,the ,investment of ,influence ,a ,study of ,social ,sympathy and ,service ,newell ,dwight ,hillis ,author of ,a ,man's ,value to ,society1 ,foretokens of ,immortality1 ,etc4 ,,new ,,york ,,chicago ,,toronto ,fleming ,h4 ,revell ,company ,,london ,,and ,,edinburgh ,,mcmxii ,copyright #ahig ,by ,fleming ,h4 ,revell ,company4 ,new ,york3 #aeh ,fifth ,avenue ,chicago3 #abe ,north ,wabash ,ave4 ,toronto3 #be ,richmond ,street1 ,w4 ,london3 #ba ,paternoster ,square ,edinburgh3 #ajj ,princes ,street ,,dedication ,many years have now passed since we first met4 ,during all this time you have been an unfailing guide and helper4 ,your friendship has doubled life's joys and halved its sorrows4 ,you have strengthened me where ,i was weak and weakened me where ,i was too strong4 ,you have borne my burdens and lent me strength to bear my own4 ,because ,i have learned from you in example1 what ,i here teach in precept1 ,i dedicate this book ,,to ,,you --whether toiling in field or forum1 in home or market place1 ,,to ,,you--,,my ,,friend ,,foreword4 ,the glory of our fathers was their emphasis of the principle of self-care and self-culture4 ,finding that he who first made the most of himself was best fitted to make something of others1 the teachers of yesterday unceasingly plied men with motives of personal responsibility4 ,influenced by the former generation1 our age has organized the principle of individualism into its home1 its school1 its market-place and forum4 ,by reason of the increase in gold1 books1 travel and personal luxuries1 some now feel that selfness is beginning to degenerate into selfishness4 ,the time1 therefore1 seems to have fully come when the principle of self-care should receive its complement through the principle of care for others4 ,these chapters assert the debt of wealth to poverty1 the debt of wisdom to ignorance1 the debt of strength to weakness4 ,if ,a ,man's ,value to ,society affirms the duty of self-culture and character1 these studies emphasize the law of social sympathy and social service4 ,newell ,dwight ,hillis4 ,,contents4 ,,chap4 ,i ,influence1 and the ,atmosphere ,man ,carries ,,ii ,life's ,great ,hearts1 and the ,helpfulness of the ,higher ,manhood ,,iii ,the ,investment of ,talent and ,its ,return ,,iv ,vicarious ,lives as ,instruments of ,social ,progress ,v ,genius1 and the ,debt of ,strength ,,vi ,the ,time ,element in ,individual ,character and ,social ,growth ,,vii ,the ,supremacy of ,heart ,over ,brain ,,viii ,renown ,through ,self-,renunciation ,,ix ,the ,gentleness of ,true ,gianthood ,x ,the ,thunder of ,silent ,fidelity3 a ,study of the ,influence of ,little ,things ,,xi ,influence1 and the ,strategic ,element in ,opportunity ,,xii ,influence1 and the ,principle of ,reaction in ,life and ,character ,,xiii ,the ,love that ,perfects ,life ,,xiv ,hope's ,harvest1 and the ,far-off ,interest of ,tears ,,influence1 ,,and ,,the ,,atmosphere ,,man ,,carries4 ,i do not believe the world is dying for new ideas4 ,a teacher has a high place amongst us1 but someone is wanted here and abroad far more than a teacher4 ,it is power we need1 power that shall help us to solve our practical problems1 power that shall help us to realize a high1 individual1 spiritual life1 power that shall make us daring enough to act out all we have seen in vision1 all we have learnt in principle from ,jesus ,christ4--,charles ,a4 ,berry4 ,and ,saul sent messengers to take ,david3 and when they saw the company of prophets prophesying1 and ,samuel standing as appointed over them1 the ,spirit of ,god was upon the messengers of ,saul1 and they also prophesied4 ,and when it was told ,saul1 he sent other messengers and they prophesied likewise4 ,and ,saul sent messengers again the third time1 and they prophesied also4 ,then went ,saul to ,ramah1 and he said1 ,where are ,samuel and ,david8 ,and one said1 ,behold they be at ,naioth4 ,and ,saul went thither1 and the ,spirit of ,god came on him also and he prophesied4 ,wherefore man said3 ,is ,saul also among the prophets8--,i4 ,samuel1 xix1 #bj-ba4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,influence1 ,,and ,,the ,,atmosphere ,,man ,,carries4 ,nature's forces carry their atmosphere4 ,the sun gushes forth light unquenchable2 coals throw off heat2 violets are larger in influence than bulb2 pomegranates and spices crowd the house with sweet odors4 ,man also has his atmosphere4 ,he is a force-bearer and a force-producer4 ,he journeys forward1 exhaling influences4 ,scientists speak of the magnetic circle4 ,artists express the same idea by the halo of light emanating from the divine head4 ,business men understand this principle1 those skilled in promoting great enterprises bring the men to be impressed into a room and create an atmosphere around them4 ,in measuring ,kossuth's influence over the multitudes that thronged and pressed upon him the historian said3 ,we must first reckon with the orator's physical bulk and then carry the measuring-line about his atmosphere4 ,thinking of the evil emanating from a bad man1 ,bunyan made ,apollyon's nostrils emit flames4 ,edward ,everett insists that ,daniel ,webster's eyes during his greatest speech literally emitted sparks4 ,had we tests fine enough we would doubtless find each man's personality the center of outreaching influences4 ,he himself may be utterly unconscious of this exhalation of moral forces1 as he is of the contagion of disease from his body4 ,but if light is in him he shines2 if darkness rules he shades1 if his heart glows with love he warms2 if frozen with selfishness he chills2 if corrupt he poisons2 if pure-hearted he cleanses4 ,we watch with wonder the apparent flight of the sun through space1 glowing upon dead planets1 shortening winter and bringing summer1 with birds1 leaves and fruits4 ,but that is not half so wonderful as the passage of a human heart1 glowing and sparkling with ten thousand effects1 as it moves through life4 ,the soul1 like the sun1 has its atmosphere1 and is over against its fellows1 for light1 warmth and transformation4 ,all great writers have had their incident of the atmosphere their hero carried4 ,centuries ago ,king ,saul sent his officers to arrest a seer who had publicly indicted the tyrant for outbreaking sins4 ,when the soldier entered the prophet's presence he was so profoundly affected by the majesty of his character that he forgot the commission and his lord's command1 asking rather to become the good man's protector4 ,likewise with the second group of soldiers--coming to arrest1 they remained to befriend4 ,then the ,king's anger was exceedingly hot against him who had become a conscience for the throne4 ,rushing forth from his palace1 like an angry lion from his lair1 the ,king sought the place where this man of ,god was teaching the people4 ,but1 lo6 when the ,king entered the brave man's presence his courage1 fidelity and integrity overcame ,saul and conquered him unto confession of his wickedness4 ,just here we may remember that stout-hearted ,pilate1 with a legion of mailed soldiers to protect him1 trembled and quaked before his silent prisoner4 ,and ,king ,agrippa on his throne was afraid1 when ,paul lifting his chains1 fronted him with words of righteousness and judgment4 ,carlyle says that in #ahdh1 during the riot in ,paris1 the mob swept down a street blazing with cannon1 killed the soldiers1 spiked the guns1 only to be stopped a few blocks beyond by an old1 white-haired man who uncovered and signaled for silence4 ,then the leader of the mob said3 ,citizens1 it is ,de la ,eure4 ,sixty years of pure life is about to address you6 ,a true man's presence transformed a mob that cannon could not conquer4 ,montaigne's illustration of atmosphere was ,julius ,caesar4 ,when the great ,roman was still a youth1 he was captured by pirates and chained to the oars as a galley-slave2 but ,caesar told stories1 sang songs1 declaimed with endless good humor4 ,chains bound ,caesar to the oars1 and his words bound the pirates to himself4 ,that night he supped with the captain4 ,the second day his knowledge of currents1 coasts and the route of treasure-ships made him first mate2 then he won the sailors over1 put the captain in irons1 and ruled the ship like a king2 soon after1 he sailed the ship as a prize into a ,roman port4 ,if this incident is credible1 a youth who in four days can talk the chains off his wrists1 talk himself into the captaincy1 talk a pirate ship into his own hands as booty1 is not to be accounted for by his eloquent words4 ,his speech was but a tithe of his power1 and wrought its spell only when personality had first created a sympathetic atmosphere4 ,only a fraction of a great man's character can manifest itself in speech2 for the character is inexpressibly finer and larger than his words4 ,the narrative of ,washington's exploits is the smallest part of his work4 ,sheer weight of personality alone can account for him4 ,happy the man of moral energy all compact1 whose mere presence1 like that of ,samuel1 the seer1 restrains others1 softens and transforms them4 ,this is a thing to be written on a man's tomb3 ,his presence made bad men good4 ,this mysterious bundle of forces called man1 moving through society1 exhaling blessings or blightings1 gets its meaning from the capacity of others to receive its influences4 ,man is not so wonderful in his power to mold other lives1 as in his readiness to be molded4 ,steel to hold1 he is wax to take4 ,the ,daguerrean plate and the ,aeolian harp do but meagerly interpret his receptivity4 ,therefore1 some philosophers think character is but the sum total of those many-shaped influences called climate1 food1 friends1 books1 industries4 ,as a lump of clay is lifted to the wheel by the potter's hand1 and under gentle pressure takes on the lines of a beautiful cup or vase1 so man sets forth a mere mass of mind2 soon1 under the gentle touch of love1 hope1 ambition1 he stands forth in the aspect of a ,cromwell1 a ,milton or a ,lincoln4 ,standing at the center of the universe1 a thousand forces come rushing in to report themselves to the sensitive soul-center4 ,there is a nerve in man that runs out to every room and realm in the universe4 ,only a tithe of the world's truth and beauty finds access to the lion or lark2 they look out as one in castle tower whose only window is a slit in the rock4 ,but man dwells in a glass dome2 to him the world lies open on every side4 ,every fact and force outside has a desk inside man where it makes up its reports4 ,the ear reports all sounds and songs2 the eye all sights and scenes2 the reason all arguments1 judgment each ought and ought not1 the religious faculty reports messages coming from a foreign clime4 ,man's mechanism stands at the center of the universe with telegraph-lines extending in every direction4 ,it is a marvelous pilgrimage he is making through life while myriad influences stream in upon him4 ,it is no small thing to carry such a mind for three-score years under the glory of the heavens1 through the glory of the earth1 midst the majesty of the summer and the sanctity of the winter1 while all things animate and inanimate rush in through open windows4 ,for one thus sensitively constituted every moment trembles with possibilities2 every hour is big with destiny4 ,the neglected blow cannot afterward be struck on the cold iron2 once the stamp is given to the soft metal it cannot be effaced4 ,well did ,ruskin say2 ,take your vase of ,venice glass out of the furnace and strew chaff over it in its transparent heat1 and recover that to its clearness and rubied glory when the north wind has blown upon it2 but do not think to strew chaff over the child fresh from ,god's presence and to bring the heavenly colors back to him--at least in this world4 ,we are accountable to ,god for our influence2 this it is that gives us pause4 ,gentle as is the atmosphere about us1 it presses with a weight of fourteen pounds to the square inch4 ,no infant's hand feels its weight2 no leaf of aspen or wing of bird detects this heavy pressure1 for the fluid air presses equally in all directions4 ,just so gentle1 yet powerful1 is the moral atmosphere of a good man as it presses upon and shapes his kind4 ,he who hath made man in his own image hath endowed him with this forceful presence4 ,ten-talent men1 eminent in knowledge and refinement1 eminent in art and wealth1 do1 indeed1 illustrate this4 ,proof also comes from obscurity1 as pearls from homely oyster shells4 ,working among the poor of ,london1 an ,english author searched out the life-career of an apple woman4 ,her history makes the story of kings and queens contemptible4 ,events had appointed her to poverty1 hunger1 cold and two rooms in a tenement4 ,but there were three orphan boys sleeping in an ash-box whose lot was harder4 ,she dedicated her heart and life to the little waifs4 ,during two and forty years she mothered and reared some twenty orphans--gave them home and bed and food2 taught them all she knew2 helped some to obtain a scant knowledge of the trades2 helped others off to ,canada and ,america4 ,the author says she had misshapen features1 but that an exquisite smile was on the dead face4 ,it must have been so4 ,she had a beautiful soul1 as ,emerson said of ,longfellow4 ,poverty disfigured the apple woman's garret1 and want made it wretched1 nevertheless1 ,god's most beautiful angels hovered over it4 ,her life was a blossom event in ,london's history4 ,social reform has felt her influence4 ,like a broken vase the perfume of her being will sweeten literature and society a thousand years after we are gone4 ,the ,greek poet says men knew when the goddess came to ,thebes because of the blessings she left in her track4 ,her footprints were not in the sea1 soon obliterated1 nor in the snow1 quickly melting1 but in fields and forests4 ,this unseen friend1 passing by the tree blackened by a thunderbolt1 stayed her step2 lo6 the woodbine sprang up and covered the tree's nakedness4 ,she lingered by the stagnant pool--the pool became a flowing spring4 ,she rested upon a fallen log--from decay and death came moss1 the snowdrop and the anemone4 ,at the crossing of the brook were her footprints2 not in mud downward1 but in violets that sprang up in her pathway4 ,o beautiful prophecy6 literally fulfilled #b1jjj years afterward in the life of the ,london apple woman1 whose atmosphere sweetened bitter hearts and made evil into good4 ,wealth and eminent position witness not less powerfully the transforming influence of exalted characters4 ,my lords1 said ,salisbury1 the reforms of this century have been chiefly due to the presence here of one man--,lord ,shaftesbury4 ,the genius of his life was expressed when last he addressed you4 ,he said3 ',when ,i feel age creeping upon me ,i am deeply grieved1 for ,i cannot bear to go away and leave the world with so much misery in it4' ,so long as ,shaftesbury lived1 ,england beheld a standing rebuke of all wrong and injustice4 ,how many iniquities shriveled up in his presence6 ,this man1 representing the noblest ancestry1 wealth and culture1 wrought numberless reforms4 ,he became a voice for the poor and weak4 ,he gave his life to reform acts and corn laws2 he emancipated the enslaved boys and girls toiling in mines and factories2 he exposed and made impossible the horrors of that inferno in which chimney-sweeps live2 he founded twoscore industrial1 ragged and trade schools2 he established shelters for the homeless poor2 when ,parliament closed its sessions at midnight ,lord ,shaftesbury went forth to search out poor prodigals sleeping under ,waterloo or ,blackfriars bridge1 and often in a single night brought a score to his shelter4 ,when the funeral cortege passed through ,pall ,mall and ,trafalgar square on its way to ,westminster ,abbey1 the streets for a mile and a half were packed with innumerable thousands4 ,the costermongers lifted a large banner on which were inscribed these words3 ,i was sick and in prison and ye visited me4 ,the boys from the ragged schools lifted these words2 ,i was hungry and naked and ye fed me4 ,all ,england felt the force of that colossal character4 ,to-day at that central point in ,piccadilly where the highways meet and thronging multitudes go surging by1 the ,english people have erected the statue of ,shaftesbury--the fitting motto therefor2 ,the reforms of this century have been chiefly due to the presence and influence of ,shaftesbury4 ,if our generation is indeed held back from injustice and anarchy and bloodshed1 it will be because ,shaftesbury the peer1 and ,samuel1 the seer1 are duplicated in the lives of our great men1 who stand forth to plead the cause of the poor and weak4 ,but man's atmosphere is equally potent to blight and to shrivel4 ,not time1 but man1 is the great destroyer4 ,history is full of the ruins of cities and empires4 ,innumerable ,paradises have come and gone2 ,adams and ,eves many1 happy one day1 have been miserable exiles the next2 and always because some satanic ambition or passion or person entering has cast baneful shadow o'er the scene4 ,men talk of the scythe of time and the tooth of time4 ,but1 said the art historian3 ,time is scytheless and toothless2 it is we who gnaw like the worm2 we who smite like the scythe4 ,fancy what treasures would be ours to-day if the delicate statues and temples of the ,greeks1 if the broad roads and massy walls of the ,romans1 if the noble architecture1 castles and towns of the ,middle ,ages had not been ground to dust by blind rage of man4 ,it is man that is the consumer2 he is moth and mildew and flame4 ,all the galleries and temples and libraries and cities have been destroyed by his baneful presence4 ,thrice armies have made an arsenal of the ,acropolis2 ground the precious marbles to powder1 and mixed their dust with his ashes4 ,it was man's ax and hammer that dashed down the carved work of cathedrals and turned the treasure cities into battle-fields1 and opened galleries to the mold of sea winds4 ,disobedience to law has made cities a heap and walled cities ruins4 ,man is the pestilence that walketh in darkness4 ,man is the destruction that wasteth at noonday4 ,when ,mephistopheles appears in human form his presence falls upon homes like the black pall of the consuming plague1 that robes cities for death4 ,the classic writer tells of an ,indian princess sent as a present to ,alexander the ,great4 ,she was lovely as the dawn2 yet what especially distinguished her was a certain rich perfume in her breath2 richer than a garden of ,persian roses4 ,a sage physician discovered her terrible secret4 ,this lovely woman had been reared upon poisons from infancy until she herself was the deadliest poison known4 ,when a handful of sweet flowers was given to her1 her bosom scorched and shriveled the petals2 when the rich perfume of her breath went among a swarm of insects1 a score fell dead about her4 ,a pet humming-bird entering her atmosphere1 shuddered1 hung for a moment in the air1 then dropped in its final agony4 ,her love was poison2 her embrace death4 ,this tale has held a place in literature because it stands for men of evil all compact1 whose presence has consumed integrities and exhaled iniquities4 ,happily the forces that bless are always more numerous and more potent than those that blight4 ,cast a bushel of chaff and one grain of wheat into the soil and nature will destroy all the chaff but cause the one grain of wheat to usher in rich harvests4 ,as a force-producer1 man's primary influence is voluntary in nature4 ,this is the capacity of purposely bringing all the soul's powers to bear upon society4 ,it is the foundation of all instruction4 ,the parent influences the child this way or that4 ,the artist-master plies his pupil4 ,the brave general or discoverer inspires and stimulates his men by multiform motives4 ,the charioteer holds the reins1 guides his steeds1 restrains or lifts the scourge4 ,similarly man holds the reins of influence over man1 and is himself in turn guided4 ,so friend shapes and molds friend4 ,this is what gives its meaning to conversation1 oratory1 journalism1 reforms4 ,each man stands at the center of a great network of voluntary influence for good4 ,through words1 bearing and gesture1 he sends out his energies4 ,oftentimes a single speech has effected great reforms4 ,oft one man's act has deflected the stream of the centuries4 ,full oft a single word has been like a switch that turns a train from the route running toward the frozen ,north1 to a track leading into the tropic ,south4 ,not seldom has a youth been turned from the way of integrity by the influence of a single friend4 ,endowed as man is1 the weight of his being effects the most astonishing results4 ,witness ,stratton's conversation with the drunken bookbinder whom we know as ,john ,b4 ,gough1 the apostle of temperance4 ,witness ,moffat's words that changed ,david ,livingstone1 the weaver1 into ,david ,livingstone1 the savior of ,africa4 ,witness ,garibaldi's words fashioning the ,italian mob into the conquering army4 ,witness ,garrison and ,beecher and ,phillips and ,john ,bright4 ,rivers1 winds1 forces of fire and steam are impotent compared to those energies of mind and heart1 that make men equal to transforming whole communities and even nations4 ,who can estimate the soul's conscious power8 ,who can measure the light and heat of last summer8 ,who can gather up the rays of the stars8 ,who can bring together the odors of last year's orchards8 ,there are no mathematics for computing the influence of man's voluntary thought1 affection and aspiration upon his fellows4 ,man has also an unpurposed influence4 ,power goes forth without his distinct volition4 ,like all centers of energy1 the soul does its best work automatically4 ,the sun does not think of lifting the mist from the ocean1 yet the vapor moves skyward4 ,often man is ignorant of what he accomplishes upon his fellows1 but the results are the same4 ,he is surcharged with energy4 ,accomplishing much by plan1 he does more through unconscious weight of personality4 ,in wonder-words we are told the apostle purposely wrought deeds of mercy upon the poor4 ,yet through his shadow falling on the weak and sick as he passed by1 he unconsciously wrought health and hope in men4 ,in like manner it is said that while ,jesus ,christ was seeking to comfort the comfortless1 involuntarily virtue went out of him to strengthen one who did but touch the hem of his garment4 ,character works with or without consent4 ,the selfish man fills his office with a malign atmosphere2 his very presence chills like a cold1 clammy day4 ,suspicious people fill all the circle in which they live with envy and jealousy4 ,moody men distribute gloom and depression2 hopelessness drains off high spirits as cold iron draws the heat from the hand4 ,domineering men provoke rebellion and breed endless irritations4 ,great hearts there are also among men2 they carry a volume of manhood2 their presence is sunshine1 their coming changes our climate2 they oil the bearings of life2 their shadow always falls behind them2 they make right living easy4 ,blessed are the happiness-makers6--they represent the best forces in civilization4 ,they are to the heart and home what the honeysuckle is to the door over which it clings4 ,these embodied gospels interpret ,christianity4 ,jenny ,lind explains a sheet of printed music--and a royal ,christian heart explains1 and is more than a creed4 ,little wonder1 when ,christianity is incarnated in a mother1 that the youth worships her as though she were an angel4 ,someone has likened a church full of people to a box of unlighted candles2 latent light is there2 if they were only kindled and set burning they would be lights indeed4 ,what ,god asks for is luminous ,christians and living gospels4 ,another form of influence continues after death1 and may be called unconscious immortality or conserved social energy4 ,personality is organized into instruments1 tools1 books1 institutions4 ,over these forms of activity death and years have no power for destroying4 ,the swift steamboat and the flying train tell us that ,watt and ,stephenson are still toiling for men4 ,every foreign cablegram reminds us that ,cyrus ,field has just returned home4 ,the merchant who organizes a great business sends down to the generations his personality1 prudence1 wisdom and executive skill4 ,the names of inventors may now be on moldering tombstones1 but their busy fingers are still weaving warm textures for the world's poor4 ,the gardener of ,hampton court1 who1 in old age1 wished to do yet one more helpful deed1 and planted with elms and oaks the roadway leading to the historic house1 still lives in those columnar trees1 and all the long summer through distributes comfort and refreshment4 ,every man who opens up a roadway into the wilderness2 every engineer throwing a bridge over icy rivers for weary travelers2 every builder rearing abodes of peace1 happiness and refinement for his generation2 every smith forging honest plates that hold great ships in time of storm1 every patriot that redeems his land with blood2 every martyr forgotten and dying in his dungeon that freedom might never perish2 every teacher and discoverer who has gone into lands of fever and miasma to carry liberty1 intelligence and religion to the ignorant1 still walks among men1 working for society and is unconsciously immortal4 ,this is fame4 ,life hath no holier ambition4 ,some there are who1 denied opportunity1 have sought out those ambitious to learn1 and1 educating them1 have sent their own personality out through artists1 jurists or authors they have trained4 ,herein is the test of the greatness of editor or statesman or merchant4 ,he has so incarnated his ideas or methods in his helpers that1 while his body is one1 his spirit has many-shaped forms2 so that his journal1 or institution1 or party feels no jar nor shock in his death1 but moves quietly forward because he is still here living and working in those into whom his spirit is incarnated4 ,death ends the single life1 but our multiplied life in others survives4 ,the supreme example of atmosphere and influence is ,jesus ,christ4 ,his was a force mightier than intellect4 ,wherever he moved a light ne'er seen on land nor sea shone on man4 ,it was more than eminent beauty or supreme genius4 ,his scepter was not through cunning of brain or craft of hand2 reality was his throne4 ,therefore1 said ,charles ,lamb1 if ,shakespeare should enter the room we should rise and greet him uncovered1 but kneeling meet the ,nazarene4 ,his gift cannot be bought nor commanded2 but his secret and charm may be ours4 ,acceptance1 obedience1 companionship with him--these are the keys of power4 ,the legend is1 that so long as the ,grecian hero touched the ground1 he was strong2 and measureless the influence of him who ever dwells in ,christ's atmosphere4 ,man grows like those he loves4 ,if great men come in groups1 there is always a greater man in the midst of the company from whom they borrowed eminence--,socrates and his disciples2 ,cromwell and his friends2 ,coleridge and his company2 ,emerson and the ,boston group2 high over all the twelve disciples and the ,name above every name4 ,perchance1 in vision-hour1 over against the man you are he will show you the man he would fain have you become2 thereby comes greatness4 ,for value is not in iron1 but in the pattern that molds it2 beauty is not in the pigments1 but in the ideal that blends them2 strength is not in the stone or marble1 but in the plan of architect2 greatness is not in wisdom1 nor wealth1 nor skill1 but in the divine ,christ who works up these raw materials of character4 ,forevermore the secret of eminence is the secret of the ,messiah4 ,,life',s ,,great ,,hearts1 ,,and ,,the ,,helpfulness ,,of ,,the ,,higher ,,manhood4 ,heaven doth with us as we with torches do1 ,not light them for themselves1 for if our virtues ,did not go forth of us1 'twere all alike ,as if we had them not4 ,spirits are not finely touched ,but to fine issues1 nor ,nature never lends ,the smallest scruple of her excellence1 ,but1 like a thrifty goddess1 she determines ,herself the glory of a creditor-- ,both thanks and use4--,measure for ,measure4 ,a man was born1 not for prosperity1 but to suffer for the benefit of others1 like the noble rock maple1 which1 all round our villages1 bleeds for the service of man4--,emerson4 ,everything cries out to us that we must renounce4 ,thou must go without1 go without6 ,that is the everlasting song which every hour1 all our life through1 hoarsely sings to us3 ,die1 and come to life2 for so long as this is not accomplished thou art but a troubled guest upon an earth of gloom4--,goethe4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,life',s ,,great ,,hearts1 ,,and ,,the ,,helpfulness ,,of ,,the ,,higher ,,manhood4 ,the oases in the ,arabian desert lie under the lee of long ridges of rock4 ,the high cliffs extending from north to south are barriers against the drifting sand4 ,standing on the rocky summit the seer ,isaiah beheld a sea whose yellow waves stretched to the very horizon4 ,by day the winds were still1 for the pitiless ,asiatic sun made the desert a furnace whose air rose upward4 ,but when night falls the wind rises4 ,then the sand begins to drift4 ,soon every object lies buried under yellow flakes4 ,anon1 sandstorms arise4 ,then the sole hope for man is to fall upon his face2 the sky rains bullets4 ,then appears the ministry of the rocks4 ,they stay the drifting sand4 ,to the yellow sea they say3 ,thus far1 but no farther4 ,desolation is held back4 ,soon the land under the lee of the rocks becomes rich4 ,it is fed by springs that seep out of the cliffs4 ,it becomes a veritable oasis with figs and olives and vineyards and aromatic shrubs4 ,here dwell the sheik and his flocks4 ,hither come the caravans seeking refreshment4 ,in all the ,orient no spot so beautiful as the oasis under the shadow of the rocks4 ,long centuries ago1 while ,isaiah rejoiced under the beneficent ministry of these cliffs1 his thoughts went out from dead rocks to living men4 ,in his vision he saw good men as ,great ,hearts1 to whom crowded close the weak and ignorant1 seeking protection4 ,sheltered thereby barren lives were nourished into bounty and beauty4 ,with leaping heart and streaming eyes he cried out2 ,o1 what a desert is life but for the ministry of the higher manhood6 ,to what shall ,i liken a good man8 ,a man shall be as the shadow of a great rock in a weary land2 a shelter in the time of storm6 ,optimists always1 we believe ,god's world is a good world4 ,joy is more than sorrow2 happiness outweighs misery2 the reasons for living are more numerous than the reasons against it4 ,but let the candid mind confess that life hath aspects very desert-like4 ,today prosperity grows like a fruitful tree2 to-morrow adversity's hot winds wither every leaf4 ,god plants companion1 child1 or friend in the life-garden2 but death blasts the tree under which the soul finds shelter2 then begins the desert pilgrimage4 ,soon comes loss of health2 then the wealth of ,croesus availeth not for refreshing sleep1 and the wisdom of ,solomon is vanity and vexation of spirit4 ,the common people1 too1 know blight and blast2 their life is full of mortal toil and strife1 its fruitage grief and pain4 ,temptations and evil purposes are the chief blights4 ,when the fiery passion hath passed the soul is like a city swept by a conflagration4 ,each night we go before the judgment seat4 ,reason hears the case2 memory gives evidence2 conscience convicts1 each faculty goes to the left2 self-respect pushes us out of paradise into the desert2 and the angels of our better nature guard the gates with flaming swords4 ,a journey among men is like a journey through some land after the cyclone has made the village a heap and the harvest fields a waste4 ,an outlook upon the generations reminds us of a highway along which the retreating army has passed1 leaving abandoned guns and silent cannon with men dead and dying4 ,travelers from tropical ,mexico describe ruined cities and lovely villages away from which civilized men journey1 leaving temples and terraced gardens to moss and ivy4 ,the deserted valleys are rich in tropic fruits and the climate soft and gentle4 ,yet ,aztecs left the garden to journey northward into the deserts of ,arizona and ,new ,mexico4 ,often for the soul paradise is not before1 but behind4 ,shakespeare condenses all this in ,king ,lear4 ,avarice closes the palace doors against the white-haired ,king4 ,greed pushes him into the night to wander o'er the wasted moor1 an exiled king1 uncrowned and uncared for4 ,in such hours garden becomes desert4 ,this is the drama of man's life4 ,the soul thirsts for sympathy4 ,it hungers for love4 ,baffled and broken it seeks a great heart4 ,for the pilgrim multitudes ,moses was the shadow on a great rock in a weary land4 ,for poor1 hunted ,david1 ,jonathan was a covert in time of storm4 ,savonarola1 ,luther1 ,cromwell sheltered perishing multitudes4 ,solitary in the midst of the vale in which death will soon dig a grave for each of us stands the immortal ,christ1 the shadow of a great rock in a weary land4 ,that ,infinite ,being who hath made man in his own image hath endowed the soul with full power to transform the desert into an oasis4 ,the soul carries wondrous implements4 ,it is given to reason to carry fertility where ignorance and fear and superstition have wrought desolation4 ,it is given to inventive skill to search out wellsprings and smite rocks into living water4 ,it is given to affection to hive sweetness like honeycombs4 ,it is given to wit and imagination to produce perpetual joy and gladness4 ,it is given to love in the person of a ,duff1 a ,judson1 and a ,xavier to transform dark continents4 ,great is the power of love6 ,no abandoned boy in the city1 no red man in the mountains1 no negro in ,africa can resist its sweet solicitude4 ,it undermines like a wave1 it rends like an earthquake1 it melts like a fire1 it inspires like music1 it binds like a chain1 it detains like a good story1 it cheers like a sunbeam4 ,no other power is immeasurable4 ,for things have only partial influence over living men4 ,forests1 fields1 skies1 tools1 occupations1 industries--these all stop in the outer court of the soul4 ,it is given to affection alone to enter the sacred inner precincts4 ,but once the good man comes his power is irresistible4 ,witness ,arnold among the schoolboys at ,rugby4 ,witness ,garibaldi and his peasant soldiers4 ,witness the ,scottish chief and his devoted clan4 ,witness artist pupils inflamed by their masters4 ,what a noble group is that headed by ,horace ,mann1 ,garrison1 ,phillips and ,lincoln6 ,general ,booth belongs to a like group4 ,what a ministry of mercy and fertility and protection have these great hearts wrought6 ,great hearts become a shelter in time of storm4 ,all social reforms begin with some great heart4 ,much now is being said of the destitution in the poorer districts of great cities4 ,dante saw a second hell deeper than hell itself4 ,each great modern city hath its inferno4 ,here dwell costermongers1 rag-pickers and street-cleaners2 here the sweater hath his haunts4 ,huge rookeries and tenements1 whose every brick exudes filth1 teem with miserable folk4 ,each room has one or more families1 from the second cellar at the bottom to the garret at the top4 ,no greensward1 no park1 no blade of grass4 ,whole districts are as bare of beauty as an enlarged ash-heap4 ,here children are spawned1 not born1 and die like flies4 ,here men and women grow bitter4 ,here anarchy grows rank4 ,and to such a district in one great city has gone a man of the finest scholarship and the highest position1 to become the friend of the poor4 ,with him is his bosom friend1 having wealth and culture1 with pictures1 marbles and curios4 ,every afternoon they invite several hundred poor women to spend an hour in the conservatory among the flowers4 ,every evening with stereopticon they take a thousand boys or men upon a journey to ,italy or ,egypt or ,japan4 ,the kindergartens1 public schools and art exhibits cause these women and children to forget for a time their misery4 ,one hour daily is redeemed from sorrow to joy by beautiful things and kindly surroundings4 ,love and sympathy have sheltered them from life's fierce heat4 ,bitter lives are slowly being sweetened4 ,springs are being opened in the desert4 ,these great hearts have become the shadow of a great rock in a weary land4 ,the ,russian reformer1 novelist and philanthropist1 had an experience that profoundly influenced his career4 ,famine had wrought great suffering in ,russia4 ,one day the good poet passed a beggar on the street corner4 ,stretching out gaunt hands1 with blue lips and watery eyes1 the miserable creature asked an alms4 ,quickly the author felt for a copper4 ,he turned his pockets inside out4 ,he was without purse or ring or any gift4 ,then the kind man took the beggar's hand in both of his and said3 ,do not be angry with me1 brother1 ,i have nothing with me6 ,the gaunt face lighted up2 the man lifted his bloodshot eyes2 his blue lips parted in a smile4 ,but you called me brother--that was a great gift4 ,returning an hour later he found the smile he had kindled still lingered on the beggar's face4 ,his body had been cold2 kindness had made his heart warm4 ,the good man was as a covert in time of storm4 ,history and experience exhibit now and then a man as unyielding as rock in friendships4 ,years ago a gifted youth began his literary career4 ,wealth1 travel1 friends1 all good gifts were his4 ,one day a friend handed him a telegram containing news of his father's death4 ,then the mother faded away4 ,the youth was alone in the world4 ,in that hour evil companions gathered around him4 ,they spoiled him of his fresh innocency4 ,they taught the delicate boy to listen to salacity without blushing4 ,soon coarse quips and rude jests ceased to shock him4 ,he thought to see life by seeing the wrecks of manhood and womanhood4 ,but does one study architecture by visiting hovels and squalid cabins8 ,is not studying architecture seeing the finest mansions and galleries and cathedrals8 ,so to see life is to see manhood at its best and womanhood when carried up to culture and beauty4 ,wasting his fortune this youth wasted also his friendships4 ,one man loved him for his father's sake4 ,for several years every ,saturday night witnessed this man of oak and rock going from den to den looking for his old friend's boy4 ,one day he wrote the youth a letter telling him1 whether or not he found him1 so long as he lived he would be looking for him every ,saturday night in hope of redeeming him again to integrity4 ,what nothing else could do love did4 ,kindness wrought its miracle4 ,clasping hands the man and boy climbed back again to the heights4 ,at first the integrity was at best a poor1 sickly plant4 ,but his friend was a refuge in time of storm4 ,a good man became the shadow of a great rock in life's weary land4 ,our age is specially interested in the relation of happiness to the street1 the market and counting-room4 ,we have not yet acknowledged the responsibility of strength4 ,not always have our giant minds confessed the debt of power to weakness2 the debt of wisdom to ignorance2 the debt of wealth to poverty2 the debt of holiness to iniquity4 ,jesus ,christ was the first to incarnate this principle4 ,by so much as the parent is wiser than the babe for building a protecting shield for happiness and well-being1 by that much is the mother indebted to her babe4 ,why is one man more successful than another in the street's fierce conflict8 ,because he has more resources2 is prudent1 thrifty1 quick to seize upon opportunity1 sagacious1 keen of judgment4 ,all these qualities are birth-gifts4 ,the ancestral foothills slope upward toward the mountain-minded4 ,and what do these distinguished mental qualities involve8 ,recognizing the responsibility of men of leisure and wealth1 ,john ,ruskin said3 ,shall one by breadth and sweep of sight gather some branch of the commerce of the country into one great cobweb of which he is himself to be the master spider1 making every thread vibrate with the points of his claws1 and commanding every avenue with the facets of his eyes8 ,shall the industrial or political giant say3 ,here is the power in my hand2 weakness owes me a debt8 ,build a mound here for me to be throned upon4 ,come1 weave tapestries for my feet that ,i may tread in silk and purple2 dance before me that ,i may be glad1 and sing sweetly to me that ,i may slumber4 ,so shall ,i live in joy and die in honor4 ,rather than such an honorable death1 it were better that the day perish wherein such strength was born4 ,rather let the great mind become also the great heart1 and stretch out his scepter over the heads of the common people that stoop to its waving4 ,let me help you subdue the obstacle that baffled our fathers1 and put away the plagues that consume our children4 ,let us together water these dry places2 plow these desert moons2 carry this food to those who are in hunger2 carry this light to those who are in darkness2 carry this life to those who are in death4 ,superiority is to make erring men unerring and slow minds swift4 ,then1 indeed1 comes the better day--pray ,god it be not far off--when strength uses its wealth as the net of the sacred fisher to gather souls of men out of the deep4 ,in overplus of strength we have the measure of a man's greatness4 ,soul-power is resource for finding and feeding the hidden springs of life and thought in others4 ,not all have the same capacity4 ,the ,lord of the vineyard still sends into the white fields ten-talent men1 two-talent men and one-talent men4 ,each hath his own task1 and each must grasp the handle of his own being4 ,genius is widely distributed4 ,not many ,platos--only one1 and then a thousand lesser minds look up to him and learn to think4 ,not many ,dantes--one1 and a thousand poets tune their lyres to his and catch its notes4 ,not many ,raphaels--one1 and a thousand aspiring artists look up to him and are lifted by the look4 ,not many royal hearts--great magazines of kindness4 ,few are great in heart-power1 effulging all sweet and generous qualities4 ,happy the community blessed with1 a few great hearts and a few great minds4 ,one such will civilize a whole community4 ,classic literature charmed our childhood with the story of an ,arabian sheik4 ,he dwelt in an oasis near the edge of the desert4 ,wealth was his1 with flocks and herds and wedges of gold4 ,one night sleep forsook his couch4 ,yet the gurgle of falling water was in his ear4 ,the odors of the vineyard were in his nostril2 and to-morrow his servants would begin to gather the abundant harvest4 ,ten miles away ran the track of the caravan where his herdsmen had found a traveler dead from the fierce heat of the desert4 ,yonder the desert and a dying traveler2 here an oasis with living water4 ,then the sheik arose2 he bade his servants fill two leathern water-bottles and bring a basket full of figs and grapes4 ,the next day a caravan came to a booth protecting two water-bottles sunk in the sand4 ,beside them were bunches of fruit4 ,on a roll were these words3 ,while ,god gives me life each day shall a man be--as springs of water in a desert place4 ,this beautiful story interprets for us the ministry of the higher manhood1 as the great heart becomes the shadow of a great rock in a weary land4 ,this law of human helpfulness asks each man to carry himself so as to bless and not blight men1 to make and not mar them4 ,besides the great ends of attaining character here and immortality hereafter1 we are bound to so administer our talents as to make right living easy and smooth for others4 ,happy is he whose soul automatically oils all the machinery of the home1 the market and the street4 ,and this ambition to be universally helpful must not be a transient and occasional one--here and there an hour's friendship1 a passing hint of sympathy1 a transient gleam of kindness4 ,heart helpfulness is to enter into the fundamental conceptions of our living4 ,with vigilant care man is to expel every element that vexes or irritates or chafes just as the husbandman expels nettles and poison ivy from fruitful gardens4 ,for nothing is so easily wrecked as the soul4 ,as mechanisms go up toward complexity1 delicacy increases4 ,the fragile vase is ruined by a single tap4 ,a chance blow destroys the statue4 ,a bit of sand ruins the delicate mechanism4 ,but the soul is even more sensitive to injury4 ,it is marred by a word or a look4 ,men are responsible for the ruin they work unthinkingly6 ,to-day the engine drops a spark behind it4 ,to-morrow that engine is a thousand miles away4 ,yet the spark left behind is now a column of fire mowing down the forests4 ,and that devastating column belongs not to another1 but to that engine that hath journeyed far4 ,thus the evil man does lives after him4 ,the condemnation of life is that a man hath carried friction and stirred up malign elements and sowed fiery discords1 so that the gods track him by the swath of destruction he hath cut through life4 ,the praise of life is that a man hath exhaled bounty and stimulus and joy and gladness wherever he journeys4 ,to-day noble examples and ten thousand precepts unite in urging every one to become a great heart4 ,every individual must bring together his little group of pilgrim friends1 companions1 employes1 using whatever he has of wisdom and skill for guiding those who follow him on their desert march4 ,for happiness is through helpfulness4 ,every morning let us build a booth to shelter someone from life's fierce heat4 ,every noon let us dig some life-spring for thirsty lips4 ,every night let us be food for the hungry and shelter for the cold and naked4 ,the law of the higher manhood asks man to be a great heart1 the shadow of a rock in a weary land4 ,,the ,,investment ,,of ,,talent ,,and ,,its ,,return4 ,the universal blunder of this world is in thinking that there are certain persons put into the world to govern and certain others to obey4 ,everybody is in this world to govern and everybody to obey4 ,there are no benefactors and no beneficiaries in distinct classes4 ,every man is at once both benefactor and beneficiary4 ,every good deed you do you ought to thank your fellowman for giving you an opportunity to do2 and they ought to be thankful to you for doing it4--,phillips ,brooks4 ,pity is love and something more2 love at its utmost4--,t4 ,t4 ,munger1 ,freedom of ,faith4 ,the great idea that the ,bible is the history of mankind's deliverance from all tyranny1 outward as well as inward1 of the ,jews1 as the one free constitutional people among a world of slaves and tyrants1 of their ruin1 as the righteous fruit of a voluntary return to despotism2 of the ,new ,testament1 as the good news that freedom1 brotherhood1 equality1 once confided only to ,judea and to ,greece1 and dimly seen even there1 was henceforth to be the right of all mankind1 the law of all society--who was there to tell me that8 ,who is there now to go forth and tell it to the millions who have suffered and doubted and despaired like me1 and turn the hearts of the disobedient to the wisdom of the just1 before the great and terrible day of the ,lord come8 ,again ,i ask--who will go forth and preach that gospel and save his native land8--,charles ,kingsley1 ,alton ,locke4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,the ,,investment ,,of ,,talent ,,and ,,its ,,return4 ,in all ages man has been stimulated to sowing by the certainty of reaping4 ,tomorrow's sheaves and shoutings support to-day's tearful sowing4 ,certainty of victory wins battles before they are fought4 ,armed with confidence patriots have beaten down stone castles with naked fists4 ,uncertainty makes the heart sick1 takes nerve out of arm and tension out of thought4 ,the mere rumor of war along the border-lines of nations destroys enterprise and industry4 ,men will not plow if warhorses are to trample down the ripe grain4 ,men will not build if the enemy are to warm hands over blazing rafters4 ,why should the husbandman plant vines if others are to wrest away his fruit8 ,the individual and the race need the stimulus of hope and a rational basis of security that nothing shall cut the connection between the causes sown and the effects to be reaped4 ,therefore1 the divine word3 ,send forth thy gift and talent1 and nature and providence shall invest it securely and give the talent back with interest and increase4 ,what a promise for civilization was that of ,christ3 ,give and it shall be given unto you6 ,let the husbandman give his seed to the furrows2 soon the furrows will give back big bundles into the sower's arms4 ,let the vintner give the sweat of his brow to the vines2 soon the vines will give back the rich purple floods4 ,give thy thought1 ,o husbandman6 to the wild rice2 soon nature will give back the rice plump wheat4 ,give thyself1 ,o inventor6 to the raw ores1 and nature will give thee the forceful tools4 ,give thyself1 ,o reformer6 to the desert world2 soon the world-desert will be given back a world-garden4 ,give sparingly to nature1 and sparingly shalt thou receive again4 ,give bountifully1 and bounty shall be given back4 ,give scant thought and drag but one plank to the stream1 and thou shalt receive only a narrow bridge across the brook4 ,give abundant thought to wires and cables and buttresses1 and nature will give the bridge across the ,firth of ,forth4 ,give ,god thy one talent and1 investing it1 he returns ten4 ,give the cup of cold water and thou shalt have rivers of water of life4 ,share thy crust and thy cloak1 and thou shall have banquet and robe and house of many mansions4 ,this is the pledge of nature and ,god3 ,give1 and good measure pressed down and shaken together1 shalt thou receive of celestial reapers4 ,the history of progress is the history of ,christ's challenge and man's response4 ,christianity deals in universal4 ,its principles are not local nor racial nor temporary4 ,they are meridian lines taking in all forces1 men and movements4 ,nature1 too1 saith3 ,give and it shall be given unto you4 ,the sun gives heat to the forests1 and afterward the burning coal and tree give heat back to the heavens2 the arctics give icebergs and frigid streams for cooling the fierce tropics1 and the tropics give back the warm ,gulf ,stream4 ,the soil in the spring gives its treasures to the growing tree1 and in the autumn the tree gives its leaves to make the soil richer and deeper4 ,personal also is this principle4 ,give thy body food and thy body will give thee mental strength4 ,give thy blow to the ax1 and the ax will return the fallen tree1 with strong tools for thy arm4 ,give thy brain sleep and rest and thy brain will give thy thought nimbleness4 ,give thy mind to rocks1 and the rock pages will give thee wealth of wisdom4 ,give thy thought to the fire and water1 and they will give thee an engine stronger than tamed lions4 ,give thy scrutiny to the thunderbolt leaping from the east to the west1 and the lightnings shall give themselves back to thee as noiseless and gentle and obedient as the sunlight4 ,give thy mind to books and libraries1 and the literature and lore of the ages will give thee the wisdom of sage and seer4 ,let some hero give his love and self-sacrificing service to the poor in prisons1 and society will give him in return1 monuments and grateful memory4 ,give thy obedience to conscience1 and ,god1 whom conscience serves1 will give ,himself to thee4 ,being a natural principle1 this law is also spiritual4 ,standing by his mother's knee each child hears the story of the echo4 ,the boy visiting in the mountains1 when he called aloud found that he was mocked by a hidden stranger boy4 ,the insult made him very angry4 ,so he shouted back insults and epithets4 ,but each of these bad words was returned to him from the rocks above4 ,with bitter tears the child returned to his mother1 who sent him back to give the hidden stranger kind words and affectionate greetings4 ,lo6 the stranger now echoed back his kindliness4 ,thus society echoes back each temperament and each career4 ,evermore man receives what he first gives to nature and society and ,god4 ,history is rich in interpretation of this principle4 ,in every age man has received from society what he has given to society4 ,this continent lay waiting for ages for the seed of civilization4 ,at length the sower went forth to sow4 ,landing in midwinter upon a bleak coast1 the fathers gave themselves to cutting roads1 draining swamps1 subduing grasses1 rearing villages1 until all the land was sown with the good seed of liberty and ,christian civilization4 ,afterward1 when tyranny threatened liberty1 these worthies in defending their institutions gave life itself4 ,dying1 they bequeathed their treasures to after generations4 ,at length an enemy1 darkling1 lifted weapons for destroying4 ,would these who had received institutions nourished with blood1 give life-blood in return8 ,the uprising of #ahfa is the answer4 ,then the people rose as one man1 the plow stood in the furrow1 the hammer fell from the hand1 workroom and college hall were alike deserted--a half-million men laid down their lives upon many a battle-field4 ,similarly1 the honor given to ,washington during these last few days tells us that the patriot who gives shall receive4 ,from the day when the young ,virginian entered the ,indian forests with ,braddock to the day when he lay dying at ,mount ,vernon the patriot gave his health1 his wealth1 his time1 his life1 a living sacrifice through eight and forty years4 ,now every year the people1 rising up early and sitting up late1 rehearse to their children the story of his life and work4 ,having given himself1 honor shall he receive through all the ages4 ,to ,abraham ,lincoln also came the word3 ,give and thou shall receive6 ,sitting in the ,white ,house the ,president proclaimed equal rights to black and white4 ,then1 with shouts of joy1 three million slaves entered the temple of liberty4 ,but they bore the emancipator upon their shoulders and enshrined him forever in the temple of fame1 where he who gave bountifully shall receive bountiful honor through all the ages4 ,there1 too1 in the far-off past stands an uplifted cross4 ,flinging wide his arms this crowned sufferer sought to lift the world back to his ,father's side4 ,in life he gave his testimony against hypocrisy1 ,phariseeism and cruelty4 ,for years he gave himself to the publican1 the sinner1 the prodigal1 the poor in mind or heart1 and so came at length to his pitiless execution4 ,but1 having given himself in abandon of love1 the world straightway gave itself in return4 ,every one of his twelve disciples determined to achieve a violent death for the ,christ who gave himself for them4 ,paul was beheaded in ,rome4 ,john was tortured in ,patmos4 ,andrew and ,james were crucified in ,asia4 ,the rest were mobbed1 or stoned1 or tortured to death4 ,and as years sped on man kept giving4 ,multitudes went forth1 burning for him in the tropics1 freezing for him in the arctics2 threading for him the forest paths1 braving for him the swamps1 that they might serve his little ones4 ,he gave himself for the world1 and the world1 in a passion of love1 will yet give itself back to him4 ,recently the officials of the commonwealth of ,massachusetts and the noblest citizens of ,boston assembled for celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of ,george ,peabody4 ,for a like purpose the citizens of ,london came together in banquet hall4 ,now1 the banker had long been dead4 ,nor did he leave children to keep his name before the public4 ,how shall we account for two continents giving him such praise and fame8 ,george ,peabody received from his fellows1 because he first gave to his fellows4 ,to his genius for accumulation he added the genius of distribution4 ,his large gifts to ,harvard and ,yale1 to ,salem and ,peabody1 made to science and art as well as to philanthropy and religion1 secured perpetual remembrance4 ,when the public credit of the ,state of ,maryland was endangered1 he negotiated #h1jjj1jjj in ,london and gave his entire commission of #bjj1jjj back to the ,state4 ,he who gave #c1ejj1jjj for founding schools and colleges in the ,south for black and white1 could not but receive honor and praise4 ,therefore the eulogies pronounced by the legislators in ,annapolis4 ,as a banker in ,london he was disturbed by the sorrows of the poor1 and for months gave himself to an investigation of the tenement-house system1 developing the ,peabody ,tenements1 to which he gave #b1ejj1jjj1 and helped #bj1jjj people to remove from dens into buildings that were light and sweet and wholesome4 ,therefore when he died in ,london the ,english nation that had received from him gave to him1 and1 for the first time in history1 the gates of ,westminster ,abbey were thrown open for the funeral services of a foreigner4 ,therefore1 the ,prime ,minister of ,england selected the swiftest frigate in the ,english navy for carrying his body back to his native land4 ,his generosity radiated in every direction1 not in trickling rivulets1 but in copious streams4 ,bountifully he gave to men2 therefore1 through innumerable orations1 sermons1 editorials and toasts1 men vied with each other in giving praise and honor back to ,peabody1 the benefactor of the people4 ,society1 always sensitive to generosity1 is equally sensitive to selfishness4 ,he who treats his fellows as so many clusters to be squeezed into his cup1 who spoils the world for self aggrandizement1 finds at last that he has burglarized his own soul4 ,here is a man who says3 ,come right1 come wrong1 ,i will get gain4 ,loving ease1 he lashes himself to unceasing toil by day and night4 ,needing rest on ,sunday1 he denies himself respite and scourges his jaded body and brain into new activities4 ,every thought is a thread to be woven into a golden net4 ,he lifts his life to strike as miners lift their picks4 ,he swings his body as harvesters their scythes4 ,he will make himself an augur for boring1 a chisel for drilling1 a muck-rake for scratching1 if only he may get gain4 ,he will sweat and swelter and burn in the tropics until malaria has made his face as yellow as gold1 if thereby he can fill his purse1 and for a like end he will shiver and ache in the arctics4 ,he will deny his ear music1 he will deny his mind culture1 he will deny his heart friendship that he may coin concerts and social delights into cash4 ,at length the shortness of breath startles him2 the stoppage of blood alarms him4 ,then he retires to receive--what8 ,to receive from nature that which he has given to nature4 ,once he denied his ear melody1 and now taste in return denies him pleasure4 ,once he denied his mind books1 and now books refuse to give him comfort4 ,once he denied himself friendship1 and now men refuse him their love4 ,having received nothing from him1 the great world has no investment to return to him4 ,such a life1 entering the harbor of old age1 is like unto a bestormed ship with empty coal bins1 whose crew fed the furnace1 first with the cargo and then with the furniture1 and reached the harbor1 having made the ship a burned-cut shell4 ,god buries the souls of many men long years before their bodies are carried to the graveyard4 ,this principle tells us why nature and society are so prodigal with treasures to some men and so niggardly to others4 ,what a different thing a forest is to different men6 ,he who gives the ax receives a mast4 ,he who gives taste receives a picture4 ,he who gives imagination receives a poem4 ,he who gives faith hears the goings of ,god in the tree-tops4 ,the charcoal-burner fronts an oak for finding out how many cords of wood are in it1 as the ,goths of old fronted peerless temples for estimating how many huts they could quarry from the stately pile4#a ,but an artist curses the woodsman for making the tree food for ax and saw4 ,it has become to him as sacred as the cathedral within which he bares his head4 ,it is a temple where birds praise ,god4 ,it is a harp with endless music for the summer winds4 ,it fills his eye with beauty and his ear with rustling melodies4 ,for the poet that selfsame oak is enshrined in a thousand noble associations4 ,it sings for him like a hymn2 it shines like a vision2 it suggests ships1 storms and ocean battles2 the spear of ,launcelot1 the forests of ,arden2 old baronial halls mellow with lights falling on oaken floors2 ,king ,arthur's banqueting chamber4 ,to the scientist's thought the oak is a vital mechanism4 ,by day and by night1 the long summer through1 it lifts tons of moisture and forces it into the wide-spreading branches1 but without the rattle of huge engines4 ,with what uproar and clang of iron hammers would stones be crushed that are dissolved noiselessly by the rootlets and recomposed in stems and boughs6 ,what a vast laboratory is here1 every root and leaf an expert chemist6 ,for other multitudes the earth has become only a huge stable2 its fruit fodder2 its granaries ricks1 out of which men-cattle feed4 ,these estimate a man's value according as he has lifted his ax upon tall trees and ravaged all the loveliness of creation2 whose curse is the ,nebuchadnezzar curse1 giving to nature the tongue and hand1 and receiving from nature grass2 who are doomed to love the corn they grind1 to hear only the roar of the whirlwind and the crash of the hail1 never the still small voice2 who see what is written in lamp-black and lightning2 who think the clouds are for rain1 and know not that they are chariots1 thrones and celestial highways2 that the sunset means something else than sleep1 and the morning suggests something other than work4 ,all these give nature only thought for food1 and food only shall they receive from nature1 until all their deeds are plowed down in dust4 ,give forth thy gift1 young men and maidens1 and according as thou givest thou shalt receive fruit1 or picture1 or poem1 or temple1 or ladder let down from heaven1 or angel aspirations going up4 ,conscience also receives its gifts and makes a return4 ,give thy body obedience and it will return happiness and health4 ,give overdrafts and excesses and it will return sleepless nights and suffering days4 ,man's sins are seeds1 his sufferings harvests4 ,every action is embryonic1 and according as it is right or wrong will ripen into sweet fruits of pleasure or poison fruits of pain4 ,some seeds hold two germs2 and vice and penalty are wrapped up under one covering4 ,sins are self-registering and penalties are automatic4 ,the brain keeps a double set of books1 and at last visits its punishments4 ,conscience does not wait for society to ferret out iniquity1 but daily executes judgment4 ,policemen may slumber and the judge may nod1 but the nerves are always active1 memory never sleeps1 conscience is never off duty4 ,the recoil of the gun bruises black the shoulder of him who holds it1 and sin is a weapon that kills at both ends4 ,in the olden days1 when the poisoner was in every palace1 the ,doge of ,venice offered a reward for a crystal goblet that would break the moment a poison touched it4 ,perhaps the idea was suggested to the ,prince because his soul already fulfilled the thought1 for one drop of sin always shatters the cup of joy and wastes life's precious wine4 ,how do events interpret this principle6 ,one day ,louis1 ,king of ,france1 was riding in the forest near his gorgeous and guilty palace of ,versailles4 ,he met a peasant carrying a coffin4 ,what did the man die of8 asked the ,king4 ,of hunger1 answered the peasant4 ,but the sound of the hunt was in the ,king's ear1 and he forgot the cry of want4 ,soon the day came when the ,king stood before the guillotine1 and with mute appeals for mercy fronted a mob silent as statues1 unyielding as stone1 grimly waiting to dip the ends of their pikes in regal blood4 ,he gave cold looks2 he received cold steel4 ,marie ,antoinette1 riding to ,notre ,dame for her bridal1 bade her soldiers command all beggars1 cripples and ragged people to leave the line of the procession4 ,the ,queen could not endure for a brief moment the sight of those miserable ones doomed to unceasing squalor and poverty4 ,what she gave others she received herself1 for soon1 bound in an executioner's cart1 she was riding toward the place of execution midst crowds who gazed upon her with hearts as cold as ice and hard as granite4 ,when ,foulon was asked how the starving populace was to live he answered3 ,let them eat grass4 ,afterward1 ,carlyle says1 the mob1 maddened with rage1 caught him in the streets of ,paris1 hanged him1 stuck his head upon a pike1 filled his mouth with grass1 amid shouts as of ,tophet from a grass-eating people4 ,what kings and princes gave they received4 ,this is the voice of nature and conscience3 ,behold1 sin crouches at the door6 ,this divine principle also explains man's attitude toward his fellows4 ,the proverb says man makes his own world4 ,each sees what is in himself1 not what is outside4 ,the jaundiced eye yellows all it beholds4 ,the chameleon takes its color from the bark on which it clings4 ,man gives his color to what his thought is fastened upon4 ,the pessimist's darkness makes all things dingy4 ,the youth disappointed with his ,european trip said he was a fool for going4 ,he was1 for the reason that he was a fool before he started4 ,he saw nothing without1 because he had no vision within4 ,he gave no sight1 he received no vision4 ,an artist sees in each ,madonna that which compels a rude mob to uncover in prayer1 but the savage perceives only a colored canvas4 ,recently a foreign traveler1 writing of his impressions of our city1 described it to his fellows as a veritable hades4 ,but his fellow countryman1 in a similar volume1 recorded his impressions of our art1 architecture and interest in education4 ,each saw that for which he looked4 ,this principle explains man's attitude toward his ,god4 ,god governs rocks by force1 animals by fear1 savage man by force and fear1 true men by hope and love4 ,man can take ,god at whatsoever level he pleases4 ,he who by beastliness turns his body into a log will be held by gravity in one spot like a log4 ,he who lives on a level with the animals will receive fear and law and lightnings4 ,he who approaches ,god through laws of light and heat and electricity will find the world-throne occupied by an infinite ,agassiz4 ,some approach ,god through physical senses4 ,they behold his storms sinking ships1 his tornadoes mowing down forests4 ,these find him a huge ,hercules2 yet the ,judge who seems cruel to the wicked criminal may seem the embodiment of gentleness and kindness to his obedient children4 ,man determines what ,god shall be to him4 ,each paints his own picture of ,deity4 ,macbeth sees him with forked lightnings without and volcanic fires within4 ,the pure in heart see him as the face of all-clasping ,love4 ,give him thy heart and he will give thee love1 effulgent love1 like the affection of mother or lover or friend1 only dearer than either4 ,give him thy ways1 and he will overarch life's path as the heavens overarch the flowers1 filling them with heat by day and yielding cooling dews by night4 ,give him but a flickering aspiration and he will give thee balm for the bruised reed and flame for the smoking flax4 ,give him the publican's prayer and he will give thee mercy like the wideness of the sea4 ,give his little ones but a cup of cold water and he will give thee to drink of the water of the river of life and bring thee to the banquet hall in the house of many mansions4 #a ,mod4 ,ptrs41 ,vol4 #e1 ,chap4 #a4 ,the ,earth--,veil ,star papers3 ,a ,walk ,among ,trees4 ,,vicarious ,,lives ,,as ,,instruments ,,of ,,social ,,progress4 ,only he that uses shall even so much as keep4 ,unemployed strength steadily diminishes4 ,the sluggard's arm grows soft and flabby4 ,so1 even in this lowest sphere1 the law is inexorable4 ,having is using4 ,not using is losing4 ,idleness is paralysis4 ,new triumphs must only dictate new struggles4 ,if it be ,alexander of ,macedon1 the ,orontes must suggest the ,euphrates1 and the ,euphrates the ,indus4 ,always it must be on and on4 ,one night of rioting in ,babylon may arrest the conquering march4 ,genius is essentially athletic1 resolute1 aggressive1 persistent4 ,possession is grip1 that tightens more and more4 ,ceasing to gain1 we begin to lose4 ,ceasing to advance1 we begin to retrograde4 ,brief was the interval between ,roman conquest of ,barbarians1 and ,barbarian conquest of ,rome4 ,blessed is the man who keeps out of the hospital and holds his place in the ranks4 ,blessed the man1 the last twang of whose bow-string is as sharp as any that went before1 sending its arrow as surely to the mark4--,roswell ,w4 ,hitchcock4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,vicarious ,,lives ,,as ,,instruments ,,of ,,social ,,progress4 ,the eleventh chapter of ,hebrews has been called the picture-gallery of heroes4 ,these patriots and martyrs who won our first battles for liberty and religion made nobleness epidemic4 ,oft stoned and mobbed in the cities they founded and loved1 they fled into exile1 where they wandered in deserts and mountains and caves and slept in the holes of the earth4 ,falling at last in the wilderness1 it may be said that no man knoweth their sepulcher and none their names4 ,but joyfully let us confess that the institutions most eminent and excellent in our day represent the very principles for which these martyrs died and1 dying1 conquered4 ,for those heroes were the first to dare earth's despots4 ,they won the first victory over every form of vice and sin4 ,they wove the first threads of the flag of liberty and made it indeed the banner of the morning1 for they dyed it crimson in their heart's-blood4 ,in all the history of freedom there is no chapter comparable for a moment to the glorious achievements of these men of oak and rock4 ,their deeds shine on the pages of history like stars blazing in the night and their achievements have long been celebrated in song and story4 ,the angels of martyrdom and victory1 says ,mazzini1 are brothers2 both extend protecting wings over the cradle of the future life4 ,sometimes it has happened that the brave deed of a single patriot has rallied wavering hosts1 flashed the lightning through the centuries1 and kindled whole nations into a holy enthusiasm4 ,the opposing legions of soldiers and inquisitors went down before the heroism of the early church as darkness flees before the advancing sunshine4 ,society admires the scholar1 but man loves the hero4 ,wisdom shines1 but bravery inspires and lifts4 ,though centuries have passed1 these noble deeds still nourish man's bravery and endurance4 ,it was not given to these leaders to enter into the fruits of their labors4 ,vicariously they died4 ,with a few exceptions1 their very names remain unknown4 ,but let us hasten to confess that their vicarious suffering stayed the onset of despotism and achieved our liberty4 ,they ransomed us from serfdom and bought our liberty with a great price4 ,compared to those1 our bravest deeds do seem but brambles to the oaks at whose feet they grow4 ,having made much of the principles of the solidarity of society1 science is now engaged in emphasizing the principle of vicarious service and suffering4 ,the consecrated blood of yesterday is seen to be the social and spiritual capital of to-day4 ,indeed1 the civil1 intellectual and religious freedom and hope of our age are only the moral courage and suffering of past ages1 reappearing under new and resplendent forms4 ,the social vines that shelter us1 the civic bough whose clusters feed us1 all spring out of ancient graves4 ,the red currents of sacrifice and the tides of the heart have nourished these social growths and made their blossoms crimson and brilliant4 ,nor could these treasures have been gained otherwise4 ,nature grants no free favors4 ,every wise law1 institution and custom must be paid for with corresponding treasure4 ,thought itself takes toll from the brain4 ,to be loved is good1 indeed2 but love must be paid for with toil1 endurance1 sacrifice--fuel that feeds love's flame4 ,generous giving to-day is a great joy2 but it is made possible only by years of thrift and economy4 ,the wine costs the clusters4 ,the linen costs the flax4 ,the furniture costs the forests4 ,the heat in the house costs the coal in the cellar4 ,wealth costs much toil and sweat by day4 ,wisdom costs much study and long vigils by night4 ,leadership costs instant and untiring pains and service4 ,character costs the long1 fierce conflict with vice and sin4 ,when ,keats1 walking in the rose garden1 saw the ground under the bushes all covered with pink petals1 he exclaimed2 ,next year the roses should be very red6 ,when ,aeneas tore the bough from the myrtle tree1 ,virgil says the tree exuded blood4 ,but this is only a poet's way of saying that civilization is a tree that is nourished1 not by rain and snow1 but by the tears and blood of the patriots and prophets of yesterday4 ,fortunately1 in manifold ways1 nature and life witness to the universality of vicarious service and suffering4 ,indeed1 the very basis of the doctrine of evolution is the fact that the life of the higher rests upon the death of the lower4 ,the astronomers tell us that the sun ripens our harvests by burning itself up4 ,each golden sheaf1 each orange bough1 each bunch of figs1 costs the sun thousands of tons of carbon4 ,geike1 the geologist1 shows us that the valleys grow rich and deep with soil through the mountains1 growing bare and being denuded of their treasure4 ,beholding the valleys of ,france and the plains of ,italy all gilded with corn and fragrant with deep grass1 where the violets and buttercups wave and toss in the summer wind1 travelers often forget that the beauty of the plains was bought1 at a great price1 by the bareness of the mountains4 ,for these mountains are in reality vast compost heaps1 nature's stores of powerful stimulants4 ,daily the heat swells the flakes of granite2 daily the frost splits them2 daily the rains dissolve the crushed stone into an impalpable dust2 daily the floods sweep the rich mineral foods down into the starving valleys4 ,thus the glory of the mountains is not alone their majesty of endurance1 but also their patient1 passionate beneficence as they pour forth all their treasures to feed richness to the pastures1 to wreathe with beauty each distant vale and glen1 to nourish all waving harvest fields4 ,this death of the mineral is the life of the vegetable4 ,if now we descend from the mountains to explore the secrets of the sea1 ,maury and ,guyot show us the isles where palm trees wave and man builds his homes and cities midst rich tropic fruits4 ,there scientists find that the coral islands were reared above the waves by myriads of living creatures that died vicariously that man might live4 ,and everywhere nature exhibits the same sacrificial principle4 ,our treasures of coal mean that vast forests have risen and fallen again for our factories and furnaces4 ,nobody is richer until somebody is poorer4 ,evermore the vicarious exchange is going on4 ,the rock decays and feeds the moss and lichen4 ,the moss decays to feed the shrub4 ,the shrub perishes that the tree may have food and growth4 ,the leaves of the tree fall that its boughs may blossom and bear fruit4 ,the seeds ripen to serve the birds singing in all the boughs4 ,the fruit falls to be food for man4 ,the harvests lend man strength for his commerce1 his government1 his culture and conscience4 ,the lower dies vicariously that the higher may live4 ,thus nature achieves her gifts only through vast expenditures4 ,it is said that each of the new guns for the navy costs #ajj1jjj4 ,but the gun survives only a hundred explosions1 so that every shot costs #a1jjj4 ,tyndall tells us that each drop of water sheathes electric power sufficient to charge #ajj1jjj ,leyden jars and blow the ,houses of ,parliament to atoms4 ,farraday amazes us by his statement of the energy required to embroider a violet or produce a strawberry4 ,to untwist the sunbeam and extract the rich strawberry red1 to refine the sugar1 and mix its flavor1 represents heat sufficient to run an engine from ,liverpool to ,london or from ,chicago to ,detroit4 ,but because nature does her work noiselessly we must not forget that each of her gifts also involves tremendous expenditure4 ,this law of vicarious service holds equally in the intellectual world4 ,the author buys his poem or song with his life-blood4 ,while traveling north from ,london midst a heavy snow-storm1 ,lord ,bacon descended from his coach to stuff a fowl with snow to determine whether or not ice would preserve flesh4 ,with his life the philosopher purchased for us the principle that does so much to preserve our fruits and foods through the summer's heat and lend us happiness and comfort4 ,and ,pascal1 whose thoughts are the seeds that have sown many a mental life with harvests1 bought his splendid ideas by burning up his brain4 ,the professors who guided and loved him knew that the boy would soon be gone1 just as those who light a candle in the evening know that the light1 burning fast1 will soon flicker out in the deep socket4 ,one of our scientists foretells the time when1 by the higher mathematics1 it will be possible to compute how many brain cells must be torn down to earn a given sum of money2 how much vital force each ,sir ,william ,jones must give in exchange for one of his forty languages and dialects2 what percentage of the original vital force will be consumed in experiencing each new pleasure1 or surmounting each new pain2 how much nerve treasure it takes to conquer each temptation or endure each self-sacrifice4 ,too often society forgets that the song1 law or reform has cost the health and life of the giver4 ,tradition says that1 through much study1 the ,iliad cost ,homer his eyes4 ,there is strange meaning in the fact that ,dante's face was plowed deep with study and suffering and written all over with the literature of sorrow4 ,to gain his vision of the hills of ,paradise1 ,milton lost his vision of earth's beauteous sights and scenes4 ,in explanation of the early death of ,raphael and ,burns1 ,keats and ,shelley1 it has been said that few great men who are poor have lived to see forty4 ,they bought their greatness with life itself4 ,a few short years ago there lived in a western state a boy who came up to his young manhood with a great1 deep passion for the plants and shrubs4 ,while other boys loved the din and bustle of the city1 or lingered long in the library1 or turned eager feet toward the forum1 this youth plunged into the fields and forests1 and with a lover's passion for his noble mistress gave himself to roots and seeds and flowers4 ,while he was still a child he would tell on what day in ,march the first violet bloomed2 when the first snowdrop came1 and1 going back through his years1 could tell the very day in spring when the first robin sang near his window4 ,soon the boy's collection of plants appealed to the wonder of scholars4 ,a little later students from foreign countries began to send him strange flowers from ,japan and seeds from ,india4 ,one midnight while he was lingering o'er his books1 suddenly the white page before him was as red with his life-blood as the rose that lay beside his hand4 ,and when1 after two years in ,colorado1 friends bore his body up the side of the mountains he so dearly loved1 no scholar in all our land left so full a collection and exposition of the flowers of that distant state as did this dying boy4 ,his study and wisdom made all to be his debtors4 ,but he bought his wisdom with thirty years of health and happiness4 ,we are rich only because the young scholar1 with his glorious future1 for our sakes made himself poor4 ,our social treasure also is the result of vicarious service and suffering4 ,sailing along the ,new ,england coasts1 one man's craft strikes a rock and goes to the bottom4 ,but where his boat sank there the state lifts a danger signal1 and henceforth1 avoiding that rock1 whole fleets are saved4 ,one traveler makes his way through the forest and is lost4 ,afterward other pilgrims avoid that way4 ,experimenting with the strange root or acid or chemical1 the scholar is poisoned and dies4 ,taught by his agonies1 others learn to avoid that danger4 ,only a few centuries ago the liberty of thought was unknown4 ,all lips were padlocked4 ,the public criticism of a baron meant the confiscation of the peasant's land2 the criticism of the pope meant the dungeon2 the criticism of the king meant death4 ,now all are free to think for themselves1 to sift all knowledge and public teachings1 to cast away the chaff and to save the precious wheat4 ,but to buy this freedom blood has flowed like rivers and tears have been too cheap to count4 ,to achieve these two principles1 called liberty of thought and liberty of speech1 some four thousand battles have been fought4 ,in exchange1 therefore1 for one of these principles of freedom and happiness1 society has paid--not cash down1 but blood down2 vital treasure for staining two thousand battle-fields4 ,to-day the serf has entered into citizenship and the slave into freedom1 but the pathway along which the slave and serf have moved has been over chasms filled with the bodies of patriots and hills that have been leveled by heroes' hands4 ,why are the travelers through the forests dry and warm midst falling rains8 ,why are sailors upon all seas comfortable under their rubber coats8 ,warm are they and dry midst all storms1 because for twenty years ,goodyear1 the discoverer of ,india rubber1 was cold and wet and hungry1 and at last1 broken-hearted1 died midst poverty4 ,why is ,italy cleansed of the plagues that devastated her cities a hundred years ago8 ,because ,john ,howard sailed on an infected ship from ,constantinople to ,venice1 that he might be put into a lazaretto and find out the clew to that awful mystery of the plague and stay its power4 ,how has it come that the merchants of our western ports send ships laden with implements for the fields and conveniences for the house into the ,south ,sea ,islands8 ,because such men as ,patteson1 the pure-hearted1 gallant boy of ,eton ,college1 gave up every prospect in ,england to labor amid the ,pacific savages and twice plunged into the waters of the coral reefs1 amid sharks and devil-fish and stinging jellies1 to escape the flight of poisoned arrows of which the slightest graze meant horrible death1 and in that high service died by the clubs of the very savages whom he had often risked his life to save--the memory of whose life did so smite the consciences of his murderers that they laid the young martyr in an open boat1 to float away over the bright blue waves1 with his hands crossed1 as if in prayer1 and a palm branch on his breast4 ,and there1 in the white light1 he lies now1 immortal forever4 ,and why did the representatives of five great nations come together to destroy the slave trade in ,africa1 and from every coast come the columns of light to journey toward the heart of the dark continent and rim all ,africa around with little towns and villages that glow like lighthouses for civilization8 ,because one day ,westminster ,abbey was crowded with the great men of ,england1 in the midst of whom stood two black men who had brought ,livingstone's body from the jungles of ,africa4 ,there1 in the great ,abbey1 faithful ,susi told of the hero who1 worn thin as parchment through thirty attacks of the ,african fever1 refused ,stanley's overtures1 turned back toward ,ulala1 made his ninth attempt to discover the head-waters of the ,nile and search out the secret lairs of the slave-dealers1 only to die in the forest1 with no white man near1 no hand of sister or son to cool his fevered brow or close his glazing eyes4 ,faithful to the last to that which had been the great work of his life1 he wrote these words with dying hand3 ,all ,i can add in my solitude is1 may heaven's rich blessings come down on every one who would help to heal this open sore of the world6 ,why was it that in the ten years after ,livingstone's death1 ,africa made greater advancement than in the previous ten centuries8 ,all the world knows that it was through the vicarious suffering of one of ,scotland's noblest heroes4 ,and why is it that ,curtis says that there are three ,american orations that will live in history--,patrick ,henry's at ,williamsburg1 ,abraham ,lincoln's at ,gettysburg and ,wendell ,philips' at ,faneuil ,hall8 ,a thousand martyrs to liberty lent eloquence to ,henry's lips2 the hills of ,gettysburg1 all billowy with our noble dead1 exhaled the memories that anointed ,lincoln's lips2 while ,lovejoy's spirit1 newly martyred at ,alton1 poured over ,wendell ,phillips' nature the full tides of speech divine4 ,vicarious suffering explains each of these immortal scenes4 ,long1 too1 the scroll of humble heroes whose vicarious services have exalted our common life4 ,recognizing this principle1 ,cicero built a monument to his slave1 a ,greek1 who daily read aloud to his master1 took notes of his conversation1 wrote out his speeches and so lent the orator increased influence and power4 ,scott also makes one of his characters bestow a gift upon an aged servant4 ,for1 said the warrior1 no master can ever fully recompense the nurse who cares for his children1 or the maid who supplies their wants4 ,to-day each giant of the industrial realm is compassed about with a small army of men who stand waiting to carry out his slightest behests1 relieve him of details1 halve his burdens1 while at the same time doubling his joys and rewards4 ,lifted up in the sight of the entire community the great man stands on a lofty pedestal builded out of helpers and aids4 ,and though here and now the honors and successes all go to the one giant1 and his assistants are seemingly obscure and unrecognized1 hereafter and there honors will be evenly distributed1 and then how will the great man's position shrink and shrivel6 ,here also are the parents who loved books and hungered for beauty1 yet in youth were denied education and went all their life through concealing a secret hunger and ambition1 but who determined that their children should never want for education4 ,that the boy1 therefore1 might go to college1 these parents rose up early to vex the soil and sat up late to wear their fingers thin1 denying the eye beauty1 denying the taste and imagination their food1 denying the appetite its pleasures4 ,and while they suffer and wane the boy in college grows wise and strong and waxing great1 comes home to find the parents overwrought with service and ready to fall on death1 having offered a vicarious sacrifice of love4 ,and here are our own ancestors4 ,soon our children now lying in the cradles of our state will without any forethought of theirs fall heir to this rich land with all its treasures material--houses and vineyards1 factories and cities2 with all its treasures mental--library and gallery1 school and church1 institutions and customs4 ,but with what vicarious suffering were these treasures purchased6 ,for us our fathers subdued the continents and the kingdoms1 wrought freedom1 stopped the mouths of wolves1 escaped the sword of savages1 turned to flight armies of enemies1 subdued the forests1 drained the swamps1 planted vineyards1 civilized savages1 reared schoolhouses1 builded churches1 founded colleges4 ,for four generations they dwelt in cabins1 wore sheepskins and goatskins1 wandered about exploring rivers and forests and mines1 being destitute1 afflicted1 tormented1 because of their love of liberty1 and for the slave's sake were slain with the sword--of whom this generation is not worthy4 ,and these all died not having received the promise1 ,god having reserved that for us to whom it has been given to fall heir to the splendid achievements of our ,christian ancestors4 ,and what shall we more say1 save only to mention those whose early death as well as life was vicarious8 ,what an enigma seems the career of those cut off while yet they stand upon life's threshold6 ,how proud they made our hearts1 standing forth all clothed with beauty1 health and splendid promise6 ,what a waste of power1 what a robbery of love1 seemed their early death6 ,but slowly it has dawned upon us that the footsteps that have vanished walk with us more frequently than do our nearest friends4 ,and the sound of the voice that is still instructs us in our dreams as no living voice ever can4 ,the invisible children and friends are the real children4 ,their memory is a golden cord binding us to ,god's throne1 and drawing us upward into the kingdom of light4 ,absent1 they enrich us as those present cannot4 ,and so the child who smiled upon us and then went away1 the son and the daughter whose talents blossomed here to bear fruit above1 the sweet mother's face1 the father's gentle spirit--their going it was that set open the door of heaven and made on earth a new world4 ,these all lived vicariously for us1 and vicariously they died6 ,no deeply reflective nature1 therefore1 will be surprised that the vicarious principle is manifest in the ,savior of the soul4 ,rejecting all commercial theories1 all judicial exchanges1 all imputations of characters1 let us recognize the universality of this principle4 ,god is not at warfare with himself4 ,if he uses the vicarious principle in the realm of matter he will use it in the realm of mind and heart4 ,it is given unto parents to bear not only the weakness of the child1 but also his ignorance1 his sins--perhaps1 at last1 his very crimes4 ,but nature counts it unsafe to permit any wrong to go unpunished4 ,nature finds it dangerous to allow the youth to sin against brain or nerve or digestion without visiting sharp penalties upon the offender4 ,fire burns1 acids eat1 rocks crush1 steam scalds--always1 always4 ,governments also find it unsafe to blot out all distinctions between the honest citizen and the vicious criminal4 ,the taking no notice of sin keeps iniquity in good spirits1 belittles the sanctity of law and blurs the conscience4 ,with ,god also penalties are warnings4 ,his punishments are thorn hedges1 safeguarding man from the thorns and thickets where serpents brood1 and forcing his feet back into the ways of wisdom and peace4 ,for man's integrity and happiness1 therefore1 conscience smites and is smiting unceasingly4 ,therefore1 ,eugene ,aram dared not trust himself out under the stars at night1 for these stars were eyes that blazed and blazed and would not relent4 ,but why did not the murderer1 ,eugene ,aram1 forgive himself8 ,when ,lady ,macbeth found that the water in the basin would not wash off the red spots1 but would the multitudinous seas incarnadine1 why did not ,macbeth and his wife forgive each other8 ,strange1 passing strange1 that ,shakespeare thought volcanic fires within and forked lightning without were but the symbols of the storm that breaks upon the eternal orb of each man's soul4 ,if ,david cannot forgive himself1 if ,peter cannot forgive ,judas1 who can forgive sins8 ,perhaps the gods may1 said ,plato to ,socrates4 ,i do not know1 answered the philosopher4 ,i do not know that it would be safe for the gods to pardon4 ,so the poet sends ,macbeth out into the black night and the blinding storm to be thrown to the ground by forces that twist off trees and hiss among the wounded boughs and bleeding branches4 ,for poor ,jean ,valjean1 weeping bitterly for his sins1 while he watched the boy play with the buttercups and prayed that ,god would give him1 the red and horny-handed criminal1 to feel again as he felt when he pressed his dewy cheek against his mother's knee--for ,jean ,valjean is there no suffering friend1 no forgiving heart8 ,is there no bosom where poor ,magdalene can sob out her bitter confession8 ,what if ,god were the soul's father6 ,what if he too serves and suffers vicariously6 ,what if his throne is not marble but mercy6 ,what if nature and life do but interpret in the small this divine principle existing in the large in him who is infinite6 #a ,what if ,calvary is ,god's eternal heartache1 manifest in time6 ,what if1 sore-footed and heavy-hearted1 bruised with many a fall1 we should come back to the old home1 from which once we fled away1 gay and foolish prodigals6 ,the time was when1 as small boys and girls1 with blinding tears1 we groped toward the mother's bosom and sobbed out our bitter pain and sorrow with the full story of our sin4 ,what if the form on ,calvary were like the king of eternity1 toiling up the hill of time1 his feet bare1 his locks all wet with the dew of night1 while he cries3 ,oh1 ,absalom6 my son1 my son1 ,absalom6 ,what if we are ,absalom1 and have hurt ,god's heart6 ,reason staggers4 ,groping1 trusting1 hoping1 we fall blindly on the stairs that slope through darkness up to ,god4 ,but1 falling1 we fall into the arms of ,him who hath suffered vicariously for man from the foundation of the world4 #a ,eternal ,atonement1 p4 #aa4 ,,genius1 ,,and ,,the ,,debt ,,of ,,strength4 ,paul says3 ',i am a debtor4' ,but what had he received from the ,greeks that he was bound to pay back8 ,was he a disciple of their philosophy8 ,he was not4 ,had he received from their bounty in the matter of art8 ,no4 ,one of the most striking things in history is the fact that ,paul abode in ,athens and wrote about it1 without having any impression made upon his imaginative mind1 apparently1 by its statues1 its pictures or its temples4 ,the most gorgeous period of ,grecian art poured its light on his path1 and he never mentioned it4 ,the ,new ,testament is as dead to art-beauty as though it had been written by a hermit in an ,egyptian pyramid who had never seen the light of sun4 ,then what did he owe the ,greeks8 ,not philosophy1 not art1 and certainly not religion1 which was fetichism4 ,not a debt of literature1 nor of art1 nor of civil polity2 not a debt of pecuniary obligation2 not an ordinary debt4 ,he had nothing from all these outside sources4 ,the whole barbaric world was without the true knowledge of ,god4 ,he had that knowledge and he owed it to every man who had it not4 ,all the civilized world was1 in these respects1 without the true inspiration2 and he owed it to them simply because they did not have it2 and his debt to them was founded on this law of benevolence of which ,i have been speaking1 which is to supersede selfishness1 and according to which those who have are indebted to those who have not the world over4--,henry ,ward ,beecher4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,genius1 ,,and ,,the ,,debt ,,of ,,strength4 ,booksellers rank ,quo ,vadis as one of the most popular books of the day4 ,in that early era persecution was rife and cruelty relentless4 ,it was the time of ,caligula1 who mourned that the ,roman people had not one neck1 so that he could cut it off at a single blow2 of ,nero1 whose evening garden parties were lighted by the forms of blazing ,christians2 of ,vespasian1 who sewed good men in skins of wild beasts to be worried to death by dogs4 ,in that day faith and death walked together4 ,fulfilling such dangers1 the disciples came together secretly at midnight4 ,but the spy was abroad1 and despite all precautions1 from time to time brutal soldiers discovered the place of meeting1 and1 bursting in1 dragged the worshipers off to prison4 ,then a cruel stratagem was adopted that looked to the discovery of those who secretly cherished faith4 ,a decree went forth forbidding the jailer to furnish food1 making the prisoners 'dependent' upon friends without4 ,to come forward as a friend of these endungeoned was to incur the risk of arrest and death1 while to remain in hiding was to leave friends to die of starvation4 ,then men counted life not dear unto themselves4 ,heroism became a contagion4 ,even children dared death4 ,an old painting shows the guard awakened at midnight and gazing with wonder upon a little child thrusting food between the iron bars to its father4 ,in the darkness the soldiers sleeping in the corridors heard the rustling garments of some maiden or mother who loved life itself less than husband or friend4 ,these tides of sympathy made men strong against torture2 old men lifted joyful eyes toward those above them4 ,loving and beloved1 the disciples shared their burdens1 and those in the prison and those out of it together went to fruitful martyrdom4 ,when the flames of persecution had swept by and1 for a time1 good men had respite1 ,apollos recalled with joy the heroism of those without the prison who remembered the bonds of those within4 ,with leaping heart he called before his mind the vast multitudes in all ages who so fettered through life--men bound by poverty and hedged in by ignorance2 men baffled and beaten in life's fierce battle1 bearing burdens of want and wretchedness1 and by the heroism of the past he urged all men everywhere to fulfill that law of sympathy that makes hard tasks easy and heavy burdens light4 ,let the broad shoulders stoop to lift the load with weakness2 let the wise and refined share the sorrows of the ignorant2 let those whose health and gifts make them the children of freedom be abroad daily on missions of mercy to those whose feet are fettered2 so shall life be redeemed out of its woe and want and sin through the ,christian sympathy of those who remember men in the bonds as bound with them4 ,rejoicing in all of life's good things1 let us confess that in our world-school the divine teachers are not alone happiness and prosperity1 but also uncertainty and suffering1 defeat and death4 ,inventors with steel plates may make warships proof against bombs1 but no man hath invented an armor against troubles4 ,the arrows of calamity are numberless1 falling from above and also shot up from beneath4 ,like ,achilles1 each man hath one vulnerable spot4 ,no palace door is proof against phantoms4 ,each prince's palace and peasant's cottage holds at least one bond-slave4 ,byron1 with his club-foot1 counted himself a prisoner pacing between the walls of his narrow dungeon4 ,keats1 struggling against his consumption1 thought his career that of the galley-slave4 ,the mother1 fastened for years to the couch of her crippled child1 is bound by cords invisible1 indeed1 but none the less powerful4 ,nor is the bondage always physical4 ,here is the man who made his way out of poverty and loneliness toward wealth and position1 yet maintained his integrity through all the fight1 and stood in life's evening time possessed of wealth1 but in a moment saw it crash into nothing and fell under bondage to poverty4 ,and1 here is some ,henry ,grady1 a prince among men1 the leader of the new ,south1 his thoughts like roots drinking in the riches of the ,north2 his speech like branches dropping bounty over all the tropic states1 seeming to be the one indispensable man of his section1 but who in the midst of his career is smitten and1 dying1 left his pilgrim band in bondage4 ,here is ,sir ,william ,napier writing1 ,i am now old and feeble and miserable2 my eyes are dim1 very dim1 with weeping for my lost child1 and went on bound midst the thick shadows4 ,or here are the man and woman1 set each to each like perfect music unto noble words1 and one is taken--but ,robert ,browning was left to dwell in such sorrow that for a time he could not see his pen for the thick darkness4 ,here is the youth who by one sin fell out of man's regard1 and struggling upward1 found it was a far cry back to the lost heights1 and wrote the story of his broken life in the song of the bird with the broken pinion1 that never flew as high again4 ,sooner or later each life passes under bondage4 ,for all strength will vanish as the morning dew our joys take wings and flit away2 the eye dim1 the ear dull1 the thought decay1 our dearest die4 ,oft life's waves and billows chill us to the very marrow1 while we gasp and shiver midst the surging tide4 ,then it is a blessed thing to look out through blinding tears upon a friendly face1 to feel the touch of a friendly hand and to know there are some who remember those in bonds1 as bound with them4 ,now this principle of social sympathy and liability gives us the secret of all the epoch-making men of our time4 ,carlyle once called ,ruskin the seer that guides his generation4 ,more recently a prominent philanthropist said3 ,all our social reform movements are largely the influence of ,john ,ruskin4 ,how earned this man such meed of praise8 ,upon ,john ,ruskin fortune poured forth all her gifts4 ,he was born the child of supreme genius4 ,he was heir to nearly a million dollars1 and by his pen earned a fortune in addition4 ,at the age of #ba1 when most young men were beginning their reading1 he completed a book that put his name and fame in every man's mouth4 ,for a thousand who can speak1 there is but one who can think2 for a thousand who can think1 there is but one who can see1 and to this youth was given the open vision4 ,in the hour of fame the rich and great vied to do him honor1 and every door opened at his touch4 ,but he turned aside to become the knight-errant of the poor4 ,walking along ,whitechapel road he saw multitudes of shopmen and shopwomen whose stint was eighty hours a week1 who toiled mid poisoned air until the brain reeled1 the limbs trembled1 and worn out physically and mentally they succumbed to spinal disease or premature age1 leaving behind only enfeebled progeny1 until the city's streets became graves of the human physique4 ,in that hour ,london seemed to him like a prison or hospital2 nor was it given to him to play upon its floor as some rich men do1 knitting its straw into crowns that please2 clutching at its dust in the cracks of the floor1 to die counting the motes by millions4 ,the youth remembered men in bonds as bound with them4 ,he tithed himself a tenth1 then a third1 then a half1 and at length used up his fortune in noble service4 ,he founded clubs for workingmen and taught them industry1 honor and self-reliance4 ,he bought spinning-wheels and raw flax1 and made pauper women self-supporting4 ,he founded the ,sheffield ,museum1 and placed there his paintings and marbles1 that workers in iron and steel might have the finest models and bring all their handiwork up toward beauty4 ,he asked his art-students in ,oxford to give one hour each day to pounding stones and filling holes in the street4 ,when his health gave way ,arnold ,toynbee1 foreman of his student gang1 went forth to carry his lectures on the industrial revolution up and down the land4 ,falling on hard days and evil tongues and lying customs1 he wore himself out in knightly service4 ,so he gained his place among the immortals4 ,but the secret of his genius and influence is this3 ,he fulfilled the debt of strength and the law of social sympathy and service4 ,this spirit of sympathetic helpfulness has also given us what is called the new womanhood4 ,to-day our civilization is rising to higher levels4 ,woman has brought love into law1 justice into institutions1 ethics into politics1 refinement into the common life4 ,reforms have become possible that were hitherto impracticable4 ,king ,arthur's ,knights of the ,round ,table marching forth for freeing some fair lady were never more soldierly than these who have become the friends and protectors of the poor4 ,the movement began with ,mary ,ware1 who after long absence journeyed homeward4 ,while the coach stopped at ,durham she heard of the villages near by where fever was emptying all the homes2 and leaving the coach turned aside to nurse these fever-stridden creatures and light them through the dark valley4 ,then came ,florence ,nightingale and ,mary ,stanley1 braving rough seas1 deadly fever and bitter cold to nurse sick soldiers in ,crimea1 and returned to find themselves broken in health and slaves to pain1 like those whom they remembered4 ,then rose up a great group of noble women like ,mary ,lyon and ,sarah ,judson1 who journeyed forth upon errands of mercy into the swamps of ,africa and the mountains of ,asia1 making their ways into garrets and tenements1 missionaries of mercy and healing1 ,knights of the ,red ,cross and veritable ,king's ,daughters4 ,no cottage so remote as not to feel this new influence4 ,fascinating1 also1 the life-story of that fair1 sweet girl who married ,audubon4 ,yearning for her own home1 yet finding that her husband would journey a thousand miles and give months to studying the home and haunts of a bird1 she gave up her heart-dreams and went with him into the forest1 dwelling now in tents1 and now in some rude cabin1 being a wanderer upon the face of the earth--until1 when children came1 she remained behind and dwelt apart4 ,at last the naturalist came home after long absence to fulfill the long-cherished dream of years of quiet study with wife and children1 but found that the mice had eaten his drawings and destroyed the sketches he had left behind4 ,then was he dumb with grief and dazed with pain1 but it was his brave wife who led him to the gate and thrust him forth into the forest and sent him out upon his mission1 saying that there was no valley so deep nor no wilderness so distant but that his thought1 turning homeward1 would see the light burning brightly for him4 ,and in those dark days when our land trembled1 and a million men from the north tramped southward and a million men from the south tramped northward1 and the columns met with a concussion that threatened to rend the land asunder1 there1 in the battle1 midst the din and confusion and blood1 women walked1 angels of light and mercy1 not merely holding the cup of cold water to famished lips1 or stanching the life-blood until surgeons came1 but teaching soldier boys in the dying hour the way through the valley and beyond it up the heavenly hills4 ,these all fulfilled their mission and remembered those in bonds as bound with them4 ,this principle also has been and is the spring of all progress in humanity and civilization4 ,our journalists and orators pour forth unstinted praise upon the achievements of the nineteenth century4 ,but in what realm lies our supremacy8 ,not in education1 for our schools produce no such thinkers or universal scholars as ,plato and his teacher2 not in eloquence1 for our orators still ponder the periods of the oration ,on the ,crown2 not in sculpture or architecture1 for the broken fragments of ,phidias are still models for our youth4 ,the nature of our superiority is suggested when we speak of the doing away with the exposure of children1 the building of homes1 hospitals and asylums for the poor and weak2 the caring for the sick instead of turning them adrift2 the support of the aged instead of burying them alive2 the diminished frequency of wars2 the disappearance of torture in obtaining testimony2 humanity toward the shipwrecked1 where once luring ships upon the rocks was a trade2 the settlement of disputes by umpires and of national differences by arbitration4 ,humanity and social sympathy are the glory of our age4 ,society has come to remember that those in bonds are bound by them4 ,indeed1 the application of this principle to the various departments of human life furnishes the historian with the milestones of human progress4 ,the age of ,sophocles was not shocked when the poet wrote the story of the child exposed by the wayside to be adopted by some passer-by1 or torn in pieces by wild dogs1 or chilled to death in the cold4 ,when the wise men brought their gold and frankincense to the babe in the manger1 men felt the sacredness of infancy4 ,as the light from the babe in ,correggio's ,holy ,night illumined all the surrounding figures1 so the child resting in the ,lord's arms for shelter and sacred benediction began to shed luster upon the home and to lead the state4 ,to-day the nurture and culture in the schools are society's attempt to remember the little ones in bonds4 ,fulfilling the same law ,xavier1 with his wealth and splendid talents1 remembered bound ones and journeyed through ,india1 penetrating all the ,eastern lands1 being physician for the sick1 nurse for the dying1 minister for the ignorant2 his face benignant2 his eloquence1 love2 his atmosphere1 sympathy2 carrying his message of peace to the farther-most shores of the ,chinese ,sea1 through his zeal for those who were in bonds4 ,and thus ,john ,howard visited the prisons of ,europe for cleansing these foul dens and wiped from the sword of justice its most polluting stain4 ,fulfilling the debt of strength1 ,wilberforce and ,garrison1 ,sumner and ,brown1 fronted furious slave-holders1 enduring every form of abuse and vituperation and personal violence1 and destroyed the infamous traffic in human flesh4 ,this new spirit of sympathy and service it is that offers us help in solving the problems of social unrest and disquietude4 ,events will not let us forget that ours is an age of industrial discontent4 ,society is full of warfare4 ,prophets of evil tidings foretell social revolution4 ,the professional agitators are abroad1 sowing discord and nourishing hatred and strife1 and even the optimists sorrowfully confess the antagonism between classes4 ,there is an industrial class strong and happy1 both rich and poor2 and there is an idle class weak and wicked and miserable1 among both rich and poor4 ,unfortunately1 as has been said1 the wise of one class contemplate only the foolish of the other4 ,the industrious man of means is offended by the idle beggar1 and identifies all the poor with him1 and the hard-working but poor workman despises the licentious luxury of one rich man1 and identifies all the rich with him4 ,but there are idle poor and idle rich and busy poor and busy rich4 ,if the busy rich people watched and rebuked the idle rich people1 all would be well2 and if the busy poor people watched and rebuked the idle poor people all would be right4 ,many a beggar is as lazy as if he had #aj1jjj a year1 and many a man of large fortune is busier than his errand boy4 ,forgetting this1 some poor look upon the rich as enemies and desire to pillage their property1 and some rich have only epithets for the poor4 ,now1 wise men know that there is no separation of rich industrious classes and the poor industrious classes1 for they differ only as do two branches of one tree4 ,this year one bough is full of bloom1 and the other bears only scantily1 but next year the conditions will be reversed4 ,wealth and poverty are like waves2 what is now crest will soon be trough4 ,such conditions demand forbearance and mutual sympathy4 ,some men are born with little and some with large skill for acquiring wealth1 the two differing as the scythe that gathers a handful of wheat differs from the reaper built for vast harvests and carrying the sickle of success4 ,for generations the ancestors back of one man's father were thrifty and the ancestors back of his mother were far-sighted1 and the two columns met in him1 and like two armies joined forces for a vast campaign for wealth4 ,beside him is a brother1 whose thoughts and dreams go everywhither with the freedom of an eagle1 but who walks midst practical things with the eagle's halting gait4 ,the strong one was born1 not for spoiling his weaker brother1 but to guard and guide and plan for him4 ,this is the lesson of nature--the strong must bear the burdens of the weak4 ,to this end were great men born4 ,nature constantly exhibits this principle4 ,the shell of the peach shelters the inner seed2 the outer petals of the bud the tender germ2 the breast of the mother-bird protects the helpless birdlets2 the eagle flies under her young and gently eases them to the ground2 above the babe's helplessness rise the parents' shield and armor4 ,god appoints strong men1 the industrial giants1 to protect the weak and poor4 ,the laws of helpfulness ask them to forswear a part of their industrial rights2 and they fulfill their destiny only by fulfilling the debt of strength to weakness4 ,to identify one's self with those in bonds is the very core of the ,christian life4 ,not an intellectual belief within1 not a form of worship without1 but sympathetic helpfulness betokens the true ,christian4 ,god1 who hath endowed the soul with capacity to endure all labors and pains for wealth1 to consume away the very springs of life for knowledge1 hath also given it power for pouring itself out in great resistless tides of love and sympathy4 ,for beauty and royal majesty nothing else is comparable to the love of some royal nature4 ,a loving heart exhales sweet odors like an alabaster box2 it pours forth joy like a sweet harp2 it flashes beauty like a casket of gems2 it cheers like a winter's fire2 it carries sweet stimulus like returning sunshine4 ,we have all known a few great-hearted men and women who have through years distributed their love-treasures among the little children of the community and scattered affection among the poor and the weak1 until the entire community comes to feel that it lives in them and without them will die4 ,happy the man who hath stored up such treasures of mind and heart as that he stands forth among his fellows like a lighthouse on some ledge1 sending guiding rays far out o'er dark and troubled seas4 ,happy the woman whose ripened affection and inspiration have permeated the common life until to her come the poor and weak and heart-broken1 standing forth like some beauteous bower offering shade and filling all the air with sweet perfume4 ,in crisis hours the patriot and martyr1 the hero and the philanthropist1 die for the public good1 but not less do they serve their fellows who live and through years employ their gifts and heart-treasures1 not for themselves1 but for the happiness and highest welfare of others4 ,richter1 the ,german artist1 painted a series of paintings illustrating the ministry of angels4 ,he showed us the child-angels who sit talking with mortal children among the flowers1 now holding them by their coats lest they fall upon the stairs1 now with apples enticing them back when they draw too near the precipice2 when the boy grows tall and is tempted1 ringing in the chambers of memory the sweet mother's name2 in the hour of death coming in the garb of pilgrim1 made ready for convoy and guidance to the heavenly land4 ,oh beautiful pictures6 setting forth the sacred ministry of each true ,christian heart4 ,history tells of the servant whose master was sold into ,algeria1 and who sold himself and wandered years in the great desert in the mere hope of at last finding and freeing his lord2 of the obscure man in the ,eastern city who1 misunderstood and unpopular1 left a will stating that he had been poor and suffered for lack of water1 and so had starved and slaved through life to build an aqueduct for his native town1 that the poor might not suffer as he had2 of the soldier in the battle1 wounded in cheek and mouth and dying of thirst1 but who would not drink lest he should spoil the water for others1 and so yielded up his life4 ,but this capacity of sacrifice and sympathy is but the little in man answering to what is large in ,god4 ,here deep answers unto deep4 ,the definition of the ,divine ,one is1 he remembers those in bonds1 and it is more blessed to give than to receive2 more blessed to feed the hungry than starving to be fed2 more blessed to pour light on darkened misunderstanding than ignorant to be taught2 more blessed to open the path through the wilderness of doubt than wandering to be guided2 more blessed to bring in the bewildered pilgrim than to be lost and rescued2 more blessed to forgive than to be forgiven2 to save than to be saved4 ,,the ,,time ,,element ,,in ,,individual ,,character ,,and ,,social ,,growth4 ,all that we possess has come to us by way of a long path4 ,there is no instantaneous liberty or wisdom or language or beauty or religion4 ,old philosophies1 old agriculture1 old domestic arts1 old sciences1 medicine1 chemistry1 astronomy1 old modes of travel and commerce1 old forms of government and religion have all come in gracefully or ungracefully and have said3 ',progress is king1 and long live the king6' ,year after year the mind perceives education to expand1 art sweeps along from one to ten1 music adds to its early richness1 love passes outwardly from self towards the race1 friendships become laden with more pleasure1 truths change into sentiments1 sentiments blossom into deeds1 nature paints its flowers and leaves with richer tints1 literature becomes the more perfect picture of a more perfect intellect1 the doctrines of religion become broader and sweeter in their philosophy4--,david ,swing4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,the ,,time ,,element ,,in ,,individual ,,character ,,and ,,social ,,growth4 ,for all lovers of their kind1 nothing is so hard to bear as the slowness of the upward progress of society4 ,it is not simply that the rise of the common people is accompanied with heavy wastes and losses1 it is that the upward movement is along lines so vast as to make society's growth seem tardy1 delayed1 or even reversed4 ,doubtless the drift of the ages is upward1 but this progress becomes apparent only when age is compared with age and century with century4 ,it is not easy for some ,bruno or ,wickliffe1 sowing the good seed of liberty and toleration in one century1 to know that not until another century hath passed will the precious harvest be reaped4 ,man is accustomed to brief intervals4 ,not long the space between ,january's snowdrifts and ,june's red berries4 ,brief the interval between the egg and the eagle's full flight4 ,scarcely a score of years separates the infant of days from the youth of full stature4 ,trained to expect the ,april seed to stand close beside the ,august sheaf1 it is not easy for man to accustom himself to the processes of him with whom four-score years are but a handbreadth and a thousand years as but one day4 ,to man1 therefore1 toiling upon his industry1 his art1 his government1 his religion1 comes this reflection3 ,because the divine epochs are long1 let not the patriot or parent be sick with hope long deferred4 ,let the reformer sow his seed untroubled when the sickle rusts in the hand that waits for its harvest4 ,remember that as things go up in value1 the period between inception and fruition is protracted4 ,because the plant is low1 the days between seed and sheaf are few and short2 because the bird is higher1 months stand between egg and eagle4 ,but manhood is a thing so high1 culture and character are harvests so rich as to ask years and even ages for ripening1 while ,god's purposes for society involve such treasures of art1 wisdom1 wealth1 law1 liberty1 as to ask eons and cycles for their full perfection4 ,therefore let each patriot and sage1 each reformer and teacher be patient4 ,the world itself is a seed4 ,not until ages have passed shall it burst into bloom and blossom4 ,troubled by the strifes of society1 depressed by the waste of its forces and the delays of its columns1 he who seeks character for himself and progress for his kind1 oft needs to shelter himself beneath that divine principle called the time-element for the individual and the race4 ,optimists are we2 our world is ,god's2 wastes shall yet become savings and defeats victories2 nevertheless1 life's woes1 wrongs and delays are such as to stir misgiving4 ,the multitudes hunger for power and influence1 hunger for wealth and wisdom1 for happiness and comfort2 satisfaction seems denied them4 ,watt and ,goodyear invent1 other men enter into the fruit of their inventions2 ,erasmus and ,melanchthon sow the good seeds of learning2 two centuries pass by before ,god's angels count the bundles4 ,in a passion of enthusiasm for ,england's poor1 ,cobden wore his life out toiling for the corn laws4 ,the reformer died for the cotton-spinners as truly as if he had slit his arteries and emptied out the crimson flood4 ,but when the victory was won1 the wreath of fame was placed upon another's brow4 ,one day ,robert ,peel arose in the ,house of ,commons and in the presence of an indignant party and an astounded country1 proudly said3 ,i have been wrong4 ,i now ask ,parliament to repeal the law for which ,i myself have stood4 ,where there was discontent1 ,i see contentment2 where there was turbulence1 ,i see peace1 where there was disloyalty1 ,i see loyalty4 ,then the fury of party anger burst upon him1 and bowing to the storm1 ,robert ,peel went forth while men hissed after him such words as traitor1 coward1 recreant leader4 ,nor did he foresee that in losing an office he had gained the love of a country4 ,what delays also in justice6 ,what recognition does society withhold from its heroes6 ,what praise speaks above the pulseless corpse that is denied the living1 hungering heart6 ,what gold coin spent for the marble wreath by those who have no copper for laurel for the living hero6 ,how do rewards that dazzle in prospect1 in possession1 burst like gaudy bubbles6 ,honors are evanescent2 reputation is a vapor2 property takes wings2 possessions counted firm as adamant dissolve like painted clouds2 in the hour of depression the hand drops its tool1 the heart its task4 ,in such dark hours and moods1 strong men reflect that he who sows the good seed of liberty or culture or character must have long patience until the harvest2 that as things go up in value they ask for longer time2 that he is the true hero who redeems himself out of present defeat by the foresight of far-off and future victory2 that that man has a patent of nobility from ,god himself who can lay out his life upon the principle that a thousand years are as one day4 ,the truly great man takes long steps by ,god's side1 has the courage of the future2 working1 he can also wait4 ,for man1 fulfilling such a career1 no principle hath greater practical value than this one2 as things rise in the scale of value the interval between seedtime and harvest must lengthen4 ,happily for us1 ,god hath capitalized this principle in nature and life4 ,each gardener knows that what ripens quickest is of least worth4 ,the mushroom needs only a night2 the moss asks a week for covering the fallen tree2 the humble vegetable asks several weeks and the strawberry a few months2 but1 planting his apple tree1 the gardener must wait a few years for his ripened russet1 and the woodsman many years for the full-grown oak or elm4 ,if in thought we go back to the dawn of creation--to that moment when sun and planet succeeded to clouds of fire1 when a red-hot earth1 cooling1 put on an outer crust1 when gravity drew into deep hollows the waters that cooled the earth and purified the upper air--and then follow on in nature's footsteps1 passing up the stairway of ascending life from lichen1 moss and fern1 on to the culminating moment in man1 we shall ever find that increase of value means an increase of time for growth4 ,the fern asks days1 the reed asks weeks1 the bird for months1 the beast for a handful of years1 but man for an epoch measured by twenty years and more4 ,to grow a sage or a statesman nature asks thirty years with which to build the basis of greatness in the bone and muscle of the peasant grandparents1 thirty years in which to compact the nerve and brain of parents2 thirty years more in which the heir of these ancestral gifts shall enter into full-orbed power and stand forth fully furnished for his task4 ,nature makes a dead snowflake in a night1 but not a living star-flower4 ,for her best things nature asks long time4 ,the time-principle holds equally in man's social and industrial life4 ,to-day our colleges have their anthropological departments and our cities their museums4 ,the comparative study of the dress1 weapons1 tools1 houses1 ships of savage and civilized races gives an outline view of the progress of society4 ,how fragile and rude the handiwork of savages6 ,how quickly are the wants provided for6 ,a few fig leaves make a full summer suit for the ,african and the skin of an ox his garb for winter4 ,but civilized man must toil long upon his loom for garments of wool and fine silk4 ,slowly the hollow log journeys toward the ocean steamer2 slowly the forked stick gives place to the steam-plow1 the slow ox to the swift engine2 slowly the sea-shell1 with three strings tied across its mouth1 develops into the many-mouthed pipe-organ4 ,but if rude and low conveniences represent little time and toil1 these later inventions represent centuries of arduous labor4 ,in his history of the ,german tribes1 ,tacitus gives us a picture of a day's toil for one of the forest children4 ,moving to the banks of some new stream1 the rude man peels the bark from the tree and bends it over the tent pole2 with a club he beats down the nuts from the branches2 with a round stone he knocks the squirrel from the bough2 another hour suffices for cutting a line from the ox's hide and1 hastily making a hook out of the wishbone of the bird1 he draws the trout from its stream4 ,but if for savage man a day suffices for building and provisioning the tent1 the accumulated wisdom of centuries is required for the home of to-day4 ,one century offers an arch for the door1 another century offers glass windows1 another offers wrought nails and hinges1 another plaster that will receive and hold the warm colors1 another offers the marble1 tapestry1 picture and piano1 the thousand conveniences for use and beauty4 ,husbandry also represents patience and the labor of generations4 ,were it given to the child1 tearing open the golden meat of the fruit1 to trace the ascent of the tree1 he would see the wild apple or bitter orange growing in the edge of the ancient forest4 ,but man1 standing by the fruit1 grafted it for sweetness1 pruned it for the juicy flow1 nourished it for taste and color4 ,could he who picks the peach or pear have this inner vision1 he would behold an untold company of husbandmen standing beneath the branches and pointing to their special contributions4 ,the fathers labored1 the children entered into the fruitage of the labor in his dream2 the poet slept in ,st4 ,peter's and saw the shadowy forms of all the architects and builders from the beginning of time standing about him and giving their special contributions to ,bramante and ,angelo's great temple4 ,thus many hands have toiled upon man's house1 man's art1 industry1 invention4 ,in the realm of law and liberty the best things ask for patience and waiting4 ,out of nothing nothing comes4 ,the institution that represents little toil but little time endures4 ,man's early history is involved in obscurity1 largely because his early arts were mushroomic--completed quickly1 they quickly perished4 ,the ideas scratched upon the flat leaf or the thin reed represented scant labor and therefore soon were dust4 ,but he who holds in his hand a modern book holds the fruitage of years many and long4 ,for that book we see the workmen ranging far for linen2 we see the printer toiling upon his movable types2 we see the artist etching his plate2 the author giving his days to study and his nights to reflection2 and because the book harvests the study of a great man's lifetime it endures throughout generations4 ,the sciences also increase in value only as the time spent upon them is lengthened4 ,few and brief were the days required for the early astronomers to work out the theory that the earth is flat1 the sky a roof1 the stars holes in which the gods have hung lighted lamps4 ,the theory that makes our earth sweep round the sun1 our sun sweep round a far-off star1 all lesser groups sweep round one central sun1 that shepherds all the other systems1 asks for the toil of ,galileo and ,kepler1 of ,copernicus and ,newton1 and a great company of modern students4 ,the father of astronomy had to wait a thousand years for the fruition of his science4 ,upon those words1 called law or love1 or mother or king1 man hath with patience labored4 ,the word wife or mother is so rich to-day as to make ,homer's ideal1 ,helen1 seem poor and almost contemptible4 ,the girl was very beautiful1 but very painful the alacrity with which she passes from the arms of ,menelaus to the arms of ,paris1 from the arms of ,paris to those of ,deiphobus1 his conqueror4 ,if one hour only was required for this lovely creature to pack her belongings preparatory to moving to the tent of her new lord1 one day fully sufficed for transferring her affections from one prince to another4 ,but1 toiling ever upward to her physical beauty1 woman added mental beauty1 moral beauty1 until the word wife or mother or home came to have almost infinite wealth of meaning4 ,in government also the best political instruments ask for longest time4 ,hercules ruled by the right of physical strength4 ,assembling the people1 he challenged all rivals to combat4 ,a single hour availed for cutting off the head of his enemy4 ,henceforth he reigned an unchallenged king4 ,because man hath with patience toiled long upon this republic1 how rich and complex its institutions6 ,the modern presidency does not represent the result of an hour's combat between two ,samsons4 ,forty years ago the eager aspirants began their struggle4 ,a great company of young men all over the land determined to build up a reputation for patriotism1 statesmanship1 wisdom and character4 ,as the time for selecting a president approached1 the people passed in review all these leaders4 ,when two or more were finally chosen out1 there followed months in which the principles of the candidates were sifted and analyzed4 ,i know of no more sublime spectacle1 said ,stuart ,mill1 than the election of the ruler under the laws of the republic4 ,if the voice of the people is ever the voice of ,god1 if any ruler rules by divine right1 it is when millions of freemen1 after long consideration1 elect one man to be their appointed guide and leader4 ,if a single hour availed for ,samson to settle the question of his sovereignty1 free institutions ask for their statesmen to have the patience of years2 working1 they must also wait4 ,with long patience also man has worked and waited as he has toiled upon his idea of religion4 ,rude1 indeed1 man's hasty thoughts of the infinite4 ,in early days the sun was ,god's eye1 the thunder his voice1 the stroke of the earthquake the stroke of his arm1 the harvest indicated his pleasure1 the pestilence his anger4 ,in such an age the priest and philosopher taxed their genius to invent methods of preserving the friendship and avoiding the anger of the ,infinite4 ,daily the king and general calculated how many sheep and oxen they must slay to avoid defeat in battle4 ,daily the husbandman and farmer calculated how many doves and lambs must be killed to avert blight from the vineyard and hailstorms from the harvests4 ,observing that when the king ascended to the throne the slaves put their necks under his heel and covered their bodies with dust1 in their haste the priests concluded that by degrading man ,god would be exalted4 ,prostrating themselves in dirt and rags1 men went down in order that by contrast the throne of ,god might rise up4 ,the mud was made thick upon man's brow that the crown upon the brow of ,god might be made brilliant4 ,out of this degrading thought grew the idea that ,god lived and ruled for his own gratification and self-glory4 ,the infinite throne was unveiled as a throne of infinite self-aggrandizement4 ,slowly it was perceived that the parent who makes all things move about himself as a center1 ever monopolizing the best food1 the best place1 the best things1 at last becomes a monster of selfishness and suffers an awful degradation1 while he who sacrifices himself for others is the true hero4 ,at last1 ,christ entered the earthly scene with his golden rule and his new commandment of love4 ,he unveiled ,god1 not as desiring to be ministered to1 but as ministering2 as being rich1 yet for man's sake becoming poor2 as asking little1 but giving much2 as caring for the sparrow and lily2 as waiting upon each beetle1 bird and beast1 and caring for each detail of man's life4 ,slowly the word ,god increased in richness4 ,having found through his telescope worlds so distant as to involve infinite power1 man emptied the idea of omnipotence into the word ,,god2 finding an infinite wisdom in the wealth of the summers and winters1 man added the idea of omniscience2 noting a certain upward tendency in society1 man added the word1 ,providence2 gladdened by ,god's mercy1 man added ideas of forgiveness and love4 ,slowly the word grew4 ,in the olden time people entering the ,acropolis cast their gifts of gold and silver into some vase4 ,last of all came the prince to empty in jewels and flashing gems and make the vase to overflow4 ,not otherwise ,christ emptied vast wealth of meaning into those words called conscience1 law1 love1 vicarious suffering1 immortality1 ,god4 ,beautiful1 indeed1 the simplicity of ,christ4 ,with long patience1 man waited for the unveiling of the face of divine love4 ,to all patriots and ,christian men who seek to use occupation and profession so as to promote the world's upward growth comes the reflection that henceforth society's progress must be slow1 because its institutions are high and complex4 ,to-day many look into the future with shaded eyes of terror4 ,in the social unrest and discontent of our times timid men see the brewing of a social and industrial storm4 ,in their alarm1 amateur reformers bring in social panaceas1 conceived in haste and born in fear4 ,but ,god cannot be hurried4 ,his century plants cannot be forced to blossom in a night4 ,no reformer can be too zealous for man's progress1 though he can be too impatient4 ,in these days1 when civilization has become complex and the fruitage high1 those who work must also wait and with patience endure4 ,multitudes are abroad trying to settle the labor problem4 ,the labor problem will never be settled until the last man lies in the graveyard4 ,each new inventor reopens the labor problem4 ,men were contented with their wages until ,gutenberg invented his type and made books possible2 then straightway every laborer asked an increased wage1 that though he died ignorant his children might be intelligent4 ,when society had readjusted things and man had obtained the larger wage1 ,arkwright came1 inventing his new loom1 ,goodyear came with the use of rubber1 and straightway men asked a new wage to advantage themselves of woolen garments and rubber goods for miners and sailors4 ,on the morrow #ae1jjj1jjj children will enter the schoolroom2 before noon the teacher has given them a new outlook upon some book1 some picture1 some convenience1 some custom4 ,each child registers the purpose to go home immediately and cry to his parent for that book or picture2 that tool or comfort4 ,when the parents return that night the labor question has been reopened in millions of homes4 ,intelligence is emancipating man4 ,ignorance is a constant invitation to oppression4 ,so long as workmen are ignorant1 governments will oppress them2 wealth will oppress them2 religious machinery will oppress them4 ,education can make man's wrists too large to be holden of fetters4 ,in the autumn the forest trees tighten the bark1 but when ,april sap runs through the trees the trunk swells1 the bark is strained and despite all protests it splits and cracks4 ,the splitting of the bark saves the life of the tree4 ,the soft1 balmy air of ,april is passing over the world and succeeding to the winter of man's discontent4 ,old ideas are being rent asunder and old institutions are being succeeded by new ones4 ,god is abroad destroying that he may save4 ,in every age he makes the discontent of the present to be the prophecy of the higher civilization4 ,despite all the pessimists and the croakers1 the ideas of manhood were never so high as to-day1 and the number of those whose hearts are knitted in with their kind was never so large nor so noble4 ,the movement may be slow1 but it is because the social organs are complex and intricate4 ,with long patience man must work and also wait4 ,in the world of business1 also1 the time element exerts striking influence4 ,to-day our land is filled with men who have sown the seed of thought and purpose1 but whose harvest is of so high a quality that with long patience must they wait for the fruition4 ,how pathetic the reverses of the last four years4 ,the condition of our land as to the overthrows of its leaders answers to the condition in ,poland when ,kossuth and his fellow patriots1 accustomed to life's comforts and its luxuries1 went forth penniless exiles to accustom themselves to menial toil1 to hardship and extreme poverty4 ,his heart must be of iron who can behold those who have been leaders of the industrial column1 who now stand aside and see the multitude sweep by4 ,just at the moment of expected victory misfortune overtook them and brought their structure down in ruins4 ,and because the seed they have sown is not physical1 but mental and moral1 the fruition is long postponed4 ,walter ,scott tells the story of a wounded knight1 who took refuge in the castle of a baron that proved to be a secret enemy and threw the knight into a dungeon2 one day in his cell the knight heard the sound of distant music approaching4 ,drawing near the slit in the tower1 he saw the flash of swords and heard the tramp of marching men4 ,at last the wounded hero realized that these were his own troops1 marching by in ignorance of the fact that the lord of this castle was also the jailer of their general4 ,while the knight tugged at his chain1 lifted up his voice and cried aloud1 his troops marched on1 their music drowning out his cries4 ,soon the banners passed from sight1 the last straggler disappeared behind the hill and the captive was left alone4 ,the brave knight died in his dungeon1 but the story of his heroism lived4 ,what the knight learned in suffering the poets have taught in song4 ,the captive hero has a permanent place in civilization1 though the foresight of his influence was denied him4 ,those whose harvest is delayed are a great company4 ,elizabeth ,barrett ,browning exclaiming1 ,i have not used half the powers ,god has given me1 poets dying ere the day was half done2 the inventors and reformers denied their ideals2 obscure and humble workmen--the mechanic who emancipates man by his machine2 the artisan whose conveniences are endless benefactions to our homes2 the smith whose honest anchor holds the ship in time of storm--all these labored and died without seeing the fruitage1 but other men entered into their labors4 ,to parents who have passed through all the thunder of life's battle and stand at the close of life's day discouraged because children are unripe1 thoughtless and immature2 to publicists and teachers1 sowing ,god's precious seed1 but denied its harvests2 to individuals seeking to perfect their character within themselves comes this thought--that character is a harvest so rich as to ask for long waiting and the courage of far-off results4 ,nature can perfect physical processes in twenty years1 but long time is asked for teaching the arm skill1 the tongue its grace of speech1 to clothe reason with sweetness and light1 to cast error out of the judgment1 to teach the will hardness and the heart hope and endurance4 ,four hundred years passed by before the capstone was placed upon the ,cathedral of ,cologne1 but no trouble requires such patient toil as the structure of manhood4 ,for complexity and beauty nothing is comparable to character4 ,great artists spend years upon a single picture4 ,with a touch here and a touch there they approach it1 and when a long period hath passed they bring it to completion4 ,yet all the beauty of paintings1 all the grace of statues1 all the grandeur of cathedrals are as nothing compared to the painting of that inner picture1 the chiseling of that inner manhood1 the adornment of that inner temple1 that is scarcely begun when the physical life ends4 ,how majestic the full disclosure of an ideal manhood6 ,with what patience must man wait for its completion6 ,here lies the hope of immortality2 it does not yet appear what man shall be4 ,,the ,,supremacy ,,of ,,heart ,,over ,,brain4 ,out of the heart are the issues of life4--,prov4 ,,iv4 #bc4 ,for out of the heart man believeth unto righteousness4--,paul4 ,heart is a word that the ,bible is full of4 ,brain1 ,i believe1 is not mentioned in ,scripture4 ,heart1 in the sense in which it is currently understood1 suggests the warm center of human life or any other life4 ,when we say of a man that he 'has a good deal of heart' we mean that he is 'summery4' ,when you come near him it is like getting around to the south side of a house in midwinter and letting the sunshine feel of you1 and watching the snow slide off the twigs and the tear-drops swell on the points of pendant icicles4 ,brain counts for a good deal more to-day than heart does4 ,it will win more applause and earn a larger salary4 ,thought is driven with a curb-bit lest it quicken into a pace and widen out into a swing that transcends the dictates of good form4 ,exuberance is in bad odor4 ,appeals to the heart are not thought to be quite in good taste4 ,the current demand is for ideas--not taste4 ,i asked a member of my church the other day whether he thought a certain friend of his who attends a certain church and is exceptionally brainy was really entering into sympathy with religious things4 ',oh1 no1' he said1 'he likes to hear preaching because he has an active mind1 and the way that things are spread out in front of him4' ,in the old days of the church a sermon used to convert #c1jjj men1 now that temperature is down it takes #c1jjj sermons to convert one man4--,charles ,h4 ,parkhurst4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,the ,,supremacy ,,of ,,heart ,,over ,,brain4 ,to-day there has sprung up a rivalry between brain and heart4 ,men are coming to idolize intellect4 ,brilliancy is placed before goodness and intellectual dexterity above fidelity4 ,intellect walks the earth a crowned king1 while affection and sentiment toil as bond slaves4 ,doubtless our scholars1 with the natural bias for their own class1 are largely responsible for this worship of intellectuality4 ,when the historian calls the roll of earth's favorite sons he causes these immortals to stand forth an army of great thinkers1 including philosophers1 scientists1 poets1 jurists1 generals4 ,the great minds are exalted1 the great hearts are neglected4 ,artists also have united with authors for strengthening this idolatry of intellect4 ,one of the great pictures in the ,french ,academy of ,design assembles the immortals of all ages4 ,having erected a tribunal in the center of the scene1 ,delaroche places ,intellect upon the throne4 ,also1 when the sons of genius are assembled about that glowing center1 all are seen to be great thinkers4 ,there stand ,democritus1 a thinker about invisible atoms2 ,euclid1 a thinker about invisible lines and angles2 ,newton1 a thinker about an invisible force named gravity2 ,la ,place1 a thinker about the invisible law that sweeps suns and stars forward toward an unseen goal4 ,the artist also remembers the inventors whose useful thoughts blossom into engines and ships2 statesmen whose wise thoughts blossom into codes and constitutions2 speakers whose true thoughts blossom into orations1 and artists whose beautiful thoughts appear as pictures4 ,at this assembly of the immortals great thinkers touch and jostle4 ,but if the great minds are remembered1 no chair is made ready for the great hearts4 ,he who lingers long before this painting will believe that brain is king of the world2 that great thinkers are the sole architects of civilization2 that science is the only providence for the future2 that ,god himself is simply an infinite brain1 an eternal logic engine1 cold as steel1 weaving endless ideas about life and art1 about nature and man4 ,but the throne of the universe is mercy and not marble2 the name of the world-ruler is ,great ,heart1 rather than ,crystalline ,mind1 and ,god is the ,eternal ,friend who pulsates out through his world those forms of love called reforms1 philanthropies1 social bounties and benefactions1 even as the ocean pulsates its life-giving tides into every bay and creek and river4 ,the springs of civilization are not in the mind4 ,for the individual and the state1 out of the heart are the issues of life4 ,what intellect can dream1 only the heart realizes6 ,john ,cabot's mind did1 indeed1 blaze a pathway through the ,new ,england forest4 ,but with burning hearts and iron will the ,pilgrim ,fathers loved liberty1 law and learning1 and soon they broadened the path into a highway for commerce1 turned tepees into temples and made the forests a land of vineyards and villages4 ,mind is the beginning of civilization1 but the ends and fruitage thereof are of the heart4 ,christopher ,wren's intellect wrought out the plan for ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 ,but all impotent to realize themselves1 these plans1 lying in the ,king's council chamber grew yellow with age and thick with dust4 ,one day a great heart stood forth before the people of ,london1 pointing them to an unseen ,god1 from whom cometh every good and perfect gift1 and1 plying men with the generosity of ,god1 he asked gifts of gold and silver and houses and lands1 that ,england might erect a temple worthy of him whom the heaven of heavens could not contain4 ,the mind of a great architect had created a plan and a blue-print1 but eager hearts inspiring earnest hands turned the plan into granite and hung in the air a dome of marble4 ,thus all the great achievements for civilization are the achievements of heart4 ,what we call the fine arts are only red-hot ingots of passion cooled off into visible shape4 ,all high music is emotion gushing forth at those faucets named musical notes4 ,as unseen vapors cool into those visible forms named snowflakes1 so ,gothic enthusiasms cooled off into cathedrals4 ,our art critics speak of the eight great paintings of history4 ,each of these masterpieces does but represent a holy passion flung forth upon a canvas4 ,the reformation also was not achieved by intellect nor scholarship4 ,erasmus represents pure mind4 ,yet his intellect was cold as winter sunshine that falls upon a snowdrift and dazzles the eyes with brightness1 yet is impotent to unlock the streams1 or bore a hole through the snowdrifts1 or release the roots from the grip of ice and frost1 or cover the land with waving harvests4 ,powerless as winter sunshine were ,erasmus' thoughts4 ,but what the scholar could not do1 ,luther1 the great heart1 wrought easily4 ,thus all the reforms represent passions and enthusiasms4 ,that citadel called ,the ,divine ,right of ,kings was not overthrown by colleges with books and pamphlets4 ,it was the pulse-beats of the heart of the people that pounded down the ,bastille4 ,ideas of the iniquity of slavery floated through our land for three centuries1 yet the slave pen and auction block still cursed our land4 ,at last an enthusiasm for man as man and a great passion for the poor stood behind these ideas of human brotherhood1 and as powder stands behind the bullet1 flinging forth its weapons1 slavery perished before the onslaught of the heart4 ,the men whose duty it was to follow the line of battle and bury our dead soldiers tell us that in the dying hour the soldier's hand unclasped his weapon and reached for the inner pocket to touch some faded letter2 some little keepsake1 some likeness of wife or mother4 ,this pathetic fact tells us that soldiers have won their battles not by holding before the mind some abstract thought about the rights of man4 ,the philosopher did1 indeed1 teach the theory1 and the general marked out the line of attack or defense1 but it was love of home and ,god and native land that entered into the soldier and made his arm invincible4 ,back of the emancipation proclamation stands a great heart named ,lincoln4 ,back of ,africa's new life stands a great heart named ,livingstone4 ,back of the ,sermon on the ,mount stands earth's greatest heart--man's ,savior4 ,christ's truth is enlightening man's ignorance1 but his tears1 falling upon our earth1 are washing away man's sin and woe4 ,impotent the intellect without the support of the heart4 ,how thickly are the shores of time strewn with those forms of wreckage called great thoughts4 ,in those far-off days when the overseers of the ,egyptian ,king scourged #hj1jjj slaves forth to their task of building a pyramid1 a great mind discovered the use of steam4 ,intellect achieved an instrument for lifting blocks of granite into proper place4 ,in that hour thought made possible the freedom of innumerable slaves4 ,but the heart of the tyrant held no love for his bondsmen4 ,the poor seemed of less worth than cattle4 ,because the ,king's heart felt no woes to be cured1 his hand pushed away the engine4 ,a great thought was there1 but not the kindly impulse to use it4 ,then1 full #b1jjj years passed over our earth4 ,at last came an era when man's heart journeyed forward with his mind4 ,then the woes of miners and the world's burden-bearers filled the ears of ,james ,watt with torment1 and his sympathetic heart would not let him stay until he had fashioned his redemptive tool4 ,for generations1 also1 the thoughts of liberty waited for the heart to re-enforce them and make them practical in institutions4 ,two thousand years before the era of ,cromwell and ,hampden1 ,grecian philosophers wrought out a full statement for the republic and individual liberty4 ,the right of life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness were truths clearly perceived by ,plato and ,pericles4 ,but the heart loved luxury and soft1 silken refinements1 and ,grecian philosophers in their palaces refused to let their slaves go4 ,wide1 indeed1 the gulf separating our age of kindness from ,cicero's age of cruelty6 ,the difference is almost wholly a difference of heart4 ,this age has oratory and wisdom1 and so had ,cicero's2 this age has poetry and art1 and so had that2 but our age has heart and sympathy1 and ,cicero's had not4 ,caesar's mind was the mind of a scholar1 but his hands were red with the blood of a half-million men slain in unjust wars4 ,augustus loved refinement1 literature and music4 ,he assembled at his table the scholars of a nation1 yet his culture did not forbid the slaying of ten thousand gladiators at his various garden parties4 ,we admire ,pliny's literary style4 ,one evening ,pliny returned home from the funeral of the wife of a friend and sat down to write that friend a note of gratitude for having so arranged the gladiatorial spectacle as to make the funeral service pass off quite pleasantly4 ,for that age of intellect was also an age of blood2 the era of art and luxury was also an era of cruelty and crime4 ,the intellect lent a shining luster to the era of ,augustus1 but because it was intellect only it was gilt and not gold4 ,had the heart re-enforced the intellect with sympathy and justice the age of ,augustus might have been an era golden1 indeed1 and also perpetual4 ,great men capitalize the impotency of unsupported intellect4 ,ten-talent men have often known more than they would do4 ,the children of genius have not always lived up to their moral light4 ,burns' mind ran swiftly forward1 but his will followed afar off4 ,if the poet's forehead was in the clouds1 his feet were in the mire4 ,how noble1 also1 ,byron's thoughts1 but how mean his life6 ,goethe uttered the wisdom of a sage1 as did ,rousseau1 yet their deeds were often those we would expect from a slave with a low brow4 ,even of ,shakespeare1 it is said in the morning he polished his sonnets1 while at midnight he poached game from a neighboring estate4 ,our era bestows unstinted admiration upon the essays of ,lord ,bacon4 ,how noble his aphorisms6 ,how petty his envy and avarice6 ,what scholarship was his1 and what cunning also6 ,with what splendor of argument does he plead for the advancement of learning and liberty6 ,with what meanness does he take bribes from the rich against the poor6 ,his mind seems like a palace of marble with splendid galleries and library and banqueting hall1 yet in this palace the spider spins its web and vermin make the foundations to be a noisome place4 ,in all ages also the intellect of the common people has discerned truth and light that the will has refused to fulfill4 ,generations ago society discovered the doctrine of industry and integrity1 and yet thousands of individuals still prefer to steal or beg or starve rather than work4 ,for centuries the work of moralists and public instructors has not been so much the making known new truth as the inspiring men to do a truth already known4 ,as of old1 so now1 the word is nigh man1 even in his mouth1 for enabling society to lift every social burden1 right every social wrong1 turn each rookery into a house1 make each place wealth1 make every home happiness1 make every child a scholar1 a patriot and a ,christian4 ,in ,solomon's day wisdom stood in the corner of the streets but man would not regard1 and the city perished4 ,should the heart now join the intellect1 man's feet would swiftly find these paths that lead to prosperity and perfect peace4 ,fascinating1 indeed1 the question how feeling and sentiment control conduct and character4 ,modern machinery has thrown light upon the problems of the soul4 ,the engineer finds that his locomotive will not run itself1 but waits for the steam to pound upon the piston4 ,the great ships also are becalmed until the trade winds come to beat upon the sails4 ,informed by these physical facts1 we now see a noble thought or ambition or social ideal is a mechanism that will not work itself1 but asks the enthusiastic heart to lend power divine4 ,some of earth's greatest orators1 like ,patrick ,henry1 have been unlearned men1 but no orator has ever fallen short of being an enthusiastic man4 ,a generation ago there appeared in ,paris one whose voice was counted the most perfect voice in ,europe4 ,musical critics gave unstinted praise to the purity of tone and accuracy of execution4 ,yet in a few weeks the audiences had dwindled to a handful1 and in a few years the singer's name was forgotten4 ,obscurity overtook the singer because there was no heart behind the voice and so the tones became metallic4 ,contrariwise1 the history of ,jenny ,lind contains a letter to a friend in ,sweden1 in which the singer writes3 ,oh1 that ,i may live two years longer and be permitted to save enough money to complete my orphans' home6 ,as the sun's warm beams lend a soft blush to the rose and pulsate the crimson tides through to the uttermost edge of each petal1 so a great1 loving sympathy1 sang and sighed1 thrilled and throbbed through the tones of the ,swedish singer1 and ravished the hearts of the people and made her name immortal4 ,history portrays many men of giant minds whose intellect could not redeem them from aimlessness and obscurity4 ,not until some divine enthusiasm descended upon the mind and baptized it with heroic action did these men find themselves4 ,to that young patrician1 ,saul1 journeying to ,damascus1 came the heavenly vision1 and the new impulse of the heart made his cold mind warm1 lent wings to his slow feet1 made all his days powerful1 made his soul the center of an immense activity4 ,this glowing heart of ,paul explains for us the fact that he achieved freedom of thought and speech1 endured the stones with which he was bruised1 the stocks in which he was bound1 the mobbings with which he was mutilated2 explains also his eloquence1 known and unrecorded2 explains his faith and fortitude1 his heroism in death4 ,and not only has the zeal of the heart made strong men stronger1 turned weak men into giants1 lent the soldier his conquering courage and lent the scholar a stainless life--to men whose will has been made weak by indulgence1 the new love has come to redeem intellect and will from the bondage of habit4 ,no one who ever heard ,john ,b4 ,gough can forget his marvelous eloquence1 his wit and his pathos1 his scintillating humor1 his inimitable dramatisms4 ,he did not have the polished brilliancy of ,everett or the elegant scholarship of ,phillips1 and yet when these numbered thousands of admirers1 ,gough numbered his tens of thousands4 ,in his autobiography this man tells us to what sad straits passion had brought him2 how he reflected upon the injury he was doing himself and others1 only to find that his reflections and resolutions snapped like cobwebs before the onslaught of temptation4 ,one night the young bookbinder drifted into a little meeting and1 buttoning his seedy overcoat to conceal his rags1 in some way he found himself upon his feet and began to speak4 ,the address that proved a pleasure to others was a revelation to himself4 ,for the first time ,gough tasted the joys of moving men and mastering them for good4 ,within a week that love of public speech and useful service had kindled his mental faculties into a creative glow4 ,the new and higher love of the heart consumed the lower love of the body1 just as the sun melts manacles of ice from a man's wrist4 ,history is full of these transformations wrought by the heart4 ,it was a new enthusiasm that changed ,augustine the epicurean into ,augustine the church father4 ,it was a new enthusiasm that turned ,howard the pleasure-lover into ,howard the prison-reformer4 ,it was a glowing heart that lent power to ,mazzini and ,garibaldi and gave ,italy her new hope and liberty4 ,indeed1 the history of each life is the history of its new loves4 ,the enthusiasms are beacon lights that glow in the highway along which the soul journeys forward4 ,when the hero's ships were becalmed ,virgil tells us that ,aeolus struck the hollow mountain with his staff and straightway1 released from their caves1 the winds went forth to stir the waves and smite upon the sails and sweep the becalmed ship on toward its harbor4 ,oh1 beautiful story1 telling us how ,christ touches the heart with his regenerating hand to release the soul's deeper convictions1 to sweep man forward to the heavenly haven6 ,if sentiment working in sound can make music2 if working in colors1 etc41 it can fill galleries with statues and pictures2 if sentiment working in literature can produce poems1 it should not seem strange that the heart1 with its affections1 furnishes the key of knowledge and wisdom4 ,the time was when authors were supposed to think out their truths2 now we know that the greatest truths are felt out4 ,matthew ,arnold said that mere knowledge is cold as an icicle1 but once experienced and touched with noble feelings truth becomes sweetness and light4 ,this author thought that the first requisite for a good writer was a sensitive and sympathetic heart4 ,even in ,shakespeare the springs of genius were not in the mind4 ,the heart of our greatest poet was so sensitive that he could not see an apple blossom without hoping that no untimely frost would nip it2 could not see the clusters turn purple under the autumn sun without hoping that hailstones would not pound off the rich clusters2 could not see a youth leave his home to seek his fortune without praying that he would return to his mother laden with rich treasures2 could not see a bride go down the aisle of the church without sending up a petition that many years might intervene before death's hand should touch her white brow4 ,sympathy in the heart so fed the springs of thought in the mind that it was easy for the poet to put himself in another's place4 ,and so1 while his pen wrote1 his heart felt itself to be the king and also his servant1 to be the merchant and also his clerk1 to be the general and also his soldier4 ,he saw the assassin drawing near the throne with a dagger beneath his cloak2 he went forth with ,king ,lear to shiver beneath the wintry blasts2 he rejoiced with ,rosalind and wept with ,hamlet1 and there was no joy or grief or woe or wrong that ever touched a human heart that he did not perfectly feel and1 therefore1 perfectly describe4 ,for depth of mind begins with depth of heart4 ,the greatest writers are primarily seers and only incidentally thinkers4 ,as of old1 so now1 for a thousand thinkers there is only one great seer4 ,having affirmed the influence of the heart upon the intellect and scholarship1 let us hasten to confess that the heart determines the religious belief and creed4 ,it is often said that belief is a matter of pure reason determined wholly by evidence4 ,and doubtless it is true that in approaching mathematical proofs man is to discharge his mind of all color4 ,that two and two are four is true for the poet and the miser1 for the peaceable man not less than the litigious4 ,but of the other truths of life it is a fact that with the heart man believes4 ,we approach wheat with scales1 we measure silk with a yardstick2 we test the painting with taste and imagination1 and the symphony with the sense of melody2 motives and actions are tested by conscience2 we approach the stars with a telescope1 while purity of heart is the glass by which we see ,god4 ,the scales that are useful in the laboratory are utterly valueless in the art gallery4 ,the scientific faculty that fits ,spencer for studying nature unfits him for studying art4 ,in his old age ,huxley1 the scientist1 wrote an essay forty pages long to prove that man was more beautiful than woman4 ,imagine some ,tyndall approaching the transfiguration of ,raphael to scrape off the colors and test them with acid and alkali for finding out the proportion of blue and crimson and gold4 ,these are the methods that would give the village paint-grinder precedency above genius itself4 ,in #ahcg two boys entered ,faneuil hall and heard ,wendell ,phillips' defense of ,lovejoy4 ,one youth was an ,english visitor who saw the portraits of ,otis and ,hancock1 yet saw them not2 heard the words of ,phillips1 yet heard them not1 and because his heart was in ,london believed not unto patriotism4 ,but the blood of ,adams was in the veins of the other youth4 ,he thought of ,samuel ,adams1 who heard the firing at ,lexington and exclaimed2 ,what a glorious morning this is6 ,he thought of ,john ,adams and his love of liberty4 ,he thought of the old man eloquent1 ,john ,quincy ,adams1 in the ,halls of ,congress1 and as he listened to the burning words of the speaker1 tears filled his eyes and pride filled his soul4 ,it was his native land4 ,with his heart he believed unto patriotism4 ,what the man is determines largely what his intellect thinks about ,god4 ,when the heart is narrow1 harsh1 and rigorous its theology is despotic and cruel4 ,when the heart grows kindly1 sympathetic and of autumnal richness1 it emphasizes the sympathy and love of ,god4 ,each man paints his own picture of ,god4 ,the heart lends the pigments4 ,souls full of sweetness and light fill the divine portrait with the lineaments of love4 ,for with the heart man believeth unto righteousness4 ,happy1 indeed1 our age1 in that the heart is now beginning to color our civilization4 ,vast1 indeed1 the influence of library and lecture-hall1 of gallery and store and market-place1 but the most significant fact of our day is that sympathy is baptizing our industries and institutions with new effort4 ,intellect has lent the modern youth instruments many and powerful4 ,inventive thought has lent fire to man's forge1 tools for his hands1 books for his reading1 has lent arts1 sciences1 institutions4 ,the modern youth stands forth in the aspect of the ,roman conqueror to whom the citizens went forth to bestow gifts1 one taking his chariot1 one leading a steed1 the children scattering flowers in the way1 young men and maidens taking the hero's name upon their lips4 ,unfortunately multitudes have declined those high gifts1 turning away from the open door of the schoolhouse and college2 many young feet have crossed the threshold of the saloon4 ,having entered our museum or art-gallery1 multitudes enter places of evil resort4 ,despising the opportunity offered by music or eloquence1 by book or newspaper1 by trade and profession1 many choose sloth and self-indulgence4 ,these needy millions1 blinded with sin and ignorance1 stand forth as a great opportunity for loving hearts4 ,sympathy is making beautiful the pathway of knowledge1 that young hearts may be allured along the shining way4 ,by a thousand arts and devices young people of refinement and culture are founding centers of light among the poor4 ,the opportunity that ,william the ,silent found in the starving millions of ,holland2 that ,garrison found in the miserable slaves of the ,south2 that ,livingstone found in ,africa1 the modern hero is finding in the tenement-house district4 ,through sympathy a new hope is entering into all classes of society4 ,the heart is also coloring industry4 ,this year it is said that more than a score of great industrial institutions in our country have1 to the factory1 added gymnasium1 recreation-hall1 schoolroom1 library1 free musicals and lectures4 ,the intellect has failed to solve the social problems by giving allopathic doses from ,poor ,richard's ,almanac4 ,impotent also those dreamers who have insisted that society must have socialism--either ,god's or the devil's4 ,impotent those who1 during the past week1 have proposed to cure economic ills by spitting the heads of tyrants upon bayonets4 ,but what force and law cannot do is slowly being done by sympathy and good-will4 ,the heart is taking the rigor out of toil1 the drudgery out of service1 the cruelty out of laws1 harshness out of theology1 injustice out of politics4 ,love has done much4 ,the social gains of the future are to be to the gradual progress of sympathy and love4 ,unto man who goes through life working1 weeping1 laughing1 loving1 comes the heart believing unto immortality4 ,for reason oft the immortal hope burns low and the stars dim and disappear1 but for the heart1 never6 ,scientists tell us matter is indestructible4 ,and the heart nourishes an immortal hope that no doubt can quench1 no argument destroy1 no misfortune annihilate4 ,comforting1 indeed1 for reasons1 the arguments of ,socrates that life survives death4 ,after the death of his beloved daughter ,tullia1 ,cicero outlined arguments which have consoled the mind of multitudes4 ,but in the hour of darkness and blackness1 for a man to put out upon ,death's dark sea1 upon the argument of ,cicero1 is like some ,columbus committing himself to a single plank in the hope of discovering an unseen continent4 ,in these dark hours the heart speaks4 ,in the poet's vision1 to blind ,homer1 falling into the bog1 torn by the thorns and thickets and lost in the forest and the night1 came the young goddess1 the daughter of ,light and ,beauty1 to take the sightless poet by the hand and lead him up the heavenly heights4 ,sometimes intellect seems sightless and wanders lost in the maze4 ,then comes the heart to lead man along the upward path4 ,for even in its dreams the heart hears the sound of invisible music4 ,oft before reason's eye the heart unveils the ,vision ,splendid4 ,the soul is big with immortality4 ,when the heart speaks it is ,god within making overtures for man to come upward toward home and heaven4 ,,renown ,,through ,,self-,,renunciation4 ,to live absolutely