,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,man ,,view$ ,,9 ,,! ,,light ,,( ,,8 ,,orig9 ,,by ,,john ,,fiske ,,tw5tie? ,,edition4 ,,bo/on ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,& ,,company #ahic ,copyright1 #ahhd1 ,,by ,,john ,,fiske4 ,,to ,,my ,,*ildr51 ,,maud1 ,,h>old1 ,,cl>5ce1 ,,ralph1 ,,e!l1 ,,& ,,h]b]t1 ,?is ,essay ,,is ,,lov+ly ,,d$icat$4 ,,preface4 ,hav+ be5 invit$ to give an address be=e ! ,concord ,s*ool ( ,philosophy ?is summ]1 ^u "s subject relat+ to ! "q ( immortality !re "u discussion1 x seem$ a prop] occasion = putt+ toge!r ! foll[+ ?\ghts on ! orig9 ( ,man & 8 place 9 ! univ]se4 ,9 deal+ ) ! unkn[n1 x is well to take "o's />t a long way )9 ! limits ( ! kn[n4 ,! "q ( a future life is g5]ally reg>d$ z ly+ outside ! range ( legitimate sci5tific discussion4 ,yet :ile fully admitt+ ?is1 "o does n necess>ily admit t ! subject is "o ) reg>d to :i* we are =ev] deb>r$ f ent]ta9+ an op9ion4 ,n[ our op9ions on su* transc5d5tal que/ions mu/ necess>ily be affect$ by ! total mass ( our op9ions on ! que/ions :i* lie )9 ! scope ( sci5tific inquiry2 & f ?is po9t ( view x becomes ( surpass+ int]e/ to trace ! c>e] ( ,humanity )9 t segm5t ( ! univ]se :i* is accessible to u4 ,! tea*+s ( ! doctr9e ( evolution z to ! orig9 & de/9y ( ,man h1 moreov]1 a v great speculative & practical value ( _! own1 q ap>t f _! be>+s ^u any ultimate que/ions4 ,! body ( ?is essay is accord+ly devot$ to sett+ =? ^! tea*+s 9 :at ,i conceive to be _! true light2 :ile _! transc5d5tal implications are res]v$ = ! sequel4 ,z ! essay conta9s an epitome ( my own orig9al contributions to ! doctr9e ( evolution1 ,i h add$ at ! end a %ort li/ ( ref]5ces to o!r works ( m9e1 :]e ! po9ts "h briefly m5tion$ are m fully argu$ & illu/rat$4 ,! views reg>d+ ! progress ( human society1 & ! elim9ation ( w>f>e1 are set =? at great] l5g? 9 a little book n[ 9 ! press1 & soon to appe>1 entitl$ ,am]ican ,political ,ideas4 ,,pet]%am1 ,septemb] #f1 #ahhd4 ,,cont5ts4 ,i4 ,man's ,place 9 ,nature z affect$ by ! ,cop]nican ,!ory4 ,,ii4 ,z affect$ by ,d>w9ism4 ,,iii4 ,on ! ,e>? !re w nev] be a ,high] ,creature ?an ,man4 ,,iv4 ,! ,orig9 ( ,infancy4 ,v4 ,! ,dawn+ ( ,consci\sness4 ,,vi4 ,l5g!n+ ( ,infancy & ,concomitant ,increase ( ,bra9-,surface4 ,,vii4 ,*ange 9 ! ,direction ( ! ,work+ ( ,natural ,selection4 ,,viii4 ,gr[+ ,pr$om9ance ( ! ,psy*ical ,life4 ,,ix4 ,! ,orig9s ( ,society & ( ,morality4 ,x4 ,improvabl5ess ( ,man4 ,,xi4 ,univ]sal ,w>f>e ( ,primeval ,m54 ,,xii4 ,fir/ *eck$ by ! ,beg9n+s ( ,indu/rial ,civilisation4 ,,xiii4 ,me?ods ( ,political ,developm5t1 & ,elim9ation ( ,w>f>e4 ,,xiv4 ,end ( ! ,work+ ( ,natural ,selection ^u ,man4 ,?r[+ (f ! ,brute-,inh]itance4 ,,xv4 ,! ,message ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,,xvi4 ,! ,"q z to a ,future ,life4 ,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,man4 ,i4 ,man's ,place 9 ,nature1 z affect$ by ! ,cop]nican ,!ory4 ,:5 we /udy ! ,div9e ,com$y ( ,dante--t wond]ful book :]e9 all ! k & speculation1 all ! sorr[s & ye>n+s1 ( ! f>-(f ,middle ,ages are en%r9$ 9 ! glory ( imp]i%able v]se--we are br\ght face to face ) a !ory ( ! _w & ) ways ( reason+ ab\t ! facts ( nature :i* seem /range to u to-day1 b f ! influ5ce ( :i* we are n yet1 & d\btless nev] %all be1 :olly fre$4 ,a cosmology grotesque en\gh 9 ! light ( lat] k1 yet wr\ght out no less c>efully ?an ! physical !ories ( ,lucretius1 is employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( a !ology cumbr\s 9 its obsolete details1 b re/+ ^u fundam5tal tru?s :i* mank9d c nev] safely lose sight (4 ,9 ! view ( ,dante & ( t phase ( human culture :i* f\nd 9 him its cle>e/ & sweete/ voice1 ?is e>?1 ! fair home ( man1 0 plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( a univ]se :]e9 all ?+s 7 orda9$ = 8 sole beho(3 ! sun to give him light & w>m?1 ! />s 9 _! c\rses to preside ov] 8 /rangely *eck]$ de/9ies1 ! w9ds to bl[1 ! floods to rise1 or ! fi5d ( pe/il5ce to /alk abroad ov] ! l&1--all = ! bless+1 or ! w>n+1 or ! *id+1 ( ! *ief among ,god's creatures1 ,man4 ,^u "s su* conception z ?is1 inde$1 all !ology w\ld seem naturally to re/4 ,once de?rone ,humanity1 reg>d x z a m]e local incid5t 9 an endless & aimless s]ies ( cosmical *anges1 & y arrive at a doctr9e :i*1 "u :atev] speci\s "n x may be veil$1 is at bottom nei!r m nor less ?an ,a!ism4 ,on its metaphysical side ,a!ism is ! d5ial ( any?+ psy*ical 9 ! univ]se outside ( human consci\sness2 & x is almo/ insep>ably associat$ ) ! mat]iali/ic int]pretation ( human consci\sness z ! ephem]al result ( a fleet+ collocation ( p>ticles ( matt]4 ,view$ ^u ?is side1 x is easy to %[ t ,a!ism is v bad metaphysics1 :ile ! mat]ialism :i* goes ) x is utt]ly condemn$ by mod]n sci5ce4#a ,b our feel+ t[>d ,a!ism goes mu* deep] ?an ! m]e recognition ( x z philosophically untrue4 ,! mood 9 :i* we condemn x is n at all l ! mood 9 :i* we reject ! corpuscul> !ory ( light or ,sir ,g4,c4 ,lewis's vag>ies on ! subject ( ,egyptian hi]oglyphics4 ,we are wont to look ^u ,a!ism ) unspeakable horror & loa?+4 ,our moral s5se revolts aga9/ x no less ?an our intellig5ce2 & ?is is because1 on its practical side1 ,a!ism w\ld remove ,humanity f its peculi> position 9 ! _w1 & make x ca/ 9 its lot ) ! grass t )]s & ! bea/s t p]i%2 & ?us ! ri* & v>i$ life ( ! univ]se1 9 all ! ages ( its wondr\s duration1 becomes depriv$ ( any su* elem5t ( purpose z c make x intelligible to u or appeal to our moral sympa?ies & religi\s aspirations4 ,& yet ! fir/ result ( "s ( ! gr&e/ & mo/ irrefragable tru?s ( mod]n sci5ce1 :5 newly discov]$ & dimly compreh5d$1 has be5 to make x appe> t ,humanity mu/ be rudely unseat$ f its ?rone 9 ! _w & made to occupy an utt]ly subord9ate & trivial position2 & x is because ( ?is mi/ak5 view ( _! import t ! ,*ur* has s (t5 & s bitt]ly oppos$ ! tea*+ ( su* tru?s4 ,) ! adv5t ( ! ,cop]nican a/ronomy ! funnel-%ap$ ,inf]no1 ! /eep m\nta9 ( ,purgatory cr[n$ ) its t]re/rial p>adise1 & ^? conc5tric sph]es ( ,heav5 :]e9 beatifi$ sa9ts held weird & subtle conv]se1 all w5t _! way to ! limbo prep>$ = ! *ildlike fancies ( untaught m9ds1 :i!r ,hades & ,valhalla _h gone be=e !m4 ,9 our day x is h>d to realize ! />tl+ effect ( ! discov]y t ,man does n dwell at ! c5tre ( ?+s1 b is ! d5iz5 ( an obscure & t9y speck ( cosmical matt] q invisible amid ! innum]able ?rong ( flam+ suns t make up our galaxy4 ,to ! contempor>ies ( ,cop]nicus ! new !ory seem$ to /rike at ! v f\ndations ( ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,9 a univ]se :]e s mu* _h be5 made )\t disc]nible ref]5ce to ,man1 :at became ( t elaborate s*eme ( salvation :i* seem$ to re/ ^u ! assumption t ! c>e] ( ,humanity 0 ! sole object ( ,god's creative =e?\ght & fo/]+ c>e8 ,:5 we be> ?is 9 m9d1 we see h[ natural & inevitable x 0 t ! ,*ur* %\ld p]secute su* m5 z ,galileo & ,bruno4 ,at ! same "t x is in/ructive to obs]ve t1 :ile ! ,cop]nican a/ronomy has become firmly e/abli%$ 9 spite ( prie/ly opposition1 ! f\ndations ( ,*ri/ian !ology h n be5 %ak5 !reby4 ,x is n t ! "q :i* once s sorely puzzl$ m5 has ev] be5 settl$1 b t x has be5 outgr[n4 ,! speculative necessity = man's occupy+ ! l>ge/ & mo/ c5tral spot 9 ! univ]se is no long] felt4 ,x is recogniz$ z a primitive & *ildi% notion4 ,) our l>g] k we see t ^! va/ & fi]y suns are aft] all b ! ,titan l s]vants ( ! little planets :i* !y be> ) !m 9 _! flight ?r\gh ! abysses ( space4 ,out f ! awful gase\s turmoil ( ! c5tral mass d>t ^? ceaseless waves ( g5tle radiance t1 :5 caught ^u ! surface ( :irl+ worlds l ours1 br+ =? ! endlessly v>i$ =ms & ! endlessly complex movem5ts t make up :at we c see ( life4 ,& z :5 ,god reveal$ himself to 8 anci5t prophet ,he came n 9 ! e>?quake or ! tempe/ b 9 a voice t 0 /ill & small1 s t div9e sp>k ! ,s\l1 z x takes up its brief abode 9 ?is realm ( fleet+ ph5om5a1 *ooses n ! c5tral sun :]e elem5tal =ces =ev] blaze & cla%1 b selects an outly+ t]re/rial nook :]e se$s may g]m9ate 9 sil5ce1 & :]e ?r\gh sl[ fruition ! my/]i\s =ms ( organic life may come to take %ape & ?rive4 ,he :o ?us looks a little deep] into ! secrets ( nature ?an 8 =efa!rs ( ! sixte5? c5tury may well smile at ! qua9t conceit t man _c be ! object ( ,god's c>e unless he occupies an immovable position 9 ! c5tre ( ! /ell> univ]se4 ,,ii4 ,man's ,place 9 ,nature1 z affect$ by ,d>w9ism4 ,:5 ! ,cop]nican a/ronomy 0 f9ally e/abli%$ ?r\gh ! discov]ies ( ,kepl] & ,newton1 x might well h be5 pron\nc$ ! greate/ sci5tific a*ievem5t ( ! human m9d2 b x 0 /ill m ?an t4 ,x 0 ! greate/ revolution t _h ev] be5 effect$ 9 ,man's views ( 8 relations to ! univ]se 9 :i* he lives1 & ( :i* he is--at lea/ dur+ ! pres5t life--a "p4 ,dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 a /ill great] revolution has be5 effect$4 ,n only has ,lyell enl>g$ our m5tal horizon 9 "t z mu* z ,newton enl>g$ x 9 space1 b x appe>s t ?r\gh\t ^! va/ /ret*es ( "t & space ) :i* we h be5 made acqua9t$ !re are sundry well-m>k$ *anges go+ on4 ,c]ta9 def9ite pa?s ( developm5t are be+ pursu$2 & ar\nd u on e side we behold worlds1 organisms1 & societies 9 div]s /ages ( progress or decl9e4 ,/ill m1 z we exam9e ! records ( pa/ life ^u our globe1 & /udy ! mutual relations ( ! liv+ ?+s t /ill rema91 x appe>s t ! high] =ms ( life--includ+ ,man himself--are ! modifi$ desc5dants ( l[] =ms4 ,zologically speak+1 ,man c no long] be reg>d$ z a creature ap>t by himself4 ,we _c erect an ord] on purpose to conta9 him1 z ,cuvi] tri$ to d2 we _c ev5 make a sep>ate family = him4 ,man is n only a v]tebrate1 a mammal1 & a primate1 b he belongs1 z a g5us1 to ! cat>rh9e family ( apes4 ,& j z lions1 leop>ds1 & lynxes--diff]5t g5]a ( ! cat-family--are desc5d$ f a common /ock ( c>nivora1 back to :i* we may also trace ! p$igrees ( dogs1 hynas1 be>s1 & seals2 s ! v>i\s g5]a ( platyrrh9e & cat>rh9e apes1 includ+ ,man1 are d\btless desc5d$ f a common /ock ( primates1 back to :i* we may also trace ! conv]g+ p$igrees ( monkeys & lemurs1 until _! ance/ry becomes indi/+ui%able f t ( rabbits & squirrels4 ,su* is ! conclusion to :i* ! sci5tific _w has come )9 a qu>t] ( a c5tury f ! publication ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's ,orig9 ( ,species2 & !re is no m reason = suppos+ t ?is conclusion w ev] be ga9said ?an = suppos+ t ! ,cop]nican a/ronomy w "s "t be ov]?r[n & ! conc5tric sph]es ( ,dante's heav5 re9/at$ 9 ! m9ds ( m54 ,x is n /range t ?is !ory ( man's orig91 :i* we associate ma9ly ) ! "n ( ,mr4 ,d>w91 %\ld be to _m p v unwelcome4 ,x is fa/ br++ ab\t a /ill great] revolution 9 ?\ght ?an t :i* 0 h]ald$ by ,cop]nicus2 & x naturally takes "s "t = ! v>i\s portions ( "o's !ory ( ?+s to become adju/$1 "o aft] ano!r1 to s va/ & sweep+ a *ange4 ,f _m qu>t]s ! cry goes up1--,if ?is be true1 !n ,man is at l5g? ca/ d[n f 8 high position 9 ! _w4 ,i w n be call$ a mammal1 or ! son ( a mammal6 once exclaim$ an acqua9tance ( m9e :o p]haps _h be5 br\ght up by h&4 ,su* expressions ( feel+ are crude1 b ! feel+ is n unju/ifiable4 ,x is urg$ t if man is physically ak9 to a baboon1 z pigs are ak9 to horses1 & c[s to de]1 !n ,humanity c 9 n[ise be reg>d$ z occupy+ a peculi> place 9 ! univ]se2 x becomes a m]e incid5t 9 an endless s]ies ( *anges1 & h[ c we say t ! same process ( evolution t has produc$ mank9d may n by & by produce some?+ f> m p]fect8 ,!re 0 a "t :5 huge bird-l reptiles 7 ! lords ( creation1 & aft] ^! _h be5 seal$ )9 ! iron hills !re came successive dyna/ies ( mammals2 & z ! iguanodon gave place to ! great ,eoc5e m>supials1 z ! ma/odon & ! sabre-too!d lion h long s9ce vani%$ f ! sc5e1 s may n ,man by & by disappe> to make way = "s high] creature1 & s on =ev]8 ,9 su* case1 :y %\ld we reg>d ,man z 9 any high] s5se ! object ( ,div9e c>e ?an a pig8 ,/ill /rong] does ! case appe> :5 we rememb] t ^? c\ntless adaptations ( means to ends 9 nature1 :i* s9ce ! "t ( ,voltaire & ,paley we h be5 accu/om$ to cite z evid5ces ( creative design1 h receiv$ at ! h&s ( ,mr4 ,d>w9 a v diff]5t int]pretation4 ,! lob/]'s p[]ful claw1 ! butt]fly's gorge\s t9ts1 ! rose's delici\s fragrance1 ! ar*itectural in/9ct ( ! bee1 ! a/oni%+ /ructure ( ! or*id1 are no long] expla9$ z ! results ( contrivance4 ,t simple b wa/eful process ( survival ( ! fitte/1 ?r\gh :i* su* m>vell\s ?