,,! ,,moon ,a ,,full ,,description ,,& ,,map ,,( ,,its ,,pr9cipal ,,physical ,,features ,,by ,,?omas ,,gwyn ,,elg]1 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 ,,director ,,( ,,! ,,lun> ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,a/ronomical ,,association ,,ex-,,presid5t ,,liv]pool ,,a/ronomical ,,society ,altri fiumi1 altri laghi1 altre campagne ,sono la su *e non son qui tra noi1 ,altri piani1 altre valli1 altre montagne4 ,,orl&o ,,furioso1 ,canto xxxii4 ,,london ,,george ,,philip ,,son1 #cb ,,fleet ,,/reet1 ,e4,c4 ,,liv]pool3 #de ,,to #ea ,,s\? ,,ca/le ,,/reet #ahie ,,preface ,?is book & ! accompany+ map is *iefly int5d$ = ! use ( lun> obs]v]s1 b x is hop$ x may be acceptable to _m :o1 ?\gh !y _c /rictly be ?us describ$1 take a g5]al int]e/ 9 a/ronomy4 ,! increas+ numb] ( ^? :o possess a/ronomical telescopes1 & devote m or less ( _! leisure 9 foll[+ "s p>ticul> l9e ( rese>*1 is %[n by ! great success 9 rec5t ye>s ( societies1 su* z ! ,briti% ,a/ronomical ,association ) its sev]al bran*es1 ! ,a/ronomical ,society ( ! ,pacific1 & simil> in/itutions 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w4 ,^! societies are n only do+ mu* 9 popul>is+ ! sublime/ ( ! sci5ces1 b are ! means ( develop+ & organis+ ! capabilities ( _! memb]s by disc\rag+ aimless & desultory obs]vations1 & by po9t+ out h[ individual ef=t may be utilis$ & made ( p]man5t value 9 almo/ e dep>tm5t ( a/ronomy4 ,! "w ( ! a/ronom]1 l t ( ! vot>y ( almo/ e o!r sci5ce1 is becom+ e ye> m & m specialis$2 & among its manifold subdivisions1 ! /udy ( ! physical features ( ! moon is und\bt$ly increas+ 9 popul>ity & importance4 ,to ^? :o are pursu+ su* obs]vations1 x is believ$ t ?is book w be a useful companion to ! telescope1 & conv5i5t = ref]5ce4 ,great c>e has be5 tak5 9 ! prep>ation ( ! map1 :i*1 s f> z ! positions ( ! v>i\s objects repres5t$ are conc]n$1 is bas$ on ! la/ edition ( ,be] & ,madl]'s *>t1 & on ! m rec5t & mu* l>g] & elaborate map ( ,s*midt2 :ile z reg>ds ! %ape & details ( mo/ ( ! =mations1 ! au?or's draw+s & a l>ge numb] ( photographs h be5 utilis$4 ,ev5 on s small a scale z eighte5 in*es to ! moon's diamet]1 m detail might h be5 ins]t$1 b ?is1 at ! exp5se ( di/9ctness1 w\ld h detract$ f ! value ( ! map = h&y ref]5ce 9 ! usually dim light ( ! obs]vatory1 )\t add+ to its utility 9 o!r ways4 ,e nam$ =mation is prom95tly %[n2 & mo/ o!r features ( int]e/1 includ+ ! pr9cipal rill-sy/ems1 are repres5t$1 ?\gh1 z reg>ds ^!1 no attempt is made to indicate all _! manifold details & ramifications1 :i*1 to d effectually1 w\ld 9 v _m in/ances require a map on a mu* l>g] scale ?an any t has yet appe>$4 ,! ins]tion ( m]idian l9es & p>allels ( latitude at e t5 degrees1 & ! sub/itution ( names = ref]5ce numb]s1 w add to ! usefulness ( ! map4 ,) respect to ! text1 a l>ge proportion ( ! objects 9 ! ,catalogue & 9 ! ,app5dix h be5 obs]v$ & drawn by ! au?or _m times dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 & describ$ 9 ,! ,obs]vatory & o!r publications4 ,he has _h1 besides1 ! advantage ( consult+ excell5t sket*es by ,mr ,w4,h4 ,,maw1 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,dr4 ,,%eldon1 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,mr4 ,a4 ,,mee1 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,mr4 ,g4,p4 ,,hall[es1 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,dr4 ,,sm>t1 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,mr4 ,t4 ,,gordon1 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,mr4 ,g4,t4 ,,davis1 ,h]r ,,br5n]1 ,h]r ,,krieg]1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,,cord]1 & o!r memb]s ( ! ,briti% ,a/ronomical ,association4 ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,pr(essor ,,hold51 ,director ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 & ,m4 ,,pr9z1 ( ! ,royal ,obs]vatory ( ,brussels1 _m beautiful photographs & direct photographic enl>gem5ts h be5 available1 z h also ! exquisite heliogravures receiv$ by ! au?or f ,dr4 ,l4 ,,we9ek1 ,director ( ! ,imp]ial ,obs]vatory ( ,prague1 & ! admirable examples ( ! photographic "w ( ,,mm4 ,,paul & ,,prosp] ,,h5ry ( ! ,p>is ,obs]vatory1 :i* are occasionally publi%$ 9 ,k4 ,! num]\s repres5tations ( lun> objects :i* h appe>$ f "t to "t 9 t /oreh\se ( a/ronomical in=mation1 ,! ,engli% ,me*anic1 & ! invaluable notes 9 ,cele/ial ,objects = ,common ,telescopes1 & 9 v>i\s p]iodicals1 by ! late ,,rev4 ,,preb5d>y ,,webb1 to :om ,sel5ography & ,a/ronomy g5]ally owe s mu*1 h also be5 consult$4 ,z a rule1 all ! m prom95t & important features are describ$1 ?\gh v frequ5tly int]e/+ details are ref]r$ to :i*1 f _! m9ut5ess1 c\ld n be %[n 9 ! map4 ,! measurem5ts 7giv5 9 r\nd numb]s7 are d]iv$ 9 mo/ in/ances f ,,neison',s 7,nevill7 ,moon1 ?\gh occasionally ^? 9 ! introduction to ,s*midt's *>t are adopt$4 ,,?omas ,,gywn ,,elg]4 ,,b$=d1 #ahie4 ,,cont5ts ,,introduction ,,m>ia1 ,,or ,,pla9s1 ,,t]m$ ,,seas ,,ridges ,,r+-,,m\nta9s1 ,,crat]s1 ,c4 ,wall$ ,pla9s ,m\nta9 ,r+s ,r+-,pla9s ,crat]s ,crat] ,cones ,crat]lets1 ,crat] ,pits ,,m\nta9 ,,ranges1 ,,isolat$ ,,m\nta9s1 c4 ,,clefts1 ,,or ,,rills ,,faults ,,valleys ,,bright ,,ray-,,sy/ems ,,! ,,moon',s ,,alb$o1 ,,surface ,,brightness1 c4 ,,temp]ature ,,( ,,! ,,moon',s ,,surface ,,lun> ,,obs]vation ,,progress ,,( ,,sel5ography1 ,,lun> ,,photography ,,catalogue ,,( ,,lun> ,,=mations ,,fir/ ,,quadrant-- ,we/ ,longitude #ij deg4 to #fj deg4 ,we/ ,longitude #fj deg4 to #dj deg4 ,we/ ,longitude #dj deg4 to #bj deg4 ,we/ ,longitude #bj deg4 to #j deg4 ,,second ,,quadrant-- ,ea/ ,longitude #j deg4 to #bj deg4 ,ea/ ,longitude #bj deg4 to #dj deg4 ,ea/ ,longitude #dj deg4 to #fj deg4 ,ea/ ,longitude #fj deg4 to #ij deg4 ,,?ird ,,quadrant-- ,ea/ ,longitude #j deg4 to #bj deg4 ,ea/ ,longitude #bj deg4 to #dj deg4 ,ea/ ,longitude #dj deg4 to #fj deg4 ,ea/ ,longitude #fj deg4 to #ij deg4 ,,f\r? ,,quadrant-- ,we/ ,longitude #ij deg4 to #fj deg4 ,we/ ,longitude #fj deg4 to #dj deg4 ,we/ ,longitude #dj deg4 to #bj deg4 ,we/ ,longitude #bj deg4 to #j deg4 ,,map ,,( ,,! ,,moon ,fir/ ,quadrant ,second ,quadrant ,?ird ,quadrant ,f\r? ,quadrant ,,app5dix ,description ( ,map ,li/ ( ! ,m>ia1 or ,grey ,pla9s1 t]m$ ,seas1 c4 ,li/ ( "s ( ! mo/ ,prom95t ,m\nta9 ,ranges1 ,promontories1 ,isolat$ ,m\nta9s1 & ,rem>kable ,hills ,li/ ( ! ,pr9cipal ,ray-,sy/ems1 ,light-,surr\nd$ ,crat]s1 & ,light ,spots ,position ( ! ,lun> ,t]m9ator ,lun> ,elem5ts ,alphabetical ,li/ ( ,=mations ,,introduction ,we "k1 bo? by tradition & publi%$ records1 t f ! e>lie/ times ! fa9t grey & light spots :i* div]sify ! face ( our satellite excit$ ! wond] & /imulat$ ! curiosity ( mank9d1 giv+ rise to suppositions m or less crude & errone\s z to _! actual nature & significance4 ,x is true t ,anaxagoras1 five c5turies be=e our era1 & probably o!r philosoph]s prec$+ him1 --c]ta9ly ,plut>* at a mu* lat] date--taught t ^! delicate m>k+s & diff]5ces ( t9t1 obvi\s to e "o ) normal vision1 po9t to ! exi/5ce ( hills & valleys on h] surface2 ! latt] ma9ta9+ t ! irregul>ities ( outl9e pres5t$ by ! t]m9ator1 or l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! illum9$ & unillum9$ portion ( h] sph]ical sup]ficies1 are due to m\nta9s & _! %ad[s2 b m ?an fifte5 c5turies elaps$ be=e ! tru? ( ?is sagaci\s conjecture 0 unque/ionably demon/rat$4 ,sel5ography1 z a bran* ( obs]vational a/ronomy1 dates f ! spr+ ( #afji1 :5 ,galileo direct$ 8 optic tube to ! moon1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 9 ! ,sid]eus ,nuncius1 or ! ,intellig5c] ( ! ,/>s1 gave to an a/oni%$ & incr$ul\s _w an acc\nt ( ! unsuspect$ m>vels x reveal$4 ,9 ?is rem>kable little book we h ! fir/ attempt to repres5t ! telescopic aspect ( ! moon's visible surface 9 ! five rude woodcuts repres5t+ ! curi\s features he p]ceiv$ !reon1 ^: =m & arrangem5t1 he tells u1 rem9d$ him ( ! ocelli on ! fea!rs ( a peacock's tail1--a qua9t b n altoge!r inappropriate simile to describe ! appe>ance ( gr\ps ( ! l>g] r+-m\nta9s p>tially illum9at$ by ! sun1 :5 se5 9 a small telescope4 ,! bright & dusky areas1 s obvi\s to ! unaid$ sight1 7 f\nd by ,galileo to be due to a v manife/ diff]5ce 9 ! "* ( ! lun> surface1 a l>ge portion ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & no inconsid]able "p ( ! s\?-ea/]n quadrant1 be+ se5 to consi/ ( l>ge grey monoton\s tracts1 (t5 bord]$ by l(ty m\nta9s1 :ile ! rema9d] ( ! sup]ficies 0 mu* m conspicu\sly brilliant1 &1 moreov]1 includ$ by f> ! great] numb] ( ^? curi\s r+- m\nta9s & o!r extraord9>y features ^: rem>kable aspect & peculi> arrangem5t fir/ attract$ 8 att5tion4 ,/ruck by ! analogy :i* ^! contra/$ regions pres5t to ! l& & wat] surfaces ( our globe1 he suspect$ t ! =m] are repres5t$ on ! moon by ! bright] & m rugg$1 & ! latt] by ! smoo!r & m level areas2 a view1 h[ev]1 :i* ,kepl] m di/9ctly =mulat$ 9 ! dictum1 ,d maculas esse ,m>ia1 d lucidas esse t]ras4 ,besides mak+ a rude lun> *>t1 he e/imat$ ! heights ( "s ( ! r+- m\nta9s by measur+ ! di/ance f ! t]m9ator ( _! bright summit peaks1 :5 !y 7 ei!r com+ into or pass+ out ( sunlight2 & ?\gh 8 me?od 0 incapable ( accuracy1 & 8 results consequ5tly untru/wor?y1 x s]v$ to demon/rate ! imm5se altitude ( ^! circumvallations1 & to %[ h[ greatly !y exce$ any m\nta9s on ! e>? if ! relative dim5sions ( ! two globes are tak5 into consid]ation4 ,be=e ! close ( ! c5tury :5 sel5ography fir/ became possible1 ,hevel ( ,dantzig1 ,s*e9]1 ,langr5us 7cosmograph] to ! ,k+ ( ,spa971 ,riccioli1 ! ,jesuit a/ronom] ( ,bologna1 & ,dom9ic ,cass9i1 ! celebrat$ ,fr5* a/ronom]1 greatly ext5d$ ! k ( ! moon's surface1 & publi%$ draw+s ( v>i\s phases1 & *>ts1 :i*1 ?\gh v rude & incomplete1 7 a cle> advance ^u :at ,galileo1 ) 8 inf]ior optical means1 _h be5 able to accompli%4 ,langr5us1 & aft] him ,hevel1 gave di/9ctive names to ! v>i\s =mations1 ma9ly d]iv$ f t]re/rial physical features1 = :i* ,riccioli subsequ5tly sub/itut$ ^? ( philosoph]s1 ma!maticians1 & o!r celebrities2 & ,cass9i det]m9$ by actual measurem5t ! relative position ( _m ( ! pr9cipal objects on ! disc1 ?us lay+ ! f\ndation ( an accurate sy/em ( lun> topography2 :ile ! lab\rs ( ,t4 ,may] & ,s*rot] 9 ! la/ c5tury1 & ( ,lohrmann1 ,madl]1 ,neison 7,nevill71 ,s*midt1 & o!r obs]v]s 9 ! pres5t1 h be5 ma9ly devot$ to ! /udy ( ! m9ut] detail ( ! moon & its physical *>act]i/ics4 ,z 0 manife/ to ! e>lie/ telescopic obs]v]s1 its visible surface is cle>ly divisible into /rongly contra/$ areas1 diff]+ bo? 9 col\r & /ructural "*4 ,some:at less ?an half ( :at we see ( x consi/s ( comp>atively level d>k tracts1 "s ( !m v _m ?\s&s ( squ>e miles 9 ext5t1 ! monotony ( ^: dusky sup]ficies is (t5 unreliev$ = great di/ances by any prom95t object2 :ile ! rema9d]1 ev]y:]e manife/ly bright]1 is n only m rugg$ & unev51 b is cov]$ to a mu* great] ext5t ) numb]s ( quasi-circul> =mations1 diff]+ widely 9 size1 class$ z wall$-pla9s1 r+-pla9s1 crat]s1 crat]lets1 crat]-cones1 c4 7! latt] be>+ a great outw>d resemblance to "s t]re/rial volcanoes71 & m\nta9 ranges ( va/ proportions1 isolat$ hills1 & o!r features4 ,?\gh no?+ resembl+ %eets ( wat]1 ei!r ( small or l>ge ext5t1 h ev] be5 detect$ on ! surface1 ! sup]ficial resemblance1 9 small telescopes1 ( ! l>ge grey tracts to ! appe>ance :i* we may suppose our t]re/rial lakes & oceans w\ld pres5t to an obs]v] on ! moon1 naturally induc$ ! e>ly sel5ograph]s to t]m !m ,m>ia1 or seas--a conv5i5t "n1 :i* is /ill ma9ta9$1 )\t1 h[ev]1 imply+ t ^! areas1 z we n[ see !m1 are1 or ev] 71 cov]$ ) wat]4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 reg>d !m z old sea-b$s1 f :i* e trace ( fluid1 ow+ to "s unkn[n cause1 has vani%$1 & t ! folds & wr9kles1 ! ridges1 swell+s1 & o!r peculi>ities ( /ructure obs]v$ ^u !m1 repres5t "s ( ! results ( alluvial action4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 possible1 & ev5 probable1 t at a remote epo* 9 ! evolution ( our satellite ^! l[] regions 7 occupi$ by wat]1 b t _! surface1 z x n[ appe>s1 is actually ?is old sea-bottom1 seems to be less likely ?an t x repres5ts ! consolidat$ cru/ ( "s semi- fluid or visc\s mat]ial 7possibly ( a basaltic type7 :i* has well$ =? f orifices or r5ts communicat+ ) ! int]ior1 & ov]spread & p>tially fill$ up ^! imm5se holl[s1 m or less ov]:elm+ & de/roy+ _m =mations :i* /ood ^u !m be=e ?is cata/rophe took place4 ,?\gh ?is1 l _m o!r speculations ( a simil> "* relat+ to lun> geology1 mu/ rema91 at lea/ = ! pres5t1 z a m]e hypo!sis2 indications ( ?is p>tial de/ruction by "s ag5cy or o!r is almo/ ev]y:]e app>5t 9 ^? =mations :i* bord] ! s-call$ seas1 z1 = example1 ,fraca/orius 9 ! ,m>e ,nect>is2 ,le ,monni] 9 ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis2 ,pitatus & ,hesiodus1 on ! s\? side ( ! ,m>e ,nubium2 ,doppelmay] 9 ! ,m>e ,humorum1 & 9 _m o!r situations2 :ile no obs]v] c fail to notice innum]able in/ances ( m or less complete oblit]ation & ru9 among objects )9 ^! areas1 9 ! =m ( obscure r+s 7m]e sc>s on ! surface71 dusky crat]s1 circul> arrangem5ts ( isolat$ hills1 rem9d+ "o ( ! monoli?s ( a ,druidical temple2 all ( :i* we are ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ 7 at "o "t =mations ( a normal type4 ,x has be5 held by "s sel5ologi/s --& ,s*midt appe>s to be ( ! numb]1--t1 see+ ! comp>ative sc>city ( l>ge r+-pla9s & o!r massive =mations on ! ,m>ia1 ^! grey pla9s repres5t1 z x 71 a picture ( ! primitive surface ( ! moon be=e x 0 di/urb$ by ! op]ations ( int]ior =ces2 b ?is view af=ds no explanation ( ! und\bt$ exi/5ce ( ! relics ( an e>li] lun> _w b5ea? _! smoo? sup]ficies4 ,,m>ia4--,leav+1 h[ev]1 ^! consid]ations = a m p>ticul> description ( ! ,m>ia1 x is cle>ly impossible1 9 ref]r+ to _! level relatively to ! high] & bright] l& surface ( ! moon1 to appeal to any hypsometrical /&>d4 ,all t is kn[n 9 ?is respect is1 t !y are inv>iably l[] ?an ! latt]1 & t "s s9k to a great] dep? ?an o!rs1 or1 9 o!r words1 t !y d n all =m a "p ( ! same sph]e4 ,?\gh !y are m or less ( a greyi%-slaty hue--"s ( !m approximat+ v closely to t ( ! pigm5t kn[n z ,payne's grey--! tone1 ( c\rse1 dep5ds ^u ! angle at :i* ! sol> rays imp+e on t p>ticul> portion ( ! surface "u obs]vation4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 !y are1 z w\ld foll[ f optical consid]ations1 conspicu\sly d>k] :5 view$ ne> ! t]m9ator1 or :5 ! sun is ei!r ris+ or sett+ ^u !m1 ?an "u a m v]tical angle ( illum9ation4 ,b ev5 :5 x is possible to comp>e _! col\r by eye-e/imation "u simil> sol> altitudes1 x is f\nd t n only are "s ( ! ,m>ia1 z a :ole1 notably d>k] ?an o!rs1 b ne>ly all ( !m exhibit local inequalities ( hue1 :i*1 "u good atmosph]ic & in/rum5tal conditions1 are especially rem>kable4 ,"u su* circum/ances ,i h frequ5tly se5 ! surface1 9 _m places cov]$ ) m9ute glitt]+ po9ts ( light1 %9+ ) a silv]y lu/re1 int]m+l$ ) d>k] spots & a network ( /reaks f> too delicate & e!real to repres5t 9 a draw+4 ,9 addition to ^! contra/s & diff]5ces 9 ! sombre tone ( ^! ext5d$ pla9s1 _m obs]v]s h rem>k$ traces ( a yell[ or gre5 t9t on ! surface ( "s ( !m4 ,= example1 ! ,m>e ,imbrium & ! ,m>e ,frigoris appe> "u c]ta9 conditions to be ( a dirty yell[-gre5 hue1 ! c5tral p>ts ( ! ,m>e ,humorum dusky gre51 & "p ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis & ! ,m>e ,crisium light gre51 :ile ! ,palus ,somnii has be5 not$ a gold5-br[n yell[4 ,to ^! may be add$ ! di/rict r\nd ,t>untius 9 ! ,m>e ,foecunditatis1 & portions ( o!r regions ref]r$ to 9 ! catalogue1 :]e ,i h rem>k$ a v decid$ sepia col\r "u a l[ sun4 ,x has be5 attempt$ to acc\nt = ^! ph5om5a by suppos+ ! exi/5ce ( "s k9d ( vegetation2 b z ?is involves ! pres5ce ( an atmosph]e1 ! idea h>dly f9ds fav\r at ! pres5t "t1 ?\gh p]haps ! possibility ( plant gr[? 9 ! l[-ly+ di/ricts1 :]e a gase\s m$ium may prevail1 is n altoge!r s *im]ical a notion z to be unwor?y ( consid]ation4 ,nasmy? & o!rs sugge/ t ^! t9ts may be due to broad expanses ( col\r$ volcanic mat]ial1 an hypo!sis :i*1 if we believe ! ,m>ia to be ov]spread ) su* matt]1 & kn[+ h[ x v>ies 9 col\r 9 t]re/rial volcanic regions1 is m probable ?an ! fir/4 ,anyway1 :e!r we consid] ^! appe>ances to be objective1 or1 aft] all1 only due to purely physiological causes1 !y und\bt$ly m]it clos] /udy & inve/igation ?an !y h hi!rto receiv$4 ,!re are tw5ty-?ree ( ^! dusky areas :i* h receiv$ di/9ctive names2 sev5te5 ( !m are :olly1 or 9 great "p1 conf9$ to ! nor!rn1 & to ! s\?-ea/]n qu>t] ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e--! s\?-we/]n quadrant be+ to a great ext5t devoid ( !m4 ,by f> ! l>ge/ is ! va/ ,oceanus ,procell>um1 ext5d+ f a high nor!rn latitude to beyond latitude #aj deg4 9 ! s\?-ea/]n quadrant1 &1 accord+ to ,s*midt1 ) its bays & inflections1 occupy+ an area ( ne>ly two million squ>e miles1 or m ?an t ( all ! rema9+ ,m>ia put toge!r4 ,next 9 ord] ( size come ! ,m>e ,nubium1 ( ab\t "o-fif? ! sup]ficies1 cov]+ a l>ge portion ( ! s\?-ea/]n quadrant1 & ext5d+ consid]ably nor? ( ! equator1 & ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 :olly conf9$ to ! nor!a/]n quadrant1 & includ+ an area ( ab\t #cdj1jjj squ>e miles4 ,^! are by f> ! l>ge/ lun> seas4 ,! ,m>e ,foecunditatis1 9 ! we/]n hemisph]e1 ! great] "p ( x ly+ 9 ! s\?- we/]n quadrant1 is sc>cely half s big z ! ,m>e ,imbrium2 :ile ! ,m>ia ,s]5itatis & ,tranquilitatis1 ab\t equal 9 area 7! =m] situat$ :olly nor? ( ! equator1 & ! latt] only p>tially ext5d+ s\? ( x71 are /ill small]4 ,! arctic ,m>e ,frigoris1 "s #ajj1jjj squ>e miles 9 ext5t1 is ! only rema9+ l>ge sea1--! re/1 su* z ! ,m>e ,vaporum1 ! ,s9us ,m$ii1 ! ,m>e ,crisium1 ! ,m>e ,humorum1 & ! ,m>e ,humboldtianum1 are ( comp>atively small dim5sions1 ! ,m>e ,crisium n greatly exce$+ #gj1jjj squ>e miles1 ! ,m>e ,humorum 7ab\t ! size ( ,engl&7 #ej1jjj squ>e miles1 :ile ! ,m>e ,humboldtianum1 accord+ to ,s*midt1 includes only ab\t #db1jjj squ>e miles1 an area :i* is approa*$ by "s =mations n class$ ) ! ,m>ia4 ,?is di/9ction1 speak+ g5]ally1 prevails among ! ,m>ia1--^? ( l>g] size1 su* z ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 ! ,m>e ,nubium1 & ! ,m>e ,foecunditatis1 are less def9itely enclos$1 &1 l t]re/rial oceans1 communicate ) "o ano!r2 :ile _! bord]s1 or1 if ! t]m may be all[$1 _! coa/-l9e1 is (t5 comp>atively l[ & ill-def9$1 exhibit+ _m inlets & irregul>ities 9 outl9e4 ,o!rs1 aga91 ( consid]able area1 z1 = example1 ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis & ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 are b\nd$ m or less completely by curv$ bord]s1 consi/+ ( t[]+ m\nta9 ranges1 desc5d+ ) a v /eep esc>pm5t to _! surface3 ?us 9 =m & o!r *>act]i/ics !y resemble imm5se wall-surr\nd$ pla9s4 ,among ! be/ examples ( enclos$ ,m>ia is ! ,m>e ,crisium1 :i* is consid]$ by ,neison to be ! deepe/ ( all1 & ! ,m>e ,humboldtianum4 ,?\gh ^! great pla9s are describ$ z level1 ?is t]m mu/ only be tak5 9 a comp>ative s5se4 ,no "o :o obs]ves !m :5 _! surface is ?r[n into relief by ! oblique rays ( ! ris+ or sett+ sun c fail to rem>k _m l[ bubble-%ap$ swell+s ) g5tly r\nd$ outl9es1 %all[ tr\gh-l holl[s1 &1 9 ! majority ( !m1 long s9u\s ridges1 ei!r runn+ conc5trically ) _! bord]s or trav]s+ !m f side to side4 ,?\gh none ( ^! features are ( any great altitude or dep?1 "s ( ! ridges are z mu* z #gjj feet 9 height1 & probably 9 _m in/ances ! o!r elevations (t5 rise to #aej feet or m above ! l[-ly+ p>ts ( ! pla9s on :i* !y /&4 ,h5ce we may say t ! ,m>ia are only level 9 ! s5se t _m di/ricts 9 ! ,engli% ,midl& c\nties are level1 & n t _! surface is absolutely flat4 ,! same may be said z to _! app>5t smoo?ness1 :i*1 z is evid5t :5 !y are view$ close to ! t]m9ator1 is an expression ne$+ qualification1 = "u ^! conditions !y (t5 appe> to be cov]$ ) wr9kles1 flexures1 & little asp]ities1 :i*1 to be visible at all1 mu/ be ( consid]able size4 ,9 fact1 7 x possible to exam9e !m f a di/ance ( a few miles1 in/ead ( f a /&po9t :i*1 "u ! mo/ fav\rable circum/ances1 _c be reckon$ at less ?an #cjj1 & ?is ?r\gh an int]pos$ a]ial m$ium always m or less p]turb$1 !y w\ld probably be describ$ z rugg$ & unev51 z "s mod]n lava %eets4 ,,ridges4--,among ! ,m>ia :i* exhibit ! mo/ rem>kable arrangem5t ( ridges is ! ,m>e ,humorum1 9 ! s\?-ea/]n quadrant4 ,"h1 if x be obs]v$ "u a ris+ sun1 a numb] ( ^! objects w be se5 ext5d+ f ! region nor? ( ! r+-m\nta9 ,vitello 9 long undulat+ l9es1 r\ghly conc5tric ) ! we/]n bord] ( ! sea1 & gradually dim9i%+ 9 altitude z !y spread out1 ) _m ramifications1 to a di/ance ( #bjj miles or m t[>ds ! nor?4 ,at ?is /age ( illum9ation !y are /rik+ly beautiful 9 a good telescope1 rem9d+ "o ( ! ripple-m>ks left by ! tide on a s(t s&y bea*4 ,l mo/ o!r objects ( _! class1 !y are v evanesc5t1 gradually disappe>+ z ! sun rises high] 9 ! lun> firmam5t1 & ultimately leav+ no?+ to indicate _! pres5ce beyond "h & !re a gho/ly /reak or ve9 ( a some:at light] hue ?an t ( ! neighb\r+ surface4 ,! ,m>e ,nect>is1 aga91 9 ! s\?-we/]n quadrant1 pres5ts "s f9e examples ( conc5tric ridges1 :i* are se5 to ! be/ advantage :5 ! morn+ sun is ris+ on ,rosse1 a prom95t crat] nor? ( ,fraca/orius4 ,?is sea is evid5tly concave 9 cross-section1 ! c5tral portion be+ consid]ably l[] ?an ! m>g91 & ^! ridges appe> to m>k ! successive /ages ( ! *ange ( level f ! coa/-l9e to ! c5tre4 ,!y sugge/ ! cav+ 9 ( ! surface1 simil> to t obs]v$ on a froz5 pond or riv]1 :]e ! cat's ice at ! edge1 ?r\gh ! s9k+ ( ! wat] b5ea?1 is r5t & tilt$ to a great] or less degree4 ,! ,m>e ,s]5itatis & ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 are also rem>kable = ! numb] ( ^! peculi> features4 ,!y are v pl5tifully di/ribut$ r\nd ! m>g9 & 9 o!r p>ts ( ! =m]1 :i* includes besides "o ( ! longe/ & l(tie/ on ! moon's visible surface--! great s]p5t9e ridge1 fir/ drawn & describ$ ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s ago by ! fam\s sel5ograph]1 ,s*rot] ( ,lili5?al4 ,orig9at+ at a little crat] "u ! nor?- ea/ wall ( great r+-pla9 ,posidonius1 x foll[s a w9d+ c\rse across ! ,m>e t[>d ! s\?1 ?r[+ out _m m9or bran*es1 & ultimately dies out "u a great rocky promontory--! ,promontory ,a*]usia1 at ! we/]n t]m9ation ( ! ,haemus range4 ,a comp>atively l[ p[] s]ves to %[ ! curi\s /ructural "* ( ?is imm5se ridge1 :i* appe>s to consi/ ( a numb] ( corrugations & folds mass$ toge!r1 ris+ 9 places1 accord+ to ,neison1 to a height ( #gjj feet & m4 ,! ,m>e ,imbrium also af=ds an example ( a ridge1 :i*1 ?\gh %ort]1 is ne>ly z prom95t1 9 t :i* runs f ! bright little r+-pla9 ,piazzi ,smy? t[>ds ! we/ side ( ,plato4 ,! region r\nd ,timo*>is & o!r qu>t]s ( ! ,m>e are likewise trav]s$ by v notewor?y features ( a simil> class4 ,! ,oceanus ,procell>um also pres5ts good in/ances ( ridges 9 ! m>vell\s ramifications r\nd ,encke1 ,kepl]1 & ,m>ius1 & 9 ! region nor? ( ,ari/>*us & ,h]odotus4 ,p]haps ! mo/ p]fect examples ( surface swell+s are ^? 9 ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis1 a little ea/ ( ! r+-pla9 ,arago1 :]e !re are two ne>ly equal circul> m\nds1 at lea/ t5 miles 9 diamet]1 resembl+ tumuli se5 f above4 ,simil>1 b m irregul>1 objects ( a l k9d are v pl5tiful 9 _m o!r qu>t]s4 ,x is a sugge/ive peculi>ity ( _m ( ! lun> ridges1 bo? on ! ,m>ia & else:]e1 t !y are v g5]ally f\nd 9 association ) crat]s ( e size4 ,illu/rations ( ?is fact occur almo/ ev]y:]e4 ,frequ5tly small crat]s are f\nd on ! summits ( ^! elevations1 b m (t5 on _! flanks & ne> _! base4 ,:]e a ridge sudd5ly *anges its direction1 a crat] ( "s prom95ce g5]ally m>ks ! po9t1 (t5 =m+ a node1 or cross+-place ( o!r ridges1 :i* ?us appe> to radiate f x z a c5tre4 ,sometimes !y intrude )9 ! small] r+-m\nta9s1 pass+ ?r\gh gaps 9 _! walls z1 = example1 9 ! cases ( ,madl]1 ,lassell1 c4 ,v>i\s hypo!ses h be5 advanc$ to acc\nt = !m4 ,! late ,pr(essor ,phillips1 ! geologi/1 :o devot$ mu* att5tion to ! telescopic exam9ation ( ! physical features ( ! moon1 comp>$ ! lun> ridges to long1 l[1 undulat+ m\nds1 ( some:at d\btful orig91 call$ kames 9 ,scotl&1 & esk]s 9 ,irel&1 :]e on ! l[ c5tral pla9 !y are commonly f\nd 9 ! =m ( ext5d$ banks 7ma9ly ( gravel71 ) m or less /eep sides1 ris+ to heights ( f #bj to #gj feet4 ,!y are sometimes only a few y>ds wide at ! top1 :ile 9 o!r places !y spread out into l>ge humps1 hav+ circul> or oval cavities on _! summits1 #ej or #fj y>ds across1 & z mu* z #dj feet deep4 ,l ! lun> ridges1 !y ?r[ out bran*es & exhibit _m brea*es ( cont9uity4 ,by "s geologi/s !y are suppos$ to repres5t old subm>9e banks =m$ by tidal curr5ts1 l h>b\r b>s1 & by o!rs to be glacial deposits2 9 ei!r case1 to be ei!r directly or indirectly due to alluvial action4 ,_! outw>d resemblance to "s ( ! ridges on ! moon is unque/ionable2 & if we c\ld believe t ! ,m>ia1 z we n[ see !m1 are dri$-up sea-b$s1 x might be conclud$ t ^! ridges _h a simil> orig92 b _! close connection ) c5tres ( volcanic di/urbance1 & ! numb]s ( little crat]s on or ne> _! track1 po9t to ! supposition t !y consi/ r ( mat]ial exud$ f long-ext5d+ fissures 9 ! cru/ ( ! seas1 & 9 o!r surfaces :]e !y are sup]impos$4 ,?is conjecture is r5d]$ /ill m probable by ! fact t we sometimes f9d ! direction ( clefts 7:i* are und\bt$ surface cracks7 prolong$ 9 ! =m ( long n>r[ ridges or ( r[s ( little hillocks4 ,we are1 h[ev]1 n b\nd to assume t all ! manifold corrugations obs]v$ on ! lun> pla9s are due to "o & ! same cause2 inde$1 x is cle> t "s are m]ely ! outw>d indications ( sudd5 drops 9 ! surface1 z 9 ! case ( ! ridges r\nd ! we/]n m>g9 ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 & 9 o!r situations1 :]e subsid5ce is manife/$ by features assum+ ! outw>d aspect ( ord9>y ridges1 b :i* are 9 reality ( a v diff]5t /ructural "*4 ,! ,m>ia1 l almo/ e o!r "p ( ! visible surface1 ab\nd 9 crat]s ( a m9ute type1 :i* are scatt]$ "h & !re )\t any app>5t law or asc]ta9$ pr9ciple ( arrangem5t4 ,see+ h[ imp]fect is our acqua9tance ) ev5 ! l>g] objects ( ?is class1 x is ra% to insi/ on ! antiquity or p]man5ce ( su* dim9utive objects1 or to dogmatise ab\t ! cessation ( lun> activity 9 connection ) features :]e ! volcanic hi/ory ( our globe1 if x is ( any value z an analogue1 tea*es u x is mo/ likely to prevail4 ,mo/ obs]v]s w agree ) ,s*midt1 t obs]vations & draw+s ( objects on ! sombre depress$ pla9s ( ! moon are easi] & pleasant] to make ?an on ! dazzl+ highl&s1 & t ! lun> sea is to ! work+ sel5ograph] l an oasis 9 ! des]t to ! travell]--a relief 9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 n to an exhau/$ body1 b to a we>y eye4 ,,r+-,,m\nta9s1 ,,crat]s1 ,c4--,x is ^! objects1 9 _! almo/ endless v>iety & bewild]+ numb]1 :i*1 m ?an any o!rs1 give to our satellite t m>vell\s appe>ance 9 ! telescope :i* s9ce ! days ( ,galileo has nev] fail$ to evoke ! a/oni%m5t ( ! behold]4 ,h[ev] famili> we may be ) ! lun> surface1 we c nev] gaze on ^! extraord9>y =mations1 :e!r mass$ toge!r app>5tly 9 inextricable confusion1 or /&+ 9 isolat$ gr&eur1 l ,cop]nicus1 on ! grey surface ( ! pla9s1 )\t exp]i5c+1 9 a sc>cely dim9i%$ degree1 ! same s5sation ( wond] & admiration ) :i* !y 7 beheld = ! fir/ "t4 ,al?\gh ! attempt to br+ all ^! biz>re =ms "u a rigid s*eme ( classification has n be5 :olly successful1 _! /ructural peculi>ities1 ! hypsometrical relation betwe5 _! int]ior & ! surr\nd+ di/rict1 _! size1 & ! "* ( _! circumvallation1 ! dim5sions ( _! cav]n\s op5+ z comp>$ ) t ( ! m or less truncat$ conical mass ( matt] surr\nd+ x1 all af=d a basis = gr\p+ !m "u di/9ctive titles1 t are n only conv5i5t to ! sel5ograph]1 b :i* und\bt$ly repres5t1 z a rule1 actual div]sities 9 _! orig9 & physical "*4 ,^! di/+ui%+ titles1 z adopt$ by ,s*rot]1 ,lohrmann1 & ,madl]1 & accept$ by subsequ5t obs]v]s1 are ,,wall$-,,pla9s1 ,,m\nta9 ,,r+s1 ,,r+-,,pla9s1 ,,crat]s1 ,,crat]-,,cones1 ,,crat]lets1 ,,crat]-,,pits1 ,,depressions4 ,,wall$-,,pla9s4--,^! =mations1 approximat+ m or less to ! circul> =m1 ?\gh frequ5tly deviat+ consid]ably f x1 are among ! l>ge/ enclosures on ! moon4 ,!y v>y f upw>ds ( #aej to #fj miles or "u 9 diamet]1 & are (t5 encircl$ by a complex ramp>t ( consid]able bread?1 ris+ 9 "s in/ances to a height ( #ab1jjj feet or m above ! enclos$ pla94 ,?is ramp>t is r>ely cont9u\s1 b is g5]ally int]rupt$ by gaps1 cross$ by transv]se valleys & passes1 & brok5 by m rec5t crat]s & depressions4 ,z a rule1 ! area )9 ! circumvallation 7usually t]m$ ! floor7 is only slightly1 if at all1 l[] ?an ! region outside3 x is v g5]ally ( a dusky hue1 simil> to t ( ! grey pla9s or ,m>ia1 &1 l !m1 is usually v>iegat$ by ! pres5ce ( hills1 ridges1 & crat]s1 & is sometimes trav]s$ by delicate furr[s1 t]m$ clefts or rills4 ,ptolemaeus1 9 ! ?ird quadrant1 & n f> remov$ f ! c5tre ( ! disc1 may be tak5 z a typical example ( ! class4 ,"h we h a va/ pla91 #aae miles f side to side1 encircl$ by a massive b mu* brok5 wall1 :i* at "o peak t[]s m ?an #ijjj feet above a level floor1 :i* includes details ( a v rem>kable "*4 ,! adjo9+ ,alphonsus is ano!r1 b some:at small]1 object ( ! same type1 z are also ,albategnius1 & ,arza*el2 & ,plato1 9 a high nor!rn latitude1 ) its noble _m-peak$ ramp>t & its v>iable /eel-grey int]ior4 ,grimaldi1 ne> ! ea/]n limb 7p]haps ! d>ke/ area on ! moon71 ,s*ick>d1 ne>ly z big1 on ! s\?- ea/]n limb1 & ,bailly1 l>g] ?an ei!r 7/ill f>!r s\? 9 ! same quadrant71 al?\gh !y approa* "s ( ! small] seas 9 size1 are plac$ 9 ! same category4 ,! conspicu\s c5tral m\nta91 s frequ5tly associat$ ) o!r types ( r+$ enclosures1 is by no means inv>iably f\nd )9 ! wall$-pla9s2 ?\gh1 z 9 ! case ( ,petavius1 ,langr5us1 ,gass5di1 & sev]al o!r notewor?y examples1 x is v prom95tly display$4 ,! progress ( sunrise on all ^! objects af=ds a magnific5t spectacle4 ,v (t5 :5 ! rays imp+e on _! app>5tly level floor at an angle ( f #a deg4 to #b deg41 x is se5 to be co>se1 r\gh gra9$1 & cov]$ ) m9ute elevations1 al?\gh an h\r or s aft]w>ds x appe>s z smoo? z glass4 ,al?\gh x is a di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic t !re is no great diff]5ce 9 level betwe5 ! outside & ! inside ( a wall$-pla91 !re are "s v int]e/+ exceptions to ?is rule1 :i* are t]m$ by ,s*midt ,transitional =ms4 ,among ^! he places "s ( ! mo/ colossal =mations1 su* z ,clavius1 ,maurolycus1 ,/(l]1 ,janss51 & ,longomontanus4 ,! fir/1 :i* may be tak5 z repres5tative ( ! class 7well kn[n to obs]v]s z "o ( ! gr&e/ ( lun> objects71 has a deeply sunk5 floor1 fr+$ ) m\nta9s ris+ "s #ab1jjj feet above x1 ?\gh !y sc>cely /& a f\r? ( ?is height above ! pla9 on ! we/1 :i* asc5ds ) a v g5tle gradi5t to ! summit ( ! wall4 ,h5ce ! contra/ betwe5 ! %ad[s ( ! peaks ( ! we/]n wall on ! floor at sunrise1 & ( ! same peaks on ! region we/ ( ! bord] at sunset is v m>k$4 ,9 ,gass5di1 ,phocylides1 & ,w>g5t9 we h simil> notable dep>tures f ! normal type4 ,! floor ( ! =m] on ! nor? /&s #bjjj feet above ! ,m>e ,humorum4 ,9 ,phocylides1 probably ?r\gh fault+1 "o portion ( ! int]ior sudd5ly s9ks to a consid]able dep? bel[ ! rema9d]2 :ile ! v abnormal ,w>g5t9 has su* an elevat$ floor1 t1 :5 view$ "u fav\rable conditions1 x rem9ds "o ( a %all[ oval tray or di% fill$ ) fluid to ! po9t ( ov]fl[+4 ,^! examples1 v f> f be+ exhau/ive1 w be suffici5t to %[ t ! wall$-pla9s exhibit notewor?y diff]5ces 9 o!r respects ?an size1 height ( ramp>t1 or includ$ detail4 ,/ill ano!r peculi>ity1 conf9$1 x is believ$1 to a v few1 may be m5tion$1 viz41 convexity ( floor1 prom95tly display$ 9 ,petavius1 ,m]s5ius1 & ,hevel4 ,,m\nta9 ,,r+s4--,^! objects1 usually encircl$ by a l[ & brok5 bord]1 seldom m ?an a few hundr$ feet 9 height1 are closely alli$ to ! wall$-pla9s4 ,!y are m frequ5tly f\nd on ! ,m>ia ?an else:]e4 ,9 "s cases ! r+ consi/s ( isolat$ d>k sections1 ) "h & !re a bright mass ( rock int]pos$2 9 o!rs1 ( l[ curvil9e> ridges1 =m+ a m or less complete circumvallation4 ,!y v>y 9 size f #fj or #gj miles to #ae miles & less4 ,! great r+ nor? ( ,flam/e$1 #fj miles across1 is a notable example2 ano!r lies we/ ( x on ! nor? ( ,wi*mann2 :ile a ?ird w be f\nd s\?- ea/ ( ,encke2--inde$1 ! ,m>e ,procell>um ab\nds 9 objects ( ?is type4 ,! curi\s =mation on ! ,m>e ,imbrium imm$iately s\? ( ,plato 7call$ ,newton by ,s*rot]71 may be plac$ 9 ?is category1 z may also _m ( ! l[ dusky r+s ( mu* small] dim5sions f\nd 9 _m qu>t]s ( ! ,m>ia4 ,z has be5 /at$ else:]e1 ^! features h ! appe>ance ( hav+ once be5 =mations ( a mu* m prom95t & important "*1 :i* h suff]$ de/ruction1 m or less complete1 ?r\gh be+ p>tially ov]:elm$ by ! mat]ial ( ! seas4 ,,r+-,,pla9s4--,^! are by f> ! mo/ num]\s ( ! ramp>t$ enclosures ( ! moon1 & ?\gh x is occasionally difficult to decide 9 :i* class1 wall$-pla9 or r+-pla91 "s objects %\ld be plac$1 yet1 z a rule1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! /ructural "* ( ! two is abundantly obvi\s4 ,! r+-pla9s v>y 9 diamet] f sixty to less ?an t5 miles1 & are f> m regul> 9 outl9e ?an ! wall$-pla9s4 ,_! ramp>ts1 (t5 v massive1 are m cont9u\s1 & fall ) a /eep declivity to a floor almo/ always greatly depress$ bel[ ! outside region4 ,! inn] slopes g5]ally display subord9ate heights1 call$ t]races1 arrang$ m or less conc5trically1 & (t5 ext5d+ 9 successive /ages ne>ly d[n to ! int]ior foot ( ! wall4 ,) ! int]v5+ valleys1 ^! features are v /rik+ objects :5 view$ "u good conditions ) high p[]s4 ,9 "s cases !y may possibly repres5t ! effects ( ! slipp+ ( ! upp] portions ( ! wall1 f a want ( cohesiv5ess 9 ! mat]ial ( :i* x is compos$2 b ?is h>dly expla9s :y ! highe/ t]race (t5 /&s ne>ly z high z ! ramp>t4 ,nasmy?1 9 8 eruption hypo!sis1 sugge/s t 9 su* a case !re may h be5 two eruptions f ! same v5t2 "o p[]ful1 :i* =m$ ! ext]ior circle1 & a second1 r less p[]ful1 :i* has =m$ ! int]ior circle4 ,ultimately1 h[ev]1 com+ to ! conclusion t t]races1 z a rule1 are n due to any su* freaks ( ! eruption1 he ascribes !m to l&slips4 ,9 any case1 we c h>dly imag9e t mat]ial /&+ at su* a high angle ( incl9ation z t =m+ ! summit ridge ( _m ( ! r+-pla9s w\ld n frequ5tly slide d[n 9 great masses1 & ?us =m irregul> plateaus on ! l[] & flatt] portions ( ! slope2 b ?is fails to expla9 ! symmetrical arrangem5t ( ! conc5tric t]races & int]m$iate valleys4 ,! inn] declivity ( ! nor?-ea/]n wall ( ,plato exhibits :at to all appe>ance is an und\bt$ l&slip1 z does also t ( ,h]cules on ! nor!rn side1 & num]\s o!r cases might be adduc$2 b 9 all ( !m ! appe>ance is v diff]5t f t ( ! true t]race4 ,! glacis1 or out] slope ( a r+-pla91 is inv>iably ( a mu* g5tl] incl9ation ?an t :i* *>act]ises ! inn] declivity3 :ile ! latt] v frequ5tly desc5ds at an angle v>y+ f #fj deg4 to #ej deg4 at ! cre/ ( ! wall1 to f #aj deg4 to #b deg4 at ! bottom1 :]e x meets ! floor2 ! =m] ext5ds = a great di/ance at a v flat gradi5t be=e x s9ks to ! g5]al level ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,x diff]s likewise f ! inn] desc5t1 9 ! fact t1 ?\gh (t5 trav]s$ by valleys1 int]sect$ by deep gullies & irregul> depressions1 & cov]$ ) humpy excresc5ces & crat]s1 x is only r>ely t any features comp>able to ! t]races1 usually pres5t on ! inn] esc>pm5t1 c be trac$ ^u x4 ,elongat$ depressions ( irregul> outl9e1 & v v>iable 9 size & dep?1 are frequ5tly f\nd on ! out] slopes ( ! bord]4 ,"s ( !m consi/ ( great elliptical or sub-circul> cavities1 display+ _m expansions & contractions1 call$ pockets1 & sugge/+ ! idea t !y 7 orig9ally di/9ct cup-%ap$ holl[s1 :i* f "s cause or o!r h coalesc$ l r[s ( inosculat+ crat]s4 ,:ile _m ( ^! features are s deep t !y rema9 visible = a consid]able "t "u a l[ sun1 o!rs1 ?\gh p]haps ( great] ext5t1 vani% 9 an h\r or s4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! wall$-pla9s1 ! ramp>ts ( ! r+-pla9s exhibit gaps & are brok5 by crat]s & depressions1 b to a mu* less ext5t4 ,(t5 ! l(ty cre/1 surm\nt$ by aiguilles or by blunt] peaks1 t[]+ 9 "s cases to ne>ly d\ble its altitude above ! int]ior1 is p]fectly cont9u\s 7l ,cop]nicus71 or only int]rupt$ by n>r[ passes4 ,x is a sugge/ive circum/ance t gaps1 o!r ?an valleys1 are almo/ inv>iably f\nd ei!r 9 ! nor? or s\? walls1 or 9 bo?1 & seldom 9 o!r positions4 ,! buttress1 or long-ext5d+ spur1 is a feature frequ5tly associat$ ) ! r+- pla9 ramp>t1 z are also numb]s ( :at1 = ! lack ( a bett] "n1 mu/ be t]m$ little hillocks1 :i* g5]ally radiate 9 long r[s f ! out] foot ( ! slope4 ,! spurs usually abut on ! wall1 &1 ei!r spread+ out l ! /icks ( a fan or runn+ r\ghly p>allel to ea* o!r1 ext5d = long di/ances1 gradually dim9i%+ 9 height & wid? till !y die out on ! surr\nd+ surface4 ,!y h be5 comp>$ to lava /reams1 :i* ^? r\nd ,ari/illus1 ,ari/oteles1 & on ! flank ( ,clavius a1 c]ta9ly some:at resemble1 ?\gh1 9 ! two =m] in/ances1 !y are r comp>able to imm5se ridges4 ,9 addition to ! above1 ! spurs radiat+ f ! s\?-ea/]n ramp>t ( ,condam9e & ! long undulat+ ridges & r[s ( hillocks runn+ f ,cyrillus ov] ! ea/]n glacis ( ,!ophilus1 may be nam$ z v int]e/+ examples4 ,neison & "s o!r sel5ograph]s place 9 a di/9ct class c]ta9 ( ! small] r+-pla9s :i* usually h a /eep] out] slope1 & are suppos$ to pres5t cle>] indications ( a volcanic orig9 ?an ! r+-pla9s1 t]m+ !m ,crat]-pla9s4 ,,crat]s4--,"u ?is g5]ic "n is plac$ a va/ numb] ( =mations exhibit+ a great diff]5ce 9 size & outw>d *>act]i/ics1 ?\gh g5]ally 7"u mod]ate magnification7 ( a circul> or sub-circul> %ape4 ,_! diamet] v>ies f #ae miles or m to #c1 & ev5 less1 & _! flanks rise mu* m /eeply to ! summit1 :i* is seldom v l(ty1 ?an ^? ( ! r+-pla9s1 & fall m gradually to ! floor4 ,!re is no portion ( ! moon 9 :i* !y d n ab\nd1 :e!r x be on ! ramp>ts1 floors1 & out] slopes ( wall$ & r+ pla9s1 ! summits & esc>pm5ts ( m\nta9 ranges1 amid ! intricacies ( ! highl&s1 or on ! grey surface ( ! ,m>ia4 ,9 _m in/ances !y h a bright] & new] aspect ?an ! l>g] =mations1 (t5 be+ ! mo/ brilliant po9ts on _! walls1 :5 !y are f\nd 9 ?is position4 ,v frequ5tly too !y are n only v bright !mselves1 b /& on bright areas1 ^: bord]s are g5]ally conc5tric ) !m1 :i* %9e ) a gli/5+ lu/re1 & =m a k9d ( halo ( light ar\nd !m4 ,euclides & ,bess>ion ,a1 & ! crat]s ea/ ( ,l&sb]g1 are especially int]e/+ examples4 ,x seems n improbable t ^! areas may repres5t deposits =m$ by "s k9d ( matt] eject$ f ! crat]s1 b :e!r ( anci5t or mod]n date1 x is1 ( c\rse1 impossible to det]m9e4 ,future obs]v]s w p]haps be 9 a bett] position to decide ! "q )\t cavil1 if su* eruptions %\ld aga9 take place4 ,l ! l>g] enclosures1 ^! small] objects frequ5tly encroa* ^u ea* o!r-- crat]-r+ ov]lapp+ crat]-r+1 z 9 ! case ( ,!bit1 :]e a l>ge crat]1 :i* has int]f]$ ) ! cont9uity ( ! ea/ wall1 has1 9 its turn1 be5 di/urb$ by a small] crat] on its own ea/ wall4 ,! crat]s 9 _m cases1 possibly 9 ! majority if we c\ld detect !m1 h c5tral m\nta9s1 "s ( !m be+ excell5t te/s = telescopic def9ition--z1 = example1 ! c5tral peaks ( ,hort5sius1 ,bess>ion1 & t ( ! small crat] j m5tion$ on ! ea/ wall ( ,!bit ,a4 ,a t5d5cy to a l9e> arrangem5t is (t5 display$1 especially among ! small] class1 z is also _! occurr5ce 9 pairs4 ,,crat]-,,cones4--,^! objects1 pl5tifully di/ribut$ on ! lun> surface1 are especially int]e/+ f _! outw>d resemblance to ! p>asitic cones f\nd on ! flanks ( t]re/rial volcanoes 7,etna1 = in/ance74 ,9 ! l>g] examples x is occasionally possible to see t ! int]iors are ei!r inv]t$ cones )\t a floor1 or cup-%ap$ depressions on ! summit ( ! object4 ,frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 !y are s small t ! orifice c only be detect$ "u oblique illum9ation4 ,"u a high sun !y g5]ally appe> z :ite spots1 m or less ill- def9$1 z on ! floors ( ,ar*im$es1 ,fraca/orius1 ,plato1 & _m o!r =mations1 :i* include a great numb]1 all ( :i* are probably crat] cones1 al?\gh only a few h be5 se5 z su*4 ,x is a significant fact t 9 ^! situations !y are always f\nd to be closely associat$ ) ! light /reaks :i* trav]se ! int]ior ( ! =mations1 /&+ ei!r on _! surface or close to _! edges4 ,! in/rum5tal & meteorological requirem5ts necess>y = a successful scrut9y ( ! smalle/ type ( ^! features1 are beyond ! rea* ( ! ord9>y obs]v] 9 ?is c\ntry1 z !y dem& direct obs]vation 9 l>ge telescopes "u ! be/ atmosph]ic conditions4 ,"s ye>s ago ,dr4 ,kle9 ( ,cologne call$ att5tion to "s v int]e/+ types ( crat]-cones1 :i* may be f\nd on c]ta9 d>k or smoky-grey areas on ! moon4 ,^!1 he consid]s1 may probably repres5t active volcanic v5ts1 & urges t !y %\ld be dilig5tly exam9$ & wat*$ by obs]v]s :o possess telescopes adequate to ! task4 ,! mo/ notewor?y examples ( ^! objects are 9 ! foll[+ positions3--7#a7 ,we/ ( a prom95t ridge runn+ f ,beaumont to ! we/ side ( ,!ophilus1 & ab\t midway betwe5 ^! =mations2 7#b7 9 ! ,m>e ,vaporum1 s\? ( ,hyg9us2 7#c7 on ! floor ( ,w]n]1 ne> ! foot ( ! nor? wall2 7#d7 "u ! ea/ wall ( ,alphonsus1 on ! dusky pat* 9 ! int]ior2 7#e7 on ! s\? side ( ! floor ( ,atlas4 ,i h frequ5tly describ$ else:]e ) consid]able detail ! telescopic appe>ance ( ^! features "u v>i\s phases1 & h po9t$ out t ?\gh l>ge ap]tures & high p[]s are ne$$ to see ^! cones to advantage1 ! dusky areas1 easily trac$ on photograms1 might be usefully /udi$ by obs]v]s ) small] in/rum5ts1 z if !y repres5t ! ejecta f ! crat]-cones :i* /& ^u !m1 *anges 9 _! =m & ext5t c\ld v possibly be detect$4 ,9 addition to ^? already ref]r$ to1 a numb] ( my/]i\s d>k spots 7 discov]$ by ,s*midt 9 ! dusky region ab\t midway betwe5 ,cop]nicus & ,gamb>t1 :i* ,kle9 describes z p]=at$ l a sieve ) m9ute crat]s4 ,a %ort di/ance s\?-we/ ( ,cop]nicus /&s a bright crat]-cone surr\nd$ by a grey nimbus1 :i* may be class$ ) ^! objects4 ,x is well se5 "u a high light1 z inde$ is ! case ) mo/ ( ^! features4 ,,crat]lets1 ,,crat]-,,pits4--,to a great ext5t ! =m] t]m is ne$less & mislead+1 z ! s-call$ crat]s m]ge by imp]ceptible gradations into v m9ute objects1 z small z half a mile 9 diamet]1 & mo/ probably1 if we c\ld m accurately e/imate _! size1 /ill less4 ,! crat]-pit1 h[ev]1 has well-m>k$ peculi>ities :i* di/+ui% x f all o!r types1 su* z ! abs5ce ( a di/+ui%able rim & extreme %all[ness4 ,!y appe> to be mo/ num]\s on ! high-level pla9s & plateaus 9 ! s\?-we/]n quadrant1 & may be c\nt$ by hundr$s "u good atmosph]ic conditions on ! out] slopes ( ,walt]1 ,clavius1 & o!r l>ge enclosures4 ,9 ^! positions !y are (t5 s closely aggregat$ t1 z ,nasmy? rem>ks1 !y rem9d "o ( an accumulation ( fro?4 ,ev5 9 an #h #a_/b in* reflector ,i h frequ5tly se5 ! out] slope ( ! l>ge r+-pla9 on ! nor?-we/]n side ( ,v5del9us1 s p]=at$ ) ^! objects t x resembl$ pumice or vesicul> lava1 _m ( ! little holes be+ evid5tly n circul>1 b squ>e %ap$ & v irregul>4 ,! int]ior ( ,/adius & ! region outside ab\nds 9 ^! m9ute features1 b ! well-kn[n crat]-r[ betwe5 ?is =mation & ,cop]nicus seems r to consi/ ( a numb] ( inosculat+ crat]-cones1 z !y /& v evid5tly on a rais$ bank ( "s altitude4 ,,m\nta9 ,,ranges1 ,,isolat$ ,,m\nta9s1 c4--,! m massive & ext5d$ m\nta9 ranges ( ! moon are f\nd 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & 7:at is significant7 9 t portion ( x :i* exhibits few indications ( o!r sup]ficial di/urbances4 ,! mo/ prom95tly develop$ sy/ems1 ! ,alps1 ! ,caucasus1 & ! ,ap5n9es1 =m+ a mighty we/]n ramp>t to ! ,m>e ,imbrium & giv+ x all ! appe>ance ( a va/ wall$ pla91 pres5t few po9ts ( resemblance to any t]re/rial *a94 ,! =m] include _m hundr$ peaks1 among :i*1 ,mont ,blanc rises to a height ( #ab1jjj feet1 & a second1 "s di/ance we/ ( ,plato1 to ne>ly z great an altitude2 :ile o!rs1 rang+ f #ejjj to #hjjj feet1 are common4 ,!y ext5d 9 a s\?-we/ direction f ,plato to ! ,caucasus1 t]m9at+ some:at abruptly1 a little we/ ( ! c5tral m]idian1 9 ab\t ,n4 lat4 #db deg4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ features associat$ ) ?is range is ! s-call$ great ,alp9e valley1 :i* cuts ?r\gh x we/ ( ,plato4 ,! ,caucasus consi/ ( a massive w$ge-%ap$ m\nta9 l&1 project+ s\?w>ds1 & p>tially divid+ ! ,m>e ,imbrium f ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 bo? ( :i* !y flank4 ,?\gh )\t peaks s l(ty z ^? p]ta9+ to ! ,alps1 !re is "o1 imm$iately ea/ ( ! r+-pla9 ,calippus1 :i*1 t[]+ to #ai1jjj feet1 surpasses any ( :i* ! latt] sy/em c boa/4 ,! ,ap5n9es1 h[ev]1 are by f> ! mo/ magnific5t range on ! visible surface1 includ+ z !y d "s #cjjj peaks1 & ext5d+ 9 an almo/ cont9u\s curve ( m ?an #djj miles 9 l5g? f ,m\nt ,hadley1 on ! nor?1 to ! f9e r+-pla9 ,erato/h5es1 :i* =ms a fitt+ t]m9ation1 on ! s\?4 ,! great headl& ,m\nt ,hadley rises m ?an #ae1jjj feet1 :ile a neighb\r+ promontory on ! s\?-ea/ ( x is fully #ad1jjj feet1 & ano!r1 close by1 is /ill high] above ! ,m>e4 ,m\nt ,huyg5s1 aga91 9 ,n4 lat4 #bj deg41 & ! squ>e-%ap$ mass ,m\nt ,wolf1 ne> ! s\!rn end ( ! *a91 include peaks /&+ #ah1jjj & #ab1jjj feet respectively above ! pla91 to :i* _! flanks desc5d ) a /eep declivity4 ,! c\nt]sc>p ( ! ,ap5n9es1 9 places #afj miles 9 wid? f ea/ to we/1 runs d[n to ! ,m>e ,vaporum ) a comp>atively g5tle incl9ation4 ,x is ev]y:]e trav]s$ by w9d+ valleys ( a v intricate type1 all tr5d+ t[>ds ! s\?-we/1 & includes "s bright crat]s & m\nta9-r+s4 ,! ,c>pa?ians1 =m+ 9 "p ! s\!rn bord] ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 ext5d = a l5g? ( m ?an #ahj miles ea/w>d ( ,e41 long4 #af deg41 &1 embrac+ ! r+-pla9 ,gay- ,lussac1 t]m9ate we/ ( ,may]4 ,!y pres5t a less def9ite front to ! ,m>e ?an ! ,ap5n9es1 & are brok5 up & divid$ by irregul> valleys & gaps2 _! l(tie/ peak1 situat$ on a v project+ promontory nor?-we/ ( ,may]1 ris+ to a height ( #gjjj feet4 ,not)/&+ _! comp>atively l[ altitude1 ! region !y occupy =ms a f9e telescopic picture at lun> sunrise4 ,! ,s9us ,iridum highl&s1 bord]+ ! beautiful bay on ! nor?-ea/ side ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 rank among ! l(tie/ & mo/ intricate sy/ems on ! moon1 &1 l ! ,ap5n9es1 pres5t a /eep face to ! grey pla9 f :i* !y rise1 ?