,,ont>io ,,tea*]s' ,,manuals ,,hi/ory ,,au?oriz$ ,,by ,,! ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,education ,,toronto ,,! ,,copp1 ,,cl>k ,,company1 ,,limit$ ,,copyright1 ,,canada1 #aiae1 ,,by ,,! ,,m9i/] ,,( ,,education ,,= ,,ont>io ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,public ,,& ,,sep>ate ,,s*ool ,,c\rse ,,( ,,/udy #a ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,aims ,,& ,,/ages ,,( ,,/udy #ac ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,9 ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,hi/ory #ba ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,correlation ,,( ,,subjects #dj ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,special ,,topics #di ,curr5t ,ev5ts #di ,local ,mat]ial #ea ,civics #eb ,! ,tea*] ( ,hi/ory #eg ,,*apt] ,v ,,illu/rative ,,lessons #fj ,=ms ,i & ,,ii #fj ,=m ,,ii #fb ,=m ,,iii #ff ,=ms ,,iii & ,,iv #ge ,=m ,,iv #gh ,= ,tea*]s' ,ref]5ce #aai ,,devices #abg ,,bibliography #acj ,,app5dix #acf ,,manual ,,( ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,tea*]s ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,public ,,& ,,sep>ate ,,s*ool ,,c\rse ,,( ,,/udy ,,details ,! c\rse 9 lit]ature & composition includes ! tell+ by ! tea*] ( suitable /ories f ! ,bible1 /ories ( primitive peoples1 ( *ild life 9 o!r l&s1 ( fam\s p]sons & peoples2 & ! oral reproduction ( ^! /ories by ! pupils4 ,9 ?is way hi/ory1 lit]ature1 & composition are comb9$4 ,= ,me?od 9 tell+ /ories1 consult ,h[ to ,tell ,/ories to ,*ildr51 by ,s>a ,cone ,bryant1 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,company1 ,bo/on1 #a4jj4 ,,=m ,i ,,bible ,,/ories3 ,moses 9 ! ,bulru%es1 8 ,*ildhood1 ! ,burn+ ,bu%1 ! ,cross+ ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 ! ,tables ( ,/one2 ,joseph's ,boyhood ,dreams1 ,joseph sold into ,egypt1 ! ,fam9e1 ! ,visits ( 8 ,bre?r52 ,david & ,golia?2 ,samson4 ,,/ories ,,( ,,*ild ,,life3 ,! ,eskimo ,girl1 ! ,&ean ,girl1 ! ,arabian ,girl1 ! ,little ,syrian ,girl1 ! ,swiss ,girl1 ! ,*9ese ,girl1 ! ,african ,girl1 ! ,g]man ,girl1 ! ,canadian ,girl2 ! ,little ,r$ ,*ild1 ! ,little ,:ite ,*ild1 ! ,little ,black ,*ild1 ! ,little ,yell[ ,*ild1 ! ,little ,br[n ,*ild4 ,consult ,! ,sev5 ,little ,si/]s1 by ,jane ,&rews1 ,g9n ,co41 ,bo/on1 #ej;c42 ,! ,little ,c\s9 ,s]ies1 by ,m>y ,hazelton ,wade1 ,! ,page ,co41 ,bo/on1 #fj;c4 ea*2 ,five ,little ,/rang]s1 ,julia ,augu/a ,s*w>z1 ,am]ican ,book ,co41 ,new ,york2 ,ea* & ,all1 ,jane ,&rews 7sequel to ,! ,sev5 ,little ,si/]s71 #ej c5ts4 ,,special ,,days3 ,*ri/mas3 ,! ,bir? ( ,*ri/1 ! ,fir/ ,*ri/mas ,tree 7see ,app5dix72 ,arbor ,day2 ,con/ructive "w sugge/$ by ,/4 ,val5t9e's ,day & ,?anksgiv+ ,day2 ,/ories ( ^! ,days4 ,,note3 ,advantage %\ld be tak5 ( e opportunity to tea* ob$i5ce to au?ority & respect = ! prop]ty & rights ( o!rs4 ,,=m ,,ii ,,bible ,,/ories3 ,abraham & ,lot1 ,jo%ua1 ,david & ,jona?an1 ,david & ,saul1 ,ru? & ,naomi1 ,daniel1 ,miriam & ,moses1 ,abraham & ,isaac1 ,boyhood ( ,*ri/1 ! ,%ipwreck ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,,/ories ,,( ,,*ild ,,life3 ,! ,aryan ,boy1 ! ,p]sian ,boy1 ! ,greek ,boy1 ! ,roman ,boy1 ! ,saxon ,boy1 ! ,page ,boy1 ! ,engli% ,boy1 ! ,puritan ,boy1 ! ,canadian ,boy ( ,to-day1 ,*ild ,life 9 ,canada 7a7 9 ! e>ly days1 7b7 to-day on ! f>m & 9 ! city or t[n2 occupations1 games1 & plays1 etc4 ,consult ,t5 ,little ,boys ,:o ,liv$ on ! ,road f ,long ,ago till ,n[1 by ,jane ,&rews1 ,g9n ,co41 #ej;c4 ,,/ories ,,( ,,fam\s ,,p3 ,boadicea1 ,alfr$1 ,h>old1 ,fir/ ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 ,sir ,francis ,drake1 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 ,columbus1 ,cabot1 ,c>ti]1 ,*ampla91 ,madele9e de ,v]*res1 ,pontiac1 ,brock1 ,laura ,secord1 ,flor5ce ,night+ale4 ,consult ,! ,/ory ( ! ,briti% ,p1 ,?omas ,nelson ,sons1 ,toronto1 #ce;c4 7,= ,flor5ce ,night+ale1 see ,app5dix47 ,,pione] ,,life3 ,9 ,anci5t ,brita93 ,see ,second ,read]1 p4 #aji2 ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 p4 #aj4 ,9 ,roman ,brita93 ,see ,! ,/ory ( ,! ,briti% ,p1 pp4 #ah-bd4 ,old ,engli% ,life3 ,see ,?ird ,read]1 p4 #cbe2 ,ont>io ,high ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 pp4 #cc-dj4 ,at ! ,close ( ! ,fr5* ,p]iod 9 ,canada3 ,see ,f\r? ,read]1 p4 #fe4 ,9 ,upp] ,canada 9 ! ,?irties3 ,see ,f\r? ,read]1 p4 #abb4 ,our ,=efa!rs3 ,:]e !y liv$ be=e com+ "h1 h[ !y got "h1 h>d%ips 9 travel1 condition ( ! c\ntry at t "t1 h[ !y cle>$ ! l&1 _! homes1 _! difficulties1 dang] f wild animals1 ! natives ( ! c\ntry1 modes ( travel1 implem5ts & tools1 etc4 ,consult ,p5 ,pictures ( ,e>ly ,pione] ,life 9 ,upp] ,canada1 ,briggs1 #b4jj2 ,ont>io ,high ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,canada4 ,,inv5tors3 ,watt1 ,/eph5son1 ,fulton1 ,bell1 ,edison1 ,m>coni4 ,,civics3 ,elem5t>y lessons 9 local gov]nm5t3 7a7 ,9 cities1 t[ns1 & incorporat$ villages--! po/ma/]1 7see ,illu/rative ,lesson1 p4 #fe71 ! po/man & policeman2 city or t[n hall1 po/-(fice1 mail boxes1 s*ool-h\ses4 7b7 ,= rural di/ricts--po/ma/]1 tru/ees1 roads & bridges1 rural mail deliv]y4 ,,special ,,days3 ,empire ,day1 ,victoria ,day1 ,dom9ion ,day2 local occasions su* z ,fair ,day1 ,election ,day2 review ( ^? ,days tak5 9 ,=m ,i4 ,,=ms ,,iii ,,& ,,iv ,,prelim9>y ,,note ,bel[ are ! topics & sub-topics ( ! ,c\rse 9 ,hi/ory = ,=ms ,,iii & ,,iv4 ,9 deal+ ) ! subject 9 bo? ,=ms1 ! tea*] %\ld keep con/antly 9 m9d ! *ief aims suit$ to ?is /age ( ! pupil's developm5t4 7,see pp4 #af1 #ag47 ,! mo/ vital ( ^! is to create & fo/] a lik+ = hi/orical /udy4 ,! tea*] %\ld make use ( simple map draw+ to illu/rate ! subject4 ,?is is especially necess>y 9 deal+ ) ! hi/ory ( ,canada4 ,!re %\ld be mu* illu/ration by means ( maps & pictures4 ,see ,educational ,pamphlet ,no4 #d1 ,visual ,aids 9 ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory4 ,! *apt] numb]s 9 ! ,c\rse = ,=m ,,iii are ^? ( ! *apt]s 9 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,briti% ,p prescrib$ = ! ,=m4 ,^! *apt]s %\ld be c>efully read &1 9 ,=m ,,iv1 ! au?oriz$ text-books %\ld be foll[$ = ! ma9 acc\nt4 ,hav+ reg>d to ! "t available = ! ,c\rse1 only ! mo/ important details %\ld be tak5 up4 ,,=m ,,iii ,,junior ,,grade ,,canadian ,,hi/ory ,columbus--,! ,discov]y ( ,am]ica 7,*ap4 ,,xx7 ,john ,cabot & ! ,new ,_w 7,*ap4 ,,xxi7 ,jacques ,c>ti] 7,*ap4 ,,xxiii7 ,raleigh & ,gilb]t 7,*ap4 ,,xxvi7 ,! ,beg9n+s ( ,acadia 7,*ap4 ,,xxvii7 ,*ampla91 ! ,fa!r ( ,new ,france 7,*ap4 ,,xxviii7 ,! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs 7,*ap4 ,,xxix7 ,! ,jesuits 9 ,canada 7,*ap4 ,,xxxi7 ,! ,settlem5t ( ,fr5* ,canada 7,*ap4 ,,xxxi7 ,la ,salle 7,*ap4 ,,xxxiv7 ,h5ry ,hudson--,new ,york & ,hudson ,bay 7,*ap4 ,,xxxv7 ,front5ac 7,*aps4 ,,xxxiv1 ,,xxxvii7 ,! ,conque/ ( ,canada--,wolfe & ,montcalm1 ,pontiac 7,*ap4 ,,xli7 ,! ,com+ ( ! ,loyali/s 7,*ap4 ,,xlii7 ,h[ ,canada ,f\ght = ! ,empire 7,*ap4 ,,xliv7 ,william ,lyon ,mack5zie 7,*ap4 ,,xlvi7 ,! ,great ,nor?-,we/--,selkirk1 ,mack5zie1 ,/ra?cona1 ,riel 7,*ap4 ,,xlvii7 ,canada & ! ,empire--,royal ,visitors 7,*ap4 ,l7 ,,=m ,,iii ,,s5ior ,,grade ,,briti% ,,hi/ory ,! ,fir/ ,britons 7,*ap4 ,i7 ,! ,com+ ( ! ,romans 7,*ap4 ,,ii7 ,a ,day 9 ,roman ,brita9 7,*ap4 ,,iii7 ,! ,com+ ( ! ,engli% 7,*ap4 ,,iv7 ,! ,com+ ( ,*ri/ianity 7,*ap4 ,v7 ,! ,vik+s 7,*ap4 ,,vi7 ,alfr$ ! ,great 7,*ap4 ,,vii7 ,rivals = a ,?rone 7,*ap4 ,,viii7 ,! ,com+ ( ! ,normans 7,*ap4 ,,ix7 ,a ,norman ,ca/le 7,*ap4 ,x7 ,a ,glance at ,scotl& 7,*ap4 ,,xi7 ,h5ry ! ,second & ,irel& 7,*ap4 ,,xii7 ,ri*>d ! ,lion ,he>t 7,*ap4 ,,xiii7 ,k+ ,john & ! ,great ,*>t] 7,*ap4 ,,xiv7 ,! ,fir/ ,pr9ce ( ,wales 7,*ap4 ,,xv7 ,wallace & ,bruce 7,*aps4 ,,xvi1 ,,xvii7 ,! ,black ,pr9ce 7,*ap4 ,,xviii7 ,! ,fa!r ( ! ,briti% ,navy 7,*ap4 ,,xxii7 ,! ,new ,wor%ip 7,*ap4 ,,xxiv7 ,francis ,drake1 ,sea-dog 7,*ap4 ,,xxv7 ,k+ ,*>les ! ,fir/ 7,*ap4 ,,xxx7 ,! ,rule ( ,cromwell 7,*ap4 ,,xxxii7 ,! ,k+ ,enjoys 8 ,own aga9 7,*ap4 ,,xxxiii7 ,! ,revolution & ,aft] 7,*ap4 ,,xxxvi7 ,! ,greate/ ,soldi] ( 8 ,"t 7,*ap4 ,,xxxviii7 ,bonnie ,pr9ce ,*>lie 7,*ap4 ,,xxxix7 ,rob]t ,clive1 ! ,d>+ 9 ,w> 7,*ap4 ,,xl7 ,! ,t]ror ( ,europe 7,*ap4 ,,xliii7 ,wat]loo 7,*ap4 ,,xlv7 ,victoria ! ,good 7,*aps4 ,,xlvi1 ,,xlviii1 ,,xlix7 ,,civics ,review ( ! "w 9 ,=m ,,ii2 election ( t[n or t[n%ip c\ncil2 taxes--! money p pay to keep up s*ools & roads1 etc42 h[ local taxes are levi$ = ! support ( ! s*ool2 election ( memb]s ( ,c\nty ,c\ncil1 ( memb]s ( ,prov9cial ,legislature2 duties ( citiz5%ip4 ,,=m ,,iv ,,junior ,,grade ,,canadian ,,hi/ory ,be=e ! ,briti% ,conque/--an introductory acc\nt3 ,! ,fr5* settlem5ts3 ,ext5t1 life ( ! seignior1 habitant1 & c\reur de bois2 sy/em ( trade2 gov]nm5t at ,quebec--gov]nor1 bi%op1 int5dant2 t]ritorial claims 7,*aps4 ,,vii1 ,,viii1 ,,ix1 ,,xi7 ,! ,engli% settlem5ts--,hudson's ,bay ,company1 ,engli% colonies 9 ,new ,york1 ,new ,engl&1 ,acadia1 & ,newf\ndl&2 population1 life1 trade1 gov]nm5t1 t]ritorial claims 7,*aps4 ,,viii1 ,x1 ,,xi7 ,briti% ,conque/ ( ,new ,france--fall ( ,quebec 7,*ap4 ,,xi7 ,conspiracy ( ,pontiac 7,*ap4 ,,xii7 ,quebec ,act 7,*ap4 ,,xii7 ,canada & ! ,am]ican ,revolution2 ,u4,e4 ,loyali/s 7,*aps4 ,,xiii1 ,,xv7 ,con/itutional ,act--,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t 7,*ap4 ,,xiv7 ,social ,conditions1 #agfc-ahab 7,*ap4 ,,xv7 ,hudson's ,bay ,company 7,*aps4 ,,viii1 ,,xvi1 ,,xxi7 ,nor?-,we/ ,company 7,*ap4 ,,xvi7 ,exploration 9 ,nor?-,we/--,he>ne1 ,mack5zie1 ,fras]1 ,?ompson 7,*ap4 ,,xvi7 ,w> ( #ahab-ad 7,*ap4 ,,xvii7 ,family ,compact 7,*ap4 ,,xvii7 ,cl]gy ,res]ves 7,*ap4 ,,xvii7 ,william ,lyon ,mack5zie 7,*ap4 ,,xvii7 ,"l ,durham1 ,act ( ,union1 #ahdj--,responsible ,gov]nm5t 7,*ap4 ,,xviii7 ,social ,progress1 #ahab-ahda 7,*ap4 ,,xix7 ,settlem5t ( ! ,nor?-,we/--,selkirk 7,*aps4 ,,xvi1 ,,xx7 ,conf$]ation ( ! ,prov9ces1 #ahfg 7,*ap4 ,,xxii7 ,int]colonial ,railway 7,*ap4 ,,xxiv7 ,expansion ( ! ,dom9ion by addition ( new prov9ces 7,*ap4 ,,xxii7 ,social ,progress1 #ahda-ahfg 7,*ap4 ,,xxiii7 ,canadian ,pacific ,railway 7,*ap4 ,,xxiv7 ,riel ,rebellion 7,*ap4 ,,xxiv7 ,disputes betwe5 ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates s9ce #ahad settl$ by treaty or arbitration4 ,! ,hundr$ ,ye>s ( ,peace ,canada1 at ! op5+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury2 transportation1 indu/ry1 means ( def5ce1 education 7,*ap4 ,,xxv7 ,ont>io s9ce ,conf$]ation3 ,john ,s&field ,macdonald1 ,sir ,oliv] ,m[at1 ,ar?ur ,/urgis ,h>dy1 ,sir ,george ,w4 ,ross1 ,sir ,james ,p4 ,:itney 7,*ap4 ,,xxvi7 ,an acc\nt ( h[ ,canada is gov]n$1 simple & concrete & z f> z possible relat$ to ! exp]i5ce ( ! pupils2 ,municipal ,gov]nm5t1 ,prov9cial ,gov]nm5t1 ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t 7,*ap4 ,,xxvii7 ,,=m ,,iv ,,s5ior ,,grade ,,briti% ,,hi/ory ,a ,a ,c\rse ( ab\t ,two ,mon?s ,! ,e>ly ,inhabitants--,! ,britons ,! ,com+ ( ! ,romans ,! ,com+ ( ! ,saxons ,! ,com+ ( ,*ri/ianity ,alfr$ ! ,great ,! ,com+ ( ! ,normans--,! ,feudal ,sy/em ,ri*>d ,i & ! ,crusad]s ,john & ,magna ,*>ta ,! ,scotti% ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce ,! ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w>--,crecy1 ,ag9c\rt1 ,joan ( ,arc4 ,! ,w>s ( ! ,roses 7no li/s ( battles or details ( fight+7 ,caxton & ,pr9t+ ,sep>ation betwe5 ! ,engli% ,*ur* & ,rome ,b ,a ,c\rse ( ab\t ,eight ,mon?s ,brief acc\nt ( ! ,briti% ,isles1 t]ritorial1 political1 & religi\s1 z an introduction to ! reign ( ,elizabe?4 ,elizabe? & ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots2 ! ,spani% ,armada2 ,drake1 ,hawk9s1 ,gilb]t1 ,raleigh1 ,%akespe>e4 ,! ,/u>ts3 ,div9e ,"r ( ,k+s support$ by majority ( g5try & l&[n]s 7cavali]s71 oppos$ by ! comm]cial & trad+ classes & yeom5 7r\ndheads74 ,! ,k+s /rove = absolute p[]1 ! ,p>liam5t = con/itutional gov]nm5t4 ,james ,i3 ,union ( ! ,engli% & ,scotti% ,cr[ns4 ,*>les ,i3 ,/ruggle betwe5 ,k+ & ,p>liam5t2 ,petition ( ,"r1 ,%ip ,money1 rebellion1 execution ( ,*>les4 ,commonweal?3 nom9ally a republic1 really a dictator%ip "u ,cromwell4 ,he gave ,brita9 a /rong gov]nm5t at home1 & made h] respect$ abroad1 & laid ! f\ndations ( ,brita9's =eign trade & colonial empire4 ,*>les ,,ii3 ,! ,re/oration3 ,reaction 9 /ate1 *ur*1 & society2 ,k+ /riv+ = absolute p[]2 ,noncon=mi/s p]secut$2 society pr(ligate 9 its revolt aga9/ ! /rictness ( ,puritanism2 ,habeas ,corpus ,act2 ,te/ ,act2 ,plague & ,great ,fire4 ,james ,,ii3 ,revolution ( #afhh1 ! dea?-knell ( div9e "r2 ,p>liam5t supreme2 ,decl>ation ( ,rights4 ,william & ,m>y3 ,p>ty gov]nm5t--,:igs & ,tories2 ,k+ to act by advice ( 8 m9i/]s2 ea* p>liam5t limit$ to ?ree ye>s2 ,bill ( ,rights2 ,act ( ,settlem5t4 ,anne3 ,m>lbor\gh2 ,union betwe5 ,engl& & ,scotl&1 #agjg2 ! ,jacobites1 #agae & #agde4 ,george ,,ii3 ,walpole1 ! great peace m9i/]--home & colonial trade fo/]$ & mat]ial weal? ( ! nation greatly increas$2 ,pitt1 ! great w> m9i/]2 t]ritorial expansion 9 ,canada & ,india--,wolfe1 ,clive2 ! ,me?odi/ ,movem5t1 ,wesley4 ,george ,,iii3 ,! ,am]ican ,revolution1 #aggf-hc3 loss ( ! ,am]ican ,colonies2 ,pitt2 ,wa%+ton2 acquisition ( ,au/ralia by ,great ,brita91 #aghh2 legislative union ( ,irel& ) ,great ,brita91 #ahja2 ,napoleonic w>s2 ,nelson1 ,well+ton1 ,ab\kir1 ,trafalg>1 & ,wat]loo2 indu/rial revolution--! *ange f an agricultural to an indu/rial c\ntry4 ,william ,,iv3 ,re=m ,act ( #ahcb1 a great =w>d movem5t 9 democratic gov]nm5t2 abolition ( slav]y1 #ahcc2 railways & /eam%ips4 ,victoria3 ,fir/ ,briti% settlem5t 9 ,new ,zeal&1 #ahci2 ,repeal ( ! ,corn ,laws1 #ahdf--;free trade1 ! comm]cial policy ( ,engl&2 ,elem5t>y ,education ,act1 #ahgj1 education compulsory2 p>liam5t>y fran*ise ext5d$--vote by ballot2 ,crimean w>2 ,indian ,mut9y2 ,egypt & ! ,suez ,canal2 ,bo] ,w>--,orange ,free ,/ate & ,s\? ,african ,republic annex$2 social progress4 ,edw>d ,,vii3 ,iri% ,l& ,act ( #aijc2 p5sions = ag$ lab\r]s2 ,k+ ,edw>d1 ! ,peace-mak]4 ,,civics ,taxation--direct & indirect2 h[ ! rev5ue ( ! ,dom9ion1 prov9ces1 & municipalities1 respectively1 is collect$4 ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t--,gov]nor-g5]al1 ,s5ate1 ,h\se ( ,commons1 ,premi]1 ,cab9et4 ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t--,k+1 ,h\se ( ,lords1 ,h\se ( ,commons1 ,premi]1 ,cab9et4 ,,hi/ory ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,aims ,,& ,,/ages ,,( ,,/udy ,,aims ,hi/ory may be made1 9 sev]al ways1 an important factor 9 =m+ intellig5t1 patriotic citiz5s3 7a7 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t society1 ) all its in/itutions1 is a gr[?1 n a sudd5 creation4 ,x foll[s t1 if we wi% to und]/& ! pres5t & to use t k z a guide to future action1 we mu/ "k ! /ory ( h[ our pres5t in/itutions & conditions h come to be :at !y are2 we mu/ "k ! ideals ( our =efa!rs1 ! means !y took to realize !m1 & to :at ext5t !y succe$$4 ,x is only 9 ?is way t we become capable ( pass+ judgm5t1 z citiz5s1 on :at is propos$ by political & social re=m]s1 & ?us ju/ify & gu>antee our exi/5ce z a democracy4 7b7 ,patriotism1 :i* dep5ds l>gely on ! associations =m$ 9 *ildhood1 is int5sifi$ by le>n+ h[ our =efa!rs f\ght & lab\r$ & suff]$ to obta9 all t we n[ value mo/ 9 our homes & social life4 ,! c\rage ) :i* ! e>ly settl]s ( ,upp] ,canada fac$ _! trem5d\s lab\rs & h>d%ips %\ld make u appreciate our inh]itance 9 ! ,ont>io ( to-day1 & det]m9e1 z !y did1 to leave our c\ntry bett] ?an we f\nd x4 ,to-morr[ yet w\ld reap to-day1 ,z we be> blossom ( ! dead4 7c7 ,hi/ory tea*es t "r & wrong are real di/9ctions4 ,! /udy ( hi/ory1 especially 9 ! sph]e ( biography1 has a moral value1 & mu* may be done1 ev5 9 ! prim>y classes1 to inspire *ildr5 to admire ! h]oic & ! self-sacrific+1 & to despise ! trea*]\s & ! self-seek+4 ,! con/ant /ruggle to "r :at is wrong 9 ! _w may be emphasiz$ 9 ! s5ior classes to %[ t no?+ is ev] settl$ until x is settl$ "r4 7d7 ,hi/ory af=ds specially good ex]cise = ! judgm5t we use 9 ev]yday life 9 weigh+ evid5ce & balanc+ probabilities4 ,su* a "q z ,did ,*ampla9 d "r 9 tak+ ! side ( ! ,hurons aga9/ ! ,iroquois1 or ev5 9 tak+ sides at all8 may be sugge/$ to ! old] pupils = consid]ation4 7e7 ,hi/ory1 :5 taught by a broad-m9d$1 well-in=m$ tea*]1 may d mu* to correct ! prejudices--social1 political1 religi\s--( individuals & communities4 7f7 ,! imag9ation is ex]cis$ 9 ! ef=t to recall or recon/ruct ! sc5es ( ! pa/ & 9 discov]+ relations ( cause & effect4 7g7 ,! memory is aid$ & /imulat$ by ! increase 9 ! numb] ( ! c5tres ( int]e/ r\nd :i* facts1 bo? new & old1 may be gr\p$4 7h7 ,a k ( ! facts & inf]5ces ( hi/ory is invaluable = g5]al read+ & culture4 ,to sum up3 ,x is important t ! good citiz5 %\ld "k 8 physical environm5t2 x is j z important = him to "k 8 social & political environm5t1 to h "s appreciation ( ! nature ( ! /ate & society1 "s s5se ( ! duties & responsibilities ( citiz5%ip1 "s capacity 9 deal+ ) political & gov]nm5tal que/ions1 some?+ ( ! broad & tol]ant _s :i* is br$ by ! /udy ( pa/ times & conditions4 ,,scope ,! ideal c\rse 9 hi/ory w\ld include 7#a7 a g5]al view ( ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 giv+ ! pupil k en\gh to provide ! prop] sett+ = ! hi/ory ( 8 own c\ntry2 7#b7 a m detail$ k ( ! :ole hi/ory ( 8 own c\ntry2 7#c7 & a special k ( c]ta9 out/&+ p]iods or t5d5cies 9 t hi/ory4 ,9 our s*ools1 we %\ld give mo/ att5tion to ! /udy ( ,canadian & ,briti% hi/ory z a :ole1 to en\gh ( ! hi/ory ( ,france & o!r c\ntries to make cle> c]ta9 p>ts ( our own hi/ory1 & to c]ta9 important p]iods1 su* z ! settlem5t ( ,upp] ,canada by ! ,unit$ ,empire ,loyali/s1 etc4 7,see ,detail$ ,c\rse ( ,/udy1 p4 #e47 ,we may also /udy our hi/ory along special l9es ( developm5t--political1 milit>y1 social1 educational1 religi\s1 indu/rial1 & comm]cial--b ^! phases are subjects ( /udy r = second>y s*ools & colleges4 ,,/ages ,,( ,,/udy ,!re are ?ree /ages 9 ! /udy ( hi/ory :i*1 ?\gh !y ov]lap ea* o!r1 yet indicate diff]5t me?ods ( treatm5t = pupils at diff]5t ages4 ,!y are ! ,/ory /age1 ! ,in=mation /age1 & ! ,reflective /age4 ,^! /ages are n exclusive1 nor d !y co9cide ) ! fir/ ?ree ,=ms 9 ! s*ools4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,/age ,?is /age is suitable = *ildr5 9 ! prim>y grades & is *iefly prep>atory to ! real /udy ( hi/ory 9 ! high] grades4 ,! ne$ = ?is /age lies 9 ! fact t ! *ild's ideas are ( ! pictorial r ?an ( ! ab/ract ord]2 yet 8 spontane\s int]e/ 9 ^! ?+s mu/ be made to s]ve z a /epp+-/one to ! acquir$ int]e/s ( civiliz$ life4 ,! def9ite objects at ?is /age are3 7a7 ,to create & fo/] a lik+ = hi/orical /udy4 ,x is impossible1 9 ! public s*ool life ( a *ild1 :i* is usually end$ at ! age ( twelve to f\rte5 ye>s1 to accompli% all t has be5 indicat$ above conc]n+ ! aims ( hi/ory tea*+4 ,! mo/ t c be done is to lay ! f\ndation & give ! pupil a desire to cont9ue 8 read+ aft] 8 s*ool days are ov]4 ,s]i\s blame re/s on ! tea*] ^: me?ods ( tea*+ hi/ory1 in/ead ( attract+ ! *ild to ! subject1 give him a di/a/e = x4 ,if hi/ory is made real & liv+ to *ildr51 x is usually n difficult to h !m l x4 7,= sugge/ions1 see p4 #cd47 7b7 ,to acqua9t ! pupils ) "s ( ! important hi/orical p]sons4 ,we wi% to take advantage ( ! fact t ! primitive =m ( att5tion :i* is captur$ at once by objects t /rike ! s5ses is giv+ place 9 "s degree to appreciative att5tion1 :i* is yield$ to ?+s t connect !mselves ) :at we already "k1 & :i* implies ability to adopt ! reflective attitude t[>ds a propos$ problem4,a ,n[ *ildr5 are m int]e/$ 9 p ?an 9 in/itutions or ev5ts2 &1 if we c give !m a k ( "s ( ! /rik+ incid5ts 9 ! lives ( important *>act]s 9 hi/ory1 we may expect !m to be m int]e/$ 9 ! /udy ( hi/ory at a lat] p]iod1 because !y w frequ5tly meet ) ^! famili> names4 ,! emphasis at ?is /age is !re=e on biography4 ,footnote ,a3 ,raymont3 ,pr9ciples ( ,education 7c7 ,to help ! developm5t ( ! hi/orical s5se4 ,! hi/orical s5se includes ! notion ( "t1 ! notion ( a social unit &1 accord+ to "s1 ! notion ( cause & effect4 ,! notion ( "t implies ! p[] to repres5t ! pa/ z if x 7 pres5t--t is1 ! p[] to ent] into ! ?\ghts & feel+s ( p ( ! pa/ z if we 7 liv+ among/ !m4 ,?is notion ( "t comes at diff]5t ages2 to "s e>ly1 to o!rs v late4 ,x came to ,pr(essor ,%al] at ! age ( ab\t eight or n9e ye>s1 z ! direct result ( vivid /ory-tell+3 ,( all ! folk :o 7 ab\t me1 ! survivors ( ! ,indian w>s 7 ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,!re 7 sev]al ( ^! old clapp]-claw$ fell[s /ill liv+1 ) _! m or less apocryphal tales ( adv5tures !y _h he>d ( or %>$4 ,!re 0 curr5t a tradition--,i h se5 x 9 pr9t--t !re _h be5 a fight betwe5 ! ,indians & :ites :]e ! gov]nm5t b>racks /ood1 & t two w\nd$ :ites _h be5 left ^u ! gr\nd1 :]e !y 7 n f\nd by ! savages4 ,"o ( ^! _h bo? arms brok51 ! o!r 0 simil>ly disabl$ z to 8 legs4 ,x 0 told t !y manag$ to subsi/ by comb9+ _! limit$ res\rces4 ,! man ) s\nd legs drove game up )9 range ( ! o!r cripple's gun1 & z ! turkeys or rabbits fell1 he kick$ !m )9 rea* ( 8 h&s1 & 9 l mann] provid$ him ) /icks = _! fire4 ,?is leg5d1 mu* elaborat$ 9 ! tell+1 gave me1 ,i believe at ab\t my eigh? ye>1 my fir/ s5se ( a hi/oric pa/1 & x l$ to mu* 9 ! way ( fanciful inv5tion ( l tales4 7,n4,f4 ,%al]3 ,autobiography1 ,*ap4 ,i47 ,! be/ means at ! tea*]'s comm& to assi/ its com+ is to tell good /ories f hi/ory ) all ! skill he has2 ! /ories ne$ n be told 9 *ronological ord]4 ,! notion ( "t implies also 9 ! old] pupils ! p[] to place ev5ts 9 *ronological ord]4 ,! notion ( a social unit is also ( sl[ gr[? & mu/ spr+ f ! *ild's conception ( ! social units he belongs to--! home1 ! s*ool1 ! community4 ,! notion ( cause & effect does n belong s :olly to ! /udy ( hi/ory z ! notions ( "t & ( ! social unit2 x is surpris+1 h[ev]1 h[ soon x makes its appe>ance 9 ! *ild's conceptions ( hi/ory1 9 8 desire to "k ! :y ( ?+s4 7,see ,b>nes' ,/udies 9 ,hi/orical ,me?od47 ,,! ,,in=mation ,,/age ,!re are sev]al que/ions t *ildr5 soon come to ask3 ,:58 & ,:]e8 ,:at8 & ,:o8 ,?is /age may be said to beg9 9 e>ne/ ) ! ,second ,=m1 & x cont9ues ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse4 ,"o ( ! ess5tial elem5ts 9 hi/ory /udy is to h a k ( ! important facts ( hi/ory1 )\t :i* !re c be no inf]5ces ( value = pres5t use4 ,! all-important po9t 9 ?is tea*+ ( facts is to keep ! lessons int]e/+ & n all[ !m to become m]e lifeless memoriz+ ( isolat$ happ5+s2 = a fact is ( value only :5 relat$ to o!r facts4 7,see pp4 #cf1 #ch47 ,,! ,,reflective ,,/age ,?is /age naturally foll[s ! ,in=mation /age1 z "o mu/ acquire facts be=e reflect+ on !m 9 ord] to draw inf]5ces4 ,b reflection ( a simple k9d may beg9 z soon z any facts are giv5 t w %[ ! relations ( cause & effect4 ,! "q = ! pupil "h is ,:y8 j z 9 ! prec$+ /age ! que/ions 7 ,:58 & ,:]e8 ,:at8 & ,:o8 ,in=mation & reflection may !re=e be comb9$--) due reg>d to ! pupil's capacity4 ,,practical ,,difficulties ,we may speak ( two difficulties4 ,! fir/ conc]ns ! enorm\s am\nt ( hi/orical mat]ial t exi/s4 ,x is increas$ /ill m by ! int]m+l+ ( leg5d ) hi/ory & by ! p>tial n>ratives ( prejudic$ writ]s4 ,! leg5d>y "p may be tak5 up 9 ! ,/ory /age2 & ! evils ( "o-sid$ acc\nts are (t5 balanc$ by ! great] vig\r & int]e/ ( ! n>rative1 z 9 ,macaulay's writ+s4 ,! difficulty connect$ ) ! great am\nt ( mat]ial c be solv$ by ! selection 7already l>gely made by ! text-books7 ( ! m important p>ts1 t is1 ^? facts ( hi/ory t h ! greate/ influ5ce on aft] times--! po9ts ( vital gr[? & l>ge connection )\t :i* subsequ5t hi/ory _c be prop]ly und]/ood4 ,! second difficulty has to d ) decid+ :]e to beg9 ! tea*+ ( hi/ory4 ,!re are two pr9ciples ( tea*+ t w help to solve ?is difficulty3 7#a7 ,! *ild le>ns by relat+ ev]y?+ new to 8 pres5t fund ( exp]i5ces2 7#b7 ,a *ild's notions gr[ m complex z 8 k increases4 ,to apply ^!1 we mu/ "k ! *ild's exp]i5ces & 8 pres5t notions4 ,we _c assume t ! pres5t conditions ( social life are kn[n to ! *ild ?r\gh 8 exp]i5ces4 ,our social life is also too complex to be und]/ood by him yet2 he c und]/& an individual h]o bett] ?an he c ! complex idea ( a nation4 ,h[ _m *ildr5 w\ld be able to beg9 a /udy ( hi/ory by hav+1 z "o writ] sugge/s1 a %ort s]ies ( lessons 444 to make "s simple & fundam5tal hi/orical ideas intelligible--a /ate1 a nation1 a dyna/y1 a mon>*1 a p>liam5t1 legislation1 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 taxes1 civil & =eign w>6 ,^! are ideas f> beyond ! compreh5sion ( ! beg9n]4 ,we mu/ be guid$1 n by :at happ5s to be ne> ! *ild 9 "t & place1 b by :at lies ne> 8 int]e/s4 ,z ,pr(essor ,b\rne says3 x may be t m$ival man1 because 8 *>act]i/ics belong to a simple type1 is clos] to ! exp]i5ce ( a *ild ?an _m a lat] h]o4 ,) old] *ildr5 x is m likely to be true t ! life ( hi/ory lies 9 its p]sonal connections ) :at is "h & n[ & /ill alive ) u2 ) hi/oric places & relics1 etc41 :i* make _! appeal fir/ ?r\gh ! s5ses2 ) in/itutions1 su* z trial by jury2 ) anniv]s>ies & celebrations ( great ev5ts :i* may be us$ to ar\se int]e/ 9 ! hi/ory :i* !y sugge/ & recall4 ,h[ev]1 z ,mc,murry po9ts out1 we are 9 a peculi>ly fav\rable position 9 ,canada1 because we h 9 our own hi/ory1 9 ! comp>atively %ort "t ( #djj ye>s1 ! developm5t ( a free & prosp]\s c\ntry f a /ate ( wildness & savag]y4 ,! e>ly /ages ( our hi/ory pres5t ^? elem5ts ( life t appeal /rongly to *ildr5--namely1 ,indians ) all _! ways ( liv+ & fight+1 & ! e>ly settl]s ) _! simpl] problems & difficulties4 ,! developm5t ( ?is simpl] life to ! m complex life ( ! pres5t c be m readily und]/ood by *ildr5 z !y foll[ up ! *anges t h tak5 place4 7,see ,mc,murry1 ,special ,me?od 9 ,hi/ory1 pp4 #bf-cj47 ,( c\rse1 at e /ep appeal mu/ be made to ! exp]i5ces ( *ildr51 z ! tea*] kn[s !m4 ,9 ,civics1 h[ev]1 ! beg9n+ mu/ be made ) conditions t exi/ to-day--s*ools1 taxes1 ! policeman1 ! po/ma/]1 etc4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! real tea*+ ( hi/ory may !n be made at ! beg9n+ ( ,canadian ,hi/ory1 z ?is w enable ! *ild to g gradually f ! simple1 or individual1 to ! complex1 & w also all[ ! tea*] to make use ( :atev] hi/orical rema9s may be )9 rea*4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,g5]al ,,me?ods ,,9 ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,hi/ory ,!re are _m me?ods us$ 9 ! tea*+ ( hi/ory4 ,a brief description ( ! pr9cipal ones is giv5 = ref]5ce m]ely1 s9ce _! be/ features are incorporat$ 9 a comb9ation ( me?ods1 :i* is /rongly recomm5d$ to tea*]s1 & is describ$ fully 9 succe$+ pages4 #a4 ,me?ods bas$ on ! arrangem5t & selection ( ! matt]3 ,*ronological1 ,topical ,,! ,,*ronological ,,me?od ,! matt] is *os5 accord+ to ! "t ord]1 beg9n+ at ! fir/ ( ! hi/ory1 & ! ev5ts are taught 9 ! ord] ( occurr5ce )\t any m>k$ emphasis on _! importance1 or )\t consid]+ :e!r a k ( ! ev5t is useful or int]e/+ to ! class at ?is /age4 ,su* an arrangem5t ( matt] is m suitable :5 ! =mal /udy ( hi/ory is begun4 ,,! ,,topical ,,me?od ,9 /udy+ a c]ta9 p]iod ( hi/ory ! ev5ts are arrang$ "u topics or heads2 = example1 ! p]iod ( discov]y 9 ,canadian ,hi/ory may be arrang$ ?us--,discov]ies1 ,explorations1 ,e>ly ,settlem5ts1 ,indian ,w>s--& ! /udy ( ea* ( ^! pursu$ to completion1 contempor>y ev5ts belong+ to o!r topics be+ neglect$ = a "t4 ,ev5ts hav+ ! same und]ly+ purpose1 ?