+s h come into be+1 has little ab\t x t is analog\s to ! +5uity ( human art4 ,! inf9ite & et]nal ,p[] :i* is ?us reveal$ 9 ! physical life ( ! univ]se seems 9 n[ise ak9 to ! human s\l4 ,! idea ( b5efic5t purpose seems = ! mom5t to be exclud$ f nature1 & a bl9d process1 kn[n z ,natural ,selection1 is ! deity t slumb]s n nor sleeps4 ,reckless ( good & evil1 x br+s =? at once ! "m's t5d] love = h] infant & ! horrible tee? ( ! rav5+ %>k1 & to its creative indiff]5ce ! "o is z good z ! o!r4 ,9 spite ( ^! appall+ argum5ts ! man ( sci5ce1 urg$ by ! s+le-he>t$ purpose to asc]ta9 ! tru?1 be ! consequ5ces :at !y may1 goes quietly on & f9ds t ! t]rible !ory mu/ be adopt$2 ! fact ( man's consangu9ity ) dumb bea/s mu/ be admitt$4 ,9 rea*+ ?is conclusion1 ! man ( sci5ce reasons ^u ! physical facts )9 8 rea*1 apply+ to !m ! same pr9ciples ( common-s5se :]eby our ev]yday lives are successfully guid$2 & he is v apt to smile at ! me?ods ( ^? p :o1 tak+ hold ( ! "q at ! wrong end1 beg9 by argu+ ab\t all mann] ( fanci$ consequ5ces4 ,= 8 k ( ! hi/ory ( human ?9k+ assures him t su* me?ods h ?r\gh all pa/ "t prov$ b>r5 ( aught save /rife1 :ile 8 own bold yet humble me?od is ! only "o ?r\gh :i* tru? has ev] be5 elicit$4 ,to pursue unfl9*+ly ! me?ods ( sci5ce requires dauntless c\rage & a fai? t no?+ c %ake4 ,su* c\rage & su* loyalty to nature br+s its own rew>d4 ,= :5 once ! =midable !ory is really und]/ood1 :5 once its implications are prop]ly unfold$1 x is se5 to h no su* logical consequ5ces z 7 at fir/ ascrib$ to x4 ,z ) ! ,cop]nican a/ronomy1 s ) ! ,d>w9ian biology1 we rise to a high] view ( ! work+s ( ,god & ( ! nature ( ,man ?an 0 ev] atta9able be=e4 ,s f> f degrad+ ,humanity1 or putt+ x on a level ) ! animal _w 9 g5]al1 ! ,d>w9ian !ory %[s u di/9ctly = ! fir/ "t h[ ! creation & ! p]fect+ ( ,man is ! goal t[>d :i* ,nature's "w has all ! :ile be5 t5d+4 ,x enl>ges t5fold ! significance ( human life1 places x ^u ev5 a l(ti] em95ce ?an poets or prophets h imag9$1 & makes x seem m ?an ev] ! *ief object ( t creative activity :i* is manife/$ 9 ! physical univ]se4 ,,iii4 ,on ! ,e>? !re w nev] be a ,high] ,creature ?an ,man4 ,9 elucidat+ ^! po9ts1 we may fitly beg9 by consid]+ ! "q z to ! possibility ( ! evolution ( any high] creature ?an ,man1 to :om ! dom9ion ov] ?is e>? %all pass4 ,! "q w be/ be answ]$ by turn+ back & obs]v+ "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable features connect$ ) ! orig9 ( ,man & ) 8 sup]iority ov] o!r animals4 ,& let x be borne 9 m9d t we are n n[ ab\t to w&] ?r\gh ! regions ( unconditional possibility4 ,we are n deal+ ) vague g5]al notions ( developm5t1 b ) ! sci5tific ,d>w9ian !ory1 :i* alleges developm5t only z ! result ( c]ta9 rigor\sly def9$ ag5cies4 ,! *ief among ^! ag5cies is ,natural ,selection4 ,x has aga9 & aga9 be5 illu/rat$ h[ by ! cumulative selection & inh]itance ( slight physical v>iations g5]ic diff]5ces1 l ^? betwe5 ! tig] & ! leop>d1 or ! c[ & ! antelope1 at l5g? arise2 & ! guid+ pr9ciple 9 ! accumulation ( slight physical diff]5ces has be5 ! welf>e ( ! species4 ,! v>iant =ms on ei!r side h surviv$ :ile ! con/ant =ms h p]i%$1 s t ! l9es ( dem>cation betwe5 alli$ species h gr[n m & m di/9ct1 & x is usually only by go+ back to fossil ages t we c supply ! miss+ l9ks ( cont9uity4 ,9 ! desp]ate /ruggle = exi/5ce no peculi>ity1 physical or psy*ical1 h[ev] slight1 has be5 too insignificant = natural selection to seize & enhance2 & ! myriad fanta/ic =ms & hues ( animal & vegetal life illu/rate ! seem+ caprici\sness ( its work+s4 ,psy*ical v>iations h nev] be5 unimportant s9ce ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ fa9t pigm5t-spot :i* by & by 0 to translate t\* into vision1 z x develop$ into ! l5ses & hum\rs ( ! eye4#b ,special organs ( s5se & ! l[] grades ( p]ception & judgm5t 7 sl[ly develop$ ?r\gh c\ntless ages1 9 company ) purely physical v>iations ( %ape ( foot1 or l5g? ( neck1 or complexity ( /oma*1 or ?ickness ( hide4 ,at l5g? !re came a wond]ful mom5t--sil5t & unnotic$1 z are ! beg9n+s ( all great revolutions4 ,sil5t & unnotic$1 ev5 z ! day ( ! ,"l :i* come? l a ?ief 9 ! night1 !re arriv$ t wond]ful mom5t at :i* psy*ical *anges began to be ( m use ?an physical *anges to ! brute ance/or ( ,man4 ,?r\gh fur!r ages ( ceaseless /ruggle ! pr(itable v>iations 9 ?is creature occurr$ (t5] & (t5] 9 ! bra91 & less (t5 9 o!r p>ts ( ! organism1 until by & by ! size ( 8 bra9 _h be5 d\bl$ & its complexity ( /ructure increas$ a ?\s&-fold1 :ile 9 o!r respects 8 appe>ance 0 n s v diff]5t f t ( 8 bro!r apes4#c ,along ) ?is gr[? ( ! bra91 ! complete assumption ( ! upright po/ure1 enabl+ ! h&s to be devot$ entirely to preh5sion & ?us reliev+ ! jaws ( t "p ( _! "w1 has cop]at$ 9 produc+ t peculi> cont\r ( head & face :i* is ! *ief di/+ui%+ m>k ( physical ,man4 ,^! slight anatomical *anges d]ive _! importance entirely f ! prodigi\s intellectual *anges 9 connection ) :i* !y h be5 produc$2 & ^! intellectual *anges h be5 accumulat$ until ! di/ance1 psy*ically speak+1 betwe5 civiliz$ man & ! ape is s great z to dw>f 9 comp>ison all t _h be5 a*iev$ 9 ! process ( evolution d[n to ! "t ( our half-human ance/or's fir/ appe>ance4 ,no fact 9 nature is fraught ) deep] mean+ ?an ?is two-sid$ fact ( ! extreme physical simil>ity & enorm\s psy*ical div]g5ce betwe5 ,man & ! gr\p ( animals to :i* he traces 8 p$igree4 ,x %[s t :5 ,humanity began to be evolv$ an entirely new *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( ! univ]se 0 op5$4 ,h5ce=? ! life ( ! nasc5t s\l came to be fir/ 9 importance1 & ! bodily life became subord9at$ to x4 ,h5ce=? x appe>$ t1 9 ?is direction at lea/1 ! process ( zological *ange _h come to an end1 & a process ( psy*ological *ange 0 to take its place4 ,h5ce=? along ?is supreme l9e ( g5]ation !re 0 to be no fur!r evolution ( new species ?r\gh physical v>iation1 b ?r\gh ! accumulation ( psy*ical v>iations "o p>ticul> species 0 to be indef9itely p]fect$ & rais$ to a totally diff]5t plane f t on :i* all life _h hi!rto exi/$4 ,h5ce=?1 9 %ort1 ! dom9ant aspect ( evolution 0 to be n ! g5esis ( species1 b ! progress ( ,civilization4 ,z we ?or\ghly grasp ! mean+ ( all ?is1 we see t ^u ! ,d>w9ian !ory x is impossible t any creature zoologically di/9ct f ,man & sup]ior to him %\ld ev] at any future "t exi/ ^u ! e>?4 ,9 ! regions ( unconditional possibility x is op5 to any "o to argue1 if he *ooses1 t su* a creature may come to exi/2 b ! ,d>w9ian !ory is utt]ly oppos$ to any su* conclusion4 ,accord+ to ,d>w9ism1 ! creation ( ,man is /ill ! goal t[>d :i* ,nature t5d$ f ! beg9n+4 ,n ! production ( any high] creature1 b ! p]fect+ ( ,humanity1 is to be ! glori\s consummation ( ,nature's long & t$i\s "w4 ,?us we sudd5ly arrive at ! conclusion t ,man seems n[1 mu* m cle>ly ?an ev]1 ! *ief among ,god's creatures4 ,on ! primitive b>b>ic !ory1 :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 has swept away1 ,man 0 sudd5ly flung into ! _w by ! miracul\s act ( "s unse5 & incalculable ,p[] act+ f )\t2 & :atev] !ology might suppose1 no sci5tific reason c\ld be alleg$ :y ! same incalculable ,p[] might n at "s future mom5t1 by a simil> miracle1 ?ru/ ^u ! sc5e "s mighti] creature 9 ^: pres5ce ,man w\ld become l a sorry bea/ ( burd54 ,b he :o has ma/]$ ! ,d>w9ian !ory1 he :o recognizes ! sl[ & subtle process ( evolution z ! way 9 :i* ,god makes ?+s come to pass1 mu/ take af> high] view4 ,he sees t 9 ! deadly /ruggle = exi/5ce :i* has rag$ ?r\gh\t c\ntless aeons ( "t1 ! :ole creation has be5 groan+ & travail+ toge!r 9 ord] to br+ =? t la/ consummate specim5 ( ,god's h&iwork1 ! ,human ,s\l4 ,to ! creature ?us produc$ ?r\gh a *ange 9 ! direction 9 :i* natural selection has work$1 ! e>? & mo/ ( its liv+ ?+s h become gradually subord9at$4 ,9 all ! classes ( ! animal & vegetal worlds _m anci5t species h become ext9ct1 & _m mod]n species h come into be+1 ?r\gh ! un*eck$ work+ ( natural selection1 s9ce ,man became di/9ctively human4 ,b 9 ?is respect a *ange has long be5 com+ ov] ! face ( nature4 ,! de/9ies ( all o!r liv+ ?+s are m & m dep5d5t ^u ! w ( ,man4 ,x re/s ) him to det]m9e1 to a great degree1 :at plants & animals %all rema9 ^u ! e>? & :at %all be swept f its surface4 ,by unconsci\sly imitat+ ! selective processes ( ,nature1 he long ago wr\ght _m wild species into =ms subs]vi5t to 8 ne$s4 ,he has creat$ new v>ieties ( fruit & fl[] & c]eal grass1 & has re>$ new bre$s ( animals to aid him 9 ! "w ( civilization2 until at l5g? he is beg9n+ to acquire a ma/]y ov] me*anical & molecul> & *emical =ces :i* is d\btless de/9$ 9 ! future to a*ieve m>vell\s results :]e( today we little dream4 ,natural selection itself w by & by occupy a subord9ate place 9 comp>ison ) selection by ,man1 ^: appe>ance on ! e>? is ?us se5 m cle>ly ?an ev] to h op5$ an entirely new *apt] 9 ! my/]i\s hi/ory ( creation4 ,,iv4 ,! ,orig9 ( ,infancy4 ,b be=e we c fully und]/& ! exalt$ position :i* ! ,d>w9ian !ory assigns to man1 ano!r po9t dem&s consid]ation4 ,! natural selection ( psy*ical peculi>ities does n alone acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ,man1 or expla9 8 mo/ signal diff]5ce f all o!r animals4 ,t diff]5ce is unque/ionably a diff]5ce 9 k9d1 b 9 say+ ?is "o mu/ gu>d aga9/ misund]/&+4 ,n only 9 ! _w ( organic life1 b ?r\gh\t ! kn[n univ]se1 ! doctr9e ( evolution reg>ds diff]5ces 9 k9d z due to ! gradual accumulation ( diff]5ces 9 degree4 ,to cite a v simple case1 :at diff]5ces ( k9d c be m /rik+ ?an ! diff]5ces betwe5 a nebula1 a sun1 a planet l ! e>?1 & a planet l our moon8 ,yet ^! ?+s are simply examples ( cosmical matt] at f\r diff]5t /ages ( cool+4 ,! physical diff]5ces betwe5 /eam1 wat]1 & ice af=d a m famili> example4 ,9 ! organic _w ! p]petual modification ( /ructures t has be5 effect$ ?r\gh natural selection exhibits c\ntless in/ances ( diff]5ces 9 k9d :i* h ris5 f ! accumulation ( diff]5ces 9 degree4 ,no "o w\ld hesitate to call a horse's ho( diff]5t 9 k9d f a cat's paw2 & yet ! horse's l[] leg & ho( are und\bt$ly develop$ f a five-to$ paw4 ,! mo/ signal diff]5ces 9 k9d are wont to arise :5 organs orig9ally develop$ = a c]ta9 purpose come to be appli$ to a v diff]5t purpose1 z t *ange ( ! fi%'s air-bladd] into a lung :i* accompani$ ! fir/ developm5t ( l& v]tebrates4 ,b /ill great] becomes ! revolution :5 a c]ta9 process goes on ,until x sets go+ a numb] ( o!r processes1 unlock+ s]ies aft] s]ies ( causal ag5cies until a va/ & complicat$ result is rea*$1 su* z c\ld by no possibility h be5 =ese54 ,! creation ( ,man 0 "o ( ^! va/ & complicat$ results due to ! unlock+ ( v>i\s s]ies ( causal ag5cies2 & x 0 ! beg9n+ ( a deep] & mighti] diff]5ce 9 k9d ?an any t sl[ly evolv+ ,nature _h yet witness$4 ,i h indicat$1 z ! mom5t at :i* ! creation ( mank9d began1 ! mom5t :5 psy*ical v>iations became ( s mu* m use to our ance/ors ?an physical v>iations t !y 7 seiz$ & enhanc$ by natural selection1 to ! comp>ative neglect ( ! latt]4 ,increase ( intellectual capacity1 9 connection ) ! develop+ bra9 ( a s+le race ( creatures1 n[ became ! *ief "w ( natural selection 9 orig9at+ ,man2 & ?is1 ,i say1 0 ! op5+ ( a new *apt]1 ! la/ & mo/ wond]ful *apt]1 9 ! hi/ory ( creation4 ,b ! increas+ intellig5ce & enl>g$ exp]i5ce ( half-human man n[ set 9 motion a new s]ies ( *anges :i* greatly complicat$ ! matt]4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ^! *anges1 we mu/ consid] = a mom5t "o v important *>act]i/ic ( develop+ intellig5ce4 ,! simple/ actions 9 :i* ! n]v\s sy/em is conc]n$ are :at we call reflex actions4 ,all ! visc]al actions :i* keep u alive f mom5t to mom5t1 ! movem5ts ( ! he>t & lungs1 ! contractions ( art]ies1 ! secretions ( gl&s1 ! dige/ive op]ations ( ! /oma* & liv]1 belong to ! class ( reflex actions4 ,?r\gh\t ! animal _w ^! acts are repeat$1 ) little or no v>iation1 f bir? until dea?1 & ! t5d5cy to p]=m !m is completely organiz$ 9 ! n]v\s sy/em be=e bir?4 ,e animal brea!s & dige/s z well at ! beg9n+ ( 8 life z he ev] does4 ,contact ) air & food is all t is ne$$1 & !re is no?