yards1 give your ,horse warning before you start him by the ,bridle hand1 and running full speed1 stop him suddenly1 firm and close on his ,buttock4 ,for the ,horse of ,pleasure1 these following ,lessons are to be learnt4 ,as first to ,bound aloft1 to do which3 ,trot him some sixteen yards1 then stop1 and make him twice advance2 then straighten your ,bridle-hand2 then clap briskly both your ,spurs even together to him1 and he will rise1 tho' it may at first amaze him2 if he does it1 cherish him1 and repeat it often every day1 till perfect4 ,next to ,corvet and ,capriole are ,motions of the same nature1 and in short are thus taught4 ,hollow the ground between two joyning ,walls a ,horses length1 by the side of which put a strong smooth ,post of the same length from the ,wall1 and fasten at the ,wall an ,iron ,ring over against the ,post3 ,thus done1 ride into the hollow place1 and fasten one of the ,cavezan ,reins to the ,post1 and the other to the ,ring2 then cherish him1 and by the help of the ,calves of your ,legs1 make him advance two or three times2 then pause1 and ,cherish him2 make him advance again a dozen times more1 and then rest2 double your ,advancings1 and repeat them till it becomes habitual to him1 to keep his ,ground certain1 advance of an equal hight before and behind1 and observe a due ,time with the motions of your ,legs4 ,the ,inequality of his advancing his hinder ,legs1 is helpt by a ,jerk on the ,fillets by some body behind him with a ,rod4 ,of ,,racing4 ,a ,racer must have the ,finest ,cleanest ,shape possible1 and above all1 ,nimble1 ,quick1 and ,fiery1 apt to ,fly with the least ,motion2 nor is a long ,bodied contemptible1 it assuring ,speed1 tho' it signifies ,weakness too4 ,the ,arabian1 ,barbary1 or his ,bastard1 are esteemed the best for this ,use1 these excelling ,fennets1 tho' they are good too4 ,having furnished your self with a ,horse thus qualified1 you are to observe his right and due ,ordering1 before your designed ,racing4 ,bartholomew-tide is the most proper time to take him from ,grass2 the day before being ,dry1 ,fair1 and ,pleasant3 ,that ,night let him stand conveniently1 to empty his ,body2 the next day ,stable him1 and feed him with ,wheat-straw that day1 and no longer2 lest you exceeding that time1 it straighten his ,guts1 heat his ,liver1 and hurt his ,blood2 for want of ,straw1 ,riding him ,morning and ,evening to ,water1 ,airing1 or other moderate ,exercises will serve4 ,then feed him with good old sweet ,hay1 and according to the ,season1 and ,temperature of his ,body clothe him2 for a ,smooth ,coat shews ,cloth enough1 and a ,rough ,coat want of it4 ,observe likewise where you ,water1 your ,race-,horse1 that it be a ,running ,water1 or clear ,spring1 far distant 7a ,mile or more7 from the ,stable1 adjoyning to some ,level2 where after he has once well drank ,gallop him1 and so ,water and ,scope him till that he refuse to drink more1 for that time2 then ,walk him gently ,home 7being an ,hour on your way1 or more7 clothe1 and stop him round with soft ,whisps1 and let him stand an ,hour upon his ,bridle1 and after feed him with sweet sound ,oats1 throughly dryed either with ,age1 ,kilne1 or ,sun2 if he be low of flesh1 or bad ,stomacht1 add a third part of clean ,old ,beans1 or two parts of ,oats1 or ,wash his ,oats in strong ,beer or ,ale4 ,for ,dressing take these ,rules4 ,dress your ,horse twice a day1 before you ,water him1 both ,morning1 and ,evening1 thus3 ,curry him after he is uncloath'd1 from his ,ear-tips to his ,tayle1 and his whole ,body intirely 7save his ,legs under the ,knees1 and ,cambrels7 with an ,iron-,comb2 then ,dust him1 and ,rub him with a ,brush of ,bristles over again2 ,dust him again1 and wetting your hand in clean ,water1 rub off all the loose ,hairs1 and so rub him dry as at first2 then with a fine ,hair ,cloth rub him all over2 and lastly1 with a fine ,linnen ,cloth2 and then pick his ,eyes1 ,nostrils1 ,sheath1 ,cods1 ,tuel1 and ,feet clean4 ,the best ,food for your ,racer1 is good1 sweet1 well dryed1 sunned1 and beaten ,oats3 ,or else ,bread made of one part ,beans1 and two parts ,wheat 7i4e47 two ,bushels ,wheat1 to one of ,beans1 ground together3 ,boult through a fine ,range half a ,bushel of fine ,meal1 and bake that into two or three ,loaves by it self1 and with water and good store of ,barm1 knead up1 and bake the rest in great ,loaves1 having sifted it through a ,meal-sieve3 7,but to your finer1 you would do well to put the whites of ,twenty or thirty ,eggs1 and with the ,barm a little ,ale1 'tis no matter how little water37 ,with the ,courser feed him on his ,resting days1 on his ,labouring days with the finer4 ,the best time for feeding your ,runner on his ,resting days is1 after his ,watering in the ,morning1 at ,one a ,clock at ,noon1 after his watering in the ,evening1 and at nine or ten a ,clock at nights3 ,on his ,days of ,labour1 two ,hours after he is throughly ,cold outwardly and inwardly1 as before4 ,as for the ,proportion of ,meat1 ,i shall not confine your ,love to a ,quantity1 only give him a little at once1 as long as his ,appetite is ,good3 ,when he begins to fumble and play with his ,meat1 hold your hand1 shut up your ,sack4 ,as for his ,exercise it ought to be thrice a ,week1 as his bodily ,condition requires2 if he be foul1 moderate ,exercise will break his ,grease2 if clean1 then as you judge best1 taking heed of breaking his ,mettle1 or discouraging him1 or laming his ,limbs4 ,before you air him1 to add to his ,wind1 it is requisite to give him a raw ,egg broken in his ,mouth3 if your ,horse be very fat1 air him before ,sun rising and after ,sun-set2 if lean1 deprive him not of the least strength and ,comfort of the ,sun you can devise4 ,to make him ,sweat sometimes by coursing him in his ,cloaths is necessary1 if moderate2 but without his ,cloaths1 let it be sharp and swift4 ,see that he be empty before you course him2 and it is wholesome to wash his ,tongue and ,nostrils with ,vinegar2 or piss in his ,mouth1 before you back him4 ,and after his ,exercise1 cool him before you come home1 house1 litter and rub him well and dry2 then cloath him1 and give him after every ,course a ,scouring thus prepared4 ,for scouring a ,race-,horse4 ,take #bj ,raisins of the ,sun stoned1 #aj ,figs slit in the midst1 boyl them till they be thick in a ,pottle of fair ,water1 mix it with ,powder of ,annis-seeds1 ,lycoras1 and ,sugar-candy1 till it come to a stiff ,paste1 make them into round ,balls1 roul them in ,butter1 and give him three or four of them the next morning after his ,course1 and ride him an hour after1 and then set him up ,warm4 ,or this may be preferred1 being both a ,purge and a ,restorative1 a ,cleanser and a ,comforter1 thus prepared4 ,take three ,ounces of ,annis-seeds1 six ,drams of ,cummin-seeds1 one ,dram and half of ,carthamus1 one ,ounce and two ,drams of ,fennugreek-seed1 one ,ounce and half of ,brimstone2 ,beat all these to a fine ,powder1 and searse them2 then take a ,pint and two ,ounces of ,sallet-,oyl1 a ,pint and half of ,honey1 and a ,pottle of ,white-,wine2 then with a sufficient ,quantity of fine white ,meal1 knead and work all well into a stiff ,paste2 keep it in a clean ,cloath1 for use4 ,when occasion requires1 dissolve a ,ball of it in a ,pail of ,water1 and after ,exercise give it him to drink in the ,dark1 that he may not see the ,colour1 and refuse it3 ,if he does refuse1 let ,fasting force him to be of another mind4 ,to conclude1 these ,instructions1 ,i will give you 'em in short before you run1 and then away as fast as you can4 ,course not your ,horse hard four or five days before your ,match1 lest you make his ,limbs sore1 and abate his ,speed4 ,muzzle him not 7except a foul ,feeder7 above two or three ,nights before the ,race1 and the ,night before his bloody ,courses4 ,give him sharp1 as well at gentle1 ,courses on the ,race he is to run4 ,shoe him a day before you run him4 ,let him be empty on the ,match ,day4 ,saddle him in the ,stable1 and fix to him the ,girths and ,pannel with ,shoe-makers ,wax4 ,lead him with all ,gentleness to his ,course1 and let him smell other ,horses ,dung to provoke him to stale1 c4 ,and ,lastly1 being come to the starting place1 rub him well1 uncloath him2 then take his ,back1 and the ,word given1 with all ,gentleness and ,quietness possible1 start and away2 ,and ,god speed you well4 ,school of ,recreation4 ,how to make ,artificial ,fire-works of all sorts1 for ,pleasure1 c4 ,of ,artificial ,fire-works for ,recreation1 there are three general sorts1 viz4 ,those that ascend or mount in the ,air4 ,those that consume on the ,earth3 ,and such as burn on the ,water4 ,and these are again divided into three ,particulars1 viz4 ,for the ,air1 the ,sky-,rocket1 the flying ,saucisson1 and ,balloon3 ,for the ,earth1 the ,ground-,rocket1 the fiery ,lances1 and the ,saucissons descendent4 ,for the ,water-,globes or ,balls1 double ,rockets1 and single ,rockets2 and of these in their particular ,orders1 to make them1 and such other ,matters as may occur relating to ,fire-works4 ,but before ,i enter particularly on them1 it will not be amiss to give the ,unlearned ,instructions for making his ,moulds for ,rockets1 c4 ,this ,mould must be of a substantial piece of ,wood1 well season'd1 and not subject to split or warp2 and first the ,caliber or ,bore of it1 being an ,inch in ,diameter2 the ,mould must be six ,inches long1 and ,breech an ,inch and half2 the ,broach that enters into the ,choaking part1 three ,inches and a half long1 and in ,thickness a quarter of an ,inch4 ,the ,rowler on which you wrap the ,paper or ,paste board1 being three quarters of an ,inch ,diameter1 and the ,rammer somewhat less1 that it may easily pass and re-pass1 made hollow to receive the ,broach2 for the ,cartoush ,coffin must be filled with the ,materials1 the ,broach being in4 ,if the ,bore be two ,inches ,diameter1 the ,rocket must be twelve ,inches in ,length3 ,if an inch and a half in ,bore1 then nine ,inches ,long1 and so proportionably to any other ,diameter4 ,the ,cartoush or ,case must be either strong ,paper or fine ,paste-board1 choaked within an ,inch and a quarter of the ,top1 rowled on the ,rowler with a thin ,paste1 to keep the ,doublings the higher together1 that it may have the greater force and higher flight4 ,having thus far considered your ,mould and ,cartoush or ,case1 ,i proceed to the ,composition and filling part1 c4 ,a ,sky-,rocket1 how to make it1 c4 ,in the ,composition of your filling ,materials be very cautious that you exceed not the just ,proportion1 for which ,i shall give ,directions to be a ,standard in this case1 viz4 ,having beat a ,pound of ,powder very fine1 and sifted it through a ,lawn ,sieve that no whole ,corns remain in it2 do the like by two ,ounces of ,charcole2 then sift them together1 so that they may mix well1 which done1 fill a small ,rocket with this ,mixture1 and if it break in ,mounting before it come to the supposed height1 or burns out too fierce1 then is there too much ,powder1 and more fine sifted ,charcole must be added2 but if there be too much ,charcole in the ,composition1 then upon tryal it will not ascend1 or very little4 ,observe in charging your ,rocket1 at every quarter of an ounce of ,ingredients or thereabouts1 you ram it down very hard1 forcing your ,rammer with a wooden ,mallet1 or some weighty piece of ,wood1 but no ,iron or ,stone1 for fear any ,sparkles of ,fire fly out and take your ,combustible ,matter2 so fill it by degrees3 ,if you design neither to place ,stars1 ,quills1 or small ,rockets on its ,head1 you may put in about an ,inch and a half of dry ,powder for the ,bounce1 but if you are to place the fore-mention'd things on the ,head of a great ,rocket1 you must close down the ,paper or ,paste-board very hard1 and prick two or three holes with a ,bodkin1 that it may give fire to them when it ,expires1 placing a large ,cartoush or ,paste-board on the head of the ,rocket1 into which you must put the ,stars or small ,rockets1 ,paper-,serpents1 or ,quill-,serpents2 of which ,i shall speak more hereafter4 ,note further1 ,that if you would have your ,rocket sparkle much1 you must put some grosly bruised ,salt peter into the ,composition2 but then it must not lie long before it be let off1 for fear it give and damp the ,powder4 ,if you would have it leave a blue ,stream1 as it ascends1 put fine beaten and sifted ,sulphur into it1 but of neither of these more than a third part of ,charcole2 and in this manner greater and lesser ,rockets are made1 but the lesser must have more ,powder and less ,charcole than the greater1 by a fifth part in six4 ,golden ,rain1 and ,golden ,hair4 ,for ,golden ,rain1 or streams of fire1 that will1 when at height1 descend in the ,air like ,rain3 ,take large ,goose-,quills1 take only the hollow ,quill as long as may be1 fill it with beaten ,powder and ,charcole2 as for the ,air ,rocket only add a little ,powder of ,sulphur4 ,being hard filled to a quarter of an ,inch1 stop that with wet ,powder1 called ,wild-fire2 place as many as you think convenient on the ,head of a great ,rocket1 pasted on in a ,rowl of ,paper1 so that it may not fall off till the ,rocket bursts1 there being a little dry ,powder in it to force the end when the stream of fire ceases1 at which time they taking1 will appear like a shower of ,fire of a golden ,colour1 spreading themselves in the ,air1 and then tending directly downwards4 ,this is to be considered when you stand directly1 or something near under them2 but if you are at some distance1 then they will appear to you like the ,blazing ,tail of a ,comet or ,golden ,hair4 ,silver ,stars1 ,how to make them4 ,to make ,stars that will expand in ,flame1 and appear like natural ,stars in the ,firmament for a time3 ,take half a ,pound of ,salt-peter1 the like quantity of ,brimstone1 finely beaten together1 sifted and mingled with a quarter of a ,pound of ,gunpowder so ordered3 ,then wrap up the ,composition in ,linnen ,rags or fine ,paper1 to the quantity of a ,walnut1 bind them with small ,thread1 and prick holes in the ,rag or ,paper with a ,bodkin1 and place six or ten of them on the ,head of a great ,rocket1 as you did the ,quills1 and when the ,rocket expires1 they take fire and spread into a ,flame1 hovering in the ,air like ,stars1 and descend leisurely till the matter is spent that gives them light4 ,red fiery ,colour'd ,stars1 ,how to make them4 ,take in this ,case half a ,pound of ,powder1 and double the quantity of ,salt-peter2 as much fine flower of ,brimstone as ,powder1 wet them with fair ,water and ,oyl of ,petrolum till they will stick together like ,pellets2 then make them up somewhat less than the former1 and rowl them in sifted dry ,powder1 then let them harden1 by drying in the ,sun or ,air1 and place them on a great ,rocket1 as you did the other ,stars1 and you will perceive them when the ,rocket is at the height1 fall1 like ,bodies or ,globes of ,fire1 in the manner as if real ,stars were shooting or falling from the ,sky1 for by reason of their wetness or density they cannot expand into ,flame1 which occasions them by the pressure of their weight to descend with greater ,impetuosity till they waste and vanish into ,air1 c4 ,another sort of ,stars that give great ,reports in the ,air1 as if ,armies were fighting4 ,here you must observe to place six1 seven1 or eight small ,rockets on the ,head of a great one1 filled only with dry ,powder1 but indifferently rammed1 and on the ends of them holes being prick'd through1 place any of the sorts of ,stars1 or a mixture1 as your fancy leads you2 and when the small ,rockets go off like ,thunder in the ,air1 the ,stars will take fire1 so that the ,noise will seem to the ,spectators as if it proceeded from them1 because they will be seen on fire before the ,sound of the ,reports can be heard4 ,to make ,paste-board ,mortars for ,balloons4 ,these stately ,prospects of ,fire are to be carried into the ,air by the force of ,powder1 by the help of ,mortars2 and therefore the making of the ,mortars are in the first place to be considered4 ,take a ,rowler of ,wood1 about #ab ,inches ,diameter1 and three ,foot and a half in ,length1 wet strong ,paste-board1 and rowl upon it as close as may be1 glewing the ,paste-board between each ,rowling2 then being about five ,inches thick1 bind over it strong pitch'd ,rope1 though indifferent small3 ,then choak the ,breech of it1 which must be beyond the length of the ,rowler1 with a strong ,cord2 pitch or glue it over that the ,powder may not force its vent that way1 and so when the ,mortar is well dry'd1 draw out the ,rowler1 and make it as even as can be2 bore a ,touch-hole two ,inches from the ,breech1 that it may enter into the hollow of the ,mortar1 and set it by for use4 ,to make ,balloons1 the rarity of ,fire-works4 ,take strong ,paper1 or ,paste-board1 rowl it on a #ab ,inch ,rowler1 near as thick as 'tis long1 then with a strong small ,cord choke it at one end only1 leaving a ,port-fire1 which is a place to put in a ,quill of ,wild-fire1 that will last till being shot out of the ,mortar it comes to its height2 then next to that put on an ,ounce and a half of loose ,powder1 and place in it as many small ,rockets and ,stars as it will hold2 so choak up the other end quite4 ,you may also put into it little quills of ,wild-fire1 then being closed up1 only a ,port-fire remaining1 which made of a ,quill of ,wild-fire1 as is said1 or ,stopple1 to make which in the close of this ,head ,i shall ,instruct you1 ,charge the ,mortar1 being set ,sloaping upwards with half a ,pound of corn ,powder1 and it will by giving fire at the priming holes1 send the ,balloon up into the ,air a prodigeous height1 and when it comes to the dry ,powder1 that will break the ,balloon2 and then the ,stars and ,rockets in it taking fire1 will scatter abroad in various curious ,figures delightful to the ,spectators2 and as they are ,cunningly placed1 they will represent ,crowns1 ,cyphers1 ,characters1 ,dates of the ,year1 c4 ,the ,airy or flying ,saucisson1 ,how to make it4 ,this curious ,fire-work must be made in the ,composition matter for filling mostly of corned ,powder1 putting before it when you fill the ,cartoush or ,case as much fine sifted ,powder and ,charcole as composed for the ,rocket1 will carry it to its height2 leave a hole for the ,port-fire in the choaking as big as a ,goose-,quill will enter filling it with ,dust-,powder and ,charcole1 and so close up the open end1 by turning in the ,paper or ,paste-board corner-wise1 either glewing or waxing it down4 ,paste-board ,guns to cast the ,saucissons into the ,air1 ,how to make them4 ,to make these kind of ,guns1 ,take a ,rowler1 some what less than for the ,balloon1 ,rowel on it your ,paste-board1 and cord it over with strong ,packthread1 making their ,touch-holes at the bottom1 because they must be placed upright on a ,plank or ,board in a ,row fixed into the ,plank or ,board in holes cut proportionable to them1 and lashed fast to ,staples above and beneath with strong ,cords1 and being charged with a quarter of a ,pound of ,powder1 fire by ,match or otherways1 given to the ,touch-hole underneath the ,plank1 when the ,saucisson is lightly put in with the ,neck or ,port-fire downward1 so that it may touch the ,powder2 and this will serve for ,use a considerable time4 ,saucissons for the ,earth or ,water1 ,to make them4 ,make your ,cartoushes or ,cases about #i ,inches long1 and an ,inch in the ,diameter of the ,calliber1 by ,rowling ,paper or thin ,paste-board on a woodden ,rowler2 choak the ends only1 leaving at one end a passage to thrust in a ,goose-,quill filled with ,dust-,powder and ,charcole well mixed1 at a ,port-fire1 ,glue them over1 or use small ,cord glued or pitched to strengthen the ,case that it burst not unseasonably by the force of the ,composition1 with which you must fill them when you have choaked2 only at the ,port-fire end1 the ,composition being about #b ,inches1 the same as the former1 the rest corned ,powder1 having primed and fixed them on a ,plank in a ,row about a foot distance1 lay a train of ,stouple1 and they will fire gradually1 flying about on the ,earth or the ,water1 according as you place them1 giving reports like a ,volley of ,muskets4 ,this ,stouple is useful for ,trains2 and ,port-fire is no more than ,cotton-wool well dressed in water and ,gun-powder dryed in the ,sun1 or in a clean ,swept warm ,oven1 that it may come somewhat near ,tinder1 but more swift and fiercer in its fire when it has ,taken4 ,fire-,boxes1 ,to make them4 ,take a great ,cartoush or ,case made1 as for the ,balloon1 croud it full of small ,rockets or ,serpents1 with the choaked part downward1 prime them with ,stouple or ,wild-fire2 fix it firm on a ,pole1 make a priming ,hole in the side towards the lower end1 and run in a ,quill of fine beaten ,powder1 and they will fly out 7the upper end being left open7 one by one as swift as may1 or if you scatter loose ,powder they will fly out several together with a prodigeous ,noise1 and breaking1 imitating a deal of ,thunder4 ,firey ,lances1 ,how to make them4 ,these are usually for running on the ,water making there a very pleasant ,pass-time3 ,their cartoush or ,cases are made like the small ,rocket1 with thin ,paste-board glued and rowled up on a wooden ,rowler about #i ,inches long3 ,if you would have it carry a long fiery ,tail on the ,water1 the ,composition must be #b ,ounces of ,charcole1 half a ,pound of ,brimstone1 half a ,pound of ,powder1 and half a ,pound of ,salt-peter1 or proportionable for so many as you make1 bruised finely and ,sifted2 but if you would have it burn bright like a ,torch1 put only four ,ounces of ,powder to the fore-named quantity of ,brimstone and ,salt-peter1 without any ,charcole-dust1 tying to each ,line a ,rod in the same nature as to the ,sky-,rocket2 but not of that largeness2 and they will float about a long time1 making a strange shew in a dark ,night1 their ends being so placed on a frame when you give fire1 that they may leap out of them selves one1 two1 or three1 at a time1 or as you design them1 by putting more or less ,stouple for ,port-fires2 scatter a very small quantity of loose ,powder underneath4 ,to make the appearance of ,trees and ,fountains of ,fire4 ,this is done by placing many little ,rockets on the ,head of a great one1 by passing their slender ,rods through its large ,cartoush2 and if they take fire whilst the ,rocket is vigorously ,ascending1 they will spring up like ,branches or fiery ,trees2 but if they go off just as the ,rocket is spent1 and ,descending1 they will appear like a ,fountain of ,fire4 ,girondels or ,fire-wheels1 ,how to make them4 ,take a ,wheel of light ,wood1 like the circle of a ,spinning-wheel1 on which the ,band is placed2 tie small ,rockets round it in the nature of a ,band1 so fast that they cannot fly off1 and so ,head to ,tail1 that the first fired when it bursts may give fire to the next1 whose force will carry the ,wheel 7which must be placed on a strong ,pin in the ,axeltree7 round so fast that although but one ,rocket go off at a time1 it will seem all on fire1 and so continue whilst all are gradually ,spent2 and this especially at the ,angles of great ,fire-works are very ,ornamental4 ,ground-,rockets1 and the best way of ,making ,serpents4 ,the ,mould of the ,ground-,rocket may be made in all particulars like that for the ,sky-,rocket1 but less in ,length and ,circumference1 six1 seven1 or eight ,inches being a warrantable ,length2 rowl on the ,cartoush or ,case to a moderate thickness2 choak it at one end1 fill it1 the ,broach being in as the ,sky-rocket2 with this composition4 ,put but an ounce of ,charcole to a ,pound of ,powder1 and about half an ,ounce of ,salt-peter2 beat1 mingle and sift them finely2 put in about a quarter of an ounce between every ,raming till it is full with in an ,inch with corned ,powder1 ,lightly ,raming it1 leaving only so much room as may choak it at that end1 cutting then off what hangs over1 and leaving it with a picked end2 being thus finished1 prime it with a little wet ,powder1 and lay it a drying till you dispose of it for your pass-time4 ,the ,serpent is a kind of a small ,rocket2 ,to make them therefore well1 make a ,case of strong white ,paper1 about six ,inches and a half1 the ,rowler being about the thickness of a small ,arrow1 it must have a ,head and a ,broach proportionable1 being ,rowled up hard1 past the ,edg that turns over2 choak it with a strong ,pack-thread1 and fill it with a ,composition of six ounces of ,powder to one of ,charcole1 both beaten finely1 sifted and well mingled2 put in a little and little at time in1 and every time you put any in1 ,ram it down hard till within an ,inch full2 then put in corned ,powder1 press it down gently1 and with the end of your ,rammer force down the end that stands a little above2 so that it may cover the ,powder1 and then ,seal it down with ,wax2 prime with ,dust-,powder1 and a little ,flower of ,brimstone1 and with your ,match having a good ,coal on it1 give fire as you see occasion4 ,fiery ,globes or ,comets1 to make them4 ,take half a ,pound of ,powder1 two onces of ,brimstone1 an ounce of ,salt-peter1 bruise these ,grosly1 and wet them2 ,aqua-,vit and ,oyl of ,petrolum1 that they may be moulded like a ,paste1 that so they may be made up into ,balls1 as big as ordinary ,wash-,balls2 then dry them very hard1 and wrap them up in ,cerecloaths made of ,brimstone1 ,rosin1 and ,turpentine1 in which make a little whole1 and prime with ,wild-fire3 ,put the ,ball then into a ,sling1 and the ,wild-fire being ,touched1 throw it up as high as you can into the ,air1 and when the body of the ,ball fires1 it will appear to the ,beholders like a fiery ,globe1 with a ,stream or ,blaze1 like as if a ,comet or ,blazing ,star were ,ascending or ,descending1 according to its height or ,declination1 ,to try the goodness of ,powder1 that you may know its strength4 ,observe whether it be well dryed and corned1 which you have taken notice of1 and approved2 lay a few ,corns scattered on a sheet of white ,paper1 and fire them2 when if they leave a black and sooty mark behind them1 with a noisom smell1 and sindg the ,paper1 then is that ,powder gross and earthy1 and will fail your ,expectation1 if you use it in your ,fire-works3 ,but if in the sprinkling and firing there appear few or no marks1 or those of a clear bluish ,colour1 then it is airy and light1 well made1 full of fire1 and fit for ,service2 half a ,pound of it having more strength than a ,pound of the other4 ,and thus ,reader1 have ,i given you an ,insight into the making ,fire-works1 c4 ,such as are very pleasing1 and now used on occasions in all ,christian ,countries1 in making which1 by a little you may soon be perfect4 ,st4 ,george and the ,dragon fighting c4 ,also ,mermaids1 ,whales1 c4 ,form your ,figures of ,paste-board1 ,strengthen'd with ,wicker1 small ,sticks within pasted to the ,board to keep it hollow1 tight1 and bearing out2 and place a hollow ,trunk in the ,body for a large ,line to pass through1 and likewise for a smaller to draw them too1 and from each other1 that they may the better seem in ,combats1 which must be fattened at the ,dragons ,breast1 and let one end of the ,cord be tied1 which must pass through the ,body of ,st4 ,george1 turning about a ,pully at the other end1 and fastning it to his ,back1 and tye another at his ,breast1 which must pass through the ,body of the ,dragon1 or a ,trunk at his ,back2 and so returning about a ,pully at that end1 it must be drawn streight1 and fastened to the ,dragons ,tail2 so that as you turn that ,wheel1 they will run furiously at each other1 and as you please you may make them retreat and meet again1 ,soaping the ,line to make them slip the easier2 at the ,dragons ,tail1 in his ,mouth and ,eyes you must fix ,serpents1 or small ,rockets1 which being fired at their setting out1 will cause a dreadful sight in a dark ,night4 ,thus a ,mermaid1 or a ,whale1 may be made to float on the ,water1 but then the ,figure must be fixed on a convenient piece of ,board1 with two fire ,wheels fixed on an ,axle1 run through the poised part of the ,body1 by the force of which it moves in a swift ,line in the ,water2 the ,wheels must have little ,rockets or ,serpents tyed round them1 as the ,girondel before mentioned4 ,a ,fire-,drake on a ,line4 ,having made the ,figure of ,paste-board to the proper ,form of a ,dragon with ,paste-board and ,wicker1 as has been taught before1 make a hollow ,trunk through the ,body of it for a great ,line to pass through1 and fasten small ,lines to draw it too and from you at the breast and ,tail of the ,drake2 put into the ,eyes1 ,mouth and ,tail of it ,rockets so fixed1 that they cannot fly out1 as you may put ,wild-fire ,rowled up hard and long in ,paper3 ,then fire that in the ,eyes and ,mouth first1 and draw it with ,pullies from one end of the ,line to the other2 then that in the ,tail1 and draw it back1 and it will seem as retreating from danger1 with fire coming out of the ,belly of it4 ,a ,burning ,castle and ,dragon on the ,water4 ,make the ,dragon of ,paste-board and ,wicker1 as before2 ,the bottom of the ,castle of ,light ,wood1 and the work of ,paste-board with ,paper1 ,turrets and ,battlements of a foot height1 in the ,portal of the ,castle fasten a ,line that it may come level with the ,water and therefore some part of the ,castle must be under ,water2 this ,line must be fastened to the other side of the ,water1 or in the ,water1 if it be broad1 and admit not the former on a ,pole or ,stake knocked down1 and pass in a hollow ,trunk through the ,belly of a ,dragon1 that being