,illu/ration3 ,madonna ( ,ca/elfranco ,photogravure f ! ,pa9t+ by ,giorgione 9 ! ,p>i% ,*ur*1 ,ca/elfranco ,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,,art ,,by ,,e/elle ,m4 ,,hurll ,illu/rat$ ,a "m is a "m /ill-- ,! holie/ ?+ alive4 --,,col]idge4 ,,bo/on ,l4,c4 ,,page ,,& ,,company 7,,incorporat$7 #ahih ,copyright1 #ahig ,,by ,l4,c4 ,,page ,,& ,,company 7,,incorporat$7 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,preface ,,introduction ,i4 ,,! ,,portrait ,,madonna ,,ii4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,en?ron$ ,,iii4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,,! ,,sky ,,iv4 ,,! ,,pa/oral ,,madonna ,v4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,a ,,home ,,environm5t ,,vi4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,( ,,love ,,vii4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,,adoration ,,viii4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,z ,,witness ,,bibliography ,,illu/rations4 ,,giorgione ,madonna ( ,ca/elfranco ,frontispiece ,p>i% ,*ur*1 ,ca/elfranco4 ,,jacopo ,,bell9i ,madonna & ,*ild ,v5ice ,academy4 ,,gabriel ,,max ,madonna & ,*ild ,,p]ug9o ,madonna & ,sa9ts 7,detail47 ,vatican ,gall]y1 ,rome4 ,,giovanni ,,bell9i ,madonna ( ,san ,zacc>ia4 7,detail47 ,*ur* ( ,san ,zacc>ia1 ,v5ice4 ,,v]onese ,madonna & ,sa9ts ,v5ice ,academy4 ,,qu5t9 ,,massys ,madonna & ,*ild ,b]l9 ,gall]y4 ,,fra ,,angelico ,madonna della ,/ella ,mona/]y ( ,san ,m>co1 ,flor5ce4 ,,umbrian ,,s*ool ,glorification ( ! ,virg9 ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,,moretto ,madonna 9 ,glory ,*ur* ( ,san ,giorgio ,maggiore1 ,v]ona4 ,,spani% ,,s*ool ,madonna on ! ,cresc5t ,moon ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,,b\gu]eau ,madonna ( ! ,angels ,,raphael ,madonna 9 ! ,mead[ ,belv$]e ,gall]y1 ,vi5na4 ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci ,madonna ( ! ,rocks ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,,palma ,,vec*io ,santa ,conv]sazione ,belv$]e ,gall]y1 ,vi5na4 ,,filipp9o ,,lippi ,madonna 9 a ,rose ,g>d5 ,pitti ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce4 ,,s*ongau] ,holy ,family ,belv$]e ,gall]y1 ,vi5na4 ,,raphael ,madonna dell' ,impannata ,pitti ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce4 ,,correggio ,madonna della ,scala ,p>ma ,gall]y4 ,,titian ,madonna & ,sa9ts4 7,detail47 ,belv$]e ,gall]y1 ,vi5na4 ,d,ue,r,e,r ,madonna & ,*ild ,belv$]e ,gall]y1 ,vi5na4 ,,bod5haus5 ,madonna & ,*ild ,private ,gall]y1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,,&rea ,,della ,,robbia ,madonna 9 ,adoration ,national ,museum1 ,flor5ce4 ,,lor5zo ,,di ,,cr$i ,nativity ,uffizi ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce4 ,,filippo ,,lippi ,madonna 9 ,adoration ,uffizi ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce4 ,,luigi ,,viv>9i ,madonna & ,*ild #agi ,*ur* ( ! ,r$5tore1 ,v5ice4 ,,giovanni ,,bell9i ,madonna betwe5 ,/4 ,george & ,/4 ,paul4 7,detail47 ,v5ice ,academy4 ,,lu9i ,madonna ) ,/4 ,b>b>a & ,/4 ,an?ony ,br]a ,gall]y1 ,milan4 ,,botticelli ,madonna ( ! ,pomegranate ,uffizi ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce4 ,,murillo ,madonna & ,*ild ,pitti ,gall]y1 ,flor5ce4 ,,raphael ,si/9e ,madonna ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,,preface4 ,?is little book is int5d$ z a companion volume to ,*ild-,life 9 ,art1 & is a /udy ( ,madonna art z a revelation ( mo!rhood4 ,) ! hi/orical & leg5d>y incid5ts 9 ! life ( ! ,virg9 x has no?+ to d4 ,^! subjects h be5 discuss$ compreh5sively & f9ally 9 ,mrs4 ,jameson's spl5did "w on ! ,leg5ds ( ! ,madonna4 ,out ( ! great mass ( ,madonna subjects are select$1 "h1 only ! idealiz$ & devotional pictures ( ! ,"m & ,babe4 ,! me?ods ( classify+ su* works are expla9$ 9 ! ,introduction4 ,great pa9s h be5 tak5 to *oose z illu/rations1 n only ! pictures :i* are univ]sal favorites1 b o!rs :i* are less widely kn[n & n easily accessible4 ,! cov] 0 design$ by ,miss ,isabelle ,a4 ,s9clair1 9 ! v>i\s colors appropriate to ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,! lily is ! ,virg9's fl[]1 la fleur de ,m>ie1 ! highe/ symbol ( h] purity4 ,! gold bord] surr\nd+ ! panel is copi$ f ! ornam5tation ( ! mantle worn by ,botticelli's ,dresd5 ,madonna4 ,,e/elle ,m4 ,,hurll4 ,new ,b$=d1 ,mass41 ,may1 #ahig4 ,,introduction4 ,x is n[ ab\t fifte5 c5turies s9ce ! ,madonna ) h] ,babe 0 fir/ introduc$ into art1 & x is safe to say t1 ?r\gh\t all ?is "t1 ! subject has be5 unrivall$ 9 popul>ity4 ,x requires no v pr(\nd philosophy to discov] ! reason = ?is4 ,! ,madonna is ! univ]sal type ( mo!rhood1 a subject :i*1 9 its v nature1 appeals to all classes & conditions ( p4 ,no "o is too ignorant to und]/& x1 & none too wise to be sup]ior to its *>m4 ,! little *ild appreciates x z readily z ! old man1 & bo?1 alike1 are drawn to x by an irresi/ible attraction4 ,?us1 c5tury aft] c5tury1 ! arti/ has p\r$ out 8 s\l 9 ?is all-prevail+ !me ( "m love until we h an accumulation ( ,madonna pictures s great t no "o w\ld d>e to e/imate _! numb]4 ,x w\ld seem t e conceivable type 0 long s9ce exhau/$2 b ! end is n yet4 ,s long z we h mo!rs1 art w cont9ue to produce ,madonnas4 ,) s mu* available mat]ial1 ! /ud5t ( ,madonna art w\ld be disc\rag$ at ! outset 7 x n possible to approa* ! subject sy/ematically4 ,ev5 ! va/ numb] ( ,madonna pictures becomes manageable :5 /udi$ by "s me?od ( classification4 ,sev]al plans are possible4 ,! hi/orical /ud5t is naturally guid$ 9 8 gr\p+ by ! p]iods 9 :i* ! pictures 7 produc$2 ! critic1 by ! te*nical s*ools :i* !y repres5t4 ,besides ^! m s*ol>ly me?ods1 are o!rs1 f\nd$ on simpl] & m obvi\s divid+ l9es4 ,su* are ! two propos$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 =m+1 respectively1 ,"p ,i4 & ,"p ,,ii4 ( our little volume4 ,! fir/ is bas$ on ! /yle ( composition 9 :i* ! picture is pa9t$2 ! second1 on ! subject :i* x treats4 ,! fir/ exam9es ! me*anical arrangem5t ( ! figures2 ! second asks1 :at is ! real relation betwe5 !m8 ,! fir/ deals ) ext]nal *>act]i/ics2 ! second1 ) ! inn] significance4 ,proce$+ by ! fir/1 we ask1 :at are ! g5]al /yles ( treatm5t 9 :i* ,madonna pictures h be5 r5d]$8 ,! answ] names ! foll[+ five classes3 #a4 ,! ,portrait ,madonna1 ! figures 9 half-l5g? aga9/ an indef9ite backgr\nd4 #b4 ,! ,madonna ,en?ron$1 :]e ! sett+ is "s sort ( a ?rone or dais4 #c4 ,! ,madonna 9 ! ,sky or ! ,madonna 9 ,gloria1 :]e ! figures are set 9 ! heav5s1 z repres5t$ by a glory ( light1 by cl\ds1 by a company ( *]ubs1 or by simple elevation above ! e>?'s surface4 #d4 ,! ,pa/oral ,madonna1 ) a l&scape backgr\nd4 #e4 ,! ,madonna 9 a ,home ,environm5t1 :]e ! sett+ is an int]ior4 ,! =ego+ subjects are arrang$ 9 ! ord] ( hi/orical developm5t1 s f> z is possible4 ,! fir/ & la/ ( ! classes enum]at$ are s small1 comp>$ ) ! o!rs1 t !y are some:at insignificant 9 ! :ole numb] ( ,madonna pictures4 ,yet1 9 all probability1 x is along ^! l9es t future art is mo/ likely to develop ! subject1 *oos+ ! portrait ,madonna because ( its univ]sal adaptability1 & repres5t+ ! ,madonna 9 h] home1 9 an ef=t to realize1 hi/orically1 ! ,new ,te/am5t sc5es4 ,( ! rema9+ ?ree1 ! en?ron$ ,madonna is1 d\btless1 ! l>ge/ class1 hi/orically consid]$1 because ( ! long p]iod ?r\gh :i* x has be5 repres5t$4 ,! pa/oral & enski$ ,madonnas 7 9 high favor 9 ! fir/ p]iod ( _! p]fection4 ,our next "q is conc]n$ ) ! aspects ( mo!rhood display$ 9 ,madonna pictures3 9 :at relation to h] *ild has ! ,madonna be5 repres5t$8 ,! answ] includes ! foll[+ ?ree subjects3 #a4 ,! ,madonna ( ,love 7,! ,mat] ,amabilis71 9 :i* ! relation is purely mat]nal4 ,! emphasis is ^u a "m's natural affection z display$ t[>ds h] *ild4 #b4 ,! ,madonna 9 ,adoration 7,! ,madre ,pia71 9 :i* ! "m's attitude is "o ( humility1 contemplat+ h] *ild ) awe4 #c4 ,! ,madonna z ,witness1 9 :i* ! ,"m is preem95tly ! ,*ri/-be>]1 we>+ ! honors ( h] pr\d position z witness to h] son's great de/9y4 ,^! subjects are m5tion$ 9 ! ord] ( philosophical climax1 & z we g f ! fir/ to ! second1 & f ! second to ! ?ird1 we advance f>!r & f>!r into ! exp]i5ce ( mo!rhood4 ,at ! same "t !re is an increase 9 ! dignity ( ! ,madonna & 9 h] importance z an individual4 ,9 ! ,mat] ,amabilis %e is subord9ate to h] *ild1 absorb$ 9 him1 s to speak2 8 infant9e *>ms (t5 ov]mat* h] own beauty4 ,:5 %e rises to ! responsibilities ( h] high call+1 %e is1 = ! "t be+1 ( equal int]e/ & importance4 ,a,esthetically1 %e is n[ ev5 m attractive ?an h] *ild1 ^: s]i\sness1 9 su* pictures1 takes some?+ f 8 *ildlik5ess4 ,*ronologically1 our li/ reads backw>ds1 z ! religi\s aspect ( ,m>y's mo!rhood 0 ! fir/ treat$ 9 art1 :ile ! naturali/ic conception came la/4 ,reg>d$ z expressive ( national *>act]i/ics1 ! ,mat] ,amabilis is ! ,madonna be/ belov$ 9 nor!rn c\ntries1 :ile ! o!r two subjects belong specially to ! art ( ! s\?4 ,x w be se5 t any numb] ( ,madonna pictures1 hav+ be5 arrang$ 9 ! five gr\ps designat$ 9 ,"p ,i41 may be ga!r$ up & r$i/ribut$ 9 ! ?ree classes ( ,"p ,,ii4 ,to make ?is cle>1 ! pictures m5tion$ 9 ! fir/ me?od ( classification are frequ5tly ref]r$ to a second "t1 view$ f an entirely diff]5t /&po9t4 ,s9ce ! l9es ( cleavage are s widely dissimil> 9 ! two cases1 bo? me?ods ( /udy are necess>y to a complete und]/&+ ( a picture4 ,by ! fir/1 we le>n a conv5i5t t]m ( description by :i* we may casually designate a ,madonna2 by ! second1 we f9d its highe/ mean+ z a "w ( art1 & are admitt$ to "s new secret ( a "m's love4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,madonnas ,,class$ ,,by ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,composition4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,,art4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,portrait ,,madonna4 ,! fir/ ,madonna pictures kn[n to u are ( ! portrait /yle1 & are ( ,byzant9e or ,greek orig94 ,!y 7 br\ght to ,rome & ! we/]n empire f ,con/ant9ople 7! anci5t ,byzantium71 ! capital ( ! ea/]n empire1 :]e a new s*ool ( ,*ri/ian art _h develop$ out ( t ( anci5t ,greece4 ,ju/9ian's conque/ ( ,italy s[$ ! new art-se$ 9 a f]tile field1 :]e x soon took root & multipli$ rapidly4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 little or no improvem5t 9 ! type = a long p]iod2 x rema9$ practically un*ang$ till ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,?us1 :ile a ,byzant9e ,madonna is to be f\nd 9 ne>ly e old *ur* 9 ,italy1 to see "o is to see all4 ,!y are half-l5g? figures aga9/ a backgr\nd ( gold leaf1 at fir/ laid on solidly1 or1 at a some:at lat] date1 /udd$ ) *]ubs4 ,! ,virg9 has a meagre1 ascetic c\nt5ance1 l>ge1 ill-%ap$ eyes1 & an almo/ peevi% expression2 h] head is drap$ 9 a heavy1 d>k blue veil1 fall+ 9 /iff folds4 ,unattractive z su* pictures are to u f an arti/ic /&po9t1 !y inspire u ) respect if n ) rev]5ce4 ,once objects ( m+l$ devotion & admiration1 !y are /ill reg>d$ ) awe by _m :o c no long] admire4 ,_! real orig9 be+ lo/ 9 obscurity1 innum]able leg5ds h aris51 attribut+ !m to miracul\s ag5cies1 & also end[+ !m ) p[] to "w miracles4 ,!re is an e>ly & widespread tradition1 import$ ) ! ,madonna f ! ,ea/1 :i* makes ,/4 ,luke a pa9t]4 ,x is said t he pa9t$ _m portraits ( ! ,virg91 &1 naturally1 all ! *ur*es possess+ old ,byzant9e pictures claim t !y are g5u9e works f ! h& ( ! evangeli/4 ,!re is "o 9 ! ,ara ,coeli at ,rome1 & ano!r 9 ,s4 ,m>ia 9 ,cosm$9o1 ( :i* m>vell\s tales are told1 besides o!rs ( great sanctity 9 ,/4 ,m>k's1 ,v5ice1 & 9 ,padua4 ,x w\ld n be int]e/+ to dwell1 9 any detail1 ^u ^! curi\s old pictures4 ,we w\ld d bett] to take our fir/ example f ! art :i*1 ?\gh f\nd$ on ,byzant9e types1 _h begun to le>n ( nature4 ,su* a picture we f9d 9 ! ,v5ice ,academy1 by ,jacopo ,bell9i1 pa9t$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 some:at lat] ?an any correspond+ picture c\ld h be5 f\nd else:]e 9 ,italy1 z ,v5ice 0 *ronologically beh9d ! o!r art s*ools4 ,! backgr\nd is a glory ( *]ub heads t\*$ ) gold hat*+4 ,bo? "m & *ild we> heavy nimbi1 ornam5t$ ) gold4 ,^! po9ts recall ,byzant9e "w2 b ! g5tl] face ( ! ,virg91 & ! graceful fall ( h] drap]y1 %[ t we are 9 a diff]5t _w ( art4 ,! *ild is dress$ 9 a little tunic1 9 ! primitive me?od4 ,) ! dawn ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 ! old /yle ( portrait ,madonna pass$ out ( vogue4 ,m elaborate backgr\nds 7 introduc$ f ! gr[+ res\rces ( te*nique4 ,9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 pictures ( ! portrait /yle 7 comp>atively r>e4 ,raphael1 h[ev]1 0 n above adopt+ ?is me?od1 z e lov] ( ! ,gr&uca ,madonna w rememb]4 ,8 fri5d ,b>tolommeo also select$ ?is /yle ( composition = "s ( ! lovelie/ ( 8 works4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacopo ,,bell9i4--,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,! /ory ( ! fri5d%ip betwe5 ^! two m5 is full ( int]e/4 ,at ! "t ( ,raphael's fir/ appe>ance 9 ,flor5ce 7#aejd71 ,b>tolommeo _h be5 f\r ye>s a monk1 & _h laid aside1 app>5tly =ev]1 ! bru% he _h previ\sly wield$ ) su* promise4 ,! "y /rang] s\ght ! ,frate 9 8 cell at ,san ,m>co1 & soon f\nd ! way to 8 he>t4 ,/imulat$ by ?is new fri5d%ip1 ,b>tolommeo r\s$ himself f le?