+ to be le>n$4 ,^! actions1 ?\gh !y are p]=m$ by ! n]v\s sy/em1 we d n class z psy*ical1 because !y are ne>ly or q unatt5d$ by consci\sness4 ,! psy*ical life ( ! l[e/ animals consi/s ( a few simple acts direct$ t[>d ! secur+ ( food & ! avoidance ( dang]1 & ^! acts we are 9 ! habit ( class+ z in/9ctive4 ,!y are s simple1 s few1 & s (t5 repeat$1 t ! t5d5cy to p]=m !m is completely organiz$ 9 ! n]v\s sy/em be=e bir?4 ,! animal takes c>e ( himself z soon z he beg9s to live4 ,he has no?+ to le>n1 & 8 c>e] is a simple repetition ( ! c>e]s ( c\ntless ance/ors4 ,) him h]$ity is ev]y?+1 & 8 individual exp]i5ce is next to no?+4 ,z we asc5d ! animal scale till we come to ! high] birds & mammals1 we f9d a v int]e/+ & rem>kable *ange beg9n+4 ,! g5]al increase ( intellig5ce involves an increas+ v>iety & complication ( exp]i5ces4 ,! acts :i* ! animal p]=ms 9 ! c\rse ( its life become f> m num]\s1 f> m v>i\s1 & f> m complex4 ,!y are !re=e sev]ally repeat$ ) less frequ5cy 9 ! lifetime ( ea* individual4 ,consequ5tly ! t5d5cy to p]=m !m is n completely organiz$ 9 ! n]v\s sy/em ( ! (fspr+ be=e bir?4 ,! %ort p]iod ( ante-natal exi/5ce does n af=d "t en\gh = ! organization ( s _m & su* complex habitudes & capacities4 ,! process :i* 9 ! l[] animals is complet$ be=e bir? is 9 ! high] animals left to be complet$ aft] bir?4 ,:5 ! creature beg9s its life x is n completely organiz$4 ,in/ead ( ! p[] ( do+ all ! ?+s :i* its p>5ts did1 x />ts ) ! p[] ( do+ only "s few ( !m2 = ! re/ x has only lat5t capacities :i* ne$ to be br\ght out by its individual exp]i5ce aft] bir?4 ,9 o!r words1 x beg9s its sep>ate life n z a matur$ creature1 b z an infant :i* ne$s = a "t to be wat*$ & help$4 ,v4 ,! ,dawn+ ( ,consci\sness4 ,"h we arrive at "o ( ! mo/ wond]ful mom5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( creation1--! mom5t ( ! fir/ fa9t dawn+ ( consci\sness1 ! =e%ad[+ ( ! true life ( ! s\l4 ,:5ce came ! s\l we no m "k ?an we "k :5ce came ! univ]se4 ,! primal orig9 ( consci\sness is hidd5 9 ! dep?s ( ! bygone et]nity4 ,t x _c possibly be ! product ( any cunn+ arrangem5t ( mat]ial p>ticles is demon/rat$ beyond p]adv5ture by :at we n[ "k ( ! correlation ( physical =ces4#d ,! ,platonic view ( ! s\l1 z a spiritual sub/ance1 an efflu5ce f ,godhood1 :i* "u c]ta9 conditions becomes inc>nat$ 9 p]i%able =ms ( matt]1 is d\btless ! view mo/ consonant ) ! pres5t /ate ( our k4 ,yet :ile we "k n ! primal orig9 ( ! s\l1 we h le>n$ some?+ ) reg>d to ! conditions "u :i* x has become inc>nat$ 9 mat]ial =ms4 ,mod]n psy*ology has some?+ to say ab\t ! dawn+ ( consci\s life 9 ! animal _w4 ,reflex action is unaccompani$ by consci\sness4 ,! n]v\s actions :i* regulate ! movem5ts ( ! visc]a g on )\t our k2 we le>n ( _! exi/5ce only by /udy1 z we le>n ( facts 9 outw>d nature4 ,if y tickle ! foot ( a p]son asleep1 & ! foot is )drawn by simple reflex action1 ! sleep] is unconsci\s alike ( ! irritation & ( ! movem5t1 ev5 z ! decapitat$ frog is unconsci\s :5 a drop ( nitric acid falls on 8 back & he lifts up a leg & rubs ! place4 ,9 l mann] ! reflex movem5ts :i* make up ! life ( ! l[e/ animals are d\btless q unconsci\s1 ev5 :5 9 _! g5]al "* !y simulate consci\s actions1 z !y (t5 d4 ,9 ! case ( su* creatures1 ! fam\s hypo!sis ( ,desc>tes1 t animals are automata1 is d\btless ma9ly correct4 ,9 ! case ( in/9cts also1 :]e ! in/9ctive actions are completely organiz$ be=e bir?1 & are repeat$ )\t v>iation dur+ ! :ole lifetime ( ! individual1 !re is probably little if any consci\sness4 ,x is an ess5tial pr]equisite ( consci\sness t !re %\ld be a p]iod ( delay or t5sion betwe5 ! receipt ( an impression & ! det]m9ation ( ! consequ5t movem5t4 ,dim9i% ?is p]iod ( delay & y dim9i% ! vividness ( consci\sness4 ,a famili> example w make ?is cle>4 ,:5 y are le>n+ to play a new piece ( music on ! piano1 especially if y d n read music rapidly1 y are int5sely consci\s ( ea* gr\p ( notes on ! page1 & ( ea* gr\p ( keys t y /rike1 & ( ! relations ( ! "o to ! o!r4 ,b :5 y h le>n$ ! piece by he>t1 y ?9k no?+ ( ei!r notes or keys1 b play automatically :ile y\r att5tion is conc5trat$ ^u ! arti/ic "* ( ! music4 ,if somebody ?\ghtlessly int]rupts y ) a "q ab\t ,egyptian politics1 y g on play+ :ile y answ] him politely4 ,t is1 :]e y _h at fir/ to make a consci\s act ( volition = ea* movem5t1 ! :ole gr\p ( movem5ts has n[ become automatic1 & volition is only conc]n$ 9 sett+ ! process go+4 ,z ! delay involv$ 9 ! p]ception & ! movem5t disappe>s1 s does ! consci\sness ( ! p]ception & ! movem5t t5d to disappe>4 ,consci\sness implies p]petual discrim9ation1 or ! recognition ( lik5esses & diff]5ces1 & ?is is impossible unless impressions p]si/ long en\gh to be comp>$ ) "o ano!r4 ,! physical organs 9 connection ) ^: activity consci\sness is manife/$ are ! upp] & out] p>ts ( ! bra91--! c]ebrum & c]ebellum4 ,^! organs nev] receive impressions directly f ! outside _w1 b only f l[] n]ve-c5tres1 su* z ! sp9al cord1 ! m$ulla1 ! optic lobes1 & o!r special c5tres ( s5sation4 ,! impressions receiv$ by ! c]ebrum & c]ebellum are waves ( molecul> di/urbance s5t up along c5tripetal n]ves f ! l[] c5tres1 & pres5tly draft$ (f along c5trifugal n]ves back to ! l[] c5tres1 ?us caus+ ! myriad movem5ts :i* make up our active life4 ,n[ !re is no consci\sness except :5 molecul> di/urbance is g5]at$ 9 ! c]ebrum & c]ebellum fa/] ?an x c be draft$ (f to ! l[] c5tres4#e ,x is ! surplus ( molecul> di/urbance rema9+ 9 ! c]ebrum & c]ebellum1 & reflect$ back & =? among ! cells & fibres ( :i* ^! highe/ c5tres are compos$1 t af=ds ! physical condition = ! manife/ation ( consci\sness4 ,memory1 emotion1 reason1 & volition beg9 ) ?is ret5tion ( a surplus ( molecul> motion 9 ! highe/ c5tres4 ,z we survey ! v]tebrate sub-k+dom ( animals1 we f9d t z ?is surplus increases1 ! surface ( ! highe/ c5tres increases 9 area4 ,9 ! l[e/ v]tebrate animal1 ! amphioxus1 ! c]ebrum & c]ebellum d n exi/ at all4 ,9 fi%es we beg9 to f9d !m1 b !y are mu* small] ?an ! optic lobes4 ,9 su* a highly organiz$ fi% z ! halibut1 :i* weighs ab\t z mu* z an av]age-siz$ man1 ! c]ebrum is small] ?an a melon-se$4 ,cont9u+ to gr[ by add+ conc5tric lay]s at ! surface1 ! c]ebrum & c]ebellum become mu* l>g] 9 birds & l[] mammals1 gradually cov]+ up ! optic lobes4 ,z we pass to high] mammalian =ms1 ! gr[? ( ! c]ebrum becomes mo/ conspicu\s1 until x ext5ds backw>ds s f> z to cov] up ! c]ebellum1 ^: functions are limit$ to ! consci\s adju/m5t ( muscul> movem5ts4 ,9 ! high] apes ! c]ebrum beg9s to ext5d itself =w>ds1 & ?is goes on 9 ! human race4 ,! cranial capacity ( ! ,european exce$s t ( ! ,au/ralian by =ty cubic in*es1 or ne>ly f\r times z mu* z t by :i* ! ,au/ralian exce$s ! gorilla2 & ! expansion is almo/ entirely 9 ! upp] & ant]ior portions4 ,b ! increase ( ! c]ebral surface is %[n n only 9 ! g5]al size ( ! organ1 b to a /ill great] ext5t 9 ! irregul> creas+ & furr[+ ( ! surface4 ,?is creas+ & furr[+ beg9s to occur 9 ! high] mammals1 & 9 civiliz$ man x is c>ri$ to an a/oni%+ ext5t4 ,! am\nt ( intellig5ce is correlat$ ) ! numb]1 ! dep?1 & ! irregul>ity ( ! furr[s4 ,a cat's bra9 has a few symmetrical creases4 ,9 an ape ! creases are deep5$ into slight furr[s1 & !y run irregul>ly1 some:at l ! l9es 9 ! palm ( y\r h&4 ,) age & exp]i5ce ! furr[s gr[ deep] & m s9u\s1 & new ones appe>2 & 9 man ^! ph5om5a come to h great significance4 ,! c]ebral surface ( a human infant is l t ( an ape4 ,9 an adult savage1 or 9 a ,european peasant1 ! furr[+ is some:at m>k$ & complicat$4 ,9 ! bra9 ( a great s*ol>1 ! furr[s are v deep & crook$1 & hundr$s ( creases appe> :i* are n f\nd at all 9 ! bra9s ( ord9>y m54 ,9 o!r words1 ! c]ebral surface ( su* a man1 ! seat ( consci\s m5tal life1 has become enorm\sly enl>g$ 9 area2 & we mu/ fur!r obs]ve t x goes on enl>g+ 9 "s cases into extreme old age4#f ,putt+ all ^! facts toge!r1 x becomes pla9 t 9 ! l[e/ animals1 ^: lives consi/ ( sundry reflex actions monoton\sly repeat$ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 !re c be no?+1 or next to no?+1 ( :at we "k z consci\sness4 ,x is only :5 ! life becomes m complicat$ & v>i\s1 s t reflex action c no long] det]m9e all its movem5ts & ! high] n]ve-c5tres beg9 to be evolv$1 t ! dawn+ ( consci\sness is rea*$4 ,b ) ! gr[? ( ! high] c5tres ! capacities ( action become s v>i\s & indet]m9ate t def9ite direction is n giv5 to !m until aft] bir?4 ,! creature beg9s life z an infant1 ) its p>tially develop$ c]ebrum repres5t+ capabilities :i* x is left = its individual exp]i5ce to br+ =? & modify4 ,,vi4 ,l5g!n+ ( ,infancy1 & ,concomitant ,increase ( ,bra9-,surface4 ,! fir/ appe>ance ( infancy 9 ! animal _w ?us h]ald$ ! new era :i* 0 to be cr[n$ by ! developm5t ( ,man4 ,) ! beg9n+s ( infancy !re came ! fir/ dawn+ ( a consci\s life simil> 9 nature to ! consci\s life ( human be+s1 & !re came1 moreov]1 on ! "p ( p>5ts1 ! beg9n+ ( feel+s & actions n purely self-reg>d+4 ,b /ill m1 ! p]iod ( infancy 0 a p]iod ( pla/icity4 ,! c>e] ( ea* individual be+ no long] :olly pr$et]m9$ by ! c>e]s ( its ance/ors1 x began to become tea*able4 ,individuality ( "* also became possible at ! same "t1 & = ! same reason4 ,all birds & mammals :i* take c>e ( _! "y are tea*able1 ?\gh 9 v v>i\s degrees1 & all 9 l mann] %[ individual peculi>ities ( disposition1 ?\gh 9 mo/ cases ^! are slight & inconspicu\s4 ,9 dogs1 horses1 & apes !re is m>k$ tea*abl5ess1 & !re are also m>k$ diff]5ces 9 individual "*4 ,b 9 ! non-human animal _w all ^! ph5om5a are b slightly develop$4 ,!y are b ! dim adumbrations ( :at 0 by & by to bloom =? 9 ! human race4 ,!y c sc>cely be said to h s]v$ z a prophecy ( ! revolution t 0 to come4 ,"o g5]ation ( dumb bea/s is aft] all v l ano!r1 & f /udy+ ! c>e]s ( ! ma/odon1 ! hipp>ion1 ! sabre-too!d lion1 or ev5 ! dryopi!cus1 an obs]v] 9 ! ,mioc5e age c\ld nev] h =ese5 ! possibility ( a creature end[$ ) su* a b\ndless capacity ( progress z ! mod]n ,man4 ,nev]!less1 h[ev] dimly sugge/ive 0 ?is gr\p ( ph5om5a1 x conta9$ ! g]m ( all t is prem95t 9 humanity4 ,9 ! direct l9e ( our ance/ry x only ne$$ t ! p]iod ( infancy %\ld be suffici5tly prolong$1 9 ord] t a creature %\ld at l5g? appe>1 end[$ ) ! tea*abl5ess1 ! individuality1 & ! capacity = progress :i* are ! peculi> pr]ogatives ( fully-develop$ ,man4#g ,9 ?is direct l9e ! manlike apes ( ,africa & ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago h advanc$ f> beyond ! mammalian _w 9 g5]al4 ,along ) a c]ebral surface1 & an accompany+ intellig5ce1 f> great] ?an t ( o!r mammals1 ^! tailless apes beg9 life z helpless babies1 & are unable to walk1 to fe$ !mselves1 or to grasp objects ) precision until !y are two or ?ree mon?s old4 ,^! apes h ?us advanc$ a little way ^u ! peculi> road :i* our half-human =efa!rs began to travel z soon z psy*ical v>iations came to be ( m use to ! species ?an v>iations 9 bodily /ructure4 ,! gulf by :i* ! l[e/ kn[n man is sep>at$ f ! highe/ kn[n ape consi/s 9 ! great increase ( 8 c]ebral surface1 ) ! accompany+ intellig5ce1 & 9 ! v long duration ( 8 infancy4 ,^! two ?+s h gone h& 9 h&4 ,! increase ( c]ebral surface1 due to ! work+ ( natural selection 9 ?is direction alone1 has entail$ a va/ increase 9 ! am\nt ( c]ebral organization t mu/ be left to be complet$ aft] bir?1 & ?us has prolong$ ! p]iod ( infancy4 ,& conv]sely ! prolong+ ( ! pla/ic p]iod ( infancy1 entail+ a va/ increase 9 tea*abl5ess & v]satility1 has contribut$ to ! fur!r enl>gem5t ( ! c]ebral surface4 ,! mutual reaction ( ^! two gr\ps ( facts mu/ h gone on = an enorm\s l5g? ( "t s9ce man began ?us div]g+ f 8 simian bre?r54 ,x is n likely t less ?an a million ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ! fir/ page ( ?is new *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( creation 0 op5$3 x is probable t ! "t has be5 mu* long]4 ,9 comp>ison ) su* a p]iod1 ! :ole record$ duration ( human hi/ory %r9ks into no?