each man for himself could not be possible if all were to live together4 ,in course of time1 in addition to utility1 certain more sensitive individuals began to see a charm1 a beauty in this consideration for others4 ,gradually a sort of sanctity attached to it1 and nature had once more illustrated her mysterious method of evolving from rough and even savage necessities her lovely shapes and her tender dreams4 ,to assert1 then1 with some recent critics of ,christianity1 that that law of brotherly love which is its central teaching is impracticable of application to the needs of society1 is simply to deny the very first law by which society exists4--,richard ,le ,galliene1 in ,the ,religion of a ,literary ,man4 ,it is only with renunciations that life1 properly speaking1 can be said to begin4 4 4 4 ,in a valiant suffering for others1 not in a slothful making others suffer for us1 did nobleness ever lie4--,carlyle4 ,you talk of self as the motive to exertion4 ,i tell you it is the abnegation of self which has wrought out all that is noble1 all that is good1 all that is useful1 nearly all that is ornamental in the world4--,whyte ,melville4 ,jesus said2 ',whosoever will come after ,me1 let him renounce himself1 and take up his cross daily and follow ,me4' ,perhaps there is no other maxim of ,jesus which has such a combined stress of evidence for it and may be taken as so eminently ,his4--,matthew ,arnold4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,renown ,,through ,,self-,,renunciation4 ,history has crowned self-sacrifice as one of the virtues4 ,in all ages selfishness has been like a flame consuming society1 like a sword working waste and ruin1 but self-sacrifice has repaired these ravages and achieved for man victories many and great4 ,the church owes so much to the company of martyrs whose blood has crimsoned her every page1 the state is so deeply indebted to the patriots who have given their lives for liberty1 man has derived such strength from those who have endured the fetter and the fagot rather than belie their convictions1 woman has derived such beauty from the example of that ,antigone who died rather than desert the body of her dead brother1 as that each modern youth beholds self-sacrifice standing forth clothed with immeasurable excellence4 ,not large the company of the ,immortals whose birthdays society celebrates4 ,yet when on these high days1 through song or story the poet or orator draws back the veil and reveals to the assembled multitude the face of some ,garibaldi or ,hampden or ,lincoln1 the beloved one is seen to be clothed with genius and beauty and truth indeed1 but also to be crowned with self-sacrifice4 ,society makes haste to forget him who remembers only himself4 ,as there can be no illiterate sage1 no ignorant ,shakespeare1 so history knows no selfish hero4 ,for the mercenary forehead memory has no wreath4 ,a sentinel with a flaming sword guards the threshold of the temple of fame against those aspirants named ,ease1 ,avarice1 ,self-indulgence4 ,shall ,i be remembered by posterity8 asked the dying ,garfield4 ,in this eager1 tremulous question the renowned and the obscure alike have a pathetic interest4 ,for the deeply reflective mind oblivion is a thought all unendurable4 ,the tool man fashions1 the structure he rears1 the success he achieves1 not less than his marble monument1 looks down upon the beholder with a mute appeal for recollection4 ,to each eager aspirant for everlasting remembrance ,christ comes whispering his secret of abiding renown4 ,speaking not as an amateur1 but as a master1 ,christ affirms that he who would save his life must lose it1 that he who would be remembered by others must forget himself1 that the soldier who flees from danger to save his body shall leave that life upon the battlefield1 while he who plunges his banner into the very thick of the fight and is carried off the field upon his shield shall in safety bear his life away4 ,hard seem the terms2 they rebuke ease1 they smite self-indulgence1 they deny the maxims of the worldly wise4 ,but in accepting ,christ's principle and forsaking their palaces that they might be as brothers to beggars1 ,xavier and ,loyola found an exhilaration denied to kings2 while each ,sir ,launfal1 in his ease denied the ,holy ,grail1 has in the hour of self-sacrifice discerned the ,vision ,splendid4 ,to each young patriot and soldier looking eagerly unto the tablets that commemorate the deeds of heroes1 to each young scholar aspiring to a place beside the sages1 comes this word3 ,life is through death1 and immortal renown through self-renunciation4 ,this law of self-sacrifice is imbedded in nature4 ,minot1 the embryologist1 and ,drummond1 the scientist1 tells us that only by losing its life does the cell save it4 ,the new science exhibits the body as a temple1 constructed out of cells1 as a building is made of bricks4 ,just as some ,st4 ,peter represents strange marble from ,athens1 beauteous woods from ,cyprus1 granite from ,italy1 porphyry from ,egypt1 all brought together in a single cathedral1 so the human body is a glorious temple built by those architects called living cells4 ,when the scientist searches out the beginning of bird or bud or acorn he comes to a single cell4 ,under the microscope that cell is seen to be absorbing nutrition through its outer covering4 ,but when the cell has attained a certain size its life is suddenly threatened4 ,the center of the cell is seen to be so far from the surface that it can no longer draw in the nutrition from without4 ,the bulk has outrun the absorbing surface4 ,the alternative is very sharp1 says the scientist1 the cell must divide or die4 ,only by losing its life and becoming two cells can it save its life4 ,later on1 when each of the two cells has grown again to the size of the original one1 the same peril threatens them and they too must divide or die4 ,and when through this law of saving life by losing it nature has made sure the basis for bud and bird1 for beast and man1 then the principle of sacrifice goes on to secure beauty of the individual plant or animal and perpetuity for the species4 ,in the center of each grain of wheat there is a golden spot that gives a yellow cast to the fine flour4 ,that spot is called the germ4 ,when the germ sprouts and begins to increase1 the white flour taken up as food begins to decrease4 ,as the plant waxes1 the surrounding kernel wanes4 ,the life of the higher means the death of the lower4 ,in the orchard also the flower must fall that the fruit may swell4 ,if the young apple grows large1 it must begin by pushing off the blossom4 ,but by losing the lower bud1 the tree saves the higher fruit4 ,centuries ago ,herodotus1 the ,grecian traveler1 noted a remarkable custom in ,egypt4 ,each springtime1 when the palms flowered1 the ,egyptians went into the desert1 cut off branches from the wild palms and1 bringing them back to their gardens1 waved them over the flowers of the date trees4 ,what was meant by this ceremony ,herodotus did not know4 ,the husbandmen believed that if they neglected it the gods would give them but a scanty crop of dates4 ,it was reserved for the science of our century1 through ,drummond1 to explain the fact that the one palm saved its dates because the other palm lost its fertilizing pollen4 ,should nature refuse to obey this law of losing life in order to save it1 man's world would become one vast ,sahara waste1 an arctic desolation4 ,the law of sacrifice is also industrial law4 ,great is the power of wealth4 ,it buys comfort1 it purchases travel1 it secures instruments of culture for reason and taste1 it is almoner of bounty for sympathy and kindness4 ,flowing through man's life1 it seems like unto some ,nile flowing through ,egypt with soft1 irrigating flow1 bearing man's burdens upon its currents1 giving food to bird and beast4 ,but the story of each ,peter ,cooper1 each ,peabody1 each ,amos ,lawrence1 is the story of the ease of life lost to-day that the strength of life may be saved to-morrow4 ,each young merchant loved luxury and beauty1 but in the interests of thrift he denied the eye its hunger1 the taste its satisfaction4 ,when pride asked for dress and show1 the youth rebuked his vanity4 ,when companions scoffed at the young merchant as a niggard he subdued his sensitiveness and inured himself to rigid economy4 ,when increasing wealth began to lend influence1 and society urged him to give his evenings to gayety1 the young merchant denied the social instinct and gave his long winter evenings to broadening his knowledge and culture4 ,having lost the lower good1 at last the time came when the ,american merchant and philanthropist had saved for himself universal fame4 ,having lost ease and self-indulgence during the first half of his life1 he saved the higher ease and comfort for the second period of his career4 ,similarly of the young men in ,parliament who to-day have charge of the destinies of the ,english empire1 it may be said that they have saved their lives1 because the fathers lost theirs4 ,one hundred years ago these fathers made exiles of themselves in the interests of their sons and daughters4 ,the ,east ,india merchant exiled himself into the tropic land where heat and malaria made his skin as yellow as the gold he gained4 ,others braved the perils of the ,african forests1 dared the dangers of ,australian deserts1 endured the rigor of the arctic cold4 ,losing the lower and present happiness1 they saved the higher ease and comfort for their sons4 ,the self-denial of yesterday brought the influence of to-day4 ,upon this principle ,god has organized the industrial world4 ,man must take his choice between ease and wealth1 either may be his but not both4 ,sacrifice is also the secret of beauty1 culture and character4 ,selfishness eats sweetness from the singer's voice as rust eats the edge of a sword4 ,st4 ,cecilia refused to lend the divine touch to lips steeped in pleasure4 ,he who sings for love of gold finds his voice becoming metallic4 ,in art1 also1 ,hitchcock has said3 ,when the brush grows voluptuous it falls like an angel from heaven4 ,fra ,angelico refuses an invitation to the ,pitti palace1 choosing rather his crust and pallet in the cell of the monastery4 ,the artist gave his mornings to the poor1 his evenings to his canvas4 ,but when the painter had worn his life away in kindly deeds1 men found that the light divine had been transferred to the painter's canvas4 ,eloquence also loves sincere lips4 ,the history of oratory includes few great scenes--,demosthenes' plea for ,athenian liberty that resulted in his death1 ,luther's single challenge to the hosts of ,pope and ,emperor1 ,wendell ,phillips' at ,faneuil ,hall1 ,lincoln's at ,gettysburg4 ,all these risked life for a cause1 and were baptized with eloquence1 their words being tipped with fire1 their minds hurling thunderbolts4 ,sacrifice also is the secret of beauty4 ,after a little time the life of pleasure and selfishness will make the sweetest fact opaque and repellent1 while self-sacrificing thoughts are cosmetics that at last make the plainest face to be beautiful4 ,in the calm of scholarship men have given up the thought that culture consists of an exquisite refinement in manners and dress1 in language and equipage4 ,the poet laureate makes ,maud the type of polished perfection4 ,she is icily regular1 splendidly null1 for culture is more of the heart than of the mind4 ,but as eloquence means that an orator has so mastered the laws of posture1 and gesture and thought and speech that they are utterly forgotten1 and have become second nature1 so knowledge becomes culture1 and physical perfection becomes beauty1 only when it is unconscious4 ,in the moral realm also1 the gains for the soul begin with loss4 ,in the hour of temptation he who sacrifices the higher duty to the lower pleasure will find that ease has shorn away the strength of ,samson4 ,victor ,hugo has pictured a man committing suicide through poverty1 and deserting the duty and dwelling where ,god has placed him4 ,but waking in the next world1 the man perceives a letter on the way to himself announcing a large inheritance which would have been his had he but been patient4 ,therefore the great novelist affirms that ,god makes such a man begin over again1 only under harder conditions1 the existence that here he has willfully shattered4 ,what a tragedy is his who1 to save the present good1 will lose the higher life4 ,whittier expressed the fear that ,daniel ,webster saved his life only to lose it4 ,in his works the poet recalls the time when for genius of statesmanship and weight of mentality ,webster's like was not upon our earth4 ,but in an evil hour the statesman saw that the presidency was a prize that could be gained by giving the fugitive slave law as a sop to the ,south4 ,in that hour his character suffered grievous injury4 ,in the attempt to save men's votes he lost men's higher respect4 ,in deepest sorrow his admirers1 abroad and at home1 cried out3 ,o1 ,lucifer1 thou son of the morning1 how art thou fallen6 ,the law of sacrifice is also the law of progress and civilization4 ,when history exhibits as dead the nations that have been pleasure-seekers it declares that the state that saveth its life shall lose it4 ,in our own land the bankruptcy and gloom that have for years overshadowed the ,south speak eloquently of a national gain that is a loss4 ,one hundred years ago the ,north freed its slaves4 ,later1 when the constitution was adopted1 many statesmen believed that slavery was losing its hold in the ,south4 ,jefferson said3 ,when ,i think that ,god is just ,i tremble for my country4 ,in that hour the statesman prophesied that slavery would soon melt away like the vanishing snow of ,april4 ,but when ,whitney invented his gin and the raising of cotton became very lucrative slavery took on new life4 ,it was ,lord ,brougham who first said that when slavery brought in #ajj percent1 while it was seen to be immoral1 not all the navies of the world could stop it4 ,later1 when it brought in #cjj percent1 it became a peculiar institution1 patterned after the system of the patriarchs4 ,but when it brought in #cjj percent master and slave became a ,christian relation1 and slavery was baptized with quotations from the ,old ,testament4 ,but avarice could not forever blind men's eyes to scenes of sorrow1 nor stop their ears to sounds of woe4 ,when the horrors of the slave-market and the infamies of the cotton-field filled all the land with shame reformers arose1 declaring that the attempt to compress and confine liberty would end in explosion4 ,in that hour ,northern men made tentative overtures looking to the purchase of all slaves4 ,but slavery1 ,delilah-like1 made the southern leaders drunk with the cup of sorcery4 ,they scorned the proposition4 ,in the light of subsequent events we see that in saving her institution the ,south lost it1 and with it her wealth1 while in losing her slaves the ,north gained her wealth4 ,under free labor the ,north doubled its population1 its manufactories1 its riches and waxed mighty4 ,under slave-labor the ,south dwindled in wealth and became only the empty shell of a state4 ,the spark fired at ,fort ,sumter kindled a conflagration that swept through the sunny ,south like a devastating fire and revealed its inner poverty4 ,when four years had passed by the farmhouses and factories were ruins1 the village was a heap1 the town a desolation4 ,graveyards were as populous as cities1 each village had its company of cripples1 the cry of the orphan and the widow filled all the land4 ,when ,charles ,darwin returned from his voyage around the world1 he sent a generous contribution to the ,london ,missionary ,society4 ,the great scientist had discovered that in lessening her wealth through missions ,england had saved her treasure through commerce4 ,traveling in foreign lands1 ,darwin noticed that the ,christian teachers in schools that now touch #c1jjj1jjj of young men and women in ,india1 were really commercial agents for ,england's trade4 ,in awakening the minds of the darkened millions the teacher had created a demand for books1 newspapers and printing-presses4 ,in awakening the sense of self-respect the teacher had created a demand for ,english clothing and the product of ,english looms4 ,also the influence of each home1 with its comforts and conveniences1 created a demand for ,english tools and improvements of labor4 ,summing up his observation1 ,lord ,havelock said that each thousand dollars ,england had spent upon her missions had brought a return of a hundred thousand dollars through her commerce4 ,hitherto the interior of ,china has been closed to ,english merchants4 ,to that dark land1 therefore1 ,england has sent #bjj teachers whose homes are centers of light and inspiration4 ,when two-score years have passed ,english fleets will be taxed to the utmost to carry to ,china1 as now to ,india1 her fabrics of cotton and wool1 her presses1 looms1 sewing-machines1 her pictures1 her libraries4 ,in giving of her wealth to found these destitute schools ,england will save it a hundred-fold and find new markets among #cjj1jjj1jjj people4 ,sacrifice is also the secret of influence4 ,long ago ,cicero noted that tales of heroes and eloquence and self-sacrifice cast a charm and spell upon the people4 ,when men sacrifice ease1 wealth1 rank1 life itself1 the delight of the beholders knows no bounds4 ,if we call the roll of the sons of greatness and influence we shall see that they are also the sons of self-sacrifice4 ,the ,grecian hero who lost his life that he might save his influence is typical of all the great leaders4 ,phocion was a patriot and martyr whose single error in judgment brought down a catastrophe upon his beloved ,athens4 ,when the fierce mob surrounded his house and prepared to beat down his doors1 friends offered ,phocion escape and shelter1 but the hero went calmly forth to meet his death4 ,when the day of execution arrived the cup of poison was handed to the other leaders first4 ,the jailer was careful to see to it that before he reached ,phocion he had only a few drops of hemlock left in his cup1 but the hero drew out his purse and bade a youth run swiftly to buy more poison1 saying to the onlookers3 ,athens makes her patriots pay1 even for dying4 ,losing his life1 ,phocion1 found immortal influence4 ,the history of ,holland's greatness is the history of one who saved liberty by losing his own life4 ,william the ,silent was a prince in station and in wealth1 yet for ,holland's sake made himself a beggar and an outlaw4 ,he feared ,god1 indeed1 but not the batteries of ,alva and ,philip4 ,his career reads like one who with naked fists captured a blazing cannon4 ,falling at last by the dagger of a hired assassin1 he exclaimed3 ,i commit my poor people to ,god and myself to ,god's great captain1 ,christ4 ,when he died little children cried in the streets4 ,he lost his life1 said his biographer1 but saved his fame4 ,and what shall we more say of ,italy's hero1 who wore his fiery fagots like a crown of gold2 of ,germany's hero1 who lost his priestly rites1 but gained the hearts of all mankind2 of ,england's hero1 whose very ashes were cast by enemies upon the ,river ,severn1 as if to float his influence out o'er all the world1 of ,india's hero1 ,william ,carey1 the ,english shoemaker1 who founded for ,india an educational system now reaching millions of children and youth1 who gave ,india literature1 made five grammars and six dictionaries1 and so used his commercial genius through his indigo plantation and factories that it made for him a million dollars in the interests of ,christian missions8 ,of this great company1 what can we say save that they won renown through self-renunciation6 ,what they did makes weak and unworthy what we say4 ,just here let us remember that the statue of ,jupiter was a figure so colossal that worshipers1 unable to reach the divine forehead1 cast their garlands at the hero's feet4 ,for this law of sacrifice is the secret of the ,messiah4 ,earth's great ones were taught it by their ,master4 ,jesus ,christ1 being rich1 for our sakes became poor4 ,because the law of sacrifice is the law of the ,savior1 man gains life through death and renown through self-renunciation4 ,,the ,,gentleness ,,of ,,true ,,gianthood4 ,a gentleman's first characteristic is that fineness of structure in the body which renders it capable of the most delicate sensation2 and of structure in the mind which renders it capable of the most delicate sympathies--one may say1 simply 'fineness of nature4' ,this is1 of course1 compatible with heroic bodily strength and mental firmness1 in fact1 heroic strength is not conceivable without such delicacy4 ,elephantine strength may drive its way through a forest and feel no touch of the boughs1 but the white skin of ,homer's ,atrides would have felt a bent rose leaf1 yet subdue its feeling in glow of battle1 and behave itself like iron4 ,i do not mean to call an elephant a vulgar animal1 but if you think about him carefully you will find that his non-vulgarity consists in such gentleness as is possible to elephantine nature1 not in his insensitive hide1 nor in his clumsy foot1 but in the way he will lift his foot if a child lies in his way and in his sensitive trunk1 and still more sensitive mind1 and capability of pique on points of honor4 ,hence it will follow that one of the probable signs of high-breeding in men generally will be their kindness and mercifulness4--,modern ,painters4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,the ,,gentleness ,,of ,,true ,,gianthood4 ,history has never known another such an enthusiasm for a hero as the multitude once felt toward ,jesus ,christ4 ,there have indeed been times when such patriots as ,garibaldi1 ,kossuth and ,lincoln have kindled in men an enthusiasm akin to adoration and worship4 ,yet let us hasten to confess that the qualities calculated to quicken men into raptures of devotion appeared in these patriots only in fragmentary form1 while they dwelt in ,christ in full-orbed majesty and splendor4 ,the welcome ,chicago gave to ,grant upon his return from his journey around the world2 the enthusiasm excited by ,kossuth when in #ahea he drove through ,broadway1 ,new ,york2 the wave of gratitude that swept over the ,italian multitude when ,garibaldi appeared in ,florence--all these are events that bear witness to society's devotion to its patriots and heroes4 ,but1 be it remembered1 these scenes occurred but once in the history of each of these great men4 ,it stirs wonder in us1 therefore1 that ,christ's every journey across the fields took on the aspect of a triumphal procession1 while ,his popularity waxed with familiarity and the increasing years4 ,indeed1 full oft the rapture men felt toward ,him amounted to an intoxication and an ecstasy of devotion4 ,true it is that men now look upon ,him through a blaze of light1 and1 remembering ,his achievements for art1 liberty and learning1 have stained ,his name through and through with lustrous colors4 ,as at eventide we look out upon the sun through white and golden clouds that the sun itself has lifted1 so do we behold the carpenter's son standing forth under the dazzling light of nearly two thousand years of history1 while the heart colors ,his name with all that is noblest in human aspiration and achievement4 ,nevertheless1 be it instantly confessed that from the very beginning this divine ,teacher exhibited qualities that kindled in men an enthusiasm that amounted to transcendent delight4 ,the time was when scholars attempted to explain ,his influence over the multitude by portraying ,him with a halo of light about ,his head4 ,fortunately these ideas that robbed men of all fellowship with their divine brother have perished1 and now we know that there was nothing unusual about ,his appearance1 nor did any effulgent light blaze forth from ,his person4 ,whether or not unique beauty of face and form was ,his we do not know4 ,coins and statues portray for us the ,roman emperors and the ,greek scholars4 ,yet art has broken down utterly in the attempt to combine in one face ,christ's majesty and meekness1 strength and gentleness1 suffering and victory4 ,all that we can know of ,his personal appearance must be gained through imagination1 as it clothed ,him with those traits that alone cannot account for ,his influence over the multitudes4 ,what sweet allurement in the face that made children leap into ,his arms6 ,what winsome benignity that made mothers feel that ,his touch would return the babe with double worth into the parent's bosom6 ,purity in others has been cold and chaste as ice4 ,how strange that in ,him purity had an irresistible fascination1 so that the corruptest and wickedest felt drawn unto ,him1 and depravity itself bowed down and wept in the presence of divinity4 ,what all-forgiving love1 what all-cleansing love1 in one who by a mere look could dissolve in repentant tears men long hardened by vice and crime6 ,what an atmosphere of power ,he must have carried1 that by one beam from ,his eye ,he could smite to the very ground the soldiers who confronted ,him6 ,did ever man have such a genius for noble friendship8 ,what bosom words ,he used6 ,what love pressure in all ,his speech6 ,how were ,his words laden with double meanings1 so that hearing one thing1 men also heard another1 even as they who hear the sound of the distant sea1 knowing that the sound they hear is but a breath of the great infinite ocean that heaves beyond in the dim1 vast dark4 ,among all the heroes of time ,he walks solitary by the greatness of ,his power1 ,his beauty and the wonder of love ,his personality excited4 ,standing in the presence of some glorious cathedral or gallery1 beholding the ,parthenon or pyramids1 the rugged mountain or the beautiful landscape1 emotion and imagination are sometimes so deeply stirred that men lose command of themselves and break into transports of admiration4 ,but the enthusiasm evoked by mountain or statue or canvas is as nothing compared to the rapturous devotion felt by the multitude for this ,one1 who united in full splendor all those eminent qualities of mind and heart that all the ages and generations have in vain sought to emulate4 ,high over all the other worthies ,he rises like a star riding in untroubled splendor above the low-browed hills4 ,in all ages great men have educated themselves by reading the biography of ancient worthies1 and emulating the example of the heroes of antiquity4 ,great has been the influence of these reformers and philosophers1 statesmen and poets1 hanging in the heavens above men and raining down inspiration upon the human imagination4 ,yet from all the worthies of the past1 and all modern heroes1 man has drawn less of inspiration and personal influence than from the single example of this ideal ,christ4 ,passing by ,his influence upon institutions1 education1 art and literature1 we shall do well to consider how ,his example has instructed man in the art of a right carriage of the faculties in the home and market-place4 ,in the last analysis1 ,jesus ,christ is the only perfect gentleman our earth has ever known--in comparison with whom all the ,chesterfields seem boors4 ,for nothing taxes a man so heavily as the task of maintaining smooth1 pleasant and charitable relations with one's fellows4 ,and ,christ alone was able always to meet storm with calm1 hate with love1 scowls with smiles1 plottings with confidence1 envy and bitterness with unruffled tranquility4 ,in all ,his relations with ,his friends and enemies the quality that crowns ,his method of living and challenges our thought is the gentleness of ,his bearing4 ,matchless the mingled strength and beauty of ,his life1 yet gentleness was the flower and fruitage of it all4 ,for in ,him the lion and the lamb dwelt together4 ,oak and rock were there1 and also vine and flower4 ,weakness is always rough4 ,only giants can be gentle4 ,tenderness is an inflection of strength4 ,no error can be greater than to suppose that gentleness is mere absence of vigor4 ,weakness totters and tugs at its burden4 ,when the dwarf that attended ,ivanhoe at the tournament lifted the bleeding sufferer he staggered under his heavy burden4 ,weakness made him stumble and caused the wounded knight intense pain4 ,when the giant of the brawny arm and the unconquered heart came1 he lifted the unconscious sufferer like a feather's weight and without a jar bore him away to a secure hiding-place for healing and recovering4 ,he who studies the great men of yesterday will find in the last analysis that gentleness has always been the test of gianthood1 and fine considerateness the measure of manhood and the gauge of personal worth4 ,no other hero moving through the crowds has ever been so courteously gentle1 so sweetly considerate in his personal bearing as this ,christ--who never failed to kindle in men transports of delight and enthusiasm4 ,the crying fault of our generation is its lack of gentleness4 ,our age is harsh when it judges1 brutal when it blames and savage in its severity4 ,carlyle1 emptying vials of scorn upon the people of ,england1 numbering his generation by thirty millions1 mostly fools1 is typical of the publicists1 authors and critics who pelt their brother man with contemptuous scorn4 ,the author of ,robert ,elsmere exhibits that polished scholar and brilliant student as one who gave up teaching because he could find no audience on a level with his ability or worthy of his instruction4 ,having begun by despising others1 he ends by despising himself4 ,now the popularity of ,elsmere's character witnesses to the fact that our generation includes a large number of cynics who scorn their fellows and in ,elsmere see themselves as in an open glass4 ,to-day this tendency toward harshness of judgment has become more pronounced1 and there seems to be no leader so noble as to escape brutal criticism and no movement whose white flag may not be smirched by mud-slingers4 ,what epithets are hurled at each new idea6 ,what torrents of ridicule are emptied out upon each social movement6 ,the fact that society has oftentimes destroyed its noblest geniuses avails little for the restraint of harshness4 ,for years ,england was wildly merry at ,turner's expense4 ,the newspapers cartooned his paintings4 ,reviews spoke of them as color blotches4 ,the rich over their champagne made merry at the great artist's expense4 ,after a while men found a little respite from the mad chase for wealth and pleasure and discovered that ,turner's extreme examples represented peculiar moods in nature1 seen only by those who had traveled as widely as had ,turner1 while his great landscapes were as rich in imaginative quality as those of any artist of all ages4 ,only when it was too late1 only when harshness had broken the man's heart1 and scorn had fatally wounded his genius1 did scholars begin to adorn their pages by references to ,turner's fame1 did the rich begin to pay fabulous sums for the very pictures they had once despised1 the nation set apart the best room in its gallery for ,turner's works1 while the people wove for his white tombstone wreaths they had denied his brow and paid his dead ashes honors refused his living spirit4 ,in similar vein we remember the ,english-speaking world has recently been celebrating the anniversary of the birth of ,keats1 who is the only pure ,greek in all ,english literature1 for whose imagination a thing of beauty was a joy forever1 and whose genius in divining the secrets of the beautiful amounted to inspiration4 ,we know now that no poet in all time1 who died so young1 has left so much that is precious4 ,scholars are not wanting who believe that had he lived to see his maturity ,keats would have ranked with the five great poets of the first order of genius4 ,yet the publication of his volume of verse received from ,blackwood and the ,quarterly only contempt and bitter scorn4 ,waxing bold1 the penny-a-liners grew savage1 until the very skies rained lies and bitter slanders upon poor ,keats4 ,sensitive1 soon he was wounded to death4 ,after a week of sleeplessness1 he arose one morning to find a bright red spot upon his handkerchief4 ,that is arterial blood1 said he2 that drop is my death-warrant2 ,i shall die4 ,and so1 when he was one-and-twenty1 friends lifted above the boy's dust a marble slab1 upon which was written3 ,here lies one whose name was writ in water4 ,now his name shines like a star1 while low down and bespattered with mud are the names of those whose cruel criticisms helped to kill the boy and whose only claim to immortality is their brutality4 ,witness also the contempt our age once visited upon ,browning1 whose mind is slowly becoming recognized as one of the rich-gold minds of our century4 ,witness the sport over ,ruskin's ,munera ,pulveris1 and the scornful reception given ,carlyle's ,sartor ,resartus4 ,now that a few years have passed1 those who once reviled are teaching their children the pathway to the graves of the great4 ,the harshness of the world's treatment of its greatest teachers makes one of the most pathetic chapters in history4 ,god gives each nation only a few men of supreme talent4 ,gives it1 for greatness is not made2 it is found as is the gold4 ,gold cannot be made out of mud2 it is uncovered4 ,and ,god gives each generation a few men of the first order2 and when they have created truth and beauty they have the right while they live to kindness and sympathy1 not harshness and cynicism4 ,no youth winning the first goal of his ambition was ever injured by knowing that his father's face did not flush with pride1 while his mother's eyes were filled with happy tears1 in joy of his first victory4 ,no noble lover but girds himself for a second struggle the more resolutely for knowing that his noble mistress rejoiced in his first conquest4 ,frost itself is not more destructive to harvest fields than harshness is to the creative faculties4 ,strange that ,florence gave ,dante exile in exchange for his immortal poem6 ,strange that ,london gave ,milton threats of imprisonment for the manuscript of ,paradise ,lost6 ,passing strange that until his career was nearly run universities visited upon ,john ,ruskin only scorn and contumely1 that ruined his health and broke his heart1 withholding the wreath until1 as he said pathetically1 his only pleasure was in memory1 his ambition in heaven1 and he knew not what to do with his laurel leaves save lay them wistfully upon his mother's grave4 ,in every age the critics that have refused honor to its worthies1 living1 have heaped gifts high upon the graves of its dead4 ,that generation and individual must be far from perfect that is characterized by the presence of harshness and the absence of gentleness4 ,with a great blare of trumpets our century has been praised for its ingenuity1 its wealth and comforts1 its instruments1 refinement and culture4 ,but history tells of no man who has carried his genius up to such supreme excellence that society has forgotten his vice or forgiven the faults that marred his rare gifts4 ,what genius had ,de ,quincey6 ,marvelous the myriad-minded ,coleridge6 ,the opium-habit1 however1 was a vice that eclipsed their fame and robbed them of half their rightful influence4 ,voltaire's style was so faultlessly perfect that if the sentences lying across his page had been strings of pearls they could have been no more beautiful4 ,but ,voltaire's excesses make a black mark across the white page before each reader's mind4 ,rousseau's writings are so melodious that1 long after laying aside the book the ear would be filled with the sound of delicious music were it not that the reader seems ever to hear the moan of the four children whose unnatural father1 without even giving them a name1 placed them in the foundling-asylum4 ,early ,carlyle wooed and won one of the most brilliant girls of his day1 whose signal talent shone in the crowded drawing-rooms of ,london like a sapphire blazing among pebbles4 ,yet her husband lacked gentleness4 ,slowly harshness crept into ,carlyle's voice4 ,soon the wife gave up her favorite authors to read the husband's notes2 then she gave up all reading to relieve him of details2 at last her very being was placed on the altar of sacrifice--fuel to feed the flame of his fame and genius4 ,long before the end came she was submerged and almost forgotten4 ,one day two distinguished foreign authors called upon ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,carlyle4 ,for an hour the philosopher poured forth vehement tirade against the commercial spirit1 while the good wife never once opened her lips4 ,at last the author ceased talking1 and there was silence for a time4 ,suddenly ,carlyle thundered3 ,jane1 stop breathing so loud6 ,long years before ,jane had stopped doing everything else except breathe4 ,and so1 obedient to the injunction1 a few days afterward she ceased breathing so loud4 ,when a few weeks had gone by ,carlyle discovered1 through reading her journal1 that his wife had for want of affection frozen and starved to death within his home like some poor traveler who had fallen in the snows beyond the door4 ,for years1 without his realizing it1 she had kept all the wheels oiled1 kept his body in health and his mind in happiness4 ,only when it was too late did the husband realize that his fame was largely his wife's4 ,then did the old man begin his pathetic pilgrimage to his wife's grave1 where ,froude often found him murmuring3 ,if ,i had only known6 ,if ,i had only known6 ,for all his supreme gifts and rare talents were marred by harshness4 ,intellectual brilliancy weighs light as punk against the gold of gentleness and character4 ,half ,carlyle's books1 weighted by a gentle1 noble spirit1 would have availed more for social progress than these many volumes with the bad taste they leave in the mouth4 ,the sign of ripeness in an apple1 a peach1 is beauty1 and the test of character is gentleness and kindness of heart4 ,one of the crying needs of society is a revival of gentleness and of a refined considerateness in judging others4 ,there is no disposition that cuts at the very root of character like harshness1 and there is nothing that blights happiness and breeds discord like unlovingness and severity of judgment4 ,we hear much of industrial strife1 social warfare and want of sympathy between the classes4 ,be it remembered1 gentleness alone can be invoked to heal the breach4 ,there is a legend that when ,jacob with his family and flocks met ,esau with his children and herds1 the angels of ,god hovered in the air above the two brothers and began to rain gifts down upon their companies4 ,strangely enough1 each forgetting the gifts falling in his own camp1 rushed forth to pick up the gifts falling in that of his brother4 ,there was anger stirred4 ,epithets and stones began to fly1 until all the air was filled with flying weapons4 ,in such a scrimmage the messengers of peace had no place4 ,soon the sound of receding wings died out of the air1 the gifts ceased to fall and all things faded into the light of common day4 ,this legend interprets to us how harshness breeds strife and robs man of his gifts from ,god and his happiness through his brother man4 ,several years ago an industrial war was waged in the coal districts of ,england that cost that nation untold treasure4 ,it is said that the strife grew out of harsh words between the leaders of the opposing factions4 ,it seemed that the industrious and worthy poor men overlooked the fact that there were industrious and worthy rich men and insisted on speaking only of the idle and spendthrift rich4 ,then followed his opponent who1 as an industrious and worthy rich man1 insisted on ignoring the industrious and worthy poor1 but spoke only of the idle and thriftless poor1 the paupers and parasites4 ,soon gentleness was forgotten and harshness remembered4 ,soon there came the trampled cornfields and the bloody streets4 ,teachers also need to learn the lesson of ,arnold of ,rugby4 ,one day the great instructor spake harshly to a dull boy1 who an hour afterward came to him with tearful eyes1 and in a half-sobbing voice exclaimed2 ,but why are you angry1 sir8 ,i am doing my best4 ,then ,arnold learned that a lesson easy for one mind may be a torture for another4 ,so he begged the boy's pardon1 and recognized the principle of gentleness that afterward made him the greatest instructor of his time4 ,not war1 not pestilence1 not famine itself1 produces for each generation so much misery and unhappiness as is wrought in the aggregate through the accumulated harshness of each generation4 ,blessed are the happiness-makers6 ,blessed are they who with humble talents make themselves like the mignonette1 creators of fragrance and peace6 ,thrice blessed are they who with lofty talents emulate the vines that climbing high never forget to blossom1 and the higher they climb do ever shed sweet blooms upon those beneath6 ,no single great deed is comparable for a moment to the multitude of little gentlenesses performed by those who scatter happiness on every side and strew all life with hope and good cheer4 ,life holds no motive for stimulating gentleness in man like the thought of the gentleness of ,god4 ,unfortunately1 it seems difficult for man to associate delicacy and gentleness with vastness and strength4 ,it was the misfortune of ,greek philosophers and is1 indeed1 that of nearly all the modern theologians1 to suppose that a perfect being cannot suffer4 ,both schools of thought conceive of ,god as sitting upon a marble throne1 eternally young1 eternally beautiful1 beholding with quiet indifference from afar how man1 with infinite blunderings1 sufferings and tears makes his way forward4 ,yet ,he who holds the sun in the hollow of his hand1 who takes up the isles as a very little thing1 