in the ,castle1 may upon firing the ,rockets1 placed advantageously in the ,tail1 ,eyes and ,mouth1 come out of the ,castle and move on the ,line2 to meet which1 you may at the other end of the ,line1 in the same manner1 prepare a ,neptune in a ,chariot1 or riding on a ,sea-horse1 with a burning ,trident1 or a ,whale with a ,rocket or ,wild-fire in his ,mouth2 which if it ly low1 by spouting out1 will make the ,water fly about1 as if it spouted ,fire and ,water out of its ,mouth2 then by a ,train fire1 some little ,paste-board ,guns in the ,castle1 which if the ,composition of the ,train be made of ,wild-fire1 or ,stouple1 will go off by degrees1 and coming to a ,train of ,brimstone1 ,rosin and ,powder1 make the whole frame expire in a terrible blaze4 ,a ,wheel of ,fire-works to run backwards and forwards on the ,ground4 ,procure a pair of ,wheels1 being of ,light ,wood1 like that of a ,spinning ,wheel1 fasten them on an ,axel-tree1 and place ,rockets round them1 as bands are fastened round a ,wheel1 and so primed at ,tail and ,head1 that when one ,expires the other may take fire1 half of them placed with their ,heads and ,tails the contrary way to the first3 ,so that when the first are spent1 and the ,wheels have run on plain ,ground a great way1 the other firing will turn them again1 and bring them to the place where they first set out4 ,a ,fire that will burn in the ,water1 or ,water-ball4 ,sow up a ,case of ,canvas1 like that of a ,foot-ball1 but lesser1 pitch or glue it over3 ,then take one ,pound of ,powder1 eight ounces of ,roch-alom1 four ounces of live ,sulphur1 two ounces of ,camphire1 ,linseed-oyl1 and that of ,petrolum1 each an ,ounce and half1 an ounce of ,oyl of ,spike1 with two ounces of ,colophonium bruis'd and well mixed together1 and stuff the ,ball hard with it1 with a ,stick pitch or glue it over again1 binding it with ,marline on ,pitch1 on that leave two ,vents or ,port-fires1 set it on fire1 trundle it on the ,water1 and it will burn under it4 ,the exactest ,military ,discipline for the ,exercise of ,foot and ,horse1 as in ,use at this day1 at ,home and ,abroad1 in all the ,words of ,command1 c4 ,to be well disciplin'd and train'd up in ,military ,affairs1 has been the study and pride of all ,warlike ,nations1 whereby they have acquired to themselves ,fame and ,riches1 by being able to defend themselves against ,invaders1 and gain ,conquests ,abroad2 but above all other1 for many hundred ,years past the ,english have excelled in this1 being much helped by their natural ,courage4 ,but since ,i only at this time intended to write to the ,learner1 to train him up in his ,exercise1 by which means his own ,industry and ,experience may lead him forth to greater matters4 ,i shall not enumerate the many brave ,men1 who from mean ,conditions have rais'd themselves by ,arms1 to the highest pitch of ,honour and ,preferment2 but shew our ,youth what they are to do and observe in their first ,training1 as to the ,words of ,command1 to order their ,arms in their various ,postures with ,dexterity4 ,and first of ,foot ,exercise1 ,i shall speak of the ,pike1 because it is the most ,ancient1 to ,train which1 many1 who are now great ,commanders1 have taken it as an ,honour4 ,the ,exercise of the ,pike1 by word of ,command1 c4 #a4 ,pikes take3 ,advance your ,pikes4 ,to do this1 as the first thing required1 move in a direct ,line with your ,pike upward1 with your ,left-hand near your ,side1 your ,right-hand almost as high as you can reach1 keeping your ,left by a ,depression1 as low as you can1 your ,fingers being strait out2 and so raise the ,pike till the ,butt-end come to your ,hand1 then place it between your ,breast and ,shoulder1 keeping the ,butt-end close1 that it may be the more steady and upright4 #b4 ,to the ,front4 ,to do this1 put your ,left-hand on your ,pike1 even with the ,top of your ,shoulder1 keeping your ,fingers strait1 and bring your ,pike right before you with a swift ,motion2 drawing your ,right-heel into your ,left-instep1 and so keep the ,pike strait4 #c4 ,charge4 ,here you must fall back with your ,right-leg1 placing the ,heel of your ,left foot against the middle of your ,right1 and bring down your ,pike with a quick ,motion1 support it with your ,left-,elbow1 and charge ,breast high2 and upon yielding your ,body forward1 bend your ,left-knee to fix your self firmer1 holding the ,butt end of your ,pike in the ,palm of your ,right-hand1 your ,left-,toe pointing in a ,line with the ,spear of the ,pike1 your ,feet set at a moderate distance3 ,then bring it down somewhat beneath your ,breast1 be cautious of clattering1 and when it is charged1 close it to your ,breast4 #d4 ,to the ,right four times4 ,here turn your ,left-toe to the ,right1 then make your ,left-heel come up to your ,right-instep with a sudden ,motion1 ,recovering your ,pike strait before you1 and having turn'd1 fall back with your ,right-leg1 and ,charge as before4 #e4 ,to the ,right about4 ,now by turning your ,left-toe1 bring it to the ,right about1 bringing up your ,right-heel2 your ,pike being recovered1 ,charge with much swiftness4 #f4 ,as you were4 ,to do this1 by turning to the ,left about1 bring up your ,left toe2 so bringing your ,pike recovered1 observe that your ,left hand be never higher than your ,mouth1 your ,feet placed in order1 and when turn'd1 you must fall back with your ,right-leg and ,charge1 bringing your ,pike strait up without any clattering4 #g4 ,to the ,left four times4 #h4 ,to the ,left about4 #i4 ,as you were4 #aj4 ,advance your ,pike4 ,these must be done1 as has been shewed in the ,right1 only making your ,observation of ,eight ,left ,motions1 c4 ,and the better to do this1 bring your ,right-heel to your ,left-instep2 your ,pike being before you1 fall out with your ,right-foot1 and so bring your ,pike to your ,right-,thigh4 #aa4 ,shoulder your ,pike4 ,here extend your ,fingers on the ,left-hand1 and lay it on the ,pike level with your ,shoulder2 make your ,right-heel come up even with your ,left-instep1 your ,pike right before you1 fall back with your ,right-leg1 and as far as may be put back your ,right-arm1 keeping your ,pike about half a ,foot from your ,side1 your ,eye fixed on the ,spear directly to the ,rear1 your ,pike sloped3 ,then forsake it with your ,left-hand1 and bring in your ,right-leg1 laying your ,pike on your ,right-,shoulder1 closing your ,elbow to your ,body1 the ,butt of your ,pike being about half a ,foot from the ,ground1 in the middle of the distance4 #ab4 ,charge to the ,front4 ,in doing this1 fall back with your ,right-leg1 keeping as much as may be your ,arm back1 and the ,spear exactly to the ,rear1 sloaping the ,pike to the same height as ,shouldering2 then bring with your ,left-hand the ,butt-end backwards1 turning the ,head with your ,right2 so quit it with that ,hand1 then taking hold on the ,butt-end1 ,charge ,breast high1 keeping the ,palm of your ,hand open against the ,butt-end1 your ,left-,elbow under the ,pike1 and your ,left-toe in ,line with the ,spear2 and when you ,charge it must be directly forward1 your ,left-heel being just against the middle of your ,right4 #ac4 ,shoulder as you were4 ,here raise your ,pike with both ,hands1 so quit it with the ,right1 and with the ,left turn the ,head backwards1 the ,spear even with the ,rear2 so with your ,right-hand seize it again as high as you can reach with little straining1 and stand with it from your ,body aslope2 bring up your ,right-leg1 and then forsake your ,pike with your ,left-hand1 and lay it on your ,shoulder1 ever keeping the ,spear in a direct ,point to the ,rear1 not crossing your ,fellows4 #ad4 ,charge to the ,right4 ,in this ,case fall back with your ,right-,arm and ,leg1 the ,spear being kept in the ,rear sloping at the height of ,shouldering2 then turn your ,left-,toe to the ,right1 suffering the ,right to fall behind the ,left-foot2 so that the middle of your ,right-foot may be over against your ,left-heel2 then bring up your ,pike in this ,action1 and turn backwards the ,butt-end by your ,right-side2 then pressing it in your ,right palm1 ,charge4 #ae4 ,shoulder as you were4 ,make your ,left-toe come to the ,left1 and the middle of your ,right-foot come also against your ,left-heel1 with your ,pike up2 and then turn the ,head to the ,right1 7that is7 directly to the ,rear1 doing it at one ,motion3 ,so take hold of your ,pike with your ,right-hand1 and keep it sloped with both ,hands a little distance from your ,body2 as in ,shouldering1 at what time bring up your ,right-leg1 and lay your ,pike on your ,shoulder4 #af4 ,charge to the ,right about4 ,in this ,case give back with your ,hand and ,leg1 then stand with your ,pike a little distant from your ,side1 and turning your ,left-toe to the ,right about1 bring the ,butt end of your ,pike to the ,right-side1 falling back with your ,right-leg and ,charge1 keeping the ,spear all the while to the ,rear a ,shouldering height2 and when you are to ,face to the ,right about1 level your ,pike and ,charge4 #ag4 ,as you were4 ,in this1 turn your ,left-toe to the ,left about1 advancing your ,right-foot a moderate ,step1 that the middle of it may stand against your ,left-heel2 then with your ,left-hand bring the ,butt-end by your ,left-side1 taking notice the ,spear be exactly with the ,rear a ,shouldering height2 then lay on your ,right-hand as high as you can easily reach1 and stand with it in ,form2 after which1 bring up your ,right-leg1 and ,shoulder4 #ah4 ,charge to the ,left4 ,here fall back with your ,left-arm and ,leg1 as in the former ,chargings3 ,turn the ,left-toe and the ,butt-end of your ,pike with your ,left-hand to the ,right1 after which1 bring up your ,left-leg1 and ,charge4 #ai4 ,as you were4 ,raise the ,spear with both your ,hands1 turn the ,left-toe to the ,right1 and so fall back with your ,left-leg and ,arm1 keeping your ,pike from your ,side1 the ,spear to the ,rear2 then bring up your ,left-leg1 and ,shoulder4 #bj4 ,charge to the ,left about4 ,here fall with your ,arm and ,leg back1 bringing the ,pike over your ,head with both your ,hands1 the ,spear directly to the ,rear at a ,shouldering height3 ,turn your ,left-toe to the ,left about1 then bring up your ,right-toe1 that the middle may come with your ,left-heel1 and ,charge4 #ba4 ,port4 ,observe here1 as in ,charging in the ,front2 being wary that you sink not the ,spear of your ,pike1 rest it between the ,thumb and ,fore-finger1 keeping your ,elbow close to your side4 #bb4 ,comport4 ,as far as may be bring your ,left-hand backward1 at the same time stretching out the ,right1 make thereupon a step forward with the ,right-foot1 grasping fast the ,pike as high as you can reach with the ,right-hand1 not tossing the ,spear too high2 then forsake it with your ,left-hand1 and bring back your ,right-leg even with your ,left2 then close it to your ,side1 keeping the ,spear the height of your ,head4 #bc4 ,charge to the front4 ,here extend your ,right-arm1 advancing at the same time your ,right-leg1 drawing back your ,left-hand as far as may be2 and bringing your ,pike forward1 give a step back with your ,right-leg1 and take hold of the ,butt with your ,right-hand2 then ,charge2 and in all ,chargings observe it be done ,breast high4 #bd4 ,fire4 ,herein face to the ,right about1 suffering the ,spear of your ,pike to fall behind1 you2 after which1 quit your ,right-hand from the ,butt-end1 without any motion of the ,left1 and be cautious not to strike upon the ,spear4 #be4 ,charge as you were4 ,here turn to the ,left about1 place the ,butt-end in the ,palm of your ,right-hand1 and ,charge1 the ,spear being kept an even height4 #bf4 ,advance your ,pike4 ,in this ,exercise bring your ,right-heel to your ,left-,instep1 your ,pike directly before you to the ,recovery2 and so fall out with your ,right-foot that it may come even with your ,left1 and so bring the ,pike to your ,right thigh4 #bg4 ,order your ,pikes4 ,raise your ,left-hand1 so that it may come even with the upper part of your ,shoulder1 place it on your ,pike1 stretching out your ,fingers2 then sinking your ,left-hand1 raise your ,right2 and then raise the ,pike1 that when the ,butt-end your ,right-hand may be against your ,eye2 keep the ,pike near your ,head by clapping the ,butt-end to the ,latchet of your ,shoe2 and here all the ,butt-ends of as many as are exercised must fall to the ,ground at one and the same time4 #bh4 ,pikes to you ,inside ,order4 ,place the ,butt-end on the ,inside your ,right-foot to the middle1 not moving your foot1 but only your ,pike4 #bi4 ,lay down your ,pikes4 ,as many as exercise in this case1 must step altogether with their ,right-legs2 stoop together with a very ,quick ,motion1 and ,lay their ,pikes down very strait with their ,right-hands4 #cj4 ,quit your ,pikes4 ,fall back with your ,left-leg1 bringing it even with your ,right3 ,then quit your ,pike absolutely1 and rise up with a quick ,motion4 #ca4 ,handle your ,pikes4 ,here you must step forward in a quick ,motion with your ,left-leg1 and then as many as exercise must stoop together1 and extend their ,right-hands as far as they can reach1 and then grasp the ,pike4 #cb4 ,order you ,pikes4 ,with your ,right-hand raise the ,pike1 and step back with your ,left ,leg1 with a swift ,motion1 clapping the ,butt-end of the ,pike to facilitate the raising of it on the ,inside of your ,right-foot about the middle4 #cc4 ,pikes to your outside ,order4 ,in this ,exercise place the ,butt-end of your ,pike on the out-side of your foot1 not moving your ,foot1 but the ,pike4 #cd4 ,advance your ,pike4 ,this must be done1 as the fore-going2 and thus much for the ,exercise of the ,pike in particular by it self1 till ,i come to speak of its ,exercise conjunctly with the ,musquet1 in the general ,exercising a ,company or ,battalion4 ,the words of ,command in the ,exercise of the ,musquet1 and how they are to be ,observed and ,performed4 ,when you enter on this ,exercise1 be sure to keep your ,footing firm1 your ,feet at a moderate distance2 that at all ,times1 and on all ,occasions1 you may retain your full ,strength4 ,observe moreover to keep the ,right heel firm1 and set the ,right foot steady1 and then attend to the ,words of ,command1 which you are summoned to do by this ,expression of the ,commander1 viz4 ,musketiers1 have a ,care of the ,exercise1 and carry your ,arms well4 ,after which1 the proper ,words of ,command follow in their ,order4 #a4 ,lay your ,right-hand on your ,musket4 ,here the ,lock being uppermost1 turn the ,barrel towards you1 and extending your ,fingers1 lay your ,right-hand directly behind the ,lock2 so close the ,butt end to your ,shoulder1 suffering the ,musket to be in all parts of an equal height4 #b4 ,poise your ,musket4 ,in doing this1 you must hold it with a hard ,grasp1 facing to the ,right1 and turning with a quick ,motion on your ,left-heel1 your ,musket kept directly before you the height of it1 between your ,shoulders2 your ,right elbow on your ,side1 keeping your feet at a moderate distance1 that when you turn about1 your ,left-toe may stand to the ,front1 and your ,right-toe as you ,face to the ,left2 let your ,left-heel be against the middle of your ,right-foot2 and by such means you will be in a resting posture4 #c4 ,rest your ,musket4 ,here slide your ,musket down to your ,left-hand bearing your ,arm as low as possible without stooping1 and so receive your ,musket where the ,scowrer enters into the ,stock1 touching with your hand no part of the ,barrel1 keeping it about half a ,foot from your side sloping1 your ,right-hand1 with your ,fingers1 extended being behind the ,lock4 #d4 ,cock your ,musket4 ,place the ,right-,thumb and your ,finger behind the ,trigger1 so clap your ,musket against your ,thigh1 and ,cock2 keeping it that it slip not your ,thumb1 now removed steady on the ,head of the ,cock4 #e4 ,guard your ,musket4 ,bring it with a very swift ,motion strait before you1 to recover your ,left-hand even with your mouth1 about half a foot distance from it1 not suffering your ,musket to sink1 nor stooping your ,body1 observing in bringing up the ,musket before1 which is a recovering1 that the ,right-heel be brought to the ,left-,instep1 your ,musket being perpendicular4 #f4 ,present4 ,here fall back with your ,right-leg1 that the middle of the ,right foot may be against the ,left-heel2 cause the ,butt-end to rise to your ,shoulder1 fixing it firm1 and keep your ,right elbow even with the height of the ,piece1 being in a readiness with the fourth ,finger of your ,right-hand to pull the ,trigger1 bowing the ,left-knee keeping the ,right firm and steady1 and so level your ,musket ,breast high4 #g4 ,fire4 ,keep here an exact ,motion in drawing the ,trigger1 every one drawing at once1 so that the whole ,fire of a ,company or ,battalion may be as of one report3 ,keep your ,body steady1 and your ,musket hard against your ,shoulder after you have fired1 till the next ,word of ,command is given1 viz4 #h4 ,recover your ,arms4 ,here let the ,butt-end sink in both your ,hands1 and bringing it strait before you1 keep your right ,hand under the ,cock and the ,left even with your ,mouth4 #i4 ,half bend your ,musket4 ,fall back with your ,right-leg1 and let the ,musket at once rest1 placing the ,right-thumb upon the ,cock1 and the ,fingers of that hand behind the ,trigger2 then closing it to your ,thigh1 half bend the ,cock1 and keep it rested with your ,fingers extended4 #aj4 ,clean the ,pan4 ,do this with the ball of your ,thumb1 pressed into the ,pan1 keeping your ,fingers of the ,right-hand behind the ,lock4 #aa4 ,handle your ,primer4 ,take the little end between your ,finger and ,thumb1 turning the other end to the back of your ,hand1 your ,arm bearing backwards4 #ab4 ,prime4 ,level your ,piece1 and strike your bruised ,powder into the ,pan half full1 or some what more1 keeping your ,left-toe to the ,front4 #ac4 ,shut your ,pan4 ,this do by using your two first ,fingers1 casting back your ,primer and bringing up your ,right-heel to your ,left-instep1 your ,musket strait up before you1 as in the recovery1 with the ,barrel towards you2 do it with a quick ,motion with the ,thumb of your ,right-hand on the top of the ,steel1 ,levelling your ,left with your ,mouth4 #ad4 ,blow off the loose ,corns4 ,bring your ,mouth within four ,inches of the ,pan1 give a strong ,blast without declining your ,head1 casting out your ,arm1 and suffering the ,musket to sink from its former ,posture4 #ae4 ,cast about and ,charge4 ,advance your right ,leg1 turn the ,barrel of your ,musket downwards1 bring it to your ,left-side a little backward1 with your ,left-hand1 not touching the ,barrel with your ,fingers2 place the ,toes of your ,right foot to the ,front and the ,right-heel against the middle of the ,left-foot1 ballancing your ,musket in the ,left hand1 the ,muzzle to the proper ,front1 in an equal height1 half a ,foot from you1 joining your ,right-hand to the ,muzzle1 your ,thumb extended to the side of the ,barrel4 #af4 ,handle your ,charger4 ,gripe fast your ,bandilier or ,charger1 hold it even with the ,muzzle of the ,musket underneath1 about an ,inch distant4 #ag4 ,open your ,charger with your ,teeth4 ,in this ,case1 bring it up to your ,mouth without declining your ,head1 then bring your ,charger within an ,inch of your ,muzzle1 about an ,inch from it1 covering your ,chargers ,mouth with the ball of your ,thumb4 #ah4 ,charge with ,powder4 ,pat the ,powder into the ,barrel with a quick ,motion1 and put the ,charger underneath as before4 #ai4 ,draw forth your ,scowrer4 ,in this let fall your ,charger1 and upon turning your ,hand1 draw forth your ,scowrer at three ,motions1 holding it ,level the height of your ,forehead1 with an extended ,arm1 as if you designed to dart it4 #bj4 ,shorten it to an ,inch4 ,turn the great end of your ,scowrer towards you1 sinking it till within an ,inch of your ,hand1 rest it some what below your ,right-breast1 bearing forward a little4 #ba4 ,charge with ,bullet4 ,take the ,bullet out of your ,mouth with your ,right-hand1 put it into the ,barrel with a swift ,motion1 holding the big end of your ,scowrer near the ,muzzle of your ,musket4 #bb4 ,ram down ,powder and ,ball4 ,grasp full with your ,thumb and ,fore-finger from the ,muzzle1 your ,thumb on the ,top of the ,scowrer reserving a handful in your ,hand4 #bc4 ,withdraw your ,scowrer4 ,your ,hand1 ,thumb and ,fore-finger turned towards the ,muzzle1 clear your ,scowrer at three ,motions1 and hold it up even with your ,forehead1 extending your ,arm as if you were about to dart it4 #bd4 ,shorten it to an ,handful4 ,turn the ,butt-end of your ,scowrer towards you2 sink it till within an ,inch of the ,end1 letting it rest against your ,body a little below your ,right-breast1 the ,scowrer sloping4 #be4 ,return your ,scowrer4 ,put it up in its proper place2 grasp the ,muzzle of your ,musket with your ,right-hand1 extending your ,thumb upon the ,scowrer1 keep it half a foot distant from your ,side4 #bf4 ,poise your ,musket4 ,here before you bring up your ,musket with your ,left-hand1 ,grasp it under the ,cock with your ,right1 falling with your ,right-leg to your ,left3 ,keep it ,poised against your ,nose1 and when faced to the ,front1 let your ,right-elbow rest upon your ,body4 #bg4 ,shoulder your ,musket4 ,in this do as has been taught in the like case before4 #bh4 ,order your ,musket4 ,sink a little your ,right-hand1 and take hold on the ,stock on the top of the ,scowrer with your ,left-hand1 then suffer that ,hand to sink1 and take hold on the ,muzzle with the ,right-hand1 letting the ,butt-end easily sink near the ,ground2 then let it after a little ,pause come down3 ,as many as ,exercise grounding them together1 then close to the ,right-foot1 and place the ,butt-end about the middle of it1 your ,right-hand an ,inch below the ,muzzle1 the ,lock being outward4 #bi4 ,lay down your ,musket4 ,turning it with the ,back upwards1 step forwards with your ,left-leg1 so with your ,right-hand place it on the ,ground1 that it may lye with the rest in a strait ,line2 ,this some call grounding a ,musket4 #cj4 ,quit your ,musket4 ,here stand upright with a quick ,motion1 rising with a falling back of your ,left-leg to your ,right4 #ca4 ,handle your ,musket4 ,with your ,left-leg step forward1 and lay your ,right hand on the ,muzzle4 #cb4 ,order your ,musket4 ,raise the ,muzzle1 and fall back with your ,left-leg to your ,right1 turning the ,lock outwards by the middle of your ,foot4 ,and thus much for the ,exercise of the ,musket by it self1 which may be much advantageous to young ,trainers1 who have occasion to be called or sent out upon ,duty in the ,city or ,country and ,country ,militia of the ,trained ,bands1 or for any other who is desirous to be knowing in1 and entering upon ,military ,affairs1 from whence ,i shall proceed to the brief ,exercise of the ,pike and ,musket1 jointly1 as they are ,exercised in ,companies1 ,battalions1 c4 ,the ,exercise of ,pike and ,musket jointly4 ,we now supposing the ,muskets shouldered1 and the ,pikes advanced2 the ,word next is1 #a4 ,musketiers1 make ready4 ,hereupon you must perform all the ,postures and ,motions together1 till you stand ,cock'd and guarded with your ,musket before you2 and for the better ,security your ,thumb on the ,cock2 whereupon the ,pikes are to be recovered before the ,pike-men3 ,the ,butt-ends in the ,palms of their ,hands1 and the ,spear upright on their ,left hands to the height of their ,mouths1 when the ,commander gives the ,word ,charge4 ,then the ,muskets and ,pikes must be brought at once1 by turning the ,left-toe that way the ,charge is made1 and the ,left-heel against the middle of the ,right-foot in every ,charge1 charging directly forward2 not at the first ,charging1 closing the ,pikes to your ,breasts2 but in bringing down the ,pike1 charge a little way distant1 and when they are brought down1 then close them4 ,the ,charge is1 ,to the ,right four times2 then to the ,right about1 and so1 ,as you were4 ,then to the ,left ,charge four times2 then to the ,left about1 and so1 ,as you were4 ,furthermore the ,pike-men must turn as the ,musketiers1 bearing up their ,right-heels to their ,left-insteps1 their ,arms being extended as they turn2 so that they bring their ,muskets straight before them1 carrying their ,left-hands as high as their ,mouths1 bearing back their ,arms2 and when they ,face1 fall back with their ,right-legs1 not bringing down their ,arms till the word ,charge is given2 and then it must be done with a decent quick ,motion1 not suffering the ,pikes to clatter4 ,after this1 the ,words of ,command are1 viz4 ,recover your ,arms4 ,half bend your ,muskets4 ,poise your ,muskets4 ,shoulder your ,muskets4 ,this ,exercise is to be observ'd1 as is before laid down in the ,exercise of the ,musket4 ,the ,musketiers upon this1 being at ,shoulder2 and the ,pikes that stood recovered falling out with their ,right-legs1 whereupon the ,pikes are brought to their ,thighs in their ,advance4 ,then the next is4 ,poise your ,muskets4 ,upon this1 the ,pike-men with their ,left hands must grasp their ,pikes over against their ,shoulders1 after which the ,words are1 ,order your ,arms4 ,pikes1 to your inside ,order4 ,lay down your ,arms4 ,quit your ,arms4 ,to the ,right about4 ,march4 ,you must observe these1 as directed in the ,exercise1 only over and above1 when you are clear of your ,arms2 you must disperse1 and upon the beat of ,drum1 close hastily together with a ,huzza1 your ,swords unsheathed1 with their ,points upwards4 ,then further observe the ,words of ,command1 viz4 ,return your ,swords4 ,handle your ,arms4 ,order your ,arms4 ,pikes1 to your out-side ,order4 ,advance4 ,in ordering your ,arms1 observe you make a little stop before you let the ,butt-ends come to the ,ground2 so that each one may bear you company1 and they may fall together at once2 and after they are laid down1 and quitted1 you must stand up together so suddenly1 as all your ,risings may appear as it were but one ,motion4 ,when you ,march from your ,arms1 step ,front and ,rear at once1 with the ,left-feet ,marching but a little distance4 ,then lay your ,right-hand on your ,sword1 taking hold of your ,scabbard with your ,left2 and then drawing1 hold your ,swords upright before you2 after you have held them there a while1 bring them down at one ,motion1 and when by ,command your ,swords are returned1 stand upright to your ,arms1 facing to your proper ,front2 and if any thing is to be further known1 consider the ,exercise of the ,pike and ,musket distinctly1 and you will be informed to your ,satisfaction4 ,of the ,match-,lock4 ,these ,locks were formerly in more use than ,fire-,locks1 and at this day they are sometimes mixed among them2 wherefore ,i shall speak somewhat relating to the ,words of ,command1 that seem to differ from the ,fire-lock1 viz4 #a4 ,lay down your ,match1 #b4 ,handle your ,match1 #c4 ,blow your ,match1 #d4 ,cock and try your ,match1 #e4 ,return your ,match4 ,all these chiefly consist in keeping your ,match in order1 with a good hard and well lighted ,coal1 fastning it on ,command1 advantageous in your ,skrew1 blowing the ,coal1 and so by pulling the ,trigger1 trying your ,pan with false ,flashes1 laying it down at ,command1 and by the same order taking it up again2 shortning it to the ,pan1 that it may give true ,fire1 and upon firing1 to return it1 and recover the ,coal1 if it be shattered by the force of the ,powder4 ,you must observe also to keep your ,match dry1 that on occasion you may not be disappointed4 ,and this in brief is all materially relating to the ,match-,lock2 the other ,postures of the ,musket are all ready described1 being sufficient to direct the ,exercise2 yet seeing many lay much stress on the ,beat of ,drum1 ,take that a long with you1 as it relates to ,exercise1 and so ,i shall take ,leave of the foot1 and make a visit to the ,horse4 ,exercise by ,beat of ,drum1 relating to the ,foot4 ,there are usually observed in this1 six ,points1 which are called ,points of ,war1 and are said to be semi-vocal2 because by them the ,soldiers understand what is to be done2 and can distinguish their ,duty and ,exercise2 and of these in their order4 #a4 ,the ,call4 ,this is to ,summon the ,soldiers together to their ,arms1 or upon any other occasion1 as to hear ,proclamation1 or receive ,directions1 c4 from the ,officers1 and are not without leave to ,ramble1 especially in time of ,war1 beyond the hearing of it1 under great ,penalties4 #b4 ,the ,troop4 ,when the ,soldiers hear this1 they must ,advance their ,pikes1 ,shoulder their ,muskets1 and close their ,ranks and ,files to order1 following their ,leaders or ,commanders to the place of ,rendezvous1 ,quarters1 or elsewhere4 #c4 ,the ,march4 ,when you hear this1 you must betake you to your open ,orders in ,ranks1 ,shoulder both ,musket and ,pike2 and so as the ,drum beats1 you ,march slower or quicker4 #d4 ,the ,preparative4 ,is to warn you to close your proportionable or due distance1 when you are to prepare for ,battle or ,skirmish2 and to see every thing be in order that may turn to advantage4 #e4 ,the ,battle4 ,this is by some called the ,charge1 or ,signal to ,charge the ,enemy1 and is beat in the beginning of the ,fight to animate the ,soldiers ,courage4 #f4 ,the ,retreat4 ,this is beat when being over-powered1 it is thought convenient to draw off and save a total ,rout1 or sometimes when an ,enemy you suppose stronger than your self advances towards you to engage1 but by ,retreating you avoid him4 ,there are two more things on the ,drum1 somewhat to our purpose1 viz4 #a4 ,the ,tatto or ,tapto4 ,this is used in a ,rounds and ,garisons1 to give notice