>gy & resum$ ! practice ( art ) increas+ success4 ,x is pleasant to trace ! influ5ce :i* ! two arti/s ex]t$ ^u ea* o!r4 ,! old] man _h exp]i5ce & le>n+2 ! y\ng] _h en?usiasm & g5ius4 ,n[ x happ5$ t1 by nature1 ,b>tolommeo 0 specially gift$ 9 ! arrangem5t ( l>ge compositions1 ) _m figures & /ately ar*itectural backgr\nds4 ,x is by ^! t he is *iefly kn[n to-day4 ,s x is ! m int]e/+ t1 :5 ,raphael's sweet simplicity fir/ t\*$ him1 he turn$ aside1 = ! "t1 f ^! elaborate plans & gave himself to ! portrayal ( ! ,madonna 9 t simple/ possible way1 ! half-l5g? portrait picture4 ,sev]al ( ^! he pa9t$ ^u ! walls ( 8 own conv5t1 glorify+ t dim place ( pray] & fa/+ ) visions ( radiant & happy mo!rhood4 ,"o ( ^! may /ill be se5 9 ! cell sometimes call$ ! ,capella ,giovanato4 ,x in/antly recalls ! ,tempi ,madonna ( ,raphael1 bo? 9 ! pose ( ! figure & 9 ! g5u95ess ( feel+ exhibit$4 ,damp & decay h w>r$ 9 va9 aga9/ x1 & ! mod]n visitor l+]s be=e ! ,"m & ,babe ) hu%$ admiration4 ,two o!r simil> frescoes h be5 remov$ to ! ,academy4 ,!y %[ ! same mo!rly t5d]ness1 ! same innoc5t & beautiful babyhood4 ,! "m holds h] *ild close 9 h] arms1 press+ h] =ehead to 81 or b5d+ h] *eek to receive 8 kiss4 ,he ?r[s 8 little arm ab\t h] neck1 cl++ to h] veil or c>ess+ h] face4 ,besides ?is gr\p ( pictures by ,b>tolommeo1 !re are o!r scatt]$ in/ances ( portrait ,madonnas dur+ ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 by m5 too great to be ti$ to ! fa%ions ( _! day4 ,mantegna 0 su* a pa9t]1 & ,lu9i ano!r4 ,all told1 h[ev]1 _! pictures ( ?is sort make up a class too r>e to des]ve long] description4 ,a c5tury lat]1 ! ,spani% s*ool occasionally rev]t$ to ! same /yle ( treatm5t4 ,a pair ( notable pictures are ! ,madonna ( ,be?lehem1 by ,alonzo ,cano1 & ! ,madonna ( ! ,napk91 by ,murillo4 ,bo? are 9 ,seville1 ! latt] 9 ! museum1 ! =m] /ill hang+ 9 its orig9al place 9 ! ca!dral4 ,( ,cano's "w1 a great au?ority#a on ,spani% art has writt51 t1 9 s]5e1 cele/ial beauty1 x is excell$ by no image ( ! bless$ ,m>y ev] devis$ 9 ,spa94 ,murillo's picture is bett] kn[n1 & has a curi\s int]e/ f its hi/ory4 ,! cook 9 ! ,capu*9 mona/]y1 :]e ! arti/ _h be5 pa9t+1 begg$ a picture z a p>t+ gift4 ,no canvas be+ at h&1 a napk9 0 (f]$ in/ead1 on :i* ! ma/] pa9t$ a ,madonna1 unexcell$ among 8 works 9 brilliancy ( color4 ,footnote #a3 ,/irl+-,maxwell1 9 ,annals ( ! ,arti/s ( ,spa94 ,illu/ration3 ,,gabriel ,,max4--,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,z ! portrait picture 0 ! fir/ /yle ( ,madonna kn[n to art1 s1 also1 x is ! la/4 ,by a leap ( ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s1 we h return$1 9 our own day1 to ! me?od ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,x is /range t :at 0 once a matt] ( necessity %\ld at la/ become an object ( *oice4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,madonna art1 ! limit$ res\rces ( te*nique preclud$ any attempts to make a m elaborate sett+4 ,su* difficulties no long] /& 9 ! way1 & :]e we n[ see a portrait ,madonna1 ! arti/ has delib]ately disc>d$ all accessories 9 ord] bett] to idealize 8 !me4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! portrait ,madonnas by ,gabriel ,max4 ,"h are no details to div]t ! att5tion f mo!rhood1 pure & simple4 ,we d n ask ( ! subject :e!r %e is ( high or ( l[ e/ate1 a que5 or a peasant4 ,we h only to look into ! e>ne/1 lov+ face to read t "h is a "m4 ,!re are two pictures ( ?is sort1 evid5tly /udi$ f ! same ,bohemian models4 ,9 "o1 ! "m looks d[n at h] babe2 9 ! o!r1 directly at ! spectator1 ) a s+ul>ly vision>y expression4 ,:5 we>y ) ! s5seless repetition ( ! set compositions ( pa/ ages1 we turn ) relief to a simple portrait "m l ?is1 at once ! mo/ primitive & ! mo/ advanc$ =m ( ,madonna art4 ,x is only ano!r case :]e ! simple/ is ! be/4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,en?ron$4 ,9 e true home ! "m is que51 en?ron$ 9 ! he>ts ( h] lov+ *ildr54 ,!re is1 !re=e1 a beautiful d\ble significance1 :i* we %\ld always h 9 m9d1 9 look+ at ! ,madonna en?ron$4 ,accord+ to ! !ological conception ( ! p]iod 9 :i* x 0 fir/ produc$1 ! picture /&s = ! ,virg9 ,"m z ,que5 ( ,heav54 ,und]/ood typically1 x repres5ts ! exaltation ( mo!rhood4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( art developm5t1 ! en?ron$ ,madonna beg9s :]e ! portrait ,madonna ends4 ,we may date x f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :5 ,cimabue1 ( ,flor5ce1 & ,guido1 ( ,si5a1 produc$ _! fam\s pictures4 ,simil> types _h previ\sly appe>$ 9 ! mosaic decorations ( *ur*es1 b n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 !y 7 wor?ily set =? 9 panel pictures4 ,! /ory ( ,cimabue's ,madonna is "o ( ! (t-told tales we l to he> repeat$4 ,h[ on a c]ta9 day1 ab\t #abgj1 ,*>les ( ,anj\ 0 pass+ ?r\gh ,flor5ce2 h[ he honor$ ! /udio ( ,cimabue by a visit2 h[ ! ,madonna 0 !n fir/ uncov]$2 h[ ! p %\t$ s joy\sly t ! /reet 0 !reaft] nam$ ! ,borgo dei ,allegri2 & h[ ! great picture 0 f9ally borne 9 triumphal procession to ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia ,novella1--all ^! are ! sc5es 9 ! pretty drama4 ,! late ,sir ,fr$]ick ,leighton has pres]v$ = future c5turies ?is /ory1 already six hundr$ ye>s old1 9 a *>m+ pageant picture3 ,cimabue's ,madonna c>ri$ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,flor5ce4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ "w ev] exhibit$ by ! ,engli% arti/1 & 0 an important /ep 9 ! c>e] :i* end$ 9 ! presid5cy ( ! ,royal ,academy4 ,cimabue's ,madonna /ill hangs 9 ,santa ,m>ia ,novella1 ov] ! alt> ( ! ,ruccellai *apel1 & ?i!r _m a pilgrim takes 8 way to honor ! memory ( ! fa!r ( mod]n pa9t+4 ,! ?rone is a sort ( c>v$ arm*air1 v simple 9 =m1 b ri*ly ov]laid ) gold2 ! surr\nd+ backgr\nd is fill$ ) ador+ angels4 ,"h sits ! ,madonna1 9 /iff solemnity1 hold+ h] *ild on h] lap4 ,if we f9d x h>d to admire h] beauty1 we mu/ note ! sup]iority ( ! picture to its pr$ecessors4 ,= ! en?ron$ ,madonna 9 a really attractive & beautiful =m1 we mu/ pass at once to ! p]iod ( full art developm5t4 ,9 ! int]val1 _m v>iations ^u ! !me h be5 inv5t$4 ,! ?rone may be ( any size1 %ape1 or mat]ial2 ! composition may consi/ ( any numb] ( figures4 ,! ,madonna1 seat$ or /&+1 is n[ ! c5tre ( an assembly ( p]sonages symmetrically gr\p$ ab\t h]4 ,!re is little or no unity ( action among !m2 ea* "o is an indep5d5t figure4 ,! gu>d ( honor may be compos$ ( sa9ts1 z 9 ,montagna's ,madonna1 ( ! ,br]a1 ,milan2 or aga9 x is a company ( angels1 z 9 ! ,b]l9 ,madonna1 attribut$ to ,botticelli1 simil> to :i* is ! picture by ,ghirl&ajo 9 ! ,uffizi ,gall]y4 ,:]e sa9ts are repres5t$1 ea* "o is m>k$ by "s special emblem1 ! id5tification ( :i* makes1 9 itself1 an int]e/+ /udy4 ,/4 ,pet]'s key1 ,/4 ,paul's sword1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e's :eel1 & ,/4 ,b>b>a's t[] soon become famili> symbols to ^? fond ( ?is k9d ( lore4 ,among ! idealiz$ pres5ces ab\t ! ,virg9's ?rone may sometimes be se5 ! prosaic figure ( ! donor1 ^: munific5ce has made ! picture possible4 ,?is is well illu/rat$ 9 ! fam\s ,madonna ( ,victory 9 ! ,l\vre1 pa9t$ 9 commemoration ( ! ,battle ( ,=novo1 :]e ,mantegna repres5ts ,francesco ,gonzaga1 comm&] ( ! ,v5etian =ces1 kneel+ at ! ,virg9's feet4 ,a *>m+ feature 9 _m en?ron$ ,madonnas is ! gr\p ( *]ubs bel[1--"o1 two1 or ! my/ic ?ree4 ,!y are n ! exclusive possession ( any s+le s*ool ( art2 ,b>tolommeo & ,&rea del ,s>to ( ! ,flor5t9es1 ,francia ( ! ,bolognese1 & ,bell9i & ,cima ( ! ,v5etians 7 p>ticul>ly p>tial to !m4 ,! treatm5t 9 ,nor!rn ,italy gives !m a m def9ite purpose 9 ! composition ?an does t ( ,flor5ce1 = "h !y are always musicians1 play+ on all sorts ( in/rum5ts1--! viol91 ! m&ol91 or ! pipe4 ,b>tolommeo 0 specially successful 9 ! subject ( ! en?ron$ ,madonna1 hav+ f9e gifts ( composition unit$ ) pr(\nd religi\s e>ne/ness4 ,! great picture 9 ! ,pitti gall]y at ,flor5ce may s]ve z a typical example4 ,&rea del ,s>to's *ef-d'oeuvre--! ,madonna di ,san ,francesco 7,uffizi7--may also be assign$ to ?is class1 al?\gh ! arrangem5t is entirely novel4 ,! ,virg91 hold+ ! babe 9 h] arms1 /&s on a sort ( p$e/al1 c>v$ at ! corn]s ) a design ( h>pies1 f :i* ! picture is (t5 kn[n z ! ,madonna ( ! ,h>pies4 ,! p$e/al ?rone is also se5 9 two ( ,correggio's ,dresd5 pictures1 b "h ! ,virg9 is seat$1 ) ! *ild on h] lap4 ,an exce$+ly simple ?rone ,madonna is t ( ,lu9i1 9 ! ,br]a at ,milan1 :]e ! ,virg9 sits on a pla9 cop+ n at all high4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]ug9o4--,,madonna ,,& ,,sa9ts4 7,,detail47 ,a beautiful ,madonna en?ron$ is by ,p]ug9o1 9 ! ,vatican ,gall]y at ,rome2 "o ( ! arti/'s be/ works 9 p[] & vivacity ( color4 ,! ?rone is an ar*itectural /ructure ( elegant simplicity ( design1 app>5tly ( c>v$ & inlaid m>ble4 ,! ,virg9 sits 9 quiet dignity1 h] face b5t t[>ds ! bi%ops at h] "r1 ,/4 ,co/antius & ,/4 ,h]culanus4 ,on ! o!r side /& ! y\?ful ,/4 ,laur5ce & ,/4 ,l\is ( ,t\l\se4 ,al?\gh ,p]ug9o 0 an exce$+ly prolific arti/1 he did n (t5 *oose ?is p>ticul> subject4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! picture is especially int]e/+1 & also because x is ! orig9al model ( well kn[n works by two ( ! ,umbrian pa9t]'s mo/ illu/ri\s pupils4 ,_m1 inde$1 7 ! appr5tices tra9$ 9 ! fam\s bottega at ,p]ugia1 b1 among !m all1 ,raphael & ,p9turic*io took ! lead4 ,^! 7 ! two :o honor$ _! ma/] by repeat+1 ) modifications ( _! own1 ! beautiful composition ( ! ,vatican4 ,p9turic*io's picture is 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,&rea1 at ,p]ugia4 ,a *>m+ feature1 :i* he introduc$1 is a little ,/4 ,john1 /&+ at ! foot ( ! ?rone4 ,raphael's picture is ! s-call$ ,ansidei ,madonna1 ( ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london1 pur*as$ by ! ,engli% gov]nm5t1 9 #ahhe1 = ! fabul\s price ( ,l#gb1jjj4 ,! composition is "h r$uc$ to its simple/ possible =m1 ) only "o sa9t on ea* side1--,/4 ,ni*olas on ! "r1 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ on ! left4 ,! ,virg9 & *ild give no att5tion to ^! p]sonages1 b are absorb$ 9 a book :i* is op5 on ! ,"m's knee4 ,raphael _h no great lik+ = ?is /yle ( picture1 :i* 0 r too =mal = 8 ta/e4 ,x is noticeable t1 9 ! few in/ances :]e he pa9t$ x1 he took ! sugge/ion1 z "h1 f "s previ\s "w4 ,?us 8 ,madonna ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 also 9 ! ,national ,gall]y 7loan$ by ! ,k+ ( ,naples71 0 bas$ ^u an old picture by ,b]n>d9o di ,m>iotto1 accord+ to ! /rict ord]s ( ! nuns = ^: conv5t x 0 a commission4 ,! ,baldac*9o ,madonna ( ! ,pitti1 at ,flor5ce1 is closely ak9 to ,b>tolommeo's composition 9 ! same gall]y4 ,glanc+1 briefly1 at ^! scatt]$ examples1 we le>n t ! en?ron$ ,madonna belongs to e s*ool ( ,italian art1 & exhibits an a/oni%+ v>iety ( =ms4 ,probably x 0 9 ! ,nor? ( ,italy t x fl\ri%$ mo/4 ,! ,paduan ,s*ool has its f9e repres5tation 9 ,mantegna's picture1 already ref]r$ to2 ! ,brescian1 9 ,moretto's ,madonna ( ,s4 ,clem5te2 ! ,v]onese1 9 ,girolamo dai ,libri's spl5did alt> piece 9 ,san ,giorgio ,maggiore2 ! ,b]gamesque1 9 ,lotto's ,madonna ( ,s4 ,b>tolommeo4 ,above all1 x 0 9 ,v5ice1 ! ,que5 ,city ( ! ,adriatic1 t ! en?ron$ ,madonna rea*$ ! greate/ popul>ity3 ! _s ( ! composition 0 peculi>ly adapt$ to ! ,v5etian love ( pomp & c]emony4 ,to und]/& ,v5etian art aright1 we mu/ di/+ui% ! "* ( ! e>li] & lat] p]iods4 ,) ,viv>9i1 ,bell9i1 & ,cima1 ! ,madonna 9 ,trono 0 ! expression ( a dev\t religi\s feel+4 ,) ,titian1 ,t9toretto1 & ,v]onese1 x 0 m]ely "o among _m popul> art subjects4 ,?us arose two diff]5t g5]al types4 ,! e>li] ,madonna 0 a some:at cold type ( beauty2 ! faultless regul>ity ( h] features & ! imp]turbable calm ( h] expression make h] r unapproa*able2 b %e %[s a /rong1 sweet purity ( "*1 wor?y ( pr(\nd respect4 ,"o ( ,cima's mo/ important works is ! ,madonna ( ?is type 9 ! ,v5ice ,academy4 ,high on a m>ble ?rone1 %e sits "u a pill>$ portico1 beh9d :i* /ret*es a pleasant l&scape4 ,?ree sa9ts /& on ea* side1--an old man1 a y\?1 & a maid54 ,on ! /eps sit two *ori/]s play+ ! viol9 & m&ol94 ,palma's great alt>-piece1 at ,vic5za1 is ano!r spl5did en?ron$ ,madonna4 ,att5d$ by ,/4 ,george & ,/4 ,lucy1 & ent]ta9$ by a musical angel seat$ at h] feet1 ! ,virg9 supports h] beautiful boy1 z he gives 8 bless+4 ,bell9i's en?ron$ ,madonnas are kn[n ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,! picture by :i* he e/abli%$ 8 fame 0 "o ( ?is class1 orig9ally pa9t$ = a *apel 9 ,san ,giobbe1 b n[ hang+ 9 ! ,v5ice ,academy4 ,rusk9 has pron\nc$ x "o ( ! greate/ pictures ev] pa9t$ 9 ,*ri/5dom 9 h] c5tral art p[]4 ,x is a l>ge composition1 ) ?ree sa9ts at ea* side1 & ?ree *ori/]s bel[4 ,! ,fr>i ,madonna is 9 a simpl] ve91 & consi/s ( ?ree comp>tm5ts1 ! c5tral "o conta9+ ! ,virg9's ?rone4 ,! angioletti1 on ! /eps1 are probably ! mo/ popul> ( _! *>m+ class 9 ,v5ice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,giovanni ,,bell9i4--,,madonna ,,( ,,san ,,zacc>ia4 7,,detail47 ,! ,san ,zacc>ia ,madonna 0 pa9t$ :5 ,bell9i 0 ov] eighty ye>s old1 & has c]ta9 te*nical qualities surpass+ any ! arti/ _h previ\sly atta9$4 ,! dep? ( light & %ade is p>ticul>ly rem>kable2 ! colors ri* & h>moni\s4 ,! att5dant sa9ts are ,/4 ,lucy on ! "r1 a pretty blonde girl1 ) ,/4 ,j]ome beyond h]1 absorb$ 9 8 ,bible2 opposite1 /& ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 p5sively look+ d[n1 & ,/4 ,pet]1 9 pr(\nd m$itation4 ,! entire picture1 bo? 9 conception & execution1 may be consid]$ a repres5tative example ( ! times4 ,foll[+ ! ,bell9i s*ool1 & =m+1 z x 71 a connect+ l9k betwe5 ! e>li] & ! lat] art1 0 ,giorgione4 ,less ?an a score ( exi/+ works give witness to ! r>e _s ( ?is ma/]1 :o 0 sp>$ to e>? only ?irty-f\r ye>s4 ,^! are ( a quality to place him among ! immortals4 ,! en?ron$ ,madonna is ! subject ( two1 "o 9 ! ,madrid ,gall]y1 & ano!r at ,ca/el-,franco4 ,!y create an entirely di/9ct ,madonna ideal1--a poetic be+1 :o sits1 ) droop+ head & dreamy eyes1 z if see+ unspeakable visions4 ,! ,ca/el-,franco picture expresses ! f9e/ elem5ts 9 ,v5etian "*4 ,e o!r composition seems elaborate & artificial :5 comp>$ ) ! simplicity ( ?is4 ,o!r ,madonnas seem almo/ co>se beside su* delicacy4 ,! ,virg9's ?rone is ( an unusual height1--a d\ble pl9?1--! upp] /ep ( :i* is some:at above ! heads ( ! att5dant sa9ts1 ,lib]ale & ,francis4 ,?is simple1 compositional device emphasizes ! effect ( h] p5sive expression4 ,x is z if h] high m$itations set h] ap>t f human companion%ip4 ,!re is1 inde$1 some?