who counts the nations but as the dust in the balance1 is also the gentle ,one4 ,like the wide1 deep ocean1 that pulsates into every bay and creek and blesses the distant isles with its dew and rain1 so ,god's heart throbs and pulsates unto the uttermost parts of the universe1 having a parent's sympathy for ,his children who suffer4 ,indeed1 the seer ranges through all nature searching out images for interpreting ,his all-comprehending gentleness4 ,even the bruised reed he will not break4 ,lifting itself high in the air1 a mere lead pencil for size1 weighted with a heavy top1 a very little injury shatters a reed4 ,some rude beast1 in wild pursuit of prey1 plunges through the swamp1 shatters the reed1 leaves it lying upon the ground1 all bruised and bleeding1 and ready to die4 ,such is ,god's gentleness that1 though man make himself as worthless as a bruised reed2 though by his ignorance1 frailty and sin he expel all the manhood from his heart and life1 and make himself of no more value than one of the myriad reeds in the world's swamps1 still doth ,god say3 ,my gentleness is such that ,i will direct upon this wounded life thoughts that shall recuperate and heal1 until at last the bruised reed shall rise up in strength1 and judgment shall issue in victory4 ,and as ,god's gentleness would go one step further1 there is added the tender lesson of the smoking flax4 ,our glowing electric bulbs suffer no injury from blasts1 and our lamps have like strength4 ,the time was1 when1 wakened by the cry of the little sufferer1 the ancient mother sprang up to strike the tinder and light the wick in the cup of oil4 ,only with difficulty was the tinder kindled4 ,then how precious the spark that one breath of air would put out6 ,with what eagerness did the mother guard the smoking flax6 ,and in setting forth the gentleness of ,god it is declared that1 with eyes of love1 ,he searches through each heart1 and if ,he find so much as a spark of good in the outcast1 the publican1 the sinner1 ,he will tend that spark and feed it toward the love that shall glow and sparkle forever and ever2 for evil is to be conquered1 and ,god will not so much punish as exterminate sin from ,his universe4 ,his strength is inflicted toward gentleness1 ,his justice tempered with mercy1 and all his attributes held in solution of love4 ,no longer should medievalism becloud ,god's gentle face4 ,cleanse your thoughts1 as once the artist in ,milan cleansed the grime and soot from the wall where ,dante's lustrous face was hidden4 ,with shouts and transports of joy and admiration men welcome the patriot or hero who in times of danger held the destiny of the people in his hands and never once betrayed it4 ,and let each intellect soar without hindrance1 and the heart pour itself out before ,god in a freshet of divine love4 ,great is the genius of ,plato or ,bacon1 revealing itself in tides of thought1 but greater and richer is the genius of the heart that is conscious of vast1 deep fountains of love1 that may be poured forth in generous tides before the ,god whose throne is mercy1 whose face is light1 whose name is love1 whose strength is gentleness1 whose considerateness is our pledge of pardon1 peace and immortality4 ,,the ,,thunder ,,of ,,silent ,,fidelity3 ,a ,,study ,,of ,,the ,,influence ,,of ,,little ,,things4 ,we treat ,god with irreverence by banishing ,him from our thoughts1 not by referring to ,his will on slight occasions4 ,his is not the finite authority or intelligence which cannot be troubled with small things4 ,there is nothing so small but that we may honor ,god by asking ,his guidance of it1 or insult ,him by taking it into our own hands2 and what is true of ,deity is equally true of ,his ,revelation4 ,we use it most reverently when most habitually2 our insolence is in ever acting without reference to it1 our true honoring of it is in its universal application4 ,i have been blamed for the familiar introduction of its sacred words4 ,i am grieved to have given pain by so doing1 but my excuse must be my wish that those words were made the ground of every argument and the test of every action4 ,we have them not often enough on our lips1 nor deeply enough in our memories1 nor loyally enough in our lives4 ,the snow1 the vapour and the strong wind fulfil ,his word4 ,are our acts and thoughts lighter and wilder than these1 that we should forget it8--,ruskin4 ,i expect to pass through this life but once4 ,if there is any kindness or any good thing ,i can do to my fellow-beings let me do it now4 ,i shall pass this way but once4---,william ,penn4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,the ,,thunder ,,of ,,silent ,,fidelity3 ,a ,,study ,,of ,,the ,,influence ,,of ,,little ,,things4 ,schliemann1 uncovering marbles upon which ,phidias and his followers carved out immortality for themselves1 has not wrought more effectually for the increase of knowledge than have those excavators in ,egypt who have uncovered the ,rosetta stone1 with other manuscripts of brick and marble4 ,of all these instructive tablets and tombs1 none are more interesting than one picturing forth a national festival in the ,jewish capital4 ,upon his canvas of stone the unknown artist portrays for us ,herod's temple with its outer courts and columns and its massive walls4 ,we see the public square crowded with merchants and traders1 who have come in from the great cities of the world to this festival of the fathers4 ,with solemn pageantry1 these ,jews1 who were the bankers and merchants of that far-off age1 march through the streets toward the gate that is called ,beautiful4 ,in the vast parade are men notable by their princely wealth in ,ephesus and ,antioch1 in ,alexandria and ,rome4 ,we see one advancing with his retinue of servants1 another with the train which corresponds to his wealth4 ,one group the artist exhibits as characteristic4 ,advancing before their lord and master are four servants1 who lift up in the presence of admiring spectators a platter upon which lies a heap of shining gold4 ,the murmur of admiration that runs through the crowd is sweeter to the old merchant's ear than any music of harp or human voice4 ,passing by the treasury1 what gifts are cast upon the resounding table6 ,how heavy the bars of gold6 ,what silver plate6 ,what pearls and jewels6 ,how rich the fabrics and hangings for the temple6 ,as at ,st4 ,peter in the sixteenth century1 so in ,christ's day it seemed as if the whole world were being swept for treasures for enriching this glorious temple4 ,but when the lions of the procession had all passed by1 there followed also the crowd of stragglers4 ,from this post of observation we are told that ,christ saw a poor widow advancing4 ,with falling tears1 yet with exquisite grace and tenderness1 she cast in two mites1 or one half-penny1 then passed on to worship him whom she loved1 all unconscious of the fact that she had also passed into immortality4 ,for the noise of the gold falling into the resounding chest has long since died away4 ,jerusalem itself is in ruins4 ,the old temple with its magnificence has gone to decay4 ,the proud thrones and monarchies have all fallen into dust4 ,but the silent fidelity of this obscure woman is a voice that thunders down the long aisles of time4 ,a thousand times hath she encouraged heroism in poet and parent4 ,ten thousand times hath she been an inspiration to reformers and martyrs6 ,love and fidelity have embalmed her deed and lent her immortality4 ,in the very center of the world's civilization stands her monument4 ,for her ,arc de ,triomphe has been built in the human heart4 ,her monument does not appeal to the eye2 it is not carved in stone2 yet it is more permanent than gold1 and her fame outshines all flashing jewels4 ,while love and admiration endure the story of her humble fidelity shall abide indestructible6 ,the great ,italian first noted that thrice only did ,christ stretch forth his hand to build a monument1 and each time it was to immortalize a deed of humble fidelity4 ,once a disciple gave a cup of cold water to one of ,god's little ones1 and won thereby imperishable renown4 ,once a woman broke an alabaster box for her master1 and1 lo6 her deed has been like a broken vase1 whose perfume has exhaled for two thousand years1 and shall go on diffusing sweetness to the end of time4 ,last of all1 after the rich men of ,alexandria had cast their rattling gold into the brazen treasury1 a poor widow cast a speck of dust called two mites1 and1 lo6 this humble deed gave her enduring recollection4 ,it seems that immortal renown is achieved not so much by the solitary deed of greatness as by humble fidelity to life's details1 and that modest ,christian living that regards small deeds and minor duties4 ,ours is a world in which life's most perfect gifts and sweetest blessings are little things4 ,take away love1 daily work1 sweet sleep1 and palaces become prisons and gold seems contemptible4 ,the classic poet tells of ,kind ,transcriber's note3 ,king8 ,midas1 to whom was offered whatsoever he wished1 and whose avarice led him to choose the golden touch4 ,but lo6 his blessing became a curse4 ,rising to dress he found himself shivering in a coat with threads of gold4 ,going into his garden he stooped to breathe the perfume of the roses1 and1 lo6 the dewy petals became yellow points that pierced his face4 ,breakfasting1 the bread became metal in his mouth4 ,lifting a goblet the water became a solid mass4 ,swinging his little daughter in his arms one kiss turned the sweet child into a cold statue4 ,a single hour availed to drive happiness from ,midas' heart4 ,in an agony of despair he besought the gods for simple things4 ,he asked for one cup of cold water1 one cluster of fruit and his little daughter's loving heart and hand4 ,and as with wealth1 so wisdom without life's little things is impotent for happiness4 ,genius hath its charm2 nevertheless1 the wisest of men have also been the saddest of men4 ,the story of literary greatness is a piteous tale4 ,history tells of many beautiful and gifted girls who have married scholars for their genius1 fame and position4 ,when these honors were theirs they wakened to discover that all were less than nothing1 since tenderness refused its mite and sympathy gave cot its cup of cold water4 ,home and fame became dungeons in which the soul sat and famished for love's little courtesies4 ,for no palace was ever so beautiful1 no royal wine quaffed from vessels of gold was ever so sweet as to satisfy hearts famishing for one mite of that heavenly manna love prepares1 or one cup filled with kindness4 ,down in a corner of a window of an ,english palace may be found faint lines scratched with a woman's diamond4 ,what a tragedy in those words1 ,my prison6 ,it seems the sweet girl1 ,jane ,grey1 entered her palace with a leaping heart1 but her lord had no time to break upon her white forehead the tiny box of life's ointment4 ,hers was the palace2 hers also a thousand rich gifts called titles1 lands1 castles1 maids of honor1 dresses1 jewels4 ,yet because the castles held no sweet courtesies the journal of that beautiful girl reminds us of some young bird that beats with bloody wings against the bars of an iron cage4 ,for life is made up not of joys few and intense1 but of joys many and gentle4 ,great happiness is the sum of many small drops4 ,god makes the days that are channels of mighty and tumultuous joys to be few and far between4 ,for highly spiced joys exhaust4 ,all who seek intense pleasure will find not enjoyment but yearnings for enjoyment4 ,happiness is in simple things2 a cup of cold water1 health and a perfect day2 dreamless sleep1 honest toil1 the esteem of the worthy1 the caresses of little children1 a love that waxes with the increasing years4 ,our appreciation of the principle that greatness of any form is an accumulation of little deeds will be freshened by an outlook upon nature's method4 ,the old science unveiled the universe as a divine thought rushing into instant form1 stars and suns being sparks struck out on the anvil of omnipotence4 ,the new science has found that earth's every atom has been slowly polished by an infinite artisan and architect4 ,if we descend into the sea we shall find that the reefs and islands against which the tides of the ,pacific dash in vain are built of coral insects1 whose every organ exhibits the delicate skill of a diamond or snowflake4 ,if we stand upon the fruitful plain where men build cities we shall discern that each flake of the rich soil represents the perfect crystallization of drops of melted granite4 ,if we take the wings of the morning and dwell upon the summit of the ,matterhorn there also we find that the mountain hath its height and majesty through particles themselves weak and little4 ,for the geologist who analyzes the topmost peak of the ,alpine ridge must go back to a little flake of mica1 that ages and ages ago floated along some one of earth's rivers1 too light to sink1 too feeble to find the fiber of a lichen1 therefore dropped into the ooze of mire and decay4 ,yet hardened by earth's processes1 the day came when that flake of mica was lifted up upon the mountain's peak1 wrought into the strength of imperishable iron1 rustless by the air1 infusible by the flame1 capping the very summit of the ,alpine tower4 ,above it--that little obscure mica flake--the north winds rage1 yet all in vain1 below it--the feeble mica flake--the snowy hills lie bowing themselves like flocks of sheep1 and the distant kingdoms fade away in unregarded blue4 #a ,around it--the weak1 wave-drifted mica flake--booms all the artillery of storms1 when electric arrows with blunted points fall back from its front1 as it lifts its might and majesty toward the enduring stars4 ,if ages ago the sages said1 ,god is not in the earthquake1 nor in the storm1 but in the still small voice1 now science reaffirms the declaration that omnipotence is revealed not so much through awful cataclysms and earthquake forces as through the silent agents and hidden processes that make the plains to be fruitful and hillsides to be rich in corn4 ,in the past astronomy has been the favorite science1 emphasizing the distant stars and suns4 ,the science of the future is to be chemistry1 emphasizing atoms and elements4 ,journeying outward in pursuit of the footsteps of ,god1 advancing upon his distant and dizzy march1 man's vision faints and falls upon the horizon beyond which are indiscernible splendors4 ,journeying inward upon the wings of the microscope1 we shall find that there is another realm of beauty beyond which the utmost vision of man cannot pierce4 ,for before the microscope the last discernible particle dies out of sight with the same perfect glory on it as on the last orb that glimmers in the skirts of the universe4 ,if ,god is throned in the clouds ,he is also tabernacled in the dewdrop and palaced in the bud and blossom4 ,the history of nations and individuals teaches us that the greatest gifts are poor and empty and the most signal talents worthless if the small things be not done1 the two mites be not given4 ,for life is marred by little infelicities and ruined by little errors4 ,the broken columns and marble heaps in lands where once were cities represent destructions not so much through tornadoes and earthquakes as through small vices and unnoticed sins4 ,in modern life also1 journeying through city and forest and field1 the economist returns to tell us that life's chief wastes are through little enemies and foes4 ,it is a minute bug that steals the golden berry from the wheat2 it is a tiny germ upon the leaf that blights the budding peach and pear1 it is a rough spot upon the potato that fills all ,ireland with fear of famine2 it is a worm that bores through the planks of the ship's hull and alarms old seacaptains as approaching battleships could not4 ,the enemies of human life are not enemies that fill man's streets with banners and charging cannon4 ,we wage war against the dust mote ambushed in the sunbeam2 we fight against weapons hurled from those battleships called drops of impure water2 we wrestle with those hosts whose broadsides invisible rise from streets foul1 or fall from poisoned clouds4 ,such enemies that lurk in dampness and darkness1 a thousand fall at thy side and ten thousand at thy right hand4 ,that great catastrophe that overtook ,holland a century ago is not explained by a tidal wave that pierced through the dikes2 the disaster was through the crawfishes that opened tiny holes and1 weakening the bulwarks1 let in the onrushing sea4 ,it was but a trifling error also that robbed the generations of one of man's divinest pictures4 ,three hundred years ago the monks made tight and strong the roof above the room where was ,da ,vinci's ,last ,supper4 ,a thousand tiles were fastened down and all save one were perfect4 ,the one hid a secret hole4 ,when months had passed and the driving storm came from the right direction the rain found out that hidden fault and1 rushing in1 a flood of drops streamed down o'er the wall and made a great black mark across the noble painting1 and ruined the central face forever4 ,human life is ruined through the absence of humble virtues and the presence of little faults4 ,there is no man so great1 no gift so brilliant1 but let it be whispered that there is falseness in the life of the hero1 and immediately his greatness is dwarfed1 his eloquence becomes a trick1 his authority is impaired4 ,reading ,robert ,burns' poems1 he seems wiser than all the scholars1 wittier than all the humorists1 more courtly than princes4 ,his genius blazes like a torch among the tapers4 ,but watching this son of genius and of liberty weave a net for his own feet1 and fashion a snare for his own faculties1 with wistful hearts we long1 as one has said1 to hear the exulting and triumphant cry of the strong man coming to himself1 ,i will arise4 ,but he loved the barroom more than the library1 and so fell on death at seven and thirty1 and lost his right to rule as a king o'er men's hearts and lives4 ,byron1 too1 and ,goethe had gifts so resplendent that in kings' palaces they shine like diamonds amid the pebbles4 ,what a constellation of gifts was theirs6 ,culture1 sanity1 imagination1 wit1 courage1 vigor--all these stars were grouped in their mental constellations6 ,yet little vices dethroned these kings and made them plebeian4 ,it is the absence of little virtues and sweet domestic graces that seem trifling as the two mites that robs the ,roman poets and orators of their power over us4 ,they had urbanites indeed1 flowers1 music1 art1 oratory1 letters1 song4 ,the events of each day were executed like a piece of music1 and even their sarcophagi were covered with scenes of feasting and revelry4 ,but they were not true2 and that false note jars through all their pages4 ,harshness in the poet and pride in the orator make their refinement and culture seem but skin deep4 ,we note that ,pompeii was a paradise built beside a crater4 ,the traveler tells us if we strike the rocky earth it rings hollow4 ,close by the calm lake is a boiling spring4 ,in the very heart of the orange groves rises a column of smoke and steam4 ,the mist of lava jars on the music of summer1 the scent of sulphur mingles with the scent of roses4 ,not for a moment can the traveler forget that beneath all this opulence of color and fragrance rages a colossal furnace4 ,thus the harshness and selfishness found in the eloquence and poetry of the ancient writers rob us of all joy in their splendid gifts4 ,we yield homage only to the greatness that is also goodness4 ,to ten-talent power the hero must also add tenderness to his own1 kindness to the weak1 unfailing sympathy to all4 ,no giant is a full giant until he is also gentle1 stooping to give his two mites to the weak1 bearing to the weary his cup of cold water1 ever emulating that hero1 ,sir ,philip ,sydney1 wounded sorely indeed1 but pushing away the canteen because the soldier1 suffering great pain1 had greater need4 ,in one of his essays ,lowell notes that the great reform monuments are the humble deeds of humble persons1 taken up and repeated by an entire people4 ,the final victories for liberty and religion are emblazoned upon monuments and celebrated in song and story1 but the beginnings of these achievements for mankind are often given over to obscurity and forgetfulness4 ,our age makes much of the ,red ,cross movement4 ,hardly fifty years have passed since two ,english girls boarded the steamer that was to carry them to the ,crimea4 ,upon the distant battlefields1 with their deserted cannon1 wounded horses and dying men1 at first these gentle girls seemed strangely out of place4 ,the hospitals were full2 neglected soldiers were lying in the thickets1 whither they had crawled to die4 ,counseling with none1 these brave girls moved across the battlefields like angels of mercy4 ,many years have passed4 ,now these nurses bring hope to every battlefield1 and minister to every stricken ,armenia1 for the story of that sweet girl has filled the earth with ,king's ,daughters4 ,one hundred years ago also ,england left her orphan babes to grow up in the country poorhouse1 midst surroundings often vulgar1 profane and brutal4 ,one day two sweet babes1 unnamed and unwelcomed1 lay in the garret of a county-house in the outskirts of ,london4 ,then a poor1 half-witted spinster1 hearing of the young mother's death1 found her way to the garret1 brooded o'er the babes with all the dignity of our ,mother of ,sorrows1 took the babes to her heart and planned how1 with six shillings a week1 she might keep bread in three hungry mouths4 ,four years passed by1 and one day the lord of the manor stayed a moment before this woman's hovel and heard her prayer for the two boys clinging to her skirts4 ,soon the story of the woman's mercy was heard in every ,english pulpit1 and in every town men and women made their way to the county-houses to take away the orphan babes and found instead some asylum for ,god's little ones4 ,now noble men in distant lands plan homes and shelter for little children1 and the work of the obscure woman is a part of the history of reform4 ,humble also is the origin of the anti-slavery movement that won its final victory at ,appomattox4 ,a century and more ago a young ,moravian made his way to ,jamaica as a ,herald of ,christ and his message of good-will4 ,the horrors of slavery in that far-off time cannot be understood by our age4 ,then each week some ,african slaver landed with its cargo of naked creatures4 ,slaves were so cheap that it was simpler to kill them with rapid work and purchase new ones than to care for the wants of captives weakened by several summers4 ,what horrors under overseers in the field6 ,what outrages in slave-market and pen6 ,so grievous were the wrongs negroes suffered at white men's hands that they would not listen to this young teacher4 ,at last1 despairing of their confidence1 the brave youth had himself sold as a slave and wrought in the fields under the overseer's lash4 ,fellowship with their sufferings won their confidence and love4 ,when the day's task was done the poor creatures crowded about him to receive ,christ's cup of cold water4 ,long years after the young hero had fallen upon the sugar plantation his story came to the ears of young ,wilberforce and armed him with courage invincible against ,england's traffic in flesh and blood4 ,soon ,parliament freed the ,west ,india slaves and ,lincoln emancipated our freedmen4 ,but side by side with the heroes of liberty famed through monument and solemn oration1 let us mention the young ,moravian hero who loved ,christ's little ones1 and in giving two mites and a cup of cold water1 lost his life1 indeed1 but found immortal fame4 ,this modest deed that bought renown also tells us that enduring remembrance is possible for all4 ,great deeds the majority cannot do4 ,two-talent men march in millions1 but the ten-talent men are few and far between4 ,many scientists--one ,newton4 ,thousands of poets--but the ,elizabethan eras are separated by centuries4 ,great is the company of the orators--but to each generation only one ,webster and one ,clay4 ,as each continent hath but one mountain range1 so the elect minds stand isolated in the ages4 ,all greatness is mysterious1 and like ,god's throne1 genius is girt about with clouds and darkness4 ,if great men are infrequent1 the world's need of great men is as occasional4 ,society advances in happiness and culture1 not through striking1 dramatic acts1 but through myriads of unnumbered and unnoticed deeds4 ,even the heroes dying upon the battlefield ask not for ,plato nor ,bacon1 but for a cup of cold water4 ,to ,benedict ,arnold1 dying in his garret1 came a physician1 who said1 ,is there anything you wish8 and heard this answer2 ,only a friend4 ,traitors sometimes each of us also4 ,traitors to our deepest convictions and our highest ideals1 and in the hours when the fever of discontent burns fiercely within us1 and the mind seems half-delirious in its trouble1 we also ask for a friend bringing a mite of sympathy and a cup of cold water4 ,let us confess it--we are all famishing for love and the kind word that says3 ,in your ,gethsemane you are not alone4 ,god secures for us our happiness1 not through speech about the heavens and firmament1 but through the comfort that comes through speech over little things4 ,he feeds the birds1 adorns the lily1 clothes the grass1 numbers man's troubles4 ,he is the ,shepherd seeking the one sheep1 the father waiting for the lost son4 ,his kingdom is a little leaven working in the world's meal1 ,his truth being no larger than a grain of mustard-seed4 ,above each little one bows some guardian angel beholding the face of its heavenly ,father4 ,and ,he who unites grains of sand for making planets and rays of light for glorious suns1 and blades of grass for the solid splendor of field and pasture and drops of water for the ocean that blesses every continent with its dew and rain1 teaches us also that great principles will organize the little words1 little prayers1 little aspirations and little services into the full-orbed splendor of an enduring character and an immortal fame4 ,happily none need journey far nor search long for opportunities of humble fidelity4 ,into our midst come each year thousands of boys who are strangers in the great city4 ,passing along the streets these lonely lads behold each horse having some friendly hand to care for it4 ,yea6 each sleek dog hath some owner's name engraven on the collar for the neck4 ,but for the youth1 weeks pass by1 and no face lifts a friendly smile1 no hand is outstretched in gentle kindness1 and oft the thought is bitter3 ,no man careth for my soul4 ,the youth who sits in the seat beside you asks only that the leaflet be shared in brotherliness1 and you may lift upon the discouraged one a smile that saith2 ,once the battle went sore with me1 also1 but be of good cheer1 you shall overcome4 ,such friendliness is the two mites that buy enduring rembrance4 ,for if each must fight his own battles1 face for himself the spectres of doubt1 and slay them2 if each must be his own surgeon and draw the iron from the soul1 still sympathy is a precious boon1 and it is given to man to give the cup of tenderness to the warrior sorely wounded in life's battle4 ,in ancient times when men's cabins were built on the edge of the wilderness1 not yet cleared of wild beasts1 sometimes the little ones wandered from the path and were lost in the forest1 until the cry of terror revealed the awful danger that threatened and caused the mother to speed forth with winged feet and lift her body as a shield against the enemy4 ,daily these scenes are re-enacted1 not in songs and dramas1 but through the work of those who rescue the city's children from squalor1 filth and sin4 ,what redemptions' man's little deeds do bring6 ,for #cj1jjj ,peter ,faneuil bought immortality and forever associated his name with liberty4 ,to-day that amount will erect the social settlement in the needy quarter of some city and give hundreds of young people opportunity and field for ,bible-schools1 kindergartens1 nursery1 gymnasium1 mothers' classes1 men's clubs1 singing-schools and also associate man's name with the happiness and civilization of an entire community4 ,mammon will care for the children of strength and good fortune1 and fame will guard the sons of success2 let us guard the weak and lowly4 ,in the ,roman triumph1 when a general came home with his spoils1 many captives went with his chariot up to the capital4 ,and happy 'twill be for us if in the hour when the sunset gun shall sound and we pass beyond the flood ,god's little ones mourn us with tears of gratitude while all the trumpets sound for us on the other side4 #a ,ruskin's ,modern ,painters1 ,vol4 iv41 page #bhd4 ,transcriber's note3 ,in the original book1 there was no footnote symbol in the page where this footnote appeared4 ,i've made a best guess of its intended location4 ,,influence1 ,,and ,,the ,,strategic ,,element ,,in ,,opportunity4 ,and now1 gentlemen1 was this vast campaign fought without a general8 ,if ,trafalgar could not be won without the mind of a ,nelson1 or ,waterloo without the mind of a ,wellington1 was there no one mind to lead these innumerable armies1 on whose success depended the future of the whole human race8 ,did no one marshal them in that impregnable convex front1 from the ,euxine to the ,north ,sea8 ,no one guide them to the two great strategic centres of the ,black ,forest and ,trieste8 ,no one cause them1 blind barbarians without maps or science1 to follow those rules of war without which victory in a protracted struggle is impossible3 and by the pressure of the ,huns behind1 force on their flagging myriads to an enterprise which their simplicity fancied at first beyond the powers of mortal men8 ,believe it who will2 ,i cannot4 ,but while ,i believe that not a stone or a handful of mud gravitates into its place without the will of ,god2 that it was ordained1 ages since1 into what particular spot each grain of gold should be washed down from an ,australian quartz reef1 that a certain man might find it at a certain moment and crisis of his life--if ,i be superstitious enough 7as thank ,god ,i am7 to hold that ,creed1 shall ,i not believe that though this great war had no general upon earth1 it may have had a general in ,heaven2 and that in spite of all their sins the hosts of our forefathers were the hosts of ,god8--,charles ,kingsley4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,influence1 ,,and ,,the ,,strategic ,,element ,,in ,,opportunity4 ,the history of a ,jewish battle includes a dramatic incident4 ,in the thick of the fight an officer brought to one of his soldiers an important prisoner4 ,keep thou this man1 said he1 with the utmost vigilance4 ,upon his person hang the issues of this campaign4 ,his skill in leading the enemy1 his courage and treachery have cost our side many lives4 ,if by any means thou shalt suffer him to escape thy life shall be for his life4 ,then1 straining more tightly the cords knotted around the prisoner's hands and feet1 the officer turned and plunged again into the thick of the fight4 ,from that moment the soldier's one duty was to guard the prisoner whose escape would work such havoc4 ,strangely enough1 he became negligent4 ,careless1 he leaned his bow and spear against the tent4 ,hungry1 he busied himself with baking a few small cakes4 ,weary1 he cast himself upon the ground1 dozing upon his elbow4 ,suddenly a noise startled his nap4 ,he sprang up just in time to see his prisoner make one leap1 then disappear into the thicket4 ,a concealed knife had cut the thongs4 ,negligence had let slip the dogs of war4 ,that night when the general returned to his tent he found the prisoner had escaped4 ,fronting his master the terror-stricken soldier had no excuse to offer save this2 ,while thy servant was busy here and there the man was gone4 ,gone opportunity6--and lightning could not equal its swift flight4 ,gone forever opportunity6--and the wings of seraphim could not overtake and bring it back4 ,gone honor1 gone fidelity1 gone good name6--all lost irretrievably4 ,for though dying be long delayed1 coming at last death would find the soldier's task unfulfilled4 ,from ,it might have been1 and ,it is too late1 ,god save us all6 ,for not ,infinity himself can reverse the wheel of events and bring back lost opportunities4 ,the genius of opportunity lies in its strategic element4 ,in every opportunity two or more forces meet in such a way that the one force so lends itself to the other as momentarily to yield plasticity4 ,nature is full of these strategic times4 ,iron passes into the furnace cold and unyielding2 coming out it quickly cools and refuses the mold2 but midway is a moment when fire so lends itself to iron1 and iron so yields its force to flame as that the metal flows like water4 ,this brief plastic moment is the inventor's opportunity1 when the metal will take on any shape for use or beauty4 ,similarly the fields offer a strategic time to the husbandman4 ,in ,february the soil refuses the plow1 the sun refuses heat1 the sky refuses rain1 the seed refuses growth4 ,in ,may comes an opportune time when all forces conspire toward harvests2 then the sun lends warmth1 the clouds lend rain1 the air lends ardor1 the soil lends juices4 ,then must the sower go forth and sow1 for nature whispers that if he neglects ,june he will starve in ,january4 ,the planets also lend interpretation to this principle4 ,years ago our nation sent astronomers to ,africa to witness the transit of ,venus4 ,preparations began months beforehand4 ,a ship was fitted up1 instruments packed1 the ocean crossed1 a site selected and the telescopes mounted4 ,scientists made all things ready for that opportune time when the sun and ,venus and earth should all be in line4 ,that critical moment was very brief4 ,instinctively each astronomer knew that his eye must be at the small end of the glass when the planet went scudding by the large end4 ,once the period of conjunction had passed no machinery would offer itself for turning the planet back upon her axis4 ,not for astronomers only are the opportune times brief4 ,for all men alike1 failure is blindness to the strategic element in events2 success is readiness for instant action when the opportune moment arrives4 ,when nature has fully ripened an opportunity man must stretch out his hand and pluck it4 ,inventions may be defined as great minds detecting the strategic moment in nature2 ,galileo finding a lens in the ox's eye2 ,watt witnessing steam lift an iron lid2 ,columbus observing an unknown wood drifting upon the shore4 ,to untold multitudes nature offered these opportune moments for discovery1 but only ,galileo1 ,watt and ,columbus were ready to seize them4 ,as for the rest1 this is our only answer to nature3 ,while thy servant was busy here and there1 the strategic moment was gone4 ,this majestic principle often appears in history4 ,there is a strategy in ,providence4 ,nations1 like individuals1 have their crisis hours4 ,through events ,god makes all society plastic1 and then raises up some great man to stamp his image and superscription upon the nation's hot and glowing heart4 ,as scholars move back along the pathway of history1 they discern in each great epoch these strategic conditions4 ,how opportune the moment when ,jesus ,christ appeared6 ,alexander's march had scattered every whither the seeds of learning2 the ,greek language had turned the whole world into one great whispering gallery1 in which the nations were assembled2 all the provinces around the ,mediterranean were linked together by the newly completed system of roads2 the ,roman judge was in every town to set forth the rights of citizens of the empire2 the ,roman soldier was there to protect all who brought messages of peace2 the long-expected hour had struck4 ,then ,christianity set forth from ,bethlehem upon its errand of love4 ,along every highway ran the eager feet of the messengers of peace and good-will4 ,events were fully ripe1 and soon ,christianity was upon the throne of the ,caesars4 ,how strategic that epoch called the fourth century6 ,he who sat in ,caesar's palace looked out upon a dying empire4 ,the old race was worn out with war and wine and wealth and luxury4 ,civilization seemed about to perish1 and society was fast sinking back into barbarism4 ,to the north of the ,alps were the forest children1 ruddy and robust1 with their glorious youth full upon them4 ,these young giants needed the dying language and literature and religion1 and these great institutions needed their young1 fresh blood4 ,but between lay the granite walls builded from sea to sea4 ,now mark what ,charles ,kingsley called the strategy of ,providence4 ,suddenly a blind impulse fell upon the forest children4 ,two columns started southward4 ,the one rested upon the ,north ,sea and marched southeast2 the other rested upon the ,ural ,mountains and marched southwest2 the two met and converged upon ,trieste4 ,without maps or military tactics or plans1 wholly ignorant that ,napoleon's favorite method of attack was being carried out by them1 these two columns converged toward the ,alpine pass1 and for ten years pounded and pounded against the ,roman walls until these yielded and fell4 ,then the forest children poured down into the vineyards and villages and cities of the dying empire4 ,multitudes remained to intermarry and preserve the dying race4 ,other multitudes returned to their old home to sow the northern forests with those great ideas that were to carry civilization through the long night of the dark ages4 ,another strategic hour came in the thirteenth century4 ,then all ,europe was stirred with new and awakening life4 ,it was dawn after darkness4 ,constantinople had fallen and scholars laden with manuscripts went forth to sow ,europe with the new learning4 ,the times were fully ripe for another great forward movement for society4 ,only one thing was lacking--great men for leaders4 ,in that strategic crisis six leaders appeared4 ,god gave each wing of the army of civilization a genius for its general4 ,copernicus overthrew superstition and brought in science2 ,luther gave religion1 ,gutenberg the printing-press1 ,calvin individualism1 ,michael ,angelo art and the beautiful1 ,erasmus critical scholarship2 and because the old world was filled with debris1 and the new ideas needed room1 ,columbus gave the new world1 offering what ,emerson calls the last opportunity of ,providence for the human race4 ,surely this was a strategic moment in history1 giving each citizen unique opportunity4 ,the strategic element enters into the individual career4 ,destiny is determined by our use of our critical hours4 ,it is as if life's great issues were staked upon a single throw4 ,not but that the forces we neglect are permanent4 ,it is that the strategic condition has passed out of them4 ,the sluggard driving his plow into the field in ,july has sun1 soil and seed1 but the torrid summer refuses to perform the gentle processes of ,april4 ,the man who in youth's strategic days denied to memory the great facts of nature and history1 in maturer years still has his memory1 but the plasticity has gone4 ,it now refuses to hold the facts he gives it4 ,the ,latin poet interprets our principle by the story of the maiden in the boat1 holding her hand in the water while she toyed with a string of pearls until the string snapped and the treasure sank into the abyss4 ,the miner interprets opportunity lost through him who1 for a rifle and a blanket1 traded a rich copper mine that has since paid its owner millions4 ,the historian interprets it by ,napoleon's bitter signal to his ,general1 tardy at ,waterloo1 ,too late6 the critical hour has passed4 ,froude interprets it through the old hero bitterly condemning himself over his wife's grave1 knowing that his wild love and fierce outburst of affection were impotent now to warm the heart that froze to death in a home4 ,ruskin interprets it through a nation that allowed her noblest to descend into the grave1 garlanding the tombstone when they refused to crown the brow2 paying honors to ashes that were denied to spirit2 wreathing immortelles only when they had no use save for laying on a grave where was one dead of a broken heart through a nation's ingratitude4 ,above all1 ,jesus ,christ interprets it at midnight in ,gethsemane1 when he saw the torches fluttering in the darkness1 heard the clanking of sabers and soldiers' armor1 and in sad1 reproachful irony wakened his disciples with these words3 ,sleep on1 now2 sleep forever if you will6 ,henceforth no stress of your vigilance can help me2 no negligence of your duty can harm me beyond the harm you have already wrought4 ,take your ease now4 ,sleep2 the opportunity has gone4 ,then was the disciples' joy turned into mourning1 and for garments of praise did they put on ashes and sackcloth4 ,an irreparable loss was theirs4 ,yet for all of us each neglected duty means a tragedy4 ,it is always now or never4 ,the treasure wrapped up in each strategic opportunity is of infinite value4 ,to-morrow can hold no joy when yesterday holds this memory3 ,while ,i was busy here and there my opportunity was gone4 ,how strategic the period of youth6 ,then the chiefest forces of life flow together in sensitive conjunction4 ,then four great gifts like four great rivers unite in one majestic current to bear up the young man's enterprises1 and sweep him on to fame and fortune4 ,opportune are all the days when health spills over at the eye and ear and laughs through the lips4 ,men worn out are like overshot wheels--the life trickles and the buckets are filled slowly by long rests and frequent vacations4 ,young men are like undershot wheels--always1 by day and