+ness4 ,! pyramids ( ,egypt seem l ?+s ( ye/]day :5 we ?9k ( ! ,cave-,m5 ( we/]n ,europe 9 ! glacial p]iod1 :o scrat*$ pictures ( mammo?s on pieces ( re9de]-antl] ) a bit ( po9t$ fl9t4 ,yet dur+ an entire geologic on be=e ^! ,cave-,m5 appe>$ on ! sc5e1 a be+ erect ^u two legs1 if we may quote f ,s]jeant ,buzfuz1 & we>+ ! outw>d semblance ( a man & n ( a mon/]1 w&]$ hi!r & ?i!r ov] ! face ( ! e>?1 sett+ 8 m>k ^u x z no o!r creature yet _h done1 leav+ beh9d him innum]able tell-tale remnants ( 8 fi]ce & squalid exi/5ce1 yet too scantily end[$ ) wit to make any writt5 disclosure ( 8 ?\ghts & de$s4 ,if ! physiological annals ( t long & we>y "t c\ld n[ be unroll$ be=e u1 ! pr9cipal fact :i* we %\ld disc]n1 dom9at+ all o!r facts 9 int]e/ & significance1 w\ld be t mutual reaction betwe5 increase ( c]ebral surface & l5g!n+ ( babyhood :i* ,i h "h describ$4 ,?us ?r\gh ! simple cont9uance & int]action ( processes t began f> back 9 ! _w ( w>m-blood$ animals1 we get at la/ a creature ess5tially diff]5t f all o!rs4 ,?r\gh ! complication ( effects ! heap+ up ( m9ute diff]5ces 9 degree has end$ 9 br++ =? a diff]5ce 9 k9d4 ,9 ! human organism physical v>iation has well-nigh /opp$1 or is conf9$ to insignificant features1 save 9 ! grey surface ( ! c]ebrum4 ,! "w ( c]ebral organization is *iefly complet$ aft] bir?1 z we see by contra/+ ! smoo? ape-l bra9-surface ( ! new-born *ild ) ! deeply-furr[$ & myriad-seam$ surface ( ! adult civiliz$ bra94 ,! pla/ic p]iod ( adolesc5ce1 l5g!n$ 9 civiliz$ man until x has come to cov] m ?an "o ?ird ( 8 lifetime1 is ?us ! gu>anty ( 8 b\ndless progressiv5ess4 ,inh]it$ t5d5cies & aptitudes /ill =m ! f\ndations ( "*2 b individual exp]i5ce has come to c\nt z an enorm\s factor 9 modify+ ! c>e] ( mank9d f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,x is n too mu* to say t ! diff]5ce betwe5 man & all o!r liv+ creatures1 9 respect ( tea*abl5ess1 progressiv5ess1 & individuality ( "*1 surpasses all o!r diff]5ces ( k9d t are kn[n to exi/ 9 ! univ]se4 ,,vii4 ,*ange 9 ! ,direction ( ! ,work+ ( ,natural ,selection4 ,9 ! fre% light :i* ^! consid]ations ?r[ ^u ! problem ( man's orig91 we c n[ see m cle>ly ?an ev] h[ great a revolution 0 inaugurat$ :5 natural selection began to conf9e its op]ations to ! surface ( ! c]ebrum4 ,among ! old] incid5ts 9 ! evolution ( organic life1 ! *anges 7 v wond]ful :i* out ( ! pectoral f9 ( a fi% develop$ ! jo9t$ =e-limb ( ! mammal ) its five-to$ paw1 & !nce ?r\gh mu* slight] v>iation br\ght =? ! human arm ) its delicate & crafty h&4 ,m wondr\s /ill 7 ! phases ( *ange ?r\gh :i* ! rudim5t>y pigm5t-spot ( ! worm1 by ! developm5t & diff]5tiation ( successive lay]s1 gave place to ! v>i\sly-con/ruct$ eyes ( insects1 mollusks1 & v]tebrates4 ,! day = creative "w ( ?is sort has probably gone by1 z ! day = ! evolution ( annulose segm5ts & v]tebrate skeletons has gone by1--on our planet1 at lea/4 ,9 ! l9e ( our own developm5t1 all "w ( ?is k9d /opp$ long ago1 to be replac$ by diff]5t me?ods4 ,z an optical in/rum5t1 ! eye _h well-nigh rea*$ extreme p]fection 9 _m a bird & mammal ages be=e man's beg9n+s2 & ! ess5tial features ( ! human h& exi/$ already 9 ! h&s ( ,mioc5e apes4 ,b diff]5t me?ods came 9 :5 human intellig5ce appe>$ ^u ! sc5e4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] has some:]e rem9d$ u t ! cr[b> is b an extra lev] add$ to ! lev]s ( :i* ! arm is already compos$1 & ! telescope b adds a new set ( l5ses to ^? :i* already exi/ 9 ! eye4 ,?is beautiful illu/ration goes to ! k]nel ( ! *ange t 0 wr\ght :5 natural selection began to conf9e itself to ! psy*ical modification ( our ance/ors4 ,9 a v deep s5se all human sci5ce is b ! increm5t ( ! p[] ( ! eye1 & all human art is ! increm5t ( ! p[] ( ! h&4#h ,vision & manipulation1--^!1 9 _! c\ntless indirect & transfigur$ =ms1 are ! two cop]at+ factors 9 all intellectual progress4 ,x is n m]ely t ) ! telescope we see ext9ct volcanoes on ! moon1 or resolve spots ( nebul\s cl\d into clu/]s ( blaz+ suns2 x is t 9 e sci5tific !ory we frame by indirect me?ods visual images ( ?+s n pres5t to s5se4 ,) our m9d's eye we see atmosph]ic convulsions on ! surfaces ( di/ant worlds1 wat* ! giant i*?yosaurs spla%+ 9 ,jurassic oceans1 foll[ ! v>i$ figures ( ! rhy?mic dance ( molecules z *emical elem5ts unite & sep>ate1 or exam9e1 ) ! aid ( long-=gott5 vocabul>ies n[ magically re/or$1 ! mann]s & morals1 ! laws & sup]/itions1 ( peoples t h ceas$ to be4#i ,& s 9 art ! wond]ful pr9t+-press1 & ! eng9e t moves x1 are ! l9eal desc5dants ?r\gh c\ntless /ages ( complication1 ( ! simple lev]s ( primitive man & ! rude /ylus :]e) he engrav$ /range hi]oglyphs on ! b>k ( trees4 ,9 su* ways1 s9ce ! human phase ( evolution began1 has ! direct action ( muscle & s5se be5 supplem5t$ & sup]s$$ by ! indirect "w ( ! inquisitive & inv5tive m9d4 ,,viii4 ,gr[+ ,pr$om9ance ( ! ,psy*ical ,life4 ,let u note "o fur!r aspect ( ?is mighty revolution4 ,9 its l[ly beg9n+s ! psy*ical life 0 m]ely an app5dage to ! life ( ! body4 ,! avoidance ( enemies1 ! secur+ ( food1 ! p]petuation ( ! species1 make up ! :ole ( ! lives ( l[] animals1 & ! rudim5ts ( memory1 reason1 emotion1 & volition 7 at fir/ conc]n$ solely ) ! a*ievem5t ( ^! ends 9 an increas+ly indirect1 complex1 & effective way4 ,?\gh ! life ( a l>ge portion ( ! human race is /ill conf9$ to ! pursuit ( ^! same ends1 yet s va/ has be5 ! increase ( psy*ical life t ! simple "* ( ! ends is liable to be lo/ sight ( amid ! v>iety1 ! indirectness1 & ! complexity ( ! means4 ,b 9 civiliz$ society o!r ends1 purely immat]ial 9 _! nature1 h come to add !mselves to ^!1 & 9 "s in/ances to take _! place4 ,x is long s9ce we 7 told t ,man does n live by bread alone4 ,dur+ _m g5]ations we h se5 ?\s&s ( m51 actuat$ by ! noble/ impulse ( :i* humanity is capable1 ?\gh misl$ by ! tea*+s ( a crude philosophy1 despis+ & maltreat+ _! bodies z clogs & incumbrances to ! life ( ! indwell+ s\l4 ,c\ntless m>tyrs we h se5 ?r[+ away ! physical e>?ly life z s mu* wor?less dross1 & all = ! sake ( purely spiritual tru?s4 ,z ) religion1 s ) ! sci5tific _s & ! arti/ic _s1--! unqu5*able crav+ to "k ! secrets ( nature1 & ! ye>n+ to create ! beautiful 9 =m & col\r & s\nd4 ,9 ! highe/ human be+s su* ends z ^! h come to be upp]mo/ 9 consci\sness1 & ) ! progress ( mat]ial civilization ?is w be m & m ! case4 ,if we c imag9e a future "t :5 w>f>e & crime %all h be5 done away ) =ev]1 :5 disease %all h be5 = ! mo/ "p curb$1 & :5 e human be+ by mod]ate lab\r c secure ample food & %elt]1 we c also see t 9 su* a /ate ( ?+s ! "w ( civilization w\ld be by no means complet$4 ,9 m9i/]+ to human happ9ess 9 c\ntless ways1 ?r\gh ! pursuit ( purely spiritual ends1 9 enri*+ & div]sify+ life to ! utmo/1 !re w\ld /ill be almo/ limitless "w to be done4 ,i believe t su* a "t w come = we>y & suff]+ mank9d4 ,su* a fai? is inspir+4 ,x su/a9s "o 9 ! "w ( life1 :5 "o w\ld o!rwise lose he>t4 ,b x is a fai? t re/s ^u induction4 ,! process ( evolution is excessively sl[1 & its ends are a*iev$ at ! co/ ( enorm\s wa/e ( life1 b = innum]able ages its direction has be5 t[>d ! goal "h po9t$ out2 & ! case may be fitly summ$ up 9 ! /atem5t t :]eas 9 its rude beg9n+s ! psy*ical life 0 b an app5dage to ! body1 9 fully-develop$ ,humanity ! body is b ! vehicle = ! s\l4 ,,ix4 ,! ,orig9s ( ,society & ( ,morality4 ,"o fur!r po9t mu/ be consid]$ be=e ?is outl9e sket* ( ! mann] ( man's orig9 c be call$ complete4 ,! psy*ical developm5t ( ,humanity1 s9ce its e>li] /ages1 has be5 l>gely clue to ! reaction ( individuals ^u "o ano!r 9 ^? v>i\s relations :i* we *>act]ize z social4#aj ,9 consid]+ ! orig9 ( ,man1 ! orig9 ( human society _c be pass$ ov]4 ,=e%ad[+s ( social relations occur 9 ! animal _w1 n only 9 ! l9e ( our own v]tebrate ance/ry1 b 9 c]ta9 ord]s ( insects :i* /& q remote f t l9e4 ,_m ( ! high] mammals are greg>i\s1 & ?is is especially true ( t :ole ord] ( primates to :i* we belong4 ,rudim5t>y moral s5tim5ts are also cle>ly disc]nible 9 ! highe/ memb]s ( v>i\s mammalian ord]s1 & 9 all b ! l[e/ memb]s ( our own ord]4 ,b 9 respect ( def9it5ess & p]man5ce ! relations betwe5 individuals 9 a /ate ( greg>i\sness fall f> %ort ( ! relations betwe5 individuals 9 ! rude/ human society4 ,! primordial unit ( human society is ! family1 & x 0 by ! e/abli%m5t ( def9ite & p]man5t family relation%ips t ! /ep 0 tak5 :i* rais$ ,man socially above ! level ( greg>i\s apehood4 ,?is great po9t 0 atta9$ ?r\gh t l5g!n+ ( ! p]iod ( helpless *ildhood :i* accompani$ ! gradually increas+ intellig5ce ( our half-human ance/ors4 ,:5 *ildhood _h come to ext5d ov] a p]iod ( t5 or a doz5 ye>s--a p]iod :i* w\ld be d\bl$1 or m ?an d\bl$1 :]e sev]al *ildr5 7 born 9 succession to ! same p>5ts--! relation%ips betwe5 fa!r & "m1 bre?r5 & si/]s1 mu/ h become firmly knit2 & ?us ! family1 ! unit ( human society1 gradually came into exi/5ce4#aa ,! rudim5t>y gr[? ( moral s5tim5t mu/ n[ h receiv$ a def9ite direction4 ,z already obs]v$1 ) ! beg9n+s ( infancy 9 ! animal _w !re came ! g5esis 9 ! p>5ts ( feel+s & actions n purely self-reg>d+4 ,rudim5t>y sympa?ies1 ) rudim5t>y capacity = self-devotion1 are witness$ n[ & !n among high] mammals1 su* z ! dog1 & n uncommonly among apes4 ,b z ! human family1 ) its def9ite relation%ips1 came into be+1 !re mu/ necess>ily h gr[n up betwe5 its v>i\s memb]s reciprocal necessities ( behavi\r4 ,! conduct ( ! individual c\ld no long] be %ap$ ) sole ref]5ce to 8 own selfi% desires1 b mu/ be to a great ext5t subord9at$ to ! g5]al welf>e ( ! family4 ,& 9 judg+ ( ! "* ( 8 own conduct1 ! individual mu/ n[ beg9 to ref] x to "s law ( ?+s outside ( himself2 & h5ce ! g]ms ( consci5ce & ( ! idea ( duty4 ,su* 7 no d\bt ! crude beg9n+s ( human morality4 ,) ?is g5esis ( ! family1 ! ,creation ( ,man may be said1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 to h be5 complet$4 ,! great ext5t ( c]ebral surface1 ! l5g!n$ p]iod ( infancy1 ! consequ5t capacity = progress1 ! def9ite con/itution ( ! family1 & ! judgm5t ( actions z good or bad accord+ to "s o!r /&>d ?an t ( selfi% desire1--^! are ! attributes :i* ess5tially di/+ui% ,man f o!r creatures4 ,all ^!1 we see1 are direct or indirect results ( ! revolution :i* began :5 natural selection came to conf9e itself to psy*ical v>iations1 to ! neglect ( physical v>iations4 ,! imm$iate result 0 ! increase ( c]ebrum4 ,?is prolong$ ! infancy1 ?us giv+ rise to ! capacity = progress2 & infancy1 9 turn1 orig9at$ ! family & ?us op5$ ! way = ! gr[? ( sympa?ies & ( e?ical feel+s4 ,all ^! results h p]petually react$ ^u "o ano!r until a creature diff]5t 9 k9d f all o!r creatures has be5 evolv$4 ,! creature ?us evolv$ long s9ce became dom9ant ov] ! e>? 9 a s5se 9 :i* none ( 8 pr$ecessors ev] became dom9ant2 & h5ce=? ! "w ( evolution1 s f> z our planet is conc]n$1 is *iefly devot$ to ! p]fect+ ( ?is la/ & mo/ wond]ful product ( creative en]gy4 ,x4 ,improvabl5ess ( ,man4 ,= ! creation ( ,man 0 by no means ! creation ( a p]fect be+4 ,! mo/ ess5tial feature ( ,man is 8 improvabl5ess1 & s9ce 8 fir/ appe>ance on ! e>? ! *anges t h gone on 9 him h be5 enorm\s1 ?