+ almo/ pa!tic 9 h] isolation1 b = ! /r5g? ( "* 9 h] face4 ,! color s*eme is z simple & beautiful z ! und]ly+ conception4 ,! ,virg9's tunic is ( gre51 & ! mantle1 fall+ f ! "r %\ld] & ly+ across h] lap1 is r$1 ) deep %ad[s 9 its l>ge folds4 ,! back ( ! seat is cov]$ ) a /rip ( r$ & gold embroid]y4 ,! lat] p]iod ( ,v5etian art is m>k$ by a new ideal ( ! ,virg94 ,%e is n[ a magnific5t creature ( fle% & blood4 ,h] face is pr\d & h&some2 h] figure l>ge1 well-proportion$1 & some:at voluptu\s4 ,no ,be?lehem /able ev] %elt]$ ?is haughty beauty2 h] home is 9 k+s' palaces2 %e belongs di/9ctly to ! realm ( weal? & worldl9ess4 ,%e has nev] kn[n sorr[1 anxiety1 or pov]ty2 life has br\ght h] no?+ b pleasure & luxury4 ,h] ?rone /&s no long] 9 ! sacr$ place ( "s inn] sanctu>y1 :]e angel *ori/]s make music4 ,x is an elevat$ plat=m1 at "o side ( ! composition1 z 9 ,titian's ,pes>o alt>-piece1 & ,v]onese's ,madonna 9 ! ,v5ice ,academy4 ,?is gives an opportunity = a display ( elaborate drap]ies1 su* z we may see 9 ,v]onese's picture4 ,! peculi> qualities ( art 9 ,v]ona & ,v5ice are bl5d$ 9 ,paolo ,v]onese4 ,no arti/ ev] enjoy$ m ! spl5dors ( color1 or comb9$ !m 9 m en*ant+ h>monies4 ,su* gifts trans=m ! commone/ mat]ials1 &1 ?\gh 8 ,virg9 is a v ord9>y woman1 %e has und5iable *>ms4 ,an (t-copi$ figure1 9 ?is picture1 is t ( ! little ,/4 ,john1 a univ]sal favorite among *ild lov]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v]onese4--,,madonna ,,& ,,sa9ts4 ,! read] mu/ h rem>k$ t1 ?\gh ! fundam5tal idea ( ! en?ron$ ,madonna is t ( que5%ip1 ! ,virg9 we>s no cr[n 9 any ( ! pictures ?us f> cit$2 ! cr[n$ ,madonna is n *>act]i/ic ( ,italian art4 ,x is f\nd occasionally 9 mosaics f ! eigh? to ! elev5? c5turies1 & 9 "s ( ! e>ly votive pictures1 b does n appe> 9 ! lat] p]iod except 9 a few ,v5etian pictures by ,giovanni da ,murano & ,c>lo ,crivelli4 ,! same idea 0 (t5 c>ri$ out by plac+ two hov]+ angels ov] ! ,virg9's head1 hold+ ! cr[n betwe5 !m4 ,botticelli's ,madonna ( ! ,inkhorn is treat$ 9 ?is way4 ,! cr[n is ess5tially ,teutonic 9 orig9 & "*4 ,turn+ to ! repres5tative art ( ,g]many & ,belgium1 we f9d ! ,virg9 almo/ inv>iably we>+ a cr[n1 :e!r %e sits on a ?rone1 or 9 a pa/oral environm5t4 ,no bett] example c\ld be nam$ ?an ! celebrat$ ,holbe9 ,madonna1 ( ,d>m/adt1 kn[n *iefly ?r\gh ! copy 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,"h ! impos+ height ( ! ,virg9 is r5d]$ /ill m impressive by a high1 gold5 cr[n1 ri*ly emboss$ & edg$ ) pe>ls4 ,b5ea? ?is h] blond hair falls loosely ov] h] beautiful neck1 & gleams on ! blue g>m5t hang+ ov] h] %\ld]s4 ,/rong & t5d]1 ?is noble figure sums up ! f9e/ elem5ts 9 ! ,madonna art ( ! ,nor?4 ,a simple & lovely =m = ! ,madonna's cr[n is ! n>r[ gold5 fillet set ) pe>ls1 s+ly or 9 clu/]s4 ,?is is plac$ ov] ! ,virg9's br[ j at ! edge ( ! hair1 :i* is o!rwise unconf9$4 ,?is is se5 on ,madonnas by ,van ,eyck 7,frank=t71 ,du]] 7woodcut ( #aeac71 ,meml+ 7,bruges71 ,s*ongau] 7,muni*74 ,illu/ration3 ,,qu5t9 ,,massys4--,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,9 ! en?ron$ ,madonna by ,qu5t9 ,massys1 9 ! ,b]l9 ,gall]y1 we h _m typical *>act]i/ics ( ,nor!rn art4 ,! ?rone itself is exce$+ly ri*1 ornam5t$ ) agate pill>s ) emboss$ capitals ( gold4 ,! ,virg9 has ! f9e features & e>ne/1 t5d] expression :i* recalls e>li] ,flemi% pa9t]s4 ,h] dress falls 9 ri*1 heavy folds ^u ! m>ble pavem5t4 ,b1 z ) ,van ,eyck & ,meml+1 ,holbe9 & ,s*ongau]1 f9e clo!s d n conceal h] girli% simplicity or h] lov+ he>t4 ,a l[ table1 spread ) food1 /&s at ! left1--a curi\s dome/ic elem5t to introduce1 & ?or\ghly ,nor!rn 9 realism4 ,consid]$ z a symbol ( ! exaltation ( mo!rhood1 !re is no reason :y ! ?rone %\ld g out ( fa%ion2 b if x is to appe>1 x mu/ be us$ intellig5tly1 & ) "s adaptation to pres5t modes ( ?\ght1 n s]vilely imitat$ f ! =ms ( a by-gone age4 ,?is is a fact too little appreciat$ by ! arti/s ( to-day4 ,_m mod]n pictures c\ld be cit$--by ,b\gu]eau1 ,itt5ba*1 & o!rs--( en?ron$ ,madonnas 9 :i* is adopt$ ! =m1 b n ! _s1 ( ! ,italian ,r5naissance4 ,9 su* works1 ! sett+ is a m]e affectation entirely out ( ta/e4 ,if we are to h a ?rone1 let u h a ,madonna :o is a v]itable que54 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,,! ,,sky4 7,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,,gloria47 ,we h se5 t ! fir/ ,madonnas 7 pa9t$ aga9/ a backgr\nd ei!r ( solid gold1 or ( *]ub figures1 & t ! latt] /yle ( sett+ 0 cont9u$ 9 ! e>ly pictures ( ! en?ron$ ,madonna4 ,! effect 0 to idealize ! subject1 & c>ry x into ! region ( ! heav5ly4 ,?is 0 ! g]m9al idea :i* grew into ! ,madonna 9 ,gloria4 ,! glory 0 orig9ally a sort ( nimbus ( a l>g] ord]1 surr\nd+ ! entire figure1 in/ead ( m]ely ! head4 ,x 0 oval 9 %ape1 l ! almond or m&orla4 ,a picture ( ?is class is ! fam\s ,madonna della ,/ella1 ( ,fra ,angelico4 ,x is 9 a beautiful ,go?ic tab]nacle1 :i* is ! sole ornam5t ( a cell 9 ,san ,m>co1 ,flor5ce4 ,at e /ep 9 ^! sacr$ prec9cts1 we meet "s rem9d] ( ! ,angelic ,bro!r4 ,h[ ! gray walls blossom$1 "u 8 bru%1 into =ms & colors ( et]nal beauty6 ,aft] see+ ! l>g] wall-pa9t+s 9 corridors & refectory1 ?is little gem seems to epitomize 8 *oice/ gifts4 ,a ri* frame1 fit sett+ = ! jewel1 encloses an out] circle ( ador+ angels1 & )91 ! c5tral panel conta9s only ! full l5g? figure ( ! ,virg9 ) h] *ild1 aga9/ a m&orla =m$ ( gold5 rays runn+ f c5tre to circumf]5ce4 ,! ,madonna is envelop$ 9 a long1 d>k blue cloak1 drawn ar\nd h] head l a ,byzant9e veil4 ,a s+le /> gleams above h] br[1 f :i* is d]iv$ ! title ( ! picture4 ,%e holds h] *ild fondly1 & he1 ) responsive affection1 ne/les aga9/ 8 "m1 press+ 8 little face into h] neck4 ,fai?ful to ! /&>ds ( 8 pr$ecessors1 & unt\*$ by ! new _s ( naturalism all ab\t him1 ! monk pa9t] pres]ves1 9 8 conception1 ! mo/ sacr$ traditions ( pa/ ages1 & yet unites ) !m an elem5t ( love & t5d]ness :i* appeals /rongly to e human he>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fra ,,angelico4--,,madonna ,,della ,,/ella4 ,x is b a /ep f ?is e>li] =m ( ! ,madonna 9 ,gloria to ! m mod]n /yle ( ! ,madonna 9 ! ,sky1 :]e ! field ( vision is enl>g$1 & we see ! ,virg9 & *ild rais$ above ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,9 "s pictures1 h] elevation is v slight4 ,!re is a curi\s composition1 by ,&rea del ,s>to 7,b]l9 ,gall]y71 :]e we are puzzl$ to "k if ! ,madonna is en?ron$ or enski$4 ,a flight ( /eps 9 ! c5tre leads up z if to a ?rone1 b above ^! ! ,virg9 sits 9 a ni*e1 on a bank ( cl\ds4 ,9 ,correggio's ,madonna ( ,/4 ,seba/ian1 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 ! ,virg9 seems to be desc5d+ f heav5 to e>? ) h] babe1 & ! surr\nd+ cl\ds & *]ubs re/ lit]ally ^u ! heads ( ! sa9ts :o are honor$ by ! vision4 ,9 o!r pictures ! divid+ l9e betwe5 e>? & heav5 is mu* m /rongly m>k$4 ,we h a l&scape bel[1 !n a /ratum ( int]v5+ air1 &1 9 ! upp] sky1 ! ,madonna ) h] *ild4 ,! l[] "p ( ! picture is occupi$ by a company ( sa9ts1 to :om ! heav5ly vision is v\*saf$2 or1 9 r>e cases1 by *]ubs4 ,! ,virg9 appe>s 9 a cl\d ( *]ub heads1 or accompani$ by a few *ild-angels4 ,!re are a few pictures 9 :i* h] "m1 ,/4 ,anne1 sits ) h]4 ,ador+ s]aphs sometimes att5d1 "o on ea* side1 or ev5 sa9t$ p]sonages4 ,all ^! v>iations are exemplifi$ 9 ! pictures :i* we are to consid]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,umbrian ,,s*ool4--,,glorification ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,! fir/ has come d[n to u f ! h& ( "s unkn[n ,umbrian pa9t]4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london1 :]e x n[ hangs1 x 0 once attribut$ to ,lo ,spagna1 b is n[ ent]$ 9 ! catalogue z nameless4 ,x matt]s little :e!r or n we "k ! "n ( ! ma/]2 he c\ld ask no high] tribute to 8 tal5t ?an ! univ]sal admiration :i* 8 picture comm&s4 ,9 ! =egr\nd ( a quiet ,umbrian l&scape is a m>ble balcony1 on ! rail+ ( :i* sit two captivat+ little boy *ori/]s4 ,"o rogui% fell[ pipes on a trumpet1 :ile ! o!r1 8 face tip-tilt$ to ! heav5ly vision1 makes music on a small guit>4 ,above1 on a cl\d1 sits ! ,virg91 ) ! sweet1 my/ic smile on h] face1 s *>act]i/ic ( ,umbrian art4 ,%e supports h] babe ) h] "r arm1 & 9 h] left h& c>ries a lily /alk4 ,! *ild1 /&+ on 8 "m's knee & cl++ to h] neck1 turns 8 face out ) sweet e>ne/ness4 ,9 cl\ds at ! side1 t9y *]ubs be> tap]s1 :ile o!rs1 float+ above1 hold a l>ge cr[n j ov] h] head4 ,al?\gh we _c limit ?is /yle ( picture to any special locality1 x appe>s to h f\nd mu* favor 9 ! art ( ,nor!rn ,italy4 ,9 ! ,brescian s*ool1 ,moretto 0 unusually fond ( ! subject4 ,8 treatm5t ( ! !me is some:at heavy2 !re is little ( ! e!real 9 8 cele/ial vision1 ei!r 9 ! type ( womanhood or 9 ! /yle ( arrangem5t4 ,9 defiance ( ! law ( gravitation1 he poses 8 upp] figures s z to =m a solid pyramid1 wide at ! base1 & tap]+ abruptly to ! apex4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moretto4--,,madonna ,,9 ,,glory4 ,9 ! glorifi$ ,madonna ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 ,brescia1 ! pyramidal effect is acc5tuat$ by curta9s drap$ back on ei!r side ( ! upp] "p ( ! composition4 ,9 ! ,madonna ( ,san ,giorgio ,maggiore1 at ,v]ona1 we h a mu* m attractive picture4 ,! gloria encompass+ ! vision is cle>ly def9$1 giv+ s /rong an effect ( ! sup]natural t we cease to judge ! composition by ord9>y /&>ds ( natural law4 ,! ,virg9's :ite veil flutt]s f h] head z if caught by "s heav5ly breeze4 ,h] cloak floats ab\t h] by ! same my/]i\s =ce1 held 9 graceful fe/oons by w+$ *]ub heads4 ,bel[ is a gr\p ( five virg9 m>tyrs1 ) ,/4 ,cecilia 9 ! c5tre1 we>+ a cr[n ( roses2 ,/4 ,lucia holds ! awl1 ! in/rum5t ( h] torture1 look+ d[n at ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 :o leans aga9/ h] t]rible :eel2 ,/4 ,agnes1 on ! o!r side1 reads quietly f a book :ile %e c>esses h] lamb1 & ,/4 ,b>b>a /&s beh9d h]1 ) eyes lift$ to ! sky4 ,!y are all spl5did "y ,amazons1 recall+ ,moretto's f9e ,/4 ,ju/9a ( ! ,vi5na ,gall]y4 ,!re is no trace ( ascetism 9 _! /rong1 well-develop$ figures1 & 9 _! faces no sugge/ion ( an unheal?y pietism4 ,moretto's ideals 7 an anticipation ( ! mo/ advanc$ ideas ( ! mod]n sci5ce ( physical culture4 ,8 ,madonna & sa9ts d]ive _! beauty nei!r f ov] ref9em5t on ! "o h&1 nor f s5su\s *>ms on ! o!r1 b f sane & h>moni\s self-developm5t4 ,! ,b]l9 ,gall]y conta9s a ?ird glorifi$ ,madonna by ! same pa9t]1 treat$ z a ,holy ,family4 ,/4 ,elizabe? sits beside ! ,virg91 :o holds h] own boy on h] "r side1 :ile b5d+ to embrace ! little ,/4 ,john ) ! left arm4 ,s l>ge a gr\p is n appropriately treat$ 9 ?is way1 yet ! picture is s f9e a "w ( art z to dis>m criticism4 ,/ill ano!r repres5tative ( ! ,brescian s*ool mu/ be consid]$ 9 ! p]son ( ,savoldo4 ,born ( a noble family1 & foll[+ pa9t+ z an amusem5t r ?an z an actual pr(ession1 8 works are r>e1 & "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( 8 art is ! ,glorification ( ! ,virg91 9 ! ,br]a ,gall]y1 at ,milan4 ,! m&orla-%ap$ glory surr\nds ! ,virg9's figure1 /udd$ ) fa9tly disc]n$ *]ub heads4 ,on ei!r side1 a musical angel is 9 adoration2 f\r sa9ts /& on ! e>? bel[4 ,! entire conception is r5d]$ ) ! utmo/ delicacy3 ! grace & beauty ( ! ,madonna are ( exactly ! quality to make h] appe>ance a beatific vision4 ,f ,brescia we turn to ,v]ona1 :]e we aga9 f9d _m pictures ( ! beautiful subject4 ,!re are1 9 ! *ur*es ( ,v]ona1 at lea/ ?ree notable works1 by ,gianfrancesco ,c>oto1 9 ?is /yle4 ,"o is 9 ,sant' ,ana/asia1 ano!r is 9 ,san ,giorgio1 & ! ?ird--! arti/'s be/ exi/+ "w--is 9 ,san ,f]mo ,maggiore1 & %[s ! ,virg9's "m1 ,/4 ,anne1 seat$ ) h] 9 ! cl\ds4 ,girolamo dai ,libri 0 a few ye>s y\ng] ?an ,c>oto1 & at "o p]iod 01 to "s ext5t1 an imitator ( ! latt]4 ,beg9n+ z a m9iaturi/1 he f9ally atta9$ a high place among ! ,v]onese arti/s ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,8 *>act]i/ics c n[h]e be se5 to bett] advantage ?an 9 ! ,madonna ( ,/4 ,&rew & ,/4 ,pet]1 9 ! ,v]ona ,gall]y4 ,! ,virg9 is 9 an oval glory1 edg$ all ar\nd ) small1 fleecy cl\ds4 ,%e has a beautiful1 matronly face1 ) abundant hair1 smoo?ly bru%$ ov] h] =ehead4 ,! two apo/les1 bel[1 are f9e1 /rong figures1 full ( virility4 ,mor&o1 or ,cavazzola1 01 d\btless1 ! mo/ gift$ ( ! old] s*ool ( ,v]ona1 possess+ "s ( ! be/ qualities ( ! lat] ma/]1 ,paolo ,v]onese4 ,we %\ld n leave ! s*ool1 !re=e1 )\t m5tion+ a rem>kable contribution he add$ to ?is class ( pictures 9 8 late/ alt>-piece4 ,"h ! upp] air is fill$ ) a sacr$ company1 ! ,virg9 & *ild are att5d$ by ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,an?ony1 & surr\nd$ by sev5 allegorical figures to repres5t ! c>d9al virtues4 ,bel[ are six sa9ts1 specially honor$ 9 ! ,franciscan ,ord]4 ,! picture is call$ ! f9e/ production ( ! s*ool 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! ,v5etian s*ool1 ,titian & ,t9toretto bo? pa9t$ ! subject ( ! ,madonna 9 glory1 b ! pictures are n notable comp>$ ) _m o!rs f _! h&s4 ,f ! ,nor? ( ,italy we naturally turn next to ! ,s\?1 to inquire :at ,raphael 0 do+ at ! same p]iod 9 ,rome4 ,occupi$ by _m great works "u ! papal patronage1 he /ill f\nd "t = 8 favorite subject ( ! ,madonna1 pa9t+ "s pictures 9 ! /yles already ma/]$1 & two = ! fir/ "t 9 ! /yle ( ! ,madonna 9 ! sky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spani% ,,s*ool4--,,madonna ,,on ,,! ,,cresc5t ,,moon4 ,! fir/ 0 ! ,foligno ,madonna1 n[ 9 ! ,vatican ,gall]y4 ,x 0 pa9t$ 9 #aeaa = ! pope's secret>y1 ,sigismund ,conti1 z a ?ank-(f]+ = hav+ escap$ ! dang] ( a fall+ meteor at ,foligno4 ,no ?