,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i ,,! ,,circulation ,,fir/ ,,book ,,9 ,,physiology ,,& ,,hygi5e ,,by ,j4,h4 ,,kellogg1 ,m4,d4 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,m$ical ,,association1 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,public ,,heal? ,,association1 ,,societe ,d',,hygi5e ,,( ,,france1 ,,briti% ,,& ,,am]ican ,,associations ,,= ,,! ,,advancem5t ,,( ,,sci5ce1 ,,mi*igan ,,/ate ,,bo>d ,,( ,,heal?1 ,,etc4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,new ,,& ,,revis$ ,,edition ,,new ,,york ,,c9c9nati ,,*icago ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,copyright1 #ahhg1 by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs4 ,copyright1 #ahhh1 by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs ,all rights res]v$4 ,w4,p4 #g ,,to ,,! ,,tea*]4 ,?is book is int5d$ = *ildr54 ,! special objects :i* ! au?or has aim$ to accompli% 9 ! prep>ation ( ! "w h be53 #a4 ,to pres5t z fully z possible & prop] 9 a "w ( ?is "* a /atem5t ( ! laws ( heal?ful liv+1 giv+ su* special prom95ce to ! subject ( /imulants & n>cotics z its recogniz$ importance & ! rec5t laws relat+ to ! /udy ( ?is bran* ( hygi5e dem&4 #b4 ,to pres5t 9 a simple mann] su* anatomical & physiological facts z %all give ! *ild a good fundam5tal k ( ! /ructure & functions ( ! human body4 #c4 ,to pres5t ea* topic 9 su* cle> & simple language z to enable ! pupil to compreh5d ! subject-matt] ) little aid f ! tea*]2 & to obs]ve 9 ! mann] ( pres5tation ! pr9ciple t ! ?+s to be /udi$ %\ld be plac$ be=e ! m9d ( ! *ild be=e !y are nam$4 ,a natural & logical ord] has be5 obs]v$ 9 ! sequ5ce ( topics4 ,te*nical t]ms h be5 us$ v sp>+ly1 & only 9 _! natural ord]1 & are !n fully expla9$ & _! pronunciation indicat$1 s t x is n ?\ght necess>y to app5d a gloss>y4 #d4 ,to pres5t ! subjects ( ,physiology & ,hygi5e 9 ! light ( ! mo/ rec5t au!ntic rese>*es 9 ^! bran*es ( sci5ce1 & to avoid ! num]\s errors :i* h = _m ye>s be5 curr5t 9 ! s*ool lit]ature ( ^! subjects4 ,!re is no subject 9 ! pres5tation ( :i* object-tea*+ may be employ$ ) great] facility & pr(it ?an 9 tea*+ ,physiology1 & none :i* may be m advantage\sly impress$ ^u ! /ud5t's m9d by means ( simple exp]im5tation ?an ! subject ( ,hygi5e4 ,e tea*] :o uses ?is book is urg5tly reque/$ to supplem5t ea* lesson by ! use ( object-tea*+ or exp]im5ts4 ,a great numb] ( simple exp]im5ts illu/rative ( bo? ,physiology & ,hygi5e may be readily arrang$4 ,_m little exp]im5ts are sugge/$ 9 ! text1 :i* %\ld inv>iably be made be=e ! class1 ea* memb] ( :i* %\ld also be enc\rag$ to repeat !m at home4 ,x is also mo/ desirable t ! tea*] %\ld h ! aid ( suitable *>ts & models4 ,9 conclusion1 ! au?or w\ld ackn[l$ge 8 indebt$ness = a l>ge numb] ( useful sugge/ions & criticisms to sev]al m$ical fri5ds & exp]i5c$ tea*]s1 & especially to ,pr(4 ,h5ry ,sewall1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan1 = criticisms ( ! portions ( ! "w relat+ to ,physiology4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,page ,,to ,,! ,,tea*] iii ,i4 ,,! ,,h\se ,,we ,,live ,,9 #a ,,ii4 ,a ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,body #e ,,iii4 ,,! ,,inside ,,( ,,! ,,body #g ,,iv4 ,,our ,,foods #aa ,v4 ,,unheal?ful ,,foods #ad ,,vi4 ,,our ,,dr9ks #ai ,,vii4 ,,h[ ,,we ,,dige/ #bg ,,viii4 ,,dige/ion ,,( ,a ,,m\?ful ,,( ,,bread #ce ,,ix4 ,,bad ,,habits ,,9 ,,eat+ #ci ,x4 ,a ,,drop ,,( ,,blood #df ,,xi4 ,,:y ,,! ,,he>t ,,beats #dh ,,xii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,he>t ,,& ,,! ,,blood ,,heal?y #ef ,,xiii4 ,,:y ,,& ,,h[ ,,we ,,brea! #fc ,,xiv4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,lungs ,,heal?y #ge ,,xv4 ,,! ,,sk9 ,,& ,,:at ,,x ,,does #ha ,,xvi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,take ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,sk9 #hh ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,kidneys ,,& ,,_! ,,"w #ia ,,xviii4 ,,our ,,bones ,,& ,,_! ,,uses #ic ,,xix4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,bones ,,heal?y #ajj ,,xx4 ,,! ,,muscles1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,we ,,use ,,!m #aje ,,xxi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,muscles ,,heal?y #aji ,,xxii4 ,,h[ ,,we ,,feel ,,& ,,?9k #aae ,,xxiii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,bra9 ,,& ,,n]ves ,,heal?y #abf ,,xxiv4 ,,bad ,,effects ,,( ,,alcohol ,,^u ,,! ,,bra9 ,,& ,,n]ves #acj ,,xxv4 ,,h[ ,,we ,,he>1 ,,see1 ,,smell1 ,,ta/e2 ,,& ,,feel #ach ,,xxvi4 ,,alcohol #aed ,,que/ions ,,= ,,review #agj ,,fir/ ,,book ,,( ,,physiology ,,& ,,hygi5e4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,h\se ,,we ,,live ,,94 #a4 ,object ( ?is ,book4--,! object ( ?is book is to tell ! little boys & girls :o read x ab\t a wond]ful h\se4 ,y h all se5 "s v beautiful h\ses4 ,p]haps !y 7 made ( brick or /one1 ) f9e por*es1 hav+ ar\nd !m tall %ade trees1 smoo? lawns1 pretty fl[]-b$s1 walks1 & sp>kl+ f\nta9s4 #b4 ,p]haps "s ( y live 9 su* a h\se1 or h visit$ "s fri5d :o does4 ,if s1 y "k t ! inside ( ! h\se is ev5 m beautiful ?an ! outside4 ,!re are elegant *airs & s(as 9 ! rooms1 ri* c>pets & rugs on ! floors1 f9e mirrors & beautiful pictures ^u ! walls--ev]y?+ "o c\ld wi% to h 9 a h\se4 ,d y n ?9k su* a h\se a nice "o to live 98 #c4 ,! ,body is ,l a ,h\se4--,ea* ( u has a h\se ( 8 own :i* is f> m wond]ful & m curi\s ?an ! gr&e/ palace ev] built4 ,x is n a v l>ge h\se4 ,x has j room en\gh 9 x = "o p]son4 ,?is h\se1 :i* belongs to ea* "o ( u1 is call$ ! body4 #d4 ,:at is a ,ma*9e8--,d y "k :at a ma*9e is8 ,m5 make ma*9es to help !m "w & to d _m useful ?+s4 ,a :eelb>r[ or a wagon is a ma*9e to c>ry loads4 ,a sew+-ma*9e helps to make g>m5ts = u to we>4 ,clocks & wat*es are ma*9es = keep+ "t4 #e4 ,a ,ma*9e has ,diff]5t ,p>ts4--,a :eelb>r[ has a box 9 :i* to c>ry ?+s1 two h&les to hold by1 & a :eel = roll+ x along4 ,"s ma*9es1 l :eelb>r[s & wagons1 h b few p>ts1 & x is v easy = u to le>n h[ !y "w4 ,b !re are o!r ma*9es1 l wat*es & sew+-ma*9es1 :i* h _m diff]5t p>ts1 & x is m difficult to le>n all ab\t !m & :at !y d4 #f4 ,! ,body is ,l a ,ma*9e4--,9 "s ways ! body is m l a ma*9e ?an l a h\se4 ,x has _m diff]5t p>ts :i* are made to d a great _m diff]5t k9ds ( "w4 ,we see ) our eyes1 he> ) our e>s1 walk ) our legs & feet1 & d a great _m ?+s ) our h&s4 ,if y h ev] se5 ! inside ( a wat* or a clock y "k h[ _m curi\s little :eels x has4 ,& yet a wat* or a clock c d b "o ?+1 & t is to tell u ! "t ( day4 ,! body has a great _m m p>ts ?an a wat* has1 & = ?is reason ! body c d _m m ?+s ?an a wat* c d4 ,x is m difficult1 too1 to le>n ab\t ! body ?an ab\t a wat*4 #g4 ,if we want to "k all ab\t a ma*9e & h[ x works1 we mu/ /udy all its diff]5t p>ts & le>n h[ !y are put toge!r1 & :at ea* "p does4 ,!n1 if we want ! ma*9e to "w well & to la/ a long "t1 we mu/ "k h[ to use x & h[ to take prop] c>e ( x4 ,d y ?9k y\r wat* w\ld keep ! "t well if y %\ld neglect to w9d x1 or if y %\ld break any ( its :eels8 #h4 ,x is j ! same ) ! human ma*9e :i* we call ! body4 ,we mu/ le>n its p>ts1 & :at !y are =1 h[ !y are made1 h[ !y are put toge!r1 & h[ !y "w4 ,!n we mu/ le>n h[ to take prop] c>e ( ! body1 s t its p>ts w be able to "w well & la/ a long "t4 #i4 ,ea* "p ( ! body :i* is made to d "s special k9d ( "w is call$ an organ4 ,! eye1 ! e>1 ! nose1 a h&1 an arm1 any "p ( ! body t does some?+1 is an organ4 #aj4 ,! /udy ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body & h[ !y are put toge!r is anatomy 7a-nat'-o-my74 ,! /udy ( :at ea* "p ( ! body does is physiology 7phys-i-ol'-o-gy74 ,! /udy ( h[ to take c>e ( ! body is hygi5e 7hy'-je574 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,! body is some?+ l a h\se4 ,x has an outside & an inside2 x has holl[ places inside ( x1 & !re are _m wond]ful ?+s 9 !m4 #b4 ,! body is also l a wond]ful ma*9e4 #c4 ,x is necess>y to take good c>e ( ! body 9 ord] to keep x well & useful1 j z we w\ld take good c>e ( a ma*9e to keep x f we>+ out too soon4 #d4 ,! body has _m diff]5t p>ts1 call$ organs1 ea* ( :i* has "s p>ticul> "w to d4 #e4 ,9 le>n+ ab\t ! body1 we h to /udy anatomy1 physiology1 & hygi5e4 #f4 ,! /udy ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 h[ !y are =m$ & jo9$ toge!r1 is anatomy4 ,physiology tells u :at ! body does1 hygi5e tells u h[ to take c>e ( x4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,a ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,body4 #a4 ,p>ts ( ! ,body4--,:at d we call ! ma9 "p ( a tree8 ,! trunk1 y say4 ,! ma9 "p ( ! body is also call$ its trunk4 ,!re are two arms & two legs gr[+ out ( ! human trunk4 ,! bran*es ( a tree we call limbs1 & s we speak ( ! arms & legs z limbs4 ,we sometimes call ! arms ! upp] extremities1 & ! legs ! l[] extremities4 ,at ! top ( ! trunk is ! head4 #b4 ,names ( ! ,p>ts4--,n[ let u look m closely at ^! diff]5t p>ts4 ,z we speak ! "n ( ea* "p1 let ea* "o t\* t "p ( himself :i* is nam$4 ,we w beg9 ) ! head4 ,! *ief p>ts ( ! head are ! skull & ! face4 ,! =ehead1 ! temples1 ! *eeks1 ! eyes1 ! e>s1 ! nose1 ! m\?1 & ! *9 are p>ts ( ! face4 #c4 ,! *ief p>ts ( ! trunk are ! *e/1 ! abdom5 7ab-d'-m571 & ! backbone4 ,! head is jo9$ to ! trunk by ! neck4 #d4 ,ea* arm has a %\ld]1 upp]-arm1 =e-arm1 wri/1 & h&4 ,! f+]s are a "p ( ! h&4 #e4 ,ea* leg has a hip1 ?igh1 l[] leg1 ankle1 & foot4 ,! toes are a "p ( ! foot4 #f4 ,our h&s & face & ! :ole body are cov]$ ) some?+ z s(t & smoo? z ! f9e/ silk4 ,x is ! sk94 ,:at is x t gr[s f ! sk9 on ! head8 & :at at ! ends ( ! f+]s & ! toes8 ,we %all le>n m ab\t ! sk91 ! hair1 & ! nails 9 ano!r lesson4 #g4 ,! body has two sides1 ! "r side & ! left side1 :i* are alike4 ,we h two eyes1 two e>s1 two arms1 etc4 ,we h b "o nose1 "o m\?1 & "o *91 b ea* ( ^! organs has two halves1 :i* are j alike4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,! body has a head & trunk1 two arms1 & two legs4 #b4 ,! p>ts ( ! head are ! skull & face4 ,! =ehead1 temples1 *eeks1 eyes1 e>s1 nose1 m\? & *9 are p>ts ( ! face4 #c4 ,! p>ts ( ! trunk are1 ! *e/1 abdom51 & backbone4 ,! neck jo9s ! head & trunk4 #d4 ,ea* arm has a %\ld]1 upp]-arm1 =e-arm1 wri/1 & h&4 ,! f+]s belong to ! h&4 #e4 ,ea* leg has a hip1 ?igh1 l[] leg1 ankle1 & foot4 ,! toes belong to ! foot4 #f4 ,! :ole body is cov]$ by ! sk94 #g4 ,! two sides ( ! body are alike4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,inside ,,( ,,! ,,body4 #a4 ,?us f> we h tak5 only a brief look at ! outside ( ! body1 j z if we _h look$ at ! case ( a wat*1 & ( c\rse we h f\nd out v little ab\t its _m wond]ful p>ts4 ,v likely y want to ask a great _m que/ions1 su* z1 ,h[ does ! inside ( ! body look8 ,:at is 9 ! skull8 ,:at is 9 ! *e/8 ,:at is 9 ! abdom58 ,:y d we eat & dr9k8 ,:y d we become hungry & ?ir/y8 ,:at makes u tir$ & sleepy8 ,h[ d we keep w>m8 ,:y d we brea!8 ,h[ d we gr[8 ,h[ d we move ab\t8 ,h[ d we talk1 laugh1 & s+8 ,h[ d we see1 he>1 feel1 ta/e1 & smell8 ,h[ d we rememb]1 ?9k1 & reason8 ,all ^!1 & a great _m m int]e/+ que/ions1 y w f9d answ]$ 9 ! foll[+ lessons1 if y /udy ea* "o well4 #b4 ,:5 we /udy ! inside ( ! body1 we beg9 to und]/& h[ wond]fully we are made4 ,we _c all see ! inside ( ! body1 & x is n necess>y t we %\ld d s4 ,_m le>n$ m5 h sp5t _! :ole lives 9 seek+ to f9d out all ab\t our bodies & ! bodies ( v>i\s animals4 #c4 ,! ,bones4--,if y take hold ( y\r arm1 x seems s(t on ! outside2 & if y press ^u x1 y w feel some?+ h>d inside4 ,! s(t "p is call$ fle%4 ,! h>d "p is call$ bone4 ,if y wi%1 y c easily get "o ( ! bones ( an animal at ! but*]'s %op1 or y may f9d "o 9 ! fields4 #d4 ,! ,skeleton4--,all ! bones ( an animal1 :5 plac$ prop]ly toge!r1 h ne>ly ! %ape ( ! body1 & are call$ ! skeleton 7skel'-e-ton74 ,! skeleton =ms ! framework ( ! body1 j z ! heavy timb]s ( a h\se =m its framework4 ,x supports all ! p>ts4 #e4 ,! ,skull4--,! bony "p ( ! head is call$ ! skull4 ,9 ! skull is a holl[ place or *amb]4 ,y "k t a ri* man (t5 has a /rong room or box 9 8 f9e h\se1 9 :i* to keep 8 gold & o!r valuable ?+s4 ,! *amb] 9 ! skull is ! /rong-room ( ! body4 ,x has /rong1 t\gh walls ( bone1 & conta9s ! bra94 ,! bra9 is ! mo/ important1 & also ! mo/ t5d] & delicate organ 9 ! :ole body4 ,?is is :y x is s c>efully gu>d$ f injury4 #f4 ,! ,backbone4--,! framework ( ! back is call$ ! backbone4 ,?is is n a s+le bone1 b a r[ ( bones arrang$ "o above ano!r4 ,ea* bone has a hole ?r\gh x1 ab\t z l>ge z "o ( y\r f+]s4 ,a l>ge bran* f ! bra91 call$ ! sp9al cord1 runs d[n ?r\gh ! middle ( ! backbone1 s t ! sep>ate bones look z if !y 7 /rung on ! sp9al cord1 l beads on a /r+4 #g4 ,! ,trunk4--,! trunk ( ! body1 l ! skull1 is holl[4 ,its walls are =m$ p>tly by ! backbone & ! ribs & p>tly by fle%4 ,a fle%y wall divides ! holl[ ( ! trunk into two p>ts1 an upp] *amb] call$ ! *e/1 & a l[] call$ ! abdom54 #h4 ,! ,lungs & ,he>t4--,! *e/ conta9s a pair ( organs call$ ! lungs1 ) :i* we brea!4 ,x also conta9s some?+ :i* we c feel beat+ at ! left side4 ,?is is ! he>t4 ,! he>t lies betwe5 ! two lungs1 & a little to ! left side4 #i4 ,! ,/oma* & ,liv]4--,9 ! abdom5 are "s v wond]ful organs t d diff]5t k9ds ( "w = ! body4 ,among !m are ! /oma*1 ! b[els1 & ! liv]4 ,!re are1 also1 o!r organs ^: names we %all le>n :5 we come to /udy !m4 #aj4 ,c>e ( ! ,body4--,we h only begun to /udy ! beautiful h\se 9 :i* we live1 & yet h we n le>n$ en\gh to %[ u h[ great & wise is ! ,creator :o made u & all ! wond]ful ma*9]y )9 our bodies8 ,if "s "o %\ld give y a beautiful pres5t1 w\ld y treat x c>elessly & spoil x1 or w\ld y take good c>e ( x & keep x nice z long z possible8 ,ought we n to take su* c>e ( our bodies z to keep !m 9 t p]fect & beautiful condition 9 :i* our k9d & good ,creator gave !m to u8 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,! body has a framework1 call$ ! skeleton4 #b4 ,! skeleton is made up ( _m diff]5t p>ts1 ea* ( :i* is call$ a bone4 #c4 ,! bones are cov]$ by ! fle%4 #d4 ,! bones ( ! head =m ! skull1 :i* is holl[ & conta9s ! bra94 #e4 ,a r[ ( bones arrang$ 9 ! back1 "o above ano!r1 =ms ! backbone4 ,! backbone has a canal runn+ ?r\gh x l5g?wise1 9 :i* lies ! sp9al cord4 #f4 ,! trunk is holl[1 & has two *amb]s1 "o call$ ! cavity ( ! *e/1 & ! o!r ! cavity ( ! abdom54 #g4 ,! *e/ conta9s ! two lungs & ! he>t4 #h4 ,! abdom5 conta9s ! /oma*1 liv]1 & _m o!r v important organs4 #i4 ,is x n our duty to take good c>e ( our bodies z we w\ld ( "s nice pres5t f a fri5d8 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,our ,,foods4 #a4 ,we all "k v well t if we d n eat we %all rapidly lose 9 weight1 & become v weak & feeble4 ,did y ev] ?9k h[ mu* "o eats 9 ! c\rse ( a lifetime8 ,let u see if we c figure x up4 ,h[ mu* d y suppose a boy eats 9 a day8 ,let u say two p\nds4 ,h[ mu* does he eat 9 a ye>8 ,!re are ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five days 9 a ye>2 #cfe multipli$ by #b equals #gcj4 ,s a boy eats a good _m times 8 own weight 9 a ye>4 ,h[ mu* w\ld a p]son eat 9 fifty ye>s8 #b4 ,our bodies are compos$ ( :at we eat4 ,if we eat bad food1 our bodies w be made out ( poor mat]ial1 & w n be able to d _! "w well4 ,s y see h[ important x is to le>n some?+ ab\t our foods4 ,we ought to "k :at ?+s are good = u to eat1 & :at w d u h>m4 #c4 ,foods & ,poisons4--,foods are ^? sub/ances :i* n\ri% ! body & keep x 9 good work+ ord]4 #d4 ,our foods are obta9$ f bo? animals & plants4 ,all food really comes f plants1 h[ev]1 s9ce ^? animals :i* we sometimes use z food !mselves live ^u ! vegetables :i* !y eat4 ,= example1 ! ox & ! c[ eat grass & furni% u beef & milk4 ,*ick5s eat corn & o!r gra9s1 & supply u ) eggs4 #e4 ,! pr9cipal animal foods are milk1 *eese1 eggs1 & ! diff]5t k9ds ( fle%--beef1 mutton1 pork1 fi%1 f[l1 & wild game4 ,we obta9 a great _m m k9ds ( food f plants ?an f animals4 ,mo/ plant foods are includ$ 9 ?ree classes--fruits1 gra9s1 & vegetables4 #f4 ,fruits are ! fle%y p>ts ( plants :i* conta9 ! se$s4 ,our mo/ common fruits are apples1 pe>s1 pea*es1 plums1 *]ries1 & v>i\s k9ds ( nuts4 ,p]haps y "k ( "s o!r k9ds ( fruits besides ^? m5tion$4 ,y\r tea*] w tell y t tomatoes1 wat]melons1 & pumpk9s are really fruits1 ?\gh !y are n g5]ally s call$4 #g4 ,! se$s ( grass-l plants are kn[n z gra9s1 ( :i* we h :eat1 rye1 b>ley1 corn1 & rice4 ,!re are a few se$s t gr[ 9 pods1 su* z pease & beans1 :i* some:at resemble gra9s4 #h4 ,we eat ! leaves1 /ems1 or roots ( "s plants1 z cabbages1 cel]y1 turnips1 & potatoes4 ,foods ( ?is k9d are call$ vegetables4 #i4 ,!re are o!r ?+s1 :i*1 if we eat or dr9k !m1 w make u sick or o!rwise d u h>m4 ,^! are call$ poisons4 ,only su* food z is pure & free f poisons is good or safe = u to use4 #aj4 ,n>cotics & ,/imulants4--,!re are a numb] ( sub/ances kn[n z n>cotics & /imulants1 :i*1 f _! effects ^u ! body1 may be class$ z poisons4 ,tobacco1 opium1 alcohol1 & *loral are includ$ 9 ?is class4 ,dea? has (t5 be5 caus$ by tak+ small quantities ( any ( ^! poison\s drugs4 ,we %all le>n m ( ! effects ( tobacco & alcohol 9 future lessons4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,our bodies are made ( :at we eat4 #b4 ,?+s :i* w help u to gr[ /rong & well1 if we eat !m1 are foods4 #c4 ,we get foods f plants & animals4 #d4 ,!re are sev]al k9ds ( animal foods1 & ?ree classes ( plant foods--fruits1 gra9s1 & vegetables4 #e4 ,?+s :i* make u sick :5 we eat !m1 are poisons4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,unheal?ful ,,foods4 #a4 ,mo/ p]sons eat _m ?+s :i* are n good = !m4 ,"s p d n /op to ?9k :e!r :at !y eat is good = !m or likely to d !m h>m4 ,sometimes1 )\t kn[+ x1 we eat ?+s :i* are h>mful to u4 ,d y n ?9k t we %\ld try to le>n :at is good to eat & :at is n good1 & !n be v c>eful n to eat any?+ :i* is likely to d u h>m8 #b4 ,diseas$ ,foods4--,:5 a p]son is sick1 he is said to be diseas$4 ,animals are sometimes sick or diseas$4 ,vegetables are also sometimes diseas$4 ,animals & vegetables t are diseas$ are n good = food4 ,di%one/ m51 h[ev]1 sometimes sell !m to ^? :o d n "k t !y are unfit to be eat54 #c4 ,pork1 ! fle% ( ! hog1 is m likely to be diseas$ ?an any o!r k9d ( animal food4 #d4 ,beef & mutton may be diseas$ also4 ,%eep & cattle are sometimes sick ( diseases v mu* l ^? :i* human be+s h4 ,meat :i* is pale1 yell[i%1 or ( a d>k r$ color1 is unheal?ful1 & %\ld n be eat54 ,meat %\ld nev] be eat5 raw4 ,x %\ld always be well cook$4 #e4 ,unripe ,foods4--,mo/ vegetable foods are unfit to be eat5 :5 gre5 or unripe1 especially if uncook$4 ,sometimes p]sons are made v sick inde$ by eat+ su* articles z gre5 apples or unripe pea*es4 #f4 ,/ale or ,decay$ ,foods4--,food :i* has be5 all[$ to /& until x is spoil$1 or has become /ale1 mu/y1 or m\ldy1 su* z m\ldy bread or fruit1 or ta9t$ meat1 is unfit to be eat51 & is (t5 a cause ( v sev]e sickness4 ,cann$ fi% or o!r meats spoil v quickly aft] ! cans are op5$1 & %\ld be eat5 ! same day4 #g4 ,adult]at$ ,foods4--,_m ( our foods are sometimes spoil$ or injur$ by p]sons :o put into !m *eap sub/ances :i* are h>mful to heal?4 ,!y d ?is s z to make m money 9 sell+ !m4 ,?is is call$ adult]ation4 ,! foods :i* are mo/ likely to be injur$ by adult]ation are milk1 sug>1 & butt]4 #h4 ,milk is mo/ (t5 adult]at$ by add+ wat]1 ?\gh sometimes o!r ?+s are add$4 ,sometimes ! wat] is n pure1 & p are made sick & die4 ,! adult]ation ( milk or any o!r food is a v wick$ practice4 #i4 ,butt] is sometimes made almo/ :olly f l>d or tall[4 ,?is is call$ oleom>g>9e or butt]9e4 ,if ! l>d or tall[ is f diseas$ animals1 ! false butt] made f x may cause disease4 #aj4 ,a great deal ( ! sug> & syrups :i* we buy is made f corn by a curi\s process1 :i* *anges ! />* ( ! corn into sug>4 ,sug> :i* has be5 made 9 ?is way is n s sweet z cane sug>1 & is n heal?ful4 #aa4 ,condim5ts or ,season+s4--,^! are sub/ances :i* are add$ to our food = ! purpose ( giv+ to x special flavors4 ,condim5ts are n foods1 because !y d n n\ri% ! body 9 any way1 & are n necess>y to pres]ve x 9 heal?4 #ab4 ,! mo/ common condim5ts are1 mu/>d1 pepp]1 pepp]-sauce1 g+]1 cay5ne-pepp]1 & spices4 ,all ^! sub/ances are irritat+4 ,if we put mu/>d ^u ! sk91 x w make ! sk9 r$1 & 9 a little "t w raise a bli/]4 ,if we happ5 to get a little pepp] 9 ! eye1 x makes x sm>t & become v r$ & inflam$4 ,:5 we take ^! ?+s into ! /oma*1 !y cause ! /oma* to sm>t1 & its l9+ membrane becomes r$ j z ! sk9 or ! eye does4 #ac4 ,nature has put into our foods v nice flavors to make u enjoy eat+ !m4 ,condim5ts are likely to d u great h>m1 & h5ce x is f> bett] n to use !m4 #ad4 ,tobacco4--,mo/ ( y "k t tobacco is obta9$ f a plant :i* has long1 broad leaves4 ,^! leaves are dri$ & !n roll$ up into cig>s1 gr\nd into snuff1 or prep>$ = *ew+4 ,illu/ration3 ,tobacco-,plant4 #ae4 ,tobacco has a sm>t+1 sick5+ ta/e4 ,d y ?9k x w\ld be good to eat8 ,:y n8 #af4 ,y "k t tobacco makes p sick :5 !y fir/ beg9 to use x4 ,?is is because x conta9s a v deadly poison1 call$ nicot9e4 #ag4 ,if y give tobacco to a cat or a dog1 x w become v sick4 ,a boy once gave a piece ( tobacco to a monkey1 :i* swall[$ x n kn[+ :at a bad ?+ x 04 ,! monkey soon became sick & di$4 #ah4 ,_m le>n$ doctors h notic$ ! effects :i* come f us+ tobacco1 & !y all say x does great h>m to boys1 t x makes !m puny & weak1 & prev5ts _! gr[+ up into /rong & useful m54 ,if tobacco is n good = boys1 d y ?9k x c be good = m58 ,c]ta9ly y w say1 ,no4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,bo? animals & plants are sometimes diseas$4 ,fle% obta9$ f sick or diseas$ animals is unfit = food4 #b4 ,unripe1 /ale1 & m\ldy foods are unfit to be eat5 & likely to cause sev]e illness4 #c4 ,foods are sometimes spoil$ by hav+ ?+s mix$ ) !m :i* are n food1 or :i* are poison\s4 #d4 ,! foods mo/ liable to be adult]at$ 9 ?is way are milk1 sug>1 & butt]4 #e4 ,tobacco1 :ile n actually eat51 is ?\ght by "s p]sons to be a food1 b x is n4 ,x is a poison1 & injures all :o use x4 #f4 ,boys :o use tobacco d n gr[ /rong 9 body & m9d4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,our ,,dr9ks4 #a4 ,wat] is really ! only dr9k4 ,x is ! only sub/ance :i* w satisfy ?ir/4 ,all o!r fluids :i* we dr9k consi/ mo/ly ( wat]4 ,?us1 lemonade is lemon-juice & wat]4 ,milk is *iefly wat]4 ,w9e1 be]1 cid]1 & su* liquids conta9 alcohol & _m o!r ?+s1 mix$ ) wat]4 #b4 ,:y we ,ne$ ,wat]4--,if we %\ld wet a sponge & lay x away1 x w\ld become dry 9 a few h\rs1 z ! wat] w\ld pass (f into ! air4 ,our bodies are los+ wat] all ! "t1 & we ne$ to dr9k to keep ourselves f dry+ up4 #c4 ,wat] is also v necess>y = o!r purposes4 ,x s(t5s our food s t we c *ew & swall[ x1 & helps to c>ry x ar\nd 9 ! body aft] x has be5 dige/$1 9 a way ab\t :i* we %all le>n 9 future lessons4 #d4 ,/ill ano!r use = wat] is to dissolve & wa% out ( our bodies1 ?r\gh ! sweat ( ! sk91 & 9 o!r ways1 ! wa/e & worn-out p>ticles :i* are no long] ( any use4 #e4 ,impure ,wat]4--,mo/ wat]s h m or less sub/ances dissolv$ 9 !m4 ,wat] :i* has mu* lime 9 x is call$ h>d wat]4 ,su* wat] is n s good to dr9k1 or = use 9 cook+1 z s(t wat]4 ,t wat] is be/ :i* holds no sub/ances 9 solution4 ,well-wat] sometimes conta9s sub/ances :i* soak into wells f vaults or cesspools4 ,slops :i* are p\r$ ^u ! gr\nd soak d[n out ( sight2 b ! f\l sub/ances :i* !y conta9 are n de/roy$4 ,!y rema9 9 ! soil1 & :5 ! ra9s come1 !y are wa%$ d[n into ! well if x is ne> by4 ,y c see "s ( ! ?+s f\nd 9 bad wat] 9 ! illu/ration giv5 on opposite page4 #f4 ,x is be/ n to dr9k ic$ wat] :5 ! body is heat$1 or dur+ meals4 ,if x is necess>y to dr9k v cold wat]1 ! bad effects may be avoid$ by sipp+ x v sl[ly4 #g4 ,tea & ,c(fee4--,_m p dr9k tea or c(fee at _! meals1 & "s p]sons ?9k t ^! dr9ks are useful foods2 b !y really h little or no value z foods4 ,bo? tea & c(fee conta9 a poison :i*1 :5 sep>at$ 9 a pure =m1 is s deadly t a v small quantity is en\gh to kill a cat or a dog4 ,?is poison (t5 does mu* h>m to ^? :o dr9k tea or c(fee v /rong = any great l5g? ( "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,drop ,,( ,,impure ,,wat] ,,magnifi$4 #h4 ,alcohol 7al'-co-hol74--,all ( y "k some?+ ab\t alcohol4 ,p]haps y h se5 x burn 9 a lamp4 ,x w burn )\t a lamp1 if we light x4 ,x is s cle> & colorless t x looks l wat]4 ,! ,indians call x fire-wat]4 ,alcohol diff]s v mu* f foods4 ,x is n produc$ f plants1 z fruits & gra9s are2 nei!r is x suppli$ by ,nature ready = our use1 z are air & wat]4 #i4 ,f]m5tation4--,:5 a bak] makes bread he puts "s yea/ 9 ! d\gh to make x rise1 s ! bread w be light4 ,! yea/ de/roys "s ( ! sug> & />* 9 ! fl\r & *anges x into alcohol & a gas4 ,! gas bubbles up ?r\gh ! d\gh1 & ?is is :at makes ! bread light4 ,?is is call$ f]m5tation 7f]-m5-ta'-tion74 ,! little alcohol :i* is =m$ 9 ! bread does no h>m1 because x is all driv5 (f by ! heat :5 ! bread is bak$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f]m5tation4 #aj4 ,any moi/ sub/ance or liquid :i* conta9s sug> w f]m5t if yea/ is add$ to x1 or if x is kept 9 a w>m place4 ,y "k t cann$ fruit sometimes spoils4 ,?is is because x f]m5ts4 ,f]m5tation is a sort ( decay4 ,:5 ! juice ( grapes1 apples1 or o!r fruit is all[$ to /& 9 a w>m place x works1 or f]m5ts1 & ?us produces alcohol4 ,w9e is f]m5t$ grape-juice2 h>d cid] is f]m5t$ apple-juice4 #aa4 ,be]1 ale1 & simil> dr9ks are made f gra9s4 ,! gra9 is fir/ moi/5$ & all[$ to spr\t4 ,9 spr\t+1 ! />* ( ! gra9 is *ang$ to sug>4 ,! gra9 is next dri$ & gr\nd1 & is !n boil$ ) wat]4 ,! wat] dissolves ! sug>4 ,! sweet liquid ?us obta9$ is sep>at$ f ! gra91 & yea/ is add$ to x4 ,?is causes x to f]m5t1 :i* *anges ! sug> to alcohol4 ,?us we see t ! gra9 does n conta9 alcohol 9 ! fir/ place1 b t x is produc$ by f]m5tation4 #ab4 ,all f]m5t$ liquids conta9 m or less alcohol1 mix$ ) wat] & a good _m o!r ?