,transcrib]'s note3     ,italiciz$ words
 are enclos$ by und]scores 7italic74    
,bold-fac$ words are enclos$ by equal   
signs 7bold74      ,,! ,,vitaliz$       
,,s*ool  by  ,,francis ,b4 ,,pe>son     
,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction (     
,ohio ,au?or ( ,! ,evolution ( ! ,tea*] 
,! ,high ,s*ool ,problem ,rev]ies ( a   
,s*oolma/]        ,new ,york ,!         
,mac,millan ,company #aiah ,copyright1  
#aiag1 by ! ,mac,millan ,company4       
,publi%$ ,febru>y1 #aiag4 ,repr9t$      
,janu>y1 #aiah4      ,,preface   ,!     
?\ghtful obs]v] mu/ h not$ 9 ! rec5t pa/
 _m indications ( an awak5$ int]e/ bo? 9
 ! concept ( education & 9 s*ool        
proc$ure on ! "p ( s*ool (ficials1      
tea*]s1 & ! public4 ,educators h be5    
develop+ p$agogical pr9ciples t /rike _!
 roots deep into ! philosophy ( life1 & 
n[ _! pron\ncem5ts are invad+ !         
consci\sness ( p ( all ranks & caus+ !m 
to realize m & m t ! s*ool process is an
 integral "p ( ! life process & n some?+
 deta*$ f life4  ,! foll[+ pages        

con/itute an attempt to int]pret "s ( ! 
s*ool processes 9 t]ms ( life processes1
 & to sugge/ ways 9 :i* ^! processes may
 be made id5tical4  ,x is hop$ t tea*]s 
:o may read ^! pages may f9d runn+ ?r\gh
 !m a /r& ( optimism t w give !m        
increas$ fai? 9 _! own p[]s1 a l>g] hope
 = ! future ( ! s*ool1 & an access (    
zeal to press valiantly =w>d 9 _! ef=ts 
to excel !mselves4  ,f4 ,b4 ,p4         
,,columbus1 ,,ohio1 ,janu>y1 #aiag4     
,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts   ,,*apt]         
,i4 ,,tea*+ ,,s*ool      ,,ii4 ,,!      
,,tea*]     ,,iii4 ,,! ,,*ild      ,,iv4
 ,,! ,,*ild ,,( ,,! ,,future       ,v4  
,,! ,,tea*]-,,politician      ,,vi4     
,,sublime ,,*aos     ,,vii4 ,,democracy 
,,viii4 ,,patriotism      ,,ix4 ,,"w ,,&
 ,,life       ,x4 ,,words ,,& ,,_!      
,,cont5t      ,,xi4 ,,complete ,,liv+   
,,xii4 ,,! ,,"t ,,elem5t    ,,xiii4 ,,! 
,,arti/ ,,tea*]     ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,tea*]  
,,z ,,an ,,ideal      ,,xv4 ,,!         
,,socializ$ ,,recitation     ,,xvi4     
,,agriculture    ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,&

 ,,! ,,community   ,,xviii4 ,,poetry ,,&
 ,,life     ,,xix4 ,a ,,s5se ,,( ,,humor
      ,,xx4 ,,! ,,elem5t ,,( ,,human    
,,int]e/     ,,xxi4 ,,behavior          
,,xxii4 ,,bond ,,& ,,fe>   ,,xxiii4     
,,exam9ations    ,,xxiv4 ,,_w-,,build+  
,,xxv4 ,a ,,typical ,,vitaliz$ ,,s*ool  
,,! ,,vitaliz$ ,,s*ool     ,,*apt] ,i   
,,tea*+ ,,s*ool   ,life & liv+          
comp>$4--,!re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 
s*ool-tea*+ & tea*+ s*ool4 ,! "q ,is %e 
a s*ool-tea*]8 means "o ?+2 b ! "q ,c %e
 tea* s*ool8 means q ano!r4 ,s*ool-tea*+
 may be liv+2 b tea*+ s*ool is life4 ,& 
any "o :o has a def9ition ( life c      
readily f9d a def9ition = tea*+ s*ool4  
,mu* ( ! criticism ( ! "w ( ! s*ools    
emanates f s\rces t h a re/rict$ concept
 ( life4 ,! artisan :o def9es life 9    
t]ms ( 8 own trade is impati5t ) mu* t !
 s*ool is try+ to d4 ,he w\ld h ! scope 
( ! s*ool n>r[$ to 8 concept ( life4 ,if
 art & lit]ature are beyond ! limits ( 8
 concept1 he c see no w>rant = _!       
pres5ce 9 ! s*ool4 ,! "w ( ! s*ools _c  

be /&>diz$ until life itself is /&>diz$1
 & t is nei!r possible nor desirable4 ,!
 glory ( life is t x does n h fixity1 t 
x is ev] cresc5t4  ,tea*+ def9$4--,tea*+
 s*ool may be def9$1 !re=e1 z ! process 
( int]pret+ life by ! laboratory me?od4 
,! tea*]'s "w is to op5 ! gates ( life =
 ! pupils4 ,b1 be=e ^! gates c be op5$1 
! tea*] mu/ "k :at & :]e !y are4 ,?is   
view ( ! tea*]'s "w is nei!r fanciful   
nor fanta/ic2 q ! contr>y4 ,life is !   
common h]itage ( p "y & old1 & ! s*ool  
%\ld be s organiz$ & adm9i/]$ z to tea* 
p h[ to use ?is h]itage to ! be/        
advantage bo? = !mselves & = o!rs4 ,if a
 *ild %\ld be abs5t f s*ool altoge!r1 or
 if he %\ld be inc>c]at$ 9 prison f 8   
six? to 8 eighte5? ye>1 he w\ld /ill h  
life4 ,b1 if he is 9 s*ool dur+ ^?      
twelve ye>s1 he is suppos$ to h life t  
is ( bett] quality & m abundant4 ,life  
is n measur$ by ye>s1 b by its own      
int5sity & scope4 ,x has (t5 be5 said t 
"s p h m life 9 ?reescore & t5 ye>s ?an 
,me?uselah _h 9 8 m ?an n9e hundr$ ye>s4

  ,life measur$ by int5sity4--,?is      
/atem5t is n demon/rable1 ( c\rse1 b x  
s]ves to make evid5t ! fact t "s p h m (
 life 9 a giv5 "t ?an o!rs 9 ! same "t4 
,9 ?is s5se1 life may be measur$ by !   
numb] ( reactions to objectives4 ,^!    
reactions may be increas$ by tra9+4 ,two
 p]sons1 9 pass+ a %op-w9d[1 may n see !
 same objects2 or "o may see twice z _m 
z ! o!r1 accord+ to _! ability to react4
 ,! man :o 0 lock$ 9 a vault at !       
cemet]y by accid5t1 & 0 n discov]$ = an 
h\r1 ?\ght he _h sp5t f\r days 9 8      
imprisonm5t4 ,he _h really liv$ f\r days
 9 a s+le h\r by reason ( ! int5sity (  
life dur+ t h\r4  ,illu/rations4--,9 !  
case ( dreams1 we are told t ye>s may be
 cond5s$ into m9utes1 or ev5 seconds1 by
 reason ( ! rapidity ( reactions4 ,!    
rapidity & int5sity ( ^! reactions make 
!mselves manife/ on ! face ( ! dream]4  
,beads ( p]spiration & facial           
contortions betok5 int5sity ( feel+4 ,9 
su* an exp]i5ce life is int5se4 ,if a   
m5tal or spiritual cyclomet] c\ld be us$

 9 su* a case1 x w\ld make a high record
 ( spe$4 ,life sometimes t\*es bottom1 &
 sometimes scales ! heights4 ,b !       
di/ance betwe5 ^! extremes v>ies greatly
 9 diff]5t p]sons4 ,! life ( "o may h b 
a s+le octave2 ( ! o!r1 eight1 or a     
hundr$1 or a ?\s&4 ,! life ( ,job is an 
apt illu/ration4 ,no "o has be5 able to 
s\nd ! dep?s ( 8 suff]+1 nor has any "o 
be5 able to measure ! heights ( 8       
exaltation4 ,we may n readily compute ! 
octaves 9 su* a life z 84  ,! complexity
 ( life4--,x is n easy to ?9k life1 mu* 
less def9e x4 ,! elem5ts are s num]\s z 
to baffle & bewild] ! m9d4 ,x looks out 
at "o f s _m corn]s t x seems           
,argus-ey$4 ,at "o mom5t we see x on !  
,/ock ,ex*ange :]e m5 /ruggle & /rive 9 
a mad fr5zy ( competition2 at ano!r1 9 a
 quiet home1 :]e a "m soo!s h] baby to  
sleep1 :]e !re is no competition b1 r1 a
 sublime monopoly4 ,aga91 x manife/s    
itself 9 ! clank+ ( ma*9]y :]e m5 are   
tunnel+ ! m\nta9 or con/ruct+ a canal to
 unite oceans2 or1 aga91 9 ! laboratory 

:]e ! microscope is reveal+ ! =m ( ! sn[
 cry/al4 ,"o man is wat*+ ! movem5ts ( !
 heav5ly bodies z !y file by 8          
telescope1 :ile ano!r writes a          
proclamation t makes free a race ( p4   
,ano!r man is lead+ an army into battle1
 :ile "s ,doctor ,mac,clure is brea/+ ! 
/orm 9 ! d>kness z he goes =? on 8      
mission ( m]cy4  ,manife/ations (       
life4--,^! manife/ations ( life m5 call 
trade1 comm]ce1 hi/ory1 ma!matics1      
sci5ce1 nature1 & philan?ropy4 ,& m5    
write ^! words 9 books1 & o!r m5 write  
o!r books try+ to expla9 _! mean+4 ,!n1 
/ill o!rs divide & subdivide1 & sci5ce  
becomes ! sci5ces1 & ma!matics becomes  
ari?metic1 & algebra1 & geometry1 &     
trigonometry1 & calculus1 & a/ronomy4   
,"h ma!matics & sci5ce seem to m]ge4 ,&1
 9 "t1 hi/ory & geography come toge!r1 &
 sometimes /rive = prec$5ce4  ,?us1     
books accumulate into libr>ies & s add  
ano!r to ! _m elem5ts ( life4 ,!n       
magaz9es are writt5 to expla9 ! books & 
_! au?ors4 ,! motive beh9d ! book is    

analyz$ 9 an ef=t to discov] ! work+s ( 
! au?or's m9d & he>t4 ,9 ^! revelations 
we sometimes he> ! rippl+ ( ! brook1 &  
sometimes ! moan ( ! sea2 sometimes !   
coo+ ( ! dove1 & sometimes ! scream ( ! 
eagle2 sometimes ! bleat+ ( ! lamb1 &   
sometimes ! ro>+ ( ! lion4 ,9 !m we see 
! moonbeams t play among ! fl[]s & !    
lightn+ t r5ds ! =e/2 ! blossoms t filt]
 f ! trees & ! avalan*e t c>ries        
de/ruction2 ! ra9 t fructifies ! e>? & !
 hurricane t de/roys4  ,life 9          
lit]ature4--,back ( ^! sights & s\nds we
 discov] m5--,cic]o1 ,demo/h5es1 ,hom]1 
,isaiah1 ,%akespe>e1 ,milton1 ,dante4   
,we trace ! ?\ghts & emotions ( ^! m5 & 
f9d lit]ature4 ,& 9 lit]ature1 aga91 we 
come ^u ano!r manife/ation ( life4      
,lit]ature is :at x is because ^! m5 7  
:at !y 74 ,!y saw & felt life to be l>ge
 & s wrote x d[n l>ge2 & because !y     
wrote x ?us1 :at !y wrote endures4 ,!y  
/ood ^u ! heights & saw ! /ruggles ( man
 ) himself1 ) o!r m51 & ) nature4 ,?is  
panorama g5]at$ ?\ghts & feel+s 9 !m1 & 

^! !y c\ld n b portray4 ,& s lit]ature &
 life are id5tical & n coo]d9ates1 z "s 
w\ld h u ?9k4  ,life z subject matt] 9  
tea*+4--,9 tea*+ s*ool1 !re=e1 ! subject
 matt] ) :i* we h to d is life--no?+ m &
 no?+ less4 ,we may call x hi/ory1 or   
ma!matics1 or lit]ature1 or             
psy*ology1--b x /ill rema9s true t life 
is ! real objective ( all our           
activities4 ,&1 z has be5 already said1 
we are tea*+ life by ! laboratory me?od4
 ,we are /riv+ to int]pret ! ?+ 9 :i* we
 are imm]s$4 ,we feel1 & ?9k1 & aspire1 
& love1 & enjoy4 ,all ^! are life2 & f  
?is life we are /riv+ to extract /r5g? t
 our feel+ may be deep]1 our ?9k+ high]1
 our aspirations wid] & m l(ty1 our love
 pur] & nobl]1 & our own enjoym5t       
great]4 ,by absorb+ ! life t is all ab\t
 u we /rive to h m abundant & ab\nd+    
life4  ,! tea*]'s prov9ce4--,su* is !   
prov9ce ( "o :o essays ! task ( tea*+   
s*ool4 ,s*ool is life1 z we h be5 told2 
b1 at ! same "t1 x is a place & an      
occasion = tea*+ life4 ,if we c\ld deta*

 hi/ory f life1 x w\ld cease to be      
hi/ory4 ,if lit]ature is n life1 x is n 
lit]ature2 & s ) ! sci5ces4 ,^! bran*es 
are b v>iants or bran*es ( life1 & all  
emanate f a common c5t]4 ,:e!r we scan !
 heav5s1 p5etrate ! dep?s ( ! sea1 pore 
ov] ! pages ( books1 or look into ! m9ds
 & he>ts ( m51 we are /riv+ aft] an     
int]pretation ( life4   ,,que/ions ,,&  
,,ex]cises  #a4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 a s*ool 
tea*] & a man or woman :o tea*es s*ool4 
#b4 ,discuss ! importance ( ! foll[+    
ag5cies ( ! s*ool 9 secur+ = *ildr5 life
 ( a bett] quality & m abundant3 play2  
revitaliz$ curricula2 vitaliz$ tea*]s2  
m$ical inspection2 social c5t]s2 moral  
in/ruction4  #c4 ,discuss bo? f ! /&po9t
 ( pres5t practice & ideal educational  
pr9ciples3 ,m abundant life r ?an k is !
 *ief end ( in/ruction4  #d4 ,:at *anges
 are necess>y 9 s*ool curricula & 9 !   
me?ods ( s*ool organization1 in/ruction1
 & discipl9e1 9 ord] t ! *ief purpose ( 
our s*ools1 m abundant life1 may be     
realiz$8  #e4 ,ju/ify ! app>5t l5g? ( ! 

s*ool day to tea*]s & pupils1 z a means 
( det]m9+ ! quality ( ! "w ( ! s*ool4   
#f4 ,"s tea*]s ma9ta9 t s*ool is a      
prep>ation = life1 :ile ! au?or ma9ta9s 
t s*ool is life4 ,is ?is diff]5ce 9 !   
concept ( ! s*ool a vital "o8  #g4 ,h[  
may ?is diff]5ce ( concept affect ! "w (
 ! tea*]8 ! attitude ( ! pupil8  #h4    
,:at def9ition ( education w be/        
h>monize ) ! ideals ( ?is *apt]8        
,,*apt] ,,ii  ,,! ,,tea*]   ,tea*]s     
contra/$4--,! vitaliz$ s*ool is an      
expression ( ! vitaliz$ tea*]4 ,9 ! h&s 
( ! tea*] ( ano!r sort1 ! vitaliz$ s*ool
 is impossible4 ,unless %e c see 9 !    
multiplication table ! p[] t ?r[s !     
bridge across ! riv]1 t builds pyramids1
 t con/ructs railways1 t s5ds %ips      
across ! ocean1 t tunnels m\nta9s &     
navigates ! air1 ?is table becomes a    
/upid ?+1 a dead ?+1 & an incubus ^u !  
spirits ( h] pupils4 ,to su* a tea*]    
ma!matics is a lifeless ?+1 )\t hope or 
pot5cy1 ! s*ool is a m]e conv5i5ce = !  
e>n+ ( a livelihood1 ! "w is ! drudg]y (

 bondage1 & ! *ildr5 are little less ?an
 an imp]t95ce4 ,! vitaliz$ tea*] is     
diff]5t4 ,to h] ! multiplication table  
pulsates ) life4 ,x /ret*es =? its      
b5efic5t h& to give employm5t to a      
million work]s1 & food to a million     
homes4 ,x p]vades e m>t ( trade2 x loads
 tra9s & %ips ) ! comm]ce ( nations2 & x
 helps to amplify & ennoble             
civilization4  ,vitaliz$ ma!matics4--,9 
?is table %e sees a prophecy ( great    
a*ievem5ts 9 eng9e]+1 ar*itecture1      
transportation1 & ! myriad applications 
( sci5ce4 ,9 brief1 ma!matics to h] is  
vibrant ) life bo? 9 its pres5t uses & 9
 its possibilities4 ,%e kn[s t x is a "p
 ( ! texture ( ! daily life ( e home z  
well z ( national life4 ,%e kn[s t x    
p]ta9s to individual1 community1 &      
national well-be+4 ,kn[+ ?is1 %e feels t
 x is q wor? :ile = h]self & h] pupils1 
bo? = ! pres5t & = ! future4 ,%e feels  
t1 if %e w\ld "k life1 %e mu/ "k        
ma!matics1 because x is a "p ( life2 t1 
if %e w\ld tea* life to h] pupils1 %e   

mu/ tea* !m ma!matics z an integral "p (
 life2 & t %e mu/ tea* x 9 su* a way t x
 w be z mu* a "p ( !mselves z _! bodily 
organs4 ,%e wants !m to "k ! ma!matics z
 !y "k t ! ra9 is fall+ or t ! sun is   
%9+1 because ! ra91 ! sun%9e1 & !       
ma!matics are all elem5ts ( life4 ,h]   
great aim is to h h] pupils exp]i5ce !  
/udy j z !y exp]i5ce o!r phases ( life4 
,! tea*]'s attitude4--,su* a tea*] ) su*
 a conception ( life & ( h] "w f9ds     
tea*+ s*ool ! v rev]se ( drudg]y4 ,ea*  
day is an exhil>at+ exp]i5ce ( life4 ,h]
 pupils are a "p ( life to h]4 ,%e      
enjoys life &1 h5ce1 enjoys !m4 ,!y are 
h] conf$]ates 9 ! f9e game ( life4 ,!   
bigness & exub]ance ( h] abundant life  
enfolds !m all1 & f ! v atmosph]e ( h]  
pres5ce !y absorb life4 ,_! /udies1 "u !
 influ5ce ( h] magic1 are z mu* a "p (  
life to !m z ! air !y brea! or ! food !y
 eat4 ,no two days are alike 9 h] s*ool1
 = life to-day is l>g] ?an x 0 ye/]day &
 s pres5ts a new aspect4 ,h] _s c>ries  
ov] into _! spirits ! tru?s ( ! books1 &

 ^! tru?s ?us become inh]5t4  ,college  
influ5ces4--,%e tea*es life1 albeit     
?r\gh ! m$ium ( subjects & books1       
because %e kn[s life4 ,h] college "w did
 n consi/ 9 ! ga!r+ toge!r ( _m facts1 b
 9 accumulat+ exp]i5ces ( life4 ,_m ( ^!
 exp]i5ces 7 acquir$ vic>i\sly1 b !y 7  
no less real on t acc\nt4 ,h] g5]\s     
nature 0 able to )/& ! mo/ assidu\s     
ef=ts ( "s ( h] tea*]s to qu5* ! flames 
( life t gl[$ 9 ! pages ( books1 ) ! wet
 blanket ( erudition4 ,%e 0 able to     
relive ! ?\ghts & feel+s ( ! au?ors ^:  
books %e /udi$ & s make _! exp]i5ces h] 
own4 ,%e c\ld recon/itute ! emotional   
life ( h] au?ors & ga9 pot5cy ?r\gh !   
transfusion ( _s4 ,h] books 7 liv+ ?+s1 
& %e glean$ life f _! pages4  ,read+ &  
life4--,%e c tea* read+ because %e c    
read4 ,read+ to h] is an exp]i5ce 9     
life4 ,! words on ! pr9t$ page are n    
mean+less hi]oglyphics4 ,!y are !       
electric wires :i* connect ! s\l ( !    
au?or ) h] own1 & ?r\gh :i* ! curr5t is 
cont9ually pass+4 ,:5 %e reads ,dick5s1 

,t9y ,tim is nev] a m]e boy ) a crut*1 b
 he is ,t9y ,tim1 &1 z su*1 nei!r m5 nor
 angels c supplant him on ! pr9t$ page4 
,%e kn[s ! t\* ( him & ! voice ( him4   
,%e laughs ) him2 %e cries ) him2 %e    
prays ) him2 %e lives ) him4 ,9 h] tea*+
 %e causes ,t9y ,tim to /& =? l a cameo 
to h] pupils1 ) no rival & no pe]4 ,?is 
%e c d because he is a "p ( h] life4 ,%e
 has no occasion ei!r to pose or to     
rhapsodize4 ,s9c]ity is its own         
explanation & ju/ification4  ,p[] (     
und]/&+4--,:5 %e reads ,little ,boy     
,blue %e c he> ! sobb+ ( a he>tbrok5 "m 
& ?us1 vic>i\sly1 comes to "k !         
univ]sality ( dea? & sorr[4 ,b %e f9ds  
fai? & hope 9 ! poem1 also1 & s c see ! 
sunlight suffus+ ! cl\ds ( ! "m's grief4
 ,?us %e ent]s into ! feel+ ( mo!rhood &
 s %>es ! life ( all ! mo!rs ^: *ildr5  
are h] pupils4 ,9 e page %e reads %e    
crosses anew ! ?re%old ( life & ga9s a k
 ( its joys1 its sorr[s1 its triumphs1  
or its defeats4 ,9 %ort1 %e reads ) ! _s
 & n m]ely ) ! m9d1 & ?us cat*es !      

spiritual mean+ ( :at %e reads4 ,%e c   
feel z well z ?9k & s c emotionalize !  
pr9t$ page4 ,nature has end[$ h] ) a    
s5sory f\ndation t reacts to ! emotional
 situations t ! au?or produces4 ,?us %e 
und]/&s1 & t is ! prime desid]atum 9    
read+4 ,& because %e und]/&s1 %e c      
int]pret1 & cause h] pupils to und]/&4  
,?us !y receive ano!r end[m5t ( life4   
,books z expon5ts ( life4--,%e has "t = 
read+ z %e has "t = eat+ & dr9k+1 & = ! 
same reason4 ,to h] !y are all coo]d9ate
 elem5ts ( life4 ,%e eats1 & sleeps1 &  
reads because %e is alive2 & %e is m    
alive because %e eats1 & sleeps1 &      
reads4 ,%e taps ! s\rces ( spiritual    
refre%m5t1 )\t p>ade1 & rejoices 9 !    
consequ5t enri*m5t ( h] life4 ,%e does n
 smite ! rock1 b speaks to x1 & smiles  
^u x1 & ! wat]s gu% =?4 ,%e desc5ds into
 ,hades ) ,dante1 & asc5ds ,s9ai )      
,moses1 & is refre%$ & /r5g!n$ by h]    
j\rneys4 ,%e sits enrapt z ,%akespe>e   
turns ! kaleidoscope ( life = h]1 or /&s
 en?rall$ by ,victor ,hugo's picture ( !

 human s\l4 ,h] s5ti5t _s is ignit$ by !
 fires ( g5ius t gl[ betwe5 ! cov]s ( ! 
book1 & h] f9e en?usiasm c>ries ! div9e 
conflagration ov] into ! spirits ( h]   
pupils4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no drag or      
li/lessness 9 h] class 9 read+1 because1
 dur+ ?is ex]cise1 life is z buoyant &  
spontane\s z x is ^u ! playgr\nd4  ,!   
mean+ ( hi/ory4--,9 h] tea*+ ( hi/ory %e
 inve/s all ! *>act]s ) life1 because to
 h] !y are alive4 ,& because !y are     
alive to h] !y are alive to h] pupils4  
,!y are in/9ct ) p[]1 action1 life4 ,%e 
rehabilitates ! sc5es 9 :i* !y mov$1 &1 
!re=e1 !y mu/ be alive 9 ord] to p]=m _!
 p>ts4 ,!y are all fle% & blood p ) all 
! attributes ( p4 ,!y are all actuat$ by
 motives & move along _! appo9t$ ways   
ob$i5t to ! laws ( cause & effect4 ,!y  
are n nam$ 9 ! book to be le>n$ &       
recit$1 b to be kn[n4 ,%e causes h]     
pupils to "k !m z !y w\ld come to "k p 9
 h] home4 ,nor d !y ev] mi/ake "o = !   
o!r or confuse _! actions4 ,!y "k !m too
 well = t4 ,^! *>act]s are made to /&   

wide ap>t1 s t1 be+ ?us se51 !y w ev]   
aft] be kn[n4 ,hi/ory is n a directory (
 names1 b gr\ps ( p go+ ab\t _! tasks4  
,!y hung]1 & ?ir/1 & love1 & hate1 &    
/ruggle ) _! environm5t z _! desc5dants 
are do+ to-day4  ,language &            
vitality4--,:5 %e is tea*+ a language1 x
 is nev] less ?an a liv+ language4 ,9   
,lat9 ! syntax is le>n$ z a means1 nev] 
an end4 ,! big ?+s 9 ! /udy loom too    
l>ge = t4 ,! pupils become s eag] to see
 :at ,caes> w d next t !y _c af=d ! "t  
to />e long at a m]e ablative absolute4 
,!y are foll[+ ! p>ade1 & are n to be   
turn$ aside f _! l>ge purpose by m9or   
matt]s4 ,!y are made to see & he>       
,cic]o2 & ,rome becomes a reality1 ) its
 ,=um1 its ,s5ate1 & its ,mam]t9e4 ,:5  
,dido se>s ! s\l ( ! fai?less ,a,eneas )
 h] words ( scorn1 ! girls applaud & !  
boys tremble4 ,:5 ,troy burns1 !re is a 
real fire1 & ,a*ates is z real z ! man  
,friday4 ,:5 ! %ipwreck$ ,trojans regale
 !mselves ) v5ison1 x is no make-believe
 d9n]1 b a real "o4 ,:]e su* a tea*] is1

 !re c be no dead language1 no dry bones
 ( hi/ory1 & no /agnation 9 ! /ream (   
life4   ,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4  
,:at sugge/ions are (f]$ = !            
vitalization ( ma!matics8 hi/ory8 read+8
 language8  #b4 ,9 :at ways is          
vitalization ( subject matt] relat$ to  
its socialization8  #c4 ,h[ may         
motivation 9 tea*+ ! multiplication     
table be assi/$ by vitalization8  #d4   
,:at is to be includ$ 9 ! t]m read 9 !  
s5t5ce ,%e c tea* read+ because %e c    
read8  #e4 ,add to ! au?or's li/ (      
*ildr5 9 lit]ature :om ! vitaliz$ tea*] 
may introduce z companions to h] pupils4
  #f4 ,:y is ext5d$ read+ ess5tial to   
success 9 tea*+8  #g4 ,:at works (      
,dante h y read8 ( ,victor ,hugo8 (     
,%akespe>e8 ,h[ w ! read+ ( su* au?ors  
improve ! tea*+ ability ( elem5t>y      
tea*]s8  #h4 ,:at are ! di/+ui%+        
*>act]i/ics ( ! vitaliz$ tea*]8         
,,*apt] ,,iii  ,,! ,,*ild   ,! *ild z ! 
c5t] 9 s*ool proc$ure4--,! *ild is !    
c5t] ( s*ool proc$ure 9 all its _m      

ramifications4 ,= ! *ild ! build+ is    
erect$1 ! equipm5t is provid$1 ! c\rse (
 /udy is arrang$ & adm9i/]$1 & ! tea*]  
employ$4 ,! *ild is major1 & all else is
 subsidi>y4 ,9 ! g5]al s*eme ev5 ! tea*]
 takes second>y place4 ,tea*]s may come 
& g1 b ! *ild rema9s z ! focus ( all    
plans & purposes4 ,! tea*] is secur$ = !
 *ild1 & n ! *ild = ! tea*]4 ,taxpay]s1 
bo>ds ( education1 p>5ts1 & tea*]s are  
all active 9 ! int]e/s ( ! *ild2 & all  
s*ool legislation1 to be important1 mu/ 
h ! *ild z its prime objective4         
,colleges ( education & normal s*ools1 9
 l>ge numb]s1 are work+ at ! educational
 problem 9 an ef=t to develop m         
effective me?ods ( tra9+ ! tea*]s ( !   
*ild4 ,a ho/ ( au?ors & publi%]s are    
giv+ to ! int]e/ ( ! *ild ! products (  
_! skill4 ,9 e commonweal? may be f\nd a
 l>ge numb] ( m5 & wom5 ^: "t & en]gies 
are devot$ to ! "w ( ! s*ools = ! *ild4 
,all *ildr5 %\ld h s*ool                
privileges4--,all ^! facts are freely   
admitt$1 :]ev] att5tion is call$ to !m1 

b we /ill h truant (fic]s1 & *ild labor 
laws4 ,we admit ! facts1 b1 9 our       
practices1 /rive to circumv5t _!        
application4 ,if ! s*ool is good = "o   
*ild1 x is good = all *ildr54 ,inde$1 ! 
s*ool is ma9ta9$ on ! assumption t all  
*ildr5 w take advantage ( & pr(it by its
 pres5ce4 ,if !re 7 no s*ools1 our      
civilization w\ld surely decl9e4 ,if    
s*ool att5dance %\ld cease at ! end ( ! 
fif? ye>1 !n we w\ld h a fif?-ye>       
civilization4 ,x re/s1 !re=e1 ) ! p>5ts 
( ! *ildr51 9 l>ge measure1 :e!r we are 
to h an eigh?-grade civilization1 a     
high-s*ool civilization1 or a college   
civilization4  ,p>5tal                  
attitude4--,s*ools are adm9i/]$ on !    
assumption t e *ild is capable ( & wor?y
 ( tra9+1 & t tra9+ ! *ild w make = a   
bett] quality ( civilization4 ,! /ate   
reg>ds ! *ild z a liability dur+ 8      
*ildhood 9 ! hope t he may be an asset 9
 8 manhood4 ,9 ?is hope "t & money are  
devot$ to 8 tra9+4 ,b1 9 ! face ( all   
?is1 !re are p>5ts1 "h & !re1 :o /ill   

look ^u _! own *ildr5 z assets & w\ld   
use !m = _! own com=t or pr(it4 ,!y seem
 to ?9k t _! *ildr5 are indebt$ to !m = 
br++ !m into ! _w & t _! obligation to !
 *ildr5 is cancel$ by meag] provision ( 
food1 %elt]1 & clo?+4 ,!y seem n to     
realize t life is m ?an fruit or gra91 &
 d5y to _! *ildr5 ! elem5ts ( life4  ,! 
rights ( ! *ild4--,all ?is is a sort (  
preface to ! /atem5t t ! *ild comes into
 ! _w end[$ ) c]ta9 inh]5t rights t may 
n be abrogat$4 ,he has a "r to life 9   
its be/ & fulle/ s5se1 & no "o has a "r 
to abridge ?is measure ( life1 or to    
deprive him ( any?+ t w contribute to   
su* a life4 ,he goes to ! s*ool z "o ( !
 s\rces ( life1 & any "o :o d5ies him   
?is boon is do+ viol5ce to 8 "r to h    
life4 ,he does n g to s*ool to /udy     
ari?metic1 b /udies ari?metic z "o ( !  
elem5ts ( life2 & exp]i5ce has          
demon/rat$ t ari?metic may be le>n$ 9 ! 
s*ool m advantage\sly ?an else:]e4 ,he  
goes to s*ool to h agreeable & pr(itable
 life4 ,ea* day is an integ] ( life &   

mu/ be made to ab\nd 9 life if x is to  
be acc\nt$ a success4  ,*ild            
life4--,aga91 ! *ild has a "r to !      
quality ( life t is consi/5t ) &        
cong5ial to 8 age4 ,a sev5-ye>-old %\ld 
be a sev5-ye>-old1 9 8 ?9k+1 9 8        
activities1 9 8 amusem5ts1 & 9 8 feel+4 
,we %\ld nev] ask or want him to put    
away *ildi% ?+s at ?is age1 = ^! *ildi% 
?+s are a pro( ( 8 normality & good     
heal?4 ,8 buoyant life & good heal? may 
prove disa/r\s to ! furniture 9 8 home1 
b f> bett] m>r$ furniture ?an m>r$      
*ildhood4 ,if1 at ?is age1 he %\ld      
become z quiet & s$ate z 8 fa!r1 8 p>5ts
 & tea*] w\ld h cause = al>m4 ,x is !   
high privilege ( ! p>5t & ! tea*] to    
direct 8 activities1 b n to abridge or  
int]dict !m4 ,if ! tea*] w\ld r$uce him 
to inaction & sil5ce1 %e may well       
reflect t if he 7 an imbecile he w\ld be
 quiet4 ,he w n pass ?is way aga92 & if 
he is ev] to h ! sort ( life t is 9     
h>mony ) 8 age1 he mu/ h x n[4          
,*ildhood curtail$4--,he has a "r1 also1

 to ! full measure ( *ildhood4 ,?is     
p]iod is relatively %ort1 & any         
curtailm5t does viol5ce to 8            
physiological & psy*ological nature4    
,all ! ye>s ( 8 *ildhood are necess>y = 
a prop] balanc+ ( 8 physical & m5tal    
p[]s1 t !y may d _! appo9t$ "w 9 aft]   
ye>s4 ,entire volumes h be5 devot$ to   
?is subject1 b1 9 spite ( ^! volumes1 "s
 mo!rs /ill try to hurry _! daught]s    
into ! duties & responsibilities ( adult
 life4 ,"o su* "m w5t to ! high s*ool to
 get ! books ( h] fifte5-ye>-old daught]
 &1 ^u be+ ask$ :y ! daught] 0 leav+    
s*ool1 repli$1 ,oh1 %e's keep+ company  
n[4 ,t daught] w nev] be ! h>dy plant 9 
civilization t %e ought to be1 because  
%e 0 re>$ 9 a ho?\se atmosph]e4 ,t "m _h
 no "r to cripple ! life ( h] *ild by   
?w>t+ nature's decrees4  ,detrim5tal    
effects4--,! pity ( x all is t ! *ild is
 at ! m]cy ( ! p>5t1 or ( ! tea*]1 z !  
case may be4 ,we become s eag] to h old 
heads on "y %\ld]s t we begrudge ! *ild 
! ye>s t are necess>y = ! %\ld]s to     

atta9 t maturity ( /r5g? t is ne$ful =  
support+ ! old heads4 ,!n ensues a lack 
( balance1 &1 7 all *ildr5 ?us d5i$ _!  
"r to ! full p]iod ( y\?1 we %\ld h a   
di/ort$ civilization4 ,dick5s inveighs  
aga9/ ?is curtailm5t ( y\? prodigi\sly1 
& ! m>vel is t we h fail$ to le>n !     
lesson f 8 pages4 ,we ne$ n h rec\rse to
 ,victor ,hugo to "k ! life ( little    
,cosette1 = we c see h] prototype by    
m]ely look+ ab\t u4  ,! *ild's "r to !  
be/4--,z ! *ild has a "r to life 9 its  
fullness1 s he has a "r to all ! ag5cies
 t c promote ?is type ( life4 ,if he    
meets ) an accid5t he has a "r to ! be/ 
surgical skill t c be secur$1 & ?is "r  
we readily conc$e2 & equally he has a "r
 to ! be/ tea*] t money w secure4 ,if he
 has a tea*] t is less ?an ! be/1 ! "t  
?us lo/ c nev] be re/or$ to him4 ,a lady
 :o _h an unskillful tea*] 9 h] fir/ ye>
 9 ! high s*ool n[ av]s t he maim$ h] = 
life 9 t p>ticul> /udy4 ,life is su* a  
delicate affair t x dem&s exp]t h&l+4   
,if we hope to h ! *ild atta9 8 "r to be

 an intellig5t cooep]at+ ag5t 9 promot+ 
life 9 society1 !n no price is too great
 to pay = ! exp]t tea*+ :i* w nurture ! 
sort ( life 9 him t w make him          
effective4  ,! *ild's native            
t5d5cies4--,!n1 aga91 ! *ild has a "r to
 ! ex]cise ( ! native t5d5cies ) :i* he 
is end[$4 ,9 fact1 ^! t5d5cies %\ld be !
 work+ capital ( ! tea*]1 ! />t+ po9ts 9
 h] tea*+4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! tea*] puni%$
 ! *ild :o 0 caught draw+ pictures on 8 
slate4 ,happily t sort ( b>b>ity        
disappe>$1 9 ! ma91 along ) ! slate4 ,! 
vitaliz$ tea*] rejoices 9 ! pictures t !
 *ild draws & turns ?is t5d5cy to good  
acc\nt4 ,?r\gh ?is incl9ation to draw %e
 f9ds ! real *ild & s1 z ! psy*ologi/s  
direct1 %e beg9s :]e ! *ild is & sets   
ab\t atta*+ to ?is native t5d5cy ! "w 9 
nature /udy1 geography1 or hi/ory4 ,:5  
%e discov]s a con/ructive t5d5cy 9 !    
*ild1 %e at once uses ?is 9 %ift+ f     
analytic to syn!tic ex]cises 9 ! s*ool  
ord]4 ,if he enjoys mak+ ?+s1 he w be   
glad ( an opportunity to make devices1  

or problems1 or maps4  ,! play          
in/9ct4--,%e makes l>ge use1 also1 ( !  
play in/9ct t is "o ( 8 native t5d5cies4
 ,?is in/9ct is con/antly rea*+ out =   
objects ( play4 ,! tea*] is quick to    
note ! *ild's que/ = objects & deftly   
sub/itutes "s phase ( s*ool "w = m>bles1
 balls1 or dolls1 & 8 play+ proce$s     
apace )\t abatem5t ( ze/4 ,! vitaliz$   
tea*] kn[s h[ to atta* ! ari?metic to   
?is play in/9ct & make x a fasc9at+     
game4 ,dur+ ! games ( ari?metic1        
geography1 hi/ory1 or spell+1 life is at
 high tide 9 h] s*ool & ! "w is ?or\gh 9
 consequ5ce4 ,"w is reliev$ ( ! onus (  
drudg]y :5ev] x appe>s 9 ! guise ( a    
game1 & ! tea*] :o has skill 9 atta*+   
s*ool /udies to ! play in/9ct ( ! *ild w
 make h] s*ool effective z well z a     
delight to h]self & h] pupils4 ,9 su* a 
plan !re is nei!r place nor occasion =  
co]cion4  ,self-expression4--,ano!r "r (
 ! *ild is ! "r to express himself4 ,!  
desire = self-expression is fundam5tal 9
 ! human m9d1 z ! /udy ( ar*aeology     

abundantly proves4 ,s9ce ?is is true1 e 
s*ool %\ld be a s*ool ( expression if ! 
nature ( ! *ild is to h full            
recognition4 ,)\t expression !re is no  
impression1 & )\t impression !re is no  
education t has real value4 ,! m & bett]
 expression 9 ! s*ool1 !re=e1 ! m &     
bett] ! education 9 t s*ool4 ,9 !       
vitaliz$ s*ool we %all f9d fre$om (     
expression1 & ! abs5ce ( unreason+      
repression4 ,! *ild expresses himself by
 means ( 8 h&s1 8 feet1 8 face1 8 entire
 body1 & 8 organs ( spee*1 & 8          
expression ?r\gh ei!r ( ^! means gives !
 tea*] a k ( :at to d4 ,^! expressions  
may n be :at ! tea*] w\ld wi%1 b !      
expression necess>ily prec$es intellig5t
 tea*+4  ,imag9ation4--,^! expressions  
may reveal a vivid imag9ation1 b !y are 
no less valuable z indices ( ! *ild's   
nature on t acc\nt4 ,x is ! v ref9em5t (
 cruelty to try to int]dict or /ifle !  
*ild's imag9ation4 ,b = ! imag9ation ( p
 9 ! pa/ we %\ld n h ! ri* treasures (  
my?ology t s delight u all4 ,e *ild )   

imag9ation is con/ruct+ a my?ology ( 8  
own1 & f ! gossam] ?reads ( fancy is    
weav+ a patt]n ( life t no p>5t or tea*]
 %\ld ev] wi% to =bid or de/roy4 ,day by
 day1 he sees visions & dreams dreams1 &
 s builds = himself a _w 9 :i* he f9ds  
delight & pr(it4 ,9 ?is _w he is k+1 &  
only pr(ane h&s w\ld d>e attempt to     
de?rone him4  ,! *ild's exp]i5ces4--,8  
exp]i5ces1 :e!r 9 ! real _w1 or 9 ?is _w
 ( fancy1 are 8 capital 9 ! bank ( life2
 & he has e "r to inve/ ?is capital s z 
to a*ieve fur!r increm5ts ( life4 ,9 ?is
 ent]prise1 ! tea*] is 8 c\nselor &     
guide1 &1 9 ord] t %e may ex]cise ?is   
function sympa!tically & rationally1 %e 
mu/ "k ! nature & ext5t ( 8 capital4 ,if
 he kn[s a bird1 he may inve/ ?is k s z 
to ga9 a k ( _m birds1 & s1 9 "t1       
compass ! entire realm ( orni?ology4 ,if
 he kn[s a fl[]1 f ?is kn[n he may be s 
direct$ t he may become a ma/] 9 !      
unkn[n field ( botany4 ,if he kn[s coal1
 ?is exp]i5ce may be made ! op5 sesame  
to ! realms ( geology4 ,9 %ort1 all 8   

exp]i5ces may be capitaliz$ "u !        
direction ( a skillful tea*]1 & made to 
produce l>ge divid5ds z an inve/m5t 9   
life4  ,relation to s*ool "w4--,?us !   
s*ool becomes1 = ! *ild1 a place ( & =  
real life1 & n a place deta*$ f life4   
,!re he lives effectively1 & joy\sly1   
because ! tea*] kn[s h[ to utilize 8    
exp]i5ces & native dispositions = !     
enl>gem5t ( 8 life4 ,he has no          
incl9ation to become a des]t] or a      
t5ant1 = life is agreeable !re1 & !     
s*ool is made 8 *ief int]e/4 ,8 "w is n 
dol$ out to him 9 ! =m ( tasks1 b is    
graci\sly pres5t$ z a privilege1 & z su*
 he e/eems x4 ,!re he le>ns to live     
among p ( diff]+ ta/es & int]e/s )\t    
abdicat+ 8 own individuality4 ,!re he   
le>ns t life is "w & t "w is ! v        
qu9tess5ce ( life4   ,,que/ions ,,&     
,,ex]cises  #a4 ,h[ %\ld divid5ds on    
s*ool inve/m5ts be e/imat$8  #b4 ,:at   
are ! inh]5t rights ( *ildhood8  #c4    
,:at use may be made ( play 9 !         
education ( *ildr58  #d4 ,expla9 :y     

adults are (t5 unwill+ to cooep]ate     
?r\gh lack ( opportunity to play 9      
*ildhood4  #e4 ,illu/rate f y\r own k & 
exp]i5ce h[ ! ex]cise ( native t5d5cies 
may be ! means ( education4  #f4 ,:at   
modes ( self-expression %\ld be us$ by  
pupils ( elem5t>y s*ools8 ( high s*ools8
  #g4 ,:at may ! vitaliz$ tea*] d to    
assi/ 9 ! developm5t ( self-expression8 
,:at %\ld %e refra9 f do+8  #h4 ,sugge/ 
me?ods :]eby ! tea*] may discov] !      
cont5t ( ! *ild's _w4  #i4 ,h[ may !    
*ild's exp]i5ce1 imag9ation1 &          
expression be int]relat$8  #aj4 ,:y is !
 tw5tie? c5tury call$ ! age ( ! *ild8   
,,*apt] ,,iv  ,,! ,,*ild ,,( ,,!        
,,future   ,rights ( ! com+             
g5]ations4--,any s*ool proc$ure t limits
 its int]e/s & activities to ! pres5t   
g5]ation takes a too re/rict$ view ( !  
real scope ( education4 ,! *ildr5 ( !   
next g5]ation1 & ! next1 are entitl$ to 
consid]ation if education is to d its   
p]fect "w & h complete & conv9c+        
ju/ification4 ,! *ild ( ! future has a  

"r to gr&fa!rs & gr&mo!rs ( s\nd body & 
s\nd m9d1 & ! s*ools & homes ( ! pres5t 
are *>g$ ) ! responsibility ( see+ to x 
t ?is "r is v\*saf$ to him4 ,9 actual   
practice our plans seem n to previse    
gr&fa!rs & gr&mo!rs1 & /op %ort ev5 (   
fa!rs & mo!rs4 ,! *ild ( ! next g5]ation
 has a "r to a fa!r & a "m ( unta9t$    
blood1 & nei!r ! home nor ! s*ool c     
ignore ?is "r4  ,transmitt$             
weaknesses4--,if ^! rights are n        
scrupul\sly respect$ by ! pres5t        
g5]ation1 ! *ild ( ! future may come    
into ! _w "u a h&icap t all !           
educational ag5cies comb9$ c nei!r      
remove nor mat]ially mitigate4 ,if he is
 crippl$ 9 m9d or 9 body because (      
excesses on ! "p ( 8 prog5itors1 !      
s*ools & hospitals may help him ?r\gh   
life 9 a sorry sort ( fa%ion1 b 8       
condition is ev]more a rem9d] to him (  
h[ mu* he has miss$ 9 comp>ison ) ! *ild
 ( s\nd body & m9d4 ,if su* a *ild does 
n imprecate ev5 ! memory ( ! ance/ors ^:
 vitiat$ blood c\rses ?r\gh 8 /rick5    

body1 x w be because 8 m9d is too weak  
to reason f effect to cause or because 8
 affliction has taught him l>ge *>ity4  
,he w feel t he has be5 %amefully *eat$ 
9 ! great game ( life1 ) no hope (      
re/itution4 ,by reason ( ?is1 8 gaze is 
turn$ backw>d in/ead ( =w>d1 & ?is is a 
rev]sal ( ! rightful attitude ( *ild    
life4 ,in/ead ( look+ =w>d ) hope &     
happ9ess1 he droops ?r\gh a somb] life &
 con/antly broods ^u :at might h be54   
,attitude ( ance/ors4--,:e!r he realizes
 x or n1 he r$uces ! av]age ( humanity &
 is a burd5 ^u society bo? 9 a negative 
& 9 a positive s5se4 ,9 him society     
loses a work] & ga9s a dep5d5t4 ,e      
taxpay] ( ! community mu/ contribute to 
! support :i* he is unable to provide = 
himself4 ,he wat*es o!r *ildr5 romp &   
play & laugh2 b he nei!r romps1 nor     
plays1 nor laughs4 ,he is in]t4 ,"s     
ance/or *a9$ him to ! rock1 & ! vultures
 ( disease & unhapp9ess are fe$+ at 8   
vitals4 ,he asks = bread1 & !y give him 
a /one2 he asks = life1 & !y give him a 

liv+ dea?2 he asks = a heav5 ( delight1 
& !y give him a hell ( despair4 ,he has 
a "r to fre$om1 b1 9 place ( t1 he is   
=c$ into slav]y ( body & s\l to pay !   
debts ( 8 gr&fa!r4 ,nor c he pay ^!     
debts 9 full1 b mu/1 p]=ce1 pass !m on  
to 8 own *ildr54 ,sad to relate1 ! fa!r 
& gr&fa!r look ^u su* a *ild & *>ge     
,provid5ce ) unju/ deal+ 9 burd5+ !m )  
su* an imp]fect scion to uphold ! family
 "n4 ,!y seem bl9d to ! pat5t tru? be=e 
!m2 !y seem unable to int]pret ! law (  
cause & effect2 !y *>ge ! ,almighty & ! 
*ild ) _! own defections2 !y acquit     
!mselves ( any responsibility = :at is  
be=e _! eyes4  ,hospitals cit$4--,our   
hospitals = abnormal & subnormal *ildr51
 & our eleemosyn>y in/itutions1 9 g5]al1
 are a sad comm5t>y ^u our civilization 
& some?+ ( a reflection ^u ! s*ool z an 
expon5t ( & a tea*] ( life4 ,if ! w>ds (
 ^! in/itutions1 b>r+ ! victims (       
accid5ts1 are ! be/ we c d 9 ! way (    
com+ ^u a solution ( ! problem ( life1  
nei!r society nor ! s*ool has any       

special w>rant = exultation4 ,^!        
defectives did n j happ54 ,! law ( life 
is nei!r =tuit\s nor caprici\s4 ,on !   
contr>y1 l begets l1 & ! law is         
immutable4 ,) lavi% h&1 society provides
 ! p\nd ( cure b gives only sup]ficial  
consid]ation to ! ounce ( prev5tion4 ,! 
title ( education w be cl\dy until su*  
"t z ^! in/itutions h become a ?+ ( !   
pa/4 ,bo? pulpit & press extol ! ef=ts (
 society to build1 equip1 & ma9ta9 ^!   
in/itutions1 & t is well2 b1 ) all t1 we
 are m]ely try+ to make ! be/ ( a bad   
situation4 ,education w n fully come    
into its own until x takes into ! scope 
( its int]e/s ! *ild ( ! future z well z
 ! *ild ( ! pres5t2 n until x comes to  
reg>d ! *ildr5 ( ! pres5t z future      
ance/ors z well z future citiz5s4  ,!   
*ild z a future ance/or4--,if ! *ildr5 (
 ! future are to prove a bless+ to      
society & n a burd51 !n ! *ildr5 ( !    
pres5t ne$ to become fully consci\s ( _!
 responsibilities z ag5cies 9 br++ to   
pass ?is desirable condition4 ,if !     

tea*] or p>5t c1 someh[1 cause ! boy (  
to-day to visualize 8 own gr&son1 9 !   
ye>s to come1 po9t+ ! f+] ( scorn at him
 & call+ d[n mal$ictions ^u him because 
( a ta9t 9 ! family blood1 t picture w  
p]si/ 9 8 consci\sness1 & w prove a     
det]r5t factor 9 8 life4 ,! desire =    
immortality is innate 9 e human brea/1  
we are taught1 b c]ta9ly no boy w wi% to
 a*ieve t sort ( immortality4 ,he w n   
consid] ) complac5cy ! possibility ( 8  
becom+ a p>iah 9 ! e/imation ( 8        
desc5dants1 & w g f> 9 an ef=t to av]t  
su* a mis=tune4 ,!re is no man b w %udd]
 :5 he contemplates ! possibility ( hav+
 p]petuat$ ^u 8 grave/one or 9 ! memory 
( 8 gr&*ild ! ^w ,unclean4  ,! he>t ( ! 
problem4--,"h we arrive at ! v he>t ( ! 
problem t confronts ! home & ! s*ool4   
,we may close our eyes1 or look ano!r   
way1 b ! problem rema9s4 ,we may n be   
able to solve x1 b we _c evade x4 ,ea*  
day x calls l\dly to e p>5t & e tea*] = 
a solution4 ,! heal? & happ9ess ( ! com+
 g5]ations dep5d ^u ! "r education ( !  

pres5t "o1 & ?is responsibility ! home &
 ! s*ool c nei!r %irk nor %ift4 ,we take
 great unction to ourselves = !         
excell5ce ( ! horses1 pigs1 & cattle t  
we h on exhibition at ! fairs1 b are    
sil5t z to our failures 9 ! =m ( *ildr51
 t drag out a half-life 9 our hospitals4
 ,9 "o /ate x co/s m to c>e = !         
defectives & un=tunates ?an to provide  
s*ool+ facilities = all ! normal *ildr51
 b ?is fact is n writt5 into p>ty       
plat=ms nor proclaim$ f ! /ump4 ,9 !    
face ( su* a fact society seems to      
proce$ ^u ! agreeable assumption t !    
less said ! bett]4                      
,misconceptions4--,we temporize ) !     
fundam5tal situation by ! use ( su*     
soporifics z ! expressions necess>y evil
 & ! l1 b t leaves u exactly at ! />t+  
po9t4 ,_m well-mean+ p use ^!           
expressions ) great frequ5cy & fre$om & 
seem to ?9k t 9 s do+ !y h giv5 a pro( (
 virtue & public _s4 ,x 7 wor?y only (  
an iconocla/ to deprecate or disp>age ! 
legislative attempts to fo/] clean liv+4

 ,all su* ef=ts are wor?y ( comm5dation2
 b 9 sadness x mu/ be confess$ t1       
laudable z ^! ef=ts are1 !y h n produc$ 
results t are :olly satisfactory4       
,defectives are /ill grant$ lic5ses to  
p]petuate _! k9d2 *ildr5 /ill en]vate _!
 bodies & m9ds by ! use ( n>cotics2 &   
society da9tily lifts its skirts z x    
hurries pa/ ! evil1 pret5d+ n to see4   
,legislation is an attempt to express   
public s5tim5t 9 /atutory =m2 b public  
s5tim5t mu/ prec$e legislation if x is  
to become effective4 ,ef=ts h be5 made  
?r\gh ! process ( legislation to d5y !  
grant+ ( m>riage lic5ses to p :o are    
physically uns\nd1 b ! ef=ts came to    
naught because public s5tim5t has n     
atta9$ to ?is plane ( ?9k+4 ,h5ce1 we   
%all n h mu* help f legislation 9 solv+ 
our problem1 until public s5tim5t has   
be5 educat$4  ,! responsibility ( !     
s*ool4--,?is education mu/ come1 9 l>ge 
"p1 ?r\gh ! s*ools1 b ev5 ^! w fail     
until !y come into a full realization ( 
! fact t _! field ( ef=t is life 9 !    

l>ge4 ,"t 0 :5 ! tea*] ?\ght %e 0       
employ$ to tea* geography1 gramm>1 &    
ari?metic4 ,!n %e enl>g$ ?is to include 
boys & girls4 ,& n[ %e ne$s to make     
ano!r addition & realize t h] function  
is to tea* boys & girls ! subject (     
,life1 us+ ! bran*es ( /udy z a means to
 ?is end4 ,9 a report on ! "w ( ! s*ools
 at ,g>y1 ,indiana1 ! /atem5t is made t 
! fir/ purpose ( ^! s*ools seems to be  
to produce effici5t work]s = ! mills4   
,?is seems to savor ( ! doctr9e (       
educational =eord9ation1 & w\ld make    
millwork & life synonym\s4 ,life is l>g]
 ?an any mill4 ,we may be ju/ifi$ 9     
educat+ "o horse = ! pl[ & ano!r = !    
race track1 b ?is ju/ification re/s ^u !
 fact t horses are assets & n           
liabilities4  ,clean liv+4--,clean liv+ 
9 ?is g5]ation w1 und5iably1 project    
itself into ! next1 & we h only to see  
to x t all ! activities ( ! s*ool       
function 9 clean liv+ 9 ! *ild ( to-day1
 & we %all surely be safegu>d+ ! int]e/s
 ( ! *ild ( ! future4 ,b clean liv+     

means m ?an m]e ext]nals4 ,! daily ba?1 
pure food1 fre% air1 & sanit>y          
conditions are ess5tial b n suffici5t 9 
!mselves4 ,clean ?9k+1 "r motives1 & a  
high respect = ! rights & int]e/s ( !   
future mu/ ent] into ! s*eme ( life4    
,!re mu/ be no devi\s ways1 no back     
alleys1 9 ! s*eme1 b only ! broad       
highway ( life1 op5 always to ! sunlight
 & to ! gaze ( all mank9d4 ,all ?is mu/ 
become ?or\ghly enme%$ 9 ! social       
consci\sness & 9 ! daily practice ( e   
individual1 be=e ! s*ool c lay claim to 
success 9 ! art ( tea*+ effici5t liv+4  
,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4          
,inve/igate ! foll[+ ag5cies z means =  
provid+ future g5]ations ) ance/ors (   
unta9t$ blood3 legislation2 moral       
education2 physical education2 sex      
hygi5e & eug5ics2 p5al in/itutions2     
m$ical sci5ce4  #b4 ,enum]ate "s ( !    
physical & m5tal h&icaps ( ! *ild :o is 
n well born4  #c4 ,:at p[]ful appeal =  
clean liv+ may be made to ! adolesc5t   
y\?8  #d4 ,z a concrete example ( *ildr5

 be+ puni%$ = ! s9s ( _! fa!rs ev5 unto 
! ?ird & f\r? g5]ation1 read ! hi/ory ( 
! ,juke family4  #e4 ,to :at ext5t does 
! s*ool %>e ! responsibility = !        
improvem5t ( ! physical & moral quality 
( ! *ildr5 ( ! future8  #f4 ,:at k9d (  
tea*+ is ne$$ to meet ?is               
responsibility8  #g4 ,reliable          
au?orities h e/imat$ t #fj p] c5t or    
#ab1jjj1jjj ( ! s*ool *ildr5 ( ,am]ica  
are suff]+ f removable physical defects2
 t #ic p] c5t ( ! s*ool *ildr5 ( !      
c\ntry h defective tee?2 & t on ! av]age
 ! heal? ( *ildr5 :o are n 9 att5dance  
at s*ool is bett] ?an t ( ^? :o are 9   
s*ool4 ,9 ! light ( ^! facts discuss !  
failure or success ( our s*ools 9       
provid+ fit mat]ial = effici5t          
citiz5%ip4     ,,*apt] ,v  ,,!          
,,tea*]-,,politician   ,! politician    
def9$4--,! politician has be5 def9$ z "o
 :o makes a c>eful /udy ( ! wants ( 8   
community & is dilig5t 9 8 ef=ts to     
supply ^! wants4 ,?is def9ition has1 at 
! v lea/1 ! m]it ( mitigat+1 if n       

remov+1 ! /igma t atta*es to politicians
 9 ! popul> ?\ght4 ,conc$+ ! correctness
 ( ?is def9ition1 x mu/ be evid5t t     
society is ! b5efici>y ( ! "w ( !       
politician1 & w\ld be ! ga9] if ! numb] 
( politicians 7 multipli$4 ,! motive (  
self-int]e/ lies back ( all human       
activities1 & education is con/antly    
/riv+ to /imulate & acc5tuate ?is       
motive4 ,ev5 9 altruism we may f9d an   
admixture ( self-int]e/4 ,! m]*ant :o   
arranges 8 goods arti/ically may hope by
 ?is means to w9 m patronage1 b1 aside f
 ?is1 he w9s a feel+ ( gratification4 ,8
 self-int]e/ may look ei!r t[>d a great]
 volume ( bus9ess or to a bett] class ( 
patrons1 or bo?4 ,:ile he is enl>g+ !   
scope ( 8 bus9ess1 he may be elevat+ !  
ta/e ( 8 cu/om]s4 ,9 ei!r case 8        
self-int]e/ is comm5dable4 ,a successful
 m]*ant is bett] = ! community ?an an   
unsuccessful "o4  ,self-int]e/4--,!     
physician is actuat$ by ! motive (      
self-int]e/1 also4 ,8 ye>s ( tra9+ are b
 a prep>ation = ! competition t is c]ta9

 to fall to 8 lot4 ,he is gratifi$ at ! 
increase ( 8 popul>ity z a successful   
practition]4 ,b he prescribes modes (   
liv+ z well z rem$ies1 & s tries to     
=e/all & prev5t disease1 :ile he is     
ex]cis+ 8 curative skill4 ,he tries n   
only to re/ore heal?1 b also to promote 
good heal? 9 ! community by 8           
recomm5dations ( pure food1 pure wat]1  
fre% air1 & ex]cise4 ,8 motives are     
altrui/ic ev5 :ile he is consult+       
self-int]e/4 ,none b ! c5sori\s w       
criticize ! m9i/] = accept+ a l>g] p>i% 
ev5 ) a l>g] sal>y atta*$4 ,! l>g] p>i% 
w af=d him a wid] field = usefulness1 & 
! l>g] sal>y w enable him to execute m (
 8 laudable plans4  ,! me?ods ( !       
politician4--,h5ce x w be se5 t1 9 ! "r 
s5se1 m]*ants1 physicians1 & m9i/]s are 
all politicians 9 t !y seek to exp& !   
sph]e ( _! activities4 ,l ! politician  
!y /udy ! wants ( ! p 9 ord] to w9 a    
/>t+ po9t = lead]%ip4 ,true1 !re are    
quacks1 *>latans1 hypocrites1 &         
demagogues1 b none ( ^!1 nor all comb9$1

 avail to disprove ! validity ( !       
pr9ciple4 ,x has (t5 be5 said t ! *ur*es
 w\ld d well to /udy & use ! art (      
adv]tis+ t is s well und]/ood by !      
saloons4 ,?is is ano!r way ( say+ t !   
me?ods ( ! politician w avail 9 promot+ 
"r activities z well z wrong ones4 ,!   
politician1 :e!r he is a bus9ess man or 
a pr(essional man1 proce$s f ! kn[n to !
 relat$ unkn[n1 & ?us %[s himself a     
consci\s or unconsci\s /ud5t (          
psy*ology4 ,he /udies t :i* is 9 ord] to
 promote t :i* %\ld be4  ,lead]%ip4--,! 
politician aspires to lead]%ip1 & t is  
praisewor?y1 provid$ 8 cause is a wor?y 
"o4 ,if ! cause is unwor?y1 ! clov5 foot
 w soon appe> & repudiation w ensue1 :i*
 w m>k him unsuccessful z a politician4 
,he may be actuat$ by ! motive (        
self-int]e/1 9 common ) all o!rs1 b ?is 
int]e/ may focus 9 ! amelioration (     
conditions z !y are or 9 ! advancem5t ( 
8 fri5ds4 ,! satisfaction ( lead]%ip is 
! sole rew>d ( _m a politician1 ) ! add$
 pleasure ( see+ 8 fri5ds pr(it by ?is  

lead]%ip4 ,a /atesman is a politician   
gr[n l>ge--l>ge 9 respect to motives1 to
 plans & purposes1 & to me?ods4 ,!      
fundam5tal pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 rema9s      
con/ant4  ,! politician wor?y (         
imitation4--,! successful politician mu/
 "k p & _! wants4 ,he mu/ "k conditions 
9 ord] to direct ! c\rse ( 8 activities4
 ,o!rwise1 he w f9d himself mov+ at     
r&om1 & ?is may prove disa/r\s to 8     
purposes4 ,mu* misdirect$ ef=t has be5  
exp5d$ 9 disp>ag+ ! politician & 8      
me?ods4 ,if ! man & 8 me?ods 7 bett]    
und]/ood1 !y w\ld (t5 be f\nd wor?y (   
close imitation 9 ! home1 9 ! s*ool1 9 !
 *ur*1 9 ! pr(essions1 & 9 bus9ess4     
,education & sub/itution4--,education1 9
 ! l>ge1 is ! process ( mak+            
sub/itutions4 ,ev]more1 9 s*ool "w1 we  
are /riv+ to sub/itute some?+ bett] =   
some?+ n s good4 ,9 brief1 we are /riv+ 
to sub/itute ne$s = wants4 ,b be=e we c 
d ?is we mu/ det]m9e1 by c>eful /udy &  
close obs]vation1 :at ! wants are4      
,ability to sub/itute ne$s = wants      

betok5s a high type ( lead]%ip4 ,! boy  
wants to read ,h5ty1 b ne$s to read     
,dick5s or ,%akespe>e4 ,h[ %all ! tea*] 
proce$ 9 ord] to make ! sub/itution8    
,c]ta9ly x _c be done by any m]e fiat or
 ukase4 ,^? :o are incr$ul\s z to !     
wisdom ( e/abli%+ colleges ( education &
 normal s*ools to g5]ate & promote      
me?ods ( tea*+ h "h a concrete & p]t95t 
"q3 ,c a college ( education or normal  
s*ool give to an embryo tea*] any me?od 
by :i* %e may effectively sub/itute     
,%akespe>e = ,h5ty8  ,me?ods            
contra/$4--,"s tea*]s h attempt$ to make
 ?is sub/itution by means ( ridicule &  
s>casm & !n call$ ! boy /upid because he
 cont9u$ to read 8 ,h5ty4 ,o!rs h       
indulg$ 9 rhapsodies on ,%akespe>e1 hop+
 to inoculate ! boy ) ! ,%akespe>ean    
virus1 & !n call$ ! boy /olid because he
 fail$ to %>e _! app>5t rapture4 ,!     
politician w\ld h pursu$ nei!r ( ^!     
plans4 ,8 inh]5t or acquir$ psy*ology   
w\ld h admoni%$ him to beg9 :]e ! boy   
is4 ,he w\ld h gone to ,h5ty to f9d !   