\ghtful obs]v] c be sl[ to recognize ! sup]iority ( ?is composition ov] all o!rs ( its k9d 9 po9t ( unity4 ,"h is no =mal r[ ( sa9ts1 ea* absorb$ 9 8 or h] own reflections1 ap>t f any common purpose4 ,on ! contr>y1 all unite 9 pay+ honor to ! ,que5 ( ,heav54 ,n less sup]ior to 8 contempor>ies 0 ! pa9t]'s skill 9 arrang+ ! figures ( ,"m & *ild ) su* grace ( equilibrium t !y seem to float 9 ! upp] air4 ,9 ! ,si/9e ,madonna1 ,raphael c>ri$ ?is =m ( composition to ! highe/ p]fection4 ,s simple & app>5tly un/udi$ is its beauty1 t we d n realize ! ma/]l9ess ( its art4 ,we seem to be /&+ be=e an alt>1 or1 bett] /ill1 be=e an op5 w9d[1 f :i* ! curta9s h be5 drawn aside1 all[+ u to look directly into ! heav5 ( heav5s4 ,a cl\d ( *]ub faces fills ! air1 f ! mid/ ( :i*1 & advanc+ t[>ds u1 is ! ,virg9 ) h] *ild4 ,! d[nw>d =ce ( gravity is p]fectly c\nt]balanc$ by ! vital en]gy ( h] progress =w>d4 ,!re is "h no uncom=table s5se1 on ! "p ( ! spectator1 t natural law is disreg>d$4 ,:ile ! seat$ ,madonna 9 glory seems (t5 9 dang] ( fall+ to e>?1 ?is full-l5g? figure 9 motion avoids any su* solidity ( effect4 ,! figures on ei!r side are also s pos$ z to ar\se no surprise at _! pres5ce4 ,we %\ld h said be=eh& t heavy pontifical robes w\ld be absurdly incongru\s 9 su* a composition1 b ,raphael solves ! problem s simply t few w\ld suspect ! difficulties4 ,! f9al t\* ( beauty is add$ 9 ! *]ub heads bel[1 recall+ ! naive *>m ( ! simil> figures 9 ! ,umbrian picture we h consid]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b\gu]eau4--,,madonna ,,( ,,! ,,angels4 ,aft] ! "t ( ,raphael1 a pretty =m ( ,madonna 9 glory 0 occasionally pa9t$1 %[+ ! ,virg9 ) h] babe sitt+ above ! cresc5t moon4 ,! conception appe>s m ?an once 9 ! pa9t+s ( ,alb]t ,du]]1 & lat]1 arti/s ( all s*ools adopt$ x4 ,sass(]rato's picture 9 ! ,vatican ,gall]y is a popul> example4 ,t9toretto's1 9 ,b]l91 is n s well kn[n4 ,9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y is a "w1 by an unkn[n ,spani% pa9t] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 diff]+ f ! o!rs 9 t ! ,virg9 is /&+1 z 9 ! (t-repeat$ ,spani% pictures ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,x is ( pictures l ?is t our poet ,longfell[ is speak+1 :5 he ?us apo/rophizes ! ,virg93 ,?\ pe]less que5 ( air1 ,z s&als to ?y feet ! silv] moon do/ we>4 ,! enski$ ,madonna involves _m te*nical difficulties ( composition1 & dem&s a high ord] ( arti/ic imag9ation4 ,x c\ld h>dly be call$ a frequ5t subject 9 ! p]iod ( greate/ arti/ic d>+1 & no mod]n pa9t] has %[n any adequate und]/&+ ( ! subject1 ?\gh !re are n lack+ ^? :o h made ! attempt4 ,bod5haus51 ,defregg]1 ,b\gu]eau1 h all foll[$ ,raphael 9 repres5t+ ! ,que5 ( ,heav5 z a full-l5g? figure 9 ! sky2 b _! conception has n ! dignity correspond+ to ! /yle ( treatm5t4 ,impati5t & dissatisfi$ ) su* mod]n art1 we turn back to ! old ma/]s ) new appreciation ( _! great gifts4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,pa/oral ,,madonna4 ,x 0 _m c5turies be=e art1 at fir/ devot$ exclusively to figure pa9t+1 turn$ to ! /udy ( natural sc5]y4 ,?us x 0 t ,madonna pictures1 ( v>i\s k9ds1 _h long be5 e/abli%$ 9 popul> favor be=e ! idea ( a l&scape sett+ 0 introduc$4 ,we ne$ n look = int]e/+ pictures ( ?is class be=e ! latt] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & x 0 n until ! sixte5? t ! pa/oral ,madonna1 9 its highe/ =m1 0 fir/ produc$4 ,ev5 !n !re 0 no great numb] :i* %[ a really sympa!tic love ( nature4 ,9 ! ideal pa/oral1 ! l&scape entirely fills ! picture1 & ! figures are1 z x 71 an integral "p ( x4 ,su* pictures are s r>e t we write 9 gold5 lett]s ! names ( ! few :o h giv5 u ^! treasures4 ,raphael's ju/ly comes fir/ 9 ! li/4 ,8 e>lie/ ,madonnas %[ 8 love ( natural sc5]y1 9 ! *>m+ glimpses ( ,umbrian l&scape1 :i* =m ! backgr\nd4 ,^! are treat$1 z ,mu5tz po9ts out1 ) m>k$ simplicity ( outl9e & bread? ( design4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 b ! beg9n+ ( ! great ?+s t 7 to foll[4 ,! "y pa9t]'s soj\rn 9 ,flor5ce witness$ a m>vell\s developm5t ( 8 p[]s4 ,"h he 0 surr\nd$ by ! greate/ arti/s ( 8 "t1 & he 0 quick to absorb into himself some?+ ( excell5ce f !m all4 ,8 f]tility ( production 0 amaz+4 ,9 a p]iod ( f\r ye>s 7#aejd-aejh71 int]rupt$ by visits to ,p]ugia & ,urb9o1 he produc$ ab\t tw5ty ,madonnas1 9 :i* we may trace ! new influ5ces affect+ him4 ,leon>do da ,v9ci 01 d\btless1 8 greate/ inspiration1 & x 0 f ?is ma/]-/ud5t ( nature t ! "y man le>n$1 ) new en?usiasm1 ! value ( go+ directly to ,nature h]self4 ,! fruit ( ?is new /udy is a gr\p ( lovely pa/oral ,madonnas1 :i* are entirely unique z ,nature idyls4 ,?ree ( ^! are among ! _w's great favorites4 ,!y are1 ! ,belle ,j>d9i]e 7,! ,beautiful ,g>d5]71 ( ! ,l\vre ,gall]y1 ,p>is2 ! ,madonna 9 ,gru55 7,! ,madonna 9 ! ,mead[71 9 ! ,belv$]e ,gall]y1 ,vi5na2 & ! ,c>dell9o ,madonna 7,! ,madonna ( ! ,goldf9*71 ( ! ,uffizi1 ,flor5ce4 ,we turn f "o to ano!r ( ^! ?ree beautiful pictures1 always 9 d\bt z to :i* is ! greate/4 ,=tunately1 x is a "q :i* !re is no occasion to decide1 z e lov] ( art may be ! happy possessor ( all ?ree1 9 t highe/ mode ( possession atta9$ by devot$ /udy4 ,9 ea* "o we h ! typical ,tuscan l&scape1 fill+ ! :ole picture ) its tranquil beauty4 ,! glad gre5 e>? blossoms ) da9ty fl[]s2 ! fair blue sky above is reflect$ 9 ! placid surface ( a lake4 ,f its %ores rise g5tly undulat+ hills1 :]e t[]s %[ ! signs ( happy activity4 ,9 ! =egr\nd ( ?is peaceful sc5e sits a beautiful woman ) two *>m+ *ildr5 at h] knee4 ,!y belong to ! l&scape z naturally z ! trees & fl[]s2 !y p>take ( its tranquil1 placid happ9ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,raphael4--,,madonna ,,9 ,,! ,,mead[4 ,almo/ id5tical 9 g5]al /yle ( composition1 ! ?ree pictures %[ _m po9ts ( dissimil>ity :5 we come to a clos] /udy ( ! figures4 ,consid]$ z a type ( womanly beauty1 ! ,belle ,j>d9i]e is p]haps ! mo/ commonplace ( ! ?ree ,virg9s1 or1 to put x negatively1 ! lea/ attractive4 ,%e is di/9ctly ( ! peasant class1 g5tle1 amiable1 & entirely unassum+4 ,! ,madonna 9 ! ,mead[ is a matur] woman1 m dignifi$1 m beautiful4 ,! smoo? braids ( h] hair are coil$ ab\t ! head1 acc5tuat+ its lovely outl9e4 ,! fall+ mantle reveals ! f9ely modell$ %\ld]s4 ,! ,madonna ( ! ,goldf9* is a /ill high] type ( lovel9ess1 unit+ ) g5tle dignity a c]ta9 delicate1 high-br$ grace1 :i* ,raphael alone c\ld imp>t4 ,h] face is *>m+ly fram$ 9 ! s(t hair :i* falls mode/ly ab\t x4 ,"o wond]s if any mod]n coiffeur c\ld inv5t s _m /yles ( hair dress+ z does ?is gift$ "y pa9t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,turn+ f ! "m to ! *ildr51 we f9d ! same g5]al types repeat$ 9 ! ?ree pictures1 b ) "s diff]5ce ( motif4 ,! ,*ri/-*ild ( ! ,belle ,j>d9i]e is look+ up fondly to 8 "m4 ,9 ! ,vi5na picture he is eag]ly int]e/$ 9 ! cross :i* ! little ,/4 ,john gives him4 ,9 ! ,uffizi picture he is m s]i\s1 & /rokes ! goldf9* ) an air ( ab/raction1 m$itat+ on ! holy ?+s 8 "m has be5 read+ to him4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! ?ree figures is ! same 9 all ! pictures1 & is s entirely simple t we =get ! greatness ( ! art4 ,! ,virg91 dom9at+ ! composition1 br+s into unity ! two small] figures4 ,?is unity is some:at less p]fect 9 ! ,belle ,j>d9i]e1 because ! little ,/4 ,john is almo/ neglect$ 9 ! int5se absorption ( "m & *ild 9 ea* o!r4 ,once aga91 9 ! lat] days at ,rome1 ,raphael recurr$ to ! pa/oral ,madonna type ( ?is ,flor5t9e p]iod1 & pa9t$ ! picture kn[n z ! ,casa ,alba ,madonna4 ,we h aga9 ! same smil+ l&scape & ! same *>m+ *ildr51 b a ,virg9 ( an altoge!r new ord]4 ,a turban$ ,roman beauty ( sup]b1 ,juno-l physique1 %e does n belong to ! idyllic "* ( h] surr\nd+s4 ,x is z if "s brilliant exotic _h be5 transplant$ f h] native haunts to quiet fields1 :]e hi!rto ! mode/ lily _h bloom$ alone4 ,z ,raphael's fir/ inspiration = ! pa/oral ,madonna came f ! influ5ce ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 x is ( int]e/ to comp>e 8 "w ) t ( ! great ,lomb>d himself4 ,critics tell u t ! ,madonna pictures 9 :i* he came ne>e/ to 8 model are ! ,madonna 9 ! ,mead[ & ! ,holy ,family ( ! ,lamb4 7,madrid47 ,^! we may place beside ! ,madonna ( ! ,rocks1 :i* is ! only entirely au!ntic ,da ,v9ci ,madonna :i* we h4 ,x is only ! skill$ connoisseur :o1 9 travell+ f ,p>is to ,vi5na1 & f ,vi5na to ,madrid1 c hold 9 memory ! qualities ( te*nique :i* l9k toge!r ! ?ree pictures2 b = g5]al *>act]i/ics ( composition1 ! black & :ite reproductions may suffice4 ,leon>do avail$ himself ( 8 intimate k ( ,nature to *oose f h] /oreh\se some?+ :i* is unique r ?an typical4 ,! rock grotto d\btless has a real c\nt]p>t1 b we mu/ g f> to f9d x4 ,9 ! riv]1 gleam+ beyond1 we see ! pa9t]'s *>act]i/ic treatm5t ( wat]1 :i* ,raphael 0 glad to adopt4 ,! triangul> arrangem5t ( ! figures1 ! relation ( ! ,virg9 to ! *ildr51 ! simple1 *ildi% beauty ( ! latt]1 & _! attitude t[>ds ea* o!r--all ^! po9ts sugge/ ! s\rce ( ,raphael's simil> conceptions4 ,! ,virg9's hair falls ov] h] %\ld]s entirely unb\nd1 9 g5tle1 wav+ ripples4 ,illu/ration3 ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci4--,,madonna ,,( ,,! ,,rocks4 ,we d n ne$ to be told1 ?\gh ! hi/orian has tak5 pa9s to record x1 t a feature ( p]sonal beauty by :i* ,leon>do 0 always greatly pleas$ 0 curl$ & wav+ hair4 ,we see x 9 ! fir/ t\* ( 8 h& :51 z a boy 9 ! work%op ( ,v]ro*io1 he pa9t$ ! wavy-hair$ angel 9 8 ,ma/]'s ,baptism2 & "h1 aga91 9 ! ,virg91 we f9d x ! cr[n+ elem5t ( h] my/]i\s lovel9ess4 ,we try 9 va9 to p5etrate ! secret ( h] smile1--x is z evasive z x is en*ant+4 ,& h]e9 lies ! di/+ui%+ diff]5ce betwe5 ,leon>do & ,raphael4 ,! =m] is always my/]i\s & subtle2 ! latt] is always frank & +5u\s4 ,:ile bo? are true int]pret]s ( nature1 ,leon>do reveals ! r>e & inexplicable1 ,raphael *ooses ! typical & famili>4 ,bo? are possess$ ( a /rong s5se ( ! h>mony ( nature ) human life4 ,! smile ( ! ,virg9 ( ! ,rocks is a "p ( ! my/]y ( h] %ad[y environm5t2#b ! s]5ity ( ! ,madonna 9 ! ,mead[ belongs to ! atmosph]e ( ! op5 fields4 ,footnote #b3 ,t ! ,leon>desque smile requires a ,leon>desque sett+ is se51 ,i ?9k1 9 ! pictures by ,da ,v9ci's imitators4 ,! ,madonna by ,sodoma1 rec5tly add$ to ! ,br]a ,gall]y at ,milan1 is an example 9 po9t4 ,"h ! inevitable smile ( my/]y seems mean+less 9 ! sunny1 op5 l&scape4 ,among o!rs :o 7 affect$ by ! influ5ce ( ,leon>do--& *ief ( ! ,lomb>ds--0 ,lu9i4 ,8 pa/oral ,madonna has1 h[ev]1 little 9 common ) ! l&scapes ( 8 ma/]1 judg+ f ! lovely example 9 ! ,br]a4 ,! gr\p ( figures is /rik+ly sugge/ive ( ,da ,v9ci1 b ! quiet1 rural pa/ure 9 :i* ! ,virg9 sits is ,lu9i's own4 ,9 ! di/ance is a ?ick clump ( trees1 f9ely drawn 9 /em & bran*4 ,at "o side is a %eph]d's hut ) a flock ( %eep graz+ ne>4 ,! *ild ,jesus rea*es f 8 "m's lap to play ) ! lamb :i* ! little ,/4 ,john has br\ght1 a motif simil> to ,raphael's ,madrid picture1 & p]haps due1 9 bo? pa9t]s1 to ! example ( ,leon>do4 ,x is said by ! le>n$ t dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance ! love ( nature receiv$ an imm5se impulse f ! revival ( ! ,lat9 poets1 & t ?is impulse 0 felt mo/ 9 ! l>ge cities4 ,9 ! pictures not$1 we h se5 its effect 9 ,flor5t9e & ,lomb>d art2 t x 0 also felt 9 isolat$ places1 we may see 9 "s ( ,correggio's "w at ,p>ma1 at ab\t ! same "t4 ,two1 at lea/1 ( 8 ,madonna pictures are z fam\s = _! beautiful l&scapes z = ! r>e grace & *>m ( _! figures4 ,^! are ! kneel+ ,madonna1 ( ! ,uffizi1 & ,la ,z+>ella1 at ,naples4 ,bo? %[ a p]fect adaptation ( ! surr\nd+s to ! _s ( ! sc5e4 ,9 ! fir/ x is morn+1 & ! gladness ( ,nature reflects ! ,"m's raptur\s joy 9 h] awak5+ babe4 ,a brilliant light floods ! figures 9 ! =egr\nd & melts across ! gre5 slopes into ! hazy di/ance ( ! sea-b\nd horizon4 ,9 ! second x is twilight1 & a calm /illness broods ov] all1 z "u ! fea!ry palms ! ,"m b5ds1 wat*ful1 ov] h] little "o's slumb]s4 ,su* 7 ! revelations ( ,nature to ! c\ntry-br$ pa9t] f ! little t[n ( ,correggio4 ,turn+ n[ to ,v5ice = our la/ examples1 we f9d t ! love ( natural sc5]y 0 rem>kably /rong 9 ?is city ( wat] & sky1 :]e ! v abs5ce ( v]dure may h creat$ a homesick long+ = ! gre5 fields4 ,x 0 ,v5etian art :i* orig9at$ t =m ( pa/oral ,madonna kn[n z ! ,santa ,conv]sazione4 ,?is is usually a long1 n>r[ picture1 %[+ a gr\p ( sacr$ p]sonages1 aga9/ a l&scape sett+1 c5t]+ ab\t ! ,madonna & *ild4 ,! composition has none ( ! =mality ( ! en?ron$ ,madonna4 ,an und]ly+ unity ( purpose & action b9ds all ! figures toge!r 9 natural & h>moni\s relations4 ,! ackn[l$g$ lead] ( ?is /yle ( composition--! inv5tor inde$1 accord+ to _m--0 ,palma ,vec*io4 ,x is curi\s t ( a pa9t] ^: works are s widely admir$1 almo/ no?