\gh occurr+ 9 diff]5t p]iods1 may be arrang$ "u "o topic = review2 = example1 all ! voyages ( discov]y to ,am]ica may be gr\p$ "u ! topic1 ,! ,road to ,ca?ay4 7,see p4 #ib47 ,9 ?is way a compreh5sive k is ga9$4 ,?is me?od gives a full treatm5t ( ea* topic & may be us$ to be/ advantage 9 connection ) reviews 9 junior classes & occasionally z a text-book or libr>y ex]cise 9 s5ior classes4 #b4 ,me?ods bas$ on ! treatm5t ( hi/orical facts3 ,comp>ative1 ,regressive1 ,conc5tric ,,! ,,comp>ative ,,me?od ,by ?is me?od a comp>ison is made betwe5 two ev5ts1 two biographies1 two reigns1 etc41 a v useful device :5 appli$ 9 connection ) o!r me?ods4 ,,! ,,regressive ,,me?od ,9 ?is me?od ! pupil is expect$ to beg9 ) ! pres5t & "w backw>d2 t is1 to beg9 ) in/itutions z !y are to-day & to "w back ?r\gh ! v>i\s /eps 9 _! progress to _! pres5t /ate4 ,?is me?od may be foll[$ mo/ pr(itably 9 advanc$ classes4 ,9 junior classes x is suffici5t to ref] to ?+s z !y exi/ to-day 9 ord] to ar\se curiosity reg>d+ ! facts ( hi/ory t are to be taught2 = example1 by ! use ( local mat]ial2 by a visit to "s place ( hi/orical int]e/ to prep>e = ! /ory ( :at has occurr$ !re 9 ! pa/4 7,see p4 #aab47 ,,! ,,conc5tric ,,me?od ,?is me?od1 :i* is mu* us$1 deals 9 ev] wid5+ circles ) ! same topic or ev5t2 = example1 a simple /ory ( ,*ampla9's life & voyages to ,canada is told to ,=m ,,ii2 ! same /ory is consid]$ aga9 9 ,=m ,,iii1 b ?is "t ! diff]5t voyages are not$1 ! results ( ea* inve/igat$1 & ! :ole summ>iz$ & memoriz$2 aga91 9 ,=m ,,iv1 b ?is "t by ! topical & comp>ative me?ods1 :]e comp>ison is made ( ! purposes & a*ievem5ts ( ! explor] ) ^? ( o!r explor]s--,jacques ,c>ti]1 ,la ,salle1 etc4 ,9 ?is ?ird discussion a full k ( ,*ampla9's "w is giv54 ,! excell5ce ( ?is "w lies 9 its review & repetition4 ,! old or =m] k is recall$ & us$ 9 ea* succe$+ discussion ( ! topic4 ,! pupils gr[ gradually into full] k4 #c4 ,me?ods bas$ on class proc$ure3 ,oral1 ,text-book ,,! ,,oral ,,me?od ,?is usually takes ! =m ( an oral pres5tation ( ! /ory or description ( ! ev5t by ! tea*]1 :ile ! pupils li/5 & aft]w>ds reproduce :at !y h he>d4 ,! n>ration ( ! /ory is accompani$ by pictures1 sket*es1 maps1 etc41 illu/rative ( p]sons1 places1 & facts m5tion$4 ,x may also take ! developm5t =m1 9 :i* a comb9ation ( n>rative & que/ion+ is employ$4 7,see pp4 #ff1 #ib47 ,! ,lecture me?od ( ,colleges & ,univ]sities is an advanc$ oral me?od4 ,9 ?is ! tea*] n>rates & describes ev5ts1 prop\nds que/ions1 & discusses & answ]s !m himself1 :ile ! pupils li/5 & dur+ ! lecture1 or aft]w>ds1 make notes ( :at has be5 he>d4 ,,! ,,text-,,book ,,me?od ,by ?is me?od ! tea*] assigns a lesson 9 ! book &1 aft] ! pupils h an opportunity to /udy x1 he asks que/ions conc]n+ ! facts le>n$4 ,! exclusive use ( ?is me?od results ord9>ily 9 dull1 lifeless tea*+1 & ) junior pupils w prev5t _! enjoy+1 or receiv+ mu* b5efit f1 ! /udy ( hi/ory4 ,!re are two reasons = ! too g5]al use ( x--fir/1 x is an easy me?od = ! tea*]1 & secondly1 x is easy = ! pupils to memorize facts = ! sole purpose ( pass+ exam9ations4 ,:ile ?is criticism is true :5 an exclusive use is made ( ! text-book1 ! same _c be said :5 ! text-book is us$ z an auxili>y to ! tea*]4 ,foll[+ ! oral pres5tation ( ! /ory1 ref]5ce may be made to ! book = ano!r v]sion or = a full] acc\nt &1 9 ,=m ,,iv1 topics may be assign$ & ! pupils direct$ to consult ! text-book = ! necess>y in=mation4 7,see pp4 #bf1 #bh47 ,! text-book %\ld be "o t does n %[ an abrupt *ange f ! /ory told by ! tea*]4 ,x %\ld n be m]ely a %ort outl9e ( ! important facts 9 hi/ory1 writt5 sep>ately & !n piec$ toge!r 9 *ronological ord]1 b %\ld be writt5 9 a readable =m by "o :o is able to di/+ui% ! important & necess>y f ! unimportant & burd5some4 ,x %\ld h %ort summ>ies at ! ends ( *apt]s or /ories ( ev5ts1 s t a grasp ( :at has be5 read may be easily obta9$4 ,x %\ld also h _m pictures1 illu/rations1 & maps1 to take ! place ( ! tea*]'s explanations 9 ! e>li] /age4 7,on ! use ( ! text-book1 see p4 #bi47 ,a ,,comb9ation ,,( ,,^! ,,me?ods ,g5]al ,description4--,z ea* ( ! above me?ods has its /rong & its weak po9ts1 we %\ld attempt to comb9e ! /rong po9ts into "o me?od1 v>i$ to keep pace ) ! m5tal developm5t ( ! pupil1 & ?us secure ! be/ results4 ,! g5]al outl9e ( su* a comb9ation may be giv5 z foll[s3 ,! oral /ory is to be us$ 9 ! junior classes1 ) developm5t problems pres5t$ :]e helpful2 9 ,=m ,,iii ! pupils %\ld be introduc$ to ! text-book 7,! ,hi/ory ,read] = ,=m ,,iii71 besides be+ taught by ! oral me?od2 9 ,=m ,,iv1 ! oral me?od is /ill to be ! *ief means us$ by ! tea*]1 :o w n[1 h[ev]1 pay m att5tion to ! arrangem5t ( ! matt] 7= example1 9 topical outl9es71 to accu/om ! pupils to grasp m ?or\ghly ! relations ( cause & effect 9 hi/ory4 ,! topics ( hi/ory w also be tak5 up m exhau/ively ?an 9 ! junior classes1 & ! pupils mu/ h m practice 9 acquir+ k f ! text-books4 ,,details ,,( ,,me?od ,,=ms ,i1 ,,ii ,9 ,=ms ,i & ,,ii1 ! pupils are accu/om$ to ! oral reproduction ( /ories told by ! tea*]4 ,9 ^! %\ld be includ$ a good _m hi/orical /ories1 su* z ^? sugge/$ 9 ! ,c\rse ( ,/udy 9 ,hi/ory = ^! ,=ms2 !y w s]ve ! usual purposes ( oral reproduction "w = composition & lit]ature1 & w be1 besides1 a good f\ndation = ! /udy ( hi/ory 9 ! high] =ms4 7,= objects ( ! ,/ory /age1 see p4 #af47 ,! oral pres5tation ( a /ory or description ( an ev5t requires a c]ta9 degree ( skill on ! "p ( a tea*]--skill 9 /ory-tell+1 9 grasp+ ! important p>ts ( ! /ory or description1 9 kn[+ :at details to omit z well z :at to n>rate1 9 expla9+ ! /ory 9 a way t w make x real to ! pupils1 9 prep>+ pictures & sket*es to illu/rate ! diff]5t p>ts1 & 9 que/ion+ s t ! m9ds ( ! pupils w be active z well z receptive4 ,! c>e & "t necess>y to secure ?is skill w be well repaid by ! int]e/ ar\s$ 9 hi/ory1 by ! appreciation ( ! ?\ghts ?us pres5t$1 & by ! la/+ impressions convey$4 ,simple1 cle> language %\ld be employ$1 n necess>ily small words1 b words ^: mean+ is made cle> by ! context or illu/ration4 7,= mat]ial = ^! ,=ms1 see ,bibliography1 ,c1 p4 #acb47 ,:5 ! :ole /ory is told1 revision may be made by hav+ ! pupils reproduce x aft] suitable que/ion+1 ei!r imm$iately or at "s future "t4 ,ex]cises 9 reproduction may also be giv51 = ei!r seat "w or class "w1 9 con/ructive or art "w2 = example1 aft] ! /ory ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 ! pupils may be ask$ to con/ruct a wigwam1 a canoe1 a b[ & arr[1 or to make pictures ( ,indians1 ( _! h\ses1 ( _! dress1 etc4 ,fur!r ex]cise 9 composition may also be giv5 by hav+ ! pupils write ! /ory4 ,to ea* pupil may be assign$ a special "p2 = example1 ! /ory ( ,moses may be divid$ ?us3 7#a7 ,z a babe2 7#b7 ,8 adoption by ! ,pr9cess2 7#c7 ,8 life at ! palace2 7#d7 ,8 flight to ,midian2 7#e7 ,! ,burn+ ,bu%1 etc4 ,! :ole /ory is !n reproduc$ by hav+ ^! p>ts read al\d 9 a read+ lesson4 ,,=m ,,iii ,! value ( ! oral "w done 9 ,=ms ,i & ,,ii w be realiz$ by ! tea*] :5 ! real /udy ( hi/ory is begun 9 ,=ms ,,iii & ,,iv4 ,! pupils h a lik+ = ! /ories ( hi/ory & h a k ( "s ( ! lead+ actors & ( ! *ief ev5ts 9 hi/ory t calls = m complete satisfaction4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods ( us+ ! ,hi/ory ,read] :i* is ! basis ( ! "w 9 ,=m ,,iii4 ,p]haps ! be/ me?od is to cont9ue to make oral tea*+ ! *ief feature1 & to add to t ! use by ! pupils1 9 v>i\s ways1 ( ! ,hi/ory ,read]4 ,= example1 ! tea*] w tell ! /ory ( ,jacques ,c>ti]1 foll[+ 9 ! ma9 ! n>rative z giv5 9 ! ,hi/ory ,read]4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 n to foll[ x too closely 9 ord] t1 :5 ! pupils come to read ! /ory 9 ! book = !mselves1 !y w f9d x an int]e/+ comb9ation ( ! famili> & ! new4 ,= t reason1 x w be necess>y = ! tea*] to h prep>$ ! /ory f a some:at diff]5t n>rative 9 "s o!r book at h] comm&4 ,9 ! tell+ ( ! /ory1 problems may be ask$1 if ?\ght advisable 7see p4 #cc72 a few head+s may be plac$ on ! black-bo>d = subsequ5t reproduction1 oral or writt51 by ! pupils2 all difficulties ( pronunciation1 especially ( prop] names1 %\ld be att5d$ to1 orally & on ! black-bo>d2 ! places m5tion$ %\ld be f\nd on ! map2 pictures & sket*es %\ld be us$2 & 9 fact1 e possible means tak5 to make ! n>rative m real to ! class4 7,see p4 #cd47 ,:5 ! oral tea*+ is f9i%$1 ! pupils may h ! books to read at _! desks1 & !y (t5 ask p]mission to take !m home4 ,!y may sometimes be requir$ to read al\d f ! ,hi/ory ,read] = supplem5t>y practice 9 oral read+4 ,reproduction by ! pupils1 ei!r imm$iately or 9 a subsequ5t lesson1 %\ld foll[4 ,tea*]s1 h[ev]1 are advis$ n to insi/ on too mu* writt5 reproduction1 z t might v easily ar\se a dislike = bo? hi/ory & writt5 composition4 ,proc$ure z outl9$ above has _h mo/ gratify+ results 9 ! way ( creat+ a lik+ =1 & an intellig5t int]e/ 91 ! /udy ( hi/ory4 ,o!r me?ods h also _h good results4 ,! tea*] may1 in/ead ( tell+ ! /ory1 read al\d f ! ,read] to pave ! way = ! read+ ( ! /ory by ! pupils !mselves4 ,difficulties1 ei!r 9 language or 9 mean+1 may be tak5 up z 9 a lit]ature lesson4 ,! pupils w at fir/ f9d ! read+ some:at difficult1 b ! int]e/ g5]at$ by ! tea*]'s read+ or oral n>rative w c>ry !m ?r\gh t /age till !y acquire a love = read+ hi/ory1 & h enl>g$ _! vocabul>y till read+ is no long] a burd5some task4 ,a ta/e ( ! m s]i\s /udy ( hi/ory may be giv5 by ask+ ! pupils a few n v difficult que/ions t !y c answ] only by comb9+ facts conta9$ 9 sev]al /ories4 ,= example1 9 ! *apt]s select$ = ,=m ,,iii1 ,junior ,grade1 ! answ] c be f\nd to a "q ab\t ! explor]s ( ,canada1 ! ord] ( _! visits1 & a comp>ison ( _! "w2 to ano!r "q ab\t ! expansion ( ,canada f ! little "p ( ,quebec fir/ visit$ to ! :ole ( ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x is unnecess>y1 p]haps1 to add t ! emphasis 9 ,=m ,,iii hi/ory %\ld be /ill v l>gely on biography1 s z to influ5ce ! =m+ ( moral ideals by concrete examples4 ,,=m ,,iv ,al?\gh ! pupils h n[ _h "s exp]i5ce 9 ! use ( ! ,hi/ory ,read]1 yet t is no reason :y oral tea*+ %\ld be disc>d$ 9 ,=m ,,iv hi/ory1 any m ?an 9 ari?metic or geography4 ,x is sc>cely a high e/imate to h ( hi/ory1 to ?9k t pupils ( ?is age c grasp ev5 ! simpl] l9es ( developm5t 9 hi/ory )\t guidance f ! tea*]4 ,h5ce x is necess>y = ! atta9m5t ( good results1 t _m ( ! lessons %\ld be taught orally be=e ! pupils are ask$ to /udy _! books4 ,! aim ( ! tea*+ %\ld be n m]ely ! acquisition ( facts1 b ! weld+ ( !m toge!r 9 a sequ5ce ( cause & effect1 & ! pupils at ?is /age c sc>cely be expect$ to d t = !mselves4 ,9 prep>+ = a lesson 9 ,=m ,,iv hi/ory1 ! tea*] %\ld analyse ! incid5ts ( ! p]iod to be /udi$1 %\ld see h[ c]ta9 causes h l$ to c]ta9 results1 & %\ld be sure en\gh ( ! facts to h little rec\rse to ! text-book :ile tea*+4 ,x does n look l fair play to expect a class to answ] que/ions t ! tea*] _c answ] )\t consult+ ! text4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is refre%+ to see ! int]e/ ar\s$ 9 a class by a tea*] :o ?9ks en\gh ( ! subject to be able to tea* x )\t con/ant ref]5ce to ! text-book4 ,!re=e1 let ! oral me?od be "h aga9 ! *ief dep5d5ce ( ! tea*]4 ,9 su* a lesson1 = example1 z t on ! ,int]colonial ,railway 7see p4 #hb7 no book is ne$$--only ! map & ! black-bo>d4 ,,tra9+ ,,9 ,,use ,,( ,,text-,,book ,h[ev]1 z ! pupils mu/ le>n1 = _! own pr(it 9 aft] ye>s1 h[ to read hi/ory )\t a guid+ h&1 !y ne$ tra9+ 9 ! use ( ! text-book4 ,! *ief l9e on :i* su* tra9+ may proce$ is to h ! pupils se>* out ! answ]s to def9ite que/ions4 ,any "o :o has se>*$ = mat]ial on a c]ta9 topic w appreciate ! good results t h come 9 ! way ( add$ k & increas$ int]e/4 ,! topics at fir/ %\ld be q simple1 gradually increas+ 9 bread?4 ,a few sugge/ions = su* "w are giv5 bel[2 !y may be call$ exam9ation que/ions to be answ]$ ) ! help ( ! text-book3 #a4 ,"n1 & tell some?+ ab\t1 f\r ( ! explor]s ( ,canada be=e #agei4 #b4 ,"n sev]al o!r explor]s ( ! ,new ,_w4 #c4 ,:i* explor] did ! mo/ = ,canada1 ,*ampla9 or ,la ,salle8 #d4 ,9 :at w>s did ! ,fr5* fight aga9/ ! ,iroquois8 ,) :at result8 #e4 ,:at explor]s ( ,nor? ,am]ica 7 try+ to f9d a way to ,*9a & ,india8 7,?is inve/igation by ! class may prec$e ! lesson on ! ,road to ,ca?ay4 ,see p4 #ib47 #f4 ,on :at did ,engli% k+s base _! claim to be ! ov]lords ( ,scotl&8 ,trace ! dispute d[n to ! ,union ( ! ,cr[ns 9 #afjc4 #g4 ,f9d out h[ ! slave trade 0 treat$ by ! ,engli%4 #h4 ,make a li/ ( ! e>ly newspap]s 9 ,canada4 ,did !y h mu* influ5ce on public op9ion8 #i4 ,comp>e ! /ruggles = ! control ( taxation 9 ,canada & 9 ! ,?irte5 ,colonies ( ,am]ica4 ,expla9 :y ^! 7 settl$ diff]5tly 9 ! two cases4 ,) que/ions su* z ^! = inve/igation1 no pupil w be likely to secure ! full facts2 ea* may /ate 9 ! next lesson :at he has f\nd1 & ! "w ( ea* w be supplem5t$ by t ( ! o!rs4 ,) succe$+ inve/igations x may be expect$ t ! pupils w be m eag] to get at all ! facts 9 ! text-book4 ,at any rate !y are le>n+ h[ to ga!r mat]ial f books--a v valuable tra9+1 no matt] h[ simple ! topic is4 ,:51 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( "w1 lessons f ! text-book are assign$1 ! tea*] %\ld indicate ! important po9ts1 %\ld sugge/ c]ta9 matt]s = discussion1 & %\ld note c]ta9 que/ions to be answ]$1 indicat+ precisely :]e ! in=mation may be obta9$4 ,9 ! recitation p]iod foll[+1 ! topic %\ld be fully discuss$1 ! pupils giv+ ! in=mation !y h secur$ f ! text-book1 & ! tea*] supplem5t+ ?is f 8 k ga9$ ?r\gh wid] read+4 ,dur+ ! discussion an outl9e %\ld be made on ! bo>d1 l>gely by ! sugge/ions ( ! pupils1 & kept 9 _! note-books = ref]5ce & review4 7,see p4 #ajj1 ,lesson on ! ,feudal ,sy/em47 ,,drill ,,& ,,review ,z has be5 already /at$ 7p4 #ae71 ! ,/ory /age is useful *iefly = ! purpose ( ar\s+ int]e/ & develop+ ! hi/orical s5se2 no drill or review is necess>y o!r ?an ! oral1 &1 9 ,=m ,,ii1 sometimes ! writt51 reproduction ( ! /ories4 ,! oral reproduction c be obta9$ 9 ,=m ,i by us+ ! /ories z topics 9 language lessons4 ,9 ! ,in=mation /age1 :]e we are conc]n$ m ) ! acquir+ ( facts1 & 9 ! ,reflective /age1 :]e we wi% to relate facts to ea* o!r accord+ to cause & effect1 drills & reviews are necess>y4 ,dur+ ! lesson1 a summ>y is plac$ on ! black-bo>d by ! tea*] or pupil1 z indicat$ above4 ,x is us$ z a guide 9 oral reproduction & may also be copi$ 9 special note-books & us$ = ref]5ce :5 prep>+ = review lessons4 ,! tea*] may look ov] ^! note-books occasionally4 ,!re is great diff]5ce ( op9ion on ! value ( note-tak+ by pupils1 b x may be said ( su* notes z ^? m5tion$ above t !y h ! advantage ( be+ l>gely ! pupil's own "w1 especially :5 ! pupils are ask$ to sugge/ ! head+s2 !y are a record ( :at has be5 decid$ 9 ! class to be important po9ts2 !y are arrang$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* ! subject has be5 treat$ 9 ! lesson1 & are 9 e way sup]ior to ! small note-books 9 hi/ory t are sometimes us$ z aids or helps4 ,= ! prop] tea*+ ( hi/ory1 ! latt] are h9drances r ?an helps1 because !y rob ! pupil ( ! pr(it ga9$ by do+ ! "w = himself4 ,notes obta9$ f books or dictat$ by ! tea*] are h>mful to ! "r _s ( /udy1 & create a di/a/e = ! subject4 ,special review lessons %\ld be tak5 :5 a s]ies ( lessons on "o topic1 or on a s]ies ( connect$ topics1 has be5 f9i%$4 ,at ! close ( ea* lesson1 ! facts le>n$ are fix$ m firmly 9 ! m9d by ! usual drill2 b !re mu/ be fur!r organization ( ! sev]al lessons by a prop] review1 s t hi/ory w n be a numb] ( unconnect$ ev5ts1 b w be se5 z an ord]ly developm5t4 ,?is may be accompli%$3 7#a7 by que/ion+ ! class f a po9t ( view diff]5t f t tak5 9 ! fir/ lessons1 7#b7 by oral or writt5 expansion ( a topical outl9e1 7#c7 by illu/rations ) maps or draw+s1 7#d7 by trac+ ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts backw>ds1 7#e7 by submitt+ "s new situation t w recall ! old k 9 a diff]5t way4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t x is n a m]e repetition t we seek1 b a re-view ( ! facts1 a new view t w prove ! p[] ( ! pupils to use ! k !y h ga9$4 ,?us ! lesson on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv] 7p4 #aab7 is a good review ( ! facts ( hi/ory sugge/$ by ! places m5tion$2 ! lesson on ! ,road to ,ca?ay 7p4 #ib7 may be consid]$ a review ( ! *ief explor]s ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,su* a review aims at see+ new relations1 at connect+ new k & old1 at giv+ fre%ness & vividness to k t may be some:at fad$1 at ?r[+ a numb] ( discrete facts into a bird's-eye view4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,problems ,,9 ,,tea*+ ,,hi/ory ,! developm5t1 or problem1 me?od is int5d$ to get ! pupils to d "s indep5d5t ?9k+1 in/ead ( m]ely absorb+ k f ! tea*]4 ,! plan is simply to set cle>ly be=e ! pupils ! conditions exi/+ at a c]ta9 mom5t 9 ! /ory s t !y may see = !mselves ! difficulties t ! p 9 ! /ory _h to ov]come4 ,! "q = ! class is3 ,:at w\ld y d 9 ! circum/ances8 ,let u take an example f ! life ( ,ulysses4 ,ulysses _h he>d ( ! ,sir5s1 :o sang s beautifully t any "o 9 a pass+ %ip :o he>d !m 0 impell$ to ?r[ himself ov]bo>d1 ) a frantic desire to swim to _! isl&4 ,naturally ! swimm]s 7 all dr[n$ 9 ! attempt4 ,ulysses desir$ to he> = himself ! wond]ful s++1 & to exp]i5ce1 p]haps1 its t]rible effect2 b he c]ta9ly did n want to run any risk ( dr[n+4 ,n[1 h[ did he accompli% 8 desire1 )\t pay+ ! p5alty8 ,aga91 9 ! /ory ( ,madele9e de ,v]*res1 ! n>rative may proce$ to ! po9t :]e ,madele9e has succe$$ 9 secur+ ! gates4 ,%e f9ds h]self 9 a weak =t ) few to help h]1 & outside a num]\s b& ( ,indians1 :o are kept at bay = a :ole week1 )\t ev5 attempt+ _! usual night attacks4 ,h[ did %e d x8 ,9 ! case ( ! ,u4,e4 ,loyali/s1 ! tea*] may n>rate ! /ory to ! po9t :]e ! ,loyali/s1 aft] ! treaty 0 sign$1 saw t !y mu/ remove to ,canada4 ,! class mu/ "k :]e ! ,loyali/ c5tres 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates 74 ,n[1 :at r\tes w\ld !y be likely to take 9 go+ to ,canada8 ,) ! map be=e !m1 ! class c usually tell ! next "p ( ! /ory !mselves4 ,ev5 if ! pupil is n able to give ! correct answ] to ! problem submitt$1 he is nev]!less hav+ an opportunity to ex]cise 8 judgm5t1 he c see :]e9 8 judgm5t diff]s f t ( ! p]sons conc]n$1 8 int]e/ 9 _! actions is increas$1 & ! :ole /ory w be m deeply impress$ on 8 memory4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,hi/ory ,,real ,! *ief difficulty 9 tea*+ hi/ory is to give a mean+ to ! language ( hi/ory4 ,mu* ( ! language is m]ely empty words4 ,! ,magna ,*>ta & ! ,cl]gy ,res]ves mean j ab\t z mu* to pupils z x does 9 algebra1 & ev5 :5 !y give a def9ition or description ( ^! t]ms1 x usually am\nts to say+ t x equals y2 ! def9ition is j z vague z ! orig9al t]ms4 ,! problem is to give ! language m mean+1 to ensure t ! words give m5tal pictures & ideas2 9 %ort1 to turn ! ab/ract into concrete facts4 ,*ildr5 c make _! own only su* k z _! exp]i5ce helps !m to int]pret4 ,_! int]e/s are 9 ! pres5t1 & ! pa/ appeals to !m j s f> z !y c see 9 x _! own activities1 ?\ghts1 & feel+s4 ,! great aim ( ! tea*]1 !n1 %\ld be to help pupils to translate ! facts ( hi/ory into t]ms ( _! own exp]i5ces2 unless t is done1 !y are really n le>n+ any?+4 ,"s ( ! ways 9 :i* ?is may be attempt$ are outl9$ bel[4 #a4 ,9 ! junior classes :]e ! *ildr5 are int5sely int]e/$ 9 /ories1 ! /ress %\ld be put on giv+ !m int]e/+ p]sonal details ab\t ! fam\s p 9 hi/ory1 details t !y c und]/& ) _! limit$ exp]i5ces ( life1 & t w appeal to _! emotions4 ,^! /ories %\ld be told to ! pupils ) su* vividness & animation t !y w /ruggle ) ,columbus aga9/ a mut9\s crew1 w help ! e>ly explor]s to blaze _! way ?r\gh ! d5se =e/s1 w toil ) ! pione]s 9 mak+ homes = !mselves 9 ,canada1 & w suff] ) ! mission>ies 9 _! h>d%ips & p]ils4 ,= ^! pupils ! oral me?od is ! only "o to use1 = !re is no?+ t appeals to *ildr5 m quickly & ) m reality ?an :at !y he> f ! tea*]4 ,! oral me?od %\ld f9d a l>ge place 9 ! tea*+ ( hi/ory 9 all ! ,=ms4 ,x may be add$ t ! tea*]s :o use ?is me?od w f9d hi/ory become a m real & int]e/+ /udy to !mselves4 #b4 ,:at ! pupils he> %\ld be re9=c$ by giv+ !m some?+ to see4 ,:atev] pictures are obta9able 7see pp4 #de1 #abg7 %\ld be us$ freely at all /ages1 = ! visual images ( *ildr5 are a p[]ful aid to _! und]/&+2 x is = ?is reason t books = *ildr5 are n[ s fully illu/rat$1 & ! same pr9ciple %\ld be appli$ to ! tea*+ ( hi/ory4 ,z soon z ! *ildr5 are ready = x1 ref]5ce %\ld be made to maps to illu/rate hi/orical facts4 7,see p4 #abg47 ,!y %\ld see on ! map ! c\rse t ,columbus took across ! unkn[n sea2 ,*ampla9's explorations become real :5 !y are trac$ on ! map & ! *ildr5 h a concrete picture to c>ry away ) !m4 ,9 fact ! subjects ( geography1 art1 & con/ructive "w1 treat$ "u ! head ( correlat$ subjects1 are us$ 9 hi/ory ) ! aim ( mak+ x real ?r\gh ! eye4 7,see pp4 #dj1 #dd1 #de47 #c4 ,a great] difficulty pres5ts itself :5 we h to deal1 9 ! high] ,=ms1 ) topics l ! ,magna ,*>ta & ! ,cl]gy ,res]ves1 & x is a difficulty t w te/ to ! full ! res\rcefulness ( ! tea*]4 ,h[ c ! prec$+ conditions & ! t]ms ( ! ,magna ,*>ta be br\ght home to a class8 ,h[ c *ildr5 be br\ght to appreciate ! difficulties connect$ ) ! "q ( ,cl]gy ,res]ves8 ,a few words ab\t ! latt] may sugge/ a means4 ,two aspects ( ! ,cl]gy ,res]ves "q /& out prom95tly1 ! religi\s & ! economic4 ,! religi\s aspect w be ! mo/ difficult = ,ont>io *ildr51 = !y h no imm$iate k ( :at a ,/ate ,*ur* is--! po9t on :i* ! religi\s dispute turn$2 nor d !y "k en\gh ab\t ! gov]nm5t ( ! religi\s bodies to :i* !y belong to make ! matt] cle> to !m4 ,a full und]/&+ mu/ come lat]4 ,! be/ po9t ( approa* seems to be to give ! class "s idea ( ! numb] ( settl]s belong+ to ! *ur*es ( ,engl& & ( ,scotl&1 :i* claim$ ! "r to ! l&s res]v$1 & comp>e ) ?is ! numb] ( all o!r ,prote/ant bodies t claim$ to %>e 9 !m2 = ?is diff]5ce 9 numb]s 0 "o ( ! *ief causes ( bitt]ness4 ,an ari?metical appeal is concrete4 ,!re 0 also ! economic aspect4 ,! ,cl]gy ,res]ves 7 "o sev5? ( ! l& 9 ea* t[n%ip4 ,ano!r sev5? 0 )held f free settlem5t z ,cr[n ,l&s4 ,n[ 9 "s t[n%ips !re 7 ab\t #ej1jjj acres4 ,let ! class f9d out h[ _m acres 7 ?us kept f settlem5t4 ,tell !m t ?is l& 0 n all 9 "o block1 b di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! t[n%ip4 ,!y c n[ be ask$ to consid] h[ ?is w\ld int]f]e ) close settlem5t & !re=e ) ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools1 *ur*es1 po/-(fices1 mills1 & /ores4 ,a diagram ( a t[n%ip w\ld be ( great help4 ,^! two po9ts w help !m to see :y an e>ly & fair settlem5t ( ! vex$ "q 0 desir$4 ,:]ev] possible1 pres5t problems = !m to solve by _! own exp]i5ces4 #d4 ,! read+ to ! class ( acc\nts ( ev5ts writt5 by p liv+ at ! "t w give an atmosph]e ( reality & human int]e/ to ! ev5ts4 ,= example1 a /ory ( e>ly pione] days told by a pione] gives a p]sonal elem5t 7see ,pione] ,days1 ,k5n$y72 a lett] by ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots1 to ,elizabe? 7see p4 #adc71 w make bo? ( ^! que5s real liv+ p1 n m]e names 9 hi/ory4 7,see ,/udies 9 ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory1 ,keat+e1 p4 #ig1 also selections f ,! ,s\rces ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 ,colby1 p4 #afc47 ,n mu* ( ?is may be possible1 b m use might easily be made ( su* mat]ials1 especially ) ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,ont>io4 #e4 ,! use ( local hi/ory & ( curr5t ev5ts w be treat$ else:]e4 7,see pp4 #di1 #ea47 #f4 ,:5 possible1 let ! pupils =m _! idea ( an hi/orical p]son f 8 actions & words j z we =m our e/imate ( ea* o!r1 in/ead ( hav+ !m memorize m]e summ>ies ( 8 "* be=e !y "k 8 actions4 #g4 ,g5ealogical & *ronological tables1 writt5 on ! black-bo>d & discuss$ ) ! class1 w be ( s]vice 9 und]/&+ c]ta9 p]iods1 su* z ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses1 & 9 help+ to =m ! "t-s5se ( pupils4 7,see ,*ronological ,*>t1 p4 #abh47 #h4 ,*ief dep5d5ce mu/ be plac$1 h[ev]1 on increas+ ! pupil's k ( pres5t-day conditions 9 agriculture1 comm]ce1 transportation1 manufactures1 9 fact1 9 all social1 economic1 & political conditions1 9 ord] to enable him by comp>ison to realize e>li] me?ods & ways ( liv+4 ,! pupil :o und]/&s be/ h[ we d ?