to the ,soldiers and ,inhabitants when they ought to repair to their ,quarters and ,houses4 #b4 ,revalley4 ,is to let them know when it is time to rise in the ,morning1 and attend on their ,duty also4 ,in ,garisons1 to let the ,people know when its safe to go abroad1 the out ,scouts being ,relieved4 ,the ,exercise of ,horse in ,troops or ,squadrons1 c4 ,the ,exercise of the ,horse is various from that of the ,foot1 and therefore that ,i may not be wanting in what is necessary to the young ,soldier in their ,exercising in the ,county ,troops1 or those that may enter the present ,service ,abroad1 ,i shall endeavour to give the ,words of ,command proper with their ,explanation4 ,and first1 when ,troop or ,squadron is drawn out to ,exercise1 ,i suppose their ,carbines and ,pistols loaden1 and the ,corporals passing through the ,ranks to see they are all ready1 upon which1 observe the chief ,officer ,commands ,silence1 and gives the following ,words of ,command1 viz4 #a4 ,lay your ,right ,hands on your ,swords4 #b4 ,draw your ,swords4 #c4 ,put your ,swords in your ,bridle-hand4 #d4 ,lay your ,hands on your ,pistols4 #e4 ,hold up your ,hands4 ,give ,fire4 ,when you have fired1 let not your ,pistol-hand sink till the next ,word of ,command1 viz4 #f4 ,return your ,pistols4 ,and this you must observe in ,firing to the ,left and ,right2 ,then1 #g4 ,lay your ,hands on your ,carbines4 #h4 ,advance your ,carbines4 #i4 ,cock your ,carbines4 ,fire4 #aj4 ,let fall your ,carbines4 #aa4 ,take your ,swords from your ,bridle-hands4 ,these must be done with a swift and exact ,motion1 all as near as may be doing it at one and the same time4 ,if a ,squadron of ,horse is to ,wheel to the ,right1 the ,right-hand-man must not close to the ,left1 as has in ancient times been2 for that many times disorders the ,rank2 but you must keep your ,ground1 suffering the ,left to come about whilst you only turn your ,horses ,heads1 observing your ,left-hand-man4 ,to close the ,file4 ,the ,right ,wing file stand4 #a4 ,close your files4 #b4 ,to ,the ,right4 #c4 ,to the ,left as you were4 #d4 ,to the ,left wing1 and stand4 #e4 ,to the ,left by files close the ,squadron4 #f4 ,to the ,right as you were4 #g4 ,the ,right and ,left ,wing ,files stand4 #h4 ,by half ,ranks1 close ,files to the ,right and ,left4 ,and by closing ,files you may cleave or divide the ,squadron4 ,the ,order of closing ,ranks4 #a4 ,file-leader stand4 ,or open on the ,front1 #b4 ,by ranks close the ,or the first distances4 ,squadron to the ,front4 #c4 ,on the ,front as ,and so be cautious in you were4 observing each ,motion4 ,how doubling ,ranks must be ,ordered4 #a4 ,by half ,files to the ,right1 double your ,ranks to the ,front4 #b4 ,file-leaders1 advance your ,ranks1 ,file-leaders1 take your ,ground4 ,and in this manner ,command likewise to the ,left1 the ,order being one and the same in the ,words of ,command4 ,again1 #c4 ,the first half ,files stand4 #d4 ,by half file-leaders on the ,left-wing1 double your ,rank to the ,front4 ,now to reduce this1 take the following ,method2 #a4 ,right-wing half ,ranks1 advance your ,ranks4 #b4 ,half ,file-leader take your ,ground4 #c4 ,the first half ,file stand4 #d4 ,by half ,file-leaders on the ,right and ,left-wings1 double your ,ranks to the ,front1 ,carocoling to the ,right and ,left4 ,then the last half ,file stand1 and the first half file by ,carocol in the ,right and ,left on the wings2 then double our ,ranks to the ,rear4 ,here observe the first ,file must open the half ,rank to the ,right and ,left1 the first half ,file by ,carocol4 ,then ,to the ,right and ,left double your ,ranks to the ,rear4 ,here observe the last half ,file must open the half ,rank to the ,right and ,left4 ,as for the word ,carocol1 it signifies no more when you ,wheel by it1 than that it is made by the depth of the ,flank of the ,squadron1 by which ,order not the ,files1 but the ,ranks make the ,motion4 ,there is an other ,word which some may not well understand at the first setting out1 which is called ,controversion2 and this in ,wheeling is performed by the ,front of the ,squadron1 so that whilst the ,rank makes the ,motion1 the ,file remains4 ,instructions for ,wheeling1 with the proper words of ,command4 ,when the ,word is given1 viz4 ,to the ,right by ,conversion1 understand that you must close your ,right-leg to the ,horse1 your ,knee touching that of your ,right-hand-mans1 and in like manner observe in the ,word of ,command to the ,left2 as when it is said1 ,close to the ,left1 then must the ,leg be ,closed4 ,by half ,ranks and ,conversion1 divide the ,squadron into two ,troops4 ,if you would reduce the ,squadron1 the ,word of ,command is4 ,by ,controversion3 ,the ,squadron into one ,troop1 else the ,left-wing advance by ,conversion4 ,when you ,wheel by ,carocol1 observe the ,word of ,command as follows1 ,the ,right-wing to the ,left by ,carocol1 ,face about to the ,rear3 ,or it may be done by half ,ranks in this manner1 ,by ,quarter ,ranks1 and by ,carocol1 divide the ,squadron into three ,troops4 ,then if you would reduce them1 order ,quarter ,ranks and ,troops into ,squadrons4 ,if the ,volt1 ,face or facing about be required1 observe thus1 ,face about to the ,right3 ,face to the ,right by ,controversion2 ,face about by ,carocol to the ,right3 ,face about to the ,left by half ,files3 ,face about to the ,right and ,left4 ,and thus much may serve for ,wheeling4 ,the manner of ,filing off4 ,in this case observe1 ,to ,file by ,ranks on the ,right-wing1 from the ,squadron1 ,file off by ,ranks1 on the ,left-,wing1 from the ,squadron on the ,right1 ,file off by three ,files from the ,squadron1 the ,left-,wing3 ,and this is found the most ,expedient way1 though some have used to ,file off by ,ranks4 ,in ,hay1 what ,order is to be considered in drawing up4 ,do this1 by half ,ranks to the ,right3 ,to the ,right and ,left drawing in ,hay3 ,to the ,front4 ,and if it requires to be reduced again1 then proceed by ,carocol1 viz4 ,to the ,right and ,left as you were4 ,by half ,ranks1 and by ,carocol to the ,right and ,left4 ,then draw up in ,hay to the ,rear4 ,in ,reduction the ,command is2 ,to the ,front as you were4 ,by half ,ranks to the ,right and ,left1 and draw up in ,hay4 ,reduction by ,carocol4 ,to the ,right draw up in ,hay4 ,reduction by ,carocol4 ,to the ,left as you were4 ,of doublings4 ,doublings are very useful1 especially in strengthening any ,party1 that needs ,succour in the ,battle2 and is to be noted under these general ,heads4 #a4 ,doubling of length1 ,front and ,rear4 #b4 ,doubling of ,depth1 both ,flanks4 ,but in the particular1 they are numbered six1 that is to say1 first of ,ranks1 when every ,rank doubles into the odd1 and if it so fall out1 that the odd ,ranks are to double1 then must the ,body ,face to the ,rear1 without any ,word of ,command expected4 #c4 ,half ,files4 #d4 ,bringers up4 ,here they are held to double when the ,rear is doubled into the ,front4 #e4 ,in doubling the ,rear observe it done1 when the half ,files double the ,rear4 #f4 ,here take notice that doubling of half ,ranks must be by one ,rank doubling the other4 ,the ,noble ,science of ,defence1 in all its ,useful ,particulars1 for ,defending and ,offending1 with the ,rapier or final ,sword2 after the exactest ,method now in ,use4 ,this ,science1 if well understood1 as to the fining and using it1 is not only a noble ,exercise1 but of great importance to the saving our lives on emergent ,occasions1 if it extend not to ,vain-glory and ,presumption1 by too much relying on our ,skill1 to carry us into quarrels1 which we may reasonably1 and without loss of ,honour or ,reputation avoid4 ,wherefore ,i have thought it convenient to lay down such ,rules as may enable the learner to proceed in the ,practice4 ,the first thing to be considered in this ,case1 is1 the ,sword it self1 understanding only in this the small ,sword or ,rapier1 which is divided into two ,parts1 viz4 ,the ,hilt and the ,blade4 ,the ,hilt is again divided into three ,parts1 viz4 the ,pommel or ,ball at the far end1 sometimes ,round and sometimes ,oval in ,shape4 ,this keeps the ,hilt fast1 by being well riveted1 and by its poise makes the ,sword well mounted1 or light before the ,hand4 ,the next is that part on which you grasp your ,hand1 commonly called the ,handle3 and then the ,shell1 which is that part of the ,hilt next the ,blade1 to preserve your ,hand 7if you are any thing weary in managing it7 from a ,thrust or ,blow4 ,the ,blade is divided into two ,parts only4 ,the first next to the ,hilt1 being termed the strong ,part or ,fort4 ,the other1 which is the extream1 is termed the ,feeble1 or they are otherways termed the ,prime1 and the ,second4 ,the strong ,fort or ,prime of the ,blade1 is measured from the ,shell to the middle of the ,blade1 and being the strongest1 is made use of in ,parying1 or to put by ,thrusts or ,blows4 ,the ,feeble1 weak or second part1 is accounted from the ,middle to the ,point1 and is properly made use of in ,offending or giving ,thrusts or ,blows2 and thus much may serve for the ,description of the ,sword3 ,now ,i proceed to the ,explanation of the ,terms1 fit to be known by a ,practitioner4 ,a ,guard4 ,this is a proper ,posture you must place your self in1 for the better defending your self from the ,thrusts or ,blows of those you ,fence with1 or defend your self from4 ,to ,parie4 ,observe that this is to put by a ,blow or ,thrust1 that it may not touch you1 but be cast off without hurt or danger4 ,quart4 ,here you must hold the ,nails of your ,sword-hand upwards1 with a steady ,arm2 and then it is said to be held in quart4 ,terce4 ,this is the contrary to the former1 for the ,nails of your ,hand must be held downwards2 and then the ,sword is held in ,terce4 ,within the ,sword4 ,this is that part of your ,body1 7which having your ,right-side towards your ,adversary7 is between your ,sword and ,left-breast4 ,within the ,sword4 ,this is the part of the ,body1 that 7when you hold your ,sword towards your ,left-side7 is above it the breadth of your ,body4 ,the ,approach or ,advance4 ,this is done1 when being out of your ,adversaries reach1 or at a pretty distance from him2 you make your ,approach or ,advance towards him4 ,to ,retire or ,retreat4 ,this is when you are within your ,adversaries reach1 that you get put of it by stepping or ,jumping backwards2 which you must observe to do on a strait ,line4 ,measure4 ,this is only a distance between you and your ,adversary1 which must be cautiously and exactly observed when he is ,thrusting at you2 so that you may be without his measure or reach1 and that taking the ,advantage of this1 it may be so1 that when you ,thrust your ,thrusts may be home4 ,to break ,measure4 ,observe here1 just as your ,adversary is ,thrusting at you1 at his full ,elonge1 he may come short of you1 because you are1 or escape out of his ,measure1 or reach1 and so break his ,measure1 of which ,i shall say somewhat more hereafter4 ,to ,elonge4 ,this is to ,streach forward your ,right ,arm and ,leg1 and keep a close ,left-foot2 and this you do when you give in a ,thrust1 and when you do it1 you are said to make an ,elonge4 ,respost4 ,this is when you give in a ,thrust before you recover your ,body1 receiving a ,thrust after your ,adversary hath ,paried your ,sword4 ,then is it said to be a ,thrust on the ,respost or back of the ,parade1 which is the surest and safest you can give4 ,feinting or ,falsifying4 ,this is a dodging or deceiving your ,adversary1 making him believe you give back in earnest1 and make an offer to ,thrust in one place when you really design to do it in another4 ,beating4 ,this is no other than striking the ,feeble of your ,adversaries ,sword with the ,edg and ,fort of yours1 either with your ,right-hand only1 or the help of your ,left1 joyned to the ,blade1 about a foot from the ,hilt2 and so you will cause the ,beat to have the greater ,spring or ,force4 ,battery4 ,the difference from ,beating in this1 is only ,striking with the ,edg of the ,feeble1 upon the ,edg of the ,feeble of your ,adversaries ,sword1 though ,beating secures his ,sword a great deal better than ,battery4 ,binding4 ,this method is taken to secure your ,adversaries ,sword1 with eight or ten ,inches of yours upon five or six ,inches of his4 ,caveating or ,disengaging4 ,here you must1 if you can1 flip your ,adversaries ,sword1 when you perceive him about to bind or secure yours4 ,to take ,time4 ,in taking ,time1 you must observe never to ,thrust1 but when you see a fair ,opportunity1 or otherwise it is the ,thrusting at your ,adversary when he is making the ,feint1 or the flipping of him1 when you perceive him about to ,bind or ,bear your ,sword4 ,counter ,temps4 ,this is when you ,thrust without a good ,opportunity1 or when you ,thrust1 at the same time your ,adversary do's the like4 ,quarting on the ,strait ,line4 ,this is done by carrying your ,head and ,shoulders very much back from your ,adversaries ,sword1 and are giving in a ,thrust within it1 and that each of you at that time receive a ,thrust4 ,quarting of the strait ,line1 called de ,quarting4 ,here you must ,observe to throw in your ,left-foot1 and ,body backwards off the strait ,line1 towards your ,adversary1 keeping your ,right-foot firm4 ,volting4 ,this is a leaping by your ,adversaries ,left-side quite out of his reach or measure1 which on many emergent occasions is very proper4 ,these ,terms a ,practitioner must be knowing in before he proceeds to the other ,lessons1 or ,adventures on sharp1 especially in earnest2 from whence ,i proceed to the next thing materially to be considered1 which is the ,holding of the ,sword4 ,in doing this according to ,art1 and to the most advantage1 ,hold your ,thumb on the broad side of the ,handle1 and your ,fingers quite round it2 hold it in this manner firm and fair2 so that your ,adversary1 with the least sudden beat or twist1 may not force it out of your hand1 which the hazard in holding it loosely may occasion to your damage4 ,of keeping a ,guard4 ,the ,guards are in general but two2 ,the one in ,quart and the other in ,terce2 but again the ,quart ,guard is subdivided into two1 viz4 ,the ,quart with the strait ,point1 and the ,quart with the ,point sloaping near to the ,ground4 ,the ,terce is so likewise divided1 that is1 the ,terce with the ,point higher than the ,hilt1 and the ,terce with the ,point lower than the ,hilt4 ,there is yet another ,guard1 that requires you to hold your ,sword with both your ,hands2 and of these in their order4 ,of the ,quart ,guard1 with the strait ,point4 ,you have two ways with this ,guard to defend your self1 either by ,parying or using ,contraries to what your ,adversary plays1 as ,i shall more fully shew you when ,i come to discourse of the five ,parades2 however here observe in the strait ,guard1 which is most in use1 to keep a thin ,body1 which is done by shewing your ,right-side to your ,adversary1 managing your feet in a strait ,line from him2 so that for your ,right he cannot see your ,left-leg1 yet set them not too wide1 for that will make your ,elong the shorter2 nor too close1 for that will hinder the firmness of standing2 and let the ,point of your ,right foot be turned somewhat outwards from the strait ,line1 but the broad side of your ,left must look towards your ,adversary4 ,you are also to sink with your ,thighs your ,left-knee1 a little more bent than your ,right1 which may be done by your leaning somewhat back on your ,left-thigh2 when you present your ,sword1 you must hold it with your ,nails upwards1 as has been directed in ,quart4 ,the ,hilt of your ,sword must be as ,high as your ,right-pap1 keeping your ,arm a little bent1 for the better and easier pursuing your ,adversary2 or for the quicker giving in a ,thrust3 ,the ,point must be towards your ,adversaries ,right-side1 two or three ,inches lower than the ,hilt1 your ,left-hand held up as high as your ,left-ear1 about half a ,foot from it1 the ,palm directly against your ,adversaries ,face1 your ,fingers pointing as it were towards him4 ,the ,quart-guard1 with the sloping ,point4 ,in this ,guard you must stand much straiter than in the former1 the ,point of your ,sword sloping within half a ,foot of the ,ground1 your ,hilt as low as your ,wast1 your ,arm bended1 and the ,nails of your ,sword-hand between ,terce and ,quart2 ,here you are also to make use of your ,left-hand1 and therefore the more readily to do it1 you must advance your ,left ,shoulder almost as far forward as your ,right1 keeping your ,belly in as much as may be1 so that it stand well1 and your ,breast out1 your ,left-hand as high as the side of your ,head1 though about half a ,foot from it4 ,this is a very open ,guard1 yet to those that know not how to pursue it1 it is much ,surprizing4 ,and you may pursue this2 ,first1 by raising up or gathering your ,adversaries ,sword4 ,secondly1 by striking at his ,sword1 and making half ,thrusts at the ,body1 by which he will be doubtful when you intend to give in your ,thrust1 and finding an ,opportunity give it home2 and ever when you persue this ,guard1 let your ,left-hand be in a readiness to ,parie your ,opponents ,thrust1 if he ,thrust just as you are ,thrusting1 which is the main defence on this ,guard4 ,thirdly you may give a stroak at his ,left-hand2 after you give a beat at his sword1 and see if by so doing1 you can force him to betake himself to another ,guard4 ,fourthly1 ,you may ,volt1 and in your so doing1 give him the ,thrust1 which being clearly done1 will mainly surprize him4 ,the-,terce-guard1 with the ,point higher than the ,hilt4 ,in this you must hold the ,nails of your ,sword-hand downwards1 as in ,terce1 and your ,hand lower than in the ,quart-,guard1 with a strait ,point1 presenting the ,point of your ,sword towards your ,adversaries ,left-shoulder2 if he be a tall ,man2 but if ,short1 then to his ,left-eye1 keeping your ,arm somewhat bent1 for the better persuing3 ,lean therefore a little forward with your ,body1 and make use of your ,left-hand for a ,parade1 holding it somewhat lower than in the former ,guard4 ,the rest of your ,body being kept1 as in the ,quart-,guard1 with the strait ,point4 ,this ,guard may be pursued either with ,striking1 ,binding1 ,volting1 or ,passing1 for a ,feint on this ,guard will signifie little or nothing if your ,adversary understand it2 for as in no ,guard1 he is to answer ,feints1 least of all in this1 the ,right defence being to secure your self without your ,sword1 which is done by presenting your ,sword to the ,left-shoulder of your ,adversary1 or as said1 his ,eye1 so that your ,body be quite covered without your ,sword4 ,the ,terce-,guard1 with the ,point lower than the ,hilt4 ,here you must in this bow your ,head1 holding up your ,arm high1 so that if you come to give a ,thrust1 your ,head may be1 as it were1 under it1 your ,nails being in ,quart till you make your ,thrust1 and then change them into ,terce2 your ,feet must be kept at their due distance1 and not as at a full ,elong2 your ,sword must be presented towards your ,adversaries ,left-side1 and you must make use of your ,left-hand for the ,parade1 and it is to be pursued and defended1 as the forgoing ,terce-,guard1 only in defending it1 you must not make so much use of your ,left-hand1 but more of your ,sword4 ,the ,guard of ,both ,hands4 ,this is a ,guard1 that ,i find not any proper ,name for1 though it is sometimes used as very necessary1 how ever1 as to the holding your ,sword in this ,guard1 keep your ,body exactly in the ,posture of the ,quart-,guard with the strait ,point2 but joyn your ,left-hand to your ,sword1 about eight or ten ,inches from the ,hilt1 the ,blade being held between your formost ,finger and ,thumb1 secure your self within your ,sword1 as soon as you present it1 viz4 ,present the ,point towards your ,adversaries ,right-thigh1 with your ,point sloping towards the ,ground a little2 for to pursue this ,guard1 you must endeavour to take away your ,adversaries ,left-hand by striking at it1 and immediately after the stroak1 proffer a ,thrust at his ,body1 that he may be doubtful when you really intend to give in your ,thrust2 and indeed the pursuit is much like that of the ,quart-,guard1 with the sloping ,point1 and thus much for the ,five sorts of ,guards4 ,of the several ,parades4 ,the ,parades are generally ,two1 but are sub-divided as the ,guard1 and those two are the ,parade in ,quart1 and the ,parade in ,terce1 which are as is said1 divided again into the ,parade in ,quart1 with the ,point a little higher than the ,hilt4 ,the ,parade in ,quart1 with the ,point sloping towards your ,adversaries ,right-thigh1 and as though without it4 #b4 ,the ,parade in ,terce1 with the ,point a little higher than the ,hilt1 and the ,parade in ,terce1 with the ,point sloping towards your ,adversaries ,thigh on the ,left-side4 ,there is yet an other ,parade of some use1 and used by many ,fencing ,masters1 which may be properly termed ,counter-,caveating ,parade2 by reason what ever ,lesson your ,adversary makes use of1 or upon what side so ever he ,thrusts1 if you make use of this ,parade1 as you ought1 you will undoubtedly meet with his ,sword1 and the easier cross his purpose1 than by any of the former2 and of these ,i shall give proper ,directions1 #a4 ,the ,quart ,parade1 or the ,parade within the ,sword1 is so called1 because in putting by the ,thrust1 you do it on the inside your ,sword1 or on that side the ,nails of your ,hand are next4 #b4 ,the next is called the ,terce ,parade1 or the ,parade without the ,sword2 for here1 contrary to the former1 you put by the ,thrust upon that side which is without the ,sword1 and as the other is termed the ,quart1 for as much as it is within your ,sword1 or on that side your ,nails look to2 so this is called ,terce because it is without your ,sword1 or on that side the back of your ,hand is to4 ,observe a little more1 viz4 when you are to hold your ,hand or ,nails in ,terce1 that you hold your ,nails quite downward2 ,and now to ,parie these ,five several ways4 ,you must do the first ,parade in ,quart1 with the ,point somewhat higher than the ,hilt1 viz4 ,when you are standing to your ,guard1 if your ,adversary offers to give a home ,thrust on that side his ,sword lieth1 which ,i presume to be within your ,sword1 without disengaging and is the ,simplest and plainest ,thrust that can be given with the small ,sword2 yet frequently it surprizes a ,man1 ,i say1 when so it is1 that when you perceive your ,adversary offer to give a home ,thrust1 which observe by keeping your ,eye steady on the ,hilt of his ,sword2 you must then immediately turn your ,wrist with so small a ,motion of the ,arm1 that it can scarcely be perceived1 to your left-side2 and by that means you may put by his ,sword1 with the ,fort of yours upon the ,left-side1 keeping the ,point of your ,sword after the ,parade towards his ,right-shoulder2 you may in putting by your ,adversaries ,sword use a little beat or ,spring towards the ,ground1 by which you will more certainly disappoint him immediately bringing your ,sword to its right posture again1 and by1 this way of ,parying you may have the luck to ,spring or ,beat your ,adversaries ,sword out of his ,hand4 ,the second ,parade in ,quart is with the ,point sloping towards your ,adversaries ,right-thigh1 and as tho' without it1 in this manner2 ,when you perceive your ,adversary is thrusting with your ,sword1 turn the ,nails of your ,sword-hand in ,quart1 with a full stretched ,arm1 and your ,hand as high as your ,face1 and when you do this1 slope your ,point to the lowness of your ,adversaries ,thigh2 and by that means1 with the ,fort of your ,sword1 on the ,feeble of his1 put by his ,thrust1 always observing to ,parie with the ,fort of your ,sword1 and not the ,feeble1 lest your ,adversary having the stronger ,arm1 force upon you the ,thrust in spite of all you can do4 ,the first ,parade in ,terce1 or without the sword1 the ,point a little higher than the ,hilt1 must be thus managed1 viz4 ,perceiving your ,adversary giving in the ,thrust without your ,sword2 take notice immediately to turn your ,wrist with some small motion of the ,arm1 as in the first ,parie in ,quart1 till your ,nails1 be in ,terce1 and so ,parie his ,thrust1 ,remembring in this to keep the ,point of your ,sword1 after you have ,paried him towards your ,adversaries ,left-shoulder1 as in the first ,parade in ,quart1 you are to keep it towards his ,right4 ,this ,parade is most effectually done with a ,spring1 to put by the ,sword or gain an advantage of disarming your ,adversary4 ,the second ,parade in ,terce1 is called that within the ,sword bearing a sloping ,point towards your ,adversaries ,thigh1 and as though within it4 ,this observe to do when you perceive your ,adversary giving in his ,thrust without1 or below your ,sword1 as it were at your ,arm-pit1 immediately letting the ,point of your ,sword sink as low as his ,thigh1 turning your ,nails quite round to your ,right-side1 until they are from you1 keeping your ,hand as high as your ,head1 and so put by the ,thrust on your ,right-side2 and when you are ,parading1 let your ,head be close as if it were under your ,arm2 and this preserves your ,face from your ,adversaries scattering or ,counter-,temps ,thrusts4 ,thus having shewn you the ,defensive part1 ,i shall now proceed to the ,offensive1 or how you may offend your ,adversary when necessity requires it2 but before ,i directly enter upon it1 let me speak some thing of the ,counter-caveating ,parade2 though some there are who refuse to use it1 yet it is the safest of all4 ,the ,counter caveating ,parade1 c4 ,when you observe your ,adversaries ,thrust coming home within your ,sword1 then immediately slope your ,point1 and bring it up again with a quick ,motion on the other side of your ,adversaries1 and ,parie his ,thrust without your ,sword1 that he intended1 to give within your ,sword1 holding your ,nails neither in ,terce nor in ,quart1 but so hold them as when you presented your ,sword2 and observe further to do this1 ,parade with a ,spring1 and if you perceive he is about to give in his ,thrust without your ,sword1 instantly slope your ,point1 and bring it up again with a quick ,motion upon the inside of his ,sword1 and so ,parie his ,thrust1 that was to be given without your ,sword1 within your ,sword1 and if you do this very quick you will rarely be hit with a home ,thrust2 and in this ,parade there is great advantage1 because by it all ,feints1 which in other ,parades cannot be so well noted or shunned1 are by this baffled and ,confounded4 ,lessons ,offensive4 #a4 ,of ,approaching or ,advancing4 ,observe here2 7when you are standing to your ,guard1 and your ,adversary without your measure1 so that without ,approaching you cannot reach him7 that you lift your ,right-foot about a ,foot ,forward1 and presently let your ,left-foot follow close by the ,ground1 your ,left-knee a little bowed1 taking notice at the end of every step1 that your ,feet be at the same equal distance as when you first presented your ,sword1 or if in any thing you vary1 let it be in bringing them something nearer2 and so your ,elong will come as much nearer to your ,adversary as you brought your ,left-foot nearer to your ,right3 ,always then remember to redouble this ,step1 or any other that is to be used on this ,occasion till you think your ,adversary is within your measure4 ,this step must be always made on plain ,ground1 lest you ,trip and fall1 which is very dangerous2 but if it be on rugged uneven ,ground1 there is another suitable to it1 called the ,double ,step1 after this manner2 ,in the first place throw your ,left-foot before your ,right1 7which may be done1 by raising your ,body a little on your ,right-foot7 about a ,foot1 then bring your ,right-foot forward again1 as far before your ,left1 as when you presented your ,sword2 these two ,motions must be done immediately after the other1 or else doing of this ,step will appear ungraceful2 and here you must keep a thin ,body as possible1 because the throwing your ,left foot before your ,right1 lays your ,body open1 and so redouble this step1 as the former1 according to the distance you are from your ,adversary1 till you approach within his measure4 ,lesson #b4 ,of ,retiring4 ,this may be done three ways1 first with the single ,step1 the same way you approach with it1 only whereas in approaching with the single ,step you lift your ,right-foot first1 here you must lift your ,left-foot first1 and the rest observe1 as in the ,approach with the single ,step4 ,the second is1 that with the double ,step1 and is done the same way as in the ,advance1 only in approaching you throw your ,left-foot before ,right1 when in retiring you must throw your ,right-foot backward behind your ,left2 and the rest is done as in ,advancing with the double ,step4 ,the third is done by a sudden jump backwards on the strait ,line1 with both your ,feet in the ,air at once1 but you must lift your ,right-foot first1 and after your jump is done1 stand to your ,guard again1 unless you find occasion to redouble your jump to be farther out of reach4 ,lesson #c4 ,of giving in the ,thrust4 ,to ,thrust or make an ,elong1 observe 7when you stand to your ,guard1 and your ,adversary be within your ,measure7 that your ,sword be as you please1 either within or without your ,adversaries ,sword1 and suppose within1 then stretch out your ,right-arm1 and ,step forward with your ,right-foot as far as may be1 keeping the ,point strait forwards1 and let the ,motion of your ,arm begin a thought before you move your ,foot1 so that the ,thrust may be given home before your ,adversary can hear your ,foot