+s4 ,rum1 br&y1 g91 :iskey1 & pure alcohol are made by sep>at+ ! alcohol f ! o!r sub/ances4 ,?is is done by means ( a /ill1 & is call$ di/illation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,di/illation4 #ac4 ,y c le>n h[ a /ill sep>ates ! alcohol by a little exp]im5t4 ,:5 a tea-pot is boil+ on ! /ove & ! /eam is com+ out at ! nozzle1 hold up to ! nozzle a common dr9k+-glass fill$ ) ic$ wat]1 fir/ tak+ c>e to wipe ! outside ( ! glass p]fectly dry4 ,little drops ( wat] w soon ga!r ^u ! side ( ! glass4 ,if y t\* ^! to ! tongue y w obs]ve t !y ta/e ( ! tea4 ,x is because a little ( ! tea has escap$ ) ! /eam & cond5s$ ^u ! glass4 ,?is is di/illation4 #ad4 ,if ! tea-pot _h conta9$ w9e1 or be]1 or h>d cid]1 ! di/ill$ wat] w\ld h conta9$ alcohol in/ead ( tea4 ,by di/ill+ ! liquid sev]al times ! alcohol may be obta9$ almo/ pure4 #ae4 ,alcohol kills ,animals & ,plants4--,/rong alcohol has a deadly effect ^u all liv+ ?+s4 ,once a man gave a dog a few tablespoonfuls ( alcohol1 & 9 a little :ile ! dog 0 dead4 ,if y %\ld p\r alcohol ^u a plant x w\ld die v soon4 #af4 ,a man once made a cruel exp]im5t4 ,he put "s m9n[s into a j> ( wat] & !n p\r$ 9 a few teaspoonfuls ( alcohol4 ,! m9n[s tri$ v h>d to get out1 b !y c\ld n1 & 9 a little :ile !y 7 all dead1 poison$ by ! alcohol4 ,a ,fr5*man once gave alcohol to "s pigs ) _! food4 ,!y soon became sick & di$4 #ag4 ,alcohol n a ,food4--,!re are "s p :o imag9e t alcohol is good = food because x is made f fruits & gra9s :i* are good = food4 ,?is is a s]i\s mi/ake4 ,a p]son c live on ! fruits or gra9s f :i* alcohol is made1 b no "o w\ld attempt to live ^u alcohol4 ,if he did1 he w\ld soon />ve to dea?4 ,9 fact1 m5 h (t5 di$ 9 consequ5ce ( try+ to use :iskey 9 place ( food4 #ah4 ,we %\ld rememb]1 also1 t p d n take alcohol z a food1 b = c]ta9 effects :i* x produces1 :i* are n ^? ( a food1 b ( a poison4 #ai4 ,_m p :o w\ld n dr9k /rong or di/ill$ liquors1 ?9k t !y w suff] no h>m if !y use only w9e1 be]1 or cid]4 ,?is is a great mi/ake4 ,^! liquids conta9 alcohol1 z d all f]m5t$ dr9ks4 ,a p]son w become drunk or intoxicat$ by dr9k+ w9e1 be]1 or cid]--only a l>g] quantity is requir$ to produce ! same effect z rum or :iskey4 #bj4 ,ano!r v s]i\s ?+ to be ?\ght ( is t if a p]son =ms ! habit ( dr9k+ w9e1 cid]1 or o!r f]m5t$ dr9ks1 he becomes s fond ( ! effect !y produce t he soon wants "s /rong] dr9k1 & ?us he is l$ to use :iskey or o!r /rong liquors4 ,on ?is acc\nt x is n safe to use any k9d ( alcoholic dr9ks1 ei!r f]m5t$ or di/ill$4 ,! only safe plan is to avoid ! use ( e sort ( /imulat+ or intoxicat+ dr9ks4 #ba4 ,x has be5 f\nd by obs]vation t ^? p]sons :o use intoxicat+ dr9ks are n s heal?y z ^? :o d n use !m1 &1 z a rule1 !y d n live s long4 #bb4 ,?is is f\nd to be true n only ( ^? :o use :iskey & o!r /rong liquors1 b also ( ^? :o use f]m5t$ dr9ks1 z w9e & be]4 ,be] dr9k]s are mu* m likely to suff] f disease ?an ^? :o are /rictly temp]ate4 ,x is (t5 notic$ by physicians t :5 a be]-dr9k] becomes sick or meets ) an accid5t1 he does n recov] s readily z "o :o uses no k9d ( alcoholic dr9ks4 #bc4 ,alcoholic dr9ks n only make p unheal?y & %ort5 _! lives1 b !y are also ! cause ( mu* pov]ty & crime & an untold am\nt ( mis]y4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,wat] is ! only ?+ t w satisfy ?ir/4 #b4 ,9 go+ ?r\gh our bodies1 wat] wa%es out _m impurities4 ,we also ne$ wat] to s(t5 our food4 #c4 ,! pure/ wat] is ! be/4 ,impure wat] causes sickness4 #d4 ,good wat] has no color1 ta/e1 or odor4 #e4 ,tea & c(fee are n good dr9ks4 ,!y are v injuri\s to *ildr51 & (t5 d old] p]sons mu* h>m4 #f4 ,alcohol is made by f]m5tation4 #g4 ,pure alcohol & /rong liquors are made by di/illation4 #h4 ,alcohol is n a food1 x is a poison4 ,x kills plants & animals1 & is v injuri\s to human be+s4 #i4 ,ev5 ! mod]ate use ( alcoholic dr9ks produces disease & %ort5s life4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,h[ ,,we ,,dige/4 #a4 ,did y ev] see a ,v5us's fly-trap8 ,?is curi\s plant gr[s 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,x is call$ a fly-trap because x has on ea* ( its leaves some?+ l a /eel-trap1 by means ( :i* x cat*es flies4 ,y c see "o ( ^! traps 9 ! picture4 ,:5 a fly t\*es ! leaf1 ! trap %uts up at once1 & ! poor fly is caught & _c get away4 ,! h>d] x tries to escape1 ! m tightly ! trap closes ^u x1 until aft] a "t x is cru%$ to dea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v5us',s ,,fly-,,trap4 #b4 ,b we h yet to le>n ! mo/ curi\s ?+ ab\t ?is /range plant1 :i* seems to act s mu* l an animal4 ,if we op5 ! leaf aft] a few days1 x w be f\nd t ! fly has almo/ entirely disappe>$4 ,! fly has n escap$1 b x has be5 dissolv$ by a fluid =m$ inside ( ! trap1 & ! plant has absorb$ a portion ( ! fly4 ,9 fact1 x has really eat5 x4 ,! process by :i* food is dissolv$ & *ang$ s t x c be absorb$ & may n\ri% ! body1 is call$ dige/ion 7di-ges'-tion74 #c4 ,! ,v5us's fly-trap has a v simple way ( dige/+ its food4 ,its rem>kable little trap s]ves x z a m\? to cat* & hold its food1 & z a /oma* to dige/ x4 ,! arrangem5t by :i* our food is dige/$ is mu* less simple ?an ?is4 ,let u /udy ! diff]5t p>ts by :i* ?is wond]ful "w is done4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,dige/ive ,,tube4 #d4 ,! ,dige/ive ,tube4--,! mo/ important "p ( ! "w ( dige/+ our food is done 9 a long tube )9 ! body1 call$ ! dige/ive tube or canal4 #e4 ,?is tube is tw5ty-five or ?irty feet long 9 a full-gr[n man2 b x is s coil$ up & fold$ away t x occupies b little space4 ,x beg9s at ! m\?1 & ends at ! l[] "p ( ! trunk4 ,! great] "p ( x is coil$ up 9 ! abdom54 #f4 ,! ,m\?4--,! space betwe5 ! upp] & ! l[] jaw is call$ ! m\?4 ,! lips =m ! front "p & ! *eeks ! sides4 ,at ! back "p are ?ree op5+s4 ,"o1 ! upp]1 leads into ! nose4 ,!re are two l[] op5+s4 ,"o ( ^! leads into ! /oma*1 & ! o!r leads to ! lungs4 ,! back "p ( ! m\? jo9s ! two tubes :i* lead f ! m\? to ! lungs & ! /oma*1 & is call$ ! ?roat4 ,! m\? conta9s ! tongue & ! tee?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tee?4 #g4 ,! ,tee?4--,! fir/ tee?1 ^? :i* come :5 we are small *ildr51 are call$ tempor>y or milk tee?4 ,we lose ^! tee? z ! jaws get l>g] & ! second or p]man5t tee? take _! place4 ,!re are tw5ty tee? 9 ! fir/ set1 & ?irty-two 9 ! second4 ,v old p]sons sometimes h a ?ird set ( tee?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,saliv>y ,,gl&s4 #h4 ,! ,saliv>y 7sal'-i-v>y7 ,gl&s4--,!re are ?ree pairs ( saliv>y gl&s4 ,!y =m a fluid call$ ! saliva 7sa-li'-va74 ,x is ?is fluid :i* moi/5s ! m\? at all times4 ,:5 we eat or ta/e some?+ :i* we l1 ! saliv>y gl&s make s mu* saliva t we sometimes say ! m\? wat]s4 ,"o pair ( ! saliv>y gl&s is at ! back "p ( ! l[] jaw1 9 front ( ! e>s4 ,! o!r two pairs ( gl&s are plac$ at ! "u side ( ! m\?4 ,! saliva produc$ by ! saliv>y gl&s is s5t into ! m\? ?r\gh little tubes call$ ducts4 #i4 ,! ,gullet4--,at ! back "p ( ! ?roat beg9s a n>r[ tube1 :i* passes d[n to ! /oma*4 ,?is tube is ab\t n9e in*es long4 ,x is call$ ! gullet1 food-pipe1 or oesophagus 7e-soph'-a-gus74 #aj4 ,! ,/oma*4--,at ! l[] end ( ! oesophagus ! dige/ive tube becomes enl>g$1 & has a %ape some:at l a pe>4 ,?is is ! /oma*4 ,9 a full-gr[n p]son ! /oma* is suffici5tly l>ge to hold ab\t ?ree p9ts4 ,at ea* end ( ! /oma* is a n>r[ op5+ s arrang$ t x c be op5$ or tightly clos$1 z may be necess>y4 ,! upp] op5+ all[s ! food to pass into ! /oma*1 ! l[] "o all[s x to pass out into ! inte/9es4 ,?is op5+ is call$ ! pylorus 7py-lo'-rus71 or gate-keep]1 because x closes s z to keep ! food 9 ! /oma* until x is ready to pass out4 #aa4 ,9 ! membrane :i* l9es ! /oma* !re are _m little pocket-l gl&s1 9 :i* a fluid call$ ! ga/ric juice is =m$4 ,?is fluid is "o ( ! mo/ important ( all ! fluids =m$ 9 ! dige/ive canal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ga/ric ,,gl&4 #ab4 ,! ,inte/9e79-tes'-t9e74--,at ! l[] end ( ! /oma* ! dige/ive canal becomes n>r[ aga94 ,?is n>r[ portion1 call$ ! inte/9e1 is ab\t tw5ty-five feet long 9 a gr[n p]son4 ,! la/ few feet ( ! inte/9e is l>g] ?an ! re/1 & is call$ ! colon4 ,?is long tube is coil$ up & snugly pack$ away 9 ! cavity ( ! abdom54 ,9 ! membrane l9+ ! inte/9es are to be f\nd little gl&s1 :i* make a fluid call$ inte/9al juice4 #ac4 ,! ,liv]4--,close up "u ! ribs1 on ! "r side ( ! body1 is a l>ge *ocolate-color$ organ1 call$ ! liv]4 ,! liv] is ab\t half z l>ge z ! head1 & is %ap$ s z to fit snugly into its corn] ( ! abdom54 ,! *ief bus9ess ( ! liv] is to make a fluid call$ bile1 :i* is v necess>y = ! dige/ion ( our food4 #ad4 ,! bile is a bitt] fluid ( a gold5-br[n color4 ,x is c>ri$ to ! inte/9e by means ( a little tube or duct1 :i* ent]s ! small inte/9e a few in*es bel[ ! /oma*4 ,:5 ! bile is made fa/] ?an x is ne$$ = imm$iate use1 x is /or$ up 9 a little pe>-%ap$ sac call$ ! gall-bladd]1 :i* hangs f ! "u side ( ! liv]4 #ae4 ,! liv] is a v wond]ful organ1 & does _m useful ?+s besides mak+ bile4 ,x aids 9 v>i\s ways 9 dige/+ ! food1 & helps to keep ! blood pure by remov+ f x h>mful sub/ances :i* are =m$ )9 ! body4 #af4 ,! ,pancreas7pan'-cre-z74--,! pancreas is ano!r l>ge & v important gl& :i* is f\nd close to ! /oma*1 ly+ j beh9d x 9 ! abdom9al cavity4 ,! pancreas =ms a fluid call$ ! pancreatic juice1 :i* ent]s ! small inte/9e at ne>ly ! same place z ! bile4 #ag4 ,! ,sple54--,close to ! pancreas1 at ! left side ( ! body1 is a d>k1 r\ndi% organ ab\t ! size ( ! fi/1 call$ ! sple54 ,x is n kn[n t ! sple5 has mu* to d 9 ! "w ( dige/ion1 b x is s closely connect$ ) ! dige/ive organs t we ne$ to "k ab\t x4 #ah4 ,please note t !re are five important organs ( dige/ion4 ,! m\?1 ! /oma*1 ! inte/9es1 ! pancreas1 & ! liv]4 #ai4 ,also obs]ve t !re are five dige/ive fluids1 saliva1 ga/ric juice1 bile1 pancreatic juice1 & inte/9al juice4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,! process ( dissolv+ & *ang+ ! food s t x may be absorb$ & may n\ri% ! body is dige/ion4 #b4 ,! "w ( dige/ion is *iefly done 9 ! dige/ive tube or canal1 :i* is ab\t ?irty feet 9 l5g?4 #c4 ,! m\? conta9s ! tee?1 & has ?ree pairs ( saliv>y gl&s connect$ ) x1 :i* make saliva4 #d4 ,! gullet leads f ! m\? to ! /oma*4 #e4 ,! /oma* is pe>-%ap$1 & holds ab\t ?ree p9ts4 #f4 ,x has an upp] & a l[] op5+1 ea* ( :i* is gu>d$ by a muscle1 :i* keeps its cont5ts f escap+4 #g4 ,! l[] op5+ ( ! /oma* is call$ ! pylorus4 #h4 ,! /oma* =ms ! ga/ric juice4 #i4 ,! inte/9es are ab\t tw5ty-five feet long4 ,!y =m ! inte/9al juice4 #aj4 ,! liv] lies "u ! ribs ( ! "r side4 ,x is ab\t half z l>ge z ! head4 ,x makes bile4 #aa4 ,:5 n ne$$ = imm$iate use1 ! bile is /or$ up 9 a sac call$ ! gall-bladd]4 #ab4 ,! pancreas is a gl& :i* lies j back ( ! /oma*4 ,x makes pancreatic juice4 #ac4 ,! sple5 is f\nd ne> ! pancreas4 #ad4 ,!re are five important dige/ive organs--! m\?1 ! /oma*1 ! inte/9es1 ! liv]1 & ! pancreas4 #ae4 ,!re are five dige/ive fluids--saliva1 ga/ric juice1 inte/9al juice1 bile1 & pancreatic juice4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,dige/ion ,,( ,a ,,m\?ful ,,( ,,bread4 #a4 ,let u suppose t we h eat5 a m\?ful ( bread1 & c wat* x z x goes ?r\gh all ! diff]5t processes ( dige/ion4 #b4 ,ma/ication4--,fir/1 we *ew or ma/icate ! food ) ! tee?4 ,we use ! tongue to move ! food f "o side ( ! m\? to ! o!r1 & to keep ! food betwe5 ! tee?4 #c4 ,m\? ,dige/ion4--,:ile ! bread is be+ *ew$1 ! saliva is mix$ ) x & acts ^u x4 ,! saliva moi/5s & s(t5s ! food s t x c be easily swall[$ & readily act$ ^u by ! o!r dige/ive juices4 ,y h notic$ t if y *ew a bit ( h>d bread a few m9utes x becomes sweet4 ,?is is because ! saliva *anges "s ( ! />* ( ! food into sug>4 #d4 ,aft] we h *ew$ ! food1 we swall[ x1 & x passes d[n ?r\gh ! oesophagus into ! /oma*4 #e4 ,/oma* ,dige/ion4--,z soon z ! morsel ( food ent]s ! /oma*1 ! ga/ric juice beg9s to fl[ out ( ! little gl&s 9 :i* x is =m$4 ,?is m+les ) ! food & dige/s ano!r portion :i* ! saliva has n act$ ^u4 ,:ile ?is is be+ done1 ! /oma* keeps work+ ! food mu* z a bak] kneads d\gh4 ,?is is done to mix ! ga/ric juice ) ! food4 #f4 ,aft] an h\r or two ! /oma* squeezes ! food s h>d t a little ( x1 :i* has be5 dige/$ by ! ga/ric juice & ! saliva1 escapes ?r\gh ! l[] op5+1 ! pylorus1 ( :i* we h already le>n$4 ,z ! action ( ! /oma* cont9ues1 m ( ! dige/$ food escapes1 until all t has be5 prop]ly act$ ^u has pass$ out4 #g4 ,inte/9al ,dige/ion4--,we sometimes eat butt] ) bread1 or take "s o!r =m ( fat 9 our food4 ,?is is n act$ ^u by ! saliva or ! ga/ric juice4 ,:5 food passes out ( ! /oma* into ! small inte/9e1 a l>ge quantity ( bile is at once p\r$ ^u x4 ,?is bile has be5 made be=eh& by ! liv] & /or$ up 9 ! gall-bladd]4 ,! bile helps to dige/ fats1 :i* ! saliva & ! ga/ric juice _c dige/4 #h4 ,! pancreatic juice does ! same k9d ( "w t is done by ! saliva1 ! ga/ric juice1 & ! bile4 ,x also f9i%es up ! "w done by ^! fluids4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ important ( all ! dige/ive juices4 #i4 ,! inte/9al juice dige/s ne>ly all ! diff]5t elem5ts ( ! food1 s t x is well fitt$ to complete ! wond]ful process by :i* ! food is made ready to ent] ! blood & to n\ri% ! body4 #aj4 ,:ile ! food is be+ act$ ^u by ! bile1 ! pancreatic juice1 & inte/9al juice1 x is gradually mov$ along ! inte/9es4 ,aft] all ^? portions ( food :i* c be dige/$ h be5 s(t5$ & dissolv$1 !y are ready to be tak5 into ! blood & di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! body4 #aa4 ,absorption4--,if y put a dry sponge into wat]1 x v soon becomes wet by soak+ up ! wat]4 ,inde$1 if y only t\* a corn] ( ! sponge to ! wat]1 ! :ole sponge w soon become wet4 ,we say t ! sponge absorbs ! wat]4 ,x is 9 a some:at simil> way t ! food is tak5 up or absorb$ by ! walls ( ! /oma* & inte/9es4 ,:5 ! food is absorb$1 ! great] "p ( x is tak5 into ! blood-vessels1 ( :i* we %all le>n 9 a future lesson4 #ab4 ,liv] ,dige/ion4--,aft] ! food has be5 absorb$1 ! mo/ ( x is c>ri$ to ! liv]1 :]e ! process ( dige/ion is complet$4 ,! liv] also acts l an inspector to exam9e ! dige/$ food & remove hurtful sub/ances :i* may be tak5 ) x1 su* z alcohol1 mu/>d1 pepp]1 & o!r irritat+ ?+s4 #ac4 ,! ,?oracic ,duct4--,a portion ( ! food1 especially ! dige/$ fats1 is absorb$ by a portion ( ! lymphatic vessels call$ lacteals1 :i* empty into a small vessel call$ ! ?oracic duct4 ,?is duct passes upw>d 9 front ( ! sp9e & empties into a ve9 ne> ! he>t4 ,,summ>y4 ,h[ a m\?ful ( food is dige/$3 #a4 ,x is fir/ ma/icat$--t is1 x is *ew$ & moi/5$ ) saliva4 #b4 ,!n x is swall[$1 pass+ ?r\gh ! oesophagus to ! /oma*4 #c4 ,!re x is act$ ^u1 & a "p ( x dige/$ by ! ga/ric juice4 #d4 ,x is !n pass$ into ! small inte/9e1 :]e x is act$ ^u by ! bile1 ! pancreatic fluid1 & ! inte/9al juice4 #e4 ,! dige/$ food is !n absorb$ by ! walls ( ! /oma* & inte/9es4 #f4 ,! great] portion ( ! food is next pass$ ?r\gh ! liv]1 :]e hurtful sub/ances are remov$4 #g4 ,a small] portion is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! ?oracic duct & empti$ into a ve9 ne> ! he>t4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,bad ,,habits ,,9 ,,eat+4 #a4 ,eat+ too ,fa/4--,a mo/ common fault is eat+ too fa/4 ,:5 ! food is *ew$ too rapidly1 & swall[$ too quickly1 x is n prop]ly divid$ & s(t5$4 ,su* food _c be easily act$ ^u by ! v>i\s dige/ive juices4 #b4 ,eat+ too ,mu*4--,a p]son :o eats food too rapidly is also v likely to injure himself by eat+ too mu*4 ,! dige/ive organs are able to d well only a c]ta9 am\nt ( "w4 ,:5 too mu* food is eat51 none ( x is dige/$ z well z x %\ld be4 ,food :i* is n well dige/$ w n n\ri% ! body4 #c4 ,eat+ too ,(t5--,_m *ildr5 make !mselves sick by eat+ too (t54 ,x is v h>mful to take lun*es or to eat at o!r ?an ! prop] meal-times4 ,! /oma* ne$s "t to re/1 j z our legs & arms & ! o!r p>ts ( ! body d4 ,= ! same reason1 x is well = u to avoid eat+ late at night4 ,! /oma* ne$s to sleep ) ! re/ ( ! body4 ,if "o goes to b$ ) ! /oma* full ( food1 ! /oma* _c re/1 & ! "w ( dige/ion w g on s sl[ly t ! sleep w likely be di/urb$4 ,su* sleep is n refre%+4 #d4 ,if we wi% to keep our dige/ive organs 9 good ord]1 we mu/ take c>e to eat at regul> h\rs4 ,we ought n to eat :5 we are v tir$4 ,! /oma* _c dige/ well :5 we are v mu* fatigu$4 #e4 ,sweet ,foods4--,we ought n to eat too mu* sug> or sweet foods1 z !y are likely to s\r or f]m5t 9 ! /oma*1 & s make u sick4 ,c&ies (t5 conta9 a great _m ?+s :i* are n good = u1 & :i* may make u sick4 ,! colors us$ 9 c&ies are sometimes poison\s4 ,! flavors us$ 9 !m are also sometimes v h>mful4 #f4 ,fatty ,foods ,hurtful4--,too mu* butt]1 fat meats1 & o!r greasy foods are hurtful4 ,cream is ! mo/ dige/ible =m ( fat1 because x readily dissolves 9 ! fluids ( ! /oma*1 & mixes ) ! o!r foods )\t prev5t+ _! dige/ion4 ,melt$ fats are especially h>mful4 ,*eese1 fri$ foods1 & ri* pa/ry are v poor foods1 & likely to cause sickness4 #g4 ,eat+ too _m ,k9ds ( ,foods4--,*ildr5 %\ld avoid eat+ freely ( fle% meats4 ,!y ought also to avoid eat+ all highly-season$ di%es1 & tak+ too _m k9ds ( food at a meal4 ,a simple diet is mu* ! m heal?ful4 ,milk & gra9 foods1 z oatmeal1 crack$ :eat1 graham bread1 ) su* delici\s fruits z apples1 pe>s1 & grapes1 are mu* ! be/ food = *ildr54 #h4 ,avoid ,use ( ,cold ,foods4--,we ought n to take v cold foods or liquids ) our meals4 ,cold foods1 ice-wat]1 & o!r ic$ dr9ks make ! /oma* s cold t x _c dige/ ! food4 ,= ?is reason x is v h>mful to dr9k ic$ wat] or ic$ tea1 or to eat ice-cream at meals4 ,^! ?+s are injuri\s to u at any "t1 b !y d ! greate/ am\nt ( h>m :5 tak5 ) ! food4 #i4 ,?+s sometimes ,eat5 :i* are n ,foods4--,?+s :i* are n foods are (t5 us$ z foods1 su* z mu/>d1 pepp]1 & ! v>i\s k9ds ( season+s4 ,soda1 sal]atus1 & bak+-p[d]s also belong to ?is class4 ,all ( ^! sub/ances are m or less h>mful1 p>ticul>ly mu/>d1 pepp]1 & hot sauces4 #aj4 ,common ,salt4--,! only app>5t exception to ! g5]al rule t all condim5ts & o!r sub/ances :i* are n foods are h>mful is 9 ! case ( common salt4 ,?is is v commonly us$ among civiliz$ nations1 al?\gh !re are _m b>b>\s tribes t nev] ta/e x4 ,x is q c]ta9 t mu* m salt is us$ ?an is ne$$4 ,:5 mu* salt is add$ to ! food1 ! action ( ! dige/ive fluids is greatly h9d]$4 ,salt meats1 & o!r foods :i* h mu* salt add$ to !m1 are h>d to dige/ because ! salt h>d5s ! fibres ( ! meat1 s t !y are n easily dissolv$ by ! dige/ive fluids4 #aa4 ,c>e ( ! ,tee?4--,! tee? are ! fir/ organs employ$ 9 ! "w ( dige/ion4 ,x is ( great importance t !y %\ld be kept 9 heal?4 ,_m p]sons neglect _! tee?1 & treat !m s badly t !y beg9 to decay at a v e>ly age4 #ab4 ,! m\? & tee? %\ld be c>efully cleans$ imm$iately on ris+ 9 ! morn+1 & aft] ea* meal4 ,all p>ticles ( food %\ld be remov$ f betwe5 ! tee? by c>efully rubb+ bo? ! inn] & ! out] surfaces ( ! tee? ) a s(t bru%1 & r9s+ v ?or\ghly ) wat]4 ,a little soap may be us$ 9 cleans+ ! tee?1 b cle> wat] is suffici5t1 if us$ frequ5tly & ?or\ghly4 ,! tee? %\ld n be us$ 9 break+ nuts or o!r h>d sub/ances4 ,! tee? are brittle1 & are (t5 brok5 9 ?is way4 ,! use ( c&y & too mu* sweet food is also likely to injure ! tee?4 #ac4 ,"s p ?9k t x is n necess>y to take c>e ( ! fir/ set ( tee?4 ,?is is a great mi/ake4 ,if ! fir/ set are lo/ or are unheal?y1 ! second set w n be z p]fect z !y %\ld be4 ,x is pla9 t we %\ld n neglect our tee? at any "t ( life4 #ad4 ,tobacco4--,:5 a p]son fir/ uses tobacco1 x is apt to make him v sick at ! /oma*4 ,aft] he has us$ tobacco a few times x does n make him sick1 b x cont9ues to d 8 /oma* & o!r organs h>m1 & aft] a "t may injure him v s]i\sly4 ,smok]s sometimes suff] f a horrible disease ( ! m\? or ?roat kn[n z canc]4 #ae4 ,effects ( ,alcohol ^u ! ,/oma*4--,if y %\ld put a little alcohol into y\r eye1 ! eye w\ld become v r$4 ,:5 m5 take /rong liquors into _! /oma*s1 ! delicate membrane l9+ ! /oma* becomes r$ 9 ! same way4 ,p]haps y w ask h[ d we "k t alcohol has su* an effect ^u ! /oma*4 ,m ?an sixty ye>s ago !re liv$ 9 ,mi*igan a man nam$ ,alexis ,/4 ,m>t94 ,"o day he 01 by accid5t1 %ot 9 su* a way t a l>ge op5+ 0 made "r ?r\gh ! sk9 & fle% & into ! /oma*4 ,! good doctor :o att5d$ him took su* excell5t c>e ( him t he got well4 ,b :5 he recov]$1 ! hole 9 8 /oma* rema9$1 s t ! doctor c\ld look 9 & see j :at 0 go+ on4 ,/4 ,m>t9 sometimes drank :iskey1 & :5 he did1 ! doctor (t5 look$ into 8 /oma* to see :at ! effect 01 & he notic$ t ! inside ( ! /oma* look$ v r$ & inflam$4 #af4 ,if ,/4 ,m>t9 cont9u$ to dr9k :iskey = sev]al days1 ! l9+ ( ! /oma* look$ v r$ & raw l a sore eye4 ,a sore /oma* _c dige/ food well1 & s ! :ole body becomes sick & weak4 ,:at w\ld y ?9k ( a man :o %\ld keep 8 eyes always sore & inflam$ & f9ally de/roy 8 eyesight by putt+ pepp] or alcohol or "s o!r irritat+ sub/ance into !m e day8 ,is x n equally fooli% & wick$ to injure ! /oma* & de/roy "o's dige/ion by ! use ( alcoholic dr9ks8 ,alcohol1 ev5 :5 x is n v /rong1 n only hurts ! l9+ ( ! /oma*1 b injures ! ga/ric juice1 s t x _c dige/ ! food well4 #ag4 ,effects ( ,alcohol ^u ! ,liv]4--,! liv]1 z well z ! /oma*1 is greatly damag$ by ! use ( alcohol4 ,y w recollect t ne>ly all ! food dige/$ & absorb$ is filt]$ ?r\gh ! liv] be=e x goes to ! he>t to be di/ribut$ to ! re/ ( ! body4 ,9 try+ to save ! re/ ( ! body f ! bad effects ( alcohol1 ! liv] is badly burn$ by ! fi]y liquid1 & sometimes becomes s %rivell$ up t x c no long] produce bile & p]=m its o!r duties4 ,ev5 be]1 ale1 & w9e1 :i* d n conta9 s mu* alcohol z d rum1 g91 & :iskey1 h en\gh ( ! poison 9 !m to d ! liv] a great deal ( h>m1 & to injure _m o!r organs ( ! body z well4 ,,summ>y4 ,eat+ too fa/4 ,eat+ too mu*4 ,eat+ too frequ5tly4 ,eat+ irregul>ly4 #a4 ,,causes ,,( ,,indige/ion4 ,eat+ :5 tir$4 ,eat+ too mu* ( sweet foods4 ,eat+ too _m k9ds ( food at a meal4 ,us+ ic$ foods or dr9ks4 #b4 ,irritat+ sub/ances & ?+s :i* are n foods %\ld n be eat54 #c4 ,! tee? mu/ be c>efully us$ & kept clean4 #d4 ,tobacco-us+ does ! /oma* h>m1 & sometimes causes canc] ( ! m\?4 #e4 ,alcohol injures ! ga/ric juice1 & causes disease ( ! /oma* & ! liv]4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,a ,,drop ,,( ,,blood4 #a4 ,! ,blood4--,did y ev] cut or prick y\r f+] s z to make x ble$8 ,probably y h m ?an once met ) an accid5t ( ?is sort4 ,all p>ts ( ! body conta9 blood4 ,if ! sk9 is brok5 9 any place ! blood fl[s out4 #b4 ,h[ _m ( y "k :at a microscope is8 ,x is an in/rum5t :i* magnifies objects1 or makes !m look a great deal l>g] ?an !y really are4 ,"s microscopes are s p[]ful t !y w make a little speck ( du/ look z l>ge z a great rock4 #c4 ,! ,blood ,corpuscles4--,if y %\ld look at a t9y drop ( blood ?r\gh su* a microscope1 y w\ld f9d x to be full ( v small1 r\nd objects call$ blood corpuscles4 #d4 ,y w\ld notice also t ^! corpuscles are ( two k9ds4 ,mo/ ( !m are slightly r$di%1 & give to ! blood its r$ color4 ,a v few are :ite4 #e4 ,use ( ! ,corpuscles4--,d y wond] :at ^! peculi> little corpuscles d 9 ! body8 ,!y are v necess>y4 ,we c\ld n live a mom5t )\t !m4 ,we ne$ to take into our bodies oxyg5 f ! air4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( ! r$ corpuscles to take up ! oxyg5 9 ! lungs & c>ry x r\nd ?r\gh ! body 9 a wond]ful way1 ( :i* we %all le>n m 9 a future lesson4 #f4 ,! :ite corpuscles h some?+ to d ) keep+ ! body 9 good repair4 ,!y are c>ri$ by ! blood into all p>ts ( ! body & /op :]e !y are ne$$ to d any k9d ( "w4 ,!y may be comp>$ to ! m5 :o g ar\nd to m5d old umbrellas1 & to d o!r k9ds ( t9k]+4 ,x is ?\ght t ! :ite corpuscles turn into r$ ones :5 !y become old4 #g4 ,! corpuscles float 9 a cle>1 almo/ colorless fluid :i* conta9s ! dige/$ food & o!r elem5ts by :i* ! body is n\ri%$4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,! blood conta9s v small objects call$ blood corpuscles4 #b4 ,!re are two k9ds ( corpuscles1 r$ & :ite4 #c4 ,! r$ corpuscles c>ry oxyg54 #d4 ,! :ite corpuscles repair p>ts t are worn4 #e4 ,! corpuscles float 9 a cle>1 almo/ colorless fluid1 :i* n\ri%es ! body4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,:y ,,! ,,he>t ,,beats4 #a4 ,if y place y\r h& on ! left side ( y\r *e/1 y w feel some?+ beat+4 ,if y _c feel ! beats easily1 y may run up & d[n /airs two or ?ree times1 & !n y c feel !m v di/9ctly4 ,h[ _m ( y "k ! "n ( ?is curi\s ma*9e inside ! *e/1 t beats s /eadily8 ,y say at once t x is ! he>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,he>t4 #b4 ,! ,he>t4--,! he>t may be call$ a live pump1 :i* keeps pump+ away dur+ our :ole lives4 ,if x %\ld /op1 ev5 = a m9ute or two1 we w\ld die4 ,if y w place y\r h& ov] y\r he>t & c\nt ! beats = exactly "o m9ute1 y w f9d t x beats ab\t sev5ty-five or eighty times4 ,:5 y are old]1 y\r he>t w beat a little m sl[ly4 ,if y c\nt ! beats :ile y are ly+ d[n1 y w f9d t ! he>t beats m sl[ly ?an :5 y are sitt+ or /&+4 ,:5 we run or jump1 ! he>t beats mu* h>d] & fa/]4 #c4 ,:y ! ,he>t ,beats4--,we h le>n$ 9 prec$+ lessons t ! dige/$ food is tak5 into ! blood4 ,we h also le>n$ t bo? wat] & oxyg5 are tak5 into ! blood4 ,?us ! blood conta9s all ! mat]ials t are ne$$ by ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body to make good ! wa/es t are con/antly tak+ place4 ,b if ! blood 7 all 9 "o place x c\ld d little good1 z ! new mat]ials are ne$$ 9 e "p ( ! body4 ,!re has be5 provid$ a wond]ful sy/em ( tubes runn+ ?r\gh e "p ( ! body4 ,by means ( ^! tubes ! blood is c>ri$ into e "p :]e x is requir$4 ,^! tubes are connect$ ) ! he>t4 ,:5 ! he>t beats1 x =ces ! blood ?r\gh ! tubes j z wat] is =c$ ?r\gh a pipe by a pump or by a fire-eng9e4 #d4 ,! ,he>t ,*amb]s4--,! he>t has f\r *amb]s1 two upp] & two l[] *amb]s4 ,! blood is receiv$ into ! upp] *amb]s1 & is !n pass$ d[n into ! l[] *amb]s4 ,f ! l[] *amb]s x is s5t out to v>i\s p>ts ( ! body4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,inside ,,( ,,! ,,he>t4 #e4 ,! ,blood-,vessels4--,! tubes ?r\gh :i* ! blood is c>ri$ are call$ blood-vessels4 ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( blood-vessels4 ,"o set c>ry ! blood away f ! he>t1 & are call$ art]ies 7ar'-te-ries74 ,ano!r set return ! blood to ! he>t1 & are call$ ve9s4 ,! art]ies & ve9s are connect$ at ! ends f>!