by the ,library of ,congress7           
,arbor ,day ,leaves   ,,by  ,n4,h4      
,,egleston  ,,of ,,the ,,forestry       
,,division ,,of ,,the ,,department ,,of 
,,agriculture ,,washington2 ,,author    
,,of ,,hand-,,book ,,of                 
,,tree-,,planting1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4       
,,american ,,book ,,company ,,new ,,york
 ,,cincinnati ,,chicago  ,arbor ,day    
,leaves  ,,will ,,be ,,supplied ,,to    
,superintendents1 ,teachers1 and ,school
 ,officers for their schools at the     
following rates3  ,single ,copy1 postage
 paid to any address             #aj    
cents #be ,copies1 postage or express   
paid to any address       #b4jj #ajj    
,copies1 postage or express paid to any 
address       #e4jj   ,,address         
,,american ,,book ,,company  #hjf and   
#hjh ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 #acg ,walnut
 ,street1 ,cincinnati4 #beh and #bfj    
,wabash ,avenue1 ,chicago4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,,our    
,,complete ,,descriptive ,,list  ,a     
,great ,catalogue4 ,over #b1jjj volumes 

are described in the #ba sections of our
 ,descriptive ,catalogue4 ,these are    
published separately4 ,the subjects are3
   #a4 ,reading  #b4 ,supplementary     
,reading  #c4 ,arithmetics  #d4 ,higher 
,mathematics  #e4 ,penmanship1 etc4  #f4
 ,geography  #g4 ,history  #h4 ,spelling
  #i4 ,english ,language #aj4 ,drawing  
#aa4 ,music #ab4 ,book-keeping #ac4     
,ancient ,language #ad4 ,modern         
,language #ae4 ,science #af4 ,botany    
#ag4 ,philosophy1 ,psychology1 etc4 #ah4
 ,civics and ,economics #ai4 ,pedagogy1 
,records1 etc4 #bj4 ,elocution #ba4     
,maps and ,charts  ,on application1 we  
will mail those which interest you4     
,,american ,,book ,,company  ,,new      
,,york ,,cincinnati ,,chicago     ,arbor
 ,day ,leaves  ,a ,,complete ,,programme
 ,,for ,,arbor ,,day ,,observance1      
,,including ,,readings1 ,,recitations1  
,,music1 ,,and ,,general ,,information  
,n4,h4 ,,egleston  ,,of ,,the ,,forestry
 ,,division ,,of ,,the ,,department ,,of
 ,,agriculture1 ,,washington4 ,,author  

,,of ,,hand-,,book ,,of                 
,,tree-,,planting1 ,,etc4  ,illustration
  ,,copyright1 #ahic1 ,,by ,,american   
,,book ,,company ,,new ,,york           
,,cincinnati ,,chicago ,,boston         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,contents4                  ,,page     
,introduction      #b ,origin of ,arbor 
,day      #b ,readings for ,arbor ,day  
#c   ,about ,trees--7,j4 ,sterling      
,morton7      #c   ,leaves1 and ,what   
,they ,do      #e   ,bryant1 the ,poet  
of ,trees      #h   ,forest             
,hymn--7,bryant7      #h   ,james       
,russell ,lowell      #i   ,the         
,oak--7,james ,russell ,lowell7      #i 
,what ,one ,tree is ,worth      #aa     
,enduring ,character of the             
,forests--7,susan ,fenimore ,cooper7    
#aa   ,the ,popular ,poplar             
,tree--7,blanch ,willis ,howard7        
#ab   ,forestry and the ,need of        
,it--7,hon4 ,adolph ,len7      #ab      
,tree ,weather ,proverbs      #ac       
,flowers      #ac ,arbor ,day           

,celebrations      #ad   ,growing       
,observance of ,arbor ,day      #ad     
,states and ,territories ,observing     
,arbor ,day      #ae   ,encouraging     
,words      #ae   ,the ,best ,use of    
,arbor ,day      #af   ,trees in ,their 
,leafless ,state      #ah ,programme for
 ,arbor ,day      #ai   ,i4 ,exercises  
in the ,school ,room      #ai   ,,ii4   
,the ,march      #bd   ,,iii4 ,exercises
 at the ,tree ,planting      #be        
,,introduction4   ,in preparing the     
second number of our manual for ,arbor  
,day1 we have endeavored to keep in mind
 the fact that ,arbor ,day was          
originally designed not as a mere       
festival or holiday1 a pleasant occasion
 for children or adults1 but to         
encourage the planting of trees for a   
serious purpose--the lasting benefit of 
the country in all its interests4 ,as   
the poet ,whittier has so well said1    
,the wealth1 beauty1 fertility1 and     
healthfulness of the country largely    
depend upon the conservation of our     

forests and the planting of trees4      
,arbor ,day is not a floral festival1   
except as the trees may offer their     
bright blossoms for the occasion4 ,in   
making our selections from authors1     
therefore1 we have restricted ourselves 
to what they have said about trees1 and 
have endeavored also to choose only such
 selections as are of high literary     
character1 and so1 not only admissible  
for occasional use but worthy to be     
learned and carried in memory for life2 
trees of thought which may be planted in
 the young minds in connection with     
,arbor ,day1 to grow with their growth  
and be perpetual sources of enjoyment4  
,,origin ,,of ,,arbor ,,day4  ,to ,j4   
,sterling ,morton1 ex-,governor of      
,nebraska1 and ,secretary of            
,agriculture under ,president           
,cleveland1 belongs the honor of        
originating this tree-planting festival1
 and he is popularly known throughout   
our whole country as the father of      
,arbor ,day4 ,so well has the day been  

observed in ,nebraska since #ahgb that  
there are now over #gjj1jjj acres of    
trees in that state planted by human    
hands4  ,the successful establishment of
 the day in ,nebraska commended it at   
once to the people of other states1 and 
it was soon adopted by ,kansas1 ,iowa1  
and ,minnesota1 and was not long in     
making its way into ,michigan and ,ohio4
  ,in the latter state it took on a new 
character1 which has caused it to spread
 rapidly throughout the country4 ,the   
teachers and pupils of the schools were 
invited to unite in its observance1 and 
instead of trees being planted merely as
 screens from the winds1 they were also 
planted for ornamental purposes and as  
memorials of important historical events
 and of celebrated persons1 authors1    
statesmen1 and others4 ,thus the        
tree-planting has gained a literary     
aspect and an interest for all classes1 
for young as well as old4 ,in           
preparation for it the pupils of the    
schools have been led to the study of   

trees1 their characteristics and uses4  
,they have learned the history of       
celebrated trees and of persons who have
 been connected with them4 ,they have   
become familiar with the lives of       
eminent persons and the best writings of
 distinguished authors1 and thus have   
received most valuable instruction1     
while1 at the same time1 their finer    
tastes have been cultivated4  ,since the
 observance of the day has been         
modified1 as it was on its introduction 
into ,ohio1 it has spread rapidly       
through the country and at present      
forty-four states and territories       
celebrate ,arbor ,day4 ,its every way   
healthful and desirable features have so
 generally commended it also that it has
 gained a foothold abroad and has begun 
to be observed in ,england1 ,scotland1  
,france1 and even in far-off ,south     
,africa4 ,it has become preminently a   
school day and a school festival4 ,in   
many cases school teachers and          
superintendents have introduced its     

observance4 ,but it has soon so         
commended itself to all that1 in most   
cases1 it has been established by law   
and made a legal holiday4     ,readings 
for ,arbor ,day4  ,,about ,,trees4      
,from the originator of ,arbor ,day4    
,a tree is the perfection in strength1  
beauty1 and usefulness of vegetable     
life4 ,it stands majestic through the   
sun and storm of centuries4 ,resting in 
summer beneath its cooling shade1 or    
sheltering besides its massive trunk    
from the chilling blast of winter1 we   
are prone to forget the little seed     
whence it came4 ,trees are no respecters
 of persons4 ,they grow as luxuriantly  
beside the cabin of the pioneer as      
against the palace of the millionaire4  
,trees are not proud4 ,what is this     
tree8 ,this great trunk1 these stalwart 
limbs1 these beautiful branches1 these  
gracefully bending boughs1 these        
gorgeous flowers1 this flashing foliage 
and ripening fruit1 purpling in the     
autumnal haze are only living materials 

organized in the laboratory of ,nature's
 mysteries out of rain1 sunlight1 dews1 
and earth4 ,on this spot1 in this tree1 
a metamorphosis has so deftly taken     
place that it has failed to excite even 
the wonder of the majority of men4      
,illustration  ,here1 sixty years ago1 a
 school boy planted an acorn4 ,spring   
came1 then the germ of this oak began to
 attract the moisture of the soil4 ,the 
shell of the acorn was then broken open 
by the internal growth of the embryo    
oak4 ,it sent downward a rootlet to get 
soil and water1 and upward it shot a    
stem to which the first pair of leaves  
was attached4 ,these leaves are thick   
and fleshy4 ,they constitute the greater
 bulk of the acorn4 ,they are the first 
care-takers of the young oak4 ,once out 
of the earth and in the sunlight they   
expand1 assume a finer texture1 and     
begin their usefulness as nursing       
leaves1 folia nutrientia4 ,they contain 
a store of starch elaborated in the     
parent oak which bore the acorn4  ,in   

tree infancy the nursing leaves take    
oxygen from the air1 and through its    
influence the starch in the nursing     
leaves is transmuted into a tree        
baby-food1 called dextrine1 which is    
conveyed by the water absorbed during   
germination to the young rootlet and to 
the gemmule and also to the first aerial
 leaf4 ,so fed1 this leaf expands1 and  
remains on the stem all summer4 ,the    
nursing leaves die when the aerial      
leaves have taken their food away1 and  
then the first stage of oak hood has    
begun4 ,it has subterranean and         
superterranean organs1 the former       
finding plant-food in the earth1 and the
 latter gathering it in the air1 the    
sunlight1 and the storm4 ,the rootlets  
in the dark depths of soil1 the foliage 
in the sunlit air1 begin now their      
common joint labor of constructing a    
majestic oak4 ,phosphates and all the   
delicacies of plant-food are brought in 
from the secret stores of the earth by  
the former1 while foliage and twig and  

trunk are busy in catching sunbeams1    
air1 and thunderstorms1 to imprison in  
the annual increment of solid wood4     
,there is no light coming from your     
wood1 corncob1 or coal fire which some  
vegetable ,prometheus did not1 in its   
days of growth1 steal from the sun and  
secrete in the mysteries of a vegetable 
organism4  ,combustion lets loose the   
captive rays and beams which growing    
plants imprisoned years1 centuries1 even
 eons ago1 long before human life began 
its earthly career4 ,the interdependence
 of animal and tree life is perennial4  
,the intermission of a single season of 
a vegetable life and growth on the earth
 would exterminate our own and all the  
animal races4 ,the trees1 the forests   
are essential to man's health and life4 
,when the last tree shall have been     
destroyed there will be no man left to  
mourn the improvidence and              
thoughtlessness of the forest-destroying
 race to which he belonged4  ,in all    
civilizations man has cut down and      

consumed1 but seldom restored or        
replanted1 the forests4 ,in biblical    
times ,palestine was lovely in the      
foliage of the palm1 and the purpling   
grapes hung upon her hillsides and      
gleamed in her fertile valleys like gems
 in the diadems of her princes4 ,but    
man1 thoughtless of the future1 careless
 of posterity1 destroyed and replaced   
not2 so1 where the olive and the        
pomegranate and the vine once held up   
their luscious fruit for the sun to     
kiss1 all is now infertility1           
desolation1 desert1 and solitude4 ,the  
orient is dead to civilization1 dead to 
commerce1 dead to intellectual          
development4 ,the orient died of        
treelessness4  ,from the grave of the   
eastern nations comes the tree monition 
to the western4 ,the occident like the  
orient would expire with the destruction
 of all its forests and woodlands4      
,twenty-five thousand acres of woodland 
are consumed by the railroads1 the      
manufactories1 and the homes of the     