touch the ,ground2 and when you are at your full stretch1 keep your ,left-hand stretched1 and ever observe to keep a close ,left-foot1 which must be done by keeping your ,left-heel and broad side of your ,foot close to the ,ground1 without any drawing it after you1 for keeping a close ,foot is one of the chiefest things to be observed in this ,science4 ,when you give in your ,thrust throw your ,left-hand behind you1 or so place it on your ,left-side1 that your ,sword and both your ,arms may make a strait ,line from your ,adversary4 ,this must be when you design not to make use of your ,left-hand for a ,parade1 but if you do1 then in the very time of giving in your ,thrust1 throw your ,left-arm forward as far as you can1 without putting the rest of your ,body into disorder1 turning the ,palm from you1 by turning your ,thumb down1 and your little ,fingers up1 and so ,parie your ,adversaries ,thrust1 if you find he will ,thrust1 upon the same time you make your ,thrust1 always remembring when you ,thrust within the ,sword1 to do it with your ,nails in ,quart or upwards1 and ,quart well your ,hand and ,shoulder2 but when a ,thrust is made without the ,sword1 then give it in with your ,nails in ,terce or downwards1 and keep your ,hilt much lower than your ,point1 and your ,head as clear as may be from you ,adversaries ,sword4 ,take notice in all ,lessons in which you do not first secure or bind your ,adversaries ,sword1 that you are to ,thrust close by the ,feeble of his ,sword1 with the ,fort of yours4 ,but there is a difference when you first secure your ,adversaries ,sword1 for after your securing or binding1 you quit his ,sword1 and give a strait home ,thrust1 without touching it1 after it is bound4 ,in these ,rules there is great advantage1 as in the ,quarting of your ,hand1 when you ,thrust within1 the ,sword1 preserves them from your ,adversaries ,counter-,temps ,thrusts in the ,face2 so likewise does your ,thrusting close by the ,feeble of the ,sword1 and keeping your ,hilt lower than the ,point1 when you ,thrust without the ,sword1 as also the holding of your ,head to the contrary side your ,adversaries ,sword is on1 preserve you from ,counter-,temps1 ever observing as a general ,rule2 to keep your ,head on the contrary side of your ,adversaries ,sword1 on what side soever you ,thrust1 for this will frequently preserve your ,face from being hit4 ,lesson #d4 ,of ,caveating or ,disengaging4 ,in this case1 when your ,sword is presented within your ,adversaries ,sword1 and you would have it without 7keeping your ,nails in ,quart7 slope your ,point so low that you may bring it up under the out-side of his4 ,this must be done with the ,wrist1 and not any ,motion of the ,arm1 because when you ,disengage1 if the ,arm move1 your body would be too much discovered2 so that your ,adversary would have an advantage to give in his ,thrust1 which he could not do if only your ,wrist moved1 and this must be done with a sudden ,motion2 and by this you may learn to slip your ,adversaries ,sword at pleasure4 ,lesson #e4 ,feinting or ,falsifying ,of these1 there are several kinds1 and the first retreat on is the ,ordinary single ,feint2 ,when you are on your ,guard1 and within your ,adversaries ,sword1 disengage and make your ,feint without1 which you must do with a beat of your ,right-foot against the ,ground1 just as you disengage1 and your ,sword on the out-side of your ,adversaries1 and immediately after1 if you perceive him answer your ,feint1 and offer to ,parie1 disengage again1 and give him the ,thrust within the ,sword4 ,lesson #f4 ,the ,double ,feint4 ,there is a difference between this and the single ,feint2 for in the single one you must make two ,motions1 viz4 ,with the first you make your ,feint1 and with the next you give in your ,thrust1 unless you make your ,feint on that side your ,sword lyeth1 which may be done without disengaging1 and is the simplest of all others in all single ,feints1 it must be given in upon the side your ,sword was before you made your ,feint2 ,but in the double ,feint you are to make three ,motions1 and the ,thrust 7unless when you make your first ,motion on that side your ,sword was presented7 is given in on the other side1 and not on the side the ,sword was just before you began to make your ,feint2 and to play this1 there are two ways1 viz4 ,when you are within ,measure1 you must play it one way1 and without ,measure another way4 ,as to the first1 your ,sword being presented within your ,adversaries ,sword1 then disengage and make your first ,motion without his ,sword1 to stand a ,thought on it to try whether he will answer you1 by offering to proceed to the ,parade2 if he do not answer1 it is useless1 but if he do1 then presently make your second ,motion within his ,sword1 and your third ,motion without it1 by giving the ,thrust2 both these ,motions must be done with admirable quickness2 at every ,motion give a beat with your ,foot1 and disengage2 turning your ,nails in ,quart4 ,if you are without distance1 make a ,motion to see if he will answer your ,feint1 and if he do begin again1 make your first ,motion1 as within distance1 approaching at the same time1 and so your second and third4 ,there is a contrary to these1 that is to be observed when your ,adversary makes use of them against you1 ,then you must make use either of the ,counter-caveating ,parade1 or keep your ,sword ,point immoveable towards his ,face that opposes you1 your ,arm as much stretched out as possible2 and when you do so you must recover your ,body1 by drawing your ,right foot close to your ,left1 stand as it were on ,tip-toe1 and if for all this your ,adversary give a home ,thrust1 then you must ,counter-temps him in the ,face1 and ,parie his ,thrust with your ,left-hand2 or if you perceive him make variety of ,feints1 then upon every one of them make a half ,thrust1 which will oblige him to betake himself to the ,parade1 and so when you please you may take the pursuit1 or when he makes variety of ,feints1 give a plain home ,thrust1 as smart as may be1 and endeavour to defend your self from ,counter-temps with your ,left-hand1 and to prevent them1 it is always in this ,case best when you give a ,thrust1 to use your ,left-hand4 ,lesson #g4 ,the ,single ,feint at the ,head4 ,being within distance you may present your ,sword within or without your ,opponents ,sword1 making a ,feint or ,motion at his ,face1 if your ,sword be presented without1 by a little stretching out your ,right-,arm1 your ,nails in ,quart1 and when you make the ,motion1 give a little beat with your ,right-foot1 and if the ,feint be answered1 then immediately give in your ,thrust at his ,arm-pit your ,head under your ,sword-arm1 your ,left-hand held before you1 with the ,palm of it looking towards your ,right-side1 and that part of your ,arm1 from the ,points of your ,fingers to your ,elbow1 must stand in a manner strait upwards1 which posture you must ever observe when you give in this ,thrust1 because in doing it1 it defends you from the ,thrust of your ,adversary1 if it be above1 and without your ,sword2 and you may at the same time make a ,motion at his ,face4 ,lesson #h4 ,of the double ,feint at the ,head4 ,being within distance1 make your first ,motion or ,feint1 as before1 at the ,face1 your second ,motion low without your ,adversaries ,sword1 towards his belly2 and with the third1 give a ,thrust without1 and above his ,sword1 your ,nails in ,quart1 marking every motion with your ,head1 ,hands and ,feet2 and when you make your second ,motion1 hold your ,hand as in the single ,feint1 and when you give in your ,thrust above ,sword1 you must ,quart your ,head well1 because you must give it in with your ,nails in ,quart2 and by this means your ,body will be kept secure within your ,sword1 when in ,terce it would ly open1 especially to ,counter-temps4 ,there is a ,parying the contrary1 either with the ,counter-caveating ,parade1 or by answering every ,motion1 by what means you will fall to ,parie your ,adversaries with the first ,parade in ,terce4 ,lesson #i4 ,containing the manner of the ,feint at the ,head on the ,true ,parade4 ,the contrary to the second ,parade is this1 and to do it you must make your ,motion at your ,adversaries ,face1 and if you imagine he intends to ,parie you with the second ,counter-caveating ,parade1 make round his ,sword1 as it were going a circle about it1 and so give a ,thrust at his ,arm-pit1 and with your ,left-hand avoid ,counter-temps1 and being within distance1 approach with your first ,motion1 and in so doing you ,caveat his ,sword and shun his ,parade1 or if your ,adversary follows your ,sword1 you may make two or three circles till you find a fit time to let in your ,thrust4 ,lesson #aj4 ,of the ,low ,feint4 ,when you intend to proceed in this1 you must have your ,sword without your ,adversaries and when it is so1 make directly the ,second ,motion of the double ,feint at the ,head1 and give in the ,thrust above1 and when you are without distance1 make your approach with the ,feint1 or first ,motion2 and make in your ,thrust with the second4 ,and this may be ,paryed1 by answering every ,motion1 or using the ,counter-caveating ,parade4 ,the contrary to it1 is1 when your ,adversary is making his low ,feint1 to take time1 and give in the ,thrust above his ,sword1 your ,nails in ,quart4 ,lesson #aa4 ,of ,battery4 ,this is a kind of a ,beat from whence it derives its name1 and therefore when you play it you must present your ,sword either without or within your ,adversaries1 if within1 and he within your ,measure1 then keep your ,sword half a ,foot from his1 and when you intend to play1 ,strike a small stroak on the ,edg1 and ,feeble of your ,sword on the ,edg1 and ,feeble of his1 and at the same ,moment give a ,beat with your ,foot1 which will surprize your ,adversary1 if not well skilled2 if it does not1 nor that he answers you by offering to ,parie1 give a strait home ,thrust at his ,right-,pap1 as you give in a plain ,thrust within the ,sword1 moving the ,sword only with your ,wrist1 and thereby keeping your ,body close4 ,if your ,adversary offers to answer your stroak1 and go to the ,parade1 then your best way is to slip him1 and give in a ,thrust without1 and above the ,sword1 or when you perceive him going to ,parade1 then suddenly slip and make a double ,feint on the other side1 and ,thrust on that side you gave the ,beat4 ,in the contrary of this ,parie1 with the ,counter-caveating ,parade1 or meet his stroak1 and make a half ,thrust1 which will force him to the ,parade2 and so you may pursue4 ,lesson #ab4 ,of ,volt ,coupe4 ,in this observe to present your ,sword within your ,adversaries1 he being within your ,measure2 then make a ,feint at the ,face your ,nails in ,quart1 and upon this give a ,beat with your ,foot1 and carry your ,hand well ,quarted1 and if by offering to ,parie1 he answers this1 and that high1 then ,thrust at the ,belly1 your ,nails in ,terce1 and keep your ,left-hand as a ,guard from ,counter-temps2 if by ,parying low1 you are disappointed of this advantage1 then after you have made your ,feint1 instead of a ,thrust in the ,belly1 slip his ,parade1 and give the ,thrust without1 and above the ,sword2 and when you are within distance approach with the first ,motion3 ,if your ,sword be presented without your ,adversaries1 you must first then disengage4 ,the contrary to this is either to ,parie his ,sword with the second ,parade in ,quart1 or to take time and give your ,thrust the way he was to give it in upon you1 at the instant he makes his ,motion at your ,face1 or you may pass without his ,thrust4 ,lesson #ac4 ,of ,binding your ,adversaries ,sword4 ,this is the securest ,play1 and chiefest ,mistery in the ,art of ,fencing1 wherefore to do it after you have presented your ,sword1 either within or without your ,adversaries1 on a sudden over-lap six or seven ,inches of his with eight or ten of yours2 and this is sufficient to secure it2 but this must be always done with the ,edg of the ,sword1 whether you present it within or without1 and immediately after you have bound it1 give a ,thrust strait home4 ,in this case1 always observing to keep a close ,left-foot1 also to give a ,beat with your ,foot1 and to bind with a ,spring1 viz4 ,press your ,sword almost to the ,ground1 but stay not with it1 but immediately bring it up again and then give the ,thrust2 and this prevents ,counter-temps1 and the best ,parade against it is1 the ,counter caveating ,parade1 and if your ,adversary flips your ,sword1 you must endeavour to bind him within or without the ,sword again4 ,you may also put upon him the double or single ,feint1 or having bound your ,sword without1 you may give in your ,thrust1 as in playing the single ,feint at the ,head4 ,lesson #ad4 ,of the ,flancanade4 ,to do this1 when you have presented within your ,adversaries ,sword1 over-lap it with #ab ,inches of yours1 within eight of his1 and give in the ,thrust on his ,right-flank1 on the other side of the ,sword1 and beneath it your ,nails side-ways1 throwing forward your ,left-hand and turning the ,palm from you to keep off ,counter-temps in the ,belly1 and in ,thrusting let your ,hilt be lower than the ,point1 which secures his ,sword2 and note when you lap over to do it with the flat1 and not with the ,edg as when you bind4 ,and thus much may serve for an introduction to the learner in the ,science of ,defence1 and therefore for other ,lessons1 not here set down1 ,i refer him to a ,master4 ,of ,,hawking4 ,of ,hawks there are two sorts4 ,the ,long-,winged ,hawks4 ,faulcon and ,tiercle-gentle1 ,gerfaulcon and ,jerkin4 ,saker and ,sakaret4 ,lanner and ,lanneret4 ,barbary ,falcon4 ,merlin and ,jack4 ,hobby and ,jack4 ,the ,short ,winged ,hawks4 ,eagle and ,iron4 ,goshawk and ,tiercle4 ,sparrow-,hawk and ,musket4 ,there are others too of inferiour sort1 as1 ,ring-,tail4 ,raven and ,buzzard4 ,forked ,kite4 ,hen-driver1 c4 ,and as the ,age of these ,hawks is1 so we name them1 as ,the first ,year a ,soarage4 ,the second ,year an ,intermewer4 ,the third ,year a ,white ,hawk4 ,the fourth ,year a ,hawk of the first ,coat4 ,thus much for their ,names1 now we come to speak of the ,flights of these ,hawks2 which are these1 ,the ,faulcon-,gentle1 for ,partridge or ,mallard4 ,gerfaulcon1 will fly at the ,herne4 ,saker1 at the ,crane or ,bittern4 ,lanner1 at the ,partridge1 ,pheasant or ,choofe ,barbary ,faulcon1 at the ,partridge only4 ,merlin and ,hobby1 at the ,lark1 or any small ,bird4 ,goshawk and ,tiercle1 at the ,partridge1 or ,hare4 ,sparrow-,hawk1 at the ,partridge or ,black-,bird4 ,and the ,musket1 at the ,bush4 ,your ,hawk watch1 and keep from ,sleep1 continually carrying him upon your ,fist1 familiarly stroak him with a ,wing of some ,dead ,fowl1 or the like1 and play with him2 ,accustom to gaze1 and look in his ,face with a ,loving1 ,smiling1 ,gentle ,countenance2 and that will make him acquainted1 and familiar with ,men4 ,having made him familiar1 the next thing is to ,bring him to the ,lure1 7which the ,faulconer makes of ,feathers and ,leather1 much like a ,fowl1 which he casts into the ,air1 and calls the ,hawk to7 which is after this manner4 ,set your ,hawk on the ,perch1 unhood him and shew him some ,meat within your ,fist1 call him by ,chirping1 ,whistling1 or the like1 till he comes1 then ,feed him with it2 if he comes not1 let him ,fast1 and be sharp set3 ,short-winged ,hawks are properly said to be called1 not ,lured4 ,make him bold1 and acquainted with ,men1 ,dogs1 and ,horses1 and let him be eager and sharp-set1 before you shew him the ,lure1 knowing his ,luring ,hours2 and let both sides of the ,lure1 be garnished with warm and bloody ,meat2 let him likewise know your ,voice well2 so that being well acquainted with ,voice1 and ,lure1 the ,hearing of the one1 or sight of the other1 makes him ,obedient2 which you must reward by ,feeding1 or punish by ,fasting4 ,but before ,luring 7or any ,flight7 it is requisite to ,bathe your ,hawk in some quiet and still shallow ,brook1 or for want of that in a ,large ,bason1 shallow ,tub1 or the like1 lest being at liberty1 you lose your ,hawk1 7whose ,nature requires such ,bathing7 and make him range4 ,now to make him know his ,lure1 is thus3 ,give your ,hawk to another1 and having loosned in readiness his ,hood-strings1 and fastened a ,pullet to the ,lure1 go a little distance1 cast it half the length of the string about your ,head1 still ,luring with your ,voice1 unhood your ,hawk1 and throw it a little way from him2 if he stoop and seize1 let his plum the ,pullet1 and feed on it upon the ,lure3 ,then take him and ,meat on your ,fist1 ,hood him and give him the ,tiring of the ,wing1 or ,foot of the said ,pullet4 ,having ,manned and ,lured your ,hawk before you bring him to his ,flight1 one thing is to be observed and done1 called in the ,faulconers ,dialect1 ,enseaming1 which is to cleanse him from ,fat1 ,grease1 and ,glut1 know by his round ,thighs1 and full ,meutings2 and thus you may do it3 ,in the ,morning when you feed him1 give him a bit or two of ,hot-meat1 and at ,night very little or nothing4 ,then feed him ,morning and ,evening with a ,rook1 wash't twice till the ,pinions be tender2 then give a ,casting of ,feathers as his ,nature will bear2 and once in two or three dayes give him a ,hens-neck well joynted and washt3 ,then a quick ,train ,pigeon every ,morning2 and after by these and his own ,exercise1 he has broken and dissolved the ,grease1 give him three or four ,pellets of the ,root of ,sallandine1 as big as a ,garden ,pease1 steept in the ,sirup of ,roses2 and you have done this part of your ,duty4 ,to ,enter your ,hawks1 for ,partridge or ,fowl1 ,lay an old ,field ,partridge in a ,hole1 covered with something1 and fasten to it a small ,creance 7i4e4 a ,fine small long ,line of strong and even-wound ,packthread fastned to the ,hawks ,leash when first ,lured17 and uncoupling your ranging ,spaniels1 pluck off the ,covering of the ,train ,partridge and let it go1 and the ,hawk after it2 and as soon as he has slain it1 reward him well with it4 ,and thus to make him fly at ,fowl1 feed him well with the ,train of the ,fowl you would have2 doing afterwards as above4 ,the ,fault of ,hawks differ according to their ,nature and ,make4 ,long-,winged ,hawks faults are thus helped4 ,if he used to take stand1 flying at the ,river1 or in ,champaign ,fields1 shun flying near ,trees or ,covert1 or otherwise1 let several ,persons have ,trains1 and as he offers to stand1 let him that's next cast out his ,train1 and he killing it reward him4 ,and indeed you ought never to be without some live ,bird or ,fowl in your ,bag1 as ,pigeon1 ,duck1 ,mallard1 c4 ,if he be ,froward and ,coy2 when he ,kills1 reward him not as usually1 but slide some other ,meat under him and let him take his pleasure on it2 giving him some ,feathers to make him scour and cast4 ,if he be ,wild1 look not inward2 but mind ,check1 7i4e4 other ,game1 as ,crows1 c4 that fly cross him7 then lure him back1 and stooping to it1 reward him presently4 ,the faults of ,short-winged ,hawks thus are helped4 ,sometimes the ,goshawk and ,sparrow-,hawks1 will neither kill1 nor fly the ,game to ,mark1 but will turn ,tail to it3 ,then encourage your ,dogs to ,hunt1 cast a ,train ,partridge before your ,hawk1 make him seize it1 and feed well upon it4 ,if a ,hawk take a ,tree1 and will not fly at all1 feed him then upon quick ,birds1 and make him foot them1 and in the plain ,champaign ,fields unhood him1 and rising up and down awhile let one cast out a ,field ,partridge before him1 let him fly at it1 and footing it1 feed on it4 ,if they be too fond of a ,man1 that after a stroke or two will not fly1 be seldom familiar with him1 and reward him not as he comes so improperly3 ,otherwise reward him well4 ,as for ,mewing of ,hawks1 the best time for ,long-winged ,hawks is about the middle of ,april1 and ,march for the ,short-winged ,hawks4 ,there are two kinds of ,mewings4 #a4 ,at the stock or stone2 so called from its being low upon the ,ground1 free from ,noise1 ,vermin or ill ,air4 #b4 ,at large2 so called from being in a high ,room1 with open ,windows towards the ,north or ,north-,east4 ,the former is accounted the best ,mewing4 ,the ,faulconer1 before he ,mews his ,hawks1 see if they have ,lice1 to ,pepper and ,scower them too4 ,the best time to draw the ,field ,hawk from the ,mew1 is in ,june1 and he will be ready to fly in ,august2 the ,hawks for the ,river in ,august1 will be ready in ,september4 ,cures for ,hawks ,diseases4 ,the ,faulconer ought diligently to observe the ,complexions of his ,hawks ,castings and ,mewtings1 to judge of their ,maladies1 an assured sign of knowing whether they are sick or distempered in this4 ,take your ,hawk1 turning up her ,train1 if you see her ,tuel or ,fundament swelleth1 or looketh red2 ,or1 if her ,eyes or ,ears be of a fiery ,complexion1 it is an infallible sign of her being not well and in good health2 and then ,scouring is necessary first2 which is done by ,aloes ,cicatrine1 about the quantity of a ,pea wrapt up in her ,meat2 and this avoids ,grease1 and kills ,worms too4 ,for the ,cataract3 ,take one ,scruple of washt ,aloes finely beaten1 and two ,scruples of ,sugar-candy1 mix these together1 and with a ,quill blow it three or four times a day into your ,hawks ,eye4 ,pantus or ,asthma3 ,pour the ,oyl of sweet ,almonds into a ,chickens ,gut1 well washt1 and give it the ,hawk3 ,or1 scower him with ,sallandine-,pellets1 and ,oyl of ,roses1 and then wash his meat in the ,decoction of ,coltsfoot4 ,filanders or ,worms3 ,to prevent them1 seeing your ,hawk low and poor1 give her once a month a ,clove of ,garlick4 ,to cure or kill them2 take half a dozen ,cloves of ,garlick1 boil them very tender in ,milk1 dry the ,milk out of them2 put them into a ,spoonful of the best ,oyl of ,olives1 and having steept them all ,night1 give them both to your ,hawk1 when she has cast1 in the morning3 feed him not till two hours after1 and then with warm meat1 and keep him warm all that day4 ,lice3 ,mail your ,hawk in some ,woollen ,cloth1 put between his ,head and ,hood a little ,wool1 and take a ,pipe of ,tobacco1 put the little end in at the ,tream1 blow the smoak1 and the ,lice that escape killing1 will creep into the ,cloth3 ,probatum4 ,formica3 ,take a little of the ,gall of a ,bull1 and beating it with ,aloes1 anoint the ,beak of the ,hawk1 ,morning and ,evening1 ,frounce3 ,take the ,powder of ,allume1 reduced to a ,salve with strong ,wine ,vinegar1 and wash her mouth with it2 then take ,juice of ,lolium and ,raddish1 mixt with ,salt1 and anoint the ,sore4 ,apoplex3 ,gather the ,herb ,asterion1 wash your ,hawks meat with the ,juice thereof when you feed him4 ,wounds3 ,take the ,juice of ,english ,tobacco1 or ,mouse-ears1 after you have sticht it up with a little ,lint1 bathe the place4 ,of ,,bowling4 ,the first and greatest ,cunning to be observed in ,bowling1 is the right chusing your ,bowl1 which must be suitable to the ,grounds you design to run on1 thus3 ,for close ,alleys1 your best choice is the ,flat ,bowl3 #b4 ,for open ,grounds of ,advantage1 the ,round-byassed-bowl4 #c4 ,for ,green ,swarths1 that are plain and level1 the ,bowl that is ,round as a ,ball4 ,the next thing requires your ,care is1 the chusing out your ,ground1 and preventing the ,windings1 ,hangings1 and many turning ,advantages of the same1 whether it be in open wide places1 as ,bares ,bowling-greens1 or in close ,bowling-alleys4 ,lastly1 ,have your ,judgment about you to observe and distinguish the ,risings1 ,fallings and ,advantages of the ,places where you ,bowl3 ,have your ,wits about you to avoid being rookt of your ,money3 ,and have your ,understanding about you1 to know your best ,time and ,opportunity for this ,recreation2 and finally a studious ,care of your ,words and ,passions1 and then ,bowl away1 and you may deserve1 ,well have you bowled indeed4 ,but methinks ,i cannot conclude here1 without admiring how aptly a ,bowling-green is by the ,divine ,quarles characterized1 in the following ,verses1 thus1 ,brave ,pastime1 ,readers1 to consume that day1 ,which without ,pastime flies too swift away6 ,see how they labour1 as if ,day and ,night ,were both too short to serve their loose ,delight8 ,see how their curved ,bodies wreath1 and skrue ,such ,antick ,shapes as ,proteus never knew3 ,one rapps an ,oath1 another deals a ,curse1 ,he never better bowl'd1 this never worse2 ,one rubs his itchless ,elbow1 shrugs and laughs1 ,the t'other bends his ,beetle-brows1 and chafes2 ,sometimes they whoop1 sometimes the ,stygian cryes1 ,send their black ,santo's to the blushing ,skies3 ,thus mingling ,humours in a mad ,confusion ,they make bad premisses and worse ,conclusion4 ,thus much for ,bowling4 ,of ,,tennis4 ,this ,recreation is of the ,same ,date for its ,antiquity of ,invention with ,bowling1 and for the ,violence of its ,exercise to be preferred before it4 ,this ,sport indeed is of so universal an ,acceptance1 that ,majesty it self is pleased to design it its ,recommendation1 by tracking its laborious steps2 and ,princes and ,lords admire it too for the most proper ,recreation1 to suit with ,innocence1 and true ,nobility4 ,here the ,body is briskly exercised more than ordinary1 and inured in ,agility and ,nimbleness2 this renders the ,limbs flexible and mettlesom1 and adapts them for the most ,vigorous ,enterprize4 ,tennis and ,baloon are sports which are play'd almost with the same ,instruments2 and therefore may be under one and the same ,head3 ,the first is a ,pastime1 used in close or open ,courts1 by striking a little ,round ,ball to and fro1 either with the ,palms of the hands 7and then is called ,pila palmaria in ,latin7 or else a ,racket1 made for the purpose1 round with ,net or ,cat-gut1 with a ,handle3 ,the other a strong and moving ,sport in the open ,fields with a great ,ball of a double leather filled with ,wind1 and so driven to and fro with the strength of a ,mans ,arm1 armed in a ,brace of ,wood4 ,and thus much shall suffice to speak of the ,baloon and ,tennis2 only let me desire you1 let not this or any other ,pastime disturb your ,minds2 divert you from the diligent and careful ,prosecution of your lawful ,business2 or invite you to throw away your ,time and ,money too lavishly and idley2 nor engage you in any ,passion2 that so you may not offend ,god1 dislike your ,neighbour1 nor incomode your ,self and ,family in your ,well-being and ,felicity2 and then you may recreate your self without ,fear3 ,and in this ,recreation observe the ensuing ,morality of ,the ,tennis-,court4 ,when as the ,hand at ,tennis ,plays1 ,and ,men to ,gaming fall1 ,love is the ,court1 ,hope is the ,house1 ,and ,favour serves the ,ball1 ,this ,ball it self is due ,desert1 ,the ,line that measure shows ,is ,reason whereon ,judgment looks ,where ,players win and lose4 ,the ,tutties are ,deceitful ,shifts1 ,the ,stoppers1 ,jealousy1 ,which hath ,sir ,argus hundred ,eyes1 ,wherewith to watch and pry4 ,the ,fault whereon ,fifteen is lost1 ,is ,want of ,wit and ,sense1 ,and he that brings the ,racket in ,is ,double ,diligence4 ,but now the ,racket is ,free-will1 ,which makes the ,ball rebound1 ,and ,noble ,beauty is the ,choice1 ,and of each ,game the ,ground4 ,then ,racket strikes the ,ball away1 ,and there is ,over-sight1 ,a ,bandy ho6 the ,people cry1 ,and so the ,ball takes flight4 ,now at the length ,good-liking proves ,content to be their ,gain3 ,thus in the ,tennis-,court1 ,love is ,a ,pleasure mixt with ,pain4 ,of ,,ringing4 ,whosoever would become an accurate ,master of this excellent ,art and ,pleasure1 and is very desirous to be esteemed an ,elaborate and ,ingenious ,ringer1 and be enrolled amongst that ,honoured ,society of ,college ,youths2 ,i must beg leave to instruct him before he enters the ,bell-free1 in these ensuing short ,rules2 which he must strictly observe1 viz4 #a4 ,that as all ,musick consists in these six plain ,notes1 ,la ,sol ,fa ,mi ,re ,ut2 so in ,ringing1 a ,peal of ,bells is ,tuned according to these ,principles of ,musick3 ,for as each ,bell takes its ,denomination from the ,note it ,sounds1 by its being flatter or deeper1 as1 ,first1 or ,treble1 second1 third1 fourth1 c4 as they are in number to ten or twelve ,bells1 the last being called the ,tenor2 ,so must they successively strike one after another both ,fore-stroke and ,back-stroke1 in a due ,musical time or ,equi-distance1 to render their ,harmony the more ,pleasant1 and to make the ,young ,practitioner the better informed to observe the ,life of ,musick1 and indeed of true ,ringing1 ,time2 and therefore is called1 ,round-ringing4 #b4 ,as in ,musick1 so in ,ringing there are three ,concords1 so called from their ,melodious ,harmony and ,agreement1 which ,principally are these2 ,thirds1 viz4 #a #c1 #b #d1 c4 ,fifths #a #e1 #b #f1 c4 ,eights #a #h1 #b #i1 #c #aj1 c4 and these are the more pleasant according to the ,number of ,bells they are struck on1 and as they are struck1 whether separately or mutually4 ,from hence ,changes are made1 which is only a ,changing place of one ,note with another1 so variously1 as ,musick may be heard a thousand ways of ,harmony2 which being so obvious to common ,observation1 ,i shall not go about to demonstrate2 for that if two may be varied two ways1 surely by the ,rule of ,multiplication1 a ,man may easily learn how many times #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 or #ab ,bells ,notes may be varied2 which will run almost ad infinitum4 #c4 ,for the better observing the ,ringing of ,changes or ,rounds1 these three things are to be noted4 #a4 ,the ,raising true in ,peal4 #b4 ,ringing at a low ,compass2 