/ f ! he>t by _m v small vessels4 ,^! m9ute1 hairlike vessels are call$ capill>ies 7cap'-il-la-ries74 #f4 ,! ,art]ies4--,an art]y leads out f ! l[] *amb] ( ea* side ( ! he>t4 ,! "o f ! "r side ( ! he>t c>ries ! blood only to ! lungs4 ,! "o f ! left side ( ! he>t c>ries blood to e "p ( ! body4 ,x is ! l>ge/ art]y 9 ! body1 & is call$ ! aorta4 ,soon aft] x leaves ! he>t ! aorta beg9s to s5d out bran*es to v>i\s organs4 ,^! divide 9 ! tissues aga9 & aga9 until !y become s small t only "o corpuscle c pass ?r\gh at a "t1 z %[n 9 ! color$ plate4 7,frontispiece47 #g4 ,! ,ve9s4--,^! v small vessels n[ beg9 to unite & =m l>g] ones1 ! ve9s4 ,! small ve9s jo9 to =m l>g] ones1 until f9ally all are ga!r$ into two l>ge ve9s :i* empty into ! upp] *amb] ( ! "r side ( ! he>t4 ,! ve9s :i* c>ry blood f ! lungs to ! he>t empty into ! upp] *amb] ( ! left side ( ! he>t4 #h4 ,:at is ,done 9 ! ,blood-,vessels4--,:ile ! blood is pass+ ?r\gh ! small blood-vessels 9 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 ea* "p takes out j :at x ne$s to build up its own tissues4 ,at ! same "t1 ! tissues give 9 ex*ange _! worn-out or wa/e matt]s4 ,! r$ blood corpuscles 9 ! capill>ies give up _! oxyg51 & ! blood receives 9 its /ead a poison\s sub/ance call$ c>bonic-acid gas4 #i4 ,r$ & ,blue ,blood4--,:ile 9 ! art]ies ! blood is ( a bright r$ color2 b :ile x is pass+ ?r\gh ! capill>ies ! color *anges to a blui% r$ or purple color4 ,! r$ blood is call$ art]ial blood1 because x is f\nd 9 ! art]ies4 ,! purple blood is call$ v5\s blood1 because x is f\nd 9 ! ve9s4 ,! loss ( oxyg5 9 ! corpuscles causes ! *ange ( color4 #aj4 ,*ange ( ,blood 9 ! ,lungs4--,exactly ! opposite *ange occurs 9 ! blood :5 x passes ?r\gh ! lungs4 ,! blood :i* has be5 ga!r$ up f ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body is d>k1 impure blood4 ,9 ! lungs ?is d>k blood is spread out 9 v m9ute capill>ies & expos$ to ! air4 ,:ile pass+ ?r\gh ! capill>ies ( ! lungs1 ! blood gives up "s ( its impurities 9 ex*ange = oxyg5 f ! air4 ,! r$ corpuscles absorb ! oxyg5 & ! color ( ! blood *anges f d>k purple to bright r$ aga94 ,! purifi$ blood is !n c>ri$ back to ! upp] *amb] ( ! left side ( ! he>t ?r\gh f\r l>ge ve9s4 ,! blood is n[ ready to beg9 ano!r j\rney ar\nd ! body4 #aa4 ,! ,pulse4--,if y place y\r f+] on y\r wri/ at j ! "r spot1 y c feel a slight beat+4 ,?is beat+ is call$ ! pulse4 ,x is caus$ by ! movem5t ( ! blood 9 ! art]y ( ! wri/ at ea* beat ( ! he>t4 ,! pulse c be felt at ! neck & 9 o!r p>ts ( ! body :]e an art]y comes ne> to ! surface4 #ab4 ,h[ mu* ,"w ! ,he>t ,does4--,! he>t is a small organ1 only ab\t z l>ge z y\r fi/1 & yet x does an am\nt ( "w :i* is almo/ beyond belief4 ,ea* "t x beats1 x does z mu* "w z y\r arm w\ld d 9 lift+ a l>ge apple f ! gr\nd to y\r m\?4 ,x beats :5 we are asleep z well z :5 we are awake4 ,:5 we run we "k by ! way 9 :i* x beats t x is work+ v fa/4 ,d y "k h[ mu* a ton is8 ,well1 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! he>t does z mu* "w z a man w\ld d 9 lift+ /ones en\gh to weigh m ?an "o hundr$ & tw5ty tons4 #ac4 ,! ,lymphatics4--,:ile ! blood is pass+ ?r\gh ! capill>ies1 "s ( ! :ite corpuscles escape f ! blood-vessels4 ,:at d y suppose becomes ( ^! runaway corpuscles8 ,nature has provid$ a way by :i* !y c get back to ! he>t4 ,9 ! little spaces among ! tissues outside ( ! blood-vessels v m9ute *annels call$ lymph *annels or lymphatics 7lym--phat'-ics7 beg94 ,! :ole body is fill$ ) ^! small *annels1 :i* run toge!r mu* l ! me%es ( a net4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! body ! small lymphatics run into l>ge ones1 :i* empty into ! ve9s ne> ! he>t4 ,?is is ! way ! /ray :ite blood corpuscles get back into ! blood4 #ad4 ,! ,lymph4--,9 ! lymph *annels ! :ite corpuscles float 9 a colorless fluid call$ lymph4 ,! lymph is compos$ ( ! fluid portion ( ! blood :i* has soak$ ?r\gh ! walls ( ! small vessels4 ,! *ief purpose ( ! lymphatics is to c>ry ! lymph f ! tissues back to ! he>t4 #ae4 ,lymphatic ,gl&s4--,"h & !re1 scatt]$ ?r\gh ! body1 are oval /ructures into ea* ( :i* _m lymphatic vessels are f\nd to run1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,^! are call$ lymphatic gl&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lymph ,,gl& ,,& ,,vessels4 #af4 ,! he>t & blood-vessels are among ! mo/ wond]ful /ructures 9 ! body4 ,x is no wond]1 !n1 t alcohol1 tobacco1 & o!r n>cotics & /imulants produce _! mo/ deadly effects ^u ^! delicate organs4 ,:at ^! effects are we %all le>n m fully 9 ! next *apt]4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,! he>t beats to circulate ! blood4 #b4 ,! he>t has f\r *amb]s1 two upp] & two l[]4 #c4 ,!re are tubes call$ blood-vessels :i* c>ry ! blood to all p>ts ( ! body4 #d4 ,^! tubes are connect$ ) ! he>t4 #e4 ,! vessels :i* c>ry blood away f ! he>t are call$ art]ies1 & ^? :i* c>ry blood back to ! he>t are call$ ve9s4 #f4 ,! art]ies & ve9s are connect$ by small tubes call$ capill>ies4 #g4 ,! blood f\nd 9 ! art]ies is r$2 t 9 ! ve9s is d>k blue or purple4 #h4 ,! color ( ! blood *anges f r$ to blue 9 go+ ?r\gh ! capill>ies4 ,! *ange is due to ! loss ( oxyg54 #i4 ,9 ! circulation ( ! lungs1 ! blood 9 ! art]ies is blue1 t 9 ! ve9s1 r$4 #aj4 ,! *ange f blue to r$ takes place :ile ! blood is pass+ ?r\gh ! capill>ies ( ! lungs4 ,! *ange is due to ! oxyg5 :i* ! corpuscles ( ! blood take up 9 ! lungs4 #aa4 ,! pulse is caus$ by ! beat+ ( ! he>t4 #ab4 ,! he>t does a great deal ( "w e day 9 =c+ ! blood into diff]5t p>ts ( ! body4 #ac4 ,"s ( ! :ite blood corpuscles escape f ! blood-vessels ?r\gh ! ?9 walls ( ! capill>ies4 #ad4 ,^! corpuscles return to ! he>t ?r\gh small vessels call$ lymph *annels or lymphatics4 #ae4 ,! lymphatics 9 _m p>ts ( ! body run into small r\ndi% bodies call$ lymphatic gl&s4 #af4 ,! object ( ! lymphatics is to remove f ! tissues & return to ! g5]al circulation ! lymph & :ite blood corpuscles :i* escape ?r\gh ! walls ( ! capill>ies4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,he>t ,,& ,,! ,,blood ,,heal?y4 #a4 ,! he>t is "o ( ! mo/ important ( all ! organs ( ! body4 ,if we take good c>e ( x1 x w d good s]vice = u dur+ a long life4 ,let u notice "s ways 9 :i* ! he>t is likely to be injur$4 #b4 ,viol5t ,ex]cise4--,did y ev] run s h>d t y 7 out ( brea?8 ,d y "k :y y _h to brea! s fa/8 ,x 0 because ! viol5t ex]cise made y\r he>t beat s rapidly t ! blood c\ld n get out ( ! lungs z fa/ z ! he>t =c$ x 94 ,! lungs became s fill$ ) blood t !y c\ld n d _! "w well4 ,sometimes1 :5 a p]son runs v fa/ or takes any k9d ( viol5t ex]cise1 ! lungs become s fill$ ) blood t a blood-vessel is brok54 ,! p]son may !n ble$ to dea?4 ,x is v unwise to ov]tax ! he>t 9 any way1 = x may be /ra9$ or o!rwise injur$1 s t x c nev] aga9 d its "w prop]ly4 #c4 ,effects ( ,bad ,air4--,bad air is v h>mful to ! he>t & to ! blood also4 ,we %\ld always rememb] t ! blood ( ! body :ile pass+ ?r\gh ! lungs is expos$ to ! air :i* we brea!4 ,if ! air is impure1 ! blood w be poison$4 ,9 *ur*es & 9 o!r places :]e ! air becomes f\l1 p (t5 fa9t f ! effects ( ! impure air ^u ! he>t4 ,x is important t ! air ( ! rooms 9 :i* we live & sleep %\ld be kept v pure by good v5tilation4 #d4 ,effects ( ,bad ,food4--,! blood is made f :at we eat1 & if we eat impure & un:olesome food1 ! blood becomes impure4 ,we ought to avoid ! use ( ri* or highly-season$ foods1 c&ies1 & all foods :i* are n nutriti\s4 ,!y n only injure ! blood by mak+ x impure1 b !y cause poor dige/ion4 #e4 ,pl5ty ( ,sleep ,necess>y4--,if we %\ld take a drop ( blood f ! f+] ( a p]son :o _h n _h z mu* sleep z he ne$$1 & exam9e x ) a microscope1 we %\ld f9d t !re 7 too few ( ! little r$-blood corpuscles4 ,?is is "o reason :y a p]son :o has n _h suffici5t sleep looks pale4 #f4 ,prop] ,clo?+4--,we %\ld be prop]ly clo!d1 accord+ to ! wea!r4 ,9 cold wea!r we ne$ v w>m clo?+4 ,9 w>m wea!r we %\ld we> light] clo?+4 ,our clo?+ %\ld be s arrang$ t x w keep all p>ts ( ! body equally w>m1 & ?us all[ ! blood to circulate prop]ly4 ,! feet are apt to be cold1 be+ s f> away f ! he>t1 & we %\ld take extra pa9s to keep !m w>m & dry4 #g4 ,effects ( ,excessive ,heat4--,9 v hot wea!r1 _m p]sons are injur$ by expos+ !mselves to ! sun too long at a "t4 ,p]sons :o dr9k intoxicat+ liquors are v (t5 injur$ 9 ?is way1 & sometimes die ( sun/roke4 #h4 ,effects ( ,ang]4--,:5 a p]son gets v angry1 ! he>t sometimes almo/ /ops beat+4 ,inde$1 p]sons h di$ in/antly 9 a fit ( passion4 ,s y see x is dang]\s = a p]son to all[ himself to become v angry4 #i4 ,effects ( ,alcohol ^u ! ,blood4--,if y %\ld take a drop ( blood ^u y\r f+]1 & put x "u ! microscope1 & !n add a little alcohol to x1 y w\ld see t ! corpuscles w\ld be quickly de/roy$4 ,9 a few seconds !y w\ld be s %rivell$ up t no "o c\ld tell t !y _h ev] be5 ! beautiful little corpuscles :i* are s necess>y to heal?4 ,:5 alcohol is tak5 z a dr9k1 x does n de/roy ! corpuscles s quickly1 b x injures !m s t !y are n able to d _! "w ( absorb+ & c>ry+ oxyg5 well4 ,?is is "o reason :y ! faces ( m5 :o use alcoholic dr9ks (t5 look s blue4 #aj4 ,alcohol ,ov]works ! ,he>t4--,dr4 ,p>kes1 a v le>n$ ,engli% physician1 took ! pa9s to obs]ve c>efully ! effects ( alcohol ^u ! he>t ( a soldi] :o 0 addict$ to ! use ( liquor4 ,he c\nt$ ! beats ( ! soldi]'s pulse :5 he 0 sob]2 & !n c\nt$ !m aga9 :5 he 0 us+ alcohol1 & f\nd t :5 ! soldi] took a p9t ( g9 a day 8 he>t 0 oblig$ to d "o f\r? m "w ?an x ought to d4 #aa4 ,effects ( ,alcohol ^u ! ,blood-,vessels4--,if y put y\r h&s into w>m wat]1 !y soon become r$4 ,?is is because ! blood-vessels ( ! sk9 become enl>g$ by ! heat1 s t !y hold m blood4 ,alcohol causes ! blood to come to ! surface 9 ! same way4 ,x is ?is t causes ! flu%$ *eeks & ! r$ eyes ( ! drunk>d4 ,sometimes1 aft] a man has be5 us+ alcohol a long "t1 ! blood-vessels ( 8 face rema9 enl>g$ all ! "t4 ,?is makes 8 nose gr[ too fa/1 & s 9 "t x gets too l>ge1 & !n he has a rum-blossom4 #ab4 ,effects ( ,tobacco on ! ,he>t & ! ,blood4--,:5 a boy fir/ tries to use tobacco1 x makes him feel v sick4 ,if y %\ld feel 8 pulse j !n1 y w\ld f9d x v weak4 ,?is means t ! he>t is almo/ p>alyz$ by ! p[]ful poison ( ! tobacco4 ,tobacco also injures ! blood corpuscles4 #ac4 ,tea & c(fee also d _! %>e ( mis*ief to ! he>t4 ,^? :o use !m v /rong (t5 compla9 ( palpitation1 or heavy & irregul> beat+ ( ! he>t4 #ad4 ,tak+ ,cold4--,p usually cat* cold by all[+ ! circulation to become di/urb$ 9 "s way1 z by gett+ ! feet wet1 be+ *ill$ f n we>+ suffici5t clo?+1 sitt+ 9 a draught1 & 9 o!r simil> ways4 ,x is v important = y to "k t a cold is a s]i\s ?+1 & %\ld be c>efully avoid$4 #ae4 ,hemorrhage 7hem'-or-rhage7 or ,loss ( ,blood4--,a sev]e loss ( blood is likely to occur z ! result ( accid5ts or injuries ( v>i\s sorts1 & x is important to "k :at to d at once1 z !re may n be "t to s5d = a doctor be=e x w be too late to save ! injur$ p]son's life4 ,"h are a few ?+s to be rememb]$ 9 all su* cases3 #af4 ,if ! blood f a cut or o!r w\nd fl[s 9 spurts1 & is ( a bright r$ color1 x is f an art]y4 ,if x is d>k-color$1 & fl[s 9 a /eady /ream1 x is f a ve94 #ag4 ,h[ to ,/op ! ,ble$+ ( ,w\nds4--,if ! ble$+ vessel is an art]y1 apply pressure on ! side ( ! w\nd next to ! he>t4 ,if ! ble$+ is f a ve91 apply x on ! opposite side4 ,x is g5]ally be/ to apply pressure directly ov] ! w\nd or on bo? sides4 ,! pressure c be made ) ! ?umbs or ) ! :ole h&4 ,grasp ! "p firmly & press v h>d1 or tie a h&k]*ief or t[el ar\nd ! w\nd$ "p & twi/ x v tight4 ,if an arm or limb is ! "p injur$1 ! p]son %\ld be made to lie d[n1 & ! injur$ "p %\ld be held up4 ,?is is ( itself an excell5t means ( /opp+ hemorrhage4 #ah4 ,nose-,ble$4--,= nose-ble$ a v good rem$y is hold+ "o or bo? h&s above ! head4 ,! head %\ld be held up in/ead ( be+ b5t =w>d1 & ! corn] ( a dry h&k]*ief %\ld be press$ into ! ble$+ no/ril4 ,x is well to ba! ! face ) v hot wat]1 & to snuff hot wat] into ! no/ril if ! ble$+ is v sev]e4 ,if ! ble$+ is v bad or is n readily /opp$1 a physician %\ld be call$4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,viol5t ex]cise is likely to injure ! he>t4 #b4 ,bad air makes ! blood impure & di/urbs ! action ( ! he>t4 #c4 ,un:olesome food produces bad blood4 #d4 ,too little sleep makes ! blood poor4 #e4 ,prop] clo?+ is necess>y to make ! blood circulate equally 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! body4 #f4 ,viol5t ang] may cause dea? by /opp+ ! beat+ ( ! he>t4 #g4 ,alcohol injures ! blood4 #h4 ,alcohol ov]works ! he>t4 #i4 ,alcohol enl>ges ! blood-vessels4 #aj4 ,tobacco injures ! blood4 #aa4 ,tobacco weak5s ! he>t & makes ! pulse irregul>4 #ab4 ,! use ( /rong tea & c(fee causes palpitation ( ! he>t4 #ac4 ,a cold is caus$ by a di/urbance ( ! circulation4 ,a cold %\ld nev] be neglect$4 #ad4 ,:5 an art]y is w\nd$1 ! blood is bright r$ & fl[s 9 spurts4 #ae4 ,:5 a ve9 is w\nd$1 ! blood is purple & fl[s 9 a /eady /ream4 #af4 ,to /op ble$+ f an art]y1 press on ! side ( ! w\nd t[>ds ! he>t1 or on bo? sides ( ! w\nd4 #ag4 ,:5 a ve9 is w\nd$1 press on ! side away f ! he>t4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,:y ,,& ,,h[ ,,we ,,brea!4 #a4 ,an ,exp]im5t4--,let u p]=m a little exp]im5t4 ,we mu/ h a small bit ( c&le1 a fruit j>1 or a bottle ) a l>ge m\?1 & a piece ( wire ab\t a foot long4 ,let u notice c>efully :at we are ab\t to d & :at happ5s4 #b4 ,we w fa/5 ! c&le to ! end ( ! wire4 ,n[ we w light x1 & next we w let x d[n to ! bottom ( ! j>4 ,n[ place ! cov] on ! top ( ! j> & wait ! results4 ,soon ! c&le burns dimly & 9 a little "t ! light goes out altoge!r4 #c4 ,:at d y ?9k is ! reason t ! c&le w n burn :5 %ut up 9 a bottle8 ,a c&le uses air :5 x burns4 ,if %ut up 9 a small1 tight place1 x soon uses up s mu* air t x c burn no long]4 ,try ! exp]im5t aga91 & :5 ! c&le beg9s to burn dimly1 take x out quickly4 ,we see t at once ! light burns bright aga94 #d4 ,suppose we %ut ! /ove draught tight1 :at is ! result8 ,! fire w burn l[1 & aft] a "t x w probably g out4 ,:y is ?is8 ,evid5tly ! /ove ne$s air to make ! wood or coal burn1 j z ! c&le ne$s air to make x burn4 #e4 ,animals ,die )\t ,air4--,if y %\ld %ut up a m\se or any o!r small animal 9 a fruit-j>1 its life w\ld g out j z ! light ( ! c&le w5t out4 ,! little animal w\ld die 9 a %ort "t4 ,a *ild %ut up 9 a close place w\ld die f ! same cause 9 a v little "t4 ,9 fact1 _m *ildr5 are dy+ e day = want ( a suffici5t supply ( pure air4 #f4 ,oxyg54--,! reason :y animals ne$ air1 & :y ! fire w n burn )\t x1 is t ! air conta9s oxyg51 & x is ! oxyg5 ( ! air :i* burns ! wood or coal & produces heat4 ,s x is ! oxyg5 t burns 9 our bodies & keeps u w>m4 #g4 ,:5 wood & coal are burn$1 heat is produc$2 b "s p>ts ( ! fuel are n made into heat4 ,:ile ! fire burns1 smoke escapes ?r\gh ! pipe or *imney2 b a "p ( ! fuel rema9s 9 ! /ove 9 ! =m ( a%es4 ,smoke & a%es are ! wa/e p>ts ( ! fuel4 #h4 ,poison 9 ! ,brea?4--,! burn+ :i* takes place 9 our bodies produces some?+ simil> to ! smoke & a%es produc$ by ! fire 9 a /ove4 ,! smoke is call$ c>bonic-acid gas1,a an invisible vapor1 & escapes ?r\gh ! lungs4 ,! a%es are v>i\s wa/e & poison\s matt]s :i* are =m$ 9 all p>ts ( ! body4 ,^! wa/e matt]s are c>ri$ out ( ! body ?r\gh ! sk91 ! kidneys1 ! liv]1 & o!r organs4 #i4 ,ano!r ,exp]im5t4--,we _c see ! gas escape f our lungs1 b we c make an exp]im5t :i* w %[ u t x really does pass out4 ,get two dr9k+-glasses & a tube4 ,a glass tube is be/1 b a /raw w d v well4 ,put a little pure wat] into "o glass & ! same quantity ( lime-wat] into ! o!r glass4 ,n[ put "o end ( ! tube into ! m\? & place ! o!r end 9 ! pure wat]4 ,brea! ?r\gh ! tube a few times4 ,look at ! wat] 9 ! glass & see t no *ange has tak5 place4 ,n[ brea! ?r\gh ! lime-wat] 9 ! same way4 ,aft] brea?+ two or ?ree times1 y w notice t ! lime-wat] beg9s to look milky4 ,9 a %ort "t x becomes almo/ z :ite z milk4 ,?is is because ! lime-wat] cat*es ! c>bonic-acid gas :i* escapes f our lungs ) ea* brea?1 :ile ! pure wat] does n4 #aj4 ,:y we ,brea!4--,by ?is exp]im5t we le>n ano!r reason :y we brea!4 ,we mu/ brea! to get rid ( ! c>bonic-acid gas1 :i* is br\ght to ! lungs by ! blood to be ex*ang$ = oxyg54 ,!re are two reasons !n :y we brea!3 7a7 to obta9 oxyg52 7b7 to get rid ( c>bonic-acid gas4 #aa4 ,h[ a ,frog ,brea!s4--,did y ev] see a frog brea!8 ,if n1 improve ! fir/ opportunity to d s4 ,y w see t ! frog has a v curi\s way ( brea?+4 ,he comes to ! top ( ! wat]1 puts 8 nose out a little1 & !n dr9ks ! air4 ,y c wat* 8 ?roat & see him swall[+ ! air1 a m\?ful at a "t1 j z y w\ld dr9k wat]4 #ab4 ,if y _h a *ance to see ! inside ( a frog y w\ld f9d !re a que]-%ap$ bag4 ,?is is 8 air-bag4 ,?is bag has a tube runn+ up to ! ?roat4 ,:5 ! frog comes to ! surface ( ! wat] he fills ?is bag ) air4 ,!n he c dive d[n into ! mud out ( sight until he has us$ up ! supply ( air4 ,:5 ! air has be5 *ang$ to c>bonic-acid gas1 he mu/ come to ! surface to empty 8 air-bag & dr9k x full aga94 #ac4 ,! ,lungs4--,we d n dr9k air z ! frog does1 b l ! frog we h an air-bag 9 our bodies4 ,our air-bag has to be empti$ & fill$ s (t5 t we _c live "u wat] long at a "t1 z a frog does4 ,we call ?is air-bag ! lungs4 ,we h le>n$ be=e t ! lungs are 9 ! *e/4 ,we ne$ s mu* air & h to *ange ! air 9 our lungs s (t5 t we w\ld n h "t to swall[ x z a frog does4 ,s nature has made = u a brea?+ app>atus ( su* a k9d t we c "w x l a pair ( bell[s4 ,let u n[ /udy our brea?+-bell[s & le>n h[ !y d _! "w4 #ad4 ,! ,w9dpipe & ,air-tubes4--,a l>ge tube call$ ! w9dpipe ext5ds f ! root ( ! tongue d[n ! middle ( ! *e/4 ,! w9dpipe divides into two ma9 bran*es1 :i* subdivide aga9 & aga91 until ! f9e/ bran*es are n l>g] ?an a sew+-ne$le4 ,! bran*es are call$ bron*ial tubes4 ,at ! end ( ea* tube is a clu/] ( small cavities call$ air-cells4 ,! air-tubes & air-cells are well %[n on ! foll[+ page4 #ae4 ,! ,voice-box4--,if y w place ! ends ( y\r f+]s ^u y\r ?roat j above ! brea/-bone1 y w feel ! w9dpipe1 & may notice ! ridges ^u x4 ,^! are r+s ( c>tilage1 a h>d sub/ance commonly call$ gri/le4 ,! purpose ( ^! r+s is to keep ! w9dpipe op54 ,close "u ! *9 y c f9d some?+ :i* feels l a lump1 & :i* moves up & d[n :5 y swall[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,air-,,tubes ,,& ,,air-,,cells4 ,?is is a little box made ( c>tilage1 call$ ! voice-box1 because by means ( ?is curi\s little app>atus we are able to talk & s+4 ,two little :ite b&s are /ret*$ across ! inside ( ! voice-box4 ,:5 we speak1 ^! b&s vibrate j z d ! /r+s ( ! piano4 ,^! b&s are call$ ! vocal cords4 #af4 ,! ,epiglottis4--,at ! top ( ! voice-box is plac$ a curi\s trap-door :i* c be %ut d[n s z to close ! entrance to ! air-passages ( ! lungs4 ,?is little door has a "n r h>d to rememb]4 ,x is call$ ! epiglottis 7ep-i-glot'-tis74 ,! cov] ( ! voice-box closes :5ev] we swall[ any?+4 ,?is keeps food or liquids f ent]+ ! air passages4 ,if we eat or dr9k too fa/ ! voice-box w n h "t to close its little door & prev5t our be+ *ok$4 ,p]sons h be5 *ok$ to dea? by try+ to swall[ _! food too fa/4 ,d y n ?9k ?is is a v wond]ful door t c op5 & %ut j :5 x %\ld d s )\t our ?9k+ any?+ ab\t x8 #ag4 ,! ,no/rils & ! ,s(t ,palate4--,! air f9ds its way to ! lungs ?r\gh ! m\? or ?r\gh ! two op5+s 9 ! nose call$ ! no/rils4 ,f ea* no/ril1 ?ree small passages lead backw>d ?r\gh ! nose4 ,at ! back "p ( ! nasal cavity ! passages ( ! two sides ( ! nose come toge!r 9 an op5 space1 j beh9d ! s(t curta9 :i* hangs d[n at ! back "p ( ! m\?4 ,?is curta9 is call$ ! s(t palate4 ,?r\gh ! op5+ beh9d ?is curta9 ! air passes d[n into ! voice-box & !n into ! lungs4 #ah4 ,! ,pleura4--,9 ! *e/ ! air tubes & lung ( ea* side are enclos$ 9 a v ?9 cov]+1 call$ ! pleura4 ,! cavity ( ! *e/ 9 :i* ! lungs are susp5d$ is also l9$ by ! pleura4 ,a limpid fluid exudes f ! pleura :i* keeps x moi/1 s t :5 ! two surfaces rub toge!r1 z ! lungs move1 !y d n become *af$ & irritat$4 #ai4 ,walls ( ! ,*e/4--,! ribs =m a "p ( ! framework ( ! *e/4 ,! ribs are ela/ic4 ,! spaces betwe5 !m are fill$ up ) muscles1 "s ( :i* draw ! ribs toge!r1 :ile o!rs draw !m ap>t4 ,c y tell any reason :y ! walls ( ! *e/ are ela/ic8 ,! l[] wall or floor ( ! *e/ cavity is =m$ by a muscle call$ ! diaphragm1 :i* divides ! trunk into two cavities1 ! *e/ & ! abdom54 #bj4 ,h[ we ,use ! ,lungs4--,n[ let u notice h[ we use ! lungs & :at takes place 9 !m4 ,:5 we use a pair ( bell[s1 we take hold ( ! h&les & draw !m ap>t4 ,! sides ( ! bell[s are drawn ap>t s t !re is m room betwe5 ! sides4 ,! air !n ru%es 9 to fill ! space4 ,:5 ! bell[s are full1 we press ! h&les toge!r & ! air is =c$ out4 #ba4 ,x is 9 j ?is way t we brea!4 ,:5 we are ab\t to take a long brea?1 ! muscles pull ^u ! sides ( ! *e/ 9 su* a way z to draw !m ap>t4 ,at ! same "t ! diaphragm draws itself d[nw>d4 ,by ^! means1 ! cavity ( ! *e/ is made l>g] & air ru%es 9 ?r\gh ! nose or m\? to fill ! space4 ,:5 ! muscles /op pull+1 ! walls ( ! *e/ fall back aga9 to _! usual position & ! diaphragm rises4 ,! cavity ( ! *e/ !n becomes small] & ! air is =c$ out ?r\gh ! nose or m\?4 ,?is process is repeat$ e "t we brea!4 #bb4 ,we brea! once = ea* f\r he>t-beats4 ,small *ildr5 brea! m rapidly ?an gr[n p]sons4 ,we usually brea! ab\t eighte5 or tw5ty times 9 a m9ute4 #bc4 ,h[ ,mu* ! ,lungs ,hold4--,e "t we brea!1 we take into our lungs ab\t two ?irds ( a p9t ( air & brea! out ! same quantity4 ,our lungs hold1 h[ev]1 v mu* m ?an ?is am\nt4 ,a man1 aft] he has tak5 a full brea?1 c brea! out a gallon ( air1 or m ?an t5 times ! usual am\nt4 ,aft] he has brea!d out all he c1 !re is /ill almo/ half a gallon ( air 9 8 lungs :i* he _c brea! out4 ,s y see ! lungs hold almo/ a gallon & a half ( air4 #bd4 ,d y ?9k y c tell :y ,nature has giv5 u s mu* m room 9 ! lungs ?an we ord9>ily use 9 brea?+8 ,if y w run up & d[n /airs ?ree or f\r times y w see :y we ne$ ?is extra lung-room4 ,x is because :5 we ex]cise vigor\sly ! he>t works v mu* fa/] & beats h>d]1 & we mu/ brea! mu* fa/] & full] to enable ! lungs to purify ! blood z fa/ z ! he>t pumps x into !m4 #be4 ,! ,two ,brea?s4--,we h le>n$ t ! air :i* we brea! out conta9s some?+ :i* is n f\nd 9 ! air :i* we brea! 94 ,?is is c>bonic-acid gas4 ,h[ _m ( y rememb] h[ we f\nd ?is out8 ,we c also tell ?is 9 ano!r way4 ,if we put a c&le d[n 9 a wide j> x w burn = "s "t4 ,if we brea! into ! j> fir/1 h[ev]1 ! c&le w g out z soon z we put x into ! j>4 ,?is %[s t ! air :i* we brea! out conta9s some?+ :i* w put a c&le out4 ,?is is c>bonic-acid gas1 :i* is a poison & w de/roy life4 #bf4 ,o!r ,poisons4--,! air :i* we brea! out also conta9s o!r invisible poisons :i* are v mu* worse ?an ! c>bonic-acid gas4 ,^! poisons make ! air ( a cr[d$ or unv5tilat$ room smell v unpleasant to "o :o has j come 9 f ! fre% air4 ,su* air is unfit to brea!4 #bg4 ,! ,lungs ,purify ! ,blood4--,we h le>n$ t ! blood becomes d>k 9 its j\rney ?r\gh ! body4 ,?is is because x loses its oxyg5 & receives c>bonic-acid gas4 ,:ile pass+ ?r\gh ! capill>ies ( ! lungs1 ! blood gives out ! c>bonic-acid gas :i* x has ga!r$ up 9 ! tissues1 & takes up a new supply ( oxyg51 :i* re/ores its sc>let hue4 #bh4 ,h[ ! ,air is ,purifi$4--,p]haps x occurs to y t ) s _m p & animals brea?+ all ! :ile1 ! air w\ld aft] a "t become s fill$ ) c>bonic-acid gas t x w\ld be unfit to brea!4 ,?is is prev5t$ by a wond]ful arrangem5t ( ,nature4 ,! c>bonic-acid gas :i* is s poison\s to u is "o ( ! mo/ necess>y foods = plants4 ,plants take 9 c>bonic-acid gas ?r\gh _! leaves1 & s5d ! oxyg5 back into ! air ready = u to use aga94 #bi4 ,we h already le>n$ t ! oxyg5 tak5 9 by ! lungs is c>ri$ to ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body by ! little blood corpuscles4 ,! effect ( /rong liquors is to injure ^! corpuscles s t !y _c c>ry s mu* oxyg5 z !y ought to d4 ,= ?is reason1 ! blood ( a drunk>d is d>k] 9 color ?an t ( a temp]ate p]son1 & conta9s m c>bonic-acid gas4 ,! drunk>d's lungs may supply all ! air he ne$s1 b 8 blood has be5 s damag$ t he _c use x4 ,excessive smok+ has a simil> effect4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,our bodies ne$ air1 j z a c&le or a fire does4 #b4 ,a small animal %ut up 9 a close j> soon dies = want ( air4 ,we ne$ ! oxyg5 :i* ! air conta9s4 #c4 ,oxyg5 causes a sort ( burn+ 9 our bodies4 #d4 ,! burn+ 9 our bodies keeps u w>m1 & de/roys "s ( ! wa/e matt]s4 #e4 ,! brea?+ organs are ! w9dpipe & bron*ial tubes1 ! voice-box1 ! epiglottis1 ! no/rils1 ! s(t palate1 ! lungs1 ! air-cells1 ! pleura1 ! diaphragm1 & ! *e/ walls4 #f4 ,:5 we brea! we use our lungs l a pair ( bell[s4 #g4 ,a man's lungs hold ne>ly "o & a half gallons ( air4 #h4 ,9 ord9>y brea?