+ is kn[n4 ,ev5 ! traditions :i* once l5t color to 8 life h be5 %att]$ by ! ru?less h& ( ! mod]n inve/igator4 ,! span ( 8 life ext5d$ f #adhj to #aebh4 ,?us he came at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury made glori\s by ,titian1 & contribut$ n a little 9 8 own way to its glory4 ,x is suppos$ t he /udi$ "u ,giovanni ,bell9i1 & at "o "t 0 a fri5d & colleague ( ,lor5zo ,lotto4 ,a *ild ( ! m\nta9s--= he 0 born 9 ,s]9alta--he nev] entirely lo/ ! influ5ce ( 8 e>ly surr\nd+s4 ,to ! la/ 8 figures are grave1 vigor\s1 sometimes almo/ rude1 p>tak+ ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ev]la/+ hills4 ,p]haps x 0 ^! traits :i* made ! ,santa ,conv]sazione a favorite composition ) him4 ,he has an int5se love ( ,nature 9 h] mo/ luxuriant mood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,palma ,,vec*io4--,,santa ,,conv]sazione4 ,= a collection ( ,palma's pictures1 we %\ld *oose at lea/ f\r to repres5t 8 treatm5t ( ! ,santa ,conv]sazione3 ^? at ,naples1 ,dresd51 ,muni*1 & ,vi5na4 ,! ,naples picture is consid]$ ! mo/ successful ( ,palma's l>ge pictures ( ?is k9d1 b x is n easy = ! less critical obs]v] to *oose a favorite among ! f\r4 ,"o g5]al =mula describes !m all3 a sunny l&scape ) hills clad 9 _! gre5e/ g>b2 a tree 9 ! =egr\nd1 b5ea? :i* sits ! ,virg91 a comely1 c\ntry-br$ matron1 :o seems to h drawn h] spl5did vigor f ! cle>1 bright air4 ,on h] lap %e supports a sprightly little boy1 :o is ! c5tre ( att5tion4 ,9 ! simpl] compositions ! ,madonna is at ! left1 & at ! "r kneel or sit two sa9ts4 ,"o is a h&some "y ru/ic1 unkempt & r\ghly clad1 sometimes figur+ z ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 & sometimes z ,/4 ,ro*4 ,) him is contra/$ a beautiful "y female sa9t1 usually ,/4 ,ca!r9e4 ,:]e ! composition includes o!r figures1 ! ,virg9 is 9 ! c5tre1 ) ! att5dant p]sonages symmetrically gr\p$ on ei!r side4 ,9 ! ,vi5na picture ! two additional figures at ! left are ! ag$ ,/4 ,cele/9 & a f9e ,/4 ,b>b>a4 ,( all s*ools ( pa9t+1 ! ,v5etian is ! lea/ translatable into black & :ite1 s ri* 9 colors is ! palette :i* compos$ x4 ,?is is especially true ( ,palma1 & to und]/& aright 8 ,santa ,conv]sazione1 we mu/ read into x ! h>mony ( colors :i* x expresses1 ! *ords ( blue1 r$1 br[n1 & gre51 ! %imm]+ lights & brilliant atmosph]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,filipp9o ,,lippi4--,,madonna ,,9 ,a ,,rose ,,g>d54 ,! subject ( ! ,santa ,conv]sazione %\ld n be left )\t a brief ref]5ce to o!r ,v5etians1 :o add$ to ! popul>ity ( ?is *>m+ /yle ( picture4 ,b]5son m5tions sev5 by ,palma's pupil1 ,bonifazio ,v]onese1 & "o by 8 fri5d1 ,lor5zo ,lotto4 ,cima1 ,c>iani1 ,p>is ,bordone1 & la/1 b n lea/1 ! great ,titian1#c l5t _! gifts to ! subject1 s t we h abundant evid5ce ( ! ,v5etian love ( natural sc5]y4 ,x rema9s to consid] "o m =m ( ! pa/oral ,madonna1 t :i* repres5ts ! ,virg9 & *ild 9 a g>d5 inclos$1 9 allusion to ! symbolism ( ,solomon's ,song 7#d3ab74 ,! subject is f\nd among ! woodcuts ( ,alb]t ,du]]1 b ,i h nev] se5 x 9 any ,g]man pa9t+4 ,footnote #c3 ,see p>ticul>ly ,titian's works 9 ! ,l\vre1 ( :i* ! ,vi]ge au ,lap9 is an especially *>m+ pa/oral4 ,9 ,italian art !re are two fam\s pictures ( ?is class3 by ,francia1 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y1 & by ,filipp9o ,lippi 7or s attribut$71 9 ! ,pitti1 at ,flor5ce4 ,9 bo? ! motif is ! same3 9 ! =egr\nd1 a squ>e inclosure surr\nd$ by a rose-h$ge1 ) a hilly l&scape 9 ! di/ance2 ! ,virg9 kneel+ be=e h] *ild 9 ! c5tre4 ,filipp9o ,lippi's is "o ( ^? pictures ^: beauty attracts cr[ds ( admir]s to ! canvas4 ,copyi/s are kept busy1 repeat+ ! composition = eag] pur*as]s1 & x has made its way all ov] ! _w4 ,! circle ( graceful angels :o1 ) ! boy ,/4 ,john1 jo9 ! "m 9 ador+ ! ,*ri/-*ild1 is "o ( ! *ief attractions ( ! picture4 ,x is a pretty conceit t "o ( ^! angels %[]s rose leaves ^u ! babe4 ,! pa/oral ,madonna is ! sort ( picture :i* c nev] be outgr[n4 ,! *>m ( nature is z p]5nial z is ! beauty ( mo!rhood1 & ! two are always 9 h>mony4 ,"h1 !n1 is a prop] subject = mod]n ,madonna art1 a field :i* has sc>cely be5 op5$ by ! arti/s ( our own day4 ,su* pa/oral ,madonnas z h be5 pa9t$ )9 rec5t ye>s are all m or less artificial 9 conception4 ,comp>$ ) ! idyllic *>m ( ! sixte5? c5tury pictures1 !y seem l pretty sc5es 9 a well-m\nt$ op]a4 ,we are look+ = bett] ?+s4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,a ,,home ,,environm5t4 ,a subject s sacr$ z ! ,madonna 0 long held 9 too great rev]5ce to p]mit ( any common or reali/ic treatm5t4 ,! pa/oral sett+ br\ght ! "m & h] babe into some:at clos] & m human relations ?an _h be=e be5 deem$ possible2 b art 0 sl[ to presume any fur!r ^u ?is famili>ity4 ,! ,madonna z a dome/ic subject1 repres5t$ 9 ! int]ior ( h] home1 0 hesitat+ly adopt$1 & has be5 s r>ely treat$1 ev5 d[n to our own times1 z to =m b a small gr\p ( pictures 9 ! great body ( art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s*ongau]4--,,holy ,,family4 ,! ,nor!rn pa9t]s naturally l$ ! way4 ,peculi>ly home-lov+ 9 _! ta/es1 _! ideal woman is ! hausfrau1 & x 0 ) !m no l[]+ ( ! ,madonna's dignity to repres5t h] 9 ?is capacity4 ,a picture 9 ! /yle ( ,qu5t9 ,massys hangs 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y1 & %[s a ,flemi% b$room ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,at ! left /&s ! b$1 & on ! "r burns ! fire1 ) a kettle hang+ ov] x4 ,! ,virg9 sits alone ) h] babe at h] brea/4 ,m frequ5tly a dome/ic sc5e ( ?is sort includes o!r figures belong+ to ! ,holy ,family4 ,a typical ,g]man example is ! picture by ,s*ongau] 9 ! ,belv$]e ,gall]y at ,vi5na4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ 9 homely surr\nd+s1 int5t ^u a bun* ( grapes :i* %e holds 9 h] h&s1 & :i* %e has tak5 f a basket /&+ on ! floor beside h]4 ,long1 wav+ hair falls ov] h] %\ld]s2 a sn[y k]*ief is fold$ primly 9 ! neck ( h] dress2 %e is ! imp]sonation ( virg9 mode/y4 ,h] baby boy /&s on h] lap1 ne/l+ aga9/ 8 "m2 8 eyes fix$ on ! fruit1 8 eag] little face gl[+ ) pleasure4 ,beyond are se5 ! cattle1 :i* ,joseph is fe$+4 ,he pauses at ! door1 a bundle ( hay 9 8 arms1 to look 9 ) fond pride at 8 "y wife & h] *ild4 ,s*ongau]'s "w belongs to ! latt] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & !re 0 no?+ simil> to x 9 ,italy at ! same p]iod4 ,x is true t ,madonnas 9 dome/ic sett+s h be5 attribut$ to contemporane\s ,italians1 b !y 7 probably by "s ,flemi% h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,raphael4--,,madonna ,,dell' ,,impannata4 ,giulio ,romano1 a pupil ( ,raphael1 0 p]haps ! fir/ ( ! ,italians to give any dome/ic t\* to ! subject ( ! ,madonna & *ild4 ,8 ,madonna della ,cat9a ( ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y is well kn[n4 ,x is s call$ f ! bas9 9 :i* ! ,*ri/-*ild /&s :ile ! little ,/4 ,john p\rs 9 wat] f a pit*] = ! ba?4 ,ano!r picture by ! same arti/ %[s ! ,madonna seat$ ) h] *ild 9 ! int]ior ( a b$*amb]4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! discov]ies ( ! late ,s5ator ,giovanni ,morelli1 ! critic1 & is 9 a private collection 9 ,dresd54 ,to ,giulio ,romano also1 accord+ to rec5t criticism1 is due ! dome/ic ,madonna kn[n z ! ,impannata1 & usually attribut$ to ,raphael4 ,x is probable t bo? arti/s _h a h& 9 x1 ! ma/] 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! composition1 ! pupil 9 its execution4 ,a b$ at "o side is conceal$ by a gre5 curta94 ,9 ! re> is ! clo?-cov]$ w9d[ :i* gives ! picture its "n4 ,elizabe? & ,m>y ,magdal5e h br\ght home ! *ild1 :o spr+s to 8 "m's arms1 smil+ back brightly at 8 fri5ds4 ,"o o!r ,madonna f ,raphael's bru% 7! ,orleans7 has an int]ior sett+1 b ! dome/ic environm5t "h is und\bt$ly ! "w ( "s ,flemi% pa9t] ( lat] date4 ,by ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! ,holy ,family 9 a home environm5t c be f\nd some:at m (t5 9 v>i\s localities4 ,by ! ,fr5* pa9t] ,mign>d !re is a well-kn[n picture 9 ! ,l\vre call$ ,la ,vi]ge a la ,grappe4 ,by ,f4 ,b>occi ( ,urb9o !re is an example 9 ! ,national ,gall]y kn[n z ! ,madonna del ,gatto1 9 :i* ! *ild holds a bird out ( ! rea* ( a cat4 ,a simil> motif1 c]ta9ly n a pleasant "o1 is se5 9 ,murillo's ,holy ,family ( ! ,bird1 9 ,madrid4 ,by ,salimb5i1 9 ! ,pitti1 is a ,holy ,family 9 an int]ior1 %[+ ! boy ,jesus & 8 c\s9 ,/4 ,john play+ ) puppies4 ,rembr&t's dome/ic ,madonna pictures1 equally homely z to environm5t1 are by no means sc5es ( hil>ity1 b r ( frugal cont5tm5t4 ,two simil> works be> ! title ( ,le ,m5age du ,m5uisi]--! ,c>p5t]'s ,home4 ,9 bo?1 ! sc5e is ! int]ior ( a common room devot$ to "w & h\sehold purposes4 ,joseph is se5 9 ! re> at 8 b5*1 :ile ! c5tral figures are ! "m & *ild4 ,9 ! ,l\vre picture1 ! ,virg9's "m is pres5t1 c>ess+ h] gr&*ild1 :o is held at 8 "m's brea/4 ,! composition at ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7,h]mitage ,gall]y7 is simpl]1 & %[s ! ,virg9 contemplat+ h] babe z he lies asleep 9 ! cradle4 ,ano!r well-kn[n picture by ,rembr&t is 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y1 :]e aga9 we h signs ( ! c>p5t]'s toil1 b :]e ! labor] has /opp$ = a mom5t to peep at ! babe1 :o has gone (f to dreaml& at 8 "m's brea/ & n[ sleeps sweetly 9 h] lap4 ,let ^? :o ?9k su* pictures too homely = a sacr$ !me comp>e !m ) ! simplicity ( ! ,gospels4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,madonnas ,,class$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,_! ,,significance ,,z ,,types ,,( ,,mo!rhood4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,( ,,love4 7,,! ,,mat] ,,amabilis47 ,und\bt$ly ! mo/ popul> ( all ,madonna subjects--c]ta9ly ! mo/ easily und]/ood--is ! ,mat] ,amabilis4 ,! "m's mood may be read at a glance3 %e is %[+ 9 "o ( a ?\s& t5d] ways h] mo!rly affection = h] *ild4 ,%e clasps him 9 h] arms1 hold+ him to h] brea/1 press+ h] face to 81 kiss+ him1 c>ess+ him1 or play+ ) him4 ,love is writt5 9 e l9e ( h] face2 love is ! key-note ( ! picture4 ,! /yle ( composition be/ adapt$ to su* a !me is manife/ly ! simple/4 ,! m =mal types ( ! en?ron$ & glorifi$ ,madonnas are ! lea/ suitable = ! display ( mat]nal affection1 :ile ! portrait ,madonna1 & ! ,madonna 9 l&scape or dome/ic sc5es1 are readily conceiv$ z ! ,mat] ,amabilis4 ,nev]!less1 ^! di/9ctions h n by any means be5 rigidly reg>d$ 9 art4 ,?is is manife/ 9 "s ( ! illu/rations 9 ,"p ,i41 z ! ,en?ron$ ,madonna1 by ,qu5t9 ,massys1 :]e ! "m kisses h] *ild1 & ,angelico's ,madonna 9 ,glory1 :]e %e holds him to h] *eek4 ,ga!r+ our examples f s _m me?ods ( composition1 we are 9 ! mid/ ( a multitude ( pictures :i* no man c numb]1 & :i* set =? e conceivable phase ( mo!rl9ess4 ,let u make ,raphael our />t+-po9t4 ,f ! same ma/] ^: influ5ce l$ him to ! /udy ( ext]nal nature1 he le>n$ also ! /udy ( human nature4 ,to ! int]pretation ( "m-love he br\ght all ! fre% ardor ( y\?1 & a sunny temp]am5t :i* saw only joy 9 ! face ( ,nature4 ,"o aft] ano!r ( ! s]ies ( 8 ,flor5t9e pictures gives u a new glimpse ( ! lov+ relation betwe5 "m & *ild4 ,! ,belle ,j>d9i]e gazes into h] boy's face 9 fond absorption4 ,! ,tempi ,madonna holds him to h] he>t1 press+ h] lips to 8 s(t *eek4 ,9 ! ,orleans & ,colonna pictures %e smiles indulg5tly into 8 eyes z he lies across h] lap1 pluck+ at ! bosom ( h] dress4 ,o!r pictures %[ ! two eag]ly read+ toge!r f ! ,book ( ,wisdom 7,! ,cone/abile & ,ansidei ,madonnas74 ,! pa9t]'s lat] "w ev9ces a gr[+ maturity ( ?\ght4 ,9 ! ,holy ,family ( ,francis ,i41 h[ /rong & t5d] is ! "m's attitude1 z %e /oops to lift h] *ild f 8 cradle2 9 ! ,*air ,madonna1 h[ protect+ is ! capaci\s embrace ) :i* %e ga!rs him to h]self 9 brood+ love4 ,no te*nical arti/ic education is necess>y = ! appreciation ( su* pictures4 ,all :o h kn[n a "m's love look & und]/&1 & look aga9 & are satisfi$4 ,correggio t\*es ! he>t 9 mu* ! same way2 he1 too1 saw ! _w ?r\gh rose-color$ glasses4 ,8 int]pretation ( life is full ( buoyant enjoym5t4 ,beside ! tranquil joy ( ,raphael's ideals1 8 figures express a tumultu\s gladness1 an ov]fl[+ gayety4 ,?is is ! m curi\s because ( ! s+ul> melan*oly :i* is attribut$ to him4 ,! out] circum/ances ( 8 life mov$ 9 a quiet groove :i* 0 almo/ humdrum4 ,he pass$ 8 days 9 comp>ative obscurity at ,p>ma1 f> f ! great art influ5ces ( 8 "t4 ,b isolation seem$ ! bett] to develop 8 r>e individuality4 ,he 0 ! ar*itect ( 8 own =tunes1 & wr\ght out indep5d5tly a /yle peculi> to himself4 ,8 mo/ fam\s ,madonna pictures are l>ge compositions1 cr[d$ ) figures ( extravagant attitudes & expression4 ,! fame ( ^! m pret5ti\s works re/s n s mu* ^u _! inn] significance z ^u _! spl5did te*nique4 ,!y are unsurpass$ = ma/]ly h&l+ ( color1 & = triumphs ( *i>oscuro4 ,!re are bett] qualities ( s5tim5t 9 ! small] pictures1 :]e ! "m is alone ) h] *ild4 ,x is "h t we f9d some?+ wor?y to comp>e ) ,raphael4 ,!re are sev]al ( ^!1 produc$ 9 rapid succession dur+ ! p]iod :5 ! arti/ 0 engag$ ^u ! frescoes ( ,s4 ,giovanni 7,p>ma71 & soon aft] m>riage _h op5$ 8 he>t to sweet1 dome/ic influ5ces4 ,! fir/ 0 ! ,uffizi picture1 s widely kn[n & lov$4 ,! "m has ga!r$ up h] mantle s t x cov]s h] head & drops at "o side on a /ep1 =m+ a s(t1 blue cu%ion = ! babe4 ,"h ! little d>l+ lies1 look+ up into 8 "m's face4 ,kneel+ on ! /ep bel[1 %e b5ds ov] him1 ) h] h&s playfully out/ret*$1 9 a transport ( mat]nal affection4 ,foll[+ ?is came ! picture n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 call$ ! ,madonna della ,ce/a1 f ! basket t lies on ! gr\nd4 ,x is a dome/ic sc5e 9 ! out] air3 ! "m is dress+ h] babe1 & smil+ly arre/s 8 h&1 :i*1 on a sudd5 impulse1 he has /ret*$ t[>ds "s covet$ object4 ,! same face is almo/ exactly repeat$ 9 ! ,madonna ( ! ,h]mitage ,gall]y 7,/4 ,pet]sburg71 :o (f]s h] brea/ to h] boy1 at t mom5t turn+ ab\t to receive "s fruit pres5t$ by a *ild angel4 ,!re are two duplicates ( ?is picture 9 o!r gall]ies4 ,! ,z+>ella 7! ,gypsy7 is s call$ f ! gypsy turban worn by ! ,madonna4 ,! "m1 suppos$ to be pa9t$ f ! arti/'s wife1 sits ) ! *ild asleep on h] lap4 ,) mo!rly t5d]ness %e b5ds s closely ov] him t h] =ehead t\*es 8 little head4 ,x is un=tunate t ?is beautiful "w is n bett] kn[n4 ,x is 9 ! ,naples ,gall]y4 ,a comp>ison ( ^! pictures discloses a rem>kable v>iety 9 action & gr\p+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,madonnas are q simil> 9 g5]al type4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,z+>ella1 :o is ! mo/ mo!rly1 !y are all 9 a playful mood4 ,! same playfulness1 b ( a m sweet & mo!rly k9d1 lights ! face ( ! ,madonna della ,scala4 ,! composition is some:at 9 ! portrait /yle1 %[+ ! "m 9 half l5g?1 seat$ "u a sort ( canopy4 ,! babe cl+s closely to h] neck1 turn+ ab\t at ! spectator ) a glance half %y & half mis*iev\s4 ,8 coyness awak5s a smile ( t5d] amusem5t 9 ! g5tle1 "y face above him4 ,! picture has an int]e/+ hi/ory4 ,x 0 orig9ally pa9t$ 9 fresco ov] ! ea/]n gate ( ,p>ma1 :]e ,vas>i saw & admir$ x4 ,9 aft] ye>s1 ! wall :i* x decorat$ 0 incorporat$ into a small new *ur*1 ( :i* x =m$ ! re> wall4 ,to accommodate ! high level ( ! ,madonna1 ! build+ 0 some:at elevat$1 &1 be+ ent]$ by a flight ( /eps1 0 kn[n z ,s4 ,m>ia della ,scala 7( ! /aircase74 ,! "n atta*$ itself to ! picture ev5 aft] ! *ur* 0 de/roy$ 79 #ahab71 & ! fresco remov$ to ! t[n gall]y4 ,! m>ks ( defacem5t :i* x be>s are due to ! votive (f]+s :i* 7 =m]ly fa/5$ ^u x1--among !m1 a silv] cr[n worn by ! ,madonna z late z ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,?