and #c4 ,ceasing in true ,peal2 all which three are the most essential ,parts to render a ,practitioner ,excellent4 #a4 ,for ,raising a ,peal of ,bells true1 the modern and best ,practice recommends the swiftest and quickest possible1 every one taking ,assistance to raise his ,bell1 as its going requires3 the lesser ,bells as ,treble1 c4 being by main strength held down in their first ,sway 7or pull7 to get time for the striking of the rest of larger ,compass2 and so continued to be strong pulled till ,frame-high1 and then may be slackned3 ,the bigger1 as ,tenor1 c4 must be pincht or checkt overhead1 that the ,notes may be hard to strike roundly and hansomely4 ,observe that all the ,notes strike round at one ,pull3 ,i do not mean the first2 but 'tis according to the ,bigness and ,weightiness of your ,bells3 ,however in raising a ,peal1 do not let one ,bell strike before the rest1 or miss when the rest do2 this is contrary to the ,strict ,rules of true ,ringing3 ,and this is called ,round-ringing4 ,now if you design to raise a ,peal of ,bells for ,changes1 you ought to raise them to a ,set-pull1 as the most proper for commanding the ,notes1 and he who is not well skilled to manage his ,bell at a ,set-pull1 will be apt to drop or overturn it1 be in a ,wood1 and fruitlessly toil and moil himself4 ,therefore in practising the ,setting of a ,bell1 cast your ,eye about the other ,bell-,ropes1 during your managing your own1 that you may accustom your self to manage it according to the ,change4 #b4 ,for ,ringing at a low ,compass1 is thus observed3 ,by keeping a due punctum or beat of time1 in the successive striking one after another of every ,bell2 the best ,ringer being set to the ,treble1 that may guide and direct the rest of the ,notes in their due ,measure4 #c4 ,for ,ceasing a ,peal of ,bells2 let them fall gradually from a set ,peal1 checking them only at ,sally1 till the low ,compass renders it useless2 and when so low1 that for want of ,compass1 they can scarce strike at ,back-stroak2 then let the ,treble-,ringer stamp1 as a ,signal1 to notify1 that the next time they come to strike at the ,fore-stroke1 to check them down1 to hinder their striking the ,back-stroke2 yet ,fore-stroke continued1 till brought to a neat and graceful ,chime1 which may be the ,finis to that ,peal4 ,thus much in short1 for ,raising1 ,round-ringing1 and ,ceasing a ,peal of ,bells2 ,i come next to lead you forth into that spacious ,field of ,variety of ,changes1 and present you with ,instructions that may be meerly necessary1 for the right ,understanding the several kinds of them4 ,now in ,ringing ,changes1 two of our best ,senses1 are to be employed1 viz4 ,the ,ear1 and the ,eye3 ,the ,ear1 hearing when to make a ,change2 and the ,eye directing the ,bell in making it3 ,the ,bells being the ,object of the ,former1 and the ,bell-ropes the ,object of the ,latter3 ,and to render both the ,eye and ,ear ,useful in ,ringing ,changes1 these ,five things are throughly to be ,understood4 ,first1 ,endeavour to distinguish the ,notes of a ,peal of ,bells1 one from another while ,ringing4 ,secondly1 ,learn to apprehend the places of the ,notes4 ,thirdly1 ,understand the ,precedency of ,notes4 ,fourthly1 ,how to make a ,change in ,ringing4 ,fifthly1 and ,lastly1 ,how to ,practice the four fore-going ,notions1 in ,general4 #a4 ,to know the ,notes of a ,peal of ,bells asunder 7which is easy in ,round-,ringing7 in ,changes is thus3 ,get the skill of ,tuning them with your ,voice1 by imitating their ,notes while ,ringing4 ,or if you are acquainted1 either by your self or ,friend1 with some ,singing-,master1 or one who has skill in ,singing1 get him to instruct you in the true ,pitch of any ,note1 and aid your distinguishing them2 otherwise you may be puzzled in this1 to know which is ,treble1 which ,second1 c4 as in #ecbfda1 c4 #b4 ,to know the places of the ,notes1 is no way better to be apprehended than thus3 ,the ,practitioner ought to form an ,idea in his ,head of the place of each ,note1 whether in a direct ,line1 or ,obliquely2 and representing them by a ,figure in his ,mind1 see 7as it were7 by the ,eye of the ,understanding1 each stroke of the ,bell1 as the ,treble1 #a4 ,second #b4 ,third #c4 c4 so that as the ,ear is to direct him1 when to make the ,change1 so a right ,apprehension of the ,motion and ,places of the ,notes1 ought to be a means to guide his ,ear4 #c4 ,the ,precedency of ,notes1 is of a very obvious ,demonstration2 thus3 ,in ,ringing ,changes the ,fore and ,back-stroke1 successively following one another1 are properly said to ,lye behind one another1 according to their places of striking4 ,or in short1 in #abcde1 the ,note that leads either at ,fore or ,back-stroke1 is said to ,lye before the rest1 and the last to be behind1 ,as the #b is said to lye behind the #a1 so it lyeth before the #c1 as the #c lyeth behind #b1 so it lyeth before the #d4 ,and so of as many as are ,rung4 #d4 ,the manner of making a ,change1 is very common1 and needs no particular1 but general ,rule2 ,that it is made by moving one ,note into anothers place1 ,up and ,down1 as ,occasion requires2 but usually made by two ,notes standing one next the other1 as hereafter may be observed4 ,lastly1 ,in your ,ringing ,changes1 these two things 7in which consists the practick part of this ,art7 are to be rightly considered1 ,first1 ,readily to know which two ,bells are to make the succeeding ,change4 ,and ,secondly1 to consider 7if you are concerned in it7 what ,bell you are to follow in making it4 ,to understand which the more perfectly1 you must imprint in your ,memory1 the ,method of the ,changes prick'd in ,figures1 and to be expert likewise in setting them down divers ways1 and making any ,figure a ,hunt at ,pleasure2 and thus without pausing or hesitating to consider the ,course1 you may throughly understand the ,methods2 the ,four preceding ,observations being first perfectly understood4 ,there are two ways of ,ringing ,changes1 viz4 ,by ,walking them1 as the ,artists stile it2 or by ,whole ,pulls or ,half-pulls3 ,walking is1 when in one ,change the ,bells go round1 ,four1 ,six1 or ,eight times2 which is a most incomparable way to improve a ,young ,practitioner1 by giving him time to consider1 which two ,bells do make the next succeeding ,change1 and in making it1 what ,bell each is to follow2 so that by this means 7by his ,industry7 he may be capable of ,ringing at ,whole pulls2 which is1 when the ,bells go round in a ,change at ,fore and ,back-stroke2 and a ,new ,change is made every time they are pulled down at ,sally3 ,this was an ,ancient ,practice1 but is now laid aside1 since we have learnt a more advantageous way of hanging our ,bells1 that we can manage a ,bell with more ease at a ,set-pull than formerly3 ,so that ,ringing at ,half-,pulls is now the modern general ,practice2 that is1 when one ,change is made at ,fore-stroke1 another at ,back-stroke1 c4 ,he that ,rings the slowest ,hunt1 ought to notify the extream ,changes2 which is1 when the ,leading ,bell is pulling down1 that he might make the ,change next before the extreme1 he ought to say1 ,extreme4 ,by this means1 betwixt the ,warning and the ,extreme there will be one compleat ,change4 ,of ,changes1 c4 ,there are two kinds of ,changes1 viz4 ,plain ,changes1 and ,cross-peals2 which ,terms do denote the ,nature of them2 for as the first is stiled ,plain1 so are its methods easy2 and as the second is called ,cross1 so are its ,methods cross and intricate3 ,the ,first have a general ,method1 in which all the ,notes 7except ,three7 have a direct ,hunting-,course1 moving gradually under each other1 plainly and uniformly3 ,plain are likewise termed single ,changes1 because there is but one single ,change made in the striking all the ,notes round1 either at ,fore or ,back-stroke4 ,but the ,second is various1 each ,peal differing in its ,course from all others2 and in ,cross-peals as many changes may be made as the ,notes will permit4 ,in short1 as to ,plain-changes1 ,i shall not dilate on them here1 it being so plainly understood by every one that lately have rung a ,bell in peal2 all therefore ,i shall add is this1 that any two ,notes that strike next together may make a ,change1 which may be done either single or double1 as you list4 ,the single1 by changing two ,notes2 and the double1 by changing ,four1 i4e4 ,two to make one ,change and two another2 which is however called ,one double ,change1 and not two ,changes2 because tis made in striking the ,notes of the ,bells once round4 ,of ,cross-peals4 ,or in these ,cross-peals we must ,observe the prime ,movement1 which sets the whole ,frame a going1 and that is called the ,hunt1 which hath one constant ,uniform ,motion throughout the ,peal1 and different from that of the other ,notes2 and indeed by this the whole ,course of the ,peal is ,steered4 ,this keeps a continual motion through the other ,notes1 i4e4 from leading1 to strike behind1 and from thence again to ,lead2 which is called one compleat ,course4 ,some ,peals upon five ,bells consist of single ,courses1 wherein are ten ,changes1 and twelve ,courses make the ,peal4 ,others upon five consist of double ,courses1 wherein are twenty ,changes to every ,course1 and six ,courses in the ,peal4 ,upon six ,bells there are likewise single and double ,courses1 viz4 ,twelve ,changes in every single ,course1 as in ,grandsire-bob1 c4 and ,twenty-four ,changes in every double ,course1 as in ,college ,bobs1 that being the first ,change of every ,course1 wherein the ,hunt leaves ,leading3 ,in short1 judiciously observe the first ,course of any ,cross-peal1 and you will soon see the general ,method of the whole ,peal3 ,all ,courses in ,cross-,peals agreeing in these following three ,respects4 ,first1 ,in the ,motion of the ,hunt4 ,secondly ,in the motion of the rest of the ,notes3 ,and ,thirdly1 ,in making the ,changes4 ,which three things being well 7to omit ,instance of ,demonstration7 and narrowly observed1 will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing ,courses2 the first and third for directing you in ,pricking them1 and the first and second in ,ringing them4 ,there is one ,difficulty to be removed e're ,i can come to prick down those ,peals ,i design to be the ,subject of the ,discourse of this ,epitome1 and that is1 ,how to make the first ,changes at the beginning of each ,peal2 ,i mean to make the ,second1 ,third1 ,fourth1 c4 whole ,hunts2 and this ,in short is thus directed3 ,in any ,cross-peal the whole ,hunt may move either up or down at the beginning2 and the ,motion of the whole ,hunt1 in the first ,course of each of the following ,peals will direct the first ,motion of any ,cross-,hunt1 and by ,consequence of making the first ,changes in that ,peal4 ,taking along with you this ,observation4 ,that whensoever the first ,change of any ,peal happens to be single1 it must be made at the back-stroke1 to prevent cutting ,compass1 and the like when a double ,change happens first in a ,peal of ,triples and doubles3 ,but when it happens1 that the first ,change is made at the ,back-stroke1 then ,consequently the ,bells at the end of the ,peal will come round at a ,fore-stroke ,change4 ,i shall omit speaking to any of the several ,peals on four or five ,bells2 for that in my opinion little ,musick is heard1 though much ,practical ,observation is made1 from them2 and therefore shall begin with ,grandsire-bob1 as having mentioned it but just before in my general ,view ,i made of ,cross-peals4 ,grandsire ,bob4 ,bob ,changes take their ,name from this2 viz4 ,when the ,treble leads in the ,second and ,third1 and the ,fifth and ,sixth's places1 then they are called ,bob-changes4 ,in ,ringing which you are to observe these ,rules1 viz4 ,whatsoever ,bells you follow when you ,hunt up1 the same ,bells in the same order you must follow in ,hunting down2 as in the ,changes here prickt1 where the ,treble hunting up ,first follows ,second1 then ,fourth1 and then ,sixth2 when it comes behind1 ,first follows ,second1 in hunting down ,fourth2 and when hunting up follows ,sixth in the same ,order3 ,the like may be observed in ,ringing any other ,bell1 with this ,difference betwixt the whole ,hunt and the rest1 viz4 ,every time the ,whole hunt leaves the ,treble's place1 and hunts up1 it followeth different ,bells1 from what it did at its first hunting up4 ,in the ensuing ,peal here prickt are ,eighteen-score ,changes1 wanting one4 ,it may be ,rung with any ,hunts1 and begin the ,changes ,triple and ,double3 ,you may make your extream at the first1 second1 or third single ,bob2 or the first1 second1 or third time1 that the half and ,quarter-hunts dodge behind2 the single must be made behind in either of these4 #abcdef bob4 #acdbef #adcbfe #abfdce ------ #aefdbc #cabdfe #adbcef ------ #badcfe #eadfcb #cbafde ------ #afbcde #bdafce #edacfb #bcfaed #abdecf #afcbed #dbfaec #decabf #bfcead #abedfc ------ #dfbeac #dcebaf #fbecda ------ #acfebd #fdebca #cdbefa #febdca #aebfdc #acefdb #fedcba #cbdfea #efdbac #aefbcd ------ #efcdab #bcfdae #edfabc ------ #aecdfb #ecfadb #bfcade #deafcb #afecbd bob4 #ceafbd #fbaced #daecfb #afcedb #acedbf #caebfd #fabcde #adcebf ------ ------ #acbedf #afebdc bob4 #acfdeb #aecbdf #acebfd #afbecd #acdefb bob4 #aebcfd #cabedf #faebdc #caedbf #afcdbe ------ #cbadef #feadbc #ceabdf ------ #abefcd #bcdafe #efdacb #ecbafd #acfbde #abfedc #bdcfae #edfcab #ebcfad #acbfed ------ #dbfcea #decfba #befcda ------ #afbdec #dfbeca #dcebfa #bfedca #abcefd #afdbce #fdebac #cdbeaf #fbdeac #abecdf ------ #fedabc #cbdaef #fdbaec ------ #adfcbe #efadcb #bcadfe #dfabce #aebdcf bob4 #eafcdb #bacfde #dafcbe #aedbfc #afdceb #aecfbd #abfced #adcfeb ------ ------ #aefcdb #abcfde bob4 #adefbc #adfecb #eacfbd #bafced #acdfbe bob4 bob4 #ecabfd #bfaecd #cafdeb #aedfcb #afdebc #cebade #fbeadc #cfaedb ------ ------ #cbedaf #febdac #fceabd #adecfb #adfbec #bcdefa #efdbca #fecbad bob4 #adbfce #bdcfea #edfcba #efbcda #aedcbf ------ #dbfcae #decfab #ebfdca ------ #abdcfe #dfbace #dceafb #bedfac #adebcf ------ #fdabec #cdaebf #bdeafc #adbefc #abcdef #fadebc #cadbef #dbaecf ------ #afedcb #acbdfe #dabcef #abdfec ,thus much for the ,grandsire-bob2 ,i shall next collect what ,london ,peals ,i think most ,harmonious1 and agreeable1 without troubling my self to go to ,oxford1 or ,nottingham1 or ,redding1 to enquire after their different ,methods of ,peals1 as indeed needless2 and my reason is this3 ,because ,i think the same ,rules for ,peals that are suitable to our ,london ,genius1 may challenge likewise an ,acceptance amongst other ,cities2 provided their ,steeples are furnished with as many1 and as good ,bells1 and their ,belfree's with as ingenious and elaborate ,ringers as here in ,london4 ,i shall begin then with ,peals upon six ,bells1 and herein in order1 measure out the ,delights on ,peals from ,six to ,eight ,bells1 and setting out early1 present you with ,the ,morning ,exercise4 ,doubles and singles4 ,the whole ,hunt is the ,treble1 which ,hunteth up into the ,second1 ,third1 and ,fourth places1 lying twice in each2 and then lyeth still in the ,sixth place1 having dodged behind1 and makes another1 and then ,hunts down as it ,hunted up1 and then leads four times4 ,observing the manner of its ,pricking1 and its ,practice1 may excuse any further defining it4 #abcdef ------ #bfeadc #afcdbe #abefdc #adcbef #bacdfe #bfeacd ------ #abefcd #acdbfe #bacdef #bfeadc #afebdc ------ #acdbef #bcadfe #bfaecd #afebcd #abdcfe ------ #bcadef #bafedc #aefbdc #abdcef #acfebd #bcdafe #bafecd #aefbcd #adbcfe #acfedb #bcdaef #abfedc ------ #adbcef bob4 #bdceaf #abfecd #aedcbf ------ #acefbd #bdcefa #afbedc #aedcfb #adfecb #acefdb #bdecaf #afbecd bob4 #adfebc ------ #bdecfa ------ #aecdbf bob4 #acbdfe #bedfca #afdceb #aecdfb #adefcb #acbdef #bedfac #afdcbe ------ #adefbc #abcdfe #befdca bob4 #aebfdc ------ #abcdef #befdac #afcdeb #aebfcd #adcbfe ------ ,this will go a #abj ,changes1 and by making ,bobs1 #bdj1 #cfj1 #bgj4 ,a ,cure for ,melancholy4 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,i should think it needless to explain the method of prick'd ,peals1 and give a large ,definition of them1 when their plain ,demonstration might be sufficient2 ,however1 as the ,old ,phrase is1 ,because 'tis usual1 something shall be said of this too4 ,the ,treble is the whole ,hunt1 as in the former1 and leads four times1 and lyeth behind as many1 and twice in every other place2 the two ,bells in the #c;d4 and #dth4 places continue dodging1 when the ,treble moves out of the #dth4 place1 until it comes down there again1 and then the two hindmost dodge1 till the ,treble displaceth them2 who maketh every double ,change1 except when it lieth behind1 and then the double is on the four first1 and on the four last when it leads4 ,every single 7except when the ,treble lies there7 is in the #eth4 and #fth4 places2 or if possessed by the ,treble1 then in the #c;d4 and #dth4 places3 ,every ,bell 7except the ,treble7 lies four times in the ,second place3 ,but enough2 a word is enough to the ,wise4 ,see it here ,deciphered4 #abcdef ------ #debacf #afedcb #abfecd #aefdcb #bacdfe #debafc ------ #abfedc bob4 #bacdef #deabcf #adcfeb ------ #afedbc #bcadfe #deabfc #adcfbe #aedbfc #afedcb #bcadef #daebcf bob4 #aedbcf ------ #bcdafe #daebfc #acdfeb #aebdfc #acbfed #bcdaef #adebcf #acdfbe #aebdcf #acbfde #bdceaf #adebfc ------ ------ #acfbed #bdecaf #adbecf #afbcde #adcebf #acfbde #bdcefa #adbefc #afbced #adcefb ------ #bdecfa ------ #afcbde bob4 #abdcfe #dbcefa #aefdbc #afcbed #acdebf #abdcef #dbecfa #aefdcb ------ #acdefb #abcdfe #dbceaf bob4 #abefcd ------ #abcdef #dbecaf #afedbc #abefdc #aefdbc ------ ,this will go ,six-score ,changes1 but by making bobs1 it will go #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,the ,bob is a double ,change at the leading of the ,treble1 in which the ,bell in the #dth4 place lyeth still4 ,london ,nightingale4 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,the ,whole-hunt is the ,treble1 who lyeth four times before1 and as many behind1 and twice in every other place3 ,the two hind ,bells continue dodging1 when the ,treble moves down out of the ,fifth place1 till he comes there again1 the ,bell in the ,fourth place lying still all the while3 ,when the two hind ,bells aforesaid leave dodging1 then the two ,first ,bells take their dodging places1 till dispossessed again1 by the return of the said ,hind ,bells to their dodging2 and then they ,cease4 #abcdef ------ #dbecaf #afbecd #adbcfe #afdecb #bacdfe #debacf ------ #abdcef bob4 #bacdef #debafc #aecfbd #abdcfe #afedbc #bcadfe #deabcf #aecfdb ------ #afedcb #bcadef #deabfc bob4 #acfbde ------ #bcdafe #daebcf #aefcbd #acfbed #adcfeb #bcdaef #daebfc #aefcdb #afcbde #adcfbe #bdceaf #adebcf ------ #afcbed bob4 #dbceaf #adebfc #acdefb ------ #adfceb #bdcefa #aedbcf #acdebf #abefcd #adfcbe #bdcefa #aedbfc bob4 #abefdc ------ #dbcefa ------ #acedfb #aebfcd #acbdfe #bdecfa #abfedc #acedbf #aebfdc #acbdef #dbecfa #abfecd ------ ------ #abcdfe #bdecaf #afbedc #adbcef #afdebc #abcdef ,this will go #abj1 and by making ,bobs1 #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,college ,bobs4 ,in this ,bob1 when the ,treble leaves the two ,hind ,bells1 they dodge till it comes there again1 and till the ,treble gives way for the dodging again of the said two ,hind ,bell1 the two ,first ,bells dodge1 but after ,cease dodging1 when the two ,hind ,bells dodge4 #abcdef ------ #bdcfea #dbafce #aebcfd #afecbd #badcfe #dbfcae #bdfaec #acebdf bob4 #abdcef #dfbace #bdafce #aecbdf #aefcdb #bacdfe #fdabec #dbfaec ------ ------ #bcadef #fdbace #dfbeac #abfedc #acbedf #cbdafe #dfabec c4 #abefcd #acebfd #cbadef #dafbce #afedcb ------ ------ #bcdafe #adbfec bob4 #afdbce #abdcfe #bdcfae #dabfce #aefdbc #afbdec #abcdef #dbfcea #adfbec ------ ------ ------ #bdfcae #adbfce #adcebf #adcfeb #dbcfea #dafbec bob4 bob4 #bdfcea #adfbce #acdefb #acdfbe #dbcfae #dabfec ------ ------ ,another4 ,here1 every ,bell1 when it comes to lead1 makes a dodge before1 then after one ,change1 it lyeth still2 after it has made another dodge1 it moves up into the #dth4 place1 where twice it lyeth still2 and down again2 except the ,treble happens to dodge with it in the #dth4 place1 then it hunts up behind4 ,when the ,treble moves down out of the #c;d4 place1 the two ,bells in the #c;d4 and #dth4 place continue there1 till the ,treble comes up thither again1 the two hind ,bells dodging in the mean time4 #abcdef ------ #bfecad #acbefd #acedbf #afdceb #badcfe #fbecda #caebdf ------ ------ #abdcef #bfcead #ceadbf #aecbdf #adfecb #bacdfe #bcfaed #ecdafb #aebcfd bob4 #bcafde #cbafde #ceadfb ------ #afdebc #cbfade #bcfade #ecdabf #abefcd ------ #bcafed #cbafed c4 #abfedc #adfbec #cbfaed #cabefd #aecfbd ------ #adbfce #cfbdae #acebdf bob4 #afbdec ------ #fcdbea #caebfd #acefdb #afdbce #abdcfe #cfdbae #acbedf ------ ------ #abcdef #fcbdea #acebfd #aecdfb #adfcbe ------ #fbceda #cabedf bob4 bob4 ,both these bobs will go ,one ,hundred and ,twenty ,changes1 and by making of bobs1 they will go1 #bdj1 #cfj1 or #gbj4 ,and thus with little ,variation1 there are other bobs may be made after the same manner1 and afford as ,admirable ,musick1 as possibly can be made on ,bells4 ,i shall therefore hasten to finish this days ,work1 only first present you with this one more called1 ,the ,city ,delight3 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,the whole ,hunt is the ,treble1 and lieth as before in the ,nightingale3 ,when the ,treble moves out of the #c;d4 place1 the ,singles are made in the #b;d4 and #c;d4 place1 till the ,treble repossesses his #c;d4 place1 and then behind1 till it moves up again out of the #c;d4 place4 ,the two hind ,bells dodge1 when the ,treble moves out of the #dth4 place1 till he returns again2 the ,bell in the #dth4 place lying still all the while4 #abcdef #bfdcea #aedcfb #afbecd #adcbfe ------ #bfedac bob4 #afbedc #adcbef #bacdfe #befdac #aecdbf #abfecd #acdbfe #bacdef #bfeadc #aecdfb #abfedc #acdbef #bcadfe #befadc ------ ------ ------ #bcadef #beafcd #aefbcd #abdcfe #acefdb #bcdafe #beafdc #aefbdc #abdcef #acefbd #bcdaef #baefcd #afebcd #adbcfe bob4 #bdcaef #baefdc #afebdc #adbcef #acfedb #bcdfae #abefcd ------ ------ #acfebd #bdcfae #abefdc #afdceb #adefbc ------ #bdcfae #aebfcd #afdcbe #adefcb #acbdfe #bdfcea #aebfdc bob4 bob4 #acbdef #bfdcea ------ #afcdeb #adfebc #abcdfe #bdfeca #aedcbf #afcdbe #adfecb #abcdef ------ ,this will go as many ,changes as the last mentioned1 by making ,bobs4 ,and here ,i will shut up this days ,peal upon ,six ,bells with ,the ,evening ,delight4 ,doubles and ,singles4 ,the ,whole ,hunt is the ,treble1 and lyes as before specified1 with this exception only3 ,that it dodges in the #b;d4 and #c;d4 places1 every time it ,hunts up1 and down4 ,observe when ,treble goes to lead1 and leaves of leading1 the ,bells in the #c;d4 and #dth places lye still1 c4 ,note the pricking this ,peal4 #abcdef ------ #bedafc #afdbce #adecbf #aefcbd #bacdfe #bdeafc ------ #aedcbf bob4 #bcadfe #bdaecf #afbdec ------ #afecdb #bacfde #badecf #abfdec #aecdfb #aefcdb #bcafde #bdacef bob4 #acedfb ------ #bcfaed #badcef #afbdce #aecfdb #aecfbd #bfcaed #abdcfe #abfdce #acefdb #acefbd #bcfead #adbcfe ------ ------ #aecbfd #bfcead #abdfce #abdfec #acfebd #acebfd #bfecad #adbfce #adbfec #afcebd ------ #befcda ------ #abdefc bob4 #acbedf #bfedca #adfbec #adbefc #acfedb #abcedf #befdca #afdbce ------ #afcedb #acbdef #bedfac bob4 #adebcf ------ #abcdef #bdeafc #adfbec #aedbcf #afecbd ------ ,this ,peal will go #abj ,changes1 and by making ,bobs1 as many as above4 ,note that in all the foregoing ,peals upon ,six ,bells1 the ,bobs are double ,changes1 and made always at the leadings of the ,whole-,hunt4 ,he that ,rings the ,half-,hunt1 may best call ,bob in all ,peals4 ,i come now to the ,changes upon ,seven ,bells1 which though the seldom ,practice of them might excuse my omitting them2 yet1 because ,i promised to say somewhat of them1 ,i shall be as good as my ,word1 7the ,character of an ,honest man7 and present you with a couple of ,examples1 and then proceed to ,peals upon ,eight3 ,but this ,i must crave leave to premise1 ,that ,variety of ,changes may be prick'd upon ,seven ,bells1 as ,triples1 and ,doubles1 ,triples ,doubles1 and ,single ,doubles1 c4 and the same ,methods may be prick'd upon ,seven1 as may be upon ,five1 the true difference of ,proportion being observed2 but to proceed4 ,dodging ,triples4 ,triples and ,doubles1 and indeed all ,peals upon ,six1 may likewise go upon ,seven ,bells1 thus1 #abcdefg ------- #badcegf #debcfga #ceadbgf #bdaecfg #edcbgfa #caebdfg #dbeacgf #debcgaf #acbedgf #debcafg #edcbagf #acebgdf #edcbfag #ecdabfg ,plain ,triples4 #abcdefg ------- #badcfeg #fgdebca #ceagbfd #bdafcge #gfedcba #caebgdf #dbfagce #gefcdab #acbedgf #dfbgaec #egcfadb #fdgbeac #ecgafbd ,in this all the ,bells have a ,hunting ,course4 ,college ,triples1 dodging before1 and behind1 #abcdefg ------- #badcegf #bdfgcae #dagfbce #bdaecfg #dbgface #dgabfec #dbeacgf #bdgafec #gdbafce #bdecafg #dbagfce #dgbfaec #dbcefag #dabfgec #gdfbeac #bdcfega #adfbgce #dgfebca #dbfcgea #adfgbec ,this ,peal thus prick't1 will go1 #hd ,changes1 and the ,treble leading1 and the ,half ,hunt lying next it1 and a parting ,change 7which is a double on the four middlemost of the ,six hind ,bells7 being made1 it will go #dbj1 and by making ,bobs #ejdj4 ,thus much shall suffice for ,peals upon ,seven ,bells1 ,i proceed to ,changes upon ,eight4 ,peals of ,eight ,bells4 ,without amusing our selves with what ,notes are most ,musical1 to lye behind1 we will come to the matter of ,fact2 for those ,methods of ,peals that are prick'd on six1 may be the same upon ,eight1 ,observing only1 that ,triples and ,doubles upon ,six1 must be ,quadruples1 and ,triples upon ,eight4 ,the ,imperial ,bob4 ,quadruples and ,triples4 ,the ,treble hath a dodging ,course1 the two first1 and two last ,bells always dodge1 till hindered by the ,treble1 the two next to these1 lying still one ,change1 dodge the next1 till the ,treble hinders them too1 ,those in the #eth4 and #fth4 places dodge 7the ,treble being behind7 and those in the #c;d4 and #dth4 places likewise dodge 7the ,treble being before7 and so till hindered by the ,treble4 #abcdefgh -------- #dbcfahge #afhdgbec #adbhcfge #badcfehg #bdcfhaeg #afdhbgce -------- #abcdfegh #dbfcahge -------- #ahfdebgc #badcfehg #bdfacheg #ahgfedcb #ahdfbecg #bdacfegh #dbafhcge bob4 -------- #dbcaefhg #bdfahceg #aghfdebc #afehgdcb #bdacefgh #dbafcheg -------- bob4 #dbcafehg #dabfhceg #afegchbd #aefhdgcb #bdcfaegh #adfbchge bob4 -------- #dbfceahg #dabfcheg #aefghcdb #ahgecfbd #bdfcaegh #adfbhcge -------- bob4 #dbcfeahg #adbfcheg #agcebfdh #aghefcdb #bdfcehag #dafbhcge #agecfbhd -------- #dbcfhega #adbfhceg -------- #aecgbhdf #bdcfehag #dafbchge #acbgdehf #aegchbfd #dbfchega #dfabhceg #acgbedfh -------- #bdcfehga #fdbachge -------- #acbedgfh #dbfcheag #dfabcheg #abdchgfe #acebgdhf #bdfcehga #fdbahcge #abcdghef -------- #dbcfheag #dfbhaceg -------- #abdcfehg #bdfchaeg c4 #adhbfceg #abcdefgh -------- ,by this method the ,peal will go #bbd ,changes1 and by making of ,bobs it will go #ddh1 #fgb1 #acdd4 ,the ,bob is a ,triple ,change at the leading of the ,treble1 wherein the ,bell in the ,fourth place lies still4 ,the next that comes to our ,observation1 and answers to what we first hinted at in the beginning of this discourse of ,peals upon ,eight ,bells1 ,i mean ,precedency in ,title1 is the ,bob ,major4 ,plain ,quadruples and ,triples4 ,in this all the ,bells have a direct ,hunting ,course1 until the ,treble leads1 and then the six hindmost ,bells dodge4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #hfgdebca #ceagbhdf #bdafcheg #hgfedcba #caebgdhf #dbfahcge #ghefcdab #acbedgfh #dfbhagce #gehcfadb #caebgdhf #fdhbgaec #egchafbd #fhdgbeac #ecgahbfd ,by this method this will go #aab4 ,and by making ,bobs1 #bbd1 #ccf1 or #fgb4 ,the ,bob is a ,triple ,change1 as in the foregoing ,imperial is specified4 ,by making two ,extreams1 it will go #acdd1 and with four ,extreams1 #bfhh4 ,all ,peals upon ,six ,bells1 wherein half the ,changes are ,triples1 will go upon ,eight according to the method before-going1 thus2 ,if it be a ,peal upon ,six consisting of #cfj1 or #gbj ,changes1 then there must be five ,hunts in the ,ringing of it upon ,eight1 the ,treble being the first1 #b the ,second1 c4 ,college ,bob ,major4 ,quadruples and ,triples4 ,there is four ways of pricking these4 ,the first hath single ,dodging behind1 and is thus ,peal'd4 ,the ,first4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #efcdhbga #ghacfebd #bdafcegh #ecfhdgba #gahfcedb #dbfaechg #cehfgdab #agfhecbd #dfbeacgh #chegfadb #afgehcdb #fdebcahg #hcgeafbd #fedcbhag #hgcaefdb ,the ,second4 ,this hath ,single ,dodging before and behind1 thus prickt4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #dbcehfga #dbagchfe #bdafcegh #bdchegfa #dabcghef #dbfaechg #dbhcgeaf #adcbhgfe #bdfeacgh #bdhgcaef #acdhbgef #dbefcahg #dbghacfe #bdecfhag #bdgahcef ,the ,third4 ,this hath double ,dodging behind1 thus ,prickt4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #fcedhbga #ghaecfbd #bdacefgh #fechdgba #gahefcdb #dbcafehg #efhcgdab #agehcfbd #dcbfaegh #ehfgcadb #aeghfcdb #cdfbeahg #hegfacbd #cfdebhag #hgbafcdb ,the ,fourth4 ,this hath double ,dodging before and behind both1 thus4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #dbfchega #dbafgceh #bdacefgh #bdcfhgea #dabfcghe #dbcafehg #dbfcghae #adfbgceh #bdcfaegh #bdcfgahe #afdbcghe #dbfceahg #dbfcageh #bdcfehag #bdfacghe ,these may be prick't several other ways1 but that ,i ,omit here for ,brevities sake2 ,the ,dodging is without ,intermission1 except an hinderence comes by the ,treble2 as