\gh diff]+ f !m 9 o!r respects4 ,!y include _m high peaks1 ! l(tie/1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! r+- pla9 ,%>p1 ris+ #ae1jjj feet4 ,!re are probably "s /ill high] m\nta9s 9 ! vic9ity1 b ! difficulties att5d+ _! measurem5t r5d] x impossible to det]m9e _! altitude ) any approa* to accuracy4 ,! ,taurus ,m\nta9s ext5d f ! we/ side ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 ne> ,le ,monni] & ,littr[1 9 a nor?-we/]ly direction t[>ds ,gem9us & ,b]selius1 bord]+ ! we/ side ( ! ,lacus ,somniorum4 ,!y are a f> less rem>kable sy/em ?an any ( ! prec$+1 & consi/ r ( a wild irregul> m\nta9 region ?an a range4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,b]selius are "s peaks :i*1 accord+ to ,neison1 _c be less ?an #aj1jjj feet 9 height4 ,on ! nor? side ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 ea/ ( ,plato1 !re is a beautiful n>r[ range ( bright outly+ heights1 call$ ! ,t5]iffe ,m\nta9s1 :i* include _m isolat$ objects ( consid]able altitude1 "o ( ! l(tie/ ris+ ab\t #hjjj feet4 ,f>!r t[>ds ! ea/ lies ano!r gr\p ( a v simil> "*1 call$ ! ,/raight ,range1 f its l9e> regul>ity4 ,x ext5ds f we/ to ea/ = a di/ance ( ab\t #fj miles1 be+ a few miles %ort] ?an ! la/1 & includes a peak ( #fjjj feet4 ,! ,h>b+] ,m\nta9s4--,a rem>kable gr\p1 nor?-we/ ( ,ari/>*us1 includ+ "s peaks z high z #gjjj feet1 & o!r details notic$ 9 ! catalogue4 ,! above comprise all ! m\nta9 ranges 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e ( any prom95ce1 or :i* h receiv$ di/9ctive names1 except ! ,h]cynian ,m\nta9s1 on ! nor?-ea/ limb1 ea/ ( ! wall$ pla9 ,otto ,/ruve4 ,^! are too ne> ! edge to be well obs]v$1 b1 f :at c be se5 ( !m1 !y appe> to ab\nd 9 l(ty peaks1 & to be> m resemblance to a t]re/rial *a9 ?an any :i* h yet be5 ref]r$ to4 ,! m\nta9 sy/ems ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 except ! ranges visible on ! limb1 are f> less impos+ & rem>kable ?an ^? j describ$4 ,! ,pyr5ees1 on ! we/]n side ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 ext5d 9 a m]idional direction = ne>ly #aij miles1 & include a peak ea/ ( ,guttemb]g ( ne>ly #ab1jjj feet1 & are trav]s$ 9 _m places by f9e valleys4 ,! ,altai ,m\nta9s =m a magnific5t *a91 #bge miles 9 l5g?1 comm5c+ on ! out] ea/]n slope ( ,piccolom9i1 & foll[+ a tol]ably direct nor?-ea/ c\rse1 ) a few m9or b5d+s1 to ! we/ side ( ,f]mat1 :]e !y turn m t[>ds ! nor?1 ultimately t]m9at+ ab\t midway betwe5 ,tacitus & ,ca!r9a4 ,! region situat$ on ! s\?-ea/ is a great table-l&1 )\t any prom95t features1 ris+ g5tly t[>ds ! m\nta9s1 :i* %elve /eeply d[n to an equally b>r5 expanse on ! nor?-we/1 to :i* !y pres5t a l(ty face1 hav+ an av]age altitude ( ab\t #fjjj feet4 ,! l(tie/ peak1 ov] #ac1jjj feet1 rises we/ ( ,f]mat4 ,! ,riphaean ,m\nta9s1 a rem>kably bright gr\p1 occupy+ an isolat$ position 9 ! ,m>e ,procell>um s\? ( ,l&sb]g1 & ext5d+ = m ?an #ajj miles 9 a m]idional direction4 ,!y are mo/ closely aggregat$ at a po9t ne>ly due we/ ( ,euclides1 f :i* !y ?r[ (f long-bran*+ arms to ! nor? & s\?1 ^? on ! nor? bifurcat+ & gradually s9k+ to ! level ( ! pla94 ,! l(tie/ peaks are ne> ! extremity ( ?is section1 "o ( !m ris+ to #cjjj feet4 ,two bright crat]s are associat$ ) ^! m\nta9s1 "o ne>ly c5tral1 & ! o!r s\? ( x4 ,! ,p]cy ,m\nta9s4--,?is "n is giv5 to ! bright highl&s ext5d+ ea/ ( ,gass5di t[>ds ,m]s5ius1 =m+ ! nor?-ea/]n bord] ( ! ,m>e ,humorum4 ,!y ab\nd 9 m9ute detail--bright little m\nta9s & ridges--& include "s clefts p]ta9+ to ! ,m]s5ius rill-sy/em2 b _! mo/ notewor?y feature is ! long bright m\nta9-arm1 bran*+ out f ! ea/]n wall ( ,gass5di1 & ext5d+ = m ?an #ej miles t[>ds ! s\?-ea/4 ,! pr9cipal ranges on ! limb are ! ,leibnitz ,m\nta9s1 ext5d+ f ,s4 lat4 #gj deg4 on ! we/ to ,s4 lat4 #hj deg4 on ! ea/ limb4 ,!y include "s giant peaks & plateaus1 notewor?y objects 9 pr(ile1 "s ( :i*1 accord+ to ,s*rot] & ,madl]1 rise to #bf1jjj feet4 ,! ,dorfel ,m\nta9s1 betwe5 ,s4 lat4 #hj deg4 & #eg deg4 on ! ea/]n limb1 include1 if ,s*rot]'s e/imate is correct1 ?ree peaks :i* exce$ #bf1jjj feet4 ,on ! ea/]n limb1 betwe5 ,s4 lat4 #ce deg4 & #ah deg41 ext5d ! ,rook ,m\nta9s1 :i* h peaks1 accord+ to ,s*rot]1 z high z #be1jjj feet4 ,next 9 ord] come ! ,cordill]as1 :i* ext5d to ,s4 lat4 #h deg41 & ! ,d',alemb]t ,m\nta9s1 ly+ ea/ ( ,rocca & ,grimaldi1 closely associat$ ) !m1 & probably "p ( ! same sy/em4 ,"s ( ! peaks approa* #bj1jjj feet4 ,9 addition to ^! m\nta9 ranges !re are o!rs less prom95t on ! limb 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 :i* h n be5 nam$4 ,,isolat$ ,,m\nta9s are v num]\s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! moon1 ! mo/ rem>kable are ref]r$ to 9 ! app5dix4 ,_m rema9 unnam$4 ,,clefts ,,or ,,rills4--,?\gh ,font5elle1 9 8 ,entreti5s sur la ,pluralite des ,mondes1 in=ms 8 pupil1 ! ,m>*ioness1 t ,m4 ,cass9i discov]$ 9 ! moon some?+ :i* sep>ates1 !n reunites1 & f9ally loses itself 9 a cavity1 :i* f its appe>ance seem$ to be a riv]1 x c h>dly be suppos$ t :at ! ,fr5* a/ronom] saw1 or fanci$ he saw1 ) ! imp]fect telescopes ( t day1 0 "o ( ! rem>kable & enigmatical furr[s t]m$ clefts or rills1 fir/ detect$ by ! ,hanov]ian sel5ograph] ,s*rot]2 :o1 on ,octob] #g1 #aghg1 discov]$ ! v curi\s s]p5t9e cleft ne> ,h]odotus1 hav+ a few nights be=e not$ = ! fir/ "t ! great ,alp9e valley we/ ( ,plato1 once class$ ) ! clefts1 ?\gh x is an object ( a v diff]5t k9d4 ,betwe5 #aghg & #agig ,s*rot] f\nd t5 rills2 b tw5ty ye>s elaps$ be=e an addition 0 made to ?is numb] by ! discov]ies ( ,grui?uis51 &1 a %ort "t aft]1 by ^? ( ,lohrmann1 :o 9 twelve mon?s 7#ahbc-bd7 detect$ sev5ty4 ,k9au1 ,madl]1 & f9ally ,s*midt1 foll[$1 till1 9 #ahff1 :5 ! latt] publi%$ 8 "w1 ,ueb] ,rill5 auf dem ,monde1 ! li/ 0 ?us summ>is$3-- ,9 ! #a/ or ,n4,w4 quadrant #abg rills ,9 ! #bnd or ,n4,e4 quadrant #ge rills ,9 ! #crd or ,s4,e4 quadrant #ada rills ,9 ! #d? or ,s4,w4 quadrant #hb rills or #dbe 9 all4 ,s9ce ! date ( ?is book ! numb] ( kn[n rills has be5 m ?an d\bl$2 9 fact1 sc>cely a lunation passes )\t new discov]ies be+ made4 ,! significance ( ! ^w rille 9 ,g]man1 a groove or furr[1 describes ) consid]able accuracy ! usual appe>ance ( ! objects to :i* x is appli$1 consi/+ z !y d ( long n>r[ *annels1 ) sides m or less /eep1 & sometimes v]tical4 ,!y (t5 ext5d = hundr$s ( miles 9 approximately /raight l9es ov] portions ( ! moon's surface1 frequ5tly trav]s+ 9 _! c\rse ridges1 crat]s1 & ev5 m =midable ob/acles1 )\t any app>5t *eck or int]ruption1 ?\gh _! ends are sometimes m>k$ by a m\nd or crat]4 ,_! l5g? ranges f t5 or twelve to ?ree hundr$ miles or m 7z 9 ! great ,sirsalis rill71 _! bread?1 :i* is v v>iable )9 c]ta9 limits1 f less ?an half a mile to m ?an two1 & _! dep? 7:i* mu/ necess>ily rema9 to a great ext5t problematical7 f #ajj to #djj y>ds4 ,!y exhibit 9 ! telescope a gradation f some:at co>se grooves1 easily visible at suitable times 9 v mod]ately siz$ in/rum5ts1 to /riae s delicate z to require ! l>ge/ & mo/ p]fect optical means & ! be/ atmosph]ic conditions to be glimps$ at all4 ,view$ "u mod]ate amplification1 ! majority ( rills resemble deep canal-l *annels ) r\ghly p>allel sides1 display+ occasionally local irregul>ities1 & f9+ (f to invisibility at "o or bo? ends4 ,b1 if critically scrut9is$ 9 ! be/ obs]v+ wea!r ) high p[]s1 ! app>5t ev5ness ( _! edges entirely disappe>s1 & we f9d t ! latt] exhibit ind5tations1 projections1 & little flexures1 l ! banks ( an ord9>y /ream or rivulet1 or1 to use a v homely simile1 ! s]rat$ edges & little jagg$ irregul>ities ( a biscuit brok5 across4 ,9 "s cases we rem>k crat]i=m holl[s or sudd5 expansions 9 _! c\rse1 & deep s9u\s rav9es1 :i* r5d] !m /ill m unsymmetrical & v>iable 9 bread?4 ,) reg>d to _! di/ribution on ! lun> surface2 !y are f\nd 9 almo/ e region1 b p]haps n s frequ5tly on ! surface ( ! ,m>ia z else:]e1 ?\gh1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,triesneck] & o!r sy/ems1 !y (t5 ab\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( di/urb$ regions 9 ^! pla9s1 & 9 _m cases along _! m>g9s1 z1 = example1 ! ,gass5di-,m]s5ius & ! ,sab9e-,ritt] gr\ps4 ,! int]ior ( wall$ pla9s are frequ5tly int]sect$ by !m1 z 9 ,gass5di1 :]e ne>ly =ty1 m or less delicate examples1 h be5 se52 9 ,hevel1 :]e !re is a v int]e/+ sy/em ( cross$ clefts1 & )9 ,posidonius4 ,if we /udy any good mod]n lun> map1 x is evid5t h[ con/antly !y appe> ne> ! bord]s ( m\nta9 ranges1 wall$-pla9s1 & r+-pla9s2 z1 = in/ance1 at ! foot ( ! ,ap5n9es2 ne> ,ar*im$es1 ,ari/>*us1 ,ramsd51 & 9 _m o!r simil> positions4 ,rugg$ highl&s also are (t5 trav]s$ by !m1 z 9 ! case ( ^? ly+ we/ ( ,le ,monni] & ,*acornac1 & 9 ! region we/ ( ! ,m>e ,humorum4 ,x may be "h rem>k$1 h[ev]1 z a notable fact1 t ! neighb\rhood ( ! gr&e/ r+-m\nta9 on ! moon1 ,cop]nicus1 is1 /range to say1 devoid ( any features :i* c be class$ z true clefts1 ?\gh x ab\nds 9 crat]-r[s4 ,! intricate network ( rills on ! we/ ( ,triesneck]1 :5 obs]v$ ) a l[ p[]1 rem9ds "o ( ! wr9kles on ! r9d ( an orange or on ! sk9 ( a )]$ apple4 ,grui?uis51 describ+ ! rill-trav]s$ region betwe5 ,agrippa & ,hyg9us1 says t x has q ! look ( a ,dut* canal map4 ,9 ! subjo9$ catalogue _m detail$ examples w be giv5 relat+ to ! c\rse ( ^! my/]i\s furr[s2 h[ !y occasionally trav]se m\nta9 arms1 cut ?r\gh1 ei!r completely or p>tially 7z 9 ,ramsd571 ! bord]s ( r+-pla9s & o!r enclosures1 :ile n unfrequ5tly a small m\nd or simil> feature appe>s to h caus$ !m to sw]ve sudd5ly f _! pa?1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,ariadaeus cleft1 & 9 t ( "o memb] ( ! ,m]cator-,campanus sy/em4 ,( ! actual nature ( ! lun> rills we are1 x mu/ be confess$1 supremely ignorant4 ,) "s ( ! e>ly obs]v]s x 0 a v fav\rite notion t !y are artificial works1 con/ruct$ presumably by ,kepl]'s sub-volvani1 or by o!r intellig5ces4 ,!re is p]haps "s excuse to be made = ! freaks ( an exub]ant fancy 9 reg>d to objects :i*1 if we ignore = a mom5t _! enorm\s dim5sions1 judg$ by a t]re/rial /&>d1 c]ta9ly h1 9 _! app>5t abs5ce ( any physical relation to neighb\r+ objects1 all ! appe>ance ( be+ works ( art r ?an ( nature4 ,! ke5-sight$ & v imag9ative ,grui?uis5 believ$ t 9 "s in/ances !y repres5t roads cut ?r\gh int]m9able =e/s1 & 9 o!rs ! dri$-up b$s ( once mighty riv]s4 ,8 description ( ! ,triesneck] rill-sy/em reads l a page f a geographical prim]4 ,a portion ( x is comp>$ to ! riv] ,po1 & he traces its c\rse mile by mile up to ! delta at its place ( disemboguem5t into ! ,m>e ,vaporum4 ,f ! position ( "s rills ) respect to ! cont\r ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 x is evid5t t if wat] 7 n[ pres5t on ! moon1 !y1 be+ situat$ at ! l[e/ level1 w\ld =m natural *annels = its reception2 b ! exceptions to ?is arrangem5t are s num]\s & obvi\s1 t ! idea may be at once dismiss$ t !re is any analogy betwe5 !m & our riv]s4 ,! em95t sel5ograph]1 ! late ,w4,k4 ,birt1 comp>$ _m ( !m to inv]t$ riv]-b$s f ! fact t1 z (t5 z n1 !y become broad] & deep] z !y atta9 a high] level4 ,! bran*es resemble riv]s m frequ5tly ?an ! ma9 *annels2 = !y g5]ally comm5ce z v f9e grooves1 &1 becom+ broad] & broad]1 jo9 !m at an acute angle4 ,an attempt aga9 has be5 made to comp>e ! lun> clefts ) ^? va/ gorges1 ! m>vell\s results ( aque\s action1 call$ canyons1 :i* atta9 _! greate/ dim5sions 9 ,nor? ,am]ica2 su* z ! ,great ,canyon ( ! ,colorado1 :i* is at lea/ #cjj miles 9 l5g?1 & 9 places #bjjj y>ds 9 dep?1 ) p]p5dicul> or ev5 ov]hang+ sides2 b ! analogy1 at fir/ sight speci\s1 utt]ly breaks d[n "u clos] exam9ation4 ,"s sel5ograph]s consid] !m to consi/ ( long-ext5d+ r[s ( conflu5t crat]s1 too m9ute to be sep>ately di/+ui%$1 & to be ?us due to "s k9d ( volcanic action4 ,?is is und\bt$ly true 9 _m in/ances1 = almo/ e lun> region af=ds examples ( crat]- r[s m]g+ by almo/ imp]ceptible gradations into cleft-l features1 & crat]-r[s ( consid]able size resemble clefts "u l[ p[]s4 ,/ill x seems probable t ! great] numb] ( ^! features are imm5se furr[s or cracks 9 ! surface & no?+ m2 = ! high] ! magnify+ p[] employ$ 9 _! exam9ation1 ! less reason !re is to object to ?is description4 ,dr4 ,kle9 ( ,cologne believes t rills ( ?is class are due to ! %r9kage ( p>ts ( ! moon's cru/1 & t !y are n z a rule ! result ( volcanic causes1 ?\gh he admits t !re may be "s :i* h a seismic orig94 ,no good reason has z yet be5 giv5 = ! fact t !y s frequ5tly cross small crat]s & o!r objects 9 _! c\rse1 ?\gh x has be5 sugge/$ t ! r\te foll[$ by a rill f crat] to crat] 9 ^! in/ances may be a l9e ( lea/ surface resi/ance1 an explanation f> f be+ satisfactory4 ,:e!r v>iations 9 ! visibility ( lun> details1 :5 obs]v$ "u app>5tly simil> conditions1 actually occur f "t to "t f "s unkn[n cause1 is "o ( ^? vex$ que/ions :i* w only be det]m9$ :5 ! moon is sy/ematically /udi$ by exp]i5c$ obs]v]s us+ ! f9e/ in/rum5ts at exceptionally good /ations2 b no "o :o exam9es exi/+ records ( obs]vations ( rills by ,grui?uis51 ,lohrmann1 ,madl]1 ,s*midt1 & o!r obs]v]s1 c well avoid ! conclusion t ! anomalies br\ght to light !re9 po9t /rongly to ! probability ( ! exi/5ce ( "s ag5cy :i* occasionally modifies _! appe>ance or entirely conceals !m f view4 ,! foll[+ is "o illu/ration out ( _m :i* might be quot$4 ,at a po9t 9 its c\rse1 ne>ly due nor? ( ! r+-pla9 ,agrippa1 ! great ,ariadaeus cleft s5ds out a bran* :i* runs into ! well-kn[n ,hyg9us cleft1 rem9d+ "o1 z ,dr4 ,kle9 rem>ks1 ( two riv]s connect$ 9 ! %orte/ way by a canal4 ,?is unit+ furr[ 0 detect$ by ,grui?uis51 :o obs]v$ x sev]al times4 ,on "s occasions x appe>$ p]fectly /raight1 at o!rs v irregul>2 b1 :at is v rem>kable1 al?\gh two su* accurate obs]v]s z ,lohrmann & ,madl] frequ5tly scrut9is$ ! region1 nei!r ( !m saw a trace ( ?is object2 & b = its r$iscov]y by ,s*midt 9 #ahfb1 its exi/5ce w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 ignor$ by sel5ograph]s z a m]e figm5t ( ,grui?uis5's too lively imag9ation4 ,dr4 ,kle9 has frequ5tly se5 ?is rill ) great di/9ctness1 & at o!r times s\ght = x 9 va92 ?\gh on ea* occasion ! conditions ( illum9ation1 libration1 & def9ition 7 practically simil>4 ,i h sometimes f\nd ?is cleft an easy object ) a #d in* a*romatic4 ,aga91 _m rills describ$ by ,madl] z v delicate & difficult to trace1 may n[ be easily foll[$ 9 common telescopes4 ,9 %ort1 ! m direct telescopic obs]vations accumulate1 & ! m ! /udy ( m9ute detail is ext5d$1 ! /rong] becomes ! conviction1 t 9 spite ( ! abs5ce ( an appreciable atmosph]e1 !re may be some?+ resembl+ l[-ly+ exhalations f "s p>ts ( ! surface :i* f "t to "t are suffici5tly d5se to obscure1 or ev5 oblit]ate1 ! region b5ea? !m4 ,if1 z seems mo/ probable1 ^! gigantic cracks are due to contractions ( ! moon's surface1 x is n impossible1 9 spite ( ! ass]tions ( ! text-books to ! effect t our satellite is n[ a *angeless _w1 t emanations may proce$ f ^! fissures1 ev5 if1 "u ! mon?ly alt]nations ( extreme temp]atures1 surface *anges d n n[ occasionally take place f ?is cause also4 ,%\ld ?is be s1 ! appe>ance ( new rills & ! ext5sion & modification ( ^? already exi/+ may reasonably be look$ =4 ,_m in/ances might be adduc$ t5d+ to confirm ?is supposition1 to "o ( :i*1 z com+ "u my notice1 ,i w briefly ref]4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ,novemb] #aa1 #ahhc1 :5 exam9+ ! int]ior ( ! great r+-pla9 ,m]s5ius ) a p[] ( #cej on an #h #a_/b in* reflector2 9 addition to ! two closely p>allel clefts discov]$ by ,s*midt1 runn+ f ! inn] foot ( ! nor?-ea/]n ramp>t t[>ds ! c5tre1 ,i rem>k$ ano!r di/9ct cleft cross+ ! nor!rn "p ( ! floor f side to side4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 ,m4 ,gaudib]t1 "o ( our mo/ exp]i5c$ sel5ograph]s1 :o has discov]$ _m hi!rto unrecord$ clefts1 hav+ se5 my draw+1 se>*$ = ?is object1 &1 ?\gh ! night 0 f> f fav\rable1 _h di/9ct ?\gh brief glimpses ( x ) ! mod]ate magnify+ p[] ( #ajj4 ,m]s5ius is a =mation ab\t #dj miles 9 diamet]1 ) a prom95tly convex int]ior1 conta9+ mu* detail :i* has receiv$ m ?an ord9>y att5tion f obs]v]s4 ,x has1 moreov]1 be5 specially mapp$ by ,s*midt & o!rs1 yet no trace ( ?is rill 0 not$1 ?\gh objects mu* m m9ute & difficult h n be5 ov]look$4 ,does n an in/ance ( ?is k9d raise a well-gr\nd$ suspicion ( rec5t *ange :i* x is difficult to expla9 away8 ,to see ! lun> clefts to ! be/ advantage1 !y mu/ be look$ = :5 n v f> remov$ f ! t]m9ator1 z :5 s situat$ ! black %ad[ ( "o side1 contra/$ ) ! usually brightly- illum9at$ opposite flank1 r5d]s !m m conspicu\s ?an :5 !y are view$ "u a high] sun4 ,?\gh1 z a rule1 invisible at full moon1 "s ( ! co>s] clefts--z1 = example1 a portion ( ! ,hyg9us furr[1 & t nor? ( ,birt--may be trac$ z delicate :ite l9es "u a ne>ly v]tical light4 ,= prop]ly obs]v+ ^! objects1 a p[] ( n less ?an #cjj on telescopes ( l>ge ap]ture is ne$$2 & 9 /udy+ _! m9ute & delicate details1 we are p]haps m dep5d5t on atmosph]ic conditions ?an 9 foll[+ up any o!r bran* ( obs]vational a/ronomy4 ,few inde$ are ! nights1 9 our climate at any rate1 :5 ! r\gh1 irregul> "* ( ! /eep int]ior ( ev5 ! co>s] examples ( ^! imm5se *asms c be /eadily se54 ,we c only hope to obta9 a m p]fect insight into _! actual /ructural peculi>ities :5 !y are scrut9is$ "u m p]fect climatic circum/ances ?an !y h be5 hi!rto4 ,:5 obs]v+ ! ,hyg9us cleft1 ,dr4 ,kle9 notic$ t at "o place ! declivities ( ! int]ior display$ decid$ diff]5ces ( t9t4 ,at _m po9ts ! reflect$ sunlight 0 ( a di/9ctly yell[ hue1 :ile 9 o!r places x 0 :ite1 z if ! cliffs 7 cov]$ ) sn[4 ,he comp>es ?is portion ( ! rill to ! ,rh9e valley betwe5 ,b+5 & ,cobl5tz1 b adds t ! latt]1 if view$ f ! moon1 w\ld probably n pres5t s fre% an appe>ance1 & w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be frequ5tly obscur$ by cl\ds4 ,s9ce ! erection ( ! great ,lick telescope on ,m\nt ,hamilton1 our k ( ! details ( "s ( ! lun> clefts has be5 greatly increas$1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,ariadaeus cleft1 & _m o!rs4 ,pr(essor ,w4,h4 ,pick]+1 also1 at ,arequipa1 has made at t ideal a/ronomical site _m obs]vations :i*1 :5 publi%$1 w ?r[ m light ^u _! peculi> *>act]i/ics4 ,a few ye>s ago ,m4,e4,l4 ,tr\velot ( ,meudon drew att5tion to a curi\s appe>ance :i* he not$ 9 connection ) c]ta9 rills :5 ne> ! t]m9ator1 viz41 extremely att5uat$ ?reads ( light on _! sites & _! app>5t prolongations4 ,he obs]v$ x 9 ! r+-pla9 ,eudoxus1 cross+ ! s\!rn side ( ! floor f wall to wall2 & also 9 connection ) ! prom95t cleft runn+ f ! nor? side ( ,burg to ! we/ ( ,alex&]1 & 9 "s o!r situations4 ,he t]ms ^! ph5om5a ,murs enigmatiques4 ,app>5t prolongations ( clefts 9 ! =m ( r[s ( hillocks or small m\nds are v common4 ,,faults4--,^! sudd5 drops 9 ! surface1 repres5t+ local dislocations1 are f> f unusual3 ! be/ examples be+ ! /raight wall1 or railroad1 we/ ( ,birt2 t :i* /rikes obliquely across ,plato2 ano!r :i* trav]ses ,phocylides2 & a f\r? t has manife/ly modifi$ ! m\nta9 arm nor? ( ,ci*us4 ,!y diff] f ! t]re/rial ph5om5a s designat$ 9 ! fact t ! surface indications ( ^! are de/roy$ by d5udation or mask$ by deposits ( subsequ5t date4 ,9 _m cases on ! moon1 ?\gh its c\rse _c be trac$ 9 its entirety by its %ad[1 yet ! exi/5ce ( a fault may be inf]r$ by ! displacem5t & fracture ( neighb\r+ objects4 ,,valleys4--,features ?us designat$1 diff]+ greatly bo? 9 size & "*1 are met ) 9 almo/ e "p ( ! surface1 except on ! grey pla9s4 ,:ile ! smalle/ examples1 f _! delicacy1 t5uity1 & sup]ficial resemblance to rills1 are t]m$ rill-valleys1 ! l>g] & m conspicu\s assume ! appe>ance ( co>se *asms1 gorges1 or tr\gh-l depressions4 ,betwe5 ^! two extremes1 are _m objects ( mod]ate dim5sions--w9d+ or /raight rav9es & defiles b\nd$ by /eep m\nta9s1 & %all[ dales flank$ by l[ r\nd$ heights4 ,! rill valleys are v num]\s1 only diff]+ 9 _m in/ances f ! true rills 9 size1 & are probably due to ! same cause4 ,among ! mo/ notewor?y valleys ( ! l>ge/ class mu/1 ( c\rse1 be plac$ ! great valley ( ! ,alps1 "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ objects 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 :i* also includes ! great valley s\?-ea/ ( ,uk]t4 ,! ,rheita valley1 ! v simil> *asm we/ ( ,rei*5ba*1 & ! gorge we/ ( ,h]s*el1 are also notable examples 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,! bord]s ( "s ( ! ,m>ia 7especially t ( ! ,m>e ,crisium7 & ( _m ( ! depress$ rimless =mations1 furni% in/ances ( w9d+ valleys int]sect+ _! bord]s3 ! hilly regions likewise (t5 ab\nd 9 long bran*+ defiles4 ,,bright ,,ray-,,sy/ems4--,ref]5ce has already be5 made to ! fa9t light /reaks & m>k+s (t5 f\nd on ! floors ( ! r+-m\nta9s & 9 o!r situations1 & to ! brilliant nimbi surr\nd+ "s ( ! small] crat]s2 b1 9 addition to ^!1 _m objects on ! moon's visible surface are associat$ ) a mu* m rem>kable & conspicu\s ph5om5on--! bright rays :i*1 "u a high sun1 are se5 ei!r to radiate f !m z app>5t c5tres to great di/ances1 or1 9 ! =m ( irregul> light areas1 to environ !m1 & to ?r[ out wide-spread+ lucid beams1 ext5d+ occasionally _m hundr$s ( miles f _! orig94 ,! m /rik+ ( ^! sy/ems 7 recognis$ & drawn at a v e>ly /age ( telescopic obs]vation1 z may be se5 if we consult ! qua9t old *>ts ( ,hevel1 ,riccioli1 ,fontana1 & o!r obs]v]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :]e !y are always prom95tly1 ?\gh v inaccurately1 portray$4 ,! pr9cipal ray-sy/ems are ^? ( ,ty*o1 ,cop]nicus1 ,kepl]1 ,anaxagoras1 ,ari/>*us1 ,olb]s1 ,byrgius ,a1 & ,zu*ius2 :ile ,autolycus1 ,ari/illus1 ,proclus1 ,timo*>is1 ,furn]ius ,a1 & ,m5elaus are gr\p$ z con/itut+ m9or sy/ems4 ,_m additional c5tres exi/1 a li/ ( :i* w be f\nd 9 ! app5dix4 ,! rays emanat+ f ,ty*o surpass 9 ext5t & int]e/ any ( ! o!rs4 ,hundr$s ( di/9ct light /reaks orig9ate r\nd ! grey m>g9 ( ?is magnific5t object1 "s ( !m ext5d+ ov] a great] "p ( ! moon's visible sup]ficies1 & radiat+1 9 ! words ( ,pr(essor ,phillips1 l false m]idians1 or l m]idians true to an e>li] pole ( rotation4 ,no sy/ematic attempt has yet be5 made to map !m accurately z a :ole on a l>ge scale1 = _! extreme intricacy & delicacy w\ld r5d] ! task a v difficult "o1 &1 moreov]1 w\ld dem& a long c\rse ( obs]vation ) a p[]ful telescope 9 an ideal situation2 b ,pr(essor ,w4,h4 ,pick]+1 obs]v+ "u ^! conditions at ,arequipa1 has rec5tly devot$ consid]able att5tion bo? to ! ,ty*o & o!r rays1 ) especially sugge/ive & important results1 :i* may be briefly summ>is$ z foll[s3-- 7#a47 ,t ! ,ty*o /reaks d n radiate f ! app>5t c5tre ( ?is =mation1 b po9t t[>ds a multitude ( m9ute crat]lets on its s\?-ea/]n or nor!rn rims4 ,simil> crat]lets occur on ! rims ( o!r great crat]s1 =m+ ray-c5tres4 7#b47 ,speak+ g5]ally1 a v m9ute & brilliant crat] is locat$ at ! end ( ! /reak ne>e/ ! radiant po9t1 ! /reak spread+ out & becom+ fa9t] t[>ds ! o!r end4 ,! majority ( ! /reaks appe> to issue f "o or m ( ^! m9ute crat]s1 :i* r>ely exce$ a mile 9 diamet]4 7#c47 ,! /reaks :i* d n issue f m9ute crat]s1 usually lie ^u or across ridges1 or 9 o!r simil> expos$ situations1 sometimes app>5tly com+ ?r\gh not*es 9 ! m\nta9 walls4 7#d47 ,_m ( ! ,cop]nicus /reaks />t f crat]lets )9 ! rim1 fl[ up ! inside & d[n ! outside ( ! walls4 ,kepl] includes two su* crat]lets1 b "h ! fl[ seems to h be5 m uni=m ov] ! edges ( ! :ole crat]1 & is n di/9ctly divid$ up into sep>ate /reams4 7#e47 ,?\gh !re are simil> crat]s )9 ,ty*o1 ! /reaks f !m d n ext5d f> beyond ! walls4 ,all ! conspicu\s ,ty*o /reaks orig9ate outside ! rim4 7#f47 ,! /reaks ( ,cop]nicus1 ,kepl]1 & ,ari/>*us are greyi% 9 col\r1 & mu* less :ite ?an ^? associat$ ) ,ty*o3 "s :ite l9es ext5d+ s\?-ea/ f ,ari/>*us d n app>5tly belong to ! sy/em4 ,9 ! case ( crat]lets ly+ betwe5 ,ari/>*us & ,cop]nicus ! /reaks po9t away f ! latt]4 7#g47 ,!re are no v long /reaks2 !y v>y f t5 to fifty miles 9 l5g?1 & are r>ely m ?an a qu>t] ( a mile broad at ! crat]4 ,f ?is po9t !y gradually wid5 out & become fa9t]4 ,_! wid?1 h[ev]1 at ! end f>!/ f ! crat]1 seldom exce$s five miles4 ,^! /atem5ts1 especially ^? relat+ to ! l5g? ( ! /reaks1 are utt]ly oppos$ to prevail+ notions1 b ,pr(essor ,pick]+ specifies ! case ( ! two famili> p>allel rays ext5d+ f ! nor?-ea/ ( ,ty*o to ! region ea/ ( ,bullialdus4 ,8 obs]vations %[ t ^! /reaks1 orig9at+ at a numb] ( little crat]s situat$ f ?irty to sixty miles beyond ! conf9es ( ,ty*o1 ent] a c\ple ( broad slightly depress$ valleys4 ,9 ^! valleys are f\nd num]\s m9ute crat]s ( ! k9d above describ$1 ) int5sely brilliant int]iors4 ,:5 ! /reaks issu+ f ^? crat]s ne> ,ty*o are ne>ly exhau/$1 !y are re9=c$ by /reaks f o!r crat]s :i* !y enc\nt] ^u ! way1 ! /reaks becom+ m pron\nc$ at ^! po9ts4 ,^! /reaks are aga9 re9=c$ f>!r out4 ,^! p>allel rays mu/ !re=e n be consid]$ z two /reaks1 b z two s]ies ( /reaks1 ! compon5ts ( :i* are plac$ end to end4 ,?us1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,pick]+1 we mu/ no long] reg>d ! rays emanat+ f ! ,ty*o region & o!r c5tres z cont9u\s1 b z consi/+ ( a succession ( %ort l5g?s1 dim9i%+ 9 brilliancy b increas+ 9 wid?1 till !y rea* ! next crat] ly+ 9 _! direction1 :5 !y are re9=c$2 & ! same process ( gradual dim9ution 9 brightness & re9=cem5t goes on f "o end to ! o!r4 ,! foll[+ explanation is sugge/$ to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ! rays3--,! e>? & h] satellite may diff] n s mu* z reg>ds volcanic action z 9 ! d5sities ( _! atmosph]es4 ,?us if ! crat]lets on ! rim ( ,ty*o 7 con/antly giv+ out l>ge quantities ( gas or /eam1 :i* 9 o!r regions 0 be+ con/antly absorb$ or cond5s$1 we %\ld h a w9d uni=mly bl[+ away f t summit 9 all directions4 ,%\ld o!r summits 9 its vic9ity occasionally give out gases1 mix$ ) any f9e :ite p[d]1 su* z pumice1 ?is p[d] w\ld be c>ri$ away f ,ty*o1 =m+ /reaks4 ,! difficulty surr\nd+ ?is v +5i\s hypo!sis is1 t ?\gh1 assum+ ! exi/5ce ( pumice-emitt+ crat]s & regions ( cond5sation1 !re might be a m or less l9eal & /reaky deposition ( ?is :ite mat]ial ov] l>ge areas ( ! moon1 :y %\ld ?is deposit be s def9itely arrang$1 & :y %\ld ^! active little crat]s happ5 to lie on ^! p>ticul> l9es8 ,! confus$ network ( /reaks r\nd ,cop]nicus seem to respond m happily to ! requirem5ts ( ,pr(essor ,pick]+'s hypo!sis1 = "h !re is an abs5ce ( t def9it5ess ( direction s manife/ly display$ 9 ! case ( ! ,ty*o rays1 & we c well imag9e t ) an area ( cond5sation surr\nd+ ?is magnific5t object beyond ! limits ( ! /reaks1 & a numb] ( active little crat]s on & ab\t its rim1 ! :ite mat]ial eject$ might be drawn outw>ds 9 e direction by w9d curr5ts1 :i* possibly once exi/$1 &1 settl+ d[n1 assume =ms su* z we see4 ,nasmy?'s well-kn[n hypo!sis attributes ! radiat+ /reaks to cracks 9 ! lun> globe caus$ by ! action ( an upheav+ =ce1 & acc\nts = _! :it5ess by ! outwell+ ( lava f !m :i* has spread to a great] or less di/ance on ei!r side4 ,if ! moon has be5 fractur$ 9 ?is way1 we c easily suppose t ! crat]s =m$ on ^! fissures1 be+ 9 communication ) ! int]ior1 might eject "s pulv]ul5t :ite matt] long aft] ! re/ ( ! surface ) its o!r types ( crat]s _h atta9$ a quiesc5t /age4 ,! ,ty*o rays1 :5 view$ "u ord9>y conditions1 appe> to ext5d 9 unbrok5 b&s to imm5se di/ances4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable1 /rikes along ! ea/]n side ( ,fraca/orius1 across ! ,m>e ,nect>is to ,guttemb]g1 :ile ano!r1 m c5tral1 ext5ds1 ) local v>iations 9 brightness1 ?r\gh ,m5elaus1 ov] ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis ne>ly to ! nor?-we/ limb4 ,?is is ! ray t figures s prom95tly 9 rude woodcuts ( ! moon1 9 :i* ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis trav]s$ by x is made to resemble ! ,greek lett] ,,phi4 ,! ,kepl]1 ,ari/>*us1 & ,cop]nicus sy/ems1 ?\gh ( mu* small] ext5t1 are v notewor?y f ! cross+ & app>5t int]f]5ce ( ! rays2 :ile ^? ne> ,byrgius1 r\nd ,ari/>*us1 & ! rays f ,proclus1 are equally rem>kable4 ,ni*ol f\nd t ! rays f ,kepl] cut ?r\gh rays f ,cop]nicus & ,ari/>*us1 :ile rays f ! latt] cut ?r\gh rays f ! =m]4 ,he !re=e inf]r$ t _! relative ages /& 9 ! ord]1--,cop]nicus1 ,ari/>*us1 ,kepl]4 ,z no bran* ( sel5ography has be5 m neglect$ ?an ! obs]vation ( ^! int]e/+ b enigmatical features1 "o may hope t1 9 spite ( ! exact+ conditions z to situation & in/rum5tal requirem5ts necess>y = _! successful scrut9y1 ! fairly equipp$ amateur 9 ?is less fav\r$ c\ntry w n be det]r$ f attempt+ to cle> up "s ( ! d\bts & difficulties :i* at pres5t exi/ z to _! actual nature4 ,,! ,,moon',s ,,alb$o1 ,,surface ,,brightness1 c4--,sir ,john ,h]s*el ma9ta9$ t ! actual illum9ation ( ! lun> surface is n mu* sup]ior to t ( wea!r$ s&/one rock 9 full sun%9e4 ,i h1 he says1 frequ5tly comp>$ ! moon sett+ beh9d ! grey p]p5dicul> facade ( ! ,table ,m\nta91 illum9at$ by ! sun j ris5 9 ! opposite qu>t] ( ! horizon1 :5 x has be5 sc>cely di/+ui%able 9 brightness f ! rock 9 contact ) x4 ,! sun & moon be+ at ne>ly equal altitudes1 & ! atmosph]e p]fectly free f cl\d or vap\r1 its effect is alike on bo? lum9>ies4 ,zolln]'s elaborate rese>*es on ?is "q are closely 9 accord ) ! above obs]vational result4 ,?\gh he consid]s t ! brighte/ p>ts ( ! surface are z :ite z ! :ite/ objects ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 yet1 tak+ ! reflect$ light z a :ole1 he f9ds t ! moon is m ne>ly black ?an :ite4 ,! mo/ brilliant object on ! surface is ! c5tral peak ( ! r+-pla9 ,ari/>*us1 ! d>ke/ ! floor ( ,grimaldi1 or p]haps a portion ( t ( ! neighb\r+ ,riccioli4 ,betwe5 ^! extremes1 !re is e gradation ( tone4 ,proctor1 discuss+ ?is "q on ! basis ( ,zolln]'s exp]im5ts respect+ ! light reflect$ by v>i\s sub/ances1 concludes t ! d>k area j m5tion$ mu/ be notably d>k] ?an ! d>k grey sy5ite :i* figures 9 8 tables1 :ile ! floor ( ,ari/>*us is z :ite z newly fall5 sn[4 ,! e/imation ( lun> t9ts 9 ! usual way1 by eye obs]vations at ! telescope1 involv+ z x does physiological errors :i* _c be elim9at$1 is a me?od f> too crude & ambigu\s to =m ! basis ( a sci5tific scale or = ! detection ( slight v>iations4 ,an in/rum5t on ! pr9ciple ( ,dawes' sol> eyepiece has be5 sugge/$2 ?is1 if us$ ) an inv>iable & absolute scale ( t9ts1 w\ld remove _m difficulties att5d+ ^! inve/igations4 ,! scale :i* 0 adopt$ by ,s*rot]1 & :i* has be5 us$ by sel5ograph]s up to ! pres5t "t1 is z foll[s3-- #j deg4 ,black4 #a deg4 ,greyi% black4 #b deg4 ,d>k grey4 #c deg4 ,m$ium grey4 #d deg4 ,yell[i% grey4 #e deg4 ,pure light grey4 #f deg4 ,light :iti% grey4 #g deg4 ,greyi% :ite4 #h deg4 ,pure :ite4 #i deg4 ,glitt]+ :ite4 #aj deg4 ,dazzl+ :ite4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( lun> objects publi%$ 9 ! ,sel5ographical ,j\rnal1 class$ 9 accordance ) ?is scale3-- #j deg4 ,black %ad[s4 #a deg4 ,d>ke/ portions ( ! floors ( ,grimaldi & ,riccioli4 #a #a_/b deg4 ,int]iors ( ,boscovi*1 ,billy1 & ,zupus4 #b deg4 ,floors ( ,endymion1 ,le ,monni]1 ,julius ,caes>1 ,crug]1 & ,f\ri] a4 #b #a_/b deg4 ,int]iors ( ,az\t1 ,vitruvius1 ,pitatus1 ,hippalus1 & ,m>ius4 #c deg4 ,int]iors ( ,t>untius1 ,pl9ius1 ,!ophilus1 ,p>rot1 ,flam/e$1 & ,m]cator4 #c #a_/b deg4 ,int]iors ( ,hans51 ,ar*im$es1 & ,m]s5ius4 #d deg4 ,int]iors ( ,manilius1 ,ptolemaeus1 & ,gu]ike4 #d #a_/b deg4 ,surface r\nd ,ari/illus1 ,s9us ,m$ii4 #e deg4 ,walls ( ,arago1 ,l&sb]g1 & ,bullialdus4 ,surface r\nd ,kepl] & ,ar*im$es4 #e #a_/b deg4 ,walls ( ,pic>d & ,timo*>is4 ,rays f ,cop]nicus4 #f deg4 ,walls ( ,macrobius1 ,kant1 ,bessel1 ,mo/+1 & ,flam/e$4 #f #a_/b deg4 ,walls ( ,langr5us1 ,!aetetus1 & ,lahire4 #g deg4 ,!on1 ,ariadaeus1 ,bode ,b1 ,wi*mann1 & ,kepl]4 #g #a_/b deg4 ,uk]t1 ,hort5sius1 ,euclides4 #h deg4 ,walls ( ,god91 ,bode1 & ,cop]nicus4 #h #a_/b deg4 ,walls ( ,proclus1 ,bode ,a1 & ,hipp>*us c4 #i deg4 ,c5sor9us1 ,dionysius1 ,mo/+ ,a1 & ,m]s5ius ,b & c4 #i #a_/b deg4 ,int]ior ( ,ari/>*us1 ,la ,peyr\se ,,delta4 #aj deg4 ,c5tral peak ( ,ari/>*us4 ,,temp]ature ,,( ,,! ,,moon',s ,,surface4--,till ! subject 0 und]tak5 "s ye>s ago by ,"l ,rosse1 no approa* 0 made to a satisfactory det]m9ation ( ! surface temp]ature ( ! moon4 ,f 8 exp]im5ts he inf]r$ t ! maximum temp]ature atta9$1 at or ne> ! equator1 ab\t ?ree days aft] full moon1 does n exce$ #bjj deg4 ,c41 :ile ! m9imum is n mu* "u z]o ,c4 ,subsequ5t exp]im5ts1 h[ev]1 bo? by himself & ,pr(essor ,langley1 r5d] ^! results m ?an d\btful1 )\t x is admitt$ t ! moon has an atmosph]ic cov]+4 ,langley's results make x probable t ! temp]ature nev] rises above ! freez+-po9t ( wat]1 & t at ! end ( ! prolong$ lun> night ( f\rte5 days x mu/ s9k to at lea/ #bjj deg4 bel[ z]o4 ,mr4 ,f4,w4 ,v]ey ( ! ,alleghany ,obs]vatory has rec5tly conduct$1 by means ( ! bolomet]1 simil> rese>*es z to ! di/ribution ( ! moon's heat & its v>iation ) ! phase1 by :i* he has d$uc$ ! v>y+ radiation f ! surface 9 diff]5t localities ( ! moon "u v>i\s sol> altitudes4 ,,lun> ,,obs]vation4--,9 obs]v+ ! moon1 we enjoy an advantage ( :i* we _c boa/ :5 mo/ o!r planet>y bodies are scrut9is$2 = we see ! actual surface ( ano!r _w undimm$ by palpable cl\ds or exhalations1 except su* z exi/ 9 ! air above u2 & c gaze on ! m>vell\s v>iety ( objects x pres5ts mu* z we contemplate a relief map ( our own globe4 ,b inasmu* z ! manifold details ( ! relief map require to be plac$ 9 a c]ta9 light to be se5 to ! be/ advantage1 s ! r+-m\nta9s1 rugg$ highl&s1 & wide-ext5d+ pla9s ( our satellite1 z !y pass 9 review "u ! sun1 mu/ be obs]v$ :5 suitable conditions ( illum9ation prevail1 if we wi% to appreciate _! true "* & significance4 ,z a g5]al rule1 lun> objects are be/ se5 :5 !y are at no great di/ance f ! t]m9ator1 or ! l9e divid+ ! illum9$ f ! unillum9$ portion ( ! sph]ical surface4 ,?is l9e is con/antly *ang+ its position ) ! sun1 advanc+ sl[ly onw>ds t[>ds ! ea/ at a rate :i*1 r\ghly speak+1 am\nts to ab\t #cj4e m94 9 an h\r1 or pass+ ov] #aj deg4 ( lun> longitude 9 ab\t #ai hrs4 #dj m9s4 ,:5 an object is situat$ on ?is l9e1 ! sun is ei!r ris+ or sett+ on ! neighb\r+ region1 & e inequality ( ! surface is r5d]$ prom95t by its %ad[2 s t trifl+ v>iations 9 level & m9or asp]ities assume = ! "t be+ an importance to :i* !y h no claim4 ,if we are obs]v+ an object at lun> sunrise1 a v %ort "t1 (t5 only a few m9utes1 elapses be=e ! confusion caus$ by ! pres5ce ( ! %ad[s ( ^! g5]ally unimportant features ceases to int]f]e ) ! obs]vation1 & we c di/+ui% betwe5 ^? details :i* are really notewor?y & o!rs :i* are trivial & evanesc5t4 ,e =mation we are /udy+ %\ld be obs]v$1 & drawn if possible1 "u _m diff]5t conditions ( illum9ation4 ,x ought1 9 fact1 to be exam9$ f ! "t :5 its l(tie/ heights are fir/ illum9$ by ! ris+ sun till !y disappe> at sunset4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 practically impossible 9 ! c\rse ( "o lunation1 b by utilis+ available opportunities1 a numb] ( obs]vations may be obta9$ "u v>i\s phases :i* w be m or less exhau/ive4 ,x _c be said t mu* is kn[n ab\t any object until an attempt has be5 made to c>ry out ?is plan4 ,features :i* assume a c]ta9 appe>ance at "o phase frequ5tly turn out to be altoge!r diff]5t :5 view$ "u ano!r2 important details obscur$ by %ad[s1 crat]s mask$ by ^? ( neighb\r+ objects1 or by ! %ad[s ( _! own rims1 are (t5 only reveal$ :5 ! sun has atta9$ an altitude ( t5 degrees or m4 ,9 %ort1 !re is sc>cely a =mation on ! moon :i* does n exemplify ! necessity ( not+ its aspect f sunrise to sunset4 ,reg>d mu/ also be _h to libration1 :i* affects to a great] or less degree e object2 c>ry+ out ( ! range ( obs]vation regions ne> ! limb at "o "t1 & at ano!r br++ into view o!rs beyond ! limits ( ! maps1 :i* repres5t ! moon 9 ! mean /ate ( libration4 ,! area1 9 fact1 ?us br\ght into view1 or tak5 out ( x1 is betwe5 #a_/ab? & #a_/ac? ( ! entire area ( ! moon1 or ab\t ! #a_/f? "p ( ! hemisph]e turn$ away f ! e>?4 ,x is conv5i5t to be> 9 m9d t we see an object "u ne>ly ! same conditions e #ei d4 #a h4 #bh m41 or /ill m accurately1 aft] ! lapse ( fifte5 lunations1 or #ddb d4 #bc h4 ,_m obs]v]s avoid ! obs]vation ( objects "u a high light4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 %\ld nev] be neglect$ :5 practicable1 ?\gh 9 "s cases x is n easy to c>ry out1 ow+ to ! difficulty 9 trac+ details "u ^! circum/ances4 ,al?\gh to obs]ve successfully ! m9ut] features1 su* z ! rills & ! small] crat]lets1 requires in/rum5ts ( l>ge ap]ture locat$ 9 fav\rable situations1 yet "w ( p]man5t value may be accompli%$ ) comp>atively humble telescopic means4 ,a #d in* a*romatic1 or a silv]-on-glass reflector ( #f or #f #a_/b in*es ap]ture1 w reveal on a good night _m details :i* h n yet be5 record$1 & ! possessor ( in/rum5ts ( ?is size w n be long 9 discov]+ t ! moon1 despite ( :at is (t5 said1 has n be5 s exhau/ively survey$ t no?+ rema9s = him to d4 ,only exp]i5ce & actual trial w tea* ! obs]v] to *oose ! p>ticul> eyepiece suitable = a giv5 night or a giv5 object4 ,x w be f\nd t x is only on v r>e occasions t he c accompli% mu* ) p[]s :i*1 p]haps only on two or ?ree nights 9 a ye> 9 ?is climate1 tell to great advantage2 ?\gh x sometimes happ5s t ! employm5t ( an eyepiece1 o!rwise unsuitable = ! night1 w1 dur+ a %ort spell ( good def9ition1 af=d a fleet+ glimpse ( "s difficult feature1 & ?us solve a d\btful po9t4 ,x has (t5 be5 said t ! effici5cy ( a telescope dep5ds to a great ext5t on ! man at ! eye end4 ,?is is z true 9 ! case ( ! moon z x is 9 o!r bran*es ( obs]vational a/ronomy4 ,obs]v]s1 especially beg9n]s1 frequ5tly fall into great error 9 fail+ to appreciate ! true "* ( :at !y see4 ,9 ?is way a %all[ surface depression1 possibly only a few feet bel[ ! g5]al level ( ! neighb\r+ c\ntry1 is (t5 describ$ z a va/ gorge1 because1 "u v oblique light1 x is fill$ ) black %ad[2 or an insignificant hillock is magnifi$ into a m\nta9 :5 simil>ly view$4 ,h5ce ! importance1 j insi/$ on1 ( /udy+ lun> features "u z _m conditions z possible be=e f9ally attempt+ to describe !m4 ,h[ev] indiff]5t a draughtsman an obs]v] may be1 if he endeav\rs to portray :at he sees to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 he w ultimately atta9 suffici5t skill to make 8 "w useful = future ref]5ce3 9 any case1 x w be ( m value ?an a m]e v]bal description )\t a sket*4 ,d\bt & unc]ta9ty inv>iably att5d to a great] or less ext5t writt5 notes unaccompani$ by draw+s1 z "s rec5t controv]sies1 respect+ *anges 9 ,l9ne & else:]e1 te/ify4 ,n[ t photographs are g5]ally available to =m ! basis ( a m complete sket*1 mu* ( ! difficulty =m]ly att5d+ ! correct repres5tation ( ! outl9e & gross] features ( a =mation has be5 remov$1 & ! obs]v] c devote 8 "t & att5tion to ! ins]tion & description ( less obvi\s objects4 ,,progress ,,( ,,sel5ography4--,till )9 rec5t ye>s1 ! sy/ematic /udy ( ! lun> surface may be said to h be5 conf9$1 9 ?is c\ntry at any rate1 to a v limit$ numb] ( obs]v]s1 &1 except 9 r>e in/ances1 ^? :o possess$ a/ronomical telescopes only direct$ !m to ! moon z a %[ object to excite ! wond] ( casual visitors4 ,! publication ( ,webb's ,cele/ial ,objects 9 #ahei1 ! suppos$ physical *ange 9 ! crat] ,l9ne1 ann\nc$ 9 #ahff1 & ! appe>ance ( an unrecord$ black spot ne> ,hyg9us "s t5 ye>s lat]1 _h ! effect ( awak5+ a m lively int]e/ 9 sel5ography1 & und\bt$ly comb9$ to br+ ab\t a *ange 9 ?is respect1 :i* ultimately result$ 9 ! numb] ( amateurs devot+ mu* ( _! "t to ?is bran* ( obs]vational a/ronomy be+ notably increas$4 ,/ill1 l>ge telescopes1 z a rule1 held alo( = "s unexpla9$ reason1 or 7 only employ$ 9 a desultory & spasmodic fa%ion1 )\t any v def9ite object4 ,:5 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 /imulat$ by ! ,l9ne controv]sy1 deem$ ! moon to be wor?y ( pass+ att5tion1 obs]vations1 direct$ to objects suspect$ ( *ange 7! ph5om5a on ! floor ( ,plato7 7 left to ?ree or f\r obs]v]s1 "u ! able direction ( ,mr4 ,birt1 ! l>ge/ in/rum5ts available be+ an #h #a_/d in* reflector & ! ,crossley refractor ( #i in*es ap]ture6 ,dur+ ! la/ decade1 h[ev]1 all ?is has be5 *ang$1 & we n only h societies1 su* z ! ,briti% ,a/ronomical ,association1 sett+ ap>t a di/9ct section = ! sy/ematic inve/igation ( lun> detail1 b "s ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ p]fect in/rum5ts 9 ! _w1 among !m ! noble refractor on ,m\nt ,hamilton1 employ$ 9 photograph+ ! moon or 9 scrut9is+ h] manifold features by direct obs]vation4 ,h5ce1 x may be said t sel5ography has tak5 a new & m promis+ dep>ture1 :i*1 among o!r results1 mu/ lead to a m accurate k ( lun> topography1 & settle possibly1 ere long1 ! vex$ "q ( *ange1 )\t any residuum ( d\bt4 ,lun> photography z exemplifi$ by ! m>vell\s & beautiful pictures produc$ at ! ,lick ,obs]vatory "u ! auspices ( ,dr4 ,hold51 & ! exquisite enl>gem5ts ( !m by ,dr4 ,we9ek ( ,prague2 at ,p>is by ! bro!rs ,h5ry2 & at ,brussels by ,m4 ,pr9z2 po9t to ! n f> di/ant "t :5 we %all possess complete photographic maps on a l>ge scale ( ! :ole visible disc "u v>i\s phases ( illum9ation1 :i* w be ( ine/imable value z topographical *>ts4 ,:5 ?is is accompli%$1 ! obs]v] w h at 8 comm& fai?ful repres5tations ( any =mation1 or ( any giv5 region he may require1 to utilise = ! /udy ( ! small] details by direct obs]vation4 ,desultory & objectless draw+s & notes h hi!rto be5 m or less *>act]i/ic ( ! "w done1 ev5 by ^? :o h giv5 m ?an ord9>y att5tion to ! moon4 ,?\gh ^!1 if duly record$1 are valuable z illu/rat+ ! physical /ructure1 ! e/imat$ brightness "u v>i\s phases1 & o!r peculi>ities ( lun> features1 !y d n mat]ially =w>d inve/igations relat+ to ! discov]y ( pres5t lun> activity or to ! detection ( actual *ange4 ,x is reit]at$ ad nauseam 9 _m popul> books t ! moon is a *angeless _w1 & x is impli$ t1 hav+ atta9$ a /ate :5 no fur!r manife/ations ( int]nal or ext]nal =ces are possible1 x revolves r\nd ! e>? 9 ! condition1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( a globul> mass ( vesicul> lava or slag1 possess+ no int]e/ except z a notable example ( a burnt-out planet4 ,9 answ] to ^! dogmatic ass]tions1 x may be said t1 not)/&+ ! multiplication ( monographs & photographs1 ! k we possess1 ev5 ( ! l>g] & m prom95t objects1 is f> too slight to ju/ify u 9 ma9ta9+ t *anges1 :i* on e>? we %\ld use a /rong adjective to describe1 h n tak5 place 9 connection ) "s ( !m 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,w\ld ! mo/ assidu\s obs]v] ass]t t 8 k ( any "o ( ! great =mations1 9 ! s\?-we/ quadrant1 = example1 is s complete t1 if a *asm z big z ! ,val del ,bove 0 bl[n out f its flanks1 or =m$ by a l&slip1 he w\ld detect ! *ange 9 ! appe>ance ( an area 7"s ?ree miles by f\r7 ?us br\ght ab\t1 unless he _h previ\sly made a v prolong$ & exhau/ive /udy ( ! object8 ,or1 aga91 among =mations ( a diff]5t class1 ! crat]s & crat]-cones2 might n objects z l>ge z ,monte ,nuovo or ,jorullo come into exi/5ce 9 _m regions )\t any "o be+ ! wis]8 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly h ne$$ a p]si/5t lun> a/ronom]1 & "o furni%$ ) a v p]fect telescope1 to h not$ ! *anges t h occurr$ )9 ! old crat]-r+ ( ,somma or among ! ,santor9 gr\p dur+ ! pa/ ?irty ye>s1 or ev5 to h detect$ ! effects result+ f ! great cata/rophe 9 ,a4,d4 #gi1 at ,vesuvius2 yet ^! objects are no l>g] ?an _m :i*1 if !y 7 situat$ on our satellite1 w\ld be t]m$ comp>atively small1 if n insignificant4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal aims ( lun> rese>* is to le>n z mu* z possible z to ! pres5t condition ( ! surface4 ,e "o qualifi$ to give an op9ion w admit t ?is _c be accompli%$ by roam+ at l>ge ov] ! :ole visible sup]ficies1 b only by conf9+ att5tion to select$ areas ( limit$ ext5t1 & record+ & describ+ e object visible !reon1 "u v>i\s conditions ( illum9ation1 ) ! greate/ accuracy atta9able4 ,?is plan 0 sugge/$ & inaugurat$ ne>ly ?irty ye>s ago by ,mr4 ,birt1 "u ! patronage ( ! ,briti% ,association2 b z he propos$ to deal ) ! entire disc 9 ?is way1 ! magnitude & ambiti\s "* ( ! s*eme soon damp$ ! ard\r ( ^? :o at fir/ support$ x1 & x 0 ultimately ab&on$4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 bas$ on ! only feasible pr9ciple :i*1 z x seems to ! writ]1 w n result 9 d\bt & confusion4 ,n[ t photography has come to ! assi/ance ( ! obs]v]1 ,mr4 ,birt's proposal1 if conf9$ )9 n>r[] limits1 w\ld be f> less ardu\s an und]tak+ ?an be=e1 & might be easily c>ri$ out4 ,a complete photographic survey ( a few select$ regions1 z a basis = an equally ?or\gh & exhau/ive scrut9y by direct obs]vation1 w\ld1 x is believ$1 lead to a mu* m satisfactory & hopeful me?od = ultimately furni%+ irrefragable te/imony z to p]man5cy or *ange ?an any t has yet be5 und]tak54 ,,catalogue ,,( ,,lun> ,,=mations ,,fir/ ,,quadrant ,,we/ ,,longitude #ij deg4 ,,to #fj deg4 ,,s*ub]t4--,?is r+-pla91 ab\t #df miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ on ! ,n4,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,smy?ii1 is too ne> ! limb to be well obs]v$4 ,,nep]4--,?\gh /ill ne>] ! limb1 ?is wall$-pla91 #gd miles 9 diamet]1 is a mu* m conspicu\s object4 ,x has a l(ty bord] & a prom95t c5tral m\nta91 ! highe/ portion ( a range ( hills :i* trav]ses ! int]ior f ,n4 to ,s4 ,,apollonius4--,a r+-pla91 #cj miles 9 diamet]1 /&+ 9 ! m\nta9\s region ,s4 ( ! ,m>e ,crisium4 ,!re is a l>ge crat] on ! ,s4,w4 wall1 & ano!r1 some:at small]1 adjo9+ x on ! ,n4 ,!re are _m brilliant crat]s 9 ! vic9ity4 ,,firmicus4--,a some:at l>g]1 m regul>1 b1 9 o!r respects1 v simil> r+-pla91 ,n4,w4 ( ! la/4 ,"s di/ance on ! ,w41 ,madl] not$ a numb] ( d>k-grey /reaks :i* app>5tly und]go p]iodical *anges1 sugge/ive ( some?