,,! ,,relations ,,betwe5 ,,religion ,,& ,,sci5ce ,,eight ,,lectures ,,prea*$ ,,be=e ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ox=d ,,9 ,,! ,,ye> #ahhd ,,on ,,! ,,f\ndation ,,( ,,! ,,late ,,rev4 ,,john ,,bampton1 ,m4,a4 ,,canon ,,( ,,salisbury ,,by ,,! ,,"r ,,rev4 ,,fr$]ick1 ,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,exet] ,london ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,new ,,york3 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #aijc ,fir/ ,edition1 #hvo1 #ahhd4 ,repr9t$ ,janu>y & ,febru>y 7twice71 #ahhe1 ,april1 #ahhe2 ,re-issue 7,cr[n #hvo71 ,novemb]1 #ahhe1 #aijc4 ,,ox=d3 ,,horace ,,h>t1 ,,pr9t] ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,extract ,,! ,,la/ ,,w ,,& ,,te/am5t ,,( ,,! ,,late ,,rev4 ,,john ,,bampton1 ,,canon ,,( ,,salisbury4 --,i give & bequea? my ,l&s & ,e/ates to ! ,*ancellor1 ,ma/]s1 & ,s*ol>s ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d = ev]1 to h & to hold all & s+ul> ! said ,l&s or ,e/ates ^u tru/1 & to ! int5ts & purposes h]e9aft] m5tion$2 t is to say1 ,i w & appo9t t ! ,vice-,*ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d = ! "t be+ %all take & receive all ! r5ts1 issues1 & pr(its !re(1 & 7aft] all taxes1 rep>ations1 & necess>y d$uctions made7 t he pay all ! rema9d] to ! end[m5t ( eight ,div9ity ,lecture ,s]mons1 to be e/abli%$ = ev] 9 ! said ,univ]sity1 & to be p]=m$ 9 ! mann] foll[+3 ,i direct & appo9t1 t1 ^u ! fir/ ,tuesday 9 ,ea/] ,t]m1 a ,lectur] be ye>ly *os5 by ! ,heads ( ,colleges only1 & by no o!rs1 9 ! room adjo9+ to ! ,pr9t+-,h\se1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( t5 9 ! morn+ & two 9 ! aft]noon1 to prea* eight ,div9ity ,lecture ,s]mons1 ! ye> foll[+1 at ,/4 ,m>y's 9 ,ox=d1 betwe5 ! comm5cem5t ( ! la/ mon? 9 ,l5t ,t]m1 & ! end ( ! ?ird week 9 ,act ,t]m4 ,also ,i direct & appo9t1 t ! eight ,div9ity ,lecture ,s]mons %all be prea*$ ^u ei!r ( ! foll[+ ,subjects--to confirm & e/abli% ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?1 & to confute all h]etics & s*ismatics--^u ! div9e au?ority ( ! holy ,scriptures--^u ! au?ority ( ! writ+s ( ! primitive ,fa!rs1 z to ! fai? & practice ( ! primitive ,*ur*--^u ! ,div9ity ( our ,"l & ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/--^u ! ,div9ity ( ! ,holy ,gho/--^u ! ,articles ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?1 z compreh5d$ 9 ! ,apo/les' & ,nic5e ,cre$s4 ,also ,i direct1 t ?irty copies ( ! eight ,div9ity ,lecture ,s]mons %all be always pr9t$1 )9 two mon?s aft] !y are prea*$2 & "o copy %all be giv5 to ! ,*ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity1 & "o copy to ! ,head ( e ,college1 & "o copy to ! ,mayor ( ! city ( ,ox=d1 & "o copy to be put into ! ,bodleian ,libr>y2 & ! exp5ses ( pr9t+ !m %all be paid out ( ! rev5ue ( ! ,l& or ,e/ates giv5 = e/abli%+ ! ,div9ity ,lecture ,s]mons2 & ! prea*] %all n be paid1 nor be entitl$ to ! rev5ue1 be=e !y are pr9t$4 ,also ,i direct & appo9t1 t no p]son %all be qualifi$ to prea* ! ,div9ity ,lecture ,s]mons1 unless he ha? tak5 ! degree ( ,ma/] ( ,arts at lea/1 9 "o ( ! two ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d or ,cambridge2 & t ! same p]son %all nev] prea* ! ,div9ity ,lecture ,s]mons twice4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,nature ,,( ,,sci5tific ,,belief4 ,psalm civ4 #bd4 ,o ,"l1 h[ manifold are ,?y works3 9 wisdom ha/ ,?\ made !m all2 ! e>? is full ( ,?y ri*es4 ,! subject introduc$3 ,sci5tific belief4 ,ma!matics & ,metaphysics exclud$4 ,! ,po/ulate ( ,sci5ce3 ! ,uni=mity ( ,nature4 ,hume's acc\nt ( x4 ,kant's acc\nt ( x4 ,insuffici5cy ( bo? acc\nts4 ,sci5ce trac$ back to obs]vation ( ! ,human ,w4 ,! developm5t ( ,sci5ce f ?is orig94 ,! increas+ g5]ality ( ! ,po/ulate3 :i* nev]!less c nev] atta9 to univ]sality4 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,nature ,,( ,,religi\s ,,belief4 ,g5esis i4 #bg4 ,s ,god creat$ man 9 ,8 own image1 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ ,he him4 ,! voice )94 ,! objection ( ! alleg$ relativity ( k4 ,absolute k ( our own