\gh su* sc>s injure its arti/ic beauty1 !y add n a little to ! romantic int]e/ :i* inve/s x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,correggio4--,,madonna ,,della ,,scala4 ,beside su* names z ,raphael & ,correggio1 hi/ory furni%es b "o o!r wor?y ( comp>ison = ! portrayal ( ! ,mat] ,amabilis--x is ,titian4 ,8 ,madonna is by no means uni=mly mo!rly4 ,!re are times :5 we look 9 va9 = any s(t5+ ( h] ari/ocratic features2 :5 h] /ately dignity seems q incompatible ) demon/rativ5ess4#d ,b :5 love melts h] he>t h[ graci\s is h] unb5d+1 h[ w9n+ h] smile6 ,once %e goes s f> z to play 9 ! fields ) h] little boy1 quiet+ a rabbit ) "o h& = him to admire4 7,la ,vi]ge au ,lap91 ,l\vre47 ,9 o!r pictures %e holds him ly+ across h] lap1 smil+ ?\ghtfully ^u him4 ,su* an "o is ! ,madonna ) ,/s4 ,ulfo & ,brigida1 9 ! ,madrid ,gall]y4 ,! *ild is tak+ ! fl[]s ,/4 ,brigida (f]s him1 & 8 "m looks d[n ) ! pleas$ expression ( fond pride4 ,aga91 :5 h] babe holds 8 two little h&s full ( ! roses 8 c\s9 ,/4 ,john has br\ght him1 %e smiles g5tly at ! eag]ness ( ! two *ildr54 7,uffizi ,gall]y47 ,footnote #d3 ,see ! ,madonna ( ! ,*]ries 9 ! ,belv$]e at ,vi5na1 & ! ,madonna & ,sa9ts 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,titian4--,,madonna ,,& ,,sa9ts4 7,,detail47 ,ano!r simil> composition reveals a /ill sweet] intimacy betwe5 "m & son4 ,! babe /ret*es out 8 h& coax+ly t[>ds 8 "m's brea/1 b %e draws h] veil ab\t h]1 g5tly d5y+ 8 appeal4 ,a m beautiful "m1 or a m bewit*+ babe1 x 7 h>d to f9d4 ,?ree f9e half-l5g? figures ( sa9ts complete ?is composition1 ea* ( great int]e/ & individuality1 b n necess>y to ! unity ( action--! ,madonna alone mak+ a complete picture4 ,!re are two copies ( ?is "w1 "o 9 ! ,belv$]e at ,vi5na1 & "o 9 ! ,l\vre at ,p>is4 ,! motif ( ?is picture is n unique 9 art1 z w h be5 rem>k$ 9 pass+4 ,! fir/ duty ( mat]nity1 & "o ( its pure/ joys1 is to su/a9 ! newborn life at ! "m's brea/4 ,a co>se int]pretation ( ! subject desecrates a holy %r9e1 :ile a delicate r5d]+1 su* z ,raphael's or ,titian's1 inve/s x ) a new beauty4 ,o!r pictures ( ?is class %\ld be m5tion$ 9 ! same connection4 ,!re is "o 9 ! ,h]mitage ,gall]y at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 attribut$ by late critics to ! little-kn[n pa9t]1 ,b]n>d9o de' ,conti4 ,! ,madonna's face1 h] hair drawn smoo?ly ov] h] temples1 has a beautiful matronl9ess4 ,/ill ano!r is ! ,madonna ( ! ,gre5 ,cu%ion1 by ,sol>io1 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,"h ! babe lies on a cu%ion be=e 8 "m1 :o b5ds ov] him ec/atically1 h] fair "y face agl[ ) mat]nal love z %e sees 8 cont5tm5t4 ,we h notic$ t 9 "o ( ,corregio's pictures ! babe lies asleep on 8 "m's lap4 ,x is int]e/+ to trace ?is pretty motif ?r\gh o!r works ( art4 ,no phase ( mo!rhood is m t\*+ ?an ! wat*ful c>e :i* gu>ds ! *ild :ile he sleeps2 nor is infancy ev] m appeal+ ?an 9 peaceful & innoc5t slumb]4 ,mrs4 ,br[n+ und]/ood ?is well1 :5 %e wrote h] beautiful poem int]pret+ ! ?\ghts ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y to ! ,*ild ,jesus4 ,hopes & fe>s1 joy & pity1 are alt]nately /irr$ 9 ! he>t ( ! wat*]1 z %e b5ds ov] ! t9y face1 scann+ e *ange t flits across x4 ,ea* v]se sugge/s a subject = a picture4 ,we %\ld naturally expect t ,raphael w\ld n ov]look s beautiful a !me z ! "m wat*+ h] sleep+ *ild4 ,nor are we disappo9t$4 ,! ,madonna ( ! ,diadem1 9 ! ,l\vre1 belongs to ?is class ( pictures4 ,l ! pa/oral ,madonnas ( ! ,flor5t9e p]iod1 x includes ! figure ( ! little ,/4 ,john1 to :om1 9 ?is in/ance1 ! pr\d "m is %[+ h] babe1 da9tily lift+ ! veil :i* cov]s 8 face4 ,! sev5te5? c5tury produc$ _m pictures ( ?is class2 among !m1 a beautiful "w by ,guido ,r5i1 9 ,rome1 des]ves m5tion1 be+ execut$ ) great] c>e ?an 0 usual ) him4 ,sass(]rato & ,c>lo ,dolce frequ5tly pa9t$ ! subject4 ,_! ,madonnas (t5 seem affect$1 n to say s5tim5tal1 aft] ! simpl] & nobl] types ( ! e>li] p]iod4 ,b n[h]e is _! peculi> sweetness m appropriate ?an beside a sleep+ babe4 ,! ,cors9i picture by ,c>lo ,dolce is an exquisite nurs]y sc5e4 ,its popul>ity dep5ds m1 p]haps1 ^u ! babe ?an ! "m4 ,l ,lady ,isobel's *ild 9 ano!r poem ( mo!rhood by ,mrs4 ,br[n+1 he sleeps-- ,fa/1 w>m1 z if its "m's smile1 ,lad5 ) love's dewy weight1 ,& r$ z rose ( ,h>pocrate1 ,dropt ^u its eyelids1 press$ ,la%es to *eek 9 a seal$ re/4 ,9 ,nor!rn ,madonna art1 ! ,mat] ,amabilis is ! preem95t subject4 ,?is fact is due p>tly to ! ,g]man !ological t5d5cy to subord9ate ! "m to h] div9e ,son1 b m especially to ! *>act]i/ic dome/icity ( ,teutonic peoples4 ,f ,van ,eyck & ,s*ongau]1 ?r\gh ,du]] & ,holbe91 d[n to ,rembr&t & ,rub5s1 we trace ?is /rongly m>k$ pr$ilection 9 e /yle ( composition1 reg>dless ( proprieties4 ,van ,eyck does n hesitate to occupy 8 ri*ly dress$ en?ron$ ,madonna at ,frank=t ) giv+ h] brea/ to h] babe1 & ,du]] portrays ! same mat]nal duties 9 ! ,virg9 on ! ,cresc5t ,moon4 ,holbe9's ,mey] ,madonna1 spl5did ) h] jewell$ cr[n1 is n less mo!rly ?an ,s*ongau]'s "y ,virg9 sitt+ 9 a rude /able4 ,rembr&t 9 humble ,dut* int]iors1 ,rub5s 9 num]\s ,holy ,families modell$ ^u ! ,flemi% life ab\t him always conceive ( ! ,virg9 ,"m z delight+ 9 h] mat]nal c>es4 ,z has be5 said ( ,du]]'s ,madonna1--& ! description applies equally well to _m o!rs 9 ! ,nor?1--,%e suckles h] son ) a calm feel+ ( happ9ess2 %e gazes ^u him ) admiration z he lies ^u h] lap2 %e c>esses him & presses him to h] bosom )\t a ?\ght :e!r x is becom+ to h]1 or :e!r %e is be+ admir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,d,ue,r,e,r4--,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,?is entire abs5ce ( pos+ on ! "p ( ! ,g]man ,virg9 is "o ( ! mo/ admirable elem5ts 9 ?is art4 ,?is *>act]i/ic is p]fectly illu/rat$ 9 ,du]]'s portrait ,madonna ( ! ,belv$]e ,gall]y1 at ,vi5na4 ,?is is an excell5t specim5 ( ! ma/]1 :o1 alone ( ! ,g]mans1 is consid]$ ! pe] ( 8 great ,italian contempor>ies4 ,frankly admir$ bo? by ,titian & ,raphael1 he has 9 common ) !m ! supreme gift ( see+ & reproduc+ natural human affections4 ,8 "w1 h[ev]1 is z ?or\ghly ,g]man z !irs is ,italian4 ,! ,madonna ( ?is picture has ! r\nd1 maid5ly face ( ! typical ,g]man ideal4 ,a transp>5t veil droops ov] ! fl[+ hair1 cov]$ by a blue drap]y above4 ,! "m holds h] *ild high 9 h] arms1 b5d+ h] face ov] him4 ,! babe is a beautiful little fell[1 full ( vivacity4 ,he holds up a pe> gleefully1 to meet 8 "m's smile4 ,! picture is pa9t$ ) great delicacy ( f9i%4 ,! ,mat] ,amabilis is ! subject p> excell5ce ( mod]n ,madonna art4 ,c>ry+ on its surface s mu* beauty & significance1 x is naturally attractive to all figure pa9t]s4 ,:ile o!r ,madonna subjects are too (t5 beyond ! compreh5sion ( ei!r ! arti/ or 8 patron1 ?is falls )9 ! range ( bo?4 ,! %op w9d[s are full ( pretty pictures ( ?is k9d1 9 all /yles ( treatm5t4 ,!re are ! portrait ,madonnas by ,gabriel ,max1 already m5tion$1 & pa/oral ,madonnas by ,b\gu]eau1 by ,c>l ,muell]1 by ,n4 ,b>ab9o1 & by ,dagnan-,b\v]et4 ,o!rs c>ry ! subject into ! m =mal compositions ( ! en?ron$ & enski$ ,madonnas1 be+1 z we h se51 n )\t illu/ri\s pr$ecessors among ! old ma/]s4 ,( ^! we h ,guay's ,mat] ,amabilis1 :]e ! "m leans f h] ?rone to support h] *ild1 play+ on ! /ep bel[ ) 8 c\s91 ,/4 ,john2 & ,m>y ,l4 ,macomb]'s picture1 :]e ! en?ron$ ,madonna folds h] babe 9 h] protect+ arms1 z if to %ield him f imp5d+ evil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bod5haus54--,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,by ,bod5haus5 we h ! extremely popul> ,mat] ,amabilis 9 ,gloria1 :]e a girli% "y "m1 h] long hair /ream+ ab\t h]1 /&s 9 upp] air1 pois$ above ! great ball ( ! e>?1 hold+ h] sweet babe to h] he>t4 ,pictures l ^! con/antly reit]ate ! /ory ( a "m's love--an old1 old /ory1 :i* beg9s aga9 ) e new bir?4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,,adoration4 7,,! ,,madre ,,pia47 ,! fir/ t5d] joys ( a "m's love are /rangely m+l$ ) awe4 ,h] babe is a preci\s gift ( ,god1 :i* %e receives into trembl+ h&s4 ,a new s5se ( responsibility presses ^u h] ) almo/ ov]:elm+ =ce4 ,h]s is ! highe/ honor giv5 unto woman2 %e accepts x ) solemn joy1 deem+ h]self all too unwor?y4 ,?is _s ( humility has be5 idealiz$ 9 art1 9 ! =m ( ,madonna kn[n z ! ,madre ,pia4 ,x repres5ts ! ,virg9 ,m>y ador+ h] son4 ,sometimes %e kneels be=e him1 sometimes %e sits ) clasp$ h&s1 hold+ him 9 h] lap4 ,:atev] ! v>iation 9 attitude1 ! ?\ght is ! same3 x is an expression ( t high]1 f9] aspect ( mo!rhood :i* reg>ds infancy z an object n only ( love1 b ( rev]5t humility4 ,x is a recognition ( ! great my/]y ( life :i* inve/s ev5 ! helpless babe ) a dignity comm&+ respect4 ,a picture ) s s]i\s an int5tion c nev] be widely und]/ood4 ,! mean+ is too subtile = ! casual obs]v]4 ,an outgr[? ( m$iaeval pietism1 x 0 sup]s$$ by m popul> subjects1 & has nev] s9ce be5 reviv$4 ,! subject _h its orig9 z an idealiz$ nativity1 set 9 pa/oral surr\nd+s :i* sugge/ ! ,be?lehem mang]4 ,!ologically x repres5t$ ! ,virg9 z ! fir/ wor%ipp] ( h] div9e ,son4 ,b ?\gh ! sacr$ my/]y ( ,m>y's exp]i5ce sets h] =ev] ap>t z bless$ among wom51 %e is ! type ( true mo!rhood 9 all g5]ations4 ,! ,madonna 9 ,adoration is1 prop]ly speak+1 a fifte5? c5tury subject4 ,x belongs prim>ily to t mo/ my/ic ( all s*ools ( art1 ! ,umbrian1 c5t]+ 9 ! t[n ( ,p]ugia4 ,n[h]e else 0 pa9t+ s di/9ctly an adjunct ( religi\s s]vices1 *iefly design$ to aid ! wor%ipp] 9 pray] & contemplation4 ,z an expon5t ( ! typical qualities ( ! ,p]ugian s*ool /&s ! arti/ :o is kn[n by its "n1 ,p]ug9o4 ,8 favorite subject is ! ,madre ,pia1 & 8 be/ picture ( ! k9d is ! ,madonna ( ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,hav+ once se5 h] "h1 ! travell] recognizes h] aga9 & aga9 9 o!r gall]ies1 9 ! _m replicas ( ?is *>m+ composition4 ,! ,madonna kneels 9 ! =egr\nd1 ador+ ) fold$ h&s ! *ild1 :o is support$ 9 a sitt+ po/ure on ! gr\nd1 by a gu>dian angel4 ,! ,virg9's face is full ( f]v5t & exalt$ emotion4 ,p]ug9o _h no direct imitator ( 8 ,madre ,pia1 b 8 ,bolognese admir] ,francia treat$ ! subject 9 a way t readily sugge/s ! s\rce ( 8 inspiration4 ,8 ,madonna ( ! ,rose ,g>d5 9 ,muni* in/antly recalls ,p]ug9o4 ,! arti/ has1 h[ev]1 *os5 a novel motif 9 repres5t+ ! mom5t :5 ! ,virg9 is j s9k+ on h] knees1 z if ov]come by emotion4 ,betwe5 ! ,umbrian s*ool & ! ,flor5t9e1 a reciprocal influ5ce 0 ex]t$4 ,if ! latt] taught ! =m] _m secrets ( composition & te*nical execution1 ! ,umbrians 9 turn imp>t$ some?+ ( _! my/icism to _! m matt]-(-fact neighbors4 ,:ile ! ,umbrian s*ool ( ! fifte5? c5tury 0 occupi$ ) ! ,madre ,pia1 ,flor5ce also 0 devot$ to ! same subject4 ,sculpture l$ ! race1 & 9 ! front ranks 0 ,luca della ,robbia1 f\nd] ( ! s*ool :i* be>s 8 family "n4 ,beg9n+ z a work] 9 m>ble1 8 inv5tive g5ius pres5tly wr\ght out a /yle ( sculpture peculi>ly 8 own4 ,?is 0 ! enamell$ t]ra-cotta bas-relief %[+ pure :ite figures aga9/ a backgr\nd ( pale blue4 ,!y 7 made *iefly 9 circul> m$allions1 lunettes1 & tab]nacles1 & 7 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! *ur*es & homes ( ,tuscany4 ,associat$ ) ,luca 9 8 "w 0 8 nephew ,&rea1 :o1 9 turn1 _h ?ree sculptor sons1 ,giovanni1 ,girolamo1 & ,luca ,,ii4 ,s great 0 ! dem& = _! w>e t ! ,della ,robbia /udios became a v]itable manufactory f :i* hundr$s ( pieces w5t =?4 ,( ^!1 a goodly numb] repres5t ! ,madonna 9 ,adoration4 ,:ile x is difficult to trace e "o ( ^! ) absolute correctness to its individual au?or1 ! majority seem to be by ,&rea1 :o1 z x w\ld appe>1 _h a special fondness = ! subject4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ! nephew is inf]ior to 8 uncle 9 8 ideal ( ! ,virg91 less orig9al ?an ,luca 9 8 conceptions1 & less noble 9 8 results4 ,8 "w1 not)/&+1 has _m *>m+ qualities1 :i* are specially appropriate to ! "* ( ! p>ticul> subject "u consid]ation4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a peculi> value 9 l[ relief1 = purposes ( idealization4 ,x has an effect ( spiritualiz+ ! mat]ial1 & giv+ ! figures an e!real appe>ance4 ,&rea pr(it$ by ?is advantage1 &1 9 addition1 %[$ great delicacy ( judgm5t 9 subdu+ curves & reta9+ simplicity 9 8 l9es4 ,we may see all ?is 9 ! popul> tab]nacle :i* he design$1 & ( :i* !re are at lea/ five1 & probably m1 copies4 ,! ,madonna kneels pray]fully be=e h] babe1 :o lies on ! gr\nd by "s lily /alks4 ,9 ! sky above are two *]ubim & h&s hold+ a cr[n4 ,!re is a girli% grace 9 ! kneel+ figure1 & a r>e sweetness 9 ! face1 entirely free f s5tim5tality4 ,a sev]e simplicity ( drap]y1 & ! abs5ce ( all unnecess>y accessories1 are po9ts ( excell5ce wor? not+4 ,! composition 0 sometimes v>i$ by ! introduction ( diff]5t figures 9 ! sky1 o!r *]ubim1 or ! head ( ! ,almighty1 ) ! ,dove4 ,only second 9 popul>ity to ?is 0 ,&rea's circul> m$allion ( ! ,nativity1 ) ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,john 9 adoration4 ,!re are two copies ( ?is 9 ! ,flor5t9e ,academy1 "o 9 ! ,l\vre1 & "o 9 ,b]l94 ,! effect ( cr[d+ s _m figures into a small compass is n s pleas+ z ! classical simplicity ( ! =m] composition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&rea ,,della ,,robbia4--,,madonna ,,9 ,,adoration4 ,contempor>y ) ! ,della ,robbias 0 ano!r ,flor5t9e family ( arti/s equally num]\s4 ,( ! five ,rossell9i1 ,antonio is ( greate/ int]e/ to u1 z a sculptor :o _h "s qualities 9 common ) ! fam\s porcela9 work]s4 ,l !m1 he _h a special gift = ! ,madonna 9 ,adoration4 ,we c see ?is subject 9 8 be/ /yle ( treatm5t1 9 ! beautiful ,nativity 9 ,san ,m9iato1 :i* may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ productions ( ! be/ p]iod ( ,tuscan art4#e ,! t\ri/ w consid] x a ri* rew>d = 8 climb to ! qua9t old *ur* on ! ramp>ts ov]hang+ ! ,arno4 ,if p]*ance 8 w&]+s lead him1 on ano!r occasion1 to ! hill ris+ on ! opposite side1 he w f9d1 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,fiesole1 a fitt+ companion 9 ! alt>-piece by ,m9o da ,fiesole4 ,?is is a decid$ly unique r5d]+ ( ! ,madre ,pia4 ,! ,virg9 kneels 9 a ni*e1 fac+ ! spectator1 ador+ ! ,*ri/-*ild1 :o sits on ! /eps bel[ h]1 turn+ to ! little ,bapti/1 :o kneels at "o side on a /ill l[] /ep4 ,footnote #e3 ,c4,c4 ,p]k9s1 9 ,tuscan ,sculptors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lor5zo ,,di ,,cr$i4--,,nativity4 ,pass+ f ! sculpture ( ,flor5ce to its pa9t+1 x is fitt+ t we m5tion fir/ ( all ! fri5d & fell[-pupil ( ! ,umbrian ,p]ug9o1 ,lor5zo di ,cr$i4 ,! two _h mu* 9 common4 ,tra9$ toge!r 9 ! work%op ( ! sculptor ,v]roc*io1 9 ^? days ( int5se religi\s /ress1 !y bo? became foll[]s ( ! prophet-prior ( ,san ,m>co1 ,savon>ola4 ,_! religi\s e>ne/ness naturally f\nd expression 9 ! beautiful subject ( ! ,madre ,pia4 ,! ,flor5t9e arti/1 ?