,united ,states every twenty-four hours4
 ,how many are planted8 ,to avert       
treelessness1 to improve the climatic   
conditions1 for the sanitation and      
embellishment of home environments1 for 
the love of the beautiful and useful    
combined in the music and majesty of a  
tree1 as fancy and truth unite in an    
epic poem1 ,arbor ,day was created4 ,it 
has grown with the vigor and beneficence
 of a grand truth or a great tree4 ,it  
faces the future4 ,it is the only       
anniversary in which humanity looks     
futureward instead of pastward1 in which
 there is a consensus of thought for    
those who are to come after us1 instead 
of reflections concerning those who have
 gone before us4 ,it is a practical     
anniversary4 ,it is a beautiful         
anniversary4 ,to the common schools of  
the country ,i confide its perpetuation 
and usefulness with the same abiding    
faith that ,i would commit the acorn to 
the earth1 the tree to the soil1 or     
transmit the light on the shore to far  

off ships on the waves beyond1 knowing  
certainly that loveliness1 comfort1 and 
great contentment shall come to humanity
 everywhere because of its thoughtful   
and practical observance by all the     
civilized peoples of the earth4  ,j4    
,,sterling ,,morton4   ,illustration    
,,leaves1 ,,and ,,what ,,they ,,do4     
,the leaves of the trees afford an      
almost endless study and a constant     
delight4 ,frail1 fragile things1 easily 
crumpled and torn1 they are wonderful in
 their delicate structure1 and more     
wonderful if possible on account of the 
work which they perform4  ,they are     
among the most beautiful things offered 
to our sight4 ,some one has well said   
that the beauty of the world depends as 
much upon leaves as upon flowers4 ,we   
think of the bright colors of flowers   
and are apt to forget or fail to notice 
the coloring of leaves4 ,but what a     
picture of color1 beyond anything that  
flowers can give us1 is spread before   
our sight for weeks every autumn1 when  

the leaves ripen and take on hues like  
those of the most gorgeous sunset skies1
 and the wide landscape is all aglow    
with them4 ,a wise observer has called  
attention also to the fact that the     
various kinds of trees have in the early
 springtime also1 only in a more subdued
 tone1 the same colors which they put on
 in the autumn4 ,if we notice the leaves
 carefully1 we shall see that there is a
 great variety of color in them all     
through the year4 ,while the prevailing 
color1 or the body color so to speak1 is
 green1 and the general tone of the     
trees seen in masses is green--the most 
pleasant of all colors to be abidingly  
before the sight--this is prevented from
 becoming dull or somber because it     
comprises almost innumerable tints and  
shades of the self-same color1 while    
other distinct colors are mingled with  
it to such an extent as to enliven the  
whole foliage mass4 ,spots of yellow1 of
 red1 of white1 and of intermediate     
colors are dashed upon the green leaves 

or become the characteristic hues of    
entire trees1 and so there is brought   
about an endless variety and beauty of  
color4  ,then there is the beauty of    
form1 size1 position1 and arrangement4  
,of the one hundred and fifty thousand  
or more known species of trees1 the     
leaves of each have a characteristic    
shape4 ,the leaves of no two species are
 precisely alike in form4 ,more than    
this is also true4 ,no two leaves upon  
the same tree are in this respect alike4
 ,while there is a close resemblance    
among the leaves of a given tree1 so    
that one familiar with trees would not  
be in doubt of their belonging to the   
same tree1 though he should see them    
only when detached1 yet there is more or
 less variation1 some subtle difference 
in the notching or curving of the       
leaf-edge perhaps1 so that each leaf has
 a form of its own4 ,these differences  
of shape in the leaves are a constant   
source of beauty4  ,what a variety of   
size also have the leaves1 from those of

 the birches and willows to those of the
 sycamores1 the catalpas and the        
paulownias4 ,on the same tree also the  
leaves vary in size1 those nearest the  
ground and nearest the trunk being      
usually larger than those more remote4  
,how different as to beauty would the   
trees be if their leaves were all of the
 same size2 how much less pleasing to   
the sight4  ,then what a wide difference
 is there in the position of the leaves 
on the trees and their relative         
adjustment to each other8 ,sometimes    
they grow singly1 sometimes in pairs1   
sometimes in whirls or clusters4 ,some  
droop1 others spread horizontally1 while
 others still are more or less erect4   
,the leaves of some trees cling close to
 the branches1 others are connected with
 the branches by stems of various length
 and so are capable of greater or less  
movement4 ,the leaves of poplars and    
aspens have a peculiarly flattened stem1
 by reason of which the slightest breath
 of wind puts them in motion4  ,these   

are some of the most obvious            
characteristics of the leaves1 and by   
which they are made the source of so    
much of the beauty of the world in which
 we live4 ,it will be a source of much  
pleasure to anyone who will begin now1  
in the season of swelling buds and      
opening leaves1 to watch the leaves as  
they unfold and notice their various    
forms and colors and compare them one   
with another4 ,there is no better way of
 gaining valuable knowledge of trees    
than this1 for the trees are known by   
their leaves4  ,but let us turn now from
 their outward appearance and consider  
what is done by them1 for the leaves are
 among the great workers of the world1  
or1 if we may not speak of them as      
workers1 a most important work is done  
in or by means of them1 a work upon     
which our own life depends and that of  
all the living tribes around us4  ,every
 leaf is a laboratory1 in which1 by the 
help of that great magician1 the sun1   
most wonderful changes and              

transformations are wrought4 ,by the aid
 of the sun the crude sap which is taken
 up from the ground is converted by the 
leaves into a substance which goes to   
build up every part of the tree and     
causes it to grow larger from year to   
year2 so that instead of the tree making
 the leaves1 as we commonly think1 the  
leaves really make the tree4  ,leaves1  
like other parts of the plant or tree1  
are composed of cells and also of woody 
material4 ,the ribs and veins of the    
leaves are the woody part4 ,by their    
stiffness they keep the leaves spread   
out so that the sun can act upon them   
fully1 and they prevent them also from  
being broken and destroyed by the winds 
as they otherwise would be4 ,they serve 
also as ducts or conduits by which the  
crude sap is conveyed to the leaves1 and
 by which when it has there been made   
into plant food1 it is carried into all 
parts of the tree for its nourishment4  
,protected and upheld by these expanded 
woody ribs1 the body of the leaf        

consists of a mass of pulpy cells       
arranged somewhat loosely1 so that there
 are spaces between them through which  
air can freely pass4 ,over this mass of 
cells there is a skin1 or epidermis as  
it is called1 the green surface of the  
leaf4 ,in this there are multitudes of  
minute openings1 or breathing pores1    
through which air is admitted1 and      
through which also water or watery vapor
 passes out into the surrounding        
atmosphere4 ,in the leaf of the white   
lily there are as many as #fj1jjj of    
these openings in every square inch of  
surface and in the apple leaf not fewer 
than #bd1jjj4 ,these breathing pores1   
called stomates1 are mostly on the under
 side of the leaf1 except in the case of
 leaves which float upon the water4     
,there is a beautiful contrivance also  
in connection with these pores1 by which
 they are closed when the air around is 
dry and the evaporation of the water    
from the leaves would be so rapid as to 
be harmful to the tree1 and are opened  

when the surrounding atmosphere is      
moist4  ,the green color of the leaves  
is owing to the presence in the cells of
 minute green grains or granules1 called
 chlorophyll1 which means leaf-green1   
and these granules are indispensable to 
the carrying on of the important work   
which takes place in the leaves4 ,they  
are more numerous and also packed more  
closely together near the upper surface 
of the leaf than they are near the      
lower4 ,it is because of this that the  
upper surface is of a deeper green than 
the lower4  ,such1 then1 is the         
laboratory of the leaf1 the place where 
certain inorganic1 lifeless substances  
such as water1 lime1 sulphur1 potash1   
and phosphorus are transformed and      
converted into living and organic       
vegetable matter1 and from which this is
 sent forth to build up every part of   
the tree from deepest root to topmost   
sprig4 ,it is in the leaves also that   
all the food of man and all other       
animals is prepared1 for if any do not  

feed upon vegetable substances directly 
but upon flesh1 that flesh nevertheless 
has been made only as vegetable food has
 been eaten to form it4 ,it is1 as the  
,bible says1 ,the tree of the field is  
man's life4  ,but let us consider a     
little further the work of the leaves4  
,the tree is made up almost wholly of   
oxygen1 hydrogen1 and carbon4 ,it is    
easy to see where the oxygen and        
hydrogen are obtained1 for they are the 
two elements which compose water1 and   
that1 we have seen1 the roots are       
absorbing from the ground all the while 
and sending through the body of the tree
 into the leaves4 ,but where does the   
carbon come from8 ,a little examination 
will show4  ,the atmosphere is composed 
of several gases1 mainly of oxygen and  
nitrogen4 ,besides these1 however1 it   
contains a small portion of carbonic    
acid1 that is1 carbon chemically united 
with oxygen4 ,the carbonic acid is of no
 use to us directly1 and in any but very
 minute quantities is harmful2 but the  

carbon in it1 if it can be separated    
from the oxygen1 is just what the tree  
and every plant wants4 ,and now the work
 of separating the carbon from the      
oxygen is precisely that which is done  
in the wonderful laboratory of the leaf4
 ,under the magic touch of the sun1 the 
carbonic acid of the atmosphere which   
has entered the leaf through the        
breathing pores or stomates and is      
circulating through the air-passages and
 cells1 is decomposed1 that is1 taken to
 pieces2 the oxygen is poured out into  
the air along with the watery vapor of  
the crude sap1 while the carbon is      
combined with the elements of water and 
other substances which we have          
mentioned1 to form the elaborated sap or
 plant-material which is now ready to be
 carried from the leaves to all parts of
 the plant or tree1 to nourish it and   
continue its growth4 ,such is the       
important and wonderful work of the     
leaf1 the tender1 delicate leaf1 which  
we crumple so easily in our fingers4 ,it

 builds up1 atom by atom1 the tree and  
the great forests which beautify the    
world and provide for us a thousand     
comforts and conveniences4 ,our houses  
and the furniture in them1 our boats and
 ships1 the cars in which we fly so     
swiftly1 the many beautiful and useful  
things which are manufactured from wood 
of various kinds1 all these1 by the help
 of the sun1 are furnished us by the    
tiny leaves of the trees4   ,,bryant1   
,,the ,,poet ,,of ,,trees4       ,it is 
pleasant1 as ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,curtis   
has said1 to      remember1 on ,arbor   
,day1 that ,bryant1 our oldest ,american
      poet and the father of our        
,american literature1 is      especially
 the poet of trees4 ,he grew up among   
the solitary      hills of western      
,massachusetts1 where the woods were his
      nursery and the trees his earliest
 comrades4 ,the solemnity      of the   
forest breathes through all his verse1  
and he had      always1 even in the     
city1 a grave1 rustic air1 as of a man  

who heard the babbling brooks and to    
whom the trees told      their secrets4 
,his ,forest ,hymn is familiar to many1 
but it cannot be too      familiar4 ,it 
would be well if teachers would         
encourage their      pupils to commit   
the whole1 or portions of it1 at least1 
to      memory4 ,let it be made a       
reading lesson1 but1 in making it       
such1 let pains be taken to point out   
its felicities of      expression1 its  
beautiful moral tone and lofty          
sentiment1      and its wise counsels   
for life and conduct4 ,nothing could be 
more appropriate1 especially for the    
indoor portion of the      ,arbor ,day  
exercises1 than to have this poem1 or   
portions of      it1 read by some pupil 
in full sympathy with its spirit1 or    
by some class in concert4  ,,forest     
,,hymn4      ,the groves were ,god's    
first temples1 ere man learned     ,to  
hew the shaft and lay the architrave    
,and spread the roof above them1 ere he 
framed     ,the lofty vault to gather   