p]sonal id5tity4 ,failure to %[ ?is to be relative2 9 p>ticul> by ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,! ,moral ,law4 ,! comm& to live accord+ to t ,law2 ,duty4 ,! comm& to believe 9 ! supremacy ( t ,law2 ! l[] ,fai?4 ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,! hope ( ,immortality4 ,! p]sonification ( ! ,moral ,law 9 ,almighty ,god2 ! high] ,fai?4 ,! spiritual faculty ! recipi5t ( ,revelation1 if any be made4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ,religion & ,sci5ce4 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,app>5t ,,conflict ,,betwe5 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,religion ,,on ,,free-,,w4 ,g5esis i4 #bg4 ,s ,god creat$ man 9 ,8 own image1 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ ,he him4 ,contradiction ( ,free-,w to doctr9e ( ,uni=mity4 ,butl]'s exam9ation ( ! "q4 ,hume's solution4 ,kant's solution4 ,det]m9ism4 ,! real result ( exam9ation ( ! facts4 ,int]f]5ce ( ! w always possible1 b comp>atively r>e4 ,! ne$ ( a fix$ nature = our self-discipl9e1 & s = our spiritual life4 ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,app>5t ,,conflict ,,betwe5 ,,religion ,,& ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,evolution4 ,romans i4 #bj4 ,= ! invisible ?+s ( ,him f ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made1 ev5 ,8 et]nal p[] & ,godhead4 ,f\ndation ( ! doctr9e ( ,evolution4 ,great developm5t 9 rec5t times4 ,objection felt by _m religi\s m54 ,alleg$ to de/roy argum5t f design4 ,paley's argum5t exam9$4 ,doctr9e ( ,evolution adds =ce to ! argum5t1 & removes objections to x4 ,argum5t f progress2 f beauty2 f unity4 ,! conflict n real4 ,,lecture ,v4 ,,revelation ,,! ,,means ,,( ,,develop+ ,,& ,,complet+ ,,spiritual ,,k4 ,hebrews i4 #a4 ,god1 :o at sundry times & 9 div]s mann]s spake 9 "t pa/ to ! ,fa!rs by ! ,prophets1 ha? 9 ^! la/ days spok5 to u by ,8 ,son4 ,! evolution ( ,k4 ,does n affect ! tru? ( ,sci5ce4 ,nor ( ,religion4 ,special *>act]i/ic ( evolution ( ,religi\s ,k1 t x is due to ,revelation4 ,all high] ,religions h claim$ to be ,revelations4 ,! evolution ( ,religi\s ,k 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 yet ! ,old ,te/am5t a ,revelation4 ,/ill m ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! miracul\s elem5t 9 ,revelation4 ,its place & ne$4 ,h>mony ( ?is mode ( evolution ) ! tea*+ ( ! ,spiritual ,faculty4 ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,app>5t ,,collision ,,betwe5 ,,religion ,,& ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,evolution4 ,psalm c4 #c4 ,"k ye t ! ,"l ,he is ,god3 x is ,he t ha? made u1 & n we ourselves4 ,evolution exam9$4 ,! =mation ( ! habitable _w4 ,! =mation ( ! creatures :i* inhabit x4 ,transmission ( *>act]i/ics4 ,v>iations p]petually introduc$4 ,natural selection4 ,on ! o!r side1 life n yet acc\nt$ = by ,evolution4 ,cause ( v>iations n yet exam9$4 ,moral ,law incapable ( be+ evolv$4 ,acc\nt giv5 9 ,g5esis n at v>iance ) doctr9e ( ,evolution4 ,evolution ( man n inconsi/5t ) dignity ( humanity4 ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,app>5t ,,collision ,,( ,,sci5ce ,,) ,,! ,,claim ,,to ,,sup]natural ,,p[]4 ,/4 ,john xiv4 #aa4 ,believe ,me t ,i am 9 ! ,fa!r1 & ! ,fa!r 9 ,me3 or else believe ,me = ! v works' sake4 ,! claim to "w miracles p>allel to ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,! miracles ( ,revelation ne$ n be miracles ( ,sci5ce4 ,our ,"l's ,resurrection1 & ,8 miracles ( heal+1 possibly n miracul\s 9 ! sci5tific s5se4 ,diff]5t aspect ( miracles n[ & at ! "t :5 ! ,revelation 0 giv54 ,miracles atte/$ by ! ,apo/les1 by our ,"l's "*1 by our ,"l's p[]4 ,nature ( evid5ce requir$ to prove miracles2 n su* z to put physical above spiritual evid5ce2 n su* z to be unsuit$ to _! own day4 ,impossibility ( demon/rat+ univ]sal uni=mity4 ,revelation no ob/acle to ! progress ( ,sci5ce4 ,,lecture ,,viii4 ,,! ,,conclusion ,,( ,,! ,,argum5t4 #a ,cor9?ians xii4 #c4 ,no man c say t ,jesus is ! ,"l1 b by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,uni=mity ( nature n demon/rat$1 b e/abli%$1 except 9 two cases2 ! int]f]5ce ( human w & ( ,div9e ,w4 ,! exception no b> to ! progress ( ,sci5ce4 ,unity to be f\nd n 9 ! physical _w1 b 9 ! physical & moral comb9$4 ,! ,moral ,law re/s on itself4 ,our recognition ( x on our own "* & *oice4 ,b we expect x to %[ its m>ks 9 ! physical _w3 & ^! are ! purpose visible 9 ,creation1 ! effects produc$ by ,revelation4 ,nev]!less a dem& = m physical evid5ce2 b ! physical _c be all[$ to ov]%ad[ ! spiritual4 ,dang]s to believ]s f lean+ ?is way3 sup]/ition2 bl9dness2 /agnation4 ,! gu>antee = spiritual p]ceptiv5ess3 to take ,jesus z ! ,"l ( ! consci5ce1 ! he>t1 ! w4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,nature ,,( ,,sci5tific ,,belief4 ,! subject introduc$3 ,sci5tific belief4 ,ma!matics & ,metaphysics exclud$4 ,! ,po/ulate ( ,sci5ce3 ! ,uni=mity ( ,nature4 ,hume's acc\nt ( x4 ,kant's acc\nt ( x4 ,insuffici5cy ( bo? acc\nts4 ,sci5ce trac$ back to obs]vation ( ! ,human ,w4 ,! developm5t ( ,sci5ce f ?is orig94 ,! increas+ g5]ality ( ! ,po/ulate3 :i* nev]!less c nev] atta9 to univ]sality4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,nature ,,( ,,sci5tific ,,belief4 ',o ,"l1 h[ manifold are ,?y works3 9 wisdom ha/ ,?\ made !m all2 ! e>? is full ( ,?y ri*es4'--,psalm civ4 #bd4 ,^? :o believe t ! creation & gov]nm5t ( ! _w are ! "w ( a ,be+ ,:om x is _! duty to love ) all _! he>ts1 ,:o loves !m ) a love beyond all o!r love1 to ,:om !y look = guidance n[ & un5d+ happ9ess h]eaft]1 h a d\ble motive = /udy+ ! =ms & op]ations ( ,nature2 because ov] & above :atev] !y may ga9 ( ! pure/ & highe/ pleasure 9 ! /udy1 & :atev] m5 may ga9 ( mat]ial com=t 9 a ?\s& =ms f ! results ( ! /udy1 !y _c b h always pres5t to _! m9ds ! ?\ght1 t all ^! ?+s are revelations ( ,8 "*1 & to "k !m is 9 a v real measure to "k ,him4 ,! believ] 9 ,god1 if he h ! faculty & ! opportunity1 _c f9d a m prop] employm5t ( "t & lab\r & ?\ght ?an ! /udy ( ! ways 9 :i* ,god works & ! ?+s :i* ,god has made4 ,among religi\s m5 we ought to expect to f9d ! mo/ pati5t1 ! mo/ tru?-seek+1 ! mo/ c\rage\s ( m5 ( sci5ce4 ,we "k t x is n always s2 & t on ! contr>y ,sci5ce & ,religion seem v (t5 to be ! mo/ det]m9$ foes to ea* o!r t c be f\nd4 ,! sci5tific man (t5 ass]ts t he _c f9d ,god 9 ,sci5ce2 & ! religi\s man (t5 ass]ts t he _c f9d ,sci5ce 9 ,god4 ,ea* (t5 believes himself to be 9 possession1 if n ( ! :ole tru?1 at any rate ( all ! tru? t x is mo/ important to possess4 ,sci5ce seems to despise religion2 & religion to fe> & condemn ,sci5ce4 ,religion1 :i* c]ta9ly ought to put tru? at ! highe/1 is *>g$ ) refus+ to ackn[l$ge tru? t has be5 prov$4 ,& ,sci5ce1 :i* c]ta9ly ought to insi/ on demon/rat+ e ass]tion :i* x makes1 is *>g$ ) giv+ ! re9 to ! imag9ation & treat+ ! m]e/ speculations z well-e/abli%$ facts4 ,to propose to reconcile ^! opposites w\ld be a task :i* h>dly any sane man w\ld und]take4 ,x w\ld imply a claim to be able to rise at once above bo?1 & see ! tru? :i* includ$ all t bo? c\ld tea*4 ,b x is a v useful und]tak+1 & n beyond ! rea* ( ?\ghtful inquiry by an ord9>y man1 to exam9e ! relations betwe5 ! two1 & ?us to help n a few to f9d a way = !mselves out ( ! p]plexity4 ,& ?is inquiry may well beg9 by ask+ :at is ! orig9 & nature ( sci5tific belief on ! "o h& & ( religi\s belief on ! o!r4 ,9 ?is ,lecture ,i propose to deal ) ! =m]4 ,x is n necess>y to include 9 ! ,sci5ce ( :i* ,i am to speak ei!r ,ma!matics or ,metaphysics4 ,9 z f> z ,i ne$ t\* on :at belongs to ei!r1 x w be only = ! purpose ( answ]+ objections or ( exclud+ :at is irrelevant4 ,& ! consequ5t re/riction ( our consid]ation to ! ,sci5ce :i* conc]ns itself ) ,nature greatly simplifies ! task t ,i h und]tak54 ,= x w be at once admitt$ 9 ! pres5t day by all b a v few t ! s\rce ( all sci5tific k ( ?is k9d is to be f\nd 9 ! obs]vations ( ! s5ses1 includ+ "u t ^w bo? ! bodily s5ses :i* tell u all we "k ( ?