\gh n less dev\t ?an 8 fri5d1 introduces into 8 "w an elem5t ( joy1 *>act]i/ic ( 8 surr\nd+s1 & m attractive ?an ! some:at melan*oly types ( ,umbria4 ,8 ,adoration1 9 ! ,uffizi1 is an admirable example ( 8 be/ "w4 ,foll[+ ! fa%ion made popul> by ! ,della ,robbias1 ! arti/ *ose = 8 composition ! r\nd picture1 or tondo4 ,by ?is elim9ation ( unnecess>y corn]s1 ! att5tion c5tres 9 ! beautiful figure ( ! ,virg91 :i* occupies a l>ge portion ( ! circle4 ,9 exquisite keep+ ) ! mode/ lovel9ess ( h] face1 a delicate1 transp>5t veil is knott$ ov] h] smoo? hair1 & falls ov] ! r\nd curves ( h] neck4 ,9 expression & attitude %e is ! p]fect imp]sonation ( ! _s ( humility1 joyfully submissive to h] high call+1 rev]5tly ackn[l$g+ h] unwor?9ess4 ,?is picture may be tak5 z a typical example ( ! subject 9 ,flor5t9e pa9t+4 ,lor5zo himself repeat$ ! composition _m times1 & num]\s o!r works c\ld be m5tion$1 /rik+ly simil> 9 treatm5t1 by ,ghirl&ajo1 9 ! ,flor5ce ,academy2 by ,signorelli1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y2 by ,alb]t9elli1 9 ! ,pitti2 by ,filippo ,lippi1 9 ! ,b]l9 ,gall]y2 by ,filipp9o ,lippi1 9 ! ,pitti2 & s on ?r\gh ! li/4 ,9 _m cases ! subject seems to h be5 *os51 n s mu* f any devotional _s on ! "p ( ! pa9t]1 z f =ce ( imitation ( ! prevail+ ,flor5t9e fa%ion4 ,?is is especially true 9 ! case ( ,filippo ,lippi1 :o does n be> ! be/ ( reputations4 ,al?\gh a bro!r 9 ! ,c>melite mona/]y1 8 love ( worldly pleasures (t5 l$ him a/ray1 if we are to believe ! gossip ( ! old annali/s4 ,we may all[ mu* = ! exagg]ations ( sc&al1 b /ill be =c$ to admit t 8 c&id realism is pla9 evid5ce ( a clos] /udy ( nature ?an ( !ology4 ,br[n+ has giv5 u a f9e analysis ( 8 "* 9 ! poem be>+ 8 "n1 ,fra ,lippo ,lippi4 ,! arti/ monk1 caught 9 ! /reets ( ! city on 8 return f "s midnight revel1 expla9s 8 con/ant qu>rel ) ! rules ( art laid d[n by ecclesia/ical au?orities4 ,!y insi/ t 8 bus9ess is to ! s\ls ( m51 & t x is q f ! m>k ( pa9t+ to make faces1 arms1 legs1 & bodies l ! true4 ,on 8 "p1 he claims t x w n help ! int]pretation ( s\l1 by pa9t+ body ill4 ,an int5se lov] ( e beautiful l9e & color 9 ,god's _w1 he believes t ^! ?+s are giv5 u to be ?ankful =1 n to pass ov] or despise4 ,oblig$ to devote himself to a class ( subjects ) :i* he _h little sympa?y1 he compromis$ ) 8 critics by adopt+ ! traditional =ms ( composition1 & treat+ !m aft] ! mann] ( g5re pa9t]s1 9 types drawn f ! ord9>y life ab\t him4 ,! kneel+ ,madre ,pia he pa9t$ ?ree times3 two ( ! pictures are 9 ! ,flor5ce ,academy1 & ! ?ird & be/ is 9 ! ,b]l9 ,gall]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,filippo ,,lippi4--,,madonna ,,9 ,,adoration4 ,9 ! ,madonna ( ! ,uffizi1 he broke away some:at f tradition1 & r5d]$ q a new v]sion ( ! subject4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ ) fold$ h&s1 ador+ h] *ild1 :o is held up be=e h] by two boy angels4 ,8 type ( *ildhood is by no means pretty1 ?\gh altoge!r natural4 ,! ,virg9 _c be call$ ei!r intellectual or spiritual1 b :]e1 z a not$ critic has ask$1 c we f9d a face m w9some & appeal+8 ,c]ta9ly %e is a lovely woman1 & ,if y get simple beauty & naught else1 ,t's some:at3 & y'll f9d ! s\l y h miss$ ,)9 y\rself1 :5 y return him ?anks4 ,! idea ( ! seat$ ,madre ,pia1 comp>atively r>e 9 ,flor5t9e art1 is q frequ5t 9 nor!rn ,italy4 ,sometimes ! sett+ is a l&scape1 9 ! =egr\nd ( :i* ! ,madonna sits ador+ ! babe ly+ on h] lap4 ,examples are by ,basaiti 7,paduan71 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 & by a pa9t] ( ,titian's s*ool1 9 ,b]l94 ,mu* m common is ! en?ron$ ,madonna 9 ,adoration1 & = ?is we may turn to ! pictures ( ! ,viv>9i1 ,b>tolommeo & ,luigi1 or ,alvise4 ,^! m5 7 ( ,muranese orig91 & 9 ! v beg9n+ ( ,v5etian art-hi/ory 7 at ! head ( _! pr(ession1 until f9ally eclips$ by ! rival family ( ! ,bell9i4 ,among _! works1 we f9d by ea* "o at lea/ ?ree pictures ( ! type describ$4 ,z ! mo/ wor?y ( description1 we may select ! alt>-piece by ,luigi1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,r$5tore4 ,z x is "o ( ! mo/ popul> ,madonnas 9 ,v5ice1 no collection is complete )\t x4 ,a gre5 curta9 =ms ! backgr\nd1 aga9/ :i* ! pla9 m>ble ?rone-*air is br\ght into relief4 ,! ,virg9 sits wrapt 9 h] own ?\ghts1 an imp]sonation ( tranquil dignity4 ,a heavy wimple falls l[ ov] h] =ehead1 entirely conceal+ h] hair1 & ) its sev]e simplicity acc5tuat+ ! *a/e beauty ( h] face4 ,two fasc9at+ little *]ubs sit on a p>apet 9 front1 play+ on lutes2 &1 lull$ by _! g5tle music1 ! sweet babe sleeps on1 s]5ely unconsci\s ( x all4 ,illu/ration3 ,,luigi ,,viv>9i4--,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,be=e su* pictures z ?is1 gleam+ 9 ! dim light ( quiet *apels1 _m a he>t1 be=e unbeliev+1 may le>n a new rev]5ce = ! my/]i\s sanctity ( mo!rhood4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,madonna ,,z ,,witness4 ,9 proportion to a "m's ideals & ambitions = h] *ild does h] love take on a high] & pur] aspect4 ,! noble/ "m is ! mo/ unselfi%2 %e reg>ds h] *ild z a sacr$ *>ge1 only tempor>ily committ$ to h] keep+4 ,h] c>e is to nurture & tra9 him = 8 "p 9 life2 ?is is ! object ( h] con/ant endeavor4 ,?us %e comes to look ^u him z h]s & yet n h]s4 ,9 "o s5se he is h] v own2 9 ano!r1 he belongs to ! univ]sal life :i* he is to s]ve4 ,!re is no conflict betwe5 ! two ideas2 !y are ! obv]se sides ( "o great tru?4 ,bo? mu/ be recogniz$ = a complete und]/&+ ( life4 ,:at is true ( all mo!rhood f9ds a supreme illu/ration 9 ! "* ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,%e und]/ood f ! fir/ t h] son _h a great mission to fulfil1 t 8 "w _h some:at to d ) a mighty k+dom4 ,nev] = a mom5t did %e lose sight ( ^! ?+s z %e pond]$ !m 9 h] he>t4 ,h] highe/ joy 0 to pres5t him to ! _w = ! fulfilm5t ( 8 call+4 ,z a subject ( art1 ?is phase ( ! ,madonna's "* requires a mode ( treatm5t q unlike t ( ! ,mat] ,amabilis or ! ,madre ,pia4 ,! attitude & expression ( ! ,virg9 are appropriate to h] (fice z ! ,*ri/-be>]4 ,bo? "m & *ild1 no long] absorb$ 9 ea* o!r1 direct _! glance t[>ds ! p to :om he is giv5 = a witness4 7,isaiah #ee3d47 ,^! may be ! spectators look+ at ! picture1 or ! sa9ts & vot>ies fill+ ! composition4 ,! "m's lap is ! ?rone = ! *ild1 f :i*1 /&+ or sitt+1 he gives 8 royal bless+4 ,x w be readily und]/ood t s l(ty a !me c n be common 9 art4 ,9 our own day1 x has1 ) ! ,madre ,pia1 pass$ almo/ entirely out ( ! range ( art subjects2 mod]n pa9t]s d n try su* heights4 ,franz ,defregg] is alone 9 hav+ made an hone/ & e>ne/ ef=t1 n )\t success1 to express 8 conception ( ! !me4 ,to 8 ,en?ron$ ,madonna at ,doelsa*1 & 8 less well-kn[n ,madonna 9 ,glory1 let u pay ?is pass+ ^w ( honor4 ,to approa* our subject 9 ! mo/ sy/ematic way1 we w g back to ! beg9n+s ( ,madonna art4 ,mrs4 ,jameson tells u t ! gr\p ( ,virg9 & ,son 01 9 its fir/ int5tion1 a !ological symbol1 & n a repres5tation4 ,x 0 a device set up 9 ! or?odox *ur*es z a def9ite =malization ( a cre$4 ,! fir/ ,madonnas %[$ none ( ! aspects ( ord9>y mo!rhood 9 attitude1 ge/ure1 or expression4 ,! !ological elem5t 9 ! picture 0 ! fir/ consid]ation4 ,we may take z a repres5tative case ! ,virg9 ,nike-peja 7( ,victory71 suppos$ to be ! same :i* ,eudocia1 wife ( ! ,emp]or ,!odosius ,,ii41 discov]$ 9 h] travels 9 ,pale/9e1 & s5t to ,con/ant9ople1 :5ce x 0 f9ally br\ght to ,/4 ,m>k's1 ,v5ice4 ,! ,virg9--a half-l5g? figure--holds ! *ild 9 front ( h]1 l a doll1 z if exhibit+ him to ! gaze ( ! wor%ipp]s be=e ! alt> ov] :i* ! picture hung4 ,bo? faces look directly out at ! spectator1 ) grave & /iff solemnity4 ,! progress ( pa9t+1 & ! gr[+ love ( beauty1 at l5g? wr\ght a *ange4 ,! "t came :5 art saw ! possibility ( unit+1 ) ! religi\s conception ( previ\s c5turies1 a m natural ideal ( mo!rhood4 ,?us1 :ile ! ,madonna cont9ues to be preem95tly a witness ( h] son's greatness1 x is n at ! sacrifice ( mo!rly t5d]ness4 ,9 ,v5etian art-hi/ory1 ,giovanni ,bell9i /&s at ! p]iod :5 ! old 0 j m]g+ into ! new4 ,we h already se5 h[ greatly he & 8 contempor>ies diff]$ f ! pa9t]s ( a lat] "t4 ,tak+ advantage ( all ! progressive me?ods ( ! day1 !y did n rel9qui% ! religi\s _s ( _! pr$ecessors1 h5ce _! "w embodies ! be/ elem5ts ( ! old & new4 ,z we exam9e ! ,bell9i ,madonnas1 "o aft] ano!r1 we c n fail to notice h[ delicately !y int]pret ! relation ( ! "m to h] *ild4 ,lov+ & graci\s z %e is1 %e is n ! ,mat] ,amabilis3 %e is too preoccupi$1 ?\gh n too cold = c>esses4 ,nei!r is %e ! ,madre ,pia1 ?\gh by no means lack+ 9 humility4 ,h] ?\ghts are ( ! future1 r ?an ( ! pres5t4 ,true to a "m's in/9ct1 %e encircles h] *ild ) a protect+ arm1 b h] face is turn$1 n to 81 b to ! _w4 ,bo? are look+ /eadfa/ly =w>d to ! great "w be=e !m4 ,_! eyes h ! f>-see+ look ( ^? absorb$ 9 noble dreams4 ,_! faces are full ( sweet e>ne/ness1 n ( ! ascetic sort1 b joyful1 ) a calm1 tranquil gladness4 ,?is description applies almo/ equally well to a half-doz5 or m ( ,bell9i's ,madonnas1 9 v>i\s /yles ( composition4 ,= ! sake ( def9it5ess1 we may specify ! ,madonna betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,george 9 ! ,v5ice ,academy4 ,! ,virg9 is 9 half-l5g?1 aga9/ a sc>let curta91 support+ ! *ild1 :o /&s on ! cop+ ( a balcony4 ,9 te*nical qualities alone1 ! picture is a notable "o = precision ( draw+1 bread? ( light & %ade1 & brilliant color4 ,9 ,*ri/ian s5tim5t x is among ! r>e treasures ( ,italian art4 ,! ,national ,gall]y & ! ,br]a conta9 o!rs :i* are v simil> 9 /yle & conception4 ,! ?ree en?ron$ ,madonnas :i* h already be5 notic$ are n less rem>kable = religi\s significance4 ,!re is a peculi> fre%ness & vivacity 9 ! ,san ,giobbe picture4 ,bo? ,virg9 & *ild are al]t & eag]1 welcom+ ! future ) smil+ & y\?ful en?usiasm4 ,! ,fr>i ,madonna is ( a m subdu$ type1 b is n less true to h] ideal4 ,! ,virg9 ( ,san ,zacc>ia is m ?\ghtful & reflective1 b %e holds h] *ild up bravely1 t he may give 8 bless+ to mank9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,giovanni ,,bell9i4--,,madonna ,,betwe5 ,,/4 ,,george ,,& ,,/4 ,,paul4 7,,detail47 ,x w h be5 notic$ t ! ?rone is an especially appropriate sett+ = ! ,madonna z ,witness4 ,x is "o ( ! functions ( royalty t ! que5 %\ld %[ ! pr9ce to 8 p4 ,we !re=e turn naturally to ?is class ( pictures = examples4 ,to ^? ( ,bell9i j cit$ we may add1 f ! o!rs m5tion$ 9 ! second *apt]1 ! ,madonnas by ,cima1 by ,palma1 & by ,montagna 9 ,v5etian ,art2 & by ,lu9i & by ,botticelli 9 ! ,lomb>d & ,flor5t9e s*ools respectively4 ,lu9i's picture is "o :i* readily t\*es ! he>t4 ,! ,virg9 unites ! sweetness ( fre%1 "y mo!rhood ) womanly dignity ( "*4 ,h] smile has no?+ ( my/]y 9 x2 x is simply sweet & w9n+4 ,! ,*ri/-*ild is a lovely boy1 /eady+ himself aga9/ 8 "m's brea/1 & yet ) an air ( self-reliance4 ,! two und]/& ea* o!r well4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lu9i4--,,madonna ,,) ,,/4 ,,b>b>a ,,& ,,/4 ,,an?ony4 ,"o c\ld h>dly imag9e two m dissimil> spirits ?an ,lu9i & ,botticelli4 ,to ,lu9i's ,virg91 ! consci\sness ( h] son's greatness is a pr\d honor1 accept$ s]i\sly1 b gladly4 ,to ,botticelli1 on ! o!r h&1 x br+s a pr(\nd melan*oly4 ,?is is s m>k$ t at fir/ sight almo/ e "o is repell$ by ,botticelli1 & yields only aft] long famili>ity to ! my/]i\s fasc9ation ( ! sad-ey$ ,madonna1 :o holds h] babe almo/ li/lessly1 z h] head droops ) ! weight ( h] sorr[4 ,h] expression is ! same :atev] h] attitude1 :5 %e presses h] babe to h] bosom z ! ,mat] ,amabilis 79 ! ,borghese ,gall]y at ,rome1 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 & ,l\vre71 or :51 z witness to h] son's de/9y1 %e holds him =? to be se5 ( m54 ,x is 9 ?is la/ capacity t h] mood is mo/ intelligible4 ,%e seems oppress$ r ?an humbl$ by h] honors2 reluctant1 r ?an glad to assume !m2 yet1 ) pr\d dignity1 det]m9$ to d h] "p1 ?\gh h] he>t break 9 ! do+4 ,h] nature is too deep to accept ! joy )\t c\nt+ ! co/1 & h] vision looks beyond ,be?lehem to ,calv>y4 ,?is is well illu/rat$ 9 ! picture ( ! ,b]l9 ,gall]y4#f ,! que5 "m rises ) ! pr9ce to receive ! homage ( humanity4 ,! boy1 old beyond 8 ye>s1 gravely raises 8 "r h& to bless 8 p1 ! o!r /ill cl++1 ) infantile grace1 to ! dress ( 8 "m4 ,lovely1 rose-cr[n$ angels hold c\rt on ei!r side1 be>+ light$ tap]s 9 j>s ( roses4 ,footnote #f3 ,! ,b]l9 ,gall]y conta9s two ,en?ron$ ,madonnas attribut$ to ,botticelli4 ,! description "h1 & on page #dj makes x cle> t ! ref]5ce is to ! picture numb]$ #ajb4 ,?is does n appe> 9 ,b]5son's li/ ( ,botticelli's works1 b is treat$ z au!ntic by ,cr[e & ,cavalcaselle4 ,! ,madonna ( ! ,pomegranate is ano!r "w by ,botticelli :i* belongs 9 ?is class ( pictures4 ,x is a tondo 9 ! ,uffizi1 %[+ ! figures 9 half l5g?4 ,! ,virg91 encircl$ by angels1 holds ! *ild half recl9+ on h] lap4 ,h] face is inexpressibly sad1 & ! *ild %>es h] mood1 z he raises 8 little h& to bless ! spectator4 ,two angels be> ! ,virg9's fl[]s1 roses & lilies2 two o!rs hold books4 ,!y b5d t[>ds ! que5 z ! petals ( a rose b5d t[>ds ! c5tre1 ) ! s]i\s grace peculi> to ,botticelli4 ,illu/ration3 ,,botticelli4--,,madonna ,,( ,,! ,,pomegranate 4 ,9 connection ) ! peculi> type ( melan*oly exhibit$ on ! face ( ,botticelli's ,madonna1 x w be ( int]e/ to ref] to ! "w ( ,francia4 ,! two arti/s 71 9 "s po9ts1 k9dr$ spirits2 bo? felt ! burd5 ( life's my/]y & sorr[4 ,francia1 z we h se51 imbib$ f ! works ( ,p]ug9o some?+ ( ! _s ( my/icism common to ! ,umbrian s*ool4 ,b :ile !re is a c]ta9 resemblance betwe5 8 ,madonna & ,p]ug9o's1 ! =m] has less ( s5tim5tality ?an ! latt]1 & m real melan*oly4 ,l ,botticelli's ,virg91 %e acts h] "p half-he>t$ly1 z if ! sword _h already begun to pi]ce h] he>t4 ,francia's favorite ,madonna subjects 7 ( ! high] ord]1 ! ,madre ,pia & ! ,madonna z ,witness4 ,9 treat+ ! latt]1 8 ,*ri/-*ild is always 9 keep+ ) ! "m1 a grave little fell[ :o gives ! bless+ ) almo/ t\*+ dignity4 ,en?ron$ ,madonnas illu/rat+ ! !me are ^? ( ! ,h]mitage at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ( ! ,belv$]e at ,vi5na1 & ! fam\s ,b5tivoglio ,madonna 9 ,s4 ,jacopo ,maggiore at ,bologna4 ,! la/-nam$ is "o ( ! works :i* enable u to und]/& ,raphael's high praise ( ! ,bolognese ma/]4 ,x is a noble composition1 full ( /rong religi\s feel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,murillo4--,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,x is a long leap f ! fifte5? to ! sev5te5? c5turies1 tak+ u f a p]iod ( g5u9e religi\s f]vor 9 art1 into an age ( artificial imitation4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! decad5ce ( old ideals & ! bir? ( art me?ods entirely new1 arose "o :o seem$ to be ! re9c>nation ( ! old _s 9 a =m peculi> to 8 age & race4 ,?is 0 ,murillo1 ! peasant-pa9t] ( ,spa91 ?an :om 0 nev] arti/ m pi\s1 n ev5 except+ ! angelic bro!r ( ,san ,m>co4 ,he alone 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury kept alive ! pure flame ( religi\s f]vor1 :i* _h burn$ )9 ! dev\t ,italians ( ! e>ly s*ool4 ,?r\gh all 8 pictures ( ! ,virg9 & *ild we c see t ! ,madonna z ! ,*ri/-be>] is ! ideal he always has 9 view4 ,he falls %ort ( x1 n ?r\gh any lack ( e>ne/ness1 b because 8 type ( womanhood is incapable ( express+ su* l(ty idealism4 ,8 virg9s are modell$ ^u ! simple ,&alusian maid5s1 sweet1 timid1 d>k-ey$ creatures4 ,_! faces gl[ ) g5tle affection z !y look wi/fully out ( ! picture1 or raise _! eyes to heav51 z if dimly disc]n+ ! heights :i* !y h nev] rea*$4 ,! ,pitti ,madonna is "o ( ?is sweet company1 & p]haps ! lovelie/ ( !m all4 ,bo? %e & h] beautiful boy are full ( g5tle e>ne/ness1 & if !y are too simple-m9d$ to realize :at is 9 /ore = !m1 !y are none ! less ready to d ! ,fa!r's w4 ,"o m picture rema9s = u to consid] z an illu/ration ( ! ,madonna z ,witness4 ,_h we m5tion$ x fir/1 no?+ fur!r c\ld h be5 said on ! subject4 ,! ,si/9e ,madonna is ! greate/ ev] produc$1 f e po9t ( view4 ,we h already not$ ! sup]iority ( its arti/ic composition ov] all o!r enski$ ,madonnas1 & are ! m ready to appreciate its high] m]its2 = its /ronge/ hold ^u our admiration is 9 its moral & religi\s significance4 ,its !me is ! transfiguration ( lov+ & consecrat$ mo!rhood4 ,"m & *ild1 unit$ 9 love1 move t[>ds ! glori\s consummation ( ! heav5ly k+dom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,raphael4--,,si/9e ,,madonna4 ,x has be5 said t ,raphael made no prep>atory /udies = ?is ,madonna1 b1 9 a l>g] s5se1 he sp5t 8 life 9 prep>ation = x4 ,he _h begun by imitat+ ! my/ic sweetness ( ,p]ug9o's types1 drawn by an intuitive delicacy ( p]ception to ?is spiritual idealism1 :ile yet too inexp]i5c$ to express any orig9ality4 ,!n1 by an inevitable reaction1 he ?rew himself into ! creation ( a purely naturali/ic ,madonna1 & c>ri$ ! ,mat] ,amabilis to its utmo/ p]fection4 ,hav+ ma/]$ all ! secrets ( woman's beauty1 he return$ once m to ! high] realm ( idealism to s5d =? 8 matur$ conception ( ! ,madonna z ! ,*ri/-be>]4 ,! ,si/9e ,madonna is above all words ( praise2 all extravagance ( expression is sil5c$ be=e h] simplicity4 ,h]s is ! beauty ( symmetrically develop$ womanhood2 ! p]fect poise ( h] figure is n m m>k$ ?an ! p]fect poise ( h] "*4 ,n "o false note1 n "o exagg]at$ emphasis1 j>s ^u ! h>mony ( body1 s\l1 & _s4 ,confid5t1 b entirely unassum+2 s]i\s1 b )\t sadness2 joy\s1 b n to mir?fulness2 eag]1 b )\t ha/e2 %e moves /eadily =w>d ) /eps tim$ to ! rhy?mic music ( ! sph]es4 ,! *ild is no burd51 b a "p ( h] v be+4 ,! two are "o 9 love1 ?\ght1 & purpose4 ,%>+ ! secret ( 8 sacr$ call+1 ! "m be>s h] son =? to meet 8 glori\s de/9y4 ,art c pay no high] tribute to ,m>y1 ! ,"m ( ,jesus1 ?an to %[ h] 9 ?is phase ( h] mo!rhood4 ,we sympa?ize ) h] mat]nal t5d]ness1 lavi%+ fond c>esses ^u h] *ild4 ,we g /ill deep] into h] exp]i5ce :5 we see h] b[$ 9 sweet humility be=e ! c>es & duties %e is call$ ^u to assume4 ,b we are admitt$ to ! mo/ *]i%$ aspirations ( h] s\l1 :5 we see h] oblivi\s ( self1 c>ry+ h] *ild =? to ! s]vice ( humanity4 ,x is ?us t %e becomes "o ( 8 witnesses unto ! p2 x is ?us t all g5]ations %all call h] bless$4 ,,bibliography4 ,,mrs4 ,,anna ,,jameson3 ,! ,leg5ds ( ! ,madonna4 ,bo/on1 #ahif4 ,,cr[e ,,& ,,cavalcaselle3 ,hi/ory ( ,pa9t+ 9 ,italy4 ,london1 #ahfd4 ,hi/ory ( ,pa9t+ 9 ,nor? ,italy4 ,london1 #ahga4 ,titian3 ,8 ,life & ,times4 ,london1 #ahgg4 ,,kugl]3 ,h&book ( ! ,italian ,s*ools1 revis$ by ,a4,h4 ,lay>d4 ,london1 #ahhg4 ,h&book ( ! ,g]man1 ,flemi%1 & ,dut* ,s*ools1 revis$ by ,j4,a4 ,cr[e4 ,london1 #ahhi4 ,,morelli3 ,critical ,/udies ( ! ,italian ,pa9t]s4 ,translat$ by ,con/ance ,jocelyn ,ff\lkes4 ,london1 #ahib4 ,j4,a4 ,,symonds3 ,r5aissance 9 ,italy3 ,! ,f9e ,arts4 ,new ,york1 #ahhh4 ,,walt] ,h4 ,,pat]3 ,/udies 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,london1 #ahgc4 ,,b]nh>d ,,b]5son3 ,! ,v5etian ,pa9t]s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,new ,york1 #ahid4 ,! ,flor5t9e ,pa9t]s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,new ,york1 #ahif4 ,,k>l ,,k>oly3 ,a ,guide to ! ,pa9t+s ( ,flor5ce4 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahic4 ,a ,guide to ! ,pa9t+s ( ,v5ice4 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahie4 ,c4,c4 ,,p]k9s3 ,tuscan ,sculptors4 ,london1 #ahfd4 ,,cavalucci ,,et ,,mol9i]3 ,les ,della ,robbia3 leur vie et leur oeuvre4 ,p>is1 #ahhd4 ,,eug5e ,m,ue,n,t,z3 ,raphael4 ,translat$ by ,walt] ,arm/rong4 ,london1 #ahhb4 ,,index ,,( ,,arti/s4 ,alb]t9elli1 ,madonna 9 ! ,pitti1 #agb4 ,angelico1 ,fra1 ,madonna della ,/ella1 #ff-fi1 #acb4 ,b>ab9o1 ,n41 ,mat] ,amabilis1 #aed4 ,b>occi1 ,f41 ,madonna del ,gatto1 #abf4 ,b>tolommeo1 ,madonna 9 ! ,capella ,giovanato1 #cj2 ,madonnas 9 ! ,flor5ce ,academy1 #ca2 ,en?ron$ ,madonna 9 ! ,pitti1 #db1 #dg4 ,basaiti1 ,madonna 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 #agg4 ,bell9i1 ,giovanni1 ,madonna ( ,san ,giobbe1 #ej1 #ahh2 ,fr>i ,madonna1 #ej1 #aia2 ,madonna ( ,san ,zacc>ia1 #ej-ec1 #aia2 ,madonna betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,george1 #ahh2 ,madonna 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 #ahh2 ,madonna 9 ! ,br]a1 #ahh4 ,bell9i1 ,jacopo1 ,madonna 9 ! ,v5ice ,academy1 #be4 ,bod5haus51 ,madonna1 #ij1 #aed4 ,bonifazio ,v]onese1 ,sev5 pictures ( ! ,santa ,conv]sazione1 #aae4 ,botticelli1 ,en?ron$ ,madonna at ,b]l91 #dj1 #aia1 #aie1 #aif2 ,madonna 9 ! ,borghese1 #aie2 ,madonna 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 #aie2 ,madonna 9 ! ,l\vre1 #aie2 ,madonna ( ! ,pomegranate1 #aif2 ,madonna ( ! ,inkhorn1 #ei4 ,b\gu]eau1 ,en?ron$ ,madonna1 #fd2 ,madonna ( ! ,angels1 #ij2 ,mat] ,amabilis1 #aed4 ,byzant9e ,madonna 9 ! ,ara ,coeli1 #be2 9 ,s4 ,m>ia 9 ,cosm$9o1 #be2 9 ,/4 ,m>k's1 #be1 #ahe2 at ,padua1 #be4 ,cano1 ,alonzo1 ,madonna ( ,be?lehem1 #cb4 ,c>oto1 ,gianfrancesco1 ,madonna 9 ,sant' ,ana/asia1 #hj2 ,madonna 9 ,san ,giorgio1 #hj2 ,madonna 9 ,san ,f]mo ,maggiore1 #hj4 ,cavazzola1 see ,mor&o4 ,cima1 ,en?ron$ ,madonna 9 ! ,v5ice ,academy1 #di1 #aia4 ,cimabue1 ,ruccellai ,madonna1 #ch-ci4 ,conti1 ,b]n>d9o de'1 ,madonna 9 ! ,h]mitage ,gall]y1 #adf4 ,correggio1 ,madonnas 9 ,dresd51 #de2 ,madonna ( ,/4 ,seba/ian1 #gj2 ,madonna 9 ! ,uffizi1 #ajf1 #acf2 ,la ,z+>ella1 #ajf1 #acg1 #adf2 ,madonna della ,ce/a1 #acf2 ,madonna della ,scala1 #ach1 #ada4 ,cr$i1 ,lor5zo di1 ,nativity 9 ! ,uffizi1 #aga4 ,crivelli1 ,c>lo1 ,use ( ,cr[n by1 #ei4 ,dagnan-,b\v]et1 ,mat] ,amabilis1 #aed4 ,defregg]1 ,franz1 ,madonna at ,doelsa*1 #ahd2 ,madonna 9 ,glory1 #ij1 #ahd4 ,dolce1 ,c>lo1 ,madonna1 #adh4 ,du]]1 ,woodcut1 #fj2 ,madonna 9 g>d5 inclos$1 #aae2 ,madonna 9 ! ,belv$]e1 #aej-aec2 ,virg9 on ! ,cresc5t ,moon1 #hi1 #adi4 ,eyck1 ,van1 ,madonna 9 ,frank=t1 #fj1 #adi4 ,fiesole1 ,m9o da1 ,alt>-piece at ,fiesole1 #afh4 ,francia1 ,madonna ( ! ,rose ,g>d51 #aae1 #afa2 ,en?ron$ ,madonna 9 ! ,h]mitage1 #bjj2 ,en?ron$ ,madonna 9 ! ,belv$]e1 #bjj2 ,b5tivoglio ,madonna1 #bjj4 ,ghirl&ajo1 ,en?ron$ ,madonna 9 ! ,uffizi1 #dj2 ,madonna 9 ! ,flor5ce ,academy1 #agb4 ,giorgione1 ,madonna ( ,ca/el-,franco1 #ed2 ,madonna 9 ,madrid1 #ed4 ,guay1 ,mat] ,amabilis1 #aed4 ,holbe91 ,mey] ,madonna1 #fj1 #adi4 ,itt5ba*1 ,en?ron$ ,madonna1 #fd4 ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 see ,v9ci4 ,libri1 ,girolamo dai1 ,madonna 9 ,san ,giorgio ,maggiore1 ,v]ona1 #dh2 ,madonna ( ,/4 ,&rew & ,/4 ,pet]1 #ha4 ,lippi1 ,filipp9o1 ,madonna 9 ! ,pitti1 #aae-aaf1 #agb4 ,lippi1 ,filippo1 ,madonna 9 ! ,b]l9 ,gall]y1 #agb1 #agd2 ,madonnas 9 ! ,flor5ce ,academy1 #agd2 ,madonna 9 ! ,uffizi1 #agd-agg4 ,lotto1 ,madonna ( ,s4 ,b>tolommeo1 #dh2 ,santa ,conv]sazione1 #aae4 ,lu9i1 ,madonna betwe5 ,/4 ,an?ony & ,/4 ,b>b>a1 #de1 #aia-aib2 ,pa/oral ,madonna1 #ajd-aje4 ,macomb]1 ,m>y ,l41 ,madonna1 #aed4 ,mantegna1 ,madonna ( ,victory1 #da1 #dh4 ,m>iotto1 ,b]n>d9o di1 ,madonna1 #dg4 ,massys1 ,qu5t91 ,en?ron$ ,madonna 9 ! ,b]l9 ,gall]y1 #fc1 #acb2 ,madonna 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y1 #aba4 ,max1 ,gabriel1 ,madonnas1 #ce1 #aed4 ,meml+1 ,madonna at ,bruges1 #fj4 ,mign>d1 ,la ,vi]ge a la ,grappe1 #abf4 ,montagna1 ,madonna 9 ! ,br]a1 #dj1 #aia4 ,mor&o1 ,madonna 9 ,glory 9 ,v]ona ,gall]y1 #ha4 ,moretto1 ,madonna ( ,s4 ,clem5te1 #dh2 ,madonna ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 #gg2 ,madonna ( ,san ,giorgio ,maggiore1 #gg2 ,madonna 9 ! ,b]l9 ,gall]y1 #gh-gi4 ,muell]1 ,c>l1 ,mat] ,amabilis1 #aed4 ,murano1 ,giovanni da1 ,use ( ,cr[n by1 #ei4 ,murillo1 ,madonna ( ! ,napk91 #cb2 ,holy ,family ( ! ,bird1 #abf2 ,madonna 9 ! ,pitti1 #bjc-bjd4 ,palma1 ,en?ron$ ,madonna at ,vic5za1 #di1 #aia2 ,santa ,conv]sazione at ,naples1 #aaa2 ,santa ,conv]sazione at ,dresd51 #aaa2 ,santa ,conv]sazione at ,muni*1 #aaa2 ,santa ,conv]sazione at ,vi5na1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,p]ug9o1 ,en?ron$ ,madonna 9 ! ,vatican1 #de2 ,madonna 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 #afj4 ,p9turic*io1 ,madonna 9 ,/4 ,&rea1 ,p]ugia1 #df4 ,raphael1 ,ansidei ,madonna1 #df1 #acc2 ,madonna ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 #dg2 ,baldac*9o ,madonna1 #dg2 ,madonna ( ! ,casa ,alba1 #ii2 ! ,*air ,madonna1 #acd2 ! ,colonna ,madonna1 #acc2 ! ,cone/abile ,madonna1 #acc2 ,madonna ( ! ,diadem1 #adg2 ,foligno ,madonna1 #hb-he2 ,gr&uca ,madonna1 #bi2 ,madonna ( ! ,goldf9*1 #ic1 #ig1 #ih2 ,holy ,family ( ,francis ,i41 #acc2 ,holy ,family ( ! ,lamb1 #ajj1 #aje2 ,madonna dell' ,impannata1 #abe2 ,belle ,j>d9i]e1 #ic1 #ig1 #ih2 ,madonna 9 ! ,mead[1 #ic1 #ig1 #ih1 #ii1 #ajd2 ,orleans ,madonna1 #abf1 #acc2 ,si/9e ,madonna1 #he1 #bjd1 #bjh2 ,tempi ,madonna1 #cj1 #acc4 ,rembr&t1 ,le ,m5age du ,m5uisi] 9 ! ,l\vre1 #abg2 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #abg2 ,madonna 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y1 #abg-abh4 ,r5i1 ,guido1 ,madonna1 #adg4 ,robbia1 ,&rea della1 ,popul> tab]nacle1 #afd2 ,nativity1 #afg4 ,robbia1 ,giovanni1 ,son ( ,&rea1 #afb4 ,robbia1 ,girolamo della1 ,son ( ,&rea1 #afb4 ,robbia1 ,luca della1 ,f\nd] ( 8 s*ool1 #afb4 ,robbia1 ,luca della1 ,,ii41 ,son ( ,&rea1 #afb4 ,romano1 ,giulio1 ,madonna della ,cat9a1 #abe2 8 "w on ! ,madonna dell' ,impannata1 #abe2 ,madonna 9 a ,b$*amb]1 #abe4 ,rossell9o1 ,antonio1 ,nativity 9 ,san ,m9iato1 #afg4 ,rub5s1 ,holy ,families1 #adi4 ,salimb5i1 ,holy ,family1 #abf4 ,s>to1 ,&rea del1 ,madonna di ,san ,francesco1 #db2 ,madonna 9 ! ,b]l9 ,gall]y1 #fi4 ,sass(]rato1 ,madonna 9 ,vatican ,gall]y1 #hi2 ,madonna ) ,sleep+ ,*ild1 #adh4 ,savoldo1 ,madonna 9 ! ,br]a1 #gi4 ,s*ongau]1 ,madonna 9 ,muni*1 #fj2 ,holy ,family1 #aba-abc4 ,si5a1 ,guido da1 ,madonna1 #ch4 ,signorelli1 ,nativity 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 #agb4 ,sodoma1 ,madonna 9 ! ,br]a1 #ajd 7note74 ,sol>io1 ,madonna ( ! ,gre5 ,cu%ion1 #adf4 ,lo ,spagna1 ,madonna once attribut$ to1 #gc4 ,spani% ,s*ool1 ,madonna 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 #hi4 ,t9toretto1 ,madonna 9 ! ,b]l9 ,gall]y1 #hi4 ,titian1 ,vi]ge au ,lap91 #aae 7note71 #adb2 ,madonna ( ! ,*]ries1 #ada 7note72 ,madonnas & ,sa9ts at ,dresd51 #ada 7note72 ,madonna ) ,/s4 ,ulfo & ,brigida1 #adb2 ,madonna ) ,roses1 #adb2 ,madonna & ,sa9ts1 #ade2 ,pes>o ,madonna1 #ef4 ,titian1 ,s*ool (1 ,madonna 9 ,b]l91 #agg4 ,umbrian ,s*ool1 ,madonna by1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 #gc-gd4 ,v]onese1 ,madonna 9 ! ,v5ice ,academy1 #ef4 ,v9ci1 ,leon>do da1 ,madonna ( ! ,rocks1 #ajj-ajd4 ,viv>9i1 ,b>tolommeo1 ,madonnas1 #agh4 ,viv>9i1 ,luigi1 ,madonna 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,r$5tore1 #agh4 ,art ,s]ies ,,! ,,madonna ,,9 ,,art ,,e/elle ,m4 ,,hurll4 ,,*ild ,,life ,,9 ,,art ,,e/elle ,m4 ,,hurll4 ,,angels ,,9 ,,art ,,cl>a ,,ersk9e ,,clem5t4 ,,love ,,9 ,,art ,,m>y ,,knight ,,pott]4 ,l4,c4 ,,page ,,& ,,company 7,,incorporat$7 #aif ,summ] ,/reet1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4