and roll back     ,the sound of anthems2
 in the darkling wood1     ,amidst the  
cool and silence1 he knelt down     ,and
 offered to the ,mightiest solemn thanks
     ,and supplications4 ,for his simple
 heart     ,might not resist the sacred 
influences     ,which from the stilly   
twilight of the place     ,and from the 
gray old trunks that high in heaven     
,mingled their mossy boughs1 and from   
the sound     ,of the invisible breath  
that swayed at once     ,all their green
 tops1 stole over him and bowed     ,his
 spirit with the thought of boundless   
power     ,and inaccessible majesty4    
,ah1 why     ,should we1 in the world's 
riper years1 neglect     ,god's ancient 
sanctuaries and adore     ,only among   
the crowd and under roofs     ,that our 
frail hands have raised8 ,let me1 at    
least1     ,here1 in the shadow of this 
ancient wood1     ,offer one hymn1      
thrice happy if it find     ,acceptance 
in ,his ear4      --,,bryant4   ,,james 
,,russell ,,lowell4  ,we can hardly see 

or think of trees without being reminded
 of ,mr4 ,lowell1 whose death during the
 last year was so great a loss4 ,he was 
eminently a lover of trees1 and they    
were the inspiration of some of his best
 prose and poetry4 ,this love of trees  
led him to call his pleasant place of   
residence1 in ,cambridge1 ,elmwood4 ,in 
making up our selections for reading or 
recitation on ,arbor ,day1 the writings 
of no one have been turned to more      
often1 probably1 than those of ,mr4     
,lowell1 and it will be very proper if  
we make this year's observance          
distinguished by the abundance of our   
extracts from his various works4 ,we may
 well also plant memorial trees in honor
 of him4 ,no one is more worthy of such 
honor1 and we can hardly do any better  
thing than to plant trees which shall   
bear his name and remind us hereafter of
 his noble words and noble life4 ,and no
 memorial of him would be more          
appropriate or more accordant with his  
own feelings than a growing tree4 ,this 

is abundantly shown by the following    
letter1 written only a few years ago1   
when it was proposed in one of our      
schools1 to plant on ,arbor ,day1 a tree
 in his memory4  ,i can think of no more
 pleasant way of being remembered than  
by the planting of a tree4 ,like        
whatever things are perennially good1 it
 will be growing while we are sleeping1 
and will survive us to make others      
happier4 ,birds will rest in it and fly 
thence with messages of good cheer4 ,i  
should be glad to think that any word or
 deed of mine could be such a perennial 
presence of beauty1 or show so benign a 
destiny4   ,illustration  ,,the ,,oak4  
,what gnarled stretch1 what depth of    
shade1 is his8       ,there needs no    
crown to mark the forest's king2        
,how in his leaves outshines full       
summer's bliss6       ,sun1 storm1 rain1
 dew1 to him their tribute bring1       
,which he1 with such benignant royalty  
,accepts1 as overpayeth what is lent2   
,all nature seems his vassal proud to   

be1       ,and cunning only for his     
ornament4      ,how towers he1 too1 amid
 the billowed snows1       ,an unquelled
 exile from the summer's throne1        
,whose plain1 uncintured front more     
kingly shows1       ,now that the       
obscuring courtier leaves are flown4    
,his boughs make music of the winter    
air1       ,jewelled with sleet1 like   
some cathedral front     ,where clinging
 snow-flakes with quaint art repair     
,the dents and furrows of ,time's       
envious brunt4      ,how doth his       
patient strength the rude ,march wind   
,persuade to seem glad breaths of summer
 breeze1     ,and win the soil that fain
 would be unkind1       ,to swell his   
revenues with proud increase6     ,he is
 the gem2 and all the landscape wide    
7,so doth his grandeur isolate the      
sense7     ,seems but the setting1      
worthless all beside1       ,an empty   
socket1 were he fallen thence4      ,so1
 from oft converse with life's wintry   
gales1       ,should man learn how to   

clasp with tougher roots     ,the       
inspiring earth2--how otherwise avails  
,the leaf-creating sap that sunward     
shoots8     ,so every year that falls   
with noiseless flake       ,should fill 
old scars up on the stormward side1     
,and make hoar age revered for age's    
sake1       ,not for traditions of      
youth's leafy pride4      ,so1 from the 
pinched soil of a churlish fate1        
,true hearts compel the sap of sturdier 
growth1     ,so between earth and heaven
 stand simply great1       ,that these  
shall seem but their attendants both2   
,for nature's forces1 with obedient zeal
       ,wait on the rooted faith and    
oaken will1     ,as quickly the         
pretender's cheat they feel1       ,and 
turn mad ,pucks to flout and mock him   
still4      ,lord6 all ,thy works are   
lessons1--each contains       ,some     
emblem of man's all-containing soul2    
,shall he make fruitless all ,thy       
glorious pains1       ,delving within   
,thy grace an eyeless mole8     ,make me

 the least of ,thy ,dodona-grove1       
,cause me some message of ,thy truth to 
bring1     ,speak but a word through me1
 nor let ,thy love       ,among my      
boughs disdain to perch and sing4       
--,,james ,,russell ,,lowell4   ,,what  
,,one ,,tree ,,is ,,worth4  ,it will    
help us1 perhaps1 to appreciate         
properly1 the value and manifold uses of
 trees if we consider the uses to which 
a single one of the many species is put4
 ,a ,chinese gives us the following     
account of the ,bamboo4  ,the bamboo    
plant is cultivated almost everywhere2  
it is remarkable for its shade and      
beauty4 ,there are about sixty          
varieties1 different in size according  
to its genus2 ranging from that of a    
switch to a big pole measuring from four
 to five inches in diameter4 ,it is     
reared from shoots and suckers1 and1    
after the root once clings to the       
ground1 it thrives and spreads without  
further care or labor4 ,of these sixty  
varieties1 each thrives best in a       

certain locality1 and throughout the    
whole empire of ,china the bamboo groves
 not only embellish the gardens of the  
poor1 but the vast parks of the princes 
and wealthy4 ,the use to which this     
stately grass is put is truly wonderful4
 ,the tender shoots are cultivated for  
food like the asparagus2 the roots are  
carved into fantastic images of men1    
birds1 and monkeys4 ,the tapering culms 
are used for all purposes that poles can
 be applied to1 in carrying1 supporting1
 propelling1 and measuring2 by the      
porter1 the carpenter1 and the boatman2 
for the joists of houses and the ribs of
 sails2 the shafts of spears and the    
wattles of hurdles1 the tubes of        
aqueducts and the handles and ribs of   
umbrellas and fans4 ,the leaves are     
sewed upon cords to make rain-cloaks for
 farmers and boatmen1 for sails to boats
 as well as junks1 swept into heaps to  
form manure1 and matted into thatches to
 cover houses4 ,the bamboo wood is cut  
into splints and slivers of various     

sizes to make into baskets and trays of 
every form and fancy1 twisted into      
cables1 plaited into awnings1 and woven 
into mats for the bed and floor1 for the
 sceneries of the theatre1 for the roofs
 of boats1 and the casing of goods4 ,the
 shavings are picked into oakum to be   
stuffed into mattresses4 ,the bamboo    
furnishes the bed for sleeping and the  
couch for reclining1 the chair for      
sitting1 the chop-sticks for eating1 the
 pipe for smoking1 the flute for        
entertaining2 a curtain to hang before  
the door1 and a broom to sweep around   
it4 ,the ferrule to govern the scholar1 
the book he studies and the paper he    
writes upon1 all originated from this   
wonderful grass4 ,the tapering barrels  
of the organ and the dreadful instrument
 of the lictor--one to strike harmony1  
and the other to strike dread2 the rule 
to measure lengths1 the cup to gauge    
quantities1 and the bucket to draw      
water2 the bellows to blow the fire and 
the box to retain the match2 the        

bird-cage and crab-net1 the fish-pole1  
and the water-wheel and eaveduct1       
wheelbarrow1 and hand-cart1 and a host  
of other things1 are the utilities to   
which this magnificent grass is         
converted4   ,,enduring ,,character ,,of
 ,,the ,,forests4  ,of all the works of 
the creation which know the changes of  
life and death1 the trees of the forest 
have the longest existence4 ,of all the 
objects which crown the gray earth1 the 
woods preserved unchanged1 throughout   
the greatest reach of time1 their native
 character4 ,the works of man are ever  
varying their aspect2 his towns and his 
fields alike reflect the unstable       
opinions1 the fickle wills and fancies  
of each passing generation2 but the     
forests on his borders remain to-day the
 same as they were ages of years since4 
,old as the everlasting hills1 during   
thousands of seasons they have put forth
 and laid down their verdure in calm    
obedience to the decree which first bade
 them cover the ruins of the ,deluge4   

,,susan ,,fenimore ,,cooper4   ,,the    
,,popular ,,poplar ,,tree4      ,when   
the great wind sets things whirling     
,and rattles the window panes1     ,and 
blows the dust in giants       ,and     
dragons tossing their manes2     ,when  
the willows have waves like water1      
,and children are shouting with glee2   
,when the pines are alive and the       
larches1--       ,then hurrah for you   
and me1         ,in the tip o' the top  
o' the top o' the tip of           the  
popular poplar tree6      ,don't talk   
about ,jack and the ,beanstalk--        
,he did not climb half so high6     ,and
 ,alice in all her travels       ,was   
never so near the sky6     ,only the    
swallow1 a-skimming       ,the          
storm-cloud over the lea1     ,knows how
 it feels to be flying--       ,when the
 gusts come strong and free--           
,in the tip o' the top o' the top o' the
 tip of           the popular poplar    
tree6      --,,blanch ,,willis ,,howard4
   ,,forestry ,,and ,,the ,,need ,,of   

,,it4  ,experience as well as common    
sense teaches us that the selecting of  
the species and the mere planting of the
 same is not a guarantee of successful  
forestry4  ,in this country we have     
heretofore not made any distinction     
between forests and woodlands1 while in 
,europe1 and more especially in those   
countries in which forestry has reached 
a high state of development1 the        
distinction is clearly defined4 ,prof4  
,rossmssler1 in speaking of the         
difference between forest and woodland  
7,forst und ,wald71 says3 ,every forest 
is also a woodland1 but not every       
woodland1 be it ever so large1 is a     
forest4 ,it is the regular cultivation  
and economical management which turns a 
woodland into a forest4  ,this          
difference between forests and woodland 
is also indicated by the terms forester 
and woodman2 the former term being      
applied to the man who advocates the    
perpetuation of woodland in accordance  
with the teachings and principles of    

forestry1 and the latter to the man     
whose profession is that of felling     
trees4  ,in this meaning of the term1   
we1 in this country1 have really no     
forests1 but woodlands only4 ,to turn   
these woodlands into forests1 and to    
plant forests1 where for climatic and   
other considerations they are needed1 is
 the aim and object of the advocates of 
forestry4  ,the forester1 it will be    
seen1 has a distinct mission1 which is  
to perpetuate the forests so            
indispensable to civilized life1 and to 
produce at a minimum expense1 from a    
given piece of ground1 the greatest     
amount of forest products4  ,as our     
forests decrease in extent and          
deteriorate in quality1 and as1 with the
 increase of our population1 the demands
 upon forest products of all kinds      
become greater1 the necessity of a      
rational system of forestry1 and the    
need of educated foresters becomes more 
apparent every day4 ,we should1         
moreover1 constantly bear in mind that1 

while there are trees1 as the catalpa1  
the ash and the hickory1 which will     
attain merchantable size in forty or    
fifty years from the seed1 there are    
others such as the pine and the         
tulip-poplar1 which require for reaching
 the necessary dimensions a period of   
from sixty to eighty years2 and still   
others1 such as the oaks and the black  
walnut1 for the full development of     
which about a hundred and fifty years   
are required4 ,can we1 in view of this1 
still be in doubt as to whether or not  
the time has come when we should        
earnestly consider the question8  ,hon4 
,,adolph ,,len1 ,secretary of ,ohio     
,state ,forestry ,bureau4   ,,tree      
,,weather ,,proverbs4      ,if the ,oak 
is out before the ,ash1       ,t'will be
 a summer of wet and splash2     ,but if
 the ,ash is out before the ,oak1       
,t'will be a summer of fire and smoke4  
,when the ,hawthorne bloom too early    
shows1     ,we shall have still many    
snows4      ,when the ,oak puts on his  