+s ext]nal1 & t int]nal s5se by :i* we "k all or ne>ly all t takes place )9 ! m9d itself4 ,& s also w x be admitt$ t ! ,supreme ,po/ulate1 )\t :i* sci5tific k is impossible1 is ! ,uni=mity ( ,nature4 ,sci5ce lays claim to no revelations4 ,no voice ( au?ority decl>es :at sub/ances !re are 9 ! _w1 :at are ! prop]ties ( ^? sub/ances1 :at are ! effects & op]ations ( ^? prop]ties4 ,no traditions h&$ d[n f pa/ ages c d any?+ m ?an transmit to u obs]vations made 9 ^? times1 :i*1 s f> z we c tru/ !m1 we may add to ! obs]vations made 9 our own times4 ,! mat]ials 9 %ort :i* ,sci5ce has to h&le are obta9$ by exp]i5ce4 ,b on ! o!r h& ,sci5ce c deal ) ^! mat]ials only on ! condition t !y are r$ucible to inv>iable laws4 ,if any obs]vation made by ! s5ses is n capable ( be+ br\ght "u ! laws :i* are f\nd to gov]n all o!r obs]vations1 x is n yet br\ght "u ! dom9ion ( ,sci5ce4 ,x is n yet expla9$1 nor und]/ood4 ,z f> z ,sci5ce is conc]n$1 x may be call$ z yet non-exi/5t4 ,x is = ?is v reason possible t ! exam9ation ( x may be ( ! v greate/ importance4 ,to expla9 :at has hi!rto receiv$ no explanation con/itutes ! v ess5ce ( sci5tific progress4 ,! obs]vation may be imp]fect1 & may at once become explicable z soon z x is made complete2 or1 :at is ( f> m value1 x may be an in/ance ( ! op]ation ( a new law n previ\sly kn[n1 modify+ & p]haps absorb+ ! law up to t "t accept$4 ,:5 x 0 fir/ notic$ 9 ,galileo's "t t wat] w\ld n asc5d 9 ! suction pipe ( a pump to a great] height ?an #cb feet1 ! old law t nature abhors a vacuum 0 modifi$1 & ! reasons :y & ! conditions "u :i* ,nature abhors a vacuum 7 discov]$4 ,! suction ( fluids 0 br\ght "u ! g5]al law ( me*anical pressure4 ,! doctr9e t ,nature abhorr$ a vacuum _h be5 a fair g5]alization & expression ( ! facts ( ?is k9d t up to t "t _h be5 obs]v$4 ,a new fact 0 obs]v$ :i* w\ld n fall "u ! rule4 ,! exam9ation ( ?is fact l$ to ! old rule be+ sup]s$$2 & ,sci5ce advanc$ a great /ep at once4 ,s 9 our own day 0 ! planet ,neptune discov]$ by ! obs]vation ( c]ta9 facts :i* c\ld n be squ>$ ) ! facts previ\sly obs]v$ unless ! ,law ( ,gravitation 0 to be correct$4 ,! result 9 ?is case 0 n ! discov]y ( a new ,law b ( a new ,planet2 & consequ5tly a great confirmation ( ! old ,law4 ,b 9 ea* case & 9 e simil> case ! inve/igation ( ! newly obs]v$ fact proce$s on ! assumption t ,nature w be f\nd uni=m1 & on no o!r assumption c ,sci5ce proce$ at all4 ,n[ x is ?is assumption :i* mu/ be fir/ exam9$4 ,:at is its s\rce8 ,:at is its ju/ification8 ,:at1 if any1 are its limits8 ,x is n an assumption t belongs to ,sci5ce only4 ,x is 9 "s =m or o!r at ! bottom ( all our daily life4 ,we eat our food on ! assumption t x w n\ri% u to-day z x n\ri%$ u ye/]day4 ,we deal ) our neighb\rs 9 ! belief t we may safely tru/ ^? n[ :om we h tru/$ & safely tru/$ h]et(ore4 ,we nev] take a j\rney )\t assum+ t wood & iron w hold a c>riage toge!r1 t :eels w roll ^u axles1 t /eam w exp& & drive ! pi/on ( an eng9e1 t port]s & /ok]s & eng9e-driv]s w d _! accu/om$ duties4 ,our crops are s[n 9 ! belief t ! e>? w "w its usual *emi/ry1 t heat & light & ra9 w come 9 _! turn & h _! usual effects1 & ! h>ve/ w be ready = our ga!r+ 9 ! autumn4 ,look on :ile a man is tri$ = 8 life be=e a jury4 ,e tittle ( ! evid5ce is valu$ bo? by ! judge & jury accord+ to its agreem5t or disagreem5t ) :at we believe to be ! laws ( ,nature1 & if a witness ass]ts t some?+ happ5$ :i*1 z f> z we "k1 nev] happ5$ at any o!r "t s9ce ! _w began1 we set 8 evid5ce aside z incr$ible4 ,& ! prison] is condemn$ if ! facts be=e u1 int]pret$ on ! assumption t ! ord9>y laws ( ,nature h held _! c\rse1 appe> to prove 8 guilt4 ,:at "r h we to make su* an assumption z ?is8 ,! "q 0 fir/ cle>ly put by ,hume1 & 0 h&l$ by him ) s+ul> lucidity2 b 8 answ]1 ?\gh v ne> ! tru?1 0 n s express$ z to set ! "q at re/4 ,! ma9 relation 9 :i* ! uni=mity ( ,nature is obs]v$ is t ( cause & effect4 ,hume exam9es ?is & ma9ta9s t !re is absolutely no?+ conta9$ 9 x b ! notion ( inv>iable sequ5ce4 ,two ph5om5a are inv>iably f\nd connect$ toge!r2 ! prior is spok5 ( z ! cause1 ! po/]ior z ! effect4 ,b !re is absolutely no?