\gh !y h cont9u$ to run along 9 ! l9es ( developm5t t 7 !n m>k$ out4 ,! *anges h be5 s great t 9 _m respects ! int]val betwe5 ! highe/ & ! l[e/ m5 f> surpasses quantitatively ! int]val betwe5 ! l[e/ m5 & ! highe/ apes4 ,if we take into acc\nt ! creas+ ( ! c]ebral surface1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! bra9 ( a ,%akespe>e & t ( an ,au/ralian savage w\ld d\btless be fifty times great] ?an ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,au/ralian's bra9 & t ( an orang-outang4 ,9 ma!matical capacity ! ,au/ralian1 :o _c tell ! numb] ( f+]s on 8 two h&s1 is mu* ne>] to a lion or wolf ?an to ,sir ,r[an ,hamilton1 :o inv5t$ ! me?od ( quat]nions4 ,9 moral developm5t ?is same ,au/ralian1 ^: language conta9s no words = ju/ice & b5evol5ce1 is less remote f dogs & baboons ?an f a ,h[>d or a ,g>rison4 ,9 progressiv5ess1 too1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! l[e/ & ! highe/ races ( m5 is no less conspicu\s4 ,! ,au/ralian is m tea*able ?an ! ape1 b 8 limit is nev]!less v quickly rea*$4 ,all ! di/9ctive attributes ( ,man1 9 %ort1 h be5 develop$ to an enorm\s ext5t ?r\gh long ages ( social evolution4 ,?is psy*ical developm5t ( ,man is de/9$ to g on 9 ! future z x has gone on 9 ! pa/4 ,! creative en]gy :i* has be5 at "w ?r\gh ! bygone et]nity is n go+ to become quiesc5t to-morr[4 ,we h le>n$ some?+ ( its me?ods ( work+1 & f ! c>eful obs]vation ( ! pa/ we c =esee ! future 9 "s ( its mo/ g5]al outl9es4 ,f :at has already gone on dur+ ! hi/oric p]iod ( man's exi/5ce1 we c safely pr$ict a *ange t w by & by di/+ui% him f all o!r creatures ev5 m widely & m fundam5tally ?an he is di/+ui%$ today4 ,:5ev] 9 ! c\rse ( organic evolution we see any function beg9n+ z incid5tal to ! p]=mance ( o!r functions1 & cont9u+ = _m ages to increase 9 importance until x becomes an indisp5sable /r& 9 ! web ( life1 we may be sure t by a cont9uance ( ! same process its influ5ce is de/9$ to increase /ill m 9 ! future4 ,su* has be5 ! case ) ! function ( sympa?y1 & ) ! e?ical feel+s :i* h gr[n up along ) sympa?y & dep5d l>gely ^u x = _! vitality4 ,l ev]y?+ else :i* especially di/+ui%es ,man1 ! altrui/ic feel+s 7 fir/ call$ into exi/5ce ?r\gh ! fir/ beg9n+s ( infancy 9 ! animal _w4 ,_! rudim5t>y =m 0 t ( ! transi5t affection ( a female bird or mammal = its "y4 ,fir/ giv5 a def9ite direction ?r\gh ! g5esis ( ! primitive human family1 ! developm5t ( altruism has =m$ an important "p ( ! progress ( civilization1 b z yet x has sc>cely kept pace ) ! g5]al developm5t ( intellig5ce4 ,!re c be little d\bt t 9 respect ( ju/ice & k9dness ! advance ( civiliz$ man has be5 less m>k$ ?an 9 respect ( quick-witt$ness4 ,n[ ?is is because ! advancem5t ( civiliz$ man has be5 l>gely effect$ ?r\gh fight+1 ?r\gh ! cont9uance ( t deadly /ruggle & competition :i* has be5 go+ on ev] s9ce organic life fir/ appe>$ on ! e>?4 ,x is ?r\gh su* fi]ce & p]petual /ruggle t ! high] =ms ( life h be5 gradually evolv$ by natural selection4 ,b we h already se5 h[ 9 _m respects ! evolution ( ,man 0 ! op5+ ( an entirely new *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( ! univ]se4 ,9 no respect 0 x m s ?an 9 ! g5esis ( ! altrui/ic emotions4 ,= :5 natural selection1 ?r\gh ! l5g!n+ ( *ildhood1 _h secur$ a det]m9ate developm5t = ?is class ( human feel+s1 x _h at la/ orig9at$ a p[] :i* c\ld ?rive only ?r\gh ! elim9ation ( /rife4 ,& ! lat] hi/ory ( mank9d1 dur+ ! pa/ ?irty c5turies1 has be5 *>act]iz$ by ! gradual elim9at+ ( /rife1 ?\gh ! process has gone on ) ! extreme sl[ness t m>ks all ! "w ( evolution4 ,x is only at ! pres5t clay t1 by survey+ human hi/ory f ! wide/ possible outlook1 & ) ! aid ( ! habits ( ?\ght :i* ! /udy ( evolution fo/]s1 we are enabl$ di/9ctly to obs]ve ?is t5d5cy4 ,z ?is is ! mo/ wond]ful ( all ! phases ( t /up5d\s revolution 9 nature :i* 0 inaugurat$ 9 ! ,creation ( ,man1 x des]ves especial att5tion "h2 & we %all f9d x lead+ u q directly to our conclusion4 ,f ! ,orig9 ( ,man1 :5 ?or\ghly compreh5d$ 9 its g5]al outl9es1 we %all at l5g? be able to cat* "s glimpses ( 8 ,de/9y4 ,,xi4 ,univ]sal ,w>f>e ( ,primeval ,m54 ,9 speak+ ( ! high] altrui/ic feel+s z be+ antagoni/ic to ! cont9uance ( w>f>e1 ,i did n mean to imply t w>f>e c ev] be directly put d[n by our horror ( cruelty or our moral disapproval ( /rife4 ,! actual process is mu* m indirect & complex ?an ?is4 ,9 respect ( bellig]5cy ! e>lie/ m5 7 d\btless no bett] ?an brutes4 ,!y 7 simply ! mo/ crafty & =midable among brutes4 ,to get food 0 ! prime necessity ( life1 & z long z food 0 obta9able only by hunt+ & fi%+1 or o!rwise seiz+ ^u edible objects already 9 exi/5ce1 *ronic & univ]sal qu>rel 0 inevitable4 ,! conditions ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce 7 n yet visibly *ang$ f :at !y _h be5 f ! outset 9 ! animal _w4 ,t /ruggle meant ev]la/+ slaught]1 & ! fi]ce/ races ( fight]s w\ld be j ! ones to survive & p]petuate _! k9d4 ,^? mo/ successful primitive m51 f :om civiliz$ peoples are desc5d$1 mu/ h excell$ 9 trea*]y & cruelty1 z 9 quickness ( wit & /r5g? ( w4 ,t moral s5se :i* makes x seem wick$ to /eal & murd] 0 sc>cely m develop$ 9 !m ?an 9 tig]s or wolves4 ,b to all ?is !re 0 "o exception4 ,! family suppli$ motives = peaceful cop]ation4#ab ,)9 ! family limits fidelity & =be>ance _h _! uses1 = ev5ts c\ld n h be5 long 9 %[+ t ! mo/ coh]5t families w\ld prevail ov] _! less coh]5t rivals4 ,obs]vation ( ! mo/ savage races agrees ) ! comp>ative /udy ( ! in/itutions ( civiliz$ peoples1 9 prov+ t ! only bond ( political union recogniz$ among primitive m51 or conceivable by !m1 0 ! physical fact ( blood-relation%ip4 ,illu/rations ( ?is are f\nd 9 pl5ty f> )9 ! hi/oric p]iod4 ,! v t[n%ip1 :i* "u "o "n or ano!r has =m$ ! unit ( political society among all civiliz$ peoples1 0 orig9ally ! /ockad$ dwell+-place ( a clan :i* trac$ its blood to a common ance/or4 ,9 su* a condition ( ?+s ! ne>e/ approa* ev] made to peace 0 a /ate ( arm$ truce2 & :ile ! simple rules ( morality 7 recogniz$1 !y 7 only reg>d$ z b9d+ )9 ! limits ( ! clan4 ,!re 0 no recognition ( ! wick$ness ( robb]y & murd] 9 g5]al4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s1 z above h9t$1 c\ld n come to an end z long z m5 obta9$ food by seiz+ ^u edible objects already 9 exi/5ce4 ,! supply ( fi%1 game1 or fruit be+ /rictly limit$1 m5 mu/ ord9>ily fight "u p5alty ( />vation4 ,if we c\ld put a moral int]pretation ^u ev5ts :i* ant$at$ morality z we und]/& x1 we %\ld say x 0 _! duty to fight2 & ! rev]5ce accord$ to ! *iefta9 :o murd]$ mo/ successfully 9 behalf ( 8 clansm5 0 well des]v$4 ,x is wor?y ( note t1 9 isolat$ p>ts ( ! e>? :]e ! natural supply ( food is abundant1 z 9 sundry tropical isl&s ( ! ,pacific ,ocean1 m5 h ceas$ f w>f>e & become g5tle & docile )\t ris+ above ! intellectual level ( savag]y4 ,comp>$ ) o!r savages1 !y are l ! *impanzee z contra/$ ) ! gorilla4 ,su* exceptional in/ances well illu/rate ! g5]al tru? t1 s long z ! me?od ( obta9+ food 0 ! same z t employ$ by brute animals1 m5 mu/ cont9ue to fight l dogs ov] a bone4 ,,xii4 ,fir/ *eck$ by ! ,beg9n+s ( ,indu/rial ,civilization4 ,b pres5tly man's sup]ior intellig5ce came into play 9 su* wise t o!r & bett] me?ods ( gett+ food 7 devis$4 ,:5 9 int]vals ( peace m5 le>n$ to re> flocks & h]ds1 & to till ! gr\nd1 & :5 !y _h fur!r le>n$ to ex*ange ) "o ano!r ! products ( _! lab\r1 a new /ep1 ( mo/ pr(\nd significance1 0 tak54 ,tribes :i* _h once le>n$ h[ to d ^! ?+s 7 n long 9 ov]com+ _! neighb\rs1 & fl\ri%+ at _! exp5se1 = agriculture all[s a va/ly great] population to live ^u a giv5 area1 & 9 _m ways x fav\rs social compactness4 ,an imm5se s]ies ( social *anges 0 n[ begun4 ,:]eas ! only conceivable bond ( political comb9ation _h h]et(ore be5 blood-relation%ip1 a new basis 0 n[ furni%$ by t]ritorial contiguity & by community ( occupation4 ,! supply ( food 0 no long] /rictly limit$1 = x c\ld be indef9itely increas$ by peaceful indu/ry2 & moreov]1 9 ! free ex*ange ( ! products ( lab\r1 x ceas$ to be true t "o man's int]e/ 0 oppos$ to ano!r's4 ,m5 did n at once recognize ?is fact1 & inde$ x has n yet become univ]sally recogniz$1 s long h m5 p]si/$ 9 int]pret+ ! conditions ( indu/rial life 9 accordance ) ! immemorial traditions ( ! "t :5 ! means ( subsi/5ce 7 /rictly limit$1 s t "o man's success meant ano!r's />vation4 ,our robb] t>iffs--miscall$ protective--are survivals ( ! b>b>\s mode ( ?9k+ :i* fitt$ ! ages be=e indu/rial civilization began4 ,b al?\gh ! pacific implications ( free ex*ange 7 v sl[ly recogniz$1 x is n ! less true t ! beg9n+s ( agriculture & comm]ce m>k$ ! beg9n+s ( ! greate/ social revolution 9 ! :ole c>e] ( mank9d4 ,h5ce=? ! conditions = ! ma9t5ance ( physical life became diff]5t f :at !y _h be5 ?r\gh\t ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! animal _w4 ,x 0 no long] necess>y = m5 to qu>rel = _! food l dogs ov] a bone2 = !y c\ld n[ obta9 x f> m effectively by apply+ _! intellig5ce to ! task ( utiliz+ ! =ces ( inanimate nature2 & ! due execution ( su* a task 0 9 no wise assi/$ by wra? & cont5tion1 b f ! outset 0 r h9d]$ by su* ?+s4 ,su* 7 ! beg9n+s ( indu/rial civilization4 ,out ( its exig5cies1 cont9ually increas+ 9 complexity1 h proce$$1 directly or indirectly1 ! arts & sci5ces :i* h giv5 to mod]n life s mu* ( its int]e/ & value4 ,b m important /ill has be5 ! "w ( indu/rial civilization 9 ! e?ical field4 ,by furni%+ a wid] basis = political union ?an m]e blood-relation%ip1 x greatly ext5d$ ! area )9 :i* moral obligations 7 recogniz$ z b9d+4 ,at fir/ conf9$ to ! clan1 ! idea ( duty came at l5g? to ext5d ?r\gh\t a /ate 9 :i* _m clans 7 comb9$ & fus$1 & z x ?us increas$ 9 g5]ality & ab/ractness1 ! idea became immeasurably /r5g!n$ & ennobl$4 ,at la/1 ) ! rise ( empires1 9 :i* _m /ates 7 br\ght toge!r 9 pacific indu/rial relations1 ! recogniz$ sph]e ( moral obligation became enl>g$ until x compreh5d$ all mank9d4 ,,xiii4 ,me?ods ( ,political ,developm5t1 & ,elim9ation ( ,w>f>e4 ,?is rise ( empires1 ?is coalesc5ce ( small gr\ps ( m5 into l>g] & l>g] political aggregates1 has be5 ! *ief "w ( civilization1 :5 look$ at on its political side4#ac ,l all ! "w ( evolution1 ?is process has gone on irregul>ly & int]mitt5tly1 & its ultimate t5d5cy has only gradually become app>5t4 ,?is process ( coalesc5ce has f ! outset be5 br\ght ab\t by ! ne$s ( indu/rial civilization1 & ! *ief ob/acle :i* x has _h to enc\nt] has be5 ! univ]sal ho/ility & w>f>e bequea!d f primeval times4 ,! hi/ory ( mank9d has be5 l>gely made up ( fight+1 b 9 ! c>e]s ( ! mo/ progressive races ?is fight+ has be5 f> f mean+less1 l ! battles ( kites & cr[s4 ,9 ! /ream ( hi/ory :i*1 beg9n+ on ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 has wid5$ until 9 our day x cov]s bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic & is fa/ ext5d+ ov] ! remote/ p>ts ( ! e>?1--9 ?is ma9 /ream ( hi/ory ! w>f>e :i* has gone on has _h a cle>ly disc]nible purpose & mean+4 ,broadly consid]$1 ?is w>f>e has be5 *iefly ! /ruggle ( ! high] indu/rial civilization 9 def5d+ itself aga9/ ! attacks ( neighb\rs :o _h n advanc$ beyond t e>ly /age ( humanity 9 :i* w>f>e 0 *ronic & normal4 ,dur+ ! hi/oric p]iod1 ! w>s ( ,europe h be5 ei!r conte/s betwe5 ! indu/rial & ! pr$atory types ( society1 or conte/s incid5t ^u ! imp]fect =mation ( l>ge political aggregates4 ,!re h be5 ?ree ways 9 :i* great political bodies h aris54 ,! e>lie/ & l[e/ me?od 0 t ( conque/ )\t incorporation4 ,a s+le p[]ful tribe conqu]$ & annex$ its neighb\rs )\t admitt+ !m to a %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,x appropriat$ _! milit>y /r5g?1 robb$ !m ( mo/ ( ! fruits ( _! lab\r1 & ?us virtually enslav$ !m4 ,su* 0 ! orig9 ( ! great despotic empires ( ,ori5tal type4 ,su* /ates deg5]ate rapidly 9 milit>y /r5g?4 ,_! slavi% populations1 accu/om$ to be />v$ & beat5 or massacr$ by ! tax-ga!r]1 become unable to fight1 s t great armies ( !m w flee be=e a h&ful ( freem51 z 9 ! case ( ! anci5t ,p]sians & ! mod]n ,egyptians4 ,to /rike d[n ! executive head ( su* an assemblage ( enslav$ tribes is to effect ! conque/ or ! dissolution ( ! :ole mass1 & h5ce ! hi/ory ( ,ea/]n peoples has be5 *>act]iz$ by sudd5 & gigantic revolutions4 ,! second me?od ( =m+ great political bodies 0 t ( conque/ ) incorporation4 ,! conqu]+ tribe1 :ile annex+ its neighb\rs1 gradually admitt$ !m to a %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,9 ?is way arose ! ,roman empire1 ! l>ge/1 ! mo/ /able1 & 9 its be/ days ! mo/ pacific political aggregate ! _w _h z yet se54 ,?r\gh\t ! be/ "p ( ,europe1 its conque/s succe$$ 9 trans=m+ ! anci5t pr$atory type ( society into ! mod]n indu/rial type4 ,x effectually broke up ! primeval clan-sy/em1 ) its n>r[ e?ical ideas1 & arriv$ at ! broad conception ( rights & duties coext5sive ) ,humanity4 ,b 9 ! me?od ^u :i* ,rome proce$$ !re 0 an ess5tial elem5t ( weakness4 ,! simple device ( repres5tation1 by :i* political p[] is equally reta9$ 9 all p>ts ( ! community :ile its ex]cise is delegat$ to a c5tral body1 0 entirely unkn[n to ! ,romans4 ,p>tly = ?is reason1 & p>tly because ( ! t]rible milit>y pressure to :i* ! fronti] 0 p]petually expos$1 ! ,roman gov]nm5t became a despotism :i* gradually took on _m ( ! vices ( ! ,ori5tal type4 ,! political weakness :i* result$ f ?is all[$ ,europe to be ov]run by peoples organiz$ 9 clans & tribes1 & = "s "t !re 0 a p>tial retrogression t[>d ! disord] *>act]i/ic ( primitive ages4 ,! retrogression 0 b p>tial & tempor>y1 h[ev]2 ! expos$ fronti] has be5 /eadily pu%$ ea/w>d into ! he>t ( ,asia2 ! indu/rial type ( society is no long] m5ac$ by ! pr$atory type2 ! primeval clan-sy/em has entirely disappe>$ z a social =ce2 & w>f>e1 once ubiquit\s & *ronic1 has become local & occasional4 ,! ?ird & highe/ me?od ( =m+ great political bodies is t ( f$]ation4 ,! elem5t ( fight+ 0 ess5tial 9 ! two l[] me?ods1 b 9 ?is x is n ess5tial4 ,"h !re is no conque/1 b a volunt>y union ( small political gr\ps into a great political gr\p4 ,ea* little gr\p pres]ves its local indep5d5ce intact1 :ile =m+ "p ( an indissoluble :ole4 ,obvi\sly ?is me?od ( political union requires bo? high intellig5ce & high e?ical developm5t ,9 e>ly times x 0 impracticable4 ,x 0 fir/ attempt$1 ) brilliant ?