+s to-day c und]/& be/ ! /ate ( affairs :5 p _h to dep5d on primitive me?ods1 & c realize h[ !y w\ld /rive to make ?+s bett]4 ,,on ,,memoriz+ ,,hi/ory ,hi/ory is usually call$ a memory subject1 & is accord+ly (t5 taught z a m]e memoriz+ ( facts1 names1 & dates4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t ( ! *ief pr9ciples ( memoriz+ w1 x is hop$1 put m]e v]bal repetition 9 its prop] place4 ,int]e/ is ! *ief condition = tea*+ hi/ory 9 ! public s*ools1 9 ord] t ! pupils may acquire a lik+ = ! subject t w tempt !m to pursue _! read+ 9 aft] ye>s2 )\t t int]e/1 ! small am\nt ( hi/orical fact !y c accumulate 9 _! s*ool-days w be ( little real value to !m :5 !y become full-fl$g$ citiz5s4 ,9 fact1 ?r\gh ?is emphasis on int]e/ in/ead ( v]bal repetition1 ! pupils are likely to obta9 a bett] k ( hi/ory &1 at ! same "t1 w h a *ance to develop1 9 no slight degree1 _! p[]s ( judgm5t4 #a4 ,memory dep5ds on att5tion2 we mu/ obs]ve att5tively :at we wi% to rememb]4 ,9 hi/ory1 att5tion may be secur$ by mak+ ! lessons int]e/+ ?r\gh ! skill ( ! tea*] 9 pres5t+ ! matt] vividly to ! pupils2 also by us+ means to make hi/ory real in/ead ( hav+ x a m]e mass ( mean+less words4 7,see p4 #cd47 #b4 ,facts t we wi% to rememb] %\ld be gr\p$1 or /udi$ 9 relation to o!r facts ) :i* !y are vitally connect$4 ,! facts ( hi/ory %\ld be pres5t$ to ! class 9 _! relation ( cause & effect1 or associat$ ) "s l>g] c5tre ( int]e/2 9 o!r words1 pupils mu/ und]/&1 9 "s degree1 :at !y are ask$ to rememb]4 7,see pp4 #ib1 #ig47 #c4 ,if we increase ! numb] ( connections = facts1 we are m likely to rememb] !m4 ,x is l>gely = ?is reason t hi/ory %\ld be taught ) correlat$ subjects1 su* z geography1 lit]ature1 sci5ce 7inv5tions71 etc4 ,= example1 ! /ory ( ! ,spani% ,armada is rememb]$ bett] if we h read ,we/w>d ,ho6 & ! /ory ( ! ,r5aissance is made cle>] & is !re=e rememb]$ bett]1 if we connect ) x ! inv5tions ( pr9t+1 gunp[d]1 & ! m>9]'s compass4 7,see p4 #aba47 #d4 ,repetition is necess>y to memory4 ,facts or gr\ps ( facts mu/ be repeat$ to be rememb]$4 ,?is is ! purpose ( ! drills :i* are necess>y to good tea*+1 b are only a "p ( x4 ,reviews are n to be consid]$ m]ely z repetitions1 b %\ld be treat$ m z aids to bett] und]/&+4 7,see p4 #ca47 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,correlation ,,( ,,subjects ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,geography ,^! subjects are v intimately relat$1 & ea* %\ld be us$ 9 tea*+ ! o!r4 ,geography1 :i* is (t5 call$ "o ( ! eyes ( hi/ory1 may be us$ 9 ! tea*+ ( ?is subject 9 two ways4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 an acc\nt ( an hi/orical ev5t lacks1 to a c]ta9 degree1 reality 9 ! m9ds ( ! pupils if !y d n "k some?+ ( ! place :]e x occurr$4 ,accord+ly1 9 /udy+ or tea*+ hi/ory1 ref]5ce %\ld be con/antly made to ! map to give a local sett+ to ! /ory4 ,! voyage ( ,columbus1 ! op]ations ( ,wolfe1 ! com+ ( ! ,loyali/s1 are made m real if !y are trac$ out on ! map1 & are !re=e bett] und]/ood & rememb]$ by ! pupils4 ,= ?is purpose1 x is bett]1 9 mo/ cases1 to use an outl9e map1 :i* may be sket*$ on ! black-bo>d by ! tea*] or ! pupils1 because on ! ord9>y wall maps !re are s _m names & s mu* detail t ! att5tion may be di/ract$4 ,_m ( ! details on ! map are1 moreov]1 m mod]n ?an ! ev5ts t are to be illu/rat$1 s t wrong impressions may be giv54 ,9 ! second place1 x mu/ be kept con/antly 9 m9d t _m ev5ts 9 hi/ory h be5 influ5c$ by ! physical features ( a c\ntry4 ,= example3 ! lack ( a natural b\nd>y betwe5 ,france & ,g]many has l$ to _m disputes betwe5 ^! c\ntries2 ! fact ( ,great ,brita9 be+ an isl& acc\nts = _m ?+s 9 h] hi/ory 7see p4 #ajh72 ! physical features ( ,quebec & ,gibralt> expla9 ! importance ( ^! places2 & ! wat]ways ( ,canada acc\nt = ! progress ( e>ly settlem5t4 ,! climate & soil ( a c\ntry affect its hi/ory2 treaties are (t5 bas$ on physical conditions1 & trade r\tes det]m9$ by !m2 a nation's comm]ce & weal? dep5d l>gely on ! "* ( its natural res\rces4 ,"s easy problems may be giv5 to ! s5ior classes to be answ]$ by ref]5ce to physical conditions3 ,:y are ,london1 ,new ,york1 ,*icago1 ,montreal1 & ,halifax1 su* important c5tres8 ,:y are c]ta9 places fitt$ = c]ta9 manufactures8 ,w ,w9nipeg become a m important city ?an ,montreal8 ,w ,vanc\v] out/rip ,san ,francisco8 ,:at is a possible future = ! ,we/]n ,prov9ces ( ,alb]ta & ,saskat*ewan8 ,:at might h be5 ! /ate ( ,nor? ,am]ica to-day1 if ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s _h run along ! ,ea/ coa/1 in/ead ( along ! ,we/8 ,on ! o!r h&1 hi/ory contributes a human int]e/ to geography2 ! places ( greate/ int]e/ are (t5 ^? associat$ ) great ev5ts 9 hi/ory--,a!ns1 ,m\nt ,s9ai1 ,wat]loo1 ,que5/on ,heights4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,lit]ature ,lit]ature gives life & human int]e/ to bo? hi/ory & geography4 ,by means ( lit]ature we are able to get a bett] notion ( ! ideals & motives ( a p ?an ! m]e recital ( ! facts ( _! hi/ory c give4 ,9 ?is connection we naturally ?9k ( ,hom]'s ,iliad & its influ5ce on ! ,greeks4 ,x 0 _! /oreh\se ( hi/ory1 morals1 religion1 /hetics1 & rules = ! practical guidance ( life1 z well z _! lit]>y ma/]piece4 ,x is (t5 easy to int]e/ pupils 9 a p]iod ( hi/ory by read+ or quot+ to !m "s ballad1 poem1 or prose n>rative t col\rs ! hi/orical facts ) ! elem5t ( human feel+4 ,macaulay's ,horatius gives a deep] impression ( ,roman patriotism ?an almo/ any?+ 9 pure hi/ory c2 ! v>i\s aspects ( ! ,crusades are vividly %[n by ,w4 ,/e>ns ,davis 9 ,god ,wills ,x1 a /ory ( ! fir/ ,crusade4 ,9 fact1 if /irr+ ev5ts c be l9k$ 9 ! *ild's m9d ) /irr+ v]se1 if ! /ruggles & progress ( nations c be pres5t$ 9 a vigor\s n>rative t e*oes ! ?\ghts1 feel+s1 & int]e/s ( ! "t1 we make an appeal to ! int]e/ ( ! pupil t is almo/ irresi/ible4 ,! objection is sometimes urg$ aga9/ ! read+ ( /&>d hi/orical tales & novels1 t ^! are some:at exagg]at$ 9 s5tim5t & inaccurate 9 facts4 ,ev5 if ?is be s1 x may be said t !y give 9 outl9e a fair picture ( ! p]iod describ$1 t ! int]e/ 9 hi/ory ar\s$ by su* tales begets a lik+ = hi/ory itself1 & t su* exagg]ations & inaccuracies are soon correct$ :5 ! pupil beg9s to read hi/ory4 ,! c\rse ( hi/ory has be5 modifi$ by songs1 ballads1 & /ories4 ,! influ5ce on ! national _s & ideals ( songs su* z ,rule ,britannia & ,! ,m>seillaise1 ( /ories su* z ,uncle ,tom's ,cab91 ( novels su* z ^? ( ,dick5s & ( ,*>les ,reade is incalculable4 ,a few poems & prose compositions are giv5 "h z sugge/ions2 a full] li/ may be f\nd 9 ,all5's ,read]'s ,guide to ,engli% ,hi/ory1 ,g9n ,co41 #cj;c4 ,poems3 ,boadicea1 ,c[p]2 ,recessional1 ,kipl+2 ,ed9burgh ,aft] ,flodd51 ,ayt\n2 ,h&s ,all ,r\nd1 ,t5nyson2 ,columbus1 ,joaqu9 ,mill]2 ,wat]loo1 ,byron2 ,! ,armada1 ,macaulay2 ,! ,rev5ge1 ,t5nyson2 ,! ,*>ge ( ! ,light ,brigade1 ,t5nyson4 ,prose3 ,unit$ ,empire ,loyali/s1 ,rob]ts' ,hi/ory ( ,canada1 ,*ap4 ,,xv2 ,dep>ture & ,dea? ( ,nelson1 ,s\!y2 ,montcalm & ,wolfe1 ,p>kman2 ,! ,crusad] & ! ,s>ac51 9 ,scott's ,! ,talisman2 ,! ,h]o9e ( ,ca/le ,dang]\s1 9 ,/ories ( ,new ,france1 ,ma*> & ,m>quis2 ,adam ,daulac1 9 ,m>tyrs ( ,new ,france1 ,h]r+ton4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,sci5ce ,! connection betwe5 hi/ory & sci5ce is v close1 because x 0 only aft] ! inv5tion ( writ+ t hi/ory1 ! record ( human progress1 became possible4 ,fur!r1 ! rem>kable way 9 :i* ! *ief /ages 9 ! developm5t ( civilization co9cide ) c]ta9 inv5tions & discov]ies makes ! /udy ( hi/ory v incomplete )\t a k ( ! inv5tions & discov]ies1 inasmu* z ^! op5$ a road = human developm5t4 7,see p4 #aai47 ,to make ?is evid5t1 x is en\gh m]ely to m5tion a few comp>atively rec5t inv5tions1 su* z ! m>9]'s compass1 ! pr9t+-press1 gunp[d]1 ! /eam-eng9e1 ! p[]-loom1 ! cotton-g91 & ! telegraph4 ,to ! introduction ( ! m>9]'s compass 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 by :i* sailors 7 made indep5d5t ( l&m>ks & ! />s1 & c\ld !re=e g m boldly into ! op5 sea1 we owe ! explorations ( ! fifte5? c5tury t culm9at$ 9 ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 & ! way to ,india by ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,! introduction ( gunp[d] 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury gave ! l[] & middle classes a weapon t made !m equal 9 p[] ) ! nobles & br\ght ab\t ! d[nfall ( ! feudal sy/em & ! rise ( mod]n democracies4 ,! pr9t+-press gave to ! _w ! le>n+ ( ! pa/ & revolutioniz$ social conditions4 ,! inv5tion ( high explosives has made possible _m ( ! great eng9e]+ works ( to-day4 ,! inv5tions t h made transportation & communication s easy & rapid h already done a great deal to br+ nations to a bett] und]/&+ ( ea* o!r & ?us to promote ! peace ( ! _w4 ,discov]ies 9 m$ic9e alone h _h an incalculable influ5ce on ! heal? & prosp]ity ( society4 ,9 fact1 ! /udy ( hi/ory & an und]/&+ ( mod]n social & indu/rial conditions are impossible )\t a k ( sci5tific inv5tions & discov]ies4 7,see pp4 #hg1 #ib47 ,*ildr5 naturally take an int]e/ 9 :at individuals h done1 & x is easy to int]e/ !m 9 ! "w ( m5 su* z ,watt1 ,/eph5son1 ,:itney1 ,fulton1 ,morse1 ,edison1 ,m>coni1 & _! fell[s4 ,! biographies ( fam\s inv5tors %\ld !re=e be giv51 bo? z a record ( :at !y did & z an inspiration to l a*ievem5ts4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,con/ructive ,,"w ,con/ructive "w may be us$ to advantage 9 hi/ory & civics4 ,x gives concrete expression to "s facts ( hi/ory ?r\gh ! con/ruction by ! pupils ( objects m5tion$ !re94 ,9 /udy+ ,indian life1 ! class may make 9 pap]1 wood1 etc41 wigwams1 b[s & arr[s1 /ockades1 etc42 9 connection ) pione] life1 !y may make "s ( ! build+s & implem5ts us$ by ! pione]s1--log h\ses1 sp9n+-:eels1 hom9y blocks1 ,r$ ,riv] c>ts1 etc42 9 /udy+ campaigns1 !y may make models 9 pla/ic9e or clay1 or on ! s& table1 ( =ts1 battle-fields1 etc41 = example--! ,pla9s ( ,abraham1 ,que5/on ,heights1 ,*ateauguay1 ,plym\? ,h>b\r2 ! ,union ,jack may be cut out & col\r$4 7,see p4 #fh47 ,9 ?is way ! activities ( ! *ild may be made ( practical use4 ,on ! indu/rial & social side ( hi/ory1 :i* is be+ m & m emphasiz$1 x is ( great value to ! *ild to become acqua9t$1 ev5 ?\gh on a small scale & ?r\gh ! simple/ implem5ts & ma*9es1 ) ! con/ruction ( ma*9]y & modes ( manufacture4 ,= a lesson on ! ,indu/rial ,revolution 9 ,engl&1 = example1 x w give pupils a bett] und]/&+ ( ! *anges1 if !y "k some?+1 ?r\gh _! own activities1 ( ! way ( mak+ clo?4 ,= sugge/ions on con/ructive "w1 see ! ,manual on ,manual ,tra9+3 ,p4 #bb3 ,sugge/ions = ! v>i\s seasons & days4 ,p4 #bf3 ,on ! use ( ! s& table4 ,p4 #ee3 ,on collect+ & pres]v+ pictures4 ,p4 #eh3 ,on relief maps & geographical =mations4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,art ,art assi/s hi/ory 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 pictures may be us$ to illu/rate ev5ts 9 hi/ory & make !m real4 ,x is (t5 difficult = *ildr5 to =m a def9ite m5tal image ( hi/orical sc5es m]ely f ! words ( ! tea*] or ( ! text-book1 because _! exp]i5ces are limit$ & ! p[] to comb9e ^! prop]ly is lack+4 ,?is is recogniz$ n[ 9 ! _m text-books :i* are freely illu/rat$4 ,pictures ( p]sons fam\s 9 hi/ory are also ( value1 9 t !y make ^! p]sons m real to ! pupils4 ,mat]ials = class use may be collect$ by ! tea*] & pupils1--engrav+s1 pr9ts1 cuts f newspap]s & magaz9es ( fam\s p1 build+s1 cities1 monum5ts1 ev5ts2 = example1 ! ,l&+ ( ,columbus1 ! ,com+ ( ! ,loyali/s1 ! ,fa!rs ( ,conf$]ation1 ! ,l&+ ( ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs1 an ,old-,"t ,trad+ ,po/1 ! ,dea? ( ,brock4 ,a good idea is to h a class scrap-book1 to be fill$ ) suitable contributions f ! class4 ,! tea*] w f9d a private scrap-book exce$+ly useful4 ,_m f9e pictures are giv5 9 ,! ,highroads ( ,hi/ory1 & ,! ,/ory ( ! ,briti% ,p = ,=m ,,iii4 ,x may be add$ t ^! pictures %\ld be supplem5t$ freely by descriptions & n>ratives giv5 by ! tea*]4 7,see ,visual ,aids 9 ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory47 ,second1 ! pupils may be ask$ to illu/rate1 by draw+s & sket* maps1 hi/oric places1 r\tes ( armies & ( explor]s1 ! j\rneys ( settl]s1 etc4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,composition ,hi/ory1 no less ?an o!r subjects ( /udy1 ne$s to be express$ by ! pupils1 if x is to make !m m effici5t4 ,"s ( ! usual modes ( expression are giv5 above 9 connection ) con/ructive "w & art4 ,! *ief mode ( expression1 h[ev]1 = hi/ory is ?r\gh composition1 bo? oral & writt54 ,9 ! ,junior ,=ms ! /ories %\ld be reproduc$ orally 7see ,details ( ,me?od = ,=ms ,i & ,,ii1 p4 #be71 ei!r by pure n>ration or by dramatization2 ! pupils relate 9 _! own language :at !y h le>n$1 or are all[$ to dramatize ! /ory4 ,9 ! dramatization1 ! pupils %\ld be giv5 a good deal ( fre$om 9 con/ruct+ ! conv]sation1 once !y get to "k :at is want$1 ! only re/riction be+ t no pupil %all be all[$ to take "p :o does n "k ! /ory ?or\ghly4 ,incid5ts su* z ,h>old tak+ ! oa? to help ,william ( ,norm&y ga9 ! cr[n ( ,engl&1 ,joseph be+ sold into ,egypt1 ! ,greeks us+ ! wood5 horse to capture ,troy1 are v easily dramatiz$4 ,9 ! ,s5ior ,=ms ! black-bo>d outl9e may be us$ z ! basis ( writt5 or oral reproduction4 ,! subject ( composition w itself be less objectionable by reason ( ^! ex]cises1 z ! pupils are ask$ to reproduce ! hi/ory z mat]ial valuable & int]e/+ 9 itself1 n m]ely z a means ( %[+ _! skill 9 expression4 ,moreov]1 9 ! /udy ( hi/ory1 ! pupil he>s or reads ! compositions ( o!rs1 & unconsci\sly ga9s1 by ^! examples1 mu* 9 vocabul>y & 9 p[] ( expression4 ,9 fact1 mu* ( ! culture value ( hi/ory dep5ds on ! tra9+ x af=ds 9 composition1 &1 by intimately connect+ ^! two subjects1 a d\ble advantage is ga9$--! ability to compreh5d hi/orical mat]ial1 & practice 9 effective expression4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,*ronology ,,or ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,dates ,geography is "o ( ! eyes ( hi/ory2 *ronology1 or ! arrang+ ( ev5ts accord+ to _! dates1 is ! o!r4 ,?is sugge/s t dates are to be us$ m]ely z a help 9 see+ ev5ts 9 hi/ory 9 _! prop] ord]1 s t _! relations to o!r ev5ts may be bett] und]/ood4 ,:5 ^! relations are se51 ! dates lose mu* ( _! value4 ,= example1 let u consid] ! foll[+ dates3 #agfc1 #aggd1 #agge1 #aghc1 #agia4 ,! %ort int]val betwe5 #agfc1 :5 ,great ,brita9 f9ally assum$ control ( ,canada by treaty1 & #aggd1 :5 ! ,quebec ,act 0 pass$1 helps to make cle> ! reason = ! ,fr5* citiz5s receiv+ s _m concessions4 ,!y outnumb]$ ! ,engli% s mu* t ^! concessions 7 deem$ necess>y to hold _! allegiance to ! ,cr[n 9 face ( ! ef=ts made by ! discont5t$ ,new ,engl& colonies to get _! support 9 ! com+ revolution aga9/ ,great ,brita94 ,! success ( ! ,act 0 %[n 9 #agge1 :5 ! invasion by ! revolutioni/s fail$4 ,! w> ( ! ,revolution 0 end$ by treaty 9 #aghc1 & ,canada receiv$ z settl]s1 pr9cipally 9 ,upp] ,canada1 ! ,unit$ ,empire ,loyali/s1 ^: ideas ( gov]nm5t 7 s diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,l[] ,canadians t ! sep>ation ( ,upp] & ,l[] ,canada by ! ,con/itutional ,act ( #agia became necess>y4 ,^! dates1 s close toge!r1 emphasize ! rapidity ) :i* ev5ts mov$ 9 t p]iod1 z well z ! sequ5ce ( cause & effect4 ,we ?9k also ( ! dates ( ,c>ti]'s voyages1 #aecd1 #aece1 & #aeda1 m]ely to raise ! "q z to :y s mu* "t elaps$ betwe5 ! second & ?ird voyages4 ,:5 ^! po9ts are prop]ly se51 ! ev5ts are kept 9 place by _! relation ( cause & effect1 & ! dates lose _! value4 ,moreov]1 ! relations ?us discov]$ w d mo/ t[>d fix+ ^! dates 9 ! memory4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood1 !re=e1 t dates are only a means to an end1 n an end 9 !mselves4 ,x is important also to "k ! dates ( c]ta9 ev5ts :5 we are /udy+ ! hi/ory ( sev]al c\ntries1 9 ord] t we may consid] toge!r ^? ev5ts t are contempor>y4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 "s dates t %\ld be rememb]$ because ( ! importance ( ! ev5ts connect$ ) !m1 = example3 #ajff1 #abae1 #adib1 #afjc1 #afhh1 #agei1 #aggf1 #aghi1 #ahda1 #ahfg4 ,9 ! ,junior ,=ms1 because ! pupils are /ill lack+ 9 ! hi/orical s5se1 little emphasis ne$ be put on ! giv+ ( dates4 ,a few ( ! mo/ important may be giv5 9 ,=m ,,ii1 b x is v que/ionable if !y h any significance to ! pupils at ?is e>ly /age4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,special ,,topics ,,curr5t ,,ev5ts ,! /udy ( hi/ory %\ld n end ) :at is conta9$ 9 text-books1 = ! mak+ ( hi/ory nev] ceases4 ,! /udy ( curr5t ev5ts w be f\nd to be a v valuable elem5t 9 hi/ory tea*+4 ,tea*]s & pupils :o are int]e/$ 9 ! ev5ts ( to-day are mu* m likely to be int]e/$ 9 ! ev5ts ( ! pa/4 ,a k ( curr5t ev5ts w ar\se curiosity 9 :at l$ up to !m1 w sugge/ a motive = /udy+ ! pa/1 & w (t5 supply concrete examples = bo? hi/ory & civics4 ,9 fact1 ! tea*+ ( civics may be bas$ almo/ entirely on curr5t ev5ts4 7,see ,civics1 p4 #eb et seq47 ,! influ5ce ( a k ( curr5t ev5ts on ! /udy ( hi/ory is v pla9ly se5 to-day 9 ! e>ne/ & widespread ef=t to discov] ! causes ( ! w> t is deva/at+ ,europe at ! pres5t "t4 ,hi/ory becomes real :5 pupils und]/& t :at is happ5+ n[ has its roots 9 ! pa/ &1 at ! same "t1 is hi/ory 9 ! mak+4 ,= example1 ! pres5t w> w c]ta9ly int5sify our int]e/ 9 ! great movem5t to prev5t w> by means ( _w-wide arbitration ( disputes betwe5 nations1 or by any o!r means4 ,! value ( ?is phase ( hi/ory tea*+ dep5ds v l>gely on ! int]e/ tak5 9 x by ! tea*] & on ! "w t ! pupils c be induc$ to d = !mselves4 ,! tea*] talks to ! pupils ab\t "s important curr5t ev5t 9 an int]e/+ way4 ,!n ! pupils are enc\rag$ to add to :at he has said by relat+ :at !y h he>d1 or h read 9 ! newspap]s4 ,aft] a few lessons ! *ief difficulty is to make a suitable selection ( topics to be discuss$ 9 class4 ,^? ( national importance1 if )9 ! scope ( ! ,=m "w1 w h prom95ce1 & ! pupils w be giv5 h9ts z to articles ab\t ^! topics 9 pap]s1 magaz9es1 & books4 ,x is obvi\s t topics likely to ar\se religi\s1 political1 or o!r p>ty feel+1 %\ld be avoid$4 ,= actual s*ool-room practice ! foll[+ s*eme has be5 us$ successfully 9 ,=m ,,iii3 ,,curr5t ,,ev5ts 7#aj ,,m9utes ,,daily7 ,! tea*] has sugge/$ ! k9ds ( ev5ts t are wor?y ( discussion1 & ! pupils come to class prep>$ to tell :at !y h read 9 ! pap]s ab\t "s ( ^!4 ,! tea*] aids !m to give fit expression to _! in=mation1 & ! pupil :o has be5 *os5 z editor writes a summ>y ( ! lesson on ! black-bo>d1 & lat]1 on a %eet ( pap]4 ,ord9>ily1 ! editors %\ld be *os5 f ^? :o write & spell well4 ,:]e ! subject-matt] l5ds itself to su* treatm5t1 ^! summ>ies may be plac$ 9 two columns--"o1 ! ,girls' ,news ,column2 ! o!r1 ! ,boys' ,news ,column4 ,! summ>ies on ! %eets ( pap] may be arrang$ 9 ord] = a week or a mon? & be kn[n z ,! ,s*ool ,review4 ,su* a lesson includes hi/ory1 & oral & writt5 composition4 ,! foll[+ items ( news 7 ^? discuss$ 9 a ,=m ,,iii room at ! end ( ! week1 :5 "s "t is tak5 to talk ov] ! ev5ts ( ! week3 ,,feb4 #e,,?1 #aiae ,rescue ( ! crew ( ! ,japanese cruis] ,asama4 ,rescue "w 9 ! e>?quake 9 ,italy4 ,wireless message fru/rates a ,g]man plot to bl[ up a ,fr5* /eam]4 ,fire 9 a ,new ,york factory--rescue ( ! inmates4 ,inhuman treatm5t ( ,belgian wom5 & *ildr54 ,briti% (fic] praises ! enemy4 ,! ,au/rians are defeat$ by ! ,mont5egr9s4 ,canadians w\nd$ 9 ,france4 ,importance ( discipl9e & accurate %oot+ = ,canadian troops4 ,g]many proclaims a w> zone ar\nd ,brita94 ,two ,new ,york boy h]oes ( a fire4 ,ts> hon\rs a girl w\nd$ :ile c>ry+ ammunition to ! troops4 ,op5+ ( ! w> session ( ! ,canadian ,p>liam5t4 ,^! items are sift$ f a great _m sugge/$ by ! pupils4 ,9 ! sift+ process1 a v useful discussion is _h z to :at con/itutes real news1 & :at is m]e gossip2 t is1 :at is ( value z news to ! _w at l>ge1 & :at is ( purely local1 p]sonal int]e/4 ,9 civics1 curr5t topics may be made v useful4 ,items ( municipal1 prov9cial1 or f$]al affairs furni% a concrete basis = ! /udy ( our sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 & may also sugge/ moral examples4 ,,local ,,mat]ial ,"o ( ! *ief uses ( local hi/ory 9 ! class-room is to make ! /udy ( g5]al hi/ory m vivid & int]e/+ 7#a7 by mak+ m real ^? facts ( hi/ory associat$ ) ! locality 9 :i* we live1 & 7#b7 by provid+ suitable illu/rations1 f ! pupil's own exp]i5ce1 ( facts 9 g5]al hi/ory4 ,:5 a pupil has se5 ! place :]e an ev5t ( hi/ory has happ5$1 he has an int]e/ 9 t ev5t t he c\ld sc>cely ga9 9 any o!r way1 & ! hi/ory ( t p]iod may !n be taught ) m int]e/ & pr(it to him4 ,a pupil f9ds also 9 local hi/ory c]ta9 facts t he mu/ und]/& 9 ord] to int]pret ! /ory ( happ5+s1 di/ant 9 "t & place4 ,"s p>ts ( ,ont>io are mu* ri*] 9 mat]ial ?an o!rs1 b 9 all hi/oric spots may be f\nd4 ,on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv]1 9 ! ,niag>a p59sula1 9 ! ,talbot settlem5t di/rict1 9 ,york c\nty1 along ! ,ottawa ,riv]1 9 ! ,huron tract1 !re is no lack ( useful mat]ial4 ,b x is n necess>y to conf9e su* local hi/ory to ! out/&+ ev5ts ( w> or ! l>g] happ5+s ( civil progress4 ,9 e locality !re are rema9s ( ! e>li] ,indian inhabitants1 9 ! =m ( m\nds1 sites ( villages1 relics ( w> & ! *ase 7arr[-heads1 /one implem5ts1 beads1 etc472 relics ( ! e>ly settl]s1 9 ! =m ( roads & old log h\ses2 relics ( pione] life consi/+ ( furniture1 h\sehold & outdoor implem5ts1 etc41 t w s]ve z a basis = comp>ison ) pres5t-day conditions1 & make real to ! *ildr5 ! lives ( ! e>li] inhabitants & settl]s ( ,ont>io4 ,,civics ,! tea*+ ( civics has a ?reefold aim3 #a4 ,to in/ruct 9 ! me*anism ( gov]nm5t4 7,descriptive7 #b4 ,to in/ruct 9 ! hi/ory ( national in/itutions s z to %[ ! l9e ( developm5t1 & also to impress ! fact t exi/+ in/itutions are capable ( developm5t1 are n fix$4 7,hi/orical7 #c4 ,to %[ ! co/ ( ea* in/itution 9 ! ef=ts & sacrifices ( pa/ g5]ations & to quick5 & make p]man5t ! *ildr5's int]e/ 9 public life & _! s5se ( responsibility to _! fell[s4 7,patriotic & ,e?ical7 ,two po9ts /& out cle>ly--to tea* ! ma*9]y ( gov]nm5t & to in/il ideals ( public conduct4 ,( ^! ! second is by f> ! m important & ! m difficult to tea* directly4 ,! be/ way to attempt x is by means ( biography & p]sonal ref]5ces4 ,!re are great m5 & wom5 9 hi/ory ^: lives are wor?y examples to ! "y3 ,sir ,john ,eliot1 ,pym1 ,hampd51 :o /ood = fre$om ( spee* & debate2 ,glad/one1 :o help$ to "r hi/oric wrongs 9 ! ,ea/2 ,l9coln1 :o /ood = union & ! fre$om ( ! individual2 _m em95t ,canadians1 su* z ,sir ,john ,macdonald1 ,george ,br[n1 ,alex&] ,mack5zie1 ,eg]ton ,ry]son1 ,sir ,oliv] ,m[at1 & ,sir ,james ,:itney2 wom5 su* z ,flor5ce ,night+ale & ,elizabe? ,fry1 ,laura ,secord & ,s>ah ,maxwell4 ,besides ^! em95t examples1 !re are 9 e locality m5 & wom5 :o give unselfi%ly ( _! en]gy & "t = ! good ( ! community4 ,!re %\ld also be impress$ on ! m9ds ( ! "y a s5se ( _! responsibility = an hone/ & fai?ful use ( ! ballot1 a "r won = !m by ! long & e>ne/ ef=t ( _! =efa!rs2 & ! necessity = purity ( gov]nm5t 9 our democratic =m ( adm9i/ration4 ,9 s*ool life1 a good deal c be done to create a s5se ( fair play1 respect = ! rights ( o!rs1 & ( ! necessity = submission to lawful au?ority by enc\rag+ ! pupils to conduct all _! s*ool organizations1 :e!r 9 play or 9 "w1 hon\rably & by "r me?ods4 ,"s ( ! lessons t may be taught to *ildr5 dur+ _! s*ool life are z foll[s3 #a4 ,respect = ! rights ( o!rs4 ,pupils may be br\ght to see t misconduct on _! "p affects o!rs1 n !mselves only4 #b4 ,respect = ! prop]ty ( o!rs4 ,?is may be secur$ be/ by tea*+ !m to take good c>e ( _! own prop]ty fir/1 = unless a *ild c>es rightly = 8 own1 he is n likely to take mu* ?\ght = ! ?+s ( o!rs4 #c4 ,respect = public prop]ty4 ,?is is some?+ t ne$s att5tion badly4 ,x is a v common ?+ to f9d p de/roy+ trees1 fl[]s1 etc41 9 public places1 ?r[+ refuse on ! /reet1 & o!rwise disfigur+ _! surr\nd+s4 ,a beg9n+ ( bett] habits may be made by gett+ ! pupils to aid 9 beautify+ & decorat+ ! s*ool build+ by means ( pictures1 ei!r pr9ts or _! own "w1 by fl[]s 9 pots1 by keep+ ! floor & walls clean & free f m>ks & litt]2 also 9 mak+ ! gr\nds ar\nd ! s*ool m attractive by means ( fl[]s & %rubs4 ,arbor ,day may be made ( great use 9 ?is respect1 if ! _s ( t ,day c be c>ri$ ?r\gh ! :ole ye>4 ,a pride 9 ! attractiv5ess ( ! s*ool w h its influ5ce on ! pupils 9 ! wid] life ( ! community4 ,a k ( ! ma*9]y ( gov]nm5t may be bas$ on ! pupils' k ( ! organization ( ! s*ool4 ,! appo9tm5t1 p[]1 & duties ( ! tea*] are ! />t+-po9t4 ,! next /ep w be to inve/igate ! composition ( ! bo>d ( s*ool tru/ees4 ,?is may be done at ! "t ( an election = s*ool tru/ees4 ,! foll[+ que/ions may s]ve z an outl9e ( /udy = all ! political bodies by :i* we are gov]n$3 #a4 ,:o compose ! bo>d ( tru/ees8 7,9 ! small] local bodies1 ! names ( ! memb]s may be m5tion$1 z giv+ a p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! matt]47 #b4 ,h[ & by :om are !y elect$8 #c4 ,= :at p]iod are !y elect$8 #d4 ,h[ is ! bo>d organiz$ = ! conduct ( bus9ess8 #e4 ,:at p[]s d !y possess8 #f4 ,:at duties h !y to fulfil8 #g4 ,h[ d !y raise ! money ne$$ = _! "w8 #h4 ,h[ is ! bo>d r5d]$ cont9u\s8 7,by elect+ a successor to a memb] :o resigns2 by ! tru/ees rema9+ 9 (fice till _! successors are elect$47 ,o!r gov]n+ bodies may be tak5 up simil>ly1 = example3 ,municipal ,c\ncils 7t[n%ip1 c\nty1 village1 t[n1 or city c\ncil71 ,prov9cial ,legislature1 ,dom9ion or ,f$]al ,p>liam5t1 ,imp]ial ,p>liam5t4 ,a suitable "t to br+ up ! topic ( h[ elections are conduct$ w\ld be :5 an election = any ( ! above bodies is 9 progress4 ,in=mation on ?is topic may be f\nd 9 ,canadian ,civics1 by ,j5k9s2 a full] acc\nt is giv5 9 ,b\r9ot's ,h[ ,canada is ,gov]n$4 ,lessons conc]n+ special bodies ( municipal & civil s]vants may be tak52 = example1 ! assessor1 tax-collector1 policeman1 po/al employees1 firem51 etc4 ,9 connection ) all ( ^!1 ! "q ( taxation is con/antly aris+4 ,x is sugge/$ t some?