likewise between two ,bells1 until ,treble parts the ,fray4 ,the ,bobs are ,triple ,changes1 as the ,treble leads2 in the #ast4 #b;d4 and #fth4 the ,bell in the #dth4 place lies still at the ,bobs1 and in the #c;d4 #dth4 and #eth4 that in the #b;d4 place lies still4 ,each of these will go #aab ,changes1 and by making ,bobs #bbd1 #ccf1 or #fgb4 ,college ,triples ,dodging both before and behind4 ,this ,peal is the same for ,bobs1 as the ,bob ,major1 and will go as many ,changes by making ,bobs1 or otherwise1 as any of the foregoing ,four1 and is thus ,peal'd4 #abcdefgh -------- #badcfehg #dbefhcga #dbaeghcf #bdaecfgh #bdehfgca #dabgehfc #dbeacfhg #dbehgfac #adgbehcf #bdecafgh #bdeghafc #agdebhfc #dbecfahg #dbegahcf #bdefchag #bdeaghfc ,the ,wild-,goose ,chase ,triples4 ,the ,explanation shall follow the ,peal2 intending here to put an end to my ,epitome of the ,art of ,ringing1 and therefore shall first present you with this ,prick't thus4 #abcdefgh -------- #baecfghd #cgfbedha #aecbgfhd #beafcgdh #gcbfedah #acegbfdh #ebfacghd #gbcefadh #cagebfhd #efbcagdh #bgecafhd #cgabefdh #fecbgahd #begacfdh #gcbaefhd #fcegbhad #ebagcfhd #gbceafdh #cfgehbda #eabcgfdh ,in this ,change the #dth4 ,bell must first hunt up into the ,sevenths place1 and then the #d and #h always dodge behind throughout the ,peal1 unless when obstructed by the ,treble4 ,the ,bell that moves up into the #fth4 place1 when the ,treble moves thence down1 lies still there1 till displaced by the ,treble2 during which time the two hind ,bells dodge1 and the five first go a perfect ,hunting-course3 ,and when likewise the ,treble moveth out of the #eths4 place the five first ,bells go a ,hunting-course1 till it comes down there again3 ,by this method it will go #hj changes1 and by ,bobs #afj1 #bdj1 or #dhj4 ,the ,bob is made as in the foregoing ,changes4 ,and here ,i thought to make an end of the ,art of ,ringing1 but ,cynthius aurem vellit1 the young ,practitioner1 whose only ,information is hereby aimed at1 plucks me by the ,sleeve1 and tells me in the ,ear1 that tho' ,peals upon six1 as ,triples and ,doubles1 c4 make excellent ,musick upon ,eight ,bells1 #d #h1 #f #h1 #d #a1 or #a #h lying behind3 ,or1 ,triples and ,doubles upon the six middle ,bells1 the ,tenor lying behind2 yet for him who is not arrived to such a perfection of ,skill1 as to ,ring these compleat ,peals1 the most proper and easy for him are ,set-changes1 which are founded on these ,grounds4 ,first1 ,placing the ,bells ,fifths2 thus the #d must hunt up behind the #g1 the #c behind the #f1 and the #b behind the #e2 or the one may ,hunt down under the other1 as the #e under the #b1 the #f under #c1 and #g under #d3 ,or if you will1 first let a ,single1 next a ,double1 and then a ,triple ,change be made on the middle ,bells1 all coming to the same effect2 for then the ,changes will lye ,fifths thus3 #a #e1 #b #f1 #c #g1 #d #h4 ,in the ,peal four ,concords are to be regarded1 ,the first #a #e1 the ,second #b #f1 the third #c #g1 and the fourth #d #h4 ,these four ,concords may go the ,methods of any ,changes upon four ,bells2 #a1 #e being taken for the ,treble2 #b1 #f for the ,second2 #c1 #f for the ,third2 and #d1 #h for the ,fourth2 and the ,concords may ,change places with one another1 as you lift4 ,in which this ,observation is highly necessary1 that the two ,notes of every ,concord must constantly attend each other in their ,motion2 that is1 whenever one of the two ,notes moves1 the other must follow it4 ,or ,secondly1 ,place the ,bells ,thirds2 thus3 ,the #f #d and #b must hunt up1 or else the #c #e #g down2 or otherwise on the middlemost ,bells let a ,triple1 ,double or ,single ,change be made1 are to one effect2 and then the ,bells will lye ,thirds thus1 #a #c4 #e #g4 #b #d4 #f #h4 ,herein are four ,concords observable2 as in the former ,peal1 viz4 #a #c4 #e #g4 #b #d4 #f #h4 ,these ,concords may go the ,methods of any ,changes upon ,four ,bells1 #a1 #c being taking for the ,treble1 #e1 #g for the ,second2 #b1 #d for the ,third2 and #f1 #h for the ,fourth2 moving in the same manner2 as before shewed4 ,by these ,grounds ,variety of excellent and ,musical ,changes are to be ,rung2 any ,concord may be made a ,hunt1 and to move up and down at the beginning4 ,in ,ringing these ,set-changes1 the ,note will lye sometimes ,fifths1 sometimes ,thirds and both1 and then to ,clam them1 is admirable ,musick3 ,clamming is1 when each ,concord strike together2 which being done true the #h will strike as but four ,bells1 and make a ,melodious ,harmony4 ,you may ,clam two or three bouts1 and then strike as many times ,open1 alternatively1 one ,clam one ,pull1 and ,open the next1 c4 ,vocal ,musick3 ,or1 ,plain and ,easy ,directions to ,sing by ,notes1 wherein with a little ,help1 any one who is ,musically given1 may be perfected in a short time4 ,musick1 especially ,vocal1 has been of such high ,esteem in all ,ages1 that it is accounted no less than a ,divine ,science producing such ,concordance1 and ,harmony1 that it cheereth and rejoyceth the ,hearts of ,men1 and is delightful to every ,creature4 ,it is certainly an ,addition to the joy in ,heaven1 where the ,saints and ,angels sing ,halleluja's and ,songs of ,praises before the ,throne of ,god4 ,st4 ,austin tells us1 that it is the ,gift of ,god to ,men1 as well as to ,angels1 and a ,representation and ,admonition of the sweet consent and ,harmony which his ,wisdom hath made in the ,creation and ,administration of the ,world4 ,but not to ,prologue on what everywhere so much commends it self1 ,i shall ,sum up what in that ,nature is expedient in a few ,verses1 and so proceed to the ,subject ,matter1 viz4 ,nature1 which is the vast ,creations ,soul1 ,that steady curious ,agent in the whole1 ,the ,art of ,heaven1 the ,order of this ,frame ,is only ,musick in an other ,name3 ,and as some ,king ,conquering what was his own ,hath choice of various ,titles to his ,crown1 ,so ,harmony on this ,score now1 that then1 ,yet still is all that takes and governs ,men3 ,beauty is but ,composure1 and we find ,content is but the ,concord of the ,mind2 ,friendship the ,unison of well tun'd ,hearts1 ,honour the ,chorus of the noblest ,parts4 ,and all the ,worlds good on which we can reflect ,is ,musick to the ,ear1 or to the ,intellect4 ,there are to make up a ,musical ,harmony computed seven ,notes2 now in the easiest way expressed by the ,seven letters of the ,alphbet1 viz4 ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,d4 ,e4 ,f4 ,g4 ,and ,if it so fall out1 that a ,voice or ,musick gradually rise or fall more than ,seven ,notes2 ,the subsequent #hth1 #ith1 or #ajth1 will in the same order proceed1 bearing the like ,relation each to the other1 as the #ast4 #b;d4 #c;d1 c4 to which they respectively are ,eights4 ,and so that from hence every ,eighth ,note1 being in ,nature alike1 is called by the name of that to which it is in an ,eighth2 however above or below it2 and for the better understanding the various ,musical ,compositions out of these ,notes1 ,musicians have devised and make use of ,lines and ,characters1 that as a ,language they may be understood and ,communicated by ,book1 for the ,instruction of the unlearned3 ,as in the following ,introductory ,example1 you will perceive2 ,illustration3 ,music ,in this example1 before ,i come nearer to particulars in general1 observe first1 that those ,characters you observe at the beginning of the ,lines1 are termed ,cliffs or ,claves1 ,keys to open and signify what part or pitch of ,voice1 viz4 the ,treble1 ,mean1 or ,basse properly the ,notes belong to2 as likewise on what ,line or ,space the ,seven letters expressing the ,notes is placed4 ,and then again1 the five ,lines and ,spaces between them are useful1 as ,steps or ,gradations whereon the degrees of ,sound are to be expressed1 or the ,notes ascending and descending3 ,then ,thirdly1 the ,characters placed on the five ,lines1 express the ,notes themselves1 or stand for them2 and their difference in form1 signify their quality1 whether they be longer or shorter4 ,your care must therefore be in this1 and the ,chapters following1 to consider well in the first place1 the ,gam-ut1 to learn the use of the ,cliffs3 ,next to that1 the ,names of the ,lines and ,spaces1 whereby you may readily know how to call a ,note1 as it stands on any of the ,lines2 and ,thirdly1 ,how you should ,sing those ,notes in right ,tune1 as well by degrees1 as leaps2 and last of all1 to give each ,note its due ,quantity of ,time4 ,this in general1 being observed1 and seriously weighed2 that you may take a prospect of your task1 ,i from it proceed to the ,gam-ut1 so far as ,i think necessary to my present design1 which is to let you understand by it the use of the ,cliffs1 with the order and distances of the ,notes1 as the ,parts in a ,body lye together4 ,illustration3 ,the ,gamut or ,scale of ,,music ,the consistence of this ,scale is of ,eleven ,lines1 with the ,intermediate ,spaces1 and contains the places of all the ,notes that are made use of ,ordinarily in ,vocal ,musick4 ,in the first ,column you will find placed the ,old ,notes1 being set down1 that you may see what they are4 ,and in the ,second ,column you are shewed which of the ,seven letters properly belongs to each ,line and ,space4 ,the ,third ,column contains the ,cliffs1 or signed ,keys1 demonstrating how many degrees of ,notes they are one above another1 which once ,circumspectly observed and known1 the other degrees of ,distance are with more ease computed4 ,and here ,five of these ,lines1 with their ,spaces1 are usually sufficient for the pricking down any ,tune1 for which reason this ,scale is divided into ,three ,parts or ,staves1 compassed in with ,arched ,lines2 and of these the lowermost five are proper and belonging to the ,bass1 and are known by this mark ,symbol3 ,bass ,clef on the ,line of ,f4 usually1 therefore called the ,f4 ,fa-ut ,cliff or ,key2 because it opens to us the letters standing on the other ,lines and ,spaces1 as in the ensuing ,chapter will appear4 ,as for the uppermost five ,lines1 they contain the highest of the ,notes1 and so belong to the ,treble or highest ,part4 ,the ,key to which is marked in this manner1 ,symbol3 ,g clef and sometimes ,g ,s4 on the lower ,line but one4 ,the middle part or ,tenor1 usually takes in two of the upper ,treble ,lines2 also two of the ,bass ,lines1 that in the middle only being proper to it self1 known by this mark placed on it1 ,symbol3 ,tenor ,clef mark for the ,cliff or ,key1 its place being properly in the middle ,line1 however it is many times placed on one or other of the other ,lines2 and note which ever the ,cliff stands on1 that ,line is the place of ,c4 and accordingly the other ,lines are to be reckoned3 ,sometimes likewise we find the ,bass ,cliff is removed to the middle ,line1 and upon such removal1 that ,line is ,f1 c4 and tho' this manner of ,shifting the ,cliff is troublesome1 yet ,custom and ,practice having made the knowing of them necessary1 you ought to be very well understanding in the manner of them1 if you would be well skilled in ,vocal or ,instrumental ,musick4 ,the ,names of the ,lines and ,spaces4 ,having thus far plainly proceeded to ,introduce the beginner or learner1 ,i now lead a step further to the ,names of the ,lines and ,spaces1 which is a thing very ,materal in the beginning of learning4 ,for in the ,gam-ut having seen how the ,notes lye together in a ,body1 it will be proper to know how you must take them into parts according to the several ,cliffs1 which are three in number1 three beginning usually1 as most common with the uppermost4 ,and in these your first care will be to learn the ,names of the ,lines and ,spaces1 which are opened to you by the ,cliff or ,key2 and these are in number ,seven1 expressed in the ,seven letters1 ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,d4 ,e4 ,f4 ,g4 which for a more perfect ,sounds sake1 and other reasons to be given1 you must pronounce or call ,la1 ,b1 ,ce1 ,d1 ,l1 ,f1 ,g4 and this ,fa must be pronounced broad1 c4 ,these and the like ,names the ,notes receive for two ,reasons2 the first is1 because the ,voice is best sent forth in expressing some ,syllable2 as likewise that this number of ,notes might be known by as many distinct ,names1 as for their places in the ,cliffs3 ,see the ,plate following4 ,illustration3 ,music ,and it will be very necessary1 that you should begin with and keep to one ,cliff at the first1 as it pleases you to chuse1 or as either of the three best agrees with your ,voice for a high or low ,pitch4 ,having gone through all the ,rules1 and being perfect in that1 then it is fit you should proceed to the other4 ,there is no need you should meddle or trouble your self with the ,tenor or ,c ,cliff because it keeps no certain place2 you must observe however1 before you go further1 to be ready at naming the ,lines and ,spaces1 so readily to tell1 as soon as you look on them1 what letter any ,line or ,space is called or named by4 ,as for the rest1 the ,cliff leads you to them1 for beginning there1 and ,ascending1 you will find the letters lying in ,order1 and in descending2 it is only your naming them backwards4 ,the dash ,lines1 which you perceive above and below1 are added only when the ,notes ,ascend above the ,staff1 or descend below it4 ,directions as to the ,distances of one ,note from another1 as to ,sound4 ,in this case1 the distances are not all equal1 but that in the rising and falling of any ,eight ,notes1 there are two lesser distances2 and these are named ,semitones1 or the ,half ,notes1 which must be well observed and known1 in remarquing their places in the ,staff of ,lines2 and the better to have them in your ,memory at all times take a rule from certain ,rhimes that point at their places1 viz4 ,in every octave there are half ,notes two1 ,which do to us their proper places shew2 ,one half ,note you will find from ,b to ,ce1 ,the other half one lyes twixt ,fa and ,le4 ,the octave mentioned as an ,eighth1 and this ,rule denotes the ordinary places where you are to ,sing the ,half ,notes1 when there are no ,flats or ,sharps placed or set in the ,lines1 viz4 between ,b and ,ce1 and twixt ,le and ,f2 these ,flats and ,sharps you will find thus marked ,symbol3 for ,flat ,symbol3 for ,sharp and when the ,semitones1 or ,half ,notes are shifted1 they are known by them when they are found upon the ,lines4 ,illustration3 ,music ,observe1 that in these ,staves or ,lines1 you find the ,notes ,gradually ,ascending1 of which the ,pairs marked with ,arches are half a ,note distant4 ------- ,g4 ------- ,f4 #a ------- ,e4 #b ------- ,d4 #c ------- ,c4 #d ------- ,b4 #e ------- ,a4 #f ------- ,g4 ,this ,marginal ,figure1 shews to the ,eye the distance of the ,seven ,notes one from another1 the ,letters ,guiding or ,directing to the ,particulars1 whereas you perceive ,b1 ,ce1 and ,l1 ,fa1 lying near unto the rest1 so must their ,sounds be nearer when you come to ,tune your ,voice in harmony1 c4 and the better to express with your ,voice1 and so observe the difference between half and whole distances of ,notes2 ,sing often over these six ,mona-,syllables1 viz4 ,one1 ,two1 ,three1 ,four1 ,five1 ,six1 distinctly1 as is to be observed in the ,tune of ,six ,bells2 and when you have done it many times1 ,sing only ,one1 ,two1 ,three1 ,four1 and there stop1 repeating three four by them selves for they are ,semitones distant in ,sound1 and the rest are alone1 or a whole ,note distant each from the next2 so that by a little ,judicial ,observation you will perceive the three and four ,bells to be a lesser distant in ,sound1 than the other4 ,the ,figures or ,number #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 in the foregoing ,marginal ,figures1 shew the several distances to the ,eye of the ,six ,notes where ,le is the first1 ,d the ,second1 c4 and the third and fourth1 are ,ce1 ,b1 distant half a ,note or ,tune4 ,directions for the ,tuning of ,notes1 c4 ,the properest and most easy way for ,tuning your ,notes rightly1 must be considered either in following the ,voice of one skilled in ,musick1 or ,singing1 or some such ,tuned ,instrument1 as is accomodated with ,frets or ,keys1 which are the readiest and only ways as yet made use of by ,practitioners4 ,that of a ,matter being most common1 but where none of these can be had by the party desirous to ,learn1 ,i shall lay down the following ,directions1 which will very much ,instruct one that hath a ,musical ,ear1 especially such a one as has heard1 and can ,sing the ,notes of the ,six ,bells1 of which1 ,i presume1 there are few1 whose ,genius ,leads them to the ,science of ,musick1 are ,ignorant4 ,let me put then1 ,supposing that you can ,sing1 ,one1 ,two1 ,three1 ,four1 ,five1 ,six1 right2 then shall ,i by the help of these ,notes1 proceed to set you further in the right1 and lead you to all the rest4 ,consider well then1 that beginning to ,sing the first ,note1 let it stand on what ,line or ,space it will1 you may ,sing it with what ,tune you think fit1 either higher low1 7as to the pitch of your ,voice7 but with this caution1 that you reckon how many ,notes you have above or below it1 that your ,voice in its pitch may be so managed as to reach them both without ,squeaking or ,grumbling1 or any harsh or rough ,indecency of ,sound4 ,for applying which six ,notes1 observe this first ,example2 ,make your beginning with the first ,bar1 and with a high ,voice ,sing the ,six ,notes you view on the ,staff divers times1 calling them over by the ,number1 viz4 ,one1 ,two1 ,three1 ,four1 ,five1 ,six1 as in the foregoing ,section2 when that is done2 ,sing the same ,notes by their ,names1 viz4 ,la1 ,g1 ,f1 ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 in the ,tune of six ,bells4 ,illustration3 ,music #b4 ,in the ,second and third ,bars1 you must ,sing the two first ,notes of the six by themselves1 forward and backward3 ,repeat all six in the fourth ,bar1 and in the fifth and sixth ,bars1 let the two last ,notes be repeated1 viz4 ,d1 ,ce1 forward and backward1 and these ,notes are a whole ,tone distant1 and by often repeating these ,notes in the second1 third fourth and fifth ,bars1 you will be better capable to know and distinguish their distance from the ,letter4 ,illustration3 ,music ,in the ,seventh ,bar repeat the last three often over after all the six4 ,first1 down1 ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 c4 and then proceed backwards1 as ,ce1 ,d1 ,le1 ,ce1 ,d1 ,le1 c4 ,illustration3 ,music ,observe in this ,eighth ,bar after all six often to repeat the four first1 as1 ,la1 ,g1 ,fa1 ,le1 and when you sing them particularly1 observe the two ,notes ,f1 ,le1 by reason their distance is a ,semitone2 wherefore you must take notice in the ,ninth ,bar to ,sing them by themselves so many times as you can conveniently fix them in your ,memory1 as to their distance1 for in this you will find it somewhat difficult to ,sing the half ,notes true in their proper places4 ,illustration3 ,music ,observe here in the tenth ,bar to ,sing the four first ,notes in their order downwards and upwards1 and in the ,eleventh ,bar you must first ,sing the six ,notes in their proper order3 ,after this repeat the four last ,notes1 viz4 ,f1 ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 taking ,notice to leave out the two first ,notes1 viz4 ,la1 ,g1 continually observing to ,mark the ,semitone between ,f1 ,le1 which two ,notes you must ,sing by themselves in the ,twelfth ,bar4 ,illustration3 ,music ,take notice now further1 that in the thirteenth ,bar you ,sing ,f1 ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 down and up1 as you find them pricked1 and observe especially the three last1 viz4 ,f1 ,le1 ,fa1 for this reason1 viz4 that it is a common close or ending of ,tunes4 ,also observe1 if in any place you doubt you ,sing right a repeated part of the six ,notes1 premised as are noted in the ,eleventh and ,thirteenth ,bars3 ,let all the six ,notes be ,sung over again in order1 and so proceed distinctly to try at the ,parts themselves4 ,the ,second ,example4 ,illustration3 ,music ,you having now gone over the former ,examples1 must proceed by the same clue of ,six ,notes to descend three ,gradations or ,steps lower1 viz4 to ,g4 which is to the ,second ,note of the first six1 an ,octave or ,eighth4 ,first then1 in the first ,bar you must begin with a high pitch in your ,voice1 and so having ,sung1 as in the former ,examples1 ,la1 ,g1 ,f1 ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 leave out ,la1 and only ,sing the ,five last3 ,then repeat only three in the ,second ,bar1 viz4 the three last ,la1 ,d1 ,ce1 calling them now not by those names1 but by that of ,one1 ,two1 ,three1 and though the names are altered1 you must not alter the ,tune or ,tone4 ,having thus proceeded1 observe in the third ,bar to ,sing the ,six ,notes from ,le1 to ,g1 naming them as the ,bells ,one1 ,two1 ,three1 ,four1 ,five1 ,six2 ,in such a manner1 that the three first of these be in ,tune1 the same with the three last of the former ,six2 after1 as ,i said1 you have ,sung them as the ,bells1 viz4 ,one1 ,two1 ,three1 ,four1 ,five1 at least four or five times1 then as often ,sing them again by their proper ,names1 viz4 ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 ,b1 ,la1 ,g4 ,observe again1 that in the fourth ,bar you ,sing the four first ,notes1 ,la1 ,d1 ,ce1 ,b1 about four times over2 after that repeat ,ce1 ,b1 by themselves taking good notice of their distance or differences1 which is a ,semitone like to ,f1 ,le above1 c4 ,consider once more1 as to this ,example1 as to the fifth ,bar after all the six are ,sung by you1 repeat the last four1 viz4 ,ce1 ,b1 ,l1 ,g1 do it often over1 keeping them up in the same ,tone they had in all six1 by which means ,ce and ,b will be distant half a ,note1 whereupon ,sing them backward1 viz4 ,g1 ,l1 ,b1 ,ce1 and at the end repeat ,d ,ce1 as you did ,le ,f at the thirteenth ,bar before set down4 ,illustration3 ,music ,observe further now in these ,six ,bars1 that when you have ,sung all six in order1 ,sing the three first ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 and there stop2 then proceed to ,sing those three over again in the same ,tune1 nor calling them ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 but ,three1 ,four1 ,five2 do it several times1 and so proceed to the ,seventh ,bar1 adding two ,notes above1 and ,sing them on the five ,bells1 viz4 ,one1 ,two1 ,three1 ,four1 ,five1 three or four times2 then call them by their names1 viz4 ,g1 ,f1 ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 then proceed to the ,eighth ,bar1 and add to the other five ,d1 ,la1 ,g1 to make up an ,octave1 keeping in your ,mind the distances1 as you ,sing them in the former ,examples2 and by this means you have the whole ,octave or ,eight ,notes from ,g to ,g1 which must be practised down and up1 and when you are perfect in it1 so as to ,sing your distances true with the ,semi-tones in their right places1 the following directions will lead you through the rest of the ,notes to ,sing any other ,octave1 beginning at any other ,letter4 ,illustration3 ,music ,begin at ,le again in the ,ninth ,bar1 and begin the six ,notes1 viz4 ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 ,b1 ,la1 ,g1 in proper order1 that done1 repeat the two last ,notes1 viz4 ,la1 ,g1 by themselves3 so proceed to the tenth ,bar1 and ,sing ,la1 ,g1 ,f1 ,le1 ,d1 ,ce1 so that ,la and ,g1 may be the same in ,tune as you found them in the former ,six2 and if so be your ,voice will not reach ,ce1 at the pitch you began the first ,bar1 then ,sing as far as you can1 or begin at ,le1 at the ninth ,bar higher1 ,singing these three last ,bars distinctly from the ,foregoing4 ,illustration3 ,music ,in the ,eleventh ,bar you must ,sing backward1 your six last ,notes1 viz4 ,ce1 ,d1 ,le1 ,f1 ,g1 ,la4 rising from ,ce1 to ,la1 so going one step ,backward to ,g1 rise to ,ce1 as in the foregoing fifth ,bar1 which is an ,octave to the lower ,ce4 ,and thus much may suffice for the ,beginner to practice on1 which1 if well understood1 will bring him in to ,sing ,notes in any ,tune4 ,of ,,cock-,,fighting4 ,herein let us first observe the choice of a ,cock of the ,game1 directed by these four ,characters following3 ,that he be3 #a4 ,of a strong ,shape1 proud and upright1 and for this the ,middle-sized1 neither too small or too large1 is best1 because most matchable1 strong and nimble4 ,his ,head small like a ,sparrow-,hawks2 his ,eye large and quick2 ,back strong crook't at the setting on1 and coloured as the ,plume of his ,feathers2 the ,beam of his ,leg very strong1 and colour'd as his ,plume2 ,spurs long1 rough1 and sharp1 hooking inward4 #b4 ,of a good ,colour1 and herein the ,gray1 ,yellow1 or ,red ,pyle1 with a black ,breast1 are to be preferred2 the ,pyde rarely good1 and the ,white and ,dun never4 ,a ,scarlet ,head is a demonstration of ,courage1 but a ,pale and wan of ,faintness4 #c4 ,of ,courage true1 which you shall observe by his proud1 stately1 upright landing and walking1 and his frequent ,crowing in his ,pen4 #d4 ,of a sharp and ready ,heel1 which 7in the ,opinion of the best ,cock-masters17 of high ,estimation2 a ,sharp-heel'd ,cock1 tho' somewhat false1 is better 7as dispatching his business soonest7 than a true ,cock with a dull ,heel4 ,for ,breeding1 the ,best season is from the ,moon's encrease in ,february1 to her encrease in ,march4 ,the ,march ,bird is best4 ,and now first get a perfect ,cock1 to a perfect ,hen1 as the best ,breeding1 and see the ,hen be of an excellent ,complexion 7i4e47 rightly plumed1 as black1 brown1 speckt1 grey1 grissel1 or yellowish2 tufted on her ,crown1 large bodied1 well poked1 and having ,weapons1 are ,demonstrations of ,excellency and ,courage4 ,observe further her ,comportment1 if ,friendly to her ,chickens1 and revengeful of ,injuries from other ,hens4 ,when the ,cock and ,hen-,chickens1 7going till now promiscuously one with another7 begin to quarrel and peck each other1 part them and separate their ,walks3 ,and the best for a ,fighting ,cock1 are private and undisturbed ,walks1 as1 ,wind-mills1 ,water-mills1 ,grange-houses1 ,park-lodges1 c4 and their ,feeding-place on soft ,ground1 or ,boards2 and have for his meet1 white ,corn1 or ,white-bread ,tosts1 steept in ,drink1 or ,urine1 is good1 both to ,scower1 and ,cool them4 ,and do not debilitate and debauch his ,courage and ,strength1 by having too many ,hens to walk with2 three ,hens are enough for one ,cock4 ,if before they be six ,months ,old1 any of your ,chickens ,crow clear and loud1 and unseasonable1 then to the ,pot or ,spit with them1 they are ,cowards2 the true ,cock is long ere he gets his ,voice1 and when he has gotten it1 keeps good and judicious ,time in ,crowing4 ,next observe your ,roosting ,perch1 for this makes or marrs a ,cock2 for forming of which1 consult the best ,cock-masters ,feeding pens1 and the ,perches there1 and accordingly proportion your own2 take care that the ,ground underneath the ,perch be soft1 for if it be rough and hard1 in leaping down he will hurt his ,feet1 and make them ,gouty and ,knotty4 ,for the ,dieting1 and ,ordering of your ,cock for ,battle1 observe these ,rules4 ,let your ,cock be full two years ,old1 then in the latter end of ,august1 take up and ,pen him1 7it being now ,cocking-time till the end of ,may7 and see that he be sound1 hard feather'd1 and full summed4 ,the first four days after ,penning1 ,feed him with the ,crumb of ,old ,manchet cut into square bits1 thrice a day1 and with the ,coldest1 and ,sweetest ,spring-water that can be had4 ,and after you think by this time he is throughly purged of his ,corn1 ,worms1 ,gravel1 and other course ,feeding1 take him in the ,morning out of the ,pen1 and let him ,sparr with another ,cock some time to heat and chafe their ,bodies1 break ,fat and ,glut1 and fit them for ,purgation2 first having covered their ,spurs with ,hots of ,leather1 to hinder their ,wounding and drawing ,blood of one another4 ,after they have sufficiently ,sparred1 that they pant again1 take them up1 and remove their ,hots1 and prepare them for a ,sweating ,bout thus3 ,take ,butter1 and ,rosemary1 finely chopt1 and ,white-sugar-candy1 mixt together2 and give them the quantity of a ,wallnut2 which will ,scower1 strengthen1 and prolong ,breath3 ,then having 7purposely7 deep ,straw ,baskets1 fill them half way with ,straw1 put in your ,cock1 and cover him with ,straw to the top2 lay the lid close1 and let him stove till the ,evening4 ,at ,five a ,clock take him out1 and lick his ,head and ,eyes with your ,tongue1 then ,pen him1 and fill his ,trough with ,manchet and hot ,urine4 ,after this1 take a ,gallon of ,wheat1 and ,oatmeal-flower1 and with ,ale1 half a score ,whites of ,eggs1 and ,butter1 work it into a stiff ,past2 bake it into broad ,cakes1 and when four days ,old1 cut it into square ,bits4 ,the ,second day after ,sparring1 bring your ,cock into a ,green-close1 and shew him in your ,arms a ,dung-hill-cock1 then run from him1 and allure him thus to follow1 suffering him now and then to strike the ,dung-hill-,cock1 and so ,chase him up and down for half an ,hour1 till he pants again2 and thus ,heated1 carry him home1 and scour him with half a ,pound of ,fresh-butter1 beaten with the ,leaves of the ,herb of ,grace1 ,hysop1 and ,rosemary1 to the consistence of a ,salve1 and give him the quantity of a ,wallnut2 then ,stove1 and ,feed him as above4 ,and thus for the first ,fortnight1 ,spar or ,chase him every other day4 ,the second ,fortnight1 twice a ,week will be enough to ,chase or ,spar your ,cock3 ,observing that you ,stove and ,scour him1 proportionable