+ we use less ?an a p9t ( air1 b :5 necess>y we c use mu* m4 #i4 ,! air we brea! out conta9s c>bonic-acid gas & ano!r invisible poison4 #aj4 ,a c&le w n burn 9 air :i* has be5 brea!d1 & animals die :5 conf9$ 9 su* air4 #aa4 ,! lungs purify ! blood4 ,:ile pass+ ?r\gh ! lungs1 ! color ( ! blood *anges f purple to bright r$4 #ab4 ,plants purify ! air by remov+ ! c>bonic-acid gas4 #ac4 ,alcohol & tobacco injure ! blood corpuscles s t !y _c take up ! oxyg5 f ! air :i* ! lungs receive4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,lungs ,,heal?y4 #a4 ,pure ,air ,necess>y4--,a p]son may g )\t eat+ = a mon?1 or )\t dr9k+ = sev]al days1 & /ill live2 b a /rong man w die 9 a few mom5ts if depriv$ ( air4 ,x is v important t we brea! pl5ty ( pure air4 ,!re are _m ways 9 :i* ! air becomes impure4 #b4 ,bad ,odors4--,any?+ :i* rots or decays w 9 s do+ produce an unpleasant odor4 ,bad odors produc$ 9 ?is way are v h>mful & likely to make u sick4 ,_m p h rott+ potatoes & o!r vegetables 9 _! cell>s1 & swill b>rels1 & heaps ( refuse 9 _! back y>ds4 ,^! are all dang]\s to heal?1 & (t5 give rise to v s]i\s disease4 ,we %\ld always rememb] t bad odors caus$ by decay+ sub/ances are signs ( dang] to heal? & life1 & t ^! sub/ances %\ld be remov$ f u1 or we %\ld get away f !m1 z soon z possible4 #c4 ,g]ms4--,! *ief reason :y bad odors are dang]\s is t !y almo/ always h ) !m little liv+ ?+s call$ g]ms4 ,g]ms are s small t !y _c be se5 by ! nak$ eye3 x takes a /rong microscope to enable u to see !m1 b !y are s p[]ful to d h>m t if we receive !m into our bodies !y are likely to make u v sick1 & !y (t5 cause dea?4 #d4 ,contagi\s ,diseases4--,y h he>d ab\t diph!ria & sc>let fev] & measles1 & o!r cat*+ diseases4 ,:5 a p]son is sick ) "o ( ^! diseases1 ! air ab\t him is poison$ ) g]ms or some?+ simil>1 :i* may give ! same disease to o!r p]sons :o inhale x4 ,s :5 a p]son is sick f "o ( ^! diseases1 x is v important t he %\ld be put 9 a room by himself & %ut away f e "o b ! doctor & ! nurse4 ,x is also necess>y t all ! clo?+ & b$d+ us$ by ! sick p]son1 & ev]y?+ 9 ! room1 z well z ! room itself1 %\ld be c>efully cleans$ & dis9fect$ :5 ! p]son has recov]$1 s z to wipe out e trace ( ! disease4 ,! writ] has kn[n _m cases 9 :i* p]sons :o h be5 sick ) "s ( ^! diseases 7 c>eless & gave ! disease to o!rs :o di$ ( x1 al?\gh !y !mselves recov]$4 ,d y n ?9k x v wrong = a p]son to give to ano!r ?r\gh c>elessness a disease :i* may cause 8 dea?8 #e4 ,unheal?ful vapors & odors ( v>i\s sorts arise f ci/]ns & damp1 close places "u a h\se4 ,rooms :i* are %ad$ & %ut up s closely t fre% air & sun%9e seldom get into !m %\ld be avoid$ z dang]\s to heal?4 #f4 ,brea?-,poison$ ,air4--,! mo/ dang]\s ( all ! poisons to :i* we are expos$ ?r\gh ! air are ^? ( ! brea?1 ( :i* we le>n$ 9 a prec$+ lesson4 ,we ne$ pl5ty ( fre% air to take ! place ( ! air :i* we poison by our brea?4 ,e "t we brea!1 we spoil at lea/ half a b>relful ( air4 ,we brea! tw5ty times a m9ute1 & h5ce spoil t5 b>rels ( air 9 "o m9ute4 ,h[ _m b>rels w\ld ?is make 9 "o h\r8 ,we ne$ an equal quantity ( pure air to take ! place ( ! spoil$ air1 or n less ?an t5 b>rels e m9ute1 or six hundr$ b>rels e h\r4 #g4 ,v5tilation4--,! only way to obta9 ! am\nt ( fre% air ne$$1 :5 we are %ut up 9-doors1 is to h "s means provid$ by :i* ! fre% air %all be br\ght 9 & ! old & impure air c>ri$ out4 ,*ang+ ! air by su* means is call$ v5tilation4 ,e h\se1 & especially e sleep+-room1 %\ld be well v5tilat$4 ,s*ool-h\ses1 *ur*es1 & o!r places :]e _m p ga!r1 ne$ p]fect v5tilation4 ,ask y\r tea*] to %[ y h[ ! s*ool-room is v5tilat$2 & :5 y g home1 talk to y\r p>5ts ab\t ! v5tilation ( ! h\se 9 :i* y live4 #h4 ,_m p v5tilate _! h\ses by op5+ ! doors & w9d[s4 ,?is is a v good way ( v5tilat+ a h\se 9 w>m wea!r1 b is a v poor way 9 cold wea!r1 z x causes cold draughts1 & makes ! floor cold1 s t x is difficult to keep ! feet w>m4 ,x is mu* bett] to h ! air w>m$ by a furnace or "s simil> means1 be=e x ent]s ! rooms4 ,!re ought also to be 9 ea* room a regi/] to take ! f\l air out1 s t x w n be necess>y to op5 ! w9d[s4 ,?is regi/] %\ld be plac$ at ! floor1 because :5 ! pure air ent]s ! room w>m1 x fir/ rises to ! upp] "p ( ! room1 & !n z x cools & at ! same "t becomes impure1 x settles to ! floor1 :]e x %\ld be tak5 out by ! regi/]4 #i4 ,h[ to ,brea!4--,we %\ld always take pa9s to exp& ! lungs well 9 brea?+1 & to use ! entire *e/1 bo? ! upp] & ! l[] "p4 ,clo?+ %\ld be worn 9 su* a way t e portion ( ! *e/ c be exp&$4 ,= ?is reason x is v wrong to we> ! clo?+ tight ab\t ! wai/4 ,clo?+ s worn is likely to cause ! lungs to become diseas$4 #aj4 ,bad ,habits4--,/ud5ts are v apt to make !mselves flat-*e/$ & r\nd-%\ld]$ by lean+ ov] _! desks :ile writ+ or /udy+4 ,?is is v h>mful4 ,we %\ld always use great c>e to sit erect & to draw ! %\ld]s well back4 ,!n1 if we take pa9s to fill ! lungs well a great _m times e day1 we %all =m ! habit ( exp&+ ! lungs1 & %all brea! deep]1 ev5 :5 we are n ?9k+ ab\t do+ s4 #aa4 ,brea?+ ?r\gh ! ,nose4--,9 brea?+1 we %\ld always take c>e to draw ! air 9 ?r\gh ! nose1 & n ?r\gh ! m\?4 ,! nose acts z a /ra9]1 to remove p>ticles ( du/ :i* might d h>m if all[$ to ent] ! lungs4 ,x also w>ms & moi/5s ! air 9 cold wea!r4 ,! habit ( brea?+ ?r\gh ! m\? (t5 gives rise to s]i\s disease ( ! ?roat & lungs4 #ab4 ,effects ( ,alcohol & ,tobacco ^u ! ,lungs4--,bo? alcohol & tobacco produce disease ( ! brea?+ organs4 ,smok+ injures ! ?roat & sometimes causes loss ( smell4 ,s]i\s & ev5 fatal diseases ( ! lungs are (t5 caus$ by alcohol4 #ac4 ,_m p suppose t ! use ( alcohol w save a man f consumption4 ,?is is n true4 ,a man may become a drunk>d by ! use ( alcohol1 & yet he is m likely to h consumption ?an he w\ld h be5 if he _h be5 a total ab/a9]4 ,drunk>d's consumption is "o ( ! mo/ dreadful =ms ( ?is disease4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,pure air is z necess>y z food & dr9k4 #b4 ,any?+ :i* is rott+ or und]go+ decay causes a bad odor1 & ?us makes ! air impure4 #c4 ,f\l air conta9s g]ms :i* cause disease & (t5 dea?4 #d4 ,p]sons sick ) cat*+ diseases %\ld be c>efully avoid$4 ,su* p]sons %\ld be %ut away f ^? :o are well1 & _! rooms & clo?+ %\ld be c>efully cleans$ & dis9fect$4 #e4 ,! brea? poisons ! air ab\t u4 ,ea* brea? spoils half a b>relful ( air4 #f4 ,we %\ld *ange ! air 9 our h\ses1 or v5tilate !m1 s t we may always h pure air4 #g4 ,we %\ld always keep ! body erect1 & exp& ! lungs well 9 brea?+4 #h4 ,! clo?+ ab\t ! *e/ & wai/ %\ld be loose1 s t ! lungs may h room to exp&4 #i4 ,always brea! ?r\gh ! nose4 #aj4 ,tobacco causes disease ( ! ?roat & nose4 #aa4 ,alcohol causes consumption & o!r diseases ( ! lungs4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,sk9 ,,& ,,:at ,,x ,,does4 #a4 ,! ,sk94--,! sk9 is ! cov]+ ( ! body4 ,x fits s exactly t x has ! precise %ape ( ! body1 l a closely fitt+ g>m5t4 ,if y w take up a little fold ( ! sk9 y w see t x c be /ret*$ l a piece ( india-rubb]4 ,l rubb]1 :5 x is releas$ x quickly contracts & appe>s z be=e4 #b4 ,! ,b>k ( ,trees4--,did y ev] peel ! b>k (f ( a "y tree8 ,if s1 y h notic$ t !re 7 really two b>ks1 an out] b>k1 z ?9 z pap]1 ?r\gh :i* y c\ld almo/ see1 & an inn] & mu* ?ick] b>k1 :i* lay next to ! wood ( ! tree4 ,y c peel ! out] b>k (f )\t do+ ! tree mu* h>m4 ,inde$1 if y w notice "s ( ! fruit or %ade trees 9 ! y>d1 at home1 y w see t ! out] b>k ( ! tree peels itself (f1 a little at a "t1 & t new b>k gr[s 9 its place4 ,if y te> (f ! inn] b>k1 h[ev]1 x w injure ! tree4 ,x w make x ble$1 or cause ! sap to run4 ,! sap is ! blood ( ! tree4 ,! b>k is ! sk9 ( ! tree4 ,:5 ! b>e place heals ov]1 an ugly sc> w be left4 #c4 ,! ,cuticle4--,our bodies1 l trees1 h two sk9s1 or really "o sk9 ) an out] & an inn] lay]4 ,:5 a p]son burns himself s z to make a bli/]1 ! out] sk91 call$ ! cuticle1 is sep>at$ f ! inn] by a quantity ( wat] or s]um p\r$ out f ! blood4 ,?is causes ! bli/] to rise above ! surr\nd+ sk94 ,if y puncture ! bli/] ! wat] runs out4 ,n[ we may easily remove ! cuticle & exam9e x4 ,! cuticle1 we %all f9d1 looks v mu* l ! sk9 :i* l9es ! inside ( an egg-%ell1 & x is almo/ z ?94 #d4 ,! cuticle is v ?9 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! body1 b 9 "s places1 z ! palms ( ! h&s & ! soles ( ! feet1 x is q ?ick4 ,?is is because ^! p>ts ( ! sk9 come 9 contact ) objects 9 su* a way z to be liable to injury if n ?us protect$4 ,! cuticle has no blood-vessels & v few n]ves4 ,) a f9e ne$le & ?read y c easily take a /it* 9 x )\t mak+ x ble$ or caus+ any pa94 #e4 ,! ,pigm5t4--,! "u side ( ! cuticle is color$ by little p>ticles ( pigm5t or color+ matt]4 ,! color ( ?is pigm5t diff]s 9 diff]5t races4 ,9 ! negro1 ! color ( ! pigm5t is black4 ,9 "s races ! pigm5t is br[n4 ,9 :ite p]sons !re is v little pigm5t1 & 9 "s p]sons1 call$ alb9os1 !re is none at all4 #f4 ,! ,inn] or ,true ,sk94--,! inn] sk91 l ! inn] b>k ( a tree1 is mu* ?ick] ?an ! out] sk94 ,x is mu* m important1 & = ?is reason is sometimes call$ ! true sk94 ,x conta9s n]ves & blood-vessels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sk9 ,,( ,,palm ,,( ,,h& ,,magnifi$4 #g4 ,! ,sweat ,gl&s4--,if y look at ! palm ( ! h& y w see _m co>se l9es1 & by look+ mu* clos] y w see t ! palm is completely cov]$ ) v f9e ridges & furr[s4 ,n[1 if y exam9e ^! ridges ) a magnify+-glass1 y w f9d arrang$ along ea* ridge a numb] ( little d>k spots4 ,ea* ( ^! po9ts is ! m\? ( a v small tube4 ,?is is call$ a sweat duct4 ,^! ducts run d[n ?r\gh bo? ! out] & inn] lay]s ( ! sk94 ,at ! "u side ( ! true sk9 ! end ( ! tube is roll$ up 9 a coil1 z y c see by look+ at ! illu/ration on ! foll[+ page4 ,! coil$ p>ts ( ! tubes are call$ sweat gl&s1 because !y sep>ate f ! blood ! fluid :i* we call sweat or p]spiration4 #h4 ,! ,oil ,gl&s4--,!re are o!r little gl&s 9 ! sk9 :i* make fat or oil4 ,! oil is p\r$ out ^u ! sk9 to keep x s(t & smoo?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/ructure ,,( ,,! ,,sk94 #i4 ,! ,hair4--,!re are "s curi\s little pockets 9 ! sk94 ,out ( ea* ( ^! pockets gr[s a hair4 ,on "s p>ts ( ! body ! hairs are co>se & long2 on o!r p>ts !y are f9e & %ort4 #aj4 ,_m ( ! ducts lead+ f ! oil gl&s op5 into ! pockets or p\*es f :i* ! hairs gr[4 ,! oil makes ! hair s(t & glossy4 ,nature has ?us provid$ an excell5t means = oil+ ! hair4 #aa4 ,! hair is *iefly useful z a protection4 ,x is also an ornam5t4 #ab4 ,! ,nails4--,! nails ( ! f+]s & ! toes gr[ out ( little pockets 9 ! sk9 j z ! hairs d4 ,bo? ! hair & ! nails are really p>ts ( ! out] sk91 :i* is curi\sly *ang$ & h>d5$4 ,! nails lie ^u ! surface ( ! true sk9 & gr[ f ! "u side z well z f ! little fold ( sk9 at ! root ( ! nail4 ,!y are made to give firmness & protection to ! ends ( ! f+]s & toes4 ,! nails ( ! f+]s are also useful 9 pick+ up small objects & 9 _m o!r ways4 #ac4 ,uses ( ! ,sk94--,! sk9 is useful 9 sev]al ways3 7#a7 ,x ,removes ,wa/e4--,! sweat gl&s & ducts are con/antly at "w remov+ f ! blood p>ticles :i* h be5 worn out & c be ( no fur!r use4 ,if we get v w>m1 or if we run or "w v h>d1 ! sk9 becomes wet ) sweat4 ,9 a little :ile1 if we /op to re/1 ! sweat is all gone4 ,:at becomes ( x8 ,y say x dries up1 :i* means t x has pass$ (f into ! air4 ,sweat+ is go+ on all ! "t1 b we d n sweat s mu* :5 we are quiet & are n too w>m1 & s ! sweat dries up z fa/ z x is produc$1 & we d n see x4 ,ne>ly a qu>t ( sweat escapes f ! sk9 daily4 7#b7 ,brea?+ ?r\gh ! ,sk94--,we brea! to a slight ext5t ?r\gh ! sk94 ,!re are "s l[] animals :i* brea! ) _! sk9s altoge!r4 ,a frog c brea! ) its sk9 s well t x c live = "s "t aft] its lungs h be5 remov$4 ,brea?+ is an important "p ( ! "w ( ! sk91 & we %\ld be c>eful1 by keep+ x clean & heal?y1 to give x a good *ance to brea! all t x c4 7#c7 ,! ,sk9 ,absorbs4--,! sk9 absorbs _m sub/ances :i* come 9 contact ) x1 & h5ce %\ld be kept clean4 ,if ! f\l sub/ances :i* are remov$ 9 ! sweat are all[$ to rema9 ^u ! sk91 !y may be tak5 back into ! sy/em & ?us d mu* h>m4 7#d7 ,! ,sk9 has ,feel+4--,:5 any?+ t\*es ! sk9 we "k x by ! feel+4 ,we c tell a great _m ?+s ab\t objects by feel+ ( !m4 ,if we happ5 to /ick a p9 into ! sk9 we feel pa94 ,we are also able to tell ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?+s :i* are hot & ^? :i* are cold4 ,?us ! s5se ( feel+ :i* ! sk9 has is v useful to u4 7#e7 ,! ,sk9 ,protects ! ,body4--,! sk9 is a natural clo?+ :i* protects u mu* bett] ?an any o!r k9d ( clo?+ c\ld4 ,x is s s(t & pliable t x _c hurt ! mo/ delicate "p :i* x cov]s1 yet x is v /rong & t\gh4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,! sk9 is ! cov]+ ( ! body4 ,x has two lay]s1 ! out]1 call$ ! cuticle1 & ! inn]1 call$ ! true sk94 #b4 ,a sub/ance call$ pigm5t is f\nd betwe5 ! two sk9s4 ,?is gives ! sk9 its color4 #c4 ,! true sk9 has blood-vessels & n]ves1 b ! cuticle has no blood-vessels & v few n]ves4 #d4 ,9 ! true sk9 are gl&s :i* produce sweat1 & o!rs :i* make fat1 or oil4 #e4 ,! nails are really a "p ( ! sk94 ,!y are firm & h>d1 & protect ! ends ( ! f+]s & ! toes4 #f4 ,! hair gr[s f ! true sk94 ,! hair is made s(t & glossy by oil f ! oil gl&s ( ! sk94 #g4 ,! sk9 is a v useful organ4 ,x removes wa/e matt]s1 x brea!s1 x absorbs1 x has feel+1 & x protects ! body4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,take ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,sk94 #a4 ,uses ( ! ,pores ( ! ,sk94--,_m ye>s ago1 at a great celebration1 a little boy 0 cov]$ all ov] ) v>ni% & gold leaf1 s z to make him repres5t an angel4 ,! little gild$ boy look$ v pretty = a %ort "t1 b soon he became v sick1 & 9 a few h\rs he 0 dead4 ,c y guess :at made him die8 ,he di$ because ! pores ( 8 sk9 7 /opp$ up1 & ! sweat gl&s c\ld n c>ry (f ! poison\s matt] f 8 body4 #b4 ,cleanl9ess4--,did y ev] "k ( a boy :o _h 8 sk9 v>ni%$8 ,n exactly1 p]haps2 b !re are _m boys :o d n h _! sk9s wa%$ z (t5 z !y ought to be1 & ! sweat & oil & dead scales =m a sort ( v>ni% :i* /ops up ! little ducts & prev5ts ! air f gett+ to ! sk91 almo/ z mu* z a coat ( v>ni% w\ld d4 #c4 ,! ,sweat ,gl&s4--,! sweat gl&s & ducts are l little sew]s1 made to c>ry away "s ( ! impurities ( ! body4 ,!re are s _m ( !m t1 if !y 7 all put toge!r1 !y w\ld make a tube two or ?ree miles long4 ,^! little sew]s dra9 (f almo/ a qu>t ( impurities 9 ! =m ( sweat e day4 ,s y see t x is v important = ! sk9 to be kept clean & heal?y4 #d4 ,ba?+4--,a bird takes a ba? e day4 ,dogs & _m o!r animals l to g into ! wat] to ba!4 ,"s ( y h se5 a great elephant take a ba? by %[]+ ! wat] ov] himself ) 8 trunk4 ,to keep ! sk9 heal?y we %\ld ba! frequ5tly4 #e4 ,:5 we take a ba? = cleanl9ess x is necess>y to use a little soap1 s z to remove ! oil :i* is mix$ up ) ! dry sweat1 dead scales1 & dirt :i* may h become atta*$ to ! sk94 #f4 ,x is n well to take hot ba?s v (t51 z !y h a t5d5cy to make ! sk9 too s5sitive4 ,ba?+ 9 cool wat] h>d5s ! sk91 & r5d]s "o less likely to take cold4 #g4 ,! ,clo?+4--,! sk9 %\ld be protect$ by prop] clo?+1 b x is n well to we> m ?an is necess>y1 z x makes ! sk9 s s5sitive t "o is liable to take cold4 #h4 ,! ,prop] ,temp]ature ( ,rooms4--,x is also v unwise = a p]son to keep ! rooms 9 :i* he lives too w>m1 & to /ay too mu* 9-doors1 z x makes him v liable to take cold :5 he goes out-(-doors4 ,"o :o is out ( doors 9 all k9ds ( wea!r seldom takes cold4 #i4 ,c>e ( ! ,hair & ! ,nails4--,! scalp %\ld be kept clean by ?or\gh & frequ5t wa%+ & daily bru%+4 ,hair oils are seldom ne$$4 ,if ! sk9 ( ! head is kept 9 a heal?y condition1 ! hair requires no oil4 #aj4 ,! habit ( bit+ & pick+ ! f+]nails is a v unpleasant "o1 & keeps ! nails 9 a brok5 & unheal?y condition4 ,! nails %\ld be c>efully trimm$ ) a %>p knife or a pair ( scissors4 #aa4 ,effects ( ,n>cotics & ,/imulants ^u ! ,sk94--,alcohol1 tobacco1 opium1 & all o!r n>cotics & /imulants h a bad effect ^u ! sk94 ,alcohol (t5 causes ! sk9 to become r$ & blot*$1 & tobacco gives x a d+y & unheal?y appe>ance4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,if ! pores ( ! sk9 are clos$1 a p]son w die4 #b4 ,we %\ld ba! (t5 en\gh to keep ! sk9 clean4 #c4 ,we %\ld n keep our rooms too w>m1 & %\ld avoid we>+ too mu* clo?+4 #d4 ,alcohol1 tobacco1 & o!r /imulants & n>cotics injure ! sk94 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,kidneys ,,& ,,_! ,,"w4 #a4 ,! ,kidneys4--,! kidneys are among ! mo/ important organs ( ! body4 ,!y are 9 ! cavity ( ! abdom51 ne> ! back-bone1 up "u ! l[] bord] ( ! ribs4 ,p]haps y h se5 ! kidneys ( a %eep or a hog4 ,if y h1 y "k v ne>ly h[ ! kidneys ( our own bodies appe>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kidney4 #b4 ,! ,"w ( ! ,kidneys4--,! "w ( ! kidneys is to sep>ate f ! blood c]ta9 v poison\s sub/ances1 :i* w\ld soon cause our dea? if !y 7 n remov$4 ,x is v important to keep ^! useful organs 9 good heal?1 because a p]son is c]ta9 to die v soon :5 ! kidneys are 9 any way s]i\sly injur$4 #c4 ,h[ to ,keep ! ,kidneys ,heal?y4--,"o way ( keep+ ! kidneys 9 good heal? is to dr9k pl5ty ( pure wat]1 & to avoid eat+ too mu* meat & ri* food4 ,pepp]1 mu/>d1 & o!r hot sauces are v h>mful to ! kidneys4 #d4 ,importance ( ,keep+ ! ,sk9 ,clean4--,! "w ( ! kidneys is v simil> to t ( ! sk92 & :5 ! sk9 does n d its full duty1 ! kidneys h to d m ?an !y %\ld1 & h5ce are likely to become diseas$4 ,= ?is reason1 p]sons :o all[ _! sk9s to become inactive by neglect+ to ba! frequ5tly are apt to h disease ( ! kidneys4 #e4 ,effects ( ,alcohol & ,tobacco ^u ! ,kidneys4--,a piece ( beef plac$ 9 alcohol soon becomes dry & h>d1 & %rivels up z ?\gh x _h be5 burn$4 ,! effect ^u ! kidneys ( dr9k+ /rong liquor is almo/ ! same4 ,be] & h>d cid] also d ! kidneys h>m1 sometimes produc+ incurable disease ( ^! important organs4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,! kidneys some:at resemble ! sk9 9 _! /ructure & 9 _! "w4 #b4 ,! kidneys remove f ! blood "s poison\s sub/ances4 #c4 ,to keep ! kidneys heal?y we %\ld dr9k pl5ty ( wat]1 avoid irritat+ foods & dr9ks1 & keep ! sk9 9 heal? by prop] ba?+4 #d4 ,! dr9k+ ( /rong liquors (t5 causes incurable disease ( ! kidneys4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,our ,,bones ,,& ,,_! ,,uses4 #a4 ,! ,bones4--,9 an e>li] *apt] we le>n$ some?+ ab\t ! bones4 ,?is we mu/ try to recall4 ,y w rememb] t we call$ ! bones ! framework ( ! body1 j z ! timb]s :i* are fir/ put up 9 build+ a h\se are call$ its frame4 #b4 ,! ,skeleton4--,all ! bones toge!r make up ! skeleton4 7,see page #ie47 ,!re are ab\t two hundr$ bones 9 all4 ,!y are ( _m diff]5t %apes4 ,!y v>y 9 size f ! little bones ( ! e>1 :i* are ! smalle/1 to ! upp] bone ( ! leg1 :i* is ! l>ge/ 9 ! body4 #c4 ,! skeleton is divid$ into f\r p>ts3 ! skull1 ! trunk1 ! arms1 & ! legs4 ,we mu/ le>n some?+ m ab\t ! bones ( ea* "p4 #d4 ,! ,skull4--,! skull is some:at l a %ell4 ,x is made ( a numb] ( bones jo9$ toge!r 9 su* a way z to leave a holl[ place inside to hold ! bra94 ,! front "p ( ! skull =ms ! framework ( ! face & ! jaws4 ,9 ea* e> !re are ?ree curi\s little bones1 :i* aid u 9 he>+4 #e4 ,! ,trunk4--,! bones ( ! trunk are1 ! ribs1 ! brea/-bone1 ! pelvis1 & ! back-bone4 ,! bones ( ! trunk =m a framework to support & protect ! v>i\s organs )9 its cavities4 #f4 ,! ,ribs4--,!re are twelve ribs on ea* side4 ,! ribs jo9 ! back-bone at ! back4 ,!y are connect$ by c>tilage to ! brea/-bone 9 front4 ,!y look some:at l ! hoops ( a b>rel4 ,) ! brea/-bone & ! back-bone !y =m a bony cage to conta9 & protect ! he>t & ! lungs4 #g4 ,! ,pelvis4--,! pelvis is at ! l[] "p ( ! trunk4 ,x is =m$ by ?ree bones1 closely jo9$ toge!r4 ,! l>ge bones at ei!r side are call$ ! hip-bones4 ,ea* hip-bone conta9s a deep r\nd cavity 9 :i* ! upp] end ( ! ?igh-bone re/s4 #h4 ,! ,back-bone4--,! back-bone1 or sp9al column1 is made up ( tw5ty-f\r small bones1 jo9$ toge!r 9 su* a way t ! :ole c be b5t 9 v>i\s directions4 ,! skull re/s ^u ! upp] end ( ! sp9al column4 ,! l[] end ( ! back-bone =ms a "p ( ! pelvis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,skeleton ,,( ,a ,,man4 #i4 ,! ,sp9al ,canal4--,ea* ( ! sep>ate bones t make up ! back-bone has an op5+ ?r\gh x1 & ! bones are s arrang$1 "o above ano!r1 t ! op5+s make a sort ( canal 9 ! back-bone4 ,by ! connection ( ! sp9al column to ! head1 ?is canal op5s into ! cavity ( ! skull4 ,?r\gh ?is canal !re passes a peculi> sub/ance call$ ! sp9al cord1 ( :i* we %all le>n m at ano!r "t4 #aj4 ,! ,arms4--,ea* ( ! arms has five bones1 besides ! small bones ( ! h&4 ,!y are ! coll>-bone1 :i* connects ! %\ld] to ! brea/-bone1 ! %\ld]-blade1 at ! back ( ! %\ld]s1 ! upp] arm-bone1 betwe5 ! %\ld] & ! elb[1 & ! two l[] arm-bones1 betwe5 ! elb[ & ! wri/4 ,!re are eight little bones 9 ! wri/1 five 9 t "p ( ! h& next to ! wri/1 & f\rte5 9 ! f+]s & ?umb4 #aa4 ,! ,legs4--,! bones ( ! leg are ! ?igh or upp] leg-bone1 ! knee-pan or knee-cap1 :i* cov]s ! front ( ! knee1 ! two bones ( ! l[] leg1 ! heel-bone & six o!r bones 9 ! ankle1 five bones 9 t "p ( ! foot next to ! ankle1 & f\rte5 bones 9 ! toes4 #ab4 ,use ( ! ,bones4--,! skeleton is n only necess>y z a framework = ! body1 b x is useful 9 o!r ways4 ,"s ( ! bones1 z ! skull1 protect delicate p>ts4 ,! bra9 is s s(t & delicate t x w\ld be v unsafe )\t its solid bony cov]+4 ,! sp9al cord also ne$s ! protection :i* x f9ds 9 ! /rong b flexible back-bone4 ,! bones help to move our h&s & arms1 & assi/ u 9 walk+4 #ac4 ,! ,jo9ts4--,! places :]e two or m bones are fa/5$ toge!r are call$ jo9ts4 ,"s jo9ts we c move v freely1 z ^? ( ! %\ld] & ! hip4 ,o!rs h no motion at all1 z ^? ( ! bones ( ! skull4 #ad4 ,c>tilage4--,! ends ( bones :i* come toge!r to =m a jo9t are cov]$ ) a smoo?1 t\gh sub/ance1 :i* protects ! bone f we>4 ,?is is call$ gri/le or c>tilage4 ,y h1 no d\bt1 se5 ! gri/le on ! end ( a s\p-bone or on "o ( ! bones ( a jo9t ( beef4 #ae4 ,! jo9t conta9s a fluid to oil x1 s t ! ends ( ! bones move ^u ea* o!r v easily4 ,if ! jo9ts 7 dry1 e movem5t ( ! body w\ld be v difficult & pa9ful4 #af4 ,! bones are held toge!r at ! jo9ts by means ( /rong b&s call$ ligam5ts4 #ag4 ,h[ ! ,bones are ,made4--,! bones are n s solid z !y seem to be4 ,! outside ( mo/ bones is mu* h>d] & firm] ?an ! inside4 ,long bones1 l ^? ( ! arms & ! legs1 are holl[4 ,! holl[ space is fill$ ) m>r[1 9 :i* are ! blood-vessels :i* n\ri% ! bone4 #ah4 ,an ,exp]im5t4--,if y w weigh a piece ( bone1 !n burn x 9 ! fire = sev]al h\rs1 & !n weigh x aga91 y w f9d t x has lo/ ab\t "o ?ird ( its weight4 ,y w also notice t x has become brittle1 & t x seems l *alk4 #ai4 ,:y ! ,bones are ,brittle4--,! h>d1 brittle portion ( a bone :i* is left aft] x has be5 burn$ conta9s a good deal ( *alk & o!r e>?y sub/ances1 sometimes call$ bone-e>?4 ,x is ?is :i* makes ! bones s h>d & firm t !y d n b5d by ! weight ( ! body4 ,:5 we are "y1 ! bones h less ( ?is bone-e>?1 & s !y b5d easily1 & readily get out ( %ape4 ,:5 we get old1 !y conta9 s mu* bone-e>? t !y become m brittle1 & (t5 break v easily4 #bj4 ,a p]son's height dep5ds ^u ! l5g? ( 8 bones4 ,! use ( alcohol & tobacco by a gr[+ boy has a t5d5cy to /unt ! gr[? ( 8 bones1 s t !y d n develop z !y %\ld4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,!re are ab\t two hundr$ bones 9 ! body4 #b4 ,all toge!r !y are call$ ! skeleton4 #c4 ,! skeleton is divid$ z foll[s3 a4 ,! skull4 ,ribs4 b4 ,! trunk4 ,brea/-bone4 ,pelvis4 ,back-bone4 ,coll>-bone4 ,%\ld]-blade4 ,upp] arm-bones4 c4 ,! arms4 ,l[] arm-bones4 ,wri/4 ,h& & f+]s4 ,?igh4 ,knee-pan4 d4 ,! legs4 ,l[]-leg bones4 ,ankle1 includ+ heel-bone4 ,foot & toes4 #d4 ,! bones are useful = support1 protection1 & motion4 #e4 ,! place :]e two bones jo9 is call$ a jo9t4 #f4 ,! t\gh sub/ance :i* cov]s ! ends ( _m bones is call$ c>tilage or gri/le4 #g4 ,! jo9ts are enabl$ to "w easily by ! aid ( a fluid secret$ = t purpose4 #h4 ,! ends ( ! bones are held toge!r 9 a jo9t by means ( ligam5ts4 #i4 ,bones are ab\t two ?irds e>?y matt] & "o ?ird animal matt]4 #aj4 ,! use ( alcohol & tobacco may prev5t prop] developm5t ( ! bones4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,bones ,,heal?y4 #a4 ,composition ( ! ,bones4--,our bones1 l ! re/ ( our bodies1 are made ( :at we eat4 ,if our food does n conta9 en\gh ( ! sub/ances :i* are ne$$ to make heal?y bone1 ! bones w become unheal?y4 ,!y may be too s(t & become b5t or o!rwise mis%ap54 ,?is is "o ( ! reasons :y bread made f ! :ole gra9 is s mu* m heal?ful ?an t made f v f9e :ite fl\r4 ,9 mak+ f9e :ite fl\r ! mill] takes out ! v be/ "p ( ! gra91 j :at is ne$$ to make /rong & heal?y bones4 ,oatmeal is a v good food = mak+ heal?y bones4 #b4 ,bones ( ,*ildr54--,sometimes little *ildr5 try to walk be=e ! bones h become h>d en\gh to support ! weight ( ! body4 ,?is causes ! legs to become crook$4 ,9 "s c\ntries "y *ildr5 "w 9 factories & at v>i\s trades4 ,?is is wrong1 because x dw>fs _! gr[?1 & makes !m puny & sickly4 #c4 ,improp] ,positions4--,! bones are s s(t & flexible :5 we are "y t !y are v easily b5t out ( %ape if we all[ ourselves to take improp] positions 9 sitt+1 ly+1 or /&+4 ,?is is ! way 9 :i* flat & holl[ *e/s1 unev5 %\ld]s1 curv$ sp9es1 & _m o!r de=mities are caus$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,improp] ,,position4 #d4 ,9 sitt+1 /&+1 & walk+1 we %\ld always take c>e to keep ! %\ld]s well back & ! *e/ well exp&$1 s t we may n gr[ mis%ap5 & de=m$4 ,_m boys & girls h ugly curves 9 _! backbones :i* h be5 caus$ by sitt+ at high desks ) "o elb[ on ! desk1 ?us rais+ ! %\ld] ( t side s high t ! sp9e becomes crook$4 ,! illu/rations on ?is & ! foll[+ page %[ good & bad positions & also ! effects ( bad positions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prop] ,,position4 #e4 ,seats & ,desks4--,! seats & desks ( s*ool-*ildr5 %\ld be ( prop] height4 ,! seats %\ld be l[ en\gh to all[ ! feet to re/ easily ^u ! floor1 b n too l[4 ,! desk %\ld be ( su* a height t1 9 writ+1 "o %\ld] w n be rais$ above ! o!r4 ,if a "y p]son b5ds ! body =w>d1 he w1 aft] a "t1 become r\nd-%\ld]$ & 8 *e/ w become s flatt5$ t ! lungs _c be well exp&$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,desk ,,too ,,high4 #f4 ,/&+ on "o foot1 sitt+ b5t =w>d :5 read+ or at "w1 sleep+ ) ! head rais$ high ^u a ?ick pill[ or bol/]1 are ways 9 :i* "y p]sons (t5 gr[ out ( %ape4 ,illu/ration3 ,,seat ,,too ,,high4 #g4 ,! ,clo?+4--,we>+ ! clo?+ tight ab\t ! wai/ (t5 produces s]i\s de=mities ( ! bones ( ! trunk1 & makes ! *e/ s small t ! lungs h n room to act prop]ly4 ,tight or high-heel$ %oes also (t5 de=m & injure ! feet & make ! gait /iff & awkw>d4 #h4 ,brok5 ,bones4--,by r\gh play or by accid5t ! bones may be brok5 9 two j z y might break a /ick4 ,if ! brok5 p>ts are plac$ "r1 ,nature w cem5t !m toge!r & make ! bone /rong aga92 b sometimes ! bones d n unite1 & sometimes !y gr[ toge!r out ( prop] %ape1 s t p]man5t injury is done4 #i4 ,spra9s4--,9 a simil> mann] ! ligam5ts :i* hold ! bones toge!r1 9 a jo9t1 are sometimes torn or ov]-/ret*$4 ,su* an accid5t is call$ a spra94 ,a spra9 is a v pa9ful accid5t1 & a jo9t injur$ 9 ?is way ne$s to re/ q a long "t s t ! torn ligam5ts may gr[ toge!r4 #aj4 ,bones out ( ,jo9t4--,sometimes ! ligam5ts are torn s badly t ! ends ( ! bones are displac$1 & !n we say !y are put out ( jo9t4 ,?is is a v bad accid5t inde$1 b x (t5 happ5s to boys :ile wre/l+ or play+ at o!r r\gh games4 #aa4 ,*ildr5 sometimes h a trick ( pull+ ! f+]s to cause ! knuckles to crack4 ,?is is a v fooli% & h>mful practice4 ,x weak5s ! jo9ts & causes !m to gr[ l>ge & unsightly4 #ab4 ,:5 a man uses alcohol & tobacco1 _! effects ^u ! bones are n s app>5t z are ! effects ^u ! blood1 ! n]ves1 & o!r organs2 b :5 ! poison\s drugs are us$ by a gr[+ boy1 _! damag+ influ5ce is v pla9ly se54 ,a boy :o smokes cig>s or cig>ettes1 or :o uses /rong alcoholic liquors1 is likely to be s /unt$ t ev5 8 bones w n gr[ ( a prop] l5g? & he w become dw>f$ or de=m$4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,to keep ! bones heal?y !y mu/ h pl5ty ( heal?ful food4 #b4 ,! :ole-gra9 prep>ations furni% ! be/ food = ! bones4 #c4 ,walk+ at too e>ly an age (t5 makes ! legs crook$4 #d4 ,h>d "w at too e>ly an age /unts ! gr[?4 #e4 ,bad positions & tight or poorly-fitt+ clo?+ are common causes ( flat *e/s1 r\nd %\ld]s1 & o!r de=mities4 #f4 ,tight or high-heel$ %oes de=m ! feet & make ! gait awkw>d4 #g4 ,! bones may be easily brok5 or put out ( jo9t1 or ! ligam5ts may be torn by r\gh play4 #h4 ,alcohol prev5ts heal?y gr[?4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,! ,,muscles ,,& ,,h[ ,,we ,,use ,,!m4 #a4 ,! ,muscles4--,:]e d p obta9 ! beef/eak & ! mutton-*ops :i* !y eat = breakfa/8 ,f ! but*]1 y w say2 & ! but*] gets !m f ! %eep & cattle :i* he kills4 ,if y w clasp y\r arm y w notice t ! bones are cov]$ by a s(t sub/ance1 ! fle%4 ,:5 ! sk9 ( an animal has be5 tak5 (f1 we c see t "s ( ! fle% is :ite or yell[ & "s ( x is r$4 ,! :ite or yell[ fle% is fat4 ,! r$ fle% is lean meat1 & x is compos$ ( muscles4 #b4 ,! ,numb] ( ,muscles4--,we h ab\t five hundr$ diff]5t muscles 9 ! body4 ,!y are arrang$ 9 su* a way z to cov] ! bones & make ! body r\nd & beautiful4 ,!y are ( diff]5t =ms & sizes4 #c4 ,) a v few exceptions ! muscles are arrang$ 9 pairs2 t is1 we h two alike ( ea* =m & size1 "o = ea* side ( ! body4 #d4 ,h[ a ,muscle is ,=m$4--,if y w exam9e a piece ( corn$ or salt$ beef :i* has be5 well boil$1 y w notice t x seems to be made up ( bundles ( small fibres or ?reads ( fle%4 ,) a little c>e y c pick "o ( ! small fibres into f9e ?reads4 ,n[1 if y look at "o ( ^! "u a microscope y f9d t x is made ( /ill f9] fibres1 :i* are mu* small] ?an ! ?reads ( a spid]'s web4 ,"o ( ^! smalle/ ?reads is call$ a muscul> fibre4 ,_m ?\s&s ( muscul> fibres are requir$ to make a muscle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,muscul> ,,fibres4 #e4 ,mo/ ( ! muscles are made fa/ to ! bones4 ,g5]ally1 "o end is atta*$ to "o bone1 & ! o!r to ano!r bone4 ,sometimes "o end is made fa/ to a bone & ! o!r to ! sk9 or to o!r muscles4 #f4 ,! ,t5dons4--,_m ( ! muscles are n jo9$ to ! bones directly1 b are made fa/ to !m by means ( firm cords call$ t5dons4 ,if y w place ! ?umb ( y\r left h& ^u ! wri/ ( ! "r h&1 & !n "w ! f+]s ( ! "r h&1 y may feel ^! cords mov+ und]nea? ! sk94 #g4 ,:at ! ,muscles ,d4--,) ! left h& grasp ! "r arm j 9 front ( ! elb[4 ,n[ %ut ! "r h& tightly4 ,n[ op5 x4 ,repeat sev]al times4 ,! left h& feels some?+ mov+ 9 ! fle%4 ,! motion is caus$ by ! work+ ( ! muscles1 :i* %ort5 & h>d5 :5 !y act4 #h4 ,all ! movem5ts ( ! body are made by means ( muscles4 ,:5 we move our h&s1 ev5 :5 we close ! m\? or ! eyes1 or make a wry face1 we use ! muscles4 ,we c\ld n speak1 laugh1 s+1 or brea! )\t muscles4 #i4 ,self-act+ ,muscles4--,did y ev] h a fit ( sneez+ or hicc\gh+8 ,if y ev] did1 v likely y tri$ h>d to /op b c\ld n4 ,d y "k :y "o _c always /op sneez+ or hicc\gh+ :5 he desires to d s8 ,x is because !re are c]ta9 muscles 9 ! body :i* d n act simply :5 we wi% !m to act1 b :5 x is necess>y t !y %\ld4 ,! muscles :i* act :5 we sneeze or hicc\gh are ( ?is k9d4 ,! arm & ! h& d n act unless we wi% !m to d s4 ,suppose x 7 ! same ) ! he>t4 ,we %\ld h to /ay awake all ! :ile to keep x go+1 because x w\ld n act :5 we 7 asleep4 ,! same is true ( our brea?+4 ,we brea! :5 we are asleep z well z :5 we are awake1 because ! brea?+ muscles "w ev5 :5 we d n ?9k ab\t !m4 #aj4 ,! /oma*1 ! inte/9es1 ! blood-vessels1 & _m o!r organs )9 ! body h ?is k9d ( muscles4 ,! "w ( ^! self-act+ muscles is v wond]ful inde$4 ,)\t x we c\ld n live a mom5t4 ,?is k %\ld lead u to consid] h[ dep5d5t we are1 ea* mom5t ( our lives1 ^u ! delicate ma*9]y by :i* ! mo/ important "w ( our bodies is p]=m$1 & h[ p>ticul> we %\ld be to keep x 9 good ord] by tak+ prop] c>e ( ourselves4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,! fle%1 or lean meat1 is compos$ ( muscles4 #b4 ,!re are five hundr$ muscles 9 ! body4 #c4 ,muscles are compos$ ( _m small ?reads call$ muscul> fibres4 #d4 ,_m ( ! muscles are jo9$ to ! bones by /rong :ite cords call$ t5dons4 #e4 ,muscul> fibres c contract s z to less5 _! l5g?4 ,x is 9 ?is way t ! muscles p]=m _! "w4 #f4 ,all bodily motions are due to ! action ( ! muscles4 #g4 ,mo/ ( ! muscles act only :5 we wi% !m to d s4 ,"s muscles1 h[ev]1 act :5 x is necess>y = !m to d s1 :e!r we w t !y %\ld act or n1 & :5 we are asleep z well z :5 we are awake4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,muscles ,,heal?y4 #a4 ,h[ to ,make ! ,muscles ,/rong4--,) :i* h& c y lift ! m8 ) ! "r h& or ) ! left8 ,:y d y ?9k y c lift m ) ! "r h& ?an ) ! left8 ,a blacksmi? sw+s a heavy hamm] ) 8 "r arm1 & t arm becomes v l>ge & /rong4 ,if we wi% our muscles to gr[ l>ge & /rong1 s t our bodies w be heal?y & vigor\s1 we mu/ take pl5ty ( ex]cise4 #b4 ,effects ( ,idl5ess4--,if a boy %\ld c>ry "o h& 9 8 pocket all ! "t1 & use only ! o!r h& & arm1 ! idle arm w\ld become small & weak1 :ile ! o!r w\ld gr[ l>ge & /rong4 ,any "p ( ! body :i* is n us$ w aft] a "t become weak4 ,little boys & girls :o d n take pl5ty ( ex]cise are likely to be pale & puny4 ,x is important t we %\ld take ! prop] am\nt ( ex]cise e day1 j z we take our food & dr9k e day4 #c4 ,heal?ful ,ex]cise4--,"s k9ds ( play1 & almo/ all k9ds ( "w :i* *ildr5 h to d1 are good ways ( tak+ ex]cise4 ,a v good k9d ( ex]cise = little boys & girls is t f\nd 9 runn+ err&s or do+ *ores ab\t ! h\se4 #d4 ,food & ,/r5g?4--,a great "p ( our food goes to n\ri% ! muscles4 ,"s foods make u /rong1 :ile o!rs d n4 ,pla9 foods1 su* z bread1 meat1 potatoes1 & milk1 are good = ! muscles2 b cakes & pies1 & ?+s :i* are n food1 su* z mu/>d1 pepp]1 & spices1 d n give u /r5g?1 & are likely to d u h>m4 #e4 ,ov]-,ex]tion4--,we ought n to ex]t ourselves too mu* 9 lift+ heavy weights1 or try+ to d ?+s :i* are too h>d = u4 ,sometimes ! muscles are p]man5tly injur$ 9 ?is way4 #f4 ,! ,clo?+4--,we ought n to we> our clo?+ s tight z to press h>d ^u any "p ( ! body4 ,if we d1 x w cause ! muscles ( t "p to become weak4 ,if ! clo?+ is worn tight ab\t ! wai/1 great mis*ief is (t5 done4 ,! lungs _c exp& prop]ly1 ! /oma* & liv] are press$ out ( %ape1 & ! int]nal organs are cr[d$ out ( _! prop] places4 #g4 ,tight ,%oes4--,p are (t5 made v lame f we>+ tight %oes4 ,_! muscles _c act prop]ly1 & _! feet gr[ out ( %ape4 #h4 ,9 ,*9a1 x is fa%ionable = ri* ladies to h small feet1 & !y tie !m up 9 clo?s s t !y _c gr[4 ,! foot is squeez$ out ( %ape4 ,"h is a picture ( a foot :i* has be5 treat$ 9 ?is way4 ,x does n look mu* l a human foot1 does x8 ,a woman :o has su* feet f9ds x s difficult to walk t %e has to be c>ri$ ab\t mu* ( ! "t4 ,d y n ?9k x is v wrong & fooli% to treat ! feet s badly8 ,y w say1 ,yes2 b ! ,*9ese woman ?9ks x is a great deal worse to lace ! clo?+ tight ab\t ! body s z to make ! wai/ small4 ,illu/ration3 ,,foot ,,( ,,*9ese ,,woman4 #i4 ,effects ( ,alcohol ^u ! ,muscles4--,:5 an intemp]ate man takes a glass ( /rong dr9k1 x makes him feel /rong2 b :5 he tries to lift1 or to d any k9d ( h>d "w1 he _c lift s mu* nor "w s h>d z he c\ld h done )\t ! liquor4 ,?is is because alcohol poisons ! muscles & makes !m weak4 #aj4 ,effects ( ,drunk5ness4--,:5 a man has become addict$ to /rong dr9k1 8 muscles become p>tly p>alyz$1 s t he _c walk z /eadily or speak z readily or z cle>ly z be=e4 ,8 f+]s are clumsy1 & 8 movem5ts unc]ta94 ,if he is an arti/ or a jewell]1 he _c d z f9e "w z :5 he is sob]4 ,:5 a man gets v drunk1 he is = a "t completely p>alyz$1 s t he _c walk or move1 & seems almo/ l a dead man4 #aa4 ,if y _h a good horse t _h c>ri$ y a long way 9 a c>riage1 & y want$ to travel f>!r1 :at w\ld y d if ! horse 7 s tir$ t he kept /opp+ 9 ! road8 ,w\ld y let him re/ & give him "s wat] to dr9k & "s nice hay & oats to eat1 or w\ld y /rike him h>d ) a :ip to make him g fa/]8 ,if y %\ld :ip him he w\ld act z ?\gh he 7 n tir$ at all1 b d y ?9k ! :ip w\ld make him /rong1 z re/ & hay & oats w\ld8 #ab4 ,:5 a tir$ man takes alcohol1 x acts l a :ip2 x makes e "p ( ! body "w fa/] & h>d] ?an x ought to "w1 & ?us wa/es ! man's /r5g? & makes him weak]1 al?\gh = a little :ile 8 n]ves are made /upid1 s t he does n "k t he is tir$ & ought to re/4 #ac4 ,:5 y gr[ up to be m5 & wom5 y w want to h /rong muscles4 ,s y mu/ be c>eful n to give alcohol a *ance to injure !m4 ,if y nev] ta/e x 9 any =m y w be sure to suff] no h>m f x4 #ad4 ,effects ( ,tobacco on ! ,muscles4--,boys :o smoke cig>s or cig>ettes1 or :o *ew tobacco1 are n likely to gr[ up to be /rong & heal?y m54 ,!y d n h plump & rosy *eeks & /rong muscles l o!r boys4 #ae4 ,! evil effect ( tobacco ^u boys is n[ s well kn[n t 9 _m c\ntries & 9 "s /ates ( ?is c\ntry laws h be5 made :i* d n all[ alcohol or tobacco to be sold or giv5 to boys4 ,9 ,switz]l&1 if a boy is f\nd smok+ ^u ! /reets1 he is arre/$ j z ?\gh he _h be5 caught /eal+4 ,& is n ?is really :at a boy does :5 he smokes8 ,he robs 8 con/itution ( its vigor1 & all[s tobacco to /eal away f him ! /r5g? he w ne$ :5 he becomes a man4 #af4 ,tea & ,c(fee4--,/rong tea & c(fee1 :ile by no means s bad z alcohol & tobacco1 may make u weak & sick4 ,a p]son :o dr9ks /rong tea or c(fee feels less tir$ :ile at "w ?an if he _h n tak5 x1 b he is m tir$ aft]w>ds4 ,s y see t tea & c(fee are also :ips1 small :ips we might call !m1 & yet !y really act 9 ! same way z d o!r n>cotics & /imulants4 ,!y make a p]son feel /rong] ?an he really is1 & ?us he is l$ to use m /r5g? ?an he c af=d to d4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,we mu/ use ! muscles to make !m gr[ l>ge & /rong4 #b4 ,ex]cise %\ld be tak5 regul>ly4 #c4 ,ex]cise makes ! muscles /rong1 ! body beautiful1 ! lungs active1 ! he>t vigor\s1 & ! :ole body heal?y4 #d4 ,?+s we ought n to d3 ,to run or play h>d j be=e or aft] eat+2 to /ra9 our muscles by lift+ too heavy weights2 to ex]cise s viol5tly z to get out ( brea?2 to lie1 sit1 /&1 or walk 9 a cramp$ position1 or awkw>d mann]2 to we> ! clo?+ s tight z to press h>d ^u ! muscles4 #e4 ,good food is necess>y to make ! muscles /rong & heal?y4 #f4 ,alcohol makes ! muscles weak1 al?\gh at fir/ x makes u feel /rong]4 #g4 ,a boy :o uses tobacco w n gr[ z /rong & well z "o :o does n4 #h4 ,! use ( /rong tea & c(fee may injure ! muscles4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,h[ ,,we ,,feel ,,& ,,?9k4 #a4 ,h[ we ,?9k4--,) :at "p ( ! body d we ?9k8 ,y w at once say t we ?9k ) ! head2 b we d n ?9k ) ! :ole head4 ,"s p>ts ( ! head we use = o!r purposes1 z ! m\? to eat & speak )1 & ! nose to smell & brea! )4 ,! "p we ?9k ) is inside ( ! skull1 safely plac$ 9 a little room at ! top & back "p ( ! head4 ,d y rememb] ! "n ( ?is organ :i* fills ! holl[ place inside ( ! skull8 ,we le>n$ "s "t ago t x is call$ ! bra94 ,x is ) ! bra9 t we /udy & rememb] & reason4 ,s ! bra9 is "o ( ! mo/ important organs 9 our body1 & we mu/ try to le>n all we c ab\t x4 #b4 ,! ,bra94--,y _c see & exam9e y\r own bra9 because x is %ut up 9 ! skull2 b p]haps y c f9d ! bra9 ( a %eep or a calf at ! meat m>ket4 ,! bra9 ( "o ( ^! animals looks v ne>ly l y\r own4 #c4 ,! ,l>ge ,bra9 & ! ,small ,bra94--,9 exam9+ a bra9 we %\ld notice fir/ ( all t !re are really two bra9s1 a l>ge bra9 & a small bra94 ,! l>ge bra9 is 9 ! top & front ( ! skull1 & ! small "o lies b5ea? ! back "p ( ! l>g] "o1 ,if we look aga9 we %all see t ea* bra9 is divid$ 9 ! middle into a "r & a left half4 ,ea* half is1 9 fact1 a complete bra91 s t we really h two pairs ( bra9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bra94 #d4 ,bra9 ,cells4--,! bra9 is a curi\s organ ( a grayi% color outside & :ite inside4 ,x is s(t1 almo/ l jelly1 & ?is is :y x is plac$ s c>efully 9 a /rong1 bony box4 ,if we %\ld put a little piece ( ! bra9 "u a microscope1 we %\ld f9d t x is made up ( a great numb] ( v small objects call$ n]ve or bra9 cells4 ,9 ! illu/ration y c see "s ( ^! bra9 cells4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bra9 ,,cells4 #e4 ,! ,n]ves4--,ea* cell has "o or m bran*es4 ,"s ( ! bran*es are jo9$ to ! bran*es ( o!r cells s z to unite ! cells toge!r1 j z *ildr5 take hold ( "o ano!r's h&s4 ,o!r bran*es are drawn out v long4 #f4 ,! long bran*es are su* sl5d] ?reads t a great numb] ( !m toge!r w\ld n be z l>ge z a f9e silk ?read4 ,a great _m ( ^! f9e n]ve ?reads are b\nd up 9 little bundles :i* look l :ite cords4 ,^! are call$ n]ves4 #g4 ,! n]ves bran* out f ! bra9 ?r\gh op5+s 9 ! skull1 & g to e "p ( ! body4 ,e little muscle fibre1 ! he>t1 ! /oma*1 ! lungs1 ! liv]1 ev5 ! bones--all h n]ves com+ to !m f ! bra94 ,s y see t ! bra9 is n :olly %ut up 9 ! skull1 because its cells h sl5d] bran*es runn+ into all p>ts ( ! body2 & ?us ! bra9 itself is really 9 e "p ( ! body1 ?\gh we usually speak ( x z be+ entirely 9 ! skull4 #h4 ,! ,sp9al ,cord4--,!re are a numb] ( small holes 9 ! skull ?r\gh :i* ! n]ves pass out1 b mo/ ( ! n]ves are b\nd up 9 "o l>ge bundle & pass out ?r\gh an op5+ at ! back "p ( ! skull & runs d[nw>d ?r\gh a long canal 9 ! backbone4 ,?is bundle ( n]ves =ms ! sp9al cord4 ,! sp9al cord conta9s cells also1 l ^? ( ! bra94 ,x is really a cont9uation ( ! bra9 d[n ?r\gh ! backbone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bra9 ,,& ,,sp9al ,,cord4 #i4 ,n]ves f ! ,sp9al ,cord4--,! sp9al cord gives (f bran*es ( n]ves :i* g to ! arms1 ! *e/1 ! legs1 & o!r p>ts4 ,"o ( ! bran*es :i* goes to ! h& runs along ! back side ( ! arm1 pass+ ov] ! elb[4 ,if we happ5 to /rike ! elb[ aga9/ "s %>p object1 we sometimes hit ?is n]ve4 ,:5 we d s1 ! "u side ( ! arm & ! little f+] feel v numb & /range4 ,?is is :y y call ?is "p ( ! elb[ ! funny or crazy bone4 ,! cells ( ! sp9al cord also s5d out bran*es to ! body & to o!r cells 9 ! bra94 #aj4 ,h[ we ,feel4--,if we cut or burn ourselves we suff] pa94 ,c y tell :y x hurts u to prick ! fle% ) a p91 or to p9* or burn or bruise x8 ,x is because ! fle% conta9s a great _m n]ve-bran*es f ! bra94 ,:5 we hurt ! sk9 or ! fle%1 9 any way1 ^! n]ves are injur$4 ,!re are s _m ( ^! little n]ves 9 ! fle% & sk9 t we _c put ! f9e/ ne$le into ! fle% )\t hurt+ "s ( !m4 #aa4 ,! ,use ( ,pa94--,x is n pleasant = u to h pa91 b if ! n]ves gave u no pa9 :5 we are hurt we might get our limbs burn$ or froz5 & "k no?+ ab\t x until too late to save !m4 #ab4 ,n]ves ( ,feel+4--,we h diff]5t k9ds ( n]ves ( feel+4 ,^? we h le>n$ ab\t feel pa94 ,o!rs feel objects4 ,if y take a m>ble or a p5cil 9 ! h& y "k :at x is by ! feel+ ( ! object4 ,?is k9d ( feel+ is call$ ! s5se ( t\*4 #ac4 ,!re are o!r n]ves ( feel+ by means ( :i* we are able to he>1 see1 ta/e1 & smell1 ( :i* we %all le>n 9 ano!r lesson4 ,besides ^! we h n]ves :i* tell u :e!r objects are cold or hot1 & heavy or light4 ,n]ves ( feel+ also tell u :5 we are hungry1 or ?ir/y1 or tir$1 & :5 we ne$ m air to brea!4 #ad4 ,n]ves ( ,"w4--,!re are o!r n]ves :i* are made j l ! n]ves ( feel+1 b :i* d n feel4 ,^! n]ves h a v diff]5t use4 ,!y come f cells 9 ! bra9 :i* h *>ge ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( "w done 9 ! body1 & !y s5d _! bran*es to ! p>ts :i* d ! "w2 h5ce we call !m n]ves ( "w4 #ae4 ,"o set ( cells s5ds n]ves to ! he>t1 & ^! make x g fa/ or sl[ z is necess>y4 ,ano!r s5ds n]ves to ! liv]1 /oma*1 & o!r dige/ive organs1 & causes !m to d _! "p 9 ! dige/ion ( ! food4 ,o!r cells s5d bran*es to ! muscles & make !m act :5 we wi% !m to d s4 ,?us y see h[ v useful ! bra9 & n]ves are4 ,!y keep all ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body work+ toge!r 9 h>mony1 j l a well-tra9$ army1 or a great numb] ( workm5 build+ a block ( h\ses4 ,)\t ! bra9 & n]ves ! body w\ld be j l an army )\t a comm&]1 or a lot ( workm5 )\t an ov]se]4 #af4 ,h[ we ,use ! ,n]ves4--,if y happ5 to t\* y\r h& to a hot /ove1 :at takes place8 ,y w say t y\r arm pulls ! h& away4 ,d y "k :y8 ,let u see4 ,! n]ves ( feel+ 9 ! h& tell ! n]ve cells 9 ! bra9 f :i* !y come t ! h& is be+ burn$4 ,! cells :i* feel _c d any?+ = ! h&1 b "s ( _! bran*es run ov] to ano!r "p ( ! bra91 :i* s5ds n]ves d[n to ! muscles ( ! arm4 ,^! cells1 ?r\gh _! n]ve bran*es1 cause ! muscles to contract4 ,! cells ( feel+ ask ! cells :i* h *>ge ( ! muscles to make ! muscles ( ! arm pull ! h& away1 :i* !y d v quickly4 #ag4 ,s y see ! n]ves are v mu* l telegraph or telephone wires4 ,by means ( !m ! bra9 f9ds out all ab\t :at is happ5+ 9 ! body1 & s5ds out its ord]s to ! v>i\s organs1 :i* may be call$ its s]vants4 #ah4 ,an ,exp]im5t4--,a man once tri$ an exp]im5t :i* seem$ v cruel4 ,he took a dove & cut op5 its skull & took out its l>ge bra94 ,:at d y ?9k ! effect 08 ,! dove did n die at once1 z y w\ld expect4 ,x liv$ = "s "t1 b x did n "k any?+4 ,x did n "k :5 x 0 hungry1 & w\ld n eat or dr9k unless ! food or wat] 0 plac$ 9 its m\?4 ,if a man gets a bl[ on 8 head1 s h>d z to break 8 skull1 ! l>ge bra9 is (t5 hurt s badly t its cells _c "w1 & s ! man is 9 ! same condition z ! poor dove4 ,he does n "k any?+4 ,he _c ?9k or talk1 & lies z ?\gh he 7 asleep4 #ai4 ,by ^! & _m o!r facts we "k t ! l>ge bra9 is ! "p ) :i* we rememb]1 ?9k1 & reason4 ,x is ! seat ( ! m9d4 ,we g to sleep because ! l>ge bra9 is tir$ & _c "w any long]4 ,we /op ?9k+ :5 we are s\nd asleep1 b sometimes we d n sleep s\ndly1 & !n ! l>ge bra9 works a little & we dream4 #bj4 ,:at ! ,little ,bra9 ,does4--,! little bra9,b ?9ks too1 b x does n d ! same k9d ( ?9k+ z ! l>ge bra94 ,we may use our arms & legs & _m o!r p>ts :5 we wi% to d s2 & if we d n c>e to use !m we may all[ !m to rema9 quiet4 ,?is is n ! case ) "s o!r organs4 ,x is necess>y1 = example1 t ! he>t1 ! lungs1 & _m o!r organs ( ! body %\ld keep at "w all ! "t4 ,if ! l>ge bra9 _h to att5d to all ( ^! diff]5t k9ds ( "w besides ?9k+ ab\t :at we see1 he>1 & read1 & o!r ?+s :i* we d1 x w\ld h too mu* "w to d1 & w\ld n be able to d x all well4 ,besides1 ! l>ge bra9 sometimes falls asleep4 ,s ! l>ge bra9 lets ! little bra9 d ! k9ds ( "w :i* h to be att5d$ to all ! "t1 & ! little bra9 keeps /eadily at "w :5 we are asleep z well z :5 we are awake4 #ba4 ,:at ! ,sp9al ,cord ,does4--,if y tickle a p]son's foot :5 he is asleep1 he w pull x up j z he w\ld if he 7 awake1 only n q s quickly4 ,:at d y suppose makes ! muscles ( ! leg contract :5 ! bra9 is asleep & does n "k t ! foot is be+ tickl$8 ,& "h is ano!r curi\s fact4 ,:5 y 7 com+ to s*ool ?is morn+ y did n h to ?9k ab\t e /ep y took4 ,p]haps y 7 talk+ or look+ ov] y\r lessons2 b y\r legs walk$ "r along all ! "t1 & )\t y\r ?9k+ ab\t !m4 ,c y tell h[8 #bb4 ,x w\ld be too mu* tr\ble = ! l>ge bra9 to /op to ?9k e "t we /ep1 & ! little bra9 has "w en\gh to d 9 tak+ c>e ( ! he>t & lungs & o!r organs1 )\t keep+ wat* ( ! feet :5 we are asleep1 s z to pull !m up if "s mis*iev\s p]son tickles !m4 ,s ,nature puts a few n]ve cells 9 ! sp9al cord :i* c d a c]ta9 easy k9d ( ?9k+4 ,:5 we d ?+s ov] & ov] a great _m times1 ^! cells1 aft] a "t1 le>n to d !m )\t ! help ( ! l>ge bra94 ,?is is ! way a piano-play] becomes s exp]t4 ,he does n h to ?9k all ! "t :]e ea* f+] is to g4 ,aft] ! tunes h be5 play$ a great _m times1 ! sp9al cord kn[s !m s well t x makes ! h&s play !m almo/ )\t any ef=t ( ! l>ge bra94 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,! "p ( ! body ) :i* we ?9k is ! bra94 #b4 ,! bra9 is f\nd fill+ ! holl[ place 9 ! skull4 #c4 ,!re are two bra9s1 ! l>ge bra9 & ! small bra94 #d4 ,ea* bra9 is divid$ into two equal & complete halves1 ?us mak+ two pairs ( bra9s4 #e4 ,! bra9 is l>gely made up ( v small objects call$ n]ve or bra9 cells4 #f4 ,! n]ve cells s5d out v f9e bran*es :i* =m ! n]ves4 #g4 ,! n]ve bran*es or fibres run to e "p ( ! body4 ,!y pass out f ! bra9 to ! re/ ( ! body ?r\gh a numb] ( op5+s 9 ! skull4 #h4 ,mo/ ( ! n]ve bran*es pass out ?r\gh a l>ge op5+ at ! back ( ! skull1 9 "o l>ge bundle call$ ! sp9al cord4 #i4 ,! sp9al cord runs d[n ?r\gh a canal 9 ! backbone1 & all along gives (f bran*es to ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! body4 #aj4 ,x gives u pa9 to prick or hurt ! fle% 9 any way1 because :5 we d s we injure "s ( ! little n]ve bran*es ( ! bra9 cells4 #aa4 ,:5 we suff]1 we really feel a pa9 9 ! bra94 ,we "k ?is because if a n]ve is cut 9 two1 we may hurt ! "p to :i* x goes )\t giv+ any pa94 #ab4 ,we h diff]5t k9ds ( n]ves ( feel+4 #ac4 ,!re are o!r n]ves besides ^? ( feel+4 ,^! are n]ves ( "w4 #ad4 ,! n]ves ( "w h *>ge ( ! he>t1 ! lungs1 ! muscles1 ! liv]1 ! /oma*1 & e "p ( ! body :i* c "w or act4 #ae4 ,! bra9 & n]ves control ! body & make all ! diff]5t p>ts "w toge!r 9 h>mony1 j z a g5]al controls an army4 #af4 ,! bra9 uses ! n]ves v mu* z a man uses ! telephone or telegraph wires4 #ag4 ,) ! l>ge bra9 we rememb]1 ?9k1 & reason4 #ah4 ,! little bra9 does ! simple k9d ( ?9k+1 by means ( :i* ! he>t1 lungs1 & o!r vital organs are kept at "w ev5 :5 we are asleep4 #ai4 ,! sp9al cord does a /ill m simple k9d ( "w4 ,x enables u to walk & to d o!r famili> acts )\t us+ ! l>ge bra9 to ?9k e mom5t j :at we are do+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,bra9 ,,& ,,n]ves ,,heal?y4 #a4 ,uses ( ! ,bra94--,:at d y ?9k a boy or girl w\ld be good = )\t any bra9 or n]ves8 ,su* a boy or girl c\ld n see1 he>1 feel1 talk1 run ab\t1 or play1 & w\ld n "k any m ?an a cabbage or a potato kn[s4 ,if ! bra9 or n]ves are sick1 !y _c "w well1 & s are n wor? z mu* z :5 !y are heal?y4 #b4 ,! ,bra9 ,sympa?izes ) ,o!r ,organs4--,did y ev] h a heada*e8 ,did y feel happy & good-natur$ :5 y\r head a*$ h>d1 & c\ld y /udy & play z well z :5 y are well8 ,x is v important t we %\ld keep our bra9 & n]ves heal?y1 & to d ?is we mu/ take good c>e ( ! /oma* & all o!r organs1 because ! bra9 sympa?izes ) !m :5 !y are sick4 #c4 ,we mu/ h ,pure ,air4--,h[ d y feel :5 ! s*ool-room is too w>m & close8 ,d y n feel dull & sleepy & s /upid t y c h>dly /udy8 ,?is is because ! bra9 ne$s good1 pure blood to enable x to "w well4 ,s we mu/ always be c>eful to h pl5ty ( pure air to brea!4 #d4 ,we %\ld ,ex]cise ! ,bra94--,:at d we d :5 we want to /r5g!n our muscles8 ,we make !m "w h>d e day1 d we n8 ,! ex]cise makes !m gr[ l>ge & /rong4 ,x is j ! same ) our bra9s4 ,if we /udy h>d & le>n our lessons well1 !n our bra9s gr[ /rong1 & /udy becomes easy4 ,b if we only half /udy1 & d n le>n our lessons p]fectly1 !n ! /udy does n d our bra9s v mu* good4 #e4 ,we %\ld ,take ,muscul> ,ex]cise4--,:5 y get tir$ ( /udy1 an h\r's play1 or ex]cise ( "s sort1 re/s y & makes y feel bright]1 s t y c le>n m easily4 ,?is is because ex]cise is necess>y to make ! blood circulate well4 ,x w !n c>ry out ! worn-out p>ticles & supply ! bra9 & n]ves ) fre%1 pure blood4 ,s ! same ex]cise :i* makes our muscles /rong makes our bra9s heal?i] also4 #f4 ,we %\ld be ,c>eful ( our ,diet4--,we ought to eat pl5ty ( good1 simple food1 su* z milk1 fruits1 gra9s1 & vegetables4 ,x is n well = *ildr5 to eat freely ( meat1 z x is v /imulat+ & likely to excite ! bra9 & make ! n]ves irritable4 ,mu/>d1 pepp]1 & all hot sauces & spices h a t5d5cy to injure ! bra9 & n]ves4 #g4 ,we %\ld ,all[ ! ,bra9 to ,re/ at ! ,prop] ,"t4--,:5 we are tir$ & sleepy we _c ?9k well1 & _c rememb] :at we le>n if we try to /udy4 ,if we h pl5ty ( sleep1 free f bad or excit+ dreams1 we awake 9 ! morn+ re/$ & refre%$1 because :ile we h be5 asleep ,nature has put ! bra9 & n]ves 9 good repair = u4 ,we ought n to /ay up late at night4 ,we %\ld n eat late or he>ty supp]s1 z ?is w prev5t our sleep+ well4 #h4 ,we ,ought ,n to ,all[ ,ourselves to ,become ,angry4--,:5 a p]son flies into a passion he does 8 bra9 & n]ves great h>m4 ,x is really dang]\s to get angry4 ,p]sons h dropp$ dead in/antly 9 a fit ( ang]4 #i4 ,we %\ld ,%un ,bad ,habits4--,bad habits are v h>d to give up1 & h5ce we %\ld be c>eful to avoid !m4 ,:5 a *ild le>ns to swe>1 or to use slang phrases1 ! bra9 aft] a :ile w make him swe> or use bad words be=e he ?9ks4 ,9 a simil> mann] o!r bad habits are acquir$4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,a p]son )\t a bra9 or n]ves w\ld be ( no m acc\nt ?an a vegetable4 #b4 ,:5 ! bra9 or n]ves are sick !y _c p]=m _! duties prop]ly4 #c4 ,to keep ! bra9 & n]ves 9 good heal?1 we mu/ take good c>e ( ! /oma* & all o!r important organs ( ! body4 #d4 ,!re are _m ?