+ ak9 to vegetation4 ,!y are situat$ ne> a prom95t m\nta9 situat$ 9 a level region4 ,,az\t4--,a small r+-pla91 connect$ ) ! la/ by a l(ty ridge4 ,x is ! app>5t c5tre ( _m o!r ridges & valleys :i* radiate f x t[>ds ! ,n4,w4 & ! ,m>e ,crisium4 ,!re is a c5tral m\nta91 n an easy telescopic object1 on its dusky floor4 ,,condorcet4--,a v prom95t r+-pla91 #de miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ on ! m\nta9\s ,s4,w4 m>g9 ( ! ,m>e ,crisium4 ,x is encircl$ by a l(ty wall ab\t #hjjj feet 9 height4 ,! d>k int]ior ( ?is & ( ! ?ree prec$+ =mations r5d] !m easily traceable "u a high angle ( illum9ation4 ,,hans54--,a r+-pla91 #cb miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,w4 bord] ( ! ,m>e ,crisium ,n4 ( ,condorcet4 ,s*midt %[s a c5tral m\nta9 & a t]rac$ wall4 ,,alhaz54--,?is r+-pla91 r small] ?an ! la/1 is ! mo/ nor!rly ( ! l9e> *a9 ( =mations1 associat$ ) ! highl&s bord]+ ! ,s4,w4 & ! ,w4 flanks ( ! ,m>e ,crisium4 ,x has a c5tral m\nta9 & o!r m9or elevations on ! floor4 ,!re is a little r+ betwe5 ,alhaz5 & ,hans51 nev] v conspicu\s 9 ! telescope1 :i* is pla9ly traceable 9 good photographs4 ,,eimm>t4--,a conspicu\s r+-pla9 ) bright walls on ! ,n4,w4 m>g9 ( ! ,m>e ,crisium4 ,! ,e4 bord] atta9s a height ( #aj1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i*1 accord+ to ,s*midt1 has a small c5tral m\nta94 ,!re is a rill-l valley on ! ,e4 ( ! =mation4 ,,oriani4--,an irregul> object1 #cb miles 9 diamet]1 some:at difficult to id5tify1 ,n4,w4 ( ! la/4 ,!re is a conspicu\s crat] on ! ,n4 ( x1 ) :i* x is connect$ by a prom95t ridge4 ,,plut>*4--,a f9e r+-pla9 ,w4 ( ,oriani1 ) regul> walls1 &1 accord+ to ,neison1 ) two c5tral m\nta9s1 only "o ( :i* ,i h se54 ,bo? ?is =mation & ! la/ are beautifully %[n 9 a photograph tak5 ,augu/ #ai1 #ahia1 at ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 :5 ! moon's age 0 #ae d4 #aj hrs4 ,,s5eca4--,r small] ?an ,plut>*4 ,too ne> ! limb = satisfactory obs]vation4 ,s*midt %[s two consid]able m\nta9s 9 ! int]ior4 ,! position ( ?is object 9 ,s*midt's *>t is n accordant ) its place 9 ,be] & ,madl]'s map1 nor 9 t ( ,neison4 ,,hahn4--,a r+-pla91 #df miles 9 diamet]1 ) a f9e c5tral m\nta9 & l(ty peaks on ! bord]1 :i* is n cont9u\s on ! ,s4 ,!re is a l>ge & prom95t crat] on ! ,e4 ,,b]osus4--,a some:at small] object ( a simil> type1 ,n4 ( ,hahn1 b ) a l(ti] wall4 ,!re is a want ( cont9uity also 9 ! bord]1 ! ea/]n & we/]n sections ( :i*1 in/ead ( jo9+1 ext5d = "s di/ance t[>ds ! ,s41 =m+ a n>r[ gorge or valley4 ,outside ! ,s4,e4 wall !re is a small crat]1 & "s irregul> depressions on ! ,e4 ,! m9ute c5tral m\nta9 is only se5 ) difficulty "u a l[ ev5+ sun4 ,! bright region betwe5 ,hahn & ,b]osus & ! we/]n flank ( ,cleom$es is an ext5sive pla91 devoid ( prom95t detail1 & :i*1 accord+ to ,neison1 includes an area ( #dj1jjj squ>e miles4 ,,gauss4--,a l>ge1 & ne>ly circul> wall$-pla91 #aaa miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ close to ! ,n4,w4 limb1 & consequ5tly always =e%ort5$ into a m or less elongat$ ellipse4 ,b = ?is x w\ld be "o ( ! gr&e/ objects 9 ! fir/ quadrant4 ,"u ! designation ( ,m]curius ,falsus x receiv$ great att5tion f ,s*rot]1 :o gives sev]al repres5tations ( x 9 8 ,sel5otopographis*e ,fragm5te1 :i*1 ?\gh drawn 9 8 usual conv5tional /yle1 convey a ju/] idea ( its sali5t features ?an _m subsequ5t draw+s made "u f> bett] optical conditions4 ,! bord]1 especially on ! ,w41 is v complex1 & is discont9u\s on ! ,s41 :]e x is int]sect$ by m ?an "o pass1 & is prolong$ f> beyond ! app>5t limits ( ! =mation4 ,! mo/ notewor?y feature is ! magnific5t m\nta9 *a9 :i* trav]ses ! floor f ,n4 to ,s4 ,x is int]e/+ to wat* ! progress ( sunset !reon1 & see peak aft] peak disappe>1 till only ! great c5tral boss & a few m9ute glitt]+ po9ts ( light1 repres5t+ ! l(ti] portions ( ! *a91 rema9 to indicate its position4 ,madl] expatiates on ! sublime view :i* w\ld be obta9$ by any "o /&+ on ! highe/ peak & obs]v+ ! sett+ sun on "o side ( him & ! ne>ly full e>? on ! o!r2 :ile b5ea? him w\ld lie a va/ pla91 %r\d$ 9 d>kness1 surr\nd$ by ! brilliantly illum9at$ peaks on ! l(ty bord]1 gradually pass+ out ( sunlight4 ,9 addition to ! c5tral m\nta9 range1 !re are "s l>ge r+s1 crat]s1 hillocks1 c41 on ! floor2 & on ! inn] slope ( ! ,w4 bord] !re is a v l>ge circul> enclosure resembl+ a r+-pla91 n record$ 9 ! maps4 ,s*midt %[s a r[ ( l>ge crat]s on ! out] slope ( ! ,e4 bord]4 ,( ^!1 "o is v conspicu\s "u a l[ ev5+ sun1 by reason ( its brilliant walls & int]ior4 ,9 ! region betwe5 ,gauss & ,b]osus is a numb] ( n>r[ /eep ridges :i* foll[ ! curvature ( ! ,e4 wall4 ,,/ruve4--,a small irregul>ly-%ap$ =mation1 op5 t[>ds ! ,s41 =m+ "o ( ! curi\s gr\p ( unsymmetrical enclosures associat$ ) ,messala4 ,its d>k floor & a small dusky area on ! ,n4 indicate its position "u a high sun4 ,,c>r+ton4--,a small r+-pla91 belong+ to ! ,messala gr\p1 adjo9+ ,s*uma*] on ! ,n4,w4 ,,m]curius4--,?is =mation is #be miles 9 diamet]4 ,a small crat] /&s on ! ,s4,e4 section ( ! wall4 ,!re is a longitud9al range 9 ! int]ior1 & on ! ,w4 & ,n4,w4 ! rema9s ( two l>ge wall$-pla9s1 ! m we/]ly ( :i* is a notewor?y object "u suitable conditions4 ,a %ort di/ance ,s4 is a l>ge1 irregul>1 & v d>k m>k+4 ,on ! ,n41 lies an imm5se bright pla91 ext5d+ ne>ly to ! bord] ( ,endymion4 ,,we/ ,,longitude #fj deg4 ,,to #dj deg4 ,,t>untius4--,not)/&+ its comp>atively l[ walls1 ?is r+-pla91 #dd miles 9 diamet]1 is a v conspicu\s object "u a ris+ sun4 ,l ,vitello & a few o!r =mations1 x has an inn] r+ on ! floor1 conc5tric ) ! out] ramp>t1 :i* ,i h (t5 se5 ne>ly complete "u ev5+ illum9ation4 ,!re is a small bright crat] on ! ,s4,e4 wall1 & a l>g] "o on ! cre/ ( ! ,n4,e4 wall1 ) a mu* m m9ute depression on ! ,w4 ( x1 ! int]v5+ space exhibit+ signs ( di/urbance4 ,! upp] portion ( ! wall is v /eep1 contra/+ 9 ?is respect ) ! v g5tle incl9ation ( ! glacis1 :i* on ! ,s4 ext5ds to a di/ance ( at lea/ #cj miles be=e x s9ks to ! level ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 ! gradi5t probably be+ z slight z #a 9 #de4 ,two l[ dusky r+s & a long n>r[ valley ) brilliant flanks are prom95t objects on ! pla9 ,e4 ( ,t>untius "u a l[ ev5+ sun4 ,,sec*i4--,a p>tially enclos$ little r+-pla9 ,s4 ( ,t>untius1 ) a prom95t c5tral m\nta9 & bright walls4 ,!re is a %ort cleft runn+ 9 a ,n4,e4 direction f a po9t ne> ! ,e4 wall4 ,s*midt repres5ts x z a r[ ( inosculat+ crat]s4 ,,pic>d4--,! l>ge/ ( ! crat]s on ! surface ( ! ,m>e ,crisium1 #ba miles 9 diamet]4 ,! floor1 :i* includes a c5tral m\nta91 is depress$ ab\t #bjjj feet bel[ ! out] surface1 & is surr\nd$ by walls ris+ "s #cjjj feet above ! ,m>e4 ,a small b l(ty r+-pla91 ,pic>d ,e1 on ! ,e41 ne> ! bord] ( ! ,m>e1 is rem>kable = its *ange ( aspect "u diff]5t angles ( illum9ation4 ,a long curv$ ridge runn+ ,s4 f ?is1 ) a l[] ridge on ! we/1 sometimes resemble a l>ge enclosure ) a c5tral m\nta94 ,/ill f>!r ,s41 !re is ano!r bright deep crat]1 a1 ) a l>ge l[ r+ adjo9+ x on ! ,s41 abutt+ on ! ,s4,e4 bord] ( ! ,m>e4 ,s*rot] be/[$ mu* att5tion on ^! & o!r =mations on ! ,m>e ,crisium1 & attribut$ c]ta9 *anges :i* he obs]v$ to a lun> atmosph]e4 ,,peirce4--,?is =mation1 small] ?an ,pic>d1 is also prom95t1 its bord] be+ v bright4 ,!re is a c5tral peak1 :i*1 ?\gh n an easy object1 ,i once glimps$ ) a #d in* ,cook a*romatic1 & h se5 x two or ?ree times s9ce ) an #h #a_/b in* ,calv] reflector4 ,a small crat]1 detect$ by ,s*midt1 :i* ,i once saw v di/9ctly "u ev5+ illum9ation1 /&s on ! floor at ! foot ( ! ,w4 wall4 ,peirce ,a1 a deep] =mation1 lies a little ,n4 ( ,peirce1 & has also1 accord+ to ,neison1 a v slight c5tral hill1 :i* is only j p]ceptible "u ! mo/ fav\rable conditions4 ,s*midt appe>s to h ov]look$ x4 ,,proclus4--,"o ( ! mo/ brilliant objects on ! moon's visible surface1 & h5ce extremely difficult to obs]ve satisfactorily4 ,x is ab\t #ah miles 9 diamet]1 ) v /eep walls1 &1 accord+ to ,s*midt1 has a small crat] on its ea/ bord]1 :]e ,madl] %[s a break4 ,x is que/ionable :e!r !re is a c5tral m\nta94 ,x is ! c5tre ( a numb] ( radiat+ light /reaks :i* p>tly trav]se ! ,m>e ,crisium1 & ) ^? emanat+ f ,pic>d1 ,peirce1 & o!r objects !reon1 =m a v complicat$ sy/em4 ,,macrobius4--,?is1 ) a companion r+ on ! ,w41 is a v beautiful object "u a l[ sun4 ,x is #db miles 9 diamet]1 & is encircl$ by a bright1 regul>1 b complex bord]1 "s #ac1jjj feet 9 height above ! floor4 ,its cre/ is brok5 on ! ,e4 by a l>ge brilliant crat]1 & its cont9uity is int]rupt$ on ! ,n4 by a =mation resembl+ a l>ge d\ble crat]1 :i* is associat$ ) a numb] ( l[ r\nd$ banks & ridges ext5d+ "s di/ance t[>ds ! ,n4,w41 & break+ ! cont9uity ( ! glacis4 ,! ,w4 wall is mu* t]rac$1 & on ! ,n4,w4 includes a r[ ( prom95t depressions1 well se5 :5 ! int]ior is ab\t half illum9at$ "u a ris+ sun4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is ( ! comp\nd type1 b n at all prom95t4 ,! companion r+1 ,macrobius ,c1 is t]rac$ int]nally on ! ,w41 & ! cont9uity ( its ,n4 bord] brok5 by two depressions4 ,!re is a rill-valley betwe5 its ,n4,e4 side & ,macrobius4 ,,cleom$es4--,a l>ge oblong enclosure1 #gh miles 9 diamet]1 ) massive walls1 v>y+ 9 altitude f #hjjj to #aj1jjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,! mo/ notewor?y features 9 connection ) ! circumvallation are ! prom95t depressions on ! ,w4 wall4 ,"u a ris+ sun1 :5 ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! floor is 9 %ad[1 ?ree ( ^! c be easily di/+ui%$1 ea* resembl+ 9 =m ! analemma figure4 ,!re are two o!r curi\s depressions at ! ,s4,w4 end ( ! =mation4 ,on ! d>k /eel-grey floor are two irregul> dusky areas1 & a n>r[ b bright c5tral m\nta91 on :i*1 accord+ to ,s*midt1 /& two little crat]s4 ,!re are two r+-pla9s on ! ,s4,w4 qu>t]1 & a gr\p ( ?ree associat$ crat]s on ! ,n4 side1 "o ( :i* 7,a7 ,s*rot] believ$ came into exi/5ce aft] he comm5c$ to obs]ve ! =mation1 a supposition t has be5 %[n by ,birt & o!rs to be v improbable4 ,,tralles4--,a l>ge irregul> crat]1 "o ( ! deepe/ on ! visible surface ( ! moon1 situat$ on ! ,n4,e4 wall ( ,cleom$es4 ,!re is a crat] on its ,n4 wall1 &1 accord+ to ,s*midt1 "s ridges & ?ree closely associat$ crat]s on ! floor4 ,,burckh>dt4--,?is object1 situat$ on an app>5t ext5sion ( ! ,w4 wall ( ,cleom$es1 is #ce miles 9 diamet]1 ) a l(ty bord]1 ris+ on ! ,e4 to an altitude ( ne>ly #ac1jjj feet4 ,x has a prom95t c5tral m\nta9 & "s l[ ridges on ! floor1 :i*1 toge!r ) two m9ute crat]s on ! ,s4,w4 wall1 ,i h se5 "u a l[ angle ( morn+ illum9ation4 ,x is flank$ bo? on ! ,e4 & ,w4 by deep irregul> depressions1 :i* pres5t ! appe>ance ( hav+ once be5 complete =mations4 ,,gem9us4--,a f9e regul> r+-pla91 #ed miles 9 diamet]1 ne>ly circul>1 ) bright walls1 ris+ on ! ,e4 to a height ( m ?an #ab1jjj feet1 & on ! opposite side to ne>ly #af1jjj feet above ! floor4 ,_! cre/ is ev]y:]e v /eep1 & ! inn] slope is mu* t]rac$4 ,!re is a small b conspicu\s m\nta9 9 ! int]ior2 ,n4 ( :i* ,i h se5 a long ridge1 :]e ,s*midt %[s "s hillocks4 ,two f9e clefts are easily visible )9 ! r+1 "o runn+ = "s di/ance on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ! floor1 m\nt+ ! inn] slope ( ! ,s4,w4 bord] to ! summit ridge 7:]e x is app>5tly int]rupt$71 & !n /rik+ across ! pla9 9 a ,s4,w4 direction4 ,"h x is accompani$ = a %ort di/ance by a some:at co>s] companion1 runn+ p>allel to x on ! ,n4 ,! o!r cleft occupies a v simil> position on ! ,n4,w4 side ( ! floor at ! inn] foot ( ! wall4 ,on sev]al occasions1 :5 obs]v+ ?is =mation & ! vic9ity1 ,i h be5 /ruck by its peculi> col\r "u a l[ ev5+ sun4 ,at ?is "t ! :ole region appe>s to be ( a w>m light br[n or sepia tone4 ,,b]n\illi4--,a v deep r+-pla9 on ! ,w4 side ( ,gem9us4 ,"u ev5+ illum9ation its l(ty ,w4 wall1 :i* rises to a height ( ne>ly #ac1jjj feet above ! floor1 is conspicu\sly brilliant4 ,?is =mation exhibits a m>k$ dep>ture f ! circul> type1 be+ b\nd$ by rectil9eal sides4 ,! inn] slope ( ! ,w4 wall is slightly t]rac$4 ,! bord] on ! ,s4 is mu* l[] ?an else:]e1 z is evid5t :5 ! =mation is on ! ev5+ t]m9ator4 ,on ! ,n4 is ! deep crat] ,messala a4 ,,newcomb4--,! mo/ prom95t ( a gr\p ( =mations /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,haemus ,m\nta9s4 ,its cre/ is ne>ly #ab1jjj feet above ! floor1 on :i* !re are "s hills4 ,,messala4--,?is f9e wall$-pla91 ne>ly #gj miles 9 diamet]1 is1 ) its surr\nd+s1 an especially int]e/+ object :5 obs]v$ "u a l[ angle ( illum9ation4 ,its complex bord]1 ?\gh r\ghly circul>1 displays _m irregul>ities 9 outl9e1 due ma9ly to r[s ( depressions4 ,! be/ view ( x is obta9$ :5 ! ,w4 wall is on ! ev5+ t]m9ator4 ,at ?is phase1 if libration is fav\rable1 ! manifold details ( its v unev5 & app>5tly convex floor are be/ se54 ,on ! ,s4,w4 side is a gr\p ( l>ge crat]s associat$ ) a numb] ( l[ hills1 ( :i* ,s*midt %[s five2 b ,i h se5 _m m1 toge!r ) sev]al ridges betwe5 !m & ! ,e4 wall4 ,i not$ also a cleft1 or x may be a n>r[ valley1 runn+ f ! foot ( ! ,n4,w4 wall t[>ds ! c5tre4 ,on ! floor1 abutt+ on ! ,n4,e4 bord]1 is a semicircul> ridge ( consid]able height1 & beyond ! bord] on ! ,n4,e4 !re is ano!r curv$ ridge1 complet+ ! circle1 ! wall =m+ ! diamet]4 ,?is =mation is cle>ly ( m anci5t date ?an ,messala1 z ! ,n4,e4 wall ( ! latt] has cut ?r\gh x4 ,:]e ,messala jo9s ,s*uma*] !re is a break 9 ! bord]1 occupi$ by ?ree deep depressions4 ,,s*uma*]4--,a l>ge irregul> r+-pla91 #bh miles 9 diamet]1 associat$ ) ! ,n4 wall ( ,messala1 & hav+ o!r small] r+s adjo9+ x on ! ,e4 & ,n4 ,! int]ior seems to be devoid ( detail4 ,,hooke4--,ano!r irregul> r+-pla91 #bh miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,n4,e4 ( ,messala4 ,!re is a bright crat] ( consid]able size on ! ,s4,w41 :i* is said to be m ?an #fjjj feet 9 dep?1 &1 accord+ to ,neison1 is visible z a :ite spot at full4 ,!re is a small] crat] on ! slope ( ! ,n4,w4 wall4 ,,%uckburgh4--,a squ>e-%ap$ enclosure on ! ,n4 ( ! la/1 ) a comp>atively l[ bord]4 ,x has a conspicu\s crat] at its ,n4,w4 corn]4 ,,b]zelius4--,a consid]able r+-pla9 ( regul> =m1 ) l[ walls & d>k int]ior1 on :i* !re is a c5tral peak1 difficult to detect4 ,,frankl94--,a r+-pla91 #cc miles 9 diamet]1 :i* displays a consid]able dep>ture f ! circul> type1 z ! bord] is 9 great "p made up ( rectil9eal sections4 ,bo? ! ,w4 & ,n4,e4 wall is mu* t]rac$1 & rises ab\t #hjjj feet above ! d>k floor1 on ! ,s4 "p ( :i* !re is a long ridge4 ,!re is a bright little isolat$ m\nta9 on ! pla9 ,e4 ( ! =mation1 & a conspicu\s crat]let on ! ,n4,w4 ,an incomplete r+1 ) a v att5uat$ bord]1 abuts on ! ,s4 side ( ,frankl94 ,,cepheus4--,a peculi>ly %ap$ r+-pla91 #bg miles 9 diamet]4 ,! ,e4 bord] is ne>ly rectil9eal1 :ile on ! ,w41 ! wall =ms a bold curve4 ,!re is a v brilliant crat] on ! summit ( ?is section1 & a c5tral m\nta9 on ! floor4 ,! ,w4 wall is mu* t]rac$4 ,w4 ( ,cepheus1 close to ! brilliant crat]1 !re is a cleft or n>r[ valley runn+ ,n4 t[>ds ,o]/$4 ,,o]/$4--,an oblong =mation ) v l[ walls1 sc>cely traceable on ! ,s4,e41 except :5 ne> ! t]m9ator4 ,!re is a conspicu\s crat] on ! ,n4,w4 side ( ! floor1 & a curi\s squ>e enclosure1 ) a crat] on its ,w4 bord]1 abutt+ on ! ,n4,e4 wall4 ,,*evalli]4--,an inconspicu\s object enclos$ by slightly curv$ ridges4 ,x includes a deep bright crat]4 ,on ! ,n4 is a l[ squ>e =mation & a long ridge runn+ ,n4 f x4 ,j beyond ! ,n4,e4 wall is ! f9e l>ge crat]1 ,atlas ,a1 ) a mu* small] b equally conspicu\s crat] beyond4 ,a has a c5tral hill1 :i*1 9 spite ( ! bright int]ior1 is n a difficult feature4 ,,atlas4--,?is1 & its companion ,h]cules on ! ,e41 =m "u oblique illum9ation a v beautiful pair1 sc>cely surpass$ by any o!r simil> objects on ! fir/ quadrant4 ,its l(ty ramp>t1 #ee miles 9 diamet]1 is surm\nt$ by peaks1 :i* on ! ,n4 t[] to an altitude ( ne>ly #aa1jjj feet4 ,x exhibits an approa* to a polygonal outl9e1 ! l9eal "* ( ! bord] be+ especially well m>k$ on ! ,n4 ,! detail on ! some:at d>k int]ior w repay c>eful scrut9y ) high p[]s4 ,!re is a small b di/9ct c5tral m\nta91 s\? ( :i* /&s a numb] ( small] hills1 =m+ ) ! fir/ a circul> arrangem5t1 sugge/ive ( ! idea t !y repres5t ! relics ( a l>ge c5tral crat]4 ,sev]al clefts may be se5 on ! floor "u suitable illum9ation1 among !m a =k$ cleft on ! ,n4,e4 qu>t]1 & two o!rs1 orig9at+ at a dusky pit ( irregul> =m situat$ ne> ! foot ( ! ,s4,e4 wall1 "o ( :i* runs ,w4 ( ! c5tral hills1 & ! o!r on ! opposite side4 ,a ridge1 at times resembl+ a light m>k+1 ext5ds f ! c5tral m\nta9 to ! ,n4 bord]4 ,dur+ ! ye>s #ahgj & #ahga ,i be/[$ "s att5tion on ! dusky pit1 & 0 l$ to suspect t bo? x & ! surr\nd+ area v>y consid]ably 9 tone f "t to "t4 ,pr(essor ,w4,h4 ,pick]+1 obs]v+ ! =mation 9 #ahia ) a #ac in* telescope "u ! fav\rable atmosph]ic conditions :i* prevail at ,arequipa1 ,p]u1 confirm$ ?is supposition1 & has discov]$ "s v int]e/+ & sugge/ive facts relat+ to ^! v>iations1 :i*1 x is hop$1 w soon be made public4 ,on ! pla9 a %ort di/ance beyond ! foot ( ! glacis ( ! ,s4,e4 wall1 ,i h frequ5tly not$ a second dusky spot1 f :i* proce$s1 t[>ds ! ,e41 a long rill-l m>k+4 ,on ! ,n4 !re is a l>ge =mation enclos$ by rectil9eal ridges4 ,! out] slopes ( ! ramp>t ( ,atlas are v notewor?y "u a l[ sun4 ,,h]cules4--,! ea/]n companion ( ,atlas1 a f9e r+-pla91 ab\t #df miles 9 diamet]1 ) a complex bord]1 ris+ "s #aa1jjj feet above a depress$ floor4 ,!re are few =mations ( its class & size :i* display s mu* detail 9 ! %ape ( t]races1 app>5t l&slips1 & v>iation 9 brightness4 ,9 ! int]ior1 ,s4,e4 ( ! c5tre1 is a v conspicu\s crat]1 :i* is visible z a bright spot :5 ! =mation itself is h>dly traceable1 two l>ge crat]lets slightly ,n4 ( ! c5tre1 & sev]al fa9t little spots on ! ea/ ( !m4 ,! latt]1 detect$ "s ye>s ago by ,h]r ,hackel ( ,/uttg>t1 are arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a horse-%oe4 ,!re are two small contigu\s crat]s on ! ,s4,e4 wall1 "o ( :i*1 a difficult object1 0 rec5tly detect$ by ,mr4 ,w4,h4 ,maw1 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 ,! well-kn[n w$ge-%ap$ protub]ance on ! ,s4 wall is due to a l>ge irregul> depression4 ,on ! bright inn] slope ( ! ,n4 wall are manife/ indications ( a l&slip4 ,,endymion4--,a l>ge wall$-pla91 #gh miles 9 diamet]1 enclos$ by a l(ty1 broad1 bright bord]1 surm\nt$ 9 places by peaks :i* atta9 a height ( m ?an #aj1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 "o on ! ,w4 measur+ m ?an #ae1jjj feet4 ,! walls are mu* t]rac$ & exhibit two or ?ree breaks4 ,! d>k floor appe>s to be devoid ( detail4 ,s*midt1 h[ev]1 draws two l>ge irregul> m\nds ,e4 ( ! c5tre1 & %[s f\r n>r[ light /reaks cross+ ! int]ior ne>ly p>allel to ! long] axis ( ! =mation4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue4--,not)/&+ its great ext5t1 ?is =mation h>dly des]ves a di/9ctive "n1 z f ! l[ness ( its bord] x is sc>cely traceable 9 its entirety except "u v oblique light4 ,s*midt1 nev]!less1 draws x ) v def9ite walls1 & %[s sev]al ridges & small r+s 9 ! int]ior4 ,among ^! objects1 a little ,e4 ( ! c5tre1 !re is a prom95t peak4 ,,/rabo4--,a small wall$-pla91 #cb miles 9 diamet]1 connect$ ) ! ,n4 bord] ( ! la/4 ,,?ales4--,a bright =mation1 also associat$ ) ! ,n4 side ( ,de la ,rue1 adjo9+ ,/rabo on ! ,n4,e4 ,s*midt %[s a m9ute hill 9 ! int]ior4 ,!re are sev]al unnam$ =mations1 l>ge & small1 betwe5 ,de la ,rue & ! limb1 "s ( :i* are well wor?y ( exam9ation4 ,,we/ ,,longitude #dj deg4 ,,to #bj deg4 ,,maskelyne4--,a regul> r+-pla91 #ai miles 9 diamet]1 /&+ almo/ isolat$ 9 ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis4 ,! floor1 :i* includes a c5tral m\nta91 is depress$ "s #cjjj feet bel[ ! surr\nd+ surface4 ,!re are prom95t t]races on ! inn] slope ( ! walls4 ,s*midt %[s no crat]s ^u !m1 b ,madl] draws a small "o on ! ,e41 ! exi/5ce ( :i* ,i c confirm4 ,,mann]s4--,a brilliant little r+-pla91 #aa miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis4 ,!re appe>s to be no detail :atev] 9 connection ) its wall4 ,x has a di/9ct c5tral m\nta94 ,ab\t ?ree diamet]s di/ant on ! ,s4,w4 !re is a bright crat]1 omitt$ by ,madl] & ,neison4 ,,arago4--,a mu* l>g] =mation1 #ah miles 9 diamet]1 ,n4 ( ! la/1 ) a small crat] on its ,n4 bord]1 & exhibit+ two or ?ree spurs f ! wall on ! opposite side4 ,! inn] slopes are t]rac$1 & !re is a small c5tral m\nta94 ,!re are two curi\s circul> protub]ances on ! ,m>e ,e4 ( ,arago1 :i* are well se5 :5 ! ,w4 longitude ( ! morn+ t]m9ator is ab\t #ai deg41 & a long cleft1 pass+ ab\t midway betwe5 !m1 & ext5d+ f ! foot ( ! ,e4 wall to a small crat] on ! edge ( ! ,m>e ne> ,sosig5es4 ,ano!r cleft1 also t]m9at+ at ?is crat]1 runs t[>ds ,arago & ! m nor!rly ( ! protub]ances4 ,,cau*y4--,a bright little crat]1 n m ?an #g or #h miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,w4 side ( ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis1 ,n4,e4 ( ,t>untius4 ,x has a peak on its ,w4 rim consid]ably l(ti] ?an ! re/ ( ! wall1 :i* is visible z a brilliant spot at sunrise long be=e ! re/ ( ! ramp>t is illum9at$4 ,on ! ,s4 !re are two bright longitud9al ridges rang+ f ,n4,e4 to ,s4,w4 ,^! /& 9 ! position :]e ,neison draws two /raight clefts4 ,! ,cau*y cleft1 h[ev]1 lies ,n4 ( ^!1 & t]m9ates1 z %[n by ,s*midt1 among ! m\nta9s ,n4,e4 ( ,t>untius4 ,i h se5 x ?us on _m occasions1 & x is s repres5t$ 9 a draw+ by ,m4,e4 ,/uva]t 7,dess9s de la ,lune74 ,!re is a numb] ( m9ute crat]s & m\nds /&+ on ! ,s4 side ( ?is cleft1 & _m o!rs 9 ! vic9ity4 ,,jans54--,ow+ to its comp>atively l[ bord]1 ?is is n a v conspicu\s object4 ,x is *iefly rem>kable = ! curi\s arrangem5t ( ! m\nta9s & ridges on ! ,s4 & ,w4 ( x4 ,!re is a bright little crat] on ! ,s4 side ( ! floor1 & _m notewor?y objects ( ! same class 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,! m\nta9 arm runn+ ,s41 & ultimately b5d+ ,e41 =ms a l>ge incomplete hook-%ap$ =mation t]m9at+ at a r+-pla91 ,jans5 ,b4 ,! ridges 9 ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis betwe5 ,jans5 ,b4 & ! region ,e4 ( ,maskelyne display "u a l[ sun fold+s & wr9kl+s ( a v extraord9>y k9d4 ,,macle>4--,a conspicu\s r+-pla9 ab\t #af miles 9 diamet]4 ,! d>k floor includes1 accord+ to ,madl]1 a delicate c5tral hill :i* ,s*midt does n %[4 ,neison1 h[ev]1 saw a fa9t greyi% m>k1 & an und\bt$ peak has be5 subsequ5tly record$4 ,i h n succe$$ 9 see+ any detail )9 ! bord]1 :i* 9 %ape resembles a triangle ) curv$ sides4 ,,ross4--,a some:at l>g] r+-pla9 ( irregul> =m1 on ! ,n4,w4 ( ! la/4 ,!re are gaps on ! bright ,s4,w4 bord] & a crat] on ! ,s4,e4 wall4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is an easy feature4 ,,pl9ius4--,?is magnific5t object rem9ds "o at sunrise ( a great =tress or r$\bt erect$ to comm& ! passage betwe5 ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis & ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis4 ,x is #cb miles 9 diamet]1 & is encompass$ by a v massive ramp>t1 ris+ at "o peak on ! ,e4 to m ?an #fjjj feet above ! int]ior1 & display+1 especially on ! ,s4,e41 & ,n41 _m spurs & buttresses4 ,! ext]ior slopes at sunrise1 & ev5 :5 ! sun is m ?an #aj deg4 above ! horizon1 are se5 to be trav]s$ by wide & deep valleys4 ,! ,s4 glacis is especially broad1 ext5d+ to a di/ance ( #aj or #ab miles be=e x runs d[n to ! level ( ! pla94 ,! %ape ( ! circumvallation1 :5 x is fully illum9at$1 approximates v closely to t ( an equilat]al triangle ) curv$ sides4 ,!re are two bright little crat]s on ! out] slope1 j bel[ ! summit ridge on ! ,s4,e41 & ano!r1 l>g]1 on ! ,n4 wall1 9 :i* x makes a prom95t gap4 ,! int]ior is consid]ably bright] ?an ! surface ( ! surr\nd+ ,m>e1 &1 a little ,s4 ( ! c5tre1 includes two crat]-l objects ) brok5 rims4 ,^! assume diff]5t aspects "u diff]5t conditions ( illum9ation1 & x is only :5 ! floor is light$ by a comp>atively l[ morn+ sun1 t _! true "* is app>5t4 ,on ! ,n4,w4 qu>t] ( ! int]ior are two small] di/9ct crat]s1 & a squ>e arrangem5t ( ridges4 ,on ! ,n4,e4 !re are "s hillocks & m9or elevations4 ,! ,pl9ius rills =m an especially int]e/+ sy/em1 & "u fav\rable conditions may be se5 9 _! entirety ) a good #d in* refractor1 ab\t ! "t :5 ! morn+ t]m9ator passes ?r\gh ,julius ,caes>4 ,!y consi/ ( ?ree long fissures1 orig9at+ amid ! ,haemus highl&s1 on ! ,s4 side ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 & div]g+ t[>ds ! ,w4 ,! mo/ s\!rly comm5ces ,s4,s4,e4 ( ! ,a*]usian promontory 7a great headl&1 #ejjj feet high1 at ! ,w4 t]m9ation ( ! ,haemus range71 &1 foll[+ a some:at undulat+ c\rse1 runs up to ! ,n4 side ( ,dawes4 ,"u a l[ ev5+ sun1 ,i h rem>k$ _m inequalities 9 ! wid? ( t portion ( x imm$iately ,n4 ( ,pl9ius1 :i* appe> to indicate t x is "h made up ( r[s ( inosculat+ crat]s4 ,! cleft nor? ( ?is orig9ates v ne> x1 passes a little ,s4 ( ! promontory1 & runs to ! ,e4 edge ( ! plateau surr\nd+ ,dawes4 ,! ?ird & mo/ nor!rly cleft beg9s at a po9t imm$iately ,n4 ( ! promontory1 cuts ?r\gh ! ,s4 end ( ! well-kn[n ,s]p5t9e ridge on ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 &1 aft] foll[+ a c\rse slightly concave to ! ,n41 dies out on ! ,n4 side ( ! plateau4 ,?is cleft =ms ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! d>k tone ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis & ! light hue ( ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis1 traceable "u ne>ly e condition ( illum9ation1 & prom95t 9 all good photographs4 ,,dawes4--,a r+-pla9 #ad miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ ,n4,w4 ( ,pl9ius1 on a ne>ly circul> light area4 ,its bright bord] rises to a height ( #bjjj feet above ! ,m>e1 & includes a c5tral m\nta91 a :ite m>k+ on ! ,e41 & a ridge runn+ f ! m\nta9 to ! ,s4 wall4 ,!re are two closely p>allel clefts on ! ,n4 side ( ! plateau runn+ f ,e4 to ,w41 t ne>] ,dawes be+ ! long]1 & hav+ a crat]let /&+ ^u x ab\t midway betwe5 its extremities4 ,at its ,w4 t]m9ation !re is a crat]-r[ runn+ at "r angles to x4 ,! light area appe>s to be b\nd$ on ! ,e4 by a l[ curv$ bank4 ,,vitruvius4--,a r+-pla9 #ai miles 9 diamet] ) bright b n v l(ty walls1 situat$ among ! m\nta9s ne> ! ,s4,w4 side ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis4 ,x is surr\nd$ by a region rem>kable = its great v>iability 9 brightness4 ,!re is a l>ge bright r+-pla9 on ! ,w41 ) a less conspicu\s companion on ! ,s4 ( x4 ,,m>aldi4--,a deep b r inconspicu\s =mation1 b\nd$ on ! ,w4 by a polygonal bord]4 ,a small r+-pla9 ) a c5tral m\nta9 is connect$ ) ! ,s4,w4 wall2 &1 runn+ 9 a ,n4 direction f ?is1 is a %ort m\nta9 arm :i* jo9s a l>ge circul> enclosure ) a l[ brok5 bord] /&+ on ! ,n4 side ( ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis4 ,,littr[4--,a peculi> r+-pla91 r small] ?an ! la/1 "s di/ance ,n4 ( ,vitruvius1 on ! rocky ,w4 bord] ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis4 ,x is %ap$ l ! lett] ,d1 ! /raight side fac+ ! ,w4 ,!re is a di/9ct crat] on ! ,n4 wall4 ,on ! ,n4,w4 x is flank$ by ?ree irregul> r+-pla9s1 & on ! ,s4,e4 by a f\r?4 ,neison %[s two small m\nta9s on ! floor1 b ,s*midt1 ^: draw+ is v true to nature1 has no detail :atev]4 ,a f9e cleft may be trac$ f ne> ! foot ( ! ,e4 wall to ,m\nt ,argaeus1 pass+ ,s4 ( a bright crat] on ! ,m>e ,e4 ( ,littr[4 ,x ext5ds t[>ds ! ,pl9ius sy/em1 & is probably connect$ ) x4 ,,m\nt ,,argaeus4--,!re are few objects on ! moon's visible surface :i* af=d a m /rik+ & beautiful picture ?an ?is m\nta9 & its surr\nd+ heights ) _! %ad[s a few h\rs aft] sunrise4 ,x atta9s an altitude ( m ?an #hjjj feet above ! ,m>e1 & at a c]ta9 phase resembles a bright spe>-head or dagg]4 ,!re is a well- def9$ rimm$ depression abutt+ on its s\!rn po9t4 ,,rom]4--,a prom95t =mation ( irregul> outl9e1 #bd miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,taurus highl&s4 ,x has a v l>ge c5tral m\nta91 a crat] on ! ,n4 side ( ! floor1 & t]rac$ inn] slopes4 ,"s di/ance on ! ,n4 is ano!r r+1 ne>ly z l>ge1 ) a crat] on its ,s4 rim1 & betwe5 ?is & ,posidonius is ano!r ) a wide gap on ! ,s4 & a crat] on its ,n4 bord]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable crat]-rills on ! moon runs f ! ,e4 side ( ,rom] ?r\gh ?is latt] r+1 & !n nor?w>ds on to ! pla9 ,w4 ( ,posidonius4 ,"u suitable conditions1 x c be se5 z su* 9 a #d in* a*romatic4 ,x is easily traceable z a rill 9 a photograph ( ! ,n4 pol> region ( ! moon tak5 by ,,mm4 ,h5ry at ! ,p>is ,obs]vatory1 & rec5tly publi%$ 9 ,k4 ,,le ,,monni]4--,a great inflection or bay on ! ,w4 bord] ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis ,s4 ( ,posidonius4 ,l _m o!r simil> =mations on ! edges ( ! ,m>ia1 x appe>s at "o "t or o!r to h _h a cont9u\s ramp>t1 :i* on ! side fac+ ! sea has be5 de/roy$4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 mo/ ( ! o!r cases1 relics ( ! ru9 are traceable "u oblique light4 ,a f9e cresc5t-%ap$ m\nta91 #cjjj feet high1 /&s ne> ! ,s4 side ( ! gap1 & probably repres5ts a portion ( a once l(ty wall4 ,x w repay ! obs]v] to wat* ! progress ( sunrise on ! :ole ( ! ,w4 coa/-l9e ( ! ,m>e up to ,m\nt ,argaeus4 ,,posidonius4--,?is magnific5t r+-pla9 is ju/ly reg>d$ z "o ( ! f9e/ telescopic objects 9 ! fir/ quadrant4 ,its n>r[ bright wall ) its s]rat$ %ad[1 ! conspicu\s crat]1 ! clefts & ridges & o!r details on ! floor1 toge!r ) ! beautiful gr\p ( objects on ! neighb\r+ pla91 & ! great ,s]p5t9e ridge on ! ,e41 nev] fail to excite ! int]e/ ( ! obs]v]4 ,! circumvallation1 :i* is f> f be+ p]fectly regul>1 is ab\t #fb miles 9 diamet]1 &1 consid]+ its size1 is n rem>kable = its altitude1 z x n[h]e exce$s #fjjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* is depress$ ab\t #bjjj feet bel[ ! surr\nd+ pla94 ,its cont9uity1 especially on ! ,e41 is int]rupt$ by gaps4 ,on ! ,n41 ! wall is notably de=m$4 ,x is broad] & m regul> on ! ,w41 :]e x includes a l>ge longitud9al depression1 & on ! ,n4,w4 section /& two bright little r+-pla9s4 ,on ! floor1 :i* %9es ) a glitt]+ lu/re1 are ! well-m>k$ rema9s ( a second r+1 ne>ly conc5tric ) ! pr9cipal ramp>t1 & sep>at$ f x by an int]val ( n9e or t5 miles4 ,! mo/ prom95t object1 h[ev]1 is ! bright crat] a little ,e4 ( ! c5tre4 ,?is is p>tially surr\nd$ on ! ,w4 by ?ree or f\r small bright m\nta9s1 ?r\gh :i* runs 9 a m]idional direction a rill-valley1 n easily trac$ z a :ole1 except "u a l[ sun4 ,!re is ano!r cleft on ! ,n4,e4 side ( ! int]ior1 :i* is an app>5t ext5sion ( "p ( ! inn] r+1 a transv]se rill-valley on ! ,n41 a f\r? quasi rill on ! ,n4,w41 & a fif? %ort cleft on ! ,s4 "p ( ! floor4 ,betwe5 ! pr9cipal crat] & ! ,s4,e4 wall are two small] crat]s1 :i* are easy objects4 ,beyond ! bord] on ! ,n41 9 addition to ,daniell1 are f\r conspicu\s crat]s & _m ridges4 ,,*acornac4--,?is object1 connect$ ) ,posidonius on ! ,s4,w41 is rem>kable = ! brilliancy ( its bord] & ! peculi>ity ( its %ape1 :i* is v cle>ly t ( an irregul> p5tagon ) l9e> sides4 ,i always f9d ! detail )9 v difficult to make out4 ,two or m l[ ridges1 trav]s+ ! floor f ,n4 to ,s41 & a small crat]1 are1 h[ev]1 cle>ly visible "u oblique illum9ation4 ,s*midt draws a crat]-rill1 & ,neison two p>allel rills on ! floor1--! =m] ext5ds 9 a s\!rly direction to ! ,w4 side ( ,le ,monni]4 ,,daniell4--,a bright little r+-pla9 ,n4 ( ,posidonius4 ,x is connect$ ) a small] r+-pla9 on ! ,n4,w4 wall ( ! latt] by a l[ ridge4 ,,bond1 ,g4,p4--,a small bright r+-pla9 #ab miles 9 diamet]1 ,w4 ( ,posidonius4 ,neison %[s a crat] bo? on ! ,n4 & ,s4 rim4 ,s*midt omits ^!4 ,,maury4--,a bright deep little r+-pla91 ab\t #ab miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,w4 bord] ( ! ,lacus ,somniorum4 ,x is ! c5tre ( f\r prom95t hill ranges4 ,,grove4--,a bright deep r+-pla91 #ae miles 9 diamet]1 9 ! ,lacus ,somniorum1 ) a bord] ris+ #gjjj feet above a greatly depress$ floor1 :i* includes a prom95t m\nta94 ,,mason4--,! m we/]ly ( two rem>kable r+-pla9s1 situat$ 9 ! highl&s on ! ,s4 side ( ! ,lacus ,mortis4 ,x is #ad miles 9 diamet]1 has a di/9ct crat] on its ,s4 wall1 &1 accord+ to ,s*midt1 a crat] on ! ,e4 side ( ! floor4 ,,plana4--,a =mation #bc miles 9 diamet]1 closely associat$ ) ! la/4 ,neison /ates t ! floor is convex & high] ?an ! surr\nd+ region4 ,x has a triangul>-%ap$ c5tral m\nta91 a crat]1 & at lea/ ?ree o!r depressions on ! ,s4,w4 wall :]e x jo9s ,mason4 ,,burg4--,a notewor?y =mation1 #bh miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,m>e1 ,n4 ( ,plana4 ,! floor is concave1 & includes a v l>ge bright m\nta91 :i* occupies a great portion ( x4 ,! int]ior slopes are prom95tly t]rac$1 & !re are sev]al spurs associat$ ) ! glacis on ! ,s4 & ,n4,e4 ,a di/9ct cleft runs f ! ,n4 side ( ! =mation to ! ,s4,e4 bord] ( ! ,lacus ,somniorum1 :i* is cross$ by ano!r w9d+ cleft runn+ f a crat] ,e4 ( ,plana t[>ds ! ,n4,e4 ,,baily4--,a small r+-pla91 ,n4 ( ,burg1 flank$ by m\nta9s1 ) a l>ge bright crat] on ! ,w4 ,! gr\p ( m\nta9s /&+ ab\t midway betwe5 x & ,burg are v notewor?y4 ,,g>tn]4--,a v l>ge wall$-pla9 ) a l[ incomplete bord] on ! ,e41 b def9$ on ! ,w4 by a l(ty wall4 ,s*midt %[s a curv$ crat]- r[ on ! ,w4 side ( ! floor4 ,,democritus4--,a deep regul> r+-pla91 ab\t #be miles 9 diamet]1 ) a bright c5tral m\nta9 & l(ty t]rac$ walls4 ,,arnold4--,a great enclosure1 b\nd$1 l s _m o!r =mations h]eab\ts1 by /raight p>allel walls4 ,!re is a some:at small] wall$-pla9 adjo9+ x on ! ,w4 ,,moigno4--,a r+-pla9 ) a d>k floor1 adjo9+ ! la/ on ! ,n4,e4 ,!re is a conspicu\s little crat] 9 ! int]ior4 ,,euctemon4--,?is object is s close to ! limb t v little c be made ( its details "u ! mo/ fav\rable conditions4 ,accord+ to ,neison1 !re is a peak on ! ,n4 wall #aa1jjj feet 9 height4 ,,meton4--,a peculi>ly-%ap$ wall$-pla9 ( great size1 exhibit+ consid]able p>allelism4 ,! floor is se5 to be v rugg$ "u oblique illum9ation4 ,,we/ ,,longitude #bj deg4 ,,to #j deg4 ,,sab9e4--,! m we/]ly ( a rem>kable pair ( r+-pla9s1 ( :i* ,ritt] is ! o!r memb]1 situat$ on ! ,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis a little ,n4 ( ! lun> equator4 ,x is ab\t #ah miles 9 diamet]1 & has a l[ cont9u\s bord]1 :i* includes a c5tral m\nta9 on a bright floor4 ,f a m\nta9 arm ext5d+ f ! ,s4 wall1 run 9 a we/]ly direction two ne>ly p>allel clefts skirt+ ! edge ( ! ,m>e4 ,! m s\!rly ( ^! t]m9ates ne> a depression on a rocky headl& project+ f ! coa/-l9e1 & ! o!r /ops a few miles %ort ( ?is4 ,a ?ird cleft1 comm5c+ at a po9t ,n4,e4 ( ! headl&1 runs 9 ! same direction up to a small crat] ne> ! ,n4 end ( ano!r cape-l projection4 ,at #h h4 on ,april #i1 #ahhf1 :5 ! morn+ t]m9ator bisect$ ,sab9e1 ,i trac$ x /ill f>!r 9 ! same direction4 ,all ^! clefts exhibit consid]able v>iations 9 wid?1 b become n>r[] z !y proce$ we/w>ds4 ,,ritt]4--,is v simil> 9 e respect to ! la/4 ,a curv$ rill m5tion$ by ,neison is on ! ,n4,e4 side ( ! floor & is conc5tric ) ! wall4 ,on ! ,n4 side ( ?is r+-pla9 are ?ree conspicu\s crat]s1 ! two ne>] be+ equal 9 size & ! ?ird mu* small]4 ,,s*midt4--,a bright crat] at ! foot ( ! ,s4 slope ( ,ritt]4 ,,dionysius4--,?is crat]1 #ac miles 9 diamet]1 is "o ( ! brighte/ spots on ! lun> surface4 ,x /&s on ! ,e4 bord] ( ! ,m>e1 ab\t #cj miles ,e4,n4,e4 ( ,ritt]4 ,a di/9ct crat]-r[ runs r\nd its out] bord] on ! ,w41 & ultimately1 z a delicate cleft1 /rikes across ! ,m>e to ! ,e4 side ( ,ritt]4 ,bo? crat]-r[ & cleft are easy objects 9 a #d in* a*romatic "u morn+ illum9ation4 ,,ariadaeus4--,a bright little crat] ( polygonal %ape1 ) ano!r crat] ( ab\t "o-?ird ! area adjo9+ x on ! ,n4,w41 situat$ on ! rocky ,e4 m>g9 ( ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis1 ,n4,e4 ( ,ritt]4 ,a %ort cleft runs f x t[>ds ! latt]1 b dies out ab\t midway4 ,a second cleft beg9s ne> its t]m9ation1 & runs up to ! ,n4,e4 wall ( ,ritt]4 ,e4 ( ?is pair a ?ird di/9ct cleft1 orig9at+ at a po9t on ! coa/-l9e ab\t midway betwe5 ,ariadaeus & ,dionysius1 ends ne> ! same place on ! bord]4 ,!re is a f\r? cleft ext5d+ f ! ,n4 side ( a little bay ,n4 ( ,ariadaeus across ! ,m>e to a po9t ,n4,w4 ( ! m nor!rly ( ! ?ree crat]s ,n4 ( ,ritt]4 ,at a small crat] on ! ,s4 flank ( ! m\nta9s bord]+ ! little bay ,n4 ( ,ariadaeus orig9ates "o ( ! longe/ & mo/ notewor?y clefts on ! moon's visible surface1 discov]$ m ?an a c5tury ago by ,s*rot] ( ,lili5?al4 ,x v>ies consid]ably 9 bread? & dep?1 b ?r\gh\t its c\rse ov] ! pla91 betwe5 ,ariadaeus & ,silb]s*lag1 x c be foll[$ )\t difficulty 9 a v small telescope4 ,e4 ( ! latt] =mation1 t[>ds ,hyg9us 7) :i* rill-sy/em x is connect$71 x is g5]ally m difficult4 ,a few miles ,e4 ( ,ariadaeus x s5ds out a %ort bran*1 runn+ 9 a ,s4,w4 direction1 :i* c be trac$ z a f9e :ite l9e "u a mod]ately high sun4 ,x is int]e/+ to foll[ ! c\rse ( ! pr9cipal cleft across ! pla91 & to note its progress ?r\gh ! ridges & m\nta9 gr\ps x enc\nt]s4 ,9 ! great ,lick telescope x is se5 to trav]se "s old crat]-r+s :i* h n be5 reveal$ 9 small] in/rum5ts4 ,ab\t midway betwe5 ,ariadaeus & ,silb]s*lag x exhibits a duplication = a %ort di/ance1 fir/ detect$ by ,webb4 ,,de ,,morgan4--,a brilliant little crat]1 #d miles 9 diamet]1 on ! pla9 ,s4 ( ! ,ariadaeus cleft4 ,,cayley4--,a v deep bright crat]1 ) a d>k int]ior1 ,n4 ( ! la/1 & m ?an d\ble its diamet]4 ,!re is a second crat] betwe5 ?is & ! cleft4 ,,:ewell4--,ano!r bright little r+1 ab\t #c miles 9 diamet]1 "s di/ance to ! ,e4 ( ,de ,morgan & ,cayley4 ,,sosig5es4--,a small circul> r+-pla91 #ad miles 9 diamet]1 ) n>r[ walls1 a c5tral m\nta91 & a m9ute crat] outside ! wall on ! ,e42 situat$ on ! ,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis1 ,w4 ( ,julius ,caes>4 ,!re is ano!r crat]1 ab\t half its diamet]1 on ! ,s41 connect$ ) x by a l[ m\nd4 ,?is has a /ill small] crat] on ! ,w4 ( x4 ,,julius ,,caes>4--,a l>ge incomplete =mation ( irregul> %ape4 ,! wall on ! ,e4 is mu* t]rac$1 & =ms a flat ,s curve4 ,! summit ridge is especially bright1 & has a conspicu\s little crat] ^u x4 ,on ! ,w4 is a numb] ( n>r[ longitud9al valleys tr5d+ f ,n4 to ,s41 includ$ by a wide valley :i* con/itutes ! b\nd>y on ?is side4 ,! bord] on ! ,s4 consi/s ( a numb] ( l[ r\nd$ banks1 ^? imm$iately ,e4 ( ,sosig5es be+ trav]s$ by sev]al %all[ valleys1 :i* look z if !y _h be5 %ap$ by alluvial action4 ,!re is a brilliant little hill at ! end ( "o ( ^! valleys1 a few miles ,e4 ( ,sosig5es4 ,! floor ( ,julius ,caes> is unev5 9 tone1 becom+ gradually duski] f ,s4 to ,n41 ! nor!rn end rank+ among ! d>ke/ areas on ! lun> surface4 ,!re are at lea/ ?ree l>ge circul> swell+s 9 ! int]ior4 ,a long l[ m\nd1 ) two or ?ree depressions ^u x1 b\nds ! wide valley on ! ,e4 side4 ,,god94--,a squ>e-%ap$ r+-pla91 #bh miles 9 diamet]1 ) r\nd$ corn]s4 ,! bright ramp>t is ev]y:]e l(ty1 except on ! ,s41 is mu* t]rac$1 & includes a c5tral m\nta94 ,on ! ,s4 a curi\s trumpet-%ap$ valley1 ext5d+ "s di/ance t[>ds ! ,s4,w41 & b\nd$ by bright walls1 is a notewor?y feature at sunrise4 ,!re are o!r longitud9al valleys ) associat$ ridges on ?is side ( ! =mation1 all runn+ 9 ! same direction4 ,!re is a l>ge bright crat] outside ! bord] on ! ,n4,e41 &1 betwe5 x & ! wall1 ano!r1 small]1 :i* is readily se5 "u a high sun4 ,,agrippa4--,a r+-pla9 #bh miles 9 diamet] on ! ,n4 ( ! la/1 ) a t]rac$ bord] ris+ to a height ( betwe5 #gjjj & #hjjj feet above ! floor1 :i* conta9s a l>ge bright c5tral m\nta9 & two crat]s on ! ,s4 ,! %ape ( ?is =mation deviates v consid]ably f circul>ity1 ! ,n4 wall1 on :i* /&s a small crat]1 be+ almo/ l9eal4 ,on ! ,w41 at a di/ance ( a few miles1 runs ! prom95t m\nta9 range1 ext5d+ nor?w>ds ne>ly up to ! ,e4 flank ( ,julius ,caes>1 :i* b\nds ! ,e4 side ( ! great ,ariadaeus pla94 ,betwe5 ?is rocky b>ri] & ,agrippa is a v notewor?y enclosure conta9+ mu* m9ute detail & a long /raight ridge resembl+ a cleft4 ,a few miles ,n4 ( ,agrippa /&s a small crat]2 at a po9t ,w4 ( :i* ! ,hyg9us cleft orig9ates4 ,,silb]s*lag4--,a v brilliant crat]1 #h or #i miles 9 diamet]1 connect$ ) ! great m\nta9 range j ref]r$ to4 ,! ,ariadaeus cleft cuts ?r\gh ! range a few miles ,n4 ( x4 ,?is neighb\rhood at sunrise pres5ts a gr& spectacle4 ,) high p[]s "u good atmosph]ic conditions1 ! pla9 ,e4 ( ! m\nta9s is se5 to be trav]s$ by a numb] ( %all[ w9d+ valleys1 tr5d+ t[>ds ,agrippa1 & sep>at$ by l[ r\nd$ hills :i* h all ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 m\ld$ by ! action ( wat]4 ,,boscovi*4--,?is is n a v /rik+ telescopic object "u any phase1 on acc\nt ( its brok51 irregul>1 & g5]ally ill-def9$ bord]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 rem>kable z be+ "o ( ! d>ke/ spots on ! visible surface3 9 ?is respect a fit companion to ,julius ,caes>1 its neighb\r on ! ,w4 ,s*midt %[s "s ridges )9 x4 ,,rhaeticus4--,a v int]e/+ =mation1 ab\t #be miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ ne> ! lun> equator1 ) a bord] int]sect$ by _m passes4 ,a deep rill-l valley w9ds r\nd its ea/]n glacis1 comm5c+ on ! ,s4 at a small circul> enclosure /&+ at ! end ( a spur f ! wall2 &1 aft] cross+ a ridge ,w4 ( a bright little crat] on ! ,n4 ( ! =mation1 app>5tly jo9s ! mo/ ea/]ly cleft ( ! ,triesneck] sy/em4 ,a cleft trav]ses ! ,n4 side ( ! floor ( ,rhaeticus1 & ext5ds across ! pla9 on ! ,e4 z f> z ! ,n4 side ( ,reaumur4 ,,triesneck]4--,ap>t f be+ ! c5tre ( "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable rill-sy/ems on ! moon1 ?is r+-pla91 ?\gh only ab\t #ad miles 9 diamet]1 is an object especially wor?y ( exam9ation "u e phase4 ,at sunrise1 & = "s "t aft]w>ds1 ow+ to ! sup]ior altitude ( ! ,n4,w4 section ( ! wall1 a consid]able portion ( ! bord] on ! ,n4 & ,n4,e4 is mask$ by its %ad[1 :i* ?us appe>s to de/roy its cont9uity4 ,on m ?an "o occasion1 fri5ds1 to :om ,i h %[n ?is object "u ^! conditions1 h lik5$ x to a brea*$ volcanic cone1 a comp>ison :i* at a lat] /age is se5 to be v inappropriate4 ,! ramp>t is t]rac$ )91 & exhibits _m spurs & buttresses )\t1 especially on ! ,n4,w4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is small & n conspicu\s4 ,! rill-sy/em is f> too complicat$ to be intelligibly describ$ 9 words4 ,x lies on ! ,w4 side ( ! m]idian pass+ ?r\gh ! =mation1 & ext5ds f ! ,n4 side ( ,rhaeticus to ! m\nta9-l& ly+ betwe5 ,uk]t & ,hyg9us on ! ,n4 ,birt lik5$ ^! rills to an inv]t$ riv] sy/em1 a comp>ison :i* w comm5d itself to mo/ obs]v]s :o h se5 !m on a good night1 = 9 _m in/ances !y appe> to become wid] & deep] z !y approa* high] gr\nd4 ,publi%$ maps are all m or less defective 9 _! repres5tations ( !m1 especially z reg>ds t portion ( ! sy/em ly+ ,n4 ( ,triesneck]4 ,,hyg9us4--,a deep depression1 r less ?an #d miles across1 ) a l[ rim ( v>y+ altitude1 hav+ a crat] on its ,n4 edge4 ,?is =mation is rem>kable = ! great cleft :i* trav]ses x1 discov]$ by ,s*rot] 9 #aghh4 ,! co>s] p>ts ( ?is object are easily visible 9 small telescopes1 & may be glimps$ "u suitable conditions ) a #b in* a*romatic4 ,comm5c+ a little ,w4 ( a small crat] ,n4 ( ,agrippa1 x crosses1 z a v delicate object1 a pla9 ab\nd+ 9 l[ ridges & %all[ valleys1 & runs ne>ly p>allel to ! ea/]n ext5sion ( ! ,ariadaeus rill4 ,z x approa*es ,hyg9us x becomes gradually co>s]1 & exhibits _m expansions & contractions1 ! =m] 9 _m cases evid5tly repres5t+ crat]s4 ,:5 ! phase is fav\rable1 x c be foll[$ across ! floor ( ,hyg9us1 & ,i h frequ5tly se5 ! banks ) :i* x appe>s to be b\nd$ 7at any rate )9 ! =mation71 /&+ out z f9e bright p>allel l9es amid ! %ad[4 ,on rea*+ ! ,e4 wall1 x turns some:at m to ! ,n41 becomes /ill co>s] & m irregul> 9 bread?1 & ultimately exp&s into a wide valley on ! ,n4,e4 ,x is connect$ ) ! ,ariadaeus cleft by a bran* :i* leaves ! latt] at an acute angle on ! pla9 ,e4 ( ,silb]s*lag1 & jo9s x ab\t midway betwe5 its orig9 ,n4 ( ,agrippa & ,hyg9us4 ,x is also probably jo9$ to ! ,triesneck] sy/em by "o or m bran*es ,e4 ( ,hyg9us4 ,on ,may #bg1 #ahgg1 ,dr4 ,h]mann ,kle9 ( ,cologne discov]$1 ) a #e #a_/b in* ,plosel dialyte telescope1 a d>k app>5t depression )\t a rim 9 ! ,m>e ,vaporum1 a few miles ,n4,w4 ( ,hyg9us1 :i*1 f twelve ye>s' acqua9tance ) ! region1 he 0 c]ta9 _h n be5 visible dur+ t p]iod4 ,on ! ann\ncem5t ( ?is discov]y 9 ! ,wo*5s*rift fur ,a/ronomie 9 ,m>* ( ! foll[+ ye>1 ! exi/5ce ( ! object describ$ by ,dr4 ,kle9 0 confirm$1 & x 0 s$ul\sly scrut9is$ "u v>i\s sol> altitudes4 ,to mo/ obs]v]s x appe>$ z an ill-def9$ object ) a some:at nebul\s bord]1 /&+ on an irregul>ly-%ap$ dusky area1 ) two or m small d>k crat]s & _m l[ ridges 9 its vic9ity4 ,a little ,e4 ( x /&s a curi\s spiral m\nta9 call$ ! ,s*neck5b]g4 ,! "q z to :e!r ,hyg9us ,n4 7z ! dusky spot is call$7 is a new object or n1 _c be def9itely det]m9$1 z1 9 spite ( a /rong case 9 fav\r ( x be+ s1 !re rema9s a residuum ( d\bt & unc]ta9ty t c nev] be entirely cle>$ away4 ,aft] weigh+1 h[ev]1 all t c be said = & aga9/1 ! hypo!sis ( *ange seems to be ! mo/ probable4 ,,uk]t4--,?is bright crat]1 #ad miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ 9 ! region ,n4,e4 ( ,triesneck]1 is surr\nd$ by a v complicat$ arrangem5t ( m\nta9s2 & on ! ,n4 & ,w4 is flank$ by o!r enclosures4 ,x has a di/9ct c5tral m\nta94 ,its mo/ notewor?y feature is ! great valley1 m ?an #hj miles long1 :i* ext5ds f ,n4,e4 to ,s4,w4 on ! ,e4 side ( x4 ,?is gorge is at lea/ six miles 9 bread?1 ( great dep?1 & is only comp>able 9 magnitude ) ! well-kn[n valley :i* cuts ?r\gh ! ,alps1 ,w4 ( ,plato4 ,a delicate cleft1 n v cle>ly traceable z a :ole1 beg9s ne> its ,n4 end1 & t]m9ates amid ! ramifications ( ! ,ap5n9es ,s4 ( ,m>co ,polo4 ,,taquet4--,a conspicu\s little crat] on ! ,s4 bord] ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis at ! foot ( ! ,haemus ,m\nta9s4 ,a bran* ( ! great ,s]p5t9e ridge1 :i* trav]ses ! ,w4 side ( ?is pla9 & o!r less] elevations1 runs t[>ds x4 ,,m5elaus4--,a conspicu\sly bright regul> r+-pla91 ab\t #bj miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ on ! ,s4 coa/-l9e ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 & closely associat$ ) ! ,haemus range4 ,x has a brilliant c5tral m\nta91 b no visible detail on ! walls4 ,on ! edge ( ! ,m>e1 ,s4,w4 ( x1 !re is a curi\s squ>e =mation4 ,! bright /reak trav]s+ ! ,m>e f ,n4 to ,s41 :i* is s prom95tly display$ 9 old maps ( ! moon1 passes ?r\gh ?is =mation4 ,,sulpicius ,,gallus4--,ano!r brilliant object on ! s\? edge ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 "s di/ance ,e4 ( ! la/4 ,x is a deep circul> crat] ab\t #h miles 9 diamet]1 ris+ to a consid]able height above ! surface4 ,its %ad[ "u a l[ morn+ sun is prom95tly jagg$4 ,on ! ,e4 are two bright m\nds1 & ,s4 ( t :i* is ne>] ! bord] ( ! ,m>e1 comm5ces a cleft :i*1 foll[+ ! curvature ( ! coa/- l9e1 t]m9ates at a po9t 9 ,w4 long4 #i deg4 ,?is object v>ies consid]ably 9 wid? & dep?4 ,ano!r %ort] & co>s] cleft runs ,s4 ( ?is across an irregul>ly %ap$ bay or inflexion 9 ! bord] ( ! ,m>e4 ,,manilius4--,?is1 "o ( ! mo/ brilliant objects 9 ! fir/ quadrant1 is ab\t #be miles 9 diamet]1 ) walls ne>ly #hjjj feet above ! floor1 :i* includes a bright c5tral m\nta94 ,! inn] slope ( ! bord] on ! ,e4 is mu* t]rac$ & conta9s "s depressions4 ,!re is a small isolat$ bright m\nta9 #bjjj feet high on ! ,m>e ,vaporum1 "s di/ance to ! ,e4 ,,bessel4--,a bright circul> crat]1 #ad miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4 half ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 & ! l>ge/ object ( its class !reon4 ,its floor is depress$ "s #bjjj feet bel[ ! surr\nd+ surface1 :ile ! walls1 ris+ ne>ly #afjj feet above ! pla91 h peaks bo? on ! ,n4 & ,s4 ab\t #bjj feet high]4 ,! %ad[s ( ^! features1 not$ by ,s*rot] 9 #agig1 & by _m subsequ5t obs]v]s1 are v notewor?y4 ,i h se5 ! %ad[ ( a ?ird peak ab\t midway betwe5 ! two4 ,"o may fa9tly imag9e ! magnific5t prospect ( ! coa/- l9e ( ! ,m>e ) ! ,haemus range1 :i* w\ld be obta9$ 7 x possible to /& on ! summit ( "o ( ^! elevations4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ,bessel has a c5tral m\nta94 ,nei!r ,madl] nor ,s*midt h se5 "o1 ?