to his ,heating4 ,the third and last ,fortnight 7for six ,weeks is long enough7 feed him as before1 but do not ,spar him1 but ,chase him moderately twice1 or thrice1 as before2 then roll his aforesaid scouring in ,brown-sugar-candy1 to prevent his being ,sick2 rest him four days1 and then to the ,pit4 ,now ,gentlemen1 ,match your ,cock carefully1 or what you have hitherto done1 is nothing4 ,and here observe the ,length1 and ,strength of ,cocks4 ,the ,length is thus known3 ,gripe the ,cock by the ,waste1 and make him shoot out his ,legs1 and in this ,posture compare1 ,and have your ,judgment about you4 ,the ,strength is known by this ,maxim1 ,the largest in the ,garth1 is the ,strongest ,cock4 ,the ,dimension of the ,garth is thus known3 ,gripe the ,cock about from the joynts of your ,thumb1 to the ,points of your great ,finger1 and you will find the ,disadvantage1 ,the weak long ,cock is the quickest easier ,riser1 and the short strong one1 the surest ,striker4 ,thus being well ,matcht1 accoutre him for the ,pit4 ,clip his ,main off close to his ,neck1 from his head to his shoulders4 ,clip his ,tail close to his ,rump1 the ,redder it appears the better4 ,his wings sloping1 with sharp ,points2 scrape smooth1 and sharpen his ,spurs2 leave no feathers on his ,crown2 then moisten his head with ,spittle4 ,the ,battle done1 search and suck your ,cocks wounds1 and wash them well with hot ,urine1 then give him a ,roll of your best ,scouring1 and stove him for that ,night4 ,if he be swelled1 the next morning1 suck and bathe his ,wounds again1 and pounce them with the ,powder of the ,herb ,robert1 through a fine ,bag2 give him an handful of ,bread in warm ,urine1 and stove him1 till swelling be down4 ,if he be hurt in his ,eye1 chew a little ground ,ivy1 and ,spit the ,juice in it2 which is good for ,films1 ,haws1 ,warts1 c4 ,or if he hath veined himself in his fight1 by narrow striking1 or other cross blows1 when you have found the hurt1 bind the soft ,down of ,hair to it1 will cure it4 ,when you visit your wounded ,cocks1 a month or two after you have put them to their ,walks1 if you find about their heads any swollen ,bunches1 hard and blackish at one end1 then there are unsound ,cores undoubtedly in them2 therefore open them1 and with your ,thumb crush them out1 suck out the ,corruption1 and fill the holes with fresh ,butter2 and that will infallibly cure them4 ,cures for ,distempers incident to the ,cock or ,chick of the ,game4 ,for ,lice1 being most common1 ,i begin with2 proceeding from corrup ,meat1 and want of ,bathing1 c4 ,take ,pepper beaten to ,powder1 mix it with warm ,water1 and wash them with it4 ,for the ,roup2 a filthy swelling on the ,rump1 and very contagious to the whole body2 the staring and turning back of the ,feathers is its ,symptom4 ,pull away the ,feathers1 open and thrust out the ,core1 and wash the ,sore with ,water and ,salt1 or ,brine4 ,for the ,pip2 visit the mouth1 and examine what hinders your ,cocks1 ,hen1 or ,chicks feeding1 and you'll find a white thin ,scale on the ,tip of the ,tongue1 which pull off with your ,nail1 and rubbing the ,tongue with ,salt1 will cure it4 ,for the ,flux2 proceeding from eating too moist ,meat1 give them ,pease-,bran scalded1 will stop it4 ,for the ,stoppage of the ,belly1 that they cannot mute2 anoint their ,vents1 and give them either small bits of ,bread or ,corn1 steep'd in ,urine of ,man4 ,and now ,i have one ,word of ,advice to him that is a ,lover 7or would be so7 of this ,royal-,sport3 and then have done3 ,come not to the ,pit without ,money in your ,breeches1 and a ,judgment of ,matches2 ,done and ,done is ,cock-,pit ,law1 and if you venture beyond your ,pocket1 you must look well to it1 or you may lose an ,eye by the ,battle4 ,of ,,fowling4 ,the ,ingenious ,fowler1 like a ,politick and sagacious ,warrier1 must first furnish and store himself with those several ,stratagems and ,engines1 as suit with the diversities of ,occasion1 i4e4 ,time1 ,place1 and ,game2 or else he cannot expect the ,conquest4 ,and first of ,nets1 which must be made of the best ,pack-thread2 and for taking great ,fowl1 the ,meshes must be large1 two ,inches at least from point to point1 the larger the better2 7provided the ,fowl creep not through27 two ,fathom deep1 and six in length1 is the best and most manageable ,proportion2 ,verged with strong ,cord on each side1 and extended with long ,poles at each end made on purpose4 ,but for small ,water-fowl1 let your ,nets be of the smallest and strongest ,pack-thread1 the ,meshes so big1 as for the great ,fowl1 about two or three foot deep3 ,line these on both sides with false ,nets1 every ,mesh a foot and half ,square4 ,for the ,day-,net1 it must be made of fine ,pack-thread1 the ,mesh an ,inch square1 three ,fathom long1 and one broad1 and extended on ,poles according to its ,length1 as aforesaid4 ,birdlime is the next1 and thus made4 ,pill the ,bark of ,holly from the ,tree at ,midsummer1 fill a ,vessel1 and put to it running ,water2 boil it over the ,fire till the ,grey and ,white ,bark rise from the ,green2 take it off the ,fire1 drain the ,water well away1 and separate the ,barks2 and take the ,green1 lay it on some moist floor and close place1 and cover it with ,weeds2 let it lye a fortnight1 and in that time it will rot1 and turn to a ,filthy slimy ,substance3 ,then put it into a ,morter1 beat it well2 take it out and wash it at some running stream1 till the ,foulness is gone3 ,then put it in a close ,earthen pot2 let it stand ,four or ,five days1 look to its ,purging1 and scum it3 ,when clean1 put it into another ,earthen ,pot1 and keep it close for ,use4 ,your ,setting-,dog must be ,elected and ,train'd thus3 ,he must be of exquisite ,scent1 and love naturally to hunt ,feathers4 ,the land ,spaniel is best1 being of good nimble size1 and ,couragious mettle1 which you may know by his ,breed2 being of a good ,ranger1 c4 ,the first lesson is1 to make him ,crouch and lie down close to the ground2 its done by frequent laying him on the ground and crying ,lye close2 upon his doing well reward him with ,bread2 and on the contrary chastise him with ,words1 not ,blows4 ,next1 ,to creep to you with his ,body and ,head close upon the ,ground by saying1 ,come nearer1 ,come nearer1 or the like ,words2 to understand and do it1 entice him with shewing him ,bread1 or the like3 ,thrusting down any rising part of his ,body or ,head1 and roughly threatning him2 if he slight that1 a good ,jerk or two with a slash of ,whip-cord will reclaim his ,obstinacy4 ,repeat his ,lessons1 and encourage his well doing4 ,and this you may exercise in the ,fields as you walk1 calling him from his busie ,ranging to his ,duty4 ,and then teach him to follow you close at the heels in a ,line or string1 without straining4 ,by this time he is a ,year old1 now 7the season fit7 into the ,field1 and let him range1 obediently4 ,if he wantonly babble or causelesly open1 correct him by biting soundly the ,roots of his ,ears1 or ,lashing4 ,assoon as you find he approaches the ,haunt of the ,partridge1 known by his ,whining1 and willing1 but not daring1 to open1 speak and bid him1 ,take heed3 ,if notwithstanding this he rush in and ,spring the ,partridge1 or opens1 and so they escape1 correct him severely4 ,then cast him off to another ,haunt of a ,covy1 and if he mends his ,error1 and you take any by drawing your ,net over them swiftly1 reward him with the ,heads1 ,necks1 and ,pinions4 ,as for the ,water-,dog1 the instructions above for the ,setter will serve2 only to fetch and bring by losing a ,glove1 or the like2 keep a ,strict ,subjection in him1 and ,observance to your ,commands4 ,the longest ,barrel is the best ,fowling ,piece1 ,five and half1 or six foot long1 with an indifferent ,bore1 under an ,harquebuse2 and shooting with the ,wind1 and side-ways1 or behind the ,fowl1 not in their ,faces1 is to be observed2 having your ,dog in ,command not to stir till you have shot4 ,a ,stalking-,horse for shelter1 to avoid being seen by the shie ,fowl1 is an old ,jade trained on purpose2 but this being rare and troublesome1 have recourse to ,art1 to take ,canvas stuft and painted in the shape of a ,horse grazing1 and so light that you-may carry him on one hand 7not too big37 ,others do make them in the shape of ,ox1 ,cow1 for ,variety2 and ,stag1 ,trees1 c4 ,the great ,fowl1 or those who divide the ,foot1 reside by shallow ,rivers sides1 ,brooks and ,plashes of ,water2 and in low and boggy places1 and sedgie1 ,marish1 rotten ,grounds4 ,they also delight in the dry parts of drowned ,fens1 overgrown with long ,reeds1 ,rushes and ,sedges2 as likewise in half ,fens drowned ,moors1 hollow ,vales or ,downs1 ,heaths1 c4 ,where obscurely they may lurk under the ,shelter of ,hedges1 ,hills1 ,bushes1 c4 ,the lesser1 or ,web footed1 ,fowl1 always haunt drowned ,fens1 as likewise the main streams of ,rivers not subject to ,freeze1 the deeper and broader1 the better2 7tho' of these the ,wild-,goose and ,barnacle1 if they cannot sound the depth1 and reach the ,ouze1 change their ,residence for shallow places1 and delight in ,green ,winter ,corn1 especially if the ,lands ends have ,water about them37 ,small ,fowl also frequent hugely little ,brooks1 ,ponds1 drowned ,meadows1 ,pastures1 ,moors1 ,plashes1 ,meres1 ,loughs1 and ,lakes1 stored with unfrequented ,islands1 ,shrubs1 c4 ,how to take all manner of ,fowl or ,birds4 ,for taking the first 7,i mean the greater ,fowl7 with ,nets1 observe in general this3 ,come two hours before their feeding hours1 ,morning and ,evening2 and ,spreading your ,net on the ,ground smooth and flat1 stake the two lower ends firm1 and let the upper ends be extended on the long ,cord2 of which the further end must be fastned to the ,ground1 three ,fathoms from the ,net1 the ,stake in a direct ,line with the lower ,verge of the ,net2 the other1 ten or twelve fathom long1 have in your hand at the aforsaid distance1 and get some shelter of ,art or ,nature1 to keep you from the curious and shy ,eye of the ,game2 having your ,net so ready that the least pull may do your work1 strew'd over with ,grass as it lies to hide it3 ,a live ,hern1 or some other ,fowl lately taken1 according to what you seek for1 will be very requisite for a ,stale4 ,and you will have sport from the ,dawning1 till the ,sun is about an hour high2 but no longer2 and from ,sun-set till ,twilight2 these being their feeding times4 ,for the small 7,water7 ,fowl4 ,observe the ,evening is best before ,sun-set4 ,stake down your ,nets on each side the ,river half a foot within the ,water1 the lower part so plumb'd as to sink no further2 the upper ,slantwise shoaling against1 but not touching by two foot1 the water1 and the ,strings which bear up this upper side fastned to small yielding sticks prickt in the ,bank1 that as the ,fowl strike may ply to the ,nets to intangle them4 ,and thus lay your ,nets 7as many as you please7 about twelve score one from another1 as the ,river or ,brook will afford4 ,and doubt not your success4 ,to expedite it however1 a ,gun ,fired three or four times in the ,fens and ,plashes1 a good distance from your ,nets1 will affright and ,post them to your ,snares2 and so do at the ,rivers1 when you lay in the ,fens4 ,winter time is the most proper for taking all manner of ,small ,birds1 as flocking then promiscuosly together1 ,larks1 ,lennets1 ,chaffinches1 ,goldfinches1 ,yellow-,hammers1 c4 with this ,bird-lime1 ,put to a quarter of a ,pound of ,bird-lime1 an ounce of fresh ,lard1 or ,capons-grease1 and let it gently melt together over the ,fire1 but not ,boyl2 then take a quantity of ,wheat-ears1 as you think your use shall require1 and cut the straw about a foot long besides the ,ears1 and from the ,ear lime the straw six ,inches2 the warmer it is1 the less discernible it will be4 ,then to the ,field adjacent1 carrying a bag of ,chaff1 and thresh'd ,ears1 scatter them twenty ,yards wide1 and stick the lim'd ears 7declining downwards7 here1 and there2 ,then traverse the ,fields1 disturb their ,haunts1 and they will repair to your ,snare1 and pecking at the ,ears1 finding they stick to them1 mount2 and the ,lim'd straws1 lapping under their ,wings1 dead their flight1 they cannot be disengaged1 but fall and be taken they must4 ,do not go near them1 till they rise of their own accord1 and let not five or six entangled lead you to ,spoil your ,game1 and incur the loss of ,five or ,six dozen4 ,lime-,twigs1 is another ,expedient for taking of great ,fowl1 being ,rods that are long1 small1 strait1 and pliable1 the upper part apt to play to and fro2 being besmeared with ,bird-lime warm4 ,thus to be used1 ,observe the ,haunts of the ,fowl1 have a ,stale1 7a living ,fowl of the same kind you would take7 and cross pricking your ,rods1 one into1 and another against the ,wind sloping1 a foot distant one from the other2 pin down your ,stale1 some distance from them1 tying some small string to him1 to pull and make him flutter to allure the ,fowl down4 ,if any be caught1 do not run presently upon them1 their fluttering will encrease your ,game4 ,a well taught ,spaniel is not amiss to retake those that are entangled1 and yet flutter away4 ,thus likewise for the ,water2 consult the ,rivers depth1 and let your ,rods be proportionable2 what is ,lim'd of them being above the ,water1 and a ,mallard1 c4 as a ,stale placed here and there1 as aforesaid4 ,you need not wait on them1 but three times a day visit them1 and see your ,game2 if you miss any ,rods 7therefore know their ,number7 some ,fowl entangled is got away with it1 into some ,hole1 c4 and here your ,spaniel will be serviceable to find him4 ,for ,small-birds1 a ,lime-bush is best2 thus1 ,cut down a great ,bough of a ,birch1 or ,willow-tree1 trim it clean1 and ,lime it handsomely1 within four ,fingers of the bottom3 ,place this ,bush so ordered1 in some quick-set1 or dead ,hedge1 in ,spring time3 ,in ,harvest1 or ,summer1 in ,groves1 ,bushes1 ,hedges1 ,fruit-trees1 ,flax1 and ,hemp-,lands3 ,in ,winter1 about ,houses1 ,hovells1 ,barns1 ,stacks1 c4 ,a ,bird-call is here also necessary1 or your own industrious skill in the ,notes of several ,birds4 ,and because ,gentlemen who have ,fish-ponds1 wonder they lose so many ,fish1 and are apt to ,censure sometimes undeservedly their ,neighbours1 when it is the insatiable ,hern1 that is the true cause3 ,i shall next lay down the best and most approved way of taking the great ,fish-devouring ,hern1 whose ,haunt having found1 observe this ,method to take him4 ,get three or four small ,roaches1 or ,dace1 take a strong ,hook1 7not too rank7 with ,wyre to it1 and draw the ,wyre just within the skin1 from the side of the ,gills1 to the ,tail of the said ,fish1 and he will live four or five days1 7,if dead the ,hern will not touch it47 ,then have a strong ,line1 of a dark ,green-silk1 twisted with ,wyre1 about three ,yards long1 tie a round stone of a pound to it1 and lay three or four such hooks1 but not too deep in the ,water1 out of the ,herns wading2 and two or three ,nights will answer your ,expectation4 ,the several wayes of taking ,pheasants4 ,you must learn and understand the several ,notes of a ,natural ,pheasant-,call1 and how usefully to apply them4 ,in the ,morning just before or at ,sun-rising1 call them to feed1 and so at ,sun-setting3 ,in the ,fornoon1 and ,afternoon1 your ,note must be to ,cluck them together to ,brood1 or to chide them for straggling1 or to notify some danger at hand4 ,thus skilled in their ,notes2 and by the ,darkness1 ,solitaryness1 and strong undergrowth of the place assured of their ,haunts1 closely lodge yourself1 and softly at first call2 lest being near you1 a loud ,note affright them2 and no ,reply made1 raise your ,note gradually1 to the highest2 and if there be a ,pheasant in hearing1 he will answer you1 in as loud a ,note4 ,be sure it be ,tunable4 ,as soon as you are answered1 creep nearer to it2 if far off1 and a single ,fowl1 as you call1 and approach1 so will the ,pheasant4 ,having gotten sight of her1 on the ,ground1 or ,perch1 cease calling1 and with all silence possible1 spread your ,net conveniently1 between the ,pheasant1 and you1 one end of the ,net fastned to the ,ground1 and the other end1 hold by a long ,line in your hand1 by which you may pull it together1 if strained2 then call again1 and as you see the ,pheasant come under your ,net1 rise and shew your self1 and affrighting her1 she will mount1 and so is taken4 ,thus if on the contrary you have divers ,answers1 from several ,corners1 of the ,coppice1 and you keep your place and not stir1 they will come to your ,call2 and then having a pair of ,nets1 spread one on each side1 and do as before4 ,your ,nets1 must be made of ,green or ,black double-twin'd ,thread1 the ,mesh about an inch square1 between ,knot1 and ,knot1 the whole ,net about three ,fathom long1 and ,seven foot broad1 verged with strong small ,cord on each side and ends1 to lye hollow and compass-wise4 ,the next way of taking ,pheasant-,powts1 is by ,driving1 thus4 ,having found the ,haunt of an ,eye of ,pheasants1 known by the ,barrenness of the ,place1 ,mutings and loose ,feathers1 then in the little ,pads and ,wayes1 like ,sheep tracks1 they have made1 place your ,nets 7taking the ,wind with you7 a-cross these ,paths hollow1 loose and circularly1 the nether part fixt to the ,ground1 and the upper side hollow1 c4 as aforesaid3 ,then to their ,haunt1 and there call them together1 if feattered2 then with a ,driver1 an ,instrument like that of ,cloath-dressers1 rake gently the ,bushes and ,boughs about you1 the ,powts will run1 and stop and listen2 then give another rake1 and so you will drive them like sheep into your ,nets3 ,observe in this ,secrecy1 ,time and ,leisure1 or you spoil your ,sport2 ,secrecy in concealing your self from being seen by them2 and ,time and ,leisure1 by not being too hasty4 ,lastly for taking ,pheasants with the ,lime-,bush1 or ,rods1 order these1 as ,i have before prescribed2 your ,rods about twelve inches long1 and your ,bush containing not above eight ,twigs1 with a pretty long ,handle1 sharpned to stick in the ,ground1 or ,bushes1 ,shrubs1 c4 and let it be planted as near the ,pheasants pearching ,branch1 as may be4 ,place your ,rods on the ,ground1 near the ,bush2 for when some are taken below by they ,rods1 they will scare up the others to get on the ,bushes to seek what's become of their ,fellows1 and there become your ,prey themselves4 ,for taking ,partridge4 ,you must first find the ,partridges ,haunt4 ,which is mostly in standing ,corn-,fields1 where they breed2 as likewise in ,stubble after the ,corn is cut1 especially ,wheat-stubble till it is trodden1 and then they repair to ,barley-stubble1 if fresh2 and the ,furrows amongst the ,clots1 ,brambles and long ,grass1 are sometimes their lurking places1 for ,twenty and upward in a ,covy4 ,in the ,winter in up-land ,meadows1 in the dead ,grass or ,fog under ,hedges1 among ,mole-hills2 or under the ,roots of ,trees1 c4 ,various and uncertain are their ,haunts4 ,and tho' some by the ,eye1 by distinguishing their ,colour from the ,ground1 others by the ,ear1 by hearing the ,cock call earnestly the ,hen1 and the ,hens answering1 and chattering with ,joy at meeting1 do find ,partridge2 yet the best1 easiest and safest way of finding them is 7as you do the ,pheasant7 by the ,call or ,pipe3 ,notes seasonable1 as before prescribed1 and they will come near to you1 and you may count their ,numbers2 and to your sport4 ,surround your ,covy1 prepare your ,nets1 and pricking a stick fast in the ground1 tye the one end to it1 and let your ,nets fall as you walk briskly round without stopping1 and cover the ,partridge2 then rush in upon them to frighten them1 and as they rise they are taken4 ,for taking them with ,bird-,lime1 thus3 ,call first near the ,haunt2 if answered1 stick about your ,lime-straws1 a-cross in ranks at some distance from you2 then call again1 and as they approach you1 they are intercepted by the ,straws2 and so your ,prey4 ,this way is used most successfully in ,stubble-fields1 from ,august to ,september3 ,and ,rods in ,woods1 ,pastures1 c4 as for the ,pheasant4 ,the most pleasant way of taking ,partridge is with a ,setting-,dog1 who having set them1 use your ,net2 and by these ,rules and ,method1 the ,rails1 ,quales1 ,moorpoots1 c4 are to be taken2 and are for ,hawks flight too4 ,and here ,i must make an end of the most material part of ,fowling4 ,of ,,fishing4 ,it has been the ,method of this whole ,treatise1 to divide the several distinct ,heads of each ,recreation into three ,parts1 to render the ,observations and ,rules the more plain and easy1 for the prosecuting the ,recreation we treat of4 #a4 ,what it is we pursue4 #b4 ,where and ,when to find that we would delight our selves in4 #c4 ,with what proper ,mediums or ,measures we may obtain the desired ,effects of our endeavours therein4 ,first then1 ,what we pursue is ,fish1 distinguish'd according to their sundry kinds by these following ,names4 ,the ,barbel1 ,bream1 ,bleak1 ,bulhead1 or ,millers-thumb2 ,chevin1 ,char1 ,chub1 ,carp2 ,dace2 ,dare2 ,ele2 ,flounder2 ,grayling1 ,gudgeon1 ,guiniad2 ,loach2 ,minnow2 ,pope or ,pike1 ,pearch2 ,rud1 ,roach2 ,sticklebag or ,bansticle1 ,salmon1 ,shad1 ,suant2 ,tench1 ,torcoth1 ,trout1 ,thwait1 and ,umber4 ,all these ,alphabetically thus named are the different sorts of ,fish1 in taking which the ,angler commonly exercises his ,art4 ,we come next1 ,where to find them4 #a4 ,to know the ,haunts and ,resorts of ,fish1 in which they are to be usually found1 is the most ,material thing the ,angler ought to be instructed in1 lest he vainly prepare how to take them1 and preposterously seek where to find that he prepar'd for4 ,to prevent which you are first to understand1 ,that as the season of the ,year is1 so ,fish change their places3 ,in ,summer1 some keep near the top1 others the bottom of the ,waters4 ,in ,winter1 all ,fish in general resort to deep ,waters4 ,but more particularly1 ,the ,barbel1 ,roach1 ,dace1 and ,ruff1 covet most ,sandy1 ,gravelly ,ground1 the deepest part of the ,river1 and the shadows of ,trees4 ,bream1 ,pike1 and ,chub delight in a ,clay1 and ,owzie ,ground3 ,the ,bream chooseth the middle of the ,river1 in a gentle1 not too rapid ,stream3 ,the ,pike preferreth still ,waters1 full of ,fry1 and absconding himself amongst ,bull-rushes1 ,water-docks1 or under ,bushes1 that under these shelters he may more securely surprize and seize his ,prey3 ,the ,chub too chooses the same ,ground1 large ,rivers and ,streams1 and is rarely destitute of some ,tree to cover and shade him4 ,carp1 ,tench and ,eel1 frequent foul muddy still ,waters4 ,the greatest ,eels lurk under stones1 or ,roots2 the smallest ones are found in all sorts of ,rivers or ,soils3 ,the ,carp is for the deepest stillest part of ,pond or ,river1 and so is the ,tench1 and both delight in green ,weeds4 ,pearch delighteth in gentle ,streams of a reasonable ,depth1 not too shallow2 close by a hollow ,bank is their common ,sanctuary4 ,gudgeon covets ,sandy1 ,gravelly1 ,gentle ,streams1 and smaller ,rivers2 not so much abounding in ,brooks4 ,he bites best in ,spring1 till they spawn1 and a little after till ,wasp time4 ,the ,salmon delights in large swift ,rivers1 which ebb and flow2 and are there plentifully to be found3 ,as likewise ,rocky and ,weedy ,rivers4 ,but in the latter end of the ,year he is to be found high up in the ,country1 in swift and violent ,cataracts1 coming thither to spawn4 ,the ,trout loves small swift purling ,brooks or ,rivers1 that run upon ,stones or ,gravel1 and in the swiftest deepest part of them1 getteth behind some ,stone-block and there feeds4 ,he delights in a ,point of a ,river where the ,water comes ,whirling like the ,eddy1 to catch what the ,stream brings down1 especially if he has the shade of a ,tree3 ,he hugely delights to lurk under some hollow ,bank or ,stone2 seldom among ,weeds4 ,shad1 ,thwait1 ,plaice1 ,peel1 ,mullet1 ,suant1 and ,flownder1 covet chiefly to be in or near the ,salt or ,brackish ,waters1 which ebb and flow3 ,the last1 viz4 the ,flownder1 have been taken in fresh ,rivers1 as coveting ,sand and ,gravel1 deep gentle streams1 near ,banks1 c4 ,lastly the ,umber affects ,marly ,clay ,ground1 clear and swift ,streams1 far from the ,sea2 the greatest ,plenty of these ,fish is found in ,darbyshire and ,staffordshire4 ,thus much for the ,haunts of ,fish2 ,i come next to know ,when is the most seasonable time to catch them2 which before ,i speak to1 let him that would become a compleat ,angler1 take this ,rule4 ,that he observe narrowly what ,pond or ,river soever he ,fisheth in1 whether it be slimy1 muddy1 stony or gravelly1 whether of a swift or slow ,motion2 as likewise that he know the ,nature of each ,fish1 and what ,baits are most proper for every kind3 ,not to let his ,knowledge be circumscribed to one or two particular ,rivers1 whither he is invited to ,angle and take his ,observations by the ,vicinity of his ,house2 but to let his ,knowledge be general1 and consequently his ,sport will be so too4 ,his ,ignorance otherwise will oblige him to be a ,spectator in another ,river1 when his ,excellency is confined to that only experienced one in or near his own ,parish or ,house4 ,but to proceed1 ,,ii4 ,to understand the best ,time when to ,angle in1 ,we must first consider ,affirmatively1 when most ,seasonable3 ,or1 #b4 ,negatively1 when ,unseasonable4 #a4 ,seasonable ,angling is1 when the ,weather is calm1 serene and clear2 tho' the ,cool cloudy ,weather in ,summer is to be preferred1 provided the ,wind blow not too boistrously1 to hinder your easy ,guiding your ,tools2 ,in the hottest ,months the cooler the better4 #b4 ,when a ,violent shower hath disturbed the ,water and mudded it1 then with a ,red ,worm1 ,angle in the ,stream at the ,ground4 #c4 ,a little before ,fish spawn1 when they repair to gravelly ,fords to rub and loosen their full ,bellies2 they bite freely4 #d4 ,from ,sun-rising till eight of the ,clock in the ,morning1 and from four in the ,afternoon till night for ,carp and ,tench4 ,in ,june and ,july1 ,carps shew themselves on the very rim of the ,water1 then ,fish with a ,lob-worm1 as you would with a ,natural ,fly4 ,but be sure to keep out of sight4 #e4 ,in ,march1 ,april1 and ,september1 and all ,winter1 when the ,air is clear1 serene and warm4 ,and after a shower of ,rain1 which hath only beaten the ,gnats1 and ,flies into the ,river1 without muddying4 ,the two first mentioned ,months with ,may1 and part of ,june1 are most proper for the ,fly2 ,nine in the ,morning1 and ,three a ,clock in the ,afternoon1 is the best time2 as likewise1 when the ,gnats play much in a warm ,evening4 #f4 ,in a ,cloudy1 and ,windy day1 after a ,moonshine clear ,night1 for the brightness of the ,night 7through fear7 making them abstain from feeding1 and the ,gloominess of the ,day emboldening and rendering them 7through ,hunger7 sharp1 and eager upon food1 they bite then freely4 #g4 ,lastly1 at the opening of ,milldams or ,sluces1 you will find ,trouts1 c4 come forth seeking food1 brought down by the ,water4 ,we come next to demonstrate the time not proper1 i4e4 #b4 ,unseasonable ,angling1 in short is1 when the ,earth is parched1 and scorched with ,vehement ,heat1 and ,drought2 benummed and frozen with ,cold1 ,frost1 and ,snow2 or refrigerated with ,spring ,hoar-,frosts2 or blasted with the sharp1 bitter1 nipping1 ,north1 or ,east ,winds3 ,or when blustring ,boreas disorders your well guiding your ,tackling2 or the ,sheep-shearers ,washings glutted the ,fish1 and anticipated your ,bait2 when the withdrawing of your ,sport1 foretells a ,storm1 and advises you to some shelter2 or ,lastly1 when the night proves ,dark1 and ,cloudy1 you need not trouble your self the next day1 'tis to no purpose1 c4 ,,iii4 ,for providing ,stocks1 the best time is the ,winter ,solstice1 when the ,sap is in the ,roots of ,trees1 and their ,leaves gone4 ,it is improper after ,january1 the ,sap then ascending into the ,trunk1 and expending it self over all the ,branches4 ,see that your ,stocks be ,taper-grown1 and your ,tops of the best ,ground-,hazle1 that can be had1 smooth1 slender1 and strait1 of an ,ell long1 pliant and bendings and yet of a strength1 that a reasonable jerk cannot break it1 but it will return to its first straightness2 left otherwise you endanger your ,line4 ,keep them two full years1 before you use them2 having preserved them from ,worm-eating1 or ,rotting1 by thrice a year rubbing1 and chaffing them well with ,butter 7if sweet7 or ,linsed or ,sallet-,oyl2 and if ,bored1 ,oyl poured into the ,holes1 and bathed four and twenty hours in it1 and then thrown out again1 will exceedingly preserve them4 ,the line1 to make it neat1 handsom and strong1 twist the ,hair you make it of even1 having seen if the ,hair be of an equal bigness2 then steep your ,line in ,water1 to see if the ,hairs shrink1 if so1 you must twist them over again4 ,the ,colour of the ,hair is best of ,sorrel1 ,white and ,grey2 ,sorrel for muddy boggy ,rivers1 and the two last for clear ,waters4 ,nor is the ,pale watery green contemptible1 died thus3 ,take a pint of strong ,ale1 half a pound of ,soot1 a little of the ,juice of ,walnut-,leaves and ,allum2 ,boil these together in a ,pipkin half an hour1 take it off1 and when 'tis cold1 put in your ,hair4 ,in making your ,line of ,hair mix not ,silk2 but either all ,hair1 or all ,silk2 as likewise distinguish the ,line for the ,ground ,angle1 and that for the ,fly-rod1 the last must be stronger than the first2 in that for the ,artificial ,fly1 making the uppermost ,link twenty ,hairs long1 less in the next1 and