+s :i* we may d to keep ! bra9 & n]ves /rong & well4 #e4 ,! bra9 ne$s pure blood1 & s we mu/ be c>eful to brea! pure air4 #f4 ,! bra9 gets /r5g? by ex]cise1 j z ! muscles d4 ,h5ce1 /udy is heal?ful1 & makes ! bra9 /rong4 #g4 ,a good memory is v necess>y1 b we %\ld n try to rememb] ev]y?+4 #h4 ,x is v important t we le>n h[ to obs]ve ?+s closely4 #i4 ,ex]cise 9 ! op5 air re/s & cle>s ! bra9 by help+ ! blood to circulate4 #aj4 ,pl5ty ( :olesome & simple food is necess>y to keep ! bra9 & n]ves 9 good heal?4 ,spices1 condim5ts1 & ri* foods 9 g5]al are /imulat+ & h>mful4 #aa4 ,pl5ty ( sleep is ne$$ to re/ ! bra9 & n]ves4 #ab4 ,x is dang]\s z well z wick$ to become v angry4 #ac4 ,we %\ld be c>eful to avoid =m+ bad habits ( any sort1 z !y are h>d to break1 & (t5 adh]e to "o ?r\gh life4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,bad ,,effects ,,( ,,alcohol ,,^u ,,! ,,bra9 ,,& ,,n]ves4 #a4 ,drunk5ness4--,did y ev] see a man :o 0 drunk8 ,if y live 9 a city x is v likely t y h4 ,h[ did ! drunk5 man behave8 ,p]haps he 0 noisy & silly4 ,p]haps he 0 angry & tri$ to pick a qu>rel ) "s "o4 #b4 ,:at made ! man drunk8 ,y say :iskey1 b x may h be5 w9e1 or be]1 or h>d cid] t he drank4 ,any?+ t conta9s alcohol w make a man drunk1 = x is ! alcohol :i* does all ! mis*ief4 #c4 ,! ,:iskey ,flu%4--,y c almo/ always tell :5 a man has be5 dr9k+1 ev5 :5 he has n tak5 en\gh to make him drunk4 ,y "k by 8 flu%$ face & r$ eyes4 ,:5 a man's face blu%es f ! use ( alcohol1 8 :ole body blu%es at ! same "t4 ,8 muscles1 8 lungs1 & 8 liv] blu%2 8 bra9 & sp9al cord blu% also4 #d4 ,:5 a man has tak5 j en\gh alcohol to make 8 face blu% a little1 ! extra am\nt ( blood 9 ! bra9 makes him ?9k & talk m lively1 & he is v jolly & gay4 ,?is makes _m p ?9k t alcohol does !m good4 ,b if we notice :at a man says :5 he is excit$ by alcohol1 we %all f9d t 8 rem>ks are (t5 silly & reckless4 ,he says v unwise & fooli% ?+s1 = :i* he feels sorry :5 he becomes sob]4 #e4 ,alcohol ,p>alyzes4--,h[ does a drunk5 man walk8 ,let u see :y he /agg]s4 ,:5 a man takes a c]ta9 am\nt ( alcohol 8 small bra9 & sp9al cord become p>tly p>alyz$1 s t !y _c d _! duty well2 & s1 :5 he tries to walk he reels & /umbles along1 (t5 fall+ d[n1 & sometimes hurt+ himself v mu*4 ,! fact is t ! alcohol has put 8 sp9al cord & small bra9 to sleep s t he _c make 8 legs d :at he wants !m to d4 ,n[1 if /ill m alcohol is tak5 ! :ole bra9 becomes p>alyz$1 & !n ! man is s ne>ly dead t we say he is dead drunk4 ,x is exce$+ly dang]\s to become dead drunk1 z ! bra9 may be s completely p>alyz$ t x w n recov]4 #f4 ,a small am\nt ( alcohol does n make a man dead drunk1 b x poisons & p>alyzes 8 bra9 & n]ves j accord+ to ! quantity he takes4 #g4 ,if a p]son holds a little alcohol 9 8 m\? = a few mom5ts1 ! tongue & *eeks feel numb4 ,?is is because ! alcohol p>alyzes !m s t !y _c feel or ta/e4 ,:5 tak5 into ! /oma* x has mu* ! same k9d ( effect ^u ! n]ves ( ! :ole body4 #h4 ,alcohol a ,deceiv]4--,a hungry man takes a dr9k ( :iskey & b5umbs ! n]ves ( 8 /oma* s t he does n feel hungry4 ,alcohol puts to sleep ! s5t9els :i* ,nature has set 9 ! body to w>n u ( dang]4 ,a man :o is cold takes alcohol & feels w>m1 ?\gh he is really cold]4 ,he lies d[n 9 8 false com=t & freezes to dea?4 ,a tir$ man takes 8 glass ( grog & feels re/$ & /rong1 ?\gh he is really weak] ?an be=e4 ,a poor man gets drunk & feels s ri* t he sp5ds :at little money he has4 ,! alcohol p>alyzes 8 judgm5t & /eals away 8 good s5se4 ,?us alcohol is always a deceiv]4 #i4 ,delirium ,trem5s4 7,de-lir'-i-um ,tre'-m5s47--,:5 a man takes /rong liquors regul>ly he v soon injures 8 bra9 & n]ves s t !y d n get quiet1 z !y %\ld1 at night1 & he does n sleep well4 ,he has frightful dreams4 ,he sees all sorts ( wild animals & horrid %apes 9 8 dreams4 ,p]haps y h sometimes _h su* dreams f eat+ late supp]s or indige/ible food4 #aj4 ,did y ev] h a dream :5 y 7 awake8 ,if a man dr9ks a great deal he is likely to h a t]rible disease kn[n z delirium trem5s1 9 :i* he sees ! same frightful ?+s :5 he is wide awake t he dreams ab\t :5 he is asleep4 ,?is is "o ( ! t]rible effects ( alcohol ^u ! bra9 & n]ves4 #aa4 ,alcohol ,p>alysis4--,y h se5 h[ a drunk5 man /agg]s :5 he walks4 ,did y ev] see a man :o walk$ j z ?\gh he 7 drunk :5 he 0 really sob]8 ,?is is because a "p ( ! bra9 or sp9al cord has be5 p]man5tly injur$ or p>alyz$4 ,alcohol is n ! only cause ( ?is disease1 & s y mu/ n ?9k e p]son :o /agg]s is or has be5 a drunk>d2 b alcohol is a v frequ5t cause ( p>alysis4 #ab4 ,effects ( ,alcohol ^u ! ,m9d & ,"*4--,:5 a man is "u ! influ5ce ( alcohol is 8 "* good or bad8 ,is a man likely to be good1 or to be bad1 :5 he is drunk or excit$ by dr9k8 ,mo/ m5 behave badly :5 !y are drunk1 & aft] !y h be5 drunk a great _m times !y (t5 behave badly all ! "t4 ,a great _m ( ! m5 :o are %ut up 9 prisons w\ld n h be5 s5t !re if !y _h nev] le>n$ to dr9k4 #ac4 ,a ,legacy4--,d y "k :at a legacy is8 ,if y\r fa!r %\ld die & leave to y a f9e h\se or f>m1 or money 9 ! bank1 or books1 or horses1 or any o!r k9d ( prop]ty to h = y\r own1 x w\ld be a legacy4 ,:5 a p]son gets any?+ 9 ?is way f a p>5t we say t he inh]its x4 #ad4 ,we inh]it a great _m ?+s besides h\ses & l&s & o!r k9ds ( prop]ty4 ,= in/ance1 p]haps y rememb] he>+ "s "o say t y h eyes & hair ! same color z y\r "m's1 & t y\r nose & *9 are l y\r fa!r's4 ,s y h inh]it$ ! color ( y\r hair & eyes f y\r "m & ! %ape ( y\r *9 & nose f y\r fa!r4 #ae4 ,! ,alcohol ,legacy4--,! inside ( a boy's head is j z mu* l 8 p>5ts' z ! outside ( x4 ,9 o!r words1 we inh]it our bra9s j z we d our faces4 ,s1 if a man spoils 8 bra9 ) alcohol & gets an alcohol appetite1 8 *ildr5 w be likely to h unheal?y bra9s & an appetite = alcohol also1 & may become drunk>ds4 ,is n t a dreadful k9d ( legacy to inh]it8 #af4 ,a *ild t has no m9d is call$ an idiot4 ,su* a *ild _c talk1 or read1 or s+1 & does n "k en\gh to take prop] c>e ( itself4 ,?is is "o ( ! bad legacies :i* drunk5 p>5ts sometimes leave to _! *ildr54 #ag4 ,effects ( ,tobacco on ! ,bra9 & ,n]ves4--,! effects ( tobacco ^u ! bra9 & n]ves are mu* ! same z ^? ( alcohol4 ,tobacco1 l alcohol1 is a n>cotic4 ,x b5umbs & p>alyzes ! n]ves1 & x is by ?is means t x obta9s su* an influ5ce ov] ^? :o use x4 #ah4 ,! h& ( a man or boy :o uses tobacco (t5 becomes s un/eady t he c sc>cely write4 ,d y "k :at makes x s un/eady8 ,x is because ! cells :i* s5d n]ves to ! muscles ( ! h& are diseas$4 ,:5 a p]son has a trembl+ h& y say he is n]v\s4 ,if y feel 8 pulse y w f9d t x does n beat /eadily & regul>ly z x ought to d4 ,! he>t is n]v\s & trembles j ! same z ! muscles d4 ,?is %[s t ! tobacco has poison$ ! cells 9 ! bra9 :i* regulate ! he>t4 #ai4 ,wise physicians w tell y t "o reason :y tobacco is bad = boys is t x hurts _! bra9s s t !y _c le>n well1 & d n become z useful & successful m5 z !y might be4 #bj4 ,/ud5ts 9 ! naval & milit>y s*ools ( ?is c\ntry are n all[$ to use tobacco on acc\nt ( its bad effects ^u ! m9d4 ,9 ,france ! use ( tobacco is =bidd5 to all /ud5ts 9 ! public s*ools4 #ba4 ,tobacco ,leads to ,vice4--,boys :o use tobacco are m liable to get into company ) boys :o h o!r bad habits1 & s are apt to become bad 9 _m o!r ways4 ,! use ( tobacco (t5 makes m5 want /rong dr9k1 & ?us leads to drunk5ness4 ,if y wi% to gr[ up ) a /eady h&1 a /rong he>t1 & a good "* y w nev] t\* tobacco4 #bb4 ,effects ( ,tea & ,c(fee on ! ,n]ves4--,p :o use /rong tea & c(fee are (t5 incl9$ to be n]v\s4 ,?is %[s t /rong tea & c(fee1 l alcohol & tobacco1 are v injuri\s to ! n]ves4 #bc4 ,opium1 ,*loral1 etc4--,!re are sev]al drugs :i* are giv5 by physicians to relieve pa9 or to produce sleep4 ,!y are sometimes helpful1 b _! use is v dang]\s4 ,opium & *loral belong to ?is class ( m$ic9es4 ,! dang] is t1 aft] a p]son has us$ ! m$ic9e a little :ile1 he w cont9ue to use x4 ,if a p]son takes a poison\s drug e "t he has a little pa91 he w soon =m ! habit ( us+ x1 & may nev] break x (f4 ,!re are _m ?\s&s ( p :o use opium all ! "t1 & !y are v mu* injur$ by x 9 m9d & body4 ,! m9d becomes dull & /upid & ! body weak & feeble4 ,no m$ic9e ( ?is sort %\ld ev] be tak5 unless prescrib$ by a physician4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,9 ord] to be well & useful we mu/ keep ! bra9 & n]ves heal?y4 #b4 ,to keep ! bra9 heal?y we ne$ pl5ty ( pure air to brea!2 prop] ex]cise ( ! bra9 by /udy2 suffici5t ex]cise ( ! muscles 9 play & "w2 pl5ty ( good food to make pure blood2 a prop] am\nt ( re/ & sleep4 #c4 ,!re are sev]al ?+s we ought n to d4 ,we %\ld n read or /udy too mu*4 ,we %\ld n all[ ourselves to become excit$ or angry4 ,we %\ld avoid le>n+ bad habits4 #d4 ,alcohol p>alyzes ! bra9 & n]ves4 #e4 ,alcohol deceives a p]son :o takes x by mak+ him feel /rong :5 he is weak2 w>m :5 he is cold2 ri* :5 he is poor2 well :5 he is sick4 #f4 ,alcohol makes m5 wick$4 ,mo/ m5 :o commit crimes are m5 :o use liquor4 #g4 ,! effects ( tobacco ^u ! bra9 & n]ves are mu* ! same z ^? ( alcohol4 ,tobacco is v injuri\s to ! m9d4 #h4 ,tobacco-us+ (t5 leads boys to drunk5ness & o!r vices4 #i4 ,! use ( opium & *loral produces ev5 worse effects ?an ! use ( alcohol or tobacco4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,h[ ,,we ,,he>1 ,,see1 ,,smell1 ,,ta/e1 ,,& ,,feel4 #a4 ,! ,s5ses4--,we h five s5ses--he>+1 see+1 smell+1 ta/+1 & feel+4 ,^! are call$ special s5ses because !y are v diff]5t f ea* o!r4 ,!y also diff] f ! g5]al s5se ( feel+ by means ( :i* we feel pa9 :5 any "p is hurt4 #b4 ,organs ( ! ,special ,s5ses4--,ea* ( ! special s5ses has a special set ( n]ves & also special cells 9 ! bra9 :i* h *>ge ( !m4 ,we say t we see ) our eyes1 he> ) our e>s1 feel ) our f+]s1 etc42 b1 really1 we see1 he>1 ta/e1 & smell 9 ! bra9 j z we feel 9 ! bra94 ,! eyes1 e>s1 nose1 & o!r organs ( ! special s5ses are ! in/rum5ts by means ( :i* ! bra9 sees1 he>s1 smells1 etc4 #c4 ,s\nd & ! ,vibrations :i* x ,causes4--,all s\nds are made by j>s or vibrations ( objects4 ,s\nds cause objects to vibrate or tremble4 ,a l\d s\nd sometimes j>s a :ole h\se1 :ile o!r s\nds are s g5tle & s(t t we _c feel !m 9 ! same way t we feel l\d s\nds4 ,b ,nature has made = u an +5i\s organ by means ( :i* we c feel ^! v f9e vibrations z well z l\d ones4 ,we call ?is organ ! e>4 #d4 ,! ,e>4--,! "p ( ! e> :i* we c see is %ap$ some:at l a trumpet4 ,! small op5+ ne> ! middle ( ! e> leads into a canal or tube :i* ext5ds into ! head ab\t an in*4 ,at ! inn] end !re is a curi\s little *amb]4 ,?is is call$ ! drum ( ! e>1 because betwe5 x & ! canal ( ! e> !re is /ret*$ a ?9 membrane l ! head ( a drum4 ,! e>-drum is also call$ ! middle e>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,e>4 #e4 ,bones ( ! ,e>4--,)9 ! drum ( ! e> !re are ?ree curi\s little bones :i* are jo9$ toge!r s z to make a complete *a91 rea*+ f ! drum-head to ! o!r side ( ! drum4 ,! la/ bone fits into a little hole :i* leads into ano!r curi\s *amb]4 ,?is *amb]1 :i* is call$ ! inn] e>1 is fill$ ) fluid1 & 9 ?is fluid ! n]ve ( he>+ is spread out4 ,a "p ( ! inn] e> looks v mu* l a snail %ell4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,inside ,,( ,,! ,,e>4 #f4 ,h[ we ,he>4--,scrat* ) a p9 ^u "o end ( a long wood5 pole4 ,h "s "o li/5 ) ! e> plac$ close aga9/ ! o!r end ( ! pole4 ,he w tell y t he he>s ! scrat*+ ( ! p9 v pla9ly4 ,?is is because ! scrat*+ j>s ! e> & especially ! drum-head1 :i* vibrates j z ! head ( a drum does :5 x is beat5 ) a drum-/ick4 ,:5 ! drum-head vibrates x moves ! bones ( ! e>1 & ^! c>ry ! vibration to ! n]ves ( he>+ 9 ! inn] *amb]4 ,we he> all s\nds 9 ! same way1 only mo/ s\nds come to ! e> ?r\gh ! air4 ,! snail-%ell ( ! inn] "p ( ! e> he>s musical s\nds4 ,! re/ ( ! inn] e> he>s ord9>y s\nds or noises4 #g4 ,h[ to ,keep ! ,e>s ,heal?y4--,! e>s are v delicate organs & mu/ be c>efully treat$4 ,! foll[+ ?+s ab\t ! c>e ( ! e>s %\ld nev] be =gott53 7#a47 ,nev] use a p91 too?pick1 or any o!r %>p in/rum5t to clean out ! e>4 ,!re is great dang] t ! drum-head w be torn1 & ?us ! he>+ w be injur$4 ,nei!r is x ev] necess>y to use an e>-spoon to remove ! wax4 ,work+ at ! e> causes m wax to =m4 7#b47 ,d n all[ cold wat] to ent] ! e> or a cold w9d to bl[ directly into x4 7#c47 ,if any?+ accid5tally gets into ! e>1 d n "w at x1 b hold ! head ov] to "o side :ile wat] is made to run 9 f a syr+e4 ,if an insect has gone into ! e>1 p\r 9 a little oil4 ,?is w kill ! insect or make x come out4 7#d47 ,nev] %\t into ano!r p]son's e>4 ,! e> may be greatly injur$ 9 ?is way4 7#e47 ,box+ or pull+ ! e>s is likely to produce deafness1 & ought nev] to be done4 #h4 ,! ,eye4--,! eye is "o ( ! mo/ wond]ful organs 9 ! :ole body4 ,x enables u to "k :at is go+ on at "s di/ance f u1 & to enjoy _m beautiful ?+s :i* our s5se ( he>+ & o!r s5ses c tell u no?+ ab\t4 ,x also enables u to read4 ,let u le>n h[ ?is wond]ful organ is made4 #i4 ,! ,eyeball4--,look+ at ! eye1 we see fir/ a r\nd "p :i* rolls 9 diff]5t directions4 ,?is is ! eyeball4 ,we see only ! front side ( ! eyeball z x fits into a holl[ 9 ! skull4 ,be+ ?us 9 a safe place1 x is n likely to get hurt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,eye4 ,! eyeball is mo/ly fill$ ) a cle> sub/ance v mu* l jelly4 ,x is s cle> t ! light c %9e ?r\gh x j z easily z x c %9e ?r\gh wat]4 #aj4 ,! ,pupil4--,if y look %>ply at ! eyeball y w see a small black hole j 9 ! c5tre4 ,?is is a little w9d[ :i* lets ! light into ! inside ( ! eyeball4 ,we call ?is ! pupil4 ,j ar\nd ! pupil is a color$ r+ :i* gives ! eye its color4 ,we say a p]son has blue or br[n or gray eyes accord+ z ?is r+ is blue or br[n or gray4 ,?is color$ r+ is a k9d ( curta9 = ! w9d[ ( ! eye4 #aa4 ,if y obs]ve ! pupil closely1 y w see t x is sometimes l>g] & sometimes small]4 ,if y look at ! light ! pupil is small2 if y turn away f ! light ! pupil gr[s l>g] at once4 ,?is is because ! curta9 closes :5 9 a bright light & op5s 9 ! d>kness4 ,x does ?is ( itself )\t our ?9k+ ab\t x4 ,9 ?is way ! eye is protect$ f too /rong a light1 :i* w\ld d x great h>m4 #ab4 ,if y look a little sidewise at ! eyeball1 y w see t ! curta9 has some?+ 9 front ( x :i* is cle> z glass4 ,x is ab\t ! %ape ( a wat* cry/al1 only v mu* small]4 ,?is is to ! eye :at ! glass is to ! w9d[s ( a h\se4 ,x closes ! op5+ 9 ! front ( ! eyeball & yet lets ! light %9e 94 #ac4 ,! ,:ite ( ! ,eye4--,! :ite ( ! eye is a t\gh1 firm membrane :i* encloses ! eyeball & keeps x 9 a r\nd %ape4 #ad4 ,! ,l5s4--,d y "k :at a l5s is8 ,p]haps y d n "k x by ?is "n1 b y are famili> ) ! spectacles :i* p sometimes we> to help _! eyes4 ,! glasses 9 ! spectacle frames are call$ l5ses4 ,well1 !re is some?+ 9 ! eye almo/ exactly l "o ( ^! l5ses1 only small]4 ,x is also call$ a l5s4 ,if "s "o w get ! eye ( an ox = y1 y c cut x op5 & f9d ?is "p4 ,! l5s is plac$ 9 ! eyeball j beh9d ! pupil4 7,see picture47 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,inside ,,( ,,! ,,eye4 #ae4 ,! ,n]ves ( ,sight4--,b a p]son might h an eyeball ) all ! p>ts we h le>n$ ab\t & yet n be able to see4 ,c y tell :at m is ne$$8 ,!re mu/ be a n]ve4 ,?is n]ve comes f "s little n]ve cells 9 ! bra9 & ent]s ! eyeball at ! back ( ! eye2 !re x is spread out on ! inside ( ! black l9+ ( ! :ite ( ! eye4 #af4 ,! ,eyelids4--,n[ we "k all t x is necess>y = u to le>n ab\t ! eyeball1 s let u notice "s o!r p>ts ab\t ! eye4 ,fir/ !re are ! eyelids4 ,!y are little folds ( sk9 fr+$ ) hairs1 :i* we c %ut up s z to cov] ! eyeball & keep out ! light :5 we want to sleep or :5 we are 9 dang] ( gett+ du/ or smoke into ! eye4 ,! hairs plac$ along ! edge ( ! lids help to keep ! du/ out :5 ! eyes are op54 #ag4 ,! ,eyebr[s4--,! r[ ( hairs plac$ above ! eye is call$ ! eyebr[4 ,l ! eyelids1 ! eyebr[s cat* "s sub/ances :i* might fall into ! eye1 & !y also s]ve to turn (f ! p]spiration & keep x out ( ! eyes4 #ah4 ,! ,te> ,gl&4--,d y "k :]e ! te>s come f8 ,!re is a little gl& snugly plac$ away 9 ! socket ( ! eye j above ! eyeball1 :i* makes te>s 9 ! same way t ! saliv>y gl&s make saliva4 ,x is call$ ! te> gl&4 ,! gl& usually makes j en\gh te>s to keep ! eye moi/4 ,!re are times :5 x makes m ?an en\gh1 z :5 some?+ gets into ! eye1 or :5 we suff] pa9 or feel unhappy4 ,!n ! te>s are c>ri$ (f by means ( a little tube :i* runs d[n into ! nose f ! inn] corn] ( ! eye4 ,:5 ! te>s are =m$ s fa/ t !y _c all get away ?r\gh ?is tube1 !y pass ov] ! edge ( ! l[] eyelid & fl[ d[n ! *eek4 #ai4 ,muscles ( ! ,eyes4--,by means ( little muscles :i* are fa/5$ to ! eyeball1 we are able to turn ! eye 9 almo/ e direction4 #bj4 ,h[ we ,see4--,n[ we want to "k h[ we see ) ! eye4 ,?is is n v easy to und]/&1 b we c le>n some?+ ab\t x4 ,let u make a little exp]im5t4 ,"h is a glass l5s4 ,if we hold x be=e a w9d[ & place a piece ( smoo? :ite pap] beh9d x1 we c see a picture ( ! h\ses & trees & f5ces1 & o!r ?+s out-(-doors4 ,! picture made by ! l5s looks exactly l ! view out-(-doors1 except t x is upside d[n4 ,?is is "o ( ! curi\s ?+s t a l5s does4 ,! l5s ( ! eye acts j l a glass l5s4 ,x makes a picture ( ev]y?+ we see1 ^u ! ends ( ! n]ves ( sight :i* are spread out at ! back ( ! eyeball4 ,! n]ves ( sight tell _! n]ves 9 ! bra9 ab\t ! picture1 j z ! n]ves ( feel+ tell _! cells :5 !y are t\*$ ) a p92 & ?is is h[ we see4 #ba4 ,did y ev] look ?r\gh a spyglass or an op]a-glass8 ,if s1 y "k y mu/ make ! tube long] or %ort] accord+ z y look at ?+s ne> by or f> away4 ,! eye also has to be *ang$ a little :5 we look f ne> to di/ant objects4 ,look out ( ! w9d[ at a tree a long way (f4 ,n[ place a lead p5cil betwe5 ! eyes & ! tree4 ,y c sc>cely see ! p5cil :ile y look %>ply at ! tree1 & if y look at ! p5cil y _c see ! tree di/9ctly4 #bb4 ,!re is a little muscle 9 ! eye :i* makes ! *ange ne$$ to enable u to see objects close by z well z ^? :i* are f>!r away4 ,:5 p gr[ old ! little muscles _c d ?is s well1 & h5ce old p h to put on glasses to see objects ne> by1 z 9 read+4 ,*ildr5 %\ld n try to we> old p]sons' glasses1 z ?is is likely to injure _! eyes4 #bc4 ,h[ to ,keep ! ,eyes ,heal?y4--7#a47 ,nev] cont9ue ! use ( ! eyes at f9e "w1 su* z read+ or fancy-"w1 aft] !y h become v tir$4 7#b47 ,d n try to read or to use ! eyes ) a poor light--9 ! twilight1 = in/ance1 be=e ! gas or lamps are light$4 7#c47 ,9 read+ or /udy+1 d n sit ) ! light f ei!r a lamp or a w9d[ %9+ directly ^u ! face4 ,h ! light come f beh9d & %9e ov] ! left %\ld] if possible4 7#d47 ,nev] expose ! eyes to a sudd51 bright light by look+ at ! sun or at a lamp on fir/ awak+ 9 ! morn+1 or by pass+ quickly f a d>k room into a light$ "o4 7#e47 ,d n read :5 ly+ d[n1 or :5 rid+ on a /reet c> or railway tra94 7#f47 ,if any object gets into ! eye h x remov$ z soon z possible4 7#g47 ,a great _m p]sons hurt _! eyes by us+ v>i\s k9ds ( eye-wa%es4 ,nev] use any?+ ( ?is k9d unless told to d s by a good physician4 #bd4 ,h[ we ,smell4--,if we wi% to smell any?+ v /rongly1 we sniff or sudd5ly draw ! air up ?r\gh ! nose4 ,we d ?is to br+ m air to ! n]ves ( smell1 :i* are plac$ at ! upp] "p ( ! inside ( ! nose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inside ,,( ,,! ,,nose4 #be4 ,smell+ is a sort ( feel+4 ,! n]ves ( smell are s s5sitive t !y c discov] ?+s 9 ! air :i* we _c ta/e or see4 ,an ,indian uses 8 s5se ( smell to tell him :e!r ?+s are good to eat or n4 ,he kn[s t ?+s :i* h a pleasant smell are likely to be good = him & n likely to make him sick4 ,we d n make s mu* use ( ! s5se ( smell z d ! savages & _m l[] animals1 & h5ce we are n able to smell s acutely4 ,_m p]sons lose ! s5se ( smell altoge!r1 f neglect+ colds 9 ! head4 #bf4 ,h[ we ,ta/e4--,! tongue & ! palate h v delicate n]ves by means ( :i* we ta/e4 ,we _c ta/e ) ! :ole ( ! tongue4 ,! v tip ( ! tongue has only n]ves ( t\* or feel+4 #bg4 ,! use ( ! s5se ( ta/e is to give u pleasure & to tell u :e!r diff]5t sub/ances are heal?ful or injuri\s4 ,?+s :i* are poison\s & likely to make u sick almo/ always h an unpleasant ta/e z well z an unpleasant odor4 ,?+s :i* h a pleasant ta/e are usually h>mless4 #bh4 ,bad ,ta/es4--,p sometimes le>n to l ?+s :i* h a v unpleasant ta/e4 ,pepp]1 mu/>d1 pepp]-sauce1 & o!r hot sauces1 alcohol1 & tobacco are h>mful sub/ances ( ?is sort4 ,:5 us$ freely !y injure ! s5se ( ta/e s t x _c detect & enjoy f9e & delicate flavors4 ,^! sub/ances1 z we h else:]e le>n$1 also d ! /oma* h>m & injure ! n]ves & o!r p>ts ( ! body4 #bi4 ,! ,s5se ( ,t\*4--,if y put y\r h& ^u an object y c tell :e!r x is h>d or s(t1 smoo? or r\gh1 & c le>n :e!r x is r\nd or squ>e1 or ( "s o!r %ape4 ,y are able to d ?is by means ( ! n]ves ( t\*1 :i* are f\nd 9 ! sk9 9 all p>ts ( ! body4 ,if y wi%$ to "k h[ an object feels1 w\ld y t\* x ) ! elb[1 or ! knee1 or ! *eek8 ,y w say1 ,no4 ,y w\ld feel ( x ) ! h&1 & w\ld t\* x ) ! ends ( ! f+]s4 ,y c feel objects bett] ) ! ends ( ! f+]s because !re are m n]ves ( t\* 9 ! "p ( ! sk9 cov]+ ! ends ( ! f+]s ?an 9 mo/ o!r p>ts ( ! body4 #cj4 ,! s5se ( t\* is m delicate 9 ! tip ( ! tongue ?an 9 any o!r "p4 ,?is is because x is necess>y to use ! s5se ( t\* 9 ! tongue to assi/ ! s5se ( ta/e 9 f9d+ out :e!r ?+s are good to eat or n4 ,! s5se ( t\* is also v useful to u 9 _m o!r ways4 ,we h>dly "k h[ useful x really is until we are depriv$ ( "s ( our o!r s5ses1 z sight or he>+4 ,9 a bl9d man ! s5se ( t\* (t5 becomes surpris+ly acute4 #ca4 ,effects ( ,alcohol & ,tobacco on ! ,special ,s5ses4--,all ! special s5ses--he>+1 see+1 smell+1 ta/+1 feel+--dep5d ^u ! bra9 & n]ves4 ,:atev] does h>m to ! bra9 & n]ves mu/ injure ! special s5ses also4 ,we h le>n$ h[ alcohol & tobacco1 & all o!r n>cotics & /imulants1 injure & sometimes de/roy ! bra9 cells & _! n]ve bran*es1 & s we c und]/& t a p]son :o uses ^! poison\s sub/ances w1 by s do+1 injure ! delicate organs ) :i* he he>s1 sees1 smells1 etc4 #cb4 ,p]sons :o use tobacco & /rong dr9k sometimes become bl9d1 because ^! poisons injure ! n]ves ( sight4 ,! e>s are frequ5tly injur$ by ! use ( tobacco4 ,smok+ cig>ettes & snuff-tak+ de/roy ! s5se ( smell4 ,! poison ( ! tobacco p>alyzes ! n]ves ( ta/e s t !y _c detect flavors4 ,tea-ta/]s & o!r p]sons :o ne$ to h a delicate s5se ( ta/e d n use ei!r alcohol or tobacco4 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,we h five special s5ses--he>+1 see+1 smell+1 ta/+1 & feel+4 #b4 ,! e> is ! organ ( he>+1 & has ?ree p>ts1 call$ ! ext]nal e>1 ! middle e>1 & ! inn] e>4 ,! inn] e> conta9s ! n]ve ( he>+4 #c4 ,! middle e> is sep>at$ f ! ext]nal e> by ! drum-head4 ,! drum-head is connect$ ) ! inn] e> by a *a9 ( bones4 #d4 ,s\nds cause ! drum-head to vibrate4 ,! e>-bones convey ! vibration f ! drum-head to ! n]ve ( he>+4 #e4 ,to keep ! e> heal?y we mu/ avoid m$dl+ ) x or putt+ ?+s into x4 #f4 ,! eye is ! organ ( sight4 ,! *ief p>ts ( ! eye are ! eyeball1 ! socket1 & ! eyelids4 #g4 ,9 ! eyeball are ! pupil1 ! l5s1 & ! n]ve ( sight4 #h4 ,! eyeball is mov$ 9 v>i\s directions by six small muscles4 #i4 ,! eye is moi/5$ by te>s f ! te>-gl&4 #aj4 ,:5 we look at an object ! l5s ( ! eye makes a picture on ! n]ve ( sight1 at ! back "p ( ! eyeball4 #aa4 ,to keep ! eyes heal?y we %\ld be c>eful n to tax !m long at a "t ) f9e "w1 or to use !m 9 a poor light4 #ab4 ,! n]ves ( smell are plac$ 9 ! upp] "p ( ! inside ( ! nose4 #ac4 ,colds (t5 de/roy ! s5se ( smell4 #ad4 ,! n]ves ( ta/e are plac$ 9 ! tongue & palate4 #ae4 ,_m ?+s :i* we ?9k we ta/e we really d n ta/e1 b smell or feel4 #af4 ,objects :i* h a pleasant ta/e are usually heal?ful1 :ile ^? :i* h a bad ta/e are usually h>mful4 #ag4 ,pepp]1 mu/>d1 etc41 z well z alcohol & tobacco1 h an unpleasant ta/e1 & are n heal?ful4 ,if we use !m we %all injure ! n]ves ( ta/e z well z o!r p>ts ( ! body4 #ah4 ,we feel objects by means ( ! s5se ( t\*4 #ai4 ,! s5se ( t\* is mo/ acute at ! tip ( ! tongue & ! ends ( ! f+]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,alcohol4 #a4 ,z we le>n$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( our /udy ( ?is subject1 alcohol is produc$ by f]m5tation4 ,x is aft]w>ds sep>at$ f wat] & o!r sub/ances by di/illation4 ,we w n[ le>n a few m ?