\gh ephem]al success1 by ! ,greeks1 b x fail$ = want ( ! device ( repres5tation4 ,9 lat] times x 0 put into op]ation1 ) p]man5t success1 on a small scale by ! ,swiss1 & on a great scale by our =efa!rs 9 ,engl&4 ,! coalesc5ce ( %ires into ! k+dom ( ,engl&1 effect$ z x 0 by means ( a repres5tative assembly1 & accompani$ by ! g5]al ret5tion ( local self-gov]nm5t1 af=d$ a di/9ct prec$5t = su* a gigantic f$]al union z m5 ( ,engli% race h s9ce con/ruct$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,! pr9ciple ( f$]ation 0 !re1 ?\gh n ! "n4 ,& "h we hit ^u ! fundam5tal contra/ betwe5 ! hi/ory ( ,engl& & t ( ,france4 ,! me?od by :i* ! mod]n ,fr5* nation has be5 built up has be5 ! ,roman me?od ( conque/ ) incorporation4 ,z ! rul] ( ,p>is gradually ov]came 8 vassals1 "o aft] ano!r1 by w>f>e or diplomacy1 he annex$ _! c\nties to 8 royal doma91 & gov]n$ !m by lieut5ants s5t f ,p>is4 ,self-gov]nm5t 0 ?us cru%$ out 9 ,france1 :ile x 0 pres]v$ 9 ,engl&4 ,& j z ,rome a*iev$ its unprec$5t$ dom9ion by adopt+ a political me?od m effective ?an any t _h be5 hi!rto employ$1 s ,engl&1 employ+ = ! fir/ "t a /ill high] & m effective me?od1 has come to play a "p 9 ! _w comp>$ ) :i* ev5 ! "p play$ by ,rome seems insignificant4 ,! te/ ( ! relative /r5g? ( ! ,engli% & ,roman me?ods came :5 ,engl& & ,france cont5d$ = ! possession ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! p :i* pres]v$ its self-gov]nm5t c\ld s5d =? self-support+ colonies2 ! p :i* _h lo/ ! v tradition ( self-gov]nm5t c\ld n4 ,h5ce ! dom9ion ( ! sea1 ) t ( all ! outly+ p>ts ( ! e>?1 fell into ! h&s ( m5 ( ,engli% race2 & h5ce ! f$]ative me?od ( political union--! me?od :i* conta9s e elem5t ( p]man5ce1 & :i* is pacific 9 its v conception--is already assum+ a sway :i* is unque/ionably de/9$ to become univ]sal4 ,be>+ all ?is 9 m9d1 we _c fail to recognize ! tru? ( ! /atem5t t ! great w>s ( ! hi/oric p]iod h be5 ei!r conte/s betwe5 ! indu/rial & ! pr$atory types ( society or conte/s incid5t ^u ! imp]fect =mation ( great political aggregates4 ,?r\gh\t ! turmoil ( ! hi/oric p]iod--:i* on a sup]ficial view seems su* a *aos--we see c]ta9 def9ite t5d5cies at "w2 ! t5d5cy t[>d ! =mation ( l>g] & l>g] political aggregates1 & t[>d ! m p]fect ma9t5ance ( local self-gov]nm5t & individual fre$om among ! p>ts ( ! aggregate4 ,?is two-sid$ process began ) ! beg9n+s ( indu/rial civilization2 x has aid$ ! progress ( indu/ry & be5 aid$ by x2 & ! result has be5 to dim9i% ! quantity ( w>f>e1 & to less5 ! numb] ( po9ts at :i* x t\*es ! ord9>y c\rse ( civiliz$ life4 ,) ! fur!r cont9uance ( ?is process1 b "o ultimate result is possible4 ,x mu/ g on until w>f>e becomes obsolete4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury1 :i* has witness$ an unprec$5t$ developm5t ( indu/rial civilization1 ) its att5dant arts & sci5ces1 has also witness$ an unprec$5t$ dim9ution 9 ! /r5g? ( ! primeval _s ( militancy4 ,x is n t we h got rid ( great w>s1 b t ! relative proportion ( human /r5g? :i* has be5 employ$ 9 w>f>e has be5 rem>kably less ?an 9 any previ\s age4 ,9 our own hi/ory1 ( ! two really great w>s :i* h p]meat$ our :ole social exi/5ce1--! ,revolution>y ,w> & ! ,w> ( ,secession1--! fir/ 0 f\ght 9 behalf ( ! pacific pr9ciple ( equal repres5tation2 ! second 0 f\ght 9 behalf ( ! pacific pr9ciple ( f$]alism4 ,9 ea* case1 ! victory help$ to ha/5 ! day :5 w>f>e %all become unnecess>y4 ,9 ! few great w>s ( ,europe s9ce ! ov]?r[ ( ,napoleon1 we may see ! same pr9ciple at "w4 ,9 almo/ e case ! result has be5 to /r5g!n ! pacific t5d5cies ( mod]n society4 ,:]eas w>f>e 0 once dom9ant ov] ! face ( ! e>?1 & came home 9 all its horrid details to ev]ybody's door1 & ?reat5$ ! v exi/5ce ( indu/rial civilization2 x has n[ become n>r[ly conf9$ 9 "t & space1 x no long] comes home to ev]ybody's door1 &1 9 s f> z x is /ill tol]at$1 = want ( a bett] me?od ( settl+ grave int]national que/ions1 x has become q ancill>y to ! p>am\nt ne$s1 ( indu/rial civilization4 ,:5 we c see s mu* z ?is ly+ be=e u on ! pages ( hi/ory1 we _c fail to see t ! f9al ext9ction ( w>f>e is only a "q ( "t4 ,soon] or lat] x mu/ come to an end1 & ! pacific pr9ciple ( f$]alism1 :]eby que/ions betwe5 /ates are settl$1 l que/ions betwe5 individuals by due process ( law1 mu/ reign supreme ov] all ! e>?4 ,,xiv4 ,end ( ! ,work+ ( ,natural ,selection ^u ,man4 ,?r[+ (f ! ,brute-,inh]itance4 ,z reg>ds ! significance ( ,man's position 9 ! univ]se1 ?is gradual elim9ation ( /rife is a fact ( utt]ly unp>allel$ gr&eur4 ,words _c d ju/ice to su* a fact4 ,x means t ! :olesale de/ruction ( life1 :i* has h]et(ore *>act]iz$ evolution ev] s9ce life began1 & ?r\gh :i* ! high] =ms ( organic exi/5ce h be5 produc$1 mu/ pres5tly come to an end 9 ! case ( ! *ief ( ,god's creatures4 ,x means t ! univ]sal /ruggle = exi/5ce1 hav+ succe$$ 9 br++ =? t consummate product ( creative en]gy1 ! ,human ,s\l1 has done its "w & w pres5tly cease4 ,9 ! l[] regions ( organic life x mu/ g on1 b z a det]m9+ factor 9 ! highe/ "w ( evolution x w disappe>4 ,! action ( natural selection ^u ,man has long s9ce be5 ess5tially dim9i%$ ?r\gh ! op]ation ( social conditions4 ,= 9 all grades ( civilization above ! l[e/1 !re are s _m k9ds ( sup]iorities :i* sev]ally enable m5 to survive1 not)/&+ accompany+ inf]iorities1 t natural selection _c by itself rectify any p>ticul> unfitness4 ,9 a race ( inf]ior animals any maladju/m5t is quickly remov$ by natural selection1 because1 ow+ to ! univ]sal slaught]1 ! highe/ complet5ess ( life possible to a giv5 grade ( organization is requir$ = ! m]e ma9t5ance ( life4 ,b "u ! conditions surr\nd+ human developm5t x is o!rwise4#ad ,!re is a wide int]val betwe5 ! highe/ & l[e/ degrees ( complet5ess ( liv+ t are compatible ) ma9t5ance ( life4 ,h5ce ! wick$ fl\ri%4 ,vice is b sl[ly elim9at$1 because mank9d has s _m o!r qualities1 beside ! bad ones1 :i* enable x to subsi/ & a*ieve progress 9 spite ( !m1 t natural selection--:i* always works ?r\gh dea?--_c come into play4 ,! improvem5t ( civiliz$ man goes on ma9ly ?r\gh processes ( direct adaptation4 ,! pr9ciple 9 accordance ) :i* ! glov$ h& ( ! d&y becomes :ite & s(t :ile ! h& ( ! lab\r+ man gr[s br[n & t\gh is ! ma9 pr9ciple at "w 9 ! improvem5t ( ,humanity4 ,our intellectual faculties1 our passions & prejudices1 our ta/es & habits1 become /r5g!n$ by use & weak5$ by disuse1 j z ! blacksmi?'s arm gr[s /rong & ! horse turn$ out to pa/ure becomes unfit = "w4 ,?is law ( use & disuse has be5 ( imm5se importance ?r\gh\t ! :ole evolution ( organic life4 ,) ,man x has come to be p>am\nt4 ,if n[ we contra/ ! civiliz$ man intellectually & morally ) ! savage1 we f9d t1 along ) 8 va/ increase ( c]ebral surface1 he has an imm5sely great] p[] ( repres5t+ 9 imag9ation objects & relations n pres5t to ! s5ses4 ,?is is ! fundam5tal intellectual diff]5ce betwe5 civiliz$ m5 & savages4#ae ,! p[] ( imag9ation1 or ideal repres5tation1 und]lies ! :ole ( sci5ce & art1 & x is closely connect$ ) ! ability to "w h>d & submit to pres5t discom=t = ! sake ( a di/ant rew>d4 ,x is also closely connect$ ) ! developm5t ( ! sympa!tic feel+s4 ,! bett] we c imag9e objects & relations n pres5t to s5se1 ! m readily we c sympa?ize ) o!r p4 ,half ! cruelty 9 ! _w is ! direct result ( /upid incapacity to put "o's self 9 ! o!r man's place4 ,s closely int]-relat$ are our intellectual & moral natures t ! developm5t ( sympa?y is v consid]ably det]m9$ by increas+ wid? & v>iety ( exp]i5ce4 ,f ! simple/ =m ( sympa?y1 su* z ! pa9ful ?rill felt on see+ "s "o 9 a dang]\s position1 up to ! elaborate complication ( altrui/ic feel+s involv$ 9 ! notion ( ab/ract ju/ice1 ! developm5t is v l>gely a developm5t ( ! repres5tative faculty4 ,! v same causes1 !re=e1 deeply gr\nd$ 9 ! nature ( indu/rial civilization1 :i* h develop$ sci5ce & art1 h also _h a di/9ct t5d5cy to enc\rage ! gr[? ( ! sympa!tic emotions4 ,b1 z already obs]v$1 ^! emotions are /ill too feebly develop$1 ev5 9 ! highe/ races ( m54 ,we h made m progress 9 intellig5ce ?an 9 k9dness4 ,= ?\s&s ( g5]ations1 & until v rec5t times1 "o ( ! *ief occupations ( m5 has be5 to plund]1 bruise1 & kill "o ano!r4 ,! selfi% & ugly passions :i* are primordial--:i* h ! incalculable /r5g? ( inh]itance f ! "t :5 animal consci\sness began--h _h b little opportunity to gr[ weak f disuse4 ,! t5d] & unselfi% feel+s1 :i* are a lat] product ( evolution1 h too seldom be5 all[$ to gr[ /rong f ex]cise4 ,& ! :ims & prejudices ( ! primeval militant b>b>ism are sl[ 9 dy+ out f ! mid/ ( peaceful indu/rial civilization4 ,! co>s] =ms ( cruelty are disappe>+1 & ! but*]y ( m5 has greatly dim9i%$4 ,b mo/ p apply to indu/rial pursuits a notion ( antagonism d]iv$ f ages ( w>f>e1 & seek 9 all mann] ( ways to *eat or ov]rea* "o ano!r4 ,& z 9 m b>b>\s times ! h]o 0 he :o _h sla9 8 t5s ( ?\s&s1 s n[ ! man :o has made weal? by ov]rea*+ 8 neighb\rs is n uncommonly spok5 ( 9 t]ms :i* imply approval4 ,?\gh g5tlem51 moreov]1 no long] assail "o ano!r ) knives & clubs1 !y /ill inflict w\nds ) cruel words & sne]s4 ,?\gh ! free--?9k] is no long] *a9$ to a /ake & burn$1 p /ill tell lies ab\t him1 & d _! be/ to />ve him by hurt+ 8 reputation4 ,! virtues ( =be>ance & self-control are /ill 9 a v rudim5t>y /ate1 & ( mutual helpfulness !re is f> too little among m54 ,nev]!less 9 all ^! respects "s improvem5t has be5 made1 along ) ! dim9ution ( w>f>e1 & by ! "t w>f>e has n m]ely ceas$ f ! e>? b has come to be ! dimly rememb]$ phantom ( a remote pa/1 ! developm5t ( ! sympa!tic side ( human nature w d\btless become prodigi\s4 ,! manife/ation ( selfi% & hateful feel+s w be m & m /]nly repress$ by public op9ion1 & su* feel+s w become weak5$ by disuse1 :ile ! sympa!tic feel+s w increase 9 /r5g? z ! sph]e = _! ex]cise is enl>g$4 ,& ?us at l5g? we see :at human progress means4 ,x means ?r[+ (f ! brute-inh]itance1--gradually ?r[+ x (f ?r\gh ages ( /ruggle t are by & by to make /ruggle ne$less4 ,man is sl[ly pass+ f a primitive social /ate 9 :i* he 0 little bett] ?an a brute1 t[>d an ultimate social /ate 9 :i* 8 "* %all h become s trans=m$ t no?