\gh ,webb not$ a peak on two occasions4 ,i fail to see any?+ )9 ! crat]4 ,! bright /reak cross+ ! ,m>e f ,n4 to ,s4 passes ?r\gh ,bessel4 ,,l9ne4--,a =mation on ! ,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis1 describ$ by ,lohrmann & ,madl] z a deep crat]1 b :i* 9 #ahff 0 f\nd by ,s*midt to h lo/ all ! appe>ance ( "o4 ,! ann\ncem5t ( ?is app>5t *ange l$ to a critical exam9ation ( ! object by mo/ ( ! lead+ obs]v]s1 & to a controv]sy :i*1 if x _h no o!r result1 t5d$ to awak5 an int]e/ 9 sel5ography t has be5 ma9ta9$ ev] s9ce4 ,accord+ to ,madl]1 ! crat] 0 m ?an #f miles 9 diamet] 9 8 "t1 & v conspicu\s "u a l[ sun1 a description to :i* x c]ta9ly did n answ] 9 #ahfg or at any subsequ5t epo*4 ,x is any?+ b an easy object to see well1 z !re is a want ( def9it5ess ab\t x "u ! be/ conditions1 ?\gh ! m9ute crat]1 ! l[ ridges1 & ! nebul\s :it5ess describ$ by ,s*midt & not$ by ,webb & o!rs1 are traceable at ! prop] phase4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,hyg9us ,n1 !re are /ill _m sceptics z reg>ds actual *ange1 despite ! records ( ,lohrmann & ,madl]2 b ! evid5ce 9 fav\r ( x seems to prepond]ate4 ,,conon4--,a bright little crat]1 #aa miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ among ! intricacies ( ! ,ap5n9es1 ,s4 ( ,m\nt ,bradley4 ,x has a c5tral hill1 :i* is n a difficult object4 ,,aratus4--,"o ( ! mo/ brilliant objects on ! visible surface ( ! moon1 a crat] #g miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4 ( ,m\nt ,hadley1 surr\nd$ by ! l(ty m\nta9 arms & t[]+ heights ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,a peak close by on ! ,n4 is m ?an #aj1jjj feet1 & ano!r f>!r remov$ t[>ds ! ,n4,w4 is ov] #ad1jjj feet 9 altitude4 ,,autolycus4--,a r+-pla9 #bc miles 9 diamet]1 deviat+ consid]ably f circul>ity1 ,w4 ( ,ar*im$es1 on ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 or r on t "p ( x t]m$ ! ,palus ,putr$9is4 ,its floor1 :i* conta9s an inconspicu\s c5tral m\nta91 is depress$ "s #djjj feet bel[ ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,) a p[] ( #aej on a #d #e_/h a*romatic1 ,dr4 ,%eldon ( ,macclesfield has se5 two %all[ crat]i=m depressions 9 ! int]ior1 "o ne>ly c5tral1 & ! o!r ab\t midway betwe5 x & ! ,n4 wall4 ,! wall is t]rac$ )91 & has a crat] j bel[ its cre/ on ! ,w41 :i*1 :5 ! opposite bord] is on ! morn+ t]m9ator1 is se5 z a di/9ct not*4 ,autolycus is ! c5tre ( a m9or ray-sy/em4 ,,ari/illus4--,a l>g] & mu* m elaborate r+-pla91 #cd miles 9 diamet]1 ,n4 ( ,autolycus4 ,its complex wall1 ) its t]races )91 & its buttresses1 radiat+ spurs1 & gullies )\t1 =ms a gr& telescopic object "u a l[ sun on a good night4 ,x rises on ! ea/ #aa1jjj feet above ! ,m>e1 & is ab\t #bjjj feet l[] on ! ,w41 :ile ! int]ior is depress$ "s #cjjj feet4 ,its massive c5tral m\nta91 surm\nt$ by _m peaks1 occupies a consid]able area on ! floor1 & exhibits a digitat$ outl9e at ! base4 ,on ! ,s4 & ,w4 a numb] ( deep valleys radiate f ! foot ( ! bord]1 "s ( !m ext5d+ ne>ly z f> z ,autolycus4 ,%all[] b m num]\s & regul> features ( ! same class radiate t[>ds ! ,n4,e4 f ! foot ( ! opposite wall4 ,on ! ,n4,w4 are sev]al curv$ ridges1 all tr5d+ t[>ds ,!aetetus4 ,on ! ,s4,e4 ! surface is tr5*$ by a numb] ( cross$ gullies1 well se5 :5 ! ,e4 wall is on ! morn+ t]m9ator4 ,j beyond ! ,n4 glacis is a l>ge irregul> dusky enclosure ) a c5tral m\nd1 & ano!r small] l[ r+ adjo9+ x on ! ,s4,e4 ,! visibility ( ^! objects is v ephem]al1 z !y disappe> soon aft] sunrise4 ,ari/illus is also ! c5tre ( a bright ray sy/em4 ,,!aetetus4--,a conspicu\s r+-pla91 ab\t #af miles 9 diamet]1 9 ! ,palus ,nebul>um1 ,n4,w4 ( ,ari/illus4 ,x is rem>kable = its great dep?1 ! floor s9k+ ne>ly #ejjj feet bel[ ! surface4 ,its walls1 #gjjj feet high on ! ,w41 are devoid ( detail4 ,! glacis on ! ,s4,w4 has a g5tle slope1 & ext5ds = a great di/ance be=e x runs d[n to ! level ( ! pla94 ,n f> f ! foot ( ! wall on ! ,n4 is a r[ ( sev5 or eight bright little hills1 ne> ! ea/]n side ( :i* orig9ates a di/9ct cleft t crosses ! ,palus 9 a ,n4,w4 direction1 & t]m9ates among m\nta9s betwe5 ,cass9i & ,calippus4 ,i h se5 ?is object easily ) a #d in* a*romatic4 ,,calippus4--,a bright r+-pla9 #ag miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! intricate ,caucasus ,m\nta9 range4 ,on ! ,e4 is a brilliant peak ris+ m ?an #ac1jjj feet above ! ,palus ,nebul>um1 & ne>] ! bord]1 on ! ,n4,e41 is a second1 m ?an #ejj feet high]1 ) _m o!rs ne>ly z l(ty 9 ! vic9ity4 ,calippus has n app>5tly a c5tral peak or any o!r features on ! floor4 ,,cass9i4--,?is rem>kable r+-pla91 ab\t #cf miles 9 diamet]1 is v simil> 9 "* to ,posidonius4 ,x has a v n>r[ wall1 n[h]e m ?an #djjj feet 9 height1 & fall+ on ! ,e4 to #aejj feet4 ,?\gh a prom95t & beautiful object "u a l[ sun1 its att5uat$ bord] & ! tone ( ! floor1 :i* sc>cely diff]s f t ( ! surr\nd+ surface1 r5d] x difficult to trace "u a high angle ( illum9ation1 & p]haps acc\nts = ! fact t x escap$ ! notice ( ,hevel & ,riccioli2 ?\gh x is c]ta9ly /range t a =mation :i* is ?r[n into su* /rong relief at sunrise & sunset %\ld h be5 ov]look$1 :ile o!rs h>dly m prom95t at ^! times h be5 drawn & describ$4 ,! outl9e ( ,cass9i is cle>ly polygonal1 be+ made up ( sev]al rectil9eal sections4 ,! int]ior1 ne>ly at ! same level z ! outside c\ntry1 includes a l>ge bright r+-pla91 ,a1 #i miles 9 diamet] & #bfjj feet 9 dep?1 :i* has a good-siz$ crat] on ! ,s4 edge ( a great bank :i* ext5ds f ! ,s4,w4 side ( ?is r+-pla9 to ! wall4 ,on ! ,e4 side ( ! floor1 close to ! inn] foot ( ! bord]1 is a bright deep crat] ab\t two- ?irds ( ! diamet] ( ,a1 & betwe5 x & ! latt] ,br5n] has se5 ?ree small hills4 ,! out] slope ( ,cass9i includes mu* detail4 ,on ! ,s4,w4 is a r[ ( %all[ depressions j bel[ ! cre/ ( ! wall1 & ne> ! foot ( ! slope is a l>ge circul> %all[ depression associat$ ) a valley :i* runs p>tly r\nd x4 ,! %ape ( ! glacis on ! ,w4 is especially notewor?y1 ! ,s4,w4 & ,n4,w4 sides meet+ at a slightly acute angle at a po9t #aj or #ab miles ,w4 ( ! summit ( ! r+4 ,on ! out] ,e4 slope is a curi\s elongat$ depression1 & on ! ,n4 slope two l>ge dusky r+s1 well %[n by ,s*midt1 b omitt$ 9 o!r maps4 ,mo/ ( ^! details are well )9 ! scope ( mod]ate ap]tures4 ,p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ view ( ,cass9i & its surr\nd+s is obta9$ :5 ! morn+ t]m9ator is on ! c5tral m]idian4 ,,alex&]4--,a l>ge irregul>ly %ap$ pla91 at lea/ #fj miles 9 longe/ diamet]1 enclos$ by ! ,caucasus ,m\nta9s4 ,on ! ,s4,w4 & ,n4,w4 ! bord] is l9eal4 ,x has a d>k level floor on :i* !re is a great numb] ( l[ hills4 ,,eudoxus4--,a bright deep r+-pla91 ab\t #dj miles 9 diamet]1 9 ! hilly region betwe5 ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis & ! ,m>e ,frigoris1 ) a bord] mu* brok5 by passes1 & deviat+ consid]ably f circul>ity4 ,its massive walls1 ris+ m ?an #aa1jjj feet above ! floor on ! ,w41 & ab\t #aj1jjj feet on ! opposite side1 are prom95tly t]rac$1 & include crat]-r[s 9 ! int]v5+ valleys1 :ile _! out] slopes pres5t a complicat$ sy/em ( spurs & buttresses4 ,!re is a bright crat] on ! ,n4 glacis1 & "s di/ance beyond ! wall on ! ,n4,w4 is a small r+-pla91 & on ! ,s4,e4 ano!r1 ) a conspicu\s crat] betwe5 x & ! wall4 ,neison draws att5tion to an area ( ab\t #adjj squ>e miles on ! ,n4,e4 :i* is cov]$ ) a great multitude ( l[ hills4 ,e4 ( ,eudoxus are two %ort cross$ clefts1 & on ! ,n4 a long cleft ( consid]able delicacy runn+ f ,n4,e4 to ,s4,w4 ,x 0 9 connection ) ?is =mation t ,tr\velot1 on ,febru>y #bj1 #ahgg1 :5 ! t]m9ator pass$ ?r\gh ,ari/illus & ,alphonsus1 saw a v n>r[ ?read ( light cross+ ! ,s4 "p ( ! int]ior & ext5d+ f bord] to bord]4 ,he not$ also simil> appe>ances else:]e1 & t]m$ !m ,murs enigmatiques4 ,,ari/oteles4--,a magnific5t r+-pla91 #fj miles 9 diamet]1 ) a complex bord]1 surm\nt$ by peaks1 ris+ to ne>ly #aa1jjj feet above ! floor1 "o ( :i* on ! ,w41 p]ta9+ to a t]race1 /&s out z a brilliant spot 9 ! mid/ ( %ad[ :5 ! int]ior is fill$ ) %ad[4 ,! =mation pres5ts its mo/ /rik+ aspect at sunrise1 :5 ! %ad[ ( ! ,w4 wall j cov]s ! floor1 & ! brilliant inn] slope ( ! ,e4 wall ) ! little crat] on its cre/ is fully illum9at$4 ,at ?is phase ! details ( ! t]races are se5 to ! be/ advantage4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! p>allel ridges & r[s ( hills on ! ,n4,e4 & ,s4,w4 is likewise bett] se5 at ?is "t ?an "u an ev5+ sun4 ,a bright & deep r+-pla91 ab\t #aj miles 9 diamet]1 ) a di/9ct c5tral m\nta91 is connect$ ) ! ,w4 wall4 ,,eg$e4--,a loz5ge-%ap$ =mation1 ab\t #ah miles f corn] to corn]1 b\nd$ by walls sc>cely m ?an #djj feet 9 height4 ,x is consequ5tly only traceable "u v oblique illum9ation4 ,,! ,,great ,,alp9e ,,valley4--,a great w$ge-%ap$ depression1 cutt+ ?r\gh ! ,alps ,w4 ( ,plato1 f ,w4,n4,w4 to ,e4,s4,e4 ,x is m ?an #hj miles 9 l5g?1 & v>ies 9 bread? f #f miles on ! ,s4 to less ?an #d miles on ! ,n41 :]e x approa*es ! ,s4 bord] ( ! ,m>e ,frigoris4 ,= a great] "p ( its ext5t x is b\nd$ on ! ,s4,w4 side by a precipit\s l9e> cliff1 :i*1 "u a l[ ev5+ sun1 is se5 to be fr+$ by a r[ ( bright little hills4 ,^! are traceable up to "o ( ! great m\nta9 masses ( ! ,alps1 =m+ ! ,s4,w4 side ( ! great oval-%ap$ expansion ( ! valley1 ^: %ape has be5 appropriately comp>$ to t ( a ,flor5ce oil-flask1 & :i* ,webb t]ms a gr& amphi!atre4 ,on ! opposite or ,n4,e4 side1 ! b\nd>y ( ! valley is less regul>1 foll[+ a m or less undulat+ l9e up to a po9t opposite1 & a little ,n4 (1 ! great m\nta9 mass1 :]e x abuts on a %all[ quasi enclosure ) l(ty walls1 :i*1 project+ we/w>ds1 consid]ably dim9i% ! wid? ( ! valley4 ,s\? ( ?is lies ano!r curv$ m\nta9 r+1 :i* /ill f>!r n>r[s x4 ,?is curtailm5t 9 wid? repres5ts ! neck ( ! flask1 & is app>5tly ab\t #af or #ag miles 9 l5g?1 & f #c to #d miles 9 bread?1 =m+ a gorge1 bord]$ on ! ,w4 by ne>ly v]tical cliffs1 t[]+ ?\s&s ( feet above ! bottom ( ! valley2 & on ! ,e4 by _m peak$ m\nta9s ( /ill great] altitude4 ,at ! entrance to ! amphi!atre1 ! actual di/ance betwe5 ! colossal rocks :i* flank ! defile is c]ta9ly n mu* m ?an #b miles4 ,f ?is /&po9t ! view across ! level int]ior ( ! elliptical pla9 w\ld be ( extraord9>y magnific5ce4 ,t[>ds ! ,s41 b m ?an #ab miles di/ant1 ! outlook ( an obs]v] w\ld be limit$ by "s ( ! l(tie/ peaks ( ! ,alps1 ^: flanks =m ! b\nd>y ( ! enclosure1 ?r\gh :i*1 h[ev]1 by at lea/ ?ree n>r[ passes he might p]*ance get a glimpse ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium beyond4 ,! broade/ ( ^! aligns ) ! axis ( ! valley4 ,x is h>dly m ?an a mile wide at its comm5cem5t on ! ,s4 bord] ( ! amphi!atre1 b exp&s rapidly into a trumpet-%ap$ gorge1 flank$ on ei!r side by ! t[]+ heights ( ! ,alps z x op5s out on to ! ,m>e4 ,! bottom1 bo? ( ! amphi!atre & ( ! long w$ge-%ap$ valley1 appe>s to be p]fectly level1 &1 z reg>ds ! c5tral portion ( ! latt]1 )\t visible detail4 ,"u morn+ illum9ation ,i h1 h[ev]1 frequ5tly se5 some?+ resembl+ a ridge p>tially cross+ ! neck1 &1 ne> sunset1 a tongue ( rock jutt+ out f ! ,e4 flank ( ! con/riction1 & ext5d+ ne>ly f side to side4 ,at ! base ( ! cliff bord]+ ! valley on ! ,s4,w41 five or six little circul> pits h be5 not$1 "s ( :i* appe> to h rims4 ,!y 7 se5 v p]fectly ) p[]s ( #cej & #djj on an #h #a_/b in* ,calv] reflector at #h h4 on ,janu>y #be1 #ahhe1 & h be5 obs]v$1 b less p]fectly1 on subsequ5t occasions4 ,! mo/ nor!rly is ab\t #aj miles f ! ,n4,w4 end ( ! =mation1 & ! re/ occur at ne>ly regul> int]vals betwe5 x & ! neck4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! valley1 on ei!r side1 !re are sev]al bright crat]s4 ,?ree /& ne> ! ,n4,e4 edge1 & "o ( consid]able size ne> ! ,n4,w4 end on ! opposite side4 ,a w9d+ cleft crosses ! valley ab\t midway1 :i*1 /range to say1 is n %[n 9 ! maps1 ?\gh x may be se5 9 a #d in* a*romatic4 ,x orig9ates app>5tly at a bright triangul> m\nta9 on ! pla9 ,s4,w4 ( ! valley1 &1 aft] cross+ ! latt] some:at obliquely1 is lo/ amid ! m\nta9s on ! opposite side4 ,t portion ( x on ! bottom ( ! valley is easily traceable "u a high light z a :ite l9e4 ,! region ,n4 ( ! ,alps on ! ,s4,w4 side ( ! valley pres5ts _m details wor?y ( exam9ation4 ,among !m1 p>allel r[s ( little hills1 all ext5d+ f ,n4,w4 to ,s4,e4 ,!re is also a numb] ( /ill small] objects ( ! same type on ! ,e4 side4 ,! great ,alp9e valley1 ?\gh fir/ describ$ by ,s*rot]1 is said to h be5 discov]$ on ,septemb] #bb1 #agbg1 by ,bian*9i1 b x is v unlikely t an object :i* is s prom95t :5 ne> ! t]m9ator 0 n (t5 rem>k$ be=e ?is4 ,,ar*ytas4--,a bright r+-pla91 #ba miles 9 diamet]1 on ! edge ( ! ,m>e ,frigoris1 due ,n4 ( ! ,alp9e ,valley1 ) regul> walls ris+ ab\t #ejjj feet above ! int]ior on ! ,n4,w41 & ab\t #djjj feet on ! opposite side4 ,x has a v bright c5tral m\nta94 ,sev]al spurs radiate f ! wall on ! ,s41 & a wide valley1 flank$ by l(ty heights1 =m+ ! ,s4,w4 b\nd>y ( ,w4,c4 ,bond1 orig9ates on ! ,n side4 ,!re is also a crat]-rill runn+ t[>ds ! ,n4,w4 ,on ! ,m>e1 ,s4,w4 ( ,ar*ytas1 is a some:at small] r+-pla91 ,ar*ytas ,a 7call$ by ,s*midt1 ,,protagoras71 ) l(ty walls & a c5tral hill4 ,,*ri/ian ,,may]4--,a prom95t rhomboidal-%ap$ r+-pla91 #ah miles 9 diamet]1 associat$ on e side1 except ! ,n41 ) a numb] ( irregul> inconspicu\s enclosures4 ,x has a c5tral peak4 ,madl] discov]$ two delicate %ort clefts1 bo? runn+ f ,n4,w4 to ,s4,e41 "o on ! ,w4 & ! o!r on ! ,e4 ( ?is =mation4 ,w4,c4 ,,bond4--,a great enclos$ pla9 ( rhomboidal %ape on ! ,n4 ( ,ar*ytas1 ! bright r+-pla9 ,timaeus /&+ ne> its ,e4 corn]1 & ano!r conspicu\s b mu* small] enclosure ) a small] crat] ,w4 ( x on ! floor at ! opposite angle4 ,! int]ior1 :i* is cov]$ ) r[s ( hillocks1 is v notewor?y at sunrise4 ,,b>r[4--,!re are few m /rik+ or beautiful objects at sunrise ?an ?is1 ma9ly because ( ! peculi> %ape ( its brilliant bord] & ! rem>kable %ad[s ( ! l(ty peaks on its we/]n wall4 ,!re is a notable n>r[ gap 9 ! ramp>t on ! ,w41 :i* appe>s to ext5d to ! level ( ! floor4 ,! walls1 especially on ! ,s41 are v irregul>1 & include two l>ge deep crat]s & "s m9or depressions4 ,if ! =mation is obs]v$ :5 its ,e4 wall is on ! morn+ t]m9ator1 a f9e view is obta9$ ( ! rem>kable crat]-r[ :i* w9ds r\nd ! ,n4 side ( ,golds*midt4 ,b>r[ is ab\t #dj miles 9 diamet]4 ,accord+ to ,s*midt1 !re is "o crat] 9 ! int]ior1 a little ,s4,e4 ( ! c5tre4 ,,scoresby4--,a mu* =e-%ort5$ deep r+-pla91 #cf miles 9 diamet]1 betwe5 ,b>r[ & ! limb4 ,x has a c5tral m\nta9 ) two peaks1 :i* are v difficult to detect4 ,,*allis4--,a r+-pla9 adjo9+ ,scoresby on ! ,n4,e4 ,x is ( ab\t ! same size & %ape4 ,,ma94--,a v simil> =mation1 on ! ,n4 ( ! la/1 mu* too ne> ! limb to be well obs]v$4 ,,second ,,quadrant ,,ea/ ,,longitude #j deg4 ,,to #bj deg4 ,,mur*ison4--,a consid]able r+-pla9 ab\t #ce miles across on ! ,e41 :]e x abuts on ,pallas4 ,x is a pe>-%ap$ =mation1 b\nd$ on ! ,n4 by a m\nta9\s region1 & gradually dim9i%es 9 wid? t[>ds ! ,s4,e41 on :i* side x is op5 to ! pla94 ,! walls are ( no great altitude1 b1 except on ! ,n4,w41 are v bright4 ,at ! ,s4 t]m9ation ( ! ,w4 wall !re is an exce$+ly brilliant crat]1 ,mur*ison ,a1 five miles 9 diamet] & "s #cjjj feet deep2 adjo9+ :i* on ! ,n4,w4 is an oval depression & a curi\s =k$ projection f ! bord]4 ,! only objects visible 9 ! int]ior are a few l[ ridges on ! ,e4 side1 & a numb] ( long spurs runn+ out f ! wall on ! ,n4 t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! floor4 ,mur*ison ,a is nam$ ,,*ladni by ,lohrmann4 ,,pallas4--,a f9e r+-pla91 ab\t #cb miles 9 diamet]1 =m+ ) ,mur*ison an especially beautiful telescopic object "u suitable illum9ation4 ,its brilliant bord]1 brok5 by gaps on ! ,w41 :]e x abuts on ,mur*ison1 has a bright crat] on ! ,n4,e41 f :i*1 foll[+ ! curvature ( ! wall1 & j bel[ its cre/1 runs a valley 9 an ea/]ly direction4 ,!re is a l>ge bright c5tral m\nta9 on ! floor1 ) a small] elevation to ! ,s4 ( x1 & a ridge ext5d+ f ! ,n4 wall to ne> ! c5tre4 ,on ! ,w41 a section ( ! bord] is cont9u$ 9 a ,n4 direction f> beyond ! limits ( ! =mation2 & on ! ,s4 x is connect$ ) a small incomplete r+2 on ! ,e4 ( :i*1 ne> ! foot ( ! wall1 is a some:at small] & mu* duski] enclosure4 ,,bode4--,a brilliant r+-pla91 #i miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ on ! ,n4 side ( ,pallas4 ,its walls rise ab\t #ejjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* is consid]ably depress$1 & includes1 accord+ to ,s*midt & ,webb1 a m\nta9 or ridge4 ,!re are two p>allel valleys on ! ,w41 :i* are well wor? exam9ation4 ,,somm]+4--,an incomplete r+-pla91 #ag miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ on ! lun> equator4 ,x has r l[ brok5 walls & a d>k int]ior4 ,,s*rot]4--,a some:at l>g] =mation1 ) a bord] want+ on ! ,s4 ,s*midt draws a consid]able crat] on ! ,s4,w4 side ( ! floor4 ,x 0 9 ! region nor? ( ?is object1 :i* ab\nds 9 little hills & l[ ridges1 t 9 ! ye> #ahbb ,grui?uis5 discov]$ a v rem>kable =mation consi/+ ( a numb] ( p>allel r[s ( hills bran*+ out 7l ! ve9s ( a leaf f ! midrib7 f a c5tral valley at an angle ( #de deg41 repres5t$ by a depression betwe5 two long ridges runn+ f nor? to s\?4 ,! regul>ly arrang$ holl[s betwe5 ! hills & ! longitud9al valley sugge/$ to 8 f]tile imag9ation t he _h at la/ f\nd a v]itable city 9 ! moon--possibly ! metropolis ( ,kepl]'s ,subvolvani1 :o 7 suppos$ to dwell on t hemisph]e ( our satellite :i* faces ! e>?4 ,at any rate1 he 0 firmly conv9c$ t x 0 ! "w ( intellig5t be+s1 & n due to natural causes4 ,?is curi\s arrangem5t ( ridges & furr[s1 :i*1 accord+ to ,webb1 measures ab\t #bc miles bo? 9 l5g? & bread?1 is1 ow+ to ! %all[ness ( ! compon5t hills & valleys1 a v difficult object to see 9 its entirety1 z x mu/ be view$ :5 close to ! t]m9ator1 & ev5 !n ! sun's azimu? & good def9ition d n always comb9e to af=d a satisfactory glimpse ( its ramifications4 ,m4 ,gaudib]t has giv5 a draw+ ( x 9 ! ,engli% ,me*anic1 vol4 xviii4 p4 #fch4 ,,gamb>t4--,a regul> r+-pla91 #af miles 9 diamet]1 ) a l[ bord] & )\t visible detail )92 situat$ ne>ly on ! lun> equator1 ab\t #acj miles ,s4,s4,w4 ( ,cop]nicus1 at ! ,n4,w4 edge ( a v hilly region4 ,a prom95t pe>-%ap$ m\nta91 ) a small crat] ^u x1 /&s a %ort di/ance on ! ,s4,w41 & fur!r 9 ! same direction1 a l>ge bright crat] ) two mu* small] crat]s on ! ,n4 ( x4 ,! r\gh hilly di/rict ab\t midway betwe5 ,cop]nicus & ,gamb>t is rem>kable = its peculi> dusky tone & = c]ta9 small d>k spots1 fir/ se5 by ,s*midt1 & subsequ5tly c>efully obs]v$ by ,dr4 ,kle94 ,! notewor?y region :]e ^! peculi> features are f\nd repres5ts an area ( _m ?\s& squ>e miles1 & mu/ resemble a v]itable ,malpais1 cov]$ probably ) an incalculable numb] ( crat]s1 v5ts1 cones1 & pits1 fill$ ) volcanic debris4 ,x is among details ( ?is "* t ! true analogues ( "s t]re/rial volcanoes mu/ be look$ =4 ,"u a l[ angle ( illum9ation ! surface pres5ts an extraord9>ily r\gh aspect1 well wor?y ( exam9ation1 b ! dusky areas & ! black spots c only be satisfactorily di/+ui%$ "u a some:at high sun4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 se5 !m fairly well :5 ! ,w4 wall ( ,re9hold 0 on ! morn+ t]m9ator4 ,,m>co ,,polo4--,a small & v irregul>ly-%ap$ enclosure 7difficult to see satisfactorily7 on ! ,s4 flank ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,x is hemm$ 9 on e side by m\nta9s4 ,,erato/h5es4--,a noble r+-pla91 #ch miles 9 diamet]2 a wor?y t]m9ation ( ! ,ap5n9es4 ,! be/ view ( x is obta9$ "u morn+ illum9ation :5 ! int]ior is ab\t half-fill$ ) %ad[4 ,at ?is phase ! _m irregul> t]races on ! inn] slope ( ! ,e4 wall 7:i* rises at "o peak #af1jjj feet above an int]ior depress$ #hjjj feet bel[ ! ,m>e ,imbrium7 are se5 to ! be/ advantage4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is made up ( two pr9cipal peaks1 ne>ly c5tral1 f :i* two bright curv$ hills ext5d ne>ly up to ! ,n4,w4 wall1--! :ole =m+ a ,v-%ap$ arrangem5t4 ,on ! ,s4 !re is a n>r[ break 9 ! wall1 & ! ,s4,w4 section ( x seems to ov]lap & ext5d "s di/ance beyond ! ,s4,e4 section4 ,! bord] on ! ,s4,w4 is rem>kable = ! great wid? ( its glacis4 ,erato/h5es exhibits a m>k$ dep>ture f circul>ity1 especially on ! ,e41 :]e ! wall consi/s ( two well-m>k$ l9e> sections1 ) an int]m$iate portion :]e ! cre/ = #bj miles or m b5ds inw>ds or t[>ds ! c5tre4 ,f ! ,s4,e4 flank ( ?is =mation ext5ds t[>ds ! ,w4 side ( ,/adius "o ( ! gr&e/ m\nta9 arms on ! moon's visible surface1 ris+ at "o place #ijjj feet1 & 9 two o!rs #ejjj & #cjjj feet respectively above ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,if ?is magnific5t object is obs]v$ :5 ! morn+ t]m9ator falls a little ,e4 ( ,/adius1 x af=ds a spectacle n easily =gott54 ,i h (t5 se5 x at ?is phase :5 its broad mass ( %ad[ ext5d$ across ! well-kn[n crat]-r[ ,w4 ( ,cop]nicus1 "s ( ! compon5t crat]s appe>+ betwe5 ! spires ( %ade repres5t+ ! l(tie/ peaks on ! m\nta9 arm4 ,!re is a prom95t little crat] on ! cre/ ( ! arm betwe5 two ( ! peaks1 & ano!r on ! pla9 to ! we/4 ,,/adius4--,an inconspicu\s ?\gh a v int]e/+ =mation1 #dc miles 9 diamet]1 ,w4 ( ,cop]nicus1 ) a bord] sc>cely exce$+ #bjj feet 9 height4 ,h5ce x is n surpris+ t x 0 = a long "t altoge!r ov]look$ by ,madl]4 ,except z a kn[n object1 x is only traceable "u v oblique illum9ation1 & ev5 !n "s att5tion is requir$ be=e its v att5uat$ wall c be foll[$ all r\nd4 ,x is mo/ prom95t on ! ,w41 :]e x app>5tly consi/s ( a ,s4 ext5sion ( ! ,erato/h5es m\nta9-arm1 & is associat$ ) a numb] ( little crat]s & pits4 ,?is is succe$$ on ! ,s4,w4 by a n>r[ /rip ( bright wall1 & on ! ,s4 by a section made up ( a piece ( /raight wall & a /rip curv+ inw>ds1 =m+ ! ,s4 side4 ,on ! ,e4 ! bord] assumes a v gho/ly "*1 & appe>s to be ma9ly def9$ by r[s ( small depressions & m\nds4 ,on ! ,n4,e41 ,n41 & ,n4,w4 x is /ill l[] & n>r[]2 s mu* s1 t x is only = an h\r or s aft] sunrise or be=e sunset t x c be trac$ at all4 ,on e side1 ) ! exception ( ! curv$ piece on ! ,s41 ! wall consi/s ( l9e> sections4 ,! int]ior conta9s a great numb] ( little crat]s & v l[ longitud9al m\nds4 ,t5 crat]s are %[n 9 ,be] & ,madl]'s map4 ,s*midt only draws fifte51 ?\gh 9 ! text accompany+ 8 *>t he says t he once c\nt$ fifty4 ,9 ! monograph publi%$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,liv]pool ,a/ronomical ,society 7vol4 v4 "p #h71 =ty-"o are repres5t$4 ,!y appe> to be r m num]\s on ! ,s4 half ( ! floor ?an else:]e4 ,j beyond ! limits ( ! bord] on ! ,n41 is a bright crat] ) a mu* l>g] obscure depression on ! ,w4 ( x4 ,! =m] is surr\nd$ by a multitude ( m9ute crat]s & crat]-cones1 :i* are easily se5 "u a l[ sun4 ,?\gh almo/ e trace ( ,/adius disappe>s "u a high light1 ,i h _h little difficulty 9 see+ portions ( ! bord] & "s ( ! includ$ details :5 ! morn+ t]m9ator _h advanc$ z f> z ! ,e4 wall ( ,h]odotus1 & ! site 0 trav]s$ by innum]able light /reaks radiat+ f ,cop]nicus4 ,at ?is phase ! bright crat]1 j m5tion$1 on ! ,n4 edge ( ! bord] 0 tol]ably di/9ct4 ,,cop]nicus4--,?is is )\t "q ! gr&e/ object1 n only on ! second ,quadrant1 b on ! :ole visible sup]ficies ( ! moon4 ,x und\bt$ly owes its supremacy p>tly to its comp>ative isolation on ! surface ( a va/ pla91 :]e !re are no neighb\r+ =mations to vie ) x 9 size & magnific5ce1 b p>tly also to its fav\rable position1 :i* is su*1 t1 ?\gh n c5tral1 is suffici5tly remov$ f ! limb to all[ all its manifold details to be critically exam9$ )\t mu* =e%ort5+4 ,!re are "s o!r =mations1 ,langr5us & ,petavius1 = example1 :i*1 if !y 7 equally well situat$1 w\ld probably be fully z /rik+2 b1 z we see x ,cop]nicus is p> excell5ce ! mon>* ( ! lun> r+-m\nta9s4 ,s*midt rem>ks t ?is incomp>able object comb9es ne>ly all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! o!r r+-pla9s1 & t c>eful /udy direct$ to its unequall$ beauties & magnific5t =m is ( mu* m value ?an t devot$ to a hundr$ o!r objects ( ! same class4 ,x is fully #ef miles 9 diamet]1 &1 ?\gh g5]ally describ$ z ne>ly circul>1 exhibits v di/9ctly "u high p[]s a polygonal outl9e1 approximat+ v closely to an equilat]al hexagon4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two sections ( ! cre/ ( ! bord] on ! ,n4,e4 :i* are inflect$ slightly t[>ds ! c5tre1 a peculi>ity already notic$ 9 ! case ( ,erato/h5es4 ,! walls1 tol]ably uni=m 9 height1 are surm\nt$ by a great numb] ( peaks1 "o ( :i* on ! ,w41 accord+ to ,neison1 /&s #aa1jjj feet above ! floor1 & a second on ! opposite side is ne>ly z high4 ,bo? ! inn] & out] slopes ( ?is gigantic ramp>t are v broad1 ea* be+ fully #aj miles 9 wid?4 ,! out] slope1 especially on ! ,e41 is a f9e object at sunrise1 :5 its rugg$ surface1 trav]s$ by deep gullies1 is se5 to ! be/ advantage4 ,! t]races & o!r features on ! bright inn] declivities on ?is side may be well obs]v$ :5 ! sun's altitude is ab\t #f deg4 ,s*midt1 ^: measures diff] f ^? ( ,neison1 e/imates ! height ( ! wall on ! ,e4 to be #ab1jjj feet1 & /ates t ! int]ior slopes v>y f #fj deg4 to #ej deg4 above1 to f #aj deg4 to #b deg4 at ! base4 ,! fir/ incl9ation ( #ej deg41 & 9 "s cases ( #fj deg41 is conf9$ to ! l(tie/ /eep cre/s & to ! flanks ( ! t]races4 ,!re are app>5tly five bright little m\nta9s on ! floor1 ! mo/ ea/]ly be+ r ! l>ge/1 & a great numb] ( m9ute hillocks on ! ,s4,e4 qu>t]4 ,s4,w4 ( ! c5tre is a little crat]1 & on ! same side ( ! int]ior a curi\s hook-%ap$ ridge1 project+ f ! foot ( ! wall1 & ext5d+ ne>ly halfway across ! floor4 ,! region surr\nd+ ,cop]nicus is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable on ! moon1 be+ ev]y:]e trav]s$ by l[ ridges1 enclos+ irregul> areas1 :i* are cov]$ ) innum]able crat]lets1 hillocks1 & o!r m9ute features1 & by a labyr9? ( bright /reaks1 ext5d+ = hundr$s ( miles on e side1 & v>y+ consid]ably bo? 9 wid? & brilliancy4 ,! notable crat]-r[ on ! ,w41 (t5 utilis$ by obs]v]s = te/+ ! /ead9ess ( ! air & ! def9ition ( _! telescopes1 %\ld be exam9$ :5 x is on ! morn+ t]m9ator1 at :i* "t ,webb's homely comp>ison1 a mole-run ) holes 9 x1 w be appreciat$1 & its evid5t connection ) ! ,e4 side ( ,/adius cle>ly made out4 ,!re is ano!r mu* m delicate r[ runn+ closely p>allel to ?is object2 x lies a little ,w4 ( x1 & ext5ds f>!r 9 a nor!rly direction4 ,,ar*im$es4--,next to ,plato ! f9e/ object on ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,x is ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]4 ,! av]age height ( its massive bord] is ab\t #djjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* is only depress$ "s #ejj or #fjj feet bel[ ! ,m>e1 ! highe/ peak 7ab\t #gjjj feet7 be+ on ! ,s4,e4 ,! walls are t]rac$1 & include mu* detail1 bo? )9 & )\t4 ,! mo/ notewor?y features 9 connection ) ?is =mation are ! crat]-cones1 crat]lets1 pits1 :ite spots1 & light /reaks :i* figure on ! o!rwise smoo? int]ior4 ,mr4 ,t4,p4 ,gray1 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ( ,b$=d1 :o1 ) praisewor?y assiduity1 has devot$ m ?an t5 ye>s to ! close scrut9y ( ^! features1 ,mr4 ,/anley ,williams1 & o!rs1 h detect$ f\r crat]-cones on ! ,e4 half ( ! floor1 & ab\t fifty m9ute crat]s & :ite spots1 also probably volcanic v5ts1 & a v curi\s & int]e/+ s]ies ( light /reaks1 mo/ly trav]s+ ! =mation f ,e4 to ,w4 ,a little ,e4 ( ! c5tre is a dusky oval area ab\t #f miles across1 & ,s4,w4 ( ?is is ano!r1 mu* small]4 ,"u "s conditions ( illum9ation ! two pr9cipal light m>k+s may be trac$ ov] ! ,w4 wall1 & = "s di/ance on ! pla9 beyond4 ,on ! s\!rn side ( ,ar*im$es is a v rugg$ m\nta9 region1 ext5d+ = m ?an #ajj miles t[>ds ! s\?3 on ! ,w4 ( ?is orig9ates a rem>kable rill-sy/em1 be/ se5 "u ev5+ illum9ation4 ,! two pr9cipal clefts foll[ a ne>ly p>allel c\rse up to ! face ( ! ,ap5n9es ne> ,m\nt ,bradley1 cross+ 9 _! way1 almo/ at "r angles1 o!r clefts :i* run at no great di/ance f ! ,e4 foot ( ?is range & ramify among ! outly+ hills4 ,ar*im$es ,a is a brilliant little r+-pla9 on ! ,s4,e4 ( ,ar*im$es4 ,x ca/s an extraord9>y %ad[ at sunrise1 & has a well-m>k$ crat]-r[ on ! ,e4 ( x1 & two long n>r[ valleys1 "o ( :i* appe>s to be a s\!rly ext5sion ( ! r[4 ,,be]4--,a v bright little crat]1 ) an unnam$ =mation ( ab\t ! same size adjo9+ x on ! ,n41 ) :i* is associat$ a curi\s w9d+ ridge t appe>s to trav]se a gap 9 its ,n4 wall4 ,,timo*>is4--,a f9e r+-pla91 #bc miles 9 diamet] 7! c5tre ( a m9or ray-sy/em74 ,x /&s isolat$ on ! ,m>e ,imbrium 7bel[ ! level ( :i* x is depress$ "s #cjjj feet71 ab\t midway betwe5 ,ar*im$es & ,lamb]t4 ,its walls1 ris+ ab\t #gjjj feet above ! floor1 are conspicu\sly t]rac$1 & on _! ,w4 out] slopes exhibit "s rem>kable depressions4 ,!re is a di/9ct break on ! ,n41 & a bright little crat] on ! ,n4,w41 connect$ ) ! foot ( ! glacis by a prom95t ridge4 ,on ! bright c5tral m\nta91 ,s*midt1 9 #ahdb1 detect$ a crat]1 :i* is easily se5 "u a mod]ately high light4 ,timo*>is & ! neighb\rhood1 especially ! peculi> %ape ( ! t]m9ator on ! ,e4 ( ! =mation1 is well wor? exam9ation at sunrise4 ,,piazzi ,,smy?4--,a conspicu\s little r+-pla91 #e or #f miles 9 diamet]1 depress$ ab\t #aejj feet bel[ ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 ) a bord] ris+ ab\t #bjjj feet above x4 ,) ! curi\s arrangem5t ( ridges1 ( :i* x is ! app>5t c5tre1 x is a /rik+ object "u a l[ sun4 ,,kir*4--,a r small] object ( ! same class on ! ,s4,e4 ,,plato4--,?is beautiful wall$-pla91 #fj miles 9 diamet]1 ) its bright bord] & d>k /eel-grey floor1 has1 f ! "t ( ,hevelius to ! pres5t1 be5 "o ( ! mo/ famili> objects to lun> obs]v]s4 ,9 ! rude maps ( ! sev5te5? c5tury x figures z ! ,lacus ,nig] ,major1 an appellation :i* n inaptly describes its appe>ance "u a high sun1 :5 ! sombre tone ( its app>5tly smoo? int]ior is 9 /rik+ contra/ to t ( ! i/hmus on :i* ! =mation /&s4 ,x w repay obs]vation "u e phase1 & ?\gh dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s no portion ( ! moon has be5 m dilig5tly scrut9is$ ?an ! floor2 ! neighb\rhood includes a v great numb] ( objects ( e k9d1 :i*1 n hav+ receiv$ s mu* att5tion1 w af=d ample employm5t to ! possessor ( a good telescope dur+ _m lunations4 ,! bord] ( ,plato1 v>y+ 9 height f #cjjj to #djjj feet above ! int]ior1 is cr[n$ by sev]al l(ty peaks1 ! highe/ 7#gdjj feet7 /&+ on ! ,n4 side ( ! curi\s little triangul> =mation on ! ,e4 wall4 ,^? on ! ,w41 ?ree 9 numb]1 reckon+ f ,n4 to ,s41 are respectively ab\t #ejjj1 #fjjj1 & #gjjj feet 9 altitude above ! floor4 ,! circumvallation be+ v mu* brok5 & int]sect$ by passes1 exhibits _m di/9ct brea*es ( cont9uity1 especially on ! ,s4 ,!re is a rem>kable valley on ! ,s4,w41 :i*1 cutt+ ?r\gh ! bord] at a wide angle1 sudd5ly turns t[>ds ! ,s4,e41 & desc5ds ! slope ( ! glacis 9 a m att5uat$ =m4 ,ano!r b %ort] valley is traceable at sunrise on ! ,w4 ,on ! ,n4,w41 ! ramp>t is visibly dislocat$1 & ! gap occupi$ by an intrusive m\nta9 mass4 ,?is dislocation is n conf9$ to ! wall1 b1 "u fav\rable conditions1 may be trac$ across ! floor to ! brok5 ,s4,e4 bord]4 ,x is probably a true fault4 ,on ! ,n4,e41 ! inn] slope ( ! wall is v broad1 & af=ds a f9e example ( a va/ l&slip4 ,! spots & fa9t light m>k+s on ! floor are ( a p>ticul>ly int]e/+ "*4 ,dur+ ! ye>s #ahfi to #ahga !y 7 sy/ematically obs]v$ & discuss$ "u ! auspices ( ! ,lun> ,committee ( ! ,briti% ,association4 ,among ! =ty or m spots record$1 six 7 f\nd to be crat]-cones4 ,! rema9d]--or at lea/ mo/ ( !m--are extremely delicate objects1 :i* v>y 9 visibility 9 a way t is cle>ly indep5d5t ( libration or sol> altitude2 &1 :at is also v sugge/ive1 !y are always f\nd closely associat$ ) ! light m>k+s1--/&+ ei!r ^u ! surface ( ^! features or close to _! edges4 ,rec5t obs]vations ( ^! spots ) a #ac in* telescope by ,pr(essor ,w4,h4 ,pick]+1 "u ! exceptionally good conditions :i* prevail at ,arequipa1 ,p]u1 h reviv$ int]e/ 9 ! subject1 = !y t5d to %[ t visible *anges h tak5 place 9 ! aspect ( ! pr9cipal crat]-cones & ( "s ( ! o!r spots s9ce !y 7 s c>efully & zeal\sly scrut9is$ ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago4 ,! gradual d>k5+ ( ! floor ( ,plato z ! sun's altitude increases f #bj deg4 till aft] full moon may be reg>d$ z an e/abli%$ fact1 ?\gh no feasible hypo!sis has be5 advanc$ to acc\nt = x4 ,on ! ,n4,e4 ( ,plato is a l>ge bright crat]1 ,a2 &1 ext5d+ 9 a l9e f ?is t[>ds ! ,e41 is a numb] ( small] r+s1 ! :ole gr\p be+ well wor? exam9ation4 ,on ! ,n4 !re is a w9d+ cleft1 & "s %ort cross$ clefts 9 ! rugg$ surface j beyond ! foot ( ! wall1 :i* ,i h se5 ) a #d in* a*romatic4 ,! region on ! ,w41 imp]fectly %[n 9 ! maps1 includes mu* unrecord$ detail4 ,on ! ,m>e ,imbrium ,s4 ( ,plato is a l>ge area enclos$ by l[ ridges1 to :i* ,s*rot] gave ! "n ,newton4 ,x sugge/s ! idea t x repres5ts ! ru9 ( a once impos+ enclosure1 ( :i* ! conspicu\s m\nta9 ,pico =m$ a "p4 ,,timaeus4--,a v bright r+-pla91 #bb miles 9 diamet]1 ) walls ab\t #dejj feet 9 height1 on ! coa/-l9e ( ! ,m>e ,frigoris1 & associat$ ) ! ,e4 side ( ! great enclos$ pla9 ,w4,c4 ,bond4 ,s*midt %[s a d\ble hill1 ne>ly c5tral1 & ,neison a crat] on ! ,s4,w4 wall4 ,,birm+ham4--,a l>ge rhomboidal-%ap$ enclosure1 def9$ by m\nta9 *a9s & trav]s$ by a numb] ( v rem>kable p>allel ridges4 ,x is situat$ ne>ly due ,n4 ( ,plato on ! ,n4 edge ( ! ,m>e ,frigoris1 & lies on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ,w4,c4 ,bond1 to :i* x be>s a c]ta9 resemblance4 ,?is region is *>act]is$ by ! p>allelism display$ by _m =mations1 l>ge & small4 ,x is m app>5t h]eab\ts ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! moon's visible surface4 ,:5 fav\rably plac$ "u a l[ morn+ sun1 ,birm+ham is a /rik+ telescopic object4 ,,font9elle4--,a f9e r+-pla91 #bc miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,n4 m>g9 ( ! ,m>e ,frigoris1 ,n4,n4,e4 ( ,plato1 ) a wall ris+ on ! ,e41 #fjjj feet above a bright int]ior4 ,i f9d its bord] indi/9ct & nebul\s1 except+ "u v oblique light1 ?\gh ?ree ( ! little crat]s ^u x are bright & prom95t4 ,"o /&s on ! ,s41 ano!r on ! ,n4,w41 & a ?ird on ! ,e4 ,s*midt %[s only ! fir/ ( ^!1 & ,neison none ( !m4 ,font9elle has a l[ c5tral m\nta9 :i* is easily di/+ui%$4 ,font9elle ,a1 an isolat$ m\nta9 on ! ,s41 is m ?an #cjjj feet high4 ,on ! ,n4 !re is a curi\s m\nta9 gr\p1 also ( consid]able altitude1 & on ! ,w4 an irregul> depression surr\nd$ by a dusky area4 ,nor? ( ,font9elle1 ext5d+ t[>ds ,golds*midt & ! limb1 ,s*rot] discov]$ a v wide irregul> valley :i* he nam$ ,j4,j4 ,cass9i4 ,x is really no?+ m ?an a great pla9 b\nd$ by ridges4 ,at #i h4 ,octob] #ae1 #ahhh1 :5 ,philolaus 0 on ! morn+ t]m9ator1 ,i _h a f9e view ( x1 &1 z reg>ds its g5]al %ape1 f\nd t x agre$ v closely ) ,s*rot]'s draw+4 ,,epig5es4--,a rem>kable r+-pla91 ab\t #bf miles 9 diamet]1 abutt+ on a m\nta9 ridge runn+ p>allel to ! ,e4 flank ( ,w4,c4 ,bond4 ,x is a notable object "u a l[ morn+ sun4 ,!re are sev]al elevations on ! floor4 ,,golds*midt4--,a great abnormally-%ap$ enclosure ) l(ty walls betwe5 ,epig5es & ! limb4 ,neison m5tions only two crat]-pits )94 ,i h se5 ! rimm$ crat] %[n by ,s*midt on ! ,w4 side & ?ree or f\r o!r objects ( a d\btful k9d4 ,,anaxagoras4--,a brilliant r+-pla9 ( regul> =m1 #cb miles 9 diamet]1 adjo9+ ,golds*midt on ! ,e4 ,x is a prom95t c5tre ( light /reaks1 "s ( :i* trav]se ! int]ior ( ,golds*midt4 ,on ! nor? a peak rises to ! height ( #aj1jjj feet4 ,!re is a long ridge on ! floor1 runn+ f ,e4 to ,w4 ,,gioja4--,a r+-pla9 ab\t #bf miles 9 diamet]1 ne> ! nor? pole4 ,,ea/ ,,longitude #bj deg4 ,,to #dj deg4 ,,re9hold4--,a prom95t r+-pla91 #ca miles 9 diamet]1 ) a l(ty bord]1 ris+ at a peak on ! ,w4 to m ?an #ijjj feet above ! floor4 ,its %ape on ! ,w4 is cle>ly polygonal1 ! wall consi/+ ( ?ree rectil9eal sections1 & on ! ,e4 x is made up ( two /raight sections connect$ by a curv$ section4 ,! inn] slope includes a rem>kably di/9ct & regul> t]race1 ! ,e4 portion ( :i* is well se5 :5 ! int]ior is ab\t half illum9at$ by ! ris+ sun4 ,at ?is phase also ! great ext5t ( ! glacis on ! ,s4,w41 & ! deep wide gullies trav]s+ x on ! ,e4 are obs]v$ to ! be/ advantage4 ,! c5tral m\nta91 ?\gh ( consid]able size1 is n prom95t4 ,close to ,re9hold on ! ,n4,w4 /&s a notewor?y little =mation ) a l[ & p>tially l9eal wall1 exhibit+ a gap on ! nor?4 ,!re is a di/9ct crat] on ! ,s4 side ( its floor4 ,,gay-,,lussac4--,a v int]e/+ r+-pla91 #ae miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,c>pa?ian ,highl&s ,n4 ( ,cop]nicus1 ) a small] b bright] & deep] =mation 7,gay-,lussac ,a7 on ! ,s4,w4 ( x1 & a conspicu\s little crat]1 n m ?an #b or #c miles 9 diamet]1 betwe5 ! two4 ,! int]ior ( ,gay-,lussac is trav]s$ by two co>se clefts1 ly+ ne>ly 9 a m]idional direction4 ,! m ea/]ly runs f ! foot ( ! ,s4 wall1 ne> ! little crat] j m5tion$1 across ! floor to ! l[ ,n4 bord]1 :i* x app>5tly cuts ?r\gh1 & ext5ds = "s di/ance beyond1 t]m9at+ 9 a great oval expansion4 ,! o!r1 :i* is n %[n 9 ! maps1 is closely p>allel to x1 & c be trac$ up to ! ,n4 bord]1 b n f>!r4 ,s*midt repres5ts ! fir/ z a crat]-r[1 :i* x probably is1 z x v>ies consid]ably 9 wid?4 ,f ! ,s4,e4 side ( ! =mation ext5ds a long cleft1 t]m9at+ at ! end ( a prom95t spur f ! ,s4 side ( ! ,c>pa?ians4 ,!re are also two rem>kable rill-l valleys1 comm5c+ on ! ,n4 ( ,gay-,lussac ,a1 :i* curve r\nd ! ,w4 side ( ,gay-,lussac4 ,,hort5sius4--,?is brilliant crat]1 ab\t #aj miles 9 diamet]1 is rem>kable = its dep?1 & z be+ a ray-c5tre surr\nd$ by a nimbus ( light4 ,x has a c5tral m\nta91 & ,s*midt %[s a m9ute crat] on ! out] slope ( ! ,s4 wall4 ,! =m] is a te/ object4 ,,mili*ius4--,is situat$ on ! ,n4,n4,e4 ( ,hort5sius4 ,x is fully z bright1 b r small]4 ,its floor1 app>5tly devoid ( detail1 is consid]ably depress$ bel[ ! surr\nd+ surface4 ,,tobias ,,may]4--,l ,gay-,lussac1 a notewor?y r+-pla9 associat$ ) ! ,c>pa?ian ,m\nta9s4 ,x is #bb miles 9 diamet]1 & has a wall :i* rises on ! ,w4 to a height ( ne>ly #aj1jjj feet above ! floor2 on ! latt] !re is a conspicu\s c5tral m\nta91 & on ! ,e4 side a crat]1 & "s little hills4 ,s*midt %[s a small] crat] on ! ,w4 side1 :i* ,i h n se54 ,adjo9+ ! =mation on ! ,w4 is a r+- pla9 ( ab\t "o-f\r? its area1 :i* is a bright object4 ,tobias ,may] & ! neighb\r+ ,c>pa?ians =m an especially beautiful telescopic picture at sunrise4 ,,kun[sky4--,an inconspicu\s r+-pla91 ab\t #aa miles 9 diamet]1 /&+ 9 a b>r5 region 9 ! ,m>e ,procell>um1 ,w4,s4,w4 ( ,encke4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is tol]ably di/9ct4 ,,encke4--,a regul> r+-pla91 #bj miles 9 diamet]1 ) a comp>atively l[ bord]1 n[h]e ris+ m ?an #ahjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* is depress$ "s #ajjj feet bel[ ! surr\nd+ ,oceanus ,procell>um4 ,a l(ty ridge trav]ses ! floor f ,s4 to ,n41 bifurcat+ be=e x rea*es ! ,n4 wall4 ,!re is a bright crat] on ! ,w4 wall1 & a depression on ! opposite wall1 nei!r ( :i*1 /range to say1 is %[n on ! maps4 ,encke is encircl$ by ridges1 :i*1 :5 x is on ! morn+ t]m9ator1 comb9e to make x resemble a l>ge crat] surr\nd$ by a va/ m\nta9 r+4 ,,kepl]4--,"o ( ! mo/ brilliant objects 9 ! second quadrant1--a r+-pla9 ab\t #bb miles 9 diamet]1 ) a l(ty bord]2 a peak on ! ,e4 atta9+ an altitude ( #aj1jjj feet above ! surface4 ,! wall is mu* t]rac$1 especially ! out] slope on ! ,w41 :]e a n>r[ valley is easily traceable4 ,?\gh omitt$ f ! maps1 !re is a prom95t circul> depression on ! ,w4 bord]1 :i* =ms a di/9ct not* !reon at sunrise4 ,on ! ,n41 ! wall exhibits a conspicu\s gap4 ,!re is a c5tral hill on ! floor4 ,imm$iately ,e4 ( ,kepl] is a bright plateau1 b\nd$ on ! ,n4 by a v /raight bord]1 ) two small crat]s on its edge4 ,bo? ^! objects are incomplete on ! ,n41 z if !y _h be5 de=m$ by a fault1 :i* has app>5tly affect$ ! ,n4 end ( ,kepl] also4 ,kepl] is ! c5tre ( "o ( ! mo/ ext5d$ sy/ems ( bright /reaks on ! moon's visible surface4 ,,bess>ion4--,a bright little r+-pla91 ab\t #f miles 9 diamet]1 9 ! ,oceanus ,procell>um ,n4 ( ,kepl]4 ,!re is a small] & /ill bright] companion on ! ,n4 7,bess>ion ,e71 /&+ on a light area4 ,bess>ion has a m9ute c5tral hill1 difficult to detect4 ,,py!as4--,a small rhomboidal-%ap$ r+-pla91 #ab miles 9 diamet]1 /&+ 9 an isolat$ position on ! ,m>e ,imbrium betwe5 ,lamb]t & ,gay-,lussac4 ,its bright walls1 ris+ ab\t #bejj feet above ! ,m>e1 are mu* t]rac$ )91 especially on ! ,e4 ,!re is a bright little crat] on ! ,n4 out] slope1 ) a %ort s]p5t9e ridge runn+ up to x f ! region ,s4 ( ,lamb]t1 & ano!r w9d+ ridge ext5d+ f ! ,s4 wall to ! ,e4 ( two conspicu\s crat]s1 /&+ ab\t midway betwe5 ,py!as & ,gay-,lussac4 ,! =m] be>s a great resemblance to ! ridge ,n4 ( ,madl]1 &1 l ?is1 appe>s to trav]se ! ,n4 bord]4 ,! int]ior ( ,py!as1 :i* is depress$ m ?an #bjjj feet bel[ ! ,m>e1 includes a brilliant c5tral peak4 ,,lamb]t4--,a r+-pla91 #ag miles 9 diamet]1 pres5t+ _m notewor?y features4 ,! cre/ ( its bord] /&s ab\t #bjjj feet above ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 & m ?an d\ble ?is height above ! int]ior4 ,! wall is prom95tly t]rac$ bo? )9 & )\t2 ! out] slope on ! ,w4 exhibit+ at sunrise a ne>ly cont9u\s valley runn+ r\nd x4 ,:5 ne> ! morn+ t]m9ator1 ! region on ! ,n4 is se5 to be trav]s$ by "s v rem>kable ridges & m>k+s2 "o cutt+ across ! ,n4 wall appe>s to repres5t a fault4 ,on ! ,s4 is a l>ge polygonal enclosure =m$ by l[ ridges4 ,on ! ,w41 t[>ds ,timo*>is1 is a brilliant m\nta9 #cjjj feet high1 a beautiful little object "u a l[ sun4 ,,lev]ri]4--,! m we/]ly ( a pair ( little r+-pla9s on ! ,n4 side ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 & ,s4,w4 ( ! ,laplace promontory4 ,x is ab\t #aj miles 9 diamet]1 ) walls ris+ "s #aejj feet above ! ,m>e1 & m ?an #fjjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* seems to be )\t a c5tral m\nta9 or o!r features4 ,s*midt %[s ! crat] on ! ,n4 rim & ano!r on ! ,s4,e4 slope1 bo? ( :i* are omitt$ by ,neison1 ?\gh !y are easy objects :5 ,helicon is on ! morn+ t]m9ator4 ,ab\t #bj miles on ! ,s4,e4 !re is a v bright little crat] on a fa9t light area4 ,,helicon4--,! companion r+-pla9 on ! ,e4 ,x is #ac miles 9 diamet]1 & is v simil>1 ?\gh n q s deep4 ,!re is a crat] on ! ,s4,e4 wall1 &1 accord+ to ,neison1 ano!r on ! out] slope ( ! ,n4 bord]4 ,webb records a c5tral crat]4 ,if ,helicon is obs]v$ :5 on ! morn+ t]m9ator1 x w be se5 to be trav]s$ by a curv$ ridge :i* cuts ?r\gh ! walls1 & runs up to a bright crat] ,s4,e4 ( ,lev]ri]4 ,x appe>s to be a fault1 ^: d[n?r[1 ?\gh slight1 is cle>ly indicat$ by an area ( l[] gr\nd on ! ,e4 ,!re is a great numb] ( small crat]s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ?is =mation4 ,,eul]4--,! mo/ ea/]ly ( ! r[ ( great r+-pla9s1 :i*1 beg9n+ on ! ,w4 ) ,autolycus1 & foll[$ by ,ar*im$es1 ,timo*>is1 & ,lamb]t1 ext5ds almo/ 9 a great circle f ! ,n4,w4 to ! ,s4,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,x is ab\t #ai miles 9 diamet]1 & is surr\nd$ by t]rac$ walls1 :i*1 ?