boy4 ,hav+ f\nd him1 he w\ld h sat d[n  
beside him & ent]$ into 8 int]e/ 9 !    
book4 ,9 "t he w\ld h f\nd some?+ 9 !   
book to rem9d him ( a passage 9         
,%akespe>e4 ,?is passage he w\ld h read 
9 8 be/ /yle & !n resum$ ! read+ (      
,h5ty4 ,?us1 by degrees1 he w\ld h      
effect$ ! sub/itution1 p]mitt+ ! boy to 
?9k t ?is _h be5 done on 8 own          
initiative4  ,! pr9ciple illu/rat$4--,! 
vitaliz$ tea*] obs]ves1 pr(its by1 &    
initiates into h] "w ! me?od ( !        
politician & s makes h] s*ool "w vital4 
,beg9n+ ) :at ! boy wants1 %e lures him 
along1 by easy /ages1 until %e has      
br\ght him )9 ! circle ( h] own wants1  
:i* are1 9 reality1 ! ne$s ( ! boy4 ,!  
boy walks along 9 paces1 let u say1 (   
eighte5 in*es4 ,! tea*] mod]ates h] gait
 to h>monize ) 81 b gradually l5g!ns h] 
paces to two feet4 ,at fir/1 %e kept /ep
 ) him2 n[ he is keep+ /ep ) h] & f9ds !
 ent]prise an exhil>at+ adv5ture4 ,%e is
 tea*+ ! boy to walk 9 /rides two feet 9
 l5g?1 & beg9s ) 8 native t5d5cy to /ep 

eighte5 in*es4 ,?us %e beg9s :]e ! boy  
is1 by acqua9t+ h]self ) 8 wants1       
atta*es h] tea*+ to 8 native t5d5cies1 &
 !n proce$s f ! kn[n to ! relat$ unkn[n4
 ,libr>ies ab\nd 9 books t expla9       
lucidly ?is simple elem5t>y pr9ciple (  
tea*+1 b _m tea*]s /ill seem to f9d x   
difficult ( application4  ,sub/itution  
illu/rat$4--,?is me?od ( sub/itution    
becomes ! rule ( ! s*ool ?r\gh ! skill (
 ! vitaliz$ tea*]4 ,! lily ( ! valley is
 sub/itut$ = ! sunfl[]1 9 ! *ildr5's    
e/eem1 & !re is g5]at$ a ta/e = !       
exquisite4 ,! copy ( ! ma/]piece ( art  
supplants ! biz>re *romo2 correct =ms ( 
spee* take ! place ( incorrect =ms2 !   
elegant usurps ! place ( ! inelegant2 & 
! in>ti/ic gives place to ! arti/ic4 ,! 
circle ( _! wants is ext5d$ until x     
includes _! ne$s1 & ^!1 9 turn1 are     
trans=m$ into wants4 ,?us all ! pupils  
asc5d to a high] level ( appreciation ( 
! ?+s t make = a m com=table & agreeable
 civilization4 ,!y "w "u ! spell (      
lead]%ip1 = real lead]%ip always        

inspires confid5ce4  ,society & !       
s*ool4--,at its be/1 society is b an    
enl>g$ copy ( ! vitaliz$ s*ool4 ,or1 to 
put x 9 ano!r way1 ! vitaliz$ s*ool is  
society 9 m9iature4 ,z ! s*ool is engag$
 9 ! "w ( mak+ sub/itutions1 s1 9 fact1 
is society4 ,legislative bodies are     
/riv+ to sub/itute wise laws = ! laws t 
h fall5 beh9d ! ne$s ( ! times1 t !     
int]e/s ( society may be fully cons]v$4 
,! *ur* is sub/itut+ bett] me?ods ( "w 9
 all its activities = ! me?ods t h      
become antiquat$ or ineffective4 ,?is x 
does 9 ! hope t its influ5ce may be     
broad5$ & deep5$4 ,m9i/]s & (ficials are
 con/antly pond]+ ! "q ( sub/itutions4  
,! f>m] is sub/itut+ bett] me?ods (     
till+ ! soil = ! me?ods t 7 9 vogue 9 a 
=m] "t be=e sci5ce _h invad$ ! realms ( 
agriculture1 to ! end t he may increase 
! yield ( 8 fields1 make l>g]           
contributions to comm]ce1 increase 8    
pr(its1 & s be bett] able to gratify "s 
( ! high] desires ( 8 nature4  ,!       
automobile factory4--,ea* successive    

model 9 an automobile factory is a      
concrete illu/ration ( ! process ( mak+ 
sub/itutions1 & ea* sub/itut$ "p be>s   
witness to a close scrut9y ( pa/        
exp]i5ces z well z ( ! wants (          
prospective pur*as]s4 ,! self-/>t] 0 a  
want at fir/2 b n[ x is a ne$1 &1 !re=e1
 a necessity4 ,if ! s*ool w\ld b make z 
c>eful /udy ( ! boy's exp]i5ces & 8     
wants z ! manufactur] does 9 ! case (   
automobiles1 & !n w\ld atta* !          
sub/itutions to ^! exp]i5ces & wants1 ! 
boy w\ld v soon f9d himself 9 happy     
possession ( a self-/>t] :i* w\ld prove 
to be ! v cr[n ( s*ool "w4 ,! automobile
 manufactur] is bo? a psy*ologi/ & a    
politician4  ,results (                 
sub/itutions4--,z a result (            
sub/itutions we h bett] roads1 bett]    
h\ses1 bett] laws1 clean] /reets1 bett] 
f5ces1 bett] ma*9]y1 m sanit>y          
conditions1 & a high] type ( conduct4   
,we /ep to a high] level ^u ! exp]i5ces 
( ! pa/ & make sub/itutions z we move   
upw>d4 ,! progress ( civilization is    

measur$ by ! "* ( ^! sub/itutions & !   
rapidity ) :i* !y are made4 ,! p on !   
,isle ( ,m>k5 make b few sub/itutions1 &
 ^! only at long int]vals1 & s !y are   
look$ ^u z curiosities among humans4 ,9 
all our mission>y ent]prises we are     
endeavor+ to p]suade ! peoples among :om
 we are work+ to make sub/itutions4     
,in/ead ( _! own1 we w\ld h !m accept   
our books1 our /yles ( clo?+1 our plans 
( gov]nm5t1 our modes ( liv+1 our means 
( transportation1 &1 9 %ort1 our /&>ds (
 life4 ,b1 fir/ ( all1 we mu/ le>n _!   
/&>ds ( life2 o!rwise we _c proce$      
intellig5tly or effectively 9 ! l9e (   
sub/itutions4 ,we mu/ "k _! language    
be=e we c tea* !m ours1 & we mu/        
translate our books into _! language    
be=e we c hope to sub/itute our books = 
!irs4 ,all ! sub/itutions we hope to    
make presuppose a k ( _! wants4 ,h5ce ! 
me?ods ( ! mission>y be> a close analogy
 to ! me?ods ( ! politician4  ,!        
,ideali/4--,?is is equally true ( !     
vitaliz$ tea*]4 ,%e is a practical      

ideali/4 ,9 ! words ( ! poet1 h] rea* is
 beyond h] grasp1 & ?is proclaims h] an 
ideali/4 ,9 h] capacity z a politician  
%e makes a close /udy ( ! wants ( h]    
con/itu5ts1 bo? pupils & p>5ts1 & s     
le>ns h[ be/ to articulate s*ool "w ) ! 
int]e/s ( ! community4 ,%e does n hold  
alo( f h] pupils or _! homes1 b /udies  
!m at close range1 z d ! mission>y & !  
politician4 ,%e lives among !m & s le>ns
 _! language & _! modes ( ?9k+ & liv+4  
,only s c %e come into sympa!tic        
relations ) !m & be ( greate/ s]vice to 
!m 9 promot+ "r sub/itutions4 ,%e f9ds  
"o boy sur*>g$ ) ! in/9ct ( pugnacity4  
,?is t5d5cy manife/s itself bo? 9 s*ool 
& at home4 ,h] own conclusions are      
ratifi$ by ! p>5ts4 ,he wants to fight4 
,8 :ole nature cries al\d = battle4 ,9  
su* a case1 nei!r repression nor        
suppression w avail4 ,s %e atta*es a    
phase ( s*ool "w to ?is native          
disposition & gives 8 pugnaci\s in/9ct a
 fair field4  ,an example4--,enli/+ him 
z h] *ampion 9 a t\rnam5t1 %e pits aga9/

 him a d\ghty antagoni/ 9 ! =m ( a      
problem 9 ari?metic4 ,9 tones (         
enc\ragem5t %e gives ! signal & ! fight 
is on4 ,! boy pummels t problem z he    
w\ld belabor a s*oolmate on ! playgr\nd4
 ,8 :ole be+ is focus$ ^u ! adv5ture4 ,&
 :5 he has won 8 me$ ( praise1 he feels 
himself a real *ampion4 ,! tea*] m]ely  
sub/itut$ m9d = h&s 9 ! conte/ & s fell 
9 ) 8 notion t fight+ is q "r if only ! 
cause is a wor?y "o4 ,he is quick to see
 ! di/9ction & s makes ! sub/itution )  
alacrity & ) no loss ( self-respect4    
,ev] aft] he disda9s ! vulg> brawl &    
does n lose ! fight+ in/9ct4 ,?us !     
vitaliz$ tea*] by kn[+ h[ to make       
sub/itutions w9s = society a valiant    
*ampion4 ,if we multiply ?is example1 we
 %all readily see h[ su* a              
tea*]-politician des]ves ! di/9ction (  
be+ t]m$ a practical ideali/4           
,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4 ,di/+ui% 
! foll[+ t]ms3 demagogue2 politician2   
/atesman2 & practical ideali/4  #b4     
,subject to :at limitations %\ld a      

successful tea*] be a politician8  #c4  
,enum]ate ! qualities ( a successful    
politician t tea*]s %\ld possess4  #d4  
,h[ does ! au?or def9e education8       
,criticize ?is def9ition4  #e4 ,:at     
resemblances has ! process ( education  
to ! evolution ( ma*9]y8 to ! evolution 
( biological species8  #f4 ,describe    
me?ods by :i* ! tactful tea*] may secure
 helpful sub/itutions 9 ! *ild's life4  
#g4 ,9 :at respects does society        
resemble a vitaliz$ s*ool8  #h4         
,illu/rate h[ tea*]s may utilize = !    
education ( ! *ild seem+ly h>mful       
in/9cts4     ,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,sublime    
,,*aos   ,acquisitiv5ess4--,9 fancy1 at 
lea/1 we may atta9 a position ov] & f>  
above ! city ( ,london & f ?is          
vantage-place1 ) ! aid ( /rong glasses1 
wat* a panorama t is bo? entranc+ &     
bewild]+4 ,! sc5e bewild]s n alone by   
its scope1 b /ill m by its complexity4  
,! sc5e is a %ift+ "o1 too1 nev] ! same 
9 two successive m9utes4 ,"h is         
,trafalg> ,squ>e1 ) its noble monum5t & 

! gu>dian lions1 rem9d+ u ( ,nelson 9   
:at is acc\nt$ "o ( ! mo/ h]oic naval   
engagem5ts record$ 9 hi/ory4 ,z we look1
 we recon/itute ! sc5e1 f> away1 9 :i*  
he 0 conspicu\s1 & r]ead 9 our books 8  
/irr+ appeal to 8 m54 ,!nce we glance up
 ,reg5t ,/reet & see x ?rong$ )         
equipages t betok5 weal? & luxury4      
,ri*ly dress$ p 9 great numb]s are mov+ 
to & fro & giv+ color to ! picture4 ,a  
%abby g>b _c be made to fit into ?is    
picture4 ,:5 x appe>s1 !re is discord 9 
! g5]al h>mony4 ,all ?is motion mu/ h   
motives beh9d x some:]e2 b we c only    
conjecture ! motives4 ,we h only surface
 indications to guide u 9 our que/ = ^!4
 ,b we are reasonably c]ta9 t ^! p are  
animat$ by ! in/9ct ( acquisition4 ,!y  
seem to want to get ?+s1 & s come :]e   
?+s are to be _h4  ,desires = ?+s       
intangible4--,!re are miles ( vehicles (
 _m k9ds w5d+ _! tortu\s1 s9u\s ways 9 &
 out along /reets t radiate hi!r & ?i!r4
 ,!y /ay _! progress = a mom5t & p em]ge
 at ,rob9son's1 at ,selfridge's1 at     

,lib]ty's4 ,ea* ( ^! is ! ,mecca ( a    
?\s& desires1 & faces beam ) pleasure :5
 !y reappe>4 ,"s desire has evid5tly be5
 gratifi$4 ,o!rs alight at ! ,national  
,gall]y & ent] its doors4 ,:5 !y come =?
 x is obvi\s t some?+ happ5$ to !m      
inside t build+4 ,! l9es ( c>e on _!    
faces are n s evid5t1 & _! /ep is m     
ela/ic & buoyant4 ,_! desires did n h   
tangible ?+s z _! objectives z 9 ! case 
( ! p :o ent]$ ! %ops = m]*&ise1 b _!   
faces %9e ) a new light &1 !re=e1 _!    
que/ mu/ h be5 successful4 ,z we look1  
we realize t desires = intangible ?+s   
may be z acute z = tangible ones1 & t ! 
gratification ( ^! desires produces     
equal satisfaction4  ,we/m9/]           
,abbey4--,n f> away o!r ?rongs are      
invad+ ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,9 ^? hi/oric & 
hall[$ prec9cts !y are commun+ ) ! ,pa/1
 ! ,pres5t1 & ! ,future4 ,all ab\t !m is
 ! sacr$ du/ ( ^? :o once wr\ght        
effectively 9 affairs ( /ate & 9 ! realm
 ( lett]s4 ,hi/ory & lit]ature h _! %r9e
 !re1 & ^! p are wor%ip]s at t %r9e4    

,all ab\t !m are rem9d]s ( ! ,pa/1 :ile 
! wor%ip]s be=e ! ,cross direct _!      
?\ghts to ! ,future4 ,e>? & ,heav5 bo?  
s5d =? an invitation = supreme int]e/ 9 
_! ?\ghts & feel+s4 ,hi/ory & lit]ature 
call to !m to emulate ! a*ievem5ts ^:   
monum5ts !y see ab\t !m1 :ile ! ,cross  
admoni%es !m t ^! a*ievem5ts are b      
temporal4 ,"h !y exp]i5ce a fulfillm5t (
 _! desires4 ,_! k is broad5$1 & _! fai?
 is lift$ up4 ,! ,pa/ ?rills !m2 !      
,future inspires !m2 & ?us ! ,pres5t is 
f> m wor? :ile4  ,h\se (                
,p>liam5t4--,across ! way is ,p>liam5t1 
& ?is conjures up a long tra9 ( ev5ts ( 
va/ import4 ,! curr5ts t fl[ out f ?is  
p[]-h\se h encircl$ ! globe4 ,"h        
conque/s h be5 plann$ t electrifi$      
nations4 ,"h h be5 g5]at$ va/ armies &  
navies z mess5g]s ( ,desire4 ,"h h be5  
vot$ va/ treasures 9 execution ( !      
desires ( m5 = t]ritorial ext5sion &    
national aggr&izem5t4 ,^! halls h       
res\nd$ ) ! eloqu5ce ( m5 :o 7 /riv+ to 
inoculate o!r m5 ) ! virus ( _! desires2

 & ! :ole _w has /ood on tiptoe await+ !
 issue ( ?is eloqu5ce4 ,mom5t\s sc5es h 
be5 enact$ "h1 all emanat+ f ! desires (
 m51 & ^! sc5es h t\*$ ! lives ( untold 
millions ( p4  ,comm]ce4--,we see !     
,?ames ne> by1 teem+ ) %ips f ! utt]mo/ 
corn]s ( ! e>?1 & we ?9k ( comm]ce4 ,we 
use ! ^w glibly1 b no m9d is able to    
compreh5d its full import4 ,we "k t ^!  
%ips ply ! seas1 be>+ food & clo?+ to ! 
peoples :o live f> away1 b :5 we attempt
 to e/imate ! magnitude ( comm]ce1 ! m9d
 confesses to itself t ! problem is too 
great4 ,we may multiply ! numb] ( %ips  
by _! tonnage1 b we get1 9 consequ5ce1  
an array ( figures s great t !y cease to
 h any mean+ = ! f9ite m9d4 ,! be/ & mo/
 t !y c d = u is to make u newly aw>e t 
! p :o dwell 9 ! jungles ( ,africa1 :o  
roam ! pampas ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 :o climb !
 ,alps1 ! ,rockies1 ! ,&es1 & !         
,himalayas1 all h desires t ^! %ips are 
/riv+ to gratify4  ,social              
int]c\rse4--,go+ up ! riv] to ,hampton  
,c\rt we see p out = a holiday4 ,!re are

 h\se-boats ) elaborate & arti/ic fitt+s
 & furni%+s1 & o!r craft ( e sort t     
luxury c sugge/4 ,"o c\ld imag9e t none 
b fairies c\ld /age su* a sc5e4 ,! bl5d+
 ( colors1 ! easy dalliance1 ! rippl+   
laught]1 ! graceful fea/+1 & ! eddy+    
wavelets all conspire to produce a sc5e 
t s]ves to emphasize ! beauty ( ! %ores4
 ,und]nea? ?is en*ant+ sc5e ( v>iegat$  
beauty we discov] ! fundam5tal fact t   
man is a greg>i\s animal1 t he n only   
craves association ) 8 k9d b t play+ )  
!m br+s him into m h>moni\s communion ) 
!m4 ,9 _! play !y meet ^u ! plane ( a   
common purpose & are ?us unifi$ 9 _s4   
,h5ce1 all ?is beauty & gayety is s]v+ a
 b5efic5t purpose 9 ! way ( gratify+ !  
inh]5t desire ( mank9d = social         
int]c\rse4  ,! travel in/9ct4--,at ,*>+ 
,cross ! comm]ce drama is re5act$1 only 
"h ) tra9s in/ead ( boats1 &1 ma9ly1 p  
in/ead ( m]*&ise4 ,"h we see hurry &    
bu/le1 & he> ! %riek ( ! eng9e & ! w>n+ 
bla/ ( ! gu>d4 ,tra9s are go+ out1 tra9s
 are com+ 94 ,:5 ! p /ep out ^u !       

plat=ms1 !y seem to "k exactly :i!r !y  
are b\nd4 ,!re are port]s all ab\t to   
help !m a*ieve _! desires1 & cabs /&    
ready at ! curb to d _! bidd+4 ,"h is   
human comm]ce1 & ! tra9s are ! answ] to 
! call ( ! human family to see _! own & 
o!r l&s4 ,^! tra9s are swift] & m       
agreeable = nomads ?an ! camel ( ! des]t
 or ! ,cone/oga wagon ( ! prairie4 ,!   
nomadic in/9ct pulls & pu%es p away f _!
 own door-y>ds2 h5ce railways1 tra9s1   
eng9es1 air brakes1 telegraph l9es1     
wireless app>atuses1 & all ! _m o!r     
devices t ! m9d ( man has design$ at !  
behe/ ( ?is desire to roam ab\t4        
,monum5ts4--,fur!r d[n ! ,?ames we see  
,gre5wi*1 :i* regulates ! clocks = !    
:ole _w1 & furni%es ! sea capta9 !      
talisman by :i* he may "k :]e he is4    
,ov] aga9/ ,/4 ,paul's is ! ,bank (     
,engl&1 :i* = long ye>s rul$ ! f9ances (
 ! _w4 ,yond] is ! ,museum1 ! cons]vator
 ( ! ages4 ,!re is ! ,rosetta ,/one1 :i*
 is ! gateway ( hi/ory2 !re ! ,elg9     
,m>bles1 :i* proclaim ! glory ( !       

,greece t 02 !re ! palimpse/s :i* recall
 an age :5 m5 _h "t to ?9k2 & !re !     
books ( all "t by means ( :i* we c re?9k
 ! big ?\ghts ( m5 long s9ce gone f     
sight4 ,!re are ?+s t m5 n[ call        
curiosities t m>k ! c\rse ( m9ds 9 _!   
/ruggles t[>d ! light2 & !re are !      
s5tim5ts ( l(ty s\ls t w live 9 ! he>ts 
( m5 long aft] ^! giant /ones h crumbl$4
  ,desire = pa/oral beauty4--,beyond !  
city1 9 ! allur+ c\ntry places1 we see a
 l&scape t delights ! s5ses1 ornate )   
h$ges1 fl[]s1 v9e-clad cottages1        
highways ( surpass+ smoo?ness1 f]tile   
fields1 & ?rifty flocks & h]ds4 ,!re are
 c>ts & wagons on ! roads be>+ !        
products ( field & g>d5 to ! m>ts (     
trade4 ,m51 wom51 & *ildr5 zeal\sly ply 
! hoe1 ! pl[1 or ! %ovel1 abett+ ,nature
 9 h] ef=ts to fe$ ! hungry4 ,9 ?is     
pa/oral sc5e !re is dignity1 s]5ity1 &  
lat5t p[]4 ,its beauty answ]s back to ! 
ae/hetic nature ( mank9d1 & no?+ t is   
artificial c ev] supplant x 9 ! way (   
gratify+ man's desire = ! beautiful4    

,economic articulation4--,?r\gh all !   
div]sifi$ phases ( ?is panorama !re runs
 a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( unity4 ,!re are
 no collisions4 ,9 ! economy (          
civilization ! f>m] is coo]d9ate ) !    
arti/1 ! artisan1 & ! tradesman4 ,b1 if 
all m5 7 f>m]s1 ! economic balance w\ld 
be di/urb$4 ,! railroad eng9e] is major 
because he is indisp5sable4 ,s1 also1 is
 ! f>m]1 ! legislator1 ! arti/1 & !     
/ud5t4 ,!re is a degree ( int]dep5d5ce t
 makes = economic h>mony4 ,!            
articulation ( all ! p>ts gives u an    
economic :ole4  ,aspirations4--,?is     
panorama is a picture ( life2 & ! s*ool 
is life4 ,h5ce ! panorama & ! s*ool are 
id5tical2 only ! s*ool is l>g] ?an !    
panorama1 ev5 ?\gh ! picture is r$uc$ 9 
size to fit ! frame ( ! s*ool4 ,! pupils
 9 ! s*ool h dreams & aspirations t rea*
 f> beyond ! limits ( ! picture ( our   
fancy4 ,& all ^! aspirations are a "p ( 
life & s are indig5\s 9 ! vitaliz$      
s*ool4 ,& woe betide ! tea*] :o w\ld    
abridge or repress ^! dreams &          

aspirations4 ,!y are ! v w>p & wo( (    
life1 & ! tea*] :o w\ld elim9ate !m w\ld
 suppress life itself4 ,t tea*] is 9    
sorry bus9ess :o w\ld fit h] pupils out 
) m5tal or spiritual /rait-jackets1 or  
mold !m to "s conv5tional patt]n1 ev5   
?\gh x be h] own4 ,^! pupils are !      
prototypes ( ! p 9 our panorama1 & are1 
!re=e1 animat$ by l incl9ations &       
desires4  ,desire is fundam5tal4--,"h is
 a boy :o is hungry2 he desires food4 ,b
 s does ! man :o is pass+ along ! /reet4
 ,! man is focus+ all 8 m5tal p[]s ^u ! 
problem ( h[ he %all procure food4 ,!   
man's problem is ! boy's problem & ea*  
has a "r to a solution ( 8 problem4 ,!  
s*ool's bus9ess is to help ! boy solve 8
 problem & n to try to qu5* 8 desire =  
food or try to p]suade him t no su*     
desire exi/s4 ,?is desire is "o ( !     
native dispositions to :i* ! "w ( !     
s*ool is to atta* itself4 ,desires are  
fundam5tal 9 ! s*eme ( education1 ! v   
t5tacles t w lay hold ^u ! s*ool        
activities & r5d] !m effective4 ,!      

tea*]'s l>ge task is to /r5g!n & n\ri%  
incipi5t desires & to cause ! pupil to  
hung] & ?ir/ aft] ! means ( gratify+ !m4
  ,innate t5d5cies4--,ea* pupil has a "r
 to 8 inh]5t individuality4 ,! s*ool    
%\ld n only beg9 :]e ! boy is1 b %\ld   
beg9 its "w ^u :at he is4 ,only s c x   
direct him t[>d :at he ought to be4 ,if 
! boy w\ld alight at ! ,national ,gall]y
 9 ord] to regale himself ) ! ma/]pieces
 ( art1 :y1 pray1 %\ld ! tea*] try to   
curtail ?is desire & =ce him into       
,we/m9/] ,abbey8 ,if %e w accompany him 
into ! ,gall]y & prove h]self 8 fri5d & 
guide among ! treasures ( art1 %e w1    
d\btless1 exp]i5ce ! joy ( he>+ him ask 
h] to be 8 companion ?r\gh ! ,abbey lat]
 on4 ,! ,abbey is q "r 9 its way & ! boy
 mu/ visit x soon or late1 b to ?is     
p>ticul> boy ! ,gall]y comes fir/ & he  
%\ld be l$ to ! ,abbey by way ( !       
,gall]y4 ,9 s*ool "w ! p>ties are all   
p]sonally conduct$1 b ! rule is t a p>ty
 is compos$ ( b "o p]son4               
,illu/ration4--,! girl is n to be       

condemn$ because %e desires to visit !  
,selfridge %op r ?an ! ,museum4 ,! tea*]
 may rhapsodize ^u ! ,museum to ! limit 
( h] /r5g?1 b ! girl is ?9k+ ( !        
beautiful fabrics to be se5 at ! %op1 &1
 especially1 ( ! delici\s ,am]ican ice  
cream t c be _h n[h]e else 9 ,london4 ,x
 is r a poor tea*] :o _c lead ! girl to 
! ,briti% ,museum by way ( ,selfridge's4
 ,if ! tea*] f9ds ! task difficult1 %e  
w\ld d well to trav]se ! r\te a few     
times 9 advance4 ,! ice cream w help r  
?an h9d] :5 !y /&1 at l5g?1 be=e !      
,rosetta ,/one or read ! orig9al lett]  
to ,mrs4 ,bixby4 ,! /ore & ! ,museum are
 bo? 9 ! picture1 & ! tea*] mu/ det]m9e 
:i* %\ld come fir/ 9 ! it9]>y ( ?is     
girl4 ,! native dispositions & desires w
 po9t out ! way to ! tea*]4  ,! old-"t  
s*oolma/] 0 fond ( sett+ z a copy 9 !   
old-fa%ion$ copy book ,all "w & no play 
makes ,jack a dull boy2 b1 lat]1 :5 he  
caught ,jack play+ he gave him a flogg+1
 ?us prov+ himself bo? inconsi/5t &     
defici5t 9 a k ( psy*ology & fair play4 

,if we are go+ to ,gre5wi* we %all save 
"t by tak+ ! long] j\rney by way (      
,hampton ,c\rt4 ,z we disport ourselves 
amid ! beauties & gayeties ( ! ,c\rt we 
c prolong our pleasures by anticipat+   
,gre5wi*1 & s make our play ! ant]oom ( 
our "w4  ,v>iety 9 excell5ce4--,9 !     
vitaliz$ s*ool we %all f9d ea* pupil    
eag] 9 8 que/ ( food = ! hung] he feels1
 & ! tea*] rejoic+ 9 ! developm5t ( 8   
individuality4 ,%e w\ld n h all h]      
pupils atta9 ! same level ev5 (         
excell5ce4 ,!y are diff]5t1 & %e w\ld h 
!m s4 ,nor w\ld %e h h] s*ool exemplify 
! k9d ( ord] t is to be f\nd 9 a gall]y 
( /atues4 ,h] s*ool is a place ( life1  
eag]1 ye>n+1 pulsat+ life1 & n a place (
 dead & dead5+ sil5ce4 ,h] pupils h     
div]sifi$ ta/es & desires &1 9          
consequ5ce1 div]sifi$ activities1 b "w  
is ! gold5 cord t b9ds !m 9 a heal?y &  
heal?ful unity4 ,?is is sublime *aos1 a 
busy1 happy ?rong1 all work+ at full    
/r5g? at tasks t are wor? :ile1 & all   
animat$ by hopes & aspirations t rea*   

out to ! v limits ( space4   ,,que/ions 
,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4 ,:at may ! s*ool d  
to give helpful direction & ne$$        
modifications to ! in/9ct ( acquisition8
  #b4 ,! ultimate ends ( education are m
 effici5t production & m intellig5t     
consumption4 ,h[ & by :at means may !   
s*ool br+ ab\t a m intellig5t *oice (   
tangible & intangible ?+s8  #c4 ,:at h9t
 may ! tea*] ( geography receive f !    
brief description ( ,london's po9ts (   
int]e/8  #d4 ,comp>e a vitaliz$ s*ool ) 
! panorama ( ,london4  #e4 ,to :at ext5t
 mu/ individual diff]5ces be recogniz$  
by ! tea*] 9 ! recitation8 9 discipl9e8 
#f4 ,sugge/ means :]eby pupils may be   
induc$ to sp5d _! ev5+s ) ,dick5s1      
,eliot1 ,macaulay1 or ,irv+ 9 pref]5ce  
to ! movies4     ,,*apt] ,,vii          
,,democracy   ,a conflict4--,!re 0 a    
fight on a railway tra9--a t]rific      
fight4 ,! conductor & two o!r ,am]icans 
7 battl+ aga9/ t5 or m =eign]s4 ,^!     
=eign]s _h come abo>d ! tra9 at a m9+   
t[n en r\te to ! city = a holiday4 ,!   

tra9 _h h>dly got "u way1 aft] ! /op1 :5
 ! fight 0 on4 ,! battle rag$ back & =? 
f "o c> to ! o!r across ! plat=m amid ! 
%\ts & curs+ ( m5 & ! screams ( wom54   
,bloody faces atte/$ ! int5sity ( !     
conflict4 ,"o =eign] 0 knock$ f ! tra91 
b no acc\nt 0 tak5 ( him4 ,! tra9 sp$ on
 & ! fight cont9u$4 ,nor did its viol5ce
 abate until ! tra9 rea*$ ! next /ation1
 :]e ! conductor summon$ re5=cem5ts &   
invok$ ! maje/y ( ! law 9 ! =m ( an     
(fic]4 ,! affray1 f fir/ to la/1 0 mo/  
depress+ & gave to ! unwill+ witness a  
feel+ t civilization is some?+ ( a      
misnom] & t m5 are inh]5tly f]oci\s4    
,misconceptions4--,m mature reflection1 
h[ev]1 s]v$ to modify ?is judgm5t1 & !  
application ( "s philosophy resolv$ !   
di/ress+ combat into a relatively simple
 proposition4 ,! conductor & 8 assi/ants
 7 fight+ = _! conception ( ord]1 & _!  
oppon5ts 7 fight+ = _! conception (     
manhood4 ,r$uc$ to its primal elem5ts1 !
 fight 0 ! result ( a dual              
misconception4 ,! conductor 0 battl+ to 

v9dicate 8 conception ( ord]2 ! =eign]s 
7 battl+ to v9dicate _! conception ( !  
rights ( m5 9 a democracy4 ,nei!r p>ty  
to ! conte/ und]/ood ! o!r1 & ea* "o    
felt himself to be on ! def5sive4 ,nei!r
 "o w\ld h confess$ himself ! aggressor1
 & yet ea* "o 0 invad+ ! suppos$ rights 
( ! o!r4 ,judicial consid]ation c\ld    
readily h av]t$ ! :ole di/ress+ affair4 
,=eign concept ( democracy4--,! =eign]s 
_h come to our c\ntry ) roseate dreams (
 democracy4 ,to _! conception1 ?is is ! 
l& :]e e man is ! equal ( e o!r man2 :]e
 equal rights & privileges are v\*saf$  
to all m5 )\t reg>d to nationality1     
position1 or possessions2 :]e !re is no 
fa9te/ h9t ( ! ca/e sy/em2 & :]e !re are
 no possible l9es ( dem>cation4 ,_!     
disillusionm5t on t tra9 0 swift &      
sev]e1 & ! obs]v] c\ld n b wond] :at 0  
_! conception ( a democracy z !y walk$  
ab\t ! /reets ( ! city or gave att5tion 
to _! bruis$ faces4 ,_! dreams ( fre$om 
& equal rights mu/ h seem$ a mock]y4 ,!y
 mu/ h felt t !y _h be5 lur$ into a trap

 by "s ag5cy ( cruelty & inju/ice4 ,aft]
 su* an exp]i5ce !y mu/ h be5           
unspeakably homesick = _! native l&4    
,melt+ pot4--,_! prim>y tr\ble arose f !
 fact t !y _h n yet a*iev$ democracy1 b 
_h only a hazy !oretical conception (   
its true mean+4 ,nor did ! conductor    
give !m any assi/ance4 ,on ! contr>y he 
pu%$ !m f>!r away into ! realm ( !ory1 &
 r5d]$ !m less susceptible to ! influ5ce
 ( ! feel+ = democracy4 ,be=e ^! =eign]s
 c become ?or\ghly assimilat$ !y mu/ "k 
?is feel+ by exp]i5ce2 & until ?is      
exp]i5ce is !irs !y _c live com=tably or
 h>moni\sly 9 our democracy4 ,to d ?is  
effectively is "o ( ! l>ge tasks t      
confront ! ,am]ican s*ool & society z a 
:ole4 ,if we fail "h1 ! glory (         
democracy w be dimm$4 ,all ,am]icans %>e
 equally 9 ! responsibility ( ?is task4 
,! s*ool1 ( c\rse1 mu/ assume its full  
%>e ( ?is responsibility if x w\ld fully
 des]ve ! "n ( melt+ pot4  ,le>n+       
democracy4--,meet+ ?is responsibility   
wor?ily is n ! simple ?+ t _m seem to   

conceive x to be4 ,if x 71 !n any       
discussion app]ta9+ to ! tea*+ (        
democracy w\ld be sup]flu\s4 ,?is       
subject ( democracy is1 9 fact1 ! mo/   
difficult subject ) :i* ! s*ool has to  
d1 & by f> ! mo/ important4 ,its supreme
 importance is due to ! fact t all !    
pupils expect to live 9 a democracy1 &1 
unless !y le>n democracy1 life _c atta9 
to its maximum ( agreeabl5ess = !m nor c
 !y make ! l>ge/ possible contributions 
to ! well-be+ ( society4 ,x has be5 said
 t ! sev5te5? c5tury saw ,v]sailles2 !  
eighte5? c5tury saw ! ,e>?2 & ! n9ete5? 
c5tury saw ,humanity4 ,!n ! v p]t95t "q 
is ask$1 ,:i* c5tury w see ,life8 ,we :o
 love our c\ntry & our =m ( gov]nm5t    
fondly hope t we may be ! fir/ to see   
,life1 &1 if ?is privilege falls to our 
lot1 we mu/ come to see life ?r\gh !    
m$ium ( democracy4  ,! vitaliz$ s*ool a 
democracy4--,life seems to be an ab/ract
 some?+ to _m p1 b x mu/ become concrete
 be=e !y c really see x z x is4         
,democracy is a means1 !re=e1 ( trans=m+

 ab/ract life into concrete life1 & s we
 are to come into a full] compreh5sion (
 life ?r\gh ! gateway ( democracy4 ,!   
vitaliz$ s*ool is a laboratory ( life &1
 at ! same "t1 x is ! mo/ ne>ly p]fect  
exemplification ( democracy4 ,! ne>] its
 approa* to p]fection 9 exemplify+ ! _s 
& work+s ( a democracy1 ! l>g] s]vice x 
r5d]s society4 ,if ! outfl[ f ! s*ool   
into society is a high quality (        
democracy1 ! g5]al tone ( society w be  
improv$4 ,if society det]iorates1 !     
s*ool may n be :olly at fault1 b x      
evid5tly is unable to supply to society 
re5=cem5t 9 su* quantity & ( su* quality
 z w keep ! level up to normal4         
,responsibility ( ! individual4--,9     
society ea* individual raises or l[]s ! 
level ( democracy accord+ to :at he is &
 does4 ,! idl] fails to make any        
contributions to ! well-be+ ( society & 
?us l[]s ! av]age ( citiz5%ip4 ,! trifl]
 & dawdl] l[] ! level ( democracy by    
reason ( _! ineffici5cy4 ,!y may ex]cise
 _! "r to vote b fail to ex]cise _! "r  

to act ! "p ( effici5t citiz5s4 ,if all 
citiz5s emulat$ _! example1 democracy   
w\ld become inane & devitaliz$4 ,tramps1
 burgl>s1 feeble-m9d$ p]sons1 &         
inebriates l[] ! level ( democracy      
because ( _! failure to r5d] _! full    
measure ( s]vice1 & because1 9 v>y+     
degrees1 !y prey ^u ! res\rces ( society
 & ?us add to its burd5s4               
,self-reliance1 self-support1           
self-respect1 z well z vot+1 are among !
 rights t all able-bodi$ citiz5s mu/    
ex]cise be=e democracy c come into its  
rightful h]itage4  ,! function ( !      
s*ool4--,all ?is & mu* m ! s*ools mu/   
tea* effectively s t x %all be ?or\ghly 
enme%$ 9 ! social consci\sness or _!    
output w reveal a lack ( ^? qualities t 
make = ! l>g] good ( democratic society4
 ,democracy mu/ be groov$ into habits ( 
?\ght & action or ! graduates ( ! s*ools
 w fall %ort ( a*iev+ ! highe/ plane (  
liv+ 9 ! community4 ,!y w n be 9 h>mony 
) _! environm5t1 & friction w ensue1 :i*
 w r$uce1 9 "s degree1 ! level (        

democracy4 ,h5ce1 ! l>ge task ( ! s*ool 
is to inculcate ! habit ( democracy )   
all t ! t]m implies4 ,twelve ye>s are   
none too long = ?is important "w1 ev5 "u
 ! mo/ favorable conditions & "u !      
direction ( ! mo/ skillful tea*+4       
,inde$1 civic economy w be greatly      
enhanc$ if1 9 ! twelve ye>s1 ! s*ools   
accompli% ?is "o big purpose4           
,manife/ations ( democratic _s4--,we may
 n be able to resolve democracy into its
 con/itu5t elem5ts1 b ! _s t is attun$  
to democracy is ke5ly alive to its      
manife/ations4 ,! _s s attun$ is quick  
to detect any slighte/ discord 9 !      
democratic h>mony4 ,?is is especially   
true 9 ! s*ool democracy4 ,a discordant 
note affects ! entire situation &       
militates aga9/ effective proc$ure4 ,9 !
 s*ool democracy we look = a s]ies &    
sy/em ( compromises1--= a yield+ ( m9or 
matt]s t major ones may be a*iev$4 ,we  
look = concessions t w make = ! com=t & 
progress ( ! entire body1 & we exp]i5ce 
disappo9tm5t if we fail to discov] "s   

pleasure 9 connection ) ^! concessions4 
,we expect to see good w bani%+         
selfi%ness & e semblance ( monopoly4 ,we
 expect to f9d e pupil glad to %>e ! "t 
& /r5g? ( ! tea*] ) 8 fell[s ev5 to !   
po9t ( g5]osity1 & to f9d joy 9 s do+4  
,we expect to f9d ea* pupil eag] to     
deposit all 8 atta9m5ts & capabilities z
 assets ( ! s*ool & to f9d 8 *ief joy 9 
! success ( all t ! s*ool repres5ts4    
,ob/acles 9 ! pa?4--,b x is f> easi] to 
depict democracy ?an to tea* x4 ,9 fact1
 ! tea*] is c]ta9 to enc\nt] ob/acles1 &
 _m ( ^! h _! s\rce 9 ,am]ican homes4   
,inde$1 "s ( ! mo/ f]tile s\rces (      
discord 9 ! s*ool may be trac$ to a     
misconception ( democracy on ! "p ( !   
home4 ,"o ( ^! misconceptions is a      
species ( an>*y1 :i* appropriates to    
itself ! g5tl] "n ( democracy4 ,b1 none 
! less1 x is an>*y4 ,x disda9s all law &
 au?ority1 treads "u foot ! precepts ( !
 home & ! s*ool1 fl\ts ! c\nsels ( p>5ts
 & tea*]s1 & is self-will$1 ob/9ate1 &  
defiant4 ,democracy obeys ! law2 an>*y  

scorns x4 ,democracy respects ! rights (
 o!rs1 an>*y ov]rides !m4 ,democracy    
exalts good w2 an>*y exalts selfi%ness4 
,democracy respects ! ,gold5 ,rule2     
an>*y respects no?+1 n ev5 itself4      
,an>*y4--,:5 ?is _s ( an>*y ga9s access 
to ! s*ool1 x is n easily eradicat$ = ! 
reason t ! home is loa? to recognize x z
 an>*y1 & res5ts any su* implication on 
! "p ( ! s*ool4 ,! fa!r may be q unable 
to ex]cise any control ov] ! boy1 b he  
is reluctant to admit ! fact to ! tea*]4
 ,su* a boy is an an>*i/ & no sophi/ry c
 gloss ! fact4 ,:at he ne$s is a lib]al 
application ( mon>*y to fit him =       
democracy4 ,he %\ld read ! ,old ,te/am5t
 z a prep>ation = an appreciative p]usal
 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,if ! home _c g5]ate
 9 him due respect = con/itut$ au?ority1
 !n ! s*ool mu/ d s1 or he w prove a    
m5ace to society & become a de/ructive r
 ?an a con/ructive ag5cy4 ,"h we h a    
t5se situation4 ,an>*y is runn+ riot 9 !
 home2 ! home is array$ aga9/ ! attempts
 ( ! s*ool to correct ! disord]2 &      

,democracy is /&+ expectant to see :at w
 be done4  ,snobb]y4--,sc>cely less     
inimical to democracy ?an an>*y is      
snobb]y4 ,! =m] is viol5t1 :ile ! latt] 
is insidi\s4 ,bo? poison ! s\rce ( !    
/ream ( democracy4 ,if ! home in/ills   
into ! m9ds ( *ildr5 ! notion ( inh]5t  
sup]iority1 !y w c>ry ?is into ! s*ool &
 x w produce a discord4 ,a f>m] & a     
t5ant _h sons ( ! same age4 ,^! lads    
play$ toge!r1 nev] ?9k+ ( sup]iority or 
inf]iority4 ,n[ ! son ( ! t5ant is      
presid5t ( "o ( ! great univ]sities1 & !
 son ( ! proprietor is a janitor 9 "o ( 
! build+s ( t univ]sity4 ,democracy     
pres5ts to view _m anomalies1 & ! s*ool 
age is q too e>ly = any?+ approa*+ !    
ca/e sy/em or snobb]y4 ,! "t may come :5
 ! ri* man's son w consid] x an honor to
 drive ! c> = 8 impecuni\s classmate4   
,re/atem5t4--,x ne$s to be repeat$1     
!re=e1 t democracy is ! mo/ difficult   
subject :i* ! s*ool is call$ ^u to tea*1
 n only because x is difficult 9 itself1
 b also because ( ! attitude ( _m homes 

t pr(ess democracy b d n practice x4 ,to
 ! influ5ce ( su* homes "o may trace !  
exodus ( _m *ildr5 f ! s*ools4 ,! p>5ts 
want ?+s done 9 _! way or n at all1 & s 
)draw _! *ildr5 to v9dicate _! own      
autocracy4 ,!y are will+ to pr(it by    
democracy b are unwill+ to help fo/] its
 gr[?4 ,!y n only l[] ! level (         
democracy b ev5 compel _! *ildr5 to l[] 
x /ill m4 ,! tea*] may ye>n = ! *ildr5 &
 ! *ildr5 = ! tea*]1 b ! home is        
inexorable & sacrifices ! *ildr5 to a   
misconception ( democracy4              
,cooep]ation4--,democracy does n mean   
fell[%ip1 b x does mean cooep]ation4 ,x 
means t p 9 all walks ( life are animat$
 by ! common purpose to make all _!     
activities contribute to ! g5]al good ( 
society4 ,x means t ! railroad presid5t 
may %ake h&s ) ! brakeman & talk ) him1 
man to man1 enc\rag+ him to aspire to   
promotion on m]it4 ,x means t ?is       
brakeman may become presid5t ( ! road ) 
no scorn = ! /ages ?r\gh :i* he pass$ 9 
atta9+ ?is position4 ,x means t he may  

und]/& & sympa?ize ) ! m5 9 8 employ )\t
 frat]niz+ ) !m4 ,x means t e boy may   
aspire to a place high] ?an 8 fa!r has  
atta9$ ) no loss ( affection = him4 ,x  
does n mean ei!r sycophancy or          
trucul5ce1 b fre$om to e individual to  
make ! mo/ ( himself & s help o!rs to   
make ! mo/ ( !mselves4  ,! democratic   
tea*]4--,democracy is le>n$ n f books b 
f ! democratic _s t obta9s 9 ! s*ool4   
,if ! tea*] is sur*>g$ ) democracy1 h]  
radiat+ _s s5ds out curr5ts into ! life 
( ea* pupil1 & ! _s ( democracy ?us     
g5]at$ 9 !m fuses !m into homog5eity4   
,?us !y become democratic by liv+ 9 !   
atmosph]e ( democracy1 z ! boy grew into
 ! lik5ess ( ! ,great ,/one ,face4      
,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4 ,h[ may  
elem5t>y tea*]s inculcate ! pr9ciples ( 
true democracy8  #b4 ,by :at means may  
public s*ools assi/ 9 ! trans=mation (  
illit]ate =eign]s into intellig5t       
,am]ican citiz5s8  #c4 ,:at are "s ( !  
weaknesses ( democracy :i* ! public     
s*ool may rem$y8 ! press8 public        

(ficials8 ! p8  #d4 ,are su* affairs z  
are describ$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! *apt]       
peculi> to democracies8 ,:y or :y n8    
#e4 ,h[ may s*ool discipl9e recognize   
democratic pr9ciples1 !reby lay+ !      
f\ndation ( respect = law & ord] by our 
future citiz5s8  #f4 ,:at qualities (   
citiz5s are inconsi/5t ) a high level ( 
democracy8  #g4 ,discuss ! ext5t to :i* 
! managem5t ( ! classroom %\ld be       
democratic4  #h4 ,h[ may ! mon>*ical    
gov]nm5t ( a s*ool fit pupils = a       
democracy8 ,h[ may x unfit !m8  #i4 ,9  
:at ways may ! foll[+ in/itutions raise 
! level ( democracy3 c5traliz$ s*ools8  
vocational s*ools8 junior high s*ools8  
moonlight s*ools8 ev5+ s*ools8          
,,*apt] ,,viii  ,,patriotism            
,patriotism z a work+ pr9ciple4--,!     
vitaliz$ s*ool g5]ates & fo/]s          
patriotism1 n m]ely z a s5tim5t1 b m    
p>ticul>ly z a work+ pr9ciple4          
,patriotism has 9 x a modicum ( s5tim5t1
 to be sure1 z d religion1 education1 ! 
home1 & civilization2 b s5tim5t alone   

does n con/itute real or true           
patriotism4 ,! man :o %\ts = ! flag b   
pursues a c\rse ( conduct t br+s        
discr$it ^u ! "n ( 8 c\ntry1 belies !   
s5tim5t t 8 %\t+ w\ld seem to express4  
,! truly patriotic man feels t he owes  
to 8 c\ntry & 8 race 8 :ole self1--8    
m9d1 8 "t1 & 8 be/ ef=ts1--& ! paym5t ( 
?is obligation spells life to him4 ,?us 
he inevitably int]prets patriotism 9    
t]ms ( indu/ry1 economy1 ?rift1 & ! full
 cons]vation ( "t & en]gy1 t he may r5d]
 a good acc\nt ( 8 /ew>d%ip to 8 c\ntry4
  ,spell+ z patriotism4--,) ?is broad   
conception 9 m9d ! tea*] elevates       
patriotism to ! rank ( a motive &       
proce$s to organize all ! s*ool         
activities 9 consonance ) ?is           
conception4 ,actuat$ by ?is high motive 
! pupils1 9 "t1 come to look ^u correct 
spell+ n only z a com=t & a conv5i5ce1 b
 also z a =m ( patriotism 9 t x is an   
expon5t ( intellig5t obs]vation & z su* 
w9s respect & comm5dation f p at home & 
p abroad4 ,or1 to put ! case negatively1

 if we 7 all defici5t 9 ! matt] (       
spell+1 ! p ( o!r l&s w\ld hold u up to 
ridicule because ( ?is defect2 b if we  
are exp]t 9 ! art ( spell+1 !y h great] 
respect = u & = our s*ools4 ,h5ce1 su* a
 simple matt] z spell+ t5ds to inve/ !  
flag ( our c\ntry ) bett] & full]       
significance4 ,?us spell+ becomes wov5  
into ! life processes1 n z a m]e task ( 
! s*ool1 b z a privilege v\*saf$ to e "o
 :o ye>ns to see 8 c\ntry w9 di/9ction4 
,patriotism a det]m9+ motive4--,9 l     
mann] ! tea*] runs ! entire gamut (     
s*ool /udies & %[s h[ ea* "o may become 
a manife/ation ( patriotism4 ,if %e has 
h] pupils ex*ange lett]s ) pupils 9 !   
s*ools ( o!r c\ntries1 !y see1 at once1 
t _! spell+1 _! writ+1 & _! composition 
w all be c>efully assess$ 9 ! =mation ( 
an e/imate ( ourselves & our s*ools4 ,x 
is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ! pupils w give =?  
_! be/ ef=ts 9 all ^! l9es t ! c\ntry !y
 repres5t may appe> to ! be/ advantage4 
,9 su* an ex]cise ! motive ( patriotism 
w f> outweigh 9 importance ! motive (   

grades4 ,besides1 ! lett]s are writt5 to
 real p ab\t real life1 &1 h5ce1 life & 
patriotism become synonym\s 9 _! ?9k+1 &
 all _! s*ool "w becomes m vital because
 ( _! patriotism4  ,hi/ory4--,9 ! /udy (
 hi/ory1 ! pupils readily discov] t ! m5
 & wom5 :o h giv5 di/9ction to _!       
respective c\ntries h done s1 9 ! ma91  
by reason ( _! atta9m5ts 9 sci5ce1 9    
lett]s1 & 9 /atesman%ip4 ,!y are l$ to  
?9k ( ,goe?als 9 ! field ( appli$       
ma!matics2 ( ,burbank 9 ! realm (       
botany2 ( ,edison 9 physics2 ( ,scott & 
,burns 9 lit]ature2 ( ,max ,muell] 9    
philology2 ( ,s*liemann 9 ar*aeology2 ( 
,wa%+ton & ,l9coln 9 ! realm (          
/atesman%ip2 & ( ,flor5ce ,night+ale &  
,cl>a ,b>ton 9 philan?ropy4 ,!y discov] 
t ,france deem$ x an honor to h ,erasmus
 z h] gue/ s long z he f\nd x agreeable 
to live 9 t c\ntry1 & t _m c\ntries vi$ 
) "o ano!r 9 claim+ ,hom] z _! own4     
,phillips ,brooks 0 a patriot1 n alone  
because ( 8 pr(ession ( love = 8 c\ntry1
 b because ( :at he did t add$ lu/] to !

 "n ( 8 c\ntry4  ,effici5cy4--,! /udy ( 
physiology & hygi5e af=ds a wide field =
 ! contemplation & practice ( patriotic 
endeavor4 ,! c>e ( ! body is a patriotic
 ex]cise 9 t x promotes heal? & vigor1 &
 ^! und]lie effici5cy4 ,any?+ %ort (    
effici5cy is unpatriotic because x      
am\nts to a subtraction f ! possible be/
 t may be done to advance ! int]e/s (   
society4 ,! %iftless man is n a patriot1
 nor yet ! man :o en]vates 8 body by    
practices t r5d] him less ?an effici5t4 
,! intemp]ate man may %\t lu/ily at     
sight ( ! flag1 b 8 noise only proclaims
 8 lack ( real patriotism4 ,an hone/    
day's "w w\ld r$\nd f> m to ! glory ( 8 
c\ntry ?an 8 noisy prote/ations4 ,see+ t
 beh9d e delib]ate action !re lies a    
motive1 ! high] ! motive ! m noble w be 
! action4 ,if1 !n1 we c a*ieve temp]ance
 ?r\gh ! motive ( patriotism1 society w 
be ! b5efici>y1 n only ( temp]ance      
itself1 b also ( _m concomitant b5efits4
  ,temp]ance4--,temp]ance may be induc$1
 ( c\rse1 ?r\gh ! motives ( economy1    

good heal?1 & ! l1 b ! motive (         
patriotism includes all ^! &1 !re=e1 /&s
 at ! summit4 ,wa/e1 9 :atev] =m1 is    
ev]more unpatriotic4 ,cons]vation is    
patriotism1 :e!r ( natural res\rces1    
human life1 human en]gy1 or "t4 ,!      
intemp]ate man wa/es 8 sub/ance1 8      
en]gies1 8 opportunities1 8             
self-respect1 & 8 moral fib]4 ,v (t51   
too1 he becomes a *>ge ^u society &     
abrogates ! "r ( 8 family to live       
com=tably & agreeably4 ,h5ce1 he mu/ be 
acc\nt$ unpatriotic4 ,if all m5 9 our   
c\ntry 7 su* z he1 our l& w\ld be d]id$ 
by ! o!r nations ( ! _w4 ,he br+s 8     
c\ntry into disrepute in/ead ( glorify+ 
x because he does less ?an 8 full %>e 9 
contribut+ to its well-be+4 ,he r5d]s   
himself less ?an a typical ,am]ican &   
br+s reproa* ^u 8 c\ntry in/ead ( honor4
  ,sanitation4--,"o ( ! *ief v>iants ( !
 g5]al subject ( physiology & hygi5e is 
sanitation1 & ?is1 ev5 yet1 af=ds a     
field = aggressive & con/ructive        
patriotism4 ,grime & crime g h& 9 h&2 b1

 z a p1 we h be5 some:at sl[ 9 our      
recognition ( ?is pat5t tru?4           
,patriotism z well z *>ity %\ld beg9 at 
home1 & ! man :o pr(esses a love = 8    
c\ntry %\ld make t "p ( 8 c\ntry :i* he 
calls 8 home s sanit>y & s attractive t 
x w atte/ ! s9c]ity ( 8 pr(ession4 ,if  
he loves 8 c\ntry s9c]ely1 he mu/ love 8
 back y>d1 & :at he really loves he w   
c>e =4 ,x does him no cr$it to h ! flag 
float+ above a home t proclaims 8       
%iftlessness4 ,8 feel+ = sanitation1    
attractiv5ess1 & "r conditions z t\*+ 8 
own home surr\nd+s w exp& until x       
includes 8 neighborhood1 8 c\nty1 8     
,/ate1 & 8 entire c\ntry4  ,a typical   
patriot4--,a typical patriot is ! busy1 
intellig5t1 frugal1 cultur$ h\sewife ^: 
home is h] k+dom & :o uses h] p[]s to   
make t k+dom glori\s4 ,%e regrets nei!r 
! "t nor ! ef=t t is requir$ to make h] 
home clean1 arti/ic1 & com=table4 ,%e   
places ^u x ! /amp ( h] "*1 indu/ry1 &  
good ta/e4 ,%e supplies x ) ?+s t       
delight ! s5ses & po9t ! way to culture4

 ,to su* a home ! crude & ! biz>re are a
 pr(anation4 ,%e adm9i/]s h] home z a   
sacr$ tru/ 9 ! int]e/s ( h] family &    
nev] = exhibition purposes4 ,h] home is 
an expression ( h]self1 & h] *ildr5 w   
c>ry into life ! /&>ds t %e inculcates  
?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! home4 ,life is bett] =
 ! family & = ! community because h]    
home is :at x is1 &1 9 consequ5ce1 h]   
patriotism is f>-rea*+ 9 its influ5ce4  
,if all homes 7 su* z ?is1 our c\ntry   
w\ld be exploit$ z repres5t+ ! highe/   
plane ( civilization ! _w has yet       
atta9$4 ,! vitaliz$ tea*] is con/antly  
/riv+ to h ?is /&>d ( home & home life  
become ! /&>d ( h] pupils4  ,mulb]ry    
,b5d4--,9 /rik+ contra/ ) ?is home are  
conditions 9 ,mulb]ry ,b5d1 ,new ,york1 
z describ$ by a writ] ?or\ghly conv]sant
 ) conditions z !y 7 until              
rec5tly--conditions1 h[ev]1 n[ mu*      
bett]$3 ,^! alleys1 runn+ f n[h]e to    
n[h]e1 alongside cell>s :]e ! light nev]
 ent]s & :]e no?+ c live b bea/-m5 &    
bea/-wom5 & rats2 beh9d f\l rook]ies :]e

 skulk ! murd]] & ! ab&on$ tramp2 beside
 hide\s plague-spots :]e ! /5* is       
ov]p[]+--,bottle ,alley1 :]e !          
rag-pick]s pile _! bags ( /9k+ /uff1 & !
 ,:yo ,roo/ :]e evil-visag$ be+s pr[l   
ab\t1 hunt+ = prey2 doz5s ( alleys w9d+ 
9 & out & int]sect+1 s t ! bea/ may slay
 8 prey1 & hide 9 ! jungle1 & be safe2  
^! f\l alleys--:o %all picture !m1 or   
explore _! dep?s1 or describe _!        
wret*$ness & _! hide\sness8444 ,^u !    
door/eps we>y mo!rs are nurs+ little    
babies :o w nev] "k ! mean+ ( innoc5t   
*ildhood1 b w be v]s$ 9 ! immoral lore (
 ! ,und]world be=e !y le>n _! alphabet4 
,ragg$ *ildr5 cov]$ ) fil? play ab\t !  
pu%c>ts & ! horses 9 ! /reet1 :ile _!   
mo!rs *att] 9 greasy doorways1 or %\t f 
upp] w9d[s into ! hordes bel[1 or clatt]
 ab\t creaky floors1 prep>+ ! f\l mess (
 ta9t$ edibles :i* con/itutes a meal4   
,) _m o!r phases ( ?is gruesome picture 
?is au?or deals1 & !n concludes ) !     
foll[+3 ,b 9 ! rook]ies :i*1 l _!       
inmates1 skulk & hide out ( sight 9 !   

cr[d$ /reet2 9 ^! ram%ackle /ructures   
:i* l9e ! back alleys1 & !re bre$ _!    
human v]m9 amid dirt & rags--9 ^! !re is
 no direct sunlight ?r\gh\t ! long ye>4 
,rook]ies close to ! front w9d[s1 %utt+ 
out light & air1 & rook]ies close to !  
re> w9d[s1 & rook]ies close to ea* side1
 & nev] a brea? ( fre% air to v5tilate  
"o ( ^! holes :]e9 m5 & wom5 & *ildr5   
wall[ 9 dirt1 & live & fight & dr9k &   
die1 & f9ally give way to o!rs ( _! k9d4
 ,s long z su* conditions z ^! cont9ue 9
 our c\ntry1 sanitation z a manife/ation
 ( patriotism w n h done its p]fect "w1 
& ! />s & /ripes ( our flag w lack      
some:at ( _! rightful lu/]4  ,patriotism
 9 daily life4--,:5 ! influ5ces ( hygi5e
 & ( home economics1 taught z life      
processes & n m]ely z pr]equisites =    
graduation1 by tea*]s :o reg>d !m z =ms 
( patriotism1--:5 ^! influ5ces h        
p]colat$ to e nook & cranny ( our       
national life1--to ! homes1 ! /reets &  
alleys1 ! f>ms1 ! %ops1 ! factories1 & !
 m9es1 su* conditions z ^! w disappe>1 &

 we z a nation %all !n h a cle>] w>rant 
= our pr(ession ( patriotic int]e/ 9 &  
devotion to ! welf>e ( our c\ntry z a   
:ole4 ,b s long z we c look ^u insanit>y
 conditions )\t a %udd]2 s long z we    
p]mit dirt to bre$ disease & crime2 s   
long z we make our /reams ! dump+ places
 = debris2 s long z we tol]ate ugl9ess  
:]e beauty %\ld obta92 & s long z our   
homes & our f>ms betray ! _s (          
%iftlessness1--s long %all we h occasion
 to blu% :5 we look at our flag &       
confess our d]eliction ( our high       
privilege ( patriotism4  ,! ,am]ican    
re/aurant4--,p]haps no s+le detail ( !  
cu/oms t obta9 9 our c\ntry impresses a 
cultivat$ =eign] m unfavorably ?an !    
regime 9 our popul> re/aurants4 ,!      
noise1 ! rattle & clatt] & bang1 !      
rauc\s call+ ( ord]s1 & ! hurry &       
confusion give him ! impression t we are
 cont5t to h fe$+ places :]e we might h 
eat+ places4 ,he reg>ds all t he sees & 
he>s z be+ less ?an prop] decorum1 less 
?an a high /&>d ( intellig5ce1 less ?an 

ref9$ cultivation1 & less ?an ag5cies t 
contribute to ! graces ( life4 ,he      
m>vels t we h n yet atta9$ ! conception 
t p>tak+ ( food am\nts to a graci\s &   
delightful c]emony r ?an a ga/ronomic   
orgy4 ,8 surprise is n limit$ to ! p :o 
adm9i/] ^! e/abli%m5ts1 b ext5ds to ! p 
:o patronize !m4 ,he m>vels t ! patrons 
d n seek out places :]e !re is quiet1 & 
s]5ity1 & pleas+ decorum4 ,he returns to
 8 own l& wond]+ if ! noisy re/aurant is
 typical ( ,am]ican civilization4 ,he   
may n "k t ! /udy ( dome/ic sci5ce 9 our
 s*ools has n _h "t to atta9 its full   
fruition 9 ! way ( inculcat+ a l(ty     
conception ( life 9 ! d9+ room4  ,?rift 
z patriotism4--,ano!r important phase ( 
patriotism is ?rift2 & "h1 aga91 we h   
come %ort ( realiz+ our possibilities4  
,!re are f> too _m p :o h fail$ to lay 9
 /ore aga9/ times ( em]g5cy1 f> too _m  
:o c>e only = to-day ) slight reg>d =   
to-morr[4 ,moreov]1 !re are f> too _m   
:o1 despite s\nd bodies1 are dep5d5ts1  
contribut+ no?+ to ! res\rces ( society1

 b con/antly prey+ ^u ^? res\rces4 ,!re 
are 9 our c\ntry n few] ?an "o hundr$   
?\s& tramps1 & by "s ! numb] has be5    
e/imat$ at a half-million4 ,if ?is va/  
army ( dep5d5ts c\ld be transf]r$ to !  
ranks ( produc]s1 till+ our fields1     
h>ve/+ our crops1 con/ruct+ our highways
 ( travel1 r$eem+ our wa/e places1 &    
beautify+ our /reams1 life w\ld be f> m 
agreeable bo? = !m & = ! re/ ( our p4   
,!y w\ld become self-support+ & s w\ld  
w9 self-respect2 !y w\ld subtract _!    
numb] f ! numb] ( ^? :o live at public  
exp5se2 & !y w\ld make contributions to 
! g5]al /ore4 ,!y w\ld ?us relieve      
society ( ! incubus ( _! dep5d5ce1 &    
l>gely increase ! numb] ( our p :o are  
self-support+4  ,"s contra/s4--,we are  
mak+ "s progress 9 ! l9e ( ?rift ?r\gh  
our s*ool sav+s & po/al sav+s1 b we h n 
yet atta9$ to a national conception (   
?rift z an elem5t ( patriotism4 ,?is is 
"o ( ! l>ge yet inspir+ privileges ( !  
vitaliz$ s*ool4 ,?rift is s intimately  
id5tifi$ ) life t !y naturally comb9e 9 

our ?9k+1 & we h only to rea* !         
conception t our mode ( life is !       
measure ( our patriotism 9 ord] to      
realize t ?rift & patriotism are 9 l>ge 
measure id5tical4 ,! indu/ri\s1 frugal1 
?rifty man is patriotic2 ! un?rifty1    
lazy1 %iftless man is unpatriotic4 ,! "o
 ennobles & honors 8 c\ntry2 ! o!r      
di%onors & degrades 8 c\ntry4           
,conclusion4--,if ! =ego+ conclusions   
are valid1 & to e ?\ghtful p]son !y mu/ 
seem well-nigh axiomatic1 !n ! s*ool has
 a wide field ( usefulness 9 ! way (    
inculcat+ a l(ti] & broad] conception ( 
patriotism4 ,! tea*] :o wor?ily fills h]
 place 9 ! vitaliz$ s*ool w give ! boys 
& girls 9 h] c>e su* a conception (     
patriotism z w give direction1 pot5cy1 &
 significance to e s*ool activity & lift
 ^! activities out ( ! realm ( drudg]y  
into ! realm ( privilege4 ,h] pupils w  
be made to feel t :at !y are do+ =      
!mselves1 _! s*ool1 & _! homes1 !y are  
do+ = ! honor & glory ( _! c\ntry4      
,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4 ,9 :at   

ways & to :at ext5t %\ld patriotism     
affect conduct8  #b4 ,indicate me?ods 9 
:i* patriotism may be us$ z an inc5tive 
to excel 9 ! diff]5t bran*es ( /udy4    
#c4 ,:at bran*es ( /udy %\ld h = _! sole
 function to /imulate ! gr[? (          
patriotism8 ,discuss me?ods & give      
in/ances4  #d4 ,di/+ui% f patriotism ea*
 ( ! foll[+ c\nt]feits3 sectionalism2   
p>tisan%ip2 nationalism2 & j+oism4 ,%\ld
 tea*]s try to eradicate or sublimate ^!
 s5tim5ts8 ,h[8  #e4 ,:at %\ld be !     
attitude ( ! tea*] ( hi/ory t[>d        
,commodore ,decatur's toa/3 ,my c\ntry1 
may %e always be 9 ! "r2 b "r or wrong1 
my c\ntry8  #f4 ,cite rec5t hi/ory to   
prove t temp]ance & sanitation are      
necess>y = ! realization ( national     
victories & ! p]petuation ( ! common    
welf>e4  #g4 ,is ! ,gold5 ,rule a vital 
pr9ciple ( patriotism8 ,:y8  #h4 ,h[ are
 culture & ref9em5t relat$ to           
patriotism8 ?rift8  #i4 ,make a li/ (   
songs1 poems1 novels1 pa9t+s1 & orations
 t are *>act]iz$ by l(ty patriotic      

s5tim5ts4 ,"n "s t are usually reg>d$ z 
patriotic b :i* are ta9t$ ) inf]ior     
s5tim5ts4  #aj4 ,discuss ! adaptability 
( ^! to ! diff]5t p]iods ( y\?ful       
developm5t & ! me?ods :]eby _! appeal   
may be made mo/ effective4     ,,*apt]  
,,ix  ,,"w ,,& ,,life   ,tom            
,sawy]4--,tom ,sawy] 0 "o ( ! mo/       
effective tea*]s t has figur$ 9 ! pages 
( ! books2 & yet we /ill reg>d ,m>k     
,twa9 z m]ely ! pr9ce ( humori/s4 ,he 0 
t1 ( c\rse1 b mu* m2 & "s day we %all   
read 8 books 9 que/ ( p$agogical wisdom 
& %all n be disappo9t$4 ,x w be recall$ 
t ,tom ,sawy] sat on ! top ( a b>rel &  
mun*$ apples :ile 8 boy companions      
:itewa%$ ! f5ce 9 8 /ead4 ,tom a*iev$   
?is triumph because he knew h[ to       
emancipate "w f ! plane ( drudg]y &     
exalt x to ! plane ( a privilege4       
,inde$1 x loom$ s l>ge z a privilege t !
 o!r boys 7 eag] to b>t] ! treasures (  
_! pockets 9 ex*ange = ?is privilege4 ,&
 nev] did a f5ce receive su* a :itewa%+6
 ,!re wasn't f5ce en\gh &1 !re=e1 !     

process mu/ ne$s be repeat$ aga9 & aga94
 ,! be/ "p ( ! entire episode 0 t       
ev]ybody 0 happy1 ,tom includ$4 ,tom 0  
happy 9 see+ 8 plan "w1 & ! o!r boys 7  
happy because !y 7 do+ "w t ,tom _h     
caus$ !m to become eag] to d4  ,"w z a  
privilege4--,to make "w seem a privilege
 is a wor?y task = ! s*ool to set be=e  
itself1 & if x b a*ieves ?is x w prove  
itself wor? all x co/s4 ,at fir/ ?\ght1 
x seems a /up5d\s task1 & s x is4 ,b    
,tom ,sawy] accompli%$ x 9 an easy1     
natural way1 ) no p>ade or bomba/4 ,he  
_h habit & tradition to cont5d aga9/1 j 
z ! s*ool has1 b he ov]bore ^! ob/acles 
& won ! conte/4 ,"s ( ^? boys1 be=e t   
morn+1 may h ?\ght x ignoble to p]=m    
m5ial tasks2 b ,tom soon ov]came t feel+
 & l$ !m to feel t only an arti/ c      
:itewa% a f5ce prop]ly4 ,"s ( !m may h  
be5 int]pret+ life z hav+ a good "t1 b1 
"u ! tutorage ( ,tom1 !y soon came to   
feel t hav+ a good "t means :itewa%+ a  
f5ce4  ,! p]si/5cy ( habit4--,9 /riv+ to
 exalt & ennoble "w1 ! s*ool runs c\nt] 

to habits ( ?\ght t h be5 =m$ 9 ! home1 
& ^! habits prove /ubborn4 ,! home has s
 long impos$ "w z a task t ! s*ool f9ds 
x difficult to make x seem a privilege4 
,! fa!r & "m h s (t5 compla9$ ( _! "w1 9
 ! pres5ce ( _! *ildr51 t all "w comes  
to assume ! aspect ( a h>d%ip1 if n a   
p5alty4 ,x (t5 happ5s1 too1 t ! p>5ts   
enc\rage _! *ildr5 to ?9k t education   
af=ds immunity f "w1 & ! *ildr5 att5d   
s*ool ) t notion firmly implant$ 9 _!   
m9ds4 ,!y seem to ?9k t :5 !y h a*iev$  
an education !y w receive _! rew>d 9 !  
*oice/ gifts t ,=tune has to be/[1 & t  
_! only responsibility w be to indicate 
_! *oices4  ,misconceptions ( "w4--,/ill
 fur!r1 :5 *ildr5 ent] s*ool imbu$ ) ?is
 conception ( "w1 !y feel t ! "w ( !    
s*ool is impos$ ^u !m z a task f :i* !y 
w\ld fa9 be free4 ,if _! p>5ts _h only  
be5 z wise z ,tom ,sawy] & _h set up    
motives be=e !m 9 connection ) _! home  
activities & ?us exalt$ all _! "w to !  
plane ( privilege1 ! "w ( ! s*ool w\ld  
be greatly simplifi$4 ,x is no slight   

task to eradicate ?is misconception (   
"w1 b someh[ x mu/ be done be=e ! "w ( !
 s*ool c get on4 ,until ?is is done1 !  
"w ( ! s*ool w be done grudg+ly in/ead (
 buoyantly1 & "w t is done "u compulsion
 is nev] joy\s "w4 ,nor w "w t is done  
"u compulsion ev] be done 9 full        
measure1 z ! days ( slav]y cle>ly prove4
  ,illu/rations4--,life & "w are        
synonym\s1 & no am\nt or =m ( sophi/ry c
 abrogate _! relation4 ,! man :o does n 
"w does n h real life1 z ! invalid w    
freely witness4 ,! tramp on ! highway   
manages to exi/1 b he does n really     
live1 no matt] :at 8 philosophy may be4 
,_m *ildr5 int]pret life to mean pl5ty (
 money & no?+ to d1 b ?is conception    
m]ely proves t !y are *ildr5 ) *ildi%   
misconceptions4 ,!y see ! railway       
magnate rid+ 9 8 private c> & conceive 8
 life to be "o ( ease & luxury4 ,!y d n 
realize t ! private c> af=ds him !      
opportunity to d m & bett] "w4 ,!y see !
 presid5t ( ! bank sitt+ 9 8 private    
(fice & imag9e t he is idle1 n realiz+ t

 8 m9d is busy ) problems ( great       
magnitude1 problems t w\ld appall 8     
subord9ates4 ,!y _c "k1 z he sits !re1 t
 he is project+ 8 ?\ghts into f>-(f l&s1
 & is wat*+ ! manifold & complex        
processions ( comm]ce 9 _! relations to 
! _w ( f9ance4  ,concrete examples4--,!y
 see ! ar*itect 9 8 luxuri\s ap>tm5ts1 b
 d n realize t 8 bra9 is direct+ e      
movem5t ( a ?\s& m5 :o are caus+ a      
colossal build+ to t[] t[>d ! sky4 ,!y  
see a ,grant sitt+ b5ea? a tree 9 app>5t
 unconc]n1 b d n "k t he is be>+ !      
responsibility ( ! movem5ts ( a va/     
army4 ,!y see ! pa/or 9 8 /udy among 8  
books1 b d n "k ! travail ( _s t he     
exp]i5ces 9 8 ye>n+ = 8 p>i%ion]s4 ,!y  
see ! f>m] sitt+ at ease 9 ! %ade1 b d n
 "k t he is visualiz+ e detail ( 8 f>m1 
! m5 at _! tasks1 ! flocks & h]ds1 !    
crops1 ! /reams1 ! ma*9]y1 ! f5ces1 & ! 
or*>ds & v9ey>ds4 ,!y see ! ma/] ( !    
%ip1 /&+ on ! bridge clad 9 8 sm>t      
uni=m1 & imag9e t he is m]ely enjoy+ !  
sea breezes ! same z !mselves1 n kn[+ t 

8 ?\ghts are conc5trat$ ^u ! safety ( 8 
hundr$s ( pass5g]s & 8 preci\s c>go4  ,!
 pot5cy ( m5tal "w4--,only by exp]i5ce  
may *ildr5 come to "k t "w may be m5tal 
z well z physical1 & ! s*ool is *>g$ ) !
 responsibility ( af=d+ ?is exp]i5ce4   
,?r\gh exp]i5ce !y w come to "k t m9d   
transc5ds matt]1 & t 9 life ! body      
yields ob$i5ce to ! behe/s ( ! m9d4 ,!y 
w come to "k t m5tal "w is m f>-rea*+   
?an physical "w1 9 t a s+le m9d plans ! 
"w = a ?\s& h&s4 ,!y w le>n t m5tal "w  
has r$eem$ ! _w f its primitive         
condition & is mak+ life m agreeable ev5
 if m complex4 ,!y w come to see ! m9d  
busy 9 its "w ( tunnel+ m\nta9s1 build+ 
canals & railways1 navigat+ oceans1 &   
explor+ ! sky4 ,!y w come to realize t  
m5tal "w has produc$ our libr>ies1      
design$ our ma*9]y1 made our homes m    
com=table & our fields m f]tile4  ,"w a 
bless+4--,z a k ( all ^! ?+s filt]s into
 _! m9ds1 _! conception ( life broad5s1 
& !y see m & m cle>ly t life & "w are   
fundam5tally id5tical4 ,!y see t "w     

directs ! /reams ( life & gives to life 
po9t1 pot5cy1 & significance4 ,!y soon  
see t k is p[] only because x is ! ag5cy
 t g5]ates p[]1 & t k t\*es life at e   
po9t4 ,!y w come to realize t "w is ! "o
 great luxury 9 life1 & t education is  
design$ to increase ! capacity = "w 9   
ord] t p may indulge 9 ?is luxury m     
abundantly4 ,! m "w "o c d1 ! m life "o 
has2 & ! bett] ! "w "o c d1 ! high] !   
quality ( t life4 ,!y le>n t ! adage ,"w
 to live & live to "w is no fiction b a 
reality4  ,"w & enjoym5t4--,! s*ool1    
!re=e1 becomes to !m a work%op ( life1 &
 unless x is t1 x is n a wor?y s*ool4 ,x
 is n a some?+ deta*$ f life1 b1 r1 an  
integral "p ( life & !re=e a place & an 
occasion = "w4 ,! s*ool is ! ,burn+ ,bu%
 ( "w t is to gr[ into ! ,tree ( ,life4 
,b life ought to teem ) joy 9 ord] to be
 at its be/1 & nev] be a drag4 ,"w1     
!re=e1 be+ synonym\s ) life1 %\ld be a  
joy\s exp]i5ce1 ev5 ?\gh x taxes ! p[]s 
to ! utmo/4 ,if ! *ild comes to ! "w ( !
 s*ool z ! galley-slave goes to 8 task1 

!re is a lack ( adju/m5t & balance      
some:]e1 & a readju/m5t is necess>y4 ,x 
matt]s n t a boy sp5ds two h\rs ov] a   
problem 9 ari?metic if only he enjoys   
himself dur+ ! "t4 ,b1 if he works two  
h\rs m]ely to get a pass+ grade or to   
escape puni%m5t1 ! "t ?us sp5t does n   
af=d him ! pleasure t rightfully belongs
 to him1 & "s bett] motive %\ld be      
suppli$4  ,! tea*]'s problem4--,!       
tea*]'s mission is n to make s*ool "w   
easy1 b1 r1 to make ! h>de/ "w allur+ & 
agreeable4 ,"h1 aga91 %e may ne$ to take
 c\nsel ) ,tom ,sawy]4 ,:itewa%+ a f5ce 
is q z h>d "w z solv+ a problem 9       
decimals or cube root4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ! 
m5tal attitude ( ! boy1 & ?is 9 turn    
dep5ds ^u ! skill ( ! tea*] & h]        
f]tility ( m9d 9 supply+ motives4       
,:itewa%+ a f5ce causes ! arms to gr[   
we>y & ! back to a*e1 b ! boys reck$ n (
 t4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y clamor$ = m ( !   
same k9d ( "w4 ,?is same _s *>act]izes !
 "w ( ! vitaliz$ s*ool4 ,! pupils live z
 joy\sly 9 ! s*oolroom z !y d outside1 &

 ! h>d] ! "w ! great] _! joy4  ,:5 "w is
 made a privilege by ! exp]t tea*]1     
s*ool proc$ure becomes well-nigh        
automatic & !re is nev] any occasion =  
nagg+1 hector+1 or badg]+4 ,su* ?+s are 
abnormal 9 life & no less s 9 ! vitaliz$
 s*ool4 ,!y are a confession on ! "p ( !
 tea*] t %e has rea*$ ! limit ( h]      
res\rces4 ,%e admits t %e _c d :at ,tom 
,sawy] did s well1 & s proclaims h]     
inability to articulate life & "w       
effectively4   ,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises
  #a4 ,read t *apt] ( ,tom ,sawy] :i*   
deals ) ! :itewa%+ episode4  #b4 ,:at   
pr9ciples ( tea*+ did ,tom ,sawy] apply8
  #c4 ,discuss1 f ! pupils' viewpo9t1 h[
 ! /udy ( diff]5t subjects may be made a
 privilege4  #d4 ,9 accordance ) ,tom   
,sawy] p$agogy1 discuss plans = !       
=mation ( ! read+ habit 9 pupils4 ,h[   
direct ! pupils' *oice ( read+ matt]8   
#e4 ,h[ w\ld y demon/rate to pupils t   
m5tal "w is m exhau/+ ?an manual labor8 
#f4 ,:y is "w a bless+8 ,h[ conv9ce an  
indol5t pupil ( ?is tru?8  #g4 ,/ate !  

*ief problem ( ! tea*]4  #h4 ,%[ t !    
p$agogical doctr9es ( ?is *apt] are n to
 be classifi$ "u ! head ( s(t p$agogy4  
,,*apt] ,x  ,,words ,,& ,,_! ,,cont5t   
,initial /atem5t4--,life & words are s  
closely int]wov5 t we h only to /udy    
words ) c>e 9 ord] to a*ieve an         
appreh5sion ( life4 ,inde$1 education   
may be def9$ z ! process ( enl>g+ !     
cont5t ( words4 ,no two ( u speak ! same
 language ev5 ?\gh we use ! same words4 
,! s*oolboy & ! savant speak (          
education1 us+ ! same ^w1 b ! boy has   
only ! fa9te/ conception ( ! mean+ ( !  
^w z us$ by ! savant4 ,we mu/ "k !      
cont5t ( ! words t are us$ be=e we c    
und]/& "o ano!r1 ei!r 9 speak+ or 9     
writ+4 ,= "o man1 a ^w is big ) mean+2 =
 ano!r1 ! same ^w is s small z to be    
well-nigh mean+less4 ,to ! ignorant     
boor1 ! ^w education means f> less ?an !
 ?ree ,r's1 :ile to ! s*ol> ! ^w        
includes languages1 anci5t & mod]n1     
ma!matics ?r\gh _m volumes1 sci5ces t   
analyze ! dewdrop1 det]m9e ! weight ( ! 

e>? & ! di/ances & movem5ts ( ! planets1
 hi/ory f ! ,rosetta ,/one to ! late/   
presid5tial election1 & philosophy f    
,plato to ! s*ol> ( to-day4  ,! ^w      
education4--,& yet bo? ^! m5 spell &    
pron\nce ! ^w alike4 ,! ignorant man has
 only ! fa9te/ glimm]+ ( ! s*ol>'s mean+
 ( ! ^w :5 he speaks or writes x4 ,/ill 
! ^w is 9 common use1 & p :o use x are  
wont to ?9k t _! conception ( its mean+ 
is univ]sal4 ,if ! boor c\ld foll[ !    
expansion ( ! ^w z x is inve/$ ) great] 
& great] cont5t1 he w\ld1 9 "t1 und]/&  
,ari/otle1 ,%akespe>e1 ,glad/one1 & ,max
 ,muell]4 ,&1 und]/&+ ^! m51 he w\ld    
come to "k philosophy1 lit]ature1 &     
language1 & s w\ld come to appreciate m 
fully :at education really is4 ,9       
contemplat+ ! expansion ( ! ^w1 "o might
 easily visualize ! ev] wid5+ circle    
produc$ by ?r[+ a pebble into a pool2 b 
a bett] conception w\ld be ! expansion (
 a balloon :5 x is be+ inflat$4 ,?is    
comp>ison enables "o to realize t       
education enl>ges z a sph]e r ?an z a   

circle4  ,! s*ol>'s concept ( ! sea4--,!
 six-ye>-old c give ! correct spell+ ( !
 ^w sea z readily z ! sage1 b ! sage has
 sp5t a lifetime 9 putt+ cont5t into !  
^w4 ,= him1 ! ^w epitomizes 8 life      
hi/ory4 ,?r\gh its magic lead+ he       
retraces 8 j\rneys ?r\gh physiography & 
geology1 wat*+ ! sea we> away two ?\s&  
feet ( ! ,appala*ian ,m\nta9s & spread !
 detritus ov] va/ areas1 mak+ ! great   
f]tile corn & :eat belt ( our c\ntry4   
,he kn[s t ?is section produces1        
annually1 su* a quantity ( corn z w\ld  
require = transportation a procession ( 
teams t w\ld encircle ! e>? n9e times1  
at ! equator1 & he int]prets all ?is z  
sea4 ,! ^w leads him1 also1 ?r\gh !     
mazes & my/]ies ( meteorology1 reveal+  
to him ! orig9 ( ! ra91 ! sn[1 ! dew1 & 
! fro/1 ) all ! wond]s ( evaporation1   
cond5sation1 & precipitation4  ,fur!r   
illu/ration4--,he c disc]n ! sea 9 e    
blade ( grass1 9 e leaf1 & 9 e fl[]4 ,9 
! composition ( 8 own body1 he f9ds t   
n9ety p] c5t ( x is sea4 ,he f9ds 8 he>t

 pump+ ! sea ?r\gh 8 ve9s & art]ies z a 
vital "p ( ! life process2 & ?r\gh ! p[]
 ( capill>y attraction1 ! sea is c\rs+  
?r\gh e hair ( 8 head4 ,9 ! food ^u 8   
table1 ! meat1 ! bread1 ! milk1 !       
vegetables1 & ! fruits1 he f9ds ! sea4  
,n 8 poetry1 b 8 sci5ce foll[s ! ra9drop
 f ! ro( to ! rivulet1 on to ! riv]1 !n 
to ! ocean1 !n into vapor & on into ra9 
d[n into ! e>?1 !n up into ! tree1 out  
into ! orange1 until x f9ally reappe>s z
 a drop ( juice ^u ! rosy lip ( 8 little
 six-ye>-old4  ,! *ild's                
conception4--,:e!r ! *ild ev] w9s ! l>ge
 conception ( ! sea t h] fa!r has       
dep5ds1 9 "p1 ^u ! fa!r himself1 b1 9 a 
/ill l>g] degree1 ^u h] tea*]4 ,if !    
tea*] ?9ks ( ! sea m]ely z a ^w to be   
spell$1 or def9$1 or p>s$1 t %e may     
inscribe m>ks 9 a grade book or on      
report c>ds1 !n ! *ild w nev] "k ! sea z
 h] fa!r kn[s x1 unless ?is k comes to  
h] f s\rces outside ! s*ool4 ,in/ead (  
becom+ a liv+ ?+ & ! s\rce ( life1 h]   
sea w be a des]t )\t oasis1 or grass1 or

 tree1 or bird1 or bubbl+ spr+ to refre%
 & inspire4 ,x w\ld seem a sad comm5t>y 
^u our tea*+ if ! *ild is compell$ to   
ga9 a "r conception ( ! sea outside !   
s*ool & 9 spite ( ! s*ool1 r ?an ?r\gh &
 by means ( ! s*ool4  ,! que/ ( tea*] & 
*ild4--,! vitaliz$ tea*] kn[s ! sea z ! 
sage kn[s x1 & c infuse h] conception   
into ! consci\sness ( ! *ild4 ,%e feels 
x to be h] high privilege to lead ! *ild
 on 9 que/ ( ! sea & to f9d1 9 ?is que/1
 pulsat+ life4 ,9 ?is allur+ que/1 %e is
 putt+ cont5t into ! ^w1 & ?us discov]+1
 by exp]i5ce1 :at life is4 ,?is is      
education4 ,?is is ! invit+ vi/a t      
/ret*es out be=e ! eyes ( ! *ild "u !   
spell & lead]%ip ( su* a tea*]4 ,9 _!   
que/ = ! mean+ ( ! sea1 ^! companions1 !
 *ild & ! tea*]1 w come ^u ! fields (   
gra91 ! or*>ds1 ! flocks & h]ds1 ! %ips1
 ! tra9s1 & ! :ole intricate _w (       
comm]ce4 ,!y w f9d comm]ce to be a      
manife/ation ( ! sea & moreov] a big    
factor 9 life4 ,x w mean f> m ?an m]e   
c>s to be c\nt$ or c>goes to be e/imat$ 

9 ! =m ( problems = ! class 9 ari?metic4
 ,! c>goes ( gra9 t !y see leav+ ! port 
mean food = ! hungry 9 o!r l&s1 & ! joy 
& vigor t only food c give4  ,! sea z   
life4--,at e turn ( _! ramifi$ j\rney1  
^! le>n]s f9d life &1 be/ ( all1 are    
hav+ a ri* exp]i5ce 9 life1 ?r\gh\t !   
j\rney4 ,!y are imm]s$ 9 life & s are   
absorb+ life all ! :ile4 ,wid] & wid]   
becomes _! conception ( life z          
exemplifi$ by ! sea1 & _! capacity =    
life is ev] increas+4 ,day by day !y    
asc5d to high] levels & f9d _! horizon  
rec$+ f>!r & f>!r4 ,= !m1 life enl>ges  
until x embraces all l&s1 ! arts1 !     
sci5ces1 ! languages1 & all hi/ory4     
,:e!r !y pursue ! sea into ! m\nta9s2 to
 ! /eppes1 plateaus1 or pampas2 to !    
palace or ! hovel2 to ! tropics or !    
poles1--!y f9d x ev]more repres5t+ life4
  ,! ^w automobile4--,x w\ld seem to be 
q possible to con/ruct a twelve-ye>     
c\rse ( /udy bas$ ^u ?is sort ( /udy (  
words & _! cont5t ) special emphasis ^u 
! cont5t4 ,s9ce life is cont]m9\s ) !   

cont5t ( ! words t con/itute "o's       
vocabul>y1 x is evid5t t ! cont5t (     
words becomes ( major importance 9 !    
s*eme ( education4 ,to be able to spell 
! ^w automobile w n c>ry a "y man v f> 9
 8 ef=ts to qualify z a *auffeur1       
important ?\gh ! spell+ may be4 ,z a m]e
 beg9n+1 ! spell+ is ess5tial1 b x is n 
en\gh4 ,/ill ! *ild ?9ks t 8 education1 
s f> z ?is ^w is conc]n$1 is complete :5
 he c spell x correctly1 & c>ry home a  
p]fect grade4 ,no "o w employ ! "y man z
 a driv] until he has put cont5t into ! 
^w1 & ?is requires "t & h>d "w4 ,he mu/ 
"k ! me*anism ( ! ma*9e1 9 e detail1 & !
 articulation ( all its p>ts4 ,he mu/ be
 able to locate tr\ble on ! in/ant & be 
able to apply ! rem$y4 ,he mu/ be       
s5sitive to e slighte/ s\nd t indicates 
imp]fect function+4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1      
c>ries f> beyond ! m]e spell+ ( ! ^w1 b 
all ?is is ess5tial to ! safety ( 8     
pass5g]s4  ,etymology4--,etymology has  
its place1 ( c\rse1 9 ! /udy ( words1 b 
x /ops %ort ( ! goal4 ,x may be well to 

take ! wat* ap>t 9 ord] to make an      
exam9ation ( its p>ts1 b until x is     
recon/itut$ & set go+1 x is useless z a 
wat*4 ,s ) a ^w4 ,we may give its       
etymology & rhapsodize ov] its p>ts1 b  
?us analyz$ x is an in]t ?+ & really    
inane s f> z real s]vice is conc]n$4 ,if
 ^w /udy does n c>ry beyond ! m]e       
analysis1 x is futile z a real educative
 process4 ,to be really effective1 ! ^w 
mu/ be in/9ct ) life & busy 9 ! affairs 
( life1 & n a m]e specim5 9 a museum4   
,too (t5 our "w 9 etymology seems to be 
consid]$ an end 9 itself1 r ?an a means 
to an end4  ,! ^w 9 use4--,arlo ,bates  
says t ! ^w highly 9 ! ,gettysburg      
,spee* is ! mo/ ornate ^w 9 ! language 9
 ! sett+ t ,l9coln gave x4 ,! m]e/ tyro 
c give its etymology1 b only :5 x 0 set 
to "w by a ma/] did x ga9 pot5cy &      
di/9ction4 ,! etymology ( ! ^w fidelity 
is reasonably easy1 b ?is analysis is   
p[]less to cause ! *ild to ?rill at !   
/ory ( ,casabianca1 or ( ,ru? & ,naomi1 
or ( ,e/h]1 or ,antigone1 or ,cordelia1 

or ,na?an ,hale1 or ! little ,japanese  
girl :o delib]ately bit ?r\gh h] tongue 
t %e might n utt] a syllable t w\ld     
jeop>dize ! int]e/s or safety ( h] fa!r4
 ,! ^w analyz$ is a dead ?+2 ! ^w 9 use 
is a liv+ ?+4 ,! ^w m]ely analyz$ is apt
 to be ephem]al2 ! ^w 9 use is abid+ &  
increas+ly significant4 ,z ! *ild puts m
 & m cont5t into ! ^w1 he1 himself1     
exp&s at ! same rate 9 ! scope & p[] ( 8
 ?9k+4 ,words are ! mat]ials out ( :i*  
he weaves ! fabric ( life1 & ! patt]n   
dep5ds ^u ! cont5t ( 8 words4           
,illu/rations f art4--,! *ild c spell ! 
^w art & c repeat ! words ( ! book by   
way ( a memoriz$ def9ition1 b he _c     
def9e ! ^w ) ev5 a fair degree (        
intellig5ce4 ,he _c "k ! mean+ ( ! ^w   
until its significance becomes          
objectifi$ 9 8 life processes4 ,?is     
requires "t1 & ?\ght1 & exp]i5ces )     
books1 ) p1 & ) gall]ies4 ,9 %ort1 he   
mu/ live art be=e he c def9e ! ^w2 & 8  
liv+ art inve/s ! ^w ) cont5t4 ,! ^w w  
gr[ j z he gr[s 9 8 conception ( art4   

,at fir/1 he may d5om9ate z art ! simple
 little daubs ( pictures t he makes ) ! 
tea*]'s h& guid+ 8 bru%4 ,b1 lat] on1 z 
he ga9s a l>g] conception1 ^! ?+s w     
appe> pu]ile if n silly4 ,! "t may come 
:5 he c read ! ?\ghts ( ! ma/]s z       
express$ 9 _! ma/]pieces4 ,!n1 & only   
!n1 w he be able to def9e ! ^w4  ,mi*ael
 ,angelo4--,at ! age ( fifte51 ,mi*ael  
,angelo wr\ght ! ,mask ( ! ,satyr1 :i*  
w\ld n be consid]$ a "w ( art if t 7 !  
only product ( 8 *isel4 ,:at he did lat]
 0 ! fulfillm5t ( ! prophecy embodi$ 9 !
 ,mask4 ,at ! age ( eighty1 he produc$ !
 ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 :i* glorifies !    
,duomo 9 ,flor5ce4 ,9 betwe5 ^!         
productions1 we f9d 8 ,david1 8 ,moses1 
! ,si/9e ,ceil+1 ) _m o!rs sc>cely less 
notable4 ,he rose to a high] & high]    
conception ( art z he liv$ art m & m    
fully1 & 8 execution kept pace ) !      
expansion ( 8 conception4 ,he gave      
cont5t to ! ^w bo? = himself & = ! _w   
until n[ we associate1 9 our ?9k+1 art )
 8 "n4 ,he himself is n[1 9 l>ge        

measure1 our def9ition ( art--& t       
because he liv$ art4  ,! *ild's         
conception ( tru?4--,9 8 re/rict$       
conception1 ! boy conceives tru? to be !
 m]e abs5ce ( peccadillos4 ,he ?9ks t 8 
d5ial ( ! *>ge t he 0 impolite to 8     
si/]1 or t he w5t on a =ag+ exp$ition to
 ! pantry1 is ! :ole tru? &1 inde$1 all 
!re is to tru?4 ,x requires a :ole      
lifetime to realize ! full magnitude ( 8
 misconception4 ,9 ! vitaliz$ s*ool1 he 
f9ds himself busy all day long try+ to  
f9d answ] to ! "q3 ,:at is ,tru?8 ,9 !  
,alps1 !re is a place call$ ,e*o ,gl5   
:]e a ?\s& rocks1 cliffs1 & crags s5d   
back to ! speak] ! words he utt]s4 ,s1  
:5 ?is boy asks ,:at is ,tru?8 a ?\s&   
voices 9 ! s*ool & outside ! s*ool      
repeat ! "q to him3 ,:at is ,tru?8      
,abraham ,l9coln tri$ to f9d ! answ] z  
he figur$ on ! bit ( bo>d ) a piece (   
*>coal by ! firelight4 ,lat] on1 he     
wrote ! ,emancipation ,proclamation1 & 9
 bo? ex]cises he 0 seek+ = ! mean+ (    
tru?4  ,! "w ( ! s*ool4--,*ri/oph]      

,columbus 0 do+ ! same ?+ 9 8 que/1 &   
?\ght no h>d%ip too great if he c\ld    
only come ^u ! answ]4 ,galileo1 ,huxley1
 ,newton1 ,tyndall1 ,humboldt1 ,d>w91   
,edison1 & ,burbank are only ! s*oolboys
 gr[n l>ge 9 _! se>* = ! mean+ ( tru?4  
,!y h enl>g$ ! cont5t ( ! ^w = u all1 & 
by foll[+ _! lead we may atta9 to _!    
answ]s4 ,e s*ool /udy gives =? a p>tial 
answ]1 & ! sum ( all ^! answ]s          
con/itutes ! answ] :i* ! boy is seek+4  
,ma!matics tells "p ( ! /ory1 b n all ( 
x2 sci5ce tells ano!r "p1 b n all ( x2  
hi/ory tells /ill ano!r "p1 b n all ( x4
 ,h5ce1 x may be reit]at$ t "o ( ! prime
 functions ( ! vitaliz$ s*ool is to     
inve/ words ) ! l>ge/ possible cont5t4  
,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4 ,to :at  
ext5t is education ! process ( enl>g+ ! 
cont5t ( words8  #b4 ,z a concrete      
illu/ration ( ! diff]5ces 9 ! cont5t (  
words1 comp>e v>i\s def9itions (        
education4 ,*oose typical def9itions (  
education to reflect ! ideas ( diff]5t  
educational p]iods4  #c4 ,sugge/ o!r    

me?ods ?an ! use ( ! diction>y = !      
enl>gem5t ( ! pupil's cont5t ( words4   
#d4 ,h[ may words be vitaliz$ 9         
composition8  #e4 ,%\ld ! *ief aim (    
language "w 9 ! grades be =ce1 accuracy1
 or elegance 9 ! use ( language8  #f4   
,add to ! au?or's li/ ( words1 o!r words
 ! cont5t ( :i* may be exp&$ by         
education4  #g4 ,h[ may ! vitaliz$ tea*]
 enc\rage 9 pupils ! =mation ( habits ( 
c>eful diction8  #h4 ,h[ remove         
unnatural /ilt$ words & expressions f ! 
oral & writt5 expressions ( pupils8     
,,*apt] ,,xi  ,,complete ,,liv+   ,! "q 
rais$4--,t education is a prep>ation =  
complete liv+ has be5 quot$ by e tea*]  
:o lays any sort ( claim to ! /&>d      
def9itions4 ,inde$1 s (t5 & s glibly has
 ! quotation be5 made t x is well-nigh  
axiomatic & altoge!r trite4 ,b we /ill  
await any cle> explanation ( :at is     
meant by complete liv+4 ,on ?is po9t we 
are /ill grop+1 ) no prophetic voice to 
tell u ! way4 ,by implication we h _h   
h9ts1 & mu* has be5 said on ! negative  

side1 b ! positive side /ill lies fall[4
 ,:5 ask$ = an explanation1 ^? :o give !
 quotation resort to circumlocution &1  
at l5g?1 give ano!r def9ition (         
education1 app>5tly consci\s ( !        
ma!matical dictum t ?+s t are equal to !
 same ?+ are equal to ea* o!r4 ,s we    
cont9ue to travel 9 a circle1 ) b feeble
 attempts to deviate f ! c\rse4  ,!     
vitaliz$ s*ool an exemplification4--,nor
 w ?is *apt] attempt to resolve !       
difficult situation 9 :i* we are plac$4 
,x is n easy to def9e liv+1 mu* less    
complete liv+4 ,all t is hop$ = "h is to
 br+ ! matt] to ! att5tion ( all tea*]s 
& to cause !m to realize t ! que/ = a   
def9ition ( complete liv+ w be = !m & = 
_! pupils an exhil>at+ exp]i5ce4 ,!     
vitaliz$ s*ool w belie its "n if x does 
n /rive t[>d a solution ( ! difficulty1 
& any s*ool t approximates a            
satisfactory def9ition w be proclaim$ a 
public b5efactor4 ,9 fact1 ! s*ool _c   
lay claim to ! di/9ction ( be+ vitaliz$ 
if x fails to exemplify complete liv+1 9

 "s appreciable degree1 & if x fails to 
groove ?is sort ( liv+ into a habit t w 
p]si/ ?r\gh\t ! ye>s4 ,?is is ! big task
 t ! s*ool mu/ essay if x w\ld          
emancipate itself f ! trammels (        
tradition & become a lead] 9 ! l>g]1    
bett] way4 ,complete liv+ mu/ become !  
ideal ( ! s*ool if x w\ld realize !     
conception ( education ( :i* x is a     
pr(ess$ expon5t4  ,incomplete liv+4--,! 
man :o walks ) a crut*2 ! man :o is     
afflict$ ) a felon2 ! man :o lacks a h& 
or ev5 a f+]1--_c exp]i5ce complete     
liv+4 ,?r\gh ! p[] ( adaptation ! man ) 
a crut* may compass m difficult         
situations ?an ! man ) s\nd legs w      
attempt1 b he _c realize all !          
possibilities ( life t a s\nd body w\ld 
v\*safe to him4 ,! man )\t h&s may le>n 
to write ) 8 toes1 b he is n employ$ z a
 tea*] ( p5man%ip4 ,8 life is a re/rict$
 "o &1 !re=e1 less ?an complete4 ,we    
m>vel at ! exhibitions ( skill display$ 
by ! maim$1 b we feel no envy4 ,we may n
 be able to duplicate _! a*ievem5ts1 b  

we feel t we h ample comp5sation 9 !    
normal use ( our memb]s4 ,we "k         
in/9ctively t1 9 ! solitude ( _!        
m$itations1 !y mu/ exp]i5ce poignant    
regrets t !y are n z o!r p1 & t !y mu/  
pass ?r\gh life "u a h&icap4  ,! s\nd   
body4--,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t s\ndness (
 body is a condition prec$5t to complete
 liv+4 ,! body is ! organism by means ( 
:i* ! m9d & ! _s function 9 t]ms ( life2
 &1 if ?is organism is imp]fect1 !      
function+ w prove less ?an complete4    
,h5ce1 x is ! prov9ce ( ! s*ool to s    
organize all its activities t ! physical
 p[]s ( ! pupils %all be fully cons]v$4 
,! presid5t ( a l>ge univ]sity says t   
dur+ 8 incumb5cy ( sev5te5 ye>s !y h    
f\nd only "o "y woman ( physical        
p]fection & n a s+le "y man1 al?\gh !   
te/s h be5 appli$ to ?\s&s4 ,college    
/ud5ts1 x w be readily conc$$1 are a    
select$ gr\p2 & yet ev5 9 su* a gr\p n a
 physically p]fect "y man 0 f\nd 9 te/s 
ext5d+ ov] sev5te5 ye>s4 ,if a l        
condition %\ld be discov]$ 9 ! scor+ (  

live /ock at our fairs1 !re w\ld ensue a
 c>eful inve/igation ( causes 9 ! hope (
 f9d+ a rem$y4  ,p]sonal effici5cy4--,we
 %all n a*ieve national effici5cy until 
e citiz5 has a*iev$ p]sonal effici5cy1 &
 physical fitness is "o ( ! fundam5tal  
conditions prec$5t to p]sonal effici5cy4
 ,"h we h ! blue pr9t = ! guidance (    
society & ! s*ool4 ,if we are ev] to    
a*ieve national effici5cy1 we mu/ see to
 x t e man & woman1 e boy & girl1 has a 
/rong1 heal?y body t is fully able to   
execute ! behe/s ( m9d & _s4 ,?is may   
require a /rict] c5sor%ip ( m>riage     
lic5ses1 includ+ physical exam9ations2 x
 may require m /r+5t laws on our /atute 
books2 x may require radical *anges 9   
our me?ods ( physical tra9+2 & x may    
require ! /ate to assume "s ( !         
functions ( ! home :5 ! home reveals its
 inability or unwill+ness to cope ) !   
situation4 ,h]oic treatm5t may be       
necess>y2 b until we z a p h ! c\rage to
 apply ! rem$ies t ! diagnosis %[s to be
 necess>y1 we %all look 9 va9 =         

improvem5t4  ,physical tra9+4--,see+ t x
 is s difficult to f9d a man or a woman 
among our p :o has atta9$ physical      
p]fection1 x behooves society & ! s*ools
 to take a critical inv5tory ( _! me?ods
 ( physical tra9+ & _! meag]            
accompli%m5ts z a prelim9>y survey look+
 to a *ange 9 our proc$ure4 ,we seem to 
h delegat$ sci5tific physical tra9+ to  
a?letics & pugilism1 ) b scant conc]n = 
our p z a :ole4 ,if p9k-tea cali/h5ics z
 practic$ mildly 9 our s*ools has fail$ 
to produce robu/ bodies1 !n x is        
incumb5t ^u u to adopt a regime (       
beef/eak4 ,:at ! traditional s*ool has  
fail$ to d ! vitaliz$ s*ool mu/ attempt 
to d or suff] ! humiliation ( /rik+ its 
colors4 ,!re is no middle c\rse2 x mu/  
ei!r w9 a victory or admit defeat 9     
common ) ! traditional s*ool4 ,! /&>d is
 high1 ( c\rse1 b e /&>d ( ! vitaliz$   
s*ool is & ought to be high4            
,cig>ettes4--,if ! use ( cig>ettes is   
devitaliz+ our boys1 & ?is c be det]m9$1
 !n ! manufacture & sale mu/ be         

prohibit$ unless our legislative bodies 
w\ld plead guilty to ! *>ge ( impot5ce4 
,b we are told t public s5tim5t         
conditions ! enactm5t ( laws4 ,if su* be
 ! case1 !n ! s*ool & its auxili>ies    
%\ld feel x a duty to g5]ate public     
s5tim5t4 ,if cig>ettes are h>mful1 !n !y
 %\ld be bani%$1 & ! task is n an       
impossible "o by any means4 ,z to !     
injuri\s effects ( cig>ettes1 z di/+ui%$
 an au?ority z ,?omas ,a4 ,edison says !
 foll[+3      ,! injuri\s ag5t 9        
cig>ettes comes pr9cipally f !     burn+
 pap] wrapp]4 ,! sub/ance !reby =m$ is  
call$     'acrole94' ,x has a viol5t    
action on ! n]ve c5t]s1     produc+     
deg5]ation ( ! cells ( ! bra91 :i* is q 
rapid among boys4 ,unlike mo/ n>cotics1 
?is deg5]ation is     p]man5t &         
uncontrollable4 ,i employ no p]son :o   
smokes     cig>ettes4  ,we h elim9at$   
dang]\s explosives f our ,f\r? ( ,july  
celebrations1 & ! ban c z easily be     
plac$ ^u any o!r dang]\s product4 ,j "h 
we inevitably meet ! cry ( pat]nalism1 b

 we %all always be confront$ by ! "q to 
:at ext5t ! gov]nm5t %\ld /& aside & see
 its citiz5s foll[ ! b5t ( _! appetites 
& passions ov] ! br9k ( de/ruction4 ,x  
is ! inh]5t "r ( gov]nm5t to ma9ta9 its 
own integrity1 & ?is x c d only ?r\gh ! 
cons]vation ( ! p[]s ( its citiz5s4 ,if 
pat]nalism is necess>y to ?is end1 !n   
pat]nalism is a gov]nm5tal virtue4      
,bett]1 by f>1 "s pat]nalism ?an a race 
( weakl+s4  ,milit>y tra9+4--,we may    
%r9k away f milit>y tra9+ 9 ! s*ools1 j 
z we %r9k f ! regime ( pugilism2 b we   
may pr(it by obs]v+ bo? ^! types ( tra9+
 9 our ef=ts to develop "s me?od ( tra9+
 t w r5d] our "y p physically fit4 ,we  
ne$ "s type ( tra9+ t w elim9ate r\nd & 
droop+ %\ld]s1 weak *e/s1 %ambl+ gait1  
sluggi% circulation1 & %all[ brea?+4 ,! 
boys & girls ne$ to be1 fir/ ( all1     
heal?y animals ) l>ge p[]s ( endurance1 
ela/ic1 buoyant1 graceful1 & 9 g5]al    
well set up4 ,^! conditions con/itute ! 
f\ndation = ! sup]/ructure ( education4 
,! placid1 anaemic1 fib]less *ild is ill

 prep>$ 9 physique to atta9 to t ma/]y (
 ! m5tal & spiritual _w t makes = an    
approximation to complete liv+4         
,examples cit$4--,if "o w b make a m5tal
 appraisem5t ( ! fir/ "o hundr$ p he    
meets1 he w see among ! numb] q a few :o
 reveal a lack ( physical vigor4 ,!y    
droop & sl\* along & seem to be dragg+  
_! bodies in/ead ( be+ propell$ ?r\gh   
space by _! bodies4 ,!y c nei!r /& nor  
walk z a human be+ ought to /& & walk1 &
 _! entire ensemble is altoge!r         
unbeautiful4 ,we feel in/9ctively t1 be+
 fa%ion$ 9 ! image ( _! ,mak]1 !y h     
sadly decl9$ f _! high e/ate4 ,_! bodily
 attitude seems a sort ( apology = life1
 & we long to invoke ! aid ( "s tea*] ( 
physical tra9+ to rescue !m f !mselves &
 re/ore !m to _! rightful h]itage4 ,!y  
are weak1 app>5tly ill-n\ri%$1 scrawny1 
ill-groom$2 & we "k1 )\t ! aid ( words1 
t nei!r a vigor\s m9d nor a great _s    
w\ld *oose t type ( body z its          
habitation4  ,! body subject to !       
m9d4--,a heal?y1 vigor\s1 symmetrical   

body t p]=ms all its functions l a      
well-articulat$1 well-adju/$ me*anism is
 ! beg9n+1 b only a beg9n+4 ,next comes 
a m9d t is s well tra9$ t x kn[s :at    
ord]s to give to ! body & h[ to give !m4
 ,_m a /rong body ent]s ! door ( a      
saloon because ! m9d is n suffici5tly   
tra9$ to issue wise ord]s4 ,! m9d 0     
befuddl$ be=e ! body became s1 & ! body 
becomes s only because ! m9d comm&s4    
,intoxication1 prim>ily1 is a m5tal     
apo/asy1 & ! body _c d o!rwise ?an obey4
 ,if ! m9d 7 int5t ^u secur+ a book at !
 libr>y1 ! body w\ld n h se5 ! door ( ! 
saloon1 b w\ld h be5 urg5t to rea* !    
libr>y4 ,!re is nei!r fiction nor       
faceti\sness 9 ! adage1 ,an idle bra9 is
 ! devil's work%op4 ,on ! contr>y1 !    
say+ is cramm$ full ( psy*ology = !     
?\ghtful obs]v]4 ,h5ce1 :5 we are tra9+ 
! m9d we are wreak+ de/ruction ^u ?is   
work%op4  ,fre$om a condition           
prec$5t4--,complete liv+ is impossible  
outside ! doma9 ( fre$om4 ,! prisons %[ 
=? no examples ( complete liv+4 ,b m5tal

 ?ralldom is q z inimical to complete   
liv+ z ?ralldom ( ! body4 ,! m9d mu/ "k 
9 ord] to move among ! ?+s ( life 9     
fre$om4 ,ignorance is slav]y4 ,! m9d t  
is unable to read ! inscription on a    
monum5t /&s baffl$ & helpless1 & no =m (
 slav]y c be m abject4 ,! man :o _c read
 ! bill ( f>e ( life is 9 no position to
 revel 9 ! good ?+s t life (f]s4 ,! man 
:o _c read ! signbo>ds ( life gropes &  
fl\nd]s ab\t 9 ! byways & s misses !    
*>ms4 ,if he kn[s ! way1 he has fre$om2 
o!rwise he is 9 ?ralldom4 ,! man :o _c  
int]pret life z x %[s itself 9 hill1 9  
valley1 9 /ream & rock & tree1 goes     
?r\gh life ) b&ag$ eyes1 & t condition  
af=ds no fre$om4  ,/reet signs4--,a man 
:o _h be5 travel+ ?r\gh ,europe = sev]al
 weeks1 & _h f9ally rea*$ ,london1 wrote
 en?usia/ically ( 8 pleasure at be+ able
 to read ! /reet signs4 ,all summ] he _h
 felt re/rict$ & hamp]$1 b :5 he rea*$ a
 c\ntry :]e ! /reet signs 7             
intelligible1 he ga9$ 8 fre$om4 ,_h he  
be5 z famili> ) ,italian1 ,g]man1 &     

,fr5* z he is ) ,engli%1 life w\ld h be5
 = him f> m ne>ly complete dur+ t summ] 
& !re=e mu* m agreeable & f]tile4 ,!re  
is no m exhil>at+ exp]i5ce ?an to be    
able to read ! /reet signs along !      
highway ( life1 & ?is ability is "o ( ! 
great objectives ( e vitaliz$ s*ool4    
,tra9$ m9ds4--,nature reveals h] inmo/  
secrets only to ! tra9$ m9d4 ,no p[] c  
=ce h]1 no weal? c bribe h]1 to disclose
 ^! secrets to o!rs4 ,only ! m9d t is   
tra9$ c ga9 admission to h] treasure    
h\se to revel 9 its glories4 ,john      
,burr\ghs lives 9 a _w t ! ignorant man 
_c "k4 ,! tra9$ m9d alone has ! key t w 
unlock libr>ies1 art gall]ies1 !        
treasure h\ses ( sci5ce1 language1      
hi/ory1 & art4 ,! untra9$ m9ds mu/ /&   
outside & w9 :at com=t !y c f _! weal?1 
_! social /atus1 or :atev] else !y w\ld 
fa9 sub/itute = ! tra9+ t w\ld admit !m4
 ,all ^! ?+s are p>ts ( life1 & ^? :o _c
 ga9 admission to ^! cons]vatories ( k  
_c "k life 9 its complet5ess4           
,a*ievem5ts ( tra9$ m9ds4--,9 ord] to "k

 life 9 ! l>ge1 ! m9d mu/ be able to    
leap f ! multiplication table to ! />s2 
mu/ become intimate ) ! movem5ts ( !    
tides1 ! glaci]1 & ! planets2 mu/       
translate ! bubbl+ f\nta9 & ! eruption (
 ,vesuvius2 mu/ be able to int]pret !   
:isp] ( ! zephyr & ! diapason ( ! =e/2  
mu/ be able to he> music 9 ! *irp ( !   
cricket z well z 9 ! oratorios2 mu/ be  
able to delve into ! recesses ( ! m9e & 
scale ! m\nta9 tops2 mu/ "k ! he>t ?robs
 ( ,little ,nell z well z ( ,cic]o &    
,demo/h5es2 mu/ be able to see !        
processions ( hi/ory f ! cradle ( ! race
 to ! late/ proclamation2 & mu/ sit 9 ! 
c\ncils ( ! poets1 ! /atesm51 ! orators1
 ! arti/s1 ! sci5ti/s1 & ! hi/orians (  
all "t4 ,a m9d ?us tra9$ c ent] into ! v
 he>t ( life & "k x by exp]i5ce4  ,?+s (
 ! _s4--,b education is a spiritual     
process1 z we h be5 told2 &1 !re=e1     
education is )\t value unless x t\*es ! 
_s4 ,inde$1 x is only by ! _s t we may  
te/ ! quality ( education4 ,x is _s t   
sets metes & b\nds & po9ts ! way to !   

f9e ?+s ( life4 ,a man may live 9 ! back
 alley ( life or on ! b\lev>d1 accord+  
to ! dictates ( ! _s4 ,if 8 _s _c react 
to ! f9] ?+s1 8 way w lie among ! co>se 
& biz>re4 ,if he _c appreciate ! glory t
 is reveal$ ^u ! m\nta91 he w gravitate 
to ! l[] levels4 ,if 8 _s is n attun$ to
 maje/ic h>monies1 he w drift d[n to    
association ) 8 own k9d4 ,if he _c ?rill
 ) pleasure at ! beauty & fragrance ( ! 
lily ( ! valley1 he w seek out ! gaudy  
sunfl[]4 ,if 8 _s _c rise to ! plane (  
,%akespe>e & ,victor ,hugo1 he w roam   
into fields t are less fruitful4 ,! _s t
 is rightly attun$ lifts him away f !   
sordid into ! realms ( ! *a/e & !       
glorifi$2 away f ! co>se & ugly into !  
realm ( ?+s t are f9e & beautiful2 &    
away f ! ?+s t are mean & petty into !  
zone ( ! big1 ! true1 ! noble1 & ! good4
 ,& s ) body1 m9d1 & _s ?us do+ _!      
p]fect "w1 he c1 at lea/1 look ov] into 
! promis$ l& ( complete liv+4           
,altruism4--,we are comm&$ to let our   
light %9e1 & ?is comm& is a noble & an  

inspir+ "o4 ,a man :o by su* tra9+ z has
 be5 depict$ approximates complete liv+ 
is prep>$ to let 8 light %9e prim>ily   
because he has light1 & 9 ! next place  
because 8 tra9+ has made him g5]\s 9 _s 
& altrui/ic2 & 8 greate/ joy comes f    
lett+ 8 light s %9e t o!rs may cat* 8 _s
 & move up to high] planes ( liv+4      
,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4 ,:y is   
education n satisfactorily def9$ by say+
 t x is a prep>ation = complete liv+8   
,:o fir/ /at$ ?is def9ition8  #b4 ,:at  
is ! relation ( ! s*ool to complete     
liv+8  #c4 ,:at fur!r tra9+ %\ld ! s*ool
 give 9 bett] liv+ ?an to tea* ! pupils 
:at x is8  #d4 ,give an idea ( :at is   
meant by incomplete liv+ s f> z ! body  
is conc]n$4  #e4 ,%[ t s\ndness ( body  
is necess>y to realize "o's be/4  #f4   
,:at are "s reasons = ! sc>city (       
physically p]fect m5 & wom58  #g4 ,h we 
be5 able to elim9ate physical defects & 
develop physical m]its 9 p to ! same    
ext5t t we h 9 dome/ic animals8  #h4    
,:at are "s ( ! ?+s t h be5 done to     

improve physical man8 ,:i* ( ^! h to d  
prim>ily ) h]$ity & :i* ) re>+ or tra9+8
  #i4 ,:y is ! possession ( heal?y      
bodies a matt] ( national conc]n8  #aj4 
,:]e9 does physical tra9+ seem to h     
fail$ to atta9 its ends8  #aa4 ,:at are 
! argum5ts1 f ! /&po9t ( ! physically   
effici5t life1 = ! regulation or        
prohibition by ! gov]nm5t ( ! sale (    
injuri\s products8  #ab4 ,:at are !     
b5efits ( su* a type ( tra9+ z milit>y  
tra9+8  #ac4 ,%[ h[ ! lack ( prop] tra9+
 ( ! m9d may result 9 a less effici5t   
body4  #ad4 ,9 our pres5t civilization  
:at conditions may give rise to m5tal   
?ralldom8 ,^u :at is m5tal fre$om       
condition$8  #ae4 ,h[ c ! tra9$ m9d get 
! mo/ out ( life & contribute ! mo/ to  
x8  #af4 ,expla9 h[ ! _s is ! dom9ant   
elem5t 9 complete liv+4  #ag4 ,:y is "o 
:o is liv+ ! complete life sure to be   
altrui/ic8     ,,*apt] ,,xii  ,,! ,,"t  
,,elem5t   ,! "q /at$4--,!re are _m1    
d\btless1 :o w d5y1 if n actually res5t1
 ! /atem5t t "s d m real tea*+ 9 t5     

m9utes ?an o!rs d 9 ?irty m9utes4 ,b1 9 
spite ( d5ials1 ! /atem5t c be v]ifi$ by
 ! te/imony ( a ho/ ( exp]t obs]v]s &   
sup]visors4 ,inde$1 /5ographic reports h
 be5 made ( _m class ex]cises by way (  
te/+ ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t1 & ^! reports 
are a matt] ( record4 ,assum+ ! validity
 ( ! /atem5t1 !re=e1 x is p]t95t to     
inquire into ! causes t und]lie !       
disp>ity 9 ! tea*+ ability ( ! t5-m9ute 
tea*] & ! ?irty-m9ute tea*]4 ,!         
effici5cy exp]t w\ld be quick to seize  
^u ?is disp>ity 9 ! rate ( progress z ! 
/>t+ po9t 9 8 critical exam9ation4 ,9 a 
factory a l disp>ity w\ld lead to       
unpleasant consequ5ces4 ,! workman :o   
consumes ?irty m9utes 9 accompli%+ a    
piece ( "w t ano!r does 9 t5 m9utes w\ld
 be admoni%$ to accel]ate 8 progress or 
else give way to a m effici5t man4 ,if  
we _h in/rum5ts ( suffici5t delicacy to 
te/ ! results ( tea*+1 we %\ld probably 
discov] t ! output ( ! t5-m9ute tea*] is
 sup]ior 9 quality to t ( ! ?irty-m9ute 
tea*]4 ,= we mu/ all h obs]v$ 9 our own 

exp]i5ce t ! cl>ity ( our ?9k+ dep5ds ^u
 its int5sity4  ,examples4--,a "y man :o
 won di/9ction z a college /ud5t _h a   
wide %elf fitt$ up on "o side ( 8 room  
at :i* he /ood 9 ! prep>ation ( all 8   
lessons4 ,8 !ory 0 t ! attitude ( ! body
 conditions ! attitude ( ! m9d4         
,pr(essor ,james gives ass5t to ?is !ory
 & av]s t an attitude ( m9d may be      
g5]at$ by plac+ ! body 9 su* an attitude
 z w\ld naturally accompany ?is m5tal   
attitude4 ,?is !ory proclaims t1 if !   
body is sl\*+1 ! m9d w sl\*2 b t1 if !  
body is al]t1 ! m9d w be equally s4     
,ano!r college /ud5t always walk$ to &  
fro 9 8 room :5 prep>+ 8 hi/ory lesson4 
,a f9e old lady1 9 a "w ( fiction1      
expla9$ h] m5tal acum5 by ! s+le        
/atem5t1 ,i nev] sl\*4 ,e p]son mu/ h   
obs]v$ _m exemplifications ( ?is !ory 9 
8 own exp]i5ce ev5 if he has n r$uc$ x  
to a work+ =mula4  ,basic               
consid]ations4--,any consid]ation ( ! "t
 elem5t1 9 s*ool "w1 mu/ take into      
acc\nt1 !re=e1 n only ! numb] ( m9utes  

involv$ 9 a giv5 piece ( "w1 b also !   
int5sity ( ef=t dur+ ^? m9utes4 ,two    
m9ds1 ( equal natural /r5g?1 may be     
fully employ$ dur+ a giv5 p]iod & yet %[
 a wide diff]5ce 9 ! quality & quantity 
( ! results4 ,! "o may be busy all !    
:ile b sl\* ?r\gh ! m9utes4 ,! o!r may  
be taut & int5sive1 work+ at :ite heat1 
& ! output w be m ext5sive & ( bett]    
quality4 ,! m9d t ambles ?r\gh ! p]iod  
%[s =? results t are bo? meag] &        
m$iocre2 b ! m9d ^: impact is bo? =ceful
 & incisive produces results t s]ve to  
magnify ! "w ( ! s*ool4 ,?us we h plac$ 
be=e u two basic consid]ations1 "o ( :i*
 is ! "t itself1 9 actual m9utes1 & !   
o!r is ! "* ( ! reactions to ext]nal    
/imuli dur+ ^? m9utes4  ,two tea*]s     
comp>$4--,9 ord] to consid] ^! factors (
 ! tea*+ process ) "s degree (          
def9it5ess x w be well to h ! t5-m9ute  
tea*] & ! ?irty-m9ute tea*] plac$ 9     
juxtaposition 9 our ?9k+4 ,we %all ?us  
be able to comp>e & contra/ & s arrive  
at "s cle> judgm5ts t may be us$ z a    

basis = g5]alizations4 ,we may assume1 =
 conv5i5ce & = concret5ess1 t ! lesson  
is division ( fractions4 ,!re w be      
sub/antial agreem5t t ! pr9ciple involv$
 9 ?is subject c be taught 9 "o         
recitation p]iod4 ,! reasons = "s ( !   
/eps 9 ! process may come lat]1 b ! *ild
 %\ld be able to f9d 8 way to ! correct 
answ] 9 a s+le p]iod4 ,n[ if "o tea*] c 
a*ieve ?is result 9 ?irty m9utes & ! o!r
 9 t5 m9utes1 !re is a disp>ity 9 !     
effectiv5ess ( ! "w ( ^! tea*]s :i* is  
wor?y ( s]i\s consid]ation4 ,! t5-m9ute 
tea*] proves t ! ?irty-m9ute tea*] has  
consum$ tw5ty m9utes ( somebody's "t    
unnecess>ily4 ,if ! sal>y ( ?is         
?irty-m9ute tea*] %\ld be r$uc$ to "o   
?ird its pres5t am\nt1 %e w\ld inveigh  
aga9/ ! r$uction4  ,s*ool & factory     
comp>$4--,if %e 7 "o ( ! op]ators 9 a   
factory1 %e w\ld n escape ) ! m]e       
p5alization ( a sal>y r$uction4 ,! own] 
w\ld argue t he ne$$ "s "o :o c\ld      
op]ate ! ma*9e up to its full capacity1 
& t1 ev5 if %e %\ld "w )\t sal>y1 h]    

pres5ce 9 ! factory w\ld entail a loss 9
 t ! output ( h] ma*9e 0 s meag]4 ,if "o
 op]ator c produce a %oe 9 t5 m9utes & !
 o!r requires ?irty m9utes = ! same "w1 
! money t is inve/$ 9 ! "o ma*9e pays   
divid5ds1 :ile ! o!r ma*9e imposes a    
cont9u\s tax ^u ! own]4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 w
 be recogniz$ z ! l9e ( argum5t ( !     
effici5cy exp]t1 b x c]ta9ly is n out ( 
place to call att5tion to ! matt] 9     
connection ) s*ool "w4 ,! subject (     
effici5cy is q )9 ! prov9ce ( ! s*ool1 &
 x w\ld seem to be :olly )9 reason = !  
s*ool to exemplify its own tea*+s4      
,appraisal ( tea*+ exp]tness4--,! tea*] 
:o requires ?irty m9utes = division (   
fractions :i* ! o!r tea*] compasses 9 t5
 m9utes consumes tw5ty m9utes           
unnecess>ily 9 ea* recitation p]iod1 or 
two hundr$ m9utes 9 ! c\rse ( ! day4 ,! 
effici5cy exp]t w\ld ask h] to acc\nt = 
^! two hundr$ m9utes4 ,9 ord] to acc\nt 
= !m satisfactorily %e w\ld be compell$ 
to take an inv5tory ( h] acquir$ habits1
 h] pr$ilections1 h] attitude t[>d h]   

pupils & h] subjects1 & any %ortcom+s %e
 may h 9 reg>d to me?ods ( tea*+4 ,%e   
w\ld1 at fir/1 res5t ! implication t !  
o!r tea*]'s me?od ( tea*+ division (    
fractions is bett] ?an h] own & w\ld    
cite ! _m ye>s dur+ :i* h] me?od has be5
 us$4 ,:5 all else fails1 tradition     
always proves a conv5i5t refuge4 ,we c  
always prove to-day by ye/]day2 only1 by
 s do+1 we d5y ! possibility ( progress4
  ,! pot5cy ( "r me?ods4--,a tea*] (    
,lat9 once us$ tw5ty m9utes 9 a viol5t  
attempt to expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !   
g]und con/ruction & ! g]undive          
con/ruction4 ,at ! end ( ! "t %e _h !   
pupils s completely muddl$ t1 = mon?s1 !
 appe>ance ( ei!r ( ^! con/ructions ?rew
 !m into a condition ( panic4 ,to ano!r 
class1 lat]1 ?is tea*] expla9$ ^!       
con/ructions cle>ly & conv9c+ly 9 ?ree  
m9utes4 ,9 ! meantime %e _h /udi$ me?ods
 9 connection ) subject matt]4 ,ano!r   
tea*] resign$ h] position & expla9$ h]  
action by confess+ t %e _h become s     
accu/om$ to ! traditional me?ods ( tea*+

 a c]ta9 phase ( ari?metic t x 0        
impossible = h] to le>n ! new] "o4 ,su* 
a tea*] mu/ be giv5 cr$it = hone/y ev5  
:ile %e illu/rates trag$y4  ,! wa/e (   
"t4--,9 expla9+ ! loss ( two hundr$     
m9utes a day ! tea*] w inevitably come  
^u ! subject ( me?ods ( tea*+1 & %e may 
be put to x to ju/ify h] me?od 9 view ( 
its results4 ,! m dilig5tly %e tries to 
ju/ify h] me?od1 ! m c]ta9ly %e         
proclaims h] responsibility = a wrong   
use ( ! me?od4 ,^? tw5ty m9utes po9t at 
h] ! accus+ f+]1 & %e c nei!r bl9k nor  
escape ! facts4 ,! o!r tea*] l$ h]      
pupils into a k ( ! subject 9 t5 m9utes1
 & ?is "o may nei!r abrogate nor am5d ! 
record4 ,z an op]ative 9 ! factory %e   
holds 9 h] h& "o %oe z ! result ( h]    
?irty m9utes :ile ! o!r holds ?ree4     
,conc$+ t results 9 ! s*ool are n s     
tangible z ! results 9 ! factory1 /ill  
we h develop$ me?ods ( e/imat+ results 9
 ! s*ool t h conv9c+ weight ) !         
effici5cy exp]t4 ,we c e/imate results 9
 s*ool "w ) suffici5t accuracy to enable

 u to assess tea*+ values ) a goodly    
degree ( discrim9ation4                 
,possibilities4--,x w\ld be a           
comp>atively simple matt] to compute 9  
days & weeks ! "t lo/ dur+ ! ye> by !   
?irty-m9ute tea*]1 & !n e/imate ! _m ?+s
 t ! pupils c\ld accompli% 9 t "t4 ,if !
 ?irty-m9ute tea*] c\ld be trans=m$ into
 a t5-m9ute tea*]1 ! *ildr5 c\ld h ?ree 
m h\rs ea* day = play1 & t w\ld be f>   
bett] = !m ?an ! ordeal ( sitt+ !re 9 ! 
class1 ! unwill+ witnesses1 or victims1 
( ! "t-wa/+ process4 ,or !y might read a
 book 9 ! two hundr$ m9utes & t w\ld be 
m enjoyable1 & ! numb] ( books ?us read 
9 ! c\rse ( a ye> w\ld aggregate q a    
libr>y4 ,or1 aga91 !y might take "s     
additional /udies & s make great ga9s 9 
m5tal a*ievem5ts 9 _! twelve ye>s (     
s*ool life4 ,or !y might le>n to "w ) _!
 h&s & s a*ieve self-reliance1          
self-support1 & self-respect4           
,cons]vation4--,9 a ^w1 !re is no high] 
type ( cons]vation ?an ! cons]vation (  
*ildhood1 9 t]ms ( "t & int]e/4 ,! two  

hundr$ m9utes a day are a vital factor 9
 ! life ( ! *ild & mu/ be reg>d$ z      
highly valuable4 ,! tea*]1 !re=e1 :o    
subtracts ?is "t f ! *ild's life is     
assum+ a responsibility n to be lightly 
e/eem$4 ,%e takes f him 8 mo/ valuable  
possession & "o :i* %e c nev] return1   
try z %e may4 ,wor/ ( all1 %e purlo9s   
?is elem5t ( "t cl&e/9ely1 albeit       
s$uctively1 9 ! guise ( fri5d%ip4 ,!    
*ild does n "k t he is ! victim ( unfair
 treatm5t until x is too late to set up 
any def5se4 ,he is made to ?9k t t is ! 
natural &1 !re=e1 only way ( s*ool1 & t 
he mu/ take ?+s z !y come if he is to   
prove himself a good soldi]4 ,s he mu/]s
 :at h]oism he c & tries to smile :ile !
 tea*] despoils him ( ! m9utes he might 
bett] be employ+ 9 play1 9 read+1 or 9  
"w4  ,! tea*]'s complac5cy4--,?is w\ld  
seem a sev]e indictm5t if x 7 incapable 
( pro(1 b hav+ be5 prov$ by             
incontrov]tible evid5ce its sev]ity _c  
be mitigat$4 ,we c only grieve t ! facts
 are z !y are & ard5tly hope = a spe$y  