+ ( ! brute c be detect$ 9 x4 ,! ape & ! tig] 9 human nature w become ext9ct4 ,!ology has _h mu* to say ab\t orig9al s94 ,?is orig9al s9 is nei!r m nor less ?an ! brute-inh]itance :i* e man c>ries ) him1 & ! process ( evolution is an advance t[>d true salvation4 ,fre% value is ?us add$ to human life4 ,! mod]n prophet1 employ+ ! me?ods ( sci5ce1 may aga9 proclaim t ! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&4 ,"w ye1 !re=e1 e>ly & late1 to prep>e its com+4 ,,xv4 ,! ,message ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,n[ :at is ?is message ( ! mod]n prophet b pure ,*ri/ianity8--n ! mass ( !ological doctr9e +5i\sly pil$ up by ,ju/9 ,m>tyr & ,t]tullian & ,clem5t & ,a?anasius & ,augu/9e1 b ! real & ess5tial ,*ri/ianity :i* came1 fraught ) good tid+s to m51 f ! v lips ( ,jesus & ,paul6 ,:5 did ,/4 ,paul's conception ( ! two m5 )9 him t w>r$ aga9/ ea* o!r1 ! appetites ( our brute nature & ! ,god-giv5 ye>n+ = a high] life1--:5 did ?is gr& conception ev] h s mu* significance z n[8 ,:5 h we ev] be=e held su* a clew to ! mean+ ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt8 ,bless$ are ! meek1 = !y %all inh]it ! e>?4 ,9 ! cruel /rife ( c5turies has x n (t5 seem$ z if ! e>? 7 to be r ! prize ( ! h>de/ he>t & ! /ronge/ fi/8 ,to _m m5 ^! words ( ,*ri/ h be5 z fooli%ness & z a /umbl+-block1 & ! e?ics ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt h be5 op5ly d]id$ z too good = ?is _w4 ,9 t wond]ful picture ( mod]n life :i* is ! greate/ "w ( "o ( ! great se]s ( our "t1 ,victor ,hugo gives a concrete illu/ration ( ! work+ ( ,*ri/'s me?ods4 ,9 ! sa9tlike c>e] ( ,bi%op ,myriel1 & 9 ! trans=mation :i* 8 example works 9 ! "* ( ! h>d5$ outlaw ,jean ,valjean1 we h a mo/ p[]ful comm5t>y on ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,by "s critics :o c\ld express _! views freely ab\t ,les ,misrables :ile hesitat+ to impugn directly ! au?ority ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,monseigneur ,bi5v5u 0 unsp>+ly ridicul$ z a man ( impossible goodness1 & z a milksop & fool )al4 ,b ,i ?9k ,victor ,hugo und]/ood ! capabilities ( human nature1 & its real dignity1 mu* bett] ?an ^! sc(f]s4 ,9 a l[ /age ( civilization ,monseigneur ,bi5v5u w\ld h _h small *ance ( rea*+ middle life4 ,*ri/ himself1 we rememb]1 0 crucifi$ betwe5 two ?ieves4 ,x is none ! less true t :5 once ! degree ( civilization is su* z to all[ ?is highe/ type ( "*1 di/+ui%$ by its meekness & k9dness1 to take root & ?rive1 its me?ods are incomp>able 9 _! pot5cy4 ,! ,ma/] knew full well t ! "t 0 n yet ripe1--t he br\ght n peace1 b a sword4 ,b he prea*$ nev]!less t gospel ( great joy :i* is by & by to be realiz$ by toil+ ,humanity1 & he ann\nc$ e?ical pr9ciples fit = ! "t t is com+4 ,! great orig9ality ( 8 tea*+1 & ! feature t has *iefly giv5 x p[] 9 ! _w1 lay 9 ! di/9ctness ) :i* he conceiv$ a /ate ( society f :i* e ve/ige ( /rife1 & ! modes ( behavi\r adapt$ to ages ( /rife1 %all be utt]ly & =ev] swept away4 ,?r\gh mis]y t has seem$ un5durable & turmoil t has seem$ endless1 m5 h ?\ght on t graci\s life & its sublime ideal1 & h tak5 com=t 9 ! sweetly solemn message ( peace on e>? & good w to m54 ,i believe t ! promise ) :i* ,i />t$ has n[ be5 amply r$eem$4 ,i believe x has be5 fully %[n t s f> f degrad+ ,humanity1 or putt+ x on a level ) ! animal _w 9 g5]al1 ! doctr9e ( evolution %[s u di/9ctly = ! fir/ "t h[ ! creation & ! p]fect+ ( ,man is ! goal t[>d :i* ,nature's "w has be5 t5d+ f ! fir/4 ,we c n[ see cle>ly t our new k enl>ges t5fold ! significance ( human life1 & makes x seem m ?an ev] ! *ief object ( ,div9e c>e1 ! consummate fruition ( t creative en]gy :i* is manife/$ ?r\gh\t ! kn[able univ]se4 ,,xvi4 ,! ,"q z to a ,future ,life4 ,^u ! "q :e!r ,humanity is1 aft] all1 to ca/ 9 its lot ) ! grass t )]s & ! bea/s t p]i%1 ! :ole =ego+ argum5t has a be>+ t is by no means remote or f>-fet*$4 ,x is n likely t we %all ev] succe$ 9 mak+ ! immortality ( ! s\l a matt] ( sci5tific demon/ration1 = we lack ! requisite data4 ,x mu/ ev] rema9 an affair ( religion r ?an ( sci5ce4 ,9 o!r words1 x mu/ rema9 "o ( t class ( que/ions ^u :i* ,i may n expect to conv9ce my neighb\r1 :ile at ! same "t ,i may ent]ta9 a reasonable conviction ( my own ^u ! subject4#af ,9 ! doma9 ( c]ebral physiology ! "q might be debat$ =ev] )\t a result4 ,! only ?+ :i* c]ebral physiology tells u1 :5 /udi$ ) ! aid ( molecul> physics1 is aga9/ ! mat]iali/1 s f> z x goes4 ,x tells u t1 dur+ ! pres5t life1 al?\gh ?\ght & feel+ are always manife/$ 9 connection ) a peculi> =m ( matt]1 yet by no possibility c ?\ght & feel+ be 9 any s5se ! products ( matt]4 ,no?+ c\ld be m grossly unsci5tific ?an ! fam\s rem>k ( ,cabanis1 t ! bra9 secretes ?\ght z ! liv] secretes bile4 ,x is n ev5 correct to say t ?\ght goes on 9 ! bra94 ,:at goes on 9 ! bra9 is an amaz+ly complex s]ies ( molecul> movem5ts1 ) :i* ?\ght & feel+ are 9 "s unkn[n way correlat$1 n z effects or z causes1 b z concomitants4 ,s mu* is cle>1 b c]ebral physiology says no?+ ab\t ano!r life4 ,inde$1 :y %\ld x8 ,! la/ place 9 ! _w to :i* ,i %\ld g = in=mation ab\t a /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* ?\ght & feel+ c exi/ 9 ! abs5ce ( a c]ebrum w\ld be c]ebral physiology6 ,! mat]iali/ic assumption t !re is no su* /ate ( ?+s1 & t ! life ( ! s\l accord+ly ends ) ! life ( ! body1 is p]haps ! mo/ colossal in/ance ( baseless assumption t is kn[n to ! hi/ory ( philosophy4 ,no evid5ce = x c be alleg$ beyond ! famili> fact t dur+ ! pres5t life we "k ,s\l only 9 its association ) ,body1 & !re=e _c discov] disembodi$ s\l )\t dy+ ourselves4 ,?is fact mu/ always prev5t u f obta9+ direct evid5ce = ! belief 9 ! s\l's survival4 ,b a negative presumption is n creat$ by ! abs5ce ( pro( 9 cases :]e1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 pro( is inaccessible4#ag ,) 8 illegitimate hypo!sis ( annihilation1 ! mat]iali/ transgresses ! b\nds ( exp]i5ce q z widely z ! poet :o s+s ( ! ,new ,j]usalem ) its riv] ( life & its /reets ( gold4 ,sci5tifically speak+1 !re is n a p>ticle ( evid5ce = ei!r view4 ,b :5 we desi/ f ! futile attempt to introduce sci5tific demon/ration into a region :i* confess$ly transc5ds human exp]i5ce1 & :5 we consid] ! "q ^u broad gr\nds ( moral probability1 ,i h no d\bt t m5 w cont9ue 9 ! future1 z 9 ! pa/1 to *]i% ! fai? 9 a life beyond ! grave4 ,9 pa/ times ! disbelief 9 ! s\l's immortality has always accompani$ t k9d ( philosophy :i*1 "u :atev] "n1 has reg>d$ ,humanity z m]ely a local incid5t 9 an endless & aimless s]ies ( cosmical *anges4 ,z a g5]al rule1 p :o h come to take su* a view ( ! position ( ,man 9 ! univ]se h ceas$ to believe 9 a future life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he :o reg>ds ,man z ! consummate fruition ( creative en]gy1 & ! *ief object ( ,div9e c>e1 is almo/ irresi/ibly driv5 to ! belief t ! s\l's c>e] is n complet$ ) ! pres5t life ^u ! e>?4 ,difficulties on !ory he w naturally expect to meet 9 _m qu>t]s2 b ^! w n weak5 8 fai?1 especially :5 he rememb]s t ^u ! alt]native view ! difficulties are at lea/ z great4 ,we live 9 a _w ( my/]y1 at all ev5ts1 & !re is n a problem 9 ! simple/ & mo/ exact dep>tm5ts ( sci5ce :i* does n spe$ily lead u to a transc5d5tal problem t we c nei!r solve nor elude4 ,a broad common-s5se argum5t has (t5 to be call$ 91 :]e ke5-edg$ metaphysical analysis has confess$ itself baffl$4 ,n[ we h "h se5 t ! doctr9e ( evolution does n all[ u to take ! a!i/ic view ( ! position ( ,man4 ,x is true t mod]n a/ronomy %[s u giant balls ( vap\r cond5s+ into fi]y suns1 cool+ d[n into planets fit = ! support ( life1 & at la/ gr[+ cold & rigid 9 dea?1 l ! moon4 ,& !re are indications ( a "t :5 sy/ems ( dead planets %all fall 9 ^u _! c5tral emb] t 0 once a sun1 & ! :ole lifeless mass1 ?us rega9+ heat1 %all exp& into a nebul\s cl\d l t ) :i* we />t$1 t ! "w ( cond5sation & evolution may beg9 ov] aga94 ,^! ,titanic ev5ts mu/ d\btless seem to our limit$ vision l an endless & aimless s]ies ( cosmical *anges4 ,!y disclose no signs ( purpose1 or ev5 ( dramatic t5d5cy2#ah !y seem l ! we>y "w ( ,sisyphos4 ,b on ! face ( our own planet1 :]e alone we are able to survey ! process ( evolution 9 its high] & m complex details1 we d f9d di/9ct indications ( a dramatic t5d5cy1 ?\gh d\btless n ( purpose 9 ! limit$ human s5se4 ,! ,d>w9ian !ory1 prop]ly und]/ood1 replaces z mu* teleology#ai z x de/roys4 ,f ! fir/ dawn+ ( life we see all ?+s work+ toge!r t[>d "o mighty goal1 ! evolution ( ! mo/ exalt$ spiritual qualities :i* *>act]ize ,humanity4 ,! body is ca/ aside & returns to ! du/ ( :i* x 0 made4 ,! e>?1 s m>vell\sly wr\ght to man's uses1 w also be ca/ aside4 ,! day is to come1 no d\bt1 :5 ! heav5s %all vani% z a scroll1 & ! elem5ts be melt$ ) f]v5t heat4 ,s small is ! value :i* ,nature sets ^u ! p]i%able =ms ( matt]6 ,! "q1 !n1 is r$uc$ to ?is3 are ,man's highe/ spiritual qualities1 into ! production ( :i* all ?is creative en]gy has gone1 to disappe> ) ! re/8 ,has all ?is "w be5 done = no?+8 ,is x all ephem]al1 all a bubble t bur/s1 a vision t fades8 ,are we to reg>d ! ,creator's "w z l t ( a *ild1 :o builds h\ses out ( blocks1 j = ! pleasure ( knock+ !m d[n8 ,= aught t sci5ce c tell u1 x may be s1 b ,i c see no good reason = believ+ any su* ?+4 ,on su* a view ! riddle ( ! univ]se becomes a riddle )\t a mean+4 ,:y1 !n1 are we any m call$ ^u to ?r[ away our belief 9 ! p]man5ce ( ! spiritual elem5t 9 ,man ?an we are call$ ^u to ?r[ away our belief 9 ! con/ancy ( ,nature8 ,:5 que/ion$ z to ! gr\nd ( our irresi/ible belief t l causes mu/ always be foll[$ by l effects1 ,mr4 ,mill's answ] 0 t x is ! result ( an induction coext5sive ) ! :ole ( our exp]i5ce2 ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s answ] 0 t x is a po/ulate :i* we make 9 e act ( exp]i5ce2#bj b ! au?ors ( ! ,unse5 ,univ]se1 slightly v>y+ ! =m ( /atem5t1 call$ x a supreme act ( fai?1--! expression ( a tru/ 9 ,god1 t ,he w n put u to p]man5t intellectual confusion4 ,n[ ! m ?or\ghly we compreh5d t process ( evolution by :i* ?+s h come to be :at !y are1 ! m we are likely to feel t to d5y ! ev]la/+ p]si/5ce ( ! spiritual elem5t 9 ,man is to rob ! :ole process ( its mean+4 ,x goes f> t[>d putt+ u to p]man5t intellectual confusion1 & ,i d n see t any "o has z yet alleg$1 or is ev] likely to allege1 a suffici5t reason = our accept+ s dire an alt]native4 ,= my own "p1 !re=e1 ,i believe 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 n 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,i accept ! demon/rable tru?s ( sci5ce1 b z a supreme act ( fai? 9 ! reasonabl5ess ( ,god's "w4 ,su* a belief1 relat+ to regions q inaccessible to exp]i5ce1 _c ( c\rse be clo!d 9 t]ms ( def9ite & tangible mean+4 ,= ! exp]i5ce :i* alone c give u su* t]ms we mu/ await t solemn day :i* is to ov]take u all4 ,! belief c be mo/ quickly def9$ by its negation1 z ! refusal to believe t ?is _w is all4 ,! mat]iali/ holds t :5 y h describ$ ! :ole univ]se ( ph5om5a ( :i* we c become cognizant "u ! conditions ( ! pres5t life1 !n ! :ole /ory is told4 ,x seems to me1 on ! contr>y1 t ! :ole /ory is n ?us told4 ,i feel ! omnipres5ce ( my/]y 9 su* wise z to make x f> easi] = me to adopt ! view ( ,euripides1 t :at we call dea? may be b ! dawn+ ( true k & ( true life4 ,! greate/ philosoph] ( mod]n times1 ! ma/] & tea*] ( all :o %all /udy ! process ( evolution = _m a day to come1 holds t ! consci\s s\l is n ! product ( a collocation ( mat]ial p>ticles1 b is 9 ! deepe/ s5se a div9e efflu5ce4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 ! div9e en]gy :i* is manife/$ ?r\gh\t ! kn[able univ]se is ! same en]gy t wells up 9 u z consci\sness4 ,speak+ = myself1 ,i c see no insup]able difficulty 9 ! notion t at "s p]iod 9 ! evolution ( ,humanity ?is div9e sp>k may h acquir$ suffici5t conc5tration & /ead9ess to survive ! wreck ( mat]ial =ms & endure =ev]4 ,su* a cr[n+ wond] seems to me no m ?an ! fit climax to a creative "w t has be5 ineffably beautiful & m>vell\s 9 all its myriad /ages4 ,only on "s su* view c ! reasonabl5ess ( ! univ]se1 :i* /ill rema9s f> above our f9ite p[] ( compreh5sion1 