+ 9 ! =m] to def9e its relation to ! latt]1 except t :5 ! =m] is obs]v$ ! latt]1 z f> z we "k1 inv>iably foll[s4 ,a ball hits ano!r ball ( equal size1 bo? be+ free to move4 ,!re is no?+ by :i* prior to exp]i5ce we c det]m9e :at w happ5 next4 ,x is j z conceivable t ! mov+ ball %\ld come back or %\ld come to re/1 z t ! ball hi!rto at re/ %\ld beg9 to move4 ,a magnet fa/5$ to a piece ( wood is float+ on wat]4 ,ano!r magnet held 9 ! h& is br\ght v ne> "o ( its poles or ends4 ,if two nor? poles are ?us br\ght toge!r ! float+ magnet is repell$2 if a nor? & a s\? pole are br\ght toge!r ! float+ magnet is attract$4 ,! motion ( ! float+ magnet is 9 ea* case call$ ! effect2 ! approa* ( ! magnet held 9 ! h& is call$ ! cause4 ,& ?is cause is1 z f> z we "k1 inv>iably foll[$ by ?is effect4 ,b to say t "o is cause & ! o!r effect is m]ely to say t "o is always foll[$ by ! o!r2 & no o!r mean+1 accord+ to ,hume1 c be atta*$ to ! words cause & effect4 ,hav+ e/abli%$ ?is int]pretation ( ^! words1 ,hume goes on to ask3 ,:at c be ! gr\nd 9 reason = ! pr9ciple univ]sally adopt$1 t ! law ( cause & effect rules ph5om5a1 & t a cause :i* has be5 foll[$ by an effect once w be foll[$ by ! same effect always8 ,& he concludes t no rational gr\nd c be f\nd at all1 t x is ! m]e result ( cu/om )\t any?+ rational beh9d x4 ,we are accu/om$ to see x s1 & :at we h be5 s p]petually accu/om$ to see we believe t we %all cont9ue to see4 ,b :y :at has always be5 hi!rto %\ld always be h]eaft]1 no reason :atev] c be giv54 ,! logical conclusion obvi\sly is to discr$it all human faculties & to l& u 9 univ]sal scepticism4 ,x 0 at ?is po9t t ,kant took up ! "q1 av[$ly 9 consequ5ce ( ,hume's reason+4 ,he consid]$ t ,hume _h be5 misl$ by turn+ 8 att5tion to ,physics1 & t 8 own good s5se w\ld h sav$ him f 8 conclusion _h he ?\ght r ( ,ma!matics4 ,kant's solution ( ! problem1 bas$ ma9ly on ! reality ( ,ma!matics1 & especially ( ,geometry1 is ! direct opposite ( ,hume's4 ,x w be mo/ easy to give a cle> acc\nt ( ,kant's solution by us+ a v famili> illu/ration4 ,!re is a well-kn[n common toy call$ a ,kaleidoscope1 9 :i* bits ( col\r$ glass plac$ at "o end are se5 ?r\gh a small r\nd hole at ! o!r4 ,! bits ( glass are n arrang$ 9 any ord] :atev]1 & by %ak+ ! in/rum5t may be re>rang$ aga9 & aga9 indef9itely & /ill )\t any ord] :atev]4 ,b h[ev] !y may be arrang$ 9 !mselves !y always =m1 z se5 f ! o!r end1 a symmetrical patt]n4 ,! patt]n inde$ v>ies ) e %ake ( ! in/rum5t & consequ5t re-arrangem5t ( ! bits ( glass1 b x is inv>iably symmetrical4 ,n[ ! symmetry 9 ?is case is n 9 ! bits ( glass2 ! col\rs are !re no d\bt1 b ! symmetrical arrangem5t ( !m is n4 ,! symmetry is entirely due to ! in/rum5t4 ,& if a compet5t enquir] looks into ! in/rum5t & exam9es its con/ruction1 he w be able to lay d[n ) absolute c]ta9ty ! laws ( t symmetry :i* e patt]n z se5 ?r\gh ! in/rum5t mu/ obey4 ,j su* an in/rum5t1 accord+ to ,kant1 is ! human m9d4 ,space & ,"t & ! ,p]ceptive ,faculties are ! p>ts ( ! in/rum5t4 ,ev]y?+ t rea*es ! s5ses mu/ submit to ! laws ( ,space & ,"t1 t is1 to ! ,laws ( ,ma!matics1 because ,space & ,"t are =ms ( ! m9d itself1 &1 l ! kaleidoscope1 arrange all ?+s on _! way to ! s5ses accord+ to a patt]n ( _! own4 ,?is patt]n is z x 7 sup]-add$ to ! manife/ations t come f ! ?+s !mselves2 & if !re be any manife/ations ( su* a nature t !y c\ld n submit to ?is addition1 or1 9 o!r words1 c\ld n submit to ,ma!matical ,laws1 ^! manife/ations c\ld n affect our s5ses at all4 ,s too our ,und]/&+ has a patt]n ( its own :i* x imposes on all ?+s t rea* its p[] ( p]ception4 ,:at _c be accommodat$ to ?is patt]n _c be und]/ood at all4 ,:atev] ?