+ %\ld be done to put ! pupils 9 ! "r attitude t[>d ?is subject4 ,_m p h an idea t :5 !y pay taxes !y are be+ robb$1 because !y d n /op to ?9k ( :at !y are gett+ 9 return = _! money4 ,! *ief reason = ?is seems to be t ! taxes are usually paid once or twice a ye>1 :ile ! s]vices r5d]$ are cont9u\s4 ,a good way to proce$ is to h ! class calculate ! value ( ! s]vices giv5 9 return = ! taxes4 ,= example1 suppose x is f\nd t ! ye>ly co/ = ea* pupil 9 a c]ta9 section is #be4jj4 ,divide ?is by ! numb] ( days 7#bjj7 a pupil att5ds s*ool dur+ ! ye>1 & ! co/ ea* day = ea* pupil is %[n be only #ab-a_/b c5ts1 n a v l>ge sum = a community to pay = a *ild's education4 ,o!r calculations may be made to %[ ! sav+ to f>m]s by sp5d+ money 9 ! con/ruction ( good roads to make team+ m pr(itable4 ,= example3 ,9 a /rip ( c\ntry s]v$ by a road t5 miles long1 !re is room = eighty f>ms ( "o hundr$ acres ea*1 all ! produce ( :i* w\ld be haul$ on t road4 ,let u suppose t ?is produce w\ld am\nt to #c1jjj loads1 su* z c\ld be haul$ on an ord9>y c\ntry road4 ,! av]age haul be+ five miles1 two trips a day c\ld be made4 ,at #e4jj a day1 ! co/ ( haulage w\ld be #g1ejj4 ,suppose ?is road to be conv]t$ into a good /one road at a co/ ( #c1jjj a mile1 a total co/ ( #cj1jjj4 ,on ?is road1 ) ! l>g] & heavi] wagons t c\ld n[ be us$1 ! f>m]s c\ld easily d\ble ! size ( ! load4 ,?is w\ld mean t1 in/ead ( #c1jjj loads be+ necess>y1 #a1ejj w\ld be suffici5t4 ,at ! same rate z be=e1 ! co/ ( haulage w\ld be #c1gej1 an annual sav+ ( #c1gej2 s t ! :ole co/ ( ! road w\ld be sav$ 9 eight ye>s1 to say no?+ ( ! great] ease & com=t ( travel to bo? man & bea/4 ,bett] roads w\ld also give ! f>m] access to m>ket = a great] "p ( ! ye> & ?us enable him to take advantage ( high] prices at c]ta9 seasons4 ,x is believ$ t ^! figures are q )9 ! b\nds ( probability4 ,9 l>ge t[ns & cities ! co/ ( public utilities may be calculat$2 = example1 ! exp5se ( a fire-/ation 9 build+s1 equipm5t1 horses1 m51 etc41 to %[ h[ ! money rais$ by taxes is sp5t = ! good ( ! :ole community1 & helps to keep d[n ! rates = fire insurance4 ,! k9ds ( taxation may also be discuss$--direct & indirect2 also ! s\rces f :i* direct taxes are d]iv$--cu/oms1 excise1 etc42 me?ods ( levy+ & collect+ taxes2 h[ taxes are sp5t = ! v>i\s educational & *>itable in/itutions--s*ools1 libr>ies1 hospitals1 asylums1 homes = ! poor & neglect$1 etc42 = ! protection ( life & prop]ty2 = ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 etc4 ,! di/ribution ( taxes among public in/itutions may be /udi$ f ! public acc\nts pr9t$ = ! use ( ratepay]s4 ,! lessons le>n$ ab\t ! fairness ( taxation may be us$ to illu/rate c]ta9 p]iods ( hi/ory :5 p /ruggl$ aga9/ unju/ & arbitr>y taxation2 = example1 ,wat ,tyl]'s ,rebellion1 ! ,civil ,w> 9 ,engl& 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! ,am]ican & ,fr5* ,revolutions1 ,acts ( ,p>liam5t 9 ,canada f ! ,quebec ,act to ! ,act ( ,conf$]ation4 ,a ,dom9ion or ,prov9cial election (f]s a good opportunity = a lesson on h[ to vote & h[ we came to h ! "r to vote2 on ! con/itution ( ,p>liam5t2 on ! sanctity ( ! ballot1 etc4 ,a trial by jury 9 :i* ! p ( ! di/rict are int]e/$ may be us$ to introduce ! hi/ory & purpose ( ! jury4 ,,! ,,tea*] ,,( ,,hi/ory ,! tea*] ( hi/ory mu/ "k 8 subject4 ,?is does n mean t e s*ool tea*] mu/ h an exp]t k ( ! :ole subject1 b he %\ld "k ! hi/ory t is to be taught ?or\ghly en\gh to be able to tea* ! lesson orally )\t ref]r+ con/antly to ! text-book or to notes4 ,?is1 at lea/1 is ! ideal to /rive =4 ,to accompli% ?is1 ! tea*] is e>ne/ly recomm5d$ to read at lea/ "o book 9 addition to ! au?oriz$ text-book1 :i* does n usually conta9 mu* m ?an ! important facts ( hi/ory4 ,to clo! ! skeleton ( facts ) fle% & blood s z to make hi/ory :at x really is1 a record ( human be+s :o n only did ?+s b _h also ?\ghts & feel+s l our own1 x is necess>y to be able to supply ! p]sonal details t make ! figures ( hi/ory real1 liv+1 m5 & wom54 7,see ! ,/ory ( ,flor5ce ,night+ale1 p4 #fb47 ,! tea*] :o does ?is w himself come to h a m lively int]e/ 9 hi/ory4 ,! tea*] mu/ also "k *ildr54 ,= ! und]/&+ ( hi/ory1 pupils are dep5d5t on _! previ\s k ( life & its int]e/s4 ,!y mu/ be l$ by timely sugge/ions or que/ions to see ! connection betwe5 _! own k ( life & ! exp]i5ces ( ! actors 9 hi/ory4 ,)\t ?is connection1 ! facts ( hi/ory rema9 mean+less4 ,to pres5t hi/ory to ! pupils 9 an int]e/+ way1 ! oral me?od is ! be/4 ,x is n necess>y = ! tea*] to h a special gift = n>ration2 any "o :o is really int]e/$ 9 ! /ory to be told is able to tell x well en\gh to hold ! att5tion ( ! class4 ,9 n>ration1 m]e flu5cy is n ! *ief requisite2 x is m important t ! pupils %\ld feel ! tea*]'s int]e/ 9 ! topic4 ,! n>ration mu/ also be conf9$ to ! facts & details t c\nt2 ! tea*] ne$s to "k :at to omit z well z :at to n>rate4 ,if ! matt] has be5 well ?\ght out & cle>ly arrang$ 9 topics ) due reg>d to ! relation ( cause & effect1 ! tell+ ( ! /ory w be an easi] matt]1 & ! pupils w be tra9$ also 9 a cle> & logical way ( treat+ hi/ory4 ,! oral me?od %\ld be support$ by ! free use ( devices = mak+ ! /ory real4 7,see p4 #cd47 ,:ile x is q true t c]ta9 important topics are to be ?or\ghly ma/]$ z c5tres ( connection = ! less important facts1 yet x mu/ be insi/$ on t a m important aim ( ! tea*] is to ar\se & /imulate an int]e/ 9 hi/ory s t ! pupil's /udy ( x may cont9ue aft] ! close ( 8 s*ool-days4 ,no ma/]y ( facts ?r\gh memorization alone w c\nt]balance ! lack ( int]e/ 91 & lik+ =1 ! subject4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,illu/rative ,,lessons ,! foll[+ lessons are to be consid]$ z sugge/ive r ?an directive1 z illu/rat+ h[ ! pr9ciples ( tea*+ may be appli$ 9 a p>ticul> subject4 ,def9ite k ( *ild-nature & ( *ildr5's exp]i5ces1 ( ! mat]ials to be us$1 & ( ! purpose to be accompli%$ 9 tea*+ a subject1 det]m9es1 9 ! ma91 ! *oice ( me?od4 ,?is /atem5t is especially true ( hi/ory1 =1 unless x is /eadily borne 9 m9d1 ! temptation is v great to make ! tea*+ ( ?is subject consi/ 9 m]e memoriz+ ( ev5ts & dates4 ,,=ms ,i ,,& ,,ii ,,type ,,lesson ,,9 ,,! ,,/ory ,,/age ,! aim ( ?is lesson is to give ! pupils ! /ory ( ,moses & ! ,burn+ ,bu%1 & at ! same "t to ar\se an int]e/ 9 /ories4 ,z a prep>ation = ! lesson1 ! tea*] %\ld secure pictures1 or make sket*es1 illu/rat+ 7#a7 ,moses t5d+ 8 flocks1 7#b7 ! ,burn+ ,bu%1 7#c7 ! rod turn+ to a s]p5t1 7#d7 ,moses sett+ out to d ,god's w4 ,! pictures & sket*es are us$ to make real ! v]bal /ory4 ,a few que/ions recall+ ! e>li] ev5ts 9 ,moses' life %\ld be answ]$ by ! pupils1 = example3 ,moses z a baby 9 ! bulru%es1 8 adoption by ! ,pr9cess1 8 life 9 ! palace1 8 kill+ ( ! ,egyptian1 ! cause ( 8 flight into ,midian4 ,! tea*] %\ld !n n>rate 9 cle>1 simple language ! /ory ( ,moses 9 ,midian1 divid+ x into p>ts su* z3 ,moses at ! well1 8 home ) ,je?ro1 ! appe>ance ( ! ,burn+ ,bu%1 8 talk ) ,god1 8 excuses1 ,god's pro( ( p[] to help1 8 sett+ out to d ,god's w4 ,9 ,=m ,i x may be advisable to "q1 dur+ ! /ory1 to asc]ta9 if ! language & ideas are und]/ood1 b reproduction ( ea* "p z x is n>rat$ w probably result 9 a loss ( att5tion & a lack ( int]e/ 9 ! rema9d] ( ! /ory4 ,! reproduction %\ld1 !re=e1 be tak5 aft] ! completion ( ! /ory4 ,9 ,=m ,,ii v %ort topic-phrases may be writt5 on ! black-bo>d4 ,^! w s]ve z a guide to ! pupils 9 ! oral or writt5 reproduction t foll[s4 ,if illu/rat$ /ory-books conta9+ ?is /ory are 9 ! libr>y1 pupils ( ,=m ,,ii may be ask$ to read !m4 ,:5 practicable1 an ex]cise 9 sight read+ may foll[ ?is k9d ( lesson4 ,! tea*] may h slips conta9+ sections ( ! /ory prep>$ be=eh&1 & may give !m to ! pupils = sight read+4 ,,=ms ,i ,,& ,,ii ,,! ,,fir/ ,,?anksgiv+ ,mat]ials3 ,a set ( pictures %[+ ,! ,mayfl[] 9 ,plym\? ,h>b\r2 ,! ,l&+ ( ! ,pilgrims2 ,! ,pilgrims go+ to ,*ur*2 ,plym\? ,rock2 ,! ,sp9n+ ,:eel4 7,p]ry ,picture ,co4 pictures7 ,a map ( ! we/]n coa/ ( ,europe & ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,am]ica drawn on ! black-bo>d4 ,introduction3 ,a talk on ,?anksgiv+ ,day z celebrat$ n[--! return+ ( ?anks to ,god = a b\ntiful h>ve/1 ! g5]al good-w prevail+1 ! d9n]4 ,h[ & :5 did ?is cu/om orig9ate8 ,pres5tation3 ,! tea*] tells ! /ory ( ! emigration ( ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs1 & %[s ! pictures t illu/rate ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! /ory4 ,! voyage is trac$ on ! map & ! l&+-place 9 ,am]ica m>k$4 ,?is %\ld be foll[$ by a spirit$ read+ ( ,mrs4 ,hemans' ,! ,l&+ ( ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs1 & ! tell+ ( ,! ,fir/ ,?anksgiv+4 7,see ,app5dix47 ,a simple v]sion ( ?is /ory may be giv5 to pupils 9 ,=m ,i1 accompani$ by su* con/ruction "w1 9 pap] cutt+ & col\r+1 & 9 modell+1 z !y c d4 ,,=m ,,ii ,,flor5ce ,,night+ale ,9 ! w> t ,engl& & ,france 7 c>ry+ on aga9/ ,russia 9 ! ,crimea ab\t fifty ye>s ago1 ! ,engli% soldi]s suff]$ t]rible h>d%ips1 s t]rible t m ?an half ! army 7 9 ! hospital1 & _m m5 7 dy+ ( />vation & neglect4 ,! p 9 ,engl& knew no?+ ( ?is1 because !y ?\ght t ev]y?+ ! army ne$$ _h be5 s5t to x4 ,at la/1 !y f\nd out f ! lett]s ( ,dr4 ,russell1 ! correspond5t ( ! ,london ,times1 h[ great 7 ! suff]+s ( ! soldi]s1 & !y 7 s %ock$ at ?is /ate ( ?+s t !y subscrib$ l>ge sums ( money1 _m ?\s&s ( doll>s1 & s5t out to ! army ,flor5ce ,night+ale & ?irty-f\r o!r nurses to d :at !y c\ld = ! neglect$ soldi]s4 ,aft] !y came1 ! w\nd$ & sick soldi]s 7 s well c>$ = t ?\s&s ( !m liv$ to come home :o w\ld h di$ if ^! noble wom5 _h n gone out to nurse !m4 ,d y want to "k :y ,flor5ce ,night+ale 0 ! "o p]son out ( all ! p ( ,engl& to be ask$ to g8 ,f h] e>lie/ *ildhood %e 0 always do+ :at %e c\ld to help ^? :o 7 9 tr\ble4 ,! poor & suff]+ appeal$ to h] m ?an to mo/ p4 ,:5 q "y1 %e w5t to visit ! poor & sick on h] fa!r's e/ates1 c>ry+ to !m "s little da9ties or fl[]s t !y w\ld be sure to l1 & help+ !m to get well4 ,all ! animals ar\nd h] home lik$ h]1 because !y knew t %e w\ld n hurt !m2 ev5 ! %y squirrels w\ld come q close to h] & pick up ! nuts %e dropp$ = !m4 ,an old gray pony1 nam$ ,peggy1 w\ld trot up to h] :5 %e w5t into ! field to see x1 & put its nose into h] pocket = ! apple or o!r little treat t %e always _h = x4 ,a %eep dog _h be5 hurt by a /one ?r[n at x by a boy1 & ! own] ?\ght t its leg 0 brok5 & t he w\ld h to kill x4 ,b x turn$ out to be only a bad bruise & ! dog 0 soon well ) ,flor5ce's nurs+4 ,:5 h] ri* p>5ts took h] to ,london1 %e pref]r$ visit+ ! sick p 9 ! hospitals to enjoy+ h]self at p>ties or 9 sight-see+4 ,:5 ! family travell$ 9 ,europe1 %e visit$ ! hospitals to see h[ ! sick 7 be+ look$ aft]4 ,%e w5t to "o ( ! be/ hospitals 9 ,g]many to /udy h[ to nurse ! sick 9 ! be/ way4 ,:5 %e came back to ,engl&1 %e did a great deal to improve ! hospitals1 & = _m ye>s %e work$ s h>d t h] heal? began to fail4 ,x 0 because ( :at %e _h done 9 ?is way t %e 0 ask$ to g to ! ,crimea to take *>ge ( ! hospitals = ! ,engli% soldi]s4 ,:5 %e came !re %e f\nd ?+s 9 a t]rible condition4 ,! sick & w\nd$ m5 7 cr[d$ 9 su* unheal?y rooms t !y _h v little *ance to get well4 ,%e clean$ up ! build+s1 gave ! pati5ts clean b$s & clo!s1 & saw t !y _h good1 well-cook$ food to eat4 ,%e look$ aft] _! com=t1 sat beside _! b$s :5 !y 7 v ill1 & wrote lett]s = !m to _! families at home4 ,because %e (t5 walk$ ?r\gh ! rooms at night1 alone1 & c>ry+ a little lamp 9 h] h&1 to see t ev]y?+ 0 all "r1 %e 0 call$ ! lady ) ! lamp4 ,z %e w5t ab\t1 speak+ to "s1 nodd+ & smil+ to o!rs1 we c imag9e h[ mu* ! poor soldi]s ?\ght ( h]4 ,:5 ! w> 0 ov]1 ! p ( ,engl& 7 s grateful to h] t ! ,gov]nm5t gave h] a v l>ge sum ( money1 #bej1jjj1 b %e gave x all to build a s*ool :]e nurses might be tra9$ = _! "w4 ,que5 ,victoria gave h] a beautiful jewel to %[ :at %e ?\ght ( ! brave "w t ,flor5ce ,night+ale did4 ,%e liv$ = _m ye>s1 do+ a great deal to %[ h[ to treat p :o are ill1 & h[ to keep p well by secur+ = !m pure air1 pure wat]1 cleanl9ess1 & light4 ,%e di$ ,augu/ #aj1 #aiaj1 b ! good %e did 9 sav+ ! lives ( s _m soldi]s w always be rememb]$4 ,,me?od ,x is n int5d$ t ?is /ory %\ld be giv5 to ! pupils j z x is "h4 ,?is acc\nt is giv5 to indicate :at facts may be told to pupils z "y ev5 z ^? 9 ! s5ior "p ( ,=m ,i1 & h[ ! /ory may be simplifi$ = _! und]/&+4 ,aft] ! /ory is told1 vividly & sympa!tically1 ! reproduction by ! class foll[s 9 ! usual way4 ,,=m ,,ii ,,! ,,po/ma/] ,,an ,,introductory ,,lesson ,,9 ,,civics ,?is is an introductory lesson 9 civics1 9 :i* ! aim is to make ! pupils famili> ) ! duties1 qualifications1 sal>y1 & importance ( ! po/ma/]4 ,! tea*] & class1 9 imag9ation1 make a visit to ! po/-(fice & describe :at may be se5 !re94 ,a pupil's lett] is prep>$1 & ! tea*]1 by us+ an old envelope1 %[s :at is done ) ! lett] till x rea*es ! p]son to :om x is address$1 tabulat+ ^! po9ts on ! black-bo>d3 7#a7 ,/amp$2 7#b7 ,/amp cancell$2 7#c7 ,plac$ 9 ! mail bag2 7#d7 ,tak5 to ! railway /ation2 7#e7 ,plac$ on ! tra92 7#f7 ,receiv$ at its de/9ation2 7#g7 ,m>k$ to %[ date on :i* x 0 receiv$2 7#h7 ,sort$2 7#i7 ,deliv]$4 ,ano!r us$ envelope %\ld be %[n to ! pupils t !y may trace1 f ! impressions /amp$ ^u x1 its s5d+ & receiv+ (fices4 ,f a consid]ation ( ^! sev]al duties ( ! po/ma/] ! pupils may be l$ to see t he %\ld be an hone/1 c>eful1 c\rte\s1 & prompt p]son4 ,! tea*] next expla9s h[ p s5t lett]s1 etc41 be=e po/-(fices 7 in/itut$1 & %[s t ! po/ma/]1 9 do+ 8 "w1 is do+ x z our repres5tative1 & t we %\ld help him 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duty by pla9ly address+ our lett]s1 etc4 ,a fur!r explanation z to ! mann] ( appo9tm5t & paym5t ( sal>y may foll[4 ,9 ano!r lesson1 ! second>y duties ( ! po/ma/]--! regi/ration ( lett]s1 issu+ ( money ord]s & ( po/al notes1 ! receiv+ & =w>d+ ( money to ! ,sav+s ,bank1 & ! mak+ ( reports to ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t--may be discuss$4 ,9 tea*+ ^! ! objective me?od %\ld be us$4 ,! tea*] %\ld obta9 envelopes ( regi/]$ lett]s & a regi/ration blank1 a blank money ord]1 & a blank po/al note1 & in/ruct ! pupils 9 ! prop] me?od ( fill+ out ^! =ms4 ,,=m ,,iii ,,! ,,capture ,,( ,,quebec ,! introduction to ?is lesson w consi/ ( que/ions recall+ ! matt] ( ! pa/ lesson or lessons1 & ! positions ( ! ,briti% & ! ,fr5* =ces 9 ! spr+ ( #agei4 ,?is c be easily done by sket*+ on ! black-bo>d a map ( ,nor? ,am]ica & m>k+ on x ) col\r$ *alk ! position ( ea* =ce4 ,! *ief settlem5ts to be m5tion$ 9 ! lesson ( ! day %\ld also be m>k$4 ,= ! matt] ( ?is see ,! ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,canada1 pages #hc-ig1 & ,p>kman's ,montcalm & ,wolfe4 ,! tea*] describes ! voyage ( ,wolfe f ,l\isburg to ,quebec1 m5tion+ ! means tak5 to secure pilots & to ov]come ! difficulties ( navigat+ ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,:5 ! pupils1 foll[+ ! voyage1 h arriv$ at ,quebec1 a description ( ! topography ( ! vic9ity %\ld be giv51 & an enl>g$ sket*1 or bett] /ill1 a pla/ic9e model1 made to %[ ?is4 7,see text-book1 page #ajj47 ,! difficulty ( captur+ ,quebec may be emphasiz$ by ref]5ce to =m] attempts4 ,on ?is sket* or model ! disposition ( ! ,fr5* =ces %\ld be %[n1 & !n problems may be giv5 z to actions t might be tak5 by ,wolfe4 ,= example3 ,h[ w\ld y attempt to de/roy ! =t8 ,:]e may ,wolfe l& 8 soldi]s8 ,:at l$ ! ,fr5* to place _! soldi]s d[n z f> z ! ,montmor5ci8 ,no d\bt "s wrong answ]s w be giv51 b ! probability is t "s boy w say t he w\ld take "s guns to ! high bank on ! ,levis side & bomb>d ! t[n ( ,quebec4 ,! tea*] w !n tell :at 0 done & ) :at results4 ,?is %\ld be outl9$ briefly on ! black-bo>d1 & problem que/ions propos$ z to ! attempt ( ,wolfe to dislodge ! ,fr5* at ,montmor5ci4 ,?is second /ep is also told & add$ to ! outl9e1 aft] :i* ! tea*] proce$s to expla9 ! f9al /ep1 dwell+ p>ticul>ly on ! illness ( ,wolfe1 8 c>eful arrangem5t ( plans1 ! c\rage %[n 9 attempt+ ! surprise ( ! hill1 ! spe$ ) :i* 8 =ces 7 drawn up on ! ,pla9s1 ! battle ) its f9al outcome4 ,?is is add$ to ! outl9e1 & ! :ole /ory is reproduc$ orally be=e ! class is dismiss$4 ,z desk "w1 ! outl9e is copi$ 9 note-books & ! pupils are direct$ to read ! full /ory 9 ,p>kman's ,montcalm & ,wolfe1 or 9 ! ,hi/ory ,read]1 pp4 #bhd-bib4 ,,note3 ,if pla/ic9e be us$1 m9iature cannon1 %ips1 bridges1 etc41 may be plac$ 9 position & a reali/ic explanation ( ! battle giv54 ,?is w\ld require m "t & ! :ole /ory w\ld require sev]al lesson spaces4 ,ref]5ces3 ,! text-book1 ,weav]'s ,canadian ,hi/ory = ,boys & ,girls1 & ,p>kman's ,montcalm & ,wolfe4 ,,=m ,,iii ,,! ,,com+ ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,empire ,,loyali/s #a4 ,n>rate briefly ! /ory ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 to %[ :y !y _h to leave ! c\ntry2 describe ! treatm5t giv5 to !m by ! revolutioni/s2 h[ !y lo/ _! prop]ty2 h[ !y 7 driv5 f _! homes & expos$ to all sorts ( h>d%ips1 sometimes fatal to ! wom5 & *ildr52 emphasize _! con/ant feel+ ( loyalty 9 face ( all _! tr\bles4 #b4 ,!re 0 no?+ = !m to d b g to "s place :]e ! ,briti% flag /ill flew4 ,! pupils may be ask$1 ) ! map be=e !m1 to consid] :]e !y w\ld be mo/ likely to g4 ,:at 7 ! probable r\tes !y w\ld foll[8 ,t w\ld dep5d on :]e !y liv$ 9 ! ,/ates4 ,:at me?ods ( travel c\ld !y use8 ,! class w see f a consid]ation ( ^! po9ts h[ !y did travel1 :at r\tes !y foll[$1 & :]e !y settl$ d[n4 ,! wat]ways w\ld h to be emphasiz$ & trac$ out on ! map2 by sea f ,new ,york & ,bo/on to ,nova ,scotia2 by ,lake ,*ampla9 & ! ,ri*elieu ,riv] to ,quebec & ,ea/]n ,ont>io2 by ! we/]n riv]s1 ! ,mohawk1 ! ,g5esee1 etc41 to ,we/]n ,ont>io4 7,see ,f\r? ,read]1 p4 #agj47 #c4 ,:at ! ,gov]nm5t did = !m & h[ !y succe$$4 ,any acc\nt ( life 9 ,canada 9 ! e>ly days w give ! necess>y in=mation4 ,x may be t "s old settl] ( ! neighb\rhood c supply ! /ory to "o ( ! *ildr54 #d4 ,9 ! ,s5ior ,=m !re may be tak5 up slightly ! political ideals ( ^! ,loyali/s & h[ _! pres5ce l$ to *anges 9 affairs 9 ,upp] ,canada4 ,,=m ,,iii ,,! ,,flag ,9 itself a flag is only a small bit ( bunt+2 x becomes a p[]ful aid to patriotism :5 x receives a mean+ f its hi/ory4 ,x is ! emblem ( a nation1 ! symbol ( sov]eignty1 & z su* %\ld h a prom95t place 9 ! education ( ! "y4 ,*ildr5 %\ld be taught3 7#a7 ! hi/ory ( ! /ruggles & sacrifices ( our =efa!rs 9 secur+ & ma9ta9+ our lib]ties2 7#b7 ! significance ( ! flag z /&+ = lib]ty1 tru?1 & ju/ice2 & 7#c7 its con/ruction1 ) ! special significance ( ea* "p4 ,! la/ po9t--! con/ruction ( ! ,union ,jack--%\ld be prec$$ by a s]ies ( lessons on ! individual jacks4 ,^! lessons %\ld expla9 ! significance ( ! t]m jack2 %\ld give ! /ories ( ,/4 ,george1 ! patron sa9t ( ,engl&1 ( ,/4 ,&rew1 ! patron sa9t ( ,scotl&1 & ( ,/4 ,patrick1 ! patron sa9t ( ,irel&2 & ! reasons = ! plac+ ( ! crosses on ! jacks ( ! sev]al c\ntries4 7,see ,app5dix47 ,^! lessons may be tak5 z foll[s3 t ( ! jack & ,/4 ,george aft] a lesson on ! ,crusad]s2 ( ,/4 ,&rew aft] ! lesson on ! ,battle ( ,bannockburn2 ( ,/4 ,patrick aft] ! lesson on ! ,conque/ ( ,irel& by ,/rongb[4 ,! opposite c\rse may be foll[$4 ,! con/ruction or draw+ ( ! flag may be tak5 9 connection ) "o ( ! flag days2 !n ! *ildr5 w be int]e/$ 9 ! "w itself4 ,! /ory ( ! jacks may be giv5 aft]w>ds 9 ! hi/ory lessons4 ,z desk "w foll[+ ea* lesson1 ! pupils %\ld con/ruct ! flags1 us+ col\r$ pap]1 & ^! flags %\ld be kept = use 9 ! f9al lesson4 ,! foll[+ sizes may be us$ 9 oblong flags3 ,= ,/4 ,george's--:ite gr\nd--#b-a_/b 94 x #e 941 r$ cross #a_/b 94 ,= ,/4 ,&rew's--blue gr\nd--#b-a_/b 94 x #e 941 :ite cross #a_/b 94 ,= ,/4 ,patrick's--:ite gr\nd--#b #a_/b 94 x #e 941 r$ cross #a_/c 94 ,:5 ! /ory ( ! union ( ! cr[ns ( ,engl& & ,scotl& 9 ! reign ( ,james ,i has be5 taught1 ! pupils %\ld be ask$ to attempt ! problem ( unit+ ! two flags into "o4 ,= ?is purpose ! flags already made c be us$4 ,! flag ( ,engl& w surm\nt t ( ,scotl&1 & 9 ord] t ! flag ( ,scotl& may be se51 ! :ite gr\nd ( ! flag ( ,engl& mu/ be remov$1 only a n>r[ bord] ( :ite along ea* arm be+ reta9$ to repres5t ! gr\nd col\r4 ,?is n>r[ bord] on ea* side is "o ?ird ( ! wid? ( ! r$ cross4 ,! f9al lesson1 ! con/ruction ( ! ,union ,jack ( our day1 %\ld be giv5 on ,empire ,day or a few days be=e4 ,z an introduction ! tea*] %\ld review ! flag ( ea* c\ntry 9 ! ,union1 ref]r+ also to ! ,union ,jacks ( ,james & ( ,anne4 ,! problem ( unit+ ! ,iri% ,jack ) ! o!r two might be giv5 ! pupils2 b z !y are n likely to succe$ 9 solv+ x1 x w be bett] = ! tea*] to place be=e !m ! ,union ,jack belong+ to ! s*ool & to lead !m to obs]ve3 #a4 t x is usually oblong--twice z long z wide2 7x may also be squ>e72 #b4 t ! ,/4 ,&rew's ,cross is p>tially cov]$ by ! ,/4 ,patrick's2 #c4 t ! ,/4 ,george's ,cross1 z be=e1 is "o fif? ( ! wid? ( ! jack2 #d4 t along ! side ( ! ,/4 ,patrick's ,cross is a /rip ( :ite2 #e4 t ?is /rip ( :ite & ! r$ ( ! ,/4 ,patrick's equal ! broad :ite ( ! ,/4 ,&rew's2 #f4 t ! broad :ite ( ! ,/4 ,&rew's is p>tly :ite cross & p>tly :ite gr\nd2 #g4 t ! broad :ite ( ! ,/4 ,&rew's is upp]mo/ on ! p>ts ne> ! /aff4 ,:5 ^! h be5 not$1 ! pupils are ready to unite ! flags :i* !y _h =m]ly made4 ,! tea*] directs !m to cut away all ( ! :ite gr\nd & half ( ea* arm ( ! ,/4 ,patrick's ,cross1 reta9+ ! c5tre4 ,?is %\ld !n be pa/$ ^u ! ,/4 ,&rew's ,cross z 9 ! ,union ,jack4 ,!y next cut away all ( ! :ite gr\nd ( ! ,/4 ,george's ,cross1 except ! bord] 7"o ?ird ( ! r$71 & pa/e ?is above ! o!r two4 ,! result w be a correctly made jack1 & ! pupils w "k ! sev]al /ages 9 its gr[?4 ,:]e x is n possible to conduct ! s]ies ( lessons z above1 ! foll[+ me?od is sugge/$4 ,! pupils are provid$ ) :ite pap] & r$ & blue crayons1 & are l$ to make1 z above1 a /udy ( ! jack belong+ to ! s*ool4 ,! foll[+ directions are !n giv53 ,fir/ l9e 9 ) a rul] ! dim5sions ( ! flag1 say five in*es wide & t5 in*es long4 ,draw ! diagonals 9 fa9t l9es4 ,place ! cross ( ,/4 ,george & its bord] ^u ! flag accord+ to ! measurem5ts m5tion$1 t is1 ! cross "o in* wide & ! bord] "o ?ird ( an in* wide4 ,! diagonals w be ! c5tre & divid+ l9es ( ! crosses ( ,/4 ,&rew & ,/4 ,patrick4 ,n[ place ! saltire crosses accord+ to ! measurem5ts4 ,! :ite arm ( ,/4 ,&rew's ,cross w be "o-half in* 9 wid?1 ! :ite bord] ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,cross "o-six? ( an in* wide1 & ! r$ cross ( ,/4 ,patrick "o-?ird ( an in* wide4 ,! r$ cross ( ,/4 ,patrick is plac$ t\*+ ! diagonal1 bel[ 9 ! fir/ & ?ird qu>t]s1 & above 9 ! second & f\r? qu>t]s4 ,great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 mak+ ! draw+ ( ! ,union ,jack4 ,! foll[+ are ! (ficial regulations = ! proportions ( ! ,union ,jack3 #a4 ,x may be ei!r squ>e1 or twice z long z x is wide4 #b4 ,! proportions are3 ,r$ ,cross ( ,/4 ,george #a_/e ( wid? ( flag4 ,:ite bord] to ,/4 ,george #a_/c ( r$ ( ,/4 ,george4 ,r$ ,cross ( ,/4 ,patrick #a_/c ( r$ ( ,/4 ,george4 ,:ite bord] to ,/4 ,patrick #a_/f ( r$ ( ,/4 ,george4 ,broad :ite ( ,/4 ,&rew #a_/b ( r$ ( ,/4 ,george4 #c4 ,broad :ite ( ,/4 ,&rew is upp]mo/ 9 ! two qu>t]s next ! /aff2 ! r$ ( ,/4 ,patrick is upp]mo/ 9 ! o!r qu>t]s4 ,its base is ! cross ( ,/4 ,george1 r$ on a :ite gr\nd4 ,on ! political union ( ,engl& & ,scotl& 9 #agjg1 ! cross ( ,/4 ,&rew1 :i* is a :ite diagonal cross on a blue gr\nd1 0 add$1 & to ?is ,union flag !re 0 jo9$1 9 #ahja1 ! cross ( ,/4 ,patrick1 a r$ diagonal cross on a :ite gr\nd4 ,! col\rs ( ! ,union ,jack are r$1 :i* is ! emblem ( c\rage2 :ite1 ! emblem ( purity2 & blue1 ! emblem ( tru?2 s t we _c d any?+ c[>dly )\t disgrac+ our flag4 ,on memorial days ! tea*]1 z he describes ! pa/ ev5ts t h help$ to make our c\ntry /rong & keep x free1 may well ref] to ! col\rs ( ! flag z rem9d]s ( ! virtues on :i* our ,empire re/s4 ,= memorial days ! foll[+1 among o!rs1 are sugge/$3 ,,flag ,,days ,op5+ & clos+ ( ea* t]m ,jan4 #a4--,municipalities incorporat$ 9 ,canada1 #ahdb4 7,to be celebrat$ on ! fir/ s*ool day ( ! new ye>47 ,feb4 #aj4--,union ( ! ,canadas1 #ahda4 ,m>* #aa4--;,fir/ ,responsible ,m9i/ry1 #ahdh4 ,m>* #ad4--;,f\nd+ ( ,upp] ,canada--,con/itutional ,act1 #agia4 ,m>* #bd4--;,eg]ton ,ry]son's bir?day 7#ahjc-ahhb74 ,empire ,day4--,! s*ool day imm$iately prec$+ ,may #bd4 ,may #bd4--,victoria ,day4 ,june #c4--,! ,k+'s ,bir?day1 #ahfe4 ,july #a4--;,dom9ion ,day3 ,conf$]ation ( ! ,prov9ces1 #ahfg4 ,july #ag4--;,fir/ ,p>liam5t ( ,upp] ,canada1 #agib4 ,septemb] #ac4--;,battle ( ! ,pla9s ( ,abraham1 #agei4 ,octob] #ac4--;,battle ( ,que5/on ,heights--,dea? ( ,sir ,isaac ,brock1 #ahab4 ,octob] #ba4--,trafalg> ,day1 #ahje4 ,decemb] #bd4--;,close ( ! ,w> ( #ahab-ahad1 by ! ,treaty ( ,gh5t4 7,to be celebrat$ on ! la/ s*ool day be=e ,*ri/mas47 ,o!r days commemorat+ ev5ts connect$ ) v>i\s localities may also be *os54 ,= in=mation respect+ ! flag1 tea*]s are ref]r$ to ,b>l[ ,cumb]l&'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,union ,jack 7late/ edition71 to ! ,flag ,*>ts1 by ,mrs4 ,fess5d51 & to ,! ,flag ( ,canada1 by ,sir ,joseph ,pope4 ,= ! /ories ( ! patron sa9ts ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&1 see ,app5dix4 ,,! ,,col\rs ,,( ,,! ,,flag ,:at is ! blue on our flag1 boys8 ,! waves ( ! b\ndless sea1 ,:]e our vessels ride 9 _! tameless pride1 ,& ! feet ( ! w9ds are free2 ,f ! sun & smiles ( ! coral isles ,to ! ice ( ! ,s\? & ,nor?1 ,) dauntless tread ?r\gh tempe/s dread ,! gu>dian %ips g =?4 ,:at is ! :ite on our flag1 boys8 ,! hon\r ( our l&1 ,:i* burns 9 our sight l a beacon light ,& /&s :ile ! hills %all /&2 ,yea1 de>] ?an fame is our l&'s great "n1 ,& we fight1 :]ev] we be1 ,= ! mo!rs & wives t pray = ! lives ,( ! brave he>ts ov] ! sea4 ,:at is ! r$ on our flag1 boys8 ,! blood ( our h]oes sla91 ,on ! burn+ s&s 9 ! wild wa/e l&s ,& ! fro? ( ! purple ma92 ,& x cries to ,god f ! crimson$ sod ,& ! cre/ ( ! waves outroll$1 ,t ,he s5d u m5 to fight aga9 ,z our fa!rs f\ght ( old4 ,we'll /& by ! de> old flag1 boys1 ,:atev] be said or done1 ,?