+s ab\t alcohol4 #b4 ,alcohol ,burns4--,if alcohol is plac$ 9 a lamp1 x w burn mu* l k]os5e oil4 ,inde$1 x does n ne$ a lamp to help x burn z does oil4 ,if a few drops ( alcohol are plac$ ^u a plate1 x may be light$ ) a mat*1 & w burn ) a pale blue flame4 ,?us y see t alcohol is a sort ( burn+ fluid4 #c4 ,! vapor ( alcohol w burn also1 & "u "s circum/ances x w explode4 ,on ?is acc\nt x is bett] n to try any exp]im5ts ) x unless "s old] p]son is close by to direct y1 s t no h>m may be done4 ,alcohol is really a dang]\s sub/ance ev5 ?\gh we d n take x z a dr9k4 #d4 ,an ,int]e/+ ,exp]im5t4--,we h told y t all f]m5t$ dr9ks conta9 alcohol4 ,y w rememb] t w9e1 be]1 ale1 & cid] are f]m5t$ dr9ks4 ,we "k t ^! dr9ks conta9 alcohol because ! *emi/ c sep>ate ! alcohol f ! wat] & o!r sub/ances1 & ?us le>n j h[ mu* alcohol ea* conta9s4 #e4 ,if we %\ld remove all ! alcohol f w9e1 no "o w\ld c>e to dr9k x4 ,! same is true ( be] & cid]4 ,x is v easy to remove ! alcohol by ! simple process ( heat+4 ,?is is ! way ! *emi/ sep>ates x4 ,! heat drives ! alcohol (f ) ! /eam4 ,if ! heat+ is cont9u$ long en\gh1 all ! alcohol w be driv5 (f4 ,! ,*9aman boils 8 w9e be=e dr9k+ x4 ,p]haps ?is is "o reason :y ,*9am5 are s seldom f\nd drunk54 #f4 ,by a simple exp]im5t :i* y\r p>5ts or y\r tea*] c p]=m = y1 x c be readily prov5 t diff]5t f]m5t$ dr9ks conta9 alcohol1 & also t ! alcohol may be driv5 (f by heat4 ,place a bas9 half full ( wat] ^u ! /ove :]e x w soon boil4 ,put into a glass bottle en\gh be] or cid] s t :5 ! bottle /&s up 9 ! bas9 ! liquid 9 ! bottle w be at ab\t ! same height z ! wat] 9 ! bas94 ,n[ place 9 ! neck ( ! bottle a closely fitt+ cork 9 :i* !re has be5 ins]t$ a piece ( ! /em ( a clay pipe or a small glass tube4 ,place ! bottle 9 ! bas94 ,wat* c>efully until ! liquid 9 ! bottle beg9s to boil4 ,n[ apply a light$ mat* to ! end ( ! pipe-/em or glass tube4 ,p]haps y w obs]ve no?+ at fir/1 b cont9ue plac+ ! mat* to ! pipe-/em1 & pretty soon y w notice a little blue flame burn+ at ! end ( ! /em4 ,x w g out (t51 b y c light x aga94 ,?is is pro( t alcohol is escap+ f ! liquid 9 ! bottle4 ,aft] ! liquid has be5 boil+ = "s "t1 ! flame goes out1 & _c be re-light$1 because ! alcohol has be5 all driv5 (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,alcohol exp]im5t4 #g4 ,! ,alcohol ,brea?4--,y h d\btless he>d t a p]son :o is "u ! influ5ce ( liquor may be kn[n by 8 brea?4 ,8 brea? smells ( alcohol4 ,?is is because 8 lungs are try+ to remove ! alcohol f 8 blood z fa/ z possible1 s z to prev5t injury to ! blood corpuscles & ! tissues ( ! body4 ,x is ! vapor ( alcohol mix$ ) 8 brea? t causes ! odor4 #h4 ,y may h he>d t sometimes m5 take su* quantities ( liquor t ! brea? becomes /rong ) ! vapor ( alcohol & takes fire :5 a light is br\ght ne> ! m\?4 ,^! /ories are probably n true1 al?\gh x sometimes happ5s t p]sons become diseas$ 9 su* a way t ! brea? w take fire if x comes 9 contact ) a light4 ,alcohol may be a cause ( ?is k9d ( disease4 #i4 ,mak+ ,alcohol4--,x may be t "s ( our "y read]s w\ld l to f9d out = !mselves t alcohol is really made by f]m5tation4 ,?is may be done by an easy exp]im5t4 ,y "k t yea/ w cause bread to rise or f]m5t4 ,z we h else:]e le>n$1 a little alcohol is =m$ 9 ! f]m5tation ( bread1 b is driv5 (f by ! heat ( ! ov5 9 bak+1 s t we d n take any ( x into our /oma*s :5 we eat ! bread4 ,if we place a little bak]'s yea/ 9 sweet5$ wat]1 x w cause x to f]m5t & produce alcohol4 ,to make alcohol1 all we h to d is to place a little yea/ & "s sweet5$ wat] 9 a bottle & put x away 9 a w>m place = a few h\rs until x has _h "t to f]m5t4 ,y w "k :5 f]m5tation has tak5 place by ! great numb] ( small bubbles :i* appe>4 ,:5 ! liquid has f]m5t$1 y may prove t alcohol is pres5t by means ( ! same exp]im5t by :i* y f\nd ! alcohol 9 cid] or w9e4 7,see page #afj47 #aj4 ,alcohol is made f ! sweet juices ( fruits by simply all[+ !m to f]m5t4 ,w9e1 z y "k1 is f]m5t$ grape juice4 ,cid] is f]m5t$ apple juice4 ,! /rong alcoholic liquor obta9$ by di/ill+ w9e1 cid]1 or any k9d ( f]m5t$ fruit juice1 is kn[n z br&y4 #aa4 ,h[ ,be] is ,made4--,be] is made f gra9 ( "s sort4 ,! gra9 is fir/ moi/5$ & kept 9 a w>m place = a few days until x beg9s to spr\t4 ,! "y plant ne$s sug> = its food2 & s :ile ! gra9 is spr\t+1 ! />* 9 ! gra9 is *ang$ into sug> by a curi\s k9d ( dige/ion4 ,?is1 z y w rememb]1 is ! way 9 :i* ! saliva acts ^u />*4 ,s f> no v great h>m has be5 done1 only spr\t$ gra91 ?\gh v sweet1 is n s good to eat z gra9 :i* has n spr\t$4 ,nature int5ds ! sug> to be us$ z food = ! little spr\tlet2 b ! brew] wants x = ano!r purpose1 & he /ops ! gr[? ( ! plant by dry+ ! gra9 9 a hot room4 #ab4 ,! next ?+ ! brew] does is to gr9d ! spr\t$ gra9 & soak x 9 wat]4 ,! wat] dissolves out ! sug>4 ,next he adds yea/ to ! sweet liquor & all[s x to f]m5t1 ?us conv]t+ ! sug> into alcohol4 ,potatoes are sometimes treat$ 9 a simil> way4 #ac4 ,by di/ill+ be]1 a /rong liquor kn[n z :iskey is obta9$4 ,sometimes junip] b]ries are di/ill$ ) ! be]4 ,! liquor obta9$ is !n call$ g94 ,9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 on ! great sug> plantations1 l>ge quantities ( liquor are made f ! skimm+s & clean+s ( ! vessels 9 :i* ! sweet juice ( ! sug>-cane is boil$ d[n4 ,^! refuse matt]s are mix$ ) wat] & f]m5t$1 !n di/ill$4 ,?is liquor is call$ rum4 #ad4 ,n[ y h le>n$ en\gh ab\t alcohol to "k t x is n produc$ by plants 9 ! same way t food is1 b t x is ! result ( a sort ( decay4 ,9 mak+ alcohol1 good food is de/roy$ & made into a sub/ance :i* is n fit = food1 & :i* produces a great am\nt ( sickness & de/roys _m lives4 ,d y n ?9k x a pity t su* great quantities ( good corn & o!r gra9s %\ld be wa/$ 9 ?is way :5 !y might be employ$ = a useful purpose8 #ae4 ,! ,alcohol ,family4--,sci5ti/s tell u t !re are sev]al diff]5t k9ds ( alcohol4 ,naph?a is a /rong-smell+ liquid sometimes us$ by pa9t]s to ?9 _! pa9t & make x dry quickly4 ,x does n h ! same odor z alcohol1 b x looks & acts v mu* l x4 ,x w burn z alcohol does4 ,x kills animals & plants4 ,x w make a p]son drunk if he takes a suffici5t quantity ( x4 ,inde$1 x is s l alcohol t x really is a k9d ( alcohol4 #af4 ,!re are also o!r k9ds ( alcohol4 ,fusel-oil1 a deadly poison1 is an alcohol4 ,a v small am\nt ( ?is alcohol w make a p]son v drunk4 ,fusel-oil is f\nd 9 bad :iskey4 7,all :iskey is bad1 b "s k9ds are worse ?an o!rs47 ,?is is :y su* :iskey makes m5 s furi\sly drunk4 ,x also causes spe$y dea? 9 ^? :o use x frequ5tly4 ,!re are /ill o!r k9ds ( alcohol1 "s ( :i* are ev5 worse ?an fusel-oil4 ,s y see ?is is a v bad family4 #ag4 ,l mo/ o!r bad families1 ?is alcohol family has _m bad relations4 ,y h he>d ( c>bolic acid1 a p[]ful poison4 ,?is is "o ( ! relatives ( ! alcohol family4 ,creosote is ano!r poison\s sub/ance closely relat$ to alcohol4 ,e!r & *lor(orm1 by :i* p are made ins5sible dur+ surgical op]ations1 are also relatives ( alcohol4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 made f alcohol4 ,^! sub/ances1 al?\gh really useful1 are v poison\s & dang]\s4 ,d y n ?9k x w be v wise & prud5t = y to h no?+ to d ) alcohol 9 any =m1 ev5 w9e1 be]1 or cid]1 s9ce x belongs to su* a bad family & has s _m bad relations8 #ah4 ,"s p]sons ?9k t !y w suff] no h>m if !y take only w9e or be]1 or p]haps h>d cid]4 ,?is is a great mi/ake4 ,a p]son may get drunk on any ( ^! dr9ks if a suffici5t am\nt be tak54 ,besides1 boys :o use w9e1 be]1 or cid]1 r>ely fail to become fond ( /rong] liquors4 ,a great _m m5 :o h di$ drunk>ds began ) cid]4 ,cid] beg9s to f]m5t )9 a day or two aft] x is made1 & becomes /rong] 9 alcohol all ! "t = _m mon?s4 #ai4 ,bitt]s4--,!re are o!r liquids n call$ dr9ks :i* conta9 alcohol4 ,bitt]s usually conta9 m alcohol ?an is f\nd 9 ale or w9e1 & sometimes m ?an 9 ! /ronge/ :iskey4 ,jamaica g+] is almo/ pure alcohol4 ,h5ce1 x is (t5 z h>mful = a p]son to use ^! m$ic9es freely z to use alcoholic liquors 9 any o!r =m4 #bj4 ,alcoholic liquors ( all k9ds are (t5 adult]at$4 ,t is1 !y conta9 o!r poisons besides alcohol4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 !y may become ev5 m h>mful ?an :5 pure2 b ?is does n make x safe to use ev5 pure liquor4 ,alcohol is itself m h>mful ?an ! o!r drugs usually add$ 9 adult]ation4 ,x is important t y %\ld "k ?is1 = _m p ?9k !y w n suff] mu* h>m f ! use ( alcohol if !y are c>eful to obta9 pure liquors4 #ba4 ,"s ,exp]im5ts4--,h[ _m ( y rememb] :at y h le>n$ 9 previ\s lessons ab\t ! poison\s effects ( alcohol8 ,d p ev] die at once f its effects8 ,only a %ort "t ago a man made a bet t he c\ld take five dr9ks ( :iskey 9 five seconds4 ,he dropp$ dead :5 he _h swall[$ ! f\r? glass4 ,no "o ev] suff]$ su* an effect f tak+ wat] or milk or any o!r good food or dr9k4 #bb4 ,a man once made an exp]im5t by mi/ake4 ,he 0 c>ry+ "s alcohol across a lawn4 ,he accid5tally spill$ "s ^u ! grass4 ,! next day he f\nd ! grass z dead & br[n z ?\gh x _h be5 scor*$ by fire4 #bc4 ,mr4 ,d>w91 ! great naturali/1 once made a curi\s exp]im5t4 ,he took a little plant ) ?ree heal?y gre5 leaves1 & %ut x up "u a glass j> :]e !re 0 a tea-spoonful ( alcohol4 ,! alcohol 0 9 a di% by itself1 s x did n t\* ! plant2 b ! vapor ( ! alcohol mix$ ) ! air 9 ! j> s t ! plant _h to brea! x4 ,9 less ?an half an h\r he took ! plant out4 ,its leaves 7 fad$ & some:at %rivell$4 ,! next morn+ x appe>$ to be dead4 ,d y suppose ! odor ( milk or meat1 or ( any good food1 w\ld affect a plant l t8 ,animals %ut up ) alcohol die 9 j ! same way4 #bd4 ,a ,drunk5 ,plant4--,h[ _m ( y rememb] ab\t a curi\s plant t cat*es flies8 ,d y rememb] its "n8 ,:at does ! ,v5us's fly-trap d ) ! flies aft] x cat*es !m8 ,d y say t x eats !m8 ,really ?is is :at x does1 = x dissolves & absorbs !m4 ,9 o!r words1 x dige/s !m4 ,?is is j :at our /oma*s d to ! food we eat4 #be4 ,a few ye>s ago ,mr4 ,d>w9 ?\ght t he w\ld see :at effect alcohol w\ld h ^u ! dige/ion ( a plant4 ,s he put a fly-cat*+ plant 9 a j> ) "s alcohol = j five m9utes4 ,! alcohol did n t\* ! plant1 because ! j> 0 only wet ) ! alcohol on ! inside4 ,:5 he took ! plant out1 he f\nd t x c\ld n cat* flies1 & t its dige/ion 0 spoil$ s t x c\ld n ev5 dige/ v t5d] bits ( meat :i* 7 plac$ on its leaves4 ,! plant 0 drunk4 #bf4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 tri$ a great _m exp]im5ts ) v>i\s poisons1 & f\nd t ! plants 7 affect$ 9 mu* ! same way by e!r & *lor(orm1 & also by nicot9e1 ! poison\s oil ( tobacco4 ,sug>1 milk1 & o!r foods _h no su* effect4 ,?is does n look mu* z ?\gh alcohol w\ld help dige/ion2 does x8 #bg4 ,effects ( ,alcohol on ,dige/ion4--,dr4 ,rob]ts1 a v em95t ,engli% sci5ti/1 made _m exp]im5ts1 a few ye>s ago1 to asc]ta9 positively ab\t ! effect ( alcohol ^u dige/ion4 ,he conclud$ t alcohol1 ev5 9 small doses1 delays dige/ion4 ,?is is q contr>y to ! belief ( v _m p1 :o suppose t w9e1 cid]1 or /rong] liquors aid dige/ion4 ,! use ( alcohol 9 ! =m ( be] or o!r alcoholic dr9ks is (t5 a cause ( s]i\s disease ( ! /oma* & o!r dige/ive organs4 #bh4 ,effects ( ,alcohol on ,animal ,heat4--,a l>ge "p ( ! food we eat is us$ 9 keep+ our bodies w>m4 ,mo/ ( ! />*1 sug>1 & fat 9 our food s]ves ! body z a sort ( fuel4 ,x is by ?is means t ! body is kept always at ab\t ! same temp]ature1 :i* is j a little less ?an "o hundr$ degrees4 ,?is is :y we ne$ m food 9 v cold wea!r ?an 9 v w>m wea!r4 #bi4 ,:5 a p]son takes alcohol1 x is f\nd t in/ead ( be+ made w>m] by x1 he is n s w>m z be=e4 ,he feels w>m]1 b if 8 temp]ature be asc]ta9$ by means ( a !rmomet] plac$ 9 8 m\?1 x is f\nd t he is really cold]4 ,! m alcohol a p]son takes ! cold] he becomes4 ,if alcohol 7 good food w\ld we expect ?is to be ! case8 ,x is probably true t ! alcohol does make a little heat1 b at ! same "t x causes u to lose mu* m heat ?an x makes4 ,! outside ( ! body is n s w>m z ! inside4 ,?is is because ! w>m blood 9 ! blood-vessels ( ! sk9 is cool$ m rapidly ?an ! blood 9 ! int]ior ( ! body4 ,! effect ( alcohol is to cause ! blood-vessels ( ! outside ( ! body to become mu* enl>g$4 ,?is is :y ! face becomes flu%$4 ,a l>g] am\nt ( w>m blood is br\ght f ! inside ( ! body to ! outside1 :]e x is cool$ v rapidly2 & ?us ! body loses heat1 in/ead ( ga9+ x1 "u ! influ5ce ( alcohol4 ,?is is n true ( any prop] food sub/ance4 #cj4 ,alcohol 9 ! ,pol> ,regions4--,exp]i5ce tea*es ! same ?+ z sci5ce respect+ ! effect ( alcohol4 ,capta9 ,ross1 ,dr4 ,kane1 ,capta9 ,p>ry1 ,capta9 ,hall1 ,lieut5ant ,greely1 & _m o!r fam\s explor]s :o h sp5t long mon?s amid ! ice & sn[ & int5se cold ( ! c\ntries ne> ! ,nor? ,pole1 all say t alcohol does n w>m a man :5 he is cold1 & does n keep him f gett+ cold4 ,inde$1 alcohol is consid]$ s dang]\s 9 ^! cold regions t no ,arctic explor] at ! pres5t "t c\ld be induc$ to use x4 ,! ,hudson ,bay ,company d n all[ ! m5 :o "w = !m to use any k9d ( alcoholic liquors4 ,alcohol is a great deceiv]1 is x n8 ,x makes a man ?9k he is w>m]1 :5 he is really cold]4 ,_m m5 are froz5 to dea? :ile drunk4 #ca4 ,alcohol 9 ,hot ,regions4--,bruce1 ,liv+/one1 & ,/anley1 & all great ,african travell]s1 condemn ! use ( alcohol 9 t hot c\ntry z well z else:]e4 ,! ,yuma ,indians1 :o live 9 ,arizona & ,new ,mexico1 :]e ! wea!r is sometimes mu* hott] ?an we ev] "k x "h1 h made a law ( _! own aga9/ ! use ( liquor4 ,if "o ( ! tribe becomes drunk1 he is sev]ely puni%$4 ,?is law !y h made because ( ! evil effects ( liquor :i* !y notic$ among ! memb]s ( _! tribe :o us$ to become intoxicat$4 ,d y n ?9k t a v wise ?+ = ,indians to d8 #cb4 ,sun/roke4--,d y "k :at sun/roke is8 ,if y d n1 y\r p>5ts or tea*] w tell y[ t p]sons expos$ to ! heat ( ! sun on a hot summ] day are sometimes ov]come by x4 ,!y become weak1 giddy1 or ins5sible1 & n infrequ5tly die4 ,scores ( p are sometimes /rick5 d[n 9 a s+le day 9 "s ( our l>ge cities4 ,x may occur to y t if alcohol cools ! body1 x w\ld be a good ?+ = a p]son to take to prev5t or relieve an attack ( sun/roke4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is f\nd t ^? :o use alcoholic dr9ks are mu* m liable to sun/roke ?an o!rs4 ,?is is on acc\nt ( ! poison\s effects ( ! alcohol ^u ! n]ves4 ,no doctor w\ld ?9k ( giv+ alcohol 9 any =m to a man suff]+ ) sun/roke4 #cc4 ,effects ( ,alcohol ^u ! ,tissues4--,"h are two int]e/+ exp]im5ts :i* y\r tea*] or p>5ts c make = y4 ,exp]im5t #a4 ,place a piece ( t5d] beef/eak 9 a sauc] & cov] x ) alcohol4 ,put x away ov] night4 ,9 ! morn+ ! beef/eak w be f\nd to be %runk51 dri$1 & almo/ z t\gh z a piece ( lea!r4 ,?is %[s ! effect ( alcohol ^u ! tissues1 :i* are ess5tially l ^? ( l[] animals4 ,exp]im5t #b4 ,break an egg into a half glassful ( alcohol4 ,/ir ! egg & alcohol toge!r = a few m9utes4 ,soon y w see t ! egg beg9s to h>d5 & look j z ?\gh x _h be5 boil$4 #cd4 ,?is is ! effect ( /rong alcohol4 ,! alcohol ( alcoholic dr9ks has wat] & o!r ?+s mix$ ) x1 s t x does n act s quickly nor s sev]ely z pure alcohol2 b ! effect is ess5tially ! same 9 "*4 ,x is p>tly 9 ?is way t ! bra91 n]ves1 muscles1 & o!r tissues ( dr9k+ m5 & wom5 become diseas$4 ,em95t physicians tell u t a l>ge %>e ( ! un=tunate p]sons :o are %ut up 9 insane asylums are br\ght !re by alcohol4 ,is x n a dreadful ?+ t "o's m9d %\ld be ?us ru9$ by a useless & h>mful practice8 ,,summ>y4 #a4 ,alcohol is produc$ by f]m5tation1 & obta9$ by di/illation4 ,x w burn l k]os5e oil & o!r burn+ fluids4 #b4 ,! vapor ( alcohol w burn & w sometimes explode4 #c4 ,alcohol may be sep>at$ f be] & o!r f]m5t$ liquids by boil+4 #d4 ,br&y is di/ill$ f f]m5t$ fruit juice1 :iskey & g9 f be] or f]m5t$ gra9s1 rum f f]m5t$ molasses4 #e4 ,alcohol is ! result ( a sort ( decay1 & mu* good food is de/roy$ 9 produc+ x4 #f4 ,besides ord9>y alcohol1 !re are sev]al o!r k9ds4 ,naph?a & fusel-oil are alcohols4 #g4 ,all ! memb]s ( ! alcohol family are poisons2 all w burn1 & all w intoxicate4 ,! alcohol family h sev]al bad relations1 among :i* are c>bolic acid1 e!r1 & *lor(orm4 #h4 ,cid]1 be]1 & w9e are h>mful & dang]\s z well z /rong liquors4 ,bitt]s (t5 conta9 z mu* alcohol z ! /ronge/ liquors1 & sometimes m4 #i4 ,alcoholic liquors are sometimes adult]at$1 b !y usually conta9 no poison worse ?an alcohol4 ,pure alcohol is sc>cely less dang]\s ?an t :i* is adult]at$4 #aj4 ,dea? sometimes occurs almo/ in/antly f tak+ /rong liquors4 #aa4 ,alcohol w kill grass & o!r plants1 if p\r$ ^u !m or ab\t _! roots4 #ab4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 prov$ t ! vapor ( alcohol w kill plants2 also t plants become intoxicat$ by brea?+ ! vapor ( alcohol4 #ac4 ,alcohol1 ev5 9 small quantities1 h9d]s dige/ion4 #ad4 ,alcohol causes ! body to lose heat s rapidly t x becomes cool] in/ead ( w>m]4 #ae4 ,! dang] ( freez+ to dea? :5 expos$ to extreme cold is greatly increas$ by tak+ alcohol4 #af4 ,/anley1 & o!r ,african explor]s1 say t x is dang]\s to use alcoholic dr9ks 9 hot climates4 #ag4 ,9 v hot wea!r1 p]sons :o use alcoholic dr9ks are m subject to sun/roke ?an ^? :o d n4 #ah4 ,beef/eak soak$ 9 alcohol becomes t\gh l lea!r4 ,an egg plac$ 9 alcohol is h>d5$ z ?\gh x _h be5 boil$4 #ai4 ,! effect ( alcohol ^u ! bra91 n]ves1 & o!r tissues ( ! body is mu* ! same z ^u ! beef/eak & ! egg4 ,,que/ions ,,= ,,review4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,h\se ,,we ,,live ,,94--,:at is ! body l8 ,does ! body resemble any?+ else besides a h\se8 ,h[ is x l a ma*9e8 ,"n ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body4 ,:at is anatomy8 physiology8 hygi5e8 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,a ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,body4--,:at are ! ma9 p>ts ( ! body8 ,"n ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! head2 ( ! trunk2 ( ea* arm2 ( ea* leg4 ,:at cov]s ! body8 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,inside ,,( ,,! ,,body4--,:at is ! "n ( ! framework ( ! body8 ,:at is ! skull8 ,h[ is ! back-bone =m$8 ,"n ! two cavities ( ! trunk4 ,:at does ! *e/ conta98 ! abdom58 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,our ,,foods4--,( :at are our bodies made8 ,:at are foods8 ,:]e d we get our foods8 ,"n "s animal foods2 "s vegetable foods4 ,:at are poisons8 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,unheal?ful ,,foods4--,is ! fle% ( diseas$ animals good = food8 ,:at c y say ab\t unripe1 /ale1 or m\ldy foods8 ,:at is adult]ation ( foods8 ,:at foods are mo/ likely to be adult]at$8 ,are pepp]1 mu/>d1 & o!r condim5ts prop] foods8 ,:at ab\t tobacco8 ,:at is ! effect ( tobacco ^u boys8 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,our ,,dr9ks4--,:at is ! only ?+ t w satisfy ?ir/8 ,:y d we ne$ wat]8 ,h[ does wat] sometimes become impure8 ,:at is ! effect ( us+ impure wat]8 ,:at are ! prop]ties ( good wat]8 ,are tea & c(fee good dr9ks8 ,h[ is alcohol made8 ,give famili> examples ( f]m5tation4 ,h[ are pure alcohol & /rong liquors made8 ,is alcohol a food8 ,:y d y ?9k x is a poison8 ,d y ?9k mod]ate dr9k+ is heal?ful8 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,h[ ,,we ,,dige/4--,:at is dige/ion8 ,:at is ! dige/ive tube8 ,"n ! diff]5t dige/ive organs4 ,h[ _m sets ( tee? has a p]son 9 8 lifetime8 ,h[ _m tee? 9 ea* set8 ,h[ _m pairs ( saliv>y gl&s8 ,:at d !y =m8 ,:at is ! gullet8 ,describe ! /oma*4 ,:at is ! ga/ric juice8 ,h[ long is ! inte/9al canal8 ,:at fluid is =m$ 9 ! inte/9es8 ,:]e is ! liv] f\nd1 & h[ l>ge is x8 ,:at does ! liv] produce8 ,:at is ! gall-bladd]1 & :at is its use8 ,:at does ! liv] d besides produc+ bile8 ,:at & :]e is ! pancreas8 ,:at does ! pancreas d8 ,:]e is ! sple58 ,h[ _m important organs ( dige/ion are !re8 ,h[ _m dige/ive fluids8 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,dige/ion ,,( ,a ,,m\?ful ,,( ,,bread4--,"n ! diff]5t processes ( dige/ion ma/ication1 action ( saliva1 swall[+1 action ( /oma* & ga/ric juice1 action ( bile1 action ( pancreatic juice1 action ( inte/9es & inte/9al juice1 absorption1 liv] dige/ion4 ,describe ! dige/ion ( a m\?ful ( bread4 ,:]e is ! food tak5 aft] x has be5 absorb$8 ,:at are ! lacteals8 ,:at is ! ?oracic duct8 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,bad ,,habits ,,9 ,,eat+4--,:at is indige/ion8 ,m5tion "s ( ! causes ( indige/ion4 ,h[ does eat+ too fa/ cause indige/ion8 ,eat+ too mu*8 too frequ5tly8 ,irregul>ly8 :5 tir$8 ,h[ d tea & c(fee impair dige/ion8 ,:y is x h>mful to use ic$ foods & dr9ks8 ,:y %\ld we n eat pepp] & o!r hot & irritat+ ?+s8 ,h[ %\ld ! tee? be c>$ =8 ,h[ does tobacco-us+ affect ! /oma*8 ,:at dreadful disease is sometimes caus$ by tobacco8 ,h[ does alcohol affect ! ga/ric juice8 ! /oma*8 ! liv]8 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,a ,,drop ,,( ,,blood4--,:at does ! blood conta98 ,h[ _m k9ds ( blood corpuscles are !re8 ,:at "w is done = ! body by ea* k9d ( corpuscles8 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,:y ,,! ,,he>t ,,beats4--,:]e is ! he>t8 ,:y does ! he>t beat8 ,h[ _m *amb]s has ! he>t8 ,:at are ! blood-vessels8 ,h[ _m k9ds ( blood-vessels are !re8 ,"n !m4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 v5\s blood & art]ial blood8 ,:at *ange occurs 9 ! blood 9 ! lungs8 ,:at is ! pulse8 ,h[ mu* "w does ! he>t d e tw5ty-f\r h\rs8 ,:at are ! lymphatics8 ,:at d !y conta91 & :at is _! purpose8 ,:at are lymphatic gl&s8 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,he>t ,,& ,,blood ,,heal?y4--,"n "s ?+s likely to injure ! he>t or ! blood4 ,:at is ! effect ( viol5t ex]cise8 ( bad air8 ( bad food8 ( loss ( sleep8 ( viol5t ang]8 ,:at c y say ab\t clo?+8 ,:at is ! effect ( alcohol ^u ! blood8 ! he>t8 ! bodily heat8 ,:at is ! effect ( tobacco ^u ! he>t8 ! pulse8 ! blood8 ,:at is ! effect ( tea & c(fee ^u ! he>t8 ,:at is a cold8 ,9 a case ( ble$+ f a w\nd1 h[ c y tell :e!r a ve9 or an art]y is cut8 ,h[ w\ld y /op ! ble$+ f an art]y8 f a ve98 ,h[ w\ld y /op nose-ble$8 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,:y ,,& ,,h[ ,,we ,,brea!4--,:at happ5s to a light$ c&le if %ut up 9 a small1 close place8 to a m\se8 ,:y is air s necess>y = a burn+ c&le & = animals8 ,h[ is ! heat ( our bodies produc$8 ,"n ! pr9cipal organs ( brea?+4 ,describe ea*4 ,h[ d we use ! lungs 9 brea?+8 ,h[ mu* air w a man's lungs hold8 ,h[ mu* air d we use ) ea* brea?8 ,:at poison\s sub/ance does ! air :i* we brea! out conta98 ,w a c&le burn 9 air :i* has be5 brea!d8 ,:at happ5s to animals plac$ 9 su* air8 ,:at *ange takes place 9 ! blood z x passes ?r\gh ! lungs8 ,h[ d plants purify ! air8 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,lungs ,,heal?y4--,:at is ! ?+ mo/ necess>y to pres]ve life8 ,"n "s ( ! ways 9 :i* ! blood becomes impure4 ,:y is bad-smell+ air dang]\s to heal?8 ,:at are g]ms8 ,:y are "s diseases cat*+8 ,"n "s su* diseases4 ,:at %\ld be done ) a p]son :o has a cat*+ disease8 ,:at is ! effect ( ! brea? ^u ! air8 ,h[ mu* air is poison$ & made unfit to brea! by ea* brea?8 ,h[ mu* air d we spoil e m9ute8 e h\r8 ,h[ mu* pure air does ea* p]son ne$ e m9ute8 e h\r8 ,h[ d we get fre% air into our h\ses8 ,:y are w9d[s & doors n good means ( v5tilat+ 9 cold wea!r8 ,h[ %\ld a room be v5tilat$8 ,h[ %\ld we use ! lungs 9 brea?+8 ,:at ab\t ! clo?+ 9 ref]5ce to ! lungs8 ,:y is x injuri\s to brea! habitually ?r\gh ! m\?8 ,:at is ! effect ( alcohol ^u ! lungs8 ,:at is ! effect ( tobacco-us+ ^u ! ?roat & nose8 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,sk9 ,,& ,,:at ,,x ,,does4--,h[ _m lay]s 9 ! sk98 ,:at is ea* call$8 ,to :at is ! color ( ! sk9 due8 ,:at gl&s are f\nd 9 ! true sk98 ,:at are ! nails & :at is _! purpose8 ,h[ does ! hair gr[8 ,"n ! diff]5t uses ( ! sk98 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,take ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,sk94--,:at happ5$ to ! little boy :o 0 cov]$ ) gold leaf8 ,:y did he die8 ,:at is ! effect ( neglect+ to keep ! sk9 clean8 ,:at is ! effect ( we>+ too mu* clo?+ & liv+ 9 rooms :i* are too w>m8 ,h[ %\ld ! hair be c>$ =8 ! nails8 ,:at is ! effect ( alcohol1 tobacco1 & o!r n>cotics ^u ! sk98 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,kidneys ,,& ,,_! ,,"w4--,:at is ! "w ( ! kidneys8 ,h[ may we keep ^! organs heal?y8 ,:at is ! effect ( alcohol ^u ! kidneys8 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,our ,,bones ,,& ,,_! ,,uses4--,h[ _m bones 9 ! body8 ,:at are ! bones call$ :5 tak5 all toge!r8 ,"n ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! skeleton4 ,"n ! bones ( ! trunk1 ( ! arms1 ( ! legs4 ,:at are ! uses ( ! bones8 ,:at is a jo9t8 ,:at is c>tilage8 ,by :at are ! bones held toge!r8 ,( :at are ! bones l>gely compos$8 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,bones ,,heal?y4--,:at sort ( bread is be/ = ! bones8 ,:y8 ,if a *ild tries to walk too e>ly :y are its legs likely to become crook$8 ,:at are ! effects ( sitt+ or ly+ 9 bad positions8 ,( we>+ tight or poorly-fitt+ clo?+8 ,( tight or high-heel$ %oes8 ,:at injuries are likely to happ5 to ! bones & jo9ts by accid5t or r\gh play8 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,! ,,muscles ,,& ,,h[ ,,we ,,use ,,!m4--,h[ _m muscles 9 ! body8 ,( :at are ! muscles compos$8 ,h[ are _m ( ! muscles connect$ to ! bones8 ,to :at are all bodily movem5ts due8 ,h[ d ! muscles act8 ,:at causes ! muscles to act8 ,d all muscles act only :5 we w to h !m act8 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,muscles ,,heal?y4--,:at makes ! "r arm ( ! blacksmi? /rong] ?an ! left "o8 ,h[ %\ld ex]cise be tak58 ,m5tion "s ?