so less till you come to the ,fly4 ,lastly at each end of your ,line make a ,loop 7called a ,bout7 the one larger1 to fasten to1 and take it from the top of your ,rod1 and the other ,lesser to hang your ,hook-line on4 ,your ,hook must be long in the shank1 something ,round in compass1 the point strait and even1 and bending in the shank4 ,set on your ,hook with strong small ,silk1 laying your ,hair on the inside of the ,hook4 ,your ,flote challenges divers ways of making4 ,some using ,muscovy ,duck quills for still ,waters4 ,others the best sound ,cork without flaws or holes1 bored through with a hot ,iron1 and a ,quill of a fit proportion put into it2 then pared into a pyramidal ,form1 or in the fashion of a small ,pear1 to what bigness you please1 and ground smooth with ,grindstone or ,pumice2 this is best for strong ,streams4 ,in fine1 ,to plum the ,ground1 get a ,carbine ,bullet bored through1 and in a strong twist hanged on your ,hook or ,rod4 ,to sharpen your ,hook1 carry a little ,whetstone4 ,to carry your several utensils without incommoding your ,tackle1 have several ,partitions of ,parchment4 ,and in short the ingenious ,angler will not be unprovided of his ,bob and ,palmer2 his ,boxes of all sizes for his ,hooks1 ,corks1 ,silk1 ,thread1 ,flies1 ,lead1 c4 ,his ,linning and ,woollen ,bait-bags2 ,his splinted ,osier light ,pannier2 and lastly his ,landen ,hook1 with a ,screw at the end to screw it into the socket of a ,pole1 and stricken into the ,fish1 to draw it to ,land3 ,to which socket1 a ,hook to cut up the ,weeds1 and another to pull out ,wood1 may be fastned4 ,baits are branched into three ,kinds4 ,first1 the ,life-baits1 which are all kind of ,worms1 ,redworm1 ,maggot1 ,dors1 ,frogs1 ,bobb1 ,brown-flies1 ,grasshoppers1 ,hornets1 ,wasps1 ,bees1 ,snails1 small ,roaches1 ,bleak1 ,gudgeon1 or ,loaches4 ,secondly1 ,artificial living ,baits1 of ,flies of all sorts and shapes1 made about your ,hooks with ,silk and ,feathers1 at all times seasonable1 especially in blustering ,weather4 ,lastly1 dead ,baits1 ,pasts of all makings1 ,wasps dryed or undryed1 clotted ,sheeps-blood1 ,cheese1 ,bramble-berries1 ,corn1 ,seed1 ,cherries1 c4 ,the two first good in ,may1 ,june and ,july1 the two next1 in ,april2 and the last in the ,fall of the ,leaf4 ,of ,flies4 ,of ,natural flies there are innumerable1 and therefore it cannot be expected ,i can particularize all2 but some of their names ,i shall nominate1 viz4 ,the ,dun-,fly1 ,red-fly1 ,may-,fly2 ,tawny-,fly1 ,moor-,fly1 ,shell-,fly1 ,flag-,fly1 ,vine-,fly1 ,cloudy or ,blackish-,fly1 ,canker-,flies1 ,bear-,flies1 ,caterpillars1 and thousands more1 differing according to the ,soils1 ,rivers or ,plants4 ,artificial ,flies1 are made by the ,ingenious ,angler1 according to ,art1 in shape1 colour and proportion like the ,natural ,fly1 of ,fur1 ,wool1 ,silk1 ,feathers1 c4 ,to delineate which ,i must confess my self not so accurate and skilful a ,painter1 nor can any ,pen-drawing1 illustrate their ,various ,colours so1 as to direct their ,artificial ,counterfeit2 ,nature will help him in this by ,observation1 curiously ,flourishing their several ,orient and bright ,colours1 after which they take their names1 as before said3 ,and therefore to furnish your self with both ,natural and ,artificial ,flies1 repair in the ,morning to the ,river1 and with a ,rod beat the ,bushes that hang over the ,water1 and take your ,choice4 #a4 ,observe to ,angle with the ,artificial ,fly in ,rivers disturbed somewhat by ,rain1 or in a ,cloudy day1 the ,wind blowing gently3 ,if the ,wind be not so high1 but you may well guide your ,tackle1 in plain ,deeps is to be found the best ,fish1 and best ,sport3 ,if small ,wind breeze1 in swift streams is best ,angling3 ,be sure to keep your ,fly in perpetual slow ,motion2 and observe that the ,weather suit the ,colour of your ,fly1 as the light ,colour'd in a ,clear day1 the ,darkish in a dark1 c4 ,as likewise according to the ,waters ,complexions1 have your ,fly suitable4 #b4 ,let your ,line be twice as long as your ,rod3 ,keep as far as you can from the ,waterside1 the ,sun on your back2 ,in casting your ,fly1 let that fall first2 your ,line not touching the ,water4 #c4 ,have a nimble ,eye1 and active quick ,hand to strike presently upon the rising of the ,fish1 lest finding his mistake he spew out the ,hook4 #d4 ,in slow ,rivers cast your ,fly cross them1 let it sink a little1 draw it back gently1 without breaking or circling the ,water2 let the ,fly float with the ,current1 and you will not fail of excellent ,sport4 #e4 ,observe to let the ,wings of your ,salmon-,flies to be one behind another1 whether two or four1 and they and the ,tail long1 and of the finest gaudiest ,colours you can choose4 ,lastly1 ,in clear ,rivers a small ,fly with slender ,wings is best1 and in muddied ,rivers a ,fly of a more than ordinary large ,body4 ,thus much for ,flies1 ,i come next to that ,i called ,dead-,baits1 and shall begin with the several ,ways of making ,pastes4 ,of ,pastes4 #a4 ,beat in a ,mortar the ,leg of a ,young ,coney 7,vulgarly called the ,almond7 or of a ,whelp or ,catling1 and a quantity of ,virgins ,wax and ,sheeps suet1 till they are incorporated1 and temper them with clarified ,honey into ,paste4 #b4 ,sheeps-,blood1 ,cheese1 fine ,manchet and clarified ,honey tempered as before4 #c4 ,sheeps-,kidney-suit1 ,cheese1 fine ,flower1 with clarified ,honey tempered4 #d4 ,cherries1 ,sheeps-,blood1 ,saffron and fine ,manchet made into a ,paste4 #e4 ,beat into a ,paste2 the fattest ,old ,cheese1 the strongest ,rennet can be got1 fine ,wheat-flower and ,annis-seed ,water3 ,if for a ,chub you make the ,paste1 put a little rasty ,bacon1 ,lastly1 ,mutton-,kidney-suit1 and ,turmerick reduced to a fine ,powder1 the fattest ,old ,cheese and strongest ,rennet1 wrought to a ,paste1 adding ,turmerick till the ,paste be of a curious ,yellow2 and is excellent for ,chevin4 ,anoint your ,bait with this ,confection3 ,take the ,oyl of ,aspray1 ,coculus ,india1 and ,assa-foetida beaten1 and mix with it as much ,life-,honey2 then dissolve them in the ,oyl of ,polypody1 and keep it in a close ,glass for your use4 ,and that your ,paste may not wash off your ,hook1 beat ,cotten-,wool or ,flax into it4 ,of keeping ,baits4 ,the ,red-,worm1 must be kept in a bag of ,red ,cloth1 with a handful of chopt ,fennel1 mixt with half so much fresh1 black and fertile ,mould will scoure and preserve them3 ,all other ,worms1 with the ,leaves of ,trees they are bred on1 renewing them often in a day4 ,only the ,cad-bait1 ,bob and ,canker1 c4 must be kept in the same things you find them4 ,the great ,white ,maggots1 keep them in ,sheeps ,tallow1 or little bits of a beasts ,liver2 and to scour them1 hang them warm in a bag of ,blanketing with ,sand4 ,the ,frogs and ,grasshoppers1 in wet ,moss and long ,grass1 frequently moistned2 and when used1 the ,legs of the first1 and the ,wings of the other must be cut close off4 ,the ,flies1 use them as you take them4 ,only1 the ,wasps1 ,hornets and ,humble-,bee1 must be dryed in an ,oven1 their heads dipt in ,sheeps blood1 and dryed again1 may be kept in a ,box for use4 ,and now thus equipt let us walk to the ,rivers side4 ,to begin then with the ,barbel4 ,the best time for ,angling for this ,fish is at the latter end of ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 and beginning of ,august1 in his ,haunts aforementioned2 and the best ,bait 7omitting others7 is the well scoured ,lob-worm 7being of a curious cleanly ,palate as well as shape7 or ,cheese steept an hour or two in clarified ,honey4 ,he is a subtile ,fish1 extraordinary strong1 and dogged to be dealt with1 and therefore be sure to have your ,rod and ,line strong and long1 or you may endanger to break it4 ,for the ,breame4 ,the most seasonable time to ,angle is from ,st4 ,james tide till ,bartholomew tide4 ,he spawneth in ,june or beginning of ,july2 is easily taken1 as falling on his side after one or two gentle turns1 and so drawn easily to ,land4 ,the best ,bait for him 7most delightful to him7 is the ,red-,worm 7found in ,commons and ,chalky ,grounds after ,rain7 at the root of a great ,dock1 wrapt up in a round ,clue4 ,he loves also ,paste1 ,flag-,worms1 ,wasps1 ,green-,flies1 ,butter-,flies and a ,grass-hopper1 without ,legs4 ,bait your ,ground the ,night before with gross-ground ,malt1 boiled and strained1 and then in the morning with the ,red-,worm1 bait your ,hook1 and plumbing your ,ground within half an ,inch1 ,fish4 ,the ,bleak1 an eager ,fish1 is caught with all sorts of ,worms bred on ,trees or ,herbs1 also with ,flies1 ,cad-bait1 ,bobs1 ,paste1 ,sheeps-,blood1 ,white ,snails1 ,wasps1 ,gnats1 c4 ,in a warm clear day the small ,fly at the rim of the ,water is best2 in a ,cloudy day1 ,gentles or ,cad-baits two foot in the ,water4 ,the ,bull-head or ,millers-,thumb1 being ,childrens recreation1 ,i shall speak little of them1 only being serviceable for ,baits1 ,i shall only say he is easily taken with a small ,worm1 being lazy and simple1 and will swallow any thing2 and the ,minnow1 ,loach1 and ,bansticle being of the same diet1 ,i place here too4 ,the ,chevin1 loveth all sorts of ,worms1 ,flies1 ,cheese1 ,grain1 and ,black ,worms1 their ,bellies being slit1 that the ,white may be seen3 ,and very much delighteth in the ,pith of an ,oxes back1 the tough outward skin being carefully taken off1 without breaking the inward tender skin4 ,in the ,morning early angle for ,chevins1 with a ,snail2 in the heat of the day1 with some other ,bait2 in the afternoon with the ,fly2 the great ,moth1 with a great ,head1 yellow ,body1 and whitish ,wings1 usually found in ,gardens1 about the ,evening3 ,the larger the ,chevin1 the sooner taken2 loving his ,bait larger1 and variety on a ,hook4 ,the ,char is a ,lancashire ,fish1 found in a ,mere1 called ,winander-,mere in that ,country1 the largest in ,england4 ,for the ,chub1 called by some a ,chevin1 by others a ,villain4 ,bait your ,hook with a ,grass-hopper1 find the hole where he lies1 accompanied in a hot-day1 with twenty or more1 floating almost on the very superficies of the ,water2 choose which you think best1 and fairest1 and drop your ,hook some two foot before him1 and he will bite at it greedily1 and cannot break hold with his ,leather ,mouth2 let him play and tire1 lest you break your ,line4 ,if you cannot get a ,grass-hopper1 then any ,worm1 or ,fly you will4 ,in cold ,weather1 ,fish for him near the bottom1 and the ,humble-,bee is the best ,bait4 ,some appropriate ,baits according to the ,month1 but ,i shall ,omit that2 ,the ,chub 7being best and in his ,prime in the ,winter7 a ,paste made of ,cheese1 and ,turpentine1 is the only ,bait to take him4 ,the ,carp is subtle1 and full of ,policy1 will never bite in ,cold ,weather1 but in ,hot you cannot be too ,early1 or too ,late4 ,in ,march1 he seldom refuseth the ,red-worm1 in ,june the ,cad bait and the three next ,months the ,grass-hopper3 ,pastes that are sweet1 of which ,i have spoken before1 are very delightful to ,carps3 ,and especially1 if you ,bait your ground two or three dayes before you angle1 with ,pellets of course ,paste1 ,chickens-guts1 ,garbage1 c4 ,gentles anointed1 and a ,piece of ,scarlet dipt in ,honey1 put them on the ,hook1 is an approved way4 ,the ,dace1 ,dare1 ,rudd1 and ,roach1 being much of a kind1 and feeding1 ,i shall put together1 and are easily taken with small ,worms1 ,bobs1 ,cad-baits1 ,flies1 ,sheeps-,blood1 all sorts of ,worms bred on ,trees or ,herbs1 ,paste1 ,wasps1 ,gnats1 ,lipberries1 c4 ,the ,heads of the ,wasps1 being dipt in ,blood1 is good for ,dace1 and ,dare2 as is likewise the ,ant ,fly4 ,the ,eel1 takes great ,red-worms1 ,beef1 ,wasps1 ,guts of ,fowl1 or ,fish1 ,menows1 or small ,roaches are good ,bait for ,night ,hooks2 the ,hooks being in the ,mouth of the ,fish4 ,now because this is very delightful to most1 ,i shall prescribe three ways of taking them1 as are most full of ,pleasure4 ,the first way is called2 ,sniggling1 or ,broggling for ,eels1 thus3 ,take a strong ,line and ,hook baited with a ,lob1 or ,garden-,worm1 and observing where ,eels lurk in the day time1 with a stick forked at the ,top1 gently put your ,bait into the ,hole1 and if there be any ,eels there1 you will not fail of a ,bite1 of as large as can be had1 but pull not too hard lest you spoyl all4 ,the second is called ,bobbing1 which is thus done3 ,take some large well scoured ,lobs1 and with a ,needle1 run some strong twisted ,silk through them1 from end to end1 so many as are enough to wrap about a ,board near a dozen times2 tye them fast with the two ends of the ,silk to hang in so many ,hanks2 then fasten all to a strong ,cord1 and a handful above the worms fasten a ,plumbet of three quarters of a pound1 and your ,cord to a strong ,pole1 and in muddy ,waters1 you may ,fish1 and find the ,eels tug lustily1 and when you think they have swallowed them1 draw up your ,line1 and ashore with them4 ,lastly the ,eel-spear made with four teeth1 jagged on both sides1 stricken into the ,mud1 on the bottom of a ,river1 and if you chance to strike where they lye1 you infallibly take4 ,there is likewise an assured way of taking ,eels1 thus done3 ,take some ,bottles of ,hay1 mixt with green ,osiers of ,willows1 ,bait them with ,sheeps-,guts1 or other ,beasts ,garbage1 sink them down in the middle1 to the bottom of your ,pond or by the ,bank sides1 having fastned a ,cord to the ,bottles1 that you may twitch them up at your pleasure1 and all the best ,eels will resort to them4 ,the ,flounder1 ,shad1 ,thwait1 ,suant1 and ,mullet1 are taken with ,red-,worms of all sorts1 ,wasps1 and ,gentles4 ,for the ,grayling1 you must head your ,hook upon the shank1 with a slender and narrow plate of ,lead1 that the ,bait 7a large ,grass-hopper7 may the more easily come over it2 and at the point put a ,cad-bait1 and keep the ,bait in continual motion2 not forgetting to pull off the ,grass-hoppers ,wings4 ,the ,gudgeon1 takes the smallest ,red-,worm1 ,wasps1 ,gentles1 and ,cadbaits4 ,when you ,fish for him1 stir up the ,sand or ,gravel with a ,pole1 which will make them gather thither1 and bite more eagerly4 ,the ,guiniad1 ,i shall remit speaking to1 only mentioning it in course1 being no where found1 but in a place called ,pemble-,mere1 in which place they abound1 as the ,river ,dee does with ,salmon4 ,the ,pope1 or ,ruff1 is excellent for a young ,angler1 bites greedily1 and quantities may be taken1 by ,baiting the ,ground with fat ,earth1 and your ,hook with small ,red-,worms4 ,the ,pike1 loveth all sorts of ,baits 7unless the ,fly7 ,gudgeon1 ,dace1 ,roaches and ,loaches2 and young ,frogs in ,summer time1 of which the yellowest is best4 ,the ,pearch1 taketh all sorts of ,earth-worms1 especially the ,lob-worm1 and ,brandling1 well scowred1 ,bobs1 ,oak-worms1 ,dors1 ,gentles1 ,cole-wort-worms1 ,wasps1 ,cad-baits1 and ,menow1 or a little ,frog1 the ,hook being fastned through the skin of his ,leg1 towards the upper part of it4 ,be sure you give the ,pearch time enough to pouch his ,bait1 before you strike4 ,the ,salmon1 is taken best with ,lob-worms1 scented with the ,oyl of ,ivy ,berries1 or the ,oyl of ,polypody1 of the ,oak mixt with ,turpentine3 ,or the well scowred ,garden-worm1 is an excellent ,bait3 ,the ,salmon1 bites best in ,may1 ,june1 and ,july1 at three a ,clock in the ,afternoon1 if the ,water be clear1 a little ,wind stirring1 especially near the ,sea4 ,the ,tench1 is a great lover of large ,red worms first dipt in ,tar4 ,as also all sorts of ,paste1 made up with strong scented ,oyls1 or ,tar1 or a ,paste made up of ,brown ,bread1 and ,honey4 ,he will bite too at a ,cad-worm1 ,lob-worm1 ,flag-worm1 green ,gentle1 ,cadbait1 ,marsh-worm1 or soft boil'd ,bread-grain1 c4 ,the ,torcoth1 being before mentioned1 ,i only let you know1 that he is only found1 in the ,pool ,linperis in ,carnarvon-shire2 and leave you to the ,welchmens description1 both of him and his ,bait4 ,the ,trout1 is fattest1 and in his prime in ,may1 and is caught with all sorts of ,worms1 especially ,brandlings1 commonly found in an ,old ,dung-hill1 ,cow-dung1 ,hogs-dung1 or ,tanners-bark3 ,also with ,flies1 ,natural and ,artificial1 with young ,frogs1 ,menow1 ,marsh1 ,dock1 or ,flag-worms2 all sorts of ,cadbait1 ,dors1 ,bobs1 ,palmers1 ,gentles1 ,wasps1 ,hornets1 c4 and with the ,caterpillar1 used according to the ,rule before prescribed for the ,grayling4 ,lastly ,the ,umber1 is taken as the ,trout1 just now mentioned2 ,and therefore now to your ,sport3 ,to assist your well effecting which1 ,i have but this to add2 ,cast into your ,haunts where you use to ,fish1 once in four or five days1 soft boiled ,corn 7or oftner for ,carp1 and ,tench7 ,also ,garbage1 ,beasts ,livers1 chopt ,worms1 ,grains steept in ,blood1 to attract them to the place2 and to keep them together1 throw in half a handful of ,grains or ground ,malt3 ,but in a stream1 cast it above your ,hook1 that floating towards you you may draw the ,fish thither4 ,sundry curious ,baits for ,fish4 ,these grow on the ,cuccow pints1 or wak-,robin1 and are found in dry ditches1 overgrown with ,brambles2 they are about the bigness of ,pease1 and in ,july and ,august1 are of a lovely transparent ,red1 and are excellent baits for ,roaches1 and ,chubs2 and for the first1 two will serve1 but for the latter1 you may put four or five at a time on the ,hook4 ,oat-,cakes with ,cheese4 ,beat these together into a ,paste1 the ,cheese being new1 and stick them together1 with a little ,honey1 letting the ,paste ,lye all ,night in a wet ,linnen ,cloath1 then fit it up in baits1 and cover your ,hook with it4 ,to keep ,baits for the ,pike1 or ,night-hooks4 ,for this1 take a small ,roach1 ,dace1 ,loach1 ,minnow1 ,smelt1 small ,trout1 or ,pearch1 cutting off the ,finns on the back1 or small ,eels well scoured in ,wheat-,bran1 which will keep them better and longer1 taking a way the slime and watery substance1 that causes them to rot or decay the sooner4 ,fishes ,eyes4 ,take out the ,eyes of such ,fish as you catch1 and put three or four of them on a ,hook1 and they will prove an excellent bait for most sorts of ,fish4 ,fat ,bacon4 ,cut this in little small ,long snips1 and especially at ,snap1 it is exceeding good to take a ,chub or ,pike1 from the latter end of ,august to the beginning of ,april4 ,the ,pith of the ,back-bone of a ,sheep4 ,take out the ,pith that runs through the ,back-bone1 and take off the ,tough outward ,skin1 and leave the thin tender white ,skin on1 and bait with about half an ,inch of it1 and it takes a ,chevin to admiration4 ,grain1 ,wheat1 ,malt4 ,bruise either of these finely1 fry them in ,honey1 make them up into ,pasts with ,oyl of ,peter2 and either in ,winter or ,summer they take ,chub1 ,roach1 ,dace or ,bleak4 ,how to bring ,fish1 if any in the ,pond or ,river1 to the place you desire4 ,boyl clean ,barly in ,water till it bursts1 with ,licorice1 and a little ,mummy2 add some ,honey and beat them together in a ,mortar into a stiff ,paste1 and boyl about the quantity of a ,wall-nut of this ,paste with a quart of ,barly till it grows ,glutenous1 and then lay it for a ground bait1 and the ,fish will flock about it from all parts4 ,to make worms for ,baits come out of the ,ground4 ,boyl an ,ounce of ,verdigrise in a quart of strong ,vinegar1 and ,sprinkle a little in places where you suspect ,worms are1 and they will ,crawl out of the ,ground4 ,another approved ,bait4 ,take the ,fat of a ,heron1 ,mummy1 and ,galbanum2 of each two drams1 ,scent them with a ,grain of ,musk1 and make them up with two ,ounces of ,aqua-vit1 stir them over a gentle ,fire in an ,earthen ,vessel till they become thick1 and with this rub the ,hook1 and end of the ,line1 and the ,scent of it will draw the ,fish to it2 you must also have at the same time a proper ,bait on your ,hook for such ,fish as are in the place you ,angle4 ,the ,artificial ,cod or ,cad ,bait4 ,make the ,body of yellow ,bees-wax1 and head of black ,dubin and black ,silk1 or you may make the ,body of yellow washed ,leather1 ,shamey or ,buff1 and the head all of black ,silk1 and this is an ,incomparable bait for ,trout1 ,salmon or ,smelts1 and those that are natural are most ,excellent baits for ,trout1 ,grayling1 ,salmons1 ,tench1 ,roach1 ,chub1 ,dace1 ,carp1 ,tench1 ,ruff1 ,bream and ,bleak2 but then you must ,fish with it in clear ,water only4 ,rules and ,considerations about ,baits in general4 ,fish in general take all such baits freely1 as nature at that season affords in or near the places where you ,angle1 for being used to them they are not afraid of any deceit1 but take them as their common food4 ,and for flies in this case1 in a ,morning or ,evening1 when you go to ,angle beat the bushes about the ,rivers or ,ponds1 and such ,flies as you rouse there1 ,fish with1 either ,natural1 or imitate them by ,art2 as also see what ,worms or other ,insects fit for baits stick on the ,leaves1 ,grass1 or are in the ,water2 and in this ,observation you cannot miss of good ,sport2 and when you have struck gently the backway1 draw a little1 and be not too hasty to take up before the ,fish has had her play and spent her strength lest she break your ,tackle4 ,if your ,fish be large1 you must use your ,landing ,net4 ,to take ,fish in the ,night with a ,light4 ,this is an ,admirable way to supply you with a sudden ,dish1 viz4 ,take a ,glass in the form of a ,urinal very deep1 put as much ,clay in the bottom of it as will sink the ,mouth of it within an ,inch of the ,water1 floating on pieces of ,cork1 tied about the ,neck to keep it steadily upright1 then place a ,candle in it1 by sticking it in the ,clay-socket1 anointing the out side of the ,glass with ,oyl of ,asper4 ,this ,light will shine a great way in a still ,water1 so that the ,fish being amazed at so unusual a ,sight1 will come out of their holes about it1 and be detained with the scent of the ,oyl so long1 that with a ,hoop-net you may take great store of them4 ,flies proper for every ,month4 ,for ,february1 little red brow ,palmer flies1 the ,plain ,hackle1 the ,silver ,hackle1 the ,gold ,hackle1 the great ,dun1 the great blew ,dun1 the dark brown4 ,for ,march1 the little whirling ,dun1 the early bright ,brown1 the whitish ,dun1 the ,thorn-tree fly1 the blue ,dun1 the little black ,gnat1 the little bright ,brown4 ,for ,april1 the small bright ,brown1 the little dark brown1 the great whirling ,dun1 the ,violet ,fly1 the yellow ,dun1 the ,horse-flesh-fly4 ,for ,may1 the ,dun-cout1 the ,green-drake1 the ,stone-fly1 the black ,may fly1 the little yellow ,may ,fly1 the ,gray-drake1 the ,camlet fly1 the ,turkey ,fly1 the yellow ,palmer1 the black-flat ,fly1 the light-brown1 the little ,dun1 the white ,gnat1 the ,peacock ,fly1 the ,cow-,lady1 the ,cowturd-fly4 ,for ,june1 ,from the first to the #bdth the ,green ,drake and ,stone ,fly1 the ,owl fly1 the ,barn fly1 the purple ,hackle1 the purple ,gold ,hackle1 the flesh ,fly1 the little flesh ,fly1 the ,peacock fly1 the ,ant fly1 the brown ,gnat1 the little black ,gnat1 the ,green-,grasshopper1 the ,dun ,grasshopper1 the ,brown ,hackle4 ,for ,july1 ,the ,badger fly1 the ,orange fly1 the little white ,dun1 the ,wasp fly1 the ,black ,hackle1 the ,shell fly1 the black brown ,dun4 ,for ,august4 ,the late ,ant fly1 the ,fern fly1 the white ,hackle1 the ,harry-long-,legs4 ,for ,september4 ,the ,cammel brown fly1 the late ,badger fly4 ,for ,october4 ,the same ,flies that were used in ,march4 ,the best time to ,angle in4 #a4 ,if in the hot ,months1 cloudy ,weather is best1 when a small ,gale stirs the ,water4 #b4 ,when the ,floods have carryed away the fish that sudden ,showers ,incumbered the ,water withall1 and the ,river and ,pond retains its usual bounds1 looking of a whitish ,colour4 #c4 ,when a violent ,shower has troubled or muddied the ,river1 or a little before the ,fish spawn1 at what time they come into the sandy ,ground to loosen their ,bellies4 #d4 ,after ,rains1 when the ,rivers keep their bounds1 yet rise and run swiftly1 for then they seek shelter in ,creeks and little ,rivulets running into the ,river4 #e4 ,fish for ,carp and ,tench early1 that is1 before ,sun rise1 till ,eight in the ,morning1 and from four in the ,afternoon till after ,sun set4 ,in ,march1 the beginning of ,april1 and the latter end of ,september and all ,winter1 when there are no great ,frosts1 the ,fish bite in the warm of the day1 the wind being still2 but in ,summer ,months1 ,morning and ,evening is best4 #f4 ,fish rise best at the ,fly1 after the shower has muddied or ,clouded the ,waters1 and ,fish with ,flies in generally ,march1 ,april1 ,may1 and the beginning of ,june1 is the best for ,trout2 you may ,angle in a clear star light ,night1 for they are then roaving about for prey2 he bites best in muddy water1 and the best time of ,fishing for him is from #h to #aj in the ,morning1 and from three till five in the ,afternoon4 #g4 ,the ,salmon ,fishery is best in ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 and ,august1 from three in the ,afternoon till ,sun set1 and in the ,morning as before4 #h4 ,the ,barble bites best early in the ,morning1 till ,ten or ,eleven in ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 and the beginning of ,august4 #i4 ,the ,pearch and ,ruff bites best all day in cool ,cloudy ,weather4 #aj4 ,the ,carp and ,tench bite early and late in the still parts of the ,river2 ,june1 ,july1 and ,august2 as likewise do the ,chevin1 whose chief bait is white ,snails1 and small ,lamperies4 #aa4 ,the ,breem bites from ,sun rise till nine or ten in the ,morning in muddy ,water1 especially the ,wind blowing hard1 for the most part2 keeping in the ,middle of the ,pond or ,river in ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 and ,august4 #ab4 ,angle for the ,pike in clear ,water1 when it is stirred by a gentle ,gale in ,july1 ,august1 ,september1 and ,october1 and then he bites best about three in the ,afternoon2 but all the day in ,winter1 and in ,april1 ,may1 and the beginning of ,june1 early in the ,morning and late at ,evening4 #ac4 ,the ,roach and ,dace bite all the day long at the ,top of the ,water at flies natural1 and ,artificial1 also at ,grass-hoppers1 and all sorts of ,worms1 if the ,water be shady4 #ad4 ,the ,gudgeon bites best in ,april1 till she has ,spawned in ,may1 or if the ,weather be cold till ,wasp time1 and at the end of the year all day long1 near to a gentle ,stream4 ,observe when you ,angle for her1 to stir and rake the ,ground1 and the ,bait will be taken the better4 #ae4 ,the ,flounder in ,april bites all day1 ,may1 ,june1 and ,july1 especially in swift ,streams1 yet he will bite1 tho' not so freely in a still ,deep4 ,of ,fish-ponds4 ,grounds most fit and proper to be cast into a ,pond1 are those which are ,marshy1 or ,boggy1 or full of ,springs1 unfit for ,grazing1 or to be put to any profitable use besides4 ,of these the last1 full of ,springs1 will yield the best ,water2 that which is ,marshy will feed ,fish2 and what is ,boggy is best for a ,defence against ,thieves4 ,first draw by small ,trenches all the ,springs into one place1 and so drain the rest of the ,ground2 then mark out the ,head of your ,pond1 and make it the highest part of the ground in the ,eye1 tho' it be the lowest in a ,level3 ,cut the ,trench of your ,floodgate so1 that when the ,water is let out1 it may have a swift fall3 ,on each side of which ,trench drive in stakes of ,oak1 ,ash or ,elm six foot long1 and six ,inches square2 place these in ,rows near four foot distance1 as broad and wide from the ,floodgate as you intend the ,head of your ,pond shall go3 ,dig it in as big and large a ,compass as the ,ground will permit2 throw your ,earth amongst the said stakes1 and ram it down hard till you have covered the stakes3 ,drive in as many new ones next the first stakes1 and ram more ,earth above them1 with stakes above stakes till the head-sides be of a convenient height3 ,taking care1 that the inside of your ,banks be smooth1 even1 hard and strong1 that the ,current of the ,water1 may not wear off the ,earth4 ,having thus digged eight foot deep1 that so it may carry six foot ,water1 pave the bottom and ,banks of the ,pond with ,sods of ,flot-,grass1 laying them close together1 pin them down with stakes and windings3 ,this ,grass is a great feeder of ,fish1 and grows naturally under ,water4 ,stake to the bottom of one side of the ,pond ,bavens and ,brush-,wood-,faggots1 into which the ,fish may cast their spawn4 ,lay ,sods upon ,sods1 to nourish and breed ,eels4 ,the ,pond being made1 let in ,water1 and thus store it3 ,put ,carp1 ,bream and ,tench by themselves3 ,pike1 ,pearch1 ,eel1 and ,tench 7the ,fishes ,physician7 by themselves2 for ,food of the greater ,fishes1 put store of ,roach1 ,dace1 ,loach and ,menow2 and ,lastly to one ,melter1 put three ,spawners1 and in three ,years the increase will be great1 and in five ,years with difficulty be destroyed4 ,in #c ,years ,sue your ,pond2 which you must continue to do1 for the ,roach will increase in such abundance1 that eating up the sweet food1 will make other ,fish1 as ,carps1 c4 be very lean3 ,therefore every ,year view your ,pond1 and observe if any such ,fry appears1 thin them4 ,to make ,carps grow large1 c4 ,about ,april1 when your ,pond is low rake the sides where the ,water is fallen with an ,iron rake1 sow ,hay-seeds there1 rake it well2 and at the end of ,summer you shall have store of ,grass3 ,in ,winter the ,water will over-top the ,grass1 and being ,water enough for them1 the ,carps will resort to the sides1 and feed briskly1 and grow fat3 ,thus do every ,summer1 till you sue your ,pond1 and no ,river ,carp can surpass them4 ,,finis4