goslings gray1     ',tis time to sow    
barley1 night or day4      ,when ,elm   
leaves are big as a shilling1     ,plant
 kidney beans if you are willing2       
,when ,elm leaves are as big as a penny1
     ,you must plant kidney beans if you
 wish to have any4   ,,flowers4         
,spake full well1 in language quaint and
 olden1       ,one who dwelleth by the  
castled ,rhine1     ,when he called the 
flowers1 so blue and golden1            
,stars1 that in earth's firmament do    
shine4      ,stars they are1 wherein we 
read our history1       ,as astrologers 
and seers of eld2     ,yet not wrapped  
about with awful mystery1       ,like   
the burning stars which they beheld4    
,wondrous truths1 and manifold as       
wondrous1       ,god hath written in    
those stars above2     ,but not less in 
the bright flowerets under us           
,stands the revelation of ,his love4    
,bright and glorious is that revelation1
       ,writ all over this great world  
of ours--     ,making evident our own   

creation1       ,in these stars of      
earth1 these golden flowers4            
--,,longfellow4       ,flowers seem     
intended for the solace of ordinary     
humanity2      children love them2      
tender1 contented1 ordinary people love 
them4 ,they are the cottager's treasure2
 and in the crowded      town mark1 as  
with a little fragment of rainbow1 the  
windows      of the workers in whose    
heart rests the covenant of peace4      
,,ruskin4     ,arbor ,day ,celebrations4
  ,illustration  ,,growing ,,observance 
,,of ,,arbor ,,day4   ,it adds to the   
pleasure attending the observance of    
,arbor ,day when we think how many are  
uniting with us in its celebration4 ,it 
is but a few years since the day was    
first known and its observance was      
limited to a single one of our ,states4 
,now the day is known and observed from 
,maine to ,oregon and from ,minnesota to
 the ,gulf of ,mexico4 ,not only is this
 true1 but this our tree-festival so    
commends itself to all that its         

observance has spread more rapidly and  
more widely than any other public       
observance in the world's history4 ,it  
is already established in portions of   
,england1 ,france1 and ,italy1 in       
far-away ,south ,africa and ,australia1 
and we shall probably hear before long  
of its adoption in ,china and ,japan4   
,and so1 as we come together to have    
pleasant talks about the trees and to   
march out with songs and banners to     
plant them in school grounds1 in parks1 
by the road-side or elsewhere1 it will  
be pleasant to remember that so many    
others are engaged in similar services4 
,it should make the day a happier one   
for us to think that so many will enjoy 
it as we do1 as it should always        
increase our happiness to know that     
others are sharing with us anything that
 is good4  ,as it will1 doubtless1 be   
interesting to all engaging in the      
celebration of the day1 we give on the  
next page a list of the ,states in which
 ,arbor ,day is observed4   ,,states    

,,and ,,territories ,,observing ,,arbor 
,,day4                   ,,year ,,of    
,,first ,,states4        ,,observance   
,,time ,,of ,,observance4  ,alabama     
#ahhg      #bbnd ,february4 ,arizona    
#ahij-ia   ,first ,friday after first of
 ,february4 ,california        #ahhf    
,colorado          #ahhe      ,third    
,friday in ,april4 ,connecticut         
#ahhg      ,in ,spring1 at appointment  
of ,governor4 ,florida           #ahhf  
,january #h4 ,georgia           #ahhg   
,first ,friday in ,december4 ,idaho     
#ahhg      ,last ,monday in ,april4     
,illinois          #ahhh      ,date     
fixed by ,governor and ,supt4 of ,public
                                        
,instruction4 ,indiana           #ahhd  
,superintendent of ,public ,instruction4
 ,iowa              #ahhg               
,kansas            #ahge      ,option of
 ,governor1 usually in ,april4 ,kentucky
          #ahhf                         
,louisiana         #ahhh-i              
,parish ,boards4 ,maine                 

#ahhg             ,governor4 ,maryland  
#ahhi                      in ,april4   
,massachusetts     #ahhf      ,last     
,saturday in ,april4 ,michigan          
#ahhe      ,option of ,governor4        
,minnesota         #ahgf                
,mississippi       #ahib                
,board of ,education4 ,missouri         
#ahhf      ,first ,friday after first   
,tuesday of ,april4 ,montana            
#ahhg      ,third ,tuesday of ,april4   
,nebraska          #ahgb      #bbnd of  
,april4 ,nevada            #ahhg        
,option of ,governor4 ,new ,hampshire   
#ahhf                    ,new ,jersey   
#ahhd                       in ,april4  
,new ,mexico        #ahij      ,second  
,friday in ,march4 ,new ,york           
#ahhi      ,first ,friday after ,may #a4
 ,north ,carolina    #ahic ,north       
,dakota      #ahhd      ,sixth of ,may1 
by proclamation of ,governor4 ,ohio     
#ahhb      ,in ,april                   
,oregon            #ahhb      ,second   
,friday in ,april4 ,pennsylvania        

#ahhg      ,option of ,governor4 ,rhode 
,island      #ahhg                      
,south ,carolina  ,uncertain            
,variable4 ,south ,dakota      #ahhd    
,option of ,governor4 ,tennessee        
#ahge      ,november1 at designation of 
,county                                 
,superintendents4 ,texas                
#ahjj      #bbnd of ,february4 ,vermont 
#ahhe      ,option of ,governor4        
,virginia          #ahib ,west ,virginia
     #ahhc      ,fall and ,spring1 at   
designation of ,supt4                   
of ,schools4 ,wisconsin         #ahhi   
,option of ,governor4 ,wyoming          
#ahhh                    ,washington    
#ahib  ,only the following five states  
or territories fail to observe ,arbor   
,day--,arkansas1 ,delaware1 ,oklahoma1  
,indian ,territory1 and ,utah4          
,,encouraging ,,words4  ,the ,governors 
of our ,states and the ,superintendents 
of our schools have generally entered   
heartily into the observance of ,arbor  
,day and spoken earnest words of        

encouragement in its behalf4 ,the       
following are specimens of what they    
have said4  ,new ,hampshire4--,governor 
,currier1 in his ,arbor ,day            
,proclamation3 ,i especially desire that
 our children may be taught to observe  
and reverence the divine energies which 
are unfolding themselves in every leaf  
and flower that sheds a perfume in      
spring or ripens into a robe of beauty  
in autumn1 so that the aspirations of   
childhood1 led by beautiful             
surroundings1 may form higher and       
broader conceptions of life and         
humanity2 for the teachings of nature   
lead up from the material and finite to 
the infinite and eternal4               
,illinois4--,governor ,fifer3 ,let the  
children in our schools1 the young men  
and women in our colleges1 seminaries1  
and universities1 with their            
instructors1 co-operate in the proper   
observance of the day by planting       
shrubs1 vines1 and trees that will      
beautify the home1 adorn the public     

grounds1 add wealth to the ,state1 and  
thereby increase the comfort and        
happiness of our people4                
,missouri4--,from the ,superintendent of
 ,public ,schools1 in his annual report3
 ,let this love for planting trees1     
shrubs1 vines1 and flowers be encouraged
 and stimulated in the school-room and  
not only will the school-yards profit   
thereby1 but the now barren farm-yards  
and pastures will remain the recipients 
of your instruction4                    
,california4--,from ,superintendent of  
,public ,instruction3 ,our schools      
cannot protect the forests1 but they can
 raise up a generation which will not   
leave their hillsides and mountains     
treeless2 a generation which will frown 
upon and rebuke the wanton destruction  
of our forest trees4 ,there is no spot  
on earth that may not be made more      
beautiful by the help of trees and      
flowers4  ,nebraska4--,from the ,state  
,superintendent of ,public ,instruction3
 ,on this day1 above all others1 the    

pupils of our public schools should be  
educated to care for the material       
prosperity of the country and to foster 
the growth of trees4 ,let the child     
understand that he is especially        
interested in the tree he plants3 that  
it is his2 that upon him devolves the   
responsibility of protecting and        
cultivating it in coming years4  ,new   
,york4--,hon4 ,a4,s4 ,draper1           
ex-,superintendent of ,public           
,instruction3 ,the primary purpose of   
the ,legislature in establishing ,arbor 
,day was to develop and stimulate in the
 children of the commonwealth a love and
 reverence for ,nature1 as revealed in  
trees and shrubs and flowers4   ,,the   
,,best ,,use ,,of ,,arbor ,,day4  ,arbor
 ,day1 to be most useful as well as most
 pleasant1 should not stand by itself1  
alone1 but be connected with much study 
and talk of trees and kindred subjects  
beforehand and afterward4 ,it should    
rather be the focal or culminating point
 of the year's observation of trees and 

other natural objects with which they   
are closely connected4 ,the wise teacher
 will seek to cultivate the observing   
faculties of the pupils by calling their
 attention to the interesting things    
with which the natural world abounds4   
,it is not necessary to this that there 
should be formal classes in botany or   
any natural science1 though we think no 
school should be without its botanical  
class or classes1 nor should anyone be  
eligible to the place of a teacher in   
our public schools who is not competent 
to give efficient instruction in botany 
at least4  ,but much may be done in this
 direction informally1 by brief1        
familiar talks in the intervals between 
the regular recitations of the          
school-room1 or during the walks to and 
from school4 ,a tree by the road-side   
will furnish an object lesson for       
pleasant and profitable discourse for   
many days and at all seasons4 ,a few    
flowers1 which teacher or pupil may     
bring to the school-room1 will easily be

 made the means of interesting the      
oldest and the youngest and of imparting
 the most profitable instruction4 ,how  
easy also to plant a few seeds in a vase
 in the school-room window and to       
encourage the pupils to watch their     
sprouting and subsequent growth4  ,then 
it should not be difficult to have a    
portion of the school grounds set apart1
 where the pupils might1 with the       
teacher's guidance1 plant flower and    
tree seeds and thus be able to observe  
the ways and characteristics of plants  
in all periods of their growth4 ,they   
could thus provide themselves with trees
 for planting on future ,arbor ,days1   
and at the time of planting there would 
be increased enjoyment from the fact    
that they had grown the trees for that  
very purpose4  ,why might not every     
school-house ground be made also an     
arboretum1 where the pupils might have  
under their eyes1 continually1 specimens
 of all the trees that grow in the town 
or in the ,state where the school is    

situated8 ,it would require but a little
 incitement from the teacher to make the
 pupils enthusiastic with the desire to 
find out the different species          
indigenous to the region and to gather  
them1 by sowing seeds or planting the   
young trees1 around their place of      
study4  ,and if the school premises are 
now too small in extent to admit of such
 a use1 let the pupils make an earnest  
plea for additional ground4 ,as a       
general fact our school-grounds have    
been shamefully limited in extent and   
neglected as to their use and keeping4  
,the school-house1 in itself and in its 
surroundings1 ought to be one of the    
most beautiful and attractive objects to
 be seen in any community4 ,the approach
 from the street should be like that to 
any dwelling house1 over well kept walks
 bordered by green turf1 with trees and 
shrubs and flowers offering their       
adornment4 ,everything should speak of  
neatness and order4 ,the playground     
should be ample1 but it should be in    

another direction and by itself4        
,europeans are in advance of us in      
school management4 ,the ,austrian public
 school law reads3 ,in every school a   
gymnastic ground1 a garden for the      
teacher1 according to the circumstances 
of the community1 and a place for the   
purposes of agricultural experiment are 
to be created4 ,there are now nearly    
#h1jjj school gardens in ,austria1 not  
including ,hungary4 ,in ,france1 also1  
gardening is taught in the primary and  
elementary schools4 ,there are nearly   
#cj1jjj of these schools1 each of which 
has a garden attached to it1 and the    
,minister of ,public ,instruction has   
resolved to increase the number of      
school gardens and that no one shall be 
appointed master of an elementary school
 unless he can prove himself capable of 
giving practical instruction in the     
culture of ,mother ,earth4 ,in ,sweden1 
in #ahga1 there were #bb1jjj children in
 the common schools receiving           
instruction in horticulture and         

tree-planting4 ,each of more than #b1jjj
 schools had for cultivation from one to
 twelve acres of ground4  ,why should we
 be behind the ,old ,world in caring for
 the schools8 ,by the munificence of one
 of her citizens1 ,new ,york has twice  
offered premiums for the best-kept      
school-grounds4 ,why may we not have    
,arbor ,day premiums in all of our      
,states and in every town for the most  
tasteful arrangement of school-house and
 grounds8 ,these places of education    
should be the pride of every community  
instead of being1 as they so often are1 
a reproach and shame4   ,,trees ,,in    
,,their ,,leafless ,,state4  ,as the    
season for ,arbor ,day and tree-planting
 comes on1 just before the buds begin to
 swell and are getting ready to cover   
the trees with a fresh mantle of leaves1
 it is well--as it is also when the     
leaves have fallen from the trees in    
autumn--to give attention to the bare   
trees and notice the characteristic     
forms of the various species1 the manner

 in which their branches are developed  
and arranged among themselves1 for a    
knowledge of these things will often    
enable one to distinguish the different 
kinds of trees more readily and         
certainly than by any other means4 ,the 
foliage often serves as an obscuring    
veil1 concealing1 in part at least1 the 
individuality and the peculiarities of  
the trees4 ,but if one is familiar with 
their forms of growth1 their skeleton   
anatomy1 so to speak1 he will recognize 
common trees at once with only a partial
 view of them4  ,some trees1 as the oak1
 throw their limbs out from the trunk   
horizontally4 ,as ,dr4 ,holmes says3    
,the others shirk the work of resisting 
gravity1 the oak defies it4 ,it chooses 
the horizontal direction for its limbs  
so that their whole weight may tell1 and
 then stretches them out fifty or sixty 
feet so that the strain may be mighty   
enough to be worth resisting4 ,some     
trees have limbs which droop toward the 
ground1 while those of most1 perhaps1   

have an upward tendency1 and others     
still have an upward direction at first 
and later in their growth a downward    
inclination1 as in the case of the elm1 
the birch1 and the willows4 ,some1 like 
the oak1 have comparatively few but     
large and strong branches1 while others 
have many and slender limbs1 like many  
of the birches and poplars4  ,the       
teacher should call attention to these  
and other characteristics of            
tree-structure1 drawing the various     
forms of trees on the blackboard and    
encouraging the pupils to do the same1  
allowing them also to correct each      
other's drawings4 ,this will greatly    
increase their knowledge of trees and   
their interest in them as well as in    
,arbor ,day and its appropriate         
observance4  ,illustration              
,programme for ,arbor ,day4   ,we give  
in this part of our manual a programme  
for ,arbor ,day observance4 ,it is      
presented not so much in the expectation
 that it will be exactly copied as that 

it may serve as suggestion of what may  
be done4 ,we have added various         
selections from poets and prose writers 
which may help those who are preparing  
for the proper observance of ,arbor     
,day4 ,but these are only a few         
specimens from the great stores of our  
literature4 ,a little care and          
painstaking beforehand will furnish an  
ample supply of the desired material1   
for our literature abounds in such4 ,not
 the least of the benefits of the       
observance of ,arbor ,day is the        
opportunity it gives for making the     
young familiar with the best thoughts of
 the best writers and thus giving them a
 literary culture in the pleasantest    
manner4 ,thus while preparing to plant  
trees we may be planting in the young   
mind and heart growths more precious and
 lasting than they4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,i4-,exercises ,in
 the ,school-,room4   #a4 ,,reading4    
7,,by ,,the ,,teacher1 ,,or ,,by        
,,classes47  ,and ,god said1 ,let the   

earth bring forth grass1 the herb       
yielding seed1 and the fruit tree       
yielding fruit after his kind1 whose    
seed is in itself1 upon the earth3 and  
it was so4 ,and the earth brought forth 
grass1 and herb yielding seed after his 
kind1 and the tree yielding fruit1 whose
 seed was in itself after his kind4     
,and out of the ground made the ,lord   
,god to grow every tree that is pleasant
 to the sight1 and good for food2 the   
tree of life also in the midst of the   
garden1 and the tree of knowledge of    
good and evil4  ,blessed is the man that
 trusteth in the ,lord1 and whose hope  
the ,lord is4 ,for he shall be as a tree
 planted by the waters1 and that        
spreadeth out her roots by the river1   
and shall not see when heat cometh1 but 
her leaf shall be green2 and shall not  
be careful in the year of drought1      
neither shall cease from yielding fruit4
  ,i will plant in the wilderness the   
cedar1 the shittah tree1 and the myrtle1
 and the oil tree2 ,i will set in the   

desert the fir tree1 and the pine1 and  
the box tree together3 that they may    
see1 and know1 and consider1 and        
understand together1 that the hand of   
the ,lord hath done this1 and the ,holy 
,one of ,israel hath created it4  ,he   
that trusteth in his riches shall fall3 
but the righteous shall flourish as a   
branch4  ,wisdom is a tree of life to   
them that lay hold upon her1 and happy  
is everyone that retaineth her4  ,and he
 shewed me a pure river of water of     
life1 clear as crystal1 proceeding out  
of the throne of ,god and of the ,lamb4 
,in the midst of the street of it1 and  
on either side of the river1 was there  
the tree of life1 which bare twelve     
manner of fruits1 and yielded her fruit 
every month3 and the leaves of the tree 
were for the healing of the nations4    
#b4 ,,invocation ,,song4  ,,tribute ,,to
 ,,nature4  ,tune--,,america4           
,illustration3 ,music notation      ,of 
nature broad and free1     ,of grass and
 flower and tree1         ,sing we      

to-day4     ,god hath pronounced it good
     ,so we1 ,his creatures would       
,offer to field and wood1         ,our  
heartfelt lay4      ,to all that meets  
the eye1     ,in earth1 or air1 or sky1 
,tribute we bring4     ,barren this     
world would be1     ,bereft of shrub and
 tree3     ,now1 gracious ,lord1 to     
,thee1         ,praises we sing4        
,may we ,thy hand behold1     ,as bud   
and leaf unfold1         ,see but ,thy  
thought2     ,nor heedlessly destroy1   
,nor pass unnoticed by2     ,but be our 
constant joy3         ,all ,thou hast   
wrought4      ,as each small bud and    
flower     ,speaks of the ,maker's      
power1         ,tells of ,his love2     
,so we1 ,thy children dear1     ,would  
live from year to year1     ,show forth 
,thy goodness here1         ,and then   
above4      --,,mary ,a4 ,,heermans4    
#c4 ,,reading ,,arbor ,,day ,,law1 ,,or 
,,proclamation ,,of ,,governor4  ,as the
 laws regarding ,arbor ,day vary in     
different ,states1 it will be necessary 

for each teacher or superintendent to   
procure and read the one applicable to  
his ,state4   #d4 ,,reading ,,letters   
,,in ,,reference ,,to ,,arbor ,,day4    
,these may consist of circular letters  
from superintendents1 etc41 and other   
incidental letters4 ,it is suggested    
that notes of invitation to the         
exercises be sent to the parents of the 
children and to influential people4     
,these will in many cases elicit replies
 bearing on the subject4 ,in case such  
letters cannot be secured1 at this point
 the ,encouraging ,words printed on page
 #ae of this pamphlet may be read with  
profit4   #e4 ,,recitation4  ,,all      
,,things ,,beautiful4      ,all things  
bright and beautiful1       ,all        
creatures great and small1     ,all     
things wise and wonderful1--       ,the 
,lord ,god made them all4      ,each    
little flower that opens1       ,each   
little bird that sings1     ,he made    
their glowing colors1       ,he made    
their tiny wings4      ,the             

purple-headed mountain1       ,the      
river1 running by1     ,the morning1 and
 the sunset       ,that lighteth up the 
sky4      ,the tall trees in the        
greenwood1       ,the pleasant summer   
sun1     ,the ripe fruits in the        
garden1--       ,he made them1 every    
one4      ,he gave us eyes to see them1 
,and lips that we might tell     ,how   
great is ,god ,almighty1       ,who hath
 made all things well4      --,c4,f4    
,,alexander4   #f4 ,,reading4 ,bryant's 
,forest ,hymn4 7,,see ,,page #h47   #g4 
,,recitations4 7,by ,different ,pupils47
  ,,the ,,purpose ,,of ,,arbor ,,day4   
,first pupil4       ,to avert           
treelessness2 to improve the climatic   
conditions2      for the sanitation and 
embellishment of home environments2     
for the love of the beautiful and useful
 combined in the      music and majesty 
of a tree1 as fancy and truth unite in  
an      epic poem1 ,arbor ,day was      
created4 ,it has grown with the         
vigor and beneficence of a grand truth  

or a great tree4       --,j4 ,,sterling 
,,morton4  ,,be ,,noble4  ,second pupil4
      ,be noble6 and the nobleness that 
lies     ,in other men sleeping1 but    
never dead1     ,will rise in majesty to
 meet thine own2     ,then wilt thou see
 it gleam in many eyes1     ,then will  
pure light around thy path be shed1     
,and thou wilt nevermore be sad and     
lone4      --,,lowell4  ,,leaves4       
,third pupil4       ,the leaves of the  
herbage at our feet take all kinds of   
strange shapes as if to invite us to    
examine them4      ,star-shaped1        
heart-shaped1 spear-shaped1             
arrow-shaped1      fretted1 fringed1    
cleft1 furrowed1 serrated1 sinuated1 in 
whorls1 in tufts1 in spires1 in wreaths1
 endlessly      expressive1 deceptive1  
fantastic1 never the same from          
footstalk to blossom1 they seem         
perpetually to tempt our                
watchfulness and take delight in        
outstripping our wonder4                
--,,ruskin4  ,,influence ,,of ,,nature4 

,fourth pupil4                ,therefore
 am ,i still     ,a lover of the meadows
 and the woods     ,and mountains1 and  
of all that we behold     ,from this    
green earth2 of all the mighty world    
,of eye and ear1 both what they half    
create     ,and what perceive2 well     
pleased to recognize     ,in nature1 and
 the language of the sense1     ,the    
anchor of my purest thoughts1 the nurse1
     ,the guide1 the guardian of my     
heart1 and soul1     ,of all my moral   
being4      --,,wordsworth4  ,fifth     
pupil4       ,i regard the forest as an 
heritage1 given to us by nature1        
not for spoil or to devastate1 but to be
 wisely used1      reverently honored1  
and carefully maintained4 ,i regard the 
forest as a gift entrusted to us only   
for transient care      during a short  
space of time1 to be surrendered to     
posterity      again as unimpaired      
property1 with increased riches and     
augmented blessings1 to pass as a sacred
 patrimony from      generation to      

generation4       --,,baron ,,ferdinand 
,,von ,,mueller4  ,,nature',s ,,comfort4
  ,sixth pupil4      ,if thou art worn  
and hard beset     ,with sorrows that   
thou wouldst forget1     ,if thou       
wouldst read a lesson that will keep    
,thy heart from fainting and thy soul   
from sleep1     ,go to the woods and    
hills6 ,no tears     ,dim the sweet look
 that ,nature wears4                    
--,,longfellow4  ,seventh pupil4        
,it may be said that the measure of     
attention given to trees      indicates 
the condition of agriculture and        
civilization of a      country4         
--,,mah4  ,eighth pupil4      ,i said ,i
 will not walk with men to-day1         
,but ,i will go among the blessed       
trees1--     ,among the forest trees    
,i'll take my way1       ,and they shall
 say to me what words they please4      
,and when ,i came among the trees of    
,god1       ,with all their million     
voices sweet and blest1     ,they gave  
me welcome4 ,so ,i slowly trod          

,their arched and lofty aisles1 with    
heart at rest4  ,ninth pupil4           
,forests can flourish independent of    
agriculture2 but      agriculture cannot
 prosper without forests4  ,tenth pupil4
       ,the man who builds does a work  
which begins to decay as soon      as he
 has done1 but the work of the man who  
plants trees      grows better and      
better1 year after year1 for            
generations4  ,eleventh pupil4       ,of
 all man's works of art a cathedral is  
greatest4 ,a vast      and majestic tree
 is greater than that4       --,h4,w4   
,,beecher4  ,twelfth pupil4       ,in an
 agricultural country the preservation  
or destruction      of forests must     
determine the decision of ,hamlet's     
alternative3 to be or not to be4 ,an    
animal flayed or a      tree stripped of
 its bark does not perish more surely   
than a      land deprived of the trees4 
--,,felix ,l4 ,,oswald4  ,thirteenth    
pupil4       ,by their fruit ye shall   
know them4 ,do men gather grapes of     

thorns1 or figs of thistles8 ,even so   
every good tree      bringeth forth good
 fruit2 but the corrupt tree bringeth   
forth evil fruit4 ,a good tree cannot   
bring forth evil fruit1      neither can
 a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit4 
,therefore      by their fruits ye shall
 know them4   #h4 ,,declamation4  ,a    
,,forest ,,song4      ,a song for the   
beautiful trees6       ,a song for the  
forest grand1       ,the garden of      
,god's ,own land1     ,the pride of ,his
 centuries4     ,hurrah6 for the kingly 
oak1       ,for the maple1 the sylvan   
queen1     ,for the lords of the emerald
 cloak1       ,for the ladies in living 
green4      ,so long as the rivers flow1
       ,so long as the mountains rise1  
,may the forest sing to the skies1      
,and shelter the earth below4           
,hurrah6 for the beautiful trees1       
,hurrah6 for the forest grand1          
,the pride of ,his centuries1     ,the  
garden of ,god's own land4      --,w4,h4
 ,,venable4   #i4 ,,address4 7,,by      

,,teacher ,,or ,,some ,,one ,,invited   
,,for ,,the ,,occasion47   #aj4         
,,declamation4  ,a ,,june ,,day4        
,now is the high-tide of the year1      
,and whatever of life hath ebbed away   
,comes flooding back with a rippling    
cheer1       ,into every bare inlet and 
creek and bay2     ,now the heart is so 
full that a drop overfills it1     ,we  
are happy now because ,god wills it2    
,no matter how barren the past may have 
been1     ',tis enough for us now that  
the leaves are green2     ,we sit in the
 warm shade and feel right well     ,how
 the sap creeps up and the blossoms     
swell2     ,we may shut our eyes but we 
cannot help knowing     ,that skies are 
clear and grass is growing2     ,the    
breeze comes whispering in our ear1     
,that dandelions are blossoming near1   
,that maize has sprouted1 that streams  
are flowing1     ,that the river is     
bluer than the sky1     ,that the robin 
is plastering his house hard by2        
,and if the breeze kept the good news   

back1     ,for other couriers we should 
not lack2       ,we would guess it all  
by yon heifer's lowing1--     ,and hark6
 how clear bold chanticleer1     ,warmed
 with the new wine of the year1         
,tells all in his lusty crowing6        
,joy comes1 grief goes1 we know not how3
     ,everything is happy now1          
,everything is upward striving2         
',tis as easy now for the heart to be   
true     ,as for grass to be green or   
skies to be blue1--       ',tis the     
natural way of living4      --,,lowell3 
,sir ,launfal4   #aa4 ,,voting ,,for    
,,the ,,tree ,,or ,,flower ,,which      
,,shall ,,be ,,the ,,emblem ,,of ,,the  
,,school ,,for ,,the ,,year4            
,suggestions4--,if this programme should
 prove too long1 parts of it may readily
 be omitted4 ,if the day be a fine one1 
it might be well to transfer the address
 and1 perhaps1 the readings to the third
 part of the programme at the tree4  ,in
 order to facilitate the voting of the  
tree or flower and have it occupy but   

little time1 it would be well to have a 
blackboard facing the pupils during the 
exercises with a few drawings of trees  
and flowers1 each with a characteristic 
attribute printed beneath it4 ,the      
voting may then be expeditiously        
performed by pointing to the drawings4  
,in some ,states there is a provision   
for the children to vote on ,arbor ,day 
for a favorite flower1 which shall be   
considered the ,state flower4 ,in others
 a ,state tree may be selected by vote  
of the children4 ,in such cases this is 
the time for the selection4   #ab4      
,,recitation4  ,,the ,,american ,,flag4 
,when ,freedom from her mountain height 
,unfurled her standard to the air1      
,she tore the azure robe of night       
,and set the stars of glory there2      
,she mingled with its gorgeous dyes     
,the milky baldric of the skies1        
,and striped its pure celestial white   
,with streakings of the morning light2  
,then from his mansion in the sun       
,she called her eagle bearer down1      

,and gave into his mighty hand     ,the 
symbol of her chosen land4      --,j4,r4
 ,,drake4       ,to be recited and      
followed immediately by the song ,star  
,spangled ,banner4   #ac4 ,,song4       
,,star ,,spangled ,,banner4  ,,francis  
,,key4  ,illustration3 ,music notation  
#a4 ,oh1 say can you see1 by the dawn's 
early light1        ,what so proudly we 
hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming8 
,whose broad stripes and bright stars   
thro' the perilous fight        ,o'er   
the ramparts we watched were so         
gallantly streaming1        ,and the    
rocket's red glare1 the bombs bursting  
in air        ,gave proof thro' the     
night that our flag was still there2    
,oh1 say does the star-spangled banner  
still wave        ,o'er the land of the 
free1 and the home of the brave8        
#b4 ,on the shore dimly seen thro' the  
mists of the deep1        ,where the    
foe's haughty host in dread silence     
reposes1        ,what is that1 which the
 breeze o'er the lowering steep1        

,as it fitfully blows1 half conceals1   
half discloses6        ,now it catches  
the gleam of the morning's first beam1  
,in full glory reflected now shines on  
the stream2        ',tis the            
star-spangled banner1 ,oh1 long may it  
wave        ,o'er the land of the free1 
and the home of the brave6      #c4 ,oh1
 thus be it ever when freemen shall     
stand        ,between their loved homes 
and the war's desolation4        ,blest 
with victory and peace1 may the         
heav'n-rescued land        ,praise the  
pow'r that has made and preserved us a  
nation4        ,then conquer we must1   
when our cause it is just1        ,and  
this be our motto--,in ,god is our      
trust1        ,and the star-spangled    
banner in triumph shall wave            
,o'er the land of the free1 and the home
 of the brave6   ,,ii4--,the ,march4    
,suggestions4--,see that the children   
keep step to the air      of the song4  
,arrange them according to size1 the    
smallest      first1 that the column may

 present a picturesque appearance4      
,,marching ,,song4  ,illustration3      
,music notation      #a4 ,there's       
,springtime in the air          ,when   
the happy robin sings1        ,and earth
 grows bright and fair1                 
,covered with the robe she brings4      
,cho4 ,march1 oh1 march1 'tis ,arbor    
,day1                 ,joy for all and  
cares away2                 ,march1 oh1 
march1 from duties free                 
,to the planting of the tree4      #b4  
,there's ,springtime in the air         
,when the buds begin to swell1          
,and woodlands1 brown and bare1         
,all the summer joys foretell4--,cho4   
#c4 ,there's ,springtime in the air     
,when the heart so fondly pays          
,this tribute1 sweet and rare1          
,which to mother earth we raise4--,cho4 
,,iii4--,exercises at the               
,tree-,planting4   #a4 ,,planting ,,of  
,,trees4 7,,one ,,or ,,more74   #b4     
,,song4  ,,planting ,,the ,,tree4       
,illustration3 ,music notation          

,gather we here to plant the fair tree2 
,gladsome the hour1 joyous and free1    
,greeting to thee1 fairest of ,may6     
,breathe sweet the buds on our loved    
,arbor ,day4     ,gather we now1 the    
sapling around1     ,singing our        
song--let it resound3      ,refrain4    
,happy the day6 ,happy the hour6        
,joyous we1 all of us1 feel their glad  
power4      ,shovel and spade1 trowel   
and hoe1       ,carefully dig up the    
quick-yielding ground2     ,make we a   
bed1 softly lay low       ,each little  
root with the earth spread around2      
,snug as a nest1 the soil round them    
pressed1     ,this is the home that the 
rootlings love best4      ,refrain4     
,moisten and soften the ground1 ye      
,spring ,rains2     ,swell ye the buds1 
and fill ye the veins1     ,bless the   
dear tree1 bountiful ,sun2     ,warm    
thou the blood in the stem till it run2 
,hasten the growth1 let leaves have     
birth1     ,make it most beautiful thing
 of the earth4      ,refrain4           

--,,dr4 ,e4,p4 ,,waterbury   #c4        
,,recitations4       ,,note4--,one or   
more of the recitations may be given    
with the      planting of each tree1 the
 number depending upon the number       
of trees planted4  ,first pupil4        
,plant in the spring-time the beautiful 
trees1     ,so that in future each soft 
summer breeze1     ,whispering through  
tree-tops may call to our mind1         
,days of our childhood then left far    
behind4      ,days when we learned to be
 faithful and true2     ,days when we   
yearned our life's future to view2      
,days when the good seemed so easy to   
do2     ,days when life's cares were so 
light and so few4  ,second pupil4       
,plant trees for beauty1 for pleasure   
and for health2     ,plant trees for    
shelter1 for fruitage and for wealth4   
,third pupil4  ,,nobility4      ,true   
worth is in being1 not seeming1         
,in doing each day that goes by         
,some little good--not in the dreaming  
,of great things to do by and by4       

--,,alice ,,cary4  ,fourth pupil4       
,,planting ,,of ,,trees4      ,oh1 happy
 trees which we plant to-day1           
,what great good fortunes wait you6     
,for you will grow in sun and snow      
,till fruit and flowers freight you4    
,your winter covering of snow1          
,will dazzle with its splendor2         
,your summer's garb1 with richest glow1 
,will feast of beauty render4      ,in  
your cool shade will tired feet         
,pause1 weary1 when 'tis summer1        
,and rest like this will be most sweet  
,to every tired new-comer4  ,fifth      
pupil4  ,,the ,,coming ,,of ,,spring4   
,when wake the violets1 winter dies2    
,when sprout the elm buds1 ,spring is   
near2     ,when lilacs blossom1 ,summer 
cries1       ,bud1 little rose6 ,spring 
is here4      --,,lowell4  ,sixth       
,pupil4       ,when we plant a tree1 we 
are doing what we can to make our       
planet a more wholesome and happier     
dwelling-place for those      who come  
after us1 if not for ourselves4         