*ange4 ,! *ief ob/acle 9 ! way (        
improvem5t is ! complac5cy ( ! tea*]4   
,habits t5d to p]si/1 & if %e has       
contract$ ! habit ( mu* speak+1 %e ?9ks 
h] volubility %\ld be acc\nt$ a virtue &
 wond]s t ! *ildr5 d n applaud !        
bromidic platitudes :i* h be5 utt]$ 9 ! 
same =m & 9 ! same tones a hundr$ times4
 ,%e is s intoxicat$ ) h] own v]bosity t
 %e c nei!r li/5 to ! s\nds ( h] own    
voice nor analyze h] own utt]ances4     
,:ile h] neighbor is tea*+ %e is talk+1 
& !n ) sublime non*alance %e ascribes ! 
ret>dation ( h] pupils to _! own        
dullness & nev]1 9 any lea/ degree1 to  
h] own unpr(itable use ( _! "t4  ,!     
voluble tea*]4--,& :ile %e rambles on 9 
h] aimless talk+ ! *ildr5 are bor$1     
inexpressibly bor$4 ,x is axiomatic t ! 
le>n+ process does n fl\ri% 9 a /ate (  
bor$om4 ,"u ! ordeal ( v]bal inundation 
! *ildr5 wriggle & squirm ab\t 9 _!     
seats & ?is af=ds h] a new po9t (       
attack4 ,%e calls !m ill-br$ & unmann]ly
 & wond]s at ! homes t c produce su*    

*ildr54 ,%e does n realize t if ^!      
*ildr5 7 gr[n-ups !y w\ld leave ! room  
reg>dless ( consequ5ces4 ,:5 !y yawn1 %e
 rem9ds !m ( ! utt] futility ( ca/+     
pe>ls be=e sw9e4 ,all ! :ile ! tw5ty    
m9utes are go+ & ! pupils h n yet le>n$ 
h[ to divide fractions4 ,ov] 9 ! next   
room ! pupils "k full well h[ to divide 
fractions & ! tea*] is rew>d+ _!        
dilig5ce ) a cookie 9 ! =m ( a /ory1    
:ile !y wait = ! bell to r+4 ,out ( !   
room ( ! ?irty-m9ute tea*] come ! *ildr5
 gl[]+ & res5tful2 out ( ! o!r room !   
*ildr5 come buoyant & happy4  ,! te/ (  
tea*+4--,n alone did ! =m] tea*] use !  
"t ( h] pupils = h] own ends1 b1 ev5 m1 
%e dull$ _! int]e/1 & ! damage ?us      
inflict$ _c be e/imat$4 ,_m a *ild has  
des]t$ ! s*ool because ! tea*] made     
s*ool life disagreeable4 ,%e 0 ! wet    
blanket ^u 8 en?usiasm & *ill$ him to ! 
m>r[ :5 he fail$ to g =w>d ^u h]        
traditional track4 ,! tea*] :o c g5]ate 
9 ! m9ds ( h] pupils a spiritual        
ignition by h] e movem5t & ^w w n be    

humiliat$ by des]tions4 ,inde$1 ! te/ ( 
! tea*] is ! m5tal attitude ( h] pupils4
 ,! *ild :o drags & drawls ?r\gh !      
lesson convicts ! tea*] ( a want (      
exp]tness4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! pupils are
 all wide-awake1 al]t1 animat$1 eag] to 
respond1 & dynamic1 we "k t ! tea*] has 
br\ght ?is condition to pass & t %e is a
 t5-m9ute tea*]4  ,mean+less            
=malities4--,"o ( ! influ5ces t t5ds to 
dead5 ! int]e/ ( *ildr5 is ! pond]\s    
=mality t sometimes obta9s4 ,! tea*]    
solemnly calls ! roll1 al?\gh %e c see  
at a glance t !re are no abs5tees4 ,?is 
is exce$+ly irksome to wide-awake boys &
 girls :o are avid = v>iety4 ,! same    
monoton\s call+ ( ! roll day aft] day ) 
no semblance ( v>iation induces 9 !m a  
sort ( m5tal dyspepsia = :i* !y seek an 
antidote 9 :at ! tea*] d5om9ates        
disord]4 ,?is s-call$ disord] betok5s   
good heal? on _! "p & is a revelation ( 
! fact t !y h a ke5 appreciation ( !    
fitness ( ?+s4 ,!y _c brook monotony & x
 irks !m to dawdle ab\t 9 ! ant]oom (   

action4 ,!y are eag] to d _! "w if only 
! tea*] w get "r at x4 ,b !y are        
impati5t ( mean+less prelim9>ies4 ,!y   
see no s5se 9 call+ ! roll :5 ev]ybody  
is pres5t & discr$it ! tea*] :o p]si/s 9
 ! practice4  ,repeat+ answ]s4--,/ill   
ano!r *>act]i/ic ( ! ?irty-m9ute tea*]  
is h] habit ( repeat+ ! answ]s t pupils 
give1 ) ! addition ( "s inane comm5t4   
,:e!r ?is repeat+ ( answ]s is m]ely a   
bad habit or an ef=t on ! "p ( ! tea*]  
to appropriate to h]self ! cr$it t %\ld 
o!rwise accrue to ! pupils1 x is n easy 
to say4 ,c]ta9 x is t s*ool inspectors  
inveigh aga9/ ! practice mightily z     
militat+ aga9/ ! effectiv5ess ( ! tea*+4
 ,tea*]s :o h be5 *all5g$ on ?is po9t   
make a weak confession t !y repeat !    
answ]s unconsci\sly4 ,!y ?us make !     
fatal admission t = a "p ( ! "t ( !     
class ex]cise !y d n "k :at !y are do+1 
& admitt+ s mu* we c readily classify !m
 z belong+ among ! ?irty-m9ute tea*]s4  
,me&]+s4--,ano!r *>act]i/ic is h] t5d5cy
 to w&] away f ! direct l9e & ramble    

ab\t among irrelevant & inconsequ5tial  
trifles4 ,sometimes ^! rambles are      
altoge!r ent]ta9+ & enable h] pupils to 
pass ! "t pleasantly1 b !y lack t]m9al  
facilities4 ,!y lead f n[h]e to n[h]e 9 
! mo/ fasc9at+ & fruitless me&]+s4 ,su* 
exp$itions br+ back no emolum5ts4 ,!y   
leave a pleasant ta/e 9 ! m\? b af=d no 
n\ri%m5t4 ,!y use ! "t b exact no       
divid5ds4 ,l %eet lightn+ !y are        
beautiful b nev] /rike any?+4 ,!y are   
soo?+ s$atives t nev] impel to action4  
,!y lull to repose b nev] vitalize4  ,! 
t5-m9ute tea*]4--,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t 
only ! t5-m9ute tea*] is wor?y ( a place
 9 ! vitaliz$ s*ool4 ,%e alone is able &
 will+ to cons]ve1 ) religi\s zeal1 ! "t
 & int]e/ ( ! pupils4 ,to h] _! "t &    
int]e/ are sacr$ & %e deems x a         
sacrilege to trifle ) !m4 ,%e kn[s !    
m>ket value ( h] own "t b does n "k !   
value ( ! "t ( ! possible ,edison :o    
sits 9 h] class4 ,%e gives to e *ild !  
b5efit ( ! d\bt & respects bo? h]self & 
h] pupils too mu* to take *ances by     

pitt+ h]self aga9/ !m & us+ _! "t = h]  
own purposes4 ,moreov]1 %e nev] p]mits  
_! int]e/ to flag1 b kn[s h[ to keep _! 
m9ds t5se4 ,_! reactions are nev] less  
?an incisive1 &1 !re=e1 ! tru?s ( !     
lesson groove !mselves deep 9 _!        
consci\sness4   ,,que/ions ,,&          
,,ex]cises  #a4 ,:at is meant by ! "t   
elem5t 9 tea*+8  #b4 ,h[ is an op]ation 
9 a factory tim$8 ,= :at purpose8 ,:at  
are "s ( ! results t h accru$ f ! tim+ (
 "w by effici5cy exp]ts8  #c4 ,h[ c     
tea*+ be tim$ approximately8 ,is x      
probable t m ( ?is w be done 9 ! future 
by sup]visors & inve/igators8 ,w\ld y   
res5t ! tim+ ( y\r "w8 ,w\ld y          
appreciate x8 ,:y8  #d4 ,:at may be     
done1 9 ! matt] ( bodily positions1 to  
improve m5tal "t-reactions ( ! /ud5t8 ,(
 ! tea*]8  #e4 ,! lit]ature ( a         
typewrit] manufactur] c>ries ! precept  
,sit erect4 ,:at are ! reasons8  #f4    
,:at two factors mu/ be consid]$ 9      
e/imat+ m5tal "w ) a view to "t         
consid]ations8  #g4 ,if ! atta9m5t (    

s*ool results by ! tea*] 7 treat$ z !   
atta9m5t ( factory results by ! op]ator1
 :at w\ld happ5 if a l>ge p] c5t ( ! "t 
sp5t on a process 7 unnecess>y8  #h4    
,apply ! factory manag]'s argum5t 9     
detail to ! tea*]'s effici5cy4 ,if y c1 
%[ :]e9 x fails to apply4  #i4 ,:at     
result besides wa/e ( "t may come ( a   
cumb]some me?od ( tea*+8  #aj4 ,h[ c "o 
acquire a cle>-cut me?od8  #aa4 ,a      
pr(essor ( physics 0 ask$ by a =m] /ud5t
 :o 0 beg9n+ to tea* = sugge/ions on !  
tea*+ ( physics4 ,8 only reply 0 ,"k y\r
 subject ?or\ghly4 ,0 ?is a satisfactory
 response8 ,give reasons = y\r op9ion4  
#ab4 ,if ! tea*] c h lessons f9i%$ )    
great] rapidity1 :at c be done ) ! "t   
?us rema9+8  #ac4 ,%[ t ! tea*] mu/     
att5d to ! cons]vation ( "t 9 ord] to   
protect ! *ild4  #ad4 ,9 :at way besides
 ! direct wa/e ( ! m9utes is !          
exp5diture ( undue "t un=tunate8  #ae4  
,9 :at p>ticul> way d _m tea*]s lose mu*
 ( ! recitation-lesson or /udy-lesson   
p]iod8  #af4 ,:at are ! results ( an    

undue exp5diture ( "t 9 ?is way8  #ag4  
,:at is ! relation betwe5 ! wa/e ( "t 9 
s*ool & ! exodus ( *ildr5 f ! upp]      
grades8  #ah4 ,:at d y ?9k ( a tea*] :o 
p]si/s 9 mean+less =malities8  #ai4 ,h[ 
does ! repeat+ ( answ]s by ! tea*]      
affect ! pupils8  #bj4 ,a tea*] says %e 
repeats answ]s (t5 because pupils speak 
l[ & indi/9ctly4 ,:at are ! prop]       
rem$ies = ?is8  #ba4 ,:at %\ld be !     
tea*]'s rule 9 reg>d to digressions8    
#bb4 ,:y %\ld e tea*] /rive to be a     
t5-m9ute tea*]1 & :y %\ld e sup]visor   
/rive to recomm5d no o!rs8  #bc4 ,:at   
coroll>y c be drawn on ! advisability ( 
! employm5t ( no tea*]s except ^?       
recomm5d$ by compet5t sup]visors8       
,,*apt] ,,xiii  ,,! ,,arti/ ,,tea*]     
,tea*+ z a f9e art4--,tea*+ is an art4  
,?is fact has univ]sal recognition4 ,b x
 may be made a f9e art1 a fact t is n s 
g5]ally recogniz$4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! 
traditional s*ool & ! vitaliz$ s*ool    
lies 9 ! fact1 to a l>ge degree1 t1 9 ! 
=m]1 tea*+ is reg>d$ m]ely z an art1    

:ile 9 ! latt] x becomes a f9e art4 ,9 !
 =m]1 ! tea*] is an artisan2 9 ! latt] !
 tea*] is an arti/4 ,! diff]5ce is      
broadly significant4 ,! artisan1 9 8 "w1
 foll[s directions1 plans1              
specifications1 & blue-pr9ts t h be5    
devis$ & design$ by o!rs2 ! arti/ imbues
 8 "w ) imag9ation4 ,! artisan works by 
! day--s mu* money = s _m h\rs' "w ) pay
 day z 8 l>ge objective2 ! arti/ does n 
disda9 pay day1 b he has an objective   
beyond ?is & has o!r s\rces ( pleasure  
besides ! pay envelope4 ,! artisan ?9ks 
& talks ( pay day2 ! arti/ ?9ks & talks 
( 8 "w4 ,! artisan drops 8 "w :5 ! bell 
r+s2 ! arti/ is s engross$ 9 8 "w t he  
does n he> ! bell4 ,! artisan plods at 8
 task ) a grudg+ mi52 ! arti/ works 9 a 
f9e fr5zy4  ,*>act]i/ic qualities4--,x  
is n easy to f9d ! exact words by :i* to
 diff]5tiate ! traditional tea*] f !    
arti/ tea*]4 ,!re is an elusive quality 
9 ! arti/ tea*] :i* is n easily r$uc$ to
 or describ$ by =mal words4 ,we "k t !  
"o is an arti/ tea*] & t ! o!r is n4 ,! 

=mal exam9ation may n be able to discov]
 ! arti/ tea*]1 b !re is a sort ( k t   
transc5ds ! f9d+s ( an exam9ation1 t    
makes h] id5tity kn[n4 ,%e is a real    
fle% & blood p]son & yet %e has a       
di/9ctive quality t _c be mi/ak5 ev5    
?\gh x eludes description4 ,%e exhales a
 c]ta9 exquisit5ess t reveals itself 9 !
 delicacy & da9t9ess ( h] contact ) p & 
! objective _w4 ,h] impact ^u !         
consci\sness is no m viol5t ?an !       
fragrance ( ! rose1 b1 all at once1 %e  
is !re & !re to /ay1 mode/1 s]5e1 &     
ma/]ful4  ,%e is z g5tle z ! dawn b z   
/aun* z ! oak4 ,%e has k & wisdom1 &1   
bett] /ill1 %e has und]/&+2 %e ne$s no  
diagram4 ,h] gaze p5etrates ! v he>t ( a
 situation b is nev] less ?an k9dly1 &  
h] eyes are nev] %ifty4 ,h] aplomb1 h]  
pose1 & h] poise belong to h] q z       
evid5tly z h] h&s4 ,%e is g5u9e &       
altoge!r free f affectation4 ,h] pres5ce
 /imulates )\t intoxicat+1 & %e accepts 
! respect ( p ) ! same naturalness &    
grace z w\ld accompany h] acceptance ( a

 glass ( wat]4 ,bo? ! giv] & ! recipi5t 
( ?is respect are ennobl$ by ! giv+4    
,inde$ %e w\ld f> r h ! respect ( p1 h] 
pupils includ$1 ?an m]e admiration1 = %e
 kn[s full well t respect is f> m deeply
 root$ 9 ! _s & be>s fruit t is m wor?  
:ile4 ,h] nature kn[s n in]tia1 b x     
ab\nds 9 ent]prise1 endeavor1 & c\rage t
 are born ( a high purpose4  ,joy 9 h]  
"w4--,h] tea*+ & h] life d n occupy     
sep>ate comp>tm5ts b are id5tical 9 "t &
 space2 only h] tea*+ is b "o phase or  
manife/ation ( h] life4 ,%e fitly       
exemplifies ! /atem5t t ,art is !       
expression ( man's joy 9 8 "w4 ,%e has  
great joy 9 h] "w &1 !re=e1 x is done z 
any o!r arti/ does 8 "w4 ,%e enjoys all 
life1 includ+ h] "w4 ,inde$1 %e has     
contract$ ! habit ( happ9ess & is s     
engross$ 9 ! big elem5tal ?+s ( life t  
%e c laugh at ! incid5tal p9-pricks t   
o!rs call tr\bles4 ,%e diff]5tiates     
major f m9or & nev] p]mits a m9or to    
usurp ! ?rone4 ,be+ an integral "p ( h] 
life1 h] "w takes on all ! hues ( h]    

life4 ,= h]1 culture is n some?+ add$2 r
 x is a some?+ t p]meates h] :ole nature
 & h] :ole life4 ,%e does n read poetry 
& o!r =ms ( lit]ature1 /udy ! great     
ma/]pieces ( music & art1 & seek        
communion ) ! great1 ei!r 9 p]son or    
?r\gh _! works--%e does n d ^! ?+s t %e 
may acquire culture1 b does !m because  
%e has culture4  ,dynamic               
qualities4--,h] "* is ! sum ( all h]    
habits ( ?9k+1 feel+1 & action &1 !re=e1
 is h]self4 ,s9ce %e is an arti/1 h]    
habits are all pit*$ 9 a high key & %e  
is culture p]sonifi$4 ,h] immaculat5ess 
( body & _s is n a sup]ficial           
acquisition b a fundam5tal expression ( 
h] real self4 ,j z ! electric bulb      
diffuses light1 s %e diffuses an        
atmosph]e ( culture4 ,%e gives ! arti/ic
 t\* to e detail ( h] "w because %e is  
an arti/1 a g5u9e1 s9c]e arti/ 9 all t  
makes up life4 ,%e has ! he>t ( an      
arti/1 ! eyes ( an arti/1 ! t\* ( an    
arti/4 ,:e!r ^! qualities are inh]5t or 
acquir$ is beside ! po9t1 at pres5t1 b x

 may be rem>k$1 9 pass+1 t unless !y 7  
capable ( cultivation1 ! _w w\ld be at a
 /&/ill4 ,!re is no place 9 h] exub]ant 
vitality = a jaundic$ view1 & h5ce h] _w
 does n become /ale1 flat1 &            
unpr(itable4  ,aspiration & wor%ip4--,e 
s9c]e1 noble aspiration is a pray]2     
h5ce1 %e prays )\t ceas+ 9 ob$i5ce to ! 
admonition ( ! ,apo/le4 ,&1 let x be    
said 9 rev]5ce1 %e helps to answ] h] own
 pray]s4 ,h] _s ye>ns out t[>d high] &  
wid] atta9m5ts e h\r ( ! day1 n morbidly
 b exultantly4 ,& :ile %e aspires %e    
wor%ips4 ,! />ry sky holds h] 9 rapt    
att5tion & admiration1 & ! mode/ fl[]   
does no less4 ,%e is ?ankful = ! ra91 & 
revels 9 ! beauty & abundance ( ! sn[4  
,! heat may en]vate1 b %e is grateful1  
none ! less1 because ( its b5efic5t     
influ5ce ^u ! f>m]'s "w4 ,l food &      
sleep1 h] attitude ( wor%ip cons]ves h] 
p[]s & pres]ves h] balance4 ,:5 physical
 we>9ess comes1 %e s5ds h] _s out to !  
/>1 or ! sea1 or ! m\nta91 & s =gets h] 
burd5 9 ! contemplation ( maje/y &      

beauty4 ,9 %ort1 h] _s is attun$ to all 
beauty & sublimity & tru?1 & s %e is    
inh]5tly an arti/4  ,pr(essor ,phelps   
quot$4--,9 8 v delightful book1 ,tea*+ 9
 ,s*ool & ,college1 ! au?or1 ,pr(essor  
,william ,lyon ,phelps1 says3 ,i d n "k 
t ,i c\ld make entirely cle> to an      
outsid] ! pleasure ,i h 9 tea*+4 ,i _h r
 e>n my liv+ by tea*+ ?an 9 any o!r way4
 ,9 my m9d1 tea*+ is n m]ely a life "w1 
a pr(ession1 an occupation1 a /ruggle2 x
 is a passion4 ,i love to tea*4 ,i love 
to tea* z a pa9t] loves to pa9t1 z a    
musician loves to play1 z a s+] loves to
 s+1 z a /rong man rejoices to run a    
race4 ,tea*+ is an art--an art s great &
 s difficult to ma/] t a man or a woman 
c sp5d a long life at x1 )\t realiz+ mu*
 m ?an 8 limitations & mi/akes1 & 8     
di/ance f ! ideal4 ,b ! ma9 aim ( my    
happy days has be5 to become a good     
tea*]1 j z e ar*itect wi%es to be a good
 ar*itect1 & e pr(essional poet /rives  
t[>d p]fection4 ,= ! *ief diff]5ce      
betwe5 ! ambition ( ! arti/ & ! ambition

 ( a money-mak]--bo? natural & honorable
 ambitions--is t ! money-mak] is aft] ! 
practical rew>d ( 8 toil1 :ile ! arti/  
wants ! inn] satisfaction t accompanies 
ma/]y4  ,attitude t[>d "w4--,to ^!      
s5tim5ts ! arti/ tea*] subscribes       
:ole-he>t$ly1 if n 9 words1 c]ta9ly by  
h] attitude & practices4 ,%e reg>ds h]  
"w n z a task b z a privilege1 & ?9k+ x 
a privilege %e appreciates x z %e w\ld  
any o!r privilege4 ,%e w\ld e/eem x a   
privilege to att5d a conc]t by          
high-class arti/s1 or to visit an art   
gall]y1 or to witness a pres5tation ( a 
great drama1 or to see ! ,jungfrau2 & %e
 feels ! same exaltation z %e           
anticipates h] "w z a tea*]4 ,%e s+s on 
h] way to s*ool because ( ! privileges t
 await h]4 ,%e exp]i5ces a f9e fl[ (    
s5tim5t )\t becom+ s5tim5tal4 ,tea*+1 to
 h]1 is a s]i\s bus9ess1 b n1 9 ! lea/1 
somb]4 ,pa9t+ is a s]i\s bus9ess1 b !   
arti/'s zeal & joy 9 8 "w give w+s to ! 
h\rs4 ,lay+ ! ,atlantic cable 0 a s]i\s 
bus9ess1 b ! vision ( success 0 bo?     

inspir+ & inspirit+1 & tempor>y mi%aps  
only s]v$ to /imulate to great] ef=t4   
,! elem5t ( en?usiasm4--,to ?is tea*]1  
ea* class ex]cise is an ent]prise t is  
big ) possibilities2 &1 9 prep>ation = !
 ev5t1 %e feels some?+ ( ! ?rill t mu/ h
 animat$ ,columbus z he fac$ ! sea4 ,%e 
e/imates results m by ! faces ( h]      
pupils ?an by ! m>ks 9 a grade book1 = !
 field ( h] endeavors is ! _s ( ! *ild1 
& ! face ( ! *ild telegraphs to h] !    
awak5+ ( ! _s4 ,l ! sculptor1 %e is     
/riv+ to br+ ! angel ( h] dream into !  
face ( ! *ild2 & :5 ?is hope is realiz$1
 ! privilege ( be+ a tea*] seems ! v    
acme ( human aspirations4 ,! animat$    
face & ! fla%+ eye betok5 ! sort ( life 
t h] tea*+ aims to /imulate2 & :5 %e    
sees ^! unmi/akable manife/ations1 %e   
kn[s t h] big ent]prise is a success &  
rejoices accord+ly4 ,if1 = any reason1  
h] en?usiasm is runn+ l[1 %e takes      
h]self 9 h& & soon g5]ates ! en?usiasm t
 %e kn[s is indisp5sable to ! success ( 
h] ent]prise4  ,r$emption ( common f    

commonplace4--,%e has ! supreme gift (  
be+ able to r$eem ! common f ! plane ( !
 commonplace4 ,inde$1 %e nev] p]mits any
 fact ( ! books to become commonplace to
 h] pupils4 ,!y all "k t ,columbus      
discov]$ ,am]ica 9 #adib1 b :5 !        
recitation t\*es ?is fact %e inve/s x ) 
life & mean+ & s makes x gl[ z a factor 
9 ! class ex]cise4 ,! humdrum           
traditional tea*] asks ! "q2 & :5 !     
pupil drones =? ! answ]1 ,columbus      
discov]$ ,am]ica 9 #adib1 %e dismisses !
 :ole matt] ) ! phonographic response1  
,v good4 ,:at a f>ce6 ,:at a trave/y ^u 
! "w ( ! tea*]6 ,in/ead ( be+ v good1 x 
is bad1 yea1 inexpressibly bad4 ,! arti/
 tea*] does x f> bett]4 ,by ! magic ( h]
 t\* %e causes ! imag9ation ( h] pupils 
to be fir$ & _! int]e/ to ?rill ) !     
mighty significance ( ! great ev5t4 ,!y 
feel1 vic>i\sly1 ! pov]ty ( ,columbus 9 
8 appeals = aid & wi% !y might h be5 !re
 to assi/4 ,!y f9d !mselves /&+ beside !
 intrepid m>9]1 wat*+ ! angry waves     
/riv+ to beat him back4 ,!y wat* him    

pe]+ into space1 day aft] day1 & feel a 
?\s& pities = him 9 8 susp5se4 ,& :5 he 
/eps out ^u ! new l&1 !y want to %\t out
 _! salvos & proclaim him a victor4  ,! 
voyage ( ,columbus4--,!y h ye>n$1 &     
/riv51 & pray$ ) ,columbus1 & s h liv$  
all ! ev5ts ( 8 great a*ievem5ts4 ,h5ce1
 x c nev] be commonplace 9 _! ?9k+4 ,!  
tea*] lift$ x f> away f t plane & made x
 loom high & l>ge 9 _! consci\sness4 ,a 
dramatic critic av]s t ! action ( ! play
 occurs1 n ^u ! /age1 b 9 ! imag9ation (
 ! auditors2 t ! play]s m]ely cause !   
imag9ation to produce ! action2 & t if  
no?+ 7 occurr+ 9 ! imag9ation ( ! p 9 ! 
seats beyond :at is occurr+ on ! /age1 !
 audi5ce w\ld leave ! !at] by way (     
prote/4 ,! arti/ tea*] acts ^u ?is v    
pr9ciple 9 e class ex]cise4 ,nei!r !    
tea*] nor ! book c possibly depict ev5 a
 moiety ( all t %e hopes to produce 9 ! 
imag9ation ( ! pupils4 ,%e is ev] /riv+ 
to f9d ! "o ^w or s5t5ce t w evoke a    
:ole tra9 ( ev5ts 9 _! m9ds4 ,j "h is   
:]e h] sup]b art is %[n4 ,a :ole volume 

c\ld n portray all t ! imag9ation ( !   
pupils saw 9 connection ) ! voyage (    
,columbus1 & yet ! tea*] caus$ all ^!   
?+s to happ5 by ! use ( comp>atively few
 words4 ,?is is high art2 ?is proclaims 
! arti/ tea*]4  ,res\rcefulness4--,9 h] 
"w !re is a f95ess & a delicacy ( t\* t 
baffles a satisfactory analysis4 ,%e has
 ! p[] to call =? ,columbus f ! pa/ to  
re5act 8 great discov]y 9 ! imag9ation (
 h] pupils--all )\t noise1 or bomba/1 or
 ge/iculation4 ,%e does :at %e does     
because %e is :at %e is2 & %e ne$s nei!r
 copyright nor pat5t = protection4 ,h]  
"w is suffus$ ) a r>e sort ( en?usiasm t
 c>ries conviction by reason ( its      
g5u95ess4 ,?is en?usiasm gives to h] "w 
a tone & a flavor t c nei!r be disguis$ 
nor c\nt]feit$4 ,h] "w is di/9ctive1 b n
 s5sational or pyrote*nic4 ,lea/ ( all  
is x ev] hackney$4 ,s res\rceful is %e 9
 devis+ new plans & new ways ( say+ &   
do+ ?+s t h] pupils are always animat$  
by a :olesome expectancy4 ,%e is !      
dynamo1 b ! light & heat t %e g5]ates   

manife/ !mselves 9 ! m9ds ( h] pupils1  
:ile %e rema9s s]5e & quiet4  ,! ?irte5 
colonies4--,) ! poet ,keats %e c s+3    
,beauty is tru?1 tru? beauty1 t is all  
,ye "k on e>?1 & all ye ne$ to "k4      
,animat$ by ?is s5tim5t1 %e disda9s no  
=m ( tru?1 :e!r l>ge or small1 = 9 e =m 
( tru? %e f9ds beauty2 & h] _s reacts to
 x on ! in/ant1 & joy is ! resultant4   
,?is is ! basis = h] sup]b en?usiasm 9 e
 detail ( h] "w z well z ! s\rce ( h]   
joy\s liv+4 ,h] pupils may "n ! ?irte5  
orig9al colonies )\t a slip1 b t is n   
en\gh = h]4 ,! e/abli%+ ( ^! colonies   
=m$ a mighty epo* 9 hi/ory1 & %e mu/    
dwell ^u ! ev5ts until !y ?rob ?r\gh !  
life curr5ts ( h] pupils4 ,names 9 books
 mu/ mean p ) all _! hopes1 _!          
aspirations1 _! trials & h>d%ips1 _!    
sorr[s & _! joys4 ,! conditions ( life1 
! food1 ! clo?+1 ! h\ses1 ! modes (     
travel1 & ! dang]s mu/ all come into !  
m5tal picture4 ,h5ce x is t %e prep>es =
 ! lesson on ! colonies z %e w\ld make  
ready = a trip ) ! pupils ar\nd ! _w1 & 

! m]e giv+ ( names is negligible 9 h]   
inspir+ ent]prise4  ,e subject inve/$ ) 
life4--,%e f9ds 9 ! circulation ( !     
blood a subject ( great import & makes  
ready = ! lesson ) en?usia/ic           
anticipation4 ,h] /ep is ela/ic z %e    
takes h] way to s*ool on ?is p>ticul>   
day1 & h] face is beam+1 = to-day comes 
to ! *ildr5 ?is /up5d\s revelation4 ,%e 
feels z did ! college pr(essor :5 he 0 j
 ready to beg9 an exp]im5t 9 8          
laboratory & said to 8 /ud5ts1 ,g5tlem51
 please remove y\r hats2 ,i am ab\t to  
ask ,god a "q4 ,%e approa*es e tru?     
rev]5tly1 albeit joy\sly1 = %e feels t  
%e is ! lead] ( ! *ildr5 ov] into !     
,promis$ ,l&4 ,9 ! book already quot$1  
,pr(essor ,phelps says1 ,i read 9 a     
,g]man play t ! ma!matician is l a man  
:o lives 9 a glass room at ! top ( a    
m\nta9 cov]$ ) et]nal sn[--he sees      
et]nity & inf9ity all ab\t him1 b n mu* 
humanity4 ,n s 9 h] tea*+ ( ma!matics2 =
 e subject & e problem transports h] to 
! ,isle ( ,patmos1 & ! h\r is cr[d$ )   

revelations4  ,human int]e/4--,& :]ev]  
%e is1 !re is humanity4 ,!re are no dry 
bones 9 h] "w1 = %e inve/s e subject )  
human int]e/ & causes x to pulsate 9 !  
consci\sness ( h] pupils4 ,if !re are   
dry bones :5 %e arrives1 %e has b to t\*
 !m ) ! magic ( h] humanity1 & !y become
 ?+s ( life4 ,:e!r long division or     
calculus1 x is to h] a "p ( ! liv+1     
palpitat+ tru? ( ! _w1 & %e causes x to 
live be=e ! m9ds ( ! pupils4 ,! s-call$ 
dead languages spr+ to life 9 h]        
pres5ce1 &1 l ,a>on's rod1 blossom & br+
 =? at h] t\*4 ,:]ev] %e walks !re are  
resurrections because life begets life4 
,no sci5ce1 no ma!matics1 no hi/ory1 no 
language1 c be dull or dry :5 t\*$ by h]
 art1 b all become vital because %e is  
vital4 ,by ! subtle al*emy ( h] arti/ic 
tea*+ all ! subjects ( h] s*ool are     
transmut$ into ! pure gold ( tru? &     
beauty4   ,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4
 ,:at k9ds ( arts are !re o!r ?an ! f9e 
arts8  #b4 ,h[ d ! motives ( ! artisan  
diff] f ^? ( ! arti/8  #c4 ,:at are "s (

 ! *>act]i/ics t ga9 "o ! di/9ction (   
be+ an arti/ tea*]8  #d4 ,%[ t to enjoy 
respect is m wor? :ile ?an to attract   
admiration4  #e4 ,"u :at conditions c "o
 h joy 9 8 "w8 ,c "o d 8 be/ )\t x8  #f4
 ,:at is ! result on "o's "w ( brood+   
ov] tr\bles8  #g4 ,h5ry ,=d employs     
tra9$ sociologi/s :o see t ! home       
relations ( 8 employees are             
satisfactory4 ,:y8  #h4 ,is "o :o reads 
good lit]ature to acquire culture z yet 
an arti/ tea*]8  #i4 ,:at con/itutes "*8
  #aj4 ,:at is ! inf]5ce conc]n+ "o's   
culture if 8 clo!s & body are n clean8  
,if 8 prop]ty at ! s*ool is n 9 ord]8   
#aa4 ,h[ c "o add to 8 culture8 ,is :at 
"o kn[s or :at "o does ! m important "p 
( x8 ,has a high degree ( culture be5   
atta9$ by a p]son :o mu/ ev] be on 8    
gu>d8  #ab4 ,is feel+ an important      
elem5t ( culture8 ,illu/rate4  #ac4 ,:at
 is ! tea*]'s *ief rew>d8  #ad4 ,c a    
tea*] lead pupils to reg>d "w z a       
privilege r ?an z a task1 unless %e has 
t attitude h]self8  #ae4 ,9 :at respects

 d y reg>d tea*+ z a privilege8 ,9 :at  
respects is x drudg]y to y8  #af4 ,c    
en?usiasm result if !re is a lack ( joy 
9 "o's "w8 ,if !re is a defici5cy (     
physical /r5g?8 ,if !re is a poor k ( ! 
subject8  #ag4 ,:at causes hi/orical    
facts to seem commonplace8  #ah4 ,:at   
elem5ts %\ld be emphasiz$ 9 hi/ory to   
make x seem alive ) mean+8  #ai4 ,:at   
pr9ciple ( ! drama comes into play 9    
tea*+1 :5 a tea*] desires to inve/ !    
subject ) life8  #bj4 ,:at advantages   
are !re 9 hav+ v>iety 9 "o's plans8     
#ba4 ,:y %\ld "o avoid ! s5sational 9   
s*ool "w8 ,:at are ! *>act]i/ics (      
s5sationalism8 ,is ! fact t a class is  
unusually ar\s$ a reason = decry+ a     
me?od z s5sational8  #bb4 ,) :at _s %\ld
 a tea*] prep>e to tea* ab\t ! ?irte5   
colonies8  #bc4 ,:y %\ld a tea*] h great
 joy 9 ! tea*+ ( sci5ce8  #bd4 ,is      
int]e/ 9 a subject z an ab/ract sci5ce  
likely to be an adequate int]e/8 ,if s1 
is x ! be/ sort ( int]e/8 ,:y8  #be4 ,f 
:at %\ld int]e/ />t1 & 9 :at %\ld x     

function8  #bf4 ,summ>ize ! ways 9 :i* !
 arti/ tea*] w %[ h]self ! arti/4       
,,*apt] ,,xiv  ,,! ,,tea*] ,,z ,,an     
,,ideal   ,responsibility ( !           
exempl>4--,if ! tea*] c\ld be conv9c$ t 
ea* ( h] pupils is to become a replica (
 h]self1 %e w\ld m fully appreciate !   
responsibilities ( h] position4 ,at fir/
 flu%1 %e might feel flatt]$2 b :5 %e   
came into a full realization ( !        
magnitude ( ! responsibility1 %e w\ld   
probably seek release4 ,if %e c\ld "k t 
ea* pupil is /riv+ to copy h] 9 e detail
 ( h] life1 h] habits ( spee*1 h] bodily
 movem5ts1 h] tone ( voice1 h] dress1 h]
 walk1 & ev5 h] mann] ( ?9k+1 ?is k w\ld
 appall h]1 & %e w\ld %r9k f !          
responsibility ( becom+ ! exempl> ( !   
*ild4 ,%e _c "k1 h[ev]1 to :at ext5t & 9
 :at respects ! pupils imitate h]4 ,nor1
 p]haps1 c\ld !y !mselves give def9ite  
in=mation on ^! po9ts1 if !y 7 put to ! 
te/4 ,*ildr5 imitate _! eld]s bo?       
consci\sly & unconsci\sly2 s1 :e!r !    
tea*] wills x s or n1 %e mu/ assume !   

functions ( an exempl> z well z a tea*]4
  ,absorb+ /&>ds4--,if we give full     
cr$5ce to ,t5nyson's /atem5t1 ,i am a "p
 ( all t ,i h met1 !n x foll[s t we h   
become :at we are1 9 "s appreciable     
measure1 ?r\gh ! process ( absorption4  
,9 o!r words1 we are a composite ( all  
our ideals4 ,! vase ( fl[]s1 da9tily    
arrang$1 on ! breakfa/ table becomes !  
/&>d ( good ta/e !nce=?1 & all ?r\gh    
life a vase ( fl[]s arrang$ less ?an    
arti/ically gives "o a s5sation (       
discom=t4 ,a travel] relates t 9 a hotel
 9 ,brussels he saw w9d[ curta9s ( a    
delicate patt]n2 &1 s9ce t "t1 he has   
s\ght 9 _m cities = curta9s t w fill !  
measure ( ! ideal he absorb$ 9 t hotel4 
,beauty is n 9 ! ?+ itself1 b 9 ! eye ( 
! behold]1 & ! eye is b ! int]pret] ( ! 
ideal4 ,"o p]son rhapsodizes ov] a      
picture t ano!r turns away f1 because ! 
latt] has absorb$ an ideal t is unkn[n  
to ! =m]4  ,education by                
absorption4--,?is subject ( absorption  
has n receiv$ ! c>eful att5tion t its   

importance w>rants4 ,9 ! social         
consci\sness education has be5 s long   
associat$ ) books1 & =mal processes1 t  
we f9d x difficult to conceive (        
education outside ( or beyond books4    
,if1 z we s confid5tly ass]t1 education 
is a spiritual process1 !n :atev]       
/imulates ! _s mu/ be education1 :e!r a 
l&scape1 a fl[]1 a picture1 or a p]son4 
,! travel] :o sits enrapt be=e !        
,jungfrau = an h\r or a day is becom+ m 
highly educat$1 ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( books &
 =malities4 ,! beauty ( ! m\nta9 t\*es 8
 _s1 & !re is a consequ5t reaction t    
fulfills all ! claims ( ! educational   
processes4 ,9 %ort1 he is lift$ to a    
high] plane ( appreciation1 & t is :at !
 books & ! s*ools are /riv+ to a*ieve4  
,! pr9ciple illu/rat$4--,9 ! pres5ce (  
?is m\nta9 ! t\ri/ ga9s an ideal (      
gr&eur :i* becomes 8 /&>d ( e/imat+     
sc5]y ?r\gh\t life4 ,a boy once he>d ,! 
,dead ,m>* play$ by an arti/1 & :5 he 0 
gr[n to manhood t 0 /ill 8 ideal (      
maje/ic music4 ,a travel] ass]ts t no   

man c /& = an h\r on ! summit ( ,mt4    
,rigi & n become a bett] & a /rong] man 
= ! exp]i5ce4 ,a writ] on art says t x  
is wor? a trip across ! ocean to see !  
pa9t+ ( ! bull by ,paul ,pott]2 b t1 (  
c\rse1 dep5ds ^u ! ideals ( ! behold]4  
,all ^! illu/rations con=m to & are 9   
h>mony ) ! psy*ological dictum t 9 !    
educational process ! _s reacts to its  
environm5t4  ,! tea*] z environm5t4--,b 
! environm5t may include p z well z     
inanimate objects1 m\nta9s1 riv]s1      
fl[]s1 & pictures4 ,&1 z a "p ( ! *ild's
 environm5t1 ! tea*] takes h] place 9 ! 
process ( education by absorption4 ,a   
city sup]9t5d5t av]s t !re is "o tea*] 9
 8 corps :o w\ld be wor? m to 8 s*ool   
?an ! sal>y %e receives ev5 if %e did no
 tea*+4 ,?is means t h] pres5ce 9 !     
s*ool is a :olesome influ5ce1 & t %e is 
! sort ( environm5t to :i* ! pupils     
react to _! own advantage4 ,x might n be
 a simple ?+ to conv9ce "s taxpay]s ( ! 
tru? ( ! sup]9t5d5t's /atem5t1 b ?is    
fact only proves t !y h n yet come into 

a realization ( ! fact t !re c be       
education by absorption4  ,! ,great     
,/one ,face4--,! p ( ,flor5ce ma9ta9 t  
!y ne$ n travel abroad to see ! _w1 = ! 
reason t ! _w comes to !m4 ,x is true t 
_m ?\s&s visit t city annually to w9 a  
def9ition ( art4 ,!re !y absorb _!      
ideals ( art & ?us atta9 abid+ /&>ds4 ,9
 l mann] ! *ild may soj\rn 9 ! s*ool to 
ga9 an ideal ( grace ( mann] & p]sonal  
*>m z exemplifi$ by ! tea*]1 & no "o w h
 ! tem]ity to ass]t t ?is phase ( !     
*ild's education is less important ?an  
^? t are acquir$ ?r\gh ! =mal processes4
 ,! boy 9 ! /ory grew into ! lik5ess ( !
 ,great ,/one ,face because t _h become 
8 ideal1 & n because he _h _h =mal      
in/ruction 9 ! subject ( /one faces1 or 
_h tak5 measurem5ts ( or comput$ !      
dim5sions ( ! "o /one face4 ,he grew    
into its lik5ess because he ?\ght ( x1  
dream$ ( x1 absorb$ x1 & 0 absorb$ by x1
 & react$ to x :5ev] x came into view4  
,p$agogy 9 lit]ature4--,haw?orne1 9 ?is 
/ory1 mu/ h be5 try+ to tea* ! lesson ( 

unconsci\s education or education by    
absorption1 b 8 read]s h n all be5 quick
 to cat* 8 mean+4 ,tea*]s (t5 take great
 unction 9 ! reflection t !y af=d to !  
*ild 8 only means ( education1 & t b =  
!m ! *ild w\ld nev] become educat$ at   
all4 ,we are sl[ to admit t !re are _m  
s\rces ( education besides ! s*ool1 & t 
=mal in/ruction is n ! only road to !   
acquisition ( k4 ,t5nyson knew &        
express$ ?is conception 9 ! quotation   
already giv51 b we h n acquir$ ! habit (
 consult+ ! poets & noveli/s = our      
p$agogy4 ,:5 we le>n to consult ^!1 we  
%all f9d !m express+ _m t5ets ( p$agogy 
t are basic4  ,! te/imony (             
exp]i5ce4--,b we ne$ n g beyond our own 
exp]i5ces to realize t mu* ( our        
education has be5 unconsci\sly ga9$1 t  
we h absorb$ mu* ( x1 &1 possibly1 :at  
we n[ reg>d z ! mo/ vital "p ( x4 ,we h 
b to explore our own exp]i5ces to       
discov] "s p]son ^: /&>ds h be5         
effective 9 lur+ u out ( ourselves &    
caus+ u to ye>n t[>d high] levels2 :o   

has be5 ! beacon light t[>d :i* our feet
 h be5 /umbl+2 :o has be5 ! patt]n by   
:i* we h s\ght to %ape our lives2 & =   
:om we feel a s5se ( gratitude t _c be  
qu5*$4 ,! influ5ce ( t p]son has be5 a  
lib]al education 9 ! vital ?+s t ! books
 d n tea*1 & we %udd] to ?9k :at we     
might h be5 _h t influ5ce n come into   
our lives4 ,?is ideal is n "s my?ical1  
f>-away p]son1 b a real man or woman :o 
has *all5g$ our admiration by looks1 by 
conduct1 by position1 & by g5]al be>+ 9 
society4  ,! "o tea*]4--,?is prelim9>y  
"p ( ! subject has be5 dwelt ^u ?us at  
l5g? 9 an ef=t to w9 ass5t to ! g5]al   
proposition t unconsci\s education is n 
only possible1 b an actuality4 ,?is     
ass5t be+ once giv51 ! m9d feels out at 
once = applications ( ! pr9ciple &1     
inevitably1 br+s ! p>5t & ! tea*] into !
 field ( view4 ,b ! p>5t is too ne> to u
 9 "t1 9 space1 & 9 relation to af=d !  
illu/ration t we seek1 & we pass on to !
 tea*]4 ,9 ! exp]i5ce ( ea* "o ( u !re  
/&s out at lea/ "o tea*] z cle> 9       

def9ition z a cameo4 ,?is tea*] may n h 
be5 ! mo/ s*ol>ly1 or ! mo/ successful 9
 popul> e/eem1 or ev5 ! mo/ h&some1 b %e
 _h "s quality t diff]5tiates h] 9 our  
?9k+ f all o!rs4 ,o!rs may seem b a sort
 ( blur 9 our memory1 b n s ?is "o4 ,%e 
alone is di/9ct1 di/9ctive1 & regnant4  
,h] supremacy4--,! vicissitudes ( life h
 n avail$ to de?rone h]1 nor h ! losses1
 p]plexities1 & sorr[s ( life caus$ !   
light ( h] influ5ce to gr[ dim4 ,%e is  
/ill an abid+ pres5ce ) u1 nor c we     
conceive ( any influ5ce t c\ld possibly 
oblit]ate h]4 ,%e may h be5 idealiz$ by 
degrees1 b :5 %e came fully into our    
lives %e came to /ay4 ,%e came n z a    
transi5t gue/1 b z a lifelong fri5d &   
comrade4 ,%e crept into our lives z     
g5tly z ! dawn comes ov] ! hills1 & s9ce
 h] arrival !re has be5 no sunset4 ,nor 
0 !re ev] by pupil or tea*] any         
pr(ession or prote/ation1 b we simply   
accept$ ea* o!r ) a frankness t w\ld h  
be5 weak5$ by words4  ,! role (         
ideal4--,b ! role ( ideal is n an easy  

"o4 ,x is a comp>atively simple matt] to
 give in/ruction 9 geography1 ari?metic1
 & hi/ory1 b to "k "o's self to be !    
ideal ( a *ild1 or to conceive ( !      
possibility ( su* a situation &         
relation1 is suffici5t to r5d] ! tea*]  
deeply ?\ghtful4 ,once x is borne 9 ^u  
h] t ! *ild w gr[ into h] lik5ess1 %e _c
 dismiss ! matt] f h] ?9k+ z %e c !     
lesson 9 gramm>4 ,! *ild may be         
unconsci\s ( ! matt]1 b ! tea*] is      
acutely consci\s4 ,:5 %e /&s be=e h]    
class %e sees ! *ild gr[+ into h] image1
 & ?is reflection gives cause & occasion
 = a c>eful & critical introspection4   
,%e feels con/ra9$ to take an inv5tory (
 h]self to det]m9e :e!r %e c /& a te/ t 
is s se>*+ & s f>-rea*+4  ,! tea*]'s o!r
 self4--,z %e /&s ?us 9 contemplation %e
 sees ! *ild gr[n to maturity ) all h]  
own pr$ilections--physical1 m5tal1      
spiritual--wov5 into ! patt]n ( its     
life4 ,9 ?is *ild gr[n up %e sees h] o!r
 self & c ?us e/imate ! qualities (     
body1 m9d1 & _s t n[ con/itute h]self1 z

 !y reveal !mselves 9 ano!r4 ,%e ?us    
ga9s ! *ild's po9t ( view & s is able to
 see h]self ?r\gh ! *ild's eyes4 ,:5 %e 
is read+ a book1 %e is aw>e t ! *ild is 
look+ ov] h] %\ld] to note ! quality (  
lit]ature t engages h] int]e/4 ,:5 %e is
 mak+ a pur*ase at ! %op1 %e f9ds ! *ild
 /&+ at h] elb[ & duplicat+ h] ord]4 ,:5
 %e is buy+ a picture1 %e is c>eful to  
see to x t !re are two copies1 kn[+ t a 
second copy mu/ be provid$ = ! *ild4 ,:5
 %e is arrang+ h] p]sonal adornm5t1 %e  
is consci\s ( ! *ild peep+ ?r\gh ! door 
& absorb+ h] ) langui%+ eyes4  ,! /atus 
irrevocable4--,:]ev] %e goes or :atev]  
%e does1 %e kn[s t ! *ild is walk+ 9 h] 
foot/eps & re5act+ h] conduct4 ,h] /atus
 is irrevocably fix$ 9 ! life ( ! *ild1 
nor c any philosophy or sophi/ry absolve
 h] f ! situation4 ,%e _c abdicate h]   
place 9 favor ( ano!r1 nor c %e w9      
immunity f responsibility4 ,%e is !     
*ild's ideal = weal or woe1 nor c m5 or 
angels *ange ?is big fact4 ,?r\gh all ! 
h\rs ( ! day %e he>s ! *ild say+1 ,:i!r 

?\ goe/ ,i w g1 & !re is no escape4  ,! 
*ild's viewpo9t4--,?is is no flight (   
fancy4 ,r x is a reality 9 c\ntless     
s*oolrooms ( ! l& if only ! tea*]s 7    
alive to ! fact4 ,b we h be5 s busy     
measur+1 e/imat+1 scor+1 & survey+ !    
*ild = our purposes t we h giv5 b scant 
consid]ation to ! *ild's po9t ( view z  
reg>ds ! tea*]4 ,we h n be5 quick to    
note ! significant fact t ! *ild is     
e/imat+1 measur+1 scor+1 & survey+ !    
tea*] = purposes ( its own & 9 ! /ricte/
 ob$i5ce to ! laws ( its nature4  ,!    
*ild's ne$ ( ideals4--,e *ild ne$s & has
 a "r to ideals1 & f9ds ! tea*] conv5i5t
 bo? 9 space & 9 ! nature ( h] "w to act
 9 ?is capacity4 ,because ( ! "* ( h] "w
 & h] peculi> relation to ! *ild1 !     
tea*] assumes a place ( lead]%ip1 & !   
*ild naturally appropriates h] z !      
lode/> = :i* 8 nature is seek+4 ,& s1   
:e!r ! tea*] leads into ! morass or into
 ! jungle1 ! *ild w foll[2 b if %e      
elects to take h] way up to ! heights1  
!re w be ! *ild z fai?ful z h] %ad[4 ,if

 ! tea*] plucks fl[]s by ! way1 !n1 9   
"t1 ga!r+ fl[]s w become habitual to !  
*ild1 nor w !re be any ne$ to admoni% ! 
*ild to ga!r fl[]s4 ,! tea*] plucks     
fl[]s1 & t becomes ! *ild's comm&4      
,education by absorption ne$s nei!r     
admonition nor homilies4  ,! ideal a    
p]petual influ5ce4--,& all ?is is       
life--actual life1 fundam5tal life1 &   
inevitable life4 ,moreov]1 !            
inevitabl5ess ( ?is phase ( life s]ves  
to acc5tuate its importance4 ,! idealiz$
 tea*] gives to ! *ild 8 ideals (       
conduct1 lit]ature1 art1 music1 home1   
s*ool1 & s]vice4 ,take ?is tea*] out ( 8
 life & ^! ideals vani%4 ,bett] by f>   
elim9ate ! =mal in/ruction1 important z 
t may be made to be1 ?an to rob ! *ild (
 8 ideals4 ,!y are ! influ5ces t are ev]
 active ev5 :5 =mal in/ruction is       
quiesc5t4 ,!y are pot5t ?r\gh\t ! day & 
?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,!y induce reactions &   
motor activities t groove into habits1 &
 !y are ! ext]nal /imuli to :i* ! _s    
responds4  ,! tea*]'s attitude4--,!     

vitaliz$ s*ool takes full cognizance (  
?is phase & means ( education & gives   
l>ge scope & fre$om = its ex]cise &     
developm5t4 ,! tea*] is m conc]n$ ) :o &
 :at h] pupils are to be tw5ty ye>s h5ce
 ?an %e is 9 gett+ !m promot$ to ! next 
grade4 ,%e kn[s full well t vision      
cl>ifies sight1 & %e is eag] to enl>ge  
_! vision 9 ord] to make _! sight m ke5 
& cle>4 ,%e1 !re=e1 adopts z h] own     
/&>ds ( life & conduct :at %e wi%es = h]
 pupils :5 !y h come to maturity4 ,%e   
may n proclaim h]self an ideal tea*] or 
a model tea*]1 b %e is cognizant ( !    
fact t %e is ! model & ! ideal ( "o or m
 pupils 9 h] s*ool & bases h] rule (    
life ^u ?is fact4  ,prophetic           
conduct4--,9 h] dress %e decides betwe5 
ornat5ess & simplicity z a det]m9+      
factor 9 ! lives ( h] pupils bo? = !    
pres5t & = ! ye>s to come4 ,9 ?is %e    
feels t %e is b do+ h] "p 9 help+ to    
det]m9e ! tr5d & quality ( civilization4
 ,%e is read+ su* books z %e hopes to   
f9d 9 _! libr>ies :5 !y h come to       

adm9i/] homes ( _! own4 ,%e is direct+  
h] ?9k+ into su* *annels z w be> !      
?\ghts ( h] pupils out into ! op5 sea ( 
bigness & sublimity4 ,kn[+ t pett9ess w 
be inimical to society 9 ! next         
g5]ation1 %e is c>eful to bani% x f h]  
own life4  ,h] rule ( life4--,9 h] ?9k+ 
%e comes into intimate relations ) ! sea
 & all its ramifi$ influ5ces ^u life4   
,%e invites ! m\nta9s to take h] into _!
 confid5ce & reveal to h] ! my/]ies ( _!
 orig91 & _! influ5ce ^u ! w9ds1 !      
seasons1 ! products ( ! e>?1 & ^u life  
itself4 ,%e communes ) ! great ( all    
times t %e may le>n ( _! concepts z to !
 imm5sities :i* ! m9d c explore1 z well 
z intricate & inf9ite manife/ations ( ! 
human s\l4 ,%e associates ) ! planets & 
rides ! spaces 9 _! company4 ,%e asks ! 
fl[]s1 ! sunrise gl[ ( ! morn+1 ! hues (
 ! ra9b[1 & ! drop ( dew to expla9 to h]
 :at ,god is1 & rejoices 9 _! responses4
  ,h] gr[?4--,& s1 ?r\gh h] ?9k+ %e gr[s
 big--big 9 h] aspirations1 big 9 h]    
sympa?ies ) all nature & mank9d1 big 9  

h] altruism1 & big 9 h] conceptions ( ! 
univ]se & all t x embraces4 ,& :5 p come
 to "k h] !y almo/ lose sight ( ! tea*] 
9 _! contemplation ( ! woman4 ,h]       
pupils1 by _! close contact & communion1
 became inoculat$ ) ! g]ms ( h] bigness 
& s foll[ ! lead ( h] ?9k+1 h]          
aspirations1 h] sympa?ies1 & h]         
conceptions ( life4 ,?us !y gr[ into h] 
lik5ess by absorb+ h] ?\ghts1 h] ideals1
 h] /&>ds1 9 %ort1 h]self4  ,see+ life  
l>ge4--,! bigness ( h] _s & h] ability  
to see & feel life 9 ! l>ge sup]9duce   
dignity1 poise1 & s]5ity4 ,%e nev]      
flutt]s2 b1 calm & ma/]ful1 %e moves on 
h] maje/ic way ) regal mi54 ,nor is h]  
tea*+ less ?or\gh or less effective     
because %e has a vision4 ,on ! contr>y1 
%e tea*es cube root ) accuracy & /ill is
 able to see & to cause h] pupils to see
 ! index f+] po9t+ out & up t[>d !      
ma!matical inf9ities4 ,%e c give !      
latitude & longitude ( ,rome1 &1 :ile   
do+ s1 review ! a*ievem5ts ( t hi/oric  
city4 ,%e c expla9 ! action ( ! geys] & 

/ill f9d "t & incl9ation to take delight
 9 its wond]s4 ,%e c analyze ! fl[] &   
/ill revel 9 its beauty4 ,%e c tea* !   
details ( hi/ory & f9d 9 !m ! footpr9ts 
( great hi/orical movem5ts4 ,all ^! ?+s 
h] pupils s5se & s inve/ h] ) !         
attributes ( an ideal4   ,,que/ions ,,& 
,,ex]cises  #a4 ,d mo/ tea*]s realize to
 :at ext5t !y h influ5ce8  #b4 ,is x    
com=table to ?9k t "o is an example8 ,if
 n1 :y n8 ,is x only tea*]s :o ne$ to   
feel t !y are examples8 ,is x fair to   
dem& a high] /&>d ( ! tea*] & prea*]8   
#c4 ,give f y\r own exp]i5ce in/ances 9 
:i* y h absorb$ an ideal :i* has p]si/$4
 ,is !re dang] ( adopt+ an ideal t1 :ile
 x is wor?y z f> z x goes1 is m]ely     
incid5tal & n wor? :ile8 7,su* are an   
accurate memory ( unimportant details1  
c]ta9 f9esse 9 mann]s & spee*1          
punctili\sness 9 engagem5ts1            
exhau/iv5ess 9 %opp+ be=e mak+ pur*ases1
 p]fection 9 p5man%ip & o!r arts at !   
exp5se ( spe$3 sugge/ o!rs47  #d4 ,h[ c 
! contemplation ( a ra9b[ educate8 ,:at 

education %\ld result f a view ( ,niag>a
 ,falls8  #e4 ,:at qualities w\ld a     
tea*] h to possess t h] influ5ce aside f
 h] tea*+ might be ( m value ?an ! tea*+
 itself8  #f4 ,t "o may h influ5ce is x 
en\gh = "o to be good1 or is x :at "o   
does t c\nts8 ,sugge/ l9es ( action = a 
tea*] t w\ld increase h] influ5ce =     
good4  #g4 ,expla9 h[ a f9e unconsci\s  
influ5ce ex]t$ by a tea*] helps to keep 
pupils 9 s*ool4  #h4 ,9 ,haw?orne's /ory
 ( ! ,great ,/one ,face :at qualities 7 
atta9$ by ^? :om ,erne/ expect$ to gr[  
into ! lik5ess8  #i4 ,:y did ,erne/'s   
face come to resemble t ( ! great /one  
face8  #aj4 ,9 :at ways is good fiction 
( value to tea*]s8  #aa4 ,cite some?+ t 
y h ga9$ f ! unconsci\s influ5ce (      
ano!r4  #ab4 ,:at atta9m5ts or qualities
 h y yet to acquire 9 ord] to /& out z  
di/9ctive & regnant to a good _m pupils8
  #ac4 ,a bact]iologi/ makes a culture (
 a drop ( blood1 multiply+ _m times !   
bact]ia 9 x1 to det]m9e :e!r s]i\s      
disease g]ms are preval5t4 ,if !        

influ5ce ( a p]son c\ld be obs]v$ 9 a   
l>ge way1 w\ld t be conclusive z to !   
p]son's "*1 j z ! result ( ! culture    
proves ! condition ( ! blood8 ,may !re n
 be an obscure elem5t 9 ! tea*]'s "* t  
is hav+ a delet]i\s effect8 ,or is x    
only ! out/&+ features ( 8 conduct t    
affect ! pupils8  #ad4 ,:y is x m       
important to acquire ideals ?an to      
acquire k8  #ae4 ,describe ! attitude ( 
! tea*] t[>d ! pupils 9 ! vitaliz$      
s*ool4  #af4 ,%[ h[ ! tea*] %\ld h 9    
view ! future ( ! pupils4  #ag4 ,is x a 
complim5t to be easily recogniz$ z a    
tea*]8 ,:y or :y n8  #ah4 ,j :at is     
meant by n>r[ness 9 a tea*]8 ,:at is    
meant by bigness8 ,:at is _! effect if !
 tea*] is tak5 z an ideal8  #ai4 ,c "o  
in/ill high ideals 9 o!rs )\t frequ5tly 
absorb+ inspiration himself8 ,:at are   
suitable s\rces8     ,,*apt] ,,xv  ,,!  
,,socializ$ ,,recitation   ,! t]m       
def9$4--,! socializ$ recitation1 z its  
"n implies1 is a recitation 9 :i* tea*] 
& pupils =m !mselves into a committee ( 

! :ole = ! purpose ( inve/igat+ "s phase
 ( a s*ool /udy4 ,9 ?is committee ! l9e 
( cleavage betwe5 tea*] & pupils is     
oblit]at$ z ne>ly z possible1 ! tea*]   
ex]cis+ only s mu* ( au?ority z w       
pres]ve ! integrity ( ! gr\p & =e/all   
its dis9tegration4 ,! tea*] ?us becomes 
a coo]d9ate & cooep]at+ memb] ( ! gr\p1 
& h] sup]ior k ( ! subject is held 9    
abeyance to be call$ into requisition   
only 9 an em]g5cy & z a la/ resort4 ,x w
 readily be se51 h[ev]1 t ! tea*]'s k ( 
! subject mu/ be f> m compreh5sive 9 su*
 a proc$ure ?an 9 ! "q-&-answ] type (   
recitation1 = ! v cog5t reason t !      
discussion is bo? liable & likely to    
div]ge widely f ! limits ( ! book2 & !  
tea*] mu/ be conv]sant1 !re=e1 ) all !  
auxili>y facts4 ,%e mu/ be able to cite 
au?orities 9 case ( ne$1 & make specific
 data readily accessible to all memb]s (
 ! gr\p4 ,?is presupposes wide read+ on 
h] "p1 & a consequ5t famili>ity ) all ! 
s\rces ( k t h a be>+ ^u ! subject "u   
consid]ation4  ,! pupil-tea*]4--,9 ord] 

to make ! cooep]ative pr9ciple ( !      
recitation active 9 practice a pupil    
acts z *airman ( ! meet+1 s]v+ 9        
rotation1 & gives direction to !        
discussion4 ,he is clo!d ) au?ority1    
also1 to re/rict ! discussion to "t     
limits t !re may be no semblance (      
monopoly & t ! same rights & privileges 
may be accord$ to ea* memb] ( ! class4  
,! *airman1 9 %ort1 acts bo? z capta9 & 
z umpire1 ) ! tea*] 9 ! backgr\nd z !   
c\rt ( f9al appeal4 ,kn[+ ! ord] (      
rotation1 ea* pupil kn[s 9 advance ^u   
:at day he is to assume ! functions (   
*airman & makes prep>ation accord+ly1 t 
he may acquit himself ) cr$it 9 measur+ 
up to ! add$ responsibilities :i* !     
position imposes4 ,9 tak+ ! *air he does
 n affect an air ( sup]iority = ! reason
 t he kn[s ! position to h come to him  
by rotation & t ^u 8 conduct ( ! duties 
dep5d 8 *ances = honor2 & act+ = 8 pe]s 
he is c>eful n to d any?+ t w lead to a 
=feiture ( _! respect & good w4  ,"s    
advantages4--,x requires f> m "t to     

describe ^! prelim9>y arrangem5ts ?an x 
does to put !m into op]ation4 ,inde$1   
aft] ! fir/ day1 !y become well-nigh    
automatic4 ,because ( _! adaptabl5ess ! 
pupils look ^u ! new ord] z ! e/abli%$  
ord]1 &1 besides1 ! rotation 9 ! *air   
af=ds a pleas+ antidote to monotony4    
,ea* day br+s j en\gh novelty to g5]ate 
a :olesome degree ( anticipation4 ,!y   
are all /imulat$ by an eag]ness to "k j 
:at ! day w br+ =?4 ,! class ex]cise is 
reliev$ ( mu* ( ! heavy =malism t       
*>act]izes ! traditional recitation & t 
is s irksome to *ildr5 ( s*ool age4 ,!  
socializ$ recitation is a wor?y         
ent]prise t enli/s ! int]e/ ( all memb]s
 ( ! gr\p & unifies !m ^u ! plane ( a   
common purpose4 ,9 ! common que/ !y     
become memb]s 9 a social compact ^:     
object is ! inve/igation ( "s subject t 
has be5 f\nd wor?y ! att5tion & ?\ghtful
 consid]ation ( s*ol>s & au?ors4  ,!    
gang elem5t4--,! memb]s ( ! gr\p        
repres5t all /rata ( society1 & ! gr\p  
is1 9 consequ5ce1 a work+ democracy4    

,mov+ 9 ! same direction "u a common    
impulse & int5t ^u a laudable ent]prise1
 race & class di/9ctions are consid]$   
negligible1 if1 inde$1 !y are n entirely
 ov]look$ or =gott54 ,! gr\p is1 9 tru?1
 a sublimat$ gang ) ! undesirable       
elem5ts elim9at$ & ! pot5tial qualities 
( ! gang reta9$4 ,! gang _s :5 impell+ 9
 "r directions & t[>d wor?y ends is to  
be highly comm5d$4 ,9 ! gang1 ea* memb] 
/imulates & re5=ces ! o!r memb]s1 & _!  
a*ievem5ts 9 comb9ation amply ju/ify _! 
cooep]ation4 ,! pot5cy ( ! gang _s is   
well exemplifi$ 9 su* ent]prises z tag  
day = ! b5efit ( *>ity1 ! sale ( ,r$    
,cross /amps1 & ! sale ( special        
editions ( pap]s4 ,p will+ly enli/ 9 ^! 
ent]prises :o w\ld n d s b = ! elem5t ( 
cooep]ation4 ,we h come to recognize &  
write ^u ! psy*ology ( ! gang1 & !      
socializ$ recitation /rives to utilize  
^! psy*ological pr9ciples = ! advancem5t
 & advantage ( ! ent]prise 9 h&4        
,propriet>y int]e/4--,9 a cooep]ative   
ent]prise su* z ! "o "u consid]ation ea*

 memb] ( ! gr\p feels a s5se (          
responsibility = ! success ( ! ent]prise
 z a :ole1 & ?is makes = increas$ ef=t4 
,9 ! traditional recitation ! pupil     
feels responsibility only = t "p ( !    
lesson ^u :i* he is call$ to recite4 ,9 
8 ?9k+ ! ent]prise belongs to ! tea*]1 &
 !re=e he feels no propriet>y int]e/4   
,if ! lesson is a failure1 he exp]i5ces 
no special compunction2 if a success1 he
 feels no special elation4 ,if ! trunk )
 :i* he /ruggles up ! /airs is 8 own1 he
 has ! feel+ ( a victor :5 he rea*es !  
top2 b s9ce x belongs to ! tea*]1 he    
feels t he has f9i%$ a disagreeable     
task1 takes 8 comp5sat+ pittance 9 ! =m 
( a grade1 & goes on 8 complac5t way4 ,!
 boy :o digs potatoes f 8 own g>d5 ?9ks 
!m l>g] & smoo!r ?an ! ones he digs =   
wages4 ,! latt] are potatoes1 :ile ! =m]
 are 8 potatoes4 ,propriet>y int]e/ s9ks
 its roots deep into ! motives t impel  
to action4  ,?is int]e/ 9 practice4--,! 
recitation 9 "q /rives to g5]ate a      
propriet>y int]e/ 9 ! ent]prise on ! "p 

( e memb] ( ! class s t ea* "o may h a  
%>e 9 ! joy ( success4 ,su* an int]e/   
gives direction & efficacy to ! "w ( !  
class ex]cise4 ,giv5 su* an int]e/1 !   
pupil w n sit in]t ?r\gh ! p]iod unless 
/imulat$ by a "q f ! tea*]1 b w ask     
intellig5t & p]t95t que/ions to help !  
ent]prise along4 ,moreov]1 ea* pupil1   
because ( 8 propriet>y int]e/ 9 !       
ent]prise1 w feel con/ra9$ to br+ to    
class su* subsidi>y aids z 8 home af=ds4
 ,8 int]e/ causes him to react to       
clipp+s1 pictures1 magaz9e articles1    
books1 & conv]sations t h a be>+ ^u !   
topic1 & ^! he contributes opportunely 9
 8 zeal = ! success ( ! recitation4 ,8  
pockets become productive ( a v>i$      
assortm5t ( mat]ials t ! t5tacles ( 8   
int]e/ h seiz$ ^u 9 8 prep>ation = !    
ev5t1 & s all memb]s ( ! class become   
b5efici>ies ( 8 explorations &          
discov]ies4  ,! pot5cy ( own]%ip4--,a   
*ild is int]e/$ 9 8 own ?+s4 ,! little  
girl fondles h] doll 9 ! mo/ t5d] way1  
ev5 ?\gh x does n measure up to !       

accept$ /&>ds ( excell5ce or elegance4  
,b x is h] doll2 h5ce h] affection4     
,volumes h be5 writt5 ^u ! g5]al subject
 ( int]e/1 & we h be5 admoni%$ to atta* 
our tea*+ to ! native int]e/s ( ! *ild1 
b ! fundam5tal int]e/ ( proprietor%ip   
has /rangely en\gh be5 ov]look$4 ,if we 
want to discov] & localize ! *ild's     
int]e/1 we h b to make an inv5tory ( 8  
possessions4 ,8 pony1 8 dog1 or 8 c>t w 
discov] to u "o ( 8 int]e/s4 ,aga91 if  
we w\ld g5]ate an int]e/ 9 ! *ild1 we h 
b to make him consci\s t he is ! own] ( 
! ?+ = :i* we hope to awak5 8 int]e/4   
,?is is fundam5tal 9 ?is type (         
recitation4 ,! tea*] effaces h]self z   
mu* z possible 9 ord] to develop 9 !    
pupils a feel+ ( proprietor%ip 9 !      
ex]cise 9 progress1 & ! pupils are quick
 to take ! advantage ?us af=d$ to make !
 "w _! own4  ,exemplifi$ 9 society4--,! 
socializ$ recitation has its c\nt]p>t 9 
_m a gr\p 9 society4 ,9 ! blacksmi? %op1
 at ! groc]y1 9 ! b>b] %op1 9 ! (fice1  
at ! club1 & 9 ! field1 we f9d gr\ps ( p

 9 e>ne/1 animat$ conv]sation or        
discussion4 ,!y are discuss+ politics1  
religion1 community affairs1 public     
improvem5ts1 t>iff1 w>1 fa%ions1 crops1 
live /ock1 or ma*9]y4 ,:atev] ! topic1  
!y pursue ! give-&-take policy 9 _!     
ef=ts to arrive at ! tru?4 ,!y conte/ e 
po9t & make concessions only :5 !y are  
confront$ by indisputable facts4 ,"s    
feel+1 or ev5 acrimony1 may be g5]at$ 9 
! c\rse ( ! discussion1 b ?is is always 
acc\nt$ a weakness & a sub/itute = valid
 argum5t4 ,! recitation is r m decor\s  
?an "s ( ^! o!r discussions1 b1 9       
pr9ciple1 !y are id5tical4 ,e "o has    
fre$om to express 8 convictions & to    
adduce contributory argum5ts or evid5ce4
 ,!re are no re/rictions save ! impli$  
"o ( decorum4 ,! utmo/ c\rtesy obta9s 9 
! recitation1 ev5 at ! sacrifice ( "s   
eag]ness4 ,!re may be a half-doz5 memb]s
 ( ! gr\p on _! feet & anxi\s to be     
he>d1 b !y d n int]rupt "o ano!r )\t due
 apology4  ,abid+ resultants4--,unlike  
"s ( _! eld]s1 !y are ready to ackn[l$ge

 mi/akes & to make concessions4 ,!y d n 
scruple to correct ! mi/akes ( o!rs1    
kn[+ t corrections w be gratefully      
receiv$1 b !y d n accept m]e /atem5ts f 
"o ano!r4 ,!y mu/ h evid5ce4 ,!y combat 
/atem5ts ) evid5ce f books or o!r s\rces
 t are reg>d$ z au?orities4 ,!y read    
extracts1 or draw diagrams1 or display  
pictures or specim5s 9 support ( _!     
cont5tions4 ,!re is animation1 to be    
sure2 &1 at times1 ! flu%$ face & !     
fla%+ eye betok5 int5se feel+4 ,b !     
psy*ologi/ kn[s full well t ^!          
expressions int5sify & make abid+ !     
impressions4 ,bo? 9 victory & 9 defeat !
 pupil comes to an appreciation ( !     
tru?4 ,defeat may humiliate1 b he w     
ev]more "k ! rock on :i* 8 craft 0      
wreck$4 ,victory may elate & exalt1 b he
 w n =get ! occasion or ! facts4 ,!     
tru?s ( ! lesson become enme%$ 9 8 n]v\s
 sy/em & ?r\gh\t life !y w be a "p (    
himself4  ,reflex influ5ce4--,/ill      
fur!r1 ?is type ( recitation rea*es back
 into ! home & begets a :olesome        

cooep]ation betwe5 ! home & ! s*ool1 &  
?is is a desid]atum ( no slight import4 
,! ev5ts ( ! day are rec\nt$ at ! home 9
 ! ev5+1 & ! contributions ( ! memb]s ( 
! family are deposit$ z assets 9 !      
recitation ! next day4 ,!n ! family is  
eag] to le>n ( ! reactions ( ! class to 
_! contributions4 ,su* a community (    
int]e/s _c be conf9$ to ! f\r walls ( a 
home1 b f9ds its way to o!r homes & to  
places ( bus9ess2 ! discussions ( !     
class become ! prop]ty ( society1 & !   
influ5ce is mo/ salut>y4 ,indirectly1 ! 
s*ool is af=d+ ! p ( ! community _m     
pr(itable topics ( conv]sation1 & ^!    
readily supplant ! futile & less        
pr(itable topics4 ,x is easy to measure 
! intellig5ce ( an individual or ( a    
community by not+ ! topics (            
conv]sation4 ,gossip & small talk d n   
?rive 9 a soil t has be5 ?or\ghly       
inoculat$ ) hi/ory1 art1 music1         
lit]ature1 economics1 & /atecraft4      
,influ5ce ^u pupils4--,f ! =ego+ x w be 
se5 t ?is type ( recitation repres5ts1 n

 a modus op]&i1 b1 r1 a modus viv5di1 n 
a way ( do+ ?+s1 m]ely1 b a mann] (     
liv+4 ,! "w ( ! s*ool is r$eem$ f !     
plane ( a task & lift$ to ! plane ( a   
privilege4 ,! pupil's initiative is giv5
 full recognition & inspirit+ fre$om    
ensues4 ,! tea*] is n a taskma/] b a    
fri5d 9 ne$4 ,pupils & tea*] live & "w  
toge!r 9 an ent]prise 9 :i* !y h common 
int]e/s4 ,! emolum5ts att5d+ success are
 %>$ equally & !re is no place = envy 9 
! di/ribution ( divid5ds4 ,!re is fair  
deal+ 9 e detail ( ! "w1 ) no semblance 
( discrim9ation4 ,!re is a ca% basis 9 e
 transaction4 ,if a pupil's (f]+s are   
reject$1 he sees at once t !y are       
inf]ior to o!rs & becomes a will+       
%>ehold] 9 ! ones t are sup]ior to 8    
own4 ,no?+ t is spuri\s or c\nt]feit c  
ga9 curr5cy 9 ! ent]prise1 because ( !  
critical inspection ( ! memb]s ( ! gr\p1
 all ( :om are jeal\s = ! pres]vation ( 
! integrity ( _! organization4  ,9 ?is  
cross section ( life we f9d "y p le>n+1 
by ! laboratory me?od1 ! real mean+ (   

reciprocity2 we f9d !m w9n+ ! viewpo9ts 
( o!rs ) no abatem5t or abrogation ( _! 
own individuality2 we f9d !m able &     
will+ to make concessions = ! g5]al     
good2 we f9d !m le>n+ ju/ice &          
discrim9ation 9 _! assessm5t ( values2  
we f9d !m enl>g+ _! horizons by asc5d+  
to high] levels ( intellig5ce4 ,?is "w  
is z mu* a "p ( life = !m z _! food or  
_! games & !y accept x on ! same t]ms4  
,!y are becom+ upright1 intellig5t1     
effective citiz5s by p]=m+ "s ( ! "w t  
engages ! "t & en]gies ( su* citiz5s4   
,!y are le>n+ h[ to live by ! exp]i5ce (
 actual liv+4  ,"p ( an actual          
recitation giv54--,"s s*ools h develop$ 
?is type ( recitation to a v complete   
degree & 9 a v effective way4 ,9 "o su* 
s*ool ! "y woman :o tea*es ! subject (  
hi/ory makes ! foll[+ report ( a "p ( "o
 ( h] recitations 9 ?is /udy3  ,! class 
0 call$ to ord] by ! *airman = !        
assignm5t = ! next day's lesson1 :i*    
proce$$ z foll[s3  ,tea*]3--,to-morr[ we
 %all h = ! "w ( ?is conv5tion ! ,new   

,con/itution z a :ole4 ,we are ready =  
sugge/ions z to h[ we _h be/ proce$4    
,e>l3--,x seems to me t a good way w\ld 
be to comp>e x ) ! ,articles (          
,conf$]ation4  ,joe3--,i don't q get y\r
 idea4 ,d y mean to take !m article by  
article8  ,e>l3--,yes4  7,joe & ,frank  
beg9 at ! same "t4 ,tea*] indicates ,joe
 by nod47  ,joe3--,b !re are s _m ?+s 9 
! new t are n 9 ! old4  ,e>l3--,t is j  
x4 ,let's make a li/ ( ! po9ts 9 "o t d 
n appe> 9 ! o!r4 ,!n by inve/igation &  
discussion see if we c tell :y4         
,tea*]3--,frank1 y _h some?+ to say a   
mom5t ago4  ,frank3--,n on ,e>l's plan1 
:i* ,i ?9k an excell5t "o1 b ,i wi%$ to 
ask ! class if !y ?9k x important :ile  
look+ ?r\gh ^! two docum5ts to keep 9   
m9d ! que/ions3 ,is ?is ! way ?+s are   
done to-day8 & ,does ?is apply 9 our own
 city8 & ,9 case ! ,presid5t or         
,congress fail$ 9 _! duty1 :at c\ld ! p 
d ab\t x8  ,ella3--,x seems to me t     
,frank's sugge/ion is a good "o = x be>s
 ^u :at we decid$ 9 ! beg9n+1 t we mu/  

apply ! hi/ory ( ! pa/ to see h[ x      
affects u to-day4  ,violet3--,i %\ld l  
to "k h[ ! p receiv$ ! "w ( ?is         
conv5tion4 ,y "k t x 0 all s secret no  
"o knew :at !y 7 do+ beh9d _! clos$     
doors4 ,if ! p 7 l !y are to-day !re    
w\ld c]ta9ly be "s opposition to ! ,new 
,con/itution4  ,elsie3--,good4 ,mr4     
,*airman1 ,i move t ,violet report !    
reception & rejection ( ! ,new          
,con/itution by ! p ( ! sev]al ,/ates z 
a special topic = to-morr[4             
,rob]t3--,second ! motion4              
,*airman3--,miss ,br[n1 h y any         
sugge/ion z to "t limit8  ,tea*]3--,i   
sugge/ t5 m9utes4 7,*airman puts vote & 
sugge/ion is c>ri$47  ,tea*]3--,mr4     
,*airman1 may we h ! secret>y read !    
sev]al po9ts 9 ! assignm5t8  ,at !      
*airman's reque/ ! secret>y reads & !   
class note z foll[s3 ,/udy ( ! ,new     
,con/itution1 emphasiz+ po9ts (         
simil>ity & diff]5ce4  ,seek reasons =  
same4  ,application ( ,con/itution to   
our pres5t-day life4  ,rem$y = failures 

if (fic]s fail to d _! duty4  ,special  
topic t5 m9utes 9 l5g? on ! reception ( 
! ,con/itution by ! p ( ! diff]5t       
,/ates4  ,tea*]3--,i ?9k t w be         
en\gh--consult ! text4 ,9 connection ) !
 special topic "s valuable mat]ial may  
be f\nd 9 ! ,civics section 9 ! ref]5ce 
room4 ,! o!r ref]5ces on ?is subject y  
_h giv5 y4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 may we h !    
secret>y read ! po9ts br\ght out by     
ye/]day's recitation8   ,,que/ions ,,&  
,,ex]cises  #a4 ,:at is meant by !      
socializ$ recitation z ! t]m is "h us$8 
#b4 ,def9e sep>ately ! ^w socializ$ z   
us$ 9 ?is connection4  #c4 ,:at are !   
tea*]'s functions 9 su* a recitation8   
#d4 ,:at are ! tea*]'s functions 9 !    
traditional recitation8  #e4 ,comp>e !  
k9ds ( k requir$ ( a tea*] 9 connection 
) ! two types ( recitations4  #f4       
,sugge/ a me?od ( proce$+ 9 a socializ$ 
recitation & %[ ! advantages ( ! me?od4 
#g4 ,give "s ( ! reasons :y ! socializ$ 
recitation enhances int]e/4  #h4 ,:at is
 ! ess5ce ( ! gang _s8  #i4 ,comp>e ! "*

 & ext5t ( ! individual's responsibility
 9 ! two types ( recitations4  #aj4 ,9  
:at o!r ways is ! socializ$ recitation  
likely to produce bett] reactions8  #aa4
 ,"s "o says t ! conv5tion /yle (       
recitation w n d1 because a few d all ( 
! "w4 ,f y\r exp]i5ce or obs]vation d y 
f9d ?is true8 ,if s1 is ?is condition   
peculi> to t type ( recitation8 ,sugge/ 
me?ods ( c\nt]act+ ?is t5d5cy 9 !       
socializ$ class4 ,w\ld ^! prove         
effective 9 a class taught 9 ! ord9>y   
way8  #ab4 ,is "o likely to ov]e/imate !
 value ( "o's possessions1 m5tal or     
physical8 ,are ! pupils 7& p]haps !     
tea*]7 likely to ov]e/imate :at is done 
9 ! socializ$ recitation8 ,:at ?+s may  
(fset ?is t5d5cy8  #ac4 ,comp>e !       
socializ$ recitation ) a debate4  #ad4  
,comp>e x ) an ord9>y discussion or     
argum5t4  #ae4 ,%[ j :y ! results ( !   
socializ$ recitation are likely to be   
p]man5t4  #af4 ,h[ does socializ$ class 
"w affect ! home & society8  #ag4 ,?\gh 
s*ool is a prep>ation = life1 x1 at !   

same "t1 is life4 ,%[ t ! socializ$     
recitation presupposes ?is tru?4  #ah4  
,comp>e ! value ( ! assignm5t ( a hi/ory
 lesson 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 ! notes    
quot$ ) ! value ( an ord9>y assignm5t4  
#ai4 ,describe at lea/ "o o!r socializ$ 
recitation4  #bj4 ,comp>e socializ$ "w z
 describ$ 9 ,scott's ,social ,education 
7,c4 ,a4 ,scott1 ,g9n  ,co41 #aijh7 ) ! 
socializ$ recitation "h describ$1 z to  
7a7 aim1 7b7 me?od1 7c7 results4  #ba4  
,lessons require two k9ds ( indu/ry1 !  
private individual indu/ry & ! social   
indu/ry or class "w4 ,is ?is true8 ,if  
s1 :at sort ( recitation-lesson w       
/imulate ea* k9d8     ,,*apt] ,,xvi     
,,agriculture   ,agriculture a typical  
/udy4--,9 ! vitaliz$ s*ool ! subject (  
agriculture is typical & may pr(itably  
be elaborat$ some:at by way ( illu/rat+ 
! relation ( a subject to s*ool         
proc$ure4 ,f :atev] angle we approa* !  
subject ( agriculture we f9d x          
inextricably connect$ ) human life4 ,?is
 fact alone gives to x ! rank ( fir/    

importance4 ,its pres5t prom95ce z a    
s*ool /udy is conclusive evid5ce t ^? :o
 are *>g$ ) ! responsibility ( adm9i/]+ 
! s*ools are becom+ consci\s ( ! ne$ =  
vitaliz+ !m4 ,"t 0 :5 ari?metic 0 reg>d$
 z ! mo/ practical subject 9 ! s*ool &1 
!re=e1 x 0 giv5 prec$5ce ov] all o!rs4  
,hi/ory1 gramm>1 & geography 7 relegat$ 
to second>y rank1 & agriculture 0 n ev5 
?\ght ( z a s*ool /udy4 ,b z population 
increas$ & ! problem ( provid+ food     
began to loom l>ge 9 ! public           
consci\sness1 ! subject ( agriculture   
assum$ an importance t r5d]$ x wor?y a  
place 9 ! s*ool curriculum4 ,x is a high
 tribute to ! s*ool t :5ev] any subject 
takes hold ( ! public m9d ! s*ool is    
?\ght ( at once z ! be/ ag5cy =         
promulgat+ t subject4 ,! subjects (     
temp]ance & milit>y tra9+ aptly         
illu/rate ?is /atem5t ( fact4  ,its     
rapid developm5t4--,s soon1 !re=e1 z !  
subject ( agriculture became prom95t 9 !
 public consci\sness !re ensu$ a spe$y  
developm5t ( colleges & s*ools (        

agriculture = ! tra9+ ( tea*]s4 ,?is    
movem5t 0 prophetic ( ! plan & purpose  
to incorporate ?is /udy 9 ! s*ool       
regime4 ,& ?is prophecy has be5         
fulfill$1 = ! s*ool n[ looks ^u         
agriculture z a basic /udy4 ,true1 we   
are z yet only feel+ our way1 & t = ! v 
good reason t ! magnitude ( ! subject   
bewild]s u4 ,we h writt5 _m textbooks on
 ! subject t 7 soon supplem5t$ by bett] 
ones4 ,! m ! subject is /udi$1 ! m we   
appreciate its f>-rea*+ ramifications4  
,we f9d x atta*+ itself to _m o!r       
subjects to :i* x seem$ to h b remote   
relation 9 ! e>li] /ages ( our /udy4 ,9 
brief1 we are n[ on ! bord]l& ( a       
realization ( ! fact t agriculture is z 
broad z life &1 !re=e1 mu/ embrace _m   
o!r /udies t h a close relation to life4
  ,relation to geology & o!r            
sci5ces4--,9 ! beg9n+1 geology &        
agriculture seem$ f> ap>t1 b our clos]  
/udy ( agriculture has reveal$ ! fact t 
!y are intimately relat$4 ,x rema9$ =   
agriculture to lay ! "r emphasis ^u     

geology4 ,! /udy ( ! composition &      
nature ( ! soil c>ri$ u at once to a    
/udy ( its orig9 & we f\nd ourselves at 
! v door ( geology4 ,:5 we began to     
inquire h[ ! soil came to be :]e x is & 
:at x is1 we f\nd ourselves ye>n+ = new 
& cle>] l9es ( dem>cation 9 sci5ce1 = we
 c\ld sc>cely di/+ui% betwe5 geology &  
physiography4 ,we soon trac$ our        
alluvial pla9s back to _! upl& orig91 & 
!n we 7 compell$ to expla9 _! migration4
 ,?is l$ u inevitably into ! realm (    
meteorology1 =1 if we omit meteorology1 
! *a9 is brok5 & we lose our way 9 our  
se>* = ! explanation we ne$4 ,b hav+    
avail$ ourselves ( ! aid ( meteorology1 
we h a /ory t is full ( m>vel\s         
int]e/--! great /ory ( ! evolution ( !  
cornfield4 ,9 ?is /ory we f9d _m allur+ 
details ( evaporation1 air movem5ts1    
precipitation1 erosion1 & ! attraction (
 gravitation4 ,b 9 all ?is we are b l+]+
 9 ! ant]oom ( agriculture4  ,!         
importance ( botany4--,advanc+ b a s+le 
/ep we f9d ourselves 9 ! realm ( botany1

 :i* is a field s va/ & s fasc9at+ t m5 
h devot$ an entire lifetime to its      
wond]s1 & !n realiz$ t !y _h b made a   
beg9n+ 9 ! way ( explor+ its            
possibilities4 ,9 our own "t ,mr4       
,burbank has made 8 "n kn[n ?r\gh\t ! _w
 by 8 "w 9 "o phase ( ?is subject1 & a  
score ( o!r ,burbanks might be work+ )  
equal success 9 o!r bran*es ( ! subject 
& /ill n tr5* ^u "o ano!r's doma94      
,v5turesome1 inde$1 w\ld be ! prophet :o
 w\ld attempt to pr$ict ! developm5ts 9 
! field ( botany 9 ! next c5tury 9 ! way
 ( provid+ food1 %elt]1 & clo?+ = !     
race4 ,! possibilities /agg] !          
imag9ation & ! prophet /&s bewild]$ z he
 faces ?is ev]-wid5+ field4 ,b botany1  
va/ z x is se5 to be1 is only "o ( !    
bran*+ sci5ces connect$ ) agriculture4  
,physics & *emi/ry4--,ano!r advance br+s
 u into ! wide & f]tile field ( physics 
& *emi/ry1 = 9 ^! subjects we f9d !     
means ( int]pret+ mu* 9 agriculture t   
)\t _! aid w\ld elude our grasp4 ,we h  
only to resolve a gra9 ( corn into its  

compon5t elem5ts to realize ! pot5cy &  
scope ( *emi/ry4 ,!n if we inquire into 
! s\rces ( ^! elem5ts z !y h come f !   
soil to =m ?is gra9 ( corn1 !           
indisp5sability ( a k ( *emi/ry w become
 m app>5t4 ,9 our explanations we %all  
soon come ^u capill>y attraction1 & !   
p]son is dull1 inde$1 :o does n /& 9 awe
 be=e ! my/]y ( ?is subject4 ,if we     
broad5 our inquiry s z to compass !     
evolution ( an e> ( corn1 we %all       
realize t we h ent]$ ^u an inquiry ( va/
 & fasc9at+ import4 ,! intricate &      
delicate processes ( gr[?1 comb9+1 z !y 
d1 ! influ5ces ( sun%9e & moi/ure & !   
conv]sion into food products ( elem5ts  
^: orig9 goes back to primeval          
times1--^! processes are altoge!r wor?y 
( ! comb9$ en?usiasms ( sci5ti/ & poet4 
,physiology4--,b no m5tion has be5 made1
 z yet1 ( ! sci5ce ( physiology1 :i*1   
alone1 requires volumes4 ,we h b to ask 
h[ :eat is conv]t$ into bra9 p[] to come
 ^u a realization ( ! magnitude ( ! /udy
 ( ?is sci5ce4 ,we h only to relax !    

lea% ( fancy to see t !re are no limits 
to ! excursions t may be made 9 ?is     
field4 ,if we all[ fancy to roam1 tak+ !
 a po/]iori c\rse1 we might beg9 )      
,p>adise ,lo/ & rea* its s\rces 9 g>d5 &
 field1 9 or*>d1 & 9 pa/ure :]e graze   
flocks & h]ds4 ,b 9 any su* fanciful    
me&]+ we %\ld be well )9 ! limits (     
physiology1 & %\ld be try+ to int]pret !
 adaptation ( means to end1 or1 to use !
 language ( ! pres5t1 we %\ld be mak+ a 
que/ to det]m9e h[ ! products ( field1  
or*>d1 & pa/ure may be utiliz$ t !y may 
function 9 poetry1 9 oratory1 9         
discov]ies1 & 9 inv5tions4 ,9 %ort1 we  
%\ld be try+ to expla9 to ourselves h[  
agriculture functions 9 life4  ,art z an
 auxili>y4--,9 a rec5t "w ( fiction a   
*apt] op5s ) a picture ( a little girl  
eat+ a slice ( bread & butt] :i* is     
fur!r surm\nt$ by apple sauce & sug>4   
,if ! au?or ( ! book ,agriculture &     
,life _h only caught a glimpse ( ?is    
picture1 he might h *ang$ ! title ( 8   
book to ,life & ,agriculture4 ,he       

c]ta9ly w\ld h giv5 to ! life elem5t f> 
m prom95ce ?an 8 book 9 its pres5t =m   
af=ds4 ,8 title makes a promise :i* !   
book itself does n r$eem1 m's ! pity4   
,if sci5ce w\ld use art z an ally1 x ne$
 n be less sci5tific1 & its tea*+s w\ld 
prove f> m palatable4 ,! little girl )  
h] bread & butt] w\ld prove q z apt z an
 introductory picture = a book on       
agriculture z = a "w ( fiction4 ,x      
matt]s n t agriculture includes s _m o!r
 sci5ces1 = life is ! great objective ( 
! /udy ( all ^!1 & ! little girl        
exemplifies life4  ,relation ( sci5ces  
to life4--,! pictures are practically   
endless ) :i* we might introduce ! /udy 
( agriculture--a boy 9 ! turnip field1 a
 milkmaid beside ! c[1 or ,millet's     
celebrat$ picture ,fe$+ ! ,birds4 ,&1   
soon] or lat]1 pursu+ our j\rney f su* a
 />t+ po9t1 we %all arrive at           
physiology1 *emi/ry1 botany1 physics1   
meteorology1 & geology1 & /ill nev] be  
deta*$ f ! subject ( life4 ,9 ! s*ool   
consci\sness agriculture & dome/ic      

sci5ce seem f> ap>t1 b by "r tea*+ !y   
are made to m]ge 9 ! subject ( life4 ,^u
 t plane we f9d !m to be complem5t>y &  
reciprocal4 ,9 ! same way *emi/ry1      
botany1 & physiology m]ge 9 agriculture 
= ! reason t all ^! sci5ces z well z    
agriculture h to d ) life4 ,9 !         
traditional s*ool *emi/ry is taught z   
*emi/ry--z a bran* ( sci5ce1 & ! le>n]  
is enc\rag$ to seek = k4 ,9 ! vitaliz$  
s*ool ! tru?s ( *emi/ry are no less     
cle>ly reveal$1 b1 9 addition1 _!       
relations to life are made manife/1 & ! 
le>n] has a full] appreciation ( life1  
because ( 8 /udy ( *emi/ry4             
,traditional me?ods4--,9 ! traditional  
s*ool dome/ic sci5ce is taught t ! girl 
may le>n h[ to cook2 b 9 ! vitaliz$     
s*ool ! girl le>ns h[ to cook t %e may  
be able to make life m agreeable &      
productive bo? = h]self & = o!rs4 ,9 !  
traditional s*ool ! /udy ( agriculture  
consi/s ( ! te/+ ( soils & se$s1 work+  
out sci5tific !ories on ! subject ( !   
rotation ( crops1 te/+ = food values !  

v>i\s products ( ! f>m1 judg+ /ock1     
/udy+ ! be/ me?od ( propagat+ & c>+ =   
or*>ds1 & te/+ = ! mo/ economic         
processes = cons]v+ & m>ket+ crops4 ,9 !
 vitaliz$ s*ool all ?is is done1 b ?is  
is n ! ultimate goal ( ! /udy4 ,! end is
 n rea*$ until all ^! ramifications h   
t\*$ life4  ,! *ild z !                 
objective4--,rev]t+ once m to ! little  
girl ( ! picture1 x w be conc$$1 ^u     
c>eful consid]ation1 t %e is ! c5t] &   
focus ( all ! activities ( m9d & h&     
p]ta9+ to agriculture4 ,e furr[ t is    
pl[$ is pl[$ = h]2 e tree t is plant$ is
 plant$ = h]2 e crop t is h>ve/$ is     
h>ve/$ = h]2 & e tra9load ( gra9 is mov+
 t[>d h] z its de/9ation4 ,b = h]1 f>m  
ma*9]y w\ld be sil5t1 or*>ds w\ld decay1
 tra9s w\ld cease to move1 & comm]ce    
w\ld be no m4 ,%e x is t causes ! :eels 
to turn1 ! h>ve/]s to g =? to ! fields1 
! exp]im5t /ations to be equipp$ &      
op]at$1 ! m>kets to ?rob ) activity1 & !
 %ips ( comm]ce to ply ! ocean4 ,= h] ! 
or*>d1 ! gran>y1 ! dairy1 & ! loom give 

( _! /ores1 & a million will+ h&s till1 
& toil1 & sp94  ,! /ory ( bread4--,b !  
bread & butt]1 ! apple sauce1 & ! sug>6 
,!y may n be omitt$ f ! picture4 ,!     
bread transports u to ! fields ( wav+   
gra9 & conjures up 9 our imag9ation     
visions ( h>ve/]s ) _! implem5ts1 wagons
 groan+ b5ea? _! gold5 loads1 ri*es (   
gra9 p\r+ =? f ma*9es1 & br+s to our    
no/rils ! tang ( ! h>ve/ "t4 ,into ?is  
slice ( bread ! sun has p\r$ 8 weal? (  
sun%9e all ! summ] long1 & into x !     
k9dly cl\ds h di/ill$ _! treasures4 ,9 x
 we f9d ! glory ( ! sunrise1 ! sp>kl+   
dewdrop1 ! song ( ! rob91 ! g5tle moo+ (
 ! c[s1 ! murmur ( ! brook1 & ! creak+ (
 ! mill :eel4 ,9 x we read ! poetry ( ! 
morn+ & ( ! ev5+1 ! prophecy ( !        
noontide heat1 & ! mighty proclamations 
( ,nature4 ,& x tells u *>m+ /ories (   
heal?1 ( rosy *eeks1 ( laugh+ eyes1 (   
happ9ess1 ( love & s]vice4  ,food &     
life4--,! butt]1 ! apple sauce1 & ! sug>
 ea* has a /ory ( its own to tell t     
r5d]s fiction weak by comp>ison4 ,if our

 he>ts 7 b attun$ to ! *>m & romance ( !
 /ories !y h to tell1 e breakfa/-table  
w\ld be r$ol5t ) ! fragrance (          
?anksgiv+4 ,if our he>ts 7 responsive to
 ! eloqu5ce ( ^! /ories1 !n eat+ w\ld   
become a c]emony & ^u ! f>m] :o provides
 our food w\ld desc5d our *oice/        
b5$ictions4 ,if ! scales c\ld b fall f  
our eyes t we might behold ! visions :i*
 our food =etells1 we c\ld look d[n !   
vi/a ( ! ye>s & see ! *ildr5 gr[n to    
manhood & womanhood1 happy & busy 9 _!  
"w ( enl>g+ & beautify+ civilization4   
,agriculture ! s\rce (                  
life4--,agriculture is n ! sordid ?+ t  
our dull eyes & he>ts w\ld make x appe>4
 ,9 x we %all f9d ! romance ( a ,victor 
,hugo1 ! poetry ( a ,%elley or a        
,%akespe>e1 ! music ( a ,moz>t1 !       
eloqu5ce ( a ,demo/h5es1 & ! pa9t+ ( a  
,raphael1 :5 we are able to int]pret its
 real relation to life4 ,:5 ! morn+ />s 
sang toge!r !y 7 celebrat+ ! bir? (     
agriculture1 b man became bewild]$ 9 !  
mazes ( comm]cialism & =got ! music ( ! 

/>s4 ,x is ! high mission ( ! vitaliz$  
s*ool to lead u back f our w&]+s & to   
re/ore u to our rightful e/ate amid !   
beauties1 ! inspiration1 ! poetry1 & !  
f>-rea*+ prophecies ( agriculture4 ,?is 
x c d only by reveal+ to u !            
possibilities1 ! glories1 & ! joy ( life
 & caus+ u to "k t agriculture is !     
s\rce ( life4  ,syn!tic tea*+4--,!      
analytic tea*+ ( agriculture w n avail2 
we mu/ h ! syn!tic also4 ,too long h we 
/opp$ %ort ) analysis4 ,we h come )9    
sight ( ! promis$ l& b h fail$ to g up &
 possess x4 ,we h /udi$ ! skeleton (    
agriculture b h fail$ to end[ x ) life4 
,we mu/ keep be=e our eyes ! picture ( !
 little girl4 ,we mu/ feel t !          
qu9tess5ce & _s ( agriculture ?robs     
?r\gh all ! art]ies ( life4 ,"h lies !  
field 9 :i* imag9ation c d its p]fect   
"w4 ,"h is a subject 9 :i* ! vitaliz$   
s*ool may f9d its highe/ & be/          
ju/ification4 ,by no means is x ! only  
/udy t fitly exemplifies life1 b1 9 ?is 
respect1 x is typical1 & !re=e a wor?y  

/udy4 ,on ! side ( analysis ! tea*] f9ds
 ! blade ( grass to be a ?+ ( life2 on !
 side ( syn!sis %e f9ds ! blade ( grass 
to be a life-giv+ ?+4 ,& ! syn!sis is no
 less 9 accord ) sci5ce ?an ! analysis4 
,! elem5t ( fai?4--,!n aga9 agriculture 
& life meet & m]ge on ! plane ( fai?4 ,!
 elem5t ( fai? f]tilizes life & causes x
 to br+ =? 9 abundance4 ,man mu/ h fai? 
9 himself1 fai? 9 ! p ab\t him1 & fai? 9
 8 own plans & purposes to make 8 life  
pot5t & pleasurable4 ,by fai? he atta*es
 ! tru?s ( sci5ce to 8 plans & ?us to ! 
processes ( life2 = )\t ! fai? ( man ^! 
tru?s ( sci5ce are b /atic4 ,fai? gives 
!m _! work+ qualities4 ,!re is fai? 9 ! 
pl[+ ( ea* furr[1 fai? 9 ! s[+ ( ! se$1 
fai? 9 ! plant+ ( ea* tree1 & fai? 9 !  
pur*ase ( ea* ma*9e4 ,! f>m] :o builds a
 silo has fai? t ! products ( ! summ] w 
br+ joy & heal? to ! w9t]4 ,by fai? he  
transmutes ! m\nta9s ( toil into valleys
 ( delight4 ,?r\gh ! eyes ( fai? he sees
 ! "w ( 8 h&s br++ 9 gold5 %eaves (     
heal? & gladness to 8 own & o!r homes4  

,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4 ,9 :at   
ways is agriculture a typical /udy8  #b4
 ,:y 0 its importance n realiz$ until   
rec5tly8  #c4 ,:at educational ag5cy 9  
y\r /ate fir/ reflect$ ! ne$ ( sci5tific
 in/ruction 9 agriculture8  #d4 ,! /udy 
( agriculture 9 ! public s*ool 0 at fir/
 ridicul$4 ,:y8 ,:at is n[ ! g5]al      
attitude t[>d x8  #e4 ,to :at ext5t is !
 /udy ( agriculture important 9 ! city  
s*ool8 ,is !re ano!r subject z important
 = ! city s*ool z agriculture is = !    
rural s*ool8  #f4 ,m5tion "s s*ool      
subjects t are closely relat$ to        
agriculture4 ,%[ h[ ea* is relat$ to    
agriculture4  #g4 ,is ,lu!r ,burbank's  
"w to be reg>d$ z botanical or z        
agricultural8 ,:y8 ,to :i* ( ^! sci5ces 
d plant v>iation & improvem5t prop]ly   
belong8  #h4 ,9 _m s*ools agriculture & 
dome/ic sci5ce are associat$ 9 !        
curriculum4 ,:at h !y 9 common to ju/ify
 ?is8  #i4 ,9 ! *emi/ry class 9 a c]ta9 
s*ool food products are exam9$ = purity4
 ,h[ w ?is increase ! pupils' k (       

*emi/ry8  #aj4 ,9 a c]ta9 s*ool six     
girls appo9t$ = ! day cook lun*eon = "o 
hundr$ p]sons1 six o!r girls s]ve x1 &  
six o!rs figure ! co/s4 ,criticize ?is  
plan4  #aa4 ,%[ h[ "s p>ticul> phase (  
agricultural in/ruction may function 9  
agricultural practice4  #ab4 ,:at       
b5efits accrue to a tea*] f ! /udy ( a  
subject 9 its ramifications8  #ac4 ,9   
:at respects is agriculture a noble     
pursuit8 ,comp>e x 9 ?is respect ) law4 
,h[ does agriculture lead to ! ex]cise (
 fai?8 ,tea*+8 ,law8 ,electrical        
eng9e]+8     ,,*apt] ,,xvii  ,,! ,,s*ool
 ,,& ,,! ,,community   ,an analogy4--,if
 we may w9 a concept ( ! analogy betwe5 
! vitaliz$ s*ool & a filtration-plant1  
we %all1 p]haps1 ga9 a cle>] notion ( ! 
purpose ( ! s*ool & come ^u a ju/]      
e/imate ( its processes4 ,! purpose ( ! 
filtration-plant is to purify1 cl>ify1 &
 r5d] m conducive to life ! /ream t     
passes ?r\gh1 & ! function ( ! s*ool may
 be /at$ 9 ! same t]ms4 ,! /ream t ent]s
 ! plant is murky & deeply impregnat$ ) 

impurities2 ! same /ream :5 x issues f !
 plant is cle>1 free f impurities1 &1   
!re=e1 bett] 9 respect to nutritive     
qualities4 ,! /ream ( life t fl[s into !
 s*ool is compos$ ( _m het]og5e\s       
elem5ts2 ! /ream t issues f ! s*ool is  
f> m homog5e\s1 cle>]1 m ne>ly free f   
impurities1 &1 !re=e1 m conducive to !  
life & heal? ( ! community4 ,! /ream (  
life t fl[s into ! s*ool is compos$ (   
elem5ts f all c\ntries1 languages1 &    
conditions4 ,9 ?is are ,greeks &        
b>b>ians1 ,jews & ,g5tiles1 sa9ts &     
s9n]s1 ! wa%$ & ! unwa%$1 ! ignorant1 ! 
high1 ! l[1 ! deprav$1 ! weak1 & !      
/rong4  ,life-giv+ prop]ties4--,! /ream 
t issues f ! s*ool is ! v anti!sis ( all
 ?is4 ,in/ead ( all ^! het]og5e\s       
elem5ts1 ! /ream :5 x comes f ! s*ool is
 compos$ :olly ( ,am]icans4 ,a hundr$   
flags may be se5 9 ! /ream t ent]s !    
s*ool1 b ! /ream t fl[s out f ! s*ool   
be>s only ! ,am]ican flag4 ,! s*ool has 
(t5 be5 call$ ! melt+-pot1 9 :i* ! _m   
nationalities are fus$2 b x is f> m ?an 

t4 ,true1 someh[ & some:]e 9 ! s*ool    
process ^! elem5ts h be5 made to        
coalesce1 b t is n ! only *ange t is    
wr\ght4 ,! volume ( life t issues f !   
s*ool is ! same z t :i* ent]s1 b>r+ !   
leakage1 b ! resultant /ream is f> m    
pot5t 9 life-giv+ prop]ties because (   
its passage ?r\gh ! s*ool4  ,*anges     
wr\ght4--,:5 we see ! /ream ent]+ !     
filtration-plant pollut$ ) impurities & 
!n com+ =? cle> & :olesome1 we "k t     
some?+ happ5$ to t /ream 9 transit4     
,simil>ly1 :5 we see ! /ream ( life     
ent]+ ! s*ool z a m]e aggregation ( m or
 less discordant elem5ts & !n com+ =? 9 
a virtually unifi$ homog5y1 we "k t     
some?+ has happ5$ to t /ream 9 its      
progress ?r\gh ! s*ool4 ,to det]m9e j   
:at happ5s 9 ei!r case is a task =      
exp]ts & a task1 moreov]1 t is well wor?
 :ile4 ,9 ei!r case we may well inquire 
:e!r ! ?+s t happ5 are ! v be/ ?+s t    
c\ld possibly be made to happ52 &1 if n1
 :at improvem5ts are possible &         
desirable4  ,ano!r misconception4--,!   

analogy betwe5 ! plant & ! s*ool w n    
hold if we /ill reta9 9 ! p>lance (     
s*ool proc$ure ! expression gett+ an    
education4 ,! act ( gett+ implies       
mat]ial sub/ance4 ,education is n a     
sub/ance b a process1 & x is palpably   
impossible to get a process4 ,s !re c be
 no su* ?+ z gett+ an education1 9 spite
 ( ! t5acity ( ! expression4 ,ev5 to    
/ate ! fact w\ld seem altoge!r trite1 7 
we n confront$ e day ) ! fact t tea*]s &
 p>5ts are ei!r unable or unwill+ to    
sub/itute "s "r expression = ?is wrong  
"o4 ,education is n ! process ( gett+ b1
 r1 ! process ( becom+1 & ! diff]5ce is 
z wide z ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! true & !   
false4  ,j h[ long x w require to       
eradicate ?is conception f ! s*ool &    
society no "o c well conjecture4 ,its   
pres5ce 9 our nom5clature reveals1 9 a  
m>k$ way1 ! /r5g? ( habit4 ,_m tea*]s w 
give will+ ass5t to ! fact & !n use !   
expression aga9 9 _! next s5t5ce4       
,c]ta9ly we %all n ev5 appreh5d ! true  
function & proc$ure ( ! vitaliz$ s*ool  

until we h elim9at$ ?is expression4 ,if 
we admit ! validity ( ! cont5tion z to  
?is expression1 !n we may pr(itably     
resume ! consid]ation ( our analogy1 =1 
9 t case1 we %all f9d 9 ?is analogy no  
ineptitude4  ,! validity ( !            
analogy4--,we cause ! /ream ( wat] to   
pass ?r\gh ! filtration-plant t x may   
become rectifi$2 we cause ! /ream ( life
 to pass ?r\gh ! s*ool t x may become   
rectifi$4 ,:5 ! /ream ( wat] becomes    
rectifi$1 bodily disease is av]t$2 :5 ! 
/ream ( life is rectifi$1 m5tal &       
spiritual disease is av]t$4 ,! analogy1 
!re=e1 holds good :e!r we consid] !     
process itself or its effect4 ,we h only
 to /ate ! case ?us to h op5$ up = u a  
wide field = pr(itable speculation4 ,!  
diseases ( m9d & _s t invade society are
 ! causes t lie back ( our police c\rts1
 our prisons1 &1 v (t51 our alm%\ses4   
,h5ce1 if ! /ream ( life c\ld be        
absolutely rectifi$1 ^! undesirable     
in/itutions w\ld disappe>1 & life = !   
entire community w\ld be f> m agreeable 

by reason ( _! abs5ce4  ,function ( !   
s*ool4--,! s*ool1 !n1 is e/abli%$ &     
adm9i/]$ to c>ry on ?is process (       
rectification4 ,by means ( ?is process  
ignorance becomes intellig5ce1 co>s5ess 
becomes culture1 /rife becomes peace1   
impurity becomes purity1 disease becomes
 heal?1 & d>kness becomes light4 ,! *ild
 comes into ! s*ool n to get some?+ b to
 h some?+ done to & = him t he may      
become some?+ t he 0 n be=e1 &1 !re=e1 t
 he may ! bett] execute 8 functions z a 
memb] ( society4 ,9 %ort1 he comes into 
! s*ool t he may pass ?r\gh ! process ( 
rectification4 ,9 ?is process he loses  
nei!r 8 "n1 8 extraction1 8 id5tity1 nor
 8 individuality4 ,on ! contr>y1 all ^! 
attributes are s act$ ^u by ! process t 
!y become assets ( ! community4         
,language4--,9 ord] to lead to a great] 
degree ( cl>ity x may be well to be ev5 
m specific 9 expla9+ ?is process (      
rectification4 ,language is fundam5tal 9
 all ! op]ations ( society4 ,x is       
indisp5sable to ! groc]1 ! f>m]1 !      

lawy]1 ! physician1 ! manufactur]1 !    
h\sewife1 & ! legislator4 ,x is ! means 
by :i* memb]s ( society communicate ) "o
 ano!r1 & )\t communication1 9 "s =m1   
!re c be no social int]c\rse1 &1 !re=e1 
no society4 ,p are all int]dep5d5t1 &   
language is ! bond ( union4 ,!y mu/ use 
! same language1 ( c\rse1 & ! words mu/ 
be inve/$ ) ! same mean+ 9 ord] to be   
intelligible4  ,language a social       
/udy4--,j "h great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ or
 we %all g a/ray 9 depict+ ! "w ( !     
s*ool 9 deal+ ) ?is subject ( language4 
,! *ild comes into ! s*ool ) language ( 
a sort1 b x ne$s rectification 9 ord] to
 r5d] x readily available = ! purposes (
 society4 ,h]e9 lies ! crux ( ! :ole    
matt]4 ,if ?is *ild 7 n to become a     
memb] ( society1 x w\ld matt] little :at
 sort ( language he uses or :e!r he uses
 any language4 ,if he 7 to be bani%$ to 
"s isl& !re to dwell alone1 language    
w\ld be unnecess>y4 ,h5ce1 8 /udy (     
language 9 ! s*ool is1 prim>ily1 = !    
well-be+ ( society & n = himself4       

,language is s ess5tial to ! life       
processes t1 )\t x1 society w\ld be ?r[n
 out ( balance4 ,! ne$s ( society are   
p>am\nt1 & h5ce language z x conc]ns !  
*ild relates to him *iefly if n :olly z 
a memb] ( society4  ,gramm>4--,gramm> is
 no?+ else ?an language r$uc$ to a sy/em
 ( common t]ms t h be5 agre$ ^u 9 !     
int]e/s ( society4 ,p h ent]$ into a    
l+ui/ic compact1 an agreem5t t c]ta9    
words & comb9ations ( words %all be     
und]/ood to mean c]ta9 ?+s4 ,! tradesman
 mu/ und]/& ! pur*as] or !re c be no    
ex*ange4 ,! ticket-ag5t mu/ und]/& !    
prospective travel] or ! latt] _c take !
 j\rney & rea* 8 de/9ation4 ,h5ce1      
gramm>1 ) all t ! t]m implies1 is a     
means ( facilitat+ ! activities (       
society & p]ta9s to ! individual only 9 
8 relation to society4  ,ne$s (         
society4--,true1 ! individual w f9d life
 m agreeable 9 society if he und]/&s !  
common language1 j z ! travel] is m     
com=table 9 a =eign c\ntry if he und]/&s
 its language4 ,b we ne$ emphasis ^u !  

/atem5t t we h gramm> 9 ! s*ool because 
x is "o ( ! ne$s ( society4 ,!          
individual may n ne$ *emi/ry1 b society 
does ne$ x1 & ! s*ool mu/ someh[ provide
 x because ( ?is ne$4 ,h5ce we place    
*emi/ry 9 ! s*ool z "o ( ! +r$i5ts ( !  
solv5t :i* we employ 9 ! process (      
rectification4 ,^? :o are susceptible to
 ! influ5ces ( ?is +r$i5t w become      
inoculat$ ) x & be> x =? into ! uses (  
society4  ,caution4--,b j "h we f9d !   
mo/ delicate & difficult task ( ! s*ool4
 ,"h we enc\nt] "s ( ! fundam5tal       
pr9ciples ( psy*ology z expla9$ &       
emphasiz$ by ,james1 ,mc,dougall1 &     
,/ray]4 ,"h we mu/ beg9 our que/ = !    
native t5d5cies t condition successful  
tea*+4 ,we mu/ discov] :at pupils are   
susceptible to *emi/ry be=e we c proce$ 
) ! "w ( inoculation4 ,?is has be5 !    
sc5e & s\rce ( _m trag$ies4 ,we h be5   
wont to ask :e!r *emi/ry w be good = !  
boy in/ead ( mak+ an ef=t to discov]    
:e!r ! boy w be good = *emi/ry--:e!r 8  
native t5d5cies r5d] him susceptible to 

*emi/ry4  ,"s mi/akes4--,our proc$ure   
has (t5 come b little %ort ( an         
inquisition4 ,we h foll[$ our own       
pr$ilections & prejudices in/ead ( be+  
docile at ! feet ( ,nature & ask+ h] :at
 to d4 ,we h appli$ opprobri\s epi!ts & 
resort$ to o/racism4 ,we h be5 freely   
disp5s+ susp5sions & expulsions 9 a va9 
ef=t to prove t ! s*ool is bo? omnisci5t
 & omnipot5t4 ,we h tri$ to trans=m a   
poet into a me*anic1 a blacksmi? into an
 arti/1 & an a/ronom] into a dit*]4 ,&  
our complac5cy 9 ! pres5ce ( ! misfits (
 ! s*ool is ! sadde/ trag$y ( all4 ,we h
 tak5 c\nsel ) tradition r ?an ) !      
nature ( ! pupil1 ! :ile rejoic+ 9 our  
own infallibility4  ,native             
dispositions4--,society ne$s only a     
limit$ numb] ( *emi/s & only su* z h !  
native t5d5cies t w make *emi/ry mo/    
effective 9 ! activities ( society4 ,b  
we h be5 proce$+ ^u ! agreeable         
assumption t e pupil has su* native     
t5d5cies4 ,su* an assumption absolves ! 
s*ool1 ( c\rse1 f ! necessity ( discov]+

 :at pupils are susceptible to *emi/ry &
 ( devis+ ways & means ( mak+ ?is       
important discov]y4 ,because we d n "k  
h[ to make ?is discov]y we f9d solace 9 
! assumption t x _c or ne$ n be made4   
,we !n proce$ to apply ! ,procru/ean b$ 
pr9ciple ) ! v acme ( sang froid4 ,"h is
 "w = ! effici5cy exp]t4 ,:5 *ildr5 are 
sitt+ at ! table ( life1 ! home & !     
s*ool 9 comb9ation ought to be able to  
discov] :at food !y crave & n insi/ ^u  
_! eat+ olives :5 !y really crave       
oatmeal4  ,! ideal ( ! s*ool4--,we %all 
n h atta9$ to "r conditions until su* "t
 z ! /ream ( life t issues f ! s*ool    
%all comb9e ! ag5cies1 9 "r proportions 
& relations1 t w cons]ve ! be/ int]e/s (
 society & adm9i/] its activities ) !   
maximum ( effici5cy4 ,?is is ! ideal t !
 s*ool mu/ hold up be=e itself z !      
det]m9+ plan 9 its e movem5t4 ,b ?is    
ideal presupposes no misfits 9 society4 
,if !re are su*1 !n x w decl9e 9 "s     
degree f ! plane ( highe/ effici5cy4 ,if
 !re are "s memb]s ( society :o are     

/ra9+ at ! lea% :i* ,nature provid$ = !m
 & are try+ to d "w = :i* !y h nei!r    
incl9ation nor aptitude1 !y _c r5d] !   
be/ s]vice1 & society suff]s 9          
consequ5ce4  ,misfits4--,! books teem ) 
examples ( p :o are /riv+ to f9d        
!mselves by f9d+ _! "w4 ,b no?+ has be5 
said ( society 9 ?is same /ra94 ,we h   
only to ?9k ( society z compos$ ( all ! 
p to realize t only by f9d+ its "w c    
society f9d itself4 ,& s long z !re is  
ev5 "o memb] ( society :o has n f\nd    
himself1 s long mu/ we look ^u ?is "o   
exception z a discordant note 9 ! g5]al 
h>mony4 ,if "o man is work+ at ! =ge :o 
by nature is fitt$ = a place at ! desk1 
!n nei!r ?is man nor society is at its  
be/4 ,& a l>ge measure ( !              
responsibility = su* discord & misfits 9
 society mu/ be laid at ! door ( ! s*ool
 because ( its inability to discov]     
native t5d5cies4  ,common int]e/s4--,!re
 are _m int]e/s t all *ildr5 h 9 common 
:5 !y ent] ! s*ool 9 ! morn+1 & ^!      
int]e/s may well become ! />t+ po9ts 9 !

 day's "w4 ,! conv]sations at breakfa/  
tables & ! morn+ pap] beget & /imulate  
_m ( ^! int]e/s & ! s*ool does viol5ce  
to ! *ildr51 ! community1 & itself if x 
attempts to taboo ^! int]e/s4 ,its "w is
 to rectify & n to suppress4 ,:5 !      
*ildr5 return to _! homes 9 ! ev5+ !y   
%\ld h cle>] & l>g] conceptions ( ! ?+s 
t animat$ !m 9 ! morn+4 ,if !y come into
 ! s*ool all agl[ ) int]e/ 9 ! great    
sn[/orm ( ! night be=e1 ! tea*] does    
well to hold ! lesson 9 decimals 9      
abeyance until %e has l$ ar\nd to !     
subject by means ( read+s or /ories t h 
to d ) sn[/orms4 ,! p>am\nt & common    
int]e/ ( ! *ildr5 9 ! morn+ is sn[ &1   
!re=e1 ! day %\ld hold sn[ 9 ! =egr\nd 9
 _! ?9k+1 s t1 at ! close ( ! day1 _!   
horizon 9 ! sn[-_w may be ext5d$1 & s t 
!y may ?us be able to make contributions
 to ! home on ! subject ( sn[4  ,real   
int]e/s4--,9 ! morn+ ! pupils _h        
objective sn[ 9 :i* !y rollick$ &       
gambol$ 9 glee4 ,all day long !y _h     
subjective sn[ 9 :i* ! tea*] ) f9e      

te*nique caus$ !m to revel2 &1 9 ! ev5+1
 _! concept ( sn[ 0 s mu* enl>g$ t !y   
exp]i5c$ a fre% access ( delight4 ,& t  
day 0 _! sn[ epiphany4 ,on t day !re 0  
no break 9 ! /ream ( life at ! s*oolh\se
 door4 ,!re 0 no supplant+ ( ! real     
int]e/s ( ! morn+ ) fictiti\s int]e/s ( 
! s*ool1 to be endur$ ) ill grace until 
! real int]e/s ( ! morn+ c\ld be resum$ 
9 ! ev5+4 ,on ! contr>y1 by "s magic t  
only ! vitaliz$ tea*] kn[s1 e ex]cise ( 
! day seem$ to h sn[ z its c5t]4 ,sn[   
seem$ to be ! major 9 ! read+1 9 !      
spell+1 9 ! geography1 & 9 ! hi/ory4    
,on t day !y became acqua9t$ ) ,hannibal
 & 8 /ruggles ?r\gh ! sn[ ( ! ,alps4 ,on
 t day !y le>n$ ( ! avalan*e1 its orig91
 its deva/at+ p[]1 &1 ( c\rse1 its      
spell+4 ,on t day !y read ,sn[ ,b\nd & !
 sn[ poems ( ,longfell[ & ,l[ell4 ,?us !
 /ream ( life 0 cl>ifi$1 rectifi$1 &    
amplifi$ z x pass$ ?r\gh ! s*ool1 &1    
incid5tally1 ! tea*] & ! s*ool 7        
glorifi$ 9 _! ?\ghts4  ,circus day4--,b 
sn[ is m]ely typical4 ,on o!r days o!r  

int]e/s are p>am\nt4 ,on circus day !   
*ildr51 aga91 h a common int]e/ :i*     
af=ds ! tea*] a supreme opportunity4 ,! 
day has be5 anticipat$ by ! tea*]1 & !  
pupils h cause to wond] h[ & :5ce %e ev]
 accumulat$ su* a weal? ( pictures (    
animal life4 ,all day long !y are regal$
 ) a subjective m5ag]ie1 & :5 !y att5d !
 circus 9 ! ev5+ !y a/oni% _! p>5ts by !
 ext5t & accuracy ( _! in=mation4 ,!y "k
 ! animals by "n1 _! habitat1 _! habits1
 _! food1 & _! uses4 ,9 %ort1 !y seem$  
to h compass$ a work+ k ( ! animal k+dom
 9 a s+le day ?r\gh ! skill ( ! tea*] :o
 kn[s h[ to make ! s*ool re5=ce _! life 
int]e/s4  ,! quality ( life4--,if we n[ 
ext5d ! scope ( common int]e/s t belong 
9 ! category ) ! sn[ & ! animals1 we    
%all readily see t ! analogy ( !        
filtration-plant holds good 9 ! entire  
regime ( ! vitaliz$ s*ool4 ,b we mu/    
nev] lose sight ( ! additional fact t ! 
quality ( life t issues f ! s*ool is f> 
bett] because ( its passage ?r\gh !     
s*ool4 ,! volume may be less1 ?r\gh     

un=tunate leakage1 b ! quality is s mu* 
bett] t its value to society is enhanc$ 
a hundr$- or a ?\s&-fold4 ,! p :o pass  
?r\gh ! s*ool h le>n$ a common language1
 h be5 imbu$ ) a common purpose1 h le>n$
 h[ to live & "w 9 he>ty accord1 h come 
to rev]e a common flag1 & h become      
citiz5s ( a common c\ntry4   ,,que/ions 
,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4 ,:at is ! g5]al     
function ( ! s*ool8  #b4 ,:at is meant  
by ! s*ool's be+ ! melt+-pot8  #c4 ,:at 
objection is !re to ! expression gett+  
an education8 ,:at w\ld be a bett]      
expression to indicate ! purpose (      
att5d+ s*ool8  #d4 ,:at diseases t      
invade society w\ld be *eck$ if 9 s*ool 
! /ream ( life 7 rectifi$8  #e4 ,:y is x
 desirable t pupils %all n lose _!      
individuality 9 pass+ ?r\gh s*ool8  #f4 
,:at is ! prim>y purpose ( ea* s*ool    
/udy1 = in/ance1 language8  #g4 ,:at is 
! true purpose ( gramm>8  #h4 ,:at d ^! 
functions ( ! s*ool & ( its /udies tea* 
u reg>d+ ! adaptation ( subjects &      
me?ods to ! individual8  #i4 ,tell      

some?+ ( ! "w done 9 vocational guidance
 9 ,bo/on4  #aj4 ,tell some?+ ( ! me?ods
 employ$ by "s corporations 9 *oos+     
employees naturally fitt$ = ! "w4  #aa4 
,tell some?+ ( ! psy*ological te/s =    
vocations devis$ by ,pr(essor ,mu5/]b]g4
 7,psy*ology & ,indu/rial ,effici5cy1   
,hugo ,mu5/]b]g1 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co41 
#aiac47  #ab4 ,:at d y ?9k is !         
practicable way ( help+ ! pupils 9 y\r  
s*ool to develop along ! l9es ( _!      
natural end[m5t8  #ac4 ,:at is ! effect 
on society :5 a man does "w = :i* he is 
n fitt$8  #ad4 ,%[ "s ways 9 :i* !      
int]e/s ( ! s*ool z a :ole may be fo/]$ 
& a natural developm5t ( ! class z a    
:ole be secur$4  #ae4 ,!re has be5 a big
 fire 9 t[n4 ,%[ h[ ! int]e/ 9 ?is ev5t 
may be us$ 9 ! day's "w4  #af4 ,9 :at   
ways is "o :o has _h private in/ruction 
likely to be a poor] citiz5 ?an "o :o   
has att5d$ s*ool8  #ag4 ,:at conditions 
might cause "s ( ^? :o g ?r\gh s*ool to 
be pollut$ in/ead ( rectifi$8 ,^: fault 
w\ld x be8  #ah4 ,:at que/ions %\ld we  

ask ourselves ab\t ! ?+s t are be+ done 
9 our s*ools8     ,,*apt] ,,xviii       
,,poetry ,,& ,,life   ,poetry           
def9$4--,poetry has be5 def9$ z a       
message f ! he>t ( ! arti/ to ! he>t ( !
 man2 &1 see+ t ! he>t is ! c5t] & s\rce
 ( life1 x foll[s t poetry is a means ( 
effect+ a transfusion ( life4 ,! poet   
pond]s life long & deeply & !n gives =? 
an int]pretation 9 arti/ic =m t is      
sur*>g$ ) ! v qu9tess5ce ( life4 ,! poet
 absorbs life f a ?\s& s\rces--! sky1 ! 
=e/1 ! m\nta91 ! sunrise1 ! ocean1 !    
/orm1 ! *ild 9 ! "m's arms1 & ! man at 8
 "w1 & !n transmits x t ! recipi5t may h
 a new influx ( life4 ,! poet's que/ is 
life1 8 !me is life1 & 8 gift to man is 
life4 ,8 mission is to ga9 a l>g] access
 ( life & to give life 9 great]         
abundance4 ,he ga9s ! mean+ ( life f !  
sn[flake & ! avalan*e2 f ! gra9 ( s& & !
 f]tile valley2 f ! ra9drop & ! sea2 f !
 *irp ( ! cricket & ! cra%+ ( ! ?und]2 f
 ! firefly & ! lightn+'s fla%2 & f      
,vesuvius & ,s9ai4 ,to "k life he li/5s 

to ! baby's prattle1 ! "m's lullaby1 & !
 fa!r's pray]2 he looks ^u faces t %[   
joy & sorr[1 hope & despair1 defeat &   
triumph2 & he feels ! pulsations ( !    
tides1 ! hurricane1 & ! human he>t4  ,h[
 ! poet le>ns life4--,he sits beside !  
b$ ( sickness & he>s ! feeble & brok5   
words t tell ( ! pa/1 ! pres5t1 & !     
future2 he visits ! field ( battle &    
sees ! wreckage ( ! passions ( m52 he   
goes into ! dungeon & he>s ! rav+s &    
revil+s ( a di/ort$ s\l2 he visits      
pa/oral sc5es :]e peace & pl5ty unite 9 
a song ( praise2 he rides ! mighty %ip &
 kn[s ! he>tbeats ( ! ocean2 he sits )9 
! *ur* & op5s ! doors ( 8 s\l to its    
holy influ5ces2 he ent]s ! hovel ^:     
squalor proclaims x ! abode ( ignorance 
& vice2 he visits ! home ( happ9ess :]e 
indu/ry & frugality p\r =? _! b\nte\s   
gifts & love sways its g5tle scept]2 &  
he sits at ! feet ( 8 "m & imbibes h]   
graci\s _s4  ,transfusion ( life4--,& !n
 he writes2 & z he writes 8 p5 drips    
life4 ,he kn[s & feels1 &1 !re=e1 he    

expresses1 & 8 words are ! di/illations 
( life4 ,8 spiritual p]cipi5ce has r5d]$
 8 s\l a v]itable g>d5 ( emotions1 & ) 8
 p5 he transplants ^! 9 ! writt5 page4  
,& m5 see & come to pluck ! fl[]s to    
transplant aga9 9 _! own s\ls t !y1 too1
 may h a g>d5 l unto 84 ,8 elan c>ries  
ov] into ! lives ( ^! m5 & !y gl[ ) !   
ardor ( 8 emotions & are inspir$ to de$s
 ( c\rage1 ( s]vice1 & ( solace4 ,= e   
fl[] pluck$ f 8 g>d5 ano!r gr[s 9 its   
/ead m beautiful & m fragrant ?an its   
fell[1 & he is re9spir$ z he inspires   
o!rs4 ,& ?us 9 ?is transfusion ( life   
!re is an und]t[ t c>ries back into 8   
own life & makes 8 _s m f]tile4         
,aspiration4--,:5 he w\ld tea* m5 to    
aspire he writes ,excelsior & s causes  
!m to "k t only he :o aspires really    
lives4 ,!y see ! gr\ndl+1 ! boor1 !     
drudge1 & ! cl[n cont5t to dwell 9 !    
valley amid ! loaves & fi%es ( animal   
desires1 :ile ! man :o aspires is       
/ruggl+ t[>d ! heights :5ce he may ga9  
an outlook ^u ! glories t are1 "k ! ?rob

 & ?rill ( new life1 & exp]i5ce ! sw+ & 
sweep ( spiritual impulses4 ,he makes !m
 to "k t ! man :o aspires recks n (     
cold1 ( /orm1 or ( sn[1 if only he may  
rea* ! summit & lave 8 s\l 9 ! glory t  
cr[ns ! m>riage ( e>? & sky4 ,!y feel t 
! aspirant is b yield+ ob$i5ce to !     
behe/s ( 8 bett] self to scale ! heights
 :]e sublimity dwells4                  
,p]sev]ance4--,or he writes ! f\r?      
,a,eneid to make m5 feel t ! palm (     
victory comes only to ^? :o p]sev]e to !
 end2 t duty does n abdicate 9 favor (  
incl9ation2 & t ! high gods w n hold    
guiltless ! man :o /ops %ort ( ,italy to
 loit] & dally 9 ,c>?age ev5 9 ! sun%9e 
( a ,dido's smile4 ,:5 ,italy is call+1 
no sir5 song ( pleasure mu/ avail to    
lure him f 8 c\rse1 nor mu/ 8 sail be   
furl$ until ! keel grates ^u ! ,italian 
%ore4 ,8 navigat+ skill mu/ guide him   
?r\gh ! p]ils ( ,scylla & ,*>ybdis & !  
/\t he>t ( manhood mu/ be> him pa/ ,m\nt
 ,a,etna's fi]y m5ace4 ,8 dauntless     
c\rage mu/ brave ! ang] ( ! gre$y waves 

& boldly ride !m d[n4 ,nor mu/ 8 cup (  
joy be full until ! wi%$-= l& %all greet
 8 eag] eyes4  ,ov]we5+ ambition4--,or1 
aga91 ! poet may ye>n to tea* ! wrong ( 
ov]we5+1 vault+ ambition & he writes    
,p>adise ,lo/ & ,recessional4 ,he       
pictures ,satan ov]?r[n1 l ! ,giants :o 
w\ld climb into ! ?rone on ,olympus4 ,he
 pictures ,hell z ! fitt+ place = ,satan
 ov]?r[n1 & 9 8 own place he pictures ! 
outca/ & d[nca/ ,satan wri?+ & curs+    
because he 0 balk$ ( 8 unholy ambition4 
,&1 le/ mortals s9k f _! high e/ate1    
borne d[n by _! s9s ( unsanctifi$       
ambition1 he prays1 & prays aga91 ,"l   
,god ( ,ho/s1 be ) u yet1 le/ we =get1  
le/ we =get4 ,& ! pray] e*oes & ree*oes 
9 ! s\l ( ! man1 & ! _w sees 8 lips mov+
 9 ! pray] ( ! poet1 ,le/ we =get1 le/  
we =get4  ,native l&4--,or1 aga91 he    
writes ,bannockburn & ! _s is fir$ )    
patriotic devotion to native l&4 ,we he>
 ! bagpipe & ! drum & see ! m>tial clans
 ga!r+ 9 s]ri$ ranks & cat* ! gl9t ( _! 
arms & armor z !y fla% back ! sunlight4 

,we he> _! lu/y calls z !y ru% toge!r to
 def5d ! hills & ! homes !y love4 ,we   
see1 aga91 ! ,wallace & ! ,bruce incit+ 
valor\s m5 to de$s ( h]oism & he> !     
hills ree*o+ ) ! %ock ( /eel ^u /eel4 ,f
 hill to hill ! pibro* leaps1 & he>ts & 
feet quick5 at its s\nd4 ,& mo!rs are   
press+ _! bairns to _! bosoms z !y *e]  
_! lov$ ones away to ! /rife4 ,& :ile _!
 eyes are weep+ _! he>ts are say+3      
,:a w be a traitor knave8    ,:a c fill 
a c[>d's grave8    ,:a s base z be a    
slave8    ,let him turn & flee6         
,fai?4--,& aft] ! s\nds ( battle are    
hu%$ he s+s ,to ,m>y 9 ,heav5 & causes !
 man to /& 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,burn+ ,bu% &
 to he> ! comm& ,put (f ?y %oes f (f ?y 
feet1 = ! place :]eon ?\ /&e/ is holy   
gr\nd4 ,& ! he>t ( ! man gr[s t5d] z !  
poet op5s 8 eyes to cat* a glimpse ( !  
life ( fai? t ! /> =etells ev5 z ! ,/> (
 ,be?lehem 0 prophetic4 ,&1 ?r\gh ! eyes
 ( ! lov]1 he looks ov] into ! o!r life 
& kn[s t 8 fai? is n 9 va94 ,& :5 fai?  
sits en?ron$1 ! music ( ! brook at 8    

feet becomes sweet]1 ! />s %9e m        
brightly1 ! e>? becomes a place (       
gladness1 & life is f> m wor? :ile4 ,!  
poet has caus$ ! scales to fall f 8 eyes
 & ?r\gh !m ! light ( ,heav5 has /ream$ 
into 8 s\l4  ,! tea*]'s influx (        
life4--,& ! tea*] imbibes ! _s ( ! poet 
& becomes vital & ?us becomes attun$ to 
all life4 ,fl[]s spr+ up 9 h] pa?way    
because !y are claim+ k9%ip ) ! fl[]s t 
are bloom+ 9 h] s\l4 ,! insect *irps =? 
its music1 & h] own _s jo9s 9 ! *orus ( 
! =e/4 ,! brooklet laughs z x ripples   
its way t[>d ! sea1 & h] _s laughs 9    
unison because ! poet has p\r$ 8 laught]
 into h] s\l4 ,%e /&s unafraid 9 !      
pres5ce ( ! /orm because h] feel+ =     
maje/y ov]ma/]s h] appreh5sion ( dang]4 
,! lightn+'s fla% may r5d ! oak b1 ev5  
s1 %e /&s 9 mute admiration at ?is      
wondr\s manife/ation ( life4 ,h] quick5$
 _s responds to ! roll & rev]b]ation ( !
 ?und] because %e has gr[n to womanhood 
?r\gh ! poet's copi\s draughts ( life4  
,! book ( life4--,! voices ( ! night    

en*ant h] & ! />s take h] into _!       
c\nsels4 ,! sway+ tree speaks h]        
language because bo? speak ! language ( 
life4 ,%e takes delight 9 ! lexicon ( ! 
planets because x int]prets to h] ! book
 ( life1 & 9 ! revelations ( ?is book %e
 f9ds h] *ief joy4 ,= h] !re are no dull
 mom5ts :e!r %e w&]s by ! riv]1 ?r\gh ! 
glades1 or ov] ! hills1 because %e is   
ev] turn+ ! pages ( ?is book4 ,%e moves 
among ! ?+s ( life & acc\nts !m all h]  
fri5ds & companions4 ,%e kn[s _! moods &
 _! language & ) !m holds intimate      
communion4 ,!y smile ^u h] because %e c 
reciprocate _! smiles4 ,life to h] is a 
buoyant1 a joy\s exp]i5ce ea* h\r ( !   
day because ! poet has p\r$ into h] _s  
its full]1 deep] mean+s4  ,! tea*+4--,& 
because ! poet has t\*$ h] _s ) ! w& ( 8
 p[] ! wat]s ( life gu% =? 9 sp>kl+     
abundance4 ,& *ildr5 come to ! f\nta9 ( 
h] life & dr9k ( its wat]s & are !reby  
refre%$ & invigorat$4 ,!n !y smile back 
_! gratitude to h] 9 _! exub]ance (     
joy\s life4   ,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises 

#a4 ,:at is poetry8  #b4 ,:at is !      
purpose ( rhyme8  #c4 ,may writ+ h !    
ess5tials ( poetry & yet h no regul>    
rhy?m8 ,:at ( ! ,psalms8  #d4 ,:y is    
poetry especially valuable to ! tea*]8  
#e4 ,%[ h[ "s poem o!r ?an ^? m5tion$ 9 
! *apt] tea*es a lesson or gives an     
inspiration4  #f4 ,"n1 if y c1 "s me?ods
 ( treatm5t t cause poetry to fail to   
affect ! lives ( ! pupils z x %\ld4  #g4
 ,sugge/ uses ( poetry & ! treatm5t t w 
insure ! "r results4  #h4 ,is !re dang] 
t a tea*] may become too appreciative or
 susceptible--too poetic 9 temp]am5t8   
,recall obs]vations ( ^? :o 7 ei!r too  
mu* s or too little4  #i4 ,is !re dang] 
t "o may h too mu* ( a good quality1 or 
is ! dang] n 9 hav+ too little ( "s o!r 
quality8  #aj4 ,%[ h[ a wide &          
appreciative read+ ( poetry makes = a   
prop] balance ( temp]am5t4     ,,*apt]  
,,xix  ,a ,,s5se ,,( ,,humor   ,an      
,am]ican /ory4--,!re is a /ory to !     
effect t a c]ta9 ,mr4 ,jones 0 mu* giv5 
to boa/+ ( 8 e>ly ris+4 ,he /\tly       

ma9ta9$ t he 0 go+ ab\t 8 "w e morn+ at 
?ree o'clock4 ,"s ( 8 fri5ds 7 incl9$ to
 be incr$ul\s z to 8 repres5tations &   
ent]$ into a k9dly conspiracy to put !m 
to ! te/4 ,accord+ly "o ( ! numb]       
pres5t$ himself at ! kit*5 door ( !     
,jones resid5ce "o morn+ at half-pa/    
?ree & made inquiry ( ,mrs4 ,jones z to 
! :]eab\ts ( h] husb&1 ask+ if he 0 at  
home4 ,9 a v graci\s mann] ,mrs4 ,jones 
repli$3 ,no1 he isn't "h n[4 ,he 0 ar\nd
 "h e>ly ?is morn+ b ,i don't really "k 
:]e he is n[4 ,?is is a clean1 f9e1     
typical ,am]ican /ory1 &1 by means ( su*
 a /ory1 we c te/ = a s5se ( humor4 ,!  
boy 9 s*ool w laugh at ?is /ory bo?     
because x is a good "o & because he is a
 normal boy4 ,if he does n laugh at su* 
a /ory1 !re is cause = anxiety z to 8   
m5tal condition or attitude4 ,if ! tea*]
 _c or does n laugh1 a di%>mony is      
g5]at$ at once betwe5 tea*] & pupil :i* 
militates aga9/ ! well-be+ ( ! s*ool4   
,if ! tea*] reprim&s ! boy1 ! boy z     
c]ta9ly discr$its ! tea*] & all t %e    

repres5ts4 ,if %e _c enjoy su* a        
:olesome /ory1 he feels t h] ari?metic1 
geography1 & gramm> are responsible1 &  
^! /udies decl9e some:at 9 8 e/eem4     
,moreov]1 he feels t ! tea*]'s reprim& 0
 unw>rant$ & unju/ & he fa9 w\ld consort
 ) p ( 8 own k9d4 ,_m a boy des]ts s*ool
 because ! tea*] is devoid ( ! sav+     
grace ( humor4 ,h] inability to see or h
 any fun 9 life makes him uncom=table & 
he seeks a m agreeable environm5t4      
,humor 9 its manife/ations4--,a s5se (  
humor diffuses itself ?r\gh all !       
activities ( life1 giv+ to !m all a     
g5tle quality t elim9ates asp]ities &   
r5d]s !m graci\s & amiable4 ,l fireflies
 t bespangle ! d>kness ( ! night1 humor 
sc9tillates ?r\gh all life's phases &   
activities & causes ! day to g m        
pleasantly & effectively on4 ,x tw9kles 
?r\gh ! ?\ghts & gives to language a    
sp>kle & a nicety t cause x to appeal to
 ! arti/ic s5se4 ,x gives to disc\rse a 
piquancy t /imulates b does n irritate4 
,x is ! flavor t gives to spee* its     

undulatory quality1 & r$eems x f des]t  
sam5ess4 ,x p]vades ! motives & gives   
direction z well z a pleas+ f]tility to 
all behavior4 ,x is p]vasive )\t becom+ 
obtrusive4 ,x /eals into ! s5ses z      
quietly z ! dawn & causes life to smile4
 ,wit may fla%1 b humor bli!ly glides   
into ! consci\sness ) a radiant & k9dly 
smile ^u its face4 ,wit may /+ &        
inflame1 b humor soo!s & com=ts4 ,! man 
:o has a g5]\s admixture ( humor 9 8    
nature is an agreeable companion & a    
sympa!tic fri5d to gr[n-up p1 to *ildr51
 & to animals4 ,8 _s is g5ial1 & p      
become k9dly & magnanim\s 9 8 pres5ce4  
,"o ( ,john ,b4 ,g\gh's /ories4--,!     
celebrat$ ,john ,b4 ,g\gh 0 wont to tell
 a /ory t 0 acc\nt$ "o ( 8 _m           
ma/]pieces4 ,x 0 a /ory ( a free-=-all  
conv5tion :]e any "o1 accord+ to        
incl9ation1 _h ! privilege ( freely     
speak+ 8 s5tim5ts4 ,:5 ! fir/ speak] _h 
conclud$1 a man 9 ! audi5ce call$ lu/ily
 = a spee* f ,mr4 ,h5ry4 ,!n ano!r      
spoke1 &1 aga91 m lu/ily ?an be=e1 ! man

 dem&$ ,mr4 ,h5ry4 ,m & m vocif]\s grew 
! call = ,mr4 ,h5ry aft] ea* succe$+    
spee* until1 at la/1 ! *airman ) "s     
acrimony exclaim$3 ,! man :o is call+ = 
,mr4 ,h5ry w please be quiet4 ,x is ,mr4
 ,h5ry :o is n[ speak+4 ,! man ?us      
rebuk$ 0 some:at cre/fall51 b manag$ to 
say1 z if 9 a half-soliloquy3 ,mr4      
,h5ry6 ,:y1 t a9't ,mr4 ,h5ry4 ,t's !   
little *ap t told me to holl]4  ,at !   
conclusion ( "o ( 8 lectures 9 :i* ,mr4 
,g\gh told ?is /ory 9 8 inimitable /yle1
 a man came to ! plat=m & expla9$ to him
 t he _h a fri5d :o seem$ to lack a s5se
 ( humor & wond]$ if he might n prevail 
^u ,mr4 ,g\gh to tell him ?is p>ticul>  
/ory 9 ! hope t x w\ld cause him to     
laugh4 ,9 a _s ( adv5ture ,mr4 ,g\gh    
cons5t$1 & at ! "t appo9t$ told ! /ory  
to ! old g5tleman 9 8 own be/ /yle4 ,!  
old g5tleman seem$ to be deeply int]e/$1
 b at ! conclusion ( ! /ory1 in/ead (   
laugh+ he>tily z 8 fri5d _h hop$1 he    
solemnly ask$1 ,:at did he tell him to  
holl] fur8  ,! man :o lacks a s5se (    

humor4--,!re 0 no answ] to ?is "q1 or1  
r1 he himself 0 ! answ]4 ,su* a man is  
obvi\sly outside ! pale1 )\t hope (     
r$emption4 ,if su* a /ory1 told by su* a
 raconteur1 c\ld n t\* him1 he is       
hopeless4 ,9 8 spiritual l&scape !re are
 no undulations1 b x reveals itself z a 
monoton\s dead-level )\t /ream or       
v]dure4 ,he eats1 & sleeps1 & walks     
ab\t1 b he walks 9 a spiritual daze4 ,to
 him life mu/ seem a somb]1 drab affair4
 ,if he 7 a tea*] 9 a traditional s*ool1
 he w\ld *ill & depress1 b he might be  
tol]at$ because a s5se ( humor is n "o (
 ! qualifications ( ! tea*]4 ,b1 9 !    
vitaliz$ s*ool1 he w\ld be intol]able4  
,if *ildr5 %\ld g to su* a tea*] =      
spiritual refre%m5t1 !y w\ld return     
?ir/y4 ,he has no?+ to give !m1 no      
bubbl+ wat] ( life1 no g5iality1 no su* 
graces ( ! _s z appeal to buoyant       
*ildhood4 ,he lacks a s5se ( humor1 & t 
lack makes arid ! exub]ant s\rces (     
life4 ,he may solve problems 9          
ari?metic1 b he _c compass ! solution ( 

! problem ( life4 ,! *ildr5 pity him1 & 
no great] calamity c befall a tea*] ?an 
to des]ve & receive ! pity ( a *ild4 ,he
 might1 9 a way1 tea* anatomy1 b n      
physiology4 ,he might be able to deal ) 
! analytic4 ,he might succe$ z curator 9
 a museum ( mummies1 b he w fail z a    
tea*] ( *ildr54  ,/ory ( a boy4--,a     
sev5-ye>-old boy :o 0 ly+ on 8 back on !
 floor ask$ 8 fa!r ! "q1 ,h[ long s9ce !
 _w 0 born8 ,! fa!r repli$1 ,oh1 ab\t   
f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,9 a few mom5ts ! *ild   
said 9 a tone ( f9ality1 ,t isn't v     
long4 ,!n aft] ano!r int]val1 he ask$1  
,:at 0 !re be=e ! _w 0 born8 ,to ?is !  
fa!r repli$1 ,no?+4 ,aft] a lapse ( two 
or ?ree m9utes ! *ild gave v5t to       
uncontrollable laught] :i* res\nd$      
?r\gh\t ! h\se4 ,:51 at l5g?1 ! fa!r    
ask$ him :at he 0 laugh+ at1 he c\ld    
sc>cely control 8 laught] to answ]4 ,b  
at la/ he manag$ to reply1 ,i 0 laugh+  
to see h[ funny x 0 :5 !re wasn't any?+4
  ,! *ild's imag9ation4--,! philosoph]  
c\ld well af=d to give ! half ( 8 k+dom 

to be able to see :at t *ild saw4 ,out (
 ! gossam] ?reads ( fancy 8 imag9ation  
_h wr\ght a patt]n t transc5ds          
philosophy4 ,! picture t 8 imag9ation   
pa9t$ 0 s extraord9>y t x produc$ a     
p>oxysm ( laught]4 ,t picture is f>     
beyond ! k5 ( ! philosoph] & he w look =
 x 9 va9 because he has gr[n away f !   
*ild 9 p[] ( imag9ation & has lo/ !     
*ild's s5se ( humor4 ,:at t *ild saw w  
nev] be kn[n1 = ! pictures ( fancy are  
ephem]al1 b c]ta9 x is t ! p[] (        
imag9ation & a ke5 s5se ( humor are two 
( ! attributes ( *ildhood ^: loss %\ld  
give bo? 8 fa!r & 8 tea*] poignant      
regrets4  ,! little girl & h] eld]s4--,!
 little girl ^u ! bea* inve/s ! t9y     
wavelets n only ) life & intellig5ce1 b1
 also1 ) a s5se ( humor z %e eludes _!  
sly advances to engulf h] feet4 ,%e     
laughs 9 glee at _! wat]y pranks z !y   
tw9kle & sp>kle1 n[ advanc+1 n[ rec$+1  
try+ to take h] by surprise4 ,%e *ides  
!m = _! duplicity1 !n extols !m = _!    
pranki% playfulness4 ,%e makes !m h]    

companions1 & !y laugh 9 *orus4 ,if %e  
kn[s ( sprites1 & gnomes1 & nymphs1 &   
fairies1 %e f9ds !m all danc+ 9 glee at 
h] feet 9 ! =m ( rippl+ wavelets4 ,&    
:ile %e is ?us refre%+ h] _s f ! brimm+ 
cup ( life1 h] matt]-(-fact eld]s are   
reproa*+ h] = gett+ h] dress soil$4 ,to 
! p>5t or ! tea*] :o lacks a s5se (     
humor & _c ent] into ! little girl's    
conception ( life1 a dress is ( m       
importance ?an ! _s ( ! *ild4 ,b ! tea*]
 or ! p>5t :o has ! aptitude =          
vic>i\sness t enables h] to ent] into ! 
*ild's life 9 h] fun & frolic ) !       
playful wat]1 & c feel ! pres5ce ( !    
nymphs among ! wavelets1--su* a tea*] or
 p>5t w adorn ! s*ool or ! home & ende> 
h]self to ! *ild4  ,l9coln's humor4--,! 
life ( ,abraham ,l9coln af=ds a notable 
illu/ration ( ! sav+ p[] ( humor4 ,re>$ 
9 conditions ( h>d%ip1 8 e>ly life 0    
ess5tially drab & prosaic4 ,9 temp]am5t 
he 0 s]i\s1 ) an incl9ation t[>d !      
morbid1 b 8 s5se ( humor r$eem$ !       
situation4 ,:5 cl\ds ( gloom &          

disc\ragem5t l[]$ 9 8 m5tal sky1 8 ke5  
s5se ( humor p5etrat$ ! d>kness &       
illum9$ 8 pa?way4 ,he 0 sometimes !     
object ( d]ision because m5 c\ld n      
compreh5d ! dep? & bigness ( 8 nature1 &
 8 humor 0 (t5 acc\nt$ a weakness4 ,b ! 
,gettysburg spee* r5d]$ fur!r d]ision   
impossible & ! wondr\s al*emy ( t       
address transmut$ criticism into will+  
praise4  ,humor betok5s deep            
feel+4--,laught] & te>s issue f ! same  
s\rce1 we are told1 & ! ,gettysburg     
spee* reveal$ a dep? & a quality (      
t5d]ness t m5 _h n1 be=e1 be5 able to   
recognize or appreciate4 ,! abs5ce ( a  
s5se ( humor betok5s %all[ness 9 t x    
reveals an inability to feel deeply4 ,p 
:o feel deeply (t5 laugh 9 ord] to      
=e/all te>s4 ,l9coln 0 a great s\l & 8  
s5se ( humor 0 "o elem5t ( 8 greatness4 
,8 apt /ories & 8 humor\s p]sonal       
exp]i5ces (t5 c>ri$ (f a situation :]e  
cold logic w\ld h fail$4 ,:e!r 8 s5se ( 
humor 0 a gift or an acquisition1 x     
c]ta9ly s]v$ ! nation well & gave to u  

all an example t is wor?y ( emulation4  
,! tea*] ( ,engli%4--,_m tea*]s c\ld1 ) 
pr(it to !mselves & _! s*ools1 sit at ! 
feet ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 n only to le>n 
,engli% b also to imbibe 8 s5se ( humor4
 ,no?+ is m pa!tic ?an ! ef=ts ( a tea*]
 :o lacks a s5se ( humor to tea* a bit (
 ,engli% t ab\nds 9 humor1 by means ( ! 
textual notes4 ,! notes are bad en\gh1 9
 all consci5ce1 b ! tea*]'s lack ( humor
 piles ,ossa ^u ,pelion4 ,! solemnity t 
p]vades su* me*anical tea*+ w\ld be     
f>cical 7 x n s pa!tic4 ,! tea*] :o _c  
indulge 9 a he>ty1 hone/1 r++ laugh ) h]
 pupils 9 situations t are really       
humor\s is c]ta9 to be laugh$ at by h]  
pupils4 ,9 h] "w1 z 9 ,l9coln's1 a s5se 
( humor w (t5 save ! day4  ,m>k ,twa9 z 
philosoph]4--,m>k ,twa9 w ev] be acc\nt$
 a v pr9ce ( humori/s1 & s he 04 ,b he 0
 m ?an t4 ,^u ! curr5t ( 8 humor 7 c>ri$
 preci\s c>goes ( ! philosophy ( life4  
,8 humor is (t5 s subtle t ! sup]ficial 
read] fails to appreciate its f9e       
quality & misses ! philosophy altoge!r4 

,to extract ! full mean+ f 8 writ+ "o   
mu/ be able to read n only betwe5 ! l9es
 b also b5ea? ! l9es4 ,! subtle quality 
( 8 humor defies bo? analysis &         
explanation4 ,if x fails to tell its own
 /ory1 s mu* ! worse = ! read]4 ,to su* 
humor z 81 explanation am\nts to an     
imp]t95ce4 ,p c ei!r appreciate x or    
else !y _c1 & !re's ! end ( ! matt]4  ,9
 ! good "t to come :5 ! s*ool tea*es    
read+ = ! purpose ( pleasure & n =      
exam9ation purposes1 we %all h ,m>k     
,twa9 z "o ( our au?ors2 & x is to be   
hop$ t we %all h editions devoid (      
notes4 ,! notes may s]ve to give ! "n ( 
! editor a place on ! title page1 b !   
notes _c add to ! enjoym5t ( ! au?or's  
g5ial humor4 ,m>k ,twa9 reigns supreme1 
& ! editor does well to /& uncov]$ 9 8  
pres5ce & to )hold 8 p54  ,a ,twa9      
/ory4--,"o ( ,m>k ,twa9's /ories is said
 to be "o ( ! mo/ humor\s /ories extant4
 ,! /ory relates h[ a soldi] 0 ru%+ (f !
 battlefield 9 retreat :5 a companion1  
^: leg 0 %att]$1 begg$ to be c>ri$ (f ! 

field4 ,! appeal met a will+ response & 
soon ! soldi] 0 be>+ 8 companion away on
 8 %\ld]1 8 head hang+ d[n ! soldi]'s   
back4 ,unkn[n to ! soldi] a cannon ball 
c>ri$ away ! head ( 8 companion4 ,acco/$
 by ano!r soldi]1 he 0 ask$ :y he 0     
c>ry+ a man ^: head _h be5 %ot away4 ,he
 /\tly d5i$ ! allegation &1 at l5g?1    
dropp$ ! headless body to prove ! o!r's 
halluc9ation4 ,see+ t ! man's head 01 9 
tru?1 gone1 he exclaim$1 ,:y1 ! durn    
fool told me x 0 8 leg4  ,humor defies  
explanation4--,! humor ( ?is /ory is    
cumulative4 ,we may n p>se x1 we may n  
analyze x1 we may n annotate x4 ,we c   
simply enjoy x4 ,&1 if we _c enjoy x1 we
 may pray = a spiritual awak5+1 = su* an
 end[m5t ( ! s5se ( humor z w enable u  
to enjoy1 t we may no long] lead lives t
 are spiritually bl9d4 ,bill ,nye wrote3
    ,! autumn leaves are fall+1    ,!y  
are fall+ ev]y:]e2    ,!y are fall+     
?r\gh ! atmosph]e    ,& likewise ?r\gh !
 air4  ,woe betide ! tea*] :o tries to  
expla96 ,!re is no explanation--!re is j

 ! humor4 ,if t eludes ! read]1 an      
explanation w n avail4  ,a tea*] ( ,lat9
 read to 8 pupils ,! ,h\se-,boat on !   
,/yx 9 connection ) _! read+ ( !        
,a,eneid4 ,x 0 good fun = !m all1 & nev]
 0 ,virgil m highly honor$ ?an 9 !      
assidu\s /udy :i* ^? "y p gave to 8     
l9es4 ,!y 7 eag] to complete ! /udy ( ! 
lesson 9 ord] to h m "t = ! ,h\se-,boat4
 ,! humor ( ! book op5$ wide ! gates (  
_! spirits ?r\gh :i* ! tru?s ( ! regul> 
lesson pass$ bli!ly 94   ,,que/ions ,,& 
,,ex]cises  #a4 ,:at is ! s\rce ( humor 
9 a humor\s /ory8  #b4 ,:5 %\ld ! tea*] 
laugh ) ! s*ool8 ,:5 %\ld %e n d s8  #c4
 ,h[ does ! response ( ! s*ool to a     
laughable incid5t reflect ! lead]%ip ( !
 tea*]8  #d4 ,:at c be done to br+ m or 
bett] humor into ! s*ool8  #e4 ,comp>e z
 companions ^? :om y "k :o exhibit a    
s5se ( humor ) ^? :o d n4  #f4 ,comp>e  
_! influ5ce on o!rs4  #g4 ,:at c be done
 to br+ humor into essays writt5 by !   
/ud5ts8  #h4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 wit &      
humor4 ,does wit or humor cause mo/ ( ! 

laught] 9 s*ool8  #i4 ,:at is meant by  
an aptitude = vic>i\sness8  #aj4 ,h[ did
 ,l9coln make use ( humor8 ,is !re any  
humor 9 ! ,gettysburg spee*8 ,:y8  #aa4 
,:at is ! relation ( pa?os to humor8    
#ab4 ,give an example f ! writ+s ( ,m>k 
,twa9 t %[s him a philosoph] z well z a 
humori/4  #ac4 ,:at books c\ld y read to
 ! pupils to enliv5 "s ( ! subjects t y 
tea*8     ,,*apt] ,,xx  ,! ,elem5t (    
,human ,int]e/   ,ye>n+ t[>d            
bett]m5t4--,mu* has be5 said & writt5 9 
rec5t times t\*+ ! matt] & mann] (      
vitaliz+ & humaniz+ ! /udies & "w ( !   
s*ool4 ,! discussions h be5 nation-wide 
9 _! scope & mo/ f]tile 9 plans &       
practical sugge/ions4 ,no subject (     
great] importance or ( m f>-rea*+ import
 n[ engages ! int]e/ ( educational      
lead]s4 ,!y are q aw>e t some?+ ne$s to 
be done1 b no "o has ann\nc$ ! sov]eign 
rem$y4 ,! critics h made mu* ( ! fact t 
!re is some?+ lack+ or wrong 9 our s*ool
 proc$ure1 b !y c nei!r diagnose ! case 
nor sugge/ ! rem$y4 ,!y c m]ely         

criticize4 ,we are hav+ _m surveys1 b ! 
results h be5 meag] & inadequate4 ,we h 
be5 work+ at ! circumf]5ce ( ! circle r 
?an at ! c5t]4 ,we h be5 /riv+ to re=m  
our educational tra9+1 hop+ = a reflex t
 w\ld be suffici5t to modify ! entire   
s*ool regime4 ,we h add$ dome/ic sci5ce1
 hop+ !reby to recon/ruct ! s*ool by    
inoculation4 ,we h look$ to agriculture 
& o!r vocational /udies z ! magnetic    
influ5ces ( our dreams4 ,some?+ has be5 
accompli%$1 to be sure1 b we are /ill f>
 di/ant f ! goal4 ,! be/ t writ]s c d 9 
_! books or educational conf]5ces c d 9 
_! meet+s1 is to report progress4  ,!   
ob/acle ( cons]vatism4--,"o ( ! greate/ 
ob/acles we h to surm\nt 9 ?is :ole     
matt] ( vitaliz+ s*ool "w is ! habitual 
cons]vatism ( ! s*ool p !mselves4 ,!    
me?ods ( tea*+ t obta9$ 9 ! s*ool :5 we 
7 pupils h groov$ !mselves into habits (
 ?9k+ t smile defiance at ! !ories t we 
h m rec5tly acquir$4 ,:5 we v5ture out f
 ! %ore we want to feel a rope 9 our    
h&s4 ,! sup]9t5d5t speaks f]v5tly to    

patrons or tea*]s on ! subject ( mod]n  
me?ods 9 tea*+1 !n retires to 8 (fice & 
takes intimate & fri5dly c\nsel )       
tradition4 ,9 sail+ ! educational seas  
he mu/ ne$s keep 9 sight ! buoys (      
tradition4 ,?is matt] ( cons]vatism is  
cit$ m]ely to %[ t our progress1 9 ! v  
nature ( ! case1 w be sl[4  ,s*ools (   
education4--,ano!r ob/acle 9 ! way (    
progress t[>d ! vitaliz$ s*ool is !     
attitude & tea*+ ( _m :o are connect$ ) 
colleges ( education & normal s*ools4   
,we h a "r to look to !m = lead]%ip1 b  
we f9d1 in/ead1 t _! practices lag f> 9 
! re> ( _! !ories4 ,!y tea* accord+ to  
su* devitaliz$ me?ods & 9 su* an        
unvitaliz$ way z to discr$it ! subjects 
!y tea*4 ,x is only f su* ( _! /ud5ts z 
are pro( aga9/ _! /yle ( tea*+ t we may 
hope = aid4 ,"o su* tea*] 9 a college ( 
education 9 a c\rse ( eight weeks on !  
subject ( ,s*ool ,adm9i/ration _h 8     
/ud5ts copy figures f /ati/ical reports 
= sev]al days 9 succession & = f\r &    
five h\rs ea* day4 ,! /ud5ts confess$ t 

_! only objective 0 ! ga9+ ( cr$its1 &  
_h no intimation t ! "w !y 7 do+ 0 to   
function any:]e4  ,! ma*9e tea*]4--,su* 
"w is dead5+ & di%e>t5+4 ,x has 9 x no  
inspiration1 no life1 no?+1 9 %ort1 t   
connects ) real life4 ,su* a tea*] c\ld 
n ma9ta9 himself 9 a wide-awake high    
s*ool = a half ye>4 ,! boys & girls w\ld
 des]t him ev5 if !y _h to des]t !      
s*ool4 ,& yet tea*]s & prospective      
tea*]s mu/ endure & n compla94 ,^? :o   
submit sup9ely w attempt to repeat 9 _! 
s*ools ! sort ( tea*+ t obta9s 9 8      
classes1 & _! s*ools w suff] accord+ly4 
,8 sort ( tea*+ proclaims him ei!r m or 
less ?an a human be+ 9 ! e/imation (    
normal p4 ,su* a tea*] drones =? we>y   
platitudes z if 8 utt]ances 7 oracul>4  
,! only pr]equisite = a position 9 "s   
s*ools ( education seems to be a degree 
( a c]ta9 altitude )\t any ref]5ce to   
real tea*+ ability4  ,/ati/ics v]sus    
*ildr54--,su* tea*+ palliates           
educational situations )\t af=d+ a      
solution4 ,x is s /eep$ 9 tradition t x 

resorts to /ati/ics z x w\ld consult an 
oracle4 ,we look to see x e/abli%+      
prec$5ts only to f9d x foll[+ prec$5ts4 
,:5 we w\ld f9d 9 x a lead] we f9d m]ely
 a foll[]4 ,to su* tea*+ /ati/ical      
numb]s mean f> m ?an liv+ *ildr54       
,inde$1 *ildr5 are b objects t become   
useful z a means ( prov+ !ories4 ,x     
lacks vitality1 & t is sad2 b1 wor/ (   
all1 x /rives unceas+ly to p]petuate    
itself 9 ! s*ools4 ,real tea*+ p[]      
receives looks askance 9 "s ( ^!        
colleges z if x bore ! m>k ( ,ca9 9 n   
be+ up to /&>d on ! academic side4 ,&   
yet ^! colleges are tea*+ ! tea*]s ( our
 s*ools4  ,tea*+ p[]4--,h5ce1 ! "w (    
vitaliz+ ! s*ool mu/ beg9 9 our colleges
 ( education & normal s*ools1 & ?is     
beg9n+ w be made only :5 we place !     
emphasis ^u tea*+ p[]4 ,! human         
qualities ( ! tea*]s mu/ be s pron\nc$ t
 !y become _! mo/ di/+ui%$ *>act]i/ics4 
,x is a sad comm5t>y ^u our educational 
processes if a man mu/ po9t to ! lett]s 
( 8 degree to prove t he is a tea*]4 ,8 

tea*+ %\ld be ( su* a nature z to ju/ify
 & glorify 8 degree4 ,z ! prea*]        
receives 8 degree because he c prea*1 s 
! tea*] %\ld receive 8 degree because he
 c tea*1 ev5 if we mu/ create a new     
degree by :i* to designate ! real tea*]4
  ,degrees & human qualities4--,!re is  
no disp>agem5t ( ! academic degree 9 !  
/atem5t t x proves absolutely no?+ t\*+ 
! ability to tea*4 ,x proclaims its     
possessor a /ud5t b n a tea*]4 ,yet1 9  
our practices1 we proce$ ^u ! assumption
 t tea*] & /ud5t are synonym\s4 ,we hold
 exam9ations = tea*]s 9 our s*ools1 b n 
= tea*]s 9 our colleges ( education4 ,8 
degree is ! magic talisman t causes !   
doors to sw+ wide op5 = him4 ,besides1 8
 v pres5ce inside seems to be prima     
facie evid5ce t he is a success1 & all 8
 /ud5ts are suppos$ to jo9 9 ! g5]al    
*orus ( praise4  ,life ! great human    
int]e/4--,! books are eloqu5t & p]si/5t 
9 _! admonitions t we %\ld atta* all    
s*ool "w to ! native int]e/s ( ! *ild4  
,to ?is dictum !re seems to be univ]sal 

& he>ty ass5t4 ,b we d n seem to realize
 fully1 z yet1 t ! big native int]e/ ( !
 *ild is life itself4 ,we h n1 z yet1   
f\nd ! way to enme% ! activities ( !    
s*ool 9 ! life processes ( ! *ild s t ^!
 s*ool activities are z mu* a "p ( 8    
life z 8 food1 8 games1 8 brea?+1 & 8   
sleep4 ,we h be5 int]pret+ "s ( !       
manife/ations ( life z 8 native int]e/s 
b h fail$ ?us to int]pret 8 life z a    
:ole4 ,! *ild is b ! aggregate ( all 8  
inh]5t int]e/s1 & we mu/ "k ^! int]e/s  
if we w\ld f9d ! *ild s z to atta* s*ool
 "w to ! *ild himself4  ,! *ild z a     
:ole4--,"h is ! crux ( ! entire matt]1  
"h ! big problem = ! vitaliz$ s*ool4 ,we
 h be5 tak+ 8 pulse1 te/+ 8 eyes1 tak+ 8
 temp]ature1 & mak+ exam9ations =       
defects--& ^! ?+s are excell5t4 ,b all  
^! ?+s comb9$ d n reveal ! *ild to u4   
,we ne$ to g beyond all ^! 9 ord] to f9d
 him4 ,we mu/ "k :at he ?9ks1 h[ he     
feels z to p & ?+s1 :at 8 aspirations   
are1 :at motives impel him to action1   
:at are 8 intuitions1 :at ?+s he does   

involunt>ily & :at ?r\gh volition or    
compulsion4 ,) su* data cle>ly be=e u we
 c proce$ to atta* s*ool "w to 8 native 
int]e/s4 ,we h be5 /riv+ to b5d him to  
our preconceiv$ notion in/ead ( f9d+ out
 :o & :at he is z a condition prec$5t to
 intellig5t tea*+4  ,?ree types (       
tea*]s4--,! ?ree types ( tea*]s t h be5 
mu* exploit$ 9 ! books are ! tea*] :o   
conceives x to be h] "w to tea* ! book1 
! "o :o tea*es ! subject1 & ! "o :o     
tea*es ! *ild4 ,! numb] ( ! fir/ type is
 /ill v l>ge 9 spite ( all ! books t    
inveigh aga9/ ?is conception4 ,x 7 easy 
to f9d a tea*] ^: practice indicates t  
%e ?9ks t all ! ari?metic !re is or     
ought to be is to be f\nd 9 ! book t    
lies on h] desk4 ,x seems n to occur to 
h] t a score ( books might be writt5 t  
w\ld be equal 9 m]it to ! "o %e is us+1 
"s ( :i* might be f> bett] adapt$ to !  
*ildr5 9 h] p>ticul> s*ool4 ,if %e 7    
ask$ to tea* ari?metic )\t ! aid ( a    
book1 %e w\ld %$ copi\s te>s1 if1 inde$1
 %e did n resign4  ,! fir/ type4--,to   

su* a tea*] ! book is ! ,ultima ,?ule ( 
all h] endeavors1 & :5 ! pupils c pass !
 exam9ation %e feels t h] "w is a       
success4 ,if ! problem 9 ! book does n  
fit ! *ild1 s mu* ! worse = ! *ild1 & %e
 proce$s to try to make him fit !       
problem4 ,x does n occur to h] to       
con/ruct problems t w fit ! *ild4 ,:5 %e
 comes to ! solution ( ! "r triangle1 ! 
baseball diamond does n come to h] m9d4 
,%e has ! boy le>n a rule & try to apply
 x in/ead ( hav+ him f9d ! di/ance f    
fir/ base to ?ird 9 a direct l9e4 ,9 h] 
?9k+ su* a proce$+ w\ld be banal because
 x w\ld violate ! sanctity ( ! book4 ,%e
 mu/ adh]e to ! book ?\gh ! heav5s fall1
 & ! boy ) !m4  ,! book supreme4--,%e   
seems q unable to draw ^u ! f>m1 !      
groc]y1 ! /ore1 or ! playgr\nd =        
suitable problems4 ,^! ?+s seem to be   
obscur$ by h] supreme devotion to !     
book4 ,%e lacks f]tility ( res\rces1 nor
 does %e realize ?is lack1 because h]   
eyes are fa/5$ ^u ! book r ?an ^u !     
*ild4 ,7 %e z int5t ^u ! *ild z %e is ^u

 ! book1 8 int]e/s w\ld direct att5tion 
to ! ?+s t[>d :i* 8 incl9ations ye>n &  
t[>d :i* 8 aptitudes lure him4 ,9 su* a 
case1 h] +5uity & res\rcefulness w\ld   
roam ov] wide fields 9 que/ ( ! objects 
( 8 native int]e/s & %e w\ld return to  
him lad5 ) mat]ial t w\ld fit ! ne$s ( !
 *ild f> bett] ?an ! mat]ial ( ! book4  
,! *ild supreme4--,! tea*] ^: prim>y    
consid]ation is ! *ild & :o sees 9 !    
*ild ! object & focus ( all h]          
activities1 nev] makes a feti% ( ! book4
 ,x has its use1 to be sure1 b x is     
subord9ate 9 ! s*eme ( education4 ,x is 
n a necessity1 b a m]e conv5i5ce4 ,%e   
c\ld disp5se ) x entirely & n d viol5ce 
to ! *ild's int]e/s4 ,no book is l>ge   
en\gh to compass all t %e tea*es1 = %e  
=ages 9 e field to obta9 prop] &        
palatable food = ! *ild4 ,%e tea*es ) ! 
gra9 ( ! *ild & n aga9/ ! gra94 ,if !   
book conta9s :at %e requires 9 h] "w1 %e
 uses x & is glad to h x2 b1 if x does n
 conta9 :at %e ne$s1 %e seeks x else:]e 
& does n return empty-h&$4              

,illu/rations4--,%e places ! tru? %e    
hopes to tea* 9 ! pa? ( ! *ild's        
incl9ation1 & ?is is tak5 into 8 life   
processes4 ,life does n /op at          
way-/ations to take on supplies1 b      
absorbs ! supplies t x enc\nt]s z x     
moves along4 ,?is tea*] does n /op !    
ball game to tea* ! "r triangle1 b      
manages to h ! problem solv$ 9          
connection ) or z a "p ( ! game4 ,%e    
does n taboo ! morn+ pap] 9 ord] to h a 
lesson 9 hi/ory1 b beg9s ) ! pap] z a   
favorable />t+ po9t t[>d ! lesson4 ,%e  
does n confiscate ! cont5ts ( ! boy's   
pocket z contrab&1 b is glad to avail   
h]self ( all ^! z indices ( ! boy's     
int]e/s1 &1 !re=e1 guides = h] tea*+4   
,attitude t[>d tea*+ mat]ials4--,:5 !   
boy c>ries a toad to s*ool1 %e does n   
%udd]1 b r rejoices1 because %e sees 9  
him a possible ,agassiz4 ,:5 he displays
 an int]e/ 9 plant life1 %e sees 9 him  
ano!r ,burbank4 ,:5 %e f9ds him draw+   
pictures at 8 desk1 %e smiles approval1 
= %e sees 9 him ano!r ,raphael4 ,%e does

 n disda9 ! l[lie/ insect1 reptile1 or  
plant :5 %e f9ds x )9 ! circle ( !      
*ild's int]e/s4 ,%e is will+1 nay eag]1 
to ransack ! univ]se if only %e may come
 ^u elem5ts ( nutrition = h] pupils4 ,f 
e fl[] t blooms %e ga!rs honey t %e may 
di/ill x into ! life ( ! *ild4 ,%e does 
n coddle ! *ild2 %e gives him n\ri%m5t4 
,hi/ory4--,h] hi/ory is z wide z human  
?\ght & z high z human aspiration4 ,x   
includes ! ,rosetta /one & ! morn+ pap]4
 ,x travels back f ! clo?+ ( ! *ild to !
 cotton g94 ,! /it* 9 ! little girl's   
dress is ! index f+] t po9ts to ! page t
 depicts ! inv5tion ( ! sew+ ma*9e4 ,e  
eng9e leads h] back to ,watt1 & %e takes
 ! *ildr5 ) h]4 ,e =eign message 9 !    
daily pap] revives ! /ory ( ,field & !  
lay+ ( ! ,atlantic cable4 ,e m5tion ( ! 
,presid5t's cab9et gives occasion =     
review+ ! cab9ets ( o!r ,presid5ts )    
comp>isons & contra/s4 ,at h] magic t\* 
! libr>ies & gall]ies yield =? ri*      
treasures = h] classroom4 ,life is !    
textbook ( h] /udy1 & ! life ( ! *ild is

 ! goal ( h] endeavors4  ,! *ild's      
native int]e/s4--,9 brief1 %e is tea*+  
*ildr5 & n books or subjects1 & !       
int]e/s ( ! *ildr5 take emphatic        
prec$5ce ov] h] own4 ,%e ent]s into !   
life ( ! *ild & makes excursions into   
all life accord+ to ! dictates ( 8      
int]e/s4 ,! *ild is ! big native int]e/ 
to :i* %e atta*es ! "w ( ! s*ool4 ,!    
program is ela/ic en\gh to encompass e  
*ild 9 h] s*ool4 ,h] program is a g>d5 9
 :i* some?+ is gr[+ = ea* *ild1 & %e    
cultivates e plant ) sympa!tic c>e4 ,%e 
consid]s x no h>d%ip to le>n ! plant1 ! 
animal1 ! place1 or ! fact 9 :i* ! *ild 
f9ds int]e/4 ,because ( ! *ild & = !    
sake ( ! *ild %e inve/s all ^! ?+s ) !  
quality ( human int]e/4  ,! s*ool & !   
home4--,ari?metic1 language1 hi/ory1 &  
geography t\* life at a ?\s& po9ts1 & we
 h b to select ! po9ts ( contact ) !    
life ( ea* pupil to r5d] any or all ( ^!
 a vital "p ( ! day's "w & ! day's life4
 ,!y are n ?+s t are deta*$ f ! *ild's  
life4 ,! *ild's err& to ! %op involves  

ari?metic1 & ! vitaliz$ tea*] makes ?is 
fact a "p ( ! work+ capital ( ! s*ool4  
,! d9n] table ab\nds 9 geography1 & !   
tea*] is quick to turn ?is fact to      
acc\nt 9 ! s*ool4 ,h] f]tility (        
res\rces1 c\pl$ ) h] vital int]e/ 9     
human be+s & human affairs1 soon        
e/abli%es a reciprocal relation betwe5 !
 home & ! s*ool4 ,simil>ly1 %e causes ! 
language ( ! s*ool to fl[ out into !    
home1 ! factory1 & ! (fice4  ,! skill ( 
! tea*]4--,hi/ory is n a s*ool affair   
m]ely4 ,x is a life affair1 & ?r\gh all 
! curr5ts ( life x may be made to fl[4  
,! languages1 ,lat91 ,g]man1 ,fr5*1     
,spani%1 are expressions &              
int]pretations ( life1 & !y may be made 
to appe> :at !y really are if ! tea*] is
 res\rceful en\gh & skillful en\gh to   
atta* !m to ! life ( ! pupil by ! human 
ligam5ts t are ev] at h&4 ,*emi/ry1     
physics1 botany1 & physiology all ?rob )
 life if only ! tea*] c place ! f+]s ( !
 pupils on _! pulses4 ,giv5 ! human     
tea*]1 ! human *ild1 & ! humaniz$ tea*+1

 ! vitaliz$ s*ool is inevitable4        
,,que/ions ,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4 ,:at     
ag5cies h be5 employ$ ) ! expectation t 
!y w\ld improve ! s*ool8  #b4 ,:at are !
 reasons :y "s ( ^! h n accompli%$ m8   
#c4 ,give in/ances 9 :i* ! cons]vatism (
 tea*]s seems to h /ood 9 ! way (       
utiliz+ ! elem5t ( human int]e/4  #d4   
,:at d y ?9k ( a tea*] :o ass]ts t no   
important advance has be5 made 9        
educational !ory & practice s9ce1 say1  
#aiaj8  #e4 ,make an outl9e ( :at y ?9k 
a college ( education %\ld d = ! s*ool4 
#f4 ,:at w\ld y expect to ga9 f a c\rse 
9 s*ool adm9i/ration8  #g4 ,! presid5t (
 at lea/ "o ,ohio college p]sonally     
inspects & *ecks up ! "w ( ! pr(essors f
 ! /&po9t ( prop] tea*+ /&>ds1 & has !m 
visit "o ano!r's classes = fri5dly      
criticism & obs]vation4 ,he reports     
improvem5t 9 ! /&>d ( tea*+4 ,h[ is 8   
plan applicable 9 y\r s*ool8  #h4 ,a    
city high s*ool pr9cipal /ates t x is n 
8 cu/om to visit 8 tea*]s' classes2 t he
 kn[s :at is go+ on & t he int]f]es only

 if some?+ is wrong4 ,:at d y ?9k ( 8   
practice8 ,h[ is ! pr9ciple applicable 9
 y\r s*ool8  #i4 ,d ! duties ( a        
sup]9t5d5t h to d only ) curriculum &   
discipl9e1 or h !y to d also ) tea*+    
p[]8  #aj4 ,:at are "s ( ! ways 9 :i* y 
h kn[n sup]9t5d5ts successfully to      
increase ! tea*+ p[] ( ! tea*]s8  #aa4  
,:at ?+s d we ne$ to "k ab\t a *ild 9   
ord] to utilize 8 int]e/s8  #ab4        
,di/+ui% ?ree types ( tea*]s4  #ac4 ,:at
 are ! objections to tea*+ ! book8  #ad4
 ,:at are ! objections to tea*+ !       
subject8  #ae4 ,:at are "s items ( s*ool
 "w ^u :i* "s tea*]s sp5d "t t !y %\ld  
devote to f9d+ mat]ials suit$ to !      
*ild's int]e/s8  #af4 ,c "o tea*]       
utilize all ( ! int]e/s ( a *ild )9 a   
n9e-mon? t]m8 ,:at is ! measure ( h[ f> 
%e %\ld be expect$ to d s8     ,,*apt]  
,,xxi  ,,behavior   ,behavior 9         
retrospect4--,! caption ( ?is *apt]     
implies ! behavior ( human be+s1 z a    
matt] ( c\rse1 & ! /udy ( ?is subject   
is1 at once1 bo? allur+ & illusive4 ,no 

soon] has ! /ud5t arriv$ at d$uctions t 
seem conclusive ?an exceptions beg9 to  
loom up on 8 speculative horizon t      
dis9tegrate 8 !ories & cause him to     
retrace ! /eps ( 8 reason+4 ,su* a /udy 
af=ds l>ge scope = introspection1 b too 
few p incl9e to exam9e _! own behavior 9
 any m5tal attitude t approa*es !       
sci5tific4 ,! o!rs seem to ?9k t ?+s j  
happ51 & t _! own behavior is =tuit\s4  
,!y seem n to be able to reason f effect
 back to cause1 or to realize t !re may 
be any possible connection betwe5 :at !y
 are do+ at ! pres5t mom5t & :at !y 7   
do+ tw5ty ye>s ago4  ,environm5t4--,9   
:at measure is a man ! product ( 8      
environm5t8 ,to :at ext5t is a man able 
to influ5ce 8 environm5t8 ,^! que/ions  
/>t u on a l9e ( inquiry t leads t[>d ! 
realm (1 at lea/1 a hypo!tical solution 
( ! problem ( behavior4 ,aft] we h rea*$
 ! conclusion1 by means ( concrete      
examples1 t _m m5 h influ5c$ _!         
environm5t1 x becomes p]t95t1 at once1  
to inquire /ill fur!r :5ce ^! m5 d]iv$ !

 p[] ?us to modify _! environm5t4 ,we   
may n be able to rea* f9al or           
satisfactory answ]s to ^! que/ions1 b x 
w1 none ! less1 prove a pr(itable       
ex]cise4 ,we ne$ n tr5* ^u ! !ological  
doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation1 b we may1 )      
impunity1 speculate ^u ! possibility ( a
 doctr9e ( educational pr$e/9ation4     
,qu]ies4--,0 ,mr4 ,george ,goe?als      
pr$e/9$ to become ! eng9e] ( ! ,panama  
,canal f ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 or might he
 h become a f>m]1 a physician1 or a     
poet8 ,c\ld ,julius ,caes> h turn$ back 
f ! ,rubicon & refra9$ f say+1 ,! die is
 ca/8 ,c\ld ,abraham ,l9coln h )held 8  
p5 f ! ,emancipation ,proclamation &    
p]mitt$ ! negro race to cont9ue 9       
slav]y8 ,c\ld any influ5ce h det]r$     
,walt] ,scott f writ+ ,k5ilwor?8 ,0     
,rob]t ,fulton's inv5tion ( ! /eamboat  
inevitable8 ,c\ld ,*ri/oph] ,columbus   
possibly h done o!rwise ?an discov]     
,am]ica8 ,does education h any?+ :atev] 
to d 9 det]m9+ :at a man w or w n d8    
,antec$5t causes4--,"h sits a man1 let u

 say1 :o is writ+ a musical selection4  
,he works 9 a v]itable fr5zy1 & all else
 seems negligible = ! "t4 ,he well-nigh 
disda9s food & sleep 9 ! int5sity ( 8   
int]e/4 ,is ?is p>ticul> episode 9 8    
life m]ely happ5+1 or does "s causative 
influ5ce lie back ( ?is ev5t some:]e 9 !
 ye>s8 ,did "s influ5ce ( home1 or      
s*ool1 or playgr\nd give him an impulse 
& an impetus t[>d ?is ev5t8 ,or1 9 o!r  
words1 are ! activities ( 8 e>li] life  
function+ on ! bit ( pap] be=e him8 ,if 
?is is an effect1 :at & :]e 0 ! cause8  
,9 ! case ( any type ( human behavior c 
we po/ulate antec$5t causes8 ,if a      
hundr$ musicians 7 writ+ musical        
compositions at ! same mom5t1 w\ld !y   
(f] simil> explanations ( _! behavior8  
,lead]%ip4--,z a work+ hypo!sis1 x may  
be av]r$ t ability to influ5ce          
environm5t betok5s lead]%ip4 ,) su* a   
measur+-rod 9 h& we may g out into !    
community & det]m9e1 ) "s degree (      
accuracy1 :o are lead]s & :o are m]e    
foll[]s4 ,!n we %\ld ne$ to g fur!r &   

discov] degrees ( lead]%ip1 :e!r small  
or l>ge1 &1 also1 ! quality ( !         
lead]%ip1 :e!r good or bad1 wise or     
fooli%1 selfi% or altrui/ic1 noisy or   
s]5e1 & all ! _m o!r v>iations4 ,hav+   
done all ?is1 we are /ill only on !     
?re%old ( our /udy1 = we mu/ reason back
 f our accumulat$ facts to _! antec$5t  
causes4 ,if we score "o man's lead]%ip  
fifty & ano!r's eighty1 h we any        
possible w>rant = conclud+ t ! influ5ces
 9 _! e>ly life t t5d to g5]ate lead]%ip
 7 approximately z five to eight8       
,re/rict$ concepts4--,?is "q is c]ta9 to
 enc\nt] incr$ulity1 j z x is c]ta9 to  
raise o!r que/ions4 ,bo? results w be   
gratify+ z %[+ an awak5+ ( int]e/1 :i*  
is ! mo/ & ! be/ t ! pres5t discussion c
 possibly hope to accompli%4 ,v _m1     
p]haps mo/1 tea*]s 9 ! traditional s*ool
 d _! tea*+ ) ref]5ce to ! next         
exam9ation4 ,!y rem9d _! pupils daily ( 
! on-com+ exam9ation & rem9d !m ( ! dire
 consequ5ces foll[+ _! failure to atta9 
! pass+ grade ( sev5ty4 ,!y ask :at     

answ] ! pupil w\ld give to a c]ta9 "q if
 x %\ld appe> 9 ! exam9ation4 ,if !y c  
someh[ get _! pupils to surm\nt t b>ri] 
( sev5ty at promotion "t1 !y seem q     
will+ to turn _! backs ^u !m & let !    
tea*] 9 ! next grade make :at %e c ( su*
 unpr(itable baggage4  ,ea* lesson a    
prophecy4--,& we /ill call ?is          
education4 ,x isn't education at all1 b 
! m]e/ hack "w1 & ! trag$y ( x is t !   
*ild is ! "o to suff]4 ,! tea*] goes on 
h] complac5t way happy 9 ! consci\sness 
t h] pupils 7 promot$ &1 !re=e1 %e w    
reta9 h] place on ! pay roll4 ,x 7 m    
logical to h ! same tea*] cont9ue ) !   
pupil dur+ 8 entire s*ool life ( twelve 
ye>s1 =1 9 t case1 h] int]e/ 9 him w\ld 
be cont9u\s r ?an tempor>y & spasmodic4 
,b ! pres5t plan ( *ang+ tea*]s w\ld be 
ev5 bett] ?an t if only e tea*]'s "w    
c\ld be made to project itself n only to
 graduation day1 b to ! days ( mature   
manhood & womanhood4 ,if only e tea*] 7 
able to make ea* lesson a vital prophecy
 ( :at ! pupil is to be & to d tw5ty    

ye>s h5ce1 !n t lesson w\ld become a    
condition prec$5t to ! pupil's future   
behavior4  ,outlook4--,grop+ ab\t 9 !   
twilight ( possibilities we speculate 9 
a mild & sup]ficial way z to ! ext5t to 
:i* h]$ity1 environm5t1 & education ei!r
 s+ly or 9 comb9ation are det]m9+       
factors 9 human behavior4 ,b :5 no      
def9ite answ] is =?com+ we lose int]e/ 9
 ! subject & h rec\rse to ! traditional 
me?ods ( our gr&fa!rs4 ,we lose sight ( 
! fact t 9 our que/ = ! solution ( ?is  
problem we are com+ ne>] & ne>] to !    
answ] to ! p]5nial "q1 ,:at is          
education8 ,h5ce1 nei!r ! "t nor ! ef=t 
is wa/$ t we devote to ?is /udy4 ,we may
 n und]/& h]$ity2 we may f9d ourselves  
bewild]$ by environm5t2 we may n        
appreh5d :at education is2 b by keep+   
all ^! closely associat$ ) behavior 9   
our ?9k+ we %all be ! ga9]s4  ,long     
division ramifi$4--,we are admoni%$ s to
 organize ! activities ( ! s*ool t !y   
may function 9 behavior4 ,t is an       
admonition ( /up5d\s import z we discov]

 :5 we attempt to compass ! cont5t (    
behavior4 ,"o ( ! activities ( ! s*ool  
is ,long ,division4 ,?is is relatively  
simple1 b ! possible behavior 9 :i* x   
may function is f> less simple4 ,9 !    
pa/1 ?is same ,long ,division has       
function$ 9 ! ,brooklyn ,bridge1 9 !    
,hoosac ,tunnel1 & ,wa%+ton ,monum5t1 9 
! ,simplon ,pass1 & 9 ,eiffel ,t[]4 ,x  
has help$ u to travel up ! m\nta9 side  
on funicul> railways1 und]nea? riv]s &  
cities by means ( subways1 "u ! ocean 9 
subm>9es1 & 9 ! air by means ( aircraft1
 & ov] ! tops ( cities on elevat$       
railways4 ,only ! prophet w\ld h !      
tem]ity to pr$ict :at fur!r a*ievem5ts !
 future holds 9 /ore4 ,b all t has be5  
done & all t w yet be done are only a "p
 ( ! behavior 9 :i* ?is activity        
functions4  ,behavior amplifi$4--,human 
behavior runs ! entire gamut1 f ! be/ial
 to ! sublime1 ) all ! gradations       
betwe54 ,x has to d ) ! mean ?ief :o    
pilf]s ! petty treasures ( ! little     
*ild1 & ) ! high-m9d$ philan?ropi/ :o   

walks & works 9 ob$i5ce to ! behe/s (   
altruism4 ,x includes ! fr[zy slatt]n :o
 (f5ds ! sight & also ! high-born lady (
 quality ^: pres5ce exhales &1 !re=e1   
inspires to1 ref9em5t & grace4 ,x has to
 d ) ! co>se boor :o defiles ) 8 p]son &
 8 spee* & ! c\rtly1 cultur$ g5tleman :o
 becomes ! exempl> ( ^? :o come "u 8    
influ5ce4 ,x t\*es ! deprav$ gam9 ( !   
alley & ! celebrat$ s*ol> ^: p5 & voice 
%$ light & com=t4 ,x conc]ns itself ) ! 
d>k lurk+ places ( ! pr[l]s ( ! night :o
 prey ^u innoc5ce1 virtue1 & prosp]ity &
 ) ! cultur$ home ^: memb]s make &      
glorify civilization4  ,its scope4--,x  
sw+s ?r\gh ! mighty arc1 f ! an>*i/     
plott+ deva/ation & dea? up to ,socrates
 incit+ 8 fri5ds to good c\rage z he    
dr9ks ! hemlock4 ,x takes cognizance ( !
 slave 9 8 cab9 no less ?an ( ,l9coln 9 
8 act ( sett+ ! slaves free4 ,x t\*es ! 
extremes 9 ,mrs4 ,grundy & ,cl>a ,b>ton4
 ,x conc]ns itself ) ,m$ea scatt]+ !    
limbs ( h] murd]$ bro!r along ! way to  
delay h] pursu]s & ) ,antigone p]=m+ !  

rites ( burial ov] ! body ( h] bro!r t 8
 s\l might live =ev]4 ,x has to d )     
,circe1 :o trans=m$ m5 into pigs1 & )   
,frances ,will>d1 :o s\ght to re/ore lo/
 manhood4 ,x includes all t p]ta9s to   
,lucrezia ,borgia & ,m>y ,magdal5e2 ,n]o
 & ,phillips ,brooks2 ,john ,wilkes     
,boo? & ,na?an ,hale2 ,becky ,%>p &     
,evangel9e2 ,gon]il & ,cordelia2 &      
,b5$ict ,arnold & ,george ,wa%+ton4     
,behavior 9 hi/ory4--,be=e ! tea*] c w9 
a />t+-po9t 9 h] ef=ts to organize !    
activities ( h] s*ool 9 su* a mann] t !y
 may function 9 behavior1 %e mu/ h a    
pretty cle> notion z to :at behavior    
really is4 ,to ga9 ?is compreh5sive     
notion %e mu/ review 9 h] ?9k+ ! ev5ts t
 make up hi/ory4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ea* "o (
 ^! ev5ts %e mu/ realize t ?is is !     
behavior 9 :i* antec$5t activities      
function$4 ,!n %e w be free to speculate
 ^u ! "* ( ^? activities1 :at           
modifications1 accretions1 or abrasions 
!y exp]i5c$ 9 pass+ f ! place ( _! orig9
 to ! ev5t be=e h]1 & :e!r l activities 

9 ano!r place or ano!r age w\ld function
 9 a simil> ev5t4 ,%e ne$ n be disc\rag$
 if %e f9ds no adequate answ]1 = %e w be
 ! bett] tea*] because ( ! speculation1 
ev5 lack+ a def9ite answ]4              
,ma*9]y4--,%e mu/ *all5ge e piece (     
ma*9]y t meets h] gaze ) ! "q ,:5ce     
came/ ?\8 ,%e kn[s1 9 a vague way1 t x  
is ! product ( m9d1 b %e ne$s to "k m4  
,%e ne$s to "k t ! ma*9e ^u :i* %e is   
look+ did n m]ely happ51 b t x has a    
hi/ory z fasc9at+ z any romance if only 
%e cause x to give =? a revelation (    
itself4 ,%e may f9d 9 trac+ ! evolution 
( ! pl[ t ! orig9al 0 ! =ef+] ( "s cave 
man1 9 ! remote pa/4 ,= a c]ta9ty1 %e w 
f9d1 lurk+ 9 "s ma*9e1 9 "s =m1 !       
multiplication table1 & ?is fact w =m an
 int]e/+ nexus betwe5 behavior 9 ! =m ( 
! ma*9e & ! activities ( ! s*ool4 ,%e w 
be delight$ to le>n t no ma*9e 0 ev]    
con/ruct$ )\t ! aid ( ! multiplication  
table1 & :5 %e is tea*+ ?is table       
!reaft] %e does ! "w ) ke5] ze/1 kn[+ t 
x may function 9 ano!r ma*9e4           

,art4--,:5 %e looks at ! ,captive       
,&roma*e by ,leighton %e is involv$ 9 a 
network ( speculations4 ,%e wond]s by   
:at devi\s ways ! m9d ( ! arti/ _h      
travel$ 9 rea*+ ?is type & example (    
behavior4 ,%e wond]s :e!r ! arti/ic     
impulse 0 born 9 him or :e!r x 0        
acquir$4 ,%e sees t he knew 8 ,hom] & %e
 w\ld be glad to "k j h[ 8 read+ ( !    
,iliad _h come to function 9 ?is        
p>ticul> picture4 ,%e fur!r wond]s :at  
lessons 9 draw+ & pa9t+ ! arti/ _h _h 9 
! s*ools t f9ally culm9at$ 9 ?is        
ma/]piece1 & :e!r any ( 8 classmates ev]
 a*iev$ di/9ction z arti/s4 ,%e wond]s1 
too1 :e!r !re is an embryo arti/ 9 h]   
class & :at %e ought to d 9 ! face ( t  
possibility4 ,aga9 %e wond]s h[         
geography1 gramm>1 & spell+ c be made to
 function 9 su* a pa9t+ z ,rosa         
,bonheur's ,! ,pl\gh ,ox51 & h] wond]   
s]ves to inve/ ^! subjects ) new mean+ &
 p[]4  ,%akespe>e4--,9 ! s*ool at       
,/rat=d !y po9t$ out to h] ! desk at :i*
 ,%akespe>e sat z a lad1 ) all its boyi%

 hi]oglyphics1 & h] ?\ght in/9ctively   
leap$ across ! ye>s to ,! ,tempe/1 ,k+  
,le>1 & ,hamlet4 ,%e pond]$ deeply !    
relation betwe5 ! activities ( ! lad & !
 behavior ( ! man1 wond]+ h[ mu* ! s*ool
 _h to d ) ! plays t /& alone 9         
lit]ature1 & :e!r he imbib$ ! p[] f     
associations1 f books1 f p1 or f 8      
ance/ors4 ,%e wond]$ :at magic +r$i5t _h
 be5 dropp$ into ! activities ( 8 life t
 _h prov5 ! det]m9+ factor 9 ! plays t  
set him ap>t among m54 ,%e realizes t 8 
behavior 0 di/9ctive1 & %e fa9 w\ld     
discov] ! talisman ^: pot5t influ5ce    
det]m9$ ! b5t & p[] ( 8 m9d4 ,& %e      
wond]s1 aga91 :e!r any pupil 9 h] s*ool 
may ev] exemplify su* behavior4         
,hi/ory4--,:5 %e reads h] hi/ory %e has 
a ke5]1 deep]1 & wid] int]e/ ?an ev]    
be=e1 = %e n[ realizes t e ev5t ( hi/ory
 is an effect1 ^: incit+ causes lie back
 9 ! ye>s1 & is n =tuit\s z %e once     
imag9$4 ,%e realizes t ! hi/orical ev5t 
may h be5 ! conv]g5ce ( _m l9es ( ?9k+  
emanat+ f widely div]g5t s\rces1 & ?is  

conception s]ves to make h] int]e/ m    
acute4 ,9 ?us reason+ f effect back to  
cause %e ga9s ! ability to reason f     
cause to effect &1 !re=e1 h] tea*+ (    
hi/ory becomes f> m vital4 ,%e is /udy+ 
! philosophy ( hi/ory & n a m]e         
catalogue ( isolat$ & unrelat$ facts4   
,hi/ory is a great web1 & 9 ! ev5ts %e  
sees ! patt]n t m9ds h work$4 ,%e is m  
conc]n$ n[ ) ! reactions ( h] pupils to 
?is patt]n ?an %e is ) m]e names &      
dates1 = ^! reactions give h] a clew to 
t5d5cies on ! "p ( h] pupils t may lead 
to results ( va/ import4  ,poetry4--,9 e
 poem %e reads %e f9ds an illu/ration ( 
m5tal & spiritual behavior1 & %e fa9    
w\ld f9d ! key t w discov] ! m5tal      
op]ations t condition$ ! =m ( ! poem4   
,%e w\ld h>k back to ! primal impulse ( 
ea* bit ( imag]y1 & %e analyzes &       
appraises ea* ^w & l9e ) ! zeal & skill 
( a connoisseur4 ,%e w\ld e/imate ju/ly 
& accurately ! activities t function$ 9 
?is sort ( behavior4 ,%e seeks = !      
influ5ces ( l&scapes1 ( sky1 ( birds1 ( 

sunsets1 ( cl\ds1--9 %ort1 ( all nature1
 z well z ( ! manife/ations ( ! human   
s\l4 ,?us ! tea*] ga9s access into ! v  
he>t ( nature & life & c ?us cause !    
poem to become a liv+ ?+ to h] pupils4  
,9 all lit]ature %e is ev] seek+ = !    
incit+ causes2 = only s c %e prove an   
inspir+ guide & c\nselor 9 po9t+ to !m !
 way t[>d wor?y a*ievem5ts4  ,attitude (
 tea*]4--,9 conclusion1 !n1 we may      
readily di/+ui% ! vitaliz$ tea*] f !    
traditional tea*] by h] attitude t[>d ! 
facts set d[n 9 ! books4 ,! traditional 
tea*] looks ^u !m z m]e facts to be     
not$1 connot$1 memoriz$1 reproduc$1 &   
grad$1 :]eas ! vitaliz$ tea*] reg>ds !m 
z types ( behavior1 z ultimate effects (
 m5tal & spiritual activities4 ,!       
traditional tea*] kn[s t sev5 times n9e 
are sixty-?ree1 & t is q en\gh = h]     
purpose4 ,if ! pupil recites ! fact     
correctly1 %e gives him a p]fect grade &
 recomm5ds him = promotion4 ,= !        
vitaliz$ tea*] ! b>e fact is n en\gh4   
,%e does n disda9 or neglect ! me*anics 

( h] "w1 b %e sees beyond ! pres5t4 ,%e 
sees ?is same fact m]g+ into ! op]ations
 ( algebra1 geometry1 trigonometry1     
calculus1 physics1 & eng9e]+1 until x   
f9ally functions 9 "s ent]prise t r$\nds
 to ! well-be+ ( humanity4              
,conclusion4--,to h] e ev5t ( hi/ory1 e 
fact ( ma!matics & sci5ce1 e l9e (      
poetry1 e passage ( lit]ature is        
pregnant ) mean+1 dynamic1 vibrant1     
dramatic1 & prophetic4 ,no?+ c be dull  
or prosaic to h] electric t\*4 ,all !   
facts ( ! books1 all ! emotions ( life1 
& all ! beauties ( nature %e weaves into
 ! fabric ( h] dreams = h] pupils4 ,!   
goal ( h] aspirations is f> ahead1 &    
ar\nd ?is goal %e sees clu/]$ ^? :o 7 h]
 pupils4 ,9 e recitation ?is goal looms 
l>ge 9 h] vision4 ,%e c envisage !      
viewpo9t ( h] pupils1 & ?us /rives to h 
!m envisage h]s4 ,%e ye>ns to h !m jo9 )
 h] 9 look+ d[n ?r\gh ! ye>s :5 !       
activities ( ! s*ool w be function+ 9   
wor?y behavior4   ,,que/ions ,,&        
,,ex]cises  #a4 ,discuss ! relative     

importance ( environm5t z a factor 9 !  
behavior ( plants2 animals2 *ildr52 m54 
#b4 ,h[ may an und]/&+ ( ! mutual       
reaction ( ! *ild & 8 environm5t assi/ !
 tea*] 9 plann+ = "* build+ 9 pupils8   
#c4 ,make specific sugge/ions by :i*    
*ildr5 may influ5ce _! environm5t4  #d4 
,discuss ! vitaliz$ tea*]'s contribution
 to ! environm5t ( ! *ild4  #e4 ,aft]   
read+ ?is *apt] give y\r def9ition (    
behavior4  #f4 ,discuss ! au?or's idea (
 lead]%ip4  #g4 ,def9e education 9 t]ms 
( behavior1 environm5t1 & h]$ity4  #h4  
,acc\nt = ! diff]5ce 9 behavior ( "s ( !
 *>act]s m5tion$ 9 ! *apt]4  #i4 ,h[ may
 ! vitaliz$ tea*] be di/+ui%$ f !       
traditional tea*] 9 h] attitude t[>d    
facts8  #aj4 ,discuss ! doctr9e (       
educational pr$e/9ation4     ,,*apt]    
,,xxii  ,,bond ,,& ,,free   ,spiritual  
fre$om4--,!re is no slav]y m abject ?an 
! bondage ( ignorance4 ,john ,bunyan 0 n
 greatly inconv5i5c$ by be+ inc>c]at$ 9 
jail4 ,8 _s c\ld n be imprison$1 b !    
imprisonm5t ( 8 body gave 8 m9d & _s    

fre$om & opportunity to d "w t1 o!rwise1
 might n h be5 done4 ,if he _h liv$ a   
m]e physical life & _h _h no res\rces ( 
! m9d ^u :i* to draw1 8 exp]i5ce 9 !    
jail w\ld h be5 mo/ irksome4 ,b1 be+    
equipp$ ) m5tal & spiritual res\rces1 he
 c\ld smile disda9 at prison b>s1 &     
proce$ ) 8 "w 9 spiritual fre$om4 ,_h he
 be5 dep5d5t solely1 or ev5 ma9ly1 ^u   
food1 sleep1 dr9k1 & o!r contributions  
to 8 physical be+ = 8 def9ition ( life1 
!n 8 :ole life w\ld h be5 re/rict$ to ! 
limits ( 8 cell2 b ! m ext5sive &       
expansive res\rces ( 8 life r5d]$ ! jail
 virtually nonexi/5t4                   
,illu/rations4--,x is possible1 !re=e1 s
 to furni% ! m9d t x c enjoy fre$om 9   
spite ( any bondage to :i* ! body may be
 subject$4 ,inde$1 ! :ole process (     
education has z its l>ge objective !    
fre$om ( ! m9d & _s4 ,k ( tru? gives    
fre$om2 ignorance ( tru? is bondage4 ,a 
man's k may be measur$ by ! ext5t ( 8   
fre$om2 8 ignorance1 by ! ext5t ( 8     
bondage4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( tru? ! man :o   

kn[s /&s free & unaba%$1 :ile ! man :o  
does n "k /&s baffl$ & emb>rass$4 ,9 a  
*emical laboratory ! man :o kn[s *emi/ry
 moves ab\t ) ease & fre$om1 :ile ! man 
:o does n "k *emi/ry /&s fix$ 9 "o spot1
 fe>+ to move le/ he may cause an       
explosion4 ,to ! man :o kn[s a/ronomy ! 
sky at night pres5ts a m>vel\s panorama 
full ( int]e/ & inspiration1 to ! man :o
 is ignorant ( a/ronomy ! same sky is   
m]ely a dome /udd$ ) dots ( light4      
,rome4--,! man :o lacks k ( hi/ory is   
utt]ly bewild]$ & ill at ease 9 !       
,capitol9e ,museum at ,rome4 ,all ab\t  
him are bu/s t repres5t ! m5 :o made    
,roman hi/ory1 b !y h no mean+ = him4   
,n]o & ,julius ,caes> are m]e names to  
him &1 z su*1 be> no relation to life4  
,cic]o & ,caligula might ex*ange places 
& x w\ld be all "o to him4 ,he takes a  
fleet+ glance at ! /atue ( ! ,dy+ ,gaul1
 b x conveys no mean+ to him4 ,he has   
nei!r read nor he>d ( ,byron's poem :i* 
?is /atue inspir$4 ,he sees ne> by !    
celebrat$ ,m>ble ,faun1 b he has n read 

,haw?orne's romance & !re=e ! /atue     
evokes no int]e/4 ,9 %ort1 he is bor$ & 
uncom=table1 & importunes 8 companions  
to g else:]e4  ,:5 he looks out ^u !    
,=um he says x looks ! same to him z any
 o!r /one qu>ry1 & he r\ndly b]ates !   
%iftlessness ( ! ,romans 9 p]mitt+ !    
,coliseum to rema9 :5 ! /one c\ld be us$
 = build+ purposes1 = bridges1 & = pav+4
 ,! ,tib] impresses him n at all =1 z he
 says1 he has se5 mu* l>g] riv]s &1     
c]ta9ly1 _m ^: wat] is m cle>4 ,9 !     
,si/9e ,*apel he _c be p]suad$ to give m
 ?an a pass+ glance at ! ceil+ because x
 makes 8 neck a*e to look up4 ,!        
,laocoo5 & ,apollo ,belv$]e he w n see1 
giv+ z a reason t he is m ?an tir$ (    
look+ at silly /atu>y4 ,he feels x an   
imposition t he %\ld be dragg$ ar\nd to 
su* places :5 he c>es no?+ = !m4 ,8     
evid5t bor$om is pa!tic1 & he repeat$ly 
says t he'd f> r be visit+ 9 ! corn]    
groc]y back home1 ?an to be sp5d+ 8 "t 9
 ! ,vatican4  ,contra/s4--,9 ?is1 he    
speaks b ! simple tru?4 ,9 ! groc]y he  

has com=t :ile1 9 ! ,vatican1 he is 9   
bondage4 ,8 ignorance ( art1            
ar*itecture1 hi/ory1 & lit]ature r$uces 
him to ?ralldom 9 any place t           
exemplifies ^!4 ,9 ! groc]y he has com=t
 because he c h a %>e 9 ! small talk &  
gossip t obta9 !re4 ,8 companions speak 
8 language & he feels himself to be "o (
 !m4 ,7 !y1 by any *ance1 to beg9 a     
discussion ( hi/ory he w\ld feel himself
 o/raciz$ & w\ld leave !m to _! own     
devices4 ,if !y w\ld reta9 him z a      
companion !y mu/ keep )9 8 range (      
int]e/s & ?9k+4 ,to g outside 8 small   
circle is to (f] an affront4 ,he _c     
speak ! language ( hi/ory1 or sci5ce1 or
 art1 & s exp]i5ces a feel+ ( discom=t 9
 any pres5ce :]e ?is language is spok54 
,hi/ory4--,9 ?is concrete illu/ration we
 f9d ample ju/ification = ! tea*+ (     
hi/ory 9 ! s*ools4 ,hi/ory is "o ( !    
l>ge /r&s 9 ! web ( life1 & to neglect  
?is /udy is to d5y to ! pupil "o ( !    
elem5ts ( fre$om4 ,x is n easy to       
conceive a situation t lacks ! elem5t ( 

hi/ory 9 "o or ano!r ( its phases or    
manife/ations4 ,:e!r ! pupil travels1 or
 emb>ks ^u a pr(essional life1 or       
associates1 9 any relation1 ) cultivat$ 
p1 he w f9d a k ( hi/ory n only a       
conv5i5ce b a real necessity1 if he is  
to escape ! feel+ ( ?ralldom4 ,!        
utilit>ian value ( s*ool /udies has be5 
mu* exploit$1 & t phase is n to be      
neglect$2 b we ne$ to g fur!r 9 e/imat+ 
! influ5ce ( any /udy4 ,we ne$ to       
inquire n only h[ a k ( ! /udy w aid !  
pupil 9 8 "w1 b also h[ x w contribute  
to 8 life4  ,re/rict$ concepts4--,we    
lu/ily proclaim our c\ntry to be ! l& ( 
! free1 b our notion ( fre$om is mu*    
re/rict$4 ,9 ! popul> conception fre$om 
has ref]5ce to ! body4 ,a man c walk !  
/reets )\t mole/ation & c vote 8        
s5tim5ts at ! polls1 b he may n be able 
to take a day's ride ab\t ,concord &    
,lex+ton ) any appreciable s5se (       
fre$om4 ,he may walk ab\t !             
,congressional ,libr>y & feel himself 9 
prison4 ,he may des]t a lecture = !     

saloon 9 ! int]e/s ( 8 own com=t4 ,he   
may f9d ! liv]y /able m cong5ial ?an !  
draw+-room4 ,8 body may exp]i5ce a sort 
( fre$om :ile 8 m9d & _s are held fa/ 9 
! %ackles ( ignorance4 ,a ,burr\ghs1 an 
,edison1 a ,?oreau1 might h 8 feet 9 !  
/ocks & /ill h m fre$om ?an su* a man z 
?is4 ,he walks ab\t amid hi/oric sc5es )
 8 spiritual eyes bl9dfold$1 & t        
condition ( m9d precludes fre$om4  ,real
 fre$om4--,we %all n atta9 our high     
privileges z a free p until fre$om comes
 to mean m ?an ! abs5ce ( physical      
re/ra9t4 ,our conception ( fre$om mu/   
rea* out into ! _w ( m9d & _s1 & our    
educational processes mu/ e/eem x _!    
*ief function to set m5tal & spiritual  
prison]s free4 ,we h only to read       
hi/ory1 sci5ce1 & lit]ature to realize  
:at sublime heights m9d c atta9 9 its   
explorations ( ! realms ( tru?1 &1 s9ce 
! boys & girls ( our s*ools are to pass 
?is way b once1 e ef=t possible %\ld be 
made to accord to !m full fre$om to     
emulate ! m5tal a*ievem5ts ( ^? :o h    

gone be=e4 ,!y h a "r to become ! equals
 ( _! pr$ecessors1 & only fre$om ( m9d &
 _s c make !m su*4 ,e man %\ld be l>g]  
?an 8 task1 & only fre$om ( m9d & _s c  
make him s4 ,! man :o works 9 ! dit* c  
revel among ! sublime manife/ations (   
tru? if only 8 m9d is rightly furni%$4  
,spell+4--,! man :o is defici5t 9 spell+
 inevitably conf9es 8 vocabul>y to n>r[ 
limits & s lacks facility ( expression &
 nicety ( diction4 ,accord+ly1 he suff]s
 by comp>ison ) o!rs ^: vocabul>y is m  
ext5sive & ^: diction is1 !re=e1 m      
elegant4 ,! consci\sness ( 8 %ortcom+s  
re/ricts ! exub]ance ( 8 life1 & he     
fails ( t s5se ( l>ge fre$om t a k (    
spell+ w\ld c]ta9ly give4 ,s t ev5 9 su*
 an elem5t>y /udy z spell+ ! s*ool has  
an opportunity to g5]ate 9 ! pupils a   
feel+ ( fre$om1 & ?is feel+ is q z      
important 9 ! s*eme ( life z ! ability  
to spell correctly4 ,9 ?is /atem5t1 !re 
is no /ra9+ = effects4 ,on ! contr>y1 _m
 illu/rations might be adduc$ to prove t
 x is b a pla9 /atem5t ( fact4 ,a       

cultur$ lady confesses t %e is ?r[n into
 a panic :5ev] %e has occasion to use ! 
^w ,tuesday because %e is nev] c]ta9 ( !
 spell+4  ,! swit*bo>d4--,life may be   
lik5$ to an ext5sive electric swit*bo>d1
 & only t man or woman has complete     
fre$om :o c press ! "r button )\t       
hesitation or trepidation4 ,! ignorant  
man /&s p>alyz$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is my/]y 
& kn[s n h[ to proce$ to evoke ! correct
 response to 8 desires4 ,x has be5 said 
t ev]y?+ is inf9itely high t we _c see  
ov]4 ,h5ce1 to ! man :o does n "k1 cube 
root is inf9itely high &1 z su*1 is z f>
 away f 8 compreh5sion z ! f\r? dim5sion
 or ! precession ( ! equ9oxes4 ,9 !     
pres5ce ( ev5 su* a simple tru? z cube  
root he /&s helpless & en?rall$4 ,he    
lives 9 a small circle & _c "k ! joy ( !
 man ^: m9d =ga!rs ) ! big tru?s ( life4
  ,comp>isons4--,! ignorant man _c      
accompany ?is man ^u 8 mighty           
excursions1 b mu/ rema9 beh9d to make   
:at he c ( 8 feeble res\rces4 ,! "o c   
p5etrate ! my/]ies ( ! planets & br+    

back _! secrets2 ! o!r mu/ conf9e 8 ?9k+
 to ! wea!r & ! crops4 ,! "o c f9d      
ent]ta9m5t 9 ! ,bible & ,%akespe>e2 !   
o!r seeks companion%ip among ! c[boys & 
,indians ( ! picture-films4 ,! "o sits 9
 rapt delight ?r\gh an ev5+ ( gr& op]a1 
revel+ on ! sunlit summits ( h>mony2 !  
o!r c rise no high] 9 ! scale ( music   
?an ! rauc\s h& organ4 ,! "o f9ds ke5   
delight among ! ma/]pieces ( art2 ! o!r 
f9ds 8 def9ition ( art 9 ! color$       
supplem5t4 ,! "o exp]i5ces ! acme (     
pleasure 9 commun+ ) hi/orians1         
musicians1 arti/s1 sci5ti/s1 &          
philologi/s2 ! o!r f9ds su* associations
 ! v acme ( bor$om4 ,! "o f9ds fre$om   
among ! big ?+s ( life2 ! o!r f9ds gall+
 bondage4  ,?ree elem5ts ( fre$om4--,!re
 are ?ree elem5ts ( fre$om t are wor?y (
 emphasis4 ,^! are self-reliance1       
self-support1 & self-respect4 ,^!       
elem5ts are ! tr9ity t con/itute "o ( ! 
major ultimate aims ( ! vitaliz$ s*ool4 
,! s*ool t inculcates ^! qualities mu/  
prove a vital =ce 9 ! life ( ! pupil2 & 

! pupil :o w9s ^! qualities is well     
equipp$ = ! "w ( real liv+4 ,^!         
qualities are ! gold5 gateways to       
fre$om1 nor c !re be a full measure (   
fre$om if ei!r ( ^! qualities be lack+4 
,moreov]1 ^! qualities are cumulative 9 
_! relations to "o ano!r4 ,self-reliance
 leads to & eng5d]s self-support1 & bo? 
^! und]lie & condition self-respect4    
,or1 to put ! case conv]sely1 !re _c be 
self-respect 9 ! abs5ce ( self-reliance 
& self-support4  ,self-reliance4--,x    
w\ld n be easy to ov]-magnify ! influ5ce
 ( ! s*ool t is rightly conduct$ 9 ! way
 ( inculcat+ ! quality ( self-reliance &
 9 caus+ x to gr[ into a habit4 ,e      
problem t ! boy solves by 8 own ef=ts1 e
 ob/acle t he surm\nts1 e failure t he  
trans=ms into a success1 & e advance he 
makes t[>ds ma/]y gives him a great]    
degree ( self-reliance1 great] confid5ce
 9 8 p[]s1 & great] c\rage to p]sev]e4  
,x is ! high privilege ( ! tea*] to     
cause a boy to believe 9 himself1 to h  
confid5ce 9 8 ability to w9 ?r\gh4 ,to  

?is end1 %e adds gradually to !         
difficulties ( 8 "w1 always keep+ inside
 ! limits ( disc\ragem5t1 & nev] fails  
to give recognition to successful       
a*ievem5ts4 ,9 ?is way ! boy ga9s       
self-reliance & s plumes himself = /ill 
l(ti] flights4 ,day aft] day he moves   
upw>d & onw>d1 until at l5g? he         
exemplifies ! s5tim5t ( ,virgil1 ,!y c  
because !y ?9k !y c4  ,?is quality 9    
practice4--,! self-reliance t becomes   
+ra9$ 9 a boy's habits ( life w n       
evaporate 9 ! heat ( ! activities &     
competition ( ! aft]-s*ool life4 ,on !  
contr>y1 x w be re5=c$ & cry/alliz$ by !
 opportunities ( bus9ess or pr(essional 
life1 &1 9 calm reliance ^u 8 own p[]s1 
he w welcome competition z an           
opportunity to put himself to ! te/4 ,he
 is no weakl+1 = 9 s*ool he made 8      
indep5d5t way 9 spite ( ! lions 9 8 pa?1
 & s ga9$ fib] & c\rage = ! conte/s (   
daily life4 ,& because he has indu/ry1  
?rift1 p]sev]ance1 & self-reliance !    
gates ( success sw+ wide op5 & he ent]s 

into ! h]itage :i* he himself has won4  
,! /]l+ man4--,8 c>e] (f]s an emphatic  
negation to ! notion t obta9s "h & !re  
to ! effect t education makes a boy weak
 & ineffective1 robb+ him ( ! quality ( 
/]l+ elem5tal manhood1 & fitt+ him only 
= ! dance-hall & inane social functions4
 ,! man :o is rightly tra9$ has res\rces
 t enable him to add dignity & "* to    
social functions 9 t he exhales p[] &   
bigness4 ,p recognize 9 him a real man1 
capable1 al]t1 & pot5tial1 & gladly pay 
him ! sil5t tribute t manhood nev] fails
 to w94 ,he c hold 8 own among ! be/1 & 
only ! be/ appeal to him4               
,self-respect4--,&1 j z he w9s ! respect
 ( o!rs1 s he w9s ! respect ( himself1 &
 s ! triumvirate ( virtues is complete4 
,hav+ a*iev$ self-respect he disda9s !  
*eap1 ! biz>re1 ! gaudy1 & ! sup]ficial4
 ,he kn[s t !re are real values 9 life t
 are wor?y ( 8 p[]s & be/ ef=ts1 & ^!   
real values are ! goal ( 8 endeavors4   
,moreov]1 he has a*iev$ fre$om1 & s is n
 fett]$ by prec$5t1 conv5tion1 or fads4 

,he is free to e/abli% prec$5ts1 to     
violate ! conv5tions :5 a great pr9ciple
 is at /ake1 & to ignore fads4 ,he c /& 
unaba%$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! le>n$ ( ! e>?1 &
 c und]/& ! he>tbeats ( life1 because he
 has _h exp]i5ce bo? ( le>n+ & ( life4  
,& be+ a free man 8 life is full] &     
ri*]1 & he kn[s :5 & h[ to be/[ ! help t
 w give to o!rs a s5se ( fre$om & make  
life = !m a great] boon4   ,,que/ions   
,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4 ,acc\nt = !         
production ( "s ( our greate/ religi\s  
lit]ature 9 prison or 9 exile4 ,give o!r
 in/ances ?an ! "o m5tion$ by ! au?or4  
#b4 ,give y\r idea ( ! au?or's concept (
 ! t]ms bondage & fre$om4  #c4 ,add to !
 in/ances not$ 9 ?is *apt] :]e ignorance
 has produc$ bondage4  #d4 ,def5d !     
ass]tion t ! co/ ( ignorance 9 our      
c\ntry exce$s ! co/ ( education4 ,!     
total am\nt sp5t = public education 9   
#aiae slightly exce$$ #ejj1jjj1jjj4  #e4
 ,h[ d ! typical recitations ( y\r s*ool
 contribute to ! happ9ess ( y\r pupils8 
,be specific4  #f4 ,h[ may lack (       

?or\ghness limit fre$om8 ,illu/rate4    
#g4 ,h[ may education give rise to      
self-reliance8 ,self-respect8  #h4 ,%[ t
 national & religi\s fre$om dep5d ^u    
education4     ,,*apt] ,,xxiii          
,,exam9ations   ,prelude4--,:5 !        
vitaliz$ s*ool has f9ally be5 a*iev$ !re
 w result a radical dep>ture f ! pres5t 
proc$ure 9 ! matt] ( exam9ations4 ,a    
tea*] 9 ! act ( prep>+ a li/ (          
exam9ation que/ions ( ! traditional type
 is n an edify+ spectacle4 ,he has a    
text-book op5 be=e him f :i* he extracts
 nuts = 8 pupils to crack4 ,x is a      
purely me*anical process & only a       
me*anician c\ld possibly debase         
intellig5ce & manhood to su* unwor?y    
uses4 ,7 x n s pa!tic x w\ld excite     
laught]4 ,b ?is tea*] is ! victim (     
tradition4 ,he kn[s no o!r way4 ,he made
 out exam9ation que/ions 9 accordance ) 
?is plan fifte5 ye>s ago & ! heav5s     
didn't fall2 !n :y1 pray1 *ange ! me?od8
 ,besides1 m5 & wom5 :o 7 ?us exam9$ :5 
!y 7 *ildr5 9 s*ool h a*iev$ di/9ction 9

 ! _w's affairs1 & t1 ( itself1 proves !
 validity ( ! me?od1 accord+ to 8 way ( 
?9k+4  ,m5tal atrophy4--,x seems nev] to
 occur to him t *ildr5 h l>ge p[]s (    
resi/ance & t "s ( 8 pupils may h won   
di/9ction 9 spite ( 8 tea*+ & 8 me?ods (
 exam9ation & n because ( !m4 ,8 tr\ble 
is m5tal & spiritual atrophy4 ,he ?9ks &
 feels by rule ( ?umb1 )\t v>iabl5ess or
 %ad[ ( turn+4 ,9 ! matt] ( new me?ods  
he is q immune4 ,he settl$ ?+s to 8     
complete satisfaction ye>s ago1 & :at 0 
good en\gh = 8 fa!r1 9 s*ool me?ods1 is 
q good en\gh = him4 ,8 self-satisfaction
 w\ld approa* sublimity1 7 x n s        
extremely ludicr\s4 ,he has a sup]cili\s
 sne] = innovations4 ,h[ he c br+       
himself to make concessions to mod]nity 
to ! ext5t ( rid+ 9 an automobile is "o 
( ! my/]ies4  ,self-complac5cy4--,8     
complac5cy w\ld excite pr(\nd admiration
 did x n betok5 deadl9e inaction4 ,he   
became becalm$ on ! sea ( life ye>s ago1
 b does n "k x4 ,:5 ! procession ( life 
moves pa/ him he ?9ks he is ! "o :o is 9

 motion1 & takes great unction to       
himself = 8 progressiv5ess--& n a wave (
 tr\ble rolls across 8 peaceful brea/4  
,s he proce$s to copy ano!r "q f !      
text-book1 solemnly writ+ x on a bit (  
pap]1 & lat] copy+ on ! blackbo>d ) su* 
a %[ ( brav]y & gu/o z w\ld indicate t  
"s great tru? _h be5 reveal$ to him     
alone4 ,9 an orotund voice he declaims  
to 8 pupils ! mighty revelations t he   
copi$ f ! book4 ,8 exam9ation regime is 
! old (f] ( a mess ( pottage = a        
bir?right4  ,rememb]+ & kn[+4--,9 our   
s*ool practices we h become s inur$ to !
 "q-&-answ] me?od ( ! recitation t we h 
made ! exam9ation its c\nt]p>t4 ,z      
tea*]s we are con/antly admoni%+ our    
pupils to rememb]1 z if t 7 ! basic     
pr9ciple 9 ! educational process4 ,9    
reality we d n want !m to rememb]--we   
want !m to "k2 & ! di/9ction is         
all-important4 ,! *ild does n rememb]   
:i* is 8 "r h&2 he kn[s4 ,he does n     
rememb] ! face ( 8 "m2 he kn[s h]4 ,he  
does n rememb] :i* is ! sun & :i* is !  

moon2 he kn[s4 ,he does n rememb] sn[1 &
 ra91 & ice1 & mud2 he kn[s4  ,que/ions 
& answ]s4--,b1 none ! less1 we proce$ ^u
 ! agreeable assumption t education is !
 process ( memoriz+1 & s r$uce our      
pupils to ! plane ( p>rots2 = a p>rot   
has a prodigi\s memory4 ,h5ce1 x comes  
to pass t1 9 ! s-call$ prep>ation ( _!  
lessons1 ! pupils con ! words ( ! book1 
aga9 & aga91 & :5 !y c repeat ! words ( 
! book we smile approval & give a p]fect
 grade4 ,x matt]s n at all t !y display 
no intellig5t und]/&+ ( ! subject s long
 z !y c repeat ! /atem5ts ( ! book4 ,x  
nev] seems to occur to ! tea*] t ! pupil
 ( ! ?ird grade might give ! words ( !  
b9omial !orem )\t ! slighte/ appreh5sion
 ( its mean+4 ,we grade = ! repetition (
 words1 n = intellig5ce4  ,c\rt         
proc$ure4--,9 our s*ool practices we    
seem to take our cue f c\rt proc$ure &  
make ea* pupil :o recites feel t he is  
on ! witness /& exp]i5c+ all its        
att5dant discom=ts1 in/ead ( be+ a      
cooep]at+ ag5t 9 an agreeable ent]prise4

 ,we susp5d ! sword ( ,damocles above 8 
head & dem& f him su* answ]s z w fill ! 
measure ( our preconceiv$ notions4 ,he  
may "k m ( ! subject1 9 reality1 ?an !  
tea*]1 b ?is w n avail4 ,9 fact1 ?is may
 militate aga9/ him4 ,%e dem&s to "k :at
 ! book says1 ) small conc]n = 8 own k (
 ! subject4 ,we proclaim l\dly t we mu/ 
enc\rage ! op5 m9d1 & !n by our         
witness-/& ordeal =e/all ! possibility (
 op5-m9d$ness4  ,rational me?ods4--,:5  
we h le>n$ wisdom en\gh1 & humanity     
en\gh1 & p$agogy en\gh to disp5se ) !   
quasi-inquisition type ( recitation1 !  
transition to a m rational me?od (      
exam9ation w be well-nigh automatic4    
,let x n be inf]r$ t to inveigh aga9/ ! 
"q-&-answ] type ( recitation is to      
advocate any abatem5t ( ?or\ghness4 ,on 
! contr>y1 ! ?\ght is to insure great]  
?or\ghness1 & to make evid5t ! pat5t    
tru? t ?or\ghness & agreeabl5ess are n  
incompatible4 ,exp]i5ce ought to tea* u 
t we f9d x no h>d%ip to "w ) supreme    
int5sity at any task t lures u2 &1 9 t  

respect1 we are b gr[n-up *ildr54 ,we h 
only to g5]ate a :ite-heat ( int]e/ 9   
ord] to h our pupils "w ) int5sity4 ,b  
?is sort ( int]e/ does n ?rive "u       
compulsion4  ,analysis & syn!sis4--,!   
"q-&-answ] me?od ev]more implies        
analysis4 ,b *ildr5 are incl9$ to       
syn!sis1 :i* %[s at once t ! analytic   
me?od runs c\nt] to _! natural b5t4 ,!y 
l to make ?+s1 to put ?+s toge!r1 to    
exp]im5t along ! l9es ( syn!sis4 ,h5ce !
 indu/rial arts appeal to !m4 ,b        
con/ruct+ problems satisfies _!         
incl9ation to syn!sis q z well z        
con/ruct+ coat-hang]s or cul9>y         
comp\nds1 if only ! incitem5t is        
rational4 ,! writ]s ( our text-books are
 com+ to recognize ?is fact1 & x does !m
 cr$it4 ,9 "t1 we may hope to h books t 
w take into acc\nt ! *ild's natural     
incl9ations1 & ! s*ools w be !          
b5efici>ies4  ,?9k+4--,9 ! process (    
syn!sis ! pupil is free to draw ^u !    
entire /ock ( 8 accumulat$ res\rces1    
:]eas 9 ! "q-&-answ] me?od he is        

circumscrib$4 ,9 ! "q-&-answ] plan he is
 enc\rag$ to rememb]2 9 ! o!r he is     
enc\rag$ to ?9k4 ,9 our !ories we exalt 
?9k+ to ! highe/ p9nacle1 b 9 our       
practice we repress ?9k+ & exalt memory4
 ,we admoni% our pupils to ?9k1         
sometimes ) a degree ( emphasis t weak5s
 our admonition1 & !n be/[ our laurel   
wrea?s ^u ^? :o ?9k little b rememb]    
mu*4 ,our inconsi/5cy 9 ?is respect w\ld
 be amus+ if ! *ild's int]e/s c\ld be   
ignor$4 ,b see+ t ! *ild pays ! p5alty1 
our inconsi/5cy is inexcusable4         
,p5aliz+4--,! "q-&-answ] regime1 9 its  
full application1 is n :olly unlike a   
punitive exp$ition1 9 t ! tea*] asks !  
"q & sits ) p5cil pois$ 9 air ready to  
blackli/ ! un=tunate pupil ^: memory    
fails him = ! mom5t4 ,! *ild is         
emb>rass$1 if n panic-/rick51 & ! tea*] 
seems m l an av5g+ nemesis ?an a fri5d &
 help]4 ,j :5 he ne$s help he receives  
epi!ts & a condemn+ z]o4 ,he s9ks into  
himself1 disgu/$ & outrag$1 & becomes   
:olly indiff]5t to ! subsequ5t phases ( 

! lesson4 ,he feels t he has be5 trapp$ 
& betray$1 & days are requir$ = 8       
r$emption f disc\ragem5t4  ,traditional 
me?od4--,9 ! s*ool :]e ?is me?od is 9   
vogue ! exam9ation takes on ! color & "*
 ( ! recitation4 ,at ! close ( ! t]m1 or
 seme/]1 ! tea*] makes out ! prov]bial  
t5 que/ions :i* v (t5 reflect h] own    
bias1 or pr$ilections1 & 9 ^! t5        
que/ions are ! issues ( life & dea?4 ,a 
hundr$ que/ions might be ask$ ^u !      
subjects ^u :i* ! pupils are to be te/$1
 b ^! t5 are ! only ones (f]$--) no     
options4 ,!n ! grad+ ( ! pap]s ensues1  
&1 9 ?is ordeal1 ! tea*] ?9ks h]self    
ano!r ,atlas c>ry+ ! _w ^u h] %\ld]s4 ,!
 boy :o receives sixty-sev5 & ! "o :o   
receives tw5ty-sev5 are bo? bani%$ into 
out] d>kness )\t rec\rse4 ,! tea*] may  
"k t ! =m] boy is able to d ! "w ( !    
next grade1 b ! m>ks %e has made on !   
pap] are sacr$ ?+s1 & he has fall5 bel[ 
! requisite sev5ty4 ,h5ce1 he is bani%$ 
to ! limbo ( ! lo/1 = %e is ! supreme   
arbit] ( 8 fate4  ,no all[ance is made =

 n]v\sness1 illness1 or temp]am5tal     
conditions1 b ! same measur+-rod is     
appli$ to all ) no discrim9ation1 & %e  
has ! m>ks on ! pap]s to prove h]       
infallibility4 ,if a pupil %\ld d>e to  
"q ! correctness ( h] grades1 he w\ld be
 puni%$ or p5aliz$ = imp]t95ce4 ,h]     
grades are oracul>1 inviolable1 & !re=e 
n subject to review4 ,%e may h be5 q    
able to grade ! pupils ju/ly )\t any su*
 ordeal1 b ! s*ool has ! exam9ation     
habit1 & all ! sacr$ rites mu/ be       
obs]v$4 ,9 t s*ool !re is b "o way (    
salvation1 & t way is n subject ei!r to 
repeal or am5dm5t4 ,x is via sacra & mu/
 n be pr(an$4 ,"t & long usage h set !  
seal ( _! approval ^u x & woe betide !  
v&al :o w\ld d>e tamp] ) x4  ,te/+ =    
intellig5ce4--,?is emphatic1 albeit     
true1 repres5tation ( ! type (          
exam9ations t /ill obta9s 9 "s s*ools   
has be5 set out ?us 9 "s detail t we may
 h a basis ( comp>ison ) ! o!r type (   
exam9ations t te/s = intellig5ce r ?an =
 memory4 ,= *ildr51 n unlike _! eld]s1  

are glad to h p proce$ ^u ! assumption t
 !y are end[$ ) a modicum ( intellig5ce4
 ,!y w /rive e>ne/ly to meet !          
expectations ( _! p>5ts & tea*]s4 ,_m   
wise mo!rs & tea*]s h incit$ *ildr5 to  
_! be/ ef=ts by giv+ !m to "k t mu* is  
expect$ ( !m4 ,x is always f> bett] to  
expect r ?an to dem&4 ,co]cion may be   
necess>y at times1 b co]cion fr[ns :ile 
expectation smiles4 ,h5ce1 9 e s*ool    
ex]cise ! tea*] does well to conc$e to !
 pupils a reasonable degree (           
intellig5ce & !n let h] expectations be 
comm5surate ) _! intellig5ce4           
,concessions4--,x is an affront to !    
intellig5ce ( a *ild n to conc$e t he   
kn[s t ! days are long] 9 ! summ] ?an 9 
w9t]4 ,we may fully expect su* a degree 
( intellig5ce1 & base our tea*+ ^u ?is  
assumption4 ,9 our exam9ations we pay a 
delicate complim5t to ! *ild by giv+ him
 occasion = ?9k+4 ,we may ask him :y !  
days are long] 9 summ] ?an 9 w9t] & ?us 
give him ! feel+ t we respect 8         
intellig5ce4 ,our exam9ations may always

 assume obs]v$ facts4 ,ev5 if he has    
nev] not$ ! fact t 8 %ad[ is %ort] 9    
summ] ?an 9 w9t]1 if we assume su* k on 
8 "p & ask him :y su* is ! case1 we %all
 /imulate 8 p[]s ( obs]vation along ) 8 
?9k+4 ,if ! tea*] asks a boy :5 & by :om
 ,am]ica 0 discov]$1 he res5ts !        
implication ( crass ignorance2 b if %e  
asks h[ ,columbus came to discov]       
,am]ica 9 #adib1 he feels t x is conc$$ 
t !re are "s ?+s he kn[s4               
,illu/rations4--,if we ask = ! wid? ( ! 
zones1 we are plac+ ! emphasis ^u       
memory2 b1 if we ask !m to acc\nt = !   
wid? ( ! zones1 we are assum+ "s k & are
 te/+ = intellig5t ?9k+4 ,if we ask :y !
 sun rises 9 ! ea/ & sets 9 ! we/ we    
are1 once aga91 assum+ a k ( ! facts &  
te/+ = intellig5ce4 ,if we ask = !      
location ( ! ,suez1 ,kiel1 & ,well&     
canals1 we are te/+ = m]e memory2 b1 if 
we ask :at useful purpose ^! canals     
s]ve1 we are te/+ = intellig5ce4 ,:5 we 
ask pupils to give ! rule = division (  
fractions1 we are te/+ aga9 = m]e       

memory2 b :5 we ask :y we inv]t ! t]ms (
 ! divisor1 we are treat+ our pupils z  
rational be+s4 ,our p$agogical s9s bulk 
l>ge 9 geography :5 we cont9ually ask   
pupils to locate places t h no int]e/ = 
!m4 ,su* tea*+ is a trave/y on p$agogy &
 a s9 aga9/ *ildhood4  ,intellig5ce (   
tea*]4--,if ! tea*] is consult+ h] own  
ease & com=t1 !n %e w conduct !         
exam9ation z a te/ = memory4 ,x requires
 b little "w & less ?9k+ to =mulate a   
set ( exam9ation que/ions on ?is basis4 
,%e has only to turn ! pages ( !        
text-book & make a *eck-m>k "h & !re    
till %e has accumulat$ t5 que/ions1 & ! 
trick is done4 ,b if %e is te/+ =       
intellig5ce1 ! matt] is n s simple4 ,to 
te/ = intellig5ce requires intellig5ce &
 a c>eful ?9k+ ov] ! :ole scope ( !     
subject "u consid]ation4 ,to d ?is      
effectively ! tea*] mu/ keep )9 ! range 
( ! pupil's p[]s & /ill /imulate him to 
8 be/ ef=ts4  ,major & m9or4--,%e mu/   
di/+ui% betwe5 major & m9or1 & ?is is no
 slight task4 ,h] own bias may t5d to   

elevate a m9or into a major rank1 & ?is 
di/urbs ! balance4 ,aga91 %e mu/ see ?+s
 9 _! "r relations & proportions1 & ?is 
requires delib]ate ?9k+4 ,9 ,k+ ,le> %e 
may reg>d ! ,fool z a negligible m9or1 b
 "s pupil may h discov]$ t ,%akespe>e   
int5d$ ?is "* to s]ve a great dramatic  
purpose1 & ! tea*] suff]s humiliation   
be=e h] class4 ,if %e 7 te/+ = memory1  
%e w\ld ask ! class to "n t5 *>act]s ( !
 play & l hackney$ que/ions1 s t h] own 
intellig5ce w\ld n be put to ! te/4     
,accurate s*ol>%ip & broad g5]al        
intellig5ce may be comb9$ 9 ! same p]son
 &1 c]ta9ly1 we are /riv+ to inculcate &
 fo/] ^! qualities 9 our pupils4  ,books
 ( que/ions & answ]s4--,:5 ! exam9ations
 = tea*]s %all become te/s = intellig5ce
 & n = memory1 we may fully expect to   
f9d ! same pr9ciple filt]+ into our     
s*ool practices4 ,x is a sad trave/y ^u 
education t tea*]s1 ev5 9 ?is enlight5$ 
age1 /ill try to prep>e = exam9ations by
 committ+ to memory que/ions & answ]s f 
"s book or educational pap]4 ,b ! fault 

lies n s mu* ) ! tea*]s !mselves z ) ^? 
:o prep>e ! que/ions4 ,! tea*]s h be5 l$
 to believe t to be able to recall      
memoriz$ facts is education4 ,!re are   
^?1 ( c\rse1 :o w comm]cialize ?is      
misconception ( education by publi%+    
books ( que/ions & answ]s4 ,( c\rse weak
 tea*]s w pur*ase ^! books1 ?9k+ !m a   
passport into ! promis$ l&4  ,! re=m mu/
 come at ! s\rce ( ! que/ions t         
con/itute ! exam9ation4 ,:5 exam9]s h   
gr[n broad en\gh 9 _! conception (      
education to con/ruct que/ions t w te/ =
 intellig5ce1 we %all soon be rid ( su* 
an incubus ^u educational progress z a  
book ( que/ions & answ]s4 ,! field is   
wide & allur+4 ,hi/ory1 lit]ature1 !    
sci5ces1 & ! languages are ri* 9 mat]ial
 t c be us$ 9 te/+ = intellig5ce1 & we  
ne$ n resort to petty *it-*at 9 prep>+ =
 exam9ations4  ,! way ( re=m4--,we mu/  
take ?is broad] view ( ! :ole subject ( 
exam9ations be=e we c hope to em]ge f   
our becl\d$ & re/rict$ conceptions (    
education4 ,& x c be done1 z we "k f !  

fact t x is be+ done4 ,"h & !re we f9d  
sup]9t5d5ts1 pr9cipals1 & tea*]s :o are 
%udd]+ away f ! "q-&-answ] me?od bo? 9 !
 recitation & 9 ! exam9ation4 ,!y h     
outgr[n ! swaddl+-clo!s & h ris5 to !   
e/ate ( broad-m9d$1 intellig5t manhood &
 womanhood4 ,!y h enl>g$ _! concept (   
education & h become too g5]\s 9 _!     
impulses to subject ei!r tea*]s or      
pupils to an ordeal t is a drag ^u _!   
m5tal & spiritual fre$om4   ,,que/ions  
,,& ,,ex]cises  #a4 ,:at purposes are   
actually a*iev$ by exam9ations8  #b4    
,:at evils necess>ily accompany         
exam9ations8 ,:at evils usually         
accompany !m8  #c4 ,outl9e a plan by :i*
 ^! purposes may be a*iev$ unaccompani$ 
by ! usual evils4  #d4 ,is memory (     
facts ! be/ te/ ( k8 ,sugge/ o!r te/s by
 :i* ! value ( a pupil's k may be judg$4
  #e4 ,exp]ts sometimes v>y m ?an #gj p]
 c5t 9 grad+ ! same manuscript4 ,! same 
p]son (t5 v>ies #bj p] c5t or m 9 grad+ 
! same manuscript at diff]5t times4 ,an 
exp]im5t ) y\r own grad+ might prove    

int]e/+4  #f4 ,d y & y\r pupils 9 actual
 practice reg>d exam9ations z an end or 
z a means to an end8 ,z corroborat+     
evid5ce or z a f9al pro( ( compet5ce8   
#g4 ,h[ may exam9ations te/ intellig5ce8
  #h4 ,sugge/ me?ods by :i* pupils may  
be l$ to di/+ui% major f m9or & to see  
?+s 9 _! "r relations4  #i4 ,is x m     
desirable to h ! pupils develop ^! p[]s 
or to memorize facts8 ,:y8  #aj4 ,:y are
 "q & answ] publications antagoni/ic to 
mod]n educational practice8 ,:y h>mful  
to /ud5ts8     ,,*apt] ,,xxiv           
,,_w-,,build+   ,an outl9e4--,education 
is ! process ( _w-build+4 ,e man builds 
8 own _w & is conf9$1 ?r\gh\t life1 to !
 _w :i* he himself builds4 ,he _c build 
= ano!r1 nor c ano!r build = him4 ,nei!r
 c !re be an ex*ange ( worlds4 ,moreov]1
 ! process ( build+ cont9ues to ! end ( 
life4 ,9 build+ _! respective worlds all
 m5 h access to ! same mat]ials1 & ! "* 
( ea* man's _w1 !n1 is condition$ by 8  
*oice & use ( ^! mat]ials4 ,if "o man   
elects to build a small _w = himself1 he

 w f9d1 at h&1 an abundant supply (     
petty mat]ials t he is free to use 9 its
 con/ruction4 ,b1 if he elects to build 
a l>ge _w1 ! big ?+s ( life are 8 to    
use4 ,if he *ooses to sp5d 8 life 9 an  
ugly _w1 he w f9d ample mat]ials = 8    
purpose4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he pref]s a        
beautiful _w1 ! mat]ials w n be lack+1 &
 he w h ! joy & inspiration t come f    
sp5d+ a lifetime amid ?+s t are fraught 
) beauty4  ,exemplifications4--,?is     
conception ( education is n a figm5t (  
fancy b a reality ^: v]ification c be   
atte/$ by a ?\s& examples4 ,we h only to
 look ab\t u to see p :o are liv+ among 
?+s t are unbeautiful & :o might be liv+
 9 beautiful worlds _h !y elect$ to d s4
 ,o!rs are sp5d+ _! lives among ?+s t   
are trivial & inconsequ5tial1 app>5tly  
bl9d to ! great & significant ?+s t lie 
all ab\t !m4 ,"s build _! worlds ) !    
m9or mat]ials1 :ile o!rs select !       
majors4 ,"s select ! husks1 :ile o!rs   
*oose ! gra94 ,"s build _! worlds f !   
mat]ials t o!rs disda9 & seem n to      

realize ! inf]iority ( _! worlds z      
comp>$ ) o!rs4 ,_! supreme complac5cy 9 
! mid/ ( ! ugl9ess or pett9ess ( _!     
worlds seems to acc5tuate ! conclusion t
 !y h n be5 able to see1 or else h n be5
 able to use1 ! o!r mat]ials t are      
available4  ,fl[]s4--,to ! man :o w\ld  
live 9 a beautiful _w fl[]s w be a      
necessity4 ,to su* a man life w\ld be   
robb$ ( "s ( its *>m if 8 _w %\ld lack  
fl[]s4 ,b unless he has subjective fl[]s
 he _c h objective ones4 ,he mu/ h a    
s5sory f\ndation t w react to fl[]s or  
!re c be no fl[]s 9 8 _w4 ,!re may be   
fl[]s ^u 8 breakfa/ table1 b unless he  
has a s5sory f\ndation t w react to !m  
!y w be nonexi/5t to him4 ,he c react to
 ! bacon1 eggs1 & potatoes1 b n to !    
fl[]s1 unless he has cultivat$ fl[]s 9 8
 _s be=e com+ to ! table4               
,lily-(-!-valley civilization4--,all !  
fl[]s t gr[ may adorn 8 _w if he s      
elects4 ,he may be cont5t ) d&elions &  
sunfl[]s if he s wills1 or he may rea*  
=? & ga!r ab\t him = 8 delight ! entire 

gamut ( roses f ! ,m>yl& to ! ,am]ican  
,beauty1 ! violet & its college-br$     
desc5dant ! pansy1 ! heliotrope1 !      
gladiolus1 ! c>nation1 ! primrose1 !    
*rysan!mum1 ! sweet pea1 ! a/]1 & !     
or*id4 ,b1 if he c rea* ! high plane ( !
 lily-(-!-valley1 9 all its da9t9ess1   
delicacy1 *a/ity1 & fragrance1 he w h   
a*iev$ di/9ction4 ,:5 society %all h    
atta9$ to ! lily-(-!-valley plane1 life 
w be f9e1 fragrant1 & beautiful4        
,intemp]ance w be no m1 & pr(anity1     
vulg>ity1 & co>s5ess w disappe>4 ,su*   
?+s _c ?rive 9 a lily-(-!-valley _w1 b  
%r9k away f ! pres5ce ( beauty & purity4
  ,music4--,aga91 ! man :o is build+ su*
 a _w w elect to h music z "o ( !       
elem5ts4 ,b "h1 aga91 we f9d t he mu/ h 
a s5sory f\ndation or !re w be no music 
= him4 ,moreov]1 ! nature ( ?is s5sory  
f\ndation w det]m9e ! "* ( ! music to be
 f\nd 9 8 _w4 ,he may be satisfi$ )     
,tipp]>y or he may ye>n = ,h&el1 ,haydn1
 ,moz>t1 ,bee?ov51 ,melba1 &            
,s*umann-,he9k4 ,he may n be able to    

rise above ! plane ( ragtime1 or he may 
atta9 to ! sublime plane ( ,! ,dead ,m>*
 9 ,saul4 ,he has access to all ! music 
f ! discordant h& organ to ! oratorio & 
gr& op]a4 ,9 8 introduction ( a conc]t  
company1 ! *airman said3 ,ladies &      
g5tlem51 ! arti/s :o are to favor u ?is 
ev5+ w r5d] no?+ b high-grade           
selections4 ,if any ( y are incl9$ to be
 critical & to say t _! music is above  
y\r heads1 ,i beg to rem9d y t x w n be 
above ! place :]e y\r heads ought to be4
 ,9 sub/ance he 0 say+ t ! nature ( !   
music dep5d$ n s mu* ^u ! s+]s z ^u !   
s5sory f\ndation ( ! auditors4  ,music &
 life4--,hav+ a s5sory f\ndation capable
 ( react+ to ! be/ music1 ?is man op5s  
wide ! portals ( 8 _w = ! reception ( ! 
or*e/ra1 ! conc]t1 ! op]a1 & ! *oir1 & 8
 _s revels 9 ! concord ( sweet s\nds4   
,?r\gh ! toil ( ! day he anticipates !  
music ( ! ev5+1 & ! next day he goes to 
8 "w buoyant & rejuv5at$ by reason ( !  
musical refre%m5t4 ,he has music 9      
anticipation & music 9 retrospect1 & ?us

 8 _w is regal$ ) h>mony4 ,8 _w _c be a 
dead level or a des]t1 = x is div]sifi$ 
by ! allur+ undulations ( music & made  
f]tile by ! p]5nial f\nta9s ( inspir+   
h>mony1 & 8 _w              %all be     
fill$ ) music   ,& ! c>es t infe/ ! day 
,%all fold _! t5ts l ! ,arabs1   ,& z   
sil5tly /eal away4  ,*ildr54--,aga91 ?is
 man elects to h *ildr5 9 8 _w1 = he has
 come to "k t !re is no sweet] music on 
e>? ?an ! laught] ( a *ild4 ,7 he       
soj\rn+ five hundr$ miles away f ! abode
 ( *ildr5 he w\ld soon be glad to walk !
 entire di/ance t he might aga9 he> !   
prattle1 ! laught]1 or ev5 ! cry+ ( a   
*ild4 ,c[boys on ! pla9s h be5 ?r[n into
 a fr5zy ( delight at ! sight ( a little
 *ild4 ,full well ! man kn[s t1 if he   
w\ld h *ildr5 9 8 _w1 he mu/ f9d ^!     
*ildr5 = himself2 = ?is task may n be   
delegat$4 ,if he w\ld br+ ,paul &       
,flor5ce ,dombey into 8 _w1 he mu/ w9 !m
 to himself by liv+ ) !m ?r\gh\t all !  
pages ( ! book4 ,9 ord] to lure         
,pollyanna into 8 _w to imbue x ) ! _s (

 gladness1 he mu/ e/abli% a community ( 
int]e/s ) h] by imbib+ h] _s z reveal$ 9
 ! book4  ,*>act]izations4--,he may n h 
,little ,joe 9 8 _w unless 8 _s becomes 
attun$ to ! pa?os ( ,bleak ,h\se4 ,& he 
bo? wants & ne$s ,little ,joe4 ,e*o+ &  
ree*o+ ?r\gh 8 s\l ea* day are ! words (
 ! little *ap1 ,he wuz good to me1 he   
wuz1 & act+ vic>i\sly = ! little fell[  
he t\*es ! lives ( o!r un=tunates z !   
h\rs g by & br+s to !m sun%9e & hope &  
c\rage4 ,& he mu/ ne$s h ,t9y ,tim1     
also1 to bani% ! cobwebs f 8 s\l ) 8    
f]v5t ,god bless u e "o4 ,! day _c g f> 
wrong ) ?is simple pray] cl++ 9 8       
memory4 ,x p]meates ! p]plexities ( !   
day1 gives resili5cy to 8 _s1 &         
enc\rages & re5=ces all ! noble impulses
 t come into 8 consci\sness4 ,:]ev] he  
goes & :atev] he is do+ he feels t ,t9y 
,tim is pres5t to be/[ 8 *ildi%         
b5$iction4  ,lessons f *ildhood4--,9    
,laddie he f9ds a :ole family ( *ildr5  
to 8 lik+ & feels t 8 _w is ! bett] = _!
 pres5ce4 ,to ,old ,curiosity ,%op &    

,silas ,m>n] he goes & br+s !nce ,little
 ,nell & ,eppie1 feel+ t 9 _! boon      
companion%ip !y w make 8 _w m attractive
 to himself & o!rs by _! g5tle graces ( 
k9dness & helpfulness4 ,9 8 que/ =      
*ildr5 ( ! "r sort he l+]s long )       
,dick5s1 ! apo/le & b5efactor (         
*ildhood1 b passes by ! color$          
supplem5t4 ,= all ! *ildr5 9 8 _w he    
w\ld h ! approval & bless+ ( ! ,ma/]4   
,he w\ld "k1 :5 he he>s ! words ,except 
ye become z little *ildr51 t ref]5ce is 
made to su* *ildr5 z he has ab\t him4   
,at ! feet ( ^! *ildr5 he sits & le>ns !
 lessons ( s9c]ity1 guilelessness1      
simplicity1 & fai?1 & ?r\gh _! eyes he  
sees life glorifi$4  ,/>s4--,nor mu/ 8  
_w lack />s4 ,he ne$s ^! to draw 8      
?\ghts away f sordid ?+s out into ! f>  
spaces4 ,he w\ld n sp5d a lifetime ?9k+ 
( no?+ beyond ! wea!r1 ! ball-score1 8  
clo!s1 & 8 ailm5ts4 ,he wants to ?9k big
 ?\ghts1 & he w\ld h />s to guide him4  
,he kn[s t a man is z high1 z broad1 & z
 deep z 8 ?\ghts1 & t if he w\ld gr[ big

 9 8 ?9k+ he mu/ h big objects to engage
 8 ?\ghts4 ,he w\ld explore ! inf9ite   
spaces1 commune ) ! planets 9 _! c\rses1
 atta9 ! sublime heights :]e ! ma/]s h  
wr\ght1 & discov]1 if possible1 ! s\rces
 ( p[]1 g5ius1 & inspiration4 ,he w\ld  
f9d delight 9 ! colors ( ! ra9b[1 !     
glory ( ! morn+1 & ! iridesc5ce ( !     
dewdrop4 ,he w\ld tra9 8 ?\ghts to scan 
! spaces beh9d ! cl\ds1 to transc5d !   
sn[-capp$ m\nta91 & to p5etrate ! dep?s 
( ! sea4 ,he w\ld visualize creation1   
evolution1 & ! intricate processes (    
life4 ,s he mu/ h />s 9 8 _w4           
,books4--,9 addition to all ^! he mu/ h 
books 9 8 _w1 & he is cognizant ( ! fact
 t 8 neighbors judge bo? himself & 8 _w 
by ! "* ( ! books he selects4 ,he may   
select ,mrs4 ,wiggs or ,les ,mis]ables4 
,if he elects to h ab\t him books ( !   
cabbage pat* v>iety1 he condemns himself
 to t sort ( read+ = a :ole lifetime4   
,nor is any r$emption possible f su*    
/&>ds save by 8 own ef=ts4 ,nei!r m5 nor
 angels c draw him up to ! plane (      

,victor ,hugo if he elects to abide 9 ! 
cabbage pat*4 ,if he pref]s ,grau/>k to 
,macbe?1 all p1 includ+ 8 de>e/ fri5ds1 
w g on _! way & leave him to 8 *oice4   
,if he says he _c read ,%akespe>e1      
,mass+]1 ,milton1 or ,wordswor?1 he does
 no viol5ce to ! reputation ( ^! writ]s1
 b m]ely def9es & classifies himself4   
,au?ors z companions4--,hav+ le>n$ or   
s5s$ ^! di/9ctions1 he elects to consort
 ) ,burns1 ,keats1 ,%elley1 ,s\!y1      
,hom]1 ,dante1 ,virgil1 ,haw?orne1      
,scott1 ,maupassant1 ,goe!1 ,s*ill]1 &  
,george ,eliot4 ,9 su* society he nev]  
has occasion to expla9 or apologize = 8 
companions4 ,he reads _! books 9 ! op5 &
 ga9s a feel+ ( elation & exaltation4   
,:5 he w\ld see life 9 ! l>ge1 he sits  
be=e ! picture ( ,jean ,valjean4 ,:5 he 
w\ld see integrity & fidelity 9 spite ( 
suff]+1 he sits be=e ! portrait ( ,job4 
,:5 he w\ld see m5 ( h]oic size1 he has 
! *>act]s ( ,hom] file by4 ,if he w\ld  
see ! panorama ( ! emotions ( ! human   
s\l1 he selects ,hugo z 8 guide4 ,if he 

w\ld laugh1 he reads ,tam ,o',%ant]2 if 
he w\ld weep1 he reads ( ! dea? (       
,little ,nell4 ,if he w\ld see real     
h]oism1 he foll[s ,sidney ,c>ton to !   
scaffold1 or ,e/h] into ! pres5ce ( !   
,k+4 ,he goes to ,%elley's ,skyl>k to   
f9d beauty1 ,burns's ,highl& ,m>y to f9d
 t5d]ness1 ,haw?orne's ,sc>let ,lett] to
 f9d trag$y1 & ! ,book ( ,job to f9d    
sublimity4 ,?r\gh 8 books he comes to "k
 ,quasimodo & ,sir ,galahad2 ,becky ,%>p
 & ,p5elope2 ,a>on ,burr & ,eno* ,ard52 
& ,h]odias & ,flor5ce ,night+ale4       
,p4--,b 8 _w w\ld be incomplete )\t p1 &
 "h1 aga91 he is free to *oose4 ,&1 s9ce
 he wants p 9 8 _w :o w be con/ant      
rem9d]s to him ( qualities t he himself 
w\ld cultivate1 he selects ,ru? &       
,jeph?ah's daught] to repres5t fidelity4
 ,:5 temptation assails him he f9ds !m  
ready to lead him back & up to ! plane (
 high resolves4 ,to rem9d him (         
indomitable c\rage & p]sev]ance he      
selects ,william ! ,sil5t1 ,*ri/oph]    
,columbus1 & ,moses4 ,:5 8 c\rage is    

wan+ & he is becom+ flaccid & indol5t1  
_! v pres5ce is a rebuke1 & a survey (  
_! a*ievem5ts re/ores him to himself4 ,z
 examples ( patriotic ?9k+ & action he  
invites into 8 _w ,samuel ,adams1 ,?omas
 ,jeff]son1 & ,alex&] ,hamilton4 ,!y    
rem9d him t he is a product ( ! pa/ & t 
x devolves ^u him to pass on to po/]ity 
)\t spot or blemi% ! h]itage t has come 
to him ?r\gh ! patriotic s]vice &       
sacrifice ( 8 prog5itors4  ,influ5ce (  
p4--,t he may nev] lose sight ( ! fact t
 x is c[>dly & degrad+ to rec$e f high  
ideals he op5s ! doors ( 8 _w = ,milton1
 ,bee?ov51 & ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,_! sup]b 
a*ievem5ts1 consid]$ 9 connection ) _!  
afflictions & h>d%ips1 are a s\rce (    
inspiration to him & keep him up to 8   
be/4 ,z a tok5 ( 8 appreciation ( ^!    
exempl>s he /rives to excel himself1 ?us
 prov+ himself a wor?y disciple4 ,!y ne$
 n *ide him1 = 9 _! pres5ce he _c d     
o!rwise ?an hold fa/ to 8 ideals &      
/ruggle upw>d ) a c\rage born (         
inspiration4 ,liv+ among su* goodly p1  

he f9ds 8 _w respl5d5t ) ! virtues t    
prove a halo to life4 ,) su* p ab\t him 
he c be nei!r lonely nor despond5t4 ,if 
! c>es ( life fret him = ! mom5t1 he    
takes c\nsel ) !m & 8 equilibrium is    
re/or$4 ,9 _! company he f9ds life a    
joy\s exp]i5ce1 = _! v pres5ce exhales !
 qualities t make life wor? :ile4  ,z an
 inevitable result ( all ! influ5ces t  
con/itute 8 _w he f9ds himself ye>n+ =  
meliorism z ! cr[npiece4 ,dr9k+ f ! f\nt
 ( inspiration t gu%es =? at ! behe/ (  
all ^! :olesome influ5ces1 he longs =   
bett]m5t4 ,good z he f9ds ! ?+s ab\t    
him1 he feels t !y are n yet good en\gh4
 ,s he becomes ! eloqu5t apo/le (       
meliorism1 proclaim+ 8 gospel )\t       
abatem5t4 ,! roads are n good en\gh1 &  
he w\ld h bett] ones4 ,our h\ses are n  
good en\gh1 & he w\ld h p design & build
 bett] ones4 ,our music is n good en\gh 
z yet1 & he w\ld enc\rage m5 & wom5 to  
write bett]4 ,our books are n good      
en\gh1 & he w\ld incite p to write bett]
 ones4 ,our conduct ( civic affairs is n

 good en\gh1 & he w\ld /imulate society 
to /rive = civic bett]m5t4 ,our         
municipal gov]nm5t is n good en\gh1 & he
 proclaims ! ne$ to make improvem5t4    
,our national gov]nm5t is n all t x     
might be1 & he w\ld h all p jo9 9 a     
b5evol5t conspiracy to make x bett]4    
,influ5ce ( ! s*ool4--,?us day by day   
?is man cont9ues ! build+ ( a _w =      
himself4 ,& day by day he /rives to make
 8 _w bett]1 n only z an abid+ place =  
himself b also z an example = o!rs4 ,9  
%ort1 ?is man is a product ( ! vitaliz$ 
s*ool1 & is weav+ into ! patt]n ( 8 life
 ! tea*+s ( ! s*ool4 ,9 exub]ance ( _s &
 9 f]v5t gratitude he looks back to !   
s*ool t taught him to "k t education is 
! process ( _w-build+4 ,& to ! s*ool he 
gives ! cr$it = ! l>ge & beautiful _w 9 
:i* he lives4   ,,que/ions ,,&          
,,ex]cises  #a4 ,%[ h[ ! _w t "o builds 
dep5ds ^u "o's own *oos+4  #b4 ,d p seem
 to realize ?is tru? :5 !y d n build _! 
_w z !y might8 ,if pupils fail to       
realize x1 :at c ! tea*] d to help !m8  

#c4 ,suppose a pupil is int]e/$ 9 petty 
?+s2 ! s*ool mu/ utilize 8 int]e/s4 ,h[ 
c ?is be done8 ,h[ c he be l$ to l>g]   
aims8  #d4 ,to :at ext5t does ! ri*ness 
( our lives dep5d on ! way we react to  
/imuli8  #e4 ,expla9 h[ ea* ( !         
influ5ces allud$ to 9 ?is *apt] helps ! 
tea*]4  #f4 ,:y does ! "* ( ! books "o  
reads mo/ s]ve z an index ( "o's own "*8
  #g4 ,:at d y ?9k ( a p]son :o pref]s  
new books8  #h4 ,:at d y ?9k ( "o :o    
pref]s s5sational books8  #i4 ,:y is x  
especially important = a tea*] to be    
?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! great *>act]s (   
hi/ory8  #aj4 ,does acqua9tance ) !     
great 9 hi/ory t5d to produce m]ely a   
good /atic "*1 or does x d m8           
,,*apt] ,,xxv  ,a ,,typical ,,vitaliz$  
,,s*ool   ,! s*ool an expression ( !    
tea*]4--,! vitaliz$ s*ool may be a s*ool
 ( "o room or ( =ty rooms2 x may be 9 ! 
city1 9 ! village1 9 ! hamlet1 or 9 !   
he>t ( ! c\ntry2 x may be a k9d]g>t51 a 
grade s*ool1 a high s*ool1 or a college4
 ,! size or ! location ( ! s*ool does n 

det]m9e its vital quality4 ,?is1 on !   
contr>y1 is det]m9$ by ! "* ( its "w & !
 _s t obta9s4 ,9 g5]al x may be said t !
 vitaliz$ tea*] r5d]s ! s*ool vital4    
,?is places ^u h] a l>ge measure (      
responsibility1 b %e accepts x )        
equanimity1 & rejoices 9 ! opportunity  
to te/ out h] p[]s4 ,x ne$s to be (t    
repeat$ t if ! tea*] is /atic1 ! s*ool w
 be /atic2 b if ! tea*] is dynamic1 !   
s*ool w be dynamic4 ,! tea*] c nei!r    
delegate1 abrogate1 abate1 nor abridge  
h] responsibility4 ,! s*ool is ei!r     
vitaliz$ or x is n1 accord+ to :at !    
tea*] is & does1 & :at ! tea*] does     
dep5ds ^u :at %e is4 ,9 %ort1 ! s*ool is
 an expression ( ! tea*]1 &1 if ! s*ool 
is n vitaliz$1 ! reason is n f> to seek4
  ,a c5traliz$ s*ool4--,= ! purpose (   
illu/ration we may assume t ! typical   
vitaliz$ s*ool is locat$ 9 ! c\ntry1 &  
is :at is kn[n z a c5traliz$ s*ool4 ,!  
gr\nds comprise ab\t t5 acres1 & !      
build+ conta9s1 all told1 n few] ?an    
tw5ty rooms1 l>ge & small4 ,?is build+ 0

 design$ by a /ud5t ( s*ool problems1 & 
is n m]ely a !ory ( ! ar*itect4 ,ea*    
room1 & ea* detail1 articulates ) e o!r 
room 9 h>mony ) a g5]al s*eme ( :i* !   
*ild & 8 int]e/s are ! prime            
consid]ations4 ,! well-be+ ( ! *ild     
takes prec$5ce ov] ! reputation ( !     
ar*itect4 ,e nook ( ! build+ has its    
specific function1 & ?is function has   
vital ref]5ce to ! *ild4 ,! location (  
ea* piece ( furniture c be expla9$ f !  
viewpo9t ( ! *ild1 & ! ar*itectural     
s*eme is consid]$ subsidi>y4 ,! seats   
con=m to ! *ild1 & n ! rev]se4 ,! s*eme 
( light+ conc]ns itself ) ! *ild's      
welf>e r ?an ) ! ext]nal appe>ance4     
,integrity 9 con/ruction &              
decoration4--,! decorations ?r\gh\t !   
build+ are all *a/e & arti/ic4 ,no?+    
bel[ ?is /&>d c w9 admission4 ,no       
picture is admitt$ t does n repres5t    
art4 ,! !ory is t ! s*ool has a reflex  
influ5ce ^u ! homes t attracts !m to its
 /&>ds1 & exp]i5ce reveals ! fact t !   
decorations 9 ! homes are con/antly ris+

 9 arti/ic tone4 ,! /&>ds ( ! s*ool     
become ! /&>ds ( ! pupils1 & ! pupils1 9
 turn1 modify & improve ! /&>ds ( !     
homes4 ,!re is a degree ( simplicity &  
dignity ?r\gh\t ! build+ t bani%es f !  
homes ! ornate & ! biz>re4 ,!re is      
integrity 9 e detail ( con/ruction1 & ! 
abs5ce ( v5e] gives to ! pupils a       
def9ition ( hone/y & s9c]ity4 ,!re is   
no?+ ei!r 9 ! build+ or 9 ! "w ( ! s*ool
 t savors ( ! %[ elem5t4 ,! tea*]s (    
hi/ory & ma!matics _c display ! products
 ( _! tea*+ &1 !re=e1 !re is no display 
( h] products by ! tea*] ( draw+4 ,?is  
s*ool believes 9 education b n 9        
exhibition4 ,words ( comm5dation may be 
disp5s$ 9 ! classrooms1 b !re is no     
exhibit ( any dep>tm5t 9 ! halls4 ,!    
tea*]s are too polite & too consid]ate  
to sanction any su* display4            
,simplicity & s9c]ity4--,! libr>y is    
notable = ! "* ( ! books1 b n = ! numb]4
 ,! tea*]s & pupils are too g5u9e ev] to
 become ?rasonical1 & no tea*] or pupil 
is ev] he>d to boa/ ( any?+ p]ta9+ to ! 

s*ool4 ,!y nei!r boa/ nor apologize1 b  
leave e visitor free to make 8 own      
appraisem5t ( _! s*ool & its belong+s4  
,! tea*]s are too truly cultur$ & !     
pupils are too well tra9$ ev] to exploit
 !mselves1 _! s*ool1 or _! "w4 ,!       
pictures1 ! /atu>y1 ! fitt+s1 & !       
equipm5t are all ( ! be/1 &1 h5ce1 %[ = 
!mselves )\t exploitation4 ,to tea*]s & 
pupils x w\ld seem a m>k ( ill-bre$+ to 
expatiate ^u _! own ?+s4 ,su* a ?+ is   
simply n done 9 ?is s*ool4 ,! auditorium
 is a /ately1 commodi\s1 & beautiful    
room1 & ev]ybody connect$ ) ! s*ool     
accepts x z a matt] ( c\rse ) no boa/ful
 comm5t4 ,any?+ approa*+ braggadocio    
w\ld prove a discordant note 9 ?is      
s*ool1 &1 9 ?is respect1 x repres5ts !  
,am]ican ideal t is to be4  ,rooms are  
phases ( life4--,! home economics room1 
! indu/rial arts room1 ! laboratories1 !
 d9+ room1 ! re/ rooms1 & ! hospital    
room are all suppli$ ) suitable fitt+s &
 equipm5t & all repres5t phases ( life4 
,at lun*eon ea* pupil is s]v$ a b[l (   

s\p or o!r hot di% to supplem5t 8 own   
private lun*1 & ?is food is suppli$ at  
public exp5se4 ,! s*ool au?orities h !  
wisdom to realize t heal? is an asset ( 
! community & is fundam5tal 9 effective 
s*ool "w4 ,! pupils s]ve _! s*oolmates 9
 relays1 wa% ! di%es1 & re/ore !m to _! 
places4 ,! boys d n ?9k !y demean       
!mselves by su* s]vice1 b ent] into x 9 
! true _s ( democracy4 ,a tea*] is      
pres5t to modify & *a/5 ! hurry &       
he$lessness ( *ildhood1 & !re is decorum
 )\t app>5t repression4  ,indu/rial     
"w4--,9 connection ) ! indu/rial arts   
dep>tm5t !re is a repair %op :]e all !  
implem5ts t are us$ 9 c>+ = ! s*ool f>m1
 g>d5s1 or*>ds1 & lawns are kept 9      
repair4 ,"h ! auto trucks 9 :i* ! pupils
 are br\ght to ! s*ool are repair$ by ! 
driv]s1 assi/$ by ! boys4 ,9 ?is %op !  
boys ga9 ! practical k t enables !m to  
keep 9 repair ! tools & ma*9]y1 includ+ 
automobiles1 at _! homes4 ,! f>m]s :o h 
no sons 9 s*ool avail !mselves ( ! skill
 & fidelity t obta9 9 ! %op1 br++ 9 _!  

tools1 _! h>ness1 & _! automobiles =    
ne$$ repairs4 ,! money ?us e>n$ is      
exp5d$ = s*ool equipm5t4 ,! products ( !
 or*>ds1 f>m1 & g>d5 are ! prop]ty ( !  
s*ool & are all pres]v$ = use 9 ! home  
economics dep>tm5t = s*ool lun*es4 ,!   
man 9 *>ge ( ! f>m is employ$ by ! ye> &
 is a memb] ( ! tea*+ /aff4 ,! f>m1     
g>d5s1 or*>d1 & lawn are integral p>ts (
 ! s*ool1 & p]=m ! functions (          
laboratories4  ,s*ool a life            
ent]prise4--,!re are all grades 9 !     
s*ool1 f ! k9d]g>t5 ?r\gh ! high s*ool4 
,!re is b slight disp>ity 9 ! size ( !  
classes1 = ! p>5ts in/9ctively set ap>t 
?irte5 ye>s ( ! "t ( _! *ildr5 = life 9 
! s*ool4 ,to ^! p>5ts s*ool & life are  
synonym\s1 & :5 a *ild ent]s ! k9d]g>t5 
he enli/s 9 ! ent]prise = a t]m ( ?irte5
 ye>s4 ,! homes z well z ! s*ool are    
arrang$ on ?is basis1 & ?is plan (      
proc$ure is +ra9$ 9 ! social            
consci\sness4 ,des]t+ ! s*ool is no m   
?\ght ( ?an any o!r =m ( suicide4 ,if1  
by any *ance1 a boy %\ld des]t ! s*ool1 

he w\ld be a p>iah 9 t community & c\ld 
n live among ! p 9 any degree ( com=t4  
,he w\ld be made to feel t he _h debas$ 
himself & ca/ asp]sion ^u society4 ,!   
looks t ! p w\ld be/[ ^u him w\ld /+ m  
?an flagellation4 ,he w\ld be made to   
feel t he _h expatriat$ himself1 & nei!r
 himself nor 8 p>5ts w\ld be 9 good /&+ 
9 ! community4 ,!y w\ld be made to feel 
t _! conduct 0 no?+ %ort ( sacrilege4   
,public s5tim5t4--,9 view ( ! s*ool     
s5tim5t t obta9s 9 ! community ! eigh?  
grade is practically z popul\s z ! fir/ 
grade4 ,att5dance ^u s*ool "w is a habit
 ( ?9k+ bo? ) ! *ildr5 & ) _! p>5ts1 &  
s*ool is tak5 = grant$ ! same z eat+ &  
sleep+4 ,if a boy %\ld1 = any cause1    
fail to graduate f ! high s*ool1 e      
patron ( ! s*ool w\ld reg>d x z a       
p]sonal calamity4 ,!y w\ld feel t he _h1
 someh[1 be5 dropp$ (f ! tra9 be=e he   
rea*$ 8 de/9ation1 & ! :ole community   
w\ld be incl9$ to we> badges ( m\rn+4 ,e
 p>5t is vitally int]e/$ 9 ea* *ild ( ! 
community1 :e!r he has *ildr5 9 s*ool or

 n1 & ?us s*ool taxes are paid ) pride &
 elation4 ,! s*ool is reg>d$ z a safe   
inve/m5t t pays l>ge divid5ds4 ,patrons 
rally to ! calls ( ! s*ool ) r>e        
unanimity & he>t9ess4 ,diff]5ces 9      
politics & religion evaporate 9 _!      
s*ool1 = ! s*ool is ! high plane ^u :i* 
!y meet 9 frat]nal concord4  ,! c\rse ( 
/udy4--,! c\rse ( /udy is flexible1 &   
because ( its resili5cy x adapts itself 
easily & gracefully to ! native         
dispositions & ! aptitudes ( ! v>i\s    
pupils4 ,if ! boy has a p5*ant =        
agriculture1 provision is made = him1   
bo? 9 ! !ory & 9 ! practical            
applications ( ! subject4 ,if he incl9es
 to sci5ce1 ! laboratories accord him a 
graci\s welcome4 ,! /udies are adapt$ to
 ! boy & n ! boy to ! /udies4 ,no boy   
ne$ discont9ue s*ool to f9d on ! outside
 some?+ t is cong5ial1 =1 )9 ! s*ool1 he
 may f9d "w t repres5ts life 9 all its  
phases4 ,if he ye>ns = horticulture1 !n 
?is /udy is made 8 major &1 all 9 good  
"t1 he is made =eman ( ! gr\p :o c>e = !

 g>d5s4 ,if ! c\rse ( /udy lacks !      
elem5t :i* he craves & = :i* he has a   
natural aptitude1 ?is bran* is add$ to !
 c\rse4 ,! economy ( life dem&s !       
cons]vation ( *ildhood & y\? & ! s*ool  
deems x ! "p ( wisdom z well z civic &  
social economy to provide special       
in/ruction = ?is boy1 z 0 done 9 ! case 
( ,hel5 ,kell]4 ,?is s*ool1 9 !ory & 9  
practice1 is firm 9 its opposition to   
wa/+ boys & girls4 ,h5ce1 ample         
provision is made = ! *ild ( unusual    
incl9ations4  ,electives4--,! pupils d n
 elect a /udy because x is easy1 b      
because _! incl9ations run 9 t          
direction4 ,inde$1 !re are no easy      
c\rses1 no snap c\rses 9 ! s*ool4       
,dilig5t1 c>eful1 ?or\gh "w is ! rule1 &
 !re c be f\nd no semblance ( approval =
 loaf+ or dawdl+4 ,! s*ool /&s =        
purposes t are cle> 9 def9ition & = "w t
 is int5se4 ,!re are no prizes (f]$ =   
excell5t "w1 b ! approbation ( p>5ts1   
tea*]s1 & s*oolmates1 9 ! e/imation ( ! 
pupils1 f> transc5ds any mat]ial or     

symbolic prizes t c\ld be (f]$4 ,9 s*ool
 "w & 9 conduct ! pupils all /rive to w9
 ?is approval4 ,!re is no co>s5ess nor  
boori%ness1 = t w\ld =feit ?is approval4
 ,! cig>ette is "u ban1 = public s5tim5t
 is aga9/ x2 &1 aft] all1 public s5tim5t
 is ! f9al arbit] ( conduct4 ,h5ce1 no  
boy w demean himself by fly+ 9 ! face ( 
public s5tim5t ?r\gh indulg+ 9 any      
practice t ?is s5tim5t proclaims unclean
 or en]vat+4  ,! s*ool ! focus (        
community life4--,?is s*ool is ! focus (
 ! community4 ,hi!r come ! patrons =    
music1 = lectures1 = art1 = books &     
magaz9es1 = social /imulus1 &1 9 %ort1 =
 all ! elem5ts ( _! avocational life4   
,inde$1 9 educational matt]s1 !         
community is a big :olesome family & !  
s*ool is ! %r9e ab\t :i* !y assemble =  
educational & cultural communion4 ,x is 
q a common practice = mo!rs to sit 9 !  
classrooms engag$ 9 knitt+ or sew+ :ile 
_! *ildr5 are busy ) _! lessons4 ,=1 9  
_! conception ( life1 geography & sew+  
are coo]d9ate elem5ts1 & s bl5d 9 p]fect

 h>mony 9 ! s*ool regime4 ,at ! lun*eon 
p]iod ^! mo!rs g to ! d9+ room ) _!     
*ildr5 9 ! same _s ( cooep]ation t gives
 di/9ction to ! s*ool & to ! community4 
,!re is an int]fl[ ( int]e/s betwe5 !   
s*ool & ! homes t makes = unity (       
purpose & practice4 ,!re is fre$om 9 !  
s*ool b n lic5se4 ,p move ab\t 9 a      
natural way b ) delicate consid]ation = 
! rights & s5tim5ts ( o!rs4 ,! atmosph]e
 ( ! s*ool int]dicts rud5ess4 ,!re is a 
quiet dignity1 s]5ity1 & int5sity1 ) no 
abatem5t ( fre$om4 ,9 ?is s*ool x is n  
good =m = a boy to be less ?an a        
g5tleman or = a girl to be less ?an a   
lady4  ,! tea*]s4--,! atmosph]e 9 :i* ! 
pupils live is1 ma9ly1 an exhalation f !
 _s ( ! tea*]s4 ,!y live & "w toge!r 9 a
 delightful _s ( concord & cooep]ation4 
,!y are magnanim\s & w\ld refuse to be a
 "p ( any life t w\ld decl9e f ?is high 
plane4 ,9 ?is corps !re are no hy/]ics1 
no h]oics1 no /ra91 no /ress4 ,!y are1  
fir/ ( all1 successful human be+s2 & _! 
exp]t tea*+ is an expression ( _! human 

qualities4 ,_! tea*+ is borne along on !
 tones ( conv]sation4 ,!y "k t          
well-modulat$ tones ( voice contribute  
to ! culture & well-be+ ( ! s*ool4 ,%\ld
 a tea*] ev] indulge 9 scree*+1 nagg+1  
hector+1 badg]+1 or s>casm1 %e w\ld f9d 
h]self o/raciz$4 ,su* ?+s are simply n  
done 9 ?is s*ool4 ,h5ce1 %e w\ld soon   
realize t ?is s*ool is no place = h] &  
w\ld volunt>ily resign4 ,! s*ool is     
simply above & beyond h] k9d4  ,unity ( 
purpose4--,among ! tea*]s !re are no    
jeal\sies1 because ea* "o is /riv+ to   
exalt ! o!rs4 ,!y are s g5]\s 9 _!      
impulses1 & h su* exalt$ conceptions (  
life1 t !y incl9e to catalogue _!       
colleagues among ! v elect4 ,! tea*] 9 !
 high s*ool & ! tea*] 9 ! prim>y grade  
hold frequ5t conv]sations conc]n+ ea*   
o!r's "w1 & no tea*] ev] loses int]e/ 9 
! pupils :5 !y advance to ! next grade4 
,to su* tea*]s1 education is n p>cel$   
out 9 t]ms ( ye>s b is a cont9u\s       
process1 ev5 z life itself4 ,!y use !   
text-book m]ely z a conv5i5ce1 b nev] z 

a necessity4 ,if all ! text-books 9 !   
s*ool %\ld be de/roy$ ov]night1 ! "w    
w\ld proce$ z usual ! next day1 b>r+ m]e
 inconv5i5ce4 ,!y respect !mselves &    
o!rs too highly ev] to assume a         
patroniz+ air t[>d _! pupils4 ,on !     
contr>y1 !y treat !m z coo]d9ates &     
conf$]ates 9 ! noble & exhil>at+ game ( 
life4  ,! vitaliz$ s*ool4--,!y h due    
reg>d to _! p]sonal appe>ance1 b1 once  
!y h decid$ = ! day1 !y dismiss ! matt] 
f _! ?9k+ & devote _! att5tion to major 
consid]ations4 ,nei!r 9 dress1 9 mann]1 
nor 9 conv]sation d !y ev] br+ into !   
s*ool a discordant note4 ,s*ool h\rs are
 n a deta*$ portion ( life b1 r1 an     
integral "p ( life1 & to !m life is q z 
agreeable dur+ ^! h\rs z be=e & aft]4   
,su* z !y _c d o!rwise ?an r5d] ! s*ool 
vital4 ,& :5 su* tea*]s & patrons z ^!  
jo9 9 su* a b5evol5t conspiracy1 !n %all
 we realize n only a typical s*ool b !  
vitaliz$ s*ool4   ,,que/ions ,,&        
,,ex]cises  #a4 ,^u :at does !          
vitalization ( a s*ool ma9ly dep5d8 ,^u 

:at else does x dep5d 9 "p8  #b4 ,:at   
sugge/ion is made 9 ?is *apt] 9 reg>d to
 ! plann+ ( s*ool build+s8  #c4 ,:y %\ld
 c>e be tak5 9 *oos+ ! decorations ( a  
s*ool8  #d4 ,:y is x unwise = tea*] or  
pupils to boa/ ( ! a*ievem5ts ( ! s*ool8
  #e4 ,:y has ! "q ( s*ool lun*es ga9$ s
 mu* prom95ce rec5tly8  #f4 ,h[ %\ld !  
indu/rial "w 9 a s*ool be l9k$ ) t 9 !  
community8  #g4 ,:y are !re few] /ud5ts 
9 ! high] ?an 9 ! l[] grades ( mo/      
s*ools8 ,make a c>eful analysis ( !     
situation 9 ?is respect 9 y\r s*ool4    
#h4 ,:y is x a calamity to a community =
 a boy to fail to graduate f ! high     
s*ool8  #i4 ,:at may be done to prev5t a
 *ild go+ outside ! s*ool to f9d some?+ 
cong5ial8  #aj4 ,:at %\ld be a /ud5t's  
motive 9 *oos+ a c\rse8  #aa4 ,h[ d y   
make y\r s*ool a c5t] = community life8 
,h[ c y make x m ( a c5t] ?an x is8     
#ab4 ,h[ is ! _s ( jeal\sy among tea*]s 
injuri\s to our s*ool sy/em8 ,:at       
usually makes "o tea*] disp>age ! "w (  
ano!r8  #ac4 ,:at is ess5tial 9 vitaliz+

 a s*ool8     ,,index   ,absorb+ /&>ds1 
#afj4  ,acquisitiv5ess1 #eb4            
,advantages ( socializ$ recitation1     
#agh4  ,agriculture2 a typical /udy1    
#aib2   its rapid developm5t1 #aic2     
relation to geology1 #aid2   ! s\rce (  
life1 #bjb4  ,altruism1 #abd4           
,ambition1 #bbf4  ,am]ican re/aurants1  
#hf4  ,am]ican /ory1 #bca4  ,analysis & 
syn!sis1 #bic4  ,an>*y1 #gc4  ,ance/or1 
*ild z a future1 #cd4  ,ance/ors1       
attitude (1 #ca4  ,answ]s1 repetition (1
 #aci4  ,antec$5t causes1 #bfa4  ,art1  
#aig1 #bfh2   tea*+ z an1 #adc4         
,aspiration1 #bbd2   & wor%ip1 #adi4    
,aspirations1 #ei4  ,attitude ( tea*]1  
#aa1 #bgb4  ,attitude t[>ds "w1 #adh4   
,au?ors1 #caa4  ,automobile1 #aje2      
factory1 #dg4   ,beauty1 desire =       
pa/oral1 #eh4  ,behavior1 amplifi$1     
#bfe2   9 hi/ory1 #bfg2   9 retrospect1 
#bei2   scope (1 #bef4  ,bett]m5t1 #bdd4
  ,body subject to ! m9d1 #abj4  ,books1
 #caa2   z expon5ts ( life1 #ad2   (    
que/ions & answ]s1 #cjj2   ( life1 #bbh2

   supreme1 #beb4  ,botany1 importance  
(1 #aie4  ,boy1 /ory ( a1 #bcf4  ,bread1
 #bjj4   ,c5traliz$ s*ool1 #cah4        
,*>act]izations1 #cjh4  ,*ild2 z a      
future ance/or1 #cd2   z a :ole1 #bej2  
z ! objective1 #bjj2   & tea*]1 que/ (1 
#ajd2   z ! c5t] 9 s*ool proc$ure1 #ah2 
imag9ation (1 #bf2   supreme1 #beb2   "r
 to express himself1 #be2   play in/9ct 
(1 #bd2   relation ( to s*ool "w1 #bg2  
life1 #ba2   rights (1 #bj4  ,*ild's2   
conception ( tru?1 #aji2   conception1  
#ajc2   ne$ ( ideals1 #afi2   viewpo9t (
 tea*]1 #afh2   exp]i5ces1 #bg2   native
 t5d5cies1 #bd2   "r to ! be/1 #bc2     
native int]e/s1 #bee2   imag9ation1     
#bcf4  ,*ildhood curtail$1 #bb4         
,*ildr51 #cjg2   p>5tal attitude t[>ds1 
#ai2   common int]e/s1 #baf2   %\ld h   
s*ool privileges1 #ai2   real int]e/s1  
#bag2   vs4 /ati/ics1 #bdg4  ,cig>ettes1
 #aag4  ,circus day1 #aah4              
,civilization1 #cje4  ,clean liv+1 #cg4 
,college influ5ces1 #aa4  ,columbus1    
voyage (1 #aeb4  ,comm]ce1 #ee4  ,common

 f commonplace1 #aea4  ,comp>ison ( life
 & liv+1 #a4  ,comp>ison ( two tea*]s1  
#abi4  ,complac5cy ( tea*]1 #ace4       
,complete liv+ def9$1 #aab4  ,complexity
 ( life1 #d4  ,concepts re/rict$1 #bfb1 
#bgi4  ,concessions1 #big4  ,conclusion1
 #bgb4  ,conduct ( tea*]1 #aga4         
,conflict1 #fe4  ,cons]vation1 #bde4    
,contra/$ me?ods1 #dd4  ,contra/s1 #bgh4
  ,cooep]ation1 #ge4  ,c\rse ( /udy1    
#cbd4  ,c\rt proc$ure1 #bia4            
,curtailm5t ( *ildhood1 #bb4            
,def9ition2 ( complete liv+1 #aab2   (  
poetry1 #bbb2   ( politician1 #dj2   (  
socializ$ recitation1 #agf2   ( tea*+1  
#b4  ,degrees & human qualities1 #bdh4  
,democracy2 =eign concept (1 #ff2   !   
vitaliz$ s*ool a1 #fi4  ,democratic _s1 
manife/ations (1 #ga4  ,democratic      
tea*]1 #ge4  ,desire is fundam5tal1 #fj4
  ,desires = ?+s intangible1 #ec4       
,dome/ic sci5ce1 #aii4  ,dynamic        
qualities1 #adf4   ,economic            
articulation1 #ei4  ,education1 #aja1   
#cjc2   & sub/itution1 #dc2   by        

absorption1 #afj2   s*ools (1 #bdf2     
unconsci\sly ga9$1 #afd4  ,effici5cy1   
#hj4  ,electives1 #cbe4  ,engli%1 tea*] 
(1 #bci4  ,en?usiasm1 elem5t (1 #aej4   
,environm5t1 #bei4  ,etymology1 #ajf4   
,exam9ations1 #bhh2   traditional me?od1
 #bid2   te/+ = intellig5ce1 #bif2   way
 ( re=m1 #cja4  ,exp]tness1 appraisal ( 
tea*+1 #aca4   ,fai?1 #bjc1 #bbg4       
,filtration plant & a vitaliz$ s*ool1   
#bjf4  ,fl[]s1 #cjd4  ,food & life1     
#bja4  ,=eign concept ( democracy1 #ff4 
,=malities1 mean+less1 #abh4  ,fre$om1  
#abj1 #bge2   elem5ts (1 #bhc2   real1  
#bhj4  ,function ( ! s*ool1 #gj1 #baj4  
,gang elem5t1 #agi4  ,g5]ations1 rights 
( ! com+1 #cj4  ,girl & h] eld]s1 #bcg4 
,gramm>1 #bab4  ,great ,/one ,face1     
#afb4   ,habit1 p]si/5cy (1 #ib4        
,hi/ory1 #gi1 #bed1 #bgj1 #bgh2         
behavior 91 #bfg2   mean+ (1 #ad4  ,home
 & ! s*ool1 #bee4  ,hospitals cit$1 #cb4
  ,h\se ( ,p>liam5t1 #ee4  ,human       
int]e/1 #aee4  ,human qualities1 degrees
 (1 #bdh4  ,humor1 #bcb2   betok5s deep 

feel+1 #bci2   defies explanation1 #bdb2
   lack (1 #bce2   ( ,l9coln1 #bch4     
,ideal2 ( ! s*ool1 #bae2   role (1 #aff4
  ,ideali/1 #di4  ,ideals1 a p]petual   
influ5ce1 #afi4  ,imag9ation ( *ildr51  
#bf1 #bcf4  ,imitation1 politician wor?y
 (1 #dc4  ,incomplete liv+1 #aac4       
,individual1 responsibility ( !1 #fi4   
,indu/rial "w1 #cba4  ,influ5ce2 ( p1   
#cac2   ( ! s*ool1 #cae2   ^u pupils1   
#ahe4  ,influ5ces ( college1 #aa4       
,initial /atem5t1 #ajj4  ,innate        
t5d5cies1 #fa4  ,intellig5ce ( tea*]1   
#bih4  ,int5sity1 life measur$ by1 #b4  
,int]e/ 9 practice1 #ahj4  ,int]e/1 life
 ! great human1 #bdi4   ,joy 9 "w (     
arti/ tea*]1 #ade4   ,language1 #baa2   
a social /udy1 #baa2   & vitality1 #ae4 
,lead]%ip1 #db1 #bfa4  ,le>n+ democracy1
 #bfh4  ,lesson a prophecy1 #bfc4       
,lessons f *ildhood1 #cji4  ,life2 &    
liv+ comp>$1 #a2   & music1 #cjg2   &   
read+1 #ab2   z subject matt] 9 tea*+1  
#f2   books z expon5ts (1 #ad2   book (1
 #bbh2   complexity (1 #d2   e subject  

inve/$ )1 #aee2   h[ ! poet le>ns1 #bbc2
   9 lit]ature1 #f2   quality (1 #bai2  
manife/ations (1 #e2   measur$ by       
int5sity1 #b2   sea z1 #ajd2   tea*]s'  
influx (1 #bbh2   ! great human int]e/1 
#bdi2   transfusion (1 #bbd4  ,life &   
food1 #bja4  ,l9coln's humor1 #bch4     
,lit]ature2 life 91 #f2   p$agogy 91    
#afc4  ,long division ramifi$1 #bfd4    
,ma*9e tea*]1 #bdf4  ,ma*9]y1 #bfh4     
,major & m9or1 #bii4  ,man1 #bhe4       
,manife/ations ( life1 #e4  ,m>k ,twa9 z
 a philosoph]1 #bdj4  ,ma!matics        
vitaliz$1 #aj4  ,me&]+s1 #aci4  ,melt+  
pot1 #fg4  ,m5tal atrophy1 #bhi4        
,me?ods1 #bib2   contra/$1 #dd2   pot5cy
 ( "r1 #acb2   ( ! politician1 #da4     
,mi*ael ,angelo1 #ajh4  ,milit>y tra9+1 
#aah4  ,m9or & major1 #bii4             
,misconceptions1 #ce1 #ff4  ,misfits1   
#baf4  ,mi/akes1 #bad4  ,monum5ts1 #eh4 
,mulb]ry ,b5d1 #hc4  ,music1 #cjf2   &  
life1 #cjg4   ,native l&1 #bbf4  ,ne$s (
 society1 #bab4   ,outlook1 #bfd4       
,own]%ip1 pot5cy (1 #aha4   ,p>5tal     

attitude t[>ds *ildr51 #ai4  ,p>liam5t1 
,h\se (1 #ee4  ,patriot1 a typical1 #hb4
  ,patriotism2 a det]m9+ motive1 #gh2   
z a work+ pr9ciple1 #gg2   conclusions1 
#hi2   9 daily life1 #he2   ?rift z1    
#hg4  ,p$agogy 9 lit]ature1 #afc4       
,p5aliz+1 #bid4  ,p1 #cab2   influ5ce (1
 #cac4  ,p]sev]ance1 #bbe4  ,p]sonal    
effici5cy1 #aae4  ,physical tra9+1 #aaf4
  ,physics & ,*emi/ry1 #aif4            
,physiology1 #aif4  ,poetry1 #bga2      
def9$1 #bbb4  ,poet le>ns life h[1 #bbc4
  ,politician def9$1 #dj2   me?ods (1   
#da2   wor?y ( imitation1 #dc4          
,possibilities1 #acd4  ,pot5cy ( "r     
me?ods1 #acb4  ,p[] ( und]/&+1 #ac4     
,problem ( ! tea*]1 #ih4  ,propriet>y   
int]e/s1 #ahj4  ,public s5tim5t1 #cbc4  
,pupil tea*]1 #agg4   ,"q /at$1 #abg4   
,que/ions & answ]s1 #bij2   books (1    
#cjj4   ,rational me?ods1 #bib4  ,read+ 
& life1 #ab4  ,recitation1 example (    
socializ$1 #ahg4  ,reflex influ5ce1     
#ahd4  ,rememb]+ & kn[+1 #bij4  ,repeat+
 answ]s1 #aci4  ,res\rcefulness1 #aec4  

,responsibility ( ! s*ool1 #cf4         
,re/rict$ concepts1 #bfb4  ,resultants1 
#ahc4  ,rights ( ! *ild1 #bj4  ,rome1   
#bgf4  ,rooms1 #cbj4   ,sanitation1 #hb4
  ,s*ol>'s concept ( ! sea1 #ajb4       
,s*ool2 & society1 #df2   & ! home1     
#bee2   an expression ( ! tea*]1 #cag2  
& factory comp>$1 #acj2   a life        
ent]prise1 #cbb2   function ( !1 #gj2   
function (1 #baj2   ideal ( !1 #bae2    
influ5ce (1 #cae4  ,s*oolh\se1 #cai2   !
 community c5t]1 #cbf4  ,s*ools2 (      
education1 #bdf2   responsibility (1    
#cf2   "w ( !1 #aaj4  ,sci5ces1 relation
 (1 to life1 #aih4  ,sea2 z life1 #ajd2 
s*ol>'s concept (1 #ajb4                
,self-complac5cy1 #bhi4  ,self-int]e/1  
#da4  ,self-reliance1 #bhd4             
,self-respect1 #bhf4  ,%akespe>e1 #bfi4 
,simplicity & s9c]ity1 #cbj4  ,snobb]y1 
#gc4  ,social int]c\rse1 #ef4  ,social  
/udy1 language a1 #baa4  ,socializ$     
recitation2 def9ition (1 #agf2   sample 
(1 #ahg2   exemplifi$ 9 society1 #ahb4  
,society2 & ! s*ool1 #df2   ne$s (1     

#bab4  ,s\nd body1 #aad4  ,spell+1 #bha2
   z patriotism1 #gg4  ,_s1 ?+s ( !1    
#abc4  ,spiritual fre$om1 #bge4  ,/>s1  
#caj4  ,/ati/ics vs4 *ildr51 #bdg4      
,/ories1 #bcc4  ,/ory ( a boy1 #bcf4    
,/reet signs1 #aba4  ,sub/itutions1     
results (1 #dh4  ,swit*bo>d1 #bhb4      
,syn!sis & analysis1 #bic4  ,syn!tic    
tea*+1 #bjc4   ,tea*]1 #afe2   & *ild1  
#ajd2   z a ma*9e1 #bdf2   z environm5t1
 #afb2   attitude t[>ds *ildr51 #bed2   
conduct (1 #aga2   *>act]i/ic qualities 
(1 #add2   intellig5ce (1 #bih2   gr[?  
(1 #agb2   h] supremacy1 #aff2   (      
,engli%1 #bci2   responsibility (1 #aei2
   rule ( life1 #aga2   see+ life l>ge1 
#agb2   s*ool an expression (1 #cag2    
skill ( !1 #bef2   /atus irrevocable1   
#afh2   volubility1 #acf4  ,tea*]s1     
#cbg2   attitude1 #aa1 #agj2            
complac5cy1 #ace2   contra/$1 #i2   fir/
 type1 #bea2   influx ( life1 #bbh2     
problem1 #hi2   prov9ce1 #g2   o!r self1
 #afg2   ?ree types (1 #bej4  ,tea*+1   
#bbi2   z a f9e art1 #adc2   def9$1 #b2 

te/ (1 #acg2   life z subject matt] 91  
#f2   p[]1 #bdh4  ,temp]ance1 #ha4      
,te/s ( tea*+1 #acg4  ,?+s ( ! _s1 #abc4
  ,?9k+1 #bic4  ,?irte5 colonies1 #aed4 
,?ree types ( tea*]s1 #bej4  ,?rift z   
patriotism1 #hg4  ,"t elem5t1 basic     
consid]ations1 #abi4  ,"t1 wa/e (1 #acc4
  ,tom ,sawy]1 #ia4  ,tra9$ m9ds1 #abb2 
a*ievem5ts (1 #abc4  ,transfusion (     
life1 #bbd4  ,travel in/9ct1 #eg4       
,tru?1 *ild's conception (1 #aji4  ,twa9
 /ory1 #bda4  ,two tea*]s comp>$1 #abi4 
,typical patriot1 #hb4   ,und]/&+1 p[]  
(1 #ac4  ,unity ( purpose1 #cbh4        
,v>iety 9 excell5ce1 #fc4  ,vitaliz$    
ma!matics1 #aj4  ,vitaliz$ ,s*ool1 #cbi2
   a democracy1 #fi2   an               
exemplification ( complete liv+1 #aac2  
filtration plant1 #bjf4  ,voluble tea*]1
 #acf4   ,wa/e ( "t1 #acc4  ,weaknesses 
transmitt$1 #cj4  ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 #ed4 
,^w automobile1 #aje4  ,^w 9 use1 #ajg4 
,"w2 a bless+1 #if2   z a privilege1    
#ib2   & enjoym5t1 #ig2   ( ! s*ool1    
#aaj2   pot5cy ( m5tal1 #ie2            

misconceptions (1 #ic4  ,_w-build+1     
#cjc4     ,! foll[+ pages conta9        
adv]tisem5ts ( ,macmillan books on k9dr$
 subjects4     ,,mod]n ,,p$agogy        
,alex&]   ,! ,prussian ,elem5t>y ,s*ool 
,sy/em                          #b4ej   
,bagley   ,classroom ,managem5t4 ,its   
,pr9ciples & ,te*nique                  
#a4be   ,craftsman%ip 9 ,tea*+          
#a4aj   ,educational ,values            
#a4aj   ,educative ,process1 ,!         
#a4be   ,s*ool ,discipl9e               
#a4be  ,bigel[   ,sex ,education        
#a4be  ,brew]   ,! ,vocational ,guidance
 ,movem5t                               
#a4be  ,brick]   ,tea*+ ( ,agriculture 9
 ! ,high ,s*ool                         
#a4jj  ,br[n   ,am]ican ,high ,s*ool    
#a4dj  ,*ubb   ,! ,tea*+ ( ,engli% 9    
,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,s*ools     #a4jj 
,cloyd   ,mod]n ,education 9 ,europe & !
 ,ori5t                       #a4dj     
,cubb]ley   ,/ate & ,c\nty ,educational 
,reorganization                         
#a4be  ,cubb]ley & ,elliott   ,/ate &   

,c\nty ,s*ool ,adm9i/ration             
#b4ej  ,curtis   ,education ,?r\gh ,play
 7,educational ,edition7                
#a4be   ,practical ,conduct ( ,play     
7,educational ,edition7                 
#a4ej   ,! ,play ,movem5t & ,its        
,significance                           
#a4ej  ,de ,g>mo   ,int]e/ & ,education 
#a4jj   ,pr9ciples ( ,second>y          
,education #c ,vols4     ,i1            
#a4be2     ,,ii1        #a4jj2          
,,iii1       #a4jj  ,dewey   ,democracy 
& ,education1 ,a ,philosophy (          
,education              #a4dj  ,dobbs   
,illu/rative ,h&work                    
#a4aj  ,dressl>   ,s*ool ,hygi5e        
#a4be  ,dutton   ,social ,phases (      
,education 9 ! ,s*ool & ! ,home         
#a4be  ,eaton & ,/ev5s   ,comm]cial ,"w 
& ,tra9+ = ,girls                       
#a4ej  ,f>r+ton   ,comm]cial ,education 
9 ,g]many                               
#a4aj  ,foght   ,! ,am]ican ,rural      
,s*ool                                  
#a4be   ,rural ,d5m>k & its ,s*ools     

#a4dj   ,! ,rural ,tea*] & ,8 ,"w       
#a4dj  ,ganong   ,! ,tea*+ ,botani/     
#a4be  ,graves   ,a ,hi/ory (           
,education4     ,vol4 ,i4 ,be=e !       
,middle ,ages                           
#a4aj     ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,a ,hi/ory (      
,education ,dur+ ! ,middle ,ages        
#a4aj     ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,mod]n ,times    
#a4aj   ,great ,educators ( ,?ree       
,c5turies                               
#a4aj   ,pet] ,ramus & ! ,educational   
,re=mation ( ! #af? ,c5tury #a4be   ,a  
,/ud5ts' ,hi/ory ( ,education           
#a4be  ,halleck   ,education ( ! ,c5tral
 ,n]v\s ,sy/em                          
#a4jj  ,hall-,que/   ,sup]vis$ ,/udy    
#a4be  ,hanus   ,educational ,aims &    
,values                                 
#a4jj   ,mod]n ,s*ool1 ,a               
#a4be  ,h>t   ,educational ,res\rces (  
,village & ,rural ,communities          
#a4jj  ,heatwole   ,a ,hi/ory (         
,education 9 ,virg9ia                   
#a4be  ,h5d]son   ,pr9ciples (          
,education                              

#a4ge  ,h]rick   ,mean+ & ,practice (   
,comm]cial ,education                   
#a4be  ,holtz   ,pr9ciples & ,me?ods (  
,tea*+ ,geography                       
#a4aj  ,home   ,philosophy ( ,education 
#a4ej   ,psy*ological ,pr9ciples (      
,education                              
#a4ge   ,idealism 9 ,education          
#a4be   ,/ory-,tell+1 ,que/ion+ & ,/udy+
                         #a4aj  ,h[]?   
,! ,art ( ,education                    
#a4jj  ,huey   ,psy*ology & ,p$agogy (  
,read+                                  
#a4dj  ,hummel & ,hummel   ,mat]ials &  
,me?ods 9 ,high ,s*ool ,agriculture     
#a4be  ,jessup & ,c(fman   ,!           
,sup]vision ( ,ari?metic                
#a4aj  ,johnson1 ,h5ry   ,tea*+ (       
,hi/ory 9 ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,s*ools 
#a4dj  ,kahn & ,kle9   ,comm]cial       
,education1 ,pr9ciples & ,me?ods 9      
#a4dj  ,k5n$y   ,fundam5tals 9 ,me?ods  
#a4be  ,k]s*5/e9]   ,! ,idea ( !        
,indu/rial ,s*ool                       
4#ej  ,kilpatrick1 ,v4 ,e4   ,dep>tm5tal

 ,tea*+ 9 ,elem5t>y ,s*ools             
4#fj  ,kilpatrick1 ,w4 ,b4   ,froebel's 
,k9d]g>t5 ,pr9ciples ,critically ,exam9$
            4#ij  ,kirkpatrick1 ,e4 ,a4 
,fundam5tals ( ,*ild ,/udy              
#a4cj  ,lee   ,play 9 ,education        
#a4ej  ,mc,keever   ,tra9+ ! ,girl      
#a4ej   ,! ,indu/rial ,tra9+ ( ! ,boy   
4#ej  ,mac,vannel   ,outl9e ( a ,c\rse 9
 ! ,philosophy ( ,education             
4#ij  ,mill]   ,education = ! ,ne$s (   
,life                                   
#a4be  ,monroe   ,pr9ciples ( ,second>y 
,education                              
#b4jj   ,text-,book 9 ! ,hi/ory (       
,education                              
#b4jj   ,syllabus ( a ,c\rse ( ,/udy on 
!         ,hi/ory & ,pr9ciples (        
,education                        4#ej  
,s\rce ,book 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,education   
= ! ,greek & ,roman ,p]iod              
#b4dj   ,brief ,c\rse 9 ! ,hi/ory (     
,education                        #a4dj 
,cyclop$ia ( ,education1 #e ,vols4      
#be4jj  ,o',%ea   ,dynamic ,factors 9   

,education                              
#a4be  ,pe>son   ,vitaliz$ ,s*ool       
#a4dj  ,p]ry   ,managem5t ( a ,city     
,s*ool                                  
#a4be   ,outl9es ( ,s*ool ,adm9i/ration 
#a4dj  ,pyle   ,! ,exam9ation ( ,s*ool  
,*ildr5                                 
4#ej  ,sa*s   ,! ,am]ican ,second>y     
,s*ool                                  
#a4aj  ,sisson   ,ess5tials ( ,"*       
#a4jj  ,smi?   ,all ! ,*ildr5 ( ,all !  
,p 7,tea*]s' ,edition7          #a4aj   
,snea? & ,hodges   ,moral ,tra9+ 9 !    
,s*ool & ,home                          
4#hj  ,/>*   ,educational ,measurem5ts  
#a4be   ,exp]im5ts 9 ,educational       
,psy*ology                              
#a4jj  ,/ray]   ,a ,brief ,c\rse 9 !    
,tea*+ ,process                         
#a4be  ,/ray] & ,norswor?y   ,h[ to     
,tea*                                   
#a4dj  ,/ray] & ,?orndike   ,educational
 ,adm9i/ration ,quantitative ,/udies    
#b4jj  ,taylor   ,h&book ( ,vocational  
,education                              

#a4jj   ,pr9ciples & ,me?ods ( ,tea*+   
,read+                       4#ij       
,?orndike   ,education3 ,a ,fir/ ,book  
#a4be  ,v&ewalk]   ,k9d]g>t51 ,!1 9     
,am]ican ,education                     
#a4be  ,w>d   ,! ,montessori ,me?od & ! 
,am]ican ,s*ool                   #a4be 
,wayl&   ,h[ to ,tea* ,am]ican ,hi/ory  
#a4aj    ,! ,mac,millan ,company  ,bo/on
    ,new ,york        ,atlanta ,*icago  
,san ,francisco   ,dallas