\gh ( no great height above ! ,m>e1 rise #fjjj feet above ! floor4 ,!re is a di/9ct little gap 9 ! ,s4 wall1 easily glimps$ :5 x is close to ! morn+ t]m9ator1 :i* probably repres5ts a small crat]4 ,eul] has a bright c5tral m\nta91 & is a c5tre ( :ite silv]y /reaks4 ,,brayley4--,a v conspicu\s little r+-pla9 ,e4,s4,e4 ( ,eul]1 ) two small] b equally brilliant objects ( ! same class situat$ respectively ,e4 & ,w4 ( x4 ,,diophantus4--,=ms ) ,delisle1 its companion on ! ,n41 a notewor?y object4 ,x is ab\t #ac miles 9 diamet]1 ) a wall1 :i* has a di/9ct break 9 its cont9uity on ! ,n41 ris+ ab\t #bejj feet above ! ,m>e4 ,a rill-valley runs f ! ,e4 side ( ! r+ t[>ds ! ,w4 face ( a triangul>-%ap$ m\nta9 on ! ,e4 ( a l9e jo9+ ! =mation ) ,delisle4 ,nor? are ?ree bright little crat]s 9 a l9e1 ! middle "o be+ mu* ! l>ge/4 ,f ! mo/ ea/]ly ( ^! objects a light /reak may be trac$ "u a high sun1 ext5d+ = _m miles to ano!r small crat] on ! ,n4,w4 ( ,diophantus1 & exp&+ at a po9t due ,n4 ( ! =mation into a sp9dle-%ap$ m>k+4 ,at sunrise1 ! ,w4 portion ( ! /reak has all ! appe>ance ( a cleft1 ) a bran* ab\t midway runn+ to ! ,s4 side ( ,delisle4 ,"u ! same phase a broad b& ( %ad[ ext5ds f ! ,n4,e4 wall to ! triangul> m\nta9 j m5tion$1 repres5t+ a v sudd5 drop 9 ! surface--resembl+ on a small scale ! well-kn[n railroad ,e4 ( ,!bit4 ,diophantus has no c5tral m\nta94 ,,delisle4--,a l>g] & m irregul>ly-%ap$ object ?an ! la/1 #af miles 9 diamet]1 ) l(ti] & m massive walls1 & an ext5sive b ill-def9$ c5tral hill4 ,!re is an evid5t break 9 ! nor!rn bord]4 ,a triangul> m\nta9 on ! ,s4,e4 & a w9d+ ridge runn+ up to ! ,n4 wall are prom95t features at sunrise1 z are also ! brilliant summits ( a gr\p ( hills "s di/ance to ! ,e4,n4,e4 ,,c>l9i4--,a small b prom95t & deep little crat] ab\t #e miles 9 diamet] on ! ,m>e ,imbrium ab\t midway betwe5 ,lamb]t & ! ,s9us ,iridum4 ,!re are _m fa9t light /reaks 9 ! vic9ity1 "o ( :i* ext5ds f ,c>l9i to ,bian*9i1 on ! edge ( ! ,s9us1--a di/ance ( #cjj miles4 ,s*midt %[s a c5tral peak4 ,,c>ol9e ,,h]s*el4--,a bright & v deep r+-pla9 ab\t #h miles 9 diamet] on ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 "s di/ance ,e4,n4,e4 ( ! la/4 ,on ! ,s4,e4 lies a l>g] crat]1 ,delisle ,b1 :i* has a small b obvi\s crat] on its ,n4 rim1 & ca/s a v prom95t %ad[ at sunrise4 ,c>ol9e ,h]s*el /&s on a long curv$ ridge runn+ ,n4,e4 f ,lamb]t t[>ds ! region ,e4 ( ,helicon1 &1 accord+ to ,s*midt1 has a c5tral peak4 ,on ! ,e4 is a bright m\nta9 ) two peaks2 "s di/ance ,n4 ( :i* is a l>ge ill-def9$ :ite spot1 ) ano!r spot ( a simil> k9d on ! ,w4 ( x1 ne>ly due ,n4 ( ,c>ol9e ,h]s*el4 ,,grui?uis54--,?is r+-pla91 #aj miles 9 diamet]1 is situat$ on ! ,m>e ,imbrium on ! ,n4,e4 ( ,delisle4 ,x is associat$ ) a numb] ( ridges tr5d+ t[>ds ! region ,n4 ( ,ari/>*us & ,h]odotus4 ,,! ,,laplace ,,promontory4--,a magnific5t headl& m>k+ ! extreme we/]n extremity ( ! f9e/ bay on ! moon's visible surface1 ! ,s9us ,iridum2 above :i* x t[]s to a height ( #ijjj feet or m1 project+ consid]ably 9 front ( ! l9e ( massive cliffs :i* def9e ! bord] ( ! ,s9us1 & pres5t+ a long /raight face to ! ,s4,e4 ,ne> its summit are two l>ge b %all[ depressions1 ! m ea/]ly hav+ a v bright int]ior4 ,at a l[] level1 almo/ directly bel[ ! la/1 is a ?ird depression4 ,all ?ree are easy objects "u a l[ sun4 ,! be/ view ( ! promontory & its surr\nd+s is obta9$ :5 ! ,e4 side ( ! bay is on ! morn+ t]m9ator4 ,its prom95t %ad[ is traceable = _m days aft] sunrise4 ,,! ,,h]aclides ,,promontory4--,! less l(ty b /ill v impos+ headl& at ! ,e4 end ( ! ,s9us ,iridum1 ris+ m ?an #djjj feet above x4 ,x consi/s ( a numb] ( di/9ct m\nta9s1 =m+ a triangul>-%ap$ gr\p runn+ out to a po9t at ! ,s4,w4 extremity ( ! bay1 & project+ consid]ably beyond ! %ore-l9e4 ,!re is a consid]able crat] on ! ,e4 side ( ! headl&1 n visible till a late /age ( sunrise4 ,x is among ! m\nta9s compos+ ?is promontory t "s +5uity & imag9ation h be5 exp5d$ 9 endeav\r+ to trace ! l9eam5ts ( a female face1 t]m$ ! ,moon- maid54 ,,bian*9i4--,a f9e r+-pla91 ab\t #ah miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,n4,e4 side ( ! ,s9us ,iridum1 surr\nd$ by ! l(ty m\nta9s def9+ ! bord] ( ! bay4 ,its walls1 :i* are prom95tly t]rac$ )91 rise ab\t #gjjj feet on ! ,e41 & ab\t #hjjj feet on ! ,w4 above ! floor1 :i* includes a prom95t ridge & a conspicu\s c5tral m\nta94 ,!re is a di/9ct crat] on ! ,s4 wall1 n %[n 9 ! maps4 ,betwe5 ?is side ( ! =mation & ! bay is a numb] ( hills runn+ p>allel to ! %ore-l9e3 ^!1 ) ! int]v5+ valleys1 w repay exam9ation at sunrise4 ,,maup]tuis4--,a great m\nta9 enclosure ( irregul> %ape1 ab\t #bj miles 9 diamet]1 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,s9us ,iridum highl&s1 ,n4 ( ,laplace4 ,! walls are mu* brok5 by passes1 & ! int]ior includes _m hills & ridges4 ,,condam9e4--,a rhomboidal-%ap$ r+-pla91 ab\t #bc miles 9 diamet]1 ,n4 ( ,maup]tuis1 ) l(ty walls1 especially on ! ,e41 :]e !y rise "s #djjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,!re are ?ree l>ge depressions on ! out] ,n4,w4 slope1 & at lea/ ?ree m9ute crat]s on ! cre/ ( ! wall j above4 ,?\gh nei!r ,neison nor ,s*midt draw any detail !reon1 !re is a prom95t ridge on ! ,n4 side ( ! floor1 & a l[ circul> hill on ! ,s4 ,on ! ,s4,e4 f\r long ridges or spurs radiate f ! wall1 & on ! ,n4,e4 are ?ree rem>kable squ>e-%ap$ enclosures4 ,on ! edge ( ! ,m>e ,frigoris1 ,n4,w4 ( ,condam9e1 are _m little crat]s ) bright rims & a di/9ct %ort cleft1 runn+ p>allel to ! coa/-l9e4 ,! w9d+ valleys 9 ! region bord]+ ! ,s9us ,iridum1 & o!r curi\s details1 r5d] ?is portion ( ! moon's surface almo/ unique4 ,,b\gu]4--,a bright regul> little r+-pla91 ab\t #h miles 9 diamet]1 ,n4 ( ,bian*9i4 ,j4,f4,w4 ,,h]s*el4--,a va/ enclos$ pla91 ab\t #ij miles across1 b\nd$ on ! ,w4 by a m\nta9 range1 :i* "h def9es ! ,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,frigoris1 on ! ,s4 by massive m\nta9s1 & on ! o!r sides by a l(ty b mu* brok5 wall1 int]sect$ by _m passes4 ,)9 is a l>ge r+-pla91 ne>ly c5tral1 & a l>ge numb] ( little crat]s & crat]-pits4 ,! floor is trav]s$ longitud9ally by _m l[ ridges1 ly+ v close toge!r1 :i* at sunrise resemble f9e grooves or scrat*es ( irregul> wid? & dep?4 ,,horreb[4--,a r+-pla9 ( rem>kable %ape1 resembl+ ! analemma figure1 /&+ at ! ,s4 end ( ! m\nta9 range b\nd+ ,j4,f4,w4 ,h]s*el on ! ,w4 ,s*midt %[s a crat] on ! ,w4 wall1 ne> ! con/riction on ?is side1 & a second at ! foot ( ! slope ( ! ,e4 wall4 ,,philolaus4--,a r+-pla9 #df miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,n4,e4 ( ,font9elle4 ,its bright walls rise on ! ,w4 to a height ( ne>ly #ab1jjj feet above ! floor 7on :i* !re is a conspicu\s c5tral m\nta971 & exhibit _m prom95t t]races4 ,philolaus is p>tially encircl$1 at no great di/ance1 by a curv$ ridge1 on :i* w be f\nd a numb] ( small crat]s4 ,,anaxim9es4--,a mu* =e%ort5$ r+-pla91 ab\t #ff miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,e4 ( ,philolaus4 ,"o peak on ! ,e4 is ne>ly #hjjj feet 9 height4 ,s*midt %[s f\r crat]s on ! ,w4 side ( ! floor1 & a fif? on ! ,s4,e4 side4 ,!re is a bright /reak 9 ! int]ior1 :i* ext5ds s\?w>ds = "s di/ance across ! ,m>e ,frigoris4 ,,ea/ ,,longitude #dj deg4 ,,to #fj deg4 ,,re9]4--,a regul> r+-pla91 #ba miles 9 diamet]1 9 ! ,m>e ,procell>um1 ,s4,s4,e4 ( ,m>ius1 ) a v l(ty bord] t]rac$ )\t & )91 & a m9ute b conspicu\s m\nta9 /&+ at ! ,n4 end ( a ridge :i* trav]ses ! uni=mly d>k floor 9 a m]idional direction4 ,a long ridge ext5ds "s way t[>ds ! ,s4 f ! foot ( ! ,s4 wall1 & at "s di/ance 9 ! same direction lie six ill- def9$ :ite spots ( d\btful nature4 ,on ! ,e4,n4,e4 !re is a l>ge :ite m>k+1 resembl+ a ,jew's h>p 9 %ape1 & f>!r on1 t[>ds ! ,e41 a numb] ( v rem>kable ridges4 ,on ! ,w4 w be f\nd _m bright little crat]lets4 ,a ray f ,kepl] ext5ds almo/ up to ! ,w4 wall ( ,re9]4 ,,m>ius4--,a v notewor?y r+-pla91 #bg miles 9 diamet]1 9 ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 ,e4,n4,e4 ( ,kepl]1 ) a bright bord] ris+ ab\t #djjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* is ( an unev5 tone4 ,! ramp>t exhibits "s breaks1 especially on ! ,s4 ,! out] slope on ! ,w4 is trav]s$ by a f9e deep valley1 di/9ctly m>k$ :5 ! opposite side is on ! morn+ t]m9ator4 ,x orig9ates on ! ,s4,w4 at a prom95t crat] situat$ a little bel[ ! cre/ ( ! wall1 &1 foll[+ its curvature1 runs out on to ! pla9 ne> a l>ge m\nta9 j beyond ! foot ( ! ,n4 bord]4 ,9 addition to ! crat] j m5tion$1 !re are two small] ones bel[ ! summit ( ! ,s4 wall1 & a small circul> depression on ! ,s4,e4 wall4 ,mr4 ,w4,h4 ,maw1 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 has se51 ) a #f in* ,cooke refractor1 a bright m>k+ at ! ,n4 extremity ( ! r+1 :i*1 :5 exam9$ ) a ,dawes' eyepiece1 resembl$ an imp]fect crat]4 ,! floor includes at lea/ f\r objects--7#a7 ,a crat] on ! ,n4,w41 /&+ on a circul> light area2 7#b7 a :ite spot a little ,s4 ( ! c5tre2 7#c7 a small] :ite spot ,s4,e4 ( ?is2 7#d7 ano!r1 ne> ! inn] foot ( ! ,s4,w4 wall4 ,m>ius is an impos+ object "u oblique illum9ation1 ma9ly because ( ! numb] ( ridges by :i* x is surr\nd$4 ,i h frequ5tly rem>k$ at sunrise t ! surface on ! ,w41 & especially ! out] slope ( ! ramp>t1 is ( a decid$ br[n or sepia t9t1 simil> to t :i* has already be5 notic$ ) respect to ,gem9us & its vic9ity1 view$ "u l conditions4 ,s*midt 9 #ahfb discov]$ a long s]p5t9e cleft "s di/ance ,n4 ( ,m>ius1 :i* has n be5 se5 s9ce4 ,,ari/>*us4--,! brighte/ object on ! moon1 =m+ ) ,h]odotus 7a companion r+-pla9 on ! ,e471 & its rem>kable surr\nd+s1 "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ objects :i* ! telescope has reveal$ on ! visible surface1 & "o requir+ mu* pati5t obs]vation be=e its manifold details c be fully not$ & duly appreciat$4 ,its bord] rises #bjjj feet above ! out] surface on ! ,w41 b t[]s to m ?an d\ble ?is height above ! gli/5+ floor4 ,no lun> object ( its mod]ate dim5sions 7x is only ab\t #bi miles 9 diamet]7 has su* conspicu\sly t]rac$ walls1 or a great] numb] ( spurs & buttresses2 :i* are especially prom95t on ! ,s4 ,a valley runs r\nd ! out] slope ( ! ,w4 wall1 v simil> to t f\nd 9 a simil> position r\nd ,m>ius4 ,!re is also a di/9ct valley on ! brilliant inn] slope ( ! ,e4 wall1 bel[ its cre/4 ,x orig9ates at a bright little crat]1 & is traceable r\nd ! great] portion ( ! declivity4 ,"u a mod]ately high sun1 an oval area1 ne>ly z l>ge & fully z brilliant z ! c5tral m\nta91 is se5 on ?is inn] slope4 ,x is bord]$ on ei!r side by b&s ( a duski] hue1 :i* probably repres5t %all[ transv]se valleys4 ,f its dazzl+ brilliancy x is v difficult to obs]ve ! int]ior satisfactorily4 ,9 addition1 h[ev]1 to ! c5tral m\nta91 !re is a crat] on ! ,n4,w4 side ( ! floor4 ,on ! ,s4 side ( ,ari/>*us is a l>ge dusky r+ "s #aj miles 9 diamet]1 connect$ by ridges ) ! spurs f ! wall1 & on ! ,s4,e41 close to ! foot ( ! slope1 is ano!r small] r+ ( a l k9d4 ,,h]odotus4--,?is f> less brilliant b equally int]e/+ object is ab\t #bc miles 9 diamet]1 & is n s regul> 9 %ape z ,ari/>*us4 ,its ,w4 wall rises at "o po9t m ?an #djjj feet above ! v dusky floor4 ,except on ! ,s4,w4 & ,n4,e41 ! bord] is devoid ( detail4 ,on ! ,s4,w4 ?ree little not*es may be detect$ on its summit1 :i* probably repres5t small crat]s1 :ile on ! opposite side1 on ! inn] slope1 a little bel[ ! cre/1 is a l>ge crat]1 easily se54 ,bo? ! ,e4 & ,w4 sections ( ! wall are prolong$ t[>ds ! ,s4 f> beyond ! limits ( ! =mation4 ,^! rocky masses1 ) an int]m$iate wall1 are v conspicu\s "u oblique illum9ation1 t on ! ,s4,w4 be+ especially brilliant4 ,on ! ,n4 !re is a gap ?r\gh :i* ! well-kn[n s]p5t9e cleft passes on to ! floor4 ,betwe5 ! ,n4,w4 side ( ,h]odotus & ,ari/>*us is a l>ge plateau1 se5 to ! be/ advantage :5 ! morn+ t]m9ator lies a little di/ance ,e4 ( ! =m]4 ,x is trav]s$ by a ,t-%ap$ cleft :i* communicates ) ! great s]p5t9e cleft & ext5ds t[>ds ! ,s4 end ( ,ari/>*us1 till x meets a second cleft 7=m+ ! upp] "p ( ! ,t7 runn+ f ! ,s4,e4 side ( ?is =mation along ! ,w4 side ( ,h]odotus4 ,! great s]p5t9e cleft1 discov]$ by ,s*rot]1 ,octob] #g1 #aghg1 is 9 _m respects ! mo/ int]e/+ object ( its class4 ,x comm5ces at ! ,n4 end ( a %ort wide valley1 trav]s+ m\nta9s "s di/ance ,n4,e4 ( ,h]odotus1 z a comp>atively delicate cleft4 ,aft] foll[+ a some:at irregul> c\rse t[>ds ! ,n4,w4 = ab\t #ej miles1 & becom+ gradually wid] & deep]1 x makes a sudd5 turn & runs = ab\t #aj miles 9 a ,s4,w4 direction4 ,x !n *anges its c\rse z abruptly to ! ,n4,w4 aga9 = #c or #d miles1 once m turns to ! ,s4,w41 &1 z a mu* co>s] *asm1 ma9ta9s ?is direction = ab\t #bj miles1 till x rea*es ! ,s4,e4 edge ( a great m\nta9 plateau ,n4 ( ,ari/>*us1 :5 x sw]ves slightly t[>ds ! ,s41 becom+ wid] & wid]1 up to a place a few miles ,n4 ( ,h]odotus1 :]e x exp&s into a broad valley2 & !n1 some:at sudd5ly contract+ 9 wid?1 & becom+ less co>se1 ent]s ! r+-pla9 ?r\gh a gap 9 ! ,n4 wall1 z be=e m5tion$4 ,i always f9d t portion ( ! valley 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,h]odotus m or less indi/9ct1 ?\gh x is broad & deep4 ,?is "p ( x1 unless x is obs]v$ at a late /age ( sunrise1 is obscur$ by ! %ad[ ( ! m\nta9s on ! bord] ( ! plateau4 ,grui?uis5 suspect$ a cleft cross+ ! region embrac$ by ! s]p5t9e valley1 =m+ a connection betwe5 its co>se s\!rn extremity & ! long /raight section4 ,?is has be5 (t5 se>*$ =1 b nev] f\nd4 ,x may exi/1 nev]!less1 = 9 _m in/ances ,grui?uis5's discov]ies1 ?\gh = a long "t discr$it$1 h be5 confirm$4 ,! m\nta9 plateau ,n4 ( ,ari/>*us des]ves c>eful scrut9y1 z x ab\nds 9 detail & includes _m %ort clefts4 ,,h>b+]1 ,,m\nta9s4--,a rem>kable gr\p ( mod]ate height1 mo/ly ext5d+ f ! ,n4,w4 t[>ds ,ari/>*us4 ,!y include a l>ge incomplete wall$-pla9 ab\t #cj miles 9 diamet]1 def9$ on ! ,w4 by a l(ty bord]1 =m+ "p ( a m\nta9 *a91 & op5 to ! s\?4 ,?is curi\s =mation has _m depressions 9 connection ) its ,n4,w4 edge4 ,on ! ,n4 ( x !re is a crat]-r[ & a v peculi> zig-zag cleft4 ,! region %\ld be obs]v$ :5 ! ,e4 longitude ( ! morn+ t]m9ator is ab\t #de deg4 ,,s*iap>elli4--,a conspicu\s =mation1 ab\t #af miles 9 diamet]1 betwe5 ,h]odotus & ! ,n4,e4 limb1 ) a bord] ris+ ne>ly #bjjj feet above ! ,m>e1 & ab\t #ajjj m above ! floor1 on :i* ,s*midt %[s a c5tral hill4 ,,wolla/on4--,a small bright crat] on ! ,m>e ,n4 ( ! ,h>b+] ,m\nta9s1 surpass$ 9 int]e/ by a rem>kable =mation a few miles ,s4 ( x1 ,wolla/on ,b1 an object ( ab\t ! same size1 b :i* is associat$ ) a mu* l>g] enclosure1 resembl+ a wall$-pla91 ly+ on ! ,n4 side ( x4 ,?is =mation has a l(ty bord] on ! ,w41 surm\nt$ by two small crat]s4 ,! wall is l[] on ! ,e4 & exhibits a gap4 ,!re is a c5tral hill1 only visible "u a l[ sun4 ,ab\t midway betwe5 ,wolla/on & ?is enclosure /&s a small isolat$ triangul> m\nta94 ,f a hill on ! ,e4 runs a rill valley to ! m we/]ly ( a pair ( crat]s1 connect$ by a ridge1 on ! ,s4,e4 ( ,wolla/on ,b4 ,,mairan4--,a bright r+-pla9 ( irregul> %ape1 #be miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,e4 ( ! ,h]aclides promontory4 ,! bord]1 especially on ! ,e41 v>ies consid]ably 9 altitude1 z is evid5t f its %ad[ at sunrise2 at "o peak on ! ,w4 x is said to atta9 a height ( m ?an #ae1jjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,!re is a v m9ute crat] on ! cre/ ( ! ,s4 wall1 d[n ! inn] slope ( :i* runs a rill-l valley4 ,ab\t halfway d[n ! inn] face ( ! ,e4 wall are two o!r small crat]s1 connect$ toge!r by a w9d+ valley4 ,^! features may be se5 "u morn+ illum9ation1 :5 ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! floor is 9 sunlight4 ,s*rot] is ! only sel5ograph] :o gives ,mairan a c5tral m\nta94 ,9 ?is he is "r4 ,i h se5 )\t difficulty on sev]al occasions a l[ hill ne> ! c5tre4 ,! =mation is surr\nd$ by a numb] ( conspicu\s crat]s & crat]-pits4 ,on ! ,n4 !re is a %ort rill-l valley1 & ano!r1 mu* co>s]1 on ! ,s4 ,,%>p4--,a r+-pla9 some:at small] ?an ! la/1 on ! ,e4 ( ! ,s9us ,iridum1 f ! coa/-l9e ( :i* x is sep>at$ by l(ty m\nta9s4 ,!re is a di/9ct crat] at ! foot ( its ,n4,e4 wall1 & a bright c5tral m\nta9 on ! floor4 ,on ! ,n4 is a prom95t enclosure1 ne>ly z l>ge z ,%>p itself2 & on ! ,n4,e4 a brilliant little r+- pla91 ,a1 ab\t #h miles 9 diamet]1 connect$ ) ,%>p1 z ,madl] %[s1 by a wide valley4 ,,l\ville4--,a triangul>-%ap$ =mation on ! ,e4 ( a l9e jo9+ ,mairan & ,%>p4 ,x is hemm$ 9 by m\nta9s1 "o ( :i* t[]s #ejjj feet above its dusky floor4 ,,f\cault4--,a bright deep r+-pla91 ab\t #aj miles 9 diamet]1 ly+ ,e4 ( ! m\nta9s fr++ ! ,s9us ,iridum1 betwe5 ,bian*9i & ,h>palus4 ,a v l(ty peak rises ne> its ,n4 bord]1 &1 accord+ to ,neison1 x has a di/9ct c5tral m\nta91 ?\gh nei!r ,madl] or ,s*midt %[ any detail )94 ,,h>palus4--,a conspicu\s r+-pla91 ab\t #ad miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,n4,e4 ( ! la/1 ) a floor s9k+ #ac1jjj feet bel[ ! surr\nd+ surface4 ,z ! cubic cont5ts ( ! bord] & glacis are q inadequate to acc\nt = x1 we may ask1 :at has become ( ! mat]ial :i* presumably once fill$ ?is va/ depression8 ,h>palus has a bright c5tral m\nta94 ,,s\?4--,on ! ,w4 & ,s41 ! b\nd>ies ( ?is ext5sive enclosure are m]ely indicat$ by ridges1 :i* n[h]e atta9 ! dignity ( a wall4 ,on ! ,n41 ! edge ( a tablel& int]sect$ by a numb] ( valleys def9e its limits1 & on ! ,e4 a bord] =m+ also ! ,w4 side ( ,babbage4 ,! int]ior is trav]s$ by a numb] ( longitud9al hills1 & includes two bright little heights1 drawn by ,s*midt z crat]s4 ,,babbage4--,a /ill l>g] enclos$ area1 adjo9+ ,s\? on ! ,e41 & conta9+ a consid]able r+-pla9 ne> its ,w4 bord]4 ,x is a f9e telescopic object at sunrise1 ! int]ior be+ cross$ by a numb] ( transv]se m>k+s repres5t+ ridges4 ,^! are v simil> 9 "* 7b mu* co>s]7 to ^? f\nd on ! floor ( ,j4,f4,w4 ,h]s*el4 ,! curi\s detail on ! ,e4 wall is also wor? exam9ation at ?is phase4 ,,rob9son4--,a bright & v deep little r+-pla91 ab\t #ab miles 9 diamet]1 on a plateau ,n4 ( ,s\?4 ,s*midt %[s a crat] on ! ,w4 bord]1 & two o!rs at ! foot ( ! ,n4 & ,e4 bord]s respectively4 ,,anaxim&]4--,a f9e b mu* =e%ort5$ r+-pla91 #ci miles 9 diamet]1 abutt+ on ! ,e4 side ( ,j4,f4,w4 ,h]s*el4 ,x has a l>ge crat] on its ,w4 bord]1 :i* is common to ! two =mations1 & a v prom95t crat]1 bo? on ! ,s4 & ,n4 ,! b>ri] on ! ,s4,w4 rises to a height ( ne>ly #aj1jjj feet4 ,s*midt %[s a crat] & o!r details on ! floor4 ,,ea/ ,,longitude #fj deg4 ,,to #ij deg4 ,,lohrmann4--,?is r+-pla91 ) ,hevel & ,caval]ius on ! ,n4 ( x1 is a memb] ( a l9e> gr\p1 :i*1 b = its prop9quity to ! limb1 w\ld be "o ( ! mo/ impos+ on ! moon's surface4 ,lohrmann1 ab\t #bh miles 9 diamet]1 is surr\nd$ by a bright wall1 :i*1 to all appe>ance1 is devoid ( detail4 ,two prom95t ridges1 ) a f9e int]v5+ valley1 connect x ) ! ,n4 end ( ,grimaldi4 ,x has a l>ge b n conspicu\s c5tral m\nta94 ,on ! rugg$ surface1 betwe5 ! r+-pla9 & ! ,e4 edge ( ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 lies a v int]e/+ gr\p ( cross$ clefts1 "s ( :i* run f ,n4,e4 to ,s4,w41 & o!rs f ,n4,w4 to ,s4,e4 ,?ree ( ! latt] proce$ f diff]5t po9ts 9 a co>se valley ext5d+ f ,w4 to ,e41 & cross ! ridges j m5tion$4 ,!y foll[ a p>allel c\rse1 & t]m9ate on ! ,s4 side ( a crat]-r[1 consi/+ ( ?ree bright crat]s rang+ 9 a l9e p>allel to ! co>se valley4 ,on ! ,n4 side ( ^! objects1 & tang5tial to !m1 is ano!r cleft1 :i* trav]ses ! ,w4 & ,e4 walls ( ,lohrmann1 &1 cross+ ! region betwe5 x & ,riccioli1 t]m9ates app>5tly at ! ,w4 wall ( ! latt] =mation4 ,no map %[s ?is cleft1 ?\gh x is obvi\s en\gh2 &1 :5 ! ,e4 wall ( ,hevel is on ! morn+ t]m9ator1 ! not*es made by x 9 ! bord] ( ,lohrmann are easily detect$4 ,capt4 ,noble1 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 aptly comp>es two ( ! cross$ clefts to a pair ( scissors1 ! crat]s at :i* !y t]m9ate repres5t+ ! oval h&les4 ,on ! grey surface ( ! ,m>e ,w4 ( ,lohrmann is ! bright crat] ,lohrmann ,a1 f :i*1 runn+ ,n41 proce$s a rill-l valley end+ at a l>ge :ite spot1 :i* has a gli/5+ lu/re "u a high light4 ,,hevel4--,a great wall$-pla91 #ga miles 9 diamet]1 adjo9+ ,lohrmann on ! ,n41 ) a broad we/]n ramp>t1 ris+ at "o peak to a height above ! int]ior ( ne>ly #fjjj feet1 & pres5t+ a /eep bright face to ! ,oceanus ,procell>um4 ,!re are ?ree prom95t crat]s ne> its cre/1 & "o or two breaks 9 its cont9uity4 ,x is n s l(ty & is m brok5 on ! ,e41 :]e ?ree conspicu\s crat]s /& on its inn] slope4 ,! floor is slightly convex1 & includes a triangul> c5tral m\nta91 on :i* !re is a small crat]4 ,! ,s4 half ( ! int]ior is cross$ by f\r clefts3 7l7 runn+ f a little crat] ,n4 ( ! c5tral m\nta91 on ! ,w4 side ( x1 to a hill at ! foot ( ! ,s4,w4 wall2 7#b7 orig9at+ ne> ! mo/ s\!rly ( ! ?ree crat]s on ! inn] slope ( ! ,e4 wall1 & cross+ #a1 t]m9ates at ! foot ( ! ,w4 wall2 7#c7 has ! same orig9 z #b1 crosses #a1 &1 pass+ ov] a crat]let ,w4 ( ! c5tral m\nta91 also runs up to ! ,w4 wall at a po9t consid]ably ,n4 ( t :]e #b jo9s ! latt]2 7#d7 runs f ! crat]let j m5tion$ to ! ,w4 end ( #b4 ,,caval]ius4--,! mo/ nor!rly memb] ( ! l9e> *a91 a r+-pla91 #da miles 9 diamet]1 ) t]rac$ walls ris+ ab\t #aj1jjj feet above ! floor4 ,)9 !re is a long c5tral m\nta9 ) ?ree peaks4 ,"u a high light ! region on ! ,w4 is se5 to be cross$ by broad light /reaks4 ,,olb]s4--,a l>ge r+-pla91 #da miles 9 diamet]1 ne> ! limb1 ,n4,e4 ( ,caval]ius4 ,?\gh a v di/9ct =mation1 x is difficult to see its details except "u fav\rable conditions ( libration4 ,x has a l>ge crat] on its ,w4 wall1 a small] "o on ! ,e41 & a ?ird on ! ,n4 ,! floor includes a c5tral m\nta91 &1 accord+ to ,s*midt1 f\r crat]s4 ,he also %[s a crat]-rill on ! ,w4 wall1 ,n4 ( ! l>ge crat] !reon4 ,olb]s is ! orig9 ( a f9e sy/em ( light rays4 ,,galileo4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #i miles 9 diamet]1 ,n4,e4 ( ,re9]1 associat$ ) ridges1 "s ( :i* ext5d to ! ,jew's ,h>p m>k+ ref]r$ to "u ?is =mation4 ,,c>danus4--,a f9e regul> r+-pla91 ab\t #cb miles 9 diamet]1 ne> ! limb ,n4 ( ,olb]s4 ,its bright walls1 ris+ ab\t #djjj feet above ! light grey floor1 are cle>ly t]rac$1 & exhibit1 especially on ! ,s4,e41 sev]al spurs & buttresses4 ,!re is a f9e valley on ! out] ,w4 slope1 a l>ge bright crat] on ! ,m>e j beyond its foot1 & a conspicu\s m\nta9 9 ! same position f>!r nor?4 ,i h n succe$$ 9 see+ ! fa9t c5tral hill nor ! crat] ,n4 ( x %[n by ,s*midt1 b !re is a brilliant :ite circul> spot on ! floor at ! inn] foot ( ! ,n4,e4 wall :i* he does n %[4 ,,krafft4--,a v simil> object on ! ,n41 ( ab\t ! same dim5sions2 ) a c5tral peak1 & a l>ge crat] on ! d>k floor abutt+ on ! ,s4,w4 wall1 & ano!r ( ab\t half ! size on ! out] side ( ! ,w4 bord]4 ,f ?is crat] a v rem>kable cleft runs to ! ,n4 wall ( ,c>danus3 x is bord]$ on ei!r side by a bright bank1 & cuts ?r\gh ! ,n4,w4 bord] ( ! latt] =mation4 ,x is be/ se5 :5 ! ,e4 wall ( ,c>danus is on ! morn+ t]m9ator4 ,,vasco ,,de ,,gama4--,a bright enclosure1 #ea miles 9 diamet]1 ) a small c5tral m\nta94 ,x is associat$ on ! ,n4 ) a numb] ( enclos$ areas ( a simil> class1 all too ne> ! limb to be well se54 ,,seleucus4--,a consid]able r+-pla91 #cb miles 9 diamet]1 ) l(ty t]rac$ walls1 ris+ #aj1jjj feet above a d>k floor :i* includes an inconspicu\s c5tral hill4 ,?is =mation /&s on a ridge ext5d+ f ne> ,briggs to ! ,w4 side ( ,c>danus4 ,,otto ,,/ruve4--,an enorm\s enclosure1 b\nd$ on ! ,e4 by ! ,h]cynian ,m\nta9s1 & on ! ,w4 by a m\nta9 *a9 ( consid]able altitude1 surm\nt$ by ?ree or m bright little r+s4 ,on ! ,w4 side ( ! unev5-ton$ int]ior1 :i*1 accord+ to ,madl]1 includes an area ( m ?an #bf1jjj squ>e miles1 /& f\r crat]s1 sev]al little hills1 & light spots4 ,on ! ,w4 is ! mu* m regul> & almo/ z l>ge =mation1 ,otto ,/ruve ,a1 ! ,w4 bord] ( ,otto ,/ruve =m+ its ,e4 wall4 ,?is enclosure is b\nd$ else:]e by a v l[1 brok51 & att5uat$ b>ri]4 ,at sunrise ! ,e4 & ,w4 walls1 ) ! m\nta9 mass at ! ,n4 end1 :i* !y jo91 resemble a pair ( p>tially-op5$ calip]s4 ,!re is "o conspicu\s little crat] on ! ,w4 side ( ! floor2 &1 at or ne> full moon1 f\r or five :ite spots1 ne>ly c5tral1 are prom95tly visible4 ,,briggs4--,?is bright regul> r+-pla91 #cc miles 9 diamet]1 is situat$ a %ort di/ance ,n4 ( ,otto ,/ruve ,a4 ,a long ridge trav]ses ! int]ior f ,n4 to ,s4 ,on ! ,e4 is ano!r l>ge enclosure1 communicat+ ) ,otto ,/ruve on ! ,s41 & really =m+ a ,n4 ext5sion ( ?is =mation4 ,x has a l>ge & v deep crat]1 #ab miles 9 diamet]1 on its ,w4 bord]4 ,,li*t5b]g4--,a conspicu\s little r+-pla91 ab\t #ab miles 9 diamet]1 9 an isolat$ position on ! ,m>e1 "s di/ance ,n4 ( ,briggs4 ,x 0 "h t ,madl] records hav+ occasionally notic$ a pale r$di% t9t1 :i*1 ?\gh (t5 se>*$ =1 has n be5 subsequ5tly se54 ,,ulugh ,,beigh4--,a good-siz$ r+-pla91 ,e4 ( ! la/1 ) a bright bord] & c5tral m\nta94 ,too ne> ! limb = obs]vation4 ,,lavoisi]4--,a small bright wall$-pla9 ,n4 ( ,ulugh ,beigh4 ,x has a some:at d>k int]ior4 ,we/ ( x is ,lavoisi] ,a1 a r+-pla9 ab\t #ad miles 9 diamet]4 ,bo? are too ne> ! limb = useful obs]vation4 ,,g]>d4--,a l>ge enclosure close to ! limb1 /ill f>!r ,n41 conta9+ a long ridge & a crat]4 ,,h>d+4--,a small r+-pla9 ,w4 ( ,g]>d1 rem>kable = ! peculi> =m ( its %ad[ at sunrise1 & = ! ridges 9 its vic9ity4 ,,repsold4--,! l>ge/ ( a gr\p ( wall$ enclosures1 close to ! limb1 on ! ,e4 side ( ! ,s9us ,roris4 ,,x5ophanes4--,b = its position1 ?is deep wall$-pla91 #ahe miles 9 diamet]1 w\ld be a f9e telescopic object1 ) its l(ty walls1 l>ge c5tral m\nta91 & o!r details4 ,,o5opides4--,a l>ge & tol]ably regul> wall$-pla91 #dc miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,w4 ( ! la/4 ,! depressions on ! ,w4 wall are wor? exam9ation at sunrise4 ,!re is app>5tly no detail :atev] on ! floor4 ,,cleo/ratus4--,a small r+-pla91 ,n4 ( ,x5ophanes1 surr\nd$ by a numb] ( simil> objects1 all too ne> ! limb = obs]vation4 ,,py?agoras4--,a noble wall$-pla91 #ie miles 9 diamet]1 :i* no "o :o obs]ves x fails to lam5t is n ne>] ! c5tre ( ! disc1 z x w\ld !n und\bt$ly rank among ! mo/ impos+ objects ( its class4 ,ev5 "u all ! disadvantages ( position1 x is by f> ! mo/ /rik+ =mation 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,its ramp>t rises1 at "o po9t on ! ,n41 to a height ( ne>ly #ag1jjj feet above ! floor1 on :i* /&s a magnific5t c5tral m\nta91 famili> to mo/ obs]v]s4 ,,?ird ,,quadrant ,,ea/ ,,longitude #j deg4 ,,to #bj deg4 ,,mo/+4--,a v deep r+-pla91 #ae miles 9 diamet]1 ne> ! moon's equator1 & ab\t #f deg4 ,e4 ( ! fir/ m]idian4 ,!re is a crat] on ! ,n4 side ( its o!rwise unbrok5 bright bord]1 an inconspicu\s c5tral m\nta91 &1 accord+ to ,neison1 a d>k spot on ! ,s4 side ( ! floor4 ,at "s di/ance on ! ,s4,s4,w41 /&s ! bright crat]1 ,mo/+ ,a1 "o ( ! mo/ brilliant objects on ! moon's visible surface4 ,,reaumur4--,a l>ge p5tagonal enclosure1 ab\t #cj miles 9 diamet]1 ) a greatly brok5 bord]1 exhibit+ _m wide gaps1 situat$ on ! ,e4 side ( ! ,s9us ,m$ii1 ,n4,w4 ( ,h]s*el4 ,! walls are l(tie/ on ! ,s4 & ,s4,w41 :]e sev]al small crat]s are associat$ ) !m4 ,a ridge connects ! =mation ) ! great deep crat] ,reaumur ,a1 & a second l>ge enclosure ly+ on ! ,w4 side ( ! well-kn[n valley ,w4 ( ,h]s*el4 ,at ! end ( a spur on ! ,s4 side ( ! great crat] orig9ates a cleft1 :i* ,i h (t5 trac$ to ! ,n4,w4 wall ( ,ptolemaeus1 & across ! ,n4 side ( ! floor ( ?is =mation to a crat] on ! ,n4,e4 qu>t] ( x1 ,ptolemaeus d4 ,!re is a %ort cleft on ! ,w4 side ( ! floor ( ,reaumur1 runn+ f ,n4 to ,s4 ,,h]s*el4--,a typical r+-pla91 situat$ j outside ! ,n4 bord] ( ,ptolemaeus1 ) a l(ty wall ris+ ne>ly #aj1jjj feet above a some:at dusky floor1 :i* includes a prom95t c5tral m\nta94 ,its bright bord] is cle>ly t]rac$ bo? )9 & )\t1 ! t]races on ! inn] slope ( ! ,w4 wall be+ beautifully di/9ct ev5 "u a high light1 & on ! out] slope are "s curi\s irregul> depressions4 ,on ! ,s4,s4,e4 is a l>ge oblong deep crat]1 close to ! rocky m>g9 ( ,ptolemaeus1 & a little beyond ! foot ( ! wall on ! ,n4,w4 is a small] & m regul> rimm$ depression1 b1 /&+ ne> ! ,e4 bord] ( ! great valley1 m ?an #hj miles long1 & 9 places fully #aj miles wide1 :i* runs f ,s4,s4,w4 to ,n4,n4,e4 on ! ,w4 side ( ,h]s*el1 & be>s a close resemblance to ! well-kn[n ,uk]t ,valley4 ,h]s*el d is a l>ge b %all[ r+-pla9 on ! ,e4 ( ,h]s*el1 ) a brilliant b small] crat] on ! ,w4 ( x4 ,nor? ( ,h]s*el1 on a plateau conc5tric ) its outl9e1 /&s ! l>ge polygonal r+-pla9 ,h]s*el a1 a =mation ( a v int]e/+ "*1 ) a l[ brok5 wall1 exhibit+ _m gaps1 & includ+ "s crat]s ( a m9ute class4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! /&s on ! ,s4,w4 wall4 ,mr4 ,w4,h4 ,maw has detect$ "s ( ^! objects on ! ,n4 side1 bo? 9 connection ) ! bord] & beyond x4 ,,flamm>ion4--,a l>ge incomplete wall$-pla9 ,n4,e4 ( ,h]s*el1 op5 t[>ds ! ,n41 ) a bord] ris+ ab\t #cjjj feet above ! floor4 ,! brilliant crat]1 ,mo/+ ,a1 /&s j outside ! wall on ! ,e4 ,,ptolemaeus4--,tak+ its v fav\rable position into acc\nt1 ?is is und\bt$ly ! mo/ p]fect example ( a wall$-pla9 on ! moon's visible sup]ficies4 ,x is ! l>ge/ & mo/ nor!rly compon5t ( ! f9e l9e> *a9 ( great enclosures1 :i* ext5d s\?w>ds1 9 a ne>ly unbrok5 l9e1 to ,walt]4 ,x exhibits a v m>k$ dep>ture f circul>ity1 ! outl9e ( ! bord] approximat+ 9 =m to a hexagon ) ne>ly /raight sides4 ,x includes an area ( ab\t #ijjj squ>e miles1 ! greate/ di/ance f side to side be+ ab\t #aae miles4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ab\t equal 9 size to ! c\nties ( ,york1 ,lanca%ire1 & ,we/morl& comb9$2 & 7 x possible = "o to /& ne> ! c5tre ( its va/ floor1 he might easily suppose t he 0 /ation$ on a b\ndless pla92 =1 except t[>ds ! we/1 n a peak1 or o!r indication ( ! exi/5ce ( ! massive ramp>t w\ld be disc]nible2 & ev5 9 ?is direction he w\ld only see ! upp] portion ( a great m\nta9 on ! wall4 ,! bord] is mu* brok5 by gaps & int]sect$ by passes1 especially ,e4 & ,s41 :]e !re are sev]al valleys connect+ ! int]ior ) t ( ,alphonsus4 ,! l(tie/ portion ( ! wall1 :i* includes _m crat]i=m depressions1 is on ! ,w41 :]e "o peak rises to ne>ly #ijjj feet4 ,ano!r on ! ,n4,e4 is ab\t #fjjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,on ! ,n4,w4 is a rem>kable crat]-r[1 call$1 f its discov]]1 ,webb's furr[1 runn+ f a po9t a little ,n4 ( a depression on ! bord] to a l>g] crat]i=m depression on ! ,s4 ( ,hipp>*us ,k4 ,birt t]ms x a v fugitive & delicate lun> feature4 ,z reg>ds ! va/ sup]ficies enclos$ by ?is irregul> bord]1 x is *iefly rem>kable = ! numb] ( l>ge sauc]-%ap$ holl[s :i* are reveal$ on its surface "u a l[ sun4 ,!y are mo/ly f\nd on ! ea/]n qu>t] ( ! floor4 ,"s ( !m appe> to h v slight rims1 & 9 two or ?ree in/ances small crat]s may be detect$ )9 !m4 ,ow+ to _! %all[ness1 !y are v evanesc5t1 & c only be glimps$ = an h\r or s ab\t sunrise or sunset4 ,! l>ge bright crat] ,a1 ab\t #d miles 9 diamet] on ! ,n4,w4 side ( ! int]ior1 is by f> ! mo/ conspicu\s object ^u x4 ,adjo9+ x on ! ,n4 is a l>ge r+ ) a l[ bord]1 & ,n4 ( ?is aga9 is ano!r1 ext5d+ to ! wall4 ,mr4 ,maw & ,mr4 ,mee h se5 m9ute crat]s on ! bord]s ( ^! obscure =mations4 ,9 addition to ! objects j specifi$1 !re is a fairly conspicu\s crat]1 d1 on ! ,n4,e4 qu>t] ( ! floor1 & a v l>ge numb] ( o!rs di/ribut$ on its surface1 :i* is also trav]s$ by a network ( light /reaks1 t h rec5tly be5 c>efully record$ by ,mr4 ,a4,s4 ,williams4 ,a cleft1 f ne> ,reaumur ,a1 trav]ses ! ,n4 side ( ! floor1 & runs up to ,ptolemaeus d4 ,,alphonsus4--,a l>ge wall$-pla91 #hc miles 9 diamet]1 ) a massive irregul> bord] abutt+ on ! ,s4,s4,e4 side ( ,ptolemaeus1 & ris+ at "o place on ! ,n4,w4 to a height ( #gjjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,! floor pres5ts _m features ( int]e/4 ,x includes a bright c5tral peak1 =m+ "p ( a longitud9al ridge1 on ei!r side ( :i* runs a w9d+ cleft1 orig9at+ at a crat]-r[ on ! ,n4 side ( ! int]ior4 ,!re is a ?ird cleft on ! ,n4,w4 side1 & a f\r? ne> ! foot ( ! ,e4 wall4 ,!re are also ?ree peculi> d>k areas )9 ! circumvallation2 two1 "s di/ance ap>t1 abutt+ on ! ,w4 wall1 & a ?ird1 triangul> 9 %ape1 at ! foot ( ! ,e4 wall4 ,! la/- m5tion$ cleft trav]ses ?is pat*4 ,^! dusky spots are easily recognis$ 9 good photographs ( ! moon4 ,,alpetragius4--,a f9e object1 #bg miles 9 diamet]1 closely connect$ ) ! ,s4,e4 side ( ,alphonsus4 ,x has peaks on ! ,w4 t[]+ #ab1jjj feet above ! floor1 on :i* !re is an imm5se c5tral m\nta91 :i* 9 ext5t1 complexity1 & altitude surpasses _m t]re/rial m\nta9 sy/ems--z1 = example1 ! ,sn[donian gr\p4 ,! massive b>ri] betwe5 ,alpetragius & ,alphonsus des]ves c>eful scrut9y1 & %\ld be exam9$ "u a mod]ately l[ morn+ sun4 ,on ! ,e41 t[>ds ,lassell1 /&s a brilliant light-surr\nd$ crat]4 ,,arza*el4--,ano!r magnific5t object1 associat$ on ! ,n4 ) ,alphonsus1 ab\t #ff miles 9 diamet]1 & encircl$ by a massive complex ramp>t1 ris+ at "o po9t m ?an #ac1jjj feet above a depress$ floor4 ,x pres5ts "s v sugge/ive examples ( t]races & l>ge depressions1 ! latt] especially well se5 on ! ,s4,e4 ,! bright int]ior includes a l>ge c5tral m\nta9 ) a digitat$ base on ! ,s4,e41 "s small] hills on ! ,s4 ( x1 a deep crat] ,w4 ( x 7) small crat]s ,n4 & ,s471 &1 betwe5 ! crat] & ! foot ( ! ,w4 wall1 a v curi\s w9d+ cleft4 ,,lassell4--,?is r+-pla91 "s #ad miles 9 diamet]1 is irregul> bo? z reg>ds its outl9e & ! wid? ( its ramp>t4 ,!re is a crat] on ! cre/ ( ! ,n4,w4 wall1 j above a notable break 9 its cont9uity ?r\gh :i* a ridge f ! ,n4,w4 passes4 ,!re is ano!r crat] on ! opposite side4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is small & difficult to see4 ,ab\t #bj miles ,n4,e4 ( ,lassell is a rem>kable m\nta9 gr\p associat$ ) a bright crat]1 & fur!r on 9 ! same direction is a light oval area1 ab\t #aj miles across1 ) a crat] 7,alpetragius d7 on its ,s4 edge4 ,madl] describ$ ?is area z a bright crat]1 #e miles 9 diamet]1 :i* n[ x c]ta9ly is n4 ,,lal&e4--,a v deep r+-pla91 ab\t #ad miles 9 diamet]1 ,n4,e4 ( ,ptolemaeus1 ) bright t]rac$ walls1 "s #fjjj feet above ! floor1 :i* conta9s a l[ c5tral m\nta94 ,on ! ,n4 is ! long cleft runn+1 ) "s int]ruptions1 9 a ,w4,n4,w4 direction t[>ds ,reaumur4 ,,davy4--,a deep irregul> r+-pla91 #bc miles across1 on ! ,m>e ,e4 ( ,alphonsus4 ,!re is a deep crat] ) a bright rim on its ,s4,w4 wall1 & ,e4 ( ?is a notable gap4 ,!re is also a wide op5+ on ! ,n4 ,! ,e4 wall is ( ! l9e> type4 ,a cleft crosses ! int]ior4 ,,gu]ike4--,! mo/ s\!rly memb] ( a rem>kable gr\p ( p>tially de/roy$ wall$-pla9s1 /&+ 9 an isolat$ position 9 ! ,m>e ,nubium4 ,its bord]1 on ! ,w4 & ,n4 especially1 is mu* brok51 & nev] rises mu* m ?an #bjjj feet above ! ,m>e1 except at "o place on ! ,n41 :]e !re is a m\nta9 ab\t #ajjj feet high]4 ,! ,e4 wall is tol]ably cont9u\s1 b is ( a v abnormal %ape4 ,on ! ,s4 !re is a peculi> ,,lambda-%ap$ gap 7) a bright crat]1 & ano!r less prom95t on ! ,e4 side ( x71 ! n>r[e/ "p ( :i* op5s into a long wide w9d+ valley1 b\nd$ by l[ hills1 ext5d+ to ! ,w4 side ( a bright r+-pla91 ,gu]ike ,b1 on ! ,s4,e4 ,a crat]-*a9 occupies ! c5tre ( ?is valley4 ,!re is mu* detail )9 ,gu]ike4 ,a l>ge deep bright crat] /&s "u ! ,e4 bord] on a m\nd1 :i*1 gradually n>r[+ 9 wid?1 ext5ds to ! ,n4 wall2 & a rill-l valley runs f ! ,n4 bord] t[>ds ! ,e4 side ( ! ,,lambda-%ap$ gap4 ,9 addition to ^! features1 !re is a %all[ rimm$ crat]1 ab\t midway betwe5 ! extremities ( ! rill-valley1 & sev]al m9or elevations on ! floor4 ,on ! brok5 ,n4 flank ( ,gu]ike is a numb] ( incomplete little r+s1 all op5 to ! ,n42 & ,e4 ( ^! comm5ces a l9e> gr\p ( l(ty isolat$ m\nta9 masses ext5d+ t[>ds ! ,w4 side ( ,p>ry1 & prolong$ = #cj miles or m t[>ds ! nor?4 ,!y are arrang$ 9 p>allel r[s1 & rem9d "o ( a ,druidical av5ue ( gigantic monoli?s view$ f above4 ,!y t]m9ate on ! ,s4 side ( a l>ge bright incomplete r+ 7) a l(ty ,w4 wall71 connect$ ) ! ,w4 side ( ,p>ry4 ,,p>ry4--,a m complete =mation ?an ,gu]ike4 ,x is ab\t #be miles 9 diamet]1 & is encompass$ by a bright bord]1 :i*1 at a po9t on ! ,e41 is ne>ly #ejjj feet 9 height4 ,x is int]sect$ on ! ,n4 by passes communicat+ ) ! int]ior ( ,fra ,mauro4 ,!re is a crat]1 ne>ly c5tral1 on ! dusky int]ior1 :i*1 "u a l[ sun1 :5 ! %ad[s ( ! s]rat$ cre/ ( ! ,w4 wall rea* ab\t half-way across ! floor1 appe>s to be ! c5tre ( ?ree or f\r conc5tric ridges1 :i* at ?is phase are traceable on ! ,e4 side ( x4 ,!re is a conspicu\s crat] on ! ,e4 wall1 bel[ :i* orig9ates a di/9ct cleft4 ,?is object skirts ! inn] foot ( ! ,e4 bord]1 & aft] trav]s+ ! ,n4 wall1 /rikes across ! wide expanse ( ,fra ,mauro1 & is ultimately lo/ 9 ! region ,n4 ( ?is =mation4 ,p>ry ,a1 ,s4 ( ,p>ry1 is a v deep brilliant crat] ) a c5tral hill & surr\nd$ by a gli/5+ halo4 ,a cleft1 orig9at+ at a m\nta9 arm connect$ ) ! ,e4 side ( ,gu]ike1 runs to ! ,s4 flank ( ?is object1 & is probably connect$ ) t :i* skirts ! floor ( ,p>ry on ! ,e4 ,,bonpl&4--,a ru9$ wall$-pla9 ) a l[ & mu* brok5 wall1 :i* on ! ,s4,w4 appe>s to be an att5uat$ prolongation ( t ( ,p>ry4 ,x is ( ! l9e> type1 ! =mation approximat+ 9 %ape to t ( a p5tagon4 ,! floor is cross$ f ,n4 to ,s4 by a f9e cleft :i* orig9ates at a crat] beyond ! ,s4 wall1 & is visible z a light /reak "u a high light4 ,s*midt %[s a %ort cleft on ! ,w4 ( ?is4 ,,fra ,,mauro4--,a l>ge enclosure ( irregul> %ape1 at lea/ #ej miles f side to side1 abutt+ on ,p>ry & ,bonpl&4 ,9 addition to ! cleft :i* crosses x1 ! floor is trav]s$ by a great numb] ( ridges1 & includes at lea/ sev5 crat]s4 ,,!bit4--,a f9e r+-pla91 #cb miles 9 diamet]1 on ! m\nta9\s ,w4 m>g9 ( ! ,m>e ,nubium1 ,n4,e4 ( ,purba*4 ,its irregul> ramp>t is prom95tly t]rac$1 & its cont9uity on ! ,n4,e4 int]rupt$ by a l>ge deep crat] 7,!bit ,a71 at lea/ #i miles 9 diamet]1 :i* has 9 its turn a small] crat]1 ( ab\t half ?is size1 on its m>g91 & a small c5tral m\nta9 )91 :i* 0 once consid]$ a good optical te/1 ?\gh x is n a difficult object 9 a #d in* a*romatic1 if x is look$ = at a fav\rable phase4 ,! bord] ( ,!bit rises at "o place on ! ,n4,w4 to a height ( ne>ly #aj1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* includes mu* detail4 ,! ,e4 wall ( ,!bit ,a atta9s ! same height above its floor1 :i* is depress$ m ?an #ejjj feet bel[ ! ,m>e4 ,,birt4--,?is r+-pla91 ab\t #ab miles 9 diamet]1 is situat$ on ! ,m>e ,nubium1 "s di/ance due ,e4 ( ,!bit4 ,x has a brilliant bord]1 surm\nt$ by peaks ris+ m ?an #bjjj feet above ! ,m>e1 & a v depress$ floor1 :i* does n appe> to conta9 any visible detail4 ,a bright crat] adjo9s x on ! ,s4,w41 ! wall ( :i* at ! po9t ( junction is cle>ly v l[1 s t "u oblique light ! two int]iors appe> to communicate by a n>r[ pass or neck fill$ ) %ad[4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 a break 9 ! ,n4,w4 wall ( ,birt1 :i* seems to indicate ! pres5ce ( a crat]4 ,!re is a notewor?y cleft on ! ,e41 :i* c be trac$ f ! foot ( ! ,e4 wall to ! hills on ! ,n4,e4 ,x is a f9e telescopic object1 &1 "u "s conditions1 ! wid] portion ( x resembles a railway cutt+ trav]s+ ris+ gr\nd1 se5 f above4 ,x is visible z a :ite l9e "u a high light4 ,,! ,,/raight ,,wall4--,sometimes call$ ! railroad1 is a rem>kable & almo/ unique =mation on ! ,w4 side ( ,birt1 ext5d+ = ab\t #fe miles f ,n4,e4 to ,s4,w4 9 a ne>ly /raight l9e1 t]m9at+ on ! s\? at a v peculi> m\nta9 gr\p1 ! %ape ( :i* has be5 comp>$ to a /ag's horn1 b :i* p]haps m closely resembles a sword-h&le1--! wall repres5t+ ! blade4 ,:5 exam9$ "u suitable conditions1 ! latt] is se5 to be slightly curv$1 ! ,s4 half b5d+ to ! we/1 & ! rema9d] ! opposite way4 ,! =mation is n a ridge1 b is cle>ly due to a sudd5 *ange 9 ! level ( ! surface1 & ?us has ! outw>d *>act]i/ics ( a fault ,along ! upp] edge ( ?is gigantic cliff 7:i*1 ?\gh measures diff]1 _c be any:]e mu* less ?an #ejj feet high7 ,i h se5 at diff]5t times _m small crat]lets & m\nds4 ,ne> its ,n4 end is a l>ge crat]1 & on ! ,w4 is a r[ ( hillocks1 runn+ at "r angles to ! cliff4 ,no obs]v] %\ld fail to exam9e ! wall "u a sett+ sun :5 ! ne>ly p]p5dicul> ,e4 face ( ! cliff is brilliantly illum9at$4 ,,nicollet4--,a conspicu\s little r+-pla9 on ! ,e4 ( ,birt1 & some:at small]4 ,betwe5 ! two is a /ill small] crat]1 f ne> :i* runs a l[ m\nta9 range1 ne>ly p>allel to ! /raight wall1 to ! region ,s4,e4 ( ! ,/ag's ,horn ,m\nta9s4 ,"h w be f\nd ?ree small light-surr\nd$ crat]s arrang$ 9 a triangle1 ) a some:at l>g] crat] 9 ! middle4 ,,purba*4--,an imm5se enclosure ( irregul> %ape1 approximat+ to t ( a rhomboid ) slightly curv$ sides4 ,x is fully #fj miles across1 & ! walls 9 places exce$ #hjjj feet 9 altitude1 & include _m depressions1 l>ge & small4 ,on ! ,e4 inn] slope are "s f9e t]races & sev]al crat]s4 ,! cont9uity ( ! circumvallation is brok5 on ! ,n4 by a great r+-pla91 on ! floor ( :i* ,i h se5 a prom95t cleft & a crat] ne> ! ,s4 side4 ,!re is a l>ge bright crat] 9 ! int]ior ( ,purba*1 ,s4 ( ! c5tre1 two o!rs on ! ,w4 half ( ! floor1 & a few ridges4 ,,regiomontanus4--,a /ill m irregul> wall$-pla91 ( ab\t ! same area1 closely associat$ ) ! ,s4 flank ( ,purba*1 hav+ a ramp>t ( a simil> complex type1 trav]s$ by passes1 longitud9al valleys1 & o!r depressions4 ,s*midt alone %[s ! especially f9e example ( a crat]-r[1 :i* is n a difficult object1 9 connection ) ! ,s4,e4 wall4 ,except+ "o crat]1 ne>ly c5tral1 & "s inconspicu\s ridges1 ,i h se5 no detail on ! floor4 ,s*midt1 h[ev]1 records _m features4 ,,walt]4--,a great rhomboidal wall$-pla91 #ajj miles 9 diamet]1 ) a consid]ably depress$ floor1 enclos$ by a ramp>t ( a v complex k9d1 cr[n$ by num]\s peaks1 "o ( :i*1 on ! ,w41 rises #aj1jjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,if ! =mation is obs]v$ :5 x is close to ! morn+ t]m9ator1 say1 :5 ! latt] lies f l deg4 to #b deg4 ,e4 ( ! c5tre ( ! floor1 x is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ & beautiful objects :i* ! lun> obs]v] c scrut9ize4 ,! inn] slope ( ! bord] :i* abuts on ,regiomontanus1 exam9$ at ?is phase "u a high p[]1 is se5 to be pitt$ ) an inconceivable numb] ( m9ute crat]s2 & ! summit ridge1 & ! region t[>ds ,w]n]1 scallop$ 9 a v extraord9>y way1 ! engrail+ 7to use an h]aldic t]m7 be+ due to ! pres5ce ( a r[ ( big depressions4 ,! floor at ?is phase is suffici5tly illum9at$ to disclose "s ( its mo/ notewor?y features4 ,tak+ its area to be ab\t #hjjj squ>e miles1 at lea/ #abjj squ>e miles ( x is occupi$ by ! c5tral m\nta9 gr\p & its adjuncts1 ! highe/ peak ris+ to a height ( ne>ly #ejjj feet 7or ne>ly #fjj feet high] ?an ,b5 ,nevis71 above ! int]ior1 & ?r[+ a f9e spire ( %ad[ !reon4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is c5tral boss are two deep crat]s1 "o be+ ab\t #aj miles 9 diamet]1 & a numb] ( %all[] depressions4 ,9 association ) ! l(tie/ peak1 ,i not$ at #h h41 ,m>* #i1 #ahhi1 two brilliant little crat]s1 :i* presumably are n f> f ! summit4 ,ne> ! ,e4 corn] ( ! floor !re is ano!r l>ge deep crat]1 &1 rang+ 9 a l9e f ! c5tre to ! ,s4,e4 wall1 ?ree small] crat]s4 ,,lexell4--,on ! ,e4 ( ,walt] ext5ds an imm5se pla9 ( irregul> outl9e1 :i* is at lea/ equal to x 9 area4 ,?\gh no l>ge =mation is f\nd !reon2 _m ridges1 %ort crat]-r[s1 & ord9>y crat]s figure on its rugg$ sup]ficies2 & on its bord]s /& "s v notewor?y objects1 among !m1 on ! ,s41 ! wall$-pla9 ,lexell1 ab\t #cb miles 9 diamet]1 :i* pres5ts _m po9ts ( int]e/4 ,its irregul> wall1 ris+1 at "o po9t on ! ,s4,w41 to a height ( ne>ly #hjjj feet1 is on ! ,n4,w4 almo/ completely want+1 only v fa9t indications ( its site be+ traceable1 ev5 "u a l[ morn+ sun4 ,on ! opposite side x is boldly t]rac$1 & has a l>ge crat] on its summit4 ,! int]ior1 ! tone ( :i* is conspicu\sly d>k] ?an t ( ! region outside1 conta9s a small c5tral hill1 ) two crat]s connect$ ) x4 ,! l[ ,n4,w4 m>g9 is trav]s$ by a delicate valley1 :i*1 orig9at+ on ! ,n4 side ( ! great pla91 crosses ! ,w4 qu>t] ( ,lexell & t]m9ates app>5tly on ! ,s4,w4 side ( ! floor4 ,,hell4--,a prom95t r+-pla91 ab\t #ah miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,e4 side ( ! great pla94 ,!re is a c5tral m\nta9 & _m ridges )94 ,,ball4--,a some:at small] r+-pla9 on ! ,s4,e4 edge ( ! great pla91 ) a l(ty t]rac$ bord] & a c5tral m\nta9 m ?an #bjjj feet high4 ,!re are two l>ge irregul> depressions on ! ,w4 ( ! =mation1 a crat] on ! ,s41 & a small] "o on ! ,n4 wall4 ,,pitatus4--,?is rem>kable object1 #eh miles 9 diamet]1 ) ,hesiodus1 its companion on ! ,e41 situat$ at ! extreme ,s4 end ( ! ,m>e ,nubium1 af=d good examples ( a class ( =mations :i* exhibit und\bt$ signs ( p>tial de/ruction1 f "s unkn[n cause1 on t side ( !m :i* faces ! ,m>e4 ,on e side b ! ,n41 ,pitatus is a wall$ pla9 ( an especially massive type1 ! bord] on ! ,s4,e4 furni%+ "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( t]races to be f\nd on ! visible surface4 ,on ! ,s4,w41 two p>allel r[s ( l>ge crat]i=m depressions1 p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable ( _! k9d1 ext5d = #fj miles or m to ! ,w4 flank ( ,gauricus4 ,on ! ,n4,w41 ! ramp>t includes _m curi\s irregul> depressions & crat]s1 & gradually dim9i%es 9 height1 till1 = a space ( ab\t #ab miles on ! ,n41 !re c h>dly be said to be any bord] at all1 its site be+ m>k$ by "s inconsid]able m\nds & %all[ holl[s4 ,!re is a small bright c5tral m\nta9 on ! floor1 &1 ,s4 ( x1 two l>g] b l[] elevations4 ,a di/9ct /raight cleft trav]ses ! ,n4,w4 side ( ! int]ior v ne> ! wall1 to :i* x =ms an app>5t *ord1 & a second cleft occupies a simil> position ) respect to ! bright ,n4,e4 bord]4 ,a n>r[ pass =ms a communication ) ! int]ior ( ,hesiodus4 ,,hesiodus4--,?is wall$-pla91 little m ?an half ! diamet] ( ! la/1 has an irregul> outl9e1 & = ! mo/ "p l9e> walls1 :i* on ! ,s4 are massive & l(ty 7#djjj feet71 b on ! ,n4 v l[1 & brok5 by gaps4 ,!re is a f9e deep crat] on ! ,s4 bord]1 & a small b di/9ct crat] on ! floor1 ne>ly c5tral1 ! only object !reon :i* ,i h se51 ?\gh ,s*midt draws a small] "o on ! ,w4 ( x4 ,a m\nta9 abutt+ on ! ,n4,e4 side ( ,hesiodus is ! ,w4 orig9 ( "o ( ! longe/ clefts on ! moon4 ,runn+ 9 an ,e4,s4,e4 direction1 x trav]ses ! ,m>e to a crat] ne> ! ,w4 face ( ! ,ci*us m\nta9 arm1 reappe>s on ! ,e4 side ( ?is object1 & is f9ally lo/ amid ! hills on ! ,n4 ( ,capuanus4 ,! ,w4 section ( ?is cleft is co>s] & mu* m di/9ct ?an t ly+ ,e4 ( ! m\nta9 arm4 ,,gauricus4--,a l>ge wall$-pla9 ,s4 ( ,pitatus1 ab\t #dj miles 9 diamet]4 ,! bord] is v irregul>1 &1 accord+ to ,neison1 consi/s on ! ,e4 ( a precipit\s cliff m ?an #ijjj feet high4 ,x is surr\nd$ by a numb] ( l>ge r+s on ! ,s41 & has sev]al consid]able small depressions on its ,n4 bord]4 ,!re is app>5tly no prom95t detail on ! floor4 ,s*midt %[s "s ridges & crat]lets4 ,,wurzelbau]4--,ano!r irregul> wall$-pla91 ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,e4 ( ,pitatus1 ) a v complex bord]1 9 connection ) :i*1 on ! ,s4,w41 is a gr\p ( f9e depressions1 & on ! ,s4,e4 a l>ge crat]4 ,!re is mu* detail on ! v unev5 floor4 ,,mill]4--,"o ( a gr\p ( ?ree mod]ately l>ge r+-pla9s1 ( :i* ,nasir$d9 is a memb]1 ne> ! c5tral m]idian 9 ,s4 latitude #ci deg4 ,its massive bord] rises ne>ly #aa1jjj feet above ! floor1 on :i* /&s a c5tral peak4 ,mill] is ab\t #cf miles 9 diamet]4 ,,nasir$d94--,a some:at small] r+-pla9 on ! ,s4 ( ! la/1 & ( a v simil> type4 ,x conta9s a c5tral peak & sev]al m9or elevations4 ,betwe5 its ,n4,w4 bord] & ! ,s4,w4 flank ( ,mill] is a small] r+-pla9 ( ab\t half ! size ( ,nasir$d91 & on ! ,s4,e4 a l>ge enclosure nam$ ,,hugg9s4 ,,orontius4--,hugg9s has encroa*$ on ! ,w4 side ( ?is irregul> r+- pla9 & ov]laps x4 ,x is ( consid]able size4 ,! floor includes mu* detail & a prom95t crat]4 ,,sass]ides4--,a =mation ( irregul> %ape1 ) v l(ty walls1 situat$ amid ! confusion ( r+-pla9s1 crat]s1 crat]-pits1 c41 9 ! region ,n4 ( ,ty*o1 "s ( :i* are fully z des]v+ ( a di/9ct "n4 ,,he9sius4--,a v curi\s =mation on ! ,n4,e4 ( ,ty*o3 a f9e telescopic object "u oblique illum9ation4 ,x has an irregul> b cont9u\s bord]1 except on ! ,s41 :]e two l>ge r+-pla9s h encroa*$ ^u x1 & a ?ird1 ,n4 ( a l9e jo9+ _! c5tres1 occupies no inconsid]able portion ( ! floor4 ,he9sius is ne>ly #ej miles across1 & ! bord] on ! ,w41 is ne>ly #ijjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* includes1 at lea/1 ?ree small crat]s4 ,! walls ( ! intrusive r+-pla9s h crat]s on _! summits2 ! m we/]ly has two on ! ,w41 & its companion1 "o on ! ,s4,w4 ,! r+-pla9 on ! floor has a crat] on its ,e4 wall4 ,s*midt %[s a small crat] betwe5 ! r+-pla9s on ! ,s4 bord]4 ,,saussure4--,a r+-pla9 ,w4 ( ,ty*o1 #bh miles 9 diamet]1 ) bright l(ty t]rac$ walls & a some:at d>k int]ior1 on :i* !re is a crat]1 ,w4 ( ! c5tre1 & "s crat]-pits4 ,!re are sev]al l>ge depressions on ! ,s4,w4 wall4 ,x is surr\nd$ by =mations :i*1 ?\gh ne>ly z prom95t z itself1 h n1 ) ! exception ( ,pictet on ! ,e41 & "o on ! ,n4,w41 call$ ,hugg9s by ,s*midt1 receiv$ di/9ctive names4 ,! region ,w4 ( ,saussure ab\nds 9 crat]lets1 "s ( :i* are ( ! m9ute/ type4 ,"o ( ! ,ty*o /reaks is manife/ly deflect$ f its c\rse by ?is =mation1 & ano!r is fa9tly traceable on ! floor4 ,,pictet4--,a wall$-pla9 ( irregul> %ape1 ab\t #cj miles across1 betwe5 ,saussure & ,ty*o1 ) a bord] brok5 on ! ,s4 by a l>ge conspicu\s r+-pla91 :i* is at lea/ #aj miles 9 diamet]1 &1 accord+ to ,s*midt1 has a c5tral m\nta94 ,s*midt draws ! ,s4,e4 bord] ( ,pictet z brok5 by ridges ext5d+ on to ! floor4 ,he also %[s sev]al crat]s & m9or elevations !reon4 ,,ty*o4--,z ! c5tre f :i* ! pr9cipal bright ray-sy/em ( ! moon radiates1 & ! mo/ conspicu\s object 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 ?is noble r+-pla9 may ju/ly claim ! pre-em95t title ( ! ,metropolitan crat]4 ,x is m ?an #ed miles 9 diamet]1 & its massive bord]1 ev]y:]e trav]s$ by t]races & v>iegat$ by depressions )9 & )\t1 is surm\nt$ by peaks ris+ bo? on ! ,e4 & ,w4 to a height ( ab\t #ag1jjj feet above ! bright int]ior1 on :i* /&s a magnific5t c5tral m\nta9 at lea/ #ejjj feet 9 altitude4 ,7 x n some:at =e%ort5$1 ,ty*o w\ld be se5 to deviate consid]ably f :at is deem$ to be ! normal %ape4 ,on ! ,s4 & ,w4 especially1 ! wall approximates to ! l9e> type1 no signs ( curvature be+ app>5t :]e ^! sections meet4 ,! cre/ on ! ,s4 & ,s4,e4 exhibits _m breaks & irregul>ities2 & x is ?r\gh a n>r[ gap on ! ,s4 t a rill-l valley1 orig9at+ at a small depression ne> ! foot ( ! ,s4,w4 glacis1 passes1 &1 desc5d+ ! inn] slope ( ! ,s4,e4 wall obliquely1 t]m9ates ne> its foot4 ,!re is a di/9ct crat] on ! summit ridge on ! ,s4,e41 & ano!r bel[ ! cre/ on ! out] ,s4,w4 slope4 ,on ! ,s4 inn] slope ,i h (t5 rem>k$ a numb] ( bright oval objects1 :i*1 = ! lack ( a bett] ^w1 may be t]m$ m\nds ?\gh !y repres5t masses ( mat]ial _m miles 9 l5g? & bread?4 ,! out] slope ( ,ty*o1 exhibit+ "u a high light a grey nimbus encircl+ ! wall1 includes--crat]s1 crat]-pits1 %all[ valleys1 spurs & buttresses--9 %ort1 almo/ e v>iety ( lun> feature is repres5t$4 ,except+ ! c5tral m\nta9 & a crat] on ! ,w4 ( x1 ,i h n se5 any object on ! floor1 :i*1 = "s unexpla9$ reason1 is nev] v di/9ct4 ,s*midt %[s sev]al l[ ridges on ! ,n4,e4 side4 ,9 a pap] rec5tly publi%$ 9 ! ,a/ronomis*e ,na*ri*t51 ,pr(essor ,w4,h4 ,pick]+1 describ+ 8 obs]vations ( ! ,ty*o /reaks made at ,arequipa1 ,p]u1 ) a #ac in* a*romatic1 ass]ts t !y d n radiate f ! c5tre ( ,ty*o1 b f a multitude ( m9ute crat]s on its ,s4,e4 or ,n4 rim4 7,see ,introduction47 ,,mag9us4--,an imm5se p>tially ru9$ enclosure1 at lea/ #ajj miles f side to side1 on ! ,s4,w4 ( ,ty*o1 f :i* x is sep>at$ by a region cov]$ ) a confus$ mass ( r+-pla9s & crat]s4 ,on almo/ e "p ( its brok5 bord] /& l>ge r+-pla9s1 _m ( :i*1 if !y 7 isolat$1 or situat$ 9 a less di/urb$ region1 w\ld rank z objects ( importance2 b among su* a multitude ( features !y pass unnotic$4 ,! l>ge/ ( !m occupies no inconsid]able "p ( ! ,s4,e4 wall1 & is q #cj miles 9 diamet]1 its own bord] be+ also mu* brok5 by depressions1 z1 inde$1 are ^? ( almo/ all ! six or m l>ge r+-pla9s :i* def9e ! ,n4 limits ( ,mag9us4 ,! l(tie/ portion ( :at rema9s ( a true bord] rises at "o place to m ?an #ad1jjj feet4 ,on ! floor1 :i* is trav]s$ by "s ( ! ,ty*o rays1 !re is a m\nta9 gr\p associat$ ) a crat]1 ne>ly c5tral1 & sev]al l>ge r+s on ! ,n4 side4 ,?\gh ! =mation is v difficult to detect "u a high sun1 ,madl]'s dictum t ! full moon kn[s no ,mag9us is n /rictly true4 ,,/reet4--,a wall$-pla9 betwe5 ,ty*o & ,mag9us1 ab\t #bh miles 9 diamet]1 ) a bord] ( mod]ate height1 brok5 by depressions on ! ,n4 ,!re are "s small crat]s & ridges )92 b ! surr\nd+ region1 ) its almo/ endless v>iety ( abnormally %ap$ =mations1 is f> m wor?y ( ! obs]v]'s att5tion4 ,,deluc4--,! l>ge/ & mo/ prom95t memb] ( a curi\s gr\p ( r+- pla9s on ! ,s4,w4 ( ,mag9us4 ,x is ab\t #bh miles 9 diamet]1 & is encircl$ by a wall "s #gjjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* includes a crat]4 ,a l>ge r+ ) a c5tral m\nta9 encroa*es on ! ,n4 wall1 & a small] object ( ! same class on ! ,s4 wall4 ,,clavius4--,!re are few lun> obs]v]s :o h n devot$ m or less att5tion to ?is beautiful =mation1 "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ( telescopic objects4 ,h[ev] famili> we may consid] ourselves to be ) its features1 !re is always some?+ fre% to note & to admire z (t5 z we exam9e its app>5tly inexhau/ible details4 ,x is #adb miles f side to side1 & includes an area ( at lea/ #af1jjj squ>e miles )9 its irregul> circumvallation1 :i* is only comp>atively slightly elevat$ above ! bright plateau on ! ,w41 ?\gh x /&s at lea/ #ab1jjj feet above ! depress$ floor4 ,at a po9t on ! ,s4,w4 a peak rises ne>ly #ag1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 :ile on ! ,e4 ! cliffs are almo/ z l(ty4 ,!re are two rem>kable r+-pla9s1 ea* ab\t #be miles 9 diamet]1 associat$1 "o ) ! ,n41 & ! o!r ) ! ,s4 wall1 ! floors ( bo? ab\nd+ 9 detail4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 is ! mo/ notewor?y on acc\nt ( ! curi\s corrugations visible soon aft] sunrise on ! out] ,n4 slope ( its wall1 resembl+ ! ribb$ flanks ( "s ( ! ,java volcanoes4 ,!re are five l>ge crat]s on ! floor ( ,clavius1 foll[+ a curve convex to ! ,n41 & dim9i%+ 9 size f ,w4 to ,e4 ,! mo/ we/]ly /&s ne>ly midway betwe5 ! two l>ge r+-pla9s on ! walls1 ! second 7ab\t two- ?irds its area7 is associat$ ) a complex gr\p ( hills & small] crat]s4 ,bo? ^! objects h c5tral m\nta9s4 ,9 addition to ?is prom95t *a91 !re are innum]able crat]s ( a small] type on ! floor1 b !y are m pl5tiful on ! ,s4 half ?an else:]e4 ,on ! ,s4,e4 wall are ?ree v l>ge depressions4 ,on ! broad massive ,n4,e4 bord]1 ! bright summit ridge & ! _m transv]se valleys runn+ d[n f x to ! floor1 are especially int]e/+ features4 ,!re are v cle> indications ( fault+ on a va/ scale :]e ?is broad section ( ! wall abuts on ! ,n4 side ( ! =mation4 ,,cysatus4--,a regul> wall$-pla91 app>5tly ab\t #bh miles 9 diamet]1 =m+ ! mo/ nor!rly memb] ( a *a9 ( =mations1 ( :i* ,newton1 ,%ort1 & ,moretus1 ext5d+ t[>ds ! ,s4 limb1 =m a "p4 ,its bord] rises ne>ly #ac1jjj feet above a floor devoid ( prom95t detail4 ,,gruemb]g]4--,a mu* l>g] & m irregul> r+-pla91 ne>ly #dj miles f wall to wall1 on ! ,e4 side ( ,cysatus4 ,its ,w4 bord] rises ne>ly #ad1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* includes an abnormally deep crat]1 ! bottom ( :i* is #bj1jjj feet bel[ ! cre/ ( ! ,w4 wall1 & sev]al small depressions & ridges4 ,! inn] ,e4 slope is f9ely t]rac$4 ,,moretus4--,a magnific5t object1 #gh miles 9 diamet]1 b =e%ort5$ into a flat ellipse4 ,its beautifully t]rac$ walls & magnific5t c5tral m\nta91 ne>ly #gjjj feet high1 are v conspicu\s "u suitable conditions4 ,! ramp>t on ! ,e4 is m ?an #ae1jjj feet above ! floor1 :ile on ! opposite side x is ab\t #ejjj feet l[]4 ,,%ort4--,a f9e b =e%ort5$ r+-pla9 ( oblong %ape1 squeez$ 9 betwe5 ,moretus & ,newton4 ,x is ab\t #cj miles 9 diamet]1 & on ! ,s4,e41 :]e its bord] & t ( ,newton are 9 common1 x rises ne>ly #ag1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* includes1 accord+ to ,neison1 a small c5tral hill4 ,s*midt %[s a crat] on ! ,n4 side ( ! floor4 ,,newton4--,is situat$ on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ,%ort1 & is ! deepe/ wall$-pla9 on ! visible surface4 ,x is ( irregul> =m & ab\t #adc miles 9 extreme l5g?4 ,"o gigantic peak on ! ,e4 rises to ne>ly #bd1jjj feet above ! floor1 ! great] "p ( :i* is always imm]s$ 9 %ad[1 s t nei!r ! e>? or sun c at any "t be se5 f x4 ,,malap]t4--,a r+-pla9 situat$ f> too ne> ! limb = useful obs]vation4 ,betwe5 x & ,newton is a numb] ( abnormally %ap$ enclosures4 ,,cabeus4--,ano!r object out ( ! range ( satisfactory scrut9y4 ,madl] consid]$ t x is z deep z ,newton4 ,accord+ to ,neison1 a c5tral peak & two crat]s c be se5 )9 "u fav\rable conditions4 ,s*midt draws a long r[ ( great depressions on ! ,n4 side ( x4 ,,ea/ ,,longitude #bj deg4 ,,to #dj deg4 ,,l&sb]g4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #bh miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ 9 ,m>e ,nubium1 ,s4,e4 ( ,re9hold1 :i* 9 _m respects x resembles4 ,its regul> massive bord] is ev]y:]e cont9u\s4 ,only a solit>y crat] breaks ! uni=mity ( its cre/1 t rises on ! ,w4 to ne>ly #aj1jjj feet1 & on ! ,e4 to ab\t #gjjj feet above ! floor1 :i* is depress$ ab\t #gjjj feet bel[ ! surr\nd+ surface4 ,! inn] slopes exhibit "s f9e t]races1 & on ! broad ,w4 glacis is a curi\s w9d+ valley1 :i* runs up ! slope f ! ,s4,w4 side to ! crat] j m5tion$1 !n1 b5d+ d[nw>ds1 jo9s ! pla9 at ! foot ( ! ,n4 wall4 ,nei!r ?is nor ! crat] is %[n 9 ! maps4 ,! l>ge comp\nd c5tral peak is app>5tly ! sole object 9 ! int]ior4 ,at #h h4 #be m4 on ,janu>y #bc1 #ahhh1 :5 obs]v+ ! progress ( sunrise on ?is =mation ) a #h #a_/b in* ,calv]-reflector *>g$ ) diff]5t eyepieces1 ,i notic$1 :5 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( ! floor 0 9 %ad[1 t ! illum9at$ portion ( x 0 ( a d>k *ocolate hue1 /rongly contra/+ ) ! grey tone ( ! surr\nd+ di/rict4 ,?is appe>ance la/$ till ! int]ior 0 m ?an half illum9at$1 gradually becom+ less pron\nc$ z ! sun rose high] on ! r+4 ,e4 & ,s4,e4 ( ,l&sb]g is a numb] ( r+-pla9s & crat]s well wor?y ( c>eful exam9ation4 ,five ( ! l>ge/ are surr\nd$ by a gli/5+ halo1 & "o 7t ne>e/ to ! =mation7 & ano!r 7! l>ge/ ( ! gr\p7 h ea* a m9ute crat] on _! ,n4 wall4 ,,euclides4--,"o ( ! mo/ brilliant objects on ! moon2 a crat] #g miles 9 diamet]1 /&+ on a l>ge bright area 9 ! ,m>e ,procell>um1 ,e4 ( ! ,riphaean ,m\nta9s4 ,its ,e4 rim rises ne>ly #bjjj feet above ! bright depress$ floor2 on ! ,w4 !re is a bright little unrecord$ crat]4 ,,wi*mann4--,?is bright crat]1 ab\t #e miles 9 diamet]1 /&s on a light area 9 ,oceanus ,procell>um1 ,n4,n4,w4 ( ,letronne & ne>ly due ,e4 ( ,euclides4 ,"s di/ance on ! ,n4,e4 are ! relics ( :at appe>s once to h be5 a l>ge enclosure1 repres5t$ n[ by a few isolat$ m\nta9s4 ,,h]igonius4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #g miles 9 diamet]1 9 ! ,m>e ,procell>um1 ,n4,w4 ( ,gass5di4 ,!re is a small crat] a few miles ,s4,e4 ( x1 among ! bright little m\nta9s :i* flank ?is =mation4 ,h]igonius has a small c5tral m\nta91 :i* is a good te/ = mod]ate ap]tures4 ,,gass5di4--,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful telescopic objects on ! moon's visible surface1 & /ructurally "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & sugge/ive4 ,x is a wall$-pla91 #ee miles 9 diamet]1 ( a di/9ctly polygonal type1 ! ,n4,w4 & ,s4,w4 sections be+ practically /raight1 :ile ! int]m$iate ,w4 section exhibits a slightly convex curvature1 or bulg+ 9 t[>ds ! int]ior4 ,!re is also mu* angul>ity ab\t ! ,e4 side1 :i* is evid5t at an e>ly /age ( sunrise4 ,! wall on ! ,n4 is brok5 ?r\gh & almo/ completely wreck$ by ! great r+- pla9 ,gass5di ,a4 ,! bright ea/]n section ( ! bord] is 9 places v l(ty1 ris+ at "o peak1 ,n4 ( ! well-kn[n triangul> depression ^u x1 to #ijjj feet1 & at o!r peaks on ! same side /ill high]4 ,x is v l[ on ! ,s41 be+ only ab\t #ejj feet above ! surface4 ,! floor1 h[ev]1 on ! ,n4 /&s #bjjj feet above ! ,m>e ,humorum4 ,on ! ,w4 !re is a peak t[]+ #djjj feet above ! wall1 :i* is "h ab\t #ejjj feet above ! floor1 & #hjjj feet above ! ,m>e ,nubium4 ,a v notable feature 9 connection ) ?is =mation is ! little bright pla9 b\nd+ x on ! ,n4,w41 & sep>at$ f x by m]ely a n>r[ /rip ( wall4 ,?is enclosure is flank$ on ! ,n4,e4 by ,gass5di ,a1 & on ! ,s4,w4 & ,n4,w4 by a co>se w9d+ ridge1 runn+ f ! ,w4 wall & t]m9at+ at a l>ge irregul> dusky depression4 ,gaudib]t has detect$ a crat] ne> ! ,s4,e4 edge ( ?is bright pla91 :i* includes also "s oval m\nds4 ,! int]ior ( ,gass5di is )\t "q unrivall$ = ! v>iety ( its details1 &1 aft] ,plato1 has p]haps receiv$ m att5tion f obs]v]s ?an any o!r object4 ,! bright c5tral m\nta91 or r m\nta9s1 = x consi/s ( a numb] ( gr\p$ masses cr[n$ by peaks1 ( :i* ! l(tie/ is ab\t #djjj feet1 is "o ( ! f9e/ on ! moon4 ,x 0 c>efully /udi$ ) a #f #a_/d in* ,cooke-a*romatic by ! late ,pr(essor ,phillips1 ! geologi/1 :o comp>$ x to ! dolomitic or tra*ytic m\nta9s ( ! e>?4 ,! buttresses & spurs :i* x ?r[s out give its base a digitat$ outl9e1 easily se5 "u suitable illum9ation4 ,!re are betwe5 #cj & #dj clefts 9 ! int]ior1 ! majority be+ conf9$ to ! ,s4,w4 qu>t] ( ! floor4 ,^? mo/ easily se5 p]ta9 to ! gr\p :i* radiates f ! c5tral m\nta9 t[>ds ! ,s4,w4 wall4 ,!y are all m or less difficult objects1 requir+ exceptionally fav\rable wea!r & high p[]s4 ,a f9e m\nta9 range1 ! ,p]cy ,m\nta9s1 is connect$ ) ! ,e4 flank ( ,gass5di1 ext5d+ 9 a ,s4,e4 direction t[>ds ,m]s5ius1 & def9+ ! ,n4,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,humorum4 ,,bullialdus4--,a noble object1 #ch miles 9 diamet]1 =m+ ) its surr\nd+s by f> ! mo/ notable =mation on ! surface ( ! ,m>e ,nubium1 & "o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic r+-pla9s on ! moon4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ ab\t ! "t :5 ! morn+ t]m9ator lies on ! ,w4 bord] ( ! ,m>e ,humorum1 z at ?is phase ! be/ view is obta9$ ( ! two deep p>allel t]race valleys :i* run r\nd ! bright inn] slope ( ! ,e4 wall1 ( ! crat]-r[ aga9/ :i* !y abut on ! ,s4,e41 & ( ! massive ,w4 glacis1 ) its spurs & depressions4 ,! ,s4 bord] ( ,bullialdus has be5 manife/ly modifi$ by ! pres5ce ( ! great r+-pla9 ,a1 a deep irregul> =mation ) l9e> walls1 :i* is connect$ ) x by a %all[ valley4 ,! ramp>t ( ,bullialdus rises ab\t #hjjj feet above a concave floor1 :i* s9ks "s #djjj feet bel[ ! ,m>e on ! ,e4 ,) ! exception ( ! f9e comp\nd c5tral m\nta91 #cjjj feet high1 !re are few details 9 ! int]ior4 ,on ! ,s41 is ! f9e r+-pla9 ,b1 connect$ ) ! ,s4,e4 wall ne> ! crat]-r[ by a well-m>k$ valley1 & ne>ly due ,e4 ( ,b is ano!r1 a squ>e-%ap$ enclosure1 ,c1 ) a v l(ty little m\nta9 on ! ,e4 side ( x1 & a crat] on its ,s4 wall4 ,9 addition to ^! features1 !re are _m ridges & surface inequalities1 v prom95t "u oblique illum9ation4 ,,lub9iezky4--,a regul> enclosure1 ab\t #bc miles 9 diamet]1 ,n4,e4 ( ,bullialdus1 ) a l[ att5uat$ bord]1 :i* is n[h]e m ?an #ajjj feet 9 height4 ,x is tol]ably cont9u\s1 except on ! ,s41 :]e !re are two or ?ree breaks4 ,its level d>k int]ior pres5ts no details to v>y its monotony4 ,close "u ! ,n4,w4 wall is a small crat] connect$ ) x by a ridge1 & ,e4 ( ?is a v rugg$ area1 trav]s$ 9 e direction by n>r[ %all[ valleys1 :i* are well wor? look+ at :5 close to ! morn+ t]m9ator4 ,a bright spur projects f ! ,n4 wall ( ,lub9iezky4 ,,kies4--,a some:at simil> =mation1 ,s4 ( ,bullialdus1 ab\t #be miles 9 diamet]1 also encircl$ by a bord] ( insignificant dim5sions1 atta9+ an altitude ( #bdjj feet at only "o po9t on ! ,s4,e41 :ile else:]e x is sc>cely high] ?an t ( ,lub9iezky4 ,x is cle>ly polygonal1 approximat+ to ! hexagonal type4 ,on ! m di/9ct ,s4 section a bright spur projects f x4 ,on ! ,n4 its cont9uity is brok5 by a di/9ct little crat]4 ,x is trav]s$ by a rem>kable :ite /reak1 ext5d+ 9 a ,s4,w4 direction f ,bullialdus ,c 7:]e x is v wide71 across ! int]ior1 to ! m we/]ly ( two crat]s ,s4,w4 ( ,m]cator4 ,ano!r /reak bran*es out f x ne> ! c5tre ( ! floor1 & runs to ! ,w4 wall4 ,! pr9cipal /reak1 s f> z ! portion )9 ,kies is conc]n$1 repres5ts a cleft4 ,on ! ,m>e ,e4 ( ,kies is a curi\s circul> m\nd1 & f>!r t[>ds ,campanus two prom95t little m\nta9s4 ,on ! ,n4,w4 is a l>ge obscure r+ & a wide %all[ valley bord]$ by ridges4 ,,aga?>*ides4--,a v irregul> complex r+-pla91 ab\t #bh miles 9 diamet]1 =m+ "p ( ! ,n4,w4 side ( ! ,m>e ,humorum4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ "u _m phases be=e "o c cle>ly compreh5d its di/9ctive features4 ,! wall is v defici5t on ! ,n41 b is repres5t$ 9 places by bright m\nta9 masses4 ,! =mation is flank$ on ! ,e4 by a d\ble ramp>t1 :i* is at "o place m ?an #ejjj feet 9 height1 ) a deep int]v5+ valley4 ,! ,s4 wall is trav]s$ by a numb] ( p>allel valleys1 all tr5d+ t[>ds ,hippalus4 ,^! are includ$ 9 a mu* wid] & long] *asm1 :i*1 gradually dim9i%+ 9 bread?1 ext5ds up to ! ,n4 wall ( ! latt]4 ,,hippalus4--,a p>tially ru9$ wall$-pla91 ab\t #ch miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,w4 side ( ! ,m>e ,humorum1 ,s4 ( ,aga?>*ides4 ,at lea/ "o- ?ird ( ! bord] is want+ on ! ,s4,e41 b "u a l[ sun its site c be di/+ui%$ by a fa9t m>k+ & ! obvi\s diff]5ce 9 tone betwe5 ! d>k int]ior & ! light]-col\r$ pla94 ,! re/ ( ! wall is bright & cont9u\s1 except at a place on ! ,w41 :]e :at appe>s to be ! segm5t ( a l>ge r+ has encroa*$ ^u x4 ,!re are two crat]s 9 ! int]ior ( ,hippalus1 & a r[ ( p>allel ridges1 runn+ obliquely f ! ,s4,w4 wall up to a cleft :i* trav]ses ! floor f ,n4 to ,s4 ,w4 ( ,hippalus /&s a bright crat]1 ,hippalus ,a1 ) an incomplete little r+-pla9 adjo9+ x on ! ,n4,w42 & ,n4,e4 ( x a mu* l>g] obscure r+ conta9+ two little hills4 ,! ,hippalus rill-sy/em is a v int]e/+ "o1 & ! great] "p ( x c1 moreov]1 be easily trac$ 9 a good #d in* a*romatic4 ,x orig9ates 9 ! rugg$ region ,e4 ( ,campanus1 f :i* five ne>ly p>allel curv$ clefts ext5d up to ! rocky b>ri]1 connect+ ! ,n4 side ( ?is =mation ) ! ,s4,w4 side ( ,hippalus4 ,! mo/ we/]ly ( ^! furr[s is int]rupt$ by a crat] on ?is wall1 b reappe>s on ! ,n4 side ( x1 &1 aft] mak+ a det\r t[>ds ! ,w4 to avoid a little m\nta9 9 its pa?1 runs p>tially r\nd ! ,e4 flank ( ,hippalus ,a1 & !n1 cont9u+ its nor!rly c\rse1 t]m9ates amid ! m\nta9s ,w4 ( ,aga?>*ides4 7,a %ort p>allel cleft runs ,e4 ( ?is f ! little m\nta9 to ! ,e4 side ( ,a47 ,! mo/ ea/]ly memb] ( ! sy/em1 orig9at+ ,n4 ( ,ramsd51 ent]s ,hippalus at ! ,s4 side ( ! great gap 9 ! bord]1 &1 aft] trav]s+ ! floor at ! ,w4 foot ( a ridge !reon1 also ext5ds t[>ds ! m\nta9s ,w4 ( ,aga?>*ides4 ,betwe5 ^! clefts are ?ree int]m$iate furr[s1 "o ( :i* runs ,n4 f ! ,n4 side ( ! encroa*+ r+ already ref]r$ to1 on ! ,w4 wall ( ,hippalus4 ,,campanus4--,a r+-pla91 #cj miles 9 diamet]1 on ! rocky b>ri]1 ext5d+ 9 ne>ly a /raight l9e f ,hippalus to ,ci*us4 ,its t]rac$ walls1 :i* rise on ! ,e4 m ?an #fjjj feet above ! floor1 are brok5 on ! ,s4 by a n>r[ valley1 & on ! ,e4 by a small crat]4 ,a small c5tral m\nta9 is app>5tly ! only object on a v d>k int]ior4 ,,m]cator4--,a m irregul> r+-pla9 ( ab\t ! same area1 adjo9+ ,campanus on ! ,s4,w4 ,its ramp>t is some:at l[]1 & is p>tially brok5 on ! ,n4 by two semi-r+s1 & on ! ,s4 by a gap4 ,! ,e4 wall ext5ds on ! ,s4 f> beyond ! limits ( ! =mation1 & t]m9ates 9 a brilliant m\nta9 mass #fjjj feet 9 height4 ,!re is a bright crat] on ! cre/ ( bo? ! ,e4 & ,w4 bord]4 ,on ! pla9 ,e4 ( ,m]cator is a rem>kable little crat] /&+ on a light area1 &1 j "u ! wall1 a dusky pit connect$ ) x by a rill-l m>k+4 ,^! objects are ( a v d\btful nature1 & %\ld be c>efully obs]v$4 ,! floor ( ,m]cator is mu* light] ?an t ( ,campanus1 & appe>s to be devoid ( detail4 ,,ci*us4--,a conspicu\s r+-pla91 ab\t #bj miles 9 diamet]1 ) a prom95t deep crat] ab\t #f miles across on its ,e4 rim4 ,x is situat$ on a curi\s boot-%ap$ plateau1 ne> ! ,s4 end ( ! rocky m\nta9 b>ri] associat$ ) ! la/ two =mations4 ,its walls rise ab\t #ijjj feet above a sunk5 floor1 on :i* !re is "s fa9t detail1 b app>5tly no?+ des]v+ ! di/9ction ( a c5tral m\nta94 ,! plateau on ! ,n4 is cut ?r\gh by a f9e broad valley1 :i* has obvi\sly int]f]$ ) a l>ge crat]i=m depression on its s\!rn edge4 ,a cleft runs f a small crat] ,w4 ( ! plateau up to ?is valley1 & ext5ds beyond to ! ,w4 wall ( ,capuanus4 ,!re is also a delicate cleft cross+ ! region ,s4 ( ,ci*us to ! gr\p ( complicat$ =mations ,s4,w4 ( ,capuanus4 ,z already m5tion$1 ! great ,hesiodus cleft is associat$ ) ! ,ci*us plateau4 ,,capuanus4--,a l>ge r+-pla91 ab\t #cd miles 9 diamet]1 ,e4 ( ,ci*us1 ) a bord] especially rem>kable on ! ,e41 :]e x rises m ?an #hjjj feet above ! outside c\ntry1 & includes a l>ge brilliant %all[ crat]4 ,x is brok5 on ! ,n4,w4 by a small b notewor?y d\ble crat]2 & on ! ,s4 its cont9uity is de/roy$ = _m miles by a numb] ( big circul> & sub-circul> depressions & prom95t deep valleys1 f> too num]\s & complicat$ to describe4 ,! level dusky int]ior conta9s only a l[ m\nd on ! ,s41 b is cross$ by "s light /reaks runn+ f ,n4 to ,s4 ,,ramsd54--,?is r+-pla91 #ab miles 9 diamet]1 d]ives its importance f ! rem>kable rill-sy/em ) :i* x is s closely associat$4 ,its bord]1 ab\t #ahjj feet on ! ,w4 above ! outside surface1 is slightly t]rac$ )9 on ! ,e41 :]e !re is an unrecord$ bright crat] on ! slope4 ,! two pr9cipal clefts on ! ,s4 orig9ate among ! hills ,e4 ( ,capuanus4 ,! m ea/]ly beg9s at a crat] on ! ,n4 edge ( ^! objects1 & runs ,n4 to ! ,e4 side ( ,ramsd52 ! o!r orig9ates at a l>g] crat]1 & proce$s 9 a ,n4 direction up to a bright little m\nta9 ,s4,w4 ( ,ramsd52 :51 sw]v+ to ! ,n4,e41 x ends at ! ,w4 wall ( ?is =mation4 ,?is m\nta9 is a c5tre or node f :i* ?ree o!r m delicate bran*es radiate4 ,on ! ,n41 ?ree ( ! %orte/ clefts p]ta9+ to ! sy/em are easily traceable f neighb\r+ m\nta9s up to ! ,n4 wall1 :i* !y app>5tly p>tially cut ?r\gh4 ,! ,e4 pair h a common orig91 b op5 out z !y approa* ! bord] ( ,ramsd54 ,,vitello4--,a v peculi> r+-pla91 #bh miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4 side ( ! ,m>e ,humorum1 rem>kable = hav+ ano!r ne>ly conc5tric r+-pla91 ( consid]ably less altitude )9 x1 & a l>ge bright c5tral boss1 ov]look+ ! inn] wall1 #agjj feet 9 height4 ,! out] wall is some:at irregul>1 & is brok5 by gaps & valleys on ! ,s4 & ,n4,w4 ,x rises on ! ,e4 ab\t #ejjj feet above ! ,m>e1 b only ab\t #bjjj above ! int]ior1 :i* includes a crat] on its ,n4 side1 & "s l[ ridges4 ,,ha9zel4--,?is rem>kable =mation1 :i* is ab\t #ee miles 9 greate/ l5g?1 b is h>dly half s broad1 d]ives its abnormal %ape f ! p>tial coalesc5ce ( two ne>ly equal r+-pla9s1 ! walls ( bo? be+ v l(ty1--m ?an #aj1jjj feet4 ,x ought to be obs]v$ "u a morn+ sun :5 ! floor is ab\t half illum9at$4 ,at ?is phase ! ext5sion ( ! broad bright t]rac$ ,e4 bord] across a portion ( ! int]ior is v app>5t1 & ! true /ructural "* ( ! =mation cle>ly reveal$4 ,! floor ab\nds 9 detail1 among :i*1 on ! ,s41 are "s l>ge crat]s & a bright longitud9al ridge4 ,ha9zel is flank$ on ! ,w4 & ,s4,w4 by a broad plateau1 ,w4 ( :i* /& two r+-pla9s ab\t #ae miles 9 diamet]1 bo? hav+ prom95t c5tral m\nta9s & bright int]iors4 ,,wilhelm ,i4--,a l>ge irregul> =mation1 ab\t #ej miles across1 ,s4,e4 ( ,he9sius1 ) walls v>y+ v consid]ably 9 height1 ris+ m ?an #aa1jjj feet on ! ,e41 b only ab\t #gjjj feet on ! opposite side4 ,! bord] is ev]y:]e cr[d$ ) depressions1 l>ge & small4 ,?ree r+-pla9s1 n less ?an #f miles 9 diamet]1 /& ^u ! ,s4 wall1 ! mo/ we/]ly ov]lapp+ its %all[] neighb\r on ! ,e41 :i* projects beyond ! wall on to ! floor4 ,! int]ior has a v rugg$ & unev5 surface1 ^u ! ,n4 side ( :i* are two v di/9ct crat]s1 & a %ort crat]-r[ on ! ,w4 ( !m4 ,x is trav]s$ f ,w4 to ,e4 by ?ree bright /reaks f ,ty*o1 two on ! ,n4 be+ v prom95t "u a high light4 ,,longomontanus4--,a mu* l>g] wall$-pla91 ,s4 ( ! la/4 ,x is #ij miles 9 diamet]1 ) a bord] mu* brok5 by depressions1 especially on ! ,n4,e4 ,at "o peak on ?is side x rises to ! trem5d\s altitude ( #ac1jjj feet above ! floor1 & at peaks on ! ,w4 m ?an #ajjj feet high]4 ,!re is a cr[d ( r+-pla9s on ! ,n4,e4 qu>t] ( ! int]ior1 & "s hills & crat]lets 9 o!r p>ts ( x4 ,x is also cross$ by rays f ,ty*o4 ,,s*ill]4--,a f9e loz5ge-%ap$ enclosure1 ) a cont9u\s b some:at irregul> bord]4 ,x is ab\t #aab miles 9 extreme l5g?1 & r m ?an half ?is 9 bread?4 ,! l(tie/ section ( ! wall is on ! ,w41 :]e x rises #ac1jjj feet above a consid]ably depress$ int]ior4 ,!re is a bright crat] on ?is side & "s t]races4 ,on ! broad inn] slope ( ! ,e4 bord]1 ! summit ridge ( :i* is especially well-m>k$1 !re is a l>ge %all[ depression4 ,! floor conta9s sc>cely any detail1 except "s ridges on ! ,n4 side & a few crat]lets4 ,! great bright pla9 ,e4 ( ,s*ill] & ! region on ! ,s4,e4 are especially wor?y ( scrut9y "u a l[ morn+ sun4 ,,bay]4--,?is object1 #bi miles 9 diamet]1 ) a t]rac$ bord] ris+ on ! ,w4 to a height ( #hjjj feet above ! floor1 is s closely associat$ ) ,s*ill]1 t x may almo/ be reg>d$ z =m+ "p ( x4 ,a long l(ty m\nta9 arm1 app>5tly connect$ ) ! ,w4 wall ( ! latt]1 runs f ! ,e4 side ( ,bay] t[>ds ! ,n4,w4 ,!re is a crat] on ! ,e4 side ( ! int]ior4 ,,ro/4--,an oblong-%ap$ r+-pla91 #cj miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,w4 ( ,s*ill]1 ) mod]ately high walls1 &1 accord+ to ,neison1 a %all[ depression )91 ne>ly c5tral4 ,i h se5 a crat] %[n by ,s*midt on ! ,e4 side ( ! floor4 ,a valley runs f ! ,e4 side ( ,ro/ to ! ,s4 ( ,s*ill]4 ,,weigel4--,a n v conspicu\s r+-pla9 on ! ,s4 ( ,s*ill]1 ) a crat] on its ,n4,w4 rim1 & a l>g] r+ adjo9+ x on ! ,s4,e4 ,a prom95t curv$ m\nta9 arm f ! ,e4 wall ( ,s*ill] runs t[>ds ! ,n4 side ( ?is =mation4 ,,blancanus4--,a =mation1 #ej miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ,clavius1 ^: surpass+ beauties t5d to r5d] ! less rem>kable features ( ?is magnific5t r+-pla9 & ^? ( its neighb\r ,s*e9] less attractive ?an !y o!rwise w\ld be4 ,! cre/ ( its f9ely t]rac$ wall1 :i* at "o peak on ! ,e4 rises to #ah1jjj feet1 is at lea/ #ab1jjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,krieg] saw tw5ty crat]s on ! floor 7#ahid1 ,sept4 #ba1 #ac;h471 mo/ ( !m situat$ on ! ,s4 qu>t]4 ,,s*e9]4--,a /ill l>g] object1 be+ ne>ly #gj miles 9 diamet]1 ) a prom95tly t]rac$ wall1 fully z l(ty z t ( ,blancanus4 ,!re is a l>ge crat]1 ne>ly c5tral1 two o!rs on ! ,n4,e4 side ( ! floor1 & a f\r? at ! inn] foot ( ! ,e4 wall4 ,!re is also a %all[ r+ on ! ,n4,e4 slope4 ,s*midt %[s1 b f> too prom95tly1 two /raight ridges cross+ ea* o!r on ! ,s4 side ( ! c5tral crat]4 ,,casatus4--,a l>ge wall$-pla91 ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4,e4 ( ,blancanus1 ne> ! limb1 rem>kable = hav+ "o ( ! l(tie/ ramp>ts ( all kn[n lun> objects2 x rises at "o peak on ! ,s4,w4 to ! great height ( #bb1bhe feet above ! floor1 :ile !re are o!r peaks ne>ly z high on ! ,n4 & ,s4 ,! wall is brok5 on ! ,e4 by a f9e crat]4 ,!re is also a crat] on ! ,n4,w4 side ( ! v depress$ floor1 toge!r ) "s crat]lets4 ,,klapro?4--,casatus p>tially ov]laps ?is /ill l>g] b less massive =mation on its ,s4,e4 flank4 ,! walls ( ,klapro? are mu* l[] & v irregul> & brok51 especially on ! ,w4 ,!re are "s ridges on ! floor4 ,! neighb\r+ region is cov]$ ) unnam$ objects1 l>ge & small4 ,,ea/ ,,longitude #dj deg4 ,,to #fj deg4 ,,flam/e$4--,a bright r+-pla91 #i miles 9 diamet]1 9 a b>r5 region 9 ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 ,n4,e4 ( ,wi*mann4 ,x has a regul> bord] 7brok5 at "o place on ! ,n4 by a gap1 :i* probably repres5ts a crat]71 ris+ to a height ( ab\t #adjj feet above ! surr\nd+ pla94 ,a great enclosure1 #fj miles 9 diamet]1 lies on ! ,n4 ( ,flam/e$4 ,x is def9$ by l[ ridges :i* exhibit _m breaks1 ?\gh "u a high light ! r+ is app>5tly cont9u\s4 ,)9 are sev]al small crat]s & two consid]able hills1 ne>ly c5tral4 ,,h]mann4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #aj miles 9 diamet]1 9 ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 ,w4 ( ,lohrmann4 ,x is associat$ ) a gr\p ( long ridges1 runn+ 9 a m]idional direction & r\ghly p>allel to ! coa/-l9e4 ,,letronne4--,a magnific5t bay or inflexion 9 ! coa/-l9e ( ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 ,n4,n4,e4 ( ,gass5di1 pres5t+ an op5+ t[>ds ! ,n4 ( ne>ly #ej miles1 & b\nd$ on ! ,s4 & ,s4,w4 by ! l(ty ,gass5di highl&s4 ,its bord] on ! ,w41 ab\t #cjjj feet high1 is cr[n$ ) innum]able small depressions4 ,! int]ior includes f\r bright little m\nta9s1 ne>ly c5tral 7?ree ( !m =m+ a triangle71 a bright crat] on ! ,w4 side1 & sev]al m9or elevations & ridges4 ,on ! pla9 ,n4 ( ! bay1 is a l>ge bright crat]1 f :i* a f9e curv$ ridge runs to ! c5tral m\nta9s4 ,if ,letronne is obs]v$ "u oblique illum9ation1 ! l[ m\nds & ridges on ! ,m>e outside impress "o ) ! idea t !y repres5t ! rema9s ( a once complete ,n4 wall4 ,,billy4--,a r+-pla91 #ca miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4,e4 ( ,letronne1 ) a v d>k floor1 depress$ ab\t #ajjj feet bel[ ! grey surface on ! ,w41 & a regul> bord]1 ris+ m ?an #cjjj feet above x4 ,!re is a n>r[ gap on ! ,s41 & indications ( a crat] on ! ,n4,w4 rim4 ,two small crat]s /& on ! ,s4 half ( ! int]ior4 ,! =mation is flank$ on ! ,s4,w4 by highl&s4 ,,han/e54--,a some:at l>g] r+-pla91 ) a l[] & m irregul> ramp>t1 ris+ on ! ,w4 to ne>ly #cjjj feet above ! floor1 :i* is depress$ to ab\t ! same ext5t z t ( ,billy4 ,bo? ! inn] & out] slopes are t]rac$ on ! ,e41 :]e ! glacis is trav]s$ by a %ort1 delicate1 rill-l valley4 ,!re are "s bright curv$ ridges on ! floor4 ,on ! ,w4 ( ,billy & ,han/e5 is a wide inlet ( ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 b\nd$ by ! ,letronne region on ! ,w41 & on ! ,s4 by l(ty highl&s4 ,on ! surface1 n f> f ! ,s4,w4 bord] ( ,han/e51 is a curi\s triangul>-%ap$ m\nta9 mass1 ) a digitat$ outl9e on ! ,s41 & includ+ a small bright crat] on its area4 ,betwe5 ?is & ! r+- pla9 is a l>ge b some:at obscure depression1 ,n4 ( :i* lies a rill-l object ext5d+ f ! ,n4 po9t ( ! triangul> m\nta9 to ! ,w4 wall4 ,at ! bottom ( a g5tly slop+ valley betwe5 ,billy & ,han/e5 is a delicate m>k+1 :i* seems to repres5t a cleft connect+ ! two =mations4 ,,zupus4--,a =mation ab\t #ab miles 9 diamet] ) a d>k floor1 situat$ 9 ! hilly region ,n4,e4 ( ,m]s5ius4 ,,fontana4--,a notewor?y r+-pla91 ab\t #bj miles 9 diamet]1 ,e4,n4,e4 ( ,zupus1 ) a bright bord]1 exhibit+ a n>r[ gap on ! ,s4 & two l>ge contigu\s crat]s on ! ,n4,w4 ,! fa9t c5tral m\nta9 /&s on a dusky int]ior4 ,on ! ,n4 is a l>ge peculi> depress$ pla9 ) a g5tly slop+ wall1 )9 :i* are ?ree %ort rill-l valleys & a crat]4 ,,m]s5ius4--,) its ext5sive rill-sy/em & int]e/+ surr\nd+s1 "o ( ! mo/ notable r+-pla9s 9 ! ?ird quadrant4 ,x is #da miles 9 diamet]1 & is encircl$ by a f9e ramp>t1 :i* on ! side front+ ! ,m>e ,humorum rises #gjjj feet above ! floor1 :i* is di/9ctly convex1 & is depress$ #cjjj feet bel[ ! region on ! ,e41 ?\gh x /&s consid]ably above ! level ( ! ,m>e4 ,! prom95tly t]rac$ bord] is tol]ably regul> on ! ,n4,w41 b on ! ,s4 & ,s4,e4 is mu* brok5 by crat]s & depressions1 ! l>ge/ & mo/ conspicu\s int]rupt+ ! cont9uity ( its summit-ridge on ! latt] side4 ,a f9e crat]-r[ trav]ses ! c5tral "p ( ! int]ior1 ne>ly axially1 & a delicate cleft crosses ! ,n4 half ( ! floor f ! inn] foot ( ! ,n4,e4 wall to a crat] n f> f ! opposite side4 ,i detect$ ano!r cleft on ,novemb] #aa1 #ahhc1 also cross+ ! ,n4 side ( ! floor4 ,s\? ( ,m]s5ius is ! f9e r+-pla9 ,m]s5ius d1 ab\t #bj miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ on ! bord] ( ! ,m>e2 &1 ext5d+ 9 a l9e f ?is t[>ds ,vieta are two o!rs 7a1 & ,cav5di% d171 some:at l>g]1 b o!rwise simil>2 ! m ea/]ly be+ connect$ ) ,cav5di% by a m\nta9 arm4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal clefts ( ! sy/em 7all ( :i* run r\ghly p>allel to ! ,n4,e4 side ( ! ,m>e1 & ext5d to ! ,p]cy ,m\nta9s ,e4 ( ,gass5di7 crosses ! floor ( d1 &1 ,i believe1 p>tially cuts into its ,w4 wall4 ,ano!r1 ! co>se/1 abuts on a m\nta9 arm connect+ d ) ,m]s5ius1 &1 reappe>+ on ! ,e4 side1 runs up to ! ,n4,w4 wall ( ! o!r r+- pla91 a1 &1 aga9 reappe>+ on ! ,e4 ( ?is1 /rikes across ! rugg$ gr\nd betwe5 a & ,cav5di% d1 trav]s+ its floor & bord]1 z does also ano!r cleft to ! ,n4 ( x4 ,cav5di% d includes a co>se cleft on its floor1 runn+ f ,n4 to ,s41 :i* ,i h frequ5tly glimps$ ) a #d in* a*romatic4 ,!re are two o!r delicate clefts runn+ f ! ,gass5di region to ! ,s4,w4 side ( ,m]s5ius1 :i* are 9 "p crat]-rills4 ,,cav5di%4--,a notable r+-pla91 #cb miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4,e4 ( ,m]s5ius1 ) a prom95tly t]rac$ bord]1 ris+ at "o po9t on ! ,s4 to a height ( #fjjj feet above ! int]ior1 on :i* are a few l[ ridges4 ,a l>ge bright r+-pla9 7e71 ab\t #ab miles 9 diamet]1 breaks ! cont9uity ( ! ,s4,e4 wall1 & adjo9+ ?is1 b beyond ! limits ( ! =mation1 is ano!r small] r+ ) a c5tral hill4 ,!re is also a bright crat] on ! ,n4,w4 bord]4 ,! ,w4 glacis is v broad1 & includes two l>ge %all[ depressions4 ,an especially f9e valley runs up to ! ,n4 wall1 to ! ,w4 side ( e4 ,,vieta4--,"o ( ! f9e/ objects 9 ! ?ird quadrant2 a r+-pla9 #ea miles 9 diamet]1 ) broad l(ty walls1 a peak on ! we/ ris+ to ne>ly #aa1jjj feet1 & ano!r ,n4 ( x to consid]ably m ?an #ad1jjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,x is b\nd$ by a l9e> bord]1 approximat+ v closely to an hexagonal %ape1 :i* is brok5 by _m gaps & cross-valleys4 ,on ! ,s41 ! ,s4,w4 & ,s4,e4 sections ( ! wall d n meet1 be+ sep>at$ by a wide valley flank$ on ! ,w4 by a f9e crat]1 :i* has brok5 d[n ! ramp>t at ?is place4 ,! ,n4 bord] is likewise int]sect$ by valleys & by a crat]-r[4 ,! inn] slopes are conspicu\sly t]rac$4 ,!re is a v inconspicu\s c5tral m\nta9 & sev]al l>ge crat]s on ! floor1 "s ( !m d\ble4 ,t5 h be5 c\nt$ on ! ,n4 half ( ! int]ior4 ,on ! ,s4,e4 ( ,vieta are two f9e ov]lapp+ r+-pla9s1 ) a crat] on ! wall common to bo?4 ,,de ,,vico4--,a conspicu\s little r+-pla91 ab\t #i miles 9 diamet]1 ) a l(ty bord]1 "s di/ance ,e4 ( ,m]s5ius4 ,,lee4--,an incomplete wall$-pla91 ab\t #bh miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4 side ( ! ,m>e ,humorum1 ,e4 ( ,vitello1 f :i* x is sep>at$ by ano!r p>tial enclosure1 ) a /rik+ valley1 n %[n 9 ! publi%$ maps1 runn+ r\nd its ,w4 side4 ,if view$ :5 its ,e4 wall is on ! morn+ t]m9ator1 "s isolat$ relics ( ! wreck$ ,n4,w4 wall ( ,lee are prom95t1 9 ! %ape ( a numb] ( att5uat$ bright elevations sep>at$ by gaps4 ,)9 are ?ree or f\r conspicu\s hills4 ,,doppelmay]4--,"u a high sun ?is l>ge r+-pla91 #dj miles 9 diamet]1 resembles a great bay op5 to ! ,n4,w41 )\t a trace ( detail to break ! monotony ( ! surface on ! side fac+ ! ,m>e ,humorum4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is view$ "u oblique morn+ illum9ation1 a l[ broad ridge is easily traceable1 ext5d+ across ! op5+1 indicat+ ! site ( a ru9$ wall4 ,!re is an isolat$ m\nta9 at ! ,s4,w4 end ( ?is1 :i* ca/s a f9e spire ( %ad[ across ! floor at sunrise4 ,! int]ior conta9s a massive bright c5tral m\nta9 & sev]al little hills4 ,! cre/ ( ! wall on ! ,e4 is mu* brok54 ,,f\ri]4--,a l>ge r+-pla91 #cj miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4,w4 ( ,vieta1 ) a bord] ris+ at a peak on ! ,w4 m ?an #ijjj feet above ! floor1 ,!re are two crat]s on ! out] slope ( ! ,n4,w4 wall1 a prom95t crat] on ! ,s4 wall1 & 7accord+ to ,s*midt7 a small c5tral crat] on ! floor1 :i* ,i h n se54 ,9 ! region betwe5 ,f\ri] & ,vieta !re are ?ree r+-pla9s1 two 7! m we/]ly7 /&+ side by side1 & on ! ,w41 t[>ds ! ,m>e1 are two o!rs mu* l>g]1 t ne>] to ,f\ri] be+ trav]s$ by "o cleft1 & ! o!r by two clefts1 cross+ ne> ! c5tre ( ! floor4 ,,clausius4--,a small bright r+-pla9 9 an isolat$ position ,n4,w4 ( ,s*ick>d1 ) a crat] bo? on its ,n4 & ,s4 rim1 & a fa9t c5tral hill4 ,,lacroix4--,a r+-pla9 #bj miles 9 diamet]1 ,n4 ( ,s*ick>d4 ,x has a prom95t c5tral m\nta94 ,,s*ick>d4--,"o ( ! l>ge/ wall-surr\nd$ pla9s on ! visible surface ( ! moon1 ext5d+ ab\t #acd miles f ,n4 to ,s41 & ab\t ! same f ,e4 to ,w41 enclos+ a ne>ly level area1 ab\nd+ 9 detail4 ,its bord]1 to a great ext5t l9e>1 is v irregul>1 & mu* brok5 by ! int]position ( small r+-pla9s & crat]s1 & on ! ,n4 by cross-valleys4 ,its g5]al height is ab\t #djjj feet1 ! l(tie/ peak on ! ,w4 wall ris+ to m ?an #ijjj feet above ! floor4 ,! inn] slopes ( ?is va/ ramp>t are v complex1 especially on ! ,e41 :]e _m t]races & depressions may be se5 "u suitable illum9ation4 ,!re are ?ree l>ge r+-pla9s 9 ! int]ior1 all ( !m ,s4 ( ! c5tre2 & at lea/ five small] ones ne> ! inn] foot ( ! ,e4 wall1 :i* c only be well obs]v$ :5 libration is fav\rable4 ,! two m ea/]ly ( ! l>ge r+-pla9s are connect$ by a cleft1 & !re are sev]al %ort clefts & crat]-r[s associat$ ) ! small] r+-pla9s4 ,on ! ,n4 side ( ! area is a numb] ( m9ute crat]s4 ,! floor is div]sifi$ by two l>ge d>k m>k+s--an oblong pat* on ! ,s4,w4 side1 abutt+ on ! wall1 be+ ! m rem>kable2 & a dusky area1 occupy+ a great portion ( ! ,n4 "p ( ! floor1 & ext5d+ up to ! ,n4 bord]4 ,?is is trav]s$ by a light /reak runn+ f ,n4 to ,s41 :i* is ! site ( a r[ ( m9ute crat]s4 ,,lehmann4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #bh miles 9 l5g?1 on ! ,n4 ( ,s*ick>d1 ) :i* x is connect$ by a numb] ( cross-valleys4 ,,drebbel4--,a bright r+-pla91 #ah miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,n4,w4 ( ,s*ick>d1 ) a l(ty irregul> bord] 7especially on ! ,w471 exhibit+ a well-m>k$ t]race on ! ,e41 a di/9ct gap on ! ,n41 & a small crat] on ! ,s4,e4 rim4 ,on a dusky area betwe5 x & ,s*ick>d /& ?ree prom95t deep crat]s4 ,,phocylides4--,?is extraord9>y wall$ pla91 ) its neighb\r+ enclosures1 is /ructurally v rem>kable & sugge/ive4 ,x consi/s ( a l>ge irregul> =mation1 ) a l(ty wall1 flank$ on ! ,n4 by a small] & /ill m irregul> enclosure 7b71 ! floor ( :i* is #aejj feet above t ( ,phocylides1 ! l9e ( p>tition be+ a high cliff1 probably repres5t+ a fault1 ^: %ad[ "u a l[ sun is v /rik+4 ,phocylides is ab\t #hj miles 9 maximum l5g?1 or1 if we reckon ! small enclosure b to =m a "p ( x1 m ?an #abj miles4 ,! l(tie/ peak1 ne>ly #ijjj feet1 is on ! ,w4 bord]1 ne> ! p>tition wall4 ,! cont9uity ( ! ramp>t is brok5 on ! ,s4 by a l>ge crat]4 ,!re is a bright r+-pla9 on ! ,w4 side ( ! floor1 & a few small crat]s4 ,phocylides b has only a solit>y crat] )9 x4 ,phocylides ,c1 abutt+ on ! ,w4 flank ( ,phocylides1 is ab\t #bf miles 9 diamet]4 ,its some:at dusky int]ior is devoid ( detail1 b ! out] slope ( its ,w4 wall is cr[d$ ) a numb] ( m9ute crat]s1 :i*1 "u good conditions1 may be utilis$ z te/s ( ! def9+ p[] ( ! telescope us$4 ,phocylides ,a1 on ! bright ,s4,w4 pla91 is a l>ge deep crat] ) a f9e crat]-r[ flank+ x on ! ,w4 ,,w>g5t94--,a mo/ rem>kable memb] ( ! ,phocylides gr\p1 flank+ ! ,s4,e4 side ( ,s*ick>d4 ,unlike ! majority ( lun> =mations1 its floor is rais$ consid]ably above ! surr\nd+ region1 s t x resembles a %all[ oval di% turn$ upside d[n4 ,x is #ed miles 9 diamet]1 &1 except on ! ,s4,w4 7:]e x abuts on ,phocylides b1 & = "s di/ance is b\nd$ by its wall71 x has only a bord] ( v mod]ate dim5sions4 ,on ! ,n4,e4 slope ( ?is gho/ly ramp>t ,i h se5 a di/9ct little crat]1 & two mu* l>g] depressions on ! ,n4,w4 slope4 ,!re are "s l[ ridges on ! floor1 radiat+ f a ne>ly c5tral po9t1 :i* h be5 aptly comp>$ to a bird's foot4 ,,segn]4--,a f9e r+-pla91 #df miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ,s*ill]1 ) a l9e> bord] on e side except ! ,n4 ,at a peak on ! ,w41 ^: %ad[ is v rem>kable1 x rises to a height ( m ?an #hjjj feet above ! out] surface4 ,!re is a crat] on ! ,s4,w4 wall1 ano!r on ! ,n4,w4 wall1 & sev]al depressions on ! out] slope on ?is side4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is small b conspicu\s4 ,a l>ge unnam$ enclosure ext5ds ,n4 ( ,segn]3 x is l>g] ?an ,s*ill]1 & is surr\nd$ by a l(ty b>ri]4 ,! bright pla9 betwe5 ?is & ! latt] is wor? exam9ation "u a l[ sun4 ,,zu*ius4--,is situat$ on ! ,s4,e4 ( ,segn]1 :i* x slightly ov]laps4 ,x is v simil> 9 size & g5]al "*1 & has a l(ty t]rac$ wall1 ris+ at "o place on ! ,w4 to ne>ly #aa1jjj feet above ! floor4 ,a v f9e *a9 ( crat]s1 well se5 :5 ! opposite bord] is on ! morn+ t]m9ator1 runs r\nd ! out] ,w4 slope ( ! wall4 ,!re is a bright crat] beyond ?is on ! ,s4,w4 ,zu*ius has a c5tral peak4 ,,bett9us4--,ano!r r+-pla9 ( ! same type & size1 "s di/ance ,s4 ( ! la/1 ) a massive bord]1 t]rac$ )91 & ris+ on ! ,w4 m ?an #ac1jjj feet above ! floor1 on :i* /&s a gr& c5tral m\nta91 ^: brilliant summit is 9 sunlight a long "t be=e a ray rea*es any "p ( ! deep int]ior4 ,,kir*]4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #de miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4 ( ,bett9us1 rem>kable also = its v l(ty ramp>t1 :i* on ! ,s4 atta9s ! trem5d\s height ( ne>ly #ah1jjj feet above ! floor1 :i* appe>s to be devoid ( detail4 ,,wilson4--,! mo/ s\!rly ( ! *a9 ( five massive r+-pla9s1 ext5d+ 9 an almo/ unbrok5 l9e f ,segn] & diff]+ only v slightly 9 size4 ,x is ab\t #dj miles 9 diamet]1 & has a some:at irregul> bord]1 bo? z reg>ds %ape & height1 ris+ at "o peak on ! ,s4,w4 to ne>ly #ad1jjj feet above a level int]ior1 :i* app>5tly conta9s no conspicu\s features4 ,,ea/ ,,longitude #fj deg4 ,,to #ij deg4 ,,grimaldi4--,?is ranks among ! l>ge/ wall-surr\nd$ pla9s on ! moon1 & is p]haps ! d>ke/4 ,x ext5ds #adh miles f ,n4 to ,s4 & #abi miles f ,e4 to ,w41 enclos+ an area ( "s #ad1jjj squ>e miles1 or ne>ly d\ble t ( ! pr9cipality ( ,wales4 ,?is va/ dusky surface is b\nd$ on ! ,e4 by a tol]ably regul> bord]1 hav+ an av]age height ( ab\t #djjj feet1 :ile on ! opposite side x is mu* brok51 & 9 places consid]ably l(ti]1 ris+ at "o peak on ! ,s4,w4 to an altitude ( #ijjj feet4 ,ab\t midway1 also1 ?is we/]n ramp>t atta9s a great height1 z may be se5 by any "o :o obs]ves at sunrise ! magnific5t %ad[ ( x1 & its _m peaks ?r[n across ! blui%-grey int]ior4 ,on ! ,s4 ! wall is brok5 by a l>ge irregul> depression1 on ! ,w4 ( :i* is a v curi\s ,v-%ap$ rill valley4 ,on ! ,n4,w4 x is comp>atively l[1 & 9 places discont9u\s2 & ev5 to a great] ext5t ?an on ! ,s4,w41 int]sect$ by passes4 ,at ! extreme ,n4 end1 a numb] ( wide valleys cut ?r\gh ! wall & tr5d t[>ds ,lohrmann4 ,!re is a consid]able r+-pla9 at ! inn] foot ( ! ,n4,e4 wall1 b1 except ?is & a few longitud9al ridges1 j visible "u a v l[ sun1 !re is app>5tly no o!r object to v>y ! monotony ( ?is great expanse4 ,,damoiseau4--,consi/s ( a complex arrangem5t ( r+s1 an enclosure #bc miles 9 diamet]1 ) a some:at small] enclosure plac$ exc5trically )9 x 7! ,n4 side ( bo? abutt+ on a bright plateau71 ) two l>ge depressions int]v5+ betwe5 _! ,w4 bord]s4 ,?is peculi>ity1 almo/ unique1 r5d]s ! =mation an especially int]e/+ object4 ,damoiseau is situat$ on ! ,w4 side ( ,grimaldi1 on ! ,e4 coa/-l9e ( ! ,oceanus ,procell>um1 f :i* ! ,s4,w4 bord] rises at a g5tle incl9ation4 ,on ! ,n4,w4 !re is a curi\s curv$ inflexion ( ! ,m>e1 b\nd$ by a bright cliff1 repres5t+ probably ! ,e4 side ( a de/roy$ r+1 a supposition :i* is /r5g!n$ by ! exi/5ce ( a fa9t sc> on ! surface ( ! sea1 ext5d+ 9 a curve f "o extremity ( ! bay to ! o!r1 & ?us indicat+ ! position ( ! rema9d] ( ! r+4 ,a conspicu\s little crat] /&s at ! ,s4 end ( x1 & two o!rs "s di/ance to ! ,w4 ,! small] compon5t ( ,damoiseau conta9s a l[ c5tral ridge4 ,,riccioli4--,an imm5se enclosure1 ne> ! limb1 ,n4,e4 ( ,grimaldi1 b\nd$ by a ramp>t :i* is v irregul> bo? 9 =m & height1 ?\gh n[h]e ( great altitude1 & mu* brok5 by n>r[ gaps4 ,x is especially l[ & att5uat$ on ! ,n41 :]e a numb] ( ridges ) int]v5+ valleys trav]se x4 ,on ! ,s4 also a wide valley cuts ?r\gh x4 ,) ! exception ( a few l[ r\nd$ hills & ridges1 a %ort crat]-r[ "u ! ,s4,e4 wall1 & two small crat]s on ! ,s4,w41 !re are no details on ! floor1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is o!rwise rem>kable = ! dusky tone ( its surface1 especially on ! ,n4 ,?is d>k pat* occupies ! :ole ( ! ,n4,e4 side ( ! int]ior1 & is b\nd$ on ! ,s4 by an irregul> outl9e1 ext5d+ at "o po9t ne>ly to ! c5tre1 & on ! ,w4 by a curv$ edge4 ,! ,w4 side is mu* d>k] ?an ! re/4 ,x is1 9 fact1 z d>k1 if n d>k]1 ?an any "p ( ! floor ( ,grimaldi4 ,riccioli ext5ds #ajf miles f ,n4 to ,s41 & is ne>ly z broad4 ,x includes an area ( #ijjj squ>e miles4 ,,rocca4--,an irregul> =mation1 #fj miles 9 l5g?1 ne> ! limb ,s4,e4 ( ,grimaldi1 consi/+ ( a depression p>tially enclos$ by m\nta9 arms4 ,,sirsalis4--,! m we/]ly ( a conspicu\s pair ( r+-pla9s ab\t #bj miles 9 diamet]1 9 ! di/urb$ m\nta9 region "s di/ance ,s4,w4 ( ,grimaldi4 ,x has l(ty bright walls1 ris+ to a great height above a depress$ floor1 on :i* !re is a prom95t c5tral m\nta94 ,! ,e4 bord] encroa*es consid]ably on ! some:at l>g] companion1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 sc>cely a ?ird s deep4 ,"o ( ! longe/ clefts on ! visible surface runs imm$iately ,w4 ( ?is =mation4 ,comm5c+ at a m9ute crat] on ! ,n4 ( x1 x grazes ! foot ( ! ,w4 glacis2 !n1 pass+ a pair ( small ov]lapp+ crat]s 7resembl+ ,sirsalis & its companion 9 m9iature71 x runs ?r\gh a v rugg$ c\ntry to a r+-pla9 ,e4 ( ,de ,vico 7,de ,vico a71 :i* x trav]ses1 &1 /ill foll[+ a s\!rly c\rse1 ext5ds t[>ds ,byrgius1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( :i* x is app>5tly lo/ at a ridge1 ?