--,o4,w4 ,,holmes4  ,seventh pupil4     
,it is no exaggerated praise to call a  
tree the grandest and      most         
beautiful of all the productions of the 
earth4       --,,gilpin1 ,forest        
,scenery4  ,eighth pupil4      ,kind    
hearts are the gardens1       ,kind     
thoughts are the roots1     ,kind words 
are the blossoms1       ,kind deeds are 
the fruits4  ,ninth pupil4      ,what do
 we plant when we plant the tree8       
,we plant the ship which will cross the 
sea4     ,we plant the mast to carry the
 sails2     ,we plant the planks to     
withstand the gales--     ,the keel1 the
 keelson1 and beam and knee2     ,we    
plant the ship when we plant the tree4  
,tenth pupil4      ,what do we plant    
when we plant the tree8     ,we plant   
the houses for you and me4     ,we plant
 the rafters1 the shingles1 the floors1 
,we plant the studding1 the lath1 the   
doors1     ,the beams and siding1 all   
parts that be2     ,we plant the house  
when we plant the tree4  ,eleventh      

pupil4      ,what do we plant when we   
plant the tree8     ,a thousand things  
that we daily see2     ,we plant the    
spire that out-towers the crag1     ,we 
plant the staff for our country's flag1 
,we plant the shade1 from the hot sun   
free2     ,we plant all these when we   
plant the tree4      --,,henry ,,abbey4 
#d4 ,,tree ,,planting ,,song4           
,,planting ,,of ,,the ,,tree4           
,illustration3 ,music notation      #a4 
,long this little stem has grown        
,in a quiet spot1 unknown3        ,now  
we plant it here1 to be        ,ever    
honored as our tree4      #b4 ,may the  
kind earth give it food1        ,and    
warm sunlight o'er it brood1            
,shower make bright1 and storm make     
hard1        ,and no harm its growth    
retard4      #c4 ,may it give to men    
delight1        ,rich in shade1 and fair
 to sight2        ,and while untold     
years roll by1        ,speak of us to   
memory4      #d4 ,little tree1 our own6 
we pray1        ,be our teacher every   

day2        ,on us strength and grace   
impress1        ,that we1 too1 the world
 may bless4      ,j4,d4 ,,burrell4   #e4
 ,,patriotic ,,recitation4  ,,union     
,,and ,,liberty4      ,first voice4     
,flag of the heroes who left us their   
glory1       ,borne through our         
battle-fields' thunder and flame1       
,blazoned in song and illumined in      
story1       ,wave o'er us all who      
inherit their fame6      ,second voice4 
,light of our firmament1 guide of our   
nation1       ,pride of her children1   
and honored afar1     ,let the wide     
beams of thy full constellation         
,scatter each cloud that would darken a 
star6      ,third voice4      ,empire   
unsceptred6 what foe shall assail thee1 
,bearing the standard of ,liberty's van8
     ,think not the ,god of thy fathers 
shall fail thee1       ,striving with   
men for the birthright of man6          
,fourth voice4      ,yet1 if by madness 
and treachery blighted1       ,dawns the
 dark hour when the sword thou must     

draw1     ,then1 with the arms of thy   
millions united1       ,smite the bold  
traitors to ,freedom and ,law6          
,all4          ,up with our banner      
bright1         ,sprinkled with starry  
light1     ,spread its fair emblems from
 mountain to shore2         ,while      
through the sounding sky1         ,loud 
rings the ,nation's cry1--     ,union   
and ,liberty6--one evermore6            
--,,oliver ,,wendell ,,holmes4   #f4    
,,address ,,or ,,reading ,,of ,,some    
,,selection ,,from ,,another ,,part ,,of
 ,,this ,,pamphlet4   #g4 ,,marching    
,,from ,,the ,,field4 7,,to ,,following 
,,tune47  ,,woodman1 ,,spare ,,that     
,,tree4  ,,george ,p4 ,,morris4  ,,henry
 ,,russell4  ,illustration3 ,music      
notation      #a4 ,woodman1 spare that  
tree6        ,touch not a single bough2 
,in youth it shelter'd me1        ,and  
,i'll protect it now2        ',twas my  
forefather's hand1        ,that placed  
it near his cot1        ,there1 woodman1
 let it stand1        ,thy axe shall    

harm it not6      #b4 ,that old1        
familiar tree1        ,its glory and    
renown        ,are spread o'er land and 
sea1        ,and would'st thou hew it   
down8        ,woodman1 forbear thy      
stroke6        ,cut not its earth-bound 
ties2        ,oh6 spare that aged oak1  
,now tow'ring to the skies4      #c4    
,when but an idle boy1        ,i sought 
its friendly shade2        ,in all their
 gushing joy1        ,here1 too1 my     
sisters played2        ,my mother kiss'd
 me here2        ,my father press'd my  
hand1        ,forgive this foolish tear1
        ,but let that old oak stand6    
#d4 ,my heart-strings 'round thee cling1
        ,close as thy bark1 old friend6 
,here shall the wild-bird sing1         
,and still thy branches bend4           
,old tree1 the storm thou'lt brave1     
,and1 woodman1 leave the spot2          
,while ,i've a hand to save1        ,thy
 axe shall harm it not6   #h4 ,,breaking
 ,,ranks ,,and ,,dismissal4             
,illustration     ,popular ,books for   

,young ,readers4   ,,monteith',s        
,,popular ,,science ,,reader4 ,by       
,,james ,,monteith4   #abmo1 cloth1 #cfj
 pages                         #ge cents
  ,presents a number of easy and        
interesting lessons on natural science  
and natural history1 interspersed with  
appropriate selections from standard    
authors4  ,,the ,,geographical ,,reader 
,,and ,,primer4   #abmo1 cloth1 red     
edges1 #bih pages              #fj cents
  ,a series of journeys round the world1
 based on ,guyot's ,introduction1 with  
primary lessons4 ,richly illustrated    
with over #acj engravings4              
,,johonnot',s ,,geographical ,,reader4  
,by ,,james ,,johonnot4   #abmo1 cloth1 
#dah pages                              
#a4jj  ,a collection of geographical    
descriptions and narrations from the    
best writers in ,english literature1    
carefully classified and arranged4      
,,johonnot',s ,,historical ,,readers4   
,seven books4    ,grandfather's ,stories
                          #bg cents     

,stories of ,heroic ,deeds              
#cj cents   ,stories of ,our ,country   
#dj cents   ,stories of ,other ,lands   
#dj cents   ,stories of the ,olden ,time
                      #ed cents   ,ten  
,great ,events in ,history              
#ed cents  ,an attractive series of     
books1 carefully graded and fully       
illustrated4   ,,shepherd',s            
,,historical ,,reader4 ,by ,,henry ,e4  
,,shepherd1 ,a4,m4   #abmo1 cloth1 #cde 
pages                            #a4jj  
,a collection of extracts representing  
the purest historical literature that   
has been produced in the different      
stages of literary development1 from the
 time of ,clarendon to the era of       
,macaulay and ,prescott4   ,,johonnot',s
 ,,natural ,,history ,,readers4 ,six    
books4    ,book of ,cats and ,dogs      
#ag cents   ,friends in ,feathers and   
,fur                    #cj cents       
,neighbors with ,wings and ,fins        
#dj cents   ,some ,curious ,flyers1     
,creepers1 and ,swimmers    #dj cents   

,neighbors with ,claws and ,hoofs       
#ed cents   ,glimpses of the ,animate   
,world                  #a4jj  ,on the  
same plan as ,johonnot's ,historical    
,readers4 ,these books are admirable for
 supplementary reading classes4         
,,lockwood',s ,,animal ,,memoirs4 ,by   
,,samuel ,,lockwood1 ,ph4,d4   ,two     
books4 #abmo4 ,illustrated4    ,part ,i4
 ,mammals4 #cag pages4                  
#fj cents   ,part ,,ii4 ,birds4 #cig    
pages4                     #fj cents    
,for use either as text-books of science
 in popular form1 or as supplementary   
readers4   ,mc,g,u,f,f,e,y',s ,,natural 
,,history ,,readers4   ,two books4      
#abmo4 ,illustrated4    ,mc,guffey's    
,familiar ,animals and their ,wild      
,kindred4 #bjh pages1 #ej cts4          
,mc,guffey's ,living ,creatures of      
,water1 ,land1 and ,air4 #bjh pages1 #ej
 cts4   ,,treat',s ,,home ,,studies ,,in
 ,,nature4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,mary ,,treat4    
#abmo1 cloth1 #bdd pages                
#ij cents  ,part ,i4--,observations on  

,birds4 ,part ,,ii4--,habits of         
,insects4 ,part ,,iii4--,plants that    
consume ,animals4 ,part                 
,,iv4--,flowering ,plants4   ,copies of 
the above books will be sent1 postage   
prepaid1 to any address on receipt of   
price4 ,full descriptive circulars of   
supplementary readers for all grades    
mailed free on application4   ,,american
 ,,book ,,company1 ,new ,york1          
,cincinnati1 ,chicago1 ,boston4         
,arithmetic4   ,practical series1       
freshly written1 attractive1 carefully  
graded1 standard works4 ,they state     
principles and definitions clearly and  
simply1 and provide plenty of practice4 
,,milne',s ,,new ,,arithmetics3         
,elements of ,arithmetic  #cj cents     
,standard ,arithmetic     #fe cents     
,these books constitute an entirely new 
two-book series1 embodying what is      
considered the best in modern methods of
 teaching arithmetic4 ,it is a          
philosophical1 original1 progressive1   
and thoroughly modern course4 ,the      

,standard ,arithmetic provides a        
thorough and systematic training of     
pupils to rapidity and accuracy1 while  
at the same time it aims to help their  
analytical powers and reasoning         
faculties4 ,business processes are      
introduced in such a way as to render   
them of the greatest practical value4   
,other features are a new order and     
arrangement of subjects2 lucidity of    
explanations2 brevity and accuracy of   
definitions1 principles1 and rules4     
,,robinson',s ,,new ,,arithmetics3      
,new ,primary ,arithmetic        #ah    
cents   ,new ,rudiments of ,arithmetic  
#cj cents   ,new ,practical ,arithmetic 
#fe cents  ,these revisions present in a
 new dress all of those distinctive     
features which have contributed to the  
success and popularity of ,robinson's   
,progressive ,arithmetics1 while        
introducing much important and valuable 
matter not to be found in the earlier   
editions4 ,the ,new ,primary and ,new   
,practical ,arithmetics form an         

excellent two-book course4 ,the         
,rudiments is an intermediate book1     
giving additional drill and             
strengthening the series where most     
pupils are weak4 ,the three books are   
therefore confidently recommended when  
time will permit their use4             
,,appletons' ,,standard ,,arithmetics3  
,appletons' ,first ,lessons    #cf cents
   ,appletons' ,numbers ,applied  #ge   
cents  ,embodying many new and practical
 features4   ,,ray',s ,,new             
,,arithmetics3    ,new ,elementary      
,arithmetic    #ce cents   ,new         
,practical ,arithmetic     #ej cents    
,new ,intellectual ,arithmetic  #be     
cents   ,new ,higher ,arithmetic        
#he cents  ,philosophical in treatment2 
concise1 simple1 and clear in style4    
,,fish',s ,,new ,,arithmetics3          
,fish's ,arithmetic1 ,number ,one  #cj  
cents   ,fish's ,arithmetic1 ,number    
,two  #fj cents  ,latest and best       
results of ,mr4 ,fish's lifelong studies
 in this department4   ,,white',s ,,new 

,,arithmetics3    ,first ,book of       
,arithmetic  #cj cents   ,new ,complete 
,arithmetic   #fe cents  ,one of the    
strongest and most attractive two-book  
series published4   ,we publish also3   
,robinson's ,shorter ,course2 ,davies's 
,popular ,arithmetics2 ,ficklin's       
,series2 ,harper's ,two-book ,course2   
,bailey's ,american ,mental ,arithmetic1
 and others1 circulars of which will be 
sent on application4  ,books sent       
prepaid on receipt of price4 ,special   
terms on introductory supplies4         
,correspondence is invited4   ,,american
 ,,book ,,company1 ,new ,york1          
,cincinnati1 ,chicago1 ,boston4         
,language ,books4   ,attractive books   
for language study1 not part of any     
series1 but may be used independently as
 introductory to any more advanced      
grammars4   ,,barnes',s ,,language      
,,lessons2   ,or1 ,short ,studies in    
,english4 ,illustrated4 ,in two parts4  
,part ,i4--,picture ,lessons in ,english
          #cj cents     ,part           