night1 the water overflows the banks4 ,each morning the young soul wakens to the supreme luxury of living4 ,the world is a great beaker brimmed with wine of the gods4 ,the truth and beauty of field and forest and river give a pleasure that is exquisite to a keenly sensitive and perfectly healthy youth4 ,like an ,aeolian harp1 the slightest breath avails for wakening melody midst its strings4 ,but years multiply cares4 ,age increases heaviness4 ,time destroys its own children4 ,the poet says3 ,in youth we carry the world like ,atlas2 in maturity we stoop and bend beneath it2 in age it crushes us to the ground4 ,for the overtaxed and invalided1 the dew-drops do not sparkle as diamonds2 the wet grass suggests red flannels and cough sirups4 ,for the nervous the bird's song is a meaningless chatter4 ,for the sickly the clouds are big black water-bottles1 though time was when they were chariots for ,god's angels1 curtains for hiding ministering spirits trooping homeward at night1 leaving all the air sweetly perfumed4 ,it is the body that grants the soul permission to be happy4 ,to the opportunity offered by health may be added the years lying in front of the young heart like a great estate1 as yet unincumbered4 ,powerful enthusiasms1 too1 are the inheritance of youth4 ,noble feelings1 fine aspirations then pass through the mind1 as in ,may the perfumed winds from the ,south pass over the fields4 ,these motives beat upon the mind as steam upon the iron piston4 ,workmen excavating at ,pompeii threw up soil that had been covered for #a1hjj years4 ,exposed to the sun1 young trees sprang up4 ,without the force of light and heat and dew and rain these seeds were dormant or dead4 ,thus each mind is a dead mind until the full warmth of great impulses quickens the dormant energies4 ,the hopes1 the ambitions1 the aspirations of youth all conspire to make this a most strategic period4 ,then all the forces of life unite in a great gulf stream for bearing the soul up and sweeping it forward to new climes and richer shores4 ,strategic the hour of prosperity4 ,men discount the speech of poverty1 but the rich man's words weigh a ton each4 ,it has been said that the poor man's dollar is just as good as the rich man's only when both are anonymous1 for the dollar with a million behind it will go further than the dollar with a thousand behind it4 ,this is a proverb3 ,a bid from ,rothschild electrifies the market4 ,each new achievement and success builds higher the tower of observation that lifts the great man into the presence of the nation4 ,all eyes are upon the prospered individual1 all ears are alert to his whisper4 ,prosperity's voice is the voice of an oracle1 all her words are winged4 ,every successful venture in the world of commerce or statecraft quadruples influence over the nation's youth4 ,this principle interprets the curiosity of the boy in store or bank1 asking a thousand questions about his successful employer4 ,it explains why the eager aspirant for political influence searches all the journals for some word from ,gladstone or ,castelar or ,bismarck4 ,a sentence from these great champions hath sufficed for reversing the policy of a government4 ,the memory of many triumphs lies back of the great leader's words and lends them weight4 ,success is an orator2 it charms multitudes4 ,full oft one who is a veritable genius for making homely truths beautiful has accomplished less for his age than some prosperous man whose few stumbling words have sufficed for shaping national policies and guiding his generation4 ,all the young are drawn into the wake of the successful4 ,wealth fulfills the story of ,orpheus1 whose sweet voice made the very stones and trees follow after him4 ,truly wealth is an evangelist1 the almoner of bounty toward college and library and art gallery and liberty and religion4 ,but its chief use is in this3 ,it enables its possessor to repeat his industry1 integrity and thrift in the children of a nation4 ,all youthful hearts do well to covet wealth1 wisdom and leverage power6 ,but man should remember that the chief value of prosperity is in its capitalization of personality1 and the rendering of others sensitive to example and precept4 ,should man forget this1 earth will hear no sadder cry than his when1 closing the life career1 he exclaims3 ,while thy servant was busy here and there the opportune moment was gone4 ,friendship yields these plastic moments and unique opportunities4 ,for the most part the soul dwells in a castle locked and barred against outsiders4 ,no man can keep open-house for every passer-by4 ,but friendship is an open sesame1 drawing every bar and bolt4 ,how the heart leaps when the friend crosses the threshold6 ,his shadow always falls behind him4 ,his coming is summer in the soul2 his presence is peace4 ,friendship glorifies everything it touches4 ,when on a stormy night our friend comes in he seems to warm the very fire upon the hearth2 he sweetens the sweet singer's voice2 lends new meaning to the wise man's words2 gives reminiscence an added charm2 makes old stories new2 makes the laughter and smiles come twice as often and stay twice as long4 ,friendship lies upon the heart like a warm fire upon the hearth4 ,by reason of friendship history exhibits every great man as leaving his school of thought and a group of disciples behind him4 ,his spirit lingers with men long after his form has disappeared from the streets1 as the sun lingers in the clouds after the day is done1 as the melody lingers in the ear long after the song is sung4 ,longfellow1 after a day and a night with ,emerson1 literally emitted poems and plays4 ,he was stimulated by friendship as bees by rose liquor and the sweet pea wine4 ,friendship always makes the heart plastic4 ,then the mental furrows are all open and mellow2 sympathy falls like dew and rain2 then the heart saith to its friend3 ,here am ,i1 all plastic to your touch2 work upon me your will2 for good or ill--,i am thine4 ,therefore1 friendship imposes frightful responsibilities2 in asking and receiving it we assume charge of another's destiny4 ,this is the very genius of the teacher's influence over his pupil1 the parent's over his child1 the general's over his soldier1 the patriot's over his people4 ,better a thousand times never open the furrow than to leave it unfertilized4 ,how strategic life's better hours6 ,one of ,god's precious gifts is the luminous hour that denies the lower animal mood4 ,mind is not always at its best4 ,full oft our thought is sodden and dull4 ,then duty seems a maze without a clew and life's skeins all a tangle4 ,the mind is uneasy1 confused and troubled4 ,then men live to the eye and the ear and physical comforts2 they live for houses and beautiful things in them2 for shelves and rich goods upon them2 for factories and large profits by them4 ,responsibility to ,god seems like the faint shadow of a vaguely remembered dream4 ,the voice of conscience is in the ear like the far-off murmuring of the sea4 ,the soul is sordid and the finer senses indurated4 ,the angel of the better nature is bondslave to the worst4 ,then enters some element that nurtures the nobler impulse4 ,some misfortune1 earthquake-like1 cleaves through the hard crust4 ,or some gentle event1 like the coming of an old friend or the returning to the old homestead1 stirs old memories and kindles new thoughts4 ,slowly the heart passes out of the penumbra4 ,the mind1 too long obscured like a sun eclipsed by clouds1 searches out some rift4 ,suddenly reason comes into the clear4 ,god rises like an untroubled sun upon the soul's horizon4 ,how crystalline life looks6 ,the mind literally exhales fancies and pictures1 and each stick and stone is as full of suggestions and ideas as the forest is full of birds4 ,old problems become clear as noonday4 ,difficult questions lie clearly revealed before the mind like landscapes from which the fogs are lifted4 ,once the mind crawled tortoise-like through its work4 ,now it soars like an eagle4 ,the soul seems a sweet-spiced shrub1 and every leaf is perfumed4 ,if in dull1 obscure hours the soul was like a wooden beehive drifted o'er with snow1 in its vision-hours the soul is like a glass hive out of which the bees go singing into sweet clover-fields4 ,in these hours how unworthy the material life6 ,how insubstantial the things of iron1 wood and stone6 ,bodily things seem evanescent1 as frost pictures on the window on a winter's morn4 ,then honor1 integrity1 kindness1 generosity alone seem permanent and worth one's while4 ,how easy then to do right4 ,all habits that fettered the faculties like iron cuffs are now felt to be but ice fetters1 quickly melting4 ,then the nobler self1 using no whip of cords1 looks upon meanness and selfishness1 and by a look drives them from the heart and life4 ,then years are fulfilled in a single hour4 ,then from its judgment-seat the soul reviews its past career1 searches out secret sins and scorns them4 ,how unworthy are vanity and pride and selfishness4 ,in what garments of beauty and attraction are truth and purity clothed4 ,the soul looks longingly unto the heavenly heights1 as desert pilgrims long for oases and springs of water4 ,unspeakably precious are these strategic hours of opportunity4 ,god sends them2 divineness is in them2 they cleanse and fertilize the soul2 they are like the overflowing ,nile4 ,men should watch for them and lay out the life-course by them1 as captains ignore the clouds and headlands and steer by the stars for a long voyage and a distant harbor4 ,,influence1 ,,and ,,the ,,principle ,,of ,,reaction ,,in ,,life ,,and ,,character4 ,so each man gets out of the world of men the rebound1 the increase and development of what he brings there4 ,three men stand in the same field and look around them1 and then they all cry out together4 ,one of them exclaims1 ',how rich6' another cries1 ',how strange6' another cries1 ',how beautiful6' ,and then the three divide the field between them1 and they build their houses there1 and in a year you come back and see what answer the same earth has made to each of her three questioners4 ,they have all talked with the ground on which they lived1 and heard its answers4 ,they have all held out their several hands1 and the same ground has put its own gift into each of them4 ,what have they got to show you8 ,one cries1 ',come here and see my barn1' another cries1 ',come here and see my museum2' the other says1 ',let me read you my poem4' ,that is a picture of the way in which a generation1 or the race1 takes the great earth and makes it different things to all its children4 ,with what measure we mete to it1 it measures to us again4 ,this is the rebound of the hard earth--sensitive and soft1 although we call it hard1 and feeling with an instant keen discrimination the different touch of each different human nature which is laid upon it4 ,reaction is equal to action4--,phillips ,brooks4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,influence1 ,,and ,,the ,,principle ,,of ,,reaction ,,in ,,life ,,and ,,character4 ,to the mystery of life and death must be added the mystery of growth4 ,when ,demosthenes exclaimed3 ,yesterday ,i was not here2 ,i shall not be here to-morrow2 to-day ,i am here1 he suggested a hard problem4 ,having solved the enigma1 what went before life1 and answered that mystery1 what follows after death1 there still remains this question3 ,how can a babe in twenty years take on the proportions of the great orator and reformer8 ,rocks do not grow1 nor diamonds1 nor dirt1 but a shrunken bulb does become a lily1 and a tiny seed a mustard tree4 ,in vain does the scientist struggle with this problem--how an acorn can expand into an oak2 how in a single summer a grain of corn can ripen a thousand grains1 like that from which the cornstalk sprang4 ,men are indeed familiar with the bursting of buds1 the cracking of eggs and the growth of children2 yet familiarity robs these facts of no whit of their mystery4 ,no jeweler ever goes into the field with a basket of watches to plant them in rows1 expecting when autumn hath come to pick two or three wagon-loads of stem-winders from iron branches2 yet1 were this possible1 it would be no more strange than that in the autumn the husbandman should stand under the branches to fill his basket with peaches or bunches of figs4 ,for wise men it is no more difficult to think of a growing engine than of a growing oak4 ,what if to-morrow an engineer should plant a cannon ball4 ,having watered it well and kept the ground loose through hoe or spade1 suppose that when a few weeks have passed the outline of a smokestack should push through the soil1 to be followed a little later by a rudimentary steam whistle1 the outlines of a boiler1 and1 rising through the sod1 rude drive-wheels1 piston-rods and cylinders1 until after six months the great engine should stand forth in full completion4 ,this phenomenon would be no more wonderful than that which actually goes on before man's blind eyes1 when a tiny seed enlarges into the big tree of ,california and constructs a vegetable engine that lifts thousands of hogsheads of water up to the topmost boughs without any rattle of chains or the din of machinery4 ,with difficulty man constructs that musical instrument called a mouthharp1 but nature1 in six weeks1 out of a little blue or brown egg constructs a feathered music-box that automatically conveys itself from tree to tree4 ,but the mystery that has gone on in that tiny blue egg lying in the nest is just as great as if some housewife had planted an old spinning-wheel in the full expectation of reaping a ,jacquard loom1 or had buried a jew's-harp in the garden expecting in the fall to pick a grand piano4 ,to the mystery that is involved in enlargement by growth must be added the mystery of intelligence4 ,it is not an easy thing for an expert housewife1 using the same formula1 always to achieve the same happy results in the white loaf4 ,he who plants a strawberry seed will find that the tiny seed will construct a plant1 lay in the red tints according to rule and mix the flavor of the berry to a nicety that is the despair of the chef4 ,in the tropic forests there is a flower with a deep cup and the pollen at the bottom4 ,this pollen lies upon a little platter1 and underneath the platter is that form of trap known as a figure four1 much loved by boys4 ,when the bee1 creeping down into the flower1 touches that platter1 it springs the trap that throws the fertilizing pollen upon the legs of the bee1 to be conveyed to the next flower4 ,wise men can1 indeed1 imitate this device1 but a single seed will in a few months construct many scores of these mechanical devices4 ,to-morrow morning the embryologist in his laboratory will place an egg under a glass cylinder in an atmosphere of #ih degrees4 ,four hours pass and suddenly the scientist perceives an atom in the heart of that egg give a quick lashing movement4 ,another moment witnesses two quick throbs4 ,growth has begun and in four months' time the young eagle with firm strokes will lift itself into the soft air4 ,from the chamber of life and the chamber of death ,god hath never drawn the curtains4 ,the chamber of growth is another most holy place in which ,god alone doth stand4 ,deeply impressed by the fact of growth1 scientists have also marveled at the principle that controls the harvest4 ,rocks enlarge by accretion1 but from what a rock is at the beginning1 the geologists cannot tell what will be the shape of that rock when all deposits are finally made4 ,as to growth in seed and shrub1 like produces like4 ,he who sows wheat reaps wheat1 not tares4 ,he who plants a grape receives a purple cluster1 not a bunch of thorns or thistles4 ,he who sows honor shall reap confidence4 ,he who sows frankness shall reap openness4 ,no ,peabody sowing industry and thrift reaps the harvest of indolence and idleness4 ,theodore ,parker1 loving knowledge and for it denying himself sleep and exercise1 reaped wisdom1 and also wan and hollow cheeks1 while the iron frame and ruddy cheek are for the child of the woods who loves exercise in the open air4 ,he who aspires to leadership and would have the multitude cheer his name1 he who longs for the day when his appearance upon the street shall mean an ovation from the people1 must make himself the people's slave1 defy all demagogues1 brave the fury of party strife1 oft be execrated by politicians and sometimes be hated by the multitude4 ,having sown self-sacrifice and love1 he shall reap fame and adulation4 ,for nature's law is universal and inexorable--like produces like4 ,the sheaf is simply the seed enlarged and multiplied4 ,the sowing contains the germ of all the harvests to be reaped4 ,the new biography of ,benedict ,arnold tells us of the despair of the traitor's final days1 the remorse that gnawed his heart1 the agony that filled his life4 ,yet no arbitrary degree was imposed upon ,arnold4 ,he plotted the surrender of the interests committed to him as a general1 planned the stratagem that ended in the capture and execution of ,andre1 and received #cj1jjj in gold for his treachery4 ,having gone over to the enemy1 he placed himself at the head of a band of ,english troops and went forth to destroy the towns and villages of his boyhood and pillaged the homes of his old friends4 ,he sowed avarice1 and of avarice he reaped #cj1jjj4 ,he sowed distrust in ,america2 he reaped distrust from the ,englishmen who had bought his honor4 ,he sowed treason2 he reaped infamy4 ,he sowed contempt for the colonists1 and1 dying1 he reaped the contempt from his old friends1 who counted his body carrion4 ,for the harvests of the soul represent not arbitrary degrees1 but the workings of natural law4 ,if ,ceres1 the goddess of harvests1 makes the sheaf to reap the seed1 conscience1 recalling man's career1 ordains that like produces like4 ,what a man soweth that shall he also reap is the law of nature and of ,god4 ,the heroes of the ,old ,testament are common people capitalized4 ,what is unique in the experience of these sons of greatness holds true of all of lesser rank4 ,the career of one of these giants is a pictorial exhibition of this principle of the spiritual harvest4 ,young ,jacob was shrewd1 crafty and full of foresight4 ,if ,esau1 his brother1 was a hail fellow well met1 the child of his impulses1 ,jacob was a diplomat and very wily4 ,one day1 when the father1 ,isaac1 was blind and old1 ,esau grew restless1 and at last went away with his companions1 for he dearly loved to hunt4 ,in that hour ambition tempted ,jacob and avarice led him away4 ,advantaging himself of his brother's absence1 ,jacob used the skin of a kid to make his hands hairy1 like the hands of ,esau1 and1 simulating the brother's voice1 he extorted from his dying father those tokens that1 according to the ,eastern custom1 made him the successor to his father's title1 wealth and power4 ,full twoscore years passed swiftly by and the deceit seems to have brought is large money returns to crafty ,jacob4 ,but silently nature was working out the harvest of retribution1 through that law of heredity that makes sons repeat the qualities of their father4 ,when ,jacob was now advanced in years his ten sons began1 to develop craftiness1 and soon they plowed great furrows of care in the father's face4 ,in those days of care his young son ,joseph stole into ,jacob's heart like a sweet sunbeam1 and1 with his open1 loving ways1 filled his father's heart with gladness4 ,when the elder brothers knew ,jacob had given ,joseph a coat of many colors they remembered the craft of their father in his early career4 ,one evening1 when the herds and flocks were scattered widely over the hills1 ,simeon sent out messengers and called his brothers together for a conference4 ,in that hour he said3 ,wist ye not how our father1 being a younger son1 supplanted his elder brother1 ,esau8 ,and behold his craft will now make his younger child1 ,joseph1 to supplant his elder brothers6 ,do ye not remember how our father1 ,jacob1 took a kid and made his hands like unto the hands of ,esau8 ,let us now take a kid and make its blood represent the blood and death of ,joseph4 ,what ,jacob did for his father1 ,isaac1 let his sons do to their father1 ,jacob4 ,thus1 with subtle irony1 nature made the man's sins to come back to him4 ,a boy1 ,jacob deceived his father1 now1 grown gray and old1 his boys brought their father an armful of deceits4 ,in that hour when ,reuben and ,simeon held up the coat of many colors1 all red with blood1 great nature might have whispered to ,jacob3 ,it is the blood of the kid that you slew for deceiving your father returning to enable your sons to deceive you4 ,for1 having sowed deceit1 deceit also and stratagem ,jacob reaped4 ,himself a son1 he thrust a dart into his father's heart4 ,become a father1 his ten sons became archers1 skilled with darts that filled their father's heart with agony4 ,for nature loves justice2 her rule is law1 sometimes her rod is iron4 ,the principle that every deed is a seed that contains the germ of its own reward or punishment has received full interpretation by the poets and dramatists4 ,in his ,paradise ,lost1 ,milton has made a detailed study of the principles of the spiritual harvests4 ,the poet represents ,satan as an angel1 fallen indeed1 and sadly battered by his fall1 yet still an archangel glorious for strength and beauty4 ,having visited ,paradise and accomplished the destruction of ,eve's innocence and ,adam's happiness1 ,satan returns home1 passing over a bridge of more prodigious length than now arches the gulf between earth and hell4 ,when the prince arrived at ,pandemonium1 the capital of ,lucifer's realm1 he found that the leaders of the fallen host had arranged a reception in the great banquet-hall of the palace4 ,in the presence of the applauding throng1 the prince told the story of how he had succeeded in opening the earth as a place to which these exiled angels might retreat from the prison in which they had been so long confined1 and pointed to the great bridge spanning the abyss 'twixt earth and hell4 ,when the loud cheerings and rejoicings over this fact had ceased1 ,satan told by what stratagem he had succeeded in inducing man to break friendship with ,god4 ,it was not by disguising himself as an angel of light4 ,but1 affirmed ,satan1 man cared so little for the laws of ,god that1 although disguised as a serpent1 he induced man to sin4 ,then awhile ,satan stood1 expecting their universal shout and high applause ,to fill his ear1 when contrary he hears ,on all sides from innumerable tongues ,a dismal universal hiss1 the sound ,of public scorn4 ,he wondered1 but not long ,had leisure4 ,wondering at himself no more1 ,his visage drawn1 he felt2 too sharp and spare ,his arms clung to his ribs1 his legs entwining ,each the other1 till supplanted down he fell1 ,a monstrous serpent on his belly prone1 ,reluctant1 but in vain4 ,a greater power ,now ruled him1 punished in the shape he sinned1 ,according to his doom4 ,also when ,satan attempted to speak1 ,milton says1 only a hiss went forth from forked tongue to forked tongue4 ,when many days had passed by and their hunger was very sore because these fallen angels had seduced man by an apple1 it came about that when1 fierce with hunger1 they seized the fruit ripe upon the branches1 the apples were found to be filled with soot and ashes4 ,by these striking suggestions ,milton gives us his idea how angels and men reap what they sow4 ,should the literary critic seek an appropriate heading for the tenth book of ,paradise ,lost1 he could hardly find one more appropriate than this3 ,what ,man ,soweth1 ,that ,shall ,he ,also ,reap4 ,this law of the spiritual harvest that visits retribution upon unrighteousness or visits reward upon integrity seems to have cast a spell of fascination upon all great writers4 ,even those who have written upon liberty1 law1 patriotism1 or love have not been content to end their task until they have1 through song or story1 illustrated this law of the soul's seedtime and harvest4 ,the ancient poet who wrote at a time near to the dawn of history makes a strong man go forth to seize his neighbor's flocks and herds1 but returning the prince found that in his absence enemies had looted his palace and carried off not only his treasure1 but his wife and children4 ,in ending the tale the writer adds the reflection that ,god is just6 ,later on the ,grecian threw this moral principle into a tale for children1 a story that still lives under the title ,baucis and ,philemon4 ,one day two travelers entered a village1 but as they drew near1 each housewife slammed her door1 while rude boys threw clods at the wayfarers and let loose their dogs1 who snapped and snarled after the travelers4 ,passing quite beyond the village the pilgrims came to a humble cottage4 ,as they approached his door ,philemon came forth to offer refuge1 and apologized for the rudeness of his neighbors4 ,the old man prepared for them seats in the grateful shade and hurried to bring them fresh water from the cool spring4 ,baucis also hastened to bring the loaf1 with her one small honeycomb and her pitcher of milk4 ,when the glasses were filled twice and thrice and still the rich milk failed not1 the old housewife marveled1 until she found that in the bottom of the pitcher there was a fountain from which the rich milk gushed so long as it was needed4 ,nor did the honeycomb fail1 nor did the sharp knife make the wheaten loaf to be less4 ,having told us that the morning brought disaster to the inhospitable villagers1 but brought assurance from these angels who had been entertained unawares that ,baucis and ,philemon should never more want for earthly goods1 the writer of the olden times sets forth for us the principle that good man and bad alike reap what they sow1 since each deed contains a harvest like unto itself4 ,indeed1 literature and life teem with exhibitions of this principle4 ,haman1 the rich ruler1 builds a gallows for poor ,mordecai1 whom he hates1 and later on ,haman himself is hanged upon his own scaffold4 ,david sets ,uriah in the front of the battle and robs him of his wife1 and when a few years have passed1 in turn ,david is robbed of his wife1 his palace also1 and his city4 ,walter ,scott believes in moral retribution4 ,he tells us of a youth who deftly split an arrow at the point where it fitted the bow-string1 that when his brother1 whom he hated1 should bend his bow the arrow might split and1 rebounding1 pass through his eye4 ,now it happened that the brother returned from the hunt without using his weapon4 ,that night1 alarmed at a commotion without1 the youth seized his bow1 and1 chancing to strike upon that very arrow1 was himself slain by the stratagem that he had wickedly planned for his brother4 ,george ,eliot1 too1 has dedicated her greatest volume to the study of this principle4 ,the orphan child1 ,tito1 is received into the arms of an adopted father1 who lavishes upon him all his wealth4 ,but when the youth was grown to full strength and beauty1 one night ,tito left his adopted father in slavery and fled with his gold and gems into a foreign land4 ,years passed by and1 with his stolen wealth1 ,tito bought wife1 palace1 position1 fame4 ,he had sown falsehood and cruelty1 and nothing seemed so unlikely as that he would reap a similar harvest4 ,but one day the people discovered his falsehood and attacked ,tito4 ,a mob pursued him through the streets1 and1 knowing his strength as a swimmer1 the youth cast himself into the ,river ,arno4 ,when ,tito had swum far down the river to the other side1 and1 in his exhaustion1 would go ashore1 he looked up1 and1 lo6 he discerned the gray-haired father whom he had injured trotting along the shore side by side with the swimmer4 ,in the old man's eyes blazed bitter hatred1 in his hand flashed a sharp knife4 ,what the youth had sown years before now at last he was to reap4 ,when increasing weakness compelled him to approach the shore he looked beseechingly to his father for mercy1 but found only justice4 ,with a wild and bitter cry ,tito reaped his harvest4 ,soon the mud of that river filled the eyes and ears of him who years before had received defilement into his heart4 ,what seed he had sown1 that ,nature gave him as a harvest--good measure1 heaped up1 and shaken together4 ,history permits no man to escape the reflection that if1 for the time being1 individuals have escaped this moral law1 nations have felt its full force4 ,nature does1 indeed1 walk through the fields with footsteps so gentle as to disturb no drop of dew hanging upon the blade of grass4 ,nature also hath her sterner aspect1 and for the sons of iniquity her footsteps are earthquakes1 her strokes are strokes of war and of pestilence4 ,when ,sophocles worked out the law of moral retribution for ,king ,oedipus and ,antigone1 his daughter1 the poet might well have gone on to note that if the ,grecian army had sacked the ,trojan cities the time would come when the ,roman fleet would sack her cities and make her sons to toil as captives4 ,later on1 if the ,roman conquerors swept the ,east for corn and wheat1 looted stores and shops1 pillaged palaces for treasure for triumphal processions1 the time came when ,nature and ,god decreed that the vast wealth piled up in the ,roman capital should excite the cupidity of the ,goths1 until at last the streets of that great city were swept with flame and store-houses were pillaged by marauders4 ,in reviewing the history of ,venice ,ruskin was so impressed with this principle of the moral harvest that he affirms that the history of palace and cathedral1 of fleets and navies1 is simply the story1 written by a pen dipped in fire and blood1 of how the children reaped what the fathers had sown4 ,for many months past the statesmen of ,england have been sending forth discussions reviewing the career of their country4 ,in the light of the ,eastern problem one of these authors reflects that whenever ,england has sown injustice to a weaker nation she has reaped injustice and retribution for herself4 ,he notes that in the last century the governors of ,england--for example1 ,lord ,hastings--went through the land robbing rajahs1 despoiling the people by false weights and measures1 until they had turned the whole country into one vast desert4 ,the hour came when before the ,house of ,commons ,burke impeached ,hastings for high crimes and misdemeanors1 as the enemy of ,india and ,england and all men4 ,but ,england was content to impose a trifling fine upon her wicked official4 ,how could she give up the treasure she had filched for herself8 ,years passed and an injured people brooded upon its wrongs1 and the time came when what ,england had sown in tears she reaped in blood4 ,one day the ,indian soldiers mutinied4 ,the next day the wells were filled with the bodies of ,english officers1 their wives and children2 then merchants and missionaries and travelers were slaughtered4 ,for weeks the strife went on4 ,if once the ,english soldier had pillaged the ,indian villages1 now1 in turn1 the ,english quarters were pillaged4 ,blind of eye and hard of heart1 said the sage statesman4 ,retribution hath been visited upon us1 said the great leader4 ,our jealousy and greed hath ended with that sword being sharpened against ourselves4 ,the note of conviction is in the voice of this statesman1 but what saith be save this3 ,what a man soweth1 that also shall he reap6 ,all young hearts may well remember that it is safe to do right1 but dangerous to sow wrong6 ,no matter how smooth1 how soft and sweet1 seem the paths of sin1 know that beneath every flower there lurks a spider1 beneath every silken couch of indulgence there broods a nest of serpents1 and the scene that begins with flowers shall end midst thorns and thickets4 ,for the moment1 indeed1 the judge may seem unobservant and the watchman may seem asleep2 but he who yields to any deflection from honor shall find at last that ,god never slumbers1 that his laws never sleep4 ,go east or go west4 ,nature is upon the track of the wrong-doer4 ,could the sage of old sit down to converse with each youth who to-day walks on the street1 perchance he would find many who1 through excess1 are draining away the rich forces of nerve and brain and blood4 ,daily they deny reason its book1 taste its music1 love its noble companionship4 ,at last1 when the harp of the physical senses begins to give way1 and they fall back upon the mental faculties for pleasure1 then these faculties that have been starved shall1 in turn1 make men suffer4 ,in that hour reason or memory shall say3 ,because ,i called and ye refused2 because ,i stretched out my hand and no man regarded1 therefore ,i will laugh at your calamity4 ,i will mock at your desolation when your fear cometh as destruction and your desolation as whirlwind4 ,in ,daniel ,webster's words of disappointed ambition1 ,i still live1 we see that a statesman sows what he reaps4 ,in ,goethe's fearful cry for more light we see that the poet who sows darkness shall reap darkness4 ,in ,lord ,byron's piteous ,i must sleep now we see that he who sows morbidness and passion reaps feverishness and shame4 ,the law is inexorable4 ,he who sows foul thoughts shall reap the foul countenance of a fiend4 ,he who sows pure thoughts shall reap the sweetness and nobility of the face of ,fra ,angelico4 ,he who sows reflection shall reap wisdom4 ,he who sows sympathy shall reap love4 ,the good ,samaritan who sows tenderness to the man wounded by the wayside shall reap tenderness when angels stoop to bind up his broken heart4 ,,the ,,love ,,that ,,perfects ,,life4 ,love is the fulfilling of the law4--,romans1 xiii1 #aj4 ,men may die without any opinions1 and yet be carried into ,abraham's bosom1 but if we be without love1 what will knowledge avail8 ,i will not quarrel with you about opinions4 ,only see that your heart be right with ,god4 ,i am sick of opinions4 ,give me good and substantial religion1 a humble1 gentle love of ,god and man4--,john ,wesley4 ,therefore1 come what may1 hold fast to love4 ,though men should rend your heart1 let them not embitter or harden it4 ,we win by tenderness1 we conquer by forgiveness4 ,o1 strive to enter into something of that large celestial charity which is meek1 enduring1 unretaliating1 and which even the overbearing world cannot withstand forever6 ,learn the new commandment of the ,son of ,god4 ,not to love merely1 but to love as ,he loved4 ,go forth in this ,spirit to your life duties1 go forth1 children of the ,cross1 to carry everything before you1 and win victories for ,god by the conquering power of a love like his4--,frederick ,w4 ,robertson4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,the ,,love ,,that ,,perfects ,,life4 ,the purpose of ,christ's mission to earth was the development of ideal manhood4 ,the instruments he fashioned and the agents he ordained all wrought unceasingly toward a manhood that was ample in faculty1 fertile in resource and ripe in those qualities that make for maturity of character4 ,he sought to teach men how to carry their faculties through all the strife1 collisions and rivalries of life1 without damaging men or being damaged by them4 ,always to the children of good fortune right living has seemed easy1 for these live midst sheltered conditions and exhibit goodness as naturally as the sheltered southern nooks have grass and flowers when all the northern hillsides are brown with death or white with snow4 ,but ,christ came teaching the children of weakness and misfortune how to bear up midst adversity1 how to sing songs at midnight and how1 through defeat1 to march to final victory4 ,so beautiful was the manhood he unveiled before men that1 beholding it1 men low and men high1 the publican and prodigal1 the centurion and ruler also1 quivered with hope1 as the harp quivers under the touch of the harper4 ,for his ideal includes every quality that kindles admiration and delight2 all gentleness1 all goodness1 all simplicity1 the refinement of the scholar1 the insight of the seer1 the courage that makes the youth a hero4 ,in luminous hours men behold visions of ideal perfection hanging like stars in a midnight sky4 ,unfortunately for many1 these visions burst like bubbles and soon pass away4 ,artists and sculptors look forward to an hour when1 by a touch here and a touch there1 the statue shall be perfected and the portrait completed2 so ,christ pointed forward to an hour when1 having been wrought upon by darkness and by light1 by defeat and by victory1 by sorrow and by joy1 at last wisdom shall be made perfect1 judgment know no error1 love have full disclosure and the soul enter into unhindered perfection4 ,great are the achievements of the chisel upon the block of marble1 marvelous the skill with which a master turns a dead canvas into lustrous life and beauty4 ,matchless the power that turns a clod into a rosy apple1 a seed into a sheaf of wheat1 a babe into a sage2 yet neither nature nor art knows any transformation like unto that wonder of time when1 by slow processes1 ,god develops man out of rude and low conditions of life unto those high and spiritual moods when selfishness gives place to self-sacrifice1 coarseness to sweetness1 hardness to gentleness and love1 and perfection dwells in man as ripeness dwells in fruit1 as maturity dwells in harvests4 ,the mainspring of all progress1 individual and social1 is the desire to fulfill in character all one has planned in thought4 ,man's life is one long pursuit of the visions of possible excellence which disquiet1 rebuke and tempt him upward4 ,as to other points1 said ,john ,milton1 what ,god may have determined for me ,i know not1 but this ,i know--that if he ever instilled an intense love of moral beauty into the breast of any man1 he has instilled it into mine4 ,ceres1 in the fable1 pursued not her daughter with a greater keenness of inquiry than ,i1 day and night1 the idea of perfection4 ,haunted by his dream of excellence1 the poet likened himself to one born beside the throne and reared in purple1 yet by some mischance left to gypsies1 midst poverty and neglect1 while thoughts of the glory he has known and that imperial palace whence he came1 are never out of mind4 ,in picturing forth these conceptions of sweetness and light1 philosophers have found it hard to summarize the qualities that make up ideal manhood4 ,conceding that the ,christian is the perfect gentleman1 who does for his fellows what an easy chair does for a tired man1 what a winter's fire is to a lost traveler1 we may also affirm that ,newman's definition is inadequate and fragmentary4 ,as the ideal portraits of ,christ1 from ,perugino to ,hoffman1 divide the kingdom of beauty--and must be united in one new conception in order to approach the perfect face--so the poets and the philosophers1 with their diverse conceptions of ideal manhood1 divide the kingdom of character4 ,the true man cannot be a fragmentary man1 said ,plato4 ,is he not one-sided who masters the conventional refinement and the stock proprieties1 yet indulges in drunkenness and gluttony8 ,pleasure must not be his sole aim1 said the accomplished ,chesterfield4 ,i have enjoyed all the pleasures of the world1 and consequently know their futility1 and do not regret their loss4 ,those who have no experience are dazzled with there ,transcriber's note3 their8 glare1 but ,i have been behind the scenes and have seen all the coarse pulleys1 which exhibit and move all the gaudy machines that excite the admiration of the ignorant audience4 ,nor is scholarship enough4 ,from ,solomon to ,burke1 the wisest men have been the saddest of men4 ,the ,scottish physician who ordered his secretary to select from his library all the books upon medicine and surgery that were printed prior to #ahhj and sell them1 tells us how futile is the pursuit of wisdom and how rapidly the systems of to-day become the cast-off garments of to-morrow4 ,nor must the perfect man represent power and wealth alone1 for the wealth of ,croesus cannot bring sleep to the sick man tossing upon his silken couch1 and all the ,alexanders and ,napoleons have shed bitter tears1 conquering or conquered4 ,he who is merchant or scholar or ruler1 and only that1 climbs his pillar like ,simeon ,stylites4 ,all such know not that the world itself is a pillar all too small for the soul to stand upon4 ,this life-chase after bubbles1 this fighting for trifles1 this pursuit of false grails1 reminds us of the story of that ,grecian boy lured to his death by the enchantress4 ,going into the palace garden to pluck a rose1 the youth beheld the form of a young girl standing in the edge of the glimmering woods4 ,with soft words and sweet1 she called him4 ,forgetting his dear ones in the palace1 the youth ran after his enchantress4 ,along a pathway of flowers she danced before him1 sometimes sweeping the strings of her harp1 sometimes singing1 and shaking her curls at his haste1 ever shooting arrows from her eyes1 yet ever just eluding his embrace4 ,on and on she led him into the bog1 that covered his garments with mud1 through the thorns and brambles that tore his white skin1 over rocks steep and sharp4 ,ever and anon the youth stopped to pluck the thorns from his hands and bind up his bleeding feet2 then1 gathering his torn purple about him1 he plunged on1 in the hope of drinking at last the sweet cup of her sorcery4 ,when1 at the end of the day1 the desire of his heart was given him1 the illusion fell away1 for the youth embraced not a beautiful maiden1 but an old hag1 who had led him into the desert to a hut whose stones were darkness and whose walls were confusion4 ,as the term genius includes all those forms of culture termed poetry1 music1 eloquence1 leadership1 so love is a term that includes all those shapes of human welfare known as education1 refinement1 liberty1 