+s may be 9 !mselves1 _! manife/ations are n )9 ! range ( our intellig5ce1 except by pass+ ?r\gh ! arrang+ process :i* our own m9d executes ^u !m4 ,x is cle> t ?is wond]fully +5i\s speculation re/s its claims = acceptance purely on ! ass]tion t x & x alone expla9s ! facts4 ,x _c be prov$ f any pr9ciple ( reason4 ,x assumes t !re is a demon/rative sci5ce ( ,ma!matics q indep5d5t ( exp]i5ce1 & t !re are necess>y pr9ciples ( ,physics equally indep5d5t ( exp]i5ce4 ,& x acc\nts = ! exi/5ce ( ^!4 ,) ,ma!matics we are n n[ conc]n$1 & ,i w pass !m by ) only "o rem>k4 ,! gr\nd on :i* ,kant's !ory /&s is n suffici5t1 = ?is simple reason4 ,x acc\nts = "o fact2 x does n acc\nt = ano!r fact4 ,x acc\nts = ! fact t we atta* & _c help atta*+ a conviction ( necessity to all ma!matical reason+4 ,we n only "k t two /raight l9es _c enclose a space1 b we "k t ?is is s & mu/ be s 9 all places & at all times1 & we "k x )\t any pro( :atev]4 ,?is fact ,kant acc\nts =4 ,space is accord+ to him a "p ( our kaleidoscope2 y c always look into x & see = y\rself :at are ! laws ( x4 ,b !re is ano!r fact4 ,?is space ( :i* we are speak+ is unque/ionably to our m9ds n a ?+ inside ( u b outside ( u4 ,we are 9 x4 ,we _c get rid ( a s5se t x is indep5d5t ( ourselves4 ,we c imag9e ourselves non-exi/+1 m9ds & all4 ,we _c imag9e space non-exi/+4 ,if x be a "p ( our m9ds1 h[ is x t we c picture to ourselves ! non-exi/5ce ( ! m9d :i* is ! :ole1 b n ! non-exi/5ce ( space :i*1 accord+ to ! hypo!sis1 is ! "p8 ,= ?is fact1 :i* we commonly call ! objectivity ( space1 ,kant's !ory does n acc\nt4 ,9 fact ,kant appe>s to h no escape f assign+ ?is objectivity ( space to delusion4 ,b a !ory :i* requires u to call an in]adicable conviction ( consci\sness a delusion _c be said to expla9 all ! facts4 ,john ,/u>t ,mill ma9ta9s t ! o!r fact1 namely1 ! conviction ( ! necessity ( ma!matical tru?1 is a delusion4 ,& 8 acc\nt also mu/ be pron\nc$ = t reason to fail 9 acc\nt+ = all ! facts4 ,b our pres5t conc]n is n ) ,ma!matics b ) ,physics4 ,& "h ,kant fails altoge!r to conv9ce2 =1 tak+ ,"t & ! ,p]ceptive ,p[]s ( ! ,und]/&+ z p>ts ( ! human m9d1 he %[s1 :at inde$ is cle>] & cle>] e day1 t ! pr9ciples 7s call$7 ( ,physics are indisp5sable ,po/ulates1 n inde$ ( obs]v+ ) ! s5ses1 b ( compreh5d+ ) ! und]/&+1 :atev] happ5s4 ,9 ord] to give any?+ t c be call$ an explanation ( any ev5t we mu/ %[ t x falls "u ! g5]al rules :i* con/itute ! uni=mity ( ,nature4 ,we h no o!r mean+ = ! words und]/&+ or expla9+ an ev5t4 ,?9k+1 :5 analys$1 is f\nd to consi/ 9 br++ all t happ5s "u univ]sal laws1 & no ph5om5on c be said to be expla9$ 9 ?\ght except by be+ s relat$ to all o!r ph5om5a4 ,b x does n by any means foll[ t ev5ts _c happ5 or _c affect our s5ses )\t be+ susceptible ( su* explanation4 ,to say t an ev5t _c be und]/ood1 & to say ei!r t x _c happ5 or t x _c be obs]v$ by ! s5ses1 are two v diff]5t ?+s4 ,! fact is t ,ma!matics & ,physics d n1 z ,kant assumes1 pres5t ! same problem = solution1 & d n !re=e admit ( "o solution applicable to bo?4 ,x is n ! case t !re is a sci5ce ( ab/ract ,physics correspond+ to ! sci5ce ( ,ma!matics & %>+ 9 ! same "* ( necessity4 ,9 ,ma!matics we h tru?s :i* we _c b accept1 & accept z univ]sal & necess>y3 9 ,physics we h no su* tru?s1 nor has ,kant ev5 endeav\r$ to prove t we h4 ,! v "q !re=e t we are ask$ to solve 9 reg>d to ,ma!matics does n pres5t itself 9 ,physics4 ,i am con/ra9$ to believe t two & two are f\r & n five2 ,i am n con/ra9$ to believe t if "o ev5t is foll[$ by ano!r a great _m times x w be s foll[$ always4 ,& ! "q is1 :y1 )\t any con/ra9t1 ,i nev]!less s f> believe x t ,i require special evid5ce 9 any giv5 case to conv9ce me to ! contr>y4 ,& ,kant's answ] is irrelevant4 ,he says t we _c ?9k ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts unless !y fall "u ! po/ulates ( ?9k+1 t is1 ! po/ulates ( sci5ce2 b ?is is no answ] to ! "q4 ,:y d we believe t1 unless ! contr>y be prov$1 ev]y?+ t is obs]v$ by ! s5ses is capable ( be+ r$uc$ "u ^! po/ulates ( ?9k+8 ,! sequ5ce ( ?+s _c o!rwise be expla9$2 b :y %\ld ! sequ5ce ( all ?+s t happ5 be capable ( be+ expla9$8 ,! "q !re=e /ill rema9s unansw]$4 ,:at "r h we to assume ?is ,uni=mity 9 ,nature8 or1 9 o!r words1 :at "r h we to assume t all ph5om5a 9 ,nature1 obs]v$ by our s5ses1 are capable ( be+ br\ght )9 ! doma9 ( ,sci5ce8 ,& to answ] ?is "q we mu/ approa* x f a diff]5t side4 ,& !re is ! m reason = ?is because x is und5iable t bo? ! def9ition & ! univ]sality ( ! relation ( cause & effect1 z !y 7 accept$ by ,hume & 8 foll[]s1 are n accept$ by m5 9 g5]al4 ,9 ord9>y language some?