ma9ta9 its gr\nd4 ,!re are "s m9ds inaccessible to ! class ( consid]ations "h alleg$1 & p]haps !re always w be4 ,b on su* gr\nds1 if on no o!r1 ! fai? 9 immortality is likely to be %>$ by all :o look ^u ! g5esis ( ! highe/ spiritual qualities 9 ,man z ! goal ( ,nature's creative "w4 ,?is view has surviv$ ! ,cop]nican revolution 9 sci5ce1 & x has surviv$ ! ,d>w9ian revolution4 ,nay1 if ! =ego+ exposition be s\nd1 x is ,d>w9ism :i* has plac$ ,humanity ^u a high] p9nacle ?an ev]4 ,! future is light$ = u ) ! radiant col\rs ( hope4 ,/rife & sorr[ %all disappe>4 ,peace & love %all reign supreme4 ,! dream ( poets1 ! lesson ( prie/ & prophet1 ! inspiration ( ! great musician1 is confirm$ 9 ! light ( mod]n k2 & z we gird ourselves up = ! "w ( life1 we may look =w>d to ! "t :5 9 ! true/ s5se ! k+doms ( ?is _w %all become ! k+dom ( ,*ri/1 & he %all reign = ev] & ev]1 k+ ( k+s & "l ( lords4 ,,ref]5ces4 ,c4,p41 ,outl9es ( ,cosmic ,philosophy1 #ahgd2 ,u4,w41 ,! ,unse5 ,_w1 #ahgf2 ,d41 ,d>w9ism & ,o!r ,essays1 #ahgi2 ,e4,e41 ,excursions ( an ,evolutioni/1 #ahhd4 #a3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #dcb-dea4 #b3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #hi-ia4 #c3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #cah-cba2 ,d4 #de4 #d3 ,u4,w4 #dj-db2 ,d4 #fe-gd2 ,e4,e4 #bgh-bhb1 #cbg1 #ccf4 #e3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #aed-aei4 #f3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #acc-ace4 #g3 ,d4 #de-dh2 ,e4,e4 #cjf-cai4 #h3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #caj4 #i3 ,e4,e4 #aji-adf4 #aj3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #bhd-cbc4 #aa3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #cdb-cdf1 #ceh-cfc4 #ab3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #bjb-bjh4 #ac3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #bac-bbd4 #ad3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #ccd4 #ae3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #cab-cae4 #af3 ,u4,w4 #ed2 ,e4,e4 #bhi-bia4 #ag3 ,u4,w4 #dg-ej2 ,d4 #ge4 #ah3 ,d4 #if-ajb4 #ai3 ,c4,p4 ii4 #djf4 #bj3 ,c4,p4 i4 #de-ga1 #bhf2 ii4 #afb2 ,u4,w4 #f2 ,d4 #hg-ie4 99 99 99 99 99 ,john ,fiske's ,writ+s4 ,,my?s ,,& ,,my?-,,mak]s3 ,old ,tales & ,sup]/itions int]pret$ by ,comp>ative ,my?ology1 #ag? ,edition4 #abmo1 #b4jj4 ,,outl9es ,,( ,,cosmic ,,philosophy4 ,bas$ on ! ,doctr9e ( ,evolution1 ) ,criticisms on ! ,positive ,philosophy4 #ad? ,edition4 #b vols41 #hvo1 #f4jj ,,! ,,unse5 ,,_w1 & o!r ,essays1 #ab? ,edition4 #abmo1 #b4jj4 ,,excursions ,,( ,,an ,,evolutioni/4 #ae? ,edition4 #abmo1 #b4jj4 ,,d>w9ism1 & o!r ,essays4 #h? ,edition4 #abmo1 #b4jj4 ,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,man1 view$ 9 ! ,light ( ,8 ,orig94 #bj? ,edition4 #afmo1 #a4jj4 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,god1 z affect$ by ,mod]n ,k4 ,a ,sequel to ,! ,de/9y ( ,man4 #ad? ,?\s&4 #afmo1 #a4jj4 ,,! ,,critical ,,p]iod ,,( ,,am]ican ,,hi/ory4 #aghc-aghi4 #ab? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #b4jj4 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,new ,,engl& or ! ,puritan ,!ocracy 9 its ,relations to ,civil & ,religi\s ,lib]ty4 #aj? ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #b4jj4 ,,! ,,w> ,,( ,,indep5d5ce4 ,9 ,riv]side ,libr>y = ,"y ,p4 #afmo1 #ge c5ts4 ,,! ,,discov]y ,,& ,,spani% ,,conque/ ,,( ,,am]ica4 ,) ,maps1 #aa? ,?\s&4 #b vols41 cr[n #hvo1 #d4jj4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,revolution4 #h? ,?\s&4 #b vols41 cr[n #hvo1 #d4jj4 ,,civil ,,gov]nm5t ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,,consid]$ ,,) ,,"s ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,its ,,orig9s4 #ef? ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #a4jj1 net4 ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,co4 ,,bo/on ,,& ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,am]ican ,,political ,,ideas1 view$ f ! ,/&-po9t ( ,univ]sal ,hi/ory4 ,sev5? ,edition4 #abmo1 #a4jj4 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,new ,york4 ,,! ,,writ+s ,,( ,,john ,,fiske4 ,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,,am]ica4 ,) "s ,acc\nt ( ,anci5t ,am]ica & ! ,spani% ,conque/4 ,) a /eel portrait ( ,mr4 ,fiske1 reproductions ( _m old maps1 sev]al mod]n maps1 facsimiles1 & o!r illu/rations4 #b vols4 cr[n #hvo1 #d4jj4 ,,l>ge-,,pap] ,,edition4 ,limit$ to #bej copies4 #d vols4 #hvo1 #af4jj1 net4 ,?is "w =ms ! beg9n+ ( ,mr4 ,fiske's hi/ory ( ,am]ica4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ important s+le portion yet complet$ by him1 & gives ! results ( va/ rese>*4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,revolution4 ,) ,plans ( ,battles1 & a new ,/eel ,portrait ( ,wa%+ton1 engrav$ by ,willcox f a m9iature nev] be=e reproduc$4 #b vols4 cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1 #d4jj4 ,! read] may turn to ^! volumes ) full assurance ( fai? = a fre% rehe>sal ( ! old facts1 :i* no "t c /ale1 & = new views ( ^? old facts1 accord+ to ! l>g] framework ( ideas 9 :i* !y c n[ be set by ! ma/] ( a captivat+ /yle & an exp]t 9 hi/orical philosophy4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,! fre%ness & vivid int]e/ ( ! n>rative & ! compreh5sive g5]alization :i* spr+s naturally f ! au?or's plan ( a l>ge "w on ,am]ican hi/ory1 ( :i* ! two volumes n[ publi%$ are no m ?an a ?ird or a f\r? "p1 make x a book ( new & p]man5t int]e/4--,spr+field ,republican4 ,,civil ,,gov]nm5t ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,consid]$ ) "s ,ref]5ce to its ,orig9s4 ,) ,que/ions on ! ,text by ,frank ,a4 ,hill1 & ,bibliographical ,notes by ,mr4 ,fiske4 #abmo1 #a4jj1 net4 ,if ?is admirable volume 7,fiske's ,civil ,gov]nm5t7 c be fairly taught to our ris+ g5]ation1 ! future1 we believe1 w %[ t ,mr4 ,fiske has nev] done m useful "w ?an 9 its prep>ation4--,! ,congregationali/ 7,bo/on74 ,,! ,,critical ,,p]iod ,,( ,,am]ican ,,hi/ory4 #aghc-aghi4 ,) ,map1 ,notes1 etc4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #b4jj4 ,! au?or comb9es 9 an unusual degree ! imp>tiality ( ! tra9$ s*ol> ) ! f]vor ( ! int]e/$ n>rator4444 ,! volume %\ld be 9 e libr>y 9 ! l&4--,! ,congregationali/ 7,bo/on74 ,an admirable book4444 ,mr4 ,fiske has a great tal5t = mak+ hi/ory int]e/+ to ! g5]al read]4--,new ,york ,times4 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,new ,,engl&2 ,or1 ! ,puritan ,!ocracy 9 its ,relations to ,civil & ,religi\s ,lib]ty4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #b4jj4 ,x deals ) ! e>ly colonial hi/ory ( ,new ,engl& 9 ! ent]ta9+ & vivid /yle :i* has m>k$ all ( ,mr4 ,fiske's writ+s on ,am]ican hi/ory1 & x is di/+ui%$1 l !m1 by its aggressive patriotism & its ju/ice to all p>ties 9 controv]sy4444 ,! :ole book is novel & fre% 9 treatm5t1 philosophical & wise1 & w n be laid d[n till "o has read ! la/ page1 & rema9s impati5t = :at is /ill to come4--,bo/on ,po/4 ,,! ,,w> ,,( ,,indep5d5ce4 ,9 ,riv]side ,libr>y = ,"y ,p4 ,) ,maps4 #afmo1 #ge c5ts4 ,john ,fiske's ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce is a miracle4444 ,a book brilliant & effective beyond measure4444 ,x is a /atem5t t e *ild c compreh5d1 b t only a man ( consummate g5ius c\ld h writt54--,mrs4 ,,c>ol9e ,h4 ,,dall1 9 ! ,spr+field ,republican4 ,! /ory ( ! ,revolution1 z ,mr4 ,fiske tells x1 is "o ( surpass+ int]e/4 ,8 treatm5t is a m>vel ( cle>ness & compreh5siv5ess2 disc>d+ non-ess5tial details1 he selects ) a f9e hi/oric in/9ct ! ma9 curr5ts ( hi/ory1 traces !m ) ! utmo/ precision1 & tells ! :ole /ory 9 a ma/]ly fa%ion4 ,8 little volume w be a text-book = old] q z mu* z = "y read]s4--,*ri/ian ,union 7,new ,york74 ,,outl9es ,,( ,,cosmic ,,philosophy ,bas$ on ! ,doctr9e ( ,evolution1 ) ,criticisms on ! ,positive ,philosophy4 ,9 two volumes4 #hvo1 #f4jj4 ,y mu/ all[ me to ?ank y = ! v great int]e/ ) :i* ,i h at la/ sl[ly read ! :ole ( y\r "w4444 ,i nev] 9 my life read s lucid an expositor 7& !re=e ?9k]7 z y are2 & ,i ?9k t ,i und]/& ne>ly ! :ole1 ?\gh p]haps less cle>ly ab\t cosmic !ism & causation ?an o!r p>ts4 ,x is hopeless to attempt out ( s mu* to specify :at has int]e/$ me mo/1 & probably y w\ld n c>e to he>4 ,x pleas$ me to f9d t "h & !re ,i _h arriv$1 f my own crude ?\ghts1 at "s ( ! same conclusions ) y1 ?\gh ,i c\ld seldom or nev] h giv5 my reasons = su* conclusions4--,,*>les ,,d>w94 ,?is "w ( ,mr4 ,fiske's may be n unfairly designat$ ! mo/ important contribution yet made by ,am]ica to philosophical lit]ature4--,! ,academy 7,london74 ,,d>w9ism1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,essays4 ,if ev] !re 0 a _s ?or\ghly invigorat$ by ! joy ( "r und]/&+ x is t ( ! au?or ( ^! pieces4 ,ev5 ! read] cat*es some?+ ( 8 intellectual buoyancy1 & is ?us c>ri$ almo/ lightly ?r\gh discussions :i* w\ld be h>d & dry 9 ! h&s ( a less animat$ writ]4444 ,no less confid5t & s]5e ?an 8 acceptance ( ! utmo/ logical results ( rec5t sci5tific discov]y is ,mr4 ,fiske's assurance t ! f\ndations ( spiritual tru?s1 s call$1 _c possibly be %ak5 !reby4--,! ,atlantic ,mon?ly 7,bo/on74 ,,! ,,unse5 ,,_w1 ,& ,o!r ,essays4 #abmo1 #b4jj4 ,to ea* /udy ! writ] seems to h br\ght1 besides an excell5t quality ( discrim9at+ judgm5t1 full & fre% special k1 t enables him to supply mu* in=mation on ! subject1 :atev] x may be1 t is n to be f\nd 9 ! volume he is notic+4 ,to ! k1 analytical p[]1 & faculty ( cle> /atem5t1 t appe> 9 all ^! pap]s1 ,mr4 ,fiske adds a j indep5d5ce ( ?\ght t conciliates respectful consid]ation ( 8 views1 ev5 :5 !y are mo/ at v>iance ) ! commonly accept$ ones4--,bo/on ,adv]tis]4 ,,excursions ,,( ,,an ,,evolutioni/4 #abmo1 #b4jj4 ,among our ?\ghtful essayi/s !re are none m brilliant ?an ,mr4 ,john ,fiske4 ,8 pure /yle suits 8 cle> ?\ght4 ,he does n write unless he has some?+ to say2 & :5 he does write he %[s n only t he has ?or\ghly acqua9t$ himself ) ! subject b t he has to a r>e degree ! art ( s mass+ 8 matt] z to br+ out ! true value ( ! lead+ po9ts 9 arti/ic relief4 ,x is ?is p]spective :i* makes 8 "w su* agreeable read+ ev5 on ab/ruse subjects1 & has enabl$ him to play ! same "p 9 popul>iz+ ,sp5c] 9 ?is c\ntry t ,littr p]=m$ = ,comte 9 ,france1 & ,dumont = ,b5?am 9 ,engl&4 ,! same qualities appe> to good advantage 9 8 new volume1 :i* conta9s 8 lat] essays on 8 favorite subject ( evolution4444 ,!y are well wor? rep]usal4--,! ,nation 7,new ,york74 ,,my?s ,,& ,,my?-,,mak]s4 ,old ,tales & ,sup]/itions int]pret$ by ,comp>ative ,my?ology4 #abmo1 #b4jj4 ,mr4 ,fiske has giv5 u a book :i* is at once s5sible & attractive1 on a subject ab\t :i* mu* is writt5 t is crot*ety or t$i\s4--,w4,r4,s4 ,,ral/on1 9 ,a!num 7,london74 ,a p]usal ( ?is ?or\gh "w _c be too /rongly recomm5d$ to all :o are int]e/$ 9 comp>ative my?ology4--,revue ,critique 7,p>is74 ,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,man1 ,view$ 9 ! ,light ( 8 ,orig94 #afmo1 gilt top1 #a4jj4 ,mr4 ,fiske has giv5 u 9 8 ,de/9y ( ,man a mo/ attractive cond5sation ( 8 views z express$ 9 8 v>i\s o!r works4 ,"o is *>m$ by ! directness & cle>ness ( 8 /yle1 8 simple & pure ,engli%1 & 8 evid5t k ( 8 subject4444 ,( "o ?+ we may be sure1 t none are lead+ u m surely or rapidly to ! full tru? ?an m5 l ! au?or ( ?is little book1 :o rev]5tly /udy ! works ( ,god = ! lessons :i* he w\ld tea* 8 *ildr54--,*ri/ian ,union 7,new ,york74 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,god1 ,z ,affect$ by ,mod]n ,k4 #afmo1 gilt top1 #a4jj4 ,! *>ms ( ,john ,fiske's /yle are pat5t4 ,! secrets ( its flu5cy1 cle>ness1 & beauty are secrets :i* _m a mak] ( lit]>y /uffs has attempt$ to unravel1 9 ord] to weave l clo?-(-gold4444 ,a model = au?ors & a delight to read]s4--,! ,critic 7,new ,york74 999999 ,= sale by all ,booksell]s4 ,s5t by mail1 po/paid1 on receipt ( price by ! ,publi%]s1 ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,co4 #d ,p>k ,/reet1 ,bo/on2 #aa ,ea/ #ag? ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99