\gh ,s*midt & ,gaudib]t h trac$ x /ill f>!r 9 ! same direction4 ,x is at lea/ #cjj miles 9 l5g?1 & v>ies mu* 9 wid? & "*1 consi/+ 9 places ( di/9ct crat]-r[s4 ,,crug]4--,a regul> r+-pla9 ,e4 ( ,fontana1 #cj miles 9 diamet]1 ) a d>k floor1 )\t detail1 & comp>atively l[ bright walls4 ,!re is a small] b v conspicu\s r+-pla9 7,crug] a7 on ! ,w4 ( x1 to :i* runs a bran* ( ! great ,sirsalis cleft4 ,,ei*/adt4--,a r+-pla91 #cb miles 9 diamet]1 ne> ! ,e4 limb1 ,s4 ( ,rocca4 ,x is ! l>ge/ & mo/ s\!rly ( ?ree ne>ly circul> enclosures1 )\t c5tral m\nta9s or any o!r details ( int]e/4 ,on ! ,w4 lies a great wall$-pla9 ) a v irregul> bord]1 conta9+ sev]al r+-pla9s & crat]s1 & a crat]-rill4 ,s*midt has nam$ ?is =mation ,,d>w94 ,,byrgius4--,a v irregul> enclosure1 ab\t #dj miles 9 diamet]1 betwe5 ,cav5di% & ! ,e4 limb1 ) a l(ty & discont9u\s bord]1 ris+ at "o po9t on ! ,e4 to a height ( #gjjj feet above ! floor4 ,!re are wide op5+s bo? 9 ! ,n4 & ,s4 wall1 & "s ridges )94 ,! bord] is brok5 on ! ,e4 by a crat]1 & on ! ,w4 by ! well-kn[n crat] ,byrgius ,a1 f :i* a numb] ( bright /reaks radiate1 mo/ly t[>ds ! ,e4 ,"o on ! ,w4 ext5ds to ,cav5di%1 & ano!r to ,m]s5ius1 trav]s+ ! r+-pla9 ,cav5di% ,c4 ,nor?-ea/ ( ,byrgius !re is a m\nta9 arm :i* includes a peak #ac1jjj feet 9 height4 ,,piazzi4--,a wall$-pla91 ab\t #ij miles 9 l5g?1 "s di/ance ,s4,e4 ( ,vieta1 ) a complex brok5 bord]1 includ+ sev]al depressions on ! ,n4,w41 ris+ to ab\t #gjjj feet above a r d>k int]ior1 on :i* !re is a prom95t c5tral m\nta94 ,,lagrange4--,a l>g] b simil> =mation1 #ajj miles 9 diamet]1 associat$ ) ! la/ on ! ,n4,e41 ) a complex t]rac$ bord]1 includ+ peaks ( #ijjj feet1 a bright crat] on ! ,w41 & a r+-pla9 on ! ,n4,w4 ,! inn] slope ( ! ,e4 wall is a f9e object at sunrise1 :5 libration is fav\rable4 ,! floor is d>k & devoid ( detail4 ,,b\v>d4--,a great irregul> enclosure1 :i* appe>s to be /ill l>g] ?an ,lagrange1 ,s4,e4 ( ,piazzi1 & close to ! limb4 ,x is b\nd$ by a v l(ty ramp>t1 ris+ at a peak on ! ,w4 to #aj1jjj feet4 ,x has a f9e c5tral m\nta94 ,,+hirami4--,a v rem>kable r+-pla91 #fj miles 9 diamet]1 ,e4 ( ,s*ick>d1 ) a bright1 broad1 & ne>ly cont9u\s bord]1 t]rac$ )91 & int]sect$ on ! ,n4,e4 by n>r[ valleys1 "o ( :i* is prolong$ ov] ! floor & ext5ds to ! c5tral m\nta94 ,!re are two curi\s d>k spots on ! ,n4 side ( ! int]ior4 ,beyond ! foot ( ! glacis on ! ,s4 a di/9ct cleft runs f a dusky spot to a gr\p ( small crat]s ,e4 ( ,w>g5t94 ,!re is a f9e regul> r+-pla9 ) a small c5tral m\nt ,w4 ( ,+hirami4 ,,p+re4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #ah miles 9 diamet]1 betwe5 ,phocylides & ! limb4 ,,haus54--,a r+-pla91 close to ! limb1 ,n4 ( ,bailly1 :i*1 b = its position1 w\ld be a f9e object4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 nev] suffici5tly well plac$ = obs]vation4 ,,bailly4--,"o ( ! l>ge/ wall-surr\nd$ pla9s on ! moon1 almo/ a sea 9 m9iature1 ext5d+ #aej miles f ,n4 to ,s41 & fully z mu* f ,w4 to ,e4 ,:5 caught at a fav\rable phase1 x is1 despite its position1 especially wor?y ( scrut9y4 ,! ramp>t on ! ,w41 ( ! l9e> type1 is brok5 by sev]al bright crat]s4 ,on ! ,s4,w4 two consid]able ov]lapp+ r+-pla9s int]f]e ) its cont9uity4 ,on ! ,s4,e4 sev]al v rem>kable p>allel curv$ valleys trav]se ! bord]4 ,! ,e4 wall1 :i* at "o po9t atta9s a height ( ne>ly #ae1jjj feet1 is beautifully t]rac$4 ,! floor on ! ea/]n side includes sev]al r+-pla9s 7"s ( :i* are ( a v abnormal type71 _m ridges1 & two delicate d>k l9es1 cross+ ea* o!r ne> ! ,s4 end1 probably repres5t+ clefts4 ,,leg5til4--,a l>ge wall$-pla91 close to ! limb1 ,s4 ( ,bailly4 ,,f\r? ,,quadrant ,,we/ ,,longitude #ij deg4 ,,to #fj deg4 ,,ka/n]4--,a l>ge wall$-pla9 at ! ,s4 end ( ! ,m>e ,smy?ii1 too ne> ! limb = satisfactory obs]vation4 ,,maclaur94--,! pr9cipal memb] ( a gr\p ( irregul> r+-pla9s on ! ,w4 side ( ! ,m>e ,foecunditatis1 a little ,s4 ( ! lun> equator4 ,s*midt %[s no details )9 x1 except a small crat] on ! ,e4 side ( ! floor4 ,,webb4--,a r+-pla9 ,e4 ( ,maclaur91 ab\t #ad miles 9 diamet]1 ) a dusky floor1 enclos$ by a bright rim1 on ! ,n4,e4 side ( :i* !re is a small crat]4 ,s*midt seems to h ov]look$ ! c5tral hill4 ,,langr5us4--,?is noble circumvallation1 ! mo/ nor!rly ( ! m]idional *a9 ( imm5se wall$-pla9s1 ext5d+ = m ?an #fjj miles f ne> ! equator to ,s4 lat4 #dj deg41 w\ld1 b = its prop9quity to ! limb1 rank ) ,cop]nicus 7:i* 9 _m respects x resembles7 among ! mo/ /rik+ objects on ! surface ( ! moon4 ,its l5g? is ab\t #ij miles f ,n4 to ,s41 & its bread? fully z mu*4 ,9 %ape x approximates v closely to t ( a =e%ort5$ regul> hexagon4 ,! walls1 :i* at "o po9t on ! ,e4 rise to an altitude ( ne>ly #aj1jjj feet1 are cont9u\s1 except on ?is side1 :]e !y are brok5 by ! int]f]5ce ( an irregul> depression1 & on ! extreme ,s41 :]e !y are int]sect$ by cross-valleys4 ,)91 ! t]races are rem>kably di/9ct1 & ! int]v5+ valleys /rongly m>k$4 ,! brilliant comp\nd c5tral m\nta9 rises at its l(tie/ peak to a height ( m ?an #cjjj feet4 ,on ! ,n4 ( x is an obscure circul> r+1 :i* may possibly m]ely repres5t a =tuit\s comb9ation ( ridges1 ?\gh x has all ! appe>ance ( a modifi$ r+-pla94 ,on ! ,m>e1 "s di/ance ,n4,e4 ( ! =mation1 is a gr\p ( ?ree r+-pla9s1 ) two small crat]s 7associat$ ) a ridge7 on ! ,n4 ( !m4 ,two ( ! m we/]ly ( ^! objects h prom95t c5tral m\nta9s1 & ! ?ird a v d>k int]ior4 ,at lea/ ?ree bright /reaks orig9ate on ! ,e4 flank ( ,langr5us1 :i*1 div]g+ widely1 trav]se ! ,m>e ,foecunditatis4 ,,flatt5+s ,,on ,,! ,,moon',s ,,we/]n ,,limb4--,ab\t ?irty ye>s ago1 ! ,rev4 ,h5ry ,coop] ,key drew att5tion to c]ta9 flatt5+s :i* he _h not$ on ! ,w4 limb1 :i* are v app>5t "u fav\rable conditions ( libration4 ,_! position _c be closely def9$1 b ! pr9cipal deviation f circul>ity ext5ds f ab\t ,s4 lat4 #aj deg4 to ! region on ! limb opposite ! ,s4 bord] ( ! ,m>e ,crisium4 ,,v5del9us4--,! second great enclosure p]ta9+ to ! m]idional *a9--a magnific5t wall$-pla9 ( ab\t ! same dim5sions z ! la/4 ,x is b\nd$ by a v irregul> ramp>t1 :i*1 "u ev5+ illum9ation1 is especially notewor?y1 ?\gh n[h]e approa*+ ! altitude ( t ( ,langr5us4 ,its cont9uity on ! ,w4 is brok5 by ! great r+-pla9 ,v5del9us ,c1 ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]1 a =mation resembl+ ,langr5us 9 m9iature4 ,?is is hexagonal 9 %ape1 & has _m r+s & depressions on its ,w4 wall4 ,s\? ( ,v5del9us ,c1 ! wall ( ,v5del9us runs up 9 a bold curve to ! f9e t]rac$ r+- pla9 ,v5del9us ,b1 & is surm\nt$ by a bright s]p5t9e cre/1 & trav]s$ by sev]al valleys runn+ d[n ! slope to ! floor4 ,b has a small crat] on its ,n4 wall1 & ano!r 9 ! int]ior4 ,!re is a wide gap 9 ! ,s4 bord] ( ,v5del9us1 :i* is p>tially occupi$ by ano!r some:at small] r+-pla91 b\nd$ by a s\!rly ext5sion ( ! ,e4 wall1 :i* includes on its out] slope _m crat]s & o!r depressions1 & abuts ne> its ,n4 end on ! l>ge r+-pla9 ,v5del9us ,a1 :i* has a prom95tly t]rac$ wall & a l>ge bright c5tral m\nta94 ,betwe5 ,a & ,c ext5ds a plateau t may be reg>d$ z ! ,n4 limit ( ! =mation1 includ+1 among o!r m9or details1 a f9e cleft1 :i* trav]ses x f ,n4 to ,s41 & ultimately ext5ds to a gr\p ( crat]s on ! floor4 ,on ! ,s4 side ( ! int]ior is "o l>ge r+-pla91 flank$ on ! ,w4 by two small crat]s4 ,ne> ! ,n4 end are _m bright little crat]s1 _m ( !m unrecord$4 ,v5del9us ,c is bord]$ on ! ,e4 by two l>ge semicircul> =mations ) l[ walls ext5d+ on to ! floor4 ,mr4 ,w4,h4 ,maw & o!rs h detect$ _m m9ute depressions 9 connection ) ^! curi\s objects2 & ,n4 ( !m1 on ! out] slope ( ,c1 :]e x runs out to ! level ( ! plateau1 ,i h se5 ! surface at sunset riddl$ l a sieve ) crat]lets & little pits4 ,!re is an irregul> r+-pla9 ,n4 ( ,a1 ) l9e> walls1 & ano!r1 mu* small] & bright]1 on ! ,n4 ( ?is1 /&+ a little beyond ! ,n4 limits ( ,langr5us4 ,,la ,,peyr\se4--,a mu* =e%ort5$ wall$-pla91 #da miles 9 diamet]1 close to ! limb1 ,s4,w4 ( ,langr5us4 ,!re is a longitud9al ridge on ! floor4 ,betwe5 x & ,langr5us are two l>ge r+-pla9s ) c5tral m\nta9s1 & on ! ,n4,e41 ,la ,peyr\se ,a1 a bright crat]1 adjo9+ :i* is ,la ,peyr\se ,,delta1 "o ( ! mo/ brilliant spots on ! moon4 ,,ansg>ius4--,a r+-pla91 #ej miles 9 diamet]1 /ill ne>] to ! limb ?an ! la/4 ,,behaim4--,a great r+-pla91 #fe miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4 ( ,ansg>ius1 & connect$ ) x by ridges4 ,x has l(ty walls & a c5tral m\nta94 ,,hecataeus4--,an imm5se wall$-pla91 #aae miles 9 l5g?1 on ! ,s4,w4 ( ,v5del9us1 ) a v irregul> ramp>t & a conspicu\s c5tral m\nta94 ,x is flank$ ,e4 & ,w4 by o!r l>ge enclosures1 :i* c only be se5 to advantage :5 libration is fav\rable4 ,w4 ,,humboldt4--,?\gh close to ! limb1 ?is enorm\s wall-surr\nd$ pla91 "s #acj miles 9 extreme l5g?1 & e/imat$ to h an area ( #ab1jjj squ>e miles1 is well wor? obs]v+ "u suitable conditions4 ,x ranks among ! l>ge/ =mations ( its class1 & 9 _m respects resembles ,bailly on ! ,s4,e4 limb4 ,at "o po9t on ! ,e4 a peak rises to #af1jjj feet1 & on ! opposite side !re are peaks ne>ly z high4 ,! floor conta9s "s detail--a crat]1 ne>ly c5tral1 associat$ ) ridges1 & two d>k spots1 "o at ! ,s4 & ! o!r at ! ,n4 end4 ,,phillips4--,abuts on ! ,e4 side ( ,w4 ,humboldt4 ,x is a wall$-pla91 ab\t #hj miles 9 l5g?1 ) a bord] mu* brok5 on ! ,e41 & t]rac$ )9 on ! opposite side4 ,!re are _m hills & ridges on ! floor4 ,,leg5dre4--,a f9e r+-pla91 #df miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,e4 ( ! la/4 ,accord+ to ,s*midt1 !re is a crat] on ! ,s4 side ( ! floor4 ,!re is a small r+-pla91 ,,adams1 on ! ,s4 ,,petavius4--,! ?ird memb] ( ! great m]idional *a93 a noble wall$-pla91 ) a complex ramp>t1 ext5d+ ne>ly #ajj miles f ,n4 to ,s41 :i* encloses a v rugg$ convex floor1 trav]s$ by _m %all[ valleys1 & includes a massive c5tral m\nta9 & "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable clefts on ! visible surface4 ,to obs]ve ^! features to ! be/ advantage1 ! =mation %\ld be view$ :5 its ,w4 wall is on ! ev5+ t]m9ator4 ,at ?is phase a consid]able portion ( ! int]ior on ! ,n4 is obscur$ by ! %ad[ ( ! ramp>t1 b ! pr9cipal features on ! ,s4 half ( ! floor1 & on ! broad g5tly- %elv+ slope ( ! ,w4 wall1 are se5 bett] ?an "u any o!r conditions4 ,! bord] is l(tie/ on ! ,e41 :]e ! r+-pla9 ,wrottesley abuts on x4 ,x rises at ?is po9t to ne>ly #aa1jjj feet1 :ile on ! opposite side x n[h]e greatly exce$s #fjjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,! t]races1 h[ev]1 on ! ,w4 are mu* m num]\s1 &1 ) ! associat$ valleys1 r5d] ?is section ( ! wall "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ objects ( its class4 ,! ,n4 bord] is conspicu\sly brok5 by ! _m valleys f ! region ,s4 ( ,v5del9us1 :i* run up to & trav]se x4 ,on ! ,s41 also1 x is int]sect$ by gaps1 & 9 "o place int]rupt$ by a l>ge crat]4 ,!re is a rem>kable bifurcation ( ! bord] ,s4 ( ,wrottesley4 ,a l[] section sep>ates f ! ma9 ramp>t &1 ext5d+ to a consid]able di/ance ,s4,e4 ( x1 encloses a wide & comp>atively level area :i* is cross$ by two %ort clefts4 ,! c5tral m\nta9s ( ,petavius1 ris+ at "o peak to a height ( ne>ly #fjjj feet above ! floor1 =m a noble gr\p1 exce$+ 9 height ^? 9 ,gass5di by m ?an #bjjj feet4 ,! convexity ( ! int]ior is su* t ! c5tre ( x is ab\t #hjj feet high] ?an ! m>g91 "u ! walls2 a protub]ance :i* w\ld1 nev]!less1 be sc>cely rem>k$ 9 situ1 z x repres5ts no /eep] gradi5t ?an ab\t #a 9 #cjj on any portion ( its sup]ficies4 ,! great cleft1 ext5d+ f ! c5tral m\nta9s to ! ,s4,e4 wall1 & p]haps beyond1 0 discov]$ by ,s*rot] on ,septemb] #af1 #aghh1 & c be se5 9 a #b in* a*romatic4 ,9 l>g] in/rum5ts x is f\nd to be 9 places bord]$ by rais$ banks4 ,,wrottesley4--,a =mation1 ab\t #be miles 9 diamet]1 closely associat$ ) ! ,e4 wall ( ,petavius1 ! %ape ( :i* x has cle>ly modifi$4 ,its bord] on ! ,e41 ( ! l9e> type1 rises ne>ly #ijjj feet above a light int]ior1 :]e !re is a small bright c5tral m\nta9 & "s m\nds4 ,!re is a prom95t valley runn+ along ! inn] slope ( ! ,w4 wall4 ,,palitzs*4--,if ?is extraord9>y =mation is obs]v$ :5 ! moon is ab\t ?ree days old1 x resembles a great tr\gh1 or deep elongat$ gorge flank+ ! ,w4 wall ( ,petavius1 ?\gh x is a true r+-pla91 albeit ( a v abnormal type1 ab\t #fj miles 9 l5g? & #bj miles 9 bread?1 ) a some:at dusky int]ior4 ,on ! out] slope ( its ,w4 wall is a bright r+-pla9 ) a l(ty bord] & a c5tral m\nta94 ,,hase4--,an irregul> =mation1 ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,w4 ( ,petavius1 ) :i* x is connect$ by ext5sions ( ! ,w4 & ,e4 walls ( ! latt]4 ,its ramp>t1 "s #gjjj feet above ! floor1 is brok5 by depressions on ! ,w42 & on ! ,s4 is b\nd$ by a small] r+-pla9 ) /ill l(ti] walls4 ,s*midt %[s a l>ge crat] & ?ree small] ones on ! ,w4 side ( ! floor4 ,,m>9us4--,a r+-pla9 on ! ,n4,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,au/rale1 betwe5 ,furn]ius & ! limb4 ,,furn]ius4--,! f\r? & mo/ s\!rly compon5t ( ! great m]idional *a9 ( wall$-pla9s1 comm5c+ on ! ,n4 ) ,langr5us3 a f9e b irregul> enclosure1 ab\t #hj miles 9 extreme l5g? & mu* m 9 bread?4 ,its ramp>t is v l(ty1 & tol]ably cont9u\s on ! ,n4 & ,w41 b on ! o!r sides is int]rupt$ by small crat]s & depressions4 ,at peaks on ! ,e4 x atta9s a height ( m ?an #aa1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 & !re are o!r peaks ris+ ne>ly z high4 ,!re is a r+-pla9 7,furn]ius ,b7 ) a c5tral hill1 on ! ,e4 side ( ! floor1 & num]\s crat]s & crat]-pits 9 o!r p>ts ( x4 ,on ! ,n4,w4 side ( ,b !re is a %ort cleft1 on ! ,w41 a well-m>k$ crat]-r[1 & on ! ,e4 a long rill-valley4 ,! v brilliant crat] 7,furn]ius ,a7 on ! ,n4,e4 glacis is ! orig9 ( two f9e light /reaks1 "o ext5d+ ,s4 = m ?an #ajj miles1 & ! o!r 9 ! opposite direction = a great di/ance4 ,,fraunh(]4--,a r+-pla91 ,s4 ( ,furn]ius1 ab\t #cj miles 9 diamet]1 ) a regul> bord] ris+ ab\t #ejjj feet above ! floor4 ,a small] r+-pla9 abuts on ! ,n4,e4 side ( x1 :i* has slightly di/urb$ its wall4 ,,ok54--,a l>ge enclosure 9 ,s4 lat4 #dc deg4 ) brok5 irregul> walls4 ,x is too ne> ! limb = obs]vation4 ,,vega4--,s*midt repres5ts ?is peculi> =mation1 situat$ ,s4,e4 ( ,ok51 z hav+ a regul> curv$ unbrok5 ramp>t on ! ,e41 :ile ! opposite bord] is occupi$ by f\r l>ge p>tially ov]lapp+ r+-pla9s1 two ( :i* conta9 small crat]s4 ,! floor is devoid ( detail4 ,,pontec\lant4--,a great irregul> wall$ pla91 ab\t #ajj miles 9 l5g?1 ne> ! ,s4,w4 limb1 ) a bord] ris+ 9 places to a height ( #fjjj feet above ! floor4 ,,hanno4--,a small] & m regul> enclosure1 adjo9+ ,pontec\lant on ! ,n4,w41 & /ill ne>] ! limb4 ,,we/ ,,longitude #fj deg4 ,,to #dj deg4 ,,messi]4--,! m we/]ly ( a rem>kable pair ( bright crat]s1 ab\t #i miles 9 diamet]1 /&+ 9 an isolat$ position 9 ! ,m>e ,foecunditatis j ,s4 ( ! ,equator4 ,madl] repres5ts !m z simil> 9 e respect1 b ,webb1 obs]v+ !m 9 #ahee & #ahef ) a #c #g_/aj a*romatic1 f\nd !m v di/9ctly diff]5t1--,messi]1 ! m we/]ly1 be+ n only cle>ly small] ?an its companion1 b long] f ,w4 to ,e4 ?an f ,n4 to ,s41 z x und\bt$ly is at ! pres5t "t4 ,messi] ,a1 h[ev]1 z ! companion is t]m$1 ?\gh l>g]1 is c]ta9ly n circul>1 z sometimes %[n1 b triangul> ) curv$ sides4 ,x is j possible t *ange may h occurr$ "h1 = ,madl] c>efully obs]v$ ^! objects m ?an ?ree hundr$ times1 &1 x may be presum$1 "u v diff]5t phases4 ,messi] ,a is ! orig9 ( two slightly div]g5t light /reaks1 resembl+ a comet's tail1 :i* ext5d ov] ! ,m>e t[>ds its ,e4 bord] ,n4 ( ,lubbock1 & are cross$ obliquely by a n>r[] /reak4 ,messi] & ,messi] ,a /& ne> ! ,s4 & n>r[e/ end ( a tap]+ curv$ light area4 ,!re is a numb] ( crat]lets & m9ute pits 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & "u a high light two r\nd dusky spots are traceable 9 connection ) ! comet m>k+1 "o j beyond its nor!rn1 & ! o!r beyond its s\!rn bord]1 ne> its ,e4 extremity4 ,,lubbock4--,a brilliant little crat]1 ab\t #d or #e miles 9 diamet]1 ne> ! ,e4 coa/-l9e ( ! ,m>e ,foecunditatis4 ,! region ,e4 ( ?is object is p>ticul>ly well wor?y ( scrut9y "u a l[ sun1 on acc\nt ( ! v>iety ( detail x includes4 ,on ! ,s4,e4 run ?ree f9e p>allel clefts1 orig9at+ ne> ! ,n4 end ( ! ,pyr5ees4 ,,guttemb]g4--,a v f9e r+-pla9 ( peculi> %ape1 ab\t #de miles 9 wid?1 ) a l(ty wall1 brok5 on ! ,n4,w4 by ano!r r+-pla9 "s #ad miles 9 diamet]1 & on ! ,s4,e4 by a small b di/9ct crat]4 ,! bord] pres5ts a wide op5+ t[>ds ! ,s41 :i* is trav]s$ by a numb] ( longitud9al valleys1 bo? ! ,e4 & ,w4 sections ( ! wall be+ prolong$ 9 ?is direction4 ,a f9e crat]-r[ runs r\nd ! out] slope ( ! ,e4 wall1 f ! crat] j m5tion$ to ! ,n4 side ( ! =mation4 ,x is be/ se5 :5 ! ,w4 wall is on ! ev5+ t]m9ator4 ,!re is also a broad valley on ! ,s4 prolongation ( ! ,w4 wall4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is bright b n l>ge4 ,a cleft crosses ! ,n4,w4 side ( ! floor4 ,nor? ( ,guttemb]g !re is a curi\s oblong =mation ) l[ walls1 connect$ ) ! ,n4,e4 bord] by a ridge1 & ) ! ,n4 bord] by a rem>kable r[ ( depressions1 situat$ on a m\nd2 & beyond ?is object on ! ,e4 are ?ree p>allel clefts runn+ t[>ds ! ,n4,e4 ,on ! ,w4 w be f\nd "s ( ! clefts belong+ to ! ,gocl5ius rill-sy/em4 ,9 ! rugg$ region ,s4,e4 ( ! =mation is a peculi> l[ r+ ) a v unev5 floor & a l>ge c5tral hill4 ,! ,e4 wall ( ,guttemb]g may be reg>d$ z =m+ a portion ( ! ,pyr5ees ,m\nta9s4 ,,gocl5ius4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #bh miles 9 diamet]1 be>+ mu* resemblance to ,pl9ius 9 =m & size1 &1 l ?is =mation1 associat$ ) a f9e sy/em ( clefts4 ,! l(ty ramp>t1 tol]ably cont9u\s on ! ,w41 is brok5 on ! ,s4,w4 by a bright crat]1 & on ! ,n4,w4 by a rem>kable triangul> depression4 ,x is also trav]s$ by a delicate valley ext5d+ f ! crat] on ! ,s4,w4 to ano!r on ! ,n4,w4 bord]2 & at a po9t a little ,w4 ( ! fir/ crat] is dislocat$ by an intrusive mass ( rock4 ,!re are sev]al gaps on ! ,e4 & _m spurs & irregul>ities 9 outl9e bo? )9 & )\t4 ,a great portion ( ! ,n4 wall is l9e>1 & jo9s ! ,e4 section ne>ly at "r angles4 ,we/ ( ! triangul> depression x appe>s to be p>tially wreck$1 indications ( ! de/ruction be+ v evid5t if x be obs]v$ :5 ! ,e4 wall is ne> ! morn+ t]m9ator4 ,! small bright c5tral m\nta9 is rem>kable = its curi\s oblong %ad[4 ,two clefts trav]se ! int]ior ( ,gocl5ius4 7#a7 ,orig9ates at ! ,s4 wall1 ,e4 ( ! crat]1 & runs ,e4 ( ! c5tral m\nta9 to ! ,n4 wall2 7#b7 crosses ! debris ( ! ru9$ ,n4,w4 bord]1 runs p>allel to ! fir/1 & ext5ds ne>ly to ! c5tre ( ! floor1 7#a7 ,re-appe>s at ! foot ( a m\nd outside ! ,n4 wall1 &1 aft] cross+ ! out] ,w4 slope ( ! great r+-pla9 on ! ,n4,w4 wall ( ,guttemb]g1 runs to ! ,w4 side ( an oblong =mation ,n4 ( x4 ,!re are two o!r clefts1 closely p>allel & ,w4 ( ?is1 trav]s+ ! ,m>e1 & t]m9at+ among ! m\nta9s on ! ,n4,w4 ,^! are cross$ at "r angles by :at appe>s to be a fault1 runn+ 9 a ,n4,w4 direction f ! ,w4 side ( ,guttemb]g4 ,,macclure4--,"o ( a curi\s gr\p ( =mations situat$ 9 ! ,m>e ,foecunditatis "s di/ance ,s4,w4 ( ,gocl5ius4 ,x is a bright r+-pla91 ab\t #ae miles 9 diamet]1 ) a n>r[ gap 9 ! ,n4,e4 wall & a small c5tral hill4 ,a prom95t ridge runs up to ! ,n4 bord]2 & on ! ,s4,w4 a rill-valley may be trac$1 ext5d+ ,s4 to a bright deep little crat] ,w4 ( ,cook4 ,,crozi]4--,a conspicu\s r+-pla9 a few miles ,n4,n4,w4 ( ,mac,clure1 & ( ab\t ! same size4 ,x has a fa9t c5tral hill4 ,neison ref]s to two long /raight /reaks ext5d+ f ,crozi] t[>ds ,messi]4 ,,bellot4--,a brilliant little r+-pla9 ,n4,e4 ( ,crozi]4 ,,cook4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #be miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,foecunditatis 9 ,s4 lat4 #ag deg41 ) l[ & 7except on ! ,s4,e47 v n>r[ walls4 ,!re is a small circul> depression on ! ,s4 bord]1 & a prom95t crat] on ! ,w4 side ( ! d>k int]ior4 ,on ! ,s4,s4,e4 is ! curi\sly %ap$ enclosure ,cook d1 ) v bright broad l(ty walls & a f9e c5tral m\nta94 ,on ! pla9 ,w4 ( ,cook is a conspicu\s crat]-r[1 consi/+ ( six or sev5 crat]s1 dim9i%+ 9 size 9 bo? directions f ! c5tre4 ,,colombo4--,a f9e r+-pla91 ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ 9 ! highl&s sep>at+ ! ,m>e ,foecunditatis & ! ,m>e ,nect>is4 ,! wall1 ris+ at "o place to a height ( #hjjj feet above ! floor1 is v complicat$ & irregul>1 be+ trav]s$ )9 by _m t]races1 & almo/ ev]y:]e by cross-valleys4 ,its %ape is greatly di/ort$ by ! l>ge r+-pla9 a1 :i* abuts on its ,n4,e4 flank4 ,x loses its individuality altoge!r on ! ,s41 its place be+ occupi$ by two l>ge depressions1 & l(ty m\nta9s tr5d+ t[>ds ! ,s4,e4 ,9 ! c5tre !re are sev]al di/9ct bright elevations4 ,,magelha5s4--,! m nor!rly & ! l>g] ( a pair ( r+-pla9s betwe5 ,colombo & ,gocl5ius1 ) a bright & some:at irregul> ?\gh cont9u\s bord]4 ,! d>k int]ior includes a small c5tral m\nta94 ,its companion on ! ,s4,w41 ,magelha5s a1 slightly ov]laps x4 ,?is also has a c5tral hill1 & a crat] on ! out] slope ( its ,e4 wall4 ,,santbe*4--,a v prom95t r+-pla91 #df miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,foecunditatis1 ,w4 ( ,fraca/orius4 ,! cont9uity ( its f9e l(ty ramp>t is brok5 on ! ,w41 :]e x rises ne>ly #aj1jjj feet above ! floor1 by a brilliant little crat] j bel[ ! cre/1 & by a n>r[ gap on ! ,s4 ,! wall on ! ,e4 t[]s to a height ( #ae1jjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,on its broad out] slope1 ne> ! summit1 !re is a f9e crat]1 & ,s4 ( ?is runn+ obliquely d[n ! slope a di/9ct valley4 ,on ! ,n4,e41 :]e ! glacis runs d[n to ! level ( ! surr\nd+ pla91 !re is a l>ge crat]i=m object ) a brok5 ,n4 bord]1 & a small crat] opposite ! op5+4 ,a long co>se valley runs f ?is latt] object 9 a ,n4,e4 direction to ! region ,w4 ( ,bohn5b]g]4 ,santbe* conta9s a prom95t c5tral peak4 ,,biot4--,a brilliant little r+-pla91 sc>cely m ?an #g miles 9 diamet]1 /&+ 9 an isolat$ position 9 ! ,m>e ,foecunditatis ,n4,e4 ( ,wrottesley4 ,!re is a numb] ( bright /reaks 9 its neighb\rhood2 & a few miles ,e4 ( x1 9 ! hilly region ,w4 ( ,santbe*1 ano!r conspicu\s crat] ( ab\t ! same size4 ,,borda4--,a r+-pla9 ab\t #be miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4,s4,w4 ( ,santbe*1 ) a ramp>t l[ on ! ,n4 & ,s41 b else:]e ( consid]able height1 & a v conspicu\s c5tral m\nta94 ,a wide deep valley flank$ by l(ty m\nta9s ext5ds f ! ,n4 wall = _m miles t[>ds ! ,n4,w4 ,x is an especially notewor?y object :5 ! ,w4 wall ( ,santbe* is on ! ev5+ t]m9ator1 z its some:at w9d+ c\rse1 indicat$ by ! bright summit-ridges ( ! bord]+ m\nta9s1 c be foll[$ "s h\rs be=e ei!r ! int]ior ( ! valley or ! region betwe5 x & ,santbe* are 9 sunlight4 ,among ! m\nta9s ,w4 ( ,borda !re is a peak m ?an #aa1jjj feet 9 height4 ,,snellius4--,a v f9e r+-pla91 #ej miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4,e4 ( ,petavius1 ) t]rac$ walls1 consid]ably brok5 on ! ,s4,e4 by crat]s1 c4 ,x rises on ! ,e4 ne>ly #gjjj feet above a d>k floor1 :i* conta9s a c5tral m\nta94 ,n4,e4 ( ,snellius is a small] r+- pla9 7,snellius a71 & due ,e4 a curi\s r\gh plateau1 bord]$ on ! ,n4 & ,s4 by a numb] ( small crat]s4 ,,/ev9us4--,a some:at l>g] r+-pla91 ,s4 ( ,snellius1 ) a bord] ris+ on ! ,s4 to m ?an #aa1jjj feet above a d>k int]ior1 :i* includes a bright c5tral m\nta94 ,,rei*5ba*4--,a v abnormally-%ap$ r+-pla91 ab\t #cj miles 9 diamet]1 ) a ramp>t ne>ly #ab1jjj feet high4 ,! bord] is brok5 on ! ,w41 ,s41 & ,e4 by crat]s & depressions1 & on ! ,n4 is flank$ by two ov]lapp+ r+-pla9s1 a & b4 ,on ! ,s4,w4 lies a magnific5t s]p5t9e valley1 fully #ajj miles 9 l5g? & ab\t #ab miles 9 bread? at ! ,n4 end1 b gradually dim9i%+ z x runs s\?w>ds1 till x rea*es a depression ,n4 ( ,rheita1 :]e x t]m9ates3 "h is sc>cely m ?an #d miles wide4 ,,rheita4--,a =mation1 ab\t #ce miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4 ( ,rei*5ba*1 ) regul> l(ty walls1 ris+ at a peak on ! ,n4,e4 to a height ( m ?an #ad1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 on :i* !re is a small b prom95t c5tral m\nta91 a small] elevation ,w4 ( ! c5tre1 & two adjo9+ crat]s at ! foot ( ! ,s4 wall4 ,on ! ,e4 orig9ates ano!r f9e valley1 v simil> to t already m5tion$ 9 connection ) ,rei*5ba*4 ,x runs 9 a ,s4,s4,w4 direction1 is ab\t #ajj miles 9 l5g?1 &1 9 its wide/ "p1 is ab\t #ab miles across4 ,l ! ,rei*5ba* valley1 x t]m9ates at a small crat]-l object1 :i* has a bord] brok5 d[n on ! side fac+ ! valley1 & a small c5tral hill4 ,ab\t midway betwe5 its extremities1 ?is great gorge is cross$ by a wall ( rock1 l a n>r[ bridge4 ,,janss54--,an imm5se irregul> enclosure1 rem9d+ "o ( ! v simil> area1 bord]$ by ,walt]1 ,lexell1 ,hell1 c41 9 ! ?ird quadrant4 ,x ext5ds ab\t #aej miles f ,e4 to ,w41 & m ?an #ajj f ,n4 to ,s41 its limits on ! ,n4 be+ r indef9ite4 ,its v rugg$ humpy surface includes "o great c5tral m\nta91 & innum]able m9or hills & ridges1 crat]s1 & crat]-pits2 b ! pr9cipal feature is ! magnific5t curv$ rill-valley runn+ f ! ,s4 side ( ,fabricius across ! r\gh expanse to ! ,s4 side4 ,?is f9e object1 v co>se on ! ,n41 passes ! c5tral m\nta9 on ! ,e4 side1 & becomes gradually n>r[] z x approa*es ! bord]2 be=e rea*+ :i*1 ano!r f9] cleft bran*es f x on ! ,w41 & also runs to ! ,s4 side ( ! pla94 ,,locky]4--,a prom95t deep r+-pla91 #cb miles 9 diamet]1 ) massive bright l(ty walls1 /&+ j outside ! ,s4,e4 bord] ( ,janss54 ,s*midt %[s a m9ute crat] on ! ,s4 rim4 ,i h se5 a crat] )91 at ! inn] foot ( ! ,w4 wall1 & a c5tral peak4 ,,fabricius4--,a r+-pla91 #ee miles 9 diamet]1 ) a l(ty t]rac$ bord]1 ris+ on ! ,s4,w4 to a height ( ne>ly #aj1jjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,x is p>tially includ$ by ! ramp>t ( ,janss51 & ! great rill-valley on ! floor ( ! latt] appe>s to cut ?r\gh its ,s4 wall4 ,!re is a long c5tral m\nta9 on ! floor1 ) a prom95t ridge ext5d+ along ! ,e4 side ( x4 ,w4 ( ,fabricius 7betwe5 x & ! bord] ( ,janss57 lies a v irregul> enclosure1 ) ?ree di/9ct crat]s )9 x2 & on ! ,e41 runn+ f ! wall to ! ,e4 side ( ,janss51 is a /raight n>r[ valley4 ,bo? ,fabricius & ,janss5 %\ld be view$ "u a l[ morn+ sun4 ,,/e9heil4--,a d\ble r+-pla91 ,w4 ( ,janss51 #bg miles 9 diamet]4 ,! m ea/]ly =mation s9ks to a dep? ( ne>ly #ab1jjj feet bel[ ! summit ( ! bord]4 ,,metius4--,?is r+-pla91 ( ab\t ! same size z ,fabricius1 b ) a /ill l(ti] b>ri]1 abuts on ! ,n4 wall ( ?is =mation1 & has caus$ a v obvi\s de=mation 9 its cont\r4 ,x is prom95tly t]rac$ int]nally1 & on ! ,w4 ! wall rises at "o peak to a height ( #ac1jjj feet above ! floor1 :i* conta9s a deep crat] on ! ,w4 ( ! c5tre1 & _m ridges4 ,,biela4--,a consid]able r+-pla91 ab\t #ee miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4,w4 ( ,janss51 ) a wall brok5 on ! ,n4,w41 ,s41 & ,e4 by r+s & l>ge enclosures4 ,!re is a c5tral m\nta91 b app>5tly no o!r details on ! floor4 ,,ros5b]g]4--,?is =mation1 ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]1 is "o ( ! rem>kable gr\p ( l>ge r+s to :i* ,vlacq1 ,hommel1 ,pitiscus1 c41 belong4 ,its walls1 ?\gh ( only mod]ate altitude1 are di/9ctly t]rac$4 ,9 addition to a prom95t c5tral m\nta9 7,e4 ( :i* ,s*midt %[s two crat]s71 !re is a l>ge crat] on ! ,s4 side ( ! floor1 & _m small] crat]s & crat]-pits4 ,,hagecius4--,! mo/ we/]ly memb] ( ! ,vlacq gr\p ( =mations4 ,x is situat$ on ! ,s4,w4 ( ,ros5b]g]1 & is ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]4 ,! ramp>t on ! ,e4 is cont9u\s & ( ! normal type1 b on ! opposite side is brok5 by a numb] ( small] r+s4 ,,we/ ,,longitude #dj deg4 ,,to #bj deg4 ,,c5sor9us4--,a brilliant little crat]1 ) v bright surr\nd+s1 9 ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis1 ne>ly on ! moon's equator1 9 ,w4 long4 #cb deg4 #bb m94 ,ano!r small] b less conspicu\s crat] adjo9s x on ! ,w4 ,on ! ,m>e to ! ,s4 ext5ds a delicate cleft :i* tr5ds t[>ds ! ,sab9e & ,ritt] rill sy/em4 ,,capella4--,=ms ) ,isodorus1 its companion on ! ,e4 7:i* x p>tially ov]laps71 a v notewor?y object4 ,x is ab\t #cj miles 9 diamet]1 ) f9ely t]rac$ walls1 brok5 on ! ,s4,w4 by broad intrusive rill-valleys4 ,! ramp>t on ! ,n4,e4 is also cut ?r\gh by a magnific5t valley1 :i* ext5ds = _m miles beyond ! limits ( ! =mation4 ,!re is a f9e c5tral m\nta91 on :i* ,m4 ,gaudib]t discov]$ a crat]1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* has be5 subsequ5tly v]ifi$ by ,pr(essor ,we9ek on a ,lick obs]vatory negative4 ,,isodorus4--,! ramp>t ( ?is f9e r+-pla91 :i* is ( ab\t ! same size z ,capella1 rises at a peak on ! ,w4 to a height ( m ?an #ac1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i*1 except a small bright crat] at ! foot ( ! ,e4 wall & a small] "o adjo9+ x on ! ,n41 conta9s no detail4 ,! region betwe5 ,isodorus & ! equator includes _m int]e/+ objects1 among !m ,isodorus b1 an irregul> =mation op5 t[>ds ! ,n41 & conta9+ sev]al crat]s4 ,,bohn5b]g]4--,a r+-pla9 ab\t #bb miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ on ! ,w4 side ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 "u ! precipit\s flanks ( ! ,pyr5ees1 ^: prom95t %ad[s p>tially conceal x = _m h\rs aft] sunrise4 ,! circul> bord] is comp>atively l[1 &1 except on ! ,n41 cont9u\s4 ,"h !re is a gap1 & on ! ,w4 ( x an intrusive mass ( rock4 ,f its v peculi> %ad[ at sunrise1 ! wall on ! ,e4 appe>s to be v irregul>4 ,! club-%ap$ c5tral m\nta9 is ( consid]able size1 b n conspicu\s4 ,s4 ( ,bohn5b]g] /&s ! v att5uat$ r+1 ,bohn5b]g] ,a4 ,x is ( ab\t ! same diamet]1 has a l>ge deep crat] on its ,n4 rim1 & a small] "o1 di/+ui%$ ) difficulty1 on its ,s4,e4 rim4 ,on ! ,n4 ( ,bohn5b]g] !re is a bright little r+-pla9 connect$ ) ! =mation by a l(ty ridge1 "u ! ,e4 flank ( :i* ,s*midt %[s a crat]-*a94 ,an especially f9e cleft orig9ates on ! ,e4 side ( ?is crat]1 :i*1 foll[+ an undulat+ c\rse ov] ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 t]m9ates at ,rosse1 ,n4 ( ,fraca/orius4 ,,torricelli4--,a rem>kable little =mation 9 ! ,m>e ,tranquilitatis1 ,n4 ( ,!ophilus1 consi/+ ( two unequal contigu\s crat]s rang+ f ,w4 to ,e41 ^: p>tition wall has ne>ly disappe>$1 s t1 "u a l[ sun1 :5 ! int]ior ( bo? is fill$ ) %ad[1 ! pair resemble ! head ( a javel94 ,! l>g]1 we/]n1 r+ is ab\t #aj miles 9 diamet]1 & ! o!r ab\t half ?is size4 ,!re is a gap 9 ! ,w4 wall ( ! fir/1 & a long spur project+ f its ,s4 side2 & a m9ute crat] on ! ,s4 bord] ( ! small] object4 ,torricelli is p>tially enclos$ on ! ,s4 by a circul> arrangem5t ( ridges4 ,!re is a delicate cleft runn+ 9 a m]idional direction on ! ,m>e1 ,e4 ( ! =mation1 & ano!r on ! ,n41 runn+ f ,w4 to ,e4 ,,hypatia4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #cj miles 9 extreme l5g?1 ( v abnormal %ape1 on ! ,e4 side ( ! ,m>e1 ,n4,n4,e4 ( ,!ophilus1 ) a wall ris+ at a peak on ! ,e4 to a height ( m ?an #gjjj feet above a dusky floor1 :i* does n app>5tly conta9 any detail4 ,a small crat] breaks ! uni=mity ( ! bord] on ! ,w4 ,beyond ! wall on ! ,s4,e4 lies ! f9e bright crat] ,hypatia ,a1 ) ano!r less prom95t adjo9+ x on ! ,s4,w4 ,,!ophilus4--,! mo/ nor!rly ( ?ree ( ! noble/ r+-m\nta9s on ! visible surface ( ! moon1 situat$ on ! ,n4,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is4 ,x is ne>ly #fd miles 9 diamet]1 & is enclos$ by a mighty ramp>t t[]+ above ! floor at "o peak on ! ,w4 to ! height ( #ah1jjj feet1 & at two o!r peaks on ! opposite side to ne>ly #af1jjj & #ad1jjj4 ,! bord]1 ?\gh appe>+ ne>ly circul> ) l[ p[]s1 is se51 "u great] magnification1 to be made up ( sev]al m or less l9e> sections1 :i* give x a polygonal outl9e4 ,x is prom95tly t]rac$ )91 ! l(ti] t]races on ! ,w4 ris+ ne>ly to ! height ( ! cre/ ( ! wall1 & includ+ sev]al crat]s & elongat$ depressions4 ,on ! ,w4 glacis is a r[ ( l>ge inosculat+ crat]s2 & ne> its foot1 ,s4,e4 ( ,madl]1 a %ort unrecord$ rill- valley4 ,! magnific5t bright c5tral m\nta9 is compos$ ( _m di/9ct masses surm\nt$ by l(ty peaks1 "o ( :i* is ab\t #fjjj feet above ! floor1 & cov]s an area ( at lea/ #cjj squ>e miles4 ,except a di/9ct crat] on ! ,s4,w4 qu>t]1 ?is appe>s to be ! only object )9 ! r+4 ,,cyrillus4--,! massive bord] ( ,!ophilus p>tially ov]laps ! ,n4,w4 side ( ?is great wall$-pla91 :i* is ev5 m complex ?an t ( its neighb\r1 & f> m irregul> 9 =m1 exhibit+ _m l9e> sections4 ,its cre/ on ! ,s4,e4 is cle>ly inflect$ t[>ds ! int]ior1 a peculi>ity t has already be5 notic$ 9 connection ) ,cop]nicus & "s o!r objects4 ,on ! inn] slope ( ?is wall !re is a l>ge bright crat]1 9 connection ) :i* h be5 detect$ two delicate rills ext5d+ to ! summit4 ,i h n se5 ^!1 b "o ( ! crat]-r[s %[n by ,s*midt1 betwe5 ?is crat] & ! cre/1 has (t5 be5 not$4 ,! ,n4,e4 wall is v rem>kable4 ,x appe>s to be p>tially wreck$4 ,if obs]v$ at an e>ly /age ( sunrise1 a great numb] ( undulat+ ridges & r[s ( hillocks w be se5 cross+ ! region ,e4 ( ,!ophilus4 ,!y resemble a consolidat$ /ream ( ropy lava :i* has fl[$ ?r\gh & ov] ! wall & d[n ! glacis4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! ridges )9 ,cyrillus is v notewor?y1 z is also ! triple m\nta9 ne> ! c5tre ( ! floor4 ,! f9e curv$ cleft !reon trav]ses ! ,w4 side1 sweep+ r\nd ! c5tral m\nta9s1 & !n turn+ to ! s\?4 ,i h only occasionally se5 x 9 its entirety4 ,!re are also two oblong d>k pat*es on ! ,s4 side ( ! int]ior4 ,! ,s4 wall ( ,cyrillus is brok5 by a n>r[ pass op5+ out into a valley situat$ on ! plateau :i* b\nds ! ,w4 side ( ! oblong =mation ly+ betwe5 x & ,ca!r9a1 & ov]look+ a curi\s %all[ squ>e-%ap$ enclosure abutt+ on ! ,s4,w4 side ( ,cyrillus4 ,,ca!r9a4--,! l>ge/ ( ! ?ree great =mations3 a r+-pla9 ) a v irregul> outl9e1 ext5d+ m ?an #gj miles 9 a m]idional direction1 & ( /ill great] wid?4 ,! wall is comp>atively n>r[ & l[ on ! ,n4,e4 7#hjjj feet above ! floor71 b on ! ,n4,w4 x rises to m ?an d\ble ?is height1 & is brok5 by "s l>ge depressions4 ,! inn] slope on ! ,s4,e4 is v g5tle1 & includes two bright crat]s1 b exhibits only slight indications ( t]races4 ,! mo/ rem>kable features on an o!rwise ev5 int]ior are ! l>ge l[ n>r[ r+ 7) a crat] )9 x71 occupy+ fully a ?ird ( ! area ( ! floor1 & a l>ge r+-pla9 on ! ,s4 side4 ,,madl]4--,! int]e/ atta*+ to ?is =mation is n to be measur$ by its size1 = x is only ab\t #bj miles 9 diamet]1 b by ! rem>kable "* ( its surr\nd+s4 ,its bright regul> wall1 ris+ #fjjj feet on ! ,e4 & only ab\t half z mu* on ! ,w41 above a r d>k int]ior1 is ev]y:]e cont9u\s1 except at "o place on ! ,n4 ,"h !re is a n>r[ gap 7flank$ on ! ,e4 by a some:at obscure little crat]7 ?r\gh :i* a curi\s b5t ridge com+ up f ! ,n4 passes1 &1 ext5d+ on to ! floor1 exp&s into some?+ resembl+ a c5tral m\nta94 ,"u a high sun ,madl] has a v peculi> appe>ance4 ,! l(ty ,e4 wall is b>ely p]ceptible1 :ile ! mu* l[] ,w4 bord] is conspicu\sly brilliant2 & ! ,e4 half ( ! floor is d>k1 :ile ! rema9d]1 ) two objects repres5t+ ! l(ti] portions ( ! intrusive ridge1 is prom95tly :ite4 ,"u an ev5+ sun1 ) ! t]m9ator ly+ "s di/ance to ! ,w41 a v rem>kable obscure r+ ) a l[ bord]1 a valley runn+ r\nd x on ! ,w4 side1 & two l>ge c5tral m\nds1 may be easily trac$4 ,?is object is connect$ ) ,madl] by :at appe>s to be "u a high] sun a bright elb[-%ap$ m>k+1 9 connection ) :i* ,i h (t5 suspect$ a delicate cleft4 ,betwe5 ! obtuse-angl$ b5d ( ?is object & ! ,w4 wall ( ,madl]1 two l>ge circul> d>k spots may be se5 "u a high sun2 & on ! surface ( ! ,m>e ,n4 ( x1 a great numb] ( delicate :ite spots4 ,,beaumont4--,a r+-pla9 ab\t #cj miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 midway betwe5 ,!ophilus & ,fraca/orius1 ) ! ,n4,e4 side ( :i* x is connect$ by a *a9 ( l>ge depressions4 ,its bord] is l(ty1 regul>1 & cont9u\s on ! ,s4 & ,e41 b on ! ,w4 x is l[1 & on ! ,n4 s9ks to su* a v inconsid]able height t x is (t5 sc>cely traceable4 ,x exhibits two breaks on ! ,s4,w41 ?r\gh "o ( :i* passes a co>se valley t ultimately runs on ! ,e4 side ( ! depressions j ref]r$ to4 ,! int]ior is pitt$ ) _m crat]s1 "o on ! ,w4 side be+ %all[ b ( consid]able size4 ,i once c\nt$ tw5ty ) a #d in* ,cooke a*romatic1 & ,dr4 ,%eldon ( ,macclesfield subsequ5tly not$ _m m4 ,a ridge1 prom95t "u oblique light1 foll[s a w9d+ c\rse f ! ,n4,w4 side ( ,beaumont to ! ,w4 side ( ,!ophilus1 & !re is ano!r l[] ridge ,e4 ( x4 ,betwe5 !m is includ$ a region cov]$ ) m9ute hillocks & asp]ities4 ,among ^! objects are c]ta9 dusky little crat]-cones1 :i* ,dr4 ,kle9 ( ,cologne reg>ds z true analogues ( "s t]re/rial volcanoes4 ,!y are v simil> 9 "* to ^?1 already allud$ to1 9 ! dusky area betwe5 ,cop]nicus & ,gamb>t4 ,,kant4--,a conspicu\s r+-pla91 #bc miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ 9 a m\nta9\s di/rict ,e4 ( ,!ophilus1 ) l(ty t]rac$ walls & a bright c5tral peak4 ,adjo9+ x on ! ,w4 is a m\nta9 mass1 project+ f ! coa/-l9e ( ! ,m>e1 on :i* !re is a peak ris+ to m ?an #ad1jjj feet above ! surface4 ,,fraca/orius4--,?is great bay or inflexion at ! extreme ,s4 end ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 ab\t #fj miles 9 diamet]1 is "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ sugge/ive examples ( a p>tially de/roy$ =mation to be f\nd on ! visible surface4 ,! ,w4 section ( ! ramp>t is practically complete & unbrok51 ris+ at "o peak to a height ( #fjjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,x is v broad at its ,s4 end1 & its inn] slope desc5ds ) a g5tle gradi5t to ! floor4 ,t[>ds ! ,n41 h[ev]1 x rapidly decreases 9 wid?1 b app>5tly n 9 altitude1 till ne> its bright po9t$ ,n4 extremity4 ,"u a l[ sun1 "s long de=m$ crat]i=m depressions may be se5 on ! slope1 & a bright little crat] on ! cre/ ( ! bord] ne> its ,n4 end4 ,! s\!rn ramp>t is brok5 by ?ree l>ge crat]s1 & a f9e valley1 runn+ "s di/ance 9 a ,s4 direction1 :i* dim9i%es gradually 9 wid? till x ultimately resembles a cleft1 & t]m9ates at a small crat]4 ,! ,e4 bord] is v l(ty & irregul>1 ris+ at ! ,n4 corn] ( ! l>ge triangul> =mation1 :i* is su* a prom95t feature ^u x1 to a height ( #gjjj feet1 & at a po9t on ! ,s4,e4 to consid]ably m ?an #hjjj feet above ! floor4 ,n4 ( ! =m] peak x becomes mu* l[] & n>r[]1 & is f9ally only repres5t$ by a v att5uat$ /rip ( wall1 h>dly m prom95t ?an ! bright] portions ( ! bord] ( ,/adius at sunrise1 t]m9at+ at an obscure semi-r+-pla94 ,betwe5 ?is & ! po9t$ ,n4 t]m9ation ( ! ,w4 bord] !re is a wide gap1 op5 to ! nor? = a space ( ab\t #cj miles1 appe>+1 except "u v oblique illum9ation1 z smoo? & z devoid ( detail z ! grey surface ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is itself4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ?is int]val is obs]v$ at sunrise or sunset1 x is se5 to be n q s /ructureless z x appe>s "u diff]5t conditions1 = a numb] ( m\nds & l>ge humpy swell+s1 ) l[ hills & crat]lets1 ext5d across x1 & occupy a position :i* we are ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ z ! site ( a section ( ! ramp>t1 :i*1 f "s cause or o!r1 has be5 completely de/roy$ & ov]laid ) ! mat]ial1 :atev] ?is may be1 ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is4 ,! floor ( ,fraca/orius is1 z reg>ds ! light /reaks & o!r features ^u x1 only second 9 int]e/ to ^? ( ,plato & ,ar*im$es1 & w repay sy/ematic obs]vation4 ,betwe5 ?irty & =ty light spots & crat]s h be5 record$ on its surface1 mo/ ( !m1 z 9 ^! =mations1 be+ situat$ ei!r on or at ! edges ( ! light /reaks4 ,on ! high] portion ( ! int]ior 7ne> ! c5tre7 is a curi\s object consi/+ app>5tly ( f\r light spots1 arrang$ 9 a squ>e1 ) a crat]let 9 ! middle1 all ( :i* und]go 7z ,i h po9t$ out else:]e7 notable *anges ( aspect "u diff]5t phases4 ,!re are at lea/ two di/9ct clefts on ! floor1 "o runn+ f ! ,w4 wall t[>ds ! c5tre1 & ano!r on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ! int]ior4 ,! la/ ?r[s out two bran*es t[>ds ! ,s4,w4 ,,rosse4--,a f9e bright deep crat] 9 ! ,m>e ,nect>is1 ,n4 ( ! po9t$ t]m9ation ( ! ,w4 wall ( ,fraca/orius1 ) :i* x is connect$ by a bold curv$ ridge1 ) a crat] ^u x4 ,a ray f ,ty*o1 /rik+ along ! ,e4 wall ( ,fraca/orius passes ne> ?is object4 ,a rill f ne> ,bohn5b]g] t]m9ates at ?is crat]4 ,,polybius4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #ag miles 9 diamet]1 9 ! hilly region ,s4,e4 ( ,fraca/orius4 ,! bord] is unbrok51 except on ! ,n41 :]e x is int]rupt$ by a gr\p ( depressions4 ,!re is a long valley on ! ,s4,w41 at ! bottom ( :i* ,s*midt %[s a crat]-*a94 ,,ne&]4--,?is r+-pla91 #cd miles 9 diamet]1 a %ort di/ance ,w4,s4,w4 ( ,piccolom9i1 has a some:at de=m$ ramp>t1 :i*1 h[ev]1 except on ! ,n41 :]e !re is a n>r[ gap occupi$ by a small crat]1 is cont9u\s4 ,x rises on ! ,e4 ne>ly #hjjj feet above ! floor1 on :i* !re is a c5tral m\nta9 ab\t #bejj feet high4 ,s*midt %[s "s m9or hills1 a l>ge crat] on ! ,n4,e4 side1 & ?ree small] crat]s 9 ! int]ior4 ,,piccolom9i4--,a r+-pla9 ( a v massive type1 ab\t #eg miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4 ( ,fraca/orius1 ) complex & prom95tly t]rac$ walls1 surm\nt$ by v _m peaks2 "o ( :i* on ! ,e4 atta9s a height ( #ad1jjj feet1 & ano!r1 ,n4 ( x1 on ! same side1 an altitude ( #ae1jjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,! cre/ ( ?is gr& ramp>t is tol]ably cont9u\s1 except on ! ,s4,w41 :]e1 = a di/ance ( tw5ty miles or m1 its "* z reg>ds =m & brightness is entirely *ang$4 ,"u a l[ sun1 in/ead ( a cont9u\s bright bord]1 we note a wide gap occupi$ by a dusky rugg$ plateau1 :i* falls ) a g5tle gradi5t to ! floor1 & is trav]s$ by ?ree or f\r p>allel %all[ valleys runn+ t[>ds ! ,s4 ,i c recall no lun> =mation :i* pres5ts an appe>ance at all l ?is3 "o is impress$ ) ! idea t x has result$ f ! collapse ( ! upp] portion ( ! wall1 & ! fl[ ( "s visc\s mat]ial ov] ! wreck & d[n ! inn] slope4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! reflective p[] ( ?is matt]1 :atev] may be its nature1 & ! broad bright declivities ( ! inn] slopes1 are beautifully display$ at sunset4 ,! cross-valleys are m easily trac$ "u l[ morn+ illum9ation2 b to appreciate ! actual /ructure ( ! wall1 x %\ld be obs]v$ "u bo? phases4 ,! ,n4,w4 section ( ! bord] includes _m pockets1 or long elliptical depressions1 :i* at an e>ly /age ( sunrise give a scallop$ appe>ance to ! cre/4 ,except ! great bright c5tral m\nta9 ) its num]\s peaks1 !re does n appe> to be any prom95t detail on ! floor4 ,!re is a l>ge r+-pla9 beyond ! foot ( ! glacis on ! ,w4 ) two crat]s on ! ,e4 side ( x1 ano!r on ! ,s41 & a f9e rill-valley runn+ up to its ,n4 side f ne> ! cre/ ( ! ,w4 wall4 ,on ! ,n4 side ( ,piccolom9i is a rem>kable gr\p ( de=m$ & ov]lapp+ enclosures1 m+l$ ) numb]less crat]s & little depressions4 ,! pla9 on ! ,n4,e4 is cross$ by a f9e cleft4 ,,pons4--,a complete =mation ( irregul> %ape1 ab\t #bj miles 9 greate/ diamet]1 on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ! ,altai range1 9 ,w4 long4 #ba deg4 ,x consi/s ( a cr[d ( r+s & crat]s enclos$ by a n>r[ wall4 ,,/iborius4--,an elongat$ r+-pla91 ab\t #bb miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4 ( ,piccolom9i1 ) a l(ty wall1 brok5 9 "o place on ! ,n4 by a v conspicu\s crat]4 ,s*midt %[s a di/9ct crat] 9 ! c5tre ( ! floor4 ,i h only se5 a c5tral m\nta9 9 ?is position4 ,!re is a l>ge crat] on ! ,n4,w41 a r+-pla9 on ! ,s4,w4 side1 & a multitude ( little crat]s on ! surr\nd+ pla94 ,,riccius4--,a r+-pla91 #ea miles 9 diamet]1 ( a v irregul> type1 ,s4,e4 ( ! la/4 ,x is enclos$ by a complex wall 7:i* is 9 places d\ble71 brok5 by l>ge r+s on ! ,s4 ,! v conspicu\s little r+-pla9 ,riccius ,a is situat$ on ! ,n4 ( x1 & o!r less prom95t features4 ,! int]ior includes a bright crat] & "s small] objects ( ! same class4 ,,zagut4--,! mo/ ea/]ly ( a gr\p ( closely associat$ irregul> wall$-pla9s1 ( :i* ,l9d5au & ,rabbi ,levi are ! o!r memb]s1 all evid5tly de=m$ & modifi$ 9 %ape by _! proximity4 ,x is ab\t #de miles 9 diamet]1 & is enclos$ by a wall :i* on ! ,s4,w4 atta9s a height ( ab\t #iejj feet1 & is mu* brok5 on ! ,n4 by a numb] ( depressions4 ,a l>ge r+-pla91 "s #bj miles 9 diamet]1 occupies a consid]able portion ( ! ,w4 side ( ! int]ior2 ,e4 ( :i*1 & ne>ly c5tral1 !re is a l>ge bright crat]1 b app>5tly no o!r conspicu\s details4 ,on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ,zagut lies an elliptical r+-pla91 ab\t #bh miles 9 diamet]1 nam$ by ,s*midt ,,celsius4 ,! bord] ( ?is is op5 on ! ,n41 ! gap be+ occupi$ by a l>ge crat]1 ^: ,s4 wall is want+1 s t ! int]iors ( bo? =mations are 9 communication4 ,,l9d5au4--,?is =mation1 ab\t #ce miles 9 diamet]1 is b\nd$ on ! ,w4 by a regul> unbrok5 wall ne>ly #hfjj feet 9 height2 b :i* on ! ,e4 & ,n4,e4 is f> l(ti] & m complex1 ris+ to ab\t #ab1jjj feet above ! floor1 consi/+ ( f\r or m di/9ct ramp>ts1 sep>at$ by deep valleys1 & ext5d+ t[>ds ,rabbi ,levi4 ,neison po9ts out t "u a high light ,l9d5au appe>s to h a bright uni=m s+le wall4 ,!re is a small c5tral m\nta9 & "s m9or inequalities 9 ! int]ior4 ,,rabbi ,,levi4--,a l>g] b less obvi\s =mation ?an ei!r ( its neighb\rs1 ,zagut & ,l9d5au1 abutt+ on ! ,s4 side ( !m4 ,x is ab\t #ee miles 9 diamet]1 & is enclos$ by a bord] some:at difficult to trace 9 its entirety1 except "u oblique light4 ,!re are "s l>ge crat]s )9 x1 ( :i* "o on ! ,n4 side ( ! floor is especially prom95t4 ,,nicolai4--,a tol]ably regul> r+-pla91 #ah miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4 ( ,riccius1 ) a bord]1 ris+ m ?an #fjjj feet above a level floor1 on ! ,n4 side ( :i* ,s*midt %[s a m9ute crat]4 ,! bright pla9 surr\nd+ ?is =mation ab\nds 9 small crat]s2 & on ! ,w4 is a numb] ( curi\s enclosures1 _m ( !m ov]lapp+4 ,,vlacq4--,a memb] ( a magnific5t gr\p ( closely associat$ =mations situat$ on ! greatly di/urb$ area betwe5 ,w4 long4 #cj deg4 & #de deg4 & ,s4 lat4 #ej deg4 & #fj deg4 ,x is #eg miles 9 diamet]1 & is enclos$ by t]rac$ walls1 ris+ on ! ,w4 ab\t #hjjj feet1 & on ! ,e4 m ?an #aj1jjj feet above ! floor4 ,!y are brok5 on ! ,s4 by a f9e crat]4 ,9 addition to a conspicu\s c5tral peak1 !re are sev]al small crat]s1 & l[ %ort ridges 9 ! int]ior4 ,,hommel4--,adjo9s ,vlacq on ! ,s4 ,x is a some:at l>g] & a f> m irregul> =mation4 ,on e side except ! ,w41 :]e ! bord] is unbrok51 & desc5ds ) a g5tle slope to ! d>k int]ior2 r+- pla9s & small] depressions encroa* on its outl9e1 p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable be+ ,hommel a on ! ,n41 :i* has an especially brilliant wall1 t includes a conspicu\s c5tral m\nta91 a l>ge crat]1 & o!r details4 ,! be/ phase = obs]v+ ,hommel & its surr\nd+s is :5 ! ,w4 wall is j )9 ! ev5+ t]m9ator4 ,,pitiscus4--,! mo/ regul> ( ! ,vlacq gr\p4 ,x is situat$ on ! ,n4,e4 ( ,hommel 7a curi\s oblong-%ap$ enclosure1 ,hommel h1 ) a v att5uat$ ,e4 wall1 & a l>ge crat] on a floor1 /&+ at a high] level ?an t ( ,pitiscus1 int]v5+74 ,x is #eb miles 9 diamet]1 & is surr\nd$ by an app>5tly cont9u\s ramp>t1 except on ! ,e41 :]e !re is a crat]1 & on ! ,s4,w41 :]e x abuts on ,hommel h4 ,"h !re is a wide gap cross$ by :at has e appe>ance ( be+ a fault1 resembl+ t 9 ,phocylides on a small] scale4 ,!re is a f9e crat] on ! ,n4 side ( ! int]ior connect$ ) ! ,s4 wall by a bright ridge4 ,j beyond ! ,e4 bord] !re is a %all[ r+-pla9 ( a v extraord9>y %ape4 ,,ne>*4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #ce miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,w4 ( ,hommel1 =m+ "p ( ! ,vlacq gr\p4 ,,tann]us4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #ai miles 9 diamet]1 betwe5 ,mutus & ,bacon4 ,x has a c5tral m\nta94 ,,mutus4--,a f9e b =e%ort5$ wall$ pla91 #ea miles 9 diamet]4 ,!re are two r+-pla9s ( ab\t equal size on ! floor1 "o on ! ,n41 & ! o!r on ! ,s4 side4 ,! wall on ! ,w4 rises to ne>ly #ad1jjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,,manz9us4--,a wall$ pla91 ne>ly #fb miles 9 diamet]1 ) a t]rac$ ramp>t ris+ to a height ( m ?an #ad1ejj feet above ! int]ior4 ,s*midt %[s ?ree crat]lets on ! floor1 b no traces ( ! small c5tral peak :i* is said to /& !reon1 b to be only visible 9 l>ge telescopes4 ,,s*omb]g]4--,a l>ge wall$-pla9 adjo9+ ,simpelius on ! ,s4,w4 ,too ne> ! limb = satisfactory obs]vation4 ,,we/ ,,longitude #bj deg4 ,,to #j deg4 ,,delambre4--,a conspicu\s r+-pla91 #cb miles 9 diamet]1 a little ,s4 ( ! equator1 9 ,w4 long4 #ag deg4 #cj m941 ) a massive polygonal bord]1 t]rac$ )91 ris+ on ! ,w4 to ! great height ( #ae1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 b to little m ?an half ?is on ! opposite side4 ,its outl9e approximates to t ( a p5tagon ) slightly curv$ sides4 ,a section on ! ,s4,e4 exhibits an inflexion t[>ds ! c5tre4 ,! cre/ is ev]y:]e cont9u\s except on ! ,n41 :]e x is brok5 by a deep crat] ) a bright rim4 ,! nor?