+s 9 relation to ! use ( ! muscles :i* we ought n to d1 & /ate ! reasons :y4 ,:at is ! effect ( alcohol ^u ! muscles8 ( tobacco8 ( tea & c(fee8 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,h[ ,,we ,,feel ,,& ,,?9k4--,) :at "p ( ! body d we ?9k8 ,h[ _m bra9s does a man h8 ,h[ is ea* bra9 divid$8 ,( :at is ! bra9 l>gely compos$8 ,:]e d ! n]ves beg98 ,:at is ! sp9al cord8 ,:y does x cause pa9 to prick ! f+]8 ,h[ _m k9ds ( n]ves are !re8 7,ans4 ,two2 n]ves ( feel+ & n]ves ( "w47 ,"n "s ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( n]ves ( feel+8 ,"n "s ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( "w controll$ by ! n]ves ( "w4 ,( :at use to ! body are ! bra9 & n]ves8 ,h[ does ! bra9 use ! n]ves8 ,( :at use is ! l>ge bra98 ,:at does ! little bra9 d8 ,( :at use is ! sp9al cord8 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,bra9 ,,& ,,n]ves ,,heal?y4--,m5tion "s ?+s :i* we ne$ to d to keep ! bra9 & n]ves heal?y4 ,m5tion "s ?+s :i* we ought n to d4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,bad ,,effects ,,( ,,alcohol ,,^u ,,! ,,bra9 ,,& ,,n]ves4--,:at is ! effect ( alcohol ^u ! bra9 & n]ves8 ,does alcohol produce real /r5g?8 ,does x produce real w>m?8 ,does alcohol make p bett] or worse8 ,:at is ! effect ( tobacco ^u ! bra9 & n]ves8 ,does ! use ( tobacco lead to o!r evil habits8 ,:at ab\t ! effect ( opium & o!r n>cotics8 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,h[ ,,we ,,he>1 ,,see1 ,,smell1 ,,ta/e1 ,,& ,,feel4--,h[ _m s5ses h we8 ,:at is ! e>8 ,"n ! ?ree p>ts ( ! e>4 ,h[ d we he>8 ,h[ %\ld we treat ! e>8 ,"n ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! eye8 ,:at are f\nd 9 ! eyeball8 ,h[ is ! eyeball mov$ 9 ! socket8 ,h[ is ! eye moi/5$8 ,( :at use is ! l5s ( ! eye8 ,( :at use is ! pupil ( ! eye8 ,h[ may we pres]ve ! eyesight8 ,:]e are ! n]ves ( smell locat$8 ,( :at use is ! s5se ( smell8 ,:]e are ! n]ves ( ta/e f\nd8 ,h[ is ! s5se ( ta/e sometimes injur$ or lo/8 ,:at d we detect ) ! s5se ( ta/e8 ,( :at use to u is ! s5se ( ta/e8 ,) :at s5se d we feel objects8 ,9 :at p>ts ( ! body is ?is s5se mo/ delicate8 ,^u :at d all ! special s5ses dep5d8 ,does any?+ t injures ! bra9 & n]ves also injure ! special s5ses8 ,:at is ! effect ( alcohol & tobacco ^u ! s5se ( sight8 ,h[ is ! he>+ affect$ by tobacco-us+8 ,! s5se ( smell8 ,! s5se ( ta/e8 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,alcohol4--,h[ is alcohol produc$8 ,9 :at respect is alcohol l k]os5e oil8 ,is alcohol a dang]\s ?+ ev5 if we d n dr9k x8 ,h[ c y prove t !re is alcohol 9 w9e1 be]1 cid]1 & o!r f]m5t$ dr9ks8 ,c y tell by ! odor ( 8 brea? :5 a p]son has be5 dr9k+8 ,:y8 ,does ! brea? ev] take fire8 ,may alcohol be a cause8 ,f :at is br&y made8 ,h[ are :iskey1 g91 & rum made8 ,is alcohol a result ( gr[?1 l fruits & gra9s1 or ( decay8 ,is !re m ?an "o k9d ( alcohol8 ,m5tion "s ( ! memb]s ( ! alcohol family4 ,9 :at ways are ! memb]s ( ?is family alike8 ,"n "s ( ! bad relations4 ,are cid] & be]1 z well z :iskey1 dang]\s8 ,:y8 ,m5tion "s o!r ?+s1 besides dr9ks1 :i* conta9 alcohol4 ,are alcoholic dr9ks adult]at$8 ,is pure alcohol safe8 ,is in/ant dea? ev] produc$ by alcohol8 ,w alcohol kill plants8 ,describe ,mr4 ,d>w9's exp]im5t :i* prov$ ?is4 ,c plants be made drunk by alcohol8 ,describe ! exp]im5t :i* proves ?is4 ,:at has ,dr4 ,rob]ts prov5 conc]n+ ! influ5ce ( alcohol ^u dige/ion8 ,h[ are our bodies kept w>m8 ,expla9 h[ alcohol makes ! body cool]8 ,d ,arctic explor]s use alcohol8 ,:y n8 ,does ! use ( alcohol prev5t sun/roke8 ,:at d ,/anley & ,liv+/one say ab\t ! use ( alcohol 9 ,africa8 ,:at is ! effect ( us+ alcohol ^u meat & eggs8 ,:at is ! effect ( alcohol ^u ! bra9 & o!r tissues ( ! body8 ,does alcohol cause insanity & o!r diseases ( ! bra9 & n]ves8 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,m prop]ly ,c>bonic dioxid4 ,b ,= ! sake ( brevity & cle>ness ! au?or has includ$ "u ! t]m little bra9 ! m$ulla oblongata z well z ! c]ebellum4 ,,! ,,end4 ,aids to ,field & ,laboratory ,"w 9 ,botany ,apg>s' ,plant ,analysis4 ,by ,e4,a4 & ,a4,c4 ,,apg>4 ,clo?1 small #dto1 #abd pages #ee c5ts ,a book ( blank s*$ules1 adapt$ to ,gray's ,botanies1 = pupils' use 9 writ+ & pres]v+ brief sy/ematic descriptions ( ! plants analyz$ by !m 9 field or class "w4 ,space is all[$ = descriptions ( ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r plants ) an alphabetical index4 ,an analytical arrangem5t ( botanical t]ms is provid$1 9 :i* ! words def9$ are illu/rat$ by small wood cuts1 :i* %[ at a glance ! *>act]i/ics nam$ 9 ! def9ition4 ,by us+ ! ,plant ,analysis1 pupils w become famili> ) ! mean+ ( botanical t]ms1 & w le>n h[ to apply ^! t]ms 9 botanical descriptions4 ,apg>'s ,trees ( ! ,nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates ,_! ,/udy1 ,description1 & ,det]m9ation4 ,= ! use ( ,s*ools & ,private ,/ud5ts4 ,by ,,au/9 ,c4 ,,apg>4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #bbd pages4 ,copi\sly ,illu/rat$ #a4jj ,?is "w has be5 prep>$ z an accessory to ! /udy ( ,botany1 & to assi/ & enc\rage tea*]s 9 introduc+ into _! classes in/ruction 9 ,nature ,/udy4 ,! trees ( our =e/s1 lawns1 y>ds1 or*>ds1 /reets1 bord]s & p>ks af=d a mo/ favorable & fruitful field = ! purposes ( su* /udy4 ,!y are real objects ( nature1 easily accessible1 & ( su* a "* z to admit ( be+ /udi$ at all seasons & 9 all localities4 ,besides1 ! subject is "o ( g5]al & increas+ int]e/1 & "o t c be taught successfully by ^? :o h _h no regul> sci5tific tra9+4 ,copies ( ei!r ( ! above books w be s5t1 prepaid1 to any address on receipt ( ! price by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,,/or] ,,& ,,l9dsay',s ,elem5t>y ,manual ( ,*emi/ry ,by ,f4,h4 ,,/or]1 ,s4,b41 ,a4,m41 & ,w4,b4 ,,l9dsay1 ,a4,b41 ,b4,s4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #dec pages4 ,illu/rat$4 ,price1 #a4bj ,?is "w is ! l9eal desc5dant ( ! ,manual ( ,inorganic ,*emi/ry ( ,eliot & ,/or]1 & ! ,elem5t>y ,manual ( ,*emi/ry ( ,eliot1 ,/or] & ,ni*ols4 ,x is 9 fact ! la/ nam$ book ?or\ghly revis$1 rewritt5 & enl>g$ to repres5t ! pres5t condition ( *emical k & to meet ! dem&s ( ,am]ican tea*]s = a class book on ,*emi/ry1 at once sci5tific 9 /atem5t & cle> 9 me?od4 ,! purpose ( ! book is to facilitate ! /udy & tea*+ ( ,*emi/ry by ! exp]im5tal & inductive me?od4 ,x pres5ts ! lead+ facts & !ories ( ! sci5ce 9 su* simple & concise mann] t !y c be readily und]/ood & appli$ by ! /ud5t4 ,! book is equally valuable 9 ! class-room & ! laboratory4 ,! in/ructor w f9d 9 x ! ess5tials ( *emical sci5ce develop$ 9 easy & appropriate sequ5ce1 its facts & g5]alizations express$ accurately & sci5tifically z well z cle>ly1 =cibly & elegantly4 ,x is safe to say t no text-book has ex]t$ s wide an influ5ce on ! /udy ( *emi/ry 9 ?is c\ntry z ?is "w1 orig9ally writt5 by ,eliot & ,/or]4 ,its di/+ui%$ au?ors 7 lead]s 9 tea*+ ,*emi/ry z a means ( m5tal tra9+ 9 g5]al education1 & 9 organiz+ & p]fect+ a sy/em ( in/ruct+ /ud5ts 9 l>ge classes by ! exp]im5tal me?od4 ,z revis$ & improv$ by ,pr(essor ,ni*ols1 x cont9u$ to give ! highe/ satisfaction 9 our be/ s*ools & colleges4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,pr(essor ,ni*ols1 :5 x became necess>y to revise ! "w aga91 ,pr(essor ,l9dsay1 ( ,dick9son ,college1 0 select$ to assi/ ,dr4 ,/or] 9 ! "w4 ,! pres5t edition has be5 entirely rewritt5 by !m1 foll[+ ?r\gh\t ! same plan & arrangem5t ( ! previ\s editions1 :i* h be5 s highly approv$ by a g5]ation ( s*ol>s & tea*]s4 ,if a book1 l an individual1 has a hi/ory1 c]ta9ly ! record ( ?is "o1 cov]+ a p]iod ( ne>ly ?irty ye>s1 is ( ! highe/ & mo/ honorable "*4--,f ,! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce4 ,copies ( ?is book w be s5t prepaid to any address1 on receipt ( ! price1 by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,*emi/ry ,,text-,,books ,,& ,,laboratory ,,me?ods ,/or] & ,l9dsay's ,elem5t>y ,manual ( ,*emi/ry ,by ,f4,h4 ,,/or]1 ,a4,m41 ,s4,b41 & ,w4,b4 ,,l9dsay1 ,ph4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #dec pages #a4bj ,a /&>d manual = second>y s*ools & colleges4 ,cl>ke's ,elem5ts ( ,*emi/ry ,by ,f4,w4 ,,cl>ke4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #cgi pages #a4bj ,a sci5tific book = high s*ools & colleges4 ,cooley's ,new ,elem5t>y ,*emi/ry = ,beg9n]s ,by ,,l]oy ,c4 ,,cooley1 ,ph4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #cjj pages #gb c5ts ,a book ( exp]im5tal *emi/ry = beg9n]s4 ,/eele's ,popul> ,*emi/ry ,by ,j4 ,,dorman ,,/eele1 ,ph4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #cdc pages #a4jj ,a popul> treatise = s*ools & private /ud5ts4 ,y\mans's ,class-,book ( ,*emi/ry ,by ,e4,l4 ,,y\mans1 ,m4,d4 ,revis$ by ,w4,j4 ,y\mans1 ,m4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #djd pages #a4bb ,= s*ools1 colleges1 & g5]al read+4 ,brew/]'s ,fir/ ,book ( ,*emi/ry ,by ,,m>y ,,%aw-,,brew/]4 ,bo>ds1 #abmo1 #add pages #ff c5ts ,an elem5t>y class-book = beg9n]s 9 ! /udy4 ,arm/rong & ,norton's ,laboratory ,manual ( ,*emi/ry ,by ,,james ,e4 ,,arm/rong & ,,james ,h4 ,,norton4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #add pages #ej c5ts ,a brief c\rse ( exp]im5ts 9 *emi/ry1 cov]+ ab\t =ty weeks' "w 9 ! laboratory4 ,cooley's ,laboratory ,/udies 9 ,*emi/ry ,by ,,l]oy ,c4 ,,cooley1 ,ph4,d4 ,clo?1 #hvo1 #add pages #ej c5ts ,a c>efully select$ s]ies ( #aea exp]im5ts1 design$ to tea* ! fundam5tal facts & pr9ciples ( *emi/ry = second>y s*ools4 ,keis]'s ,laboratory ,"w 9 ,*emi/ry ,by ,,edw>d ,h4 ,,keis]1 ,ph4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #aai pages #ej c5ts ,a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 g5]al inorganic *emi/ry1 int5d$ to illu/rate & supplem5t ! "w ( ! class-room4 ,qualitative ,*emical ,analysis ( ,inorganic ,sub/ances ,z practic$ 9 ,georget[n ,college1 ,d4,c4 ,clo?1 #dto1 #fa pages #a4ej ,design$ to s]ve z bo? text-book & laboratory manual 9 ,qualitative ,analysis4 ,copies ( any ( ! above books w be s5t prepaid to any address1 on receipt ( ! price1 by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,physics ,cooley's ,/ud5t's ,manual ( ,physics ,= ! ,/udy ,room & ,laboratory4 ,by ,l4,c4 ,,cooley1 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics 9 ,vass> ,college4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #ddh pages4 ,illu/rat$ #a4jj ,a new text-book 9 ,physics = high s*ools1 academies1 & colleges4 ,x embodies a full & ?or\gh treatm5t ( ! laws ( physics1 ! be/ me?ods 9 sci5ce tea*+1 ! late/ discov]ies & applications 9 physics1 & a full c\rse 9 laboratory practice4 ,special c>e has be5 tak5 to select exp]im5ts :i* w n ov]tax ! capacities ( beg9n]s nor require exp5sive app>atus1 b :i* at ! same "t w call = sy/ematic & orig9al "w & lead to accurate results4 ,h>r+ton's ,physics = ,gramm> ,s*ools ,,by ,c4,l4 ,,h>r+ton1 ,m4,a4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #abc pages4 #ej c5ts ,a practical text-book bas$ on ! natural or exp]im5tal me?od1 elem5t>y en\gh = pupils 9 gramm> s*ools1 & af=d+ a ?or\gh prep>ation = advanc$ /udy4 ,appletons' ,s*ool ,physics ,clo?1 #abmo1 #eeb pages #a4bj ,a ?or\ghly mod]n text-book on ,natural ,philosophy1 :i* reflects ! mo/ advanc$ p$agogical me?ods & ! late/ laboratory practice4 ,/eele's ,popul> ,physics ,by ,j4 ,,dorman ,,/eele1 ,ph4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #cib pages #a4jj ,a popul> text-book1 9 :i* ! pr9ciples ( ! sci5ce are pres5t$ 9 su* an attractive mann] z to awak5 & fix ! att5tion ( e pupil4 ,tr[bridge's ,new ,physics ,by ,,john ,,tr[bridge1 ,s4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #chg pages #a4bj ,a ?or\ghly mod]n "w1 int5d$ z a class manual ( ,physics = colleges & advanc$ prep>atory s*ools4 ,hammel's ,obs]vation ,blanks 9 ,physics ,by ,,william ,c4,a4 ,,hammel4 ,flexible1 qu>to1 #db pages4 ,illu/rat$ #cj c5ts ,a pupil's laboratory manual & notebook = ! fir/ t]m's "w4 ,blanks are left 9 :i* ! pupil writes 8 obs]vations & ! pr9ciples illu/rat$4 ,copies ( any ( ^! books w be s5t1 prepaid1 to any address on receipt ( ! price by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,laboratory ,physics ,hammel's ,obs]vation ,blanks 9 ,physics ,by ,,william ,c4,a4 ,,hammel1 ,pr(essor ( ,physics 9 ,m>yl& ,/ate ,s*ool1 ,bo>ds1 ,qu>to1 #db pages4 ,illu/rat$ #cj c5ts ,^! ,obs]vation ,blanks are design$ = use z a ,pupil's ,laboratory ,manual & ,note ,book = ! fir/ t]m's "w 9 ! /udy ( ,physics4 ,!y comb9e 9 conv5i5t =m descriptions & illu/rations ( ! app>atus requir$ = mak+ exp]im5ts 9 ,physics1 ) special ref]5ce to ! elem5ts ( ,air1 ,liquids1 & ,heat2 directions = mak+ ! requir$ app>atus f simple inexp5sive mat]ials1 & = p]=m+ ! exp]im5ts1 etc4 ,! book is suppli$ ) blanks = mak+ draw+s ( ! app>atus & = ! pupil to record :at he has obs]v$ & inf]r$ conc]n+ ! exp]im5t & ! pr9ciple illu/rat$4 ,! exp]im5ts are c>efully select$ 9 ! light ( exp]i5ce & arrang$ 9 logical ord]4 ,! treatm5t ?r\gh\t is 9 accordance ) ! be/ laboratory practice ( ! day4 ,hon4 ,w4,t4 ,h>ris1 ,u4,s4 ,commission] ( ,education1 says ( ^! ,blanks3 ,i h se5 sev]al attempts to assi/ ! "w ( pupils engag$ 9 ! /udy ( ,physics1 b ,i h nev] se5 any?+ :i* promises to be ( su* practical assi/ance z ,hammel's ,obs]vation ,blanks4 ,specim5 copies ( ! above book w be s5t prepaid to any address1 on receipt ( ! price1 by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,burnet's ,zooelogy ,,= ,,high ,,s*ools ,,& ,,academies ,,by ,,m>g>etta ,,burnet ,tea*] ( ,zooelogy1 ,woodw>d ,high ,s*ool1 ,c9c9nati1 ,o4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #baf pages4 ,illu/rat$4 ,price1 #ge c5ts ,?is new text-book on ,zooelogy is int5d$ = classes 9 ,high ,s*ools1 ,academies1 & o!r ,second>y ,s*ools4 ,:ile suffici5tly elem5t>y = beg9n]s 9 ! /udy x is full & compreh5sive en\gh = /ud5ts pursu+ a regul> c\rse 9 ! ,natural ,sci5ces4 ,x has be5 prep>$ by a practical tea*]1 & is ! direct result ( s*ool-room exp]i5ce1 field obs]vation & laboratory practice4 ,! design ( ! book is to give a good g5]al k ( ! subject ( ,zooelogy1 to cultivate an int]e/ 9 nature /udy1 & to enc\rage ! pupil to obs]ve & to comp>e = himself & !n to arrange & classify 8 k4 ,only typical or pr9cipal =ms are describ$1 & 9 _! description only su* te*nical t]ms are us$ z are necess>y1 & ^! are c>efully def9$4 ,ea* subject is fully illu/rat$1 ! illu/rations be+ select$ & arrang$ to aid ! pupil 9 und]/&+ ! /ructure ( ea* =m4 ,copies ( ,burnet's ,s*ool ,zooelogy w be s5t prepaid to any address1 on receipt ( ! price1 by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,zooelogy & ,natural ,hi/ory ,burnet's ,s*ool ,zooelogy ,by ,,m>g>etta ,,burnet4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #baf pages #ge c5ts ,a new text-book = high s*ools & academies1 by a practical tea*]2 suffici5tly elem5t>y = beg9n]s & full en\gh = ! usual c\rse 9 ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,ne$ham's ,elem5t>y ,lessons 9 ,zooelogy ,by ,,james ,g4 ,,ne$ham1 ,m4,s4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #cjb pages #ij c5ts ,an elem5t>y text-book = high s*ools1 academies1 normal s*ools & prep>atory college classes4 ,special att5tion is giv5 to ! /udy by sci5tific me?ods1 laboratory practice1 microscopic /udy & practical zooetomy4 ,coop]'s ,animal ,life ,by ,,s>ah ,,coop]4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #dbg pages #a4be ,an attractive book = "y p4 ,admirably adapt$ = supplem5t>y read+s 9 ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,hold]s' ,elem5t>y ,zooelogy ,by ,c4,f4 ,,hold]1 & ,j4,b4 ,,hold]1 ,m4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #dja pages #a4bj ,a text-book = high s*ool classes & o!r s*ools ( second>y grade4 ,hook]'s ,natural ,hi/ory ,by ,,wor?+ton ,,hook]1 ,m4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #cid pages #ij c5ts ,design$ ei!r = ! use ( s*ools or = ! g5]al read]4 ,morse's ,fir/ ,book 9 ,zooelogy ,by ,,edw>d ,s4 ,,morse1 ,ph4,d4 ,bo>ds1 #abmo1 #bjd pages #hg c5ts ,= ! fir/ /udy ( animal life4 ,! examples pres5t$ are su* z are common & famili>4 ,ni*olson's ,text-,book ( ,zooelogy ,by ,h4,a4 ,,ni*olson1 ,m4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #dba pages #a4ch ,revis$ edition4 ,adapt$ = advanc$ grades ( high s*ools or academies & = fir/ "w 9 college classes4 ,/eele's ,popul> ,zooelogy ,by ,j4 ,,dorman ,,/eele1 ,ph4,d41 & ,j4,w4,p4 ,,j5ks4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #cfi pages #a4bj ,= academies1 prep>atory s*ools & g5]al read+4 ,?is popul> "w is m>k$ by ! same cle>ness ( me?od & simplicity ( /atem5t t *>act]ize all ,pr(4 ,/eele's text-books 9 ! ,natural ,sci5ces4 ,t5neys' ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,animals ,by ,,sanborn ,,t5ney & ,,abbey ,a4 ,,t5ney4 ,revis$ ,edition4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #bha pages #a4bj ,?is new edition has be5 entirely reset & ?or\ghly revis$1 ! rec5t *anges 9 classification introduc$1 & ! book 9 all respects br\ght up to date4 ,treat's ,home ,/udies 9 ,nature ,by ,mrs4 ,,m>y ,,treat4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #bdd pages #ij c5ts ,an int]e/+ & in/ructive addition to ! works on ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,copies ( any ( ! above books w be s5t prepaid to any address1 on receipt ( ! price1 by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,text-,books 9 ,geology ,dana's ,geological ,/ory ,briefly ,told ,by ,,james ,d4 ,,dana4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #cjb pages #a4ae ,a new edition ( ?is popul> "w = beg9n]s 9 ! /udy & = ! g5]al read]4 ,! book has be5 entirely rewritt51 & improv$ by ! addition ( _m new illu/rations & int]e/+ descriptions ( ! late/ phases & discov]ies ( ! sci5ce4 ,9 cont5ts & dress x is an attractive volume ei!r = ! read] or /ud5t4 ,dana's ,revis$ ,text-,book ( ,geology ,edit$ by ,,william ,,nor? ,,rice1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,geology1 ,wesleyan ,univ]sity4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #dhb pages4 #a4dj ,?is is ! /&>d text-book = high s*ool & elem5t>y college "w4 ,! book has be5 ?or\ghly revis$1 enl>g$1 & improv$1 :ile ! g5]al & di/9ctive features ( ! =m] "w h be5 pres]v$4 ,z n[ publi%$1 x comb9es ! results ( ! life exp]i5ce & obs]vation ( its di/+ui%$ au?or ) ! late/ discov]ies & rese>*es 9 ! sci5ce4 ,dana's ,manual ( ,geology ,by ,,james ,d4 ,,dana4 ,clo?1 #hvo1 #ajhg pages4 #aege illu/rations #e4jj ,?is great "w 0 ?or\ghly revis$ & entirely rewritt5 "u ! direct sup]vision ( its au?or1 j be=e 8 dea?4 ,x is recogniz$ z a /&>d au?ority1 & is us$ z a manual ( in/ruction 9 all high] in/itutions ( le>n+4 ,le ,conte's ,comp5d ( ,geology ,by ,,joseph ,,le ,,conte1 ,,ll4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #cii pages #a4bj ,design$ = high s*ools1 academies1 & all second>y s*ools4 ,/eele's ,f\rte5 ,weeks 9 ,geology ,by ,j4 ,,dorman ,,/eele1 ,ph4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #bhj pages #a4jj ,a popul> book = elem5t>y classes & ! g5]al read]4 ,&rews's ,elem5t>y ,geology ,by ,e4,b4 ,,&rews1 ,,ll4,d4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #bhc pages #a4jj ,adapt$ = elem5t>y classes4 ,conta9s a special treatm5t ( ! geology ( ! ,mississippi ,valley4 ,copies ( any ( ! above books w be s5t1 prepaid1 to any address on receipt ( ! price by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,new ,a/ronomy ,,by ,,david ,p4 ,,todd1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d4 ,pr(essor ( ,a/ronomy & ,director ( ! ,obs]vatory1 ,amh]/ ,college4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #dhj pages4 ,illu/rat$ ,price1 #a4cj ,?is book is design$ = classes pursu+ ! /udy 9 ,high ,s*ools1 ,academies1 & ,colleges4 ,! au?or's long exp]i5ce z a director 9 a/ronomical obs]vatories & 9 tea*+ ! subject has giv5 him unusual qualifications & advantages = prep>+ an ideal text-book4 ,! notewor?y feature :i* di/+ui%es ?is f o!r text-books on ,a/ronomy is ! practical way 9 :i* ! subjects treat$ are en=c$ by laboratory exp]im5ts & me?ods4 ,9 ?is ! au?or foll[s ! pr9ciple t ,a/ronomy is preem95tly a sci5ce ( obs]vation & %\ld be s taught4 ,by plac+ m importance on ! physical ?an on ! ma!matical facts ( ,a/ronomy ! au?or has made e page ( ! book deeply int]e/+ to ! /ud5t & ! g5]al read]4 ,! treatm5t ( ! planets & o!r heav5ly bodies & ( ! law ( univ]sal gravitation is unusually full1 cle>1 & illum9ative4 ,! m>vel\s discov]ies ( ,a/ronomy 9 rec5t ye>s1 & ! late/ advances 9 me?ods ( tea*+ ! sci5ce1 are all repres5t$4 ,! illu/rations are an important feature ( ! book4 ,_m ( !m are s +5i\sly devis$ t !y expla9 at a glance :at pages ( m]e description c\ld n make cle>4 ,copies ( ,todd's ,new ,a/ronomy w be s5t1 prepaid1 to any address on receipt ( ! price by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,laboratory ,manual 9 ,practical ,botany ,= use 9 ,second>y ,s*ools & = ,elem5t>y ,"w 9 ,colleges ,by ,,*>les ,h4 ,,cl>k1 ,a4,m41 ,d4,sc41 ,pr9cipal ( ,w9dsor ,hall ,s*ool1 ,waban1 ,mass4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #bgb pages4 ,illu/rat$ #if c5ts ,! c\rse ( botanical /udy outl9$ 9 ?is book is int5d$ to give ! /ud5t a g5]al view ( ! subject1 & at ! same "t to lay a f\ndation ^u :i* m advanc$ /udies may be built4 ,! book is prim>ily a laboratory manual & foll[s ! me?od recomm5d$ by ! ,committee ( ,t5 & employ$ by ! be/ tea*]s4 ,s pursu$1 ! /udy ( botany provides ! means ( develop+ habits ( close & accurate obs]vation & ( cultivat+ ! reason+ p[]s t c sc>cely be claim$ = any o!r subject taught 9 ! s*ools4 ,x provides a sy/ematic outl9e ( classification to s]ve z a guide 9 laboratory "w & 9 ! practical /udy ( ! life hi/ories ( plants1 _! modes ( reproduction1 mann] ( life1 etc4 ,! treatm5t is sugge/ive & g5]al to adapt x to ! c\rses ( /udy 9 diff]5t s*ools1 & to all[ ! tea*] to foll[ 8 own ideas 9 select+ ! "w ( 8 class4 ,cl>k's ,laboratory ,manual 9 ,practical ,botany w be s5t1 prepaid1 to any address on receipt ( ! price by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,important ,new ,books ,crockett's ,plane & ,sph]ical ,trigonometry ,by ,c4,w4 ,,crockett1 ,c4,e41 ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics & ,a/ronomy 9 ,r5ssela] ,polyte*nic ,in/itute1 ,troy1 ,new ,york4 ,) ,tables4 ,clo?1 #hvo4 #caj pages #a4be ,! ,same4 ,)\t ,tables #a4jj ,log>i?mic & ,trigonometric ,tables 7sep>ate7 #a4jj ,a cle> analytic treatm5t ( ! elem5ts ( ,plane & ,sph]ical ,trigonometry & _! practical applications to ,survey+1 ,geodesy1 & ,a/ronomy1 ) conv5i5t & accurate five place tables = ! use ( ! /ud5t1 eng9e]1 & surveyor4 ,design$ = ,high ,s*ools1 ,colleges1 & ,te*nical ,in/itutions4 ,raymond's ,plane ,survey+ ,by ,w4,g4 ,,raymond1 ,c4,e41 ,memb] ,am]ican ,society ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 ,pr(essor ( ,geodesy1 ,road ,eng9e]+1 & ,topographical ,draw+ 9 ,r5ssela] ,polyte*nic ,in/itute4 ,clo?1 #hvo4 #dhe pages4 ,) ,tables & ,illu/rations #c4jj ,a mod]n text-book = ! /udy & practice ( ,l&1 ,topographical1 ,hydrographical1 & ,m9e ,survey+4 ,special att5tion is giv5 to su* practical subjects z sy/em 9 (fice "w1 to labor-sav+ devices1 to coo]d9ate me?ods1 & to ! explanation ( difficulties enc\nt]$ by "y surveyors4 ,! app5dix conta9s a l>ge numb] ( orig9al problems1 & a full set ( tables = class & field "w4 ,todd's ,new ,a/ronomy ,by ,,david ,p4 ,,todd1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,a/ronomy & ,director ( ! ,obs]vatory1 ,amh]/ ,college4 ,clo?1 #abmo4 #ejj pages4 ,illu/rat$ #a4cj ,a new ,a/ronomy design$ = classes pursu+ ! /udy 9 ,high ,s*ools1 ,academies1 & o!r ,prep>atory ,s*ools4 ,! treatm5t ?r\gh\t is simple1 cle>1 sci5tific1 & deeply int]e/+4 ,! illu/rations include sket*es f ! au?or's laboratory & exp$itions1 & num]\s reproductions f a/ronomical photographs4 ,copies ( ! above books w be s5t1 prepaid1 to any address on receipt ( ! price by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,birds ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,a ,manual = ! ,id5tification ( ,species ,ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s ,by ,,au/9 ,c4 ,,apg> ,au?or ( ,trees ( ! ,nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 etc4 ,clo?1 #abmo1 #dae pages1 ) num]\s illu/rations4 ,price1 #b4jj ,! object ( ?is book is to enc\rage ! /udy ( ,birds by mak+ x a pleasant & easy task4 ,! treatm5t1 :ile ?or\ghly sci5tific & accurate1 is int]e/+ & popul> 9 =m & attractive to ! read] or /ud5t4 ,x cov]s ! foll[+ divisions & subjects3 ,,"p ,i4 ,a g5]al description ( ,birds & an explanation ( ! te*nical t]ms us$ by orni?ologi/s4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,classification & description ( ea* species ) ,key4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,! /udy ( ,birds 9 ! field1 ) ,key = _! id5tification4 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,prep>ation ( ,bird specim5s4 ,! descriptions ( ! sev]al species h be5 prep>$ ) great c>e & pres5t sev]al advantages ov] ^? 9 o!r books4 ,!y are %ort & s express$ t !y may be recall$ readily :ile look+ at ! bird4 ,!y are ?us especially adapt$ = field use4 ,! illu/rations 7 drawn especially = ?is "w4 ,_! numb]1 sci5tific accuracy1 & c>eful execution add mu* to ! value & int]e/ ( ! book4 ,! g5]al ,key to ,l& & ,wat] ,birds & a v full index make ! book conv5i5t & s]viceable bo? = ! /udy & = field "w4 ,apg>'s ,birds ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w be s5t1 prepaid1 to any address on receipt ( ! price by ! ,publi%]s3 ,am]ican ,book ,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,c9c9nati 4 ,,*icago