,,ii4--,working ,lessons in ,english    
#dj cents     ,two ,parts in ,one       
,volume                      #fj cents  
,a series of easy and attractive        
lessons1 containing a large amount of   
practice upon each topic belonging to   
,english grammar4   ,,eclectic          
,,language ,,lessons                    
#ce cents  ,designed to accustom        
children to correct use of the          
elementary forms of speech with as      
little reference as possible to the     
technicalities of grammar4   ,,long',s  
,,new ,,language ,,exercises4  ,based   
upon the principle that children learn  
by example and practice1 and not by     
rules and theory4 ,fully illustrated4   
,new ,language ,exercises1 ,part ,i     
#bj cents    ,for ,first and ,second    
,reader ,grades4 ,new ,language         
,exercises1 ,part ,,ii                  
#be cents    ,for ,third and ,fourth    
,reader ,grades4 ,lessons in ,english   
7,grammar and ,composition7     #ce     
cents    ,the rudiments of grammar1 free

 from technicalities4 #add pages4       
,cloth4   ,,metcalf ,,and ,,bright',s   
,,language ,,exercises1         #db     
cents  ,comprising three parts in one   
volume1 and covering three grades of    
work in schools4 ,arranged to develop   
clearness of thought and accuracy of    
expression4   ,,parshall',s ,,graded    
,,exercises ,,in ,,analysis1            
,,synthesis1   ,,and ,,false ,,syntax   
#cf cents  ,with an exemplified outline 
of the classification of sentences and  
clauses1 and a table of diacritical     
marks and questions4   ,,shoup',s ,,easy
 ,,words ,,for ,,little ,,learners1 and 
,how to   ,use ,them                    
#ae cents  ,language lessons so arranged
 and illustrated as to make the study   
interesting and instructive for         
beginners4   ,,sill',s ,,practical      
,,lessons ,,in ,,english4               
#fj cents  ,a brief course in grammar   
and composition4   ,,studies ,,in       
,,language4   ,child's ,book of         
,language4 ,graded ,lessons and ,blanks 

for the ,natural     ,development of    
,language4 ,four ,numbers4 ,each number 
#bj pages and     blanks4 ,paper4       
,illustrated4 ,each              #h     
cents    ,teachers' ,edition4 ,four     
,parts in one vol4 ,paper4              
,illustrated4                           
#cj cents    ,letters and ,lessons in   
,language4 ,lessons and ,blanks in ,four
 ,numbers4     ,each number #dh pages4  
,paper4 ,illustrated4     ,each         
#af cents    ,letters and ,lessons in   
,language4 ,no4 #e4 ,grammar #acg pages4
 #ahmo4     ,cloth4                     
#ce cents    ,studies in ,language4 ,a  
,teachers' ,guide to the ,first ,four   
,numbers of     ,letters and ,lessons4  
#acc pages4 ,paper4     ,illustrated    
#bj cents   ,,ward',s ,,grammar         
,,blanks4   ,nos4 #a and #b4 ,per dozen 
#ij cents  ,for written recitations in  
analysis and parsing2 so arranged as to 
economize the time of both pupil and    
teacher4   ,any of the above books will 
be mailed1 postpaid1 on receipt of      

price4 ,full list of publications will  
be sent an application4   ,,american    
,,book ,,company1 ,new ,york1           
,cincinnati1 ,chicago1 ,boston4         
,school ,geographies4   ,the great      
demand for the ,american ,book          
,company's numerous geographies enables 
them to keep an efficient corps always  
engaged in securing accurate data of    
every change and discovery affecting    
this science1 and these are promptly    
incorporated in the ,company's books4   
,the ,company will continue to pursue   
the course indicated above in reference 
to its geographies1 notwithstanding the 
heavy expense1 confident that           
progressive teachers everywhere will    
appreciate these efforts to keep in the 
market the most accurate1 reliable1 and 
in every way the best school geographies
 published4  ,the leading               
,common-,school ,geographies are the    
following3  ,,appletons' ,,standard     
,,geographies4    ,appletons'           
,elementary ,geography                #j

 #ee   ,appletons' ,higher ,geography   
#a #be  ,,barnes',s ,,new ,,geographies4
    ,barnes's ,elementary ,geography    
#ee   ,barnes's ,complete ,geography    
#a #be  ,,eclectic ,,geographies4       
,eclectic ,elementary ,geography        
#ee   ,eclectic ,complete ,geography    
#a #bj  ,,harper',s ,,geographies4      
,harper's ,introductory ,geography      
#dh   ,harper's ,school ,geography      
#a #jh  ,,swinton',s ,,geographies4     
,swinton's ,introductory ,geography     
#ee   ,swinton's ,grammar-,school       
,geography              #a #be          
,,physical ,,geography4  ,appletons'    
,physical ,geography4 ,large #dto       
#a #fj  ,prepared by a corps of         
scientific experts1 with richly         
illustrated engravings1 diagrams1 and   
maps in color4   ,eclectic ,physical    
,geography4 #abmo4               #a #jj 
,by ,,russell ,,hinman4 ,a new work in a
 new and convenient form4 ,all          
irrelevant matter is omitted1 and the   
pages devoted exclusively to ,physical  

,geography clearly treated in the light 
of recent investigations4 ,the numerous 
charts1 cuts1 and diagrams are drawn    
with accuracy1 fully illustrating the   
text4   ,guyot's ,physical ,geography4  
,large #dto            #a #fj  ,by      
,,arnold ,,guyot4 ,revised1 with new    
plates and newly engraved maps4         
,monteith's ,new ,physical ,geography4  
#dto           #a #jj  ,a new and       
comprehensive work1 embracing the       
results of recent research in this      
field1 including ,physiography1         
,hydrography1 ,meteorology1 ,terrestrial
 ,magnetism1 and ,vulcanology4   ,any of
 these books will be sent1 prepaid1 to  
any address on receipt of price4        
,special terms for introduction4        
,correspondence invited4   ,american    
,book ,company1 ,new ,york1 ,cincinnati1
 ,chicago1 ,boston4     ,american       
,history for ,schools4   ,,barnes',s    
,,series3  ,barnes's ,primary ,history  
of the ,united ,states4 ,by ,t4,f4      
,,donnelly4 ,for ,intermediate ,classes4

 ,fully illustrated4 #fj cents          
,barnes's ,brief ,history of the ,united
 ,states4 ,revised to the present       
,administration4 ,richly embellished    
with maps and illustrations4 #a4jj      
,,eclectic ,,series3  ,eclectic ,primary
 ,history of the ,united ,states4 ,by   
,,edward ,s4 ,,ellis4 ,a book for       
younger classes1 or those who have not  
the time to devote to a more complete   
history4 #ej cents  ,new ,eclectic      
,history of the ,united ,states4 ,by    
,m4,e4 ,,thalheimer4 ,a revised1        
enlarged1 and improved edition of the   
,eclectic ,history of the ,united       
,states4 ,fully illustrated with        
engravings1 colored plates1 etc41 #a4jj 
,,eggleston',s ,,series3  ,eggleston's  
,first ,book in ,american ,history4 ,by 
,,edward ,,eggleston4 ,with ,special    
,reference to the ,lives and ,deeds of  
,great ,americans4 ,beautifully         
illustrated4 ,a history for beginners on
 a new plan4 #fj cents  ,eggleston's    
,history of the ,united ,states and its 

,people4 ,by ,,edward ,,eggleston4 ,for 
the ,use of ,schools4 ,fully illustrated
 with engravings1 maps1 and colored     
plates4 #a4je   ,we also publish        
,niles's ,united ,states ,history2      
,swinton's ,series1 two books2 and      
,quackenbos's ,series1 two books4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,general ,history4   ,appletons' ,school
 ,history of the ,world #a4bb  ,a clear1
 fresh1 carefully condensed work1 fully 
illustrated4   ,barnes's ,brief ,general
 ,history of the ,world #a4fj  ,new     
edition1 carefully revised1 and entirely
 reset4 ,one of the most popular and    
interesting histories of the world that 
has been published4   ,fisher's         
,outlines of ,universal ,history #b4dj  
,swinton's ,outlines of the ,world's    
,history #a4dd  ,the same1 in two parts1
 each 4#ge  ,ancient1 medival1 and      
modern1 with special reference to the   
history of mankind4   ,thalheimer's     
,general ,history #a4bj  ,extreme       
brevity has here been combined with a   

lively and simple narrative1 specially  
adapted for younger pupils4   ,our list 
also includes ,histories of ,england1   
,france1 ,greece1 ,rome1 etc41 besides  
ancient1 medival1 and modern histories  
and manuals of mythology4  ,send for    
,section #g1 which fully describes these
 and other works on the same subject4   
,special terms for introduction4        
,correspondence invited4   ,,american   
,,book ,,company1 ,new ,york1           
,cincinnati1 ,chicago1 ,boston4         
,,recent ,,publications4                
,,alexander',s ,brief ,history of the   
,hawaiian ,people4 ,illustrated  #a #ej 
,,apgar',s ,trees of the ,northern      
,united ,states4 ,illustrated        #a 
#jj  ,,appleton',s ,school ,physics     
#a #bj  ,,appletons' ,how to ,teach     
,writing4 ,a ,manual of ,penmanship     
#ej  ,,armstrong ,,and ,,norton',s      
,laboratory ,manual of ,chemistry       
#ej  ,,bailey',s ,american ,mental      
,arithmetic                             
#ce  ,,barnes',s ,general ,history of   

the ,world4   ,a new edition printed    
from new plates                         
#a #fj  ,,cathcart',s ,literary ,reader4
 ,a ,new ,manual of ,english ,literature
    #a #ae  ,,dreyspring',s ,french     
,reader on the ,cumulative ,method      
#ge  ,,ellwood',s ,table ,book and ,test
 ,problems in ,mathematics              
#a #jj  ,english ,classics for ,schools4
 ,uniform binding in boards4            
,macaulay's ,,second ,,essay ,,on ,,the 
,,earl ,,of ,,chatham                   
#bj   ,sir ,roger de ,coverley ,papers1 
from ,the ,spectator                #bj 
,irving's ,,sketch-,,book--,,ten        
,,selections                            
#bj   ,scott's 7,,sir ,,walter7         
,,ivanhoe                               
#ej   ,scott's 7,,sir ,,walter7         
,,marmion                               
#dj   ,shakespeare's ,,julius ,c,,sar   
#bj   ,shakespeare's ,,twelfth ,,night  
#bj  ,,harper ,,and ,,miller',s         
,vergil's ,aeneid                       
#a #be  ,,hoffman',s ,sloyd ,system of  

,wood ,working                          
#a #jj  ,,milne',s ,standard ,arithmetic
                                        
#fe  ,,milne',s ,high ,school ,algebra  
#a #jj  ,,morris',s ,physical ,education
 in the ,public ,schools                
#a #jj  ,,peterman',s ,elements of      
,civil ,government                      
#fj  ,,rickoff',s ,supplementary ,first 
,reader                                 
#be  ,,robinson',s ,new ,arithmetics3   
,,new ,,primary ,,arithmetic            
#ah   ,,new ,,rudiments ,,of            
,,arithmetic                            
#cj   ,,new ,,practical ,,arithmetic    
#fe  ,the ,schoolmaster in ,literature4 
,with an ,introduction by   ,,edw4      
,,eggleston                             
#a #dj  ,,webster',s ,new ,school       
,dictionaries3   ,,new ,,primary        
,,dictionary                            
#dh   ,,new ,,common ,,school           
,,dictionary                            
#gb   ,,new ,,high ,,school ,,dictionary
                                        

#ih  ,,white',s ,new ,course in ,art    
,instruction3   ,,books #a1 #b1 ,,and   
#c1 per dozen                           
#a #jj   ,,books #d ,,to #i1 per dozen  
#a #hj  ,books sent postpaid on receipt 
of price4 ,specially favorable terms for
 introduction4   ,,american ,,book      
,,company1 ,new ,york1 ,cincinnati1     
,chicago1 ,boston4