-ea/]ly tr5d ( ! ridges & hillocks on ! ,e4 is especially notewor?y4 ,! c5tral peak is n prom95t1 b close "u x on ! ,e4 is a deep fissure1 ext5d+ f ne> ! c5tre1 & dy+ out be=e x rea*es ! ,s4 bord]4 ,at ! foot ( ! ,n4,e4 glacis !re are traces ( a r+ ) l[ walls4 ,,!on1 ,,s54--,a brilliant little r+-pla91 ,e4,n4,e4 ( ,delambre1 #aa miles 9 diamet]1 & ( great dep?1 ) a regul> & p]fectly unbrok5 wall4 ,nor? ( x is a bright little crat]4 ,,!on1 ,,jun4--,a r+-pla9 simil> 9 size & 9 o!r respects to ! la/1 situat$ ab\t #bc miles ,s4 ( x on a some:at dusky surface4 ,betwe5 ! pair is a curi\s oblong-%ap$ m\nta9 mass2 & on ! ,e4 a long cliff 7( no great altitude1 b fall+ /eeply on ! ,e4 side7 ext5d+ ,s4 t[>ds ,taylor a4 ,j bel[ ! esc>pm5t1 ,i f9d a brilliant little pair ( crat]lets1 ( :i* ,neison only %[s "o4 ,,alfraganus4--,a l>ge bright crat]1 ab\t #i miles 9 diamet]1 ) v /eep walls1 "s di/ance ,s4,s4,w4 ( ,delambre1 & /&+ on ! ,w4 edge ( a l>ge b v %all[ & irregul> depression ,w4 ( ,taylor4 ,!re is a rem>kable *a9 ( crat]s on ! ,w4 ( x4 ,alfraganus is ! c5tre ( a sy/em ( light /reaks radiat+ 9 all directions1 "o ray ext5d+ ?r\gh ,cyrillus to ,fraca/orius4 ,,taylor4--,a deep sp9dle-%ap$ r+-pla91 ,s4 ( ,delambre1 ab\t #bb miles 9 l5g?4 ,! wall appe>s to be ev]y:]e cont9u\s1 except at ! extreme ,n4 & ,s4 ends1 :]e !re are small crat]s4 ,! out] slopes1 bo? on ! ,e4 & ,w41 are v broad & prom95t1 b app>5tly n t]rac$4 ,!re is an inconspicu\s c5tral hill4 ,on ! ,w4 is ! irregul> enclosure1 already ref]r$ to "u ,alfraganus4 ,?ree or f\r %ort w9d+ valleys trav]se ! ,n4 edge ( ?is =mation1 & desc5d to ! d>k floor4 ,on ! ,n4,e4 is ! rem>kable r+-pla9 ,taylor a1 #ah miles 9 diamet]1 ris+1 at an almo/ isolat$ m\nta9 mass on ! ,e4 bord]1 to a height ( #gjjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,! m regul> & ,w4 section ( ?is =mation is n s l(ty1 & falls ) a g5tle slope to ! d>k unev5 floor1 on :i* !re is "s detail 9 ! %ape ( small bright ridges & m\nds4 ,on ! surface1 ,n4,w4 ( ,taylor a1 is a curi\s l9e> r[ ( bright little hills4 ,taylor & ! vic9ity is bett] se5 "u l[ ev5+ illum9ation ?an "u morn+ light4 ,,hipp>*us4--,except "u a l[ sun1 ?is imm5se wall$-pla9 is by no means s /rik+ an object z a glance at its repres5tation on a *>t ( ! moon w\ld lead "o to expect2 = ! bord]1 9 ne>ly e "p ( x1 be>s unmi/akable evid5ce ( wreck & ru91 its cont9uity be+ int]rupt$ by depressions1 transv]se valleys1 & gaps1 & x n[h]e atta9s a great altitude4 ,?is imp]fect enclosure ext5ds #ig miles f ,n4 to ,s41 & ab\t #hh miles f ,e4 to ,w41 & 9 %ape approximates to t ( a rhombus ) curv$ sides4 ,"o ( ! mo/ prom95t bright crat]s on its bord] is ,hipp>*us ,g1 on ! ,w4 ,ano!r1 ( ab\t ! same size1 is ,hipp>*us ,e1 on ! ,n4 ( ,horrocks4 ,on ! ,e4 !re is a mod]ately bright crat]1 ,hipp>*us ,f2 & ,s4 ( ?is1 on ! same side1 two o!rs1 ,k & ,i4 ,! int]ior is cross$ by _m ridges1 & ne> ! c5tre includes ! relics ( a l[ r+1 trav]s$ by a n>r[ rill-l valley4 ,s*midt %[s a cleft runn+ f ,f across ! floor to ! ,s4 bord]4 ,a valuable monograph ( ,hipp>*us1 by ,mr4 ,w4,b4 ,birt1 0 publi%$ 9 #ahgj4 ,,horrocks4--,?is f9e r+-pla91 #ah miles 9 diamet]1 /&s on ! ,n4 side ( ! int]ior ( ,hipp>*us1 close to ! bord]4 ,x has a cont9u\s wall1 ris+ on ! ,e4 to a height ( ne>ly #hjjj feet above ! int]ior1 & a di/9ct c5tral m\nta94 ,,halley4--,a r+-pla91 #ba miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,w4 bord] ( ,hipp>*us1 ) a bright wall1 ris+ at "o po9t on ! ,e4 to a height ( #gejj feet above ! floor1 :i* is depress$ ab\t #djjj feet bel[ ! surface4 ,two crat]lets on ! floor1 "o discov]$ by ,birt on ,ru!rfurd's photogram ( #ahfe1 & ! o!r by ,gaudib]t1 rais$ a suspicion ( rec5t lun> activity )9 ?is r+4 ,a magnific5t valley1 %[n 9 "p by ,s*midt z a crat]-r[1 runs f ! ,s4 ( ,halley to ! ,w4 side ( ,albategnius4 ,,h9d4--,a r+-pla91 #af miles 9 diamet]1 a few miles ,w4 ( ,halley1 ) a peak on its ,e4 wall #aj1jjj feet above ! floor4 ,! bord] is brok5 bo? on ! ,s4,e4 & ,n4,e4 by small crat]s4 ,horrocks1 ,halley1 & ,h9d may be reg>d$ z /rictly belong+ to ,hipp>*us4 ,,albategnius4--,a magnific5t wall$-pla91 #fe miles 9 diamet]1 adjo9+ ,hipp>*us on ! ,s41 surr\nd$ by a massive complex ramp>t1 prom95tly t]rac$1 includ+ _m depressions1 & cross$ by sev]al valleys4 ,x is surm\nt$ by v l(ty peaks1 "o ( :i* on ! ,n4,e4 /&s ne>ly #ae1jjj feet above ! floor4 ,! great r+-pla9 ,albategnius ,a1 #bh miles 9 diamet]1 intrudes f> )9 ! limits ( ! =mation on ! ,e41 & its t[]+ cre/ rises m ?an #aj1jjj feet above its floor1 on :i* !re is a small c5tral m\nta94 ,! c5tral m\nta9 ( ,albategnius is m ?an #djjj feet high1 &1 ) ! exception ( a few m9or elevations1 is ! only prom95t feature 9 ! int]ior1 ?\gh !re are _m small crat]s4 ,s*midt c\nt$ =ty ) ! ,b]l9 refractor1 among !m #ab on ! ,e4 side1 arrang$ l a /r+ ( pe>ls4 ,,p>rot4--,an irregul>ly-%ap$ =mation1 #da miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4 ( ,albategnius1 ) a v discont9u\s m>g91 int]rupt$ on e side by gaps & depressions1 l>ge & small2 ! mo/ consid]able ( :i* is ! regul> r+-pla9 ,p>rot a1 on ! ,e4 ,an especially f9e valley1 %[n by ,s*midt to consi/ 9 "p ( l>ge inosculat+ crat]s1 cuts ?r\gh ! wall on ! ,s4,w41 & runs on ! ,e4 side ( ,argel&] t[>ds ,airy4 ,! floor ( ,p>rot is v rugg$4 ,,desc>tes4--,?is object1 ab\t #cj miles 9 diamet]1 situat$ ,n4,w4 ( ,abulf$a1 is b\nd$ by ill-def9$1 brok51 & comp>atively l[ walls2 int]rupt$ on ! ,s4,e4 by a f9e crat]1 ,desc>tes ,a1 & on ! ,s4,w4 by ano!r1 small]4 ,!re is also a brilliant crat] outside on ! ,n4,w4 ,s*midt %[s a crat]-r[ on ! floor1 :i* ,i h se5 z a cleft4 ,,dollond4--,a bright crat]1 ab\t #f miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,n4,e4 side ( ,desc>tes4 ,betwe5 x & ! latt] !re is a rill-valley4 ,,tacitus4--,a bright r+-pla91 ab\t #bh miles 9 diamet]1 a few miles ,e4 ( ,ca!r9a1 ) a l(ty wall ris+ bo? on ! ,e4 & ,w4 to m ?an #aa1jjj feet above ! floor4 ,its cont9uity is brok5 on ! ,n4 by a gap occupi$ by a depression1 & !re is a conspicu\s crat] bel[ ! cre/ on ! ,s4,w4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is connect$ ) ! ,n4 wall by a ridge1 recall+ ! same arrangem5t )9 ,madl]4 ,a range ( l(ty hills1 an (f%oot ( ! ,altai range1 ext5ds f ,tacitus t[>ds ,f]mat4 ,,almanon4--,?is r+-pla91 ) its companion ,abulf$a on ! ,n4,e41 is a v int]e/+ telescopic object4 ,x is ab\t #cf miles 9 diamet]1 & is surr\nd$ by an irregul> bord] ( polygonal %ape1 ! greate/ altitude ( :i* is ab\t #fjjj feet above ! floor on ! ,w4 ,x is slightly t]rac$1 & is brok5 on ! ,s4 by a deep crat] p]ta9+ to ! bright & l>ge =mation ,tacitus b1 ! ,e4 bord] ( :i* ca/s a f9e d\ble-peak$ %ad[ at sunrise4 ,on ! ,n4,w4 !re is ano!r bright crat]1 ! l>ge/ ( ! r[1 runn+ 9 a ,w4,s4,w4 direction1 & =m+ a ,w4 ext5sion ( ! rem>kable crat]-*a9 tang5tial to ! bord]s ( ,almanon & ,abulf$a4 ,! only objects on ! floor are ?ree little hills1 9 a l9e1 ne> ! c5tre1 a w9d+ ridge on ! ,w4 side ( x1 & two or ?ree o!r l[ elevations4 ,,abulf$a4--,a l>g] & m massive =mation ?an ,almanon1 #ci miles 9 diamet]1 ! ,e4 wall ris+ ab\t #aj1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 :i* is depress$ m ?an #cjjj feet4 ,x is cont9u\s on ! ,w41 b mu* brok5 by transv]se valleys on ! ,s4,e41 & by little depressions on ! ,n4 ,on ! ,s4,e4 orig9ates ! v curi\s bright crat]-r[ :i* runs 9 a /raight l9e to ! ,n4,w4 wall ( ,almanon1 cross+ = ! fir/ few miles ! l(ty table-l& ly+ on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ! bord]4 ,) ! exception ( a l[ c5tral m\nta91 ! int]ior ( ,abulf$a conta9s no visible detail4 ,! ramp>t is f9ely t]rac$ on ! ,e4 & ,w4 ,! ,e4 glacis is v rugg$4 ,,argel&]4--,?is conspicu\s r+-pla91 ab\t #bj miles 9 diamet]1 is1 if we except two small] inosculat+ r+s on ! ,s4,w4 flank ( ,albategnius1 ! mo/ nor!rly ( a rem>kable s]p5t9e *a9 ( sev5 mod]ately-siz$ =mations1 ext5d+ = ne>ly #ahj miles f ! ,s4,w4 ( ,p>rot to ! ,n4 side ( ,blan*9us4 ,its bord] is l(ty1 slightly t]rac$ )91 & includes a c5tral peak4 ,,airy4--,ab\t #bb miles 9 diamet]1 connect$ ) ,argel&] by a depression b\nd$ by l9e> walls4 ,its bord]1 d\ble on ! ,s4,e41 is brok5 on ! ,s4 by a prom95t crat]1 ) a small] companion on ! ,w4 ( x2 & aga9 on ! ,n4,e4 by ano!r n s conspicu\s4 ,x has a c5tral peak4 ,! next l9k 9 ! *a9 ( r+-pla9s is ,airy c1 a v irregul> object1 some:at l>g]1 & )1 = ! mo/ "p1 l9e> walls4 ,,donati4--,a r+-pla9 on ! ,s4 ( ,airy c1 ab\t #bb miles 9 greate/ l5g?4 ,x is v irregul> 9 outl9e1 ) a l(ty brok5 bord]1 especially on ! ,n4 & ,s41 :]e !re are wide gaps4 ,!re is ano!r r+ on ! ,s4,e4 ,,faye4--,! direction ( ! *a9 sw]ves consid]ably t[>ds ! ,e4 at ?is =mation1 :i* resembles ,donati bo? 9 size & 9 irregul>ity ( outl9e4 ,! wall1 :]e x is n brok51 is slightly t]rac$4 ,!re is a crat]let on ! ,s4 rim & a c5tral crat] 9 ! int]ior4 ,,delaunay4--,adjo9s ,faye on ! ,s4,e41 & is a l>g] & m complex object1 ( irregul> =m1 ) v l(ty peaks on its bord]4 ,a prom95t ridge ( great height trav]ses ! =mation f ,n4 to ,s41 abutt+ on ! ,w4 bord] ( ,lacaille4 ,delaunay is ! la/ l9k 9 ! *a9 comm5c+ ) ,argel&]4 ,,lacaille4--,an oblong enclosure situat$ on ! ,n4 side ( ,blan*9us1 & app>5tly ab\t #cj miles 9 greate/ diamet]4 ,! bord] is to a great ext5t l9e> & cont9u\s on ! ,n41 b else:]e ab\nds 9 depressions4 ,two l>ge inosculat+ r+-pla9s are associat$ ) ! ,n4,e4 wall4 ,,blan*9us4--,a l>ge wall$-pla9 on ! ,w4 ( ,purba* & abutt+ on ! ,s4 side ( ,lacaille4 ,x mu* resembles ,purba* 9 %ape1 b has l[] walls4 ,s*midt %[s a crat] on ! ,n4 side ( ! floor1 :i* ,i h se51 & a numb] ( p>allel ridges :i* h n be5 not$1 probably because !y are only visible "u v oblique light4 ,,geb]4--,a bright r+-pla91 #be miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4 ( ,almanon1 ) a regul> bord]1 ris+ to a height on ! ,w4 ( ne>ly #ijjj feet above ! floor4 ,!re is a small crat] on ! cre/ ( ! ,s4 wall1 & ano!r on ! ,n4 ,a r+-pla9 ab\t #h miles 9 diamet] adjo9s ! =mation on ! ,n4,e4 ,accord+ to ,neison1 !re is a feeble c5tral hill1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n %[n by ,s*midt4 ,,sacrobosco4--,?is is "o ( ^? extremely abnormal =mations :i* are almo/ peculi> to c]ta9 regions 9 ! f\r? quadrant4 ,x is ab\t #ej miles 9 greate/ diamet]1 & is enclos$ by a ramp>t ( unequal height1 ris+ on ! ,e4 to #ab1jjj feet above ! floor1 b s9k+ 9 places to a v mod]ate altitude4 ,on ! ,n4 its cont\r is1 if possible1 r5d]$ /ill m irregul> by ! intrusion ( a small] r+-pla94 ,on ! ,n4,e4 side ( ! floor /&s a v bright little crat] & two o!rs on ! ,s4 ( ! c5tre1 ea* ) c5tral m\nta9s4 ,,f]mat4--,an irregul> r+-pla9 #be miles 9 diamet] on ! ,w4 ( ,sacrobosco4 ,its p>tially t]rac$ wall is brok5 on ! ,n4 by a gap :i* communicates ) ! int]ior ( a small] =mation4 ,!re are "s l[ hills on ! floor1 :i* is depress$ #fjjj feet bel[ ! cre/ ( ! bord]4 ,,azophi4--,a prom95t r+-pla91 #cj miles 9 diamet]1 ,e4,n4,e4 ( ,sacrobosco1 its l(ty b>ri] t[]+ ne>ly #aa1jjj feet above a some:at dusky int]ior1 :i* includes "s light spots4 ,a massive curv$ m\nta9 arm runs f ! ,s4 side ( ?is =mation to a small r+-pla9 ,w4 ( ,playfair4 ,,ab5ezra4--,:5 obs]v$ ne> ! morn+ t]m9ator1 ?is notewor?y r+-pla91 #bg miles 9 diamet]1 seems to be divid$ into two by a curv$ ridge :i* trav]ses ! =mation f ,n4 to ,s41 & ext5ds beyond its limits4 ,! irregul> bord] rises on ! ,w4 to a height ( m ?an #ad1jjj feet above ! deeply-sunk5 floor1 :i* includes sev]al crat]s1 hills1 & ridges4 ,,apianus4--,a magnific5t r+-pla91 #ch miles 9 diamet]1 ,n4,w4 ( ,aliac5sis1 ) l(ty t]rac$ walls1 ris+ on ! ,n4,e4 to ab\t #ijjj feet above ! int]ior1 & cr[n$ on ! ,w4 by ?ree l>ge conspicu\s crat]s4 ,! bord] is brok5 on ! ,n4 by a small] depression & a l>ge r+ ) l[ walls4 ,! d>k-grey floor appe>s to be devoid ( conspicu\s detail4 ,,playfair4--,a r+-pla91 #bh miles 9 diamet]1 ) massive walls4 ,x is situat$ on ! ,n4 ( ,apianus1 & is connect$ ) x by a m\nta9 arm4 ,! ramp>t is tol]ably cont9u\s1 b v>ies consid]ably 9 altitude1 ris+ on ! ,s4 to a height ( m ?an #hjjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,on ! ,e41 ext5d+ t[>ds ,blan*9us1 is a magnific5t unnam$ =mation1 b\nd$ on ! ,e4 by a broad l(ty ramp>t flank+ ,blan*9us1 ,lacaille1 ,delaunay1 & ,faye2 & on ! ,w4 by ,playfair & ! m\nta9 arm j m5tion$4 ,x is fully #fj miles 9 l5g? f ,n4 to ,s4 ,sunrise on ?is region af=ds a f9e spectacle to ! obs]v] ) a l>ge telescope4 ,! be/ phase is :5 ! morn+ t]m9ator int]sects ,aliac5sis1 z at ?is "t ! long jagg$ %ad[s ( ! ,e4 wall ( ,playfair & ( ! m\nta9 arm are v prom95t on ! smoo?1 greyi%-blue surface ( ?is imm5se enclosure4 ,,pontanus4--,an irregul> r+-pla91 #bh miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4,s4,w4 ( ,azophi1 ) a l[ brok5 bord]1 int]rupt$ on ! ,s4,w4 by a small] r+-pla91 :i* =ms "o ( a gr\p ext5d+ t[>ds ! ,s4,w4 ,! d>k floor includes a c5tral m\nta94 ,,aliac5sis4--,?is r+-pla91 #ec miles 9 diamet]1 ) its neighb\r ,w]n] on ! ,n4,e41 are beautiful telescopic objects "u a l[ sun4 ,its l(ty t]rac$ bord] rises at "o peak on ! ,e4 to ! trem5d\s height ( #af1ejj feet1 & at ano!r on ! opposite side to ne>ly #ab1jjj feet above ! floor4 ,! wall on ! ,s4 is brok5 by a crat]1 & on ! ,w4 trav]s$ by n>r[ passes4 ,!re is also a prom95t crat] on ! inn] slope ( ! ,n4,e4 wall4 ,! floor includes a small m\nta91 sev]al little hills1 & a crat]4 ,,w]n]4--,a r+-pla91 #de miles 9 diamet]1 ) a massive ramp>t cr[n$ by peaks almo/ z l(ty z any on t ( ,aliac5sis1 & ) t]races fully z conspicu\s4 ,x has a magnific5t c5tral m\nta91 #dejj feet high4 ,at ! foot ( ! ,n4,e4 wall ,madl] obs]v$ a small area1 :i* he describes z rivall+ ! c5tral peak ( ,ari/>*us 9 brilliancy4 ,webb1 h[ev]1 0 unable to confirm ?is e/imate1 ?\gh he not$ x z v bright1 & saw a m9ute black pit & n>r[ rav9e )9 x4 ,neison subsequ5tly f\nd t ! black pit is a crat]-cone4 ,x w\ld p]haps be ra%1 ) our limit$ k ( m9ute lun> detail1 to ass]t t ,madl] ov]-e/imat$ ! brightness ( ?is area1 :i* may h be5 due to a rec5t deposit r\nd ! orifice ( ! crat]-cone4 ,,poisson4--,an irregul> =mation on ! ,w4 ( ,aliac5sis1 ext5d+ ab\t #ej miles f ,w4 to ,e41 b mu* less 9 a m]idional direction4 ,its ,n4 limits are m>k$ by a numb] ( ov]lapp+ r+-pla9s & crat]s1 & x is mu* brok5 else:]e by small] depressions4 ,! ,e4 wall is ab\t #gjjj feet 9 height4 ,,gemma ,,frisius4--,a great composite wall$-pla91 #hj miles or m 9 l5g? f ,n4 to ,s41 ) a wall ris+ at "o place ne>ly #ad1jjj feet above ! floor4 ,x is brok5 on ! ,n4 by two f9e r+-pla9s1 ea* ab\t #bj miles 9 diamet]1 & on ! ,e4 by a ?ird op5 to ! ,e4 ,!re is a c5tral m\nta91 & sev]al small crat]s on ! floor1 especially on ! ,w4 side4 ,,bus*+4--,a r+-pla9 ,s4 ( ,zagut1 ab\t #cf miles 9 diamet]1 ) a mod]ately high b irregul> wall4 ,!re are sev]al crat]lets )9 & "s l[ hills4 ,,bu*4--,adjo9s ,bus*+ on ! ,s4,e4 ,x is ab\t #ca miles 9 diamet]1 & has a less brok5 b>ri]4 ,!re is a l>ge crat] on ! ,e4 wall1 & ano!r small] "o on ! ,s4,w4 ,s*midt %[s no?+ on ! floor1 b ,neison not$ two m9ute crat]-cones4 ,,maurolycus4--,?is unque/ionably ranks z "o ( ! gr&e/ wall$- pla9s on ! moon's visible surface1 & :5 view$ "u a l[ sun pres5ts a spectacle :i* is n easily effac$ f ! m9d4 ,l s _m ( ! great enclosures 9 ! f\r? quadrant1 x impresses "o ) ! notion t we h "h ! result ( ! cr[d+ toge!r ( a numb] ( l>ge r+s :i*1 :5 !y 7 9 a semi-fluid or visc\s condition1 mutually de=m$ ea* o!r4 ,x ext5ds fully #aej miles f ,e4 to ,w41 & m f ,n4 to ,s42 s x may be tak5 to include an area on ! lun> globe :i* is1 r\ghly speak+1 equal to half ! sup]ficies ( ,irel&4 ,?is va/ space1 b\nd$ by "o ( ! l(tie/1 mo/ massive1 & prom95tly-t]rac$ ramp>ts1 includes r+-pla9s1 crat]s1 crat]-r[s1 & valleys1--9 %ort1 almo/ e type ( lun> =mation4 ,x t[]s on ! ,e4 to a height ( ne>ly #ad1jjj feet above ! int]ior1 & on ! ,w41 accord+ to ,s*midt1 to a /ill great] altitude4 ,a f9e rill-valley curves r\nd ! out] slope ( ! ,w4 wall1 j bel[ its cre/1 :i* is an easy object 9 a #h #a_/b in* reflector :5 ! opposite bord] is on ! morn+ t]m9ator1 & c\ld d\btless be se5 9 a small] in/rum5t2 & !re is an especially brilliant crat] on ! ,s4 bord]1 :i* is n visible till a some:at lat] /age ( sunrise4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is ( great altitude1 its l(tie/ peaks /&+ out amid ! %ad[ long be=e a ray ( sunlight has rea*$ ! l[] slopes ( ! walls4 ,x is associat$ ) a numb] ( small] elevations4 ,i h se5 ?ree consid]able crat]s & sev]al small] ones 9 ! int]ior4 ,,b>ocius4--,a massive =mation1 ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,w4 side ( ,maurolycus1 ^: bord] x ov]laps & consid]ably de=ms4 ,its wall rises on ! ,e4 to a height ( #ab1jjj feet above ! floor1 & is brok5 on ! ,n4,w4 by two great r+-pla9s4 ,on ! inn] slope ( ! ,s4,e4 bord] is a curi\s oblong enclosure4 ,!re is no?+ rem>kable 9 ! int]ior4 ,on ! dusky grey pla9 ,w4 ( ,maurolycus & ,b>ocius !re is a numb] ( little =mations1 _m ( !m be+ ( a v abnormal %ape1 :i* are well wor?y ( exam9ation4 ,i h se5 two %ort unrecord$ clefts 9 connection ) ^! objects4 ,,/(l]4--,a gr& object1 v simil> 9 size & g5]al "* to ,maurolycus1 its neighb\r on ! ,w4 ,to view x & its surr\nd+s at ! mo/ /rik+ phase1 x %\ld be obs]v$ :5 ! morn+ t]m9ator lies a little ,e4 ( ! ,w4 wall4 ,at ?is "t ! jagg$1 clean-cut1 %ad[s ( ! peaks on ,f>aday & ! ,w4 bord]1 ! f9e t]races1 depressions1 & o!r features on ! illum9at$ section ( ! gigantic ramp>t1 & ! smoo? blui%-grey floor1 comb9e to make a mo/ beautiful telescopic picture4 ,at a peak on ! ,n4,e41 ! wall atta9s a height ( ne>ly #ab1jjj feet1 b s9ks to a little m ?an a ?ird ( ?is height on ! ,e4 ,x is app>5tly l(tie/ on ! ,n4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s ( ! _m crat]s ^u x is ! bright deep circul> depression ,e4 on ! ,s4 wall1 & ano!r1 r l>g] & less regul>1 on ! ,n4,w41 :i* has a v l[ rim on ! side fac+ ! floor1 & a crat]let on ei!r side ( ! app>5t gap4 ,a l>ge loz5ge-%ap$ enclosure abuts on ! wall1 ne> ! crat] ,e41 ) a bord] cr[n$ by a numb] ( little peaks1 :i* at an e>ly /age ( sunrise resemble a *aplet ( pe>ls4 ,! floor ( ,/(l] is app>5tly v level1 & 9 col\r recalls ! beautiful /eel-grey tone ( ,plato se5 "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,i h not$ sev]al di/9ct little crat]s on its surface1 mo/ly on ! ,n4,e4 side2 & on ! ,e4 side a triangul> d>k pat*1 close to ! foot ( ! wall1 v simil> 9 size & appe>ance to ^? )9 ,alphonsus4 ,,f>aday4--,a l>ge r+-pla91 ab\t #ce miles 9 diamet]1 ov]lapp+ ! ,s4,w4 bord] ( ,/(l]2 its own ramp>t be+ ov]lapp$ 9 its turn by two small] r+-pla9s on ! ,s4,e41 & by two /ill small] =mations 7"o ( :i* is squ>e-%ap$7 on ! ,n4,w4 ,! wall is broad & v massive on ! ,e4 & ,n4,e41 prom95tly t]rac$1 & includes _m brilliant little crat]s4 ,s*midt %[s a ridge & sev]al crat]s 9 ! int]ior4 ,,licetus4--,an irregul> =mation1 ab\t #ej miles 9 maximum wid?1 on ! ,s4 ( ,/(l]1 ) ! flanks ( :i* x is connect$ by a co>se valley4 ,neison po9ts out t x consi/s ( a gr\p ( r+-pla9s unit$ into "o1 ow+ to ! sep>at+ walls hav+ be5 p>tially de/roy$4 ,?is seems to be cle>ly ! case1 if ,licetus is exam9$ "u a l[ sun4 ,on ! ,e4 side ( ! ,n4 portion ( ! =mation1 ! wall rises to ne>ly #ac1jjj feet4 ,,f]nelius4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #cj miles 9 diamet]1 abutt+ on ! ,n4 wall ( ,/(l]4 ,x is ov]lapp$ on ! ,e4 by ano!r simil> =mation ( ab\t half its size4 ,!re are _m crat]s & depressions on ! bord]s ( bo?1 & a l>ge crat] betwe5 ! small] enclosure & ! ,n4,e4 out] slope ( ,/(l]4 ,s*midt %[s eight crat]s on ! floor ( ,f]nelius4 ,,nonius4--,a r+-pla91 ab\t #bj miles 9 diamet]1 abutt+ on ! ,n4 wall ( ,f]nelius4 ,!re is a prom95t bright crat] on ! ,w4 ( x1 & ano!r on ! ,n41 f :i* a delicate valley runs t[>ds ! ,w4 side ( ,walt]4 ,,clairaut4--,a v peculi> =mation1 ab\t #dj miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4 ( ,maurolycus1 af=d+ ano!r good example ( int]f]5ce & ov]lapp+4 ,! cont9uity ( its bord]1 n[h]e v regul>1 has be5 entirely de/roy$ on ! ,s4 by ! subsequ5t =mation ( two l>ge r+s1 "s #aj or #ab miles 9 diamet]1 ! m ea/]ly ( :i* has1 9 its turn1 be5 p>tially wreck$ on ! ,n4 by a small] object ( ! same class4 ,!re is also a r+-pla9 ,n4,e4 ( ,clairaut1 :i* has v cle>ly modifi$ ! %ape ( ! bord] on ?is side4 ,two crat]s on ! floor ( ,clairaut are easy objects4 ,,bacon4--,a v f9e r+-pla91 #dj miles 9 diamet]1 ,s4,w4 ( ,clairaut4 ,at "o peak on ! ,e4 ! t]rac$ wall rises to ne>ly #ad1jjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,x is brok5 on ! ,s4 by ?ree or f\r crat]s4 ,on ! ,w4 !re is an irregul> inconspicu\s enclosure1 ^: contiguity has app>5tly modifi$ ! %ape ( ! bord]4 ,!re are two l>ge r+s on ! ,n4 7! m ea/]ly hav+ a c5tral peak71 & a ?ird on ! ,e4 ,! floor appe>s to be devoid ( prom95t detail4 ,,cuvi]4--,a wall$-pla91 ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4,e4 ( ,clairaut4 ,! bord] on ! ,e4 rises to #ab1jjj feet2 & on ! ,n4,w4 is mu* brok5 by depressions4 ,neison has se5 a m\nd1 ) a m9ute crat] ,w4 ( x1 on ! o!rwise undi/urb$ int]ior4 ,,jacobi4--,a r+-pla9 ,s4 ( ,cuvi]1 ab\t #dj miles 9 diamet]1 ) walls mu* brok5 on ! ,n4 & ,s41 b ris+ on ! ,e4 to ne>ly #aj1jjj feet4 ,!re is a gr\p ( crat]s 7ne>ly c5tral7 on ! floor4 ,! region ,s4 ( ?is =mation ab\nds 9 l>ge unnam$ objects4 ,,lilius4--,an irregul> r+-pla91 #ci miles 9 diamet]1 ) a ramp>t on ! ,e4 ne>ly #aj1jjj feet above ! floor4 ,a small] r+ betwe5 x & ,jacobi has consid]ably inflect$ ! wall t[>ds ! int]ior4 ,x has a conspicu\s c5tral m\nta94 ,,za*4--,a massive =mation1 #df miles 9 diamet]1 on ! ,s4 ( ,lilius1 ) prom95tly t]rac$ walls1 ris+ on ! ,e4 to #ac1jjj feet above ! int]ior4 ,a small r+-pla91 ^: wall /&s #fjjj feet above ! floor1 is associat$ ) ! ,n4 bord]4 ,two o!r r+s1 on ! ,s4,w4 & ,n4,e4 respectively1 h crat]s on _! ramp>ts & c5tral hills4 ,,p5tl&4--,a f9e conspicu\s =mation "u a l[ sun1 ev5 9 a region ab\nd+ 9 su* objects4 ,x is ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]1 ) a bord] exce$+ 9 places #aj1jjj feet 9 height above ! floor1 :i* includes an especially f9e c5tral m\nta94 ,,k9au4--,"o ( ! gr\p ( rem>kable r+-pla9s ext5d+ 9 a ,n4,w4 direction f ,p5tl&4 ,,simpelius4--,ano!r gr& circumvallation1 almo/ z l>ge z ,p5tl&1 b un=tunately mu* =e%ort5$4 ,"o ( its peaks on ! ,e4 rises to a height ( m ?an #ab1jjj feet above ! floor1 on :i* !re is a small c5tral m\nta94 ,betwe5 ,simpelius & ,p5tl& are sev]al r+- pla9s1 mo/ ( :i* appe> to h be5 squeez$ & de=m$ into abnormal %apes4 ,,curtius4--,a magnific5t =mation1 ab\t #ej miles 9 diamet]1 ) "o ( ! l(tie/ ramp>ts on ! visible surface1 ris+ at a m\nta9 mass on ! ,n4,e4 to m ?an #bb1jjj feet1 an altitude :i* is only surpass$ by peaks on ! walls ( ,newton & ,casatus4 ,!re is a bright crat] on ! ,s4,e4 bord] & ano!r on ! ,w4 ,! =mation is too ne> ! ,s4 limb = satisfactory scrut9y4 ,betwe5 ,curtius & ,za* is a f9e gr\p ( unnam$ enclosures4 ,,app5dix ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,map ,! accompany+ map1 eighte5 in*es 9 diamet]1 repres5ts ! moon "u mean libration4 ,m]idian l9es & p>allels ( latitude are drawn at e #aj deg41 except 9 ! case ( ! m]idians ( #hj deg4 ,e4 & ,w4 longitude1 :i* are omitt$ to avoid confusion1 & z be+ practically ne$less4 ,^! l9es w enable ! obs]v]1 ) ! aid ( ! ,tables 9 ! ,app5dix1 to f9d ! position ( ! t]m9ator at any "t requir$4 ,z a/ronomical telescopes exhibit objects inv]t$1 maps ( ! moon are always drawn upside d[n1 & ) ! "r & left int]*ang$1 z 9 ! diagram above1 :i* also %[s h[ ! quadrants are numb]$4 ,?is circle draw+ ( circle1 int5d$ to be 4#aegjh 9 diamet]1 repres5ts a circle ( "o degree 9 diamet] at ! c5tre ( ! map1 & z ! l5g? ( "o sel5ographical degree is #ah4hga miles1 x repres5ts an area ( ne>ly #bhj squ>e miles4 ,! catalogue is s arrang$ t1 beg9n+ ) ! ,w4 limb1 & ref]r+ to ! li/s "u ! fir/ & f\r?1 & ! second & ?ird quadrants1 all ! =mations fall+ )9 ! m]idians #ij deg4 to #fj deg41 #fj deg4 to #dj deg41 #dj deg4 to #bj deg41 #bj deg4 to #j deg4 7! c5tral m]idian71 & f #j deg4 to #bj deg41 & s on1 to ! ,e4 limb1 w be f\nd 9 conv5i5t proximity 9 ! text4 ,9 ! ,catalogue1 ,n4 ,s4 ,e4 ,w4 are us$ z abbreviations = ! c>d9al po9ts4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,m>ia1 ,,or ,,grey ,,pla9s1 ,,t]m$ ,,seas1 c4 ,,fir/ ,,quadrant4 ,m>e ,tranquilitatis 7ne>ly ! :ole71 page #e4 11 ,foecunditatis 7! ,n4 portion71 #e4 11 ,s]5itatis1 #e4 11 ,crisium1 #f4 11 ,frigoris 7a portion71 #e4 11 ,vaporum 7ne>ly ! :ole71 #f4 11 ,humboldtianum1 #f4 11 ,smy?ii 7a portion71 #ci4 ,lacus ,mortis1 #ec4 11 ,somniorum4 ,palus ,somnii4 11 ,nebul>um 7a portion71 #fb4 11 ,putr$9is1 #fa4 ,s9us ,m$ii 7a portion71 #f4 ,,second ,,quadrant4 ,m>e ,imbrium1 #e4 11 ,nubium 7! ,n4 portion71 #e4 11 ,frigoris 7a portion71 #e4 11 ,vaporum 7a portion71 #f4 ,oceanus ,procell>um 7! ,n4 portion71 #e4 ,palus ,nebul>um 7a portion71 #fb4 ,s9us ,iridum1 #hj4 11 ,m$ii 7a portion71 #f4 11 ,roris1 #ij4 11 ,ae/uum4 ,,?ird ,,quadrant4 ,m>e ,nubium 7! great] portion71 #e4 11 ,humorum1 #f4 ,oceanus ,procell>um 7! ,s4 portion71 #e4 ,s9us ,m$ii 7a small portion71 #f4 ,,f\r? ,,quadrant4 ,m>e ,foecunditatis 7! great] portion71 #e4 11 ,nect>is1 #g4 11 ,tranquilitatis 7a small portion71 #e4 11 ,au/rale1 #abg4 11 ,smy?ii 7a portion71 #ci4 ,s9us ,m$ii 7a portion71 #f4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,prom95t ,,m\nta9 ,,ranges1 ,,promontories1 ,,isolat$ ,,m\nta9s1 ,,& ,,rem>kable ,,hills4 ,,fir/ ,,quadrant4 ,! ,alps4 ,! we/]n portion ( ! range4 ,! ,ap5n9es4 ,! extreme nor!rn "p ( ! range4 ,! ,caucasus4 ,! ,haemus4 ,! ,taurus4 ,! ,nor? ,pol> ,range4 ,on ! limb ext5d+ f ,n4 lat4 #ha deg4 t[>ds ! ,e4 ,! ,humboldt ,m\nta9s4 ,on ! limb f ,n4 lat4 #gb deg4 to ,n4 lat4 #ec deg4 ,m\nt ,argaeus4 ,a m\nta9 mass ris+ "s #hjjj feet above ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis 9 ,n4 lat4 #bj deg41 ,w4 long4 #bh deg41 ,n4,w4 ( ,dawes4 ,prom4 ,a*]usia4 ,a bright promontory at ! ,w4 extremity ( ! ,haemus range1 ris+ ne>ly #ejjj feet above ! ,m>e ,s]5itatis4 ,n4 lat4 #ag deg41 ,w4 long4 #bb deg4 ,cape ,ag>um4 ,! ,n4 end ( a project+ headl& on ! ,s4,w4 side ( ! ,m>e ,crisium1 9 ,n4 lat4 #ad deg41 ,w4 long4 #ff deg41 ris+ ne>ly #aa1jjj feet above ! ,m>e4 ,le ,monni] ,a4 ,an isolat$ m\nta9 m ?an #cjjj feet high1 /&+ ab\t midway betwe5 ! extremities ( ! bay3 probably a relic ( a once complete r+4 ,sec*i4 ,s\? ( ?is =mation !re is a l(ty prom95t isolat$ m\nta94 ,manilius ,a & beta4 ,two conspicu\s m\nta9s ,n4 ( ,manilius2 ,a1 ! m we/]ly1 be+ m ?an #ejjj feet1 & beta ab\t #bjjj feet 9 height4 ,autolycus ,a4 ,a m\nta9 ( consid]able altitude1 ,s4 ( ?is =mation4 ,mont ,blanc4 ,pr9cipal peak1 ,n4 lat4 #df deg41 ,w4 long4 #j deg4 #cj m941 ne>ly #ab1jjj feet 9 height4 ,cass9i epsilon & delta4 ,two adjo9+ m\nta9 masses ,n4 ( ,cass9i1 m ?an #ejjj feet high4 ,eudoxus4 ,s4,e4 ( ?is =mation1 9 ,n4 lat4 #dc deg41 ,w4 long4 #aj deg41 are two bright m\nta9 masses1 ! m s\!rly ris+ #gjjj1 & ! o!r #djjj feet above ! surface4 ,m\nt ,hadley4 ,! nor!rn extremity ( ! ,ap5n9es1 9 ,n4 lat4 #bg deg4 ,w4 long4 #e deg41 ris+ m ?an #ae1jjj feet above ! ,m>e4 ,m\nt ,bradley4 ,a promontory ( ! ,ap5n9es1 9 ,n1 lat4 #bc deg41 ,w4 long4 #a deg41 ne>ly #ad1jjj feet above ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,! ,silb]s*lag ,range1 runn+ f ne> ! ,s4,e4 side ( ,julius ,caes> to ! region ,w4 ( ,agrippa4 ,,second ,,quadrant4 ,! ,alps4 ,! ea/]n & great] portion4 ,! ,ap5n9es4 ,ne>ly ! :ole ( ! range4 ,! ,c>pa?ians4 ,! ,t5]iffe ,m\nta9s4 ,s4,e4 ( ,plato4 ,highe/ peak1 #hjjj feet4 ,! ,/raight ,range4 ,ea/ ( ! la/1 9 ,n4 lat4 #dh deg41 ,e4 long4 #bj deg4 ,! ,h>b+] ,m\nta9s4 ,n4,w4 ( ,ari/>*us4 ,! ,h]cynian ,m\nta9s4 ,ne> ! ,n4,e4 limb1 ,e4 ( ,otto ,/ruve1 ,n4 lat4 #be deg4 ,m\nt ,huyg5s4 ,a m\nta9 mass project+ f ! esc>pm5t ( ! ,ap5n9es1 9 ,n4 lat4 #bj deg41 ,e4 long4 #c deg41 "o peak ris+ to #ah1jjj feet above ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,m\nt ,wolf4 ,a great squ>e-%ap$ m\nta9 mass1 ne> ! ,s4,e4 extremity ( ! ,ap5n9es1 9 ,n4 lat4 #ag deg41 ,e4 long4 #i deg41 ! l(tie/ peak ris+ to ne>ly #ab1jjj feet above ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,erato/h5es ,i & ,x4 ,two isolat$ m\nta9s ,n4 ( ?is =mation1 9 ,n4 lat4 #bj deg42 ,x is #ahjj feet 9 height4 ,pico4 ,a magnific5t isolat$ m\nta91 ,s4 ( ,plato1 9 ,n4 lat4 #de deg41 ,e4 long4 #i deg41 ris+ "s #hjjj feet above ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,pico ,b4 ,a triple-peak$ m\nta9 a few miles ,s4 ( ,pico4 ,piton4 ,a bright isolat$ m\nta9 #gjjj feet high1 9 ,n4 lat4 #a deg41 ,e4 long4 #a deg4 ,font9elle ,a4 ,a conspicu\s isolat$ m\nta9 ab\t #cjjj feet high1 ,s4 ( ,font9elle4 ,ar*im$es ,z4 ,a triangul>-%ap$ gr\p ,e4 ( ,ar*im$es1 9 ,n4 lat4 #ca deg41 ,e4 long4 #h deg41 ! highe/ ( ! peaks ris+ m ?an #bjjj feet4 ,c>ol9e ,h]s*el4 ,e4 ( ?is =mation is a d\ble-peak$ m\nta9 ris+ to #acjj feet4 ,grui?uis5 delta & gamma4 ,on ! ,n4 ( ?is bright crat]1 9 ,n4 lat4 #cf deg41 ,e4 long4 #dj deg41 rises a f9e m\nta91 delta1 ne>ly #fjjj feet 9 height1 & on ! ,n4,e4 ( x ! l>g] mass gamma1 almo/ z l(ty4 ,mairan4 ,!re is a gr\p ( ?ree bright little m\nta9s1 ! l(tie/ ab\t #hjj feet above ! ,m>e1 "s di/ance ,e4 ( ?is =mation4 ,eul] beta4 ,a f9e b small m\nta9 gr\p1 m ?an #cfjj feet high1 on ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 ,s4,e4 ( ,eul]4 ,! ,laplace ,promontory4 ,a magnific5t headl& on ! ,n4 side ( ! ,s9us ,iridum1 ris+ ab\t #ijjj feet above ! latt]1 & ab\t #gjjj feet above ! ,m>e ,imbrium4 ,cape ,h]aclides4 ,a f9e b less prom95t headl& on ! opposite side ( ! bay1 ris+ m ?an #djjj feet above x4 ,lahire4 ,a l>ge bright isolat$ m\nta9 9 ! ,m>e ,imbrium1 ,n4,e4 ( ,lamb]t1 9 ,n4 lat4 #bg deg41 ,e4 long4 #be deg4 ,x is1 accord+ to ,s*rot]1 ne>ly #ejjj feet high4 ,delisle beta4 ,a curi\s club-%ap$ m\nta9 on ! ,s4,e4 ( ?is =mation1 ne>ly #djjj feet 9 height4 ,py!as beta4 ,an isolat$ m\nta91 #ijj feet high1 9 ,n4 lat4 #bj deg41 ,e4 long4 #bc deg4 ,kir*4 ,!re is a small isolat$ hill a few miles ,n4 ( ?is =mation4 ,kir* ,,gamma4 ,a bright m\nta9 ab\t #gjj feet high1 9 ,n4 lat4 #ci deg41 ,e4 long4 #c deg4 ,piazzi ,smy? beta4 ,a small bright isolat$ m\nta9 on a ridge ,s4 ( ?is1 is a notewor?y object "u a l[ sun4 ,lamb]t ,,gamma4 ,9 ,n4 lat4 #bf deg41 ,e4 long4 #ah deg42 a rem>kable curv$ m\nta9 ab\t #cjjj feet 9 height1 a brilliant object "u a l[ sun4 ,d',alemb]t ,m\nta9s4 ,a range on ! ,e4 limb runn+ ,s4 f ,n4 lat4 #ab deg4 ,wolla/on4 ,an isolat$ triangul> m\nta9 ab\t midway betwe5 ?is & ,wolla/on ,b4 ,,?ird ,,quadrant4 ,! ,riphaean ,m\nta9s4 ,an isolat$ range ,s4 ( ,l&sb]g 9 ,s4 lat4 #g deg41 ,e4 long4 #bh deg4 ,!y run 9 a m]idional direction1 & rise at "o peak to ne>ly #cjjj feet above ! ,oceanus ,procell>um4 ,! ,p]cy ,m\nta9s ext5d f ! ea/]n flank ( ,gass5di t[>ds ,m]s5ius1 =m+ ! nor?-ea/]n bord] ( ! ,m>e ,humorum4 ,prom4 ,a5>ium4 ,a /eep bluff situat$ at ! nor!rn end ( a plateau1 "s di/ance ,e4 ( ,arza*el1 9 ,s4 lat4 #ah deg41 ,e4 long4 #i deg4 ,x rises "s #bjjj feet above ! ,m>e ,nubium4 ,euclides zeta & *i4 ,two m\nta9 masses ,n4 ( ?is =mation 9 ,s4 lat4 #e deg42 zeta rises ab\t #agjj feet above ! ,m>e2 bo? are evid5tly (f%oots f ! ,riphaean range4 ,l&sb]g ,h4 ,an isolat$ hill 9 ,s4 lat4 #d deg41 ,e4 long4 #be deg4 ,nicollet ,c4 ,s4,e4 ( ,nicollet1 9 ,s4 lat4 #bb deg41 ,e4 long4 #ag deg42 is hemm$ 9 by a m\nta9 mass ris+ to m ?an #bjjj feet above ! ,m>e ,nubium4 ,! ,/ag's-,horn ,m\nta9s4 ,at ! ,s4 end ( ! /raight wall1 or railroad1 9 ,s4 lat4 #bd deg41 ,e4 long4 #h deg41 a curi\s m\nta9 mass ris+ ab\t #bjjj feet above ! ,m>e ,nubium4 ,lacroix delta4 ,a m\nta9 m ?an #gjjj feet high1 ,n4 ( ,lacroix4 ,flam/e$ ,e4 ,a m\nta9 ( m ?an #cjjj feet 9 ,s4 lat4 #d deg41 ,e4 long4 #ea deg4 ,d',alemb]t ,m\nta9s4 ,a v l(ty range on ! ,e4 limb1 ext5d+ to ,s4 lat4 #aa deg4 ,! ,cordill]as4 ,close to ! ,e4 limb2 !y lie betwe5 ,s4 lat4 #h deg4 & ,s4 lat4 #bc deg4 ,rook ,m\nta9s4 ,on ! ,e4 limb1 ext5d+ f ab\t ,s4 lat4 #ah deg4 to ,s4 lat4 #ce deg4 ,accord+ to ,s*rot]1 !y atta9 a height ( #be1jjj feet4 ,dorfel ,m\nta9s4 ,on ! ,s4,e4 limb betwe5 ,s4 lat4 #eg deg4 & ,s4 lat4 #hj deg4 ,leibnitz ,m\nta9s4 ,on ! ,s4 limb ext5d+ ,w4 f ,s4 lat4 #hj deg4 beyond ! ,pole on to ! ,f\r? ,quadrant4 ,p]haps ! l(tie/ range on ! limb4 ,madl]'s measures give m ?an #bg1jjj feet z ! height ( "o peak1 & !re are sev]al o!rs ne>ly z high4 ,,f\r? ,,quadrant4 ,! ,altai ,m\nta9s4 ,a f9e conspicu\s s]p5t9e range1 ext5d+ f ! ,e4 side ( ,piccolom9i 9 a nor?-ea/]ly direction to ! region betwe5 ,tacitus & ,ca!r9a1 a l5g? ( ab\t #bge miles4 ,! l(tie/ peak is ov] #ac1jjj feet4 ,! av]age height ( ! s\!rn portion is ab\t #fjjj feet4 ,! region ly+ on ! ,s4,e4 ( ?is range is a va/ tablel&1 devoid ( prom95t objects1 ris+ gradually t[>ds ! m\nta9s1 :i* %elve rapidly d[n to an equally b>r5 expanse on ! ,n4,w4 ,! ,pyr5ees4 ,^! m\nta9s1 on ! ,e4 ( ,guttemb]g1 bord] ! we/]n side ( ! ,m>e ,nect>is4 ,_! l(tie/ peak1 ris+ ne>ly to #ab1jjj feet1 is on ! ,s4,e4 ( ,guttemb]g4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,ray-,,sy/ems1 ,,light-,,surr\nd$ ,,crat]s1 ,,& ,,light- ,,spots4 ,9 ?is li/1 :i* does claim to be exhau/ive1 mo/ ( ! objects not$ by ,s*midt are incorporat$4 ,,fir/ ,,quadrant4 ,autolycus4 ,encircl$ by a delicate nimbus1 ?r[+ out f\r or five prom95t rays ext5d+ t[>ds ,ar*im$es4 ,se5 be/ "u ev5+ illum9ation4 ,ari/illus4 ,! c5tre ( a notewor?y sy/em ( delicate rays ext5d+ ,w4 t[>ds ! ,caucasus2 & on ! ,s4 disappe>+ among ! rays ( ,autolycus4 ,!y are traceable on ! ,m>e ,nubium ne> ,kir*4 ,!aetetus4 ,a v brilliant gr\p ( little hills ,e4 ( ?is =mation4 ,eudoxus ,a4 ,a light-surr\nd$ crat] ,w4 ( ,eudoxus1 ) di/9ct long /reaks1 "o ( :i* ext5ds to ! ,s4 wall ( ,ari/oteles4 ,ari/oteles ,a4 ,a light-surr\nd$ crat] 9 ! ,m>e ,frigoris1 ,n4,e4 ( ,ari/oteles4 ,aratus4 ,a v conspicu\sly brilliant crat] 9 ! ,ap5n9es1 ) a small] light-surr\nd$ crat] ,w4 ( x4 ,sulpicius ,gallus4 ,a light spot ne>4 ,manilius4 ,surr\nd$ by a light halo & /reaks4 ,taquet4 ,has a prom95t nimbus1 & indications ( v delicate /reaks4 ,pl9ius ,a4 ,is surr\nd$ by a well-m>k$ halo4 ,posidonius gamma4 ,among ! hills ,e4 ( ?is =mation a light spot resembl+ ,l9ne1 accord+ to ,s*midt4 ,he fir/ saw x 9 #ahfg1 :5 x _h a delicate black spot 9 ! c5tre4 ,dr4 ,vogel obs]v$ & drew x 9 #ahga ) ! great refractor at ,bo?kamp4 ,^! obs]vations 7 confirm$ by ,s*midt 9 #ahge ) ! #ad-;feet refractor at ,b]l94 ,littr[4 ,a v bright light-spot ) /reaks1 on ! site ( a little crat] & well-kn[n cleft ,e4 ( ?is r+-pla94 ,rom]4 ,a light-surr\nd$ m\nta9 on ! ,e4 ,macrobius4 ,two light-surr\nd$ crat]s on ! ,e4 ( ?is =mation1 ! m nor!rly be+ ! bright]4 ,cleom$es ,a4 7,on ! floor47 ,surr\nd$ by a nimbus & rays4 ,l>ge crat]1 ,a1 on ! ,e4 has also a nimbus & rays4 ,agrippa4 ,exhibits fa9t rays4 ,god94 ,exhibits fa9t rays4 ,proclus4 ,a well-kn[n ray-c5tre1 "s ( ! rays prom95t on "p ( ! ,m>e ,crisium4 ,t>untius4 ,has a v fa9t nimbus1 ) rays1 on a d>k surface4 ,dionysius4 ,a brilliant crat] ) a prom95t1 bright1 exc5trically plac$ nimbus on a d>k surface1 on :i* di/9ct rays are display$4 ,hypatia ,b4 ,a v small bright crat] on a d>k surface3 surr\nd$ by a fa9t nimbus4 ,apollonius4 ,among ! hills ,s4 ( ?is1 !re is a small bright /reak sy/em4 ,eimm>t4 ,!re is a l>ge :ite spot ,n4,w4 ( ?is4 ,gem9us is associat$ ) a sy/em ( v delicate rays4 ,m5elaus4 ,a brilliant object4 ,x is trav]s$ by a long ray f ,ty*o4 ,,second ,,quadrant4 ,anaxagoras4 ,! c5tre ( an important ray-sy/em4 ,timo*>is is surr\nd$ by a pale irregul> nimbus & fa9t rays1 mo/ prom95tly develop$ on ! ,w4 side ( ! =mation4 ,cop]nicus4 ,next to ,ty*o1 ! mo/ ext5d$ ray-c5tre on ! visible surface4 ,"s di/ance on ! ,e41 9 ,e4 long4 #be deg41 ,n4 lat4 #aa deg41 lies a v small b conspicu\s sy/em1 & 9 ,e4 long4 #bb deg41 ,n4 lat4 #h deg4 a bright light spot among little hills4 ,gamb>t ,a4 ,a bright crat] ) l>ge nimbus & rays4 ,l&sb]g ,a4 ,a light-surr\nd$ crat] on a d>k surface1 ) companions1 ref]r$ to "u ! ,?ird ,quadrant4 ,encke4 ,!re is a light-surr\nd$ crat] ,s4 ( ?is4 ,kepl]4 ,a not$ ray-c5tre4 ,x is surr\nd$ by an ext5sive halo1 especially well develop$ on ! ,e41 across ! ,m>e ,procell>um4 ,bess>ion4 ,two bright crat]s3 ! m nor!rly is prom95tly light-surr\nd$1 :ile its companion is less conspicu\sly s4 ,ari/>*us4--,! mo/ conspicu\s bright c5tre on ! moon1 ! orig9 ( a complicat$ ray-sy/em4 ,delisle4 ,s4 ( ?is =mation !re is a tol]ably bright spot on ! site ( "s hills4 ,timaeus4 ,a ray-c5tre4 ,eul]4 ,feeble halo ) /reaks4 ,galileo4 ,betwe5 ?is & ,re9] is a curi\s bright =mation ) %ort rays1 ref]r$ to 9 ! ,catalogue1 "u ,re9]4 ,caval]ius4 ,a light /reak orig9at+ 9 ! ,w4 wall1 & ext5d+ on to ! ,oceanus ,procell>um4 ,olb]s4 ,a consid]able ray-sy/em1 b seldom di/9ctly visible4 ,li*t5b]g4 ,fa9tly light-surr\nd$4 ,,?ird ,,quadrant4 ,ty*o4 ,! l>ge/ & be/ kn[n sy/em on ! visible surface4 ,zu*ius4 ,a rem>kable ray-sy/em1 b "o :i* is only well se5 :5 libration is fav\rable4 ,bailly4 ,n4 ( ! c5tre ( ?is great enclosure are two v di/9ct radiat+ /reaks4 ,s*ick>d4 ,f\r conspicu\s light spots1 probably crat]s1 on ! ,s4,e4 ,byrgius ,a4 ,a brilliant ray-c5tre1 mo/ ( ! rays tr5d+ ea/w>d f a nimbus4 ,ha9zel4 ,!re are sev]al bright spots ,e4 ( ?is =mation4 ,m]s5ius4 ,two or ?ree light-rays orig9ate f a po9t on ! ,w4 ramp>t4 ,m]s5ius ,c4 ,a light-surr\nd$ crat] ) %ort rays4 ,grimaldi4 ,!re are ?ree bright spots on ! ,w4 wall4 ,damoiseau4 ,a light-surr\nd$ crat] ,w4 ( ,damoiseau1 ,e4 long4 #eh deg41 ,s4 lat4 #f deg4 ,flam/e$ ,c4 ,a light-surr\nd$ crat] on a d>k surface4 ,lubi5iezky ,a4 ,crat] ) halo on a d>k surface4 ,lubi5iezky ,f4 ,crat] ) halo on a d>k surface4 ,lubi5iezky ,g4 ,crat] ) halo on a d>k surface4 ,birt a4 ,a light-surr\nd$ crat]4 ,l&sb]g4 ,e4 ( ,l&sb]g1 f\r light-surr\nd$ crat]s1 =m+ ) ,l&sb]g ,a 79 ! ,second ,quadrant7 an int]e/+ gr\p4 ,lohrmann ,a4 ,a light-surr\nd$ crat]1 ) a light area a few miles ,n4 ( x4 ,s4 lat4 #a deg41 ,e4 long4 #fa deg4 ,euclides4 ,has a conspicu\s nimbus ) traces ( rays1 a typical example4 ,gu]ike4 ,!re is a crat]1 ) nimbus1 ,w4 ( ?is1 9 ,e4 long4 #ab deg41 ,s4 lat4 #aa deg4 #e m94 ,p>ry4 ,a v brilliant light-spot 9 ! ,s4 wall4 ,p>ry ,a4 ,surr\nd$ by a bright nimbus4 ,alpetragius ,b4 ,a conspicu\s light-surr\nd$ crat]1 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable on ! moon4 ,alpetragius d 7,e4 long4 #aa deg41 ,s4 lat4 #ac deg4 #h m9474 ,a bright spot1 se5 by ,madl] z a crat]1 b :i*1 z ,s*midt f\nd 9 #ahfh1 no long] answ]s to ?is description4 ,mo/+ ,c4 ,a light-surr\nd$ crat]4 ,lal&e4 ,has a l>ge nimbus & di/9ct rays4 ,hell4 ,a l>ge ill-def9$ spot 9 ,e4 long4 #d deg41 ,s4 lat4 #cc deg4 ,?is is mo/ probably ! site ( ! :ite cl\d se5 by ,cass9i4 ,m]cator4 ,!re is a brilliant crat] & light area "u ,e4 wall4 ,,f\r? ,,quadrant4 ,/ev9us a4 ,a crat] ,e4 ( ,/ev9us2 x is a c5tre ( wide ext5d+ rays4 ,furn]ius ,a4 ,prom95tly light-surr\nd$1 ) bright /reaks1 radiat+ = a long di/ance ,n4 & ,s4 ,messi] ,a4 ,! well-kn[n ,comet rays1 ext5d+ ,e4 ( ?is4 ,langr5us4 ,has a l>ge b v pale ray-sy/em4 ,x is be/ se5 "u a l[ ev5+ sun4 ,?ree long /reaks radiate t[>ds ! ,e4 f ! foot ( ! glacis ( ! ,s4,e4 wall4 ,c5sor9us4 ,a v brilliant crat] ) fa9t rays4 ,!ophilus4 ,! c5tral m\nta9 is fa9tly light-surr\nd$4 ,madl]4 ,?is r+-pla9 & ! neighb\rhood on ! ,n4 & ,n4,w41 include _m bright areas & curi\s /reaks4 ,almanon4 ,ab\t midway betwe5 ?is & ,argel&] is a v brilliant little crat]4 ,beaumont4 ,betwe5 ?is & ,cyrillus /& ?ree consid]able crat]s ) nimbi4 ,cyrillus ,a4 ,a prom95t light-surr\nd$ crat]4 ,alfraganus4 ,a light-surr\nd$ crat] ) rays4 ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,lun> ,,t]m9ator ,?\gh ! position ( ! ,lun> ,t]m9ator is giv5 = mean midnight ?r\gh\t ! ye> 9 t v useful publication ! ,companion to ! ,obs]vatory1 x is frequ5tly important 9 exam9+ or comp>+ =m] draw+s & obs]vations to asc]ta9 its position at ! times :5 !y 7 made4 ,= ?is purpose ! subjo9$ tables 7:i* fir/ appe>$ 9 ! ,sel5ographical ,j\rnal7 w be f\nd useful1 z !y give = any day betwe5 ,a4,d4 #aghj & ,a4,d4 #aijj ! sel5ographical longitude ( ! po9t :]e ! t]m9ator crosses ! moon's equator1 :i* x does v ne>ly at "r angles4 ,tables & examples ,,lun> ,,elem5ts ,moon's mean app>5t diamet] - #ca m94 #h sec4 ,moon's maximum app>5t diamet] - #cc m94 #cc4bj sec4 ,moon's m9imum app>5t diamet] - #bi m94 #bc4fe sec4 ,moon's diamet]1 9 miles - #bafc miles4 ,volume 7e>?'s #a7 - #a_/di4bj or #j4jbjcc4 ,mass 7e>?'s #a7 - #a_/ha4dj or #j4jabh4 ,d5sity 7e>?'s #a7 - #j4fjdai1 or #c4ddd ! d5sity ( wat] 7wat] be+ unity74 ,surface area1 ab\t #ad1fjj1jjj squ>e miles 7e>?'s surface area1 #aif1hgj1jjj miles7 ,e>?'s surface area #a1 moon's - ,ab\t #b_/bg or #j4jgdjg4 ,action ( gravity at surface - #j4afdhi or #a_/f4jfe ( ! e>?'s4 ,surface ( moon nev] se5 - #j4dajj4 ,surface ( moon se5 at "o "t or ano!r - #j4eijj4 ,synodical revolution1 or int]val f new moon to new moon 7commonly call$ a lunation7 - #bi d4 #ab h4 #dd m4 #b4fhd s4 - #bi4ecjehhg days4 ,sid]eal revolution1 or "t tak5 9 pass+ f "o /> to ! same /> aga9 - #bg d4 #g h4 #dc m4 #aa4ede s4 - #bg4cbaffad days4 ,tropical revolution1 or "t tak5 9 pass+ f ! fir/ po9t ( ,aries to ! same po9t aga9 - #bg d4 #g h4 #dc m4 #d4fh s4 - #bg4cbaehb days4 ,anomali/ic revolution1 or "t tak5 9 pass+ f p]igee to p]igee - #bg d4 #ac h4 #ah m4 #cg4dd s4 - #bg4eedfj days4 ,nodical revolution1 or "t tak5 9 pass+ f ris+ node to ris+ node - #bg d4 #e;h4 #em4 #ce4ha s4 - #bg4babbb days4 ,di/ance 7mean7 9 t]ms ( ! equatorial radius ( ! e>? - #fj4bg4 ,di/ance 9 miles 7mean7 - #bch1hdj miles4 ,di/ance1 maximum - #beb1igb miles4 ,di/ance1 m9imum - #bba1fad miles4 ,mean exc5tricity ( moon's orbit - #j4jedijhjg4 ,incl9ation ( moon's orbit to ! ecliptic 7mean7 - #e deg4 #h m94 #ci4if sec4 ,incl9ation ( moon's axis to ! ecliptic - #hg deg4 #bg m94 #ea sec4 ,incl9ation ( moon's equator to ! ecliptic - #a deg4 #cb m94 #i sec4 ,maximum libration 9 latitude - #f deg4 #dd m94 ,maximum libration 9 longitude - #g deg4 #de m94 ,maximum total libration f e>?'s c5tre - #aj deg4 #af m94 ,maximum diurnal libration - #a deg4 #a m94 #bh4h sec4 ,angle subt5d$ by "o degree ( sel5ographical latitude & longitude at ! c5tre ( ! moon's disc1 :5 at its mean di/ance - #af4eff sec4 ,l5g? ( a degree "u ^! conditions - #ah4hga miles4 ,sel5ographical arc at ! c5tre ( ! moon's surface1 subt5d+ an angle ( "o second ( arc - #c m94 #cg4ca sec4 ,miles at ! c5tre ( ! moon's disc1 subt5d+ an angle ( "o second ( arc - #a4aci ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is value is increas$1 9 dep>t+ f ! c5tre1 9 ! proportion ( ! secants ( ! angul> di/ance f ! c5tre4 ,p]iod ( simil> phase - #ei d4 #a;h4 #bhm4 #b lunations4 ,or1 m accurately - #ddb d4 #bc h4 #ae lunations4