\gh ! %ots come fa/1 z we face ! bla/1 ,& ! foe be t5 to "o-- ,?\gh our only rew>d be ! ?ru/ ( a sword ,& a bullet 9 he>t or bra94 ,:at matt]s "o gone1 if ! flag float on ,& ,brita9 be ,"l ( ! ma96 --,fr$]ick ,george ,scott ,,! ,,union ,,jack ,x's only a small piece ( bunt+1 ,x's only an old col\r$ rag2 ,yet ?\s&s h di$ = its hon\r1 ,& %$ _! be/ blood = ! flag4 ,x's *>g$ ) ! cross ( ,/4 ,&rew1 ,:i*1 ( old1 ,scotl&'s h]oes has l$2 ,x c>ries ! cross ( ,/4 ,patrick1 ,= :i* ,irel&'s brave/ h bl$4 ,jo9$ ) ^! is our old ,engli% ensign1 ,/4 ,george's r$ cross on :ite field2 ,r\nd :i*1 f ,ri*>d to ,rob]ts1 ,britons conqu] or die1 b ne'er yield4 ,x flutt]s triumphant o'er ocean1 ,z free z ! w9d & ! waves2 ,& bondsm5 f %ackles unloos5$1 ',nea? its %ad[s no long] are slaves4 ,x floats o'er ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,o'er ,canada1 ! ,indies1 ,hong ,kong2 ,& ,britons1 :]e'er _! flag's fly+1 ,claim ! rights :i* to ,britons belong4 ,we hoi/ x to %[ our devotion ,to our ,k+1 our c\ntry1 & laws2 ,x's ! outw>d & visible emblem1 ,( progress & lib]ty's cause4 ,y may say x's an old bit ( bunt+1 ,y may call x an old col\r$ rag2 ,b fre$om has made x maje/ic1 ,& "t has ennobl$ our flag4 ,,=ms ,,iii ,,& ,,iv ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,empire ,,day ,! ex]cises on ,empire ,day may be ext5d$ to include mo/ ( ! subjects on ! "t-table by provid+ int]e/+ problems 9 ^! subjects :i* w1 at ! same "t1 keep ! pupils' att5tion focus$ on ! purpose ( ! day4 ,! purpose ( ,empire ,day may be /at$ briefly3 7#a7 ,to increase ! pupils' k ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,empire2 7#b7 ,to create 9 !m f9e ideals ( a l>g] citiz5%ip2 7#c7 ,to give a feel+ ( responsibility = ,canada's place & "w 9 ! ,empire1 bo? n[ & 9 ! future4 ,,ex]cises ,,sugge/$ #a4 ,9 lit]ature3 ,/udy "o or m ( ! selections 9 ! ,public ,s*ool ,read]s t are suitable2 = example1 9 ! ,,iv ,read]1 pp4 #a1 #di1 #gd1 #aed1 #aee1 #bbg1 #bca1 #bdh1 #cjb1 #ceh1 #dji2 9 ! ,,iii ,read]1 pp4 #ee1 #adj1 #bdf1 #beh1 #bgd4 ,if ^! h be5 /udi$ be=e1 "o or two might be read or recit$ by ! pupils4 ,9 ?is ,manual poems are giv5 7pp4 #gc1 #gd7 t may be us$ 9 ! same way4 ,pamphlets conta9+ suitable matt] = ,empire ,day h be5 s5t out by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education on sev]al occasions4 #b4 ,9 hi/ory3 7a7 ,"s in=mation ab\t ! gr[? ( ! ,empire2 = example1 h[ & :5 ,canada1 ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,s\? ,africa1 or any o!r "p ( ! ,empire 0 add$2 7b7 ,comp>ison ( ! size ( ! ,briti% ,empire ) t ( any e>li] ,empire1 su* z ! ,p]sian1 ,greek1 or ,roman2 7c7 ,! gr[? ( ,great ,brita9's comm]cial & naval supremacy1 on :at x is f\nd$1 :at dang] !re is ( los+ x1 etc42 7d7 ,int]pretation ( ! ,union ,jack1 or ( ! ,canadian ensign4 #c4 ,9 geography3 7a7 ,/ory ( ! ,all-,r$ r\te1 or ( ! ,all-,r$ cable--expla9 ! mean+ ( ,all-,r$ by ref]5ce to ! map2 7b7 ,! sun nev] sets on ! ,briti% flag4 ,make ?is cle> by hav+ pupils notice on ! map t !re are r$ spots1 %[+ ,briti% t]ritory1 on or n v f> f e m]idian l9e2 ,briti% %ips1 too1 are 9 e "p ( ! ocean2 7c7 ,comp>e ! population & area ( ,great ,brita91 ,canada1 ,au/ralia1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,g]many1 ,france1 etc4 #d4 ,9 ari?metic3 ,! pupils may discov] h[ _m p !re are to ! squ>e mile 9 ^! c\ntries2 !y may be ask$ to "w out ! population ,canada w\ld h if %e 7 z d5sely populat$ z ,engl&1 z ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z ,g]many1 etc42 h[ fa/ did ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates increase 9 ! fir/ c5tury aft] ! ,revolution2 :at w ! population ( ,canada be 9 fifty ye>s1 if x increases z rapidly z ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! la/ fifty1 etc42 at ! pres5t rate ( increase1 :5 w ,canada cat* up to ,great ,brita98 ,:5 surpass h]8 ,indicate ?us ! possible position & p[] ( ,canada 9 ! n di/ant future1 9 ord] to deep5 ! s5se ( responsibility = ! use made ( our opportunities4 7,let ! pupils se>* = z mu* ( ! mat]ial ne$$ = ^! calculations z !y c f9d 9 _! text-books47 #e4 ,9 composition3 ,subjects may be giv5 = ei!r oral or writt5 composition2 !y may be reproductions ( "s ( ! ex]cises m5tion$ above1 or may be on topics connect$ ) !m4 #f4 ,9 draw+3 ,pupils may draw ! flag1 or any map ne$$ above4 ,,type ,,lessons ,,=m ,,iv ,,introductory ,z describ$ 9 ! details ( me?od = ,=m ,,iv 7see p4 #bh71 ! ideal me?od ( tea*+ 9 ?is ,=m is ! oral me?od1 :i* means n only ! n>ration ( ! /ory1 b ! pres5tation to ! pupils ( problems connect$ ) ! lesson t ! exp]i5ces ( ! class may help to solve4 ,! full n>ration "h ( ! lessons select$ w\ld be l do+ ov] aga9 ! "w ( ! text-book2 accord+ly1 9 ! majority ( ! lessons1 a topical analysis is all t is giv54 ,! value ( a topical analysis is t x emphasizes ! pr9cipal po9ts t %\ld be describ$ or develop$ &1 m important /ill1 t x assi/s ! pupils to und]/& ! lesson bett]1 t is1 to see m cle>ly ! relation ( cause & effect4 ,! topical analysis w also sugge/ to ! tea*] h[ to prep>e a lesson4 ,!re is no bett] evid5ce t a p]iod ( hi/ory is und]/ood by ! tea*] ?an ! ability to make a cle>1 concise analysis ( x4 ,?is analysis %\ld !n be us$ in/ead ( ! text-book 9 tea*+ ! lesson1 & ! use ( x w1 aft] a little practice has made ! tea*] m exp]t1 contribute1 to a surpris+ degree1 to increas$ int]e/ 9 ! class4 ,,eg]ton ,,ry]son ,"o ( ! objects ( in/ruction 9 civics is to create 9 ! pupils ideals ( citiz5%ip t may influ5ce _! conduct 9 aft] life4 ,! mo/ p[]ful ag5cy to use = ?is object is ! life ( "s useful & patriotic citiz5 :o gave 8 tal5ts & en]gy to ! bett]+ ( 8 c\ntry4 ,9 us+ biography = ?is purpose ! pupils %\ld be giv5 only su* facts z !y c compreh5d1 & ^! facts %\ld be made z real1 vivid1 & int]e/+ z possible by appropriate p]sonal details & concrete description4 ,! foll[+ sket* may s]ve z an example3 ,dr4 ,ry]son1 9 speak+ ( 8 bir? & p>5tage1 said3 ,i 0 born on ,m>* #bd?1 #ahjc1 9 ! t[n%ip ( ,*>lotteville1 ne> ! village ( ,vittoria1 9 ! !n ,london di/rict1 n[ ! ,c\nty ( ,norfolk4 ,my fa!r _h be5 an (fic] 9 ! ,briti% army dur+ ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 be+ a volunte] 9 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales' ,regim5t ( ,new ,j]sey1 ( :i* place he 0 a native4 ,8 =efa!rs 7 f ,holl&1 & 8 m remote ance/ors 7 f ,d5m>k4 ,at ! close ( ! ,am]ican revolution>y w>1 he1 ) _m o!rs ( ! same class1 w5t to ,new ,brunswick1 :]e he m>ri$ my "m1 ^: maid5 "n 0 ,/ickney1 a desc5dant ( "o ( ! e>ly ,massa*usetts ,puritan settl]s4 ,ne> ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 my fa!r ) 8 family foll[$ an eld] bro!r to ,canada1 :]e he drew "s #b1ejj acres ( l& f ! ,gov]nm5t = 8 s]vices 9 ! army1 besides 8 p5sion4 ,ry]son's "m _h a v /rong influ5ce ov] him4 ,%e 0 a v religi\s woman ) a great love = h] *ildr51 & f h] ,eg]ton le>n$ lessons t nev] ceas$ to influ5ce him4 ,aft] tell+ h[ %e treat$ him :5 he _h done some?+ naughty1 he says t ?\gh ?\ghtless & full ( playful mis*ief1 ,i nev] aft]w>ds kn[+ly griev$ my "m1 or gave h] o!r ?an respectful & k9d words4 ,! :ole family _h to "w h>d at cle>+ ! l& & f>m+ x4 ,be=e he 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age he _h pl\gh$ e acre ( gr\nd = ! season1 cradl$ e /alk ( :eat1 rye1 & oats1 & m[$ e spe> ( grass1 pit*$ ! :ole fir/ on a wagon1 & !n f ! wagon to ! haym[ or /ack4 ,?is 0 ! "w t gave him /r5g? & heal? to d ! great ?+s t 7 be=e him4 ,8 ye>s 9 ! di/rict s*ool 7 few1 yet he made su* good use ( !m t :5 he 0 only fifte5 ye>s old he 0 ask$ to take ! place ( "o ( 8 tea*]s dur+ ! latt]'s illness4 ,fur!r in/ruction f tea*]s 0 n giv5 him till he came ( age4 ,!n he w5t to ,hamilton to /udy 9 ! ,gore di/rict gramm> s*ool = "o ye>4 ,"h he /udi$ s /r5u\sly t he 0 seiz$ ) an attack ( bra9 fev]1 :i* 0 foll[$ by inflammation ( ! lungs4 ,8 life 0 despair$ (1 b 8 good con/itution & 8 "m's nurs+ re/or$ him to heal?4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds he began 8 "w z a ,me?odi/ prea*]4 ,:5 tw5ty-?ree ye>s old1 he und]took a mission to ! ,indians at ! ,cr$it & resid$ among !m z "o ( !mselves1 to %[ !m bett] ways ( liv+ & work+4 ,?is is "p ( 8 acc\nt3 ,betwe5 daylight & sunrise1 ,i call$ out f\r ( ! ,indians 9 succession &1 work+ ) !m1 %[$ !m h[ to cle> & f5ce 91 & pl\gh & plant _! fir/ :eat & cornfields4 ,9 ! aft]noon ,i call$ out ! s*oolboys to g ) me1 & cut & pile & burn ! bru%wood 9 & ar\nd ! village4 ,9 #ahbi ,! ,*ri/ian ,gu>dian newspap] 0 organiz$ z ! organ ( ! ,me?odi/s1 & ! "y prea*] plac$ 9 ! editorial *air2 9 #ahda he 0 *os5 ,presid5t ( ,victoria ,college4 ,9 #ahdd ,dr4 ,ry]son 0 appo9t$ ,*ief ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,education = ,upp] ,canada4 ,he imm$iately set himself to awak5 ! c\ntry to a prop] e/imate ( ! importance ( education1 & to improve ! qualifications ( tea*]s4 ,he urg$ ! p to build bett] s*ools & to pay bett] sal>ies1 s t well-qualifi$ tea*]s c\ld be engag$4 ,he visit$ =eign c\ntries to /udy _! sy/ems & me?ods t he might make ! s*ools ( ,upp] ,canada m effici5t4 ,a ,prov9cial ,normal & ,model ,s*ool 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahdg1 bett] books 7 provid$ = ! pupils1 m & bett] app>atus & maps = all s*ools4 ,all ?is 0 done 9 ! face ( _m difficulties inevitable 9 a new c\ntry--popul> ignorance1 apa?y1 lack ( means to build s*ools & support !m1 lack ( "t to att5d !m4 ,! opposition ( _m :o did n set ! same value on education t he himself did _h also to be fac$4 ,) unwe>i$ zeal1 /eadfa/ c\rage1 & unfail+ pati5ce1 he met ^! difficulties4 ,= ov] ?irty ye>s1 he devot$ 8 matur$ manhood & great end[m5ts to ! task ( develop+ a public s5tim5t 9 fav\r ( education1 & ( build+ on sure f\ndations a sy/em ( elem5t>y & second>y s*ools t is ! j pride ( our ,prov9ce & 8 own be/ monum5t4 ,9 #ahgf he resign$ 8 position ( ,*ief ,sup]9t5d5t1 & 0 succe$$ by a ,m9i/] ( ,education4 ,he _h nobly fulfill$ ! promise he made on accept+ (fice 9 #ahdd--to provide = my native c\ntry a sy/em ( education1 & facilities = intellectual improvem5t n second to ^? 9 any c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,he di$ 9 #ahhb4 ,to hon\r him 9 8 dea? z he _h s]v$ x 9 8 life ! :ole c\ntry seem$ assembl$1 9 its repres5tatives1 at 8 fun]al4 ,memb]s ( ! ,legislature1 judges1 ,univ]sity au?orities1 ecclesia/ical dignit>ies1 ?\s&s f ! s*ools :i* he _h f\nd$1 & above all1 ! common p1 = ^: cause he nev] fail$ to /&1 foll[$ to ! grave ! rema9s ( ! great ,canadian :o _h liv$ s fai?fully & well = 8 c\ntry4 ,,note4--,if ! pupils h be5 told ab\t ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs1 & ! ,u4,e4 ,loyali/s1 a review ( ^? /ories w add int]e/ to ?is lesson2 if n1 x w s]ve z an introduction to !m4 ,= a ,=m ,,iv class1 ! foll[+ %\ld be includ$ 9 ! lesson3 ,) ! close ( ! ,w> ( #ahab !re op5$ a new era 9 ! hi/ory ( ,canada4 ,its p _h realiz$ t _! c\ntry 0 wor? fight+ =1 & !y _h def5d$ x successfully4 ,a new int]e/ 9 its political life 0 awak5$1 new movem5ts inaugurat$4 ,^! 7 along ?ree l9es--"o1 political ) responsible gov]nm5t z its object2 ano!r1 religi\s ) equal rights & privileges = all *ur*es z its aim2 a ?ird1 educational ) equal & effici5t in/ruction = all )\t di/9ction ( class or cre$ z its purpose4 ,! fir/ movem5t is kn[n z ! /ruggle = ,responsible ,gov]nm5t--! /ruggle = equal political rights2 ! second1 z ! ,secul>ization ( ! ,cl]gy ,res]ves--! /ruggle = equal religi\s rights2 ! ?ird z ! ,univ]sity ,"q--! /ruggle = non-d5om9ational control ( education4 ,9 ! second & ?ird movem5ts ,dr4 ,ry]son play$ a v prom95t "p &1 because ^! affect$ ! politics ( 8 day1 he took a ke5 int]e/ 9 ! fir/4 ,,note4--,= purposes ( ref]5ce1 consult ,! ,/ory ( ,my ,life by ,dr4 ,ry]son2 ,! ,ry]son ,memorial ,volume by ,dr4 ,j4,g4 ,hodg9s2 ,eg]ton ,ry]son by ,na?aniel ,burwa% 9 ,,! ,,mak]s ,,( ,,canada2 & ,eg]ton ,ry]son by ,j4,h4 ,putnam4 ,,! ,,int]colonial ,,railway ,! lesson may be begun be/ by ref]r+ to ! provisions 9 ! ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica ,act = ! build+ ( ! railway4 7,if ! class kn[s no?+ yet ( ?is ,act1 ref]5ce may be made to ,dom9ion ,day1 & ! ,act associat$ ) x1 by expla9+ ! significance ( ! ,day4 ,! date ( ,conf$]ation1 #ahfg1 may be writt5 on ! bo>d = ref]5ce47 ,9 ! ,b4,n4,a4 ,act1 x 0 provid$ t ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t %\ld build a railway connect+ ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ) ,halifax1 to be comm5c$ )9 six mon?s aft] ! ,union4 ,tea*]4--,did y notice ! two places t 7 to be connect$ by ! road8 ,pupil4--,!y 7 ,halifax & ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv]4 ,t4--,:y d y ?9k ,halifax 0 *os5 z "o t]m9us8 ,p4--,because x is ne> ! sea4 ,t4--,well1 ,quebec is n f> f ! sea ei!r4 ,p4--,x is ! ne>e/ port = ocean-go+ /eam]s4 ,t4--,d y "k :at happ5s to ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce e w9t]8 ,p4--,x freezes up4 ,t4--,yes4 ,x is froz5 ov] = ab\t f\r mon?s 9 ! w9t]1 & ocean-go+ vessels _c use ! riv] !n1 s ,halifax 0 *os5 z a good w9t] port on ! ,atlantic4 ,n[1 :at place on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce w\ld be *os5 z ! o!r t]m9us8 ,p4--,mo/ likely ei!r ,quebec or ,montreal4 ,t4--,we c tell bett] a little lat] :i* "o 0 actually *os54 ,"h is a ?+ t ,i want y to ?9k ab\t4 ,:y %\ld !y build ! railway j to ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce8 ,7 !re _m p liv+ 9 ,upp] ,canada fifty ye>s ago8 ,p4--,yes1 z _m p z !re 7 9 ,quebec prov9ce4 ,t4--,really !re 7 ab\t #bej1jjj m "h ?an 9 ,quebec4 ,h[ w\ld ! p "h %ip _! goods 9 ! w9t]8 ,h[ d we s5d our goods to ,europe n[ 9 w9t]8 7,sev]al sugge/ions 7 made4 ,f9ally x 0 /at$ t we c\ld %ip by wat] 9 summ]1 & by rail 9 w9t]47 ,t4--,y "k t !re are "s rapids on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce be=e we rea* ,montreal4 ,h[ d we manage ab\t !m8 ,p4--,by us+ ! canals4 ,t4--,h[ c we %ip by rail8 ,p4--,by us+ ! ,gr& ,trunk or ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway4 ,t4--,n[1 ,i %all h to tell y some?+ ab\t ! canals & ! fir/ railway f ,upp] ,canada4 ,!re 7 sev]al canals already built on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce3 ! ,la*9e1 ,well&1 & o!rs4 ,9 fact1 we _h sp5t ab\t #a1ejj1jjj on canals be=e ,conf$]ation4 ,! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway 0 runn+ f ,s>nia to ,quebec city by #ahef1 j elev5 ye>s be=e ,conf$]ation4 7,h a pupil trace ! l9e f ,s>nia to ,quebec1 s t ! class may see h[ mu* ( ,upp] ,canada 0 s]v$ by ! ,gr& ,trunk47 ,c y tell me n[ :at place on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce w\ld be tak5 z ! we/]n t]m9us ( ! new railway8 ,p4--,yes1 ,quebec w\ld be ! "o4 ,t4--,:y8 ,p4--,because ! p ( ,upp] ,canada _h ways already = s5d+ _! goods z f> z ,quebec city4 ,t4--,! next po9t to ?9k ab\t is--,h[ _h ,canada be5 %ipp+ h] goods across ! sea 9 w9t] be=e ?is8 7,sev]al sugge/ions 7 made4 ,we w\ld h to keep ev]y?+ till ! next summ]4 ,we w\ld h to use ice-boats4 ,objections 7 rais$ to ^! me?ods to %[ t !y 7 impossible4 ,f9ally "o pupil ?\ght t we c\ld s5d our freight ?r\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates47 ,t4--,well1 :y did ! p n cont9ue do+ t1 in/ead ( want+ to build a railway ( _! own8 ,p4--,! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld likely make !m pay = do+ x4 ,t4--,let me expla9 ab\t t4 ,9 #ahed1 a treaty _h be5 made betwe5 ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 call$ ! ,reciprocity ,treaty1 by :i* ! two c\ntries ex*ang$ _! goods freely4 ,?is treaty 0 end$ 9 #ahff1 & ! p ( ,canada _h to dep5d m on !mselves4 ,besides1 !re 0 a good deal ( tr\ble betwe5 ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 aris+ out ( ! ,civil ,w> 9 ! latt] c\ntry1 :i* _h j end$4 7,! pupils are told "h ab\t ! ,tr5t & ,alabama affairs1 & ! ,f5ian raids ( #ahff47 ,! p at t "t 7 afraid t !re might be w> betwe5 ! two c\ntries &1 ( c\rse1 t w\ld br+ ,canada into ! tr\ble4 ,d y see n[ :y a railway 0 ne$$ f ,quebec to ,halifax8 ,p4--,because !re 0 dang] ( w>1 & because ! ,unit$ ,/ates might int]f]e ) ,canadian trade4 ,t4--,!re 7 bo? milit>y & comm]cial reasons4 ,we h f\nd n[ :y ! road 0 to run f ,halifax to ,quebec1 & :y x _h to be built at t "t4 ,! next ?+ to f9d out is--,:]e x 0 to be built4 ,if y 7 a railway contractor & _h to build ! road )\t ?9k+ ( any?+ b gett+ x done1 :at r\te w\ld y be likely to foll[8 ,p4--,i ?9k ,i %\ld take ! %orte/ way4 ,t4--,:]e w\ld ! road g !n8 7,h a pupil place a rul] on ! map f ,quebec to ,halifax47 ,tell :]e x w\ld run4 ,p4--,?r\gh ,quebec ,prov9ce1 ! ,/ate ( ,ma9e1 ,new ,brunswick1 & ,nova ,scotia4 ,t4--,w\ld ! p build x along t l9e8 ,don't =get ! reasons = build+ x at all4 ,p4--,!y w\ldn't g ?r\gh ! ,/ate ( ,ma9e1 because t is 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,t4--,:at is ! next way !y might ?9k (8 ,p4--,! next %orte/ way s z to keep 9 ,canada4 ,t4--,:]e w\ld t be8 7,pupil comes up & tells f ! map47 ,p4--,f ,quebec city ?r\gh ,quebec1 along ! edge ( ,ma9e1 into ,new ,brunswick & ,nova ,scotia4 ,t4--,w\ld !y take t way8 ,p4--,no1 because x is too ne> ! bord] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,t4--,:y d y say too ne>8 ,p4--,if !re 0 w>1 soldi]s f ! ,unit$ ,/ates might come ov] & wreck ! railway4 ,!y might dynamite ! bridges or te> up ! rails4 ,t4--,z a matt] ( fact1 !y did n take t way4 ,:at r\te c\ld be tak5 to prev5t any tr\ble ( t k9d8 ,p4--,!y w\ld /ay z f> f ! bord] z possible4 ,t4--,:]e w\ld t be8 7,pupil comes to ! map to f9d out47 ,p4--,!y w\ld h to foll[ ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce = "s di/ance4 ,t4--,h[ f>8 ,p4--,"r d[n to ! o!r side ( ,new ,brunswick4 ,!n d[n to ,halifax4 ,t4--,w\ld t be ! *eape/ l9e to build8 ,p4--,x w\ld co/ m1 because x is long] ?an ! o!rs4 ,t4--,x is really #ach miles long] ?an ! next %orte/4 ,:i* ( ! reasons we h m5tion$ w\ld make !m want to keep z f> f ! bord] z !y c\ld8 ,p4--,! milit>y reason4 ,t4--,:i* c\ntry1 ,canada or ,brita91 w\ld be ! mo/ int]e/$ 9 ! milit>y consid]ations8 ,p4--,brita91 because ,canada dep5d$ on h] = protection4 ,t4--,is !re any o!r reason1 "o connect$ ) ! co/8 ,:]e w\ld ! money come f8 ,p4--,brita9 w\ld likely h to supply a good "p ( x4 ,t4--,:y8 ,p4--,because !re 7 n v _m p "h !n4 ,t4--,yes1 we h to borr[ a good deal ( money = su* purposes ev5 yet4 ,! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t 0 to supply ! money = ! railway1 & w\ld want to h some?+ to say z to :]e x 0 to be built4 ,! pupils c\ld n[ be ask$ to discov] f ! map ! *ief places on ! l9e ( ! railway4 ,h !m writt5 on ! bo>d4 ,! tea*] w\ld add "s in=mation ab\t ! l5g? ( ! l9e 7#a1dej miles71 & ! total co/ 7#hj1jjj1jjj74 ,he might also ref] to ! fact t ! fe> ( w> t caus$ t r\te to be foll[$ 0 n realiz$1 t ! ,int]colonial did good s]vice 9 br++ ! prov9ces clos] toge!r1 & t o!r railways h s9ce be5 built on ! two reject$ r\tes1 namely1 ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway & ! ,gr& ,trunk ,pacific4 ,! facts ( ! lesson %\ld !n be gone ov] aga91 foll[+ ! black-bo>d outl9e t has be5 made z ! lesson proce$s4 ,,black-,,bo>d ,,outl9e #a4 ,provision 9 ! ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica ,act = ! build+ ( ! road #b4 ,reasons = build+ ! road 7a7 ,milit>y 7b7 ,comm]cial #c4 ,selection ( ! r\te 7a7 ,r\tes t 7 possible 7b7 ,reasons = ! f9al *oice #d4 ,facts ab\t ! road 7a7 ,pr9cipal places on ! road 7b7 ,bran*es ( ! road 7c7 ,l5g? & co/ #e4 ,value ( ! road to ! new ,dom9ion ,! class may be ask$ aft]w>ds to draw a map %[+ ! r\te & ! *ief comm]cial c5tres s]v$ by ! railway4 ,,indu/rial ,,revolution ,,9 ,,engl&1 #agfj-ahjj4 ,,note4--,?is lesson %\ld be prec$$ by an in=mation lesson on ! mak+ ( cotton goods--! mat]ial1 h[ & :]e ! raw mat]ial is gr[n1 h[ x is h>ve/$1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 sp9n+ & weav+1 ! mean+ ( w>p & wo(4 ,! aim ( ?is lesson is to %[ h[ a rem>kable s]ies ( inv5tions *ang$ completely ! processes ( manufactur+1 made ,engl& ! greate/ manufactur+ nation 9 ! _w1 & gave h] a s\rce ( weal? t enabl$ h] to c>ry on ! co/ly w>s aga9/ ,napoleon4 ,! half c5tury ( ?is revolution is "o ( ! mo/ important 9 ,engli% hi/ory1 on acc\nt ( ! results 9 me?ods ( transportation1 9 agriculture1 9 social conditions1 etc41 & x is almo/ impossible to h a satisfactory k ( succe$+ hi/ory )\t und]/&+ ?is p]iod4 ,x is = ?is reason t x is treat$ at su* l5g?4 ,?is may be divid$ into z _m lessons z ! tea*] wi%es4 ,! dates giv5 are n int5d$ to be memoriz$ by ! pupils2 !y are introduc$ simply to emphasize ! ord] ( ! inv5tions4 ,to emphasize fur!r ! sequ5ce1 ! class may be ask$ at ea* /ep :at inv5tion w\ld be ne$$ next4 ,! oral me?od--bo? pure n>rative1 & developm5t--is suppos$ to be us$4 #a4 ,dome/ic ,sy/em ( ,manufacture4--,be=e #agfj ! manufacture ( cotton goods 0 c>ri$ on 9 ! homes ( ! p4 ,a sp9n] w\ld procure a supply ( raw cotton f ! deal] & c>ry x home1 :]e1 ) ! help ( 8 family1 he w\ld sp9 x into ?reads or y>n & return x to ! deal]4 ,! sp9n+ 0 all done by h& or foot-p[] on a :eel t requir$ "o p]son to run x1 & t w\ld make only "o ?read at a "t4 ,! weav+ 0 also done at home4 ,because ( ! use ( ,kay's fly+ %uttle 7#agcb71 ! dem& ( ! weav]s = y>n 0 great] ?an ! sp9n]s c\ld supply1 because "o weav] c\ld use ! product ( _m sp9n]s1 & !re 0 great ne$ ( f9d+ "s way ( produc+ y>n m rapidly1 to keep ! weav]s busy4 #b4 ,h>greaves' ,sp9n+-j5ny4--,! fir/ important inv5tion ( ! p]iod 0 ! sp9n+-j5ny ( ,h>greaves 7#agfd74 ,?is man 0 an ord9>y sp9n]1 & ! /ory is told t "o day1 :5 he 0 return+ f ! deal] ) a fre% supply ( cotton1 he came home be=e 8 wife expect$ him4 ,supp] 0 n ready1 & 9 h] ha/e to rise to prep>e x1 %e ov]turn$ ! :eel :5 x 0 /ill 9 motion4 ,h>greaves1 ent]+ at t mom5t1 notic$ t ! sp9dle1 usually horizontal1 0 n[ revolv+ 9 an upright position4 ,?is gave him ! idea1 & a %ort "t aft]w>ds he inv5t$ a ma*9e ) :i* "o p]son c\ld sp9 sev]al ?reads at once 7at fir/ eight74 ,f x has be5 develop$ ! complicat$ ma*9]y = sp9n+ us$ to-day4 #c4 ,arkwright's ,sp9n+-frame or ,wat]-frame4 ,sir ,ri*>d ,arkwright inv5t$1 9 #agga1 a ma*9e t accompli%$ ! :ole process ( sp9n+1 ! work] m]ely fe$+ ! ma*9e & ty+ breaks 9 ! ?read4 ,?is ma*9e 0 run by wat]-p[]1 ?us do+ away ) h&-p[] & all[+ ! op]ator to att5d entirely to ! sp9n+4 #d4 ,! ,mule4 ,9 #aggi1 ,crompton inv5t$ a mule1 by :i* ?reads ( a f9] & /rong] quality c\ld be spun1 & ?us made x possible to weave any grade ( clo?4 #e4 ,! ,p[]-loom4 ,! sp9n]s 7 n[ able to keep ahead ( ! weav]s1 till ,c>twright inv5t$1 9 #aghe1 a p[]-loom t enabl$ ! weav]s to "w fa/] & use all ! ?read t ! sp9n]s c\ld make4 #f4 ,! ,/eam-eng9e4 ,^! ma*9es 7 run by h& or wat]-p[]4 ,9 #aghe1 ,watts' /eam-eng9e1 inv5t$ sev]al ye>s be=e ?is1 0 us$ 9 ! manufacture ( cotton1 & manufactur]s 7 n[ able to use all ! raw mat]ial !y c\ld get4 ,! use ( /eam in/ead ( wat]-p[] l$ to ! build+ ( factories 9 cities1 :]e lab\r 0 pl5tiful & transportation facilities good4 ,?is meant l>ge cities4 #g4 ,! ,cotton-g94 ,cotton _h to be clean$ ( its se$s be=e x c\ld be us$ 9 ! factory4 ,?is _h to be done by h&1 :i* greatly h9d]$ ! supply ( raw mat]ial4 ,a good deal ( ! raw cotton came f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! plant]s !re grew no m ?an c\ld be clean$ & sold4 ,9 #agib1 ,eli ,:itney1 an ,am]ican1 inv5t$ ! cotton-g91 by :i* ! cotton c\ld be clean$ ( its se$ v quickly4 ,=m]ly a workman c\ld clean by h& only five p\nds ( cotton a week2 by ! saw-g9 five hundr$ p\nds c\ld be clean$ 9 an h\r4 7,if a cotton-boll c be procur$1 ! pupils w soon discov] h[ difficult x is to sep>ate ! se$s f ! cotton47 ,m cotton 0 !n gr[n1 because x c\ld be sold to ! factories1 & ,engl& 0 able to get all %e requir$ to keep ! factories go+4 ,x may be add$ "h t ! increase 9 cotton gr[+ requir$ m h&s = its cultivation2 at t "t1 ?is meant m slaves2 ! cotton-g9 0 !re=e a l>ge factor 9 ! slave tr\bles 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates t l$ to ! ,civil ,w>4 #h4 ,coal-m9+ & ,smelt+4 ,^! ma*9es 7 made ( iron1 & coal 0 ne$$ to run ! eng9es & to smelt ! iron4 ,!re 0 pl5ty ( coal 9 ,engl&1 b v little 0 m9$ until ! /eam pump 0 br\ght into use to keep ! m9es cle> ( wat]4 ,:5 ?is 0 done1 m m5 w5t to "w 9 ! m9es to get out ! great] am\nt ( coal t 0 n[ ne$$4 ,!re 0 also pl5ty ( iron ore 9 ,engl&1 & be=e ?is x _h be5 smelt$ by means ( *>coal1 :i* is made f wood4 ,?is sl[ & wa/eful me?od 0 foll[$ until ,roebuck inv5t$ a process ( smelt+ by coal1 & ?us made possible a pl5tiful supply ( iron = ! manufacture ( ! ma*9es4 #i4 ,! ,safety ,lamp4 ,coal-m9+ 0 a dang]\s occupation1 because ( ! fire-damp t is g5]at$ 9 m9es4 ,! op5 lamps us$ by ! m9]s (t5 caus$ ?is gas to explode & _m m5 lo/ _! lives !reby4 ,to rem$y ?is1 ,sir ,humphrey ,davy inv5t$ ! safety lamp 9 #ahae1 :i* gave ! m9]s ! light !y ne$$ & prev5t$ ^! explosions4 #aj4 ,transportation4 ,n[ t !re 0 s mu* manufactur+ c>ri$ on1 p turn$ _! att5tion to ways ( transport+ ! goods to :]e !y 7 ne$$4 ,! roads 7 g5]ally wret*$1 & 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry goods _h to be c>ri$ on ! backs ( horses1 z ! roads 7 n fit = :eels4 ,macadam1 by us+ brok5 /one to =m ! road-cru/ or surface1 br\ght ab\t a great improvem5t 9 road-mak+4 7,%[ pictures ( old-"t roads & ( ! roads to-day47 ,transportation by wat] 0 difficult by reasons ( ! ob/ructions 9 riv]s4 ,to ov]come ^!1 canals 7 dug4 ,! fir/ "o 0 made 9 #agfa betwe5 "s coal-m9es & ! t[n ( ,man*e/]4 ,be=e #ahjj _m m 7 dug1 & transportation became mu* easi]4 #aa4 ,agriculture4 ,! numb] ( p engag$ 9 ! factories 0 increas+ & ^! c\ld n gr[ _! own food4 ,?is made x necess>y = ! f>m]s to increase _! output4 ,f>ms became l>g]2 bett] me?ods ( cultivation 7 us$2 w9t] roots 7 gr[n1 mak+ x possible to raise bett] cattle2 f]tiliz]s 7 us$ 9 great] quantities1 & ! rotation ( crops 0 introduc$ to prev5t ! exhau/ion ( ! soil4 #ab4 ,social ,conditions4 ,out ( ! factory sy/em grew ! division ( classes into capital & lab\r1 ! /ruggle betwe5 :i* is ! great problem ( to-day4 ,x 0 !n t lab\r unions came into exi/5ce4 ,we see1 z a result ( ^! inv5tions1 t ,engl& 0 *ang$ f an agricultural c\ntry to a l& ( l>ge manufactur+ cities1 & became ! *ief manufactur+ c5tre ( ! _w1 able to supply money to defeat ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 :o is cr$it$ ) ! /atem5t t x 0 n ,engl&'s armies t defeat$ him1 b h] sp9dles4 ,,note4--,! tea*] may ref] to "s ( ! mod]n social problems result+ 9 l>ge "p f ?is indu/rializ+ ( ! c\ntry3 ov]cr[d+ 9 cities1 bad h\s+ & slums1 urban & suburban transportation1 educational problems1 intemp]ance1 decrease 9 physique1 etc4 7,= ! hi/ory ( ?is p]iod1 see ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,briti% ,nation1 by ,a4,d4 ,innes1 ,t4,c4 ,e4,c4 ,jack1 ,ed9burgh47 ,,! ,,road ,,to ,,ca?ay ,! aim ( ?is lesson is to %[ h[ ! desire ( c]ta9 ,european nations to f9d a we/]n r\te to ! ri* c\ntries ( ! ,ea/--,india1 ,ca?ay1 & ,cipango 7,india1 ,*9a1 & ,japan7--l$ to ! discov]y & subsequ5t exploration ( ,am]ica4 ,x c be us$ z a review lesson on ! exploration ( ,canada4 ,x w also give ! pupil practice 9 collect+ in=mation f v>i\s s\rces s z to %[ ! developm5t ( hi/ory along a c]ta9 l9e4 ,! subject-matt] may be divid$ into z _m lessons z ! tea*] ?9ks be/1 & ! oral me?od %\ld be us$4 ,all ! dates giv5 are n int5d$ to be memoriz$2 !y are us$ to %[ ! hi/orical sequ5ce2 only ?ree or f\r ( ! mo/ important ne$ be committ$ to memory by ! class at _! pres5t /age4 ,! map %\ld be us$ frequ5tly4 ,,! ,,lesson ,"o ( ! results ( ! ,crusades 0 to reveal to ! ,european nations ! weal? ( ! ,ea/4 ,trade betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ,we/ grew1 & ,v5ice became "o ( ! weal?ie/ & mo/ p[]ful ( ! /ates ( ,europe4 ,9 #abie1 a ,v5etian travell] nam$ ,m>co ,polo return$ f ,ca?ay aft] an abs5ce ( tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,8 /ories ( ! weal? 9 silks1 spices1 pe>ls1 etc41 ( ^? ea/]n c\ntries int5sifi$ ! desire ( ! ,we/ to trade ) !m4 ,a great comm]ce soon grew up1 c>ri$ on pr9cipally by ! great ,italian cities--,v5ice1 ,flor5ce1 ,g5oa1 ,pisa1 ,milan--& z ^! cities controll$ ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! only r\te to ,asia !n kn[n1 !y _h a monopoly ( ! ,ea/]n trade1 & kept = a "t ! o!r we/]n nations--,spa91 ,portugal1 ,france1 & ,engl&--f %>+ 9 x4 ,^! nations1 animat$ by ! hope ( ga9 & by ! _s ( adv5ture & exploration1 c\ld n long be d5i$ _! %>e4 ,?is _s 0 /imulat$ by ! introduction ( ! m>9]'s compass1 :i* af=d$ sailors a saf] guide ?an l&m>ks & />s2 by ! inv5tion ( gunp[d] & ! use ( cannon1 :i*1 ?r\gh less5+ ! /r5g? ( ! m$ival ca/le1 t5d$ to increase ! p[] ( ! middle classes2 & by ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 :i* aid$ greatly 9 ! diffusion ( k4 ,! problem 0 to f9d a r\te by :i* to trade ) ,india & ,*9a4 ,place ! map ( ! _w be=e ! pupils & inquire h[ m5 travel to-day f ,great ,brita9 to ,india4 ,%[ t ^! r\tes 7 n feasible !n4 ,! r\te ?r\gh ! ,m$it]ranean to ,asia ,m9or & !nce ov]l&1 or ?r\gh ! ,r$ ,sea to ,india1 0 clos$ by ! ,turks1 :o captur$ ,con/ant9ople 9 #adec4 ,! ,suez ,canal 0 n op5$ till #ahfi4 ,! way r\nd ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope 0 n discov]$ till #adig4 ,! we/]n r\te across ! ,atlantic & ! ,pacific 0 unkn[n4 ,n till ! clos+ ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7 ! attempts to solve ?is problem successful4 ,! discov]y ( ! r\te to ,india by ,vasco de ,gama 9 #adig fir/ op5$ ! way to ! ,ea/1 ?\gh ! /ill e>li] discov]y by ,columbus 0 to af=d1 9 lat] ye>s1 a mu* m complete solution4 ,*ri/oph] ,columbus 0 a native ( ,g5oa 9 ,italy4 ,an eag] /ud5t ( geography1 he became conv9c$ t ! e>? 0 a sph]e or globe & n a flat surface4 ,he believ$ t he c\ld rea* ,india & ,ca?ay by sail+ we/1 z well z by go+ ea/ ?r\gh ! ,m$it]ranean--a r\te t _h be5 clos$ s9ce ! capture ( ,con/ant9ople by ! ,turks 9 #adec4 ,?is gr& idea1 toge!r ) 8 s]vices 9 c>ry+ x out1 he (f]$ fir/ to 8 mo!rl& ( ,g5oa4 ,b ,g5oa did n want a new r\te to ! ,ea/4 ,!n he turn$1 b 9 va91 to ,portugal4 ,! hopes ( ,portugal 7 set ^u a passage ar\nd ! s\? ( ,africa4 ,to ,engl& & to ,france ,columbus held out 8 wondr\s (f]2 b ^! c\ntries 7 sl[ & unbeliev+4 ,x 0 to ,spa9 he made 8 mo/ p]si/5t appeal2 & ,spa91 to 8 imp]i%able glory1 gave e>4 ,?r\gh ! self-d5ial & devotion ( ,que5 ,isabella ( ,ca/ile he 0 enabl$ to put 8 dream to ! te/4 ,a special lesson %\ld be giv5 on ! life ( ,columbus--8 ef=ts1 p]sev]ance1 c\rage1 failures1 successes4 ,! tea*] may add at w to ! facts giv5 "h4 ,read ,joaqu9 ,mill]'s ,poem1 ,columbus1 ,high ,s*ool ,read]1 pp4 #adc-ade4 ,:5 ,columbus l&$ on ! isl&-fr+e ( ,am]ica 9 #adib1 he ?\ght he _h f\nd :at he _h set out to f9d--! ea/]n c\ntry ( ,india2 & he believ$ x all 8 life4 ,?is idea surviv$ = sev]al g5]ations1 p>tly because ( ! great weal? ( ,mexico & ,p]u4 ,:5 ,europeans 7 at la/ conv9c$ t x 0 n ,india1 !y began aga9 to seek a way to ! ,ea/1 & look$ on ! cont95t ( ,am]ica m]ely z an ob/acle 9 _! pa?4 ,to f9d ! road to ,ca?ay 0 /ill _! *ief ambition4 ,9 #adig1 ,john ,cabot1 "u a *>t] f ,h5ry ,,vii ( ,engl&1 set out to f9d a way to ! ,ea/1 & l&$ on ,nor? ,am]ica2 9 #adih1 8 son1 ,seba/ian ,cabot1 explor$ ! coa/ f ,labrador to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ) ! same object4 ,9 #aecd1 on 8 fir/ voyage1 ,c>ti] ?\ght1 :5 he arriv$ at ,gasp & saw ! great riv] com+ f ! we/1 t he _h discov]$ ! gateway to ! ,ea/4 ,) ! same object 9 view1 ,*ampla91 9 #afji1 explor$ ! ,ri*elieu ,riv] & ,lake ,*ampla94 ,9 #afac1 he li/5$1 only to be deceiv$1 to ! /ory ( ,vignau ab\t a way to ! ,ea/ up ! ,ottawa ,riv] to a l>ge lake & into ano!r riv] t w\ld lead to ! ,we/]n ,sea4 ,h5ry ,hudson made f\r voyages 9 se>* ( a way ?r\gh or r\nd ! cont95t4 ,on ! fir/1 second1 & f\r?1 he tri$ to g r\nd by a ,nor?-we/ or a ,nor?-ea/ passage4 ,on ! ?ird voyage1 9 #afji1 he sail$ up ! ,hudson ,riv] = #aej miles1 only to f9d 8 way block$4 ,a curi\s fact is t on ?is voyage he mu/1 at "o "t1 h be5 only ab\t tw5ty leagues f ,*ampla91 :5 ! latt] 0 explor+ ,lake ,*ampla9 on ! same err&4 7,%[ ?is on ! map47 ,on 8 f\r? voyage1 9 #afaj1 ,hudson discov]$ ! bay t n[ be>s 8 "n1 & he mu/ h ?\ght1 :5 he saw t great /ret* ( wat] to ! ,we/1 t he 0 at la/ successful4 ,he w9t]$ !re1 & :5 ! ice broke up 9 ! spr+1 8 m5 mut9i$ & set him1 8 "y son1 & two companions1 adrift 9 a boat1 & !y 7 nev] he>d ( aga94 7,see ,! ,/ory ( ! ,briti% ,p pp4 #bcd-bce47 ,! ,mississippi 0 long look$ ^u z a possible way to ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,la ,salle explor$ ! great lakes & ! ,ohio1 ,ill9ois1 & ,mississippi ,riv]s4 ,?is la/ he f\nd to fl[ s\? into ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 in/ead ( we/ into ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,8 settlem5t on ,montreal ,isl& 0 call$ ,la ,*9e 7! ,fr5* ^w = ,*9a71 9 allusion to 8 desire to f9d ! way to t c\ntry4 ,lat]1 o!rs 7 l$ by ! same desire to explore ! we/]n "p ( :at is n[ ,canada4 ,vr5drye1 9 #agca1 travell$ f ,lake ,nepigon by way ( ,ra9y ,lake1 ! ,w9nipeg ,riv]1 & ! ,r$ ,riv]1 to ! junction ( ! latt] ) ! ,ass9ibo9e1 :]e ,w9nipeg n[ /&s2 also up ! ,saskat*ewan ,riv] to ! ,=ks4 ,8 son1 9 #agdb1 explor$ ! ,miss\ri ,riv] & came )9 sight ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,m5 ( ! ,hudson's ,bay ,company & ( ! ,nor?-,we/ ,company--,mack5zie1 ,fras]1 ,?ompson1 ,simpson1 ,he>ne--amid great h>d%ips & ?r\gh ?rill+ adv5tures1 cont9u$ ! "w ( explor+ ! wat]ways ( ! ,we/ to f9d an op5+ to ! ,pacific4 ,x has rema9$ to ! p ( ,canada to conqu] ! passes ( ! ,rockies & ,selkirks1 build great transcont95tal railways & /eam%ip l9es1 & ?us af=d a direct %ort r\te f ,europe to ,ca?ay4 ,:at m5 _h /riv5 = dur+ m ?an f\r hundr$ ye>s x has be5 our lot to accompli%4 ,o!r topics ( int]e/ sugge/$ by ! lesson may be tak5 up aft]w>ds2 = example1 ! op5+ ( ! ,suez ,canal & its effect on trade--:y x did n re/ore supremacy to ! ,italian cities2 ! op5+ ( ! ,panama ,canal & its probable effect on comm]ce2 ! reasons :y m]*ants pref] wat] r\tes to l& r\tes1 etc4 ,,topical ,,analysis ,,( ,,lesson ,,on ,,! ,,armada ,! purpose ( ?is lesson is to %[ h[ to con/ruct a topical outl9e ( an important ev5t 9 hi/ory4 ,x is assum$ t ! tea*] w use1 9 prep>+ simil> lessons1 a l>g] hi/ory ( ,brita9 ?an ! ,public ,s*ool text-book1 9 ord] t ! class may be ask$1 aft] ! lesson is taught1 to read 9 _! text-books an acc\nt some:at diff]5t 9 treatm5t f t ( ! tea*]4 ,! head+s %\ld %[ ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts & %\ld be concise4 ,! small] pr9t indicates ! facts t ! brief head+s %\ld recall to ! pupils aft] ! lesson4 ,! ev5ts prec$+ ! com+ ( ! ,armada are sugge/$ "h among ! causes4 ,^! head+s may be plac$ on ! black-bo>d z ! lesson proce$s2 !y may be sugge/$ by ei!r tea*] or pupils4 ,! actual tea*+ %\ld be by bo? n>rative & developm5t me?ods4 ,= ! tea*]'s use a v int]e/+ & tru/wor?y book is ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,briti% ,nation1 by ,a4,d4 ,innes1 ,t4,c4 ,e4,c4 ,jack1 ,ed9burgh4 ,i4 ,,causes #a4 ,political4--7a7 ,ambition ( ,philip to rule ,europe2 *ief ob/acles 7 ,engl&1 ,france1 ,! ,ne!rl&s4 7,! opposition ( ,france 0 ov]come by a treaty & by ! m>riage ( ,philip & ,isabella ( ,france aft] ,elizabe? _h refus$ ,philip's (f] ( m>riage4 ,! ,ne!rl&s 7 9 full revolt & c\ld n be conqu]$ ev5 by ! cruelties ( ,alva & ! de/ruction ( _! comm]ce4 ,engl& 0 ! *ief ,prote/ant p[] 9 ,europe &1 z su*1 0 ! *ief oppon5t ( ,spa947 7b7 ,! m>riage tr\ble2 ,elizabe?'s religi\s policy broke (f negotiations ( m>riage ) ,philip4 7c7 ,philip receiv$ z a legacy ! rights ( ,m>y ,que51 ( ,scots to ! ,engli% ?rone4 #b4 ,comm]cial4--,int]f]5ce ( ! ,engli% 9 ! ,new ,_w1 to :i* ,spa9 claim$ sole "r4 7,?is includes ! ,engli% settlem5ts z well z ! capture ( ,spani% treasure %ips4 ,recall /ories ( ,drake1 ,hawk9s1 etc47 #c4 ,religi\s4--,philip 0 ! *ief support] ( ,roman ,ca?olicism 9 ,europe1 & wi%$ to impose 8 religion on ,engl&4 7,?is 0 ! p]iod ( compulsion 9 religi\s matt]s47 ,,ii4 ,,ev5ts #a4 ,prep>ations 9 ,spa9 & ,engl&4 7,spa9 set ab\t prep>+ a l>ge fleet1 to c>ry soldi]s z well z sailors4 ,! be/ ,spani% g5]al 0 9 comm& at fir/4 ,8 dea? put an incapable man 9 comm&1 :o 0 l>gely responsible = ! defeat4 ,! ,duke ( ,p>ma 0 to co-op]ate f ! ,ne!rl&s ) a l>ge army4 ,9 ,engl&1 ! small battle fleet 0 increas$ by ! volunt>y contributions ( all classes till x actually outnumb]$ ! ,spani% fleet1 ?\gh ! vessels 7 v mu* small]4 ,a comp>ison ( ! fleets z !y 7 on ! eve ( battle %\ld be made47 #b4 ,diff]5ce 9 ! national _s 9 ! two c\ntries4 7,! ,spani% 7 on an exp$ition ( conque/2 ! sailors 7 ill-tra9$ & _m s]v+ aga9/ _! w4 ,! ,engli% 7 def5d+ _! homes2 !y =got _! religi\s & political diff]5ces 9 _! patriotism2 ! sailors 7 h>dy1 fe>less1 & mo/ skilful 9 h&l+ _! %ips47 #c4 ,! affair at ,cadiz4 7,ret>d$ ! invasion = a ye>1 gave ,engl& m "t = prep>ation1 & enc\rag$ hopes ( success47 #d4 ,! battle 9 ! ,*annel4 7,armada attack$ on ! way to ,dov]1 ,july #bh-;,aug4 #f1 #aehh2 fire%ips at ,calais1 ,aug4 #f2 f9al engagem5t1 ,aug4 #h-i2 a *ance = a vivid description by ! tea*]47 #e4 ,/orm completes ! ru9 ( ! ,armada4 7,facts to be giv5 z to ! losses ( ! ,armada2 recall /ories ( wreck$ ,spani% vessels on ! coa/s ( ,scotl&1 etc41 & recomm5d class to read "s /ory1 su* z ,k+sley's ,we/w>d ,ho67 ,,iii4 ,,results #a4 ,ru9 ( ,spa9 & ( ,philip's ambitions4 ,connect ) ,i4 #a 7a7 #b4 ,influ5ce on ,engl&'s patriotism & m>itime p[]4 #c4 ,great] religi\s tol]ance 9 ,engl&4 #d4 ,m>vell\s gr[? ( lit]ature 9 ,engl& p>tly due to ?is4 #e4 ,effect on ,am]ica4 ,x decid$ = all "t t ,spa9 %\ld n rule ! ,new ,_w1 b t ! ,anglo-,saxons %\ld1 ) all _! ideals ( political1 social1 & religi\s lib]ty4 7,see ,p4,s4 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 secs4 #ace-adb47 ,,lesson ,,on ,,! ,,feudal ,,sy/em 7,z _m lesson p]iods z may be f\nd desirable7 ,aim4 ,to give ! pupils a k ( ! mann] 9 :i* l& 0 held1 7#a7 by ! ,saxons at diff]5t p]iods on ! cont95t & 9 ,engl&2 7#b7 by ! ,fr5*2 7#c7 by ! ,normans "u ,william ! ,conqu]or1 %[+ ! *anges he made 9 bo? ,saxon & ,fr5* sy/ems4 ,,/ep ,i #a4 ,introduction4 ,by que/ion+1 ! tea*] elicits f "o pupil t 8 fa!r owns a f>m2 f ano!r1 t 8 fa!r r5ts a f>m2 f a ?ird1 t 8 fa!r works "o on %>es4 ,f ?is may be d]iv$ ! mean+ ( freehold1 leasehold1 & on %>es1 z appli$ to ways ( hold+ l&4 ,= t[n & city classes1 a p>allel may be made by sub/itut+ h\se = f>m4 ,z hold+ prop]ty on %>es is n s common 9 cities1 sugge/ possible cases1 su* z a flori/'s bus9ess1 a r9k1 etc4 #b4 ,let pupils read ! sket* ( ! ,saxon or m>k sy/em giv5 9 ! ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 pp4 #bb & #cj2 & !n draw a plan ( a ,saxon village f ! passages read4 ,,/ep ,,ii 7,giv5 to ! class by ! tea*]'s oral explanation7 #a4 ,! ,saxon ,sy/em3 ,fur!r /udy ( ! e>ly l& t5ure ( ! ,saxons4 7,see ,ont>io ,high ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 p4 #cc47 ,! foll[+ extract f ,oman's ,engl& be=e ! ,norman ,conque/ may be ( assi/ance3 ,! typical free settlem5t ( an ,engli% maeg? 7or k9dr$7 consi/$ fir/ ( ! l>ge arable fields divid$ up into n>r[ /rips1 ( :i* ea* h\sehold possess$ sev]al1 next ( ! almo/ equally priz$ mead[1 :i* 0 h$g$ (f into appropriat$ lots 9 summ]1 b ?r[n back into common 9 w9t]1 & la/ly ( ! undi/ribut$ wa/e1 f :i* ! :ole community w\ld draw its wood supply1 & on :i* x w\ld pa/ure its sw9e1 or ev5 turn out its cattle = r\gh graz+ at "s seasons4 ,! normal me?od ( agriculture 0 ! ?ree-field sy/em1 ) a rotation ( :eat1 b>ley1 or oats1 & 9 ! ?ird ye>1 fall[--to all[ ( ! exhau/$ soil rega9+ "s measure ( its f]tility4 ,9 ! la/ ye> ! field 0 left unf5c$ & ! cattle ( ! community pick$ up :at !y c\ld f x1 :5 !y 7 nei!r on ! wa/e1 nor be+ f$ ) ! hay t _h be5 m[$ f ! mead[4 ,!re seem to h be5 exceptional cases 9 :i* ! /rips ( ! arable 7 n p]man5tly allott$ to diff]5t h\seholds1 b 7 di/ribut$1 by lot or o!rwise1 to diff]5t hold]s 9 diff]5t ye>s4 ,b ?is 0 an abnormal arrangem5t2 usually ! proprietor%ip ( ! /rips 9 ea* field 0 fix$4 ,& ! usual arrangem5t w\ld be t ! fully end[$ ceorl's h\sehold _h j s mu* arable 9 its v>i\s /rips z a full team ( ox5 c\ld pl\gh4 ,!n expla9 ! orig9 ( ! names ,eorl & ,!gn 7,p4,s4 ,hi/4 ( ,eng41 pp4 #cd & #cg72 ! idea ( protection 7,p4,s4 ,hi/4 ( ,eng41 p4 #cg71 & ( %>+ 9 ! produce ( ! l&1 & ! paym5t ( necess>y fees to ! ,k+4 ,emphasize ! own]%ip ( ! l& by ! freeman4 #b4 ,! ,c\rts3 ,! ,witan1 :i* c\ld displace ! k+ = c]ta9 reasons1 ! ,%ire or folk-moot1 & ! ,tun-moot2 _! p[]s2 ! p look$ to ^! c\rts = ju/ice4 #c4 ,*ange br\ght ab\t by ,dani% raids--small freehold]s s\ght protection f ! great] lords2 ! %ift+ ( own]%ip f small l&[n]s to eorls4 ,,/ep ,,iii ,! ,feudal ,sy/em 9 ,france3 7,read ,scott's ,qu5t9 ,durw>d47 ,b>ons too p[]ful = ! k+ = v>i\s reasons3 #a4 ,_! prop]ty 0 l>ge & compact4 #b4 ,!y adm9i/]$ ju/ice1 issu$ co9age1 etc4 #c4 ,vassals swore allegiance to _! imm$iate sup]ior4 ,by means ( problem-que/ions develop f ! pupils :at ,william w\ld probably d to /r5g!n 8 own position4 ,,/ep ,,iv ,! ,feudal ,sy/em "u ,william3 7,note ! innovations ( ,william47 #a4 ,! l& belong$ solely to ! k+2 x 0 n ! ,normans z a tribe1 b ,william p]sonally1 :o conqu]$ ,engl&4 #b4 ,! e/ates ( ! nobles 7 divid$1 ei!r delib]ately or because ! l& 0 conqu]$ piecemeal & p>cell$ out z x 0 conqu]$4 7,= example1 ,odo _h #dgc manors 9 #ag c\nties47 #c4 ,! vassals swore direct allegiance to ! k+4 #d4 ,! ,witan 0 displac$ by ! ,great ,c\ncil1 ! memb]s ( :i* 7 ! k+'s vassals2 !re=e ) him1 n aga9/ him4 #e4 ,! k+'s use ( %ire-reeves1 p]sonal dep5dants1 :o l$ ! milit>y levy ( ! c\nties & collect$ ! k+'s taxes4 #f4 ,:at 7 ! *ief taxes8 ,f !m came mu* political tr\ble 9 lat] times by attempts to rectify abuses 9 connection ) !m4 #g4 ,! tea*] may describe ! c]emony ( ! feudal oa?4 ,! important po9ts ( ea* /ep %\ld be writt5 on ! black-bo>d z !y are describ$ or develop$4 7,! decay ( ! ,feudal ,sy/em 9 ,engl& may be ! topic ( ano!r lesson47 ,,seigniorial ,,t5ure ,! aim ( ! lesson is to give ! pupils a k ( ! me?od ( l& t5ure introduc$ into ,canada by ! ,fr5*2 to enable !m to trace ! effects ( ?is sy/em ^u ! progress ( ! p & ! developm5t ( ! c\ntry2 & to increase _! int]e/ 9 ! pres5t sy/em ( t5ure4 ,,me?od ,9 connection ) sections #c & #d ! description ( ! ,feudal ,sy/em w\ld %[ h[ ! l& 0 held 9 ,france2 fir/ by ! k+1 "u him by ! great] nobles1 !n by ! less] nobles & ! g5try1 !n by ! l>ge f>m]s :o sublet x 9 small f>ms or hir$ m5 to "w x4 ,e "o :o held l& _h to d some?+ = 8 "l4 ,:5 ?is description is complete1 let ! pupils apply x to ,canada1 ! tea*] supply+ ! names ( ! correspond+ classes 9 ,canada4 ,!n ! pupils may be ask$ to consid] :at return ea* hold] w\ld make = 8 l&2 ?is leads to a /atem5t ( ! conditions ( t5ure 9 ,canada4 ,!n ! evils connect$ ) ?is sy/em may be pres5t$ z ano!r problem2 = example1 h[ w\ld ! actual work]s be disc\rag$ 9 mak+ improvem5ts t !y w\ld get no cr$it =8 ,9 connection ) section #e1 ! pupils c contra/ ! me?od ( hold+ l& t !y are famili> )1 t is1 by complete own]%ip1 & c imag9e :at *anges ! ,engli% settl]s w\ld want4 ,!y are !n ready to he> h[ & :5 ^! *anges 7 br\ght ab\t1 & at :at co/4 ,! me?od is !re=e a comb9ation ( ! n>rative & developm5t1 or problem1 me?ods4 ,,! ,,lesson #a4 ,introduce ! lesson by a ref]5ce to ! sy/em ( hold+ l& 9 ,ont>io4 7,see lesson on ! ,feudal ,sy/em47 ,develop ! lead+ pr9ciples ( freehold t5ure4 ,:at ,act gave ! p ( ,ont>io ?is me?od ( hold+ l&8 ,we are go+ to le>n some?+ ab\t ! sy/em ( hold+ l& adopt$ by ! ,fr5* :5 !y rul$ ,canada4 7,see ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 ,*apt] ,,ix1 also ,ont>io ,high ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,canada1 ,*ap4 ,,viii47 #b4 ,"u ! ,fr5* ! l&s ( ,canada 7 held 9 feudal t5ure1 :i* means t ! ,k+ 0 reg>d$ z ! own]1 & t r5t 0 paid to him1 n altoge!r 9 money1 b p>tly 9 milit>y s]vice4 ,l>ge portions ( l& 7 grant$ 9 ?is way to (fic]s & nobles4 ,an important & impos+ c]emony 0 t at :i* ! lords ( manors annually did homage to ! ,k+'s repres5tative at ,quebec4 ,^! seigniors1 z !y 7 call$1 _h great p[]s )9 _! doma9s4 ,?is me?od ( t5ure 0 simil> to ! sy/em ( hold+ l& 9 ,france1 call$ ! ,feudal ,sy/em4 ,at ?is po9t ! tea*] might give a %ort description ( ! ,feudal ,sy/em4 ,picture to ! pupils ! old ,feudal ca/le & its surr\nd+s4 ,%[ h[ ill ! common p 7 provid$ = 9 comp>ison ) ! lords4 #c4 ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu introduc$ feudalism into ,canada ab\t ! ye> #aebg4 ,he _h two objects 9 view3 7a7 to create a ,canadian ari/ocracy1 7b7 to e/abli% an easy sy/em ( divid+ l& among settl]s4 ,?is sy/em ( hold+ l& came to be kn[n z ,seigniorial ,t5ure4 ,! seignior receiv$ va/ tracts ( l& f ! ,k+1 became 8 vassal1 & 9 turn made grants to ! c5sitaires1 ^? :o held _! l& on ! paym5t ( an annual r5tal4 ,! c5sitaires secur$ habitants to cultivate ! soil4 #d4 ,! seignior 0 compell$ to cle> 8 e/ate ( =e/ )9 a c]ta9 "t4 ,9 ord] to d ?is he r5t$ x1 at f half a c5t to two c5ts an acre1 & receiv$ 8 r5t 9 produce4 ,if ! c5sitaire sold ! l& :i* 0 cle>$1 he _h to pay 8 seignior "o twelf? ( ! price4 ,if ! seignior p>t$ ) 8 e/ate1 he _h to pay ! ,k+ "o fif? ( ! sell+ price4 ,! =e/s ( ,canada 7 n v attractive to ! nobles ( ,france2 h5ce1 b few ( !m settl$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,"s ( ! prom95t coloni/s1 h[ev]1 7 grant$ pat5ts ( nobility & became seigniors4 ,prev5t$ by _! rank f cultivat+ ! soil1 !y soon became bankrupt4 ,!n !y turn$ _! att5tion to ! fur-trade1 & lat] _m ( !m became explor]s & ! mo/ gallant def5d]s ( ,new ,france4 #e4 ,9 ! ye> #agfj1 ,canada became a ,briti% possession1 & ,engli% settl]s comm5c$ to make homes = !mselves 9 ,upp] ,canada4 ,_! numb] 0 greatly increas$ by ! ,unit$ ,empire ,loyali/s :o came ov] aft] ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,! ,engli% dislik$ ! ,fr5* me?od ( hold+ l&4 ,"u ,seigniorial ,t5ure1 ! sell] ( l& 9 a seigniory 0 compell$ to pay ! seignior an am\nt equal to "o twelf? ( ! pur*ase money4 ,z ?is 0 *>geable n only on ! value ( ! l&1 b also on ! value ( all build+s & improvem5ts1 :i*1 co/+ ! seigniors no?+1 7 (t5 m valuable ?an ! l& itself1 x 0 consid]$ by ! ,engli% settl]s an intol]able h&icap4 7,c5turies be=e ?is ! ,feudal ,sy/em _h be5 aboli%$ 9 ,engl&47 #f4 ,9 #agia ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t pass$ ! ,con/itutional ,act :i* gave ! p ( ,upp] ,canada ! privilege ( hold+ l&s 9 _! own "n4 ,9 ,l[] ,canada1 too1 ^? :o wi%$ 7 all[$ to avail !mselves ( ! freehold sy/em1 b ! ,fr5* did n take advantage ( _! opportunity4 ,9 ! ye> #ahed ,seigniorial ,t5ure 0 aboli%$1 ! ,gov]nm5t recomp5s+ ! seigniors = ! surr5d] ( _! anci5t rights & privileges1 & freehold t5ure1 z 9 ,ont>io1 0 introduc$4 #g4 ,reasons :y ! ,seigniorial ,t5ure fail$3 7a7 ,x 0 n adapt$ to conditions 9 ,canada4 7b7 ,x did n provide suffici5t inc5tive to settl]s to improve _! l&s4 7c7 ,x gave ! habitant no *ance to rise4 7d7 ,x t5d$ to divide ! population into ?ree classes4 7e7 ,x fail$ to develop a civic _s4 ,?is fact alone made progress practically impossible4 ,ea* seignior 0 ! ma/] ( 8 own doma94 ,?us ! p _h no opportunity ( work+ toge!r1 & "u su* circum/ances no great national _s c\ld be develop$4 #h4 ,note ! effect ( ! conque/ ( ,canada & ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ^u ,seigniorial ,t5ure4 ,,conf$]ation ,,( ,,canadian ,,prov9ces ,,topical ,,analysis ,causes3 #a4 ,! idea ( union an old "o 9 ,canada & ! ,m>itime ,prov9ces2 =e%ad[$ 9 ,durham's ,report4 #b4 ,imm$iate cause 9 ,canada 0 ! "q ( repres5tation by population2 deadlock 9 ,p>liam5t4 #c4 ,imm$iate cause 9 ,m>itime ,prov9ces 0 ! feel+ betwe5 ,brita9 & ! ,colonies & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ov] ! ,tr5t affair1 ! ,alabama tr\ble1 & ! idea 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates t ! ,briti% ,colonies fav\r$ ! cause ( ! ,s\? 9 ! ,civil ,w>4 ,/eps t[>d ,conf$]ation3 #a4 ,meet+ ( delegates f ! ,m>itime ,prov9ces 9 ,*>lottet[n 9 #ahfd4 #b4 ,meet+ 9 ,quebec1 #ahfd1 ( delegates f all ! prov9ces fav\rs ,conf$]ation4 #c4 ,newf\ndl& & ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl& reject ! proposal1 & delegates f ,upp] ,canada 7,ont>io71 ,l[] ,canada 7,quebec71 ,nova ,scotia1 & ,new ,brunswick proce$ to ,london to secure an ,act ( ,union f ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t4 #d4 ,movem5t 9 fav\r ( union ha/5$ by ,unit$ ,/ates giv+ notice 9 #ahfe ( ! t]m9ation ( ! ,reciprocity ,treaty 9 a ye>1 & by ! ,f5ian ,raid1 #ahff4 #e4 ,union accompli%$ by means ( ! ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica ,act pass$ by ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t 9 #ahfg1 & br\ght into =ce on ,july #a/1 #ahfg4 ,! prov9ces conf$]at$ z ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada2 a ,f$]al ,union4 ,outl9e ( ,t]ms3 ,see ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,canada1 p4 #bae4 ,provision made = admission ( new prov9ces4 ,expansion ( ,conf$]ation3 ,admission ( o!r prov9ces--,manitoba1 #ahgj2 ,briti% ,columbia1 #ahga2 ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl&1 #ahgc2 ,alb]ta & ,saskat*ewan1 #aije2 ,yukon t]ritory also repres5t$ 9 ! ,dom9ion ,p>liam5t4 ,,notes ,,( ,a ,,lesson ,,on ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,geographical ,,conditions ,,on ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,a ,,c\ntry ,,correlation ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,geography ,,g5]al ,! hi/ory ( a nation is influ5c$ v l>gely by geographical facts4 ,its int]nal relations1 :e!r fri5dly or ho/ile1 are affect$ by ^!4 ,natural b>ri]s1 su* z m\nta9s1 seas1 or great lakes & riv]s1 are (t5 political fronti]s ex]t+ protect+ or isolat+ influ5ce4 ,its indu/rial progress dep5ds prim>ily ^u its natural products--m9]als1 gra9s1 woods1 fi%1 etc41 & ! facilities :i* its /ructure af=ds = trade1 bo? dome/ic & =eign4 ,a sea-coa/1 ) satisfactory h>b\rs1 t5ds to produce a sea-f>+ p1 & !re=e a trad+ p4 ,! "* ( its p is condition$ by ! zone 9 :i* ! nation is situat$4 ,9 ! nor? temp]ate zone is ! climate be/ suit$ = ! gr[? ( peoples vigor\s 9 m9d & body1 & lov]s ( fre$om4 ,,engl& ,position3 ,! =m+ ( ! ,/raits ( ,dov] cut (f a corn] ( ,europe1 made ,great ,brita9 an isl&1 & lat] a s+le political unit4 ,situat$ betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica ) ports op5+ t[>d ea*1 h] position gives h] ! opportunity = naval & comm]cial greatness4 ,! n>r[ sea sep>at+ h] f ! cont95t is a def5ce 9 w> & a means ( int]c\rse 9 peace4 ,/ructure3 ,two regions--"o ( pla91 ! o!r ( hills2 a l9e drawn f ! m\? ( ! ,tees to ! m\? ( ! ,sev]n & cont9u$ to ! s\? coa/ r\ghly divides ^! regions4 ,! "p ly+ ea/ ( ?is l9e is1 r\ghly speak+1 level & f]tile1 tempt+ emigration f ! cont95t1 & easily explor$ inw>d4 ,! ,angles1 ! ,saxons1 & ! ,jutes f\nd _! way into ?is pla9 ?r\gh ! riv]s t fl[$ ea/ & s\?4 ,! ,p5n9es1 ! ,wel% ,p59sula1 & ! s\?we/ ( ,engl& f ,bri/ol are 9 ! hilly "p1 :i*1 because ( its m9]al weal?1 has become ! great indu/rial di/rict4 ,climate3 ,?