+ m is meant by cause & effect ?an inv>iable sequ5ce1 & ! common assumption is n t all ,nature obeys ?is rule ) absolutely no v>iation1 b t ! rule is suffici5tly g5]al = all practical purposes4 ,if !n we beg9 by ask+ :at is ! process ( ,sci5ce 9 deal+ ) all que/ions ( causation1 we f9d t ?is process :5 r$uc$ to its simple/ elem5ts always consi/s 9 ref]r+ e ev5t z an effect to "s cause :i* we "k or believe to h produc$ "s o!r & simil> ev5t4 ,newton is /ruck by a fall+ apple4 ,8 fir/ ?\ght is1 'h[ h>d ! bl[4' ,8 second is wond]1 'h[ f> ! e>?'s attraction1 :i* has caus$ ?is h>d bl[1 ext5ds4' ,8 ?ird1 ':y n z f> z ! moon8' ,& he proce$s to assign ! motion ( ! moon to ! same cause z t :i* produc$ ! motion ( ! apple4 ,tak+ ?is z a work+ hypo!sis1 he exam9es :at w\ld be ! motions ( all ! planets if ?is 7 true4 ,& ! exam9ation ends ) e/abli%+ ! high probability ( ! ,law ( ,gravitation4 ,n[ ?is be+ ! inv>iable process ( ,sci5ce1 x foll[s t our conception ( cause mu/ come orig9ally f t cause :i* we h )9 ourselves & ) :i* we _c b beg91 ! action ( ! human w4 ,x is f ?is action t is obta9$ t conception :i* und]lies ! ord9>y conception ( cause1 namely1 t ( =ce or p[]4 ,?is conception ( =ce or p[] is d]iv$ f ! consci\sness ( our own p[] to move our limbs1 & p]haps too ( passions1 temptations1 s5tim5ts to move or oppose our wills4 ,?is p[] is mo/ di/9ctly felt :5 x is resi/$4 ,! ef=t :i* is necess>y :5 we *oose to d :at we h b>ely /r5g? to d1 impresses on u m cle>ly ! s5se ( a =ce resid+ 9 ourselves capable ( ov]com+ resi/ance4 ,hav+ ! p[] to move our limbs1 & t too aga9/ "s resi/ance1 we expla91 & 9 no o!r way c we expla91 o!r motions by ! supposition ( a simil> p[]4 ,9 s do+ we are foll[+ /rictly ! sci5tific in/9ct & ! sci5tific process4 ,we are putt+ into ! same class ! motions t we obs]ve 9 o!r ?+s & ! motions t we obs]ve 9 ourselves2 ! latt] are due to acts ( our own wills1 ! =m] are assign$ to simil> acts ( o!r wills4 ,h5ce 9 infancy1 & 9 ! infancy ( mank9d1 ! :ole _w is peopl$ ) p]sons because ev]y?+ t we obs]ve to move is p]sonifi$4 ,a secret w moves ! w9d1 ! sun1 ! moon1 ! />s1 & ea* is indep5d5t ( ! o!rs4 ,soon a di/9ction gr[s up betwe5 ! ?+s t seem to h a spontane\s motion & ^? t h n1 & spontane\s motion is tak5 z ! sign ( life4 ,& all inanimate ?+s1 ( :atev] k9d1 are held to be mov$1 if !y move at all1 by a =ce outside !mselves4 ,_! own =ce is limit$ to t ( resi/+1 & does n include t ( orig9at+ motion4 ,b ?\gh !y _c orig9ate motion !y are obs]v$ to be capable ( transmitt+ x4 ,& ! notion ( =ce is exp&$ by ! recognition t x c be communicat$ f "o ?+ to ano!r & yet to ano!r1 & t we may h to g back _m /eps be=e we arrive at ! w f :i* x orig9at$4 ,we began ) ! notion ( a p[] ! action ( :i* 0 or appe>$ to be self-orig9at$3 we come to ! notion ( a p[] ! action ( :i* is no?+ m ?an ! cont9uance ( prec$+ action4 ,& ! special *>act]i/ic ( ! action ( ?is =ce z ?us conceiv$1 :i* we may call ! d]ivative =ce1 is se5 to be its regul>ity1 j z ! special *>act]i/ic ( ! self-orig9at+ action 0 its spontaneity4 ,z exp]i5ce increases ! regul>ity ( ! action ( ! d]ivative =ce is m & m obs]vable1 & !n arises ! notion ( a law or rule regulat+ ! action ( e su* =ce4 ,& a p]petually increas+ numb] ( ph5om5a are br\ght "u ?is head1 & are %[n to be1 n ! imm$iate results ( self-orig9at+ action1 b ! m or less remote results ( d]ivative action gov]n$ by laws4 ,& ev5 a l>ge numb] ( ^? ph5om5a1 :i* specially belong to life & liv+ creatures1 9 :om alone1 if any:]e1 ! self-orig9at+ action is to be f\nd1 are obs]v$ to be subject to law & !re=e to be ! issue n ( self-orig9at+ b ( d]ivative action4 ,& ?is obs]v$ regul>ity x is f\nd possible to trace mu* m widely ?an x is possible to trace any cle> evid5ce ( :at we und]/& by =ce4 ,& s1 at la/1 we frequ5tly use ! ^w =ce z x 7 by anticipation1 n to express ! cause ( ! ph5om5a1 :i* inde$ we d n yet "k1 b z a conv5i5t abbreviation = a l>ge numb] ( facts class$ "u "o head4 ,& ?is x is :i* enables ,hume to ma9ta9 t we mean no m by a cause ?an an ev5t :i* is inv>iably foll[$ by ano!r ev5t4 ,we discov] inv>iability mu* fa/] ?an we c discov] causation2 & hav+ discov]$ inv>iability 9 any giv5 case1 we presume causation ev5 :5 we _c yet %[ x1 & use language 9 accordance ) t presumption4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 we speak ( ! =ce ( gravitation1 al?