happiness4 ,properly defined1 love is that exalted state of mind and heart when reason is luminous1 when judgment and imagination glow under its influence just as the electric bulb glows under the living current4 ,there are three possible states and moods under which the mind may fulfill its functions4 ,there is a dull and quiescent condition when reason and judgment act1 but act without fervor4 ,power is there1 but it is latent1 just as heat is in the unkindled wood lying on the grate1 but the heat is hidden4 ,then there is a higher mood of the mind1 when1 under the influence of conversation or reading1 the mind emits jets and flashes of thought1 through witticism or story2 but this creative mood is intermittent and spasmodic4 ,last of all is that exalted mood when the mind glows and throbs1 when reason emits thoughts1 as stars blaze light2 when the nimbus that overarches the brows of saints in ancient pictures literally represents the effulgence of the mind4 ,work done in the lower moods is called mediocre2 work done by the mind in the second stage is associated with talent1 but when1 through birth or ancestry1 the mind works ever in regnant and supernal moods1 it is called genius4 ,affirming that all minds rise into this higher mood at intervals1 we may also affirm that all the best work in literature or art or commerce has been wrought during these exalted states when love for the work in hand has rendered the mind luminous and crystalline4 ,it was love of nature that lent ,wordsworth his power to divine nature's secret4 ,when the poet approached ,chamouni and the mountains that gird it round he tells us he was conscious of a shivering from head to foot1 with mingled awe and fear2 his mind glowed with an indescribable pleasure2 his body thrilled as if in the presence of a disembodied spirit2 his heart approached nature with an intensity of joy comparable only to that joy which ,dante felt when approaching ,beatrice4 ,but when the cares of this world gained upon him and the love of nature faded gradually away in the manner described by him in his ,intimations of ,immortality1 then also his power to describe nature faded away4 ,for only when the heart loves can intellect do great work4 ,his biographer tells us that when ,angelo grew old and blind he was accustomed to ask his servant to lead him to the torso of ,phidias4 ,passing his hands slowly over the broken marble1 the sculptor entered into the thought of the great ,grecian1 and with love for his art glowing in his face and thrilling in his voice1 he mused aloud upon the genius of ,phidias4 ,love of his art made all his days bright and all his moons honeymoons4 ,when ,wyatt ,eaton1 the artist1 was in ,millet's home he noticed that when the wife called the artist from his task to his noonday meal1 the artist's whole being had so gathered itself into the eye that there was no life left with which to hear4 ,love lent genius skill4 ,no other sentiment is so universal or so powerful in its influence as love that energizes the mind and heart4 ,love lent swiftness to the feet of ,sir ,galahad2 lent his heart courage2 lent his sword victory4 ,entering the palace1 love1 said ,cicero1 makes gold shine4 ,love for the birds lent fame to ,audubon2 just as love for the bees lent fortune to ,huber4 ,love of knowledge hived all the wisdom in the libraries2 love of beauty adorned all the galleries2 love of service organized all the philanthropies4 ,to-morrow1 at the behest of love1 and in the interests of dear ones at home1 all the wheels will begin to revolve2 all the trains go out and all the ships come in4 ,when a man of real force and worth passes upward into that high state of purity and sweet reasonableness called love1 he becomes almost sacred and exhales an ineffable and mysterious atmosphere4 ,great is the power of trade2 wonderful the influence of fortune and force2 marvelous the hundred instrumentalities and institutions of society1 but above all of them is man1 whose love can indeed make riches splendid1 whose wisdom love can make mellow1 whose strength love can make gentle1 whose defeats love can turn into victories4 ,in that hour one hundred men dwell in one man4 ,love also perfects morality and fulfills all ethical laws4 ,what health is to the body1 what sweetness is to the lark's song1 what perfume is to the rose1 that morality is to culture and character4 ,drunkenness and gluttony have not more power to blear the eye than immorality to degrade the soul4 ,when ,homer tells us that ,ulysses escaped unharmed from the enchanted palace1 but suffered injury from his unfaithfulness to a friend1 the poet wishes us to know that it is easier to recover from the poison of ,circe's cup than to escape the effect of disobedience to the laws of ,god4 ,fortunately nature is so organized as to keep the consequences of ill-doing ever before man's eyes4 ,disobeying the law of fire man is burned2 disobeying the law of steam man is scalded2 disobeying the law of honor friends avert their faces1 or the door of the jail closes behind the wrongdoer4 ,so few are these laws and so simple that they could not be plainer were they emblazoned upon the sky as an ever-present scroll4 ,there is the law of reverence4 ,conscious of vastness and sublimity1 in the presence of mountains1 man1 frail1 ignorant1 passing swiftly to his grave1 is asked to bow his head in the presence of the ,eternal ,one4 ,there is also the law of truth in speech1 the law of purity in thought1 the laws that forbid theft and covetousness and killing4 ,but all these laws are gathered up and fulfilled in love1 just as the seven colors of nature are gathered up and fulfilled in the one white sunbeam4 ,and he who loves will fulfill all these laws4 ,loving himself1 man will not waste his physical treasure4 ,as it was vandalism for the iconoclasts to pass through the cathedrals of ,europe whitewashing the frescoes and breaking down the statues1 much more is it vandalism for men to destroy that temple of ,god called the body4 ,if man loves his mind he will1 through culture1 lead what is germinal and latent forth into full blossom and fruitage4 ,he who loves scholarship will make haste to double the books in his library4 ,he who loves sweetness will double the sweetness of his melody4 ,he who loves friends will double their number and strengthen their affection4 ,he who loves industry will strengthen his toil and lend it influence4 ,looking toward the home1 love fulfills the law of helpfulness4 ,looking toward the weak and poor1 love fulfills the law of service and sympathy4 ,looking toward a great crisis for humanity1 love fulfills the law of martyrdom4 ,just as summer fulfills all ripeness and growth for seed and root and tree1 so love fulfills all laws for self and man and the all-loving ,god4 ,after thirty-six years of tireless toil ,herbert ,spencer has brought to a conclusion the labors of a lifetime4 ,his final volume places the capstone on the structure of his philosophy4 ,in reading these pages no thoughtful mind can fail to perceive that for science also has dawned the vision splendid4 ,if history began with an era of force1 its last and crowning achievement will be the era when love1 organized into laws and institutions1 will lend perfection to civilization4 ,the upward march of mankind has been slow and accompanied by tremendous losses4 ,at the beginning strength prevailed and weakness went to the wall2 the bird with the swiftest wing first reached the fountain1 the deer with the swiftest foot reached the place of shelter1 the ox with the strongest thrust reached the richest fodder4 ,pushed back1 weakness perished1 while strength prevailed and propagated4 ,this law of violence received its first check through the parental instinct4 ,parenthood built a fortress with walls and bulwarks about the babe4 ,love of offspring caused a weakness to survive4 ,at last an era dawned when many parents united to construct a shield for weak children indeed1 but also for weak adults4 ,the state lifted the shield between weakness and its oppressor4 ,the widow and the orphan were permitted to glean after the harvesters4 ,the traveler1 passing through the field1 might pluck a handful of corn or pull a bunch of figs4 ,the creditor must not take the blanket or coat from the laborer nor the boat from the poor fisherman1 nor the plane or saw from the poor carpenter4 ,stimulated by ,christ's example and teachings1 society began to multiply the bulwarks against tyranny and selfishness4 ,looking toward the child1 for the protection of weakness and unripeness1 the state built these shields called the school and library1 looking toward the unfortunate and those weak in body or mind1 the state built bulwarks called asylum and hospital4 ,looking toward the chimney-sweep1 the factory boys and girls1 the state began to soften pain and mitigate the distress of labor4 ,looking toward the serf and the slave and the prisoner1 the novelist and poet constructed song and story as shields for the protection of the weak and the oppressed4 ,one hundred years ago a man was as a beast of the field1 and the slaughter of men in ,italy1 by the tyrant who ruled over them1 stirred no more thought in ,england than the news of the slaughter of so many beasts4 ,but fifty years ago the state had become so gentle toward the weak that when ,mr4 ,gladstone made a protest against the savagery and infuriated cruelty wrought upon the inmates of the dungeons of ,italy1 then the heart of ,europe turned toward ,rome1 the throne trembled upon its foundations4 ,formerly when any foreign government wished to colonize ,africa1 they sent out a regiment of soldiers1 cut off a slice of the country and annexed it4 ,now public sentiment forbids such tyranny4 ,the only way the aggressive nations can obtain possession of new territory is to do it under the name of a protectorate1 sugar-coating1 as has been said1 the deeds of tyranny4 ,if the dungeon has been rifled of its prey1 if cruelty has been scourged out of the land1 if despotism tottered1 it is because society was slowly climbing up that stairway1 of which the first step is fear and the last is love4 ,in these ,january days our earth1 snow-clad and frost-bound1 seems like a huge ball of ice4 ,yet all unconsciously to itself1 the earth is being swept on into spring and summer4 ,unconsciously1 but none the less truly1 society1 under the silent and secret impulse of the great ,god1 has been journeying upward toward the time when love shall fulfill every law2 when kindness and sympathy shall be organized in manners and customs4 ,all the revolutions of the past1 all the clangor of war1 all the tumbling down of ,bastilles1 all the piling up of cities1 is as nothing to the advance of the world toward that era when love shall perfect man's institutions and civilization4 ,love also perfects religion4 ,it is the glory of ,christ that he unveils the sovereignty of character and crowns manhood with all-maturing and all-perfecting love4 ,looking backward1 man finds that all religions fall into four classes3 ,there is the religion of fear and force1 when man offers sacrifices to appease the gods and conciliate justice4 ,there is the religion of law1 when men reduce life to formal rules1 and the ,pharisee rigorously fulfills his duty as chief1 or trader1 or friend4 ,there is the religion of romanticism1 when men of powerful intellect and strong imagination evolve their ideal and1 withdrawing to some cave1 give themselves to reverie4 ,in all such self becomes an orb1 so large as to eclipse brother man and ,god4 ,last of all there is the religion of ,christ1 in which love is root1 blossom and fruitage4 ,it aims at the development and unfolding of everything that is gracious in life1 whatever strikes at admiration1 whether it is in school1 in art1 in song1 in wit1 in travel1 in books2 whatever is praiseworthy in courage or endurance1 whatever has fineness and sweetness and nobility2 all that belongs to the hero and patriot2 all that belongs to the seer and scholar2 all that belongs to leadership in trade and commerce--all these elements are to be united and carried upward into the sweetness and purity of life1 until the full man1 standing apart and standing above life1 seems to have been informed with divine love1 as with a presence4 ,and when love has made the most of the man himself it overflows to bless others4 ,christ's disciples are not here to be ministered unto1 but to minister4 ,religion1 says ,christ1 is love1 and love is gentle toward those with hollow eyes and famine-stricken faces4 ,love is kindly toward those who have a tragedy written in the sharpened countenance4 ,love is patient toward those who have lost fidelity1 as a man loses a golden coin2 who have lost morality as one who flounders in the ,alpine drifts4 ,and this religion of love takes on a thousand modern forms4 ,if it is not rowing out against the darkness and storm1 as did ,grace ,darling to save the shipwrecked1 it is going forth to those tossed upon life's billows1 to succor and to save4 ,for love is making the individual life beautiful1 making the home beautiful1 and will at last make the church and state beautiful4 ,men will not bow down to crowned power nor philosophic power nor esthetic power2 but1 in the presence of a great soul1 filled with vigor of inspiration and glowing with love1 man will do obeisance4 ,there is no force upon earth like divine love in the heart of man1 and at last that force will sweeten and regenerate society4 ,love also fulfills immortality4 ,of late science has reduced the number of things that endure4 ,the astronomer tells us the sun is burning up1 and will be a dying ash-heap as truly as the coal in man's cellar will be exhausted4 ,the geologists tell us the flowing of the crystal springs wearies the mountain's heart as truly as the beating of the crimson pulse wearies man's2 that the force of the iron crag is abated in its time1 like the strength of human sinews in old age4 ,the everlasting mountains are doomed to decay as surely as the moth and worm4 ,it seems that the shining texture of stars and suns must wax old1 like a garment1 and decay4 ,if now youth is eager to master all knowledge1 plunge into the thick of life's battle1 forge some tool1 enact some law1 right some wrong1 the time will speedily come when the man will sit down amid the ruins of his life and confess that his idols have been shivered1 one by one4 ,he who loves endures4 ,for him always all is well4 ,that youth with a great love for nature's treasures that promised fame1 but who found his open book crimson with the life-current1 may dry his tears1 for love is immortal and beyond he will fulfill the dreams denied here4 ,because he loves the slave1 ,livingstone1 falling in the ,african forest1 need not fear1 for love will make his work immortal4 ,the sweet mother1 whose love overarches the cradle with thoughts that for number are beyond the stars1 need not fear to leave behind the gentle babe1 for everlasting love will encircle it4 ,falling into unconsciousness and putting out upon the yeasty sea midst the falling darkness1 man may call back3 ,i still live4 ,for ,god is love and ,god is eternal4 ,therefore man who loves is immortal also4 ,,hope',s ,,harvest1 ,,and ,,the ,,far-,,off ,,interest ,,of ,,tears4 ,let ,love clasp ,grief lest both be drown'd1 ,let ,darkness keep her raven gloss2 ,ah1 sweeter to be drunk with loss1 ,to dance with ,death to beat the ground6--,tennyson4 ,soul1 rule thyself4 ,on passion1 deed1 desire1 ,lay thou the laws of thy deliberate will4 ,stand at thy chosen post4 ,faith's sentinel3 ,though ,hell's lost legions ring thee round with fire1 ,learn to endure4 ,dark vigil hours shall tire ,thy wakeful eyes2 regrets thy bosom thrill2 ,slow years thy loveless flower of youth shall kill2 ,yea1 thou shalt yearn for lute and wanton lyre4 ,yet is thy guerdon great2 thine the reward ,of those elect1 who1 scorning ,circe's lure1 ,grown early wise1 make living light their lord4 ,clothed with celestial steel1 these walk secure1 ,masters1 not slaves4 ,over their heads the pure ,heavens bow1 and guardian seraphs wave ,god's sword4--,v4 ,a4 ,symonds4 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,hope',s ,,harvest1 ,,and ,,the ,,far-,,off ,,interest ,,of ,,tears4 ,the soul is monarch of three kingdoms4 ,man lives at once in the present1 the past and the future4 ,memory presides over yesterday2 to-day is ruled by reason2 to-morrow is under the sway of hope4 ,the ancient seer who stood by the historic vine reflecting how the rain of yesterday had disappeared to give its sweet liquors to the roots only to reappear to-morrow in purple clusters1 gave us a beautiful image of himself4 ,each human life is like unto a vine--its trunk manifest in the present2 its roots deeply buried in the past2 its branches throwing themselves forward1 ripening fruit for days to come4 ,life is a solid column of days all compacted together4 ,to-day's usefulness is in the number of wise1 happy and helpful yesterdays1 whose accumulated treasures crowd forward the soul's present activities4 ,but for his yesterdays stored up in memory man would be impotent for any heroic thought or deed4 ,he would remain a perpetual infant4 ,as the child journeys away from the cradle memory gathers up and carries forward faces1 words1 books1 arts1 sciences1 literatures1 and these recollections are embalmed and transmitted as soul-capital1 legacies unspeakably precious4 ,yesterday1 therefore1 is no mausoleum of dead deeds2 no storehouse of mummies4 ,memory is a granary holding seed for to-morrow's sowing2 memory is an armory holding weapons for to-morrow's battles1 memory is a medicine-chest with balms for to-morrow's hurts2 memory is a library with wisdom for to-morrow's emergency4 ,yesterday holds the full store of to-day's civilization1 contains our tools1 conveniences1 knowledges2 contains our battlefields and victories2 above all gives us ,bethlehem and ,calvary4 ,but alone man's yesterday is impotent2 his to-morrow insufficient4 ,the true man binds all his days together with an earnest1 intense1 passionate purpose4 ,his yesterdays1 to-days and to-morrows march together1 one solid column1 animated by one thought1 constrained by one conspiracy of desire1 energizing toward one holy and helpful purpose1 to serve man and love ,god4 ,god governs man through the regency of hope4 ,the reasons thereof are self-evident4 ,man is born a long way from home4 ,no cradle rocks a full-orbed manhood4 ,the babe begins a mere handful of germs2 a bough of unblossomed buds4 ,it is a weary climb from nothing to manhood1 at its best4 ,as things rise in the scale of being the distance between birth and maturity widens4 ,mollusks are born close up to their full estate1 sandflies mature in two days1 butterflies in two weeks1 humming-birds in as many months4 ,but let no man think the vast all-shadowing redwood trees of ,california grew in a mushroomic night4 ,when the seed first thrust its rootlets down into the soil and its plumule up to the sunshine it entered upon a long career4 ,saved by hope after #hjj years of growth it gives shade to myriads of birds2 beams for lath and loom and ship in the service of industry2 lends pen and pencil to poet and artist in the service of beauty2 through desk and pew enters into man's intellectual and moral life2 through instruments of convenience strengthens the sweet amenities of the home2 working1 it also waited and is saved by hope4 ,man stands at the very summit of creation4 ,he is at the head of all that creep and swim and walk and fly4 ,preparatory to his dominion he begins with the lowest and runs the whole gamut of experience of all living things below him4 ,and hope alone can save him as he journeys upward through all the intermediate stages on his way to his throne and his ,god4 ,big with destiny1 he is saved by hope4 ,not to-day and not yesterday can suffice4 ,the present offers only standing room--four-and-twenty hours4 ,memory is a bin banked with snowdrifts1 not the waving harvest-fields4 ,man's life is all in front of him4 ,his large endowment asks for an extended period of time1 asks seventy years for skill toward his body2 asks an immortal destiny for mind and heart4 ,he is saved by hope and futurity4 ,consider the scope and functions of hope and aspiration4 ,man is governed from above and within2 while rocks1 birds1 beasts are governed from below and without4 ,gravity holds the bowlder in its place4 ,the channel saith to the river3 ,thus far and no farther4 ,the fawn that is struck1 the lion that strikes1 the eagle dwelling above both1 are controlled by fear4 ,the charioteer drives his steeds from behind and controls by rein and scourge4 ,but man is controlled from within and in front4 ,god does not scourge his children forward through whips of fear4 ,hopes moving on before him lure him onward4 ,the ,italian artist shows us the child passing near the precipice4 ,then drew near a gentle guardian spirit4 ,the unseen friend rolled along the pathway apples of ,paradise and the child1 following after with shouts of glee1 was lured from danger4 ,to the beauty of the artist's thought ,homer's story adds elements of instruction4 ,when the ,grecian boy was pursued by a giant whose breath was fire1 whose hand held a huge club1 two invisible beings lent help4 ,one took the boy's hand and lifted him forward1 the other casting an invisible cord over him flew before him until his speed was doubled and the palace gates gave shelter4 ,oh1 beautiful story of ,god's gentle rule o'er men6 ,when troubles sweep over the world like sheeted storms1 when men fear exceedingly and strong men cower and shrink and little ones believe the next step to be the precipice1 then ,god smiles4 ,striking some sweet bell he sends forth messengers to lure men forward2 they hang stars in man's night2 they whisper that the twilight is nothing1 since it is morning twilight2 that fears are bats and owls hooting at the dawn2 that hope is a lark singing the new day2 that ,god reigns and all is well4 ,then depart all fears and superstitions4 ,the courage of the future comes2 the columns begin a forward march4 ,these upward movements of society are the yearnings of ,god's heart lifting his children forward by hope4 ,hope and aspiration also furnish the secret springs of civilization4 ,all things useful and beautiful were once only hopes and ideas4 ,free institutions are ideals of liberty1 crystallized into word forms4 ,tools and instruments are ideals dressed up in iron clothes4 ,the early forest man dwelt in a cave2 ached with cold and moaned with hunger4 ,going into the forest to dig roots he found honey hived by the bees and nuts stored up by squirrels against the winter4 ,straightway hope suggested to him a larger granary1 whence hath come all man's bins and storehouses4 ,man plucked a large plum and found it sour1 and another plum small1 but sweet4 ,hope suggested that he unite the two and strike through the abundant acid juices of the one with the sugar of the other4 ,thence came all vineyards and orchards4 ,digging in the soil tired him1 but hope suggested that his pet ox might pull his forked stick2 when the wooden stick wore blunt hope replaced it with an iron point2 when the iron point refused to scour hope suggested steel2 when the steel made his burden light and doubled the pace of his steeds1 hope suggested a seat on the plow2 when the riding-plow gave him time to think1 hope suggested he could increase the harvest by doubling the depth1 when the weight was overheavy for his beasts1 hope suggested a steam-plow4 ,the ,kensington ,museum exhibits the growth of the plow idea1 as it moved from the forked stick to the steam gang4 ,if in this procession of material plows we could see the procession of ideal plows we would find that thoughts and hopes are a thousandfold more than material things4 ,by hope also do the people increase in wisdom and culture and character4 ,millions of men are digging and toiling twelve hours each day2 and ,god hath sent forth hope to emancipate them from drudgery4 ,the man digging with his pick hath a far-away look as he toils4 ,hope is drawing pictures of a cottage with vines over the doorway1 with some one standing at the gate1 a sweet voice singing over the cradle4 ,hope makes this home his2 it rests the laborer and saves him from despair4 ,multitudes working in the stithy and deep mines sweeten their labor and exalt their toil by aspiring thoughts4 ,thinking of his little ones at home1 the miner says3 ,my children shall not be as their father was2 my drudgery is not for self1 but for love's sake2 the sweat of my brow is oil in the lamp of love2 ,i will light it to-night on the sacred altar of home4 ,here is the secret of the rise and reign of the people4 ,this explains all man's progress in knowledge and culture4 ,as the fruits and flowers rise rank upon rank in response to the advancing summer1 so all that is most refined and exalted in man's mind or heart bursts forth in new ideals1 reforms1 revolutions1 in response to the revelation of that personal presence from whom all hope and aspiration incessantly proceed4 ,hope's noble ministry hath grievous enemies4 ,among these let us include a false use of the past4 ,yesterday contains sins and mistakes1 but multitudes err in dwelling too much upon their wrongs4 ,each man hath had his temptations1 each his fierce conflicts and defeats1 each bears grievous scars from the battle-field4 ,yet if one constantly revives all his old sins life will be filled with hideous specters4 ,memory will become a place of torment and a ghastly chamber of horrors4 ,we shall be the children of despondency and wretchedness4 ,memory will be a graveyard2 the past will give no light save the will-o-the-wisp light from putrescence and decay4 ,all the springs of joy will be poisoned by morbid griefs that keep open old wounds4 ,the city hath its offal heap where refuse matter is destroyed2 each home its garret1 the contents cast out at regular intervals2 the individual throws away his old clothes1 old tools1 old vehicles4 ,why should not the soul have its refuse valley--where the past is cast out of life and memory8 ,farmers' boys sometimes set steel traps by shocks of corn whither come quail and prairie chickens4 ,stepping upon the traps1 the cruel jaws close upon foot or wing and the bleeding bird beats out its life upon the frozen ground4 ,memory often with cruel jaws holds men entrapped4 ,a single error wrecks the whole life4 ,but once forgiven of ,god let the sin go4 ,reflection upon past sins is good only so long as it produces revulsion from sin1 and like a bow shoots the soul toward ,god and righteousness4 ,god is like a mother who forgives the child's sin into everlasting forgetfulness4 ,man should be ashamed to remember what ,god forgets4 ,i will cast your sins into the depth of the sea4 ,someone says3 ,god receives the soul as the sea the bather1 to return it cleansed--itself unsoiled4 ,gather up1 therefore1 all thy sins--old wrongs1 old hatreds1 burning angers1 memories of men's treachery2 stuff them into a bag and heave them into the gulf of oblivion4 ,your life is not in the past1 but in the future4 ,we are saved by hope4 ,multitudes may embitter their new year by undue reflections over opportunities neglected and lost in the past and denied in the present4 ,professor ,agassiz tells of a friend who sold his farm in ,pennsylvania for #e1jjj to invest it in ,dakota1 and after losing all in the new home returned to find the ,german who purchased the homestead had found oil and great wealth in a swamp which he had tried to drain off4 ,an old gentleman recently told of his refusal in #ahdj to accept as payment of a small note a lot on a corner in ,chicago now worth a million dollars1 and he shed bitter tears over the loss of property he never owned4 ,when ,ali ,hafed heard of the diamonds in ,india he sold his estate and went forth to seek his fortune4 ,his successor1 watering his camel in the garden1 saw the gleam of gems in the white sand and discovered the ,golconda mines4 ,had ,ali ,hafed had eyes to see his would have been boundless treasure at home instead of poverty1 starvation and death4 ,these and similar legends stand for the opportunities that have gone forever4 ,how many neglected their opportunities for education2 how they knocked unbidden at every door and no man opened4 ,others were denied culture1 and now feel they are unfulfilled prophecies4 ,many by one error have injured eye or ear or lung or limb or nervous system4 ,they grievously handicapped themselves4 ,others by ingratitude1 infidelity to trusts1 treachery to friends1 have poisoned happiness4 ,repentance is theirs1 and also forgiveness1 but not forgetfulness4 ,the past is full of bitterness4 ,let the dead past bury its dead4 ,the future is still ours4 ,the trees in ,october willingly let go their leaves to fall into the ditch4 ,their life is not in last year's leaves1 but in the infant buds that crowd the old leaves off4 ,put forth new activities4 ,open new furrows4 ,sow new seed4 ,all the tomorrows are thine2 but they are few and short4 ,fulfill his dictum who said3 ,i am as one going once across this vast continent2 ,i would lean forth and sow as far as hand can scatter my seed4 ,let the angels count the bundles4 ,no man should be discouraged in whom ,god believes1 preserving him in life4 ,let hope in ,god sweeten life's bitterness4 ,another enemy of hopefulness is found in nervous excesses and overwork4 ,men drain away their vitality4 ,ambitions unduly stimulate the brain4 ,many break the laws of sleep and the laws of digestion and the laws of nerve sobriety4 ,they spend their brain capital4 ,then they grow hopeless toward home and business4 ,ill-health spreads a gloom over all life4 ,every judgment is pessimistic2 it could not be otherwise4 ,the jaundiced eye yellows the landscape4 ,the sweetest music rasps like a file upon the nervous ear4 ,thomas ,carlyle's pessimism was largely physical4 ,he overworked upon his life of ,oliver ,cromwell4 ,maurice once said3 ,carlyle believed in ,god down to the time of ,oliver ,cromwell4 ,once1 in a moment of depression1 ,lyman ,beecher prayed3 ,lord1 keep us from despising our rulers1 and help them to stop acting so we cannot help despising them4 ,poor1 nerve-racked ,pascal1 grew fearful lest his affection for his sister1 who had nursed him through a long illness1 was sinful4 ,one day he wrote in his journal3 ,lord1 forgive me for loving my dear sister so much6 ,afterward he drew his pen through the word dear4 ,hope and trust toward ,god go with health4 ,sickliness is not saintliness4 ,god cannot save by hope what man destroys by ill-health4 ,dean ,stanley used hopefulness as a test of all systems of truth4 ,rightly so4 ,god is the ,god of hope1 and his truth1 like himself1 carries the atmosphere of good cheer4 ,the falsity of medievalism appears in this--it robbed men of joy and gladness4 ,god was the center of darkness4 ,his throne was iron4 ,his heart was marble4 ,his laws were huge implements of destruction4 ,his penalties were red-hot cannon balls crashing along the sinner's pathway4 ,repentance toward ,god was moving toward the arctics and away from the tropics4 ,christianity was anything but peace on earth1 good will to men4 ,philosophers destroyed ,god's winsomeness4 ,the reformers came in to lead men away from medievalism back to ,god himself4 ,men found hope again in redemptive love4 ,they saw that any conception of ,god that dispirited and depressed men was perverted and false4 ,no man hath done more to establish this fact than him who long ago said3 ,any presentation of the gospel of ,jesus ,christ that does not come to the world as the balmy days of ,may comes to the unlocked northern zones2 any way of preaching the love of ,god in ,christ which is not as full of sweetness as the voice of the angels when they sang at the advent2 any way of making known the proclamation of mercy which has not at least as many birds as there are in ,june and as many flowers as the dumb meadows know how to bring forth2 any method of bringing before men the doctrine of salvation which does not make everyone feel1 ',there is hope for me in ,god--in the divine plan1 in the very nature of the organization of human life and society1' is spurious--is a slander on ,god and is blasphemy against his love4 ,hope hath her harvest also for teachers and reformers4 ,often men think their work is squandered4 ,they seem to be sowing seed not upon the ,nile1 to find it again abundantly1 but in midocean1 to sink and come to naught4 ,parents and teachers break their hearts1 fearing their watchfulness and instruction have failed4 ,men sow wheat and wait six months for a harvest2 but they sow moral seed ,sunday and on ,monday whip their children because the seed has not ripened4 ,they forget that apples bitter in ,july may be sweet in ,august4 ,to-day's vice in the child is often to-morrow's virtue1 as acid juices through frost become saccharine4 ,yesterday the mother rocked a little angel in the cradle2 to-day she moans3 ,alas1 that ,i should have rocked a little fox1 a little serpent1 a little wolf6 ,to-morrow the child becomes a model of truth and integrity4 ,the sage might have said3 ,it is good that woman should hope and wait4 ,truth's errand has always been a successful errand4 ,not a single social truth or civic truth or moral truth has ever been lost out of the world4 ,secrets of cruelty and fraud1 secrets of oppression and sin perish1 but nothing that makes life happier or better hath been forgotten4 ,we do not have to keep ,god and truth alive1 they keep us alive4 ,vegetable seeds can be killed1 but not moral seeds4 ,when ,god issues his silent command to the earth flying into winter and wheels it back toward summer1 it is given to no man to put a brake upon warmth2 nor can he go up against the spring with swords and banners4 ,but easier this than staying the upward march of mankind4 ,god is abroad upon a mission of recovery4 ,open thy hand1 ,o publicist6 and sow thy seed4 ,the seed shall perish1 but not the harvest4 ,our childhood was pleased with the story of the old monk who was shipwrecked alone on a desert isle4 ,he always carried with him a few roots and seeds4 ,planting these1 he died1 but sailors coming twenty years later found the isle waving with fruit trees4 ,to the beauty of this legend let us add the truth of one who has made all this land his debtor4 ,in #ahja a youth passed through western ,pennsylvania4 ,he was collecting apple seeds with which to found orchards in the then unbroken states of ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,illinois and ,michigan4 ,when he came to an open1 sunny spot in the forest he would plant his seeds and protect them with a brush fence4 ,years afterward new settlers found hundreds of these embryo orchards in the forests4 ,thrice he floated his canoe laden with seeds down the ,ohio to the settlers in ,kentucky4 ,to this brave man1 called by our ,congressional ,record ,johnny ,appleseed1 whole states owe their wealth and treasure of vineyards and orchards4 ,this intrepid man is a beautiful type of all those who1 passing through life's wastes1 sow the land with ,god's eternal truths1 whose leaves and fruits heal nations4 ,if ,god remembers the roots in dark forests he will not forget his truths in human hearts4 ,therefore1 sow thy seed4 ,ye are saved by hope4 ,the ground and basis of all hope whatsoever is ,god4 ,it is his good providence and redemptive love in ,jesus ,christ that make us optimists4 ,hope is not within the scope of our wisdom or culture or skill2 and hope is not in our health or tool or treasure4 ,we journey into an unknown future4 ,it is not given to us to know what a day or an hour of the new year may bring forth4 ,how impotent are the wisest and strongest in the hour when we hear the sound of the ocean and in darkness ford the deep and dangerous river1 beyond which is high and eternal noon4 ,what can the child on some great ocean steamer caught in a winter's storm do to overcome the tempest8 ,can it drive the fierce blasts back to their northern haunts8 ,can its little hand hold the wheel and guide the great ship8 ,can its voice still the billows that can crush the steamer like an egg-shell8 ,can its breath destroy the icy coat of mail that covers all the decks8 ,what the child can do is trust the ,captain who has brought this same ship through a hundred hard storms4 ,it can rest and trust and hope4 ,and all we upon this great earth-ship have been caught1 not in a storm1 but in the gulf stream of ,god's providence4 ,the warm tropic currents sweep us on to the heavenly harbor4 ,the trade winds above aid the forward flight4 ,more than all else is the larger planetary movement that sweeps gulf stream1 winds and ship onward towards the infinite4 ,soon shall we enter into quiet waters and cast out our anchor4 ,looking forward1 let us hope and cleanse all fear out of life--trust ,god1 love him and rejoice4 ,even our largest problems need not dispirit us4 ,problems are not to be analyzed1 but accepted4 ,he who analyzes a flower loses it4 ,he who cracks a diamond to see what it is1 is without both gem and knowledge4 ,life's great questions are seeds4 ,plant a seed1 then wait4 ,some day the flower and fruit will explain the seed4 ,it is well to lay aside difficult questions to be asked some day at the throne of ,god4 ,then we will look back to smile at what now disturbs us exceedingly4 ,remember the ,russian ,cathedral--travelers tell us the din and noise of the crowds thronging under the dome to those above the dome become a strain of soft music4 ,it is good to hope and wait4 ,because ,god lives and loves1 man should enter the future as he enters temple or cathedral--to dedicate all its days to hope and aspiration4 ,,index4 ,anti-slavery movement1 the1 ,wilberforce1 #baa ,arnold1 ,benedict1 #bdc ,arnold of ,rugby1 #ahi ,audubon1 wife of1 #ih ,bacon2 ,pascal1 #ge ,baucis and ,philemon1 #bdi ,caesar1 the value of personality1 #af ,carey1 ,william1 #aga ,carlyle1 wife of1 #ahf ,christ1 coming of1 #abb ,christian manhood1 the1 #bei ,christ the supreme example1 #cj ,civilization1 achievements of1 #acf ,civilization1 ,christ's promise for1 #eb ,classic writer1 tale of a1 #bd ,culture1 ,character1 ,beauty1 the secret of1 #afc ,darwin on ,christian teachers1 #afh ,desert1 oases of1 #ce ,divine ,teacher1 the1 #agg ,england1 career of1 #bec ,england1 orphan babes of1 #baj ,english visitor1 the1 #adh ,fame a holy ambition1 #bi ,faneuil1 ,peter1 #bae ,fathers1 the2 uprising of #ahfa1 #ee ,feeling and sentiment1 #adb ,forest1 a--differing conceptions of1 #fj ,fourth century1 the1 #bbc ,france--king of2 ,marie ,antoinette2 ,carlyle1 #fc1 #fd ,friendship an open sesame1 #bca ,garfield1 #aeh ,genius marred by absence of humble virtues1 #bjg ,gentleness1 lack of1 #aha ,god1 erroneous conception of1 #aia ,god1 man's attitude toward1 #fe ,god1 punishments of1 #he ,god the ground and basis of all hope1 #aid ,god's world a good world1 #cf ,gough1 ,john ,b41 #add ,great hearts1 #acd ,greatness an accumulation of little deeds1 #bjb ,grey1 ,jane1 #bja ,growth by accretion2 from seed1 #bdb ,heart and intellect1 #ach ,heart and the age of cruelty1 #aci ,heart transformations1 #ade ,heroism--the ,divine ,teacher2 ,henry ,grady2 ,napier2 ,browning2 ,ruskin1 #ib-ie ,holland1 greatness of2 ,william the ,silent1 #agj ,homer's ideal1 ,helen1 #aai ,hope and aspiration1 functions of1 #bhb ,hope1 enemies of1 #bhf ,hope long deferred1 #aab ,howard2 ,goodyear2 ,patteson1 #gi1 #hj ,hugo1 ,victor1 #afe ,human life1 enemies of1 #bje ,humanity and social sympathy1 #ajj ,industrial law the law of sacrifice1 #afa ,intelligence1 ignorance1 #abe ,keats1 #ahc ,keep thou this man1 #bai ,king ,saul and the seer1 #ad ,labor1 problem of1 #abd ,labor1 fruition of1 #abg ,law of violence1 the1 #bgj ,life a column of days1 #bgi ,life1 problem of1 #bci ,life's better hours1 #bcc ,lincoln1 ,abraham1 #ef ,livingstone1 #ahj ,love1 definition of1 #bfd ,love and immortality1 #bge ,love the fulfillment of all ethical laws1 #bfh ,lowly woman1 career of a1 #ai ,man governed through hope1 #bhj ,man1 influence of for good or evil1 #ac ,man1 the great destroyer1 #bc ,man1 a force-producer1 #be ,man1 unpurposed influence of1 #bg ,moral retribution1 #bea ,nature1 favors of1 #ga ,nature1 mysterious workings of1 #bda ,new womanhood1 the1 #ih ,nerve and brain force1 drain of1 #bee ,no man careth for my soul1 #bad ,opportunity1 genius of1 #bbj ,orations--,american2 humble heroes2 parental sacrifice2 suffering of ancestors2 a tribute to the early dead1 #ha-hd ,patriot1 the2 scholar1 the1 #gj ,peabody1 ,george1 #eg ,phocion1 patriot and martyr1 #agj ,pompeii1 #bbi ,progress and civilization1 law of1 #aff ,progress1 mainspring of1 #bfa ,prosperity1 #bcj ,religion1 man's idea of1 #aba ,religion perfected by love1 #bgc ,retribution1 harvest of1 #bde ,rosetta ,stone1 the1 #aig ,science and ,god1 #bjd ,seas1 secrets of1 #gc ,secret springs of civilization1 #bhc ,self-sacrifice1 law of1 #aei ,society1 #eh ,society1 crying need of1 #ahh ,society1 progress of1 #abc ,spencer1 ,herbert1 #bgj ,spiritual harvests1 ,milton's study of1 #bdg ,strategic element1 the1 #bbe ,the ,christian the perfect gentleman1 #bfb ,the heart and religious belief1 #adg ,the heart in industry1 #aea ,the heart in civilization1 #adi ,thirteenth century1 the1 #bbd ,thought1 liberty of1 #gh ,time-element1 the2 ,robert ,peel2 honors are evanescent2 man's social and industrial life2 realm of law and liberty1 #aac-aai ,time-element in business1 #abf ,turner1 #ahb ,tyndall1 #gd ,unsupported intellect1 impotency of1 #adj ,wealth and position--,lord ,shaftesbury1 #ba ,wealth and poverty1 #ajc ,webster1 ,daniel1 #afe ,widow's mite1 the1 #aih ,wisdom1 culture1 character increased by hope1 #bhe