\gh ,engl& lies nor? ( ! fiftie? p>allel1 ! moi/ s\?we/ w9ds f ! ocean temp] ! climate1 mak+ ! w9t]s mild & ! summ]s cool1 a climate fav\rable to ! gr[? ( a vigor\s race4 ,!re is an abundant ra9fall4 ,products3 ,on ! pla9s a f]tile soil support$ a l>ge agricultural1 & !re=e self-conta9$1 population 9 ! e>li] days1 & ! slopes furni%$ pa/urage = cattle & %eep4 ,proximity to coal is an almo/ indisp5sable condition = indu/ries1 ?\gh o!r consid]ations come 94 ,9 ! hill c\ntry coal & iron1 ess5tial mat]ials = a manufactur+ nation1 lie ne> to ! deposits ( lime/one necess>y = smelt+ ! iron ore4 ,! coal-fields on or ne> ! coa/ are c5tres ( %ipbuild+2 & ! int]ior coal-fields ! c5tres ( ! great textile indu/ries4 ,because ( h] insul> position & fleets ( %ips ! raw products f o!r c\ntries c be br\ght to ,engl& easily & *eaply1 & !n %ipp$ out z manufactur$ goods4 ,consult3 ,a ,hi/orical ,geography ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,h]e=d ,b4 ,george1 ,me?u5 ,co41 ,london4 ,! ,relations ( ,geography & ,hi/ory4 ,h]e=d ,b4 ,george1 ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d4 ,,ano!r ,,=m ,,( ,,! ,,lesson ,! tea*] w ann\nce ! topic = discussion1 namely1 h[ ! hi/ory ( ,great ,brita9 has be5 affect$ by h] insul> position4 ,t4--,trace on ! map ! coa/ l9e ( ,great ,brita94 7,pupil does s47 ,:at d y notice ab\t ! coa/ l9e 9 comp>ison to ! size ( ! ,isl&8 ,p4--,x is v irregul> & has a good _m bays & inlets4 ,t4--,w\ld ?is h any effect on ! life & occupations ( ! p8 ,p4--,!y w\ld almo/ h to be sailors4 ,t4--,9 o!r words1 a m>itime p4 ,d y ?9k t is usual8 ,look at ! coa/ l9e ( ,japan4 7,class sees t x is mu* ! same z t ( ,brita93 ! ,japanese are also a m>itime race47 ,:at is "o occupation ! p w\ld foll[8 ,p4--,!y w\ld probably be fi%]m54 7,! tea*] may give "s idea ( ! ext5t ( ! fi%+4 ,! same may be done ) ea* new po9t1 z x comes up47 ,t4--,:at else w\ld !y d8 ,p4--,!y w\ld probably engage 9 trade or comm]ce4 ,t4--,) :i* c\ntries8 ,/udy ! map = a mom5t4 ,p4--,) ^? on ! we/ ( ,europe1 & ) ,am]ica4 ,t4--,yes4 ,y mu/ notice t ,great ,brita9 is situat$ v fav\rably = trade ) ! :ole _w4 ,is !re any?+ on ! map to %[ ?is8 ,p4--,!re are a great _m l9es on ! map t %[ ! wat] r\tes f ,brita9 to almo/ e c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,t4--,suppose ,brita9 _h tr\ble ) any o!r c\ntry t might be a cause ( w>1 w\ld h] position make any diff]5ce to h]8 ,p4--,no c\ntry c\ld attack h] except by wat]4 ,t4--,h[ w\ld %e def5d h]self8 ,p4--,%e w\ld h to dep5d on h] %ips4 7,a good op5+ = a brief outl9e ( ! gr[? ( ! navy47 ,t4--,:]e w\ld %e get h] %ips8 ,p4--,%e builds !m h]self4 ,t4--,isn't %e dep5d5t on any o!r nation at all8 ,p4--,no1 %e has always _h ! mat]ial 9 h] own c\ntry = t4 ,t4--,:at are !y built (8 ,p4--,! old %ips 7 wood51 & %e _h pl5ty ( ! be/ timb]1--oak4 ,t4--,:at are !y built ( to-day8 ,p4--,mo/ ( !m are ( iron4 ,t4--,:]e does %e get t8 ,p4--,f h] own m9es4 ,t4--,n[1 look at ! latitude ( ,brita94 ,:at "p ( our c\ntry has ! same latitude8 ,p4--,labrador4 ,t4--,:at is ! climate ( ,labrador8 ,p4--,v cold4 ,t4--,!n ! climate ( ,brita9 ought to be ! same8 ,p4--,! wat] ar\nd x w\ld make x n s cold4 ,t4--,yes4 ,! ocean curr5ts f ! s\? help to make ! climate mild]1 too4 ,!re w\ld be pl5ty ( ra91 besides4 ,n[1 h[ w\ld a moi/1 mild climate affect agriculture 9 ,engl&8 ,p4--,!y ought to be able to gr[ almo/ ev]y?+ t we c4 7,simil>ly1 _m o!r po9ts may be tak5 up & develop$ ) ! class47 ,,/4 ,,lawr5ce ,,riv] ,,incid5tal ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,) ,,geography ,aim4--,to %[ g5]al connection betwe5 hi/ory & geography4 ,mat]ial ,requir$4--,a black-bo>d sket* ( t "p ( ,canada adjac5t to ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & a set ( pictures 7or picture po/-c>ds7 %[+ ! important hi/orical sites along ! banks ( ! riv]4 ,introduction4--,! tea*] asks a few que/ions to make cle> ! purpose ( ! map & to fix ! location ( ! pr9cipal t[ns & cities--,k+/on1 ,brockville1 ,prescott1 ,ogd5sburg1 ,morrisburg1 ,cornwall1 ,la*9e1 ,montreal1 ,?ree ,riv]s1 ,levis1 ,quebec1 ,tad\ssac1 & ,gasp4 ,pres5tation4--,! lesson is assum$ to be a pleasure trip by boat f ,port ,hope to ! ,atlantic4 ,! tea*] w tell ( ! dep>ture f ,port ,hope & ! arrival at ,k+/on1 ! fir/ port4 ,:ile !re1 he w ask :y ! place 0 giv5 ! "n ( ,k+/on4 7,x 0 nam$ 9 hon\r ( ,george ,,iii2 z ,que5/on1 at ! upp] end ( ! lake1 0 9 hon\r ( ,que5 ,*>lotte47 ,leav+ ,k+/on ! tea*] w describe 7%[+ pictures7 ! appe>ance ( ! =t on ! po9t &1 ) ! pupils1 w recall its e/abli%m5t by ,front5ac 9 #afgc1 & its use z a *eck on ! ,indians1 & w note its use n[ z a /oreh\se1 b>racks1 & tra9+ camp = soldi]s4 7,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 pp4 #ea1 #aad47 ,z ! trip is cont9u$ d[n ! riv]1 !y notice1 9 pass+1 ! beautiful ,?\s& ,isl&s1 & ! t[n ( ,brockville--its "n commemorat+ ! h]o ( ,que5/on ,heights4 ,imm$iately bel[ ,prescott is se5 on ! bank ( ! riv] an old w9d-mill1 ! sc5e ( ! ,patriot invasion "u ,von ,s*ultz1 a ,poli% adv5tur]4 7,see ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 p4 #agh1 & picture 9 ,weav]'s ,canadian ,hi/ory = ,boys & ,girls1 p4 #bbg47 ,across ! riv] lies ,ogd5sburg1 ! sc5e ( a raid 9 #ahac4 ,colonel ,macdonell1 ! ,briti% lead]1 :o 0 drill+ 8 small =ce on ! ice1 made a sudd5 attack ^u ! t[n1 defeat$ ! ,am]icans1 captur$ a l>ge am\nt ( /ores & ammunition1 & burn$ f\r arm$ vessels :i* lay 9 ! h>b\r4 7,see ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 p4 #aee47 ,f ?is po9t ! boat passes rapidly ?r\gh ! n>r[ "p ( ! riv] at ,iroquois 7recall ! ,indians ( t "n71 pa/ ! fl\ri%+ t[n ( ,morrisburg1 until1 on ! nor? bank1 appe>s a monum5t ( gray granite1 erect$ z a memorial ( ! battle ( ,crysl]'s ,f>m1 f\ght 9 ?is vic9ity 9 #ahac4 7,see ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 p4 #aei47 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! ,long ,sault ,rapids1 ,cornwall1 not$ z ! seat ( ! fir/ ,gramm> ,s*ool 9 ,ont>io1 is rea*$4 ,! riv] n[ wid5s into a lake & does n n>r[ until x passes ,coteau1 aft] :i* x passes ?r\gh a *a9 ( rapids & ne>s ,la*9e1 ! ,la ,*9e ( ,la ,salle1 & ! sc5e ( num]\s ,indian fights & massacres4 7,see ,ont>io ,s*ool ,geography1 p4 #aaf1 & ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,canada1 p4 #fj47 ,t5 miles to ! ea/ is ,montreal1 ! mo/ popul\s city 9 ,canada1 ) its ,royal ,m\nt1 & its _m memories ( e>ly settlem5t 9 ,canada4 7,see ,ont>io ,s*ool ,geography1 p4 #aba47 ,j above ,quebec ! riv]1 n[ two miles wide1 passes ! bold cliffs up :i* ,wolfe's m5 climb$ to ! ,pla9s ( ,abraham1 & sweeps ar\nd ! ,citadel & ,l[] ,t[n4 ,on ! heights may be se5 ! monum5ts erect$ 9 hon\r ( ,*ampla91 & ,wolfe & ,montcalm4 ,9 imag9ation1 pictures may be =m$ ( ! sc5es t m>k$ ! close ( ,fr5* ,rule 9 ,canada4 ,! riv] fl[s on pa/ ,tad\ssac1 long ! c5tre ( ! ,canadian fur-trade1 pa/ ,gasp :]e ,c>ti] l&$ & laid claim to ! surr\nd+ c\ntry 9 ! "n ( ! k+ ( ,france1 till its banks fade f sight & its wat]s m+le ) ^? ( ! ,atlantic4 ,9 tea*+ su* lessons z ?is1 ! oral n>rative & "q me?od is us$4 ,x is a review lesson1 & reproduction may foll[ 9 a writt5 ex]cise4 ,,! ,,relations ,,betwe5 ,,engl& ,,& ,,scotl& ,,f #ajff ,,to #afjc ,! purpose ( ?is analysis is to expla9 by :at %[ ( "r ! k+s ( ,engl& int]f]$ s mu* 9 ,scotti% affairs4 ,! analysis also aims to %[ h[ correct & def9ite views on c]ta9 topics may be _h only by foll[+ out ^? topics ?r\gh hi/ory1 neglect+ all facts b ^? be>+ on ! topic /udi$4 #a4 ,9 ! t5? c5tury1 ,malcolm ,i obta9$ ,/ra?clyde 7see map1 ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 p4 #bg7 z a fief f ,edmund ( ,engl&4 ,8 gr&son1 ,malcolm ,,ii1 0 inve/$ ) ,lo?ian1 be=e ?is a "p ( ! ,engli% e>ldom ( ,nor?umbria4 ,^! fiefs are ! basis ( all claims aft]w>ds made by ,engli% k+s z ov]lords ( ,scotl&4 #b4 ,malcolm ,,iii 7#ajeg-ajic7 m>ri$ ,m>g>et1 si/] ( ,edg> ,a!l+4 ,! ,norman conque/ drove _m ,saxons nor?1 & ! ,saxon elem5t 9 ,scotl& 0 /r5g!n$ by ?is4 #c4 ,william ! ,conqu]or compell$ ,malcolm's submission1 #ajgb4 ,?is kept alive ! ,engli% claims4 #d4 ,h5ry ,i m>ri$ ,matilda ( ,scotl&4 ,_m ,normans w5t to ,scotl& 9 ! reign ( ,david 7#aabd-aaec74 ,! ,feudal ,sy/em 0 introduc$ & firmly e/abli%$ "u ,norman influ5ce4 ,ecclesia/ical f\ndation begun4 ,fri5dly relations /r5g!n$4 #e4 ,z ! price ( 8 lib]ty1 ,william ! ,lyon agre$1 by ! ,conv5tion ( ,falaise1 #aagd1 to hold ,scotl& z a fief ( ,engl&4 #f4 ,to raise money = 8 ,crusade1 ,ri*>d ,i ( ,engl& r5\nc$1 9 #aahi1 8 feudal rights ov] ,scotl& = #aj1jjj m>ks1 & = ! fir/ "t ackn[l$g$ h] indep5d5ce4 #g4 ,! bord] l9e 0 fix$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #abbb4 #h4 ,! dea? ( ,m>g>et1 daught] ( ,alex&] ,,iii1 #abhf1 left ! cr[n a bone ( cont5tion2 ,balliol f9ally secur$ x by fav\r ( ,edw>d ,i ( ,engl&1 ! ov]lord ( ,scotl&4 ,!n foll[$ ! ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce "u ,wallace & ,bruce & ! ,battle ( ,bannockburn1 #acad4 ,?is long & de/ructive w> caus$ ! ,scots to h a deadly hatr$ ( ! ,engli%1 & drove ,scotl& into alliance ) ,france1 ! great enemy ( ,engl&1 & consolidat$ ! diff]5t races 9 ,scotl&4 #i4 ,scotl& ?us became involv$ 9 ! _m w>s betwe5 ,engl& & ,france & attack$ ,engl& :5ev] %e & ,france 7 at w>4 #aj4 ,9 #acbg1 ! indep5d5ce ( ,scotl& 0 ackn[l$g$4 #aa4 ,fri5d%ip ) ,france & di/ru/ ( ,engl& cont9u$ well into ! ,re=mation p]iod1 & 9 ! ma9 det]m9$ ,scotl&'s =eign policy4 #ab4 ,) ! *ange ( religion 9 ,scotl& at ! ,re=mation1 ,fr5* influ5ce came to an end4 ,religi\s sympa?y ov]came ! political hatr$ ( ,engl&4 #ac4 ,! tr\ble 9 connection ) ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots & h] imprisonm5t made = peace betwe5 ! two c\ntries1 z ,scotl& did n want to h ,m>y releas$ = fe> ( fur!r civil w>4 #ad4 ,! accession ( ,james ,,vi1 a ,scotti% k+1 to ! ?rone ( ,engl&1 end$ almo/ entirely ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! two c\ntries1 & l$ f9ally to ! ,legislative ,union a c5tury lat] 7#agjg74 ,,analysis ,,( ,,sections #afj-agj1 ,,ont>io ,,public ,,s*ool ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engl& ,! ,p>liam5t _h already e/abli%$ its sole "r to levy taxation4 7,see ,gre5's ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,p1 p4 #dgh47 ,"u ,*>les ,i ! /ruggle 0 ma9ly ab\t ! mann] 9 :i* ! taxes %\ld be sp5t2 9 o!r words1 ! ,p>liam5t 0 try+ to secure control ( ! executive1 ! o!r important elem5t 9 ,responsible ,gov]nm5t4 ,*>les ,i held v /rongly ! belief 9 ! div9e "r ( k+s &1 naturally1 ?is belief did n h>monize ) ! aim ( ,p>liam5t4 ,disputes 7 con/ant3 #a4 ,diff]5ces conc]n+ ,*>les' m>riage4 #b4 ,fir/ ,p>liam5t1 #afbf1 w\ld grant tonnage & p\ndage = only "o ye>4 #c4 ,second ,p>liam5t1 #afbf1 refus$ money unless ! conduct ( ! ,spani% w> by ,buck+ham 0 inquir$ into by ,p>liam5t4 #d4 ,?ird ,p>liam5t1 #afbh-i4 ,*>les rais$ "s money by =c$ loans1 b f> too little1 = a new w> ) ,france 0 begun4 ,p>liam5t refus$ to grant money till ! k+ sign$ ! ,petition ( ,"r1 :i* embodi$ all ! po9ts 9 dispute betwe5 !m4 #e4 ,*>les did n long obs]ve ! ,petition ( ,"r :i* he _h sign$2 ,laud1 ,bi%op ( ,london1 0 mak+ *anges 9 ! *ur* c]emonies t seem$ to br+ back ! old religion4 ,p>liam5t solemnly prote/$ aga9/ bo? ^! ?+s1 !n quietly adj\rn$4 ,"s memb]s 7 arre/$--,sir ,john ,eliot di$ 9 ! ,t[]--o!rs 7 kept 9 prison = elev5 ye>s4 #f4 ,no ,p>liam5t = elev5 ye>s4 ,*>les aim$ dur+ ?is p]iod to raise money )\t ,p>liam5t1 & to e/abli% ! ,engli% ,*ur* 9 ! :ole c\ntry4 ,8 me?ods ( rais+ money 73 7a7 ,by grant+ monopolies 7#bjj1jjj74 7b7 ,by ,/> ,*amb] f9es--l>ge f9es = slight (f5ces4 7c7 ,by illegal duties4 7d7 ,by %ip-money 7,trial ( ,hampd574 ,8 me?ods ( e/abli%+ ! ,engli% ,*ur* 73 7a7 ,religi\s oppression--*ief ag5t1 ,laud2 *ief suff]]s1 ! ,puritans4 7b7 ,attempt to =ce ! ,engli% ,*ur* pray]-book on ,scotl& l$ to rebellion4 ,?is rebellion =c$ ,*>les to summon ,p>liam5t 9 ord] to raise money4 ,p>liam5t refus$ to give money till _! grievances 7 r$ress$4 ,x 0 dissolv$ 9 ?ree weeks4 ,urg5t ne$ ( troops to keep back ! ,scotti% rebels made ,*>les summon ,p>liam5t aga9 9 six mon?s 7#afdj74 ,?is is kn[n z ! ,long ,p>liam5t4 #g4 7a7 ,p>liam5t fir/ accus$ ,laud & ,/raf=d4 7b7 ,! ,gr& ,remon/rance nam$ ! illegal acts ( ,*>les4 7c7 ,?is l$ to ,*>les' f9al blund]--! attempt to arre/ ! five memb]s4 #h4 ,op5 w>1 n[ ! only way out1 w5t on till ,*>les 0 captur$ & behead$1 & ,p>liam5t held1 = a "t1 entire control4 ,,sugge/ive ,,outl9es ,,= ,,reviews ,,=m ,,iv ,i4 ,! ,era ( ,re=m 9 ,brita93 #a4 ,! ,me?odi/ ,revival1 :i* /irr$ ! he>ts ( ! p1 & gave !m high] ideals #b4 ,social ,re=ms3 7a7 ,cann+1 ! fri5d ( ! oppress$ 7b7 ,wilb]=ce & ! abolition ( slav]y 7c7 ,elizabe? ,fry & prison re=m 7d7 ,revision ( ! crim9al code #c4 ,political ,re=ms3 7a7 ,! ,re=m ,bill 7b7 ,! ,*>ti/ ,agitation 7c7 ,! repeal ( ! ,corn ,laws ,,ii4 ,! ,puritan ,movem5t3 #a4 ,its beg9n+ "u ,elizabe? #b4 ,its gr[? "u ,james ,i #c4 ,! /ruggle & victory "u ,*>les ,i #d4 ,triumph & decay "u ! ,commonweal? #e4 ,its dissolution "u ,*>les ,,ii #f4 ,x 0 ! root ( ! resi/ance (f]$ to ! misrule ( ,james ,,ii4 ,,= ,,tea*]s' ,,ref]5ce ,,! ,,/ages ,,9 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,civilization ,,correlation ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,sci5ce ,! purpose ( ^! notes1 :i* are cond5s$ f ! article on ,civilization 9 ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica 7late/ edition71 is to provide ! tea*] ) "s int]e/+ mat]ial1 by ! use ( :i* he may impress on ! pupils ! f>-rea*+ effects ( c]ta9 inv5tions & discov]ies1 :i* are 9 su* common use to-day t !y are v likely to be und]e/imat$4 ,! numb] ( lessons mu/ be left entirely to ! discretion ( ! tea*]4 ,,notes ,! close relation betwe5 ! progress ( civilization1 z told 9 hi/ory1 & sci5tific inv5tions & discov]ies is %[n by ,lewis ,h4 ,morgan1 :o has indicat$ n9e /ages 9 ! upw>d m>* ( mank9d f ! e>lie/ times to ! pres5t4 ,!re are ?ree /ages ( savag]y1 ?ree ( b>b>ism1 & ?ree ( civilization1 ! close ( ea* /age be+ m>k$ by an important discov]y or inv5tion4 ,! problem me?od may be us$1 by ask+ :at ea* inv5tion or discov]y w\ld enable ! p to d t !y c\ld n d be=e4 #a4 ,! savages 9 ! fir/ /age 7 develop+ spee*1 liv$ on raw nuts & fruits1 & 7 re/rict$ to places :]e !y c\ld h w>m? & food4 ,?is /age 0 end$ by ! discov]y ( fire4 #b4 ,) ! use ( fire1 _! food n[ includ$ fi% & p]haps fle%2 !y c\ld migrate to cold] climates4 ,?is /age end$ ) ! inv5tion ( ! b[ & arr[4 #c4 ,) ! b[ & arr[1 ! savage 0 saf] f fi]ce animals2 he c\ld kill also to get food1 & sk9s = clo?+ & t5ts2 ) /rong] food & bett] protection he c\ld & did migrate into m di/ant1 cold] c\ntries4 ,?is /age end$ ) ! inv5tion ( pott]y4 #d4 ,hi!rto man _h _h no cook+ ut5sils t c\ld )/& fire4 ,n[ he c\ld boil 8 food1 & 8 diet 0 ext5d$ to include boil$ meat & vegetables4 ,! next /age 0 rea*$ by ! dome/ication ( animals4 #e4 ,! dog1 ! %eep1 ! ox1 ! camel1 ! horse 7 rapidly dome/icat$2 "s ( ^! provid$ man ) food indep5d5t ( ! *ase2 o!rs gave him bett]1 swift] means ( travel & transportation4 ,di/ant peoples 7 ?us br\ght into contact & comm]ce began4 ,new ideas 7 ga9$ f ea* o!r4 ,l>g] communities 7 =m$1 & t[ns & cities began4 ,prop]ty became individual1 in/ead ( be+ communal4 #f4 ,?is /age began ) ! inv5tion ( iron-smelt+4 ,imm5se progress 0 n[ possible 9 ! v>i\s arts ( peace3 h\se-build+1 road-mak+1 con/ruction ( vehicles1 ! mak+ ( all sorts ( tools4 ,by ^! tools man 0 n[ able to express 8 /hetic nature z nev] be=e4 ,implem5ts ( w> also became m num]\s & m deadly4 #g4 ,! human race 0 n[ lift$ f ! highe/ /age ( b>b>ism to ! l[e/ /age ( civilization by "o ( ! mo/ important inv5tions t man has ev] made--writ+4 ,?is made possible ! record+ ( man's de$s & ?\ghts = po/]ity1 ?us secur+ ! ga9s ( ea* g5]ation = all succe$+ g5]ations1 & mak+ hi/ory possible4 #h4 ,! next /age ( progress is m>k$ by a gr\p ( inv5tions1--gunp[d]1 ! m>9]'s compass1 & pap] & ! pr9t+ press4 ,! ,middle ,ages1 z we call !m1 7 n[ end$1 & ! human race f\nd itself on a /age z wide z ! _w4 #i4 ,! next inv5tion1 :i* came quickly aft] ! prec$+ ones1 & plac$ mank9d 9 ! pres5t /age ( civilization1 0 ! /eam-eng9e4 ,! revolution :i* ?is br\ght ab\t is s rec5t z to ne$ no details "h4 7,see lesson on ! ,indu/rial ,revolution1 p4 #hg47 ,:at is to be ! inv5tion t w m>k ! entrance ( ! race on a high] /age /ill1 :5 ,t5nyson's dream ( a ,f$]ation ( ! ,_w ! ,p>liam5t ( ,man may be realiz$8 ,is x ! air%ip1 giv+ man ! conque/ ( ! la/ elem5t /ill unma/]$8 ,,! ,,new ,,le>n+ #a4 ,! aim ( ?is lesson is to make ! pupils famili> ) "o ( ! mo/ important movem5ts 9 ,engli% hi/ory1 by hav+ !m /udy ! mean+1 causes1 t5d5cies1 & effects ( ! ,new ,le>n+4 #b4 ,z an introduction1 a lesson or two %\ld be giv5 on ! conditions prevail+ 9 ,europe dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! ,middle ,ages1 because a k ( ^! conditions is ess5tial to a "r und]/&+ ( _m ( ! causes ( ! ,new ,le>n+4 ,! ,new ,le>n+ 0 a phase ( a great] movem5t call$ ! ,r5aissance1 :i* arose 9 ,italy dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! ,r5aissance m>k$ ! end ( ! ,middle ,ages & ! beg9n+ ( mod]n hi/ory4 ,x meant re-bir?1 a new life4 ,p took a new int]e/ 9 liv+4 ,! influ5ce ( ! monk & ( ! knight 0 pass+1 & ! man ( affairs1 ) 8 broad] sympa?ies1 8 ke5] vision1 8 m v>i$ int]e/s1 & 8 love ( lib]ty1 0 com+ into prom95ce4 ,h[ to enjoy life1 h[ to get ! greate/ value out ( x1 became ! great problem4 ,9 _! attempt to solve ?is problem p turn$ _! att5tion to ! anci5t lit]ature ( ,greece & ,rome2 = x 0 believ$ t ! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans _h a f9e appreciation ( ! mean+ & beauty ( life4 ,!y began to seek out ! old lit]ature & to /udy x4 ,?is new /udy has be5 call$ ! ,revival ( ,le>n+ or ! ,new ,le>n+4 ,! influ5ce ( ^! two great lit]atures soon made itself felt4 ,e prov9ce ( k 0 inve/igat$1 & p ev]y:]e 7 influ5c$ by ?is great intellectual awak5+4 #c4 ,! foll[+ 7 ! *ief causes ( ! movem5t3 7a7 ,! ,crusades 7b7 ,! ,fall ( ,con/ant9ople1 #adec 7c7 ,! introduction ( ! m>9]'s compass 7d7 ,! inv5tion ( gunp[d] 7e7 ,! inv5tion ( ! pr9t+ press 7f7 ,! ov]?r[ ( ! feudal sy/em 7g7 ,! desire = k /imulat$ by ! univ]sities 7h7 ,! failure ( ! s*ools ( ! ,middle ,ages to meet ! dem&s & ne$s ( ! times #d4 ,! relation ( ea* ( ^! causes to ! ,new ,le>n+ mu/ be %[n4 ,9 deal+ ) ! ,crusade movem5t z a cause1 x w be necess>y to help ! *ildr5 to see ! effect produc$ on ! p ( nor!rn ,europe by _! com+ into contact ) ! m highly cultivat$ p 9 s\!rn ,europe2 & ! effect produc$ on ! p ( ,europe by _! m+l+ ) ! nations ( ! luxuri\s ,ea/--! ,greeks ( ,con/ant9ople & ! brilliant ,mohamm$an s*ol>s ( ,pale/9e4 ,! ,crusades made ! p dissatisfi$ ) ! conditions t _h prevail$ s long 9 ,europe1 & ?is fact alone gave an impetus to ! ,new ,le>n+4 ,! relation ( pr9t+ to ! spread ( ! movem5t is evid5t4 ,! introduction ( pr9t+ meant ! *eap5+ ( books1 _! m g5]al use1 & ! spread ( education4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by a gr[+ indep5d5ce ( ?\ght1 & a desire = great] political & religi\s fre$om4 ,! o!r causes may be simil>ly treat$4 #e4 ,! ,new ,le>n+ 0 repres5t$ 9 ,engl& by a gr\p ( s*ol>s ( :om ,erasmus1 ,colet1 & ,m 7 ! *ief4 ,! great *ur*m51 too1 7 its patrons4 ,m5 ( e rank 7 int]e/$1 & ! movem5t affect$ ! :ole life ( ! p4 ,a new int]e/ 0 tak5 9 education1 9 art1 9 religion1 & 9 social re=m4 ,old me?ods ( in/ruction 7 sup]s$$ by m rational ones4 ,hundr$s ( new s*ools 7 e/abli%$ = ! b5efit ( ! middle classes4 ,! :ole t5d5cy ( ! ,new ,le>n+ 0 t[>d a high] intellectual & m moral life4 #f4 ,its effects3 7a7 ,x awak5$ a desire = an intellectual life & = social re=m2 7b7 ,x made possible ! ,re=mation2 7c7 ,x l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools & libr>ies & to ! ext5sion ( ! usefulness ( ! univ]sities2 7d7 ,x ar\s$ ! desire = lib]ty & ! _s ( ent]prise1 & enc\rag$ comm]cial activity2 7e7 ,x inspir$ "s ( ! _w's greate/ arti/s 9 pa9t+1 sculpture1 ar*itecture1 lit]ature1 & music4 7f7 ,x implant$ ! se$s ( fre$om ( ?\ght & fo/]$ ! _s ( sci5tific rese>*2 7g7 ,x suppli$ high] ideals ( life & conduct1 a fact :i* became responsible to a l>ge ext5t = ! great improvem5t made 9 ! condition ( ! p1 & 9 ! developm5t ( ,europe s9ce t "t4 ,,note3 ,ref]5ces to ! discov]ies made by ,cop]nicus1 ,columbus1 & ! ,cabots %\ld be made4 ,pupils %\ld read or he> %ort acc\nts ( ,erasmus1 ,m1 & ,colet4 ,a c>eful developm5t ( ! causes & mean+ ( ! movem5t %\ld aid ! pupils to anticipate its *ief results4 ,x is assum$1 ( c\rse1 t ! /udy ( ?is topic w occupy sev]al lesson p]iods4 ,,! ,,fight ,,= ,,con/itutional ,,lib]ty ,,9 ,,canada1 #agei-ahfg4 ,9 ! /ruggle = con/itutional lib]ty 9 ,briti% ,canada1 !re are sev]al di/9ct /ages3 ,i4 #agfj to #agfc--,milit>y ,rule3 #a4 ,amh]/ ! nom9al gov]nor2 ,canada divid$ into ?ree di/ricts #b4 ,little di/urbance ( ,fr5* cu/oms2 ! habitants cont5t #c4 ,influx ( old subjects--_! "*4 7,see ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,canada1 p4 #aji2 ,hi/ory ( ,canada1 ,lucas & ,eg]ton1 ,"p ,,ii1 pp4 #d & #g47 ,,ii4 #agfc to #aggd 7,quebec ,act73 #a4 ,p]iod ( ,civil ,gov]nm5t "u ,g5]al ,murray #b4 ,unre/ ow+ to dem&s ( ! old subjects #c4 ,conditions ( gov]nm5t3 7a7 ,gov]nor & ,advisory ,c\ncil ( twelve all appo9t$ by ,cr[n 7b7 ,assembly p]mitt$ b n feasible2 dep5d$ on w ( ,gov]nor 7c7 ,briti% law1 bo? civil & crim9al1 prevail$ 7d7 ,all money matt]s 9 h&s ( ,c\ncil4 #d4 ,at ?is "t ! ,fr5* greatly outnumb]$ ! ,briti%1 & ! fe> ( ! ,revolution ( ! ,am]ican ,colonies l$ to ! ,fr5* be+ fav\r$ 9 ! ,quebec ,act1 #aggd4 ,,iii4 #aggd to #agia--,quebec ,act to ,con/itutional ,act3 #a4 ,bo? old & new subjects dissatisfi$--! ,fr5* ) ,briti% ,c\rt proc$ure1 ! ,briti% ) ,fr5* feudal cu/oms4 #b4 ,provisions ( ! ,quebec ,act3 7a7 ,*ange ( b\nd>ies 7,see text-book47 7b7 ,gov]nor & ,legislative ,c\ncil appo9t$2 no assembly call$4 7c7 ,fr5* ,civil ,law2 ,briti% ,crim9al ,law 7d7 ,no oa? requir$1 z be=e1 ho/ile to ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*--beg9n+ ( religi\s lib]ty 7e7 ,legislative ,c\ncil _h no control ( taxation ,,iv4 #agia to #ahda--;,con/itutional ,act to ,act ( ,union ,provisions ( ,con/itutional ,act3 #a4 ,upp] & ,l[] ,canada divid$1 because ,fr5* & ,briti% c\ld n agree on _m po9ts4 #b4 ,ea* ,prov9ce _h a ,gov]nor1 a ,legislative ,c\ncil1 a ,legislative ,assembly1 & an ,executive ,c\ncil4 ,! ,legislative ,c\ncil 0 compos$ ( ! highe/ (ficials1 appo9t$ practically = life1 & responsible to no "o4 ,_m ( ^! 7 also memb]s ( ! ,executive ,c\ncil4 ,! ,legislative ,assembly 0 elect$ & 0 yet )\t control ( ! :ole rev5ue1 z ! ,home ,gov]nm5t /ill collect$ all duties regulat+ colonial navigation & comm]ce4 #c4 ,! ,cl]gy ,res]ves 7 e/abli%$2 lat] to become a bone ( cont5tion4 ,v4 #ahda to #ahfg--;,act ( ,union to ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica ,act4 ,! dem&s ( ! p = responsible gov]nm5t1 t is1 = control ( ! ,executive & ( taxation1 became s insi/5t t ! ,act ( ,union 0 pass$1 foll[+ ,"l ,durham's report on ! ,rebellion ( #ahcg4 ,provisions ( ! ,act ( ,union3 #a4 ,legislative ,c\ncil appo9t$ 7#bj memb]s7 #b4 ,legislative ,assembly elect$ 7#db f ea* ,prov9ce1 lat] #fe f ea*7 #c4 ,executive ,c\ncil select$ f bo? ,h\ses #d4 ,a p]man5t ,civil ,li/ ( #ge1jjj 0 grant$ #e4 ,! ,legislative ,assembly controll$ ! re/ ( ! rev5ue4 ,money bills 7 to orig9ate ) ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is 0 really ,responsible ,gov]nm5t1 z x 0 develop$ "u ,elg94 ,,vi4 #ahfg to ! pres5t3 ,! ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica ,act 0 ! /atem5t ( a complete victory ( ! p = ,responsible ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,executive ,c\ncil 7,cab9et7 is :olly responsible to ,p>liam5t1 9 :i* ! memb]s ( ! ,executive mu/ h seats2 ! rais+ & ! sp5d+ ( rev5ue is :olly 9 ! h&s ( ! p's repres5tatives4 ,= a cle> summ>y ( ! concessions won by ,canadians1 see ,b\r9ot1 ,h[ ,canada is ,gov]n$1 page #cd2 see also ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,canada1 pp4 #bfg et seq4 ,,devices ,,maps #a4 ,wall maps = g5]al /udy1 especially ( mod]n hi/ory4 #b4 ,outl9e or sket* maps drawn on ! black-bo>d by ! tea*] or ! pupils = use 9 ! /udy ( e>li] hi/ory1 or explorations1 etc4 ,= ^! purposes ! details ( a wall map are n only n ne$$1 b are r a h9drance4 #c4 ,relief maps ( pla/ic9e1 clay1 or salt & fl\r1 to be made by ! pupils to illu/rate ! influ5ce ( geographical facts 9 hi/ory1 & to make ev5ts 9 hi/ory m real to ! pupils4 ,,pictures #a4 ,_m good hi/orical pictures ( p]sons1 build+s1 monum5ts1 & ev5ts may be collect$ by ! pupils & ! tea*] f magaz9es & newspap]s1 & pa/$ 9 a scrap-book4 7,see ,educational ,pamphlet1 ,no4 #d1 ,visual ,aids 9 ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory47 #b4 ,! ,p]ry ,picture ,co41 ,mald51 ,mass41 publi%es pictures 9 diff]5t sizes1 co/+ f "o c5t upw>d4 ,_m ( ^! are useful 9 tea*+ hi/ory4 ,simil> pictures may be obta9$ f ! ,cosmos ,picture ,co41 ,new ,york4 #c4 ,good picture po/-c>ds c be easily obta9$4 #d4 ,lant]n slides & /]eopticon views may be us$4 7,= li/s ( deal]s & publi%]s ( #c & #d1 see also ,visual ,aids 9 ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory47 ,,museums ,^! (t5 conta9 relics ( e>li] times 9 ! =m ( implem5ts1 ut5sils1 weapons1 dress4 ,a visit to "o w int]e/ pupils4 ,,s\rce ,,books ,"s s\rce books = illu/rat+ e>li] conditions 9 ,ont>io are3 #a4 ,! ,talbot ,rgime4 ,by ,*>les ,oakes ,ermat+]1 ,/4 ,?omas4 #b4 ,pione] ,days4 ,by ,david ,k5n$y1 ,port ,elg94 ,sold by au?or1 #ej;c4 #c4 ,unit$ ,empire ,loyali/s4 ,by ,eg]ton ,ry]son4 ,william ,briggs4 #d4 ,canadian ,con/itutional ,developm5t4 ,select$ spee*es & dispat*es1 #agff-ahfg4 ,by ,eg]ton & ,grant ,murray4 #c4jj4 #e4 ,p5 ,pictures ( ,e>ly ,pione] ,life 9 ,upp] ,canada4 ,william ,briggs1 ,toronto1 #b4jj4 ,,g5ealogical ,,tables ,^? ne$$ to illu/rate special p]iods may be f\nd 9 ! l>g] hi/ories4 ,pupils %\ld be in/ruct$ h[ to int]pret !m4 ,,*ronological ,,*>t ,?is may be made by ! class1 on ! black-bo>d or on a slat$ clo? z ! "w advances4 ,on ! left h& ( a v]tical l9e are set d[n ! dates1 all[+ ! same space = ea* t5 ye>s1 ! close ( ea* decade be+ %[n 9 l>g] figures4 ,on ! "r side are set d[n ! ev5ts 9 _! prop] place4 ,= example1 9 /udy+ ! c>e] ( ,*ampla91 ! ,*>t w be begun z foll[s3 ,,*ampla9 #afjj #afjc ,fir/ visit1 :5 #cf ye>s old1 ) ,pontgrav4 #afjd ,) ,de ,monts & ,p\tr9c\rt he und]takes to colonize ,acadia2 =ms a settlem5t at ,port ,royal4 #afjh ,f\nds ,quebec4 #afji ,explores ,ri*elieu ,riv] & ,lake ,*ampla92 =ms an alliance ) ! ,hurons & ,algonqu9s aga9/ ! ,iroquois4 #afaj ,m>riage4 #afaa ,e/abli%es a trad+ /ation at :at is n[ ,montreal4 #afac ,asc5ds ! ,ottawa ,riv]1 expect+ to f9d ! way to ,*9a2 deceiv$1 returns to ,france4 #afae ,br+s out ! ,recollet ,fa!rs to ,*ri/ianize ! ,indians2 explores ! c\ntry ( ! ,hurons4 #afbj ,a useful *>t :i* %[s ! gr[? ( ,canada is to be f\nd 9 ,taylor's ,c>d9al ,facts ( ,canadian ,hi/ory1 reproduc$ 9 ,duncan's ,! ,canadian ,p4 ,an ,illu/rat$ ,*>t ( ,canadian ,hi/ory is publi%$ by ! ,unit$ ,editors ,company1 ( ,toronto4 ,,note-,,books ,,& ,,class ,,ex]cises ,9 ! ,f\r? ,=m1 pupils %\ld copy into a notebook ! black-bo>d "w--topical outl9es1 "t *>t1 etc41 z a basis = review & = class ex]cises 9 composition4 ,su* a topical summ>y1 ! jo9t "w ( tea*] & class1 is ! be/ means ( review = exam9ation purposes1 :5 "o is held4 ,pupils may occasionally be ask$ to make f ! text-book1 )\t prec$+ class "w1 a topical analysis ei!r ( a subject :i* is treat$ consecutively 9 ! book1 su* z ! ,w> ( #ahab-ad1 or ( a subject t requires ! pupil to collect 8 mat]ial f v>i\s p>ts ( ! book1 or ev5 f sev]al books4 ,9 ! latt] case ! tea*] %\ld direct ! pupil to ! prop] s\rces4 ,,bibliography ,a4 ,,= ,,tea*]s ,i4 ,hi/ories3 7a7 ,engli%3 #a4 ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,p4 ,gre54 #a4ej4 ,! ,macmillan ,company ( ,canada1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #b4 ,ont>io ,high ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 #fe;c4 ,! ,macmillan ,company ( ,canada1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #c4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,briti% ,nation4 ,a4,d4 ,innes4 #a4be4 ,e4,c4 ,t4,c4 ,jack1 ,ed9burgh4 7b7 ,canadian3 #a4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,canada4 ,rob]ts4 #a4jj4 ,! ,macmillan ,company ( ,canada1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #b4 ,/ory ( ,canada 7,/ory ( ! ,nations ,s]ies74 ,b\r9ot4 #a4ej4 ,g4,p4 ,putnam's1 ,new ,york4 #c4 ,a ,hi/orical ,geography ( ! ,briti% ,colonies1 #aj vols4 ,canada3 ,"p ,i1 #a4fj2 ,"p ,,ii1 #a4aj4 ,lucas & ,eg]ton1 ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d4 ,"o ( ! be/ hi/ories ( ,canada2 on a geographical basis4 #d4 ,ont>io ,high ,s*ool ,hi/ory ( ,canada4 ,grant4 #ai;c4 ,! ,t4 ,eaton ,company1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #e4 ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! ,canadian ,p4 ,bryce4 #b4jj4 ,william ,briggs1 ,toronto4 7c7 ,civics3 #a4 ,canadian ,civics4 ,j5k9s4 #ce;c4 ,copp1 ,cl>k ,co41 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #b4 ,h[ ,canada is ,gov]n$4 ,b\r9ot4 #a4jj4 ,copp1 ,cl>k ,co41 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 7d7 ,g5]al ,hi/ory3 #a4 ,g5]al ,sket* ( ,european ,hi/ory4 ,freeman4 #a4jj4 ,! ,macmillan ,co4 ( ,canada1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #b4 ,hi/ory ( ,our ,own ,times4 ,mc,carthy4 #a4be4 ,cr[ell & ,company1 ,new ,york4 #c4 ,! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury--,a ,hi/ory4 ,mac,kenzie4 #a4jj4 ,t4 ,nelson & ,sons1 ,toronto4 ,= help 9 prep>+ lessons e tea*] %\ld possess "o book ( ea* ( ! above classes1 9 addition to ! ,ont>io ,public ,s*ool ,hi/ories4 ,,ii4 ,on ,me?ods3 #a4 ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory & ,civics 9 ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,s*ools4 ,b\rne4 #a4ej4 ,longmans ,gre5 & ,company1 ,london1 ,engl&4 ,! be/ book on g5]al me?od4 #b4 ,me?ods 9 ,hi/ory4 ,mace4 #a4jj4 ,g9n & ,company1 ,new ,york4 #c4 ,special ,me?od 9 ,hi/ory4 ,mc,murry4 #ge;c4 ,! ,macmillan ,company ( ,canada1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 ,b4 ,,mat]ial ,,= ,,class ,,"w ,,especially ,,9 ,,correlat$ ,,subjects #a4 ,read]'s ,guide to ,engli% ,hi/ory4 ,all54 #be;c4 ,g9n & ,company1 ,new ,york4 7,conta9s a li/ ( hi/orical au?orities = ! v>i\s p]iods2 & li/s ( hi/orical poems & fiction to illu/rate ^! p]iods47 #b4 ,s*ool ,atlas ( ,engli% ,hi/ory4 ,s4,r4 ,g>d9]4 #a4ej4 ,longmans1 ,gre5 & ,company1 ,london1 ,engl&4 #c4 ,atlas ( ,canada4 ,publi%$ by ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 ,ottawa4 7,! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior also publi%es maps giv+ ! late/ in=mation conc]n+ railways1 di/ribution ( m9]als1 etc41 :i* c be _h by ask+ = !m47 #d4 ,atlas ( ,anci5t & ,classical ,geography4 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 #be;c4 ,d5t ,co41 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #e4 ,lit]>y & ,hi/orical ,atlas ( ,europe4 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 #be;c4 ,d5t ,co41 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #f4 ,lit]>y & ,hi/orical ,atlas ( ,am]ica4 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 #be;c4 ,d5t ,co41 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 ,c4 ,,hi/orical ,,read]s ,,& ,,supplem5t>y ,,books ,gr\p ,i4 #a4 ,highroads ( ,hi/ory4 #ac ,vols4 ,t4 ,nelson & ,sons1 ,toronto4 ,well illu/rat$2 a great fav\rite ) *ildr54 #b4 ,gateways to ,hi/ory4 #g ,vols4 #is4 #a;d4 ,edw>d ,arnold1 ,london1 ,engl&4 #c4 ,longmans' ,%ip ,hi/orical ,read]s4 #g ,vols4 #is4 ,longmans1 ,gre5 & ,company1 ,london1 ,engl&4 #d4 ,! ,little ,c\s9 ,s]ies4 #be ,vols4 #fj;c4 ea*4 ,! ,page ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,get li/ ( titles & select4 #e4 ,peeps at _m ,l&s & ,cities4 #ej ,vols4 #ej;c4 ea*4 ,! ,macmillan ,company ( ,canada1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 ,get li/ ( titles & select4 ,gr\p ,,ii4 #a4 ,/ories f ,canadian ,hi/ory4 ,m>quis4 #ej;c4 ,copp ,cl>k ,company1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #b4 ,brief ,biographies4 ,supplem5t+ ,canadian ,hi/ory4 ,j4,o4 ,mill]4 #ce;c4 ,copp ,cl>k ,company1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #c4 ,/ories ( ! ,maple ,l&4 ,c4,a4 ,"y4 #be;c4 ,copp ,cl>k ,company1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #d4 ,h]o9es ( ,canadian ,hi/ory4 ,w4,s4 ,h]r+ton4 ,clo? #cj;c41 pap] #ah;c4 ,wm4 ,briggs1 ,toronto4 #e4 ,ry]son ,memorial ,volume4 ,j4,g4 ,hodg9s4 ,a graphic sket* ( ! old log s*ool-h\se & its belong+s1 & ! life ( a pione] tea*]4 #f4 ,/ories ( ,new ,france4 ,ma*> & ,m>quis4 #a4ej4 ,briggs1 ,toronto4 #g4 ,m>tyrs ( ,new ,france4 ,h]r+ton4 #fj;c4 ,briggs1 ,toronto4 ,gr\p ,,iii4 #a4 ,fifty ,fam\s ,/ories ,retold4 ,baldw94 #ce;c4 ,! ,am]ican ,book ,company1 ,new ,york4 #b4 ,?irty ,m ,fam\s ,/ories4 ,baldw94 #ej;c4 ,! ,am]ican ,book ,company1 ,new ,york4 #c4 ,book ( ,leg5ds4 ,scudd]4 ,riv]side ,lit]ature ,s]ies #ae;c4 ,copp ,cl>k ,company1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #d4 ,leg5ds ,e ,*ild ,%\ld ,"k4 ,ed4 ,h4,w4 ,mabie4 #ij;c4 ,d\bl$ay1 ,page & ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,gr\p ,,iv4--,miscellane\s3 #a4 ,h]oes ,e ,*ild ,%\ld ,"k4 ,ed4 ,h4,w4 ,mabie4 #fj;c4 ,d\bl$ay1 ,new ,york4 #b4 ,fam\s ,m5 ( ,greece4 #ej;c4 ,! ,am]ican ,book ,company1 ,new ,york4 #c4 ,fam\s ,m5 ( ,rome4 ,! ,am]ican ,book ,company1 ,new ,york4 #d4 ,fam\s ,m5 ( ! ,middle ,ages4 #ej;c4 ,! ,am]ican ,book ,company1 ,new ,york4 #e4 ,fam\s ,m5 ( ,mod]n ,times4 #ej;c4 ,! ,am]ican ,book ,co41 ,new ,york4 #f4 ,/ories ( ,great ,inv5tors4 ,macombe4 #dj;c4 ,wm4 ,briggs1 ,toronto4 #g4 ,cal5d> ,/ories4 ,m4,p4 ,boyle4 #cj;c4 ,mc,clelland1 ,good*ild1 ,/ew>t1 ,toronto4 #h4 ,t5 ,boys ,:o ,liv$ on ! ,road ,f ,long ,ago to ,n[4 ,jane ,&rews4 #ge;c4 ,s*4 ed4 #fj;c4 ,g9n & ,company1 ,new ,york4 #i4 ,sev5 ,little ,si/]s4 ,jane ,&rews4 #ge;c4 ,s*4 ed4 #ej;c4 ,g9n & ,company1 ,new ,york4 #aj4 ,! ,romance ( ,canadian ,hi/ory4 ,selections f ,p>kman2 edit$ by ,pelham ,edg>4 #ge;c4 ,! ,macmillan ,company ( ,canada1 ,ltd41 ,toronto4 #aa4 ,engli% ,life #cjj ,ye>s ,ago4 ,trevelyan4 #as4 ,me?u5 & ,company1 ,london4 #ab4 ,little ,j\rneys to ! ,homes ( ,great ,re=m]s1 ,great ,orators1 ,great ,tea*]s1 ,engli% ,au?ors1 ,good m5 & ,great4 ,hubb>d4 #aj;c ea*4 ,! ,roycr(t]s1 ,ea/ ,aurora1 ,n4,y4 ,9 ,gr\p ,i ! fir/1 & any ( ! o!rs may be read4 ,! fir/ are v int]e/+ & great fav\rites ) *ildr54 ,9 ,gr\ps ,,ii & ,,iii "o ( ea* may be tak5 z !y1 to "s ext5t1 cov] ! same gr\nd4 ,all ( ^? 9 ,gr\p ,,iv are useful1 & may be add$ z opportunity p]mits4 ,,app5dix ,,! ,,fir/ ,,*ri/mas ,,tree ,did y ev] he> ! /ory ( ! fir/ ,*ri/mas tree8 ,?is is ! way x 0 told to me3 ,m>t9 ,lu!r 0 a good man :o liv$ 9 ,g]many long ago4 ,"o ,*ri/mas ,eve he 0 walk+ to 8 home4 ,! night 0 cold & fro/y ) _m />s 9 ! sky4 ,he ?\ght he _h nev] se5 />s look s bright4 ,:5 he got home he tri$ to tell 8 wife & *ildr5 h[ pretty ! />s 71 b !y didn't seem to und]/&4 ,s ,lu!r w5t out into 8 g>d5 & cut a little ev]gre5 tree4 ,?is he set up 9 ! room & fa/5$ t9y c&les all ov] x1 & :5 he _h light$ !m !y %one l />s4 ,"o ( ,lu!r's neighb\rs came 9 t night1 & :5 %e saw ! tree %e ?\ght h[ "o w\ld please h] *ildr54 ,soon %e _h "o 9 h] h\se1 too4 ,& ! idea spread f "o h\se to ano!r until !re 7 ,*ri/mas trees all ov] ,g]many4 ,que5 ,victoria ( ,engl& 0 m>ri$ to a ,g]man pr9ce1 & ! ,g]man cu/om ( a ,*ri/mas tree = ! *ildr5 0 foll[$ 9 ! royal palace4 ,( c\rse aft] ! ,que5 _h a tree o!r p mu/ h "o1 too4 ,s ! ,*ri/mas tree came to ,engl&4 ,! little ,fr5* boys & girls h n _h !m s long4 ,n v _m ye>s ago !re 0 a w> betwe5 ,france & ,g]many4 ,at ,*ri/mas "t ! ,g]man soldi]s 7 9 ,p>is4 ,!y felt sorry to be s f> f _! own little boys & girls on ,*ri/mas eve4 ,b !y knew h[ to h some?+ to rem9d !m ( home4 ,e soldi] :o c\ld got a little ev]gre5 tree & put c&les on x4 ,! ,fr5* saw !m1 & 7 s pleas$ t n[1 e ye>1 !y too h ,*ri/mas trees4 ,s _m p f ,engl&1 & f ,g]many1 & f ,france h come to our c\ntry to live1 ( c\rse1 we too h le>n$ ab\t ,*ri/mas trees4 ,& t is :y y & s _m o!r little girls & boys h su* pretty trees on ,*ri/mas eve4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,ea/] ,,bunny ,*ildi% voices are ask+ :y ! rabbit is se5 ) ! eggs & ! *ick5s t fill ! %op w9d[s & %[-cases at ,ea/]4 ,! leg5d t e/abli%$ ! h>e z a symbol ( ! ,ea/]tide is n g5]ally kn[n4 ,x is ( ,g]man orig9 & runs z foll[s3 ,_m ye>s ago1 dur+ a cruel w>1 ! ,du*ess ( ,l9d5burg ) h] two *ildr5 & an old s]vant fl$ = safety to a little obscure village 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,%e f\nd ! p v poor1 & "o ?+ t surpris$ h] mu* 0 t !y us$ no eggs4 ,%e le>n$ t !y _h nev] se5 or he>d ( h5s1 & s :5 ! old s]vant w5t to get tid+s ( 8 ma/] & ( ! w> he br\ght back ) him "s ( ^! birds4 ,! simple village folk 7 greatly int]e/$ 9 ! /range f[l1 & :5 !y saw ! t9y yell[ *ick5s break+ _! way out ( ! eggs !y 7 full ( delight4 ,b ! ,du*ess 0 sadd5$ by ! ?\ght t ,ea/] 0 draw+ ne> & t %e _h no gifts = ! little m\nta9 *ildr54 ,!n an idea came to h]4 ,! spr+ 0 beg9n+ to col\r ! e>? ) leaves & fl[]s1 & %e made bright dyes out ( h]bs & roots & col\r$ ! eggs4 ,!n ! *ildr5 7 invit$ to visit ! ,du*ess1 & %e told !m /ories ( ! glad ,ea/] day1 & aft]w>ds bade ea* make a ne/ ( moss among ! bu%es4 ,:5 !y _h all enjoy$ ! little fea/ provid$ 9 _! hon\r1 !y w5t back to ! woods to look at _! ne/s4 ,lo6 9 ea* 7 five col\r$ eggs4 ,:at a good h5 x mu/ h be5 to lay su* beautiful eggs1 said "o *ild4 ,x c\ld n h be5 a h51 said ano!r4 ,! eggs t ! h5s lay are :ite4 ,x mu/ h be5 ! rabbit t jump$ out ( ! tree :5 ,i made my ne/4 ,& all ! *ildr5 agre$ t x 0 ! rabbit1 & to ?is day ! my/ic ,bunny is suppos$ to br+ eggs & gifts at ,ea/] to ! little *ildr5 ( ! fa!rl& :o h be5 lov+ & k9d dur+ ! ye>4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,/4 ,,val5t9e ,once ^u a "t1 !re liv$ 9 a mona/]y across ! sea a humble monk call$ ,val5t9e4 ,e bro!r save himself seem$ to h "s special gift4 ,n[ !re 0 ,bro!r ,angelo1 :o 0 an arti/1 & pa9t$ su* wond]ful ,madonnas t x seem$ z if ! holy "m mu/ /ep d[n f ! frame & bless h] *ildr54 ,bro!r ,vittorio _h a wond]ful voice1 & on sa9ts' days ! mona/]y *apel w\ld be cr[d$ ) visitors1 :o came f f> & ne> j to li/5 to t wond]ful voice z x so>$ up among ! dim old ar*es4 ,bro!r ,anselmo 0 a doctor1 & knew ! virtues ( all roots1 h]bs1 & drugs1 & 0 kept v busy go+ ab\t among ! sick1 foll[$ by _! te>ful1 grateful bless+4 ,bro!r ,johannes 0 skill$ 9 illum9at+1 & ,val5t9e (t5 wat*$ ! page gr[ "u 8 clev] h&4 ,h[ beautiful w\ld !n be ! gospel /ory 9 brightly-col\r$ lett]s1 ) da9ty fl[]s1 bright-w+$ butt]flies1 & d[ny1 ne/l+ birds ab\t ! bord]s6 ,bro!r ,paul 0 a great tea*] 9 ! mona/]y s*ool1 & ev5 le>n$ s*ol>s came to consult him4 ,fri> ,john rul$ ! affairs ( ! little mona/]y _w ) wisdom & prud5ce4 ,inde$1 out ( ! :ole numb] only ,val5t9e seem$ )\t special tal5t4 ,! poor man felt x ke5ly4 ,he long$ to d "s great ?+4 ,:y did n ! good ,god give me a voice l ,vittorio or a skill$ h& l ,angelo8 he w\ld (t5 inquire ( himself bitt]ly4 ,"o day z he sat sadly mus+ on ^! ?+s1 a voice )9 him said cle>ly & e>ne/ly3 ,d ! little ?+s1 ,val5t9e2 !re ! bless+ lies4 ,:at are ! little ?+s8 ask$ ,val5t9e1 mu* p]plex$4 ,b no answ] came to ?is "q4 ,l e "o else1 ,val5t9e _h to f9d 8 "w himself4 ,he _h a little plot :]e he lov$ to "w1 & ! o!r monks said t ,val5t9e's p9ks1 lilies1 & violets 7 l>g] & bright] ?an any rais$ 9 ! :ole mona/]y g>d54 ,he us$ to ga!r bun*es ( 8 fl[]s & drop !m into ! *ubby h&s ( *ildr5 z !y trott$ to s*ool "u ! gray mona/]y walls4 ,_m a happy village bride wore 8 roses on h] way to ! alt>4 ,sc>cely a c(f9 0 tak5 to ! cemet]y b ,val5t9e's lilies or violets fill$ ! sil5t h&s4 ,he got to "k ! bir?day ( e *ild 9 ! village1 & 0 fond ( hang+ on ! cottage door "s little gift 8 lov+ h&s _h made4 ,he c\ld m5d a *ild's brok5 w9dmill & c>ve qua9t faces f walnut %ells4 ,he made beautiful crosses ( silv]y gray li*5s1 & press$ mosses & rosy we$s f ! sea%ore4 ,! same t5d] h&s 7 ready to pick up a fall5 baby1 or c>ry ! wat] bucket = "s we>y "m4 ,ev]ybody le>n$ to love ! good ,bro!r ,val5t9e4 ,! *ildr5 clung to 8 long1 gray skirts1 & ! babies crept out on ! /reets to receive 8 pat on _! %9+ hair4 ,ev5 ! cats & dogs rubb$ aga9/ him1 & ! little birds flutt]$ ne> him unafraid4 ,/4 ,val5t9e grew old1 lov+ & belov$1 nev] dream+ t he _h f\nd 8 great ?+4 ,:5 ! simple monk di$ ! :ole c\ntryside m\rn$1 & hundr$s came to look = ! la/ "t on ! quiet face 9 ! rude c(f94 ,a great duke walk$ b>e-head$ aft] t c(f91 & "o ( ! mo/ not$ bro!rs ( ! *ur* spoke ! la/ words ( bless+ to ! weep+ p4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 x 0 rememb]$ h[ sweet _h be5 8 little gifts1 & ! villag]s said3 ,let u1 too1 give gifts to our fri5ds on ! good ,val5t9e's bir?day4 ,s ev] s9ce has ! pretty cu/om be5 c>ri$ out1 & on ,/4 ,val5t9e's day we s5d our fri5ds little tok5s ( remembrance to say we love !m4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,?anksgiv+ ,x is ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s s9ce ! fir/ ,?anksgiv+ ,day4 ,?\gh we h ev5 m to be grateful =1 ,i ?9k t !re are n _m ( u :o feel q s ?ankful z ! little h&ful ( p :o set ap>t ! fir/ ,?anksgiv+ ,day4 ,!re 7 n v _m ( !m1 j "o little village 9 a big =e/ l&1 & by ! edge ( a great ocean4 ,"h1 on ! map1 is :]e !y liv$4 ,x is on ! nor?-ea/]n %ores ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & is call$ ,plym\?4 ,! p ,i am tell+ y ab\t gave x t "n :5 !y came to x1 ne>ly two ye>s be=e !y _h _! fir/ ,?anksgiv+ ,day4 ,x 0 ! "n ( ! la/ t[n !y _h se5 9 ,engl&4 ,"h1 on ! map1 is ! ,engli% ,plym\?1 & y see :at a long trip !y _h 9 _! little vessel1 call$ ! ,mayfl[]1 to _! new home4 ,y /ill wond] :y !y travell$ s f> to make new homes = !mselves4 ,x 0 because !y want$ to wor%ip ,god 9 _! own way t !y left ,engl&4 ,!y 7 n afraid ( ! long voyage & all its h>d%ips2 = !y felt sure !y 7 do+ z ,god wi%$ !m to d4 ,!y arriv$ safely1 too1 & built _! little village by ! sea--! new ,plym\?4 ,"o ( ! fir/ build+s !y put up 0 a little log *ur*4 ,! fir/ ye> 0 v h>d = ev]ybody4 ,! w9t] 0 cold] ?an any !y _h ev] kn[n 9 ,engl&1 & _! h\ses 7 small & poorly built4 ,!y c\ld n get any lett]s or news f _! fri5ds 9 ,engl& = _m mon?s4 ,food 0 n sc>ce1 = !re 0 always pl5ty ( game & fi%4 ,b x 0 su* a *ange f _! old way ( liv+ t _m p became ill1 & 9 ! spr+ !re 7 _m graves4 ,b ! wor/ ?+ ab\t ! new l& 0 ! ,indians4 ,^! ,engli% p 7 afraid ( !m--& ) good reason1 too1 = !y 7 v fi]ce & sometimes v cruel4 ,!y tri$ n to let ! ,indians "k h[ few !y 71 & ev5 plant$ gra9 ab\t ! graves 9 ! *ur*y>d s t ! ,indians c\ld n c\nt h[ _m _h di$4 ,b "o ( ! ,indian ,*iefs 0 fri5dly to ! ,engli% & kept ! o!r tribes f mak+ w> on !m1 & ! second summ] !y _h a great h>ve/ & ev]y?+ 0 m com=table4 ,x 0 9 t autumn1 j aft] ! gra9 0 ga!r$1 t ! m9i/] spoke to !m "o ,sunday ab\t hav+ a ,?anksgiv+ day4 ,x seeme? "r1 he said1 ,god ha? grant$ u peace & pl5ty4 ,he has bless$ u ) a dwell+-place ( peace4 ,he has held back ! savage r$ man f br++ h>m to u4 ,!re=e let u appo9t a day ( ,?anksgiv+4 ,aft] t all ! p1 ev5 ! boys & girls1 7 busy gett+ ready4 ,! m5 took _! guns & fi%+-rods & w5t into ! =e/1 & br\ght home f[l1 fi%1 & de]1 & p]haps be> meat z well4 ,! boys & girls ga!r$ wild plums1 & grapes1 & corn1 & br\ght 9 pumpk9s f ! g>d5s2 & ! wom5 made pies1 pudd+s1 cakes1 & bread1 & bak$ ! meat & corn4 ,!y _h great piles ( cakes1 & r[s & r[s ( pies1 & loaves ( bread & platt]s ( meat1 = !y all expect$ company4 ,y c\ld n guess1 ,i am sure1 :o 0 com+6 ,!y _h s5t ^w to ! ,indians ne> to come & sp5d ,?anksgiv+ ,day ) !m4 ,d y suppose !y came8 ,inde$ !y did4 ,!y came be=e breakfa/ & /ay$ until long aft] supp]1 & _h a good "t1 & ta/$ ev]y?+ ! :ite wom5 _h cook$1 & nodd$ _! heads & said1 ,h[ a great _m times1 to say x 0 good4 ,"s ( ! little girls & boys 7 half afraid ( !m1 b !y ne$ n h be52 = t day ! ,indians felt v k9dly t[>d ! ,engli%4 ,ask pupils to m5tion ?+s = :i* !y are ?ankful4 ,,lett] ,,f ,,m>y ,,que5 ,,( ,,scots1 ,,to ,,que5 ,,elizabe? ,believe1 ,madame 7& ! doctors :om y s5t to me ?is la/ summ] c h =m$ an op9ion71 t ,i am n likely long to be 9 a condition :i* c ju/ify jeal\sy or di/ru/4 ,& ?is not)/&+1 exact f me su* assurances1 & j & reasonable conditions z y wi%4 ,sup]ior =ce is always on y\r side to make me keep !m1 ev5 ?\gh = any reason :atev] ,i %\ld wi% to break !m4 ,y h _h f obs]vation en\gh exp]i5ce ( my b>e promises1 sometimes ev5 to my own damage1 z ,i %[$ y on ?is subject two ye>s ago4 ,rememb]1 if y please1 :at ,i !n wrote y1 & t 9 no way c\ld y s mu* w9 ov] my he>t to y\rself z by k9dness1 al?\gh y h conf9$ =ev] my poor body to langui% betwe5 f\r walls2 ^? ( my rank & disposition n p]mitt+ !mselves to be ga9$ ov] or =c$ by any am\nt ( h>%ness4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 conclusion1 ,i h to reque/ two ?+s especially2 ! "o t z ,i am ab\t to leave ?is _w ,i may h by me = my consolation "s hon\rable *ur*man1 9 ord] t ,i may daily exam9e ! road t ,i h to trav]se & be in/ruct$ h[ to complete x accord+ to my religion1 9 :i* ,i am firmly resolv$ to live & die4 ,?is is a la/ duty :i* _c be d5i$ to ! mo/ wret*$ & mis]able p]son alive2 x is a lib]ty :i* y give to all =eign ambassadors1 j z all o!r ,ca?olic k+s all[ y\rs ! practice ( _! religion4 ,& z = myself1 h ,i ev] =c$ my own subjects to d any?+ aga9/ _! religion ev5 :5 ,i _h all p[] & au?ority ov] !m8 ,& y _c ju/ly br+ x to pass t ,i %\ld be 9 ?is extremity depriv$ ( su* a privilege4 ,:at advantage c accrue to y f d5y+ me ?is8 ,i hope t ,god w =give me if1 oppress$ by y 9 ?is wise1 ,i d n cease f pay+ ,him t duty :i* 9 my he>t w be p]mitt$4 ,b y w give a v ill example to o!r pr9ces ( ,*ri/5dom ( employ+ t[>ds _! subjects & relatives1 ! same h>%ness :i* y mete out to me1 a sov]eign que5 & y\r ne>e/ relative1 z ,i am & %all be 9 spite ( my enemies s long z ,i live4 ,,index ,aims ( ,/udy1 #ac ,am\nt ( ,mat]ial1 #ah ,app5dix1 #acf ,fir/ ,*ri/mas ,tree1 ,!1 #acf ,fir/ ,?anksgiv+1 ,!1 #adj ,lett] ( ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots1 #adc ,orig9 ( ! ,ea/] ,bunny1 #acg ,/ory ( ,/4 ,val5t9e1 #ach ,bibliography1 #acj ,black-bo>d ,"w 9 ,tea*+ ,hi/ory1 #bg1 #ca1 #dj1 #dg1 #ej ,capture ( ,quebec1 ,!1 #ff ,*>act]i/ics ( a ,good ,text-book1 #bd ,*ronological ,*>t1 #abh ,*ronological ,me?od1 #ba ,civics1 #bj1 #ea1 #eb ,civilization & ,inv5tions1 #aai ,cl]gy ,res]ves1 ,!1 #cf ,col\rs ( ! ,flag1 ,!1 #gc ,comb9ation ( ,me?ods1 #be ,comp>ative ,me?od1 #bb ,conc5tric ,me?od1 #bb ,conf$]ation ( ! ,canadian ,prov9ces1 #ajg ,con/itutional ,lib]ty 9 ,canada1 #abd ,correlation ( ,subjects1 #ci1 #dj1 #ej ,c\rse ( ,/udy1 #a ,curr5t ,ev5ts1 #di ,dates1 #dg ,devices = ,tea*+1 #abg ,dramatization ( ,hi/ory1 #df ,drill & ,review1 #ca ,empire ,day1 #ge ,feudal ,sy/em1 #ajj ,fir/ ,*ri/mas ,tree1 ,!1 #acf ,fir/ ,?anksgiv+1 ,!1 #adj ,flag1 ,!1 #fh ,flag ,days1 #gb ,flor5ce ,night+ale1 #fb ,g5ealogical ,tables1 #cg1 #abh ,hi/orical ,s5se1 ,!1 #ag ,hi/ory & ,art1 #de ,*ronology1 #dg ,composition1 #bf1 #df ,con/ructive ,"w1 #dd1 #fg ,geography1 #dj1 #ajh ,lit]ature1 #da ,oral ,read+1 #bf ,sci5ce1 #dc1 #aai ,h[ to ,make ,hi/ory ,real1 #cd ,illu/rative ,lessons1 #fj ,type ,lesson 9 ! ,/ory ,/age1 #fj ,fir/ ,?anksgiv+1 ,!1 #fa ,flor5ce ,night+ale1 #fb ,po/ma/]1 #fe ,capture ( ,quebec1 ,!1 #ff ,com+ ( ! ,unit$ ,empire ,loyali/s1 ,!1 #fg ,flag1 ,!1 #fh ,sugge/ions = ,empire ,day1 #ge ,eg]ton ,ry]son1 #gh ,! ,int]colonial ,railway1 #hb ,! ,indu/rial ,revolution1 #hg ,! ,road to ,ca?ay1 #ib ,! ,armada1 #ig ,! ,feudal ,sy/em1 #ajj ,seigniorial ,t5ure1 #ajc ,conf$]ation ( ! ,canadian ,prov9ces1 #ajg ,influ5ce ( ,geographical ,conditions on ,hi/ory1 #ajh ,! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv]1 #aab ,relations ,betwe5 ,engl& & ,scotl&1 #aad ,analysis ( ,secs4 #afj-agj 9 ,ont>io ,p4,s4 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 #aaf ,outl9es = ,reviews1 #aah ,! ,developm5t ( ,civilization1 #aai ,! ,new ,le>n+1 #aba ,! ,fight = ,con/itutional ,lib]ty 9 ,canada1 #abd ,importance ( ,facts 9 ,hi/ory1 #ai ,indu/rial ,revolution1 ,!1 #hg ,influ5ce ( ,geography on ,hi/ory1 #ajh1 #aaj ,in=mation ,/age1 ,!1 #ah ,int]e/1 #af1 #ai1 #cd1 #ch1 #dd1 #eh1 #gh ,int]colonial ,railway1 ,!1 #hb ,inv5tions & ,hi/ory1 #dc1 #hg1 #aai ,lett] ( ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots1 #adc ,local ,mat]ial1 #ea ,maps1 #ce1 #dj1 #fh1 #abg ,memoriz+ ,hi/ory1 #ch ,me?ods = ,=ms ,i & ,,ii1 #be ,=m ,,iii1 #bf ,=m ,,iv1 #bh1 #gh ,moral ,value ( ,hi/ory1 #ad1 #bh1 #ec ,museums1 #abh ,new ,le>n+1 ,!1 #aba ,newspap]s1 #di ,note-books1 #ca1 #abi ,oral ,me?od1 ,!1 #bc1 #be1 #bg1 #bh1 #cd1 #eh1 #fj1 #fb1 #fd ,orig9 ( ! ,ea/] ,bunny1 #acg ,patriotism1 #ac ,pictures1 #ce1 #de1 #abg ,po/ma/]1 #fe ,problems 9 ,hi/ory1 #ad1 #cc1 #cf1 #da1 #ff1 #fg1 #fh1 #gf1 #gh1 #hc1 #aai ,reflective ,/age1 #ah ,regressive ,me?od1 #bb ,relations ( ,engl& & ,scotl&1 #aad ,reviews1 #bc1 #ca1 #ci1 #ib1 #aab1 #aah ,road to ,ca?ay1 #ib ,ry]son1 ,eg]ton1 #gh ,scope ( ,/udy1 #ae ,seigniorial ,t5ure1 #ajc ,s\rce ,books1 #cg1 #abh1 #adc ,spani% ,armada1 #ig ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv]1 #aab ,/4 ,val5t9e1 #ach ,/ages ( ,/udy1 #ae ,/ory ,/age1 #ae ,/ory ,tell+1 #a1 #ae1 #ag ,taxation1 #aa1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg ,tea*] ( ,hi/ory1 #eg ,text-book ,me?od1 #bd ,topical ,analysis1 #ba1 #gh1 #hg1 #ig1 #ajg1 #aad1 #aaf1 #abd ,topical ,me?od1 #ba ,tra9+ 9 ! ,use ( ! ,text-book1 #bi ,unit$ ,empire ,loyali/s1 #fg ,union ,jack1 #fh1 #gd ,use ( ,problems 9 ,hi/ory1 #ad1 #cc1 #cf1 #da1 #ff1 #fg1 #fh1 #gf1 #gh1 #hc1 #aai ,:]e to ,beg9 ! ,/udy ( ,hi/ory1 #ai