\gh we _c yet prove t !re is any su* =ce1 & all t we "k is t mat]ial p>ticles move z if su* a =ce 7 act+ on !m4 ,z ,sci5ce advances x is se5 t ! regul>ity ( ph5om5a is f> m important to u ?an _! causes4 ,& ! att5tion ( all /ud5ts ( ,nature is fix$ on t r ?an on causation4 ,& ?is regul>ity is se5 to be m & m widely p]vad+ all ph5om5a ( e class1 until ! m9d is =c$ to conceive ! possibility t x may be absolutely univ]sal1 & t ev5 w itself may come )9 its supreme dom9ion4 ,b to ! v la/ ! idea ( causation reta9s ! traces ( its orig94 ,= 9 ! fir/ place e /ep 9 ?is build+ up ( sci5ce assumes a p]man5ce und]ly+ all ph5om5a4 ,we _c believe t ! future w be l ! pa/ except because we believe t !re is some?+ p]man5t :i* 0 9 ! pa/ & w be 9 ! future4 ,& ?is assumption ( some?+ p]man5t 9 ?+s ar\nd u comes f ! consci\sness ( some?+ p]man5t )9 u4 ,we "k our own p]man5ce4 ,:atev] else we "k or d n "k ab\t ourselves1 we are sure ( our own p]sonal id5tity ?r\gh successive p]iods ( life4 ,& z our explanation ( ?+s outside beg9s by class+ !m ) ?+s inside we /ill cont9ue to ascribe p]man5ce to :atev] und]lies ph5om5a ev5 :5 we h long ceas$ to ascribe individual wills to any except be+s l ourselves4 ,& )\t ?is assumption ( p]man5ce our :ole sci5ce w\ld come to ! gr\nd4 ,& 9 ! second place let x be rememb]$ t we began ) ! w caus+ ! motions ( ! limbs4 ,n[ !re is1 z f> z we "k1 no o!r p[] 9 u to affect ext]nal nature ?an by sett+ some?+ 9 motion4 ,we c move our limbs1 & by s do+ move o!r ?+s1 & by s do+ avail ourselves ( ! laws ( ,nature to produce remot] effects4 ,b1 except by orig9at+ motion1 we _c act at all4 ,&1 accord+ly1 ?r\gh\t all sci5ce ! attempt is made to r$uce all ph5om5a to motions4 ,s\nds1 col\rs1 heat1 *emical action1 electricity1 we are p]petually endeav\r+ to r$uce to vibrations or undulations1 t is1 to motion ( "s sort or o!r4 ,! m9d seems to f9d a satisfaction :5 a *ange ( :atev] k9d is %[n to be1 or possibly to be1 ! result ( movem5t4 ,& s too all laws ( ,nature are !n felt to be satisfactorily expla9$ :5 !y c be trac$ to "s =ce exhibit$ 9 ! movem5t ( mat]ial p>ticles4 ,! law ( ,gravitation has an enorm\s evid5ce 9 support ( x consid]$ simply z a fact4 ,& yet h[ _m attempts h be5 made to repres5t x z ! result ( vortices or ( p>ticles /ream+ 9 all directions & press+ any two bodies toge!r t lie 9 _! pa?6 ,! facts :i* e/abli% x are en\gh4 ,:y !n ^! attempts8 ,:at is felt to be yet want+8 ,:at is felt to be want+ is some?+ to %[ t x is ! result ( "s sort ( g5]al or univ]sal motion1 & t x ?us falls "u ! same head z o!r motions1 ei!r ^? :i* orig9ate 9 ourselves & are propagat$ f our bodies to ext]nal objects1 or ^? :i*1 spr++ f an unkn[n beg9n+1 are = ev] cont9u+ z be=e4 ,?is !n is ! answ] to ! "q1 ,:y d we believe 9 ! uni=mity ( ,nature8 ,we believe 9 x because we f9d x s4 ,millions on millions ( obs]vations concur 9 exhibit+ ?is uni=mity4 ,& ! long] our obs]vation ( ,nature goes on1 ! great] d we f9d ! ext5t ( x4 ,?+s t once seem$ irregul> are n[ kn[n to be regul>4 ,?+s t seem$ inexplicable on ?is hypo!sis are n[ expla9$4 ,e day seems to add n m]ely to ! in/ances b to ! wide-rang+ classes ( ph5om5a t come "u ! rule4 ,we _h reason long ago to hold t ! quantity ( matt] 0 inv>iable4 ,we n[ h reason to ?9k t ! quantity ( =ce act+ on matt] is inv>iable4 ,& to ?is is to be add$ ! evid5ce ( sci5tific pr$iction1 ! range ( :i* is p]petually increas+1 & :i* w\ld be obvi\sly impossible if ,nature 7 n uni=m4 ,& yet aga9 to ?is is to be add$ t ?is uni=mity does n consi/ 9 a va/ numb] ( sep>ate & indep5d5t laws1 b t ^! laws already =m a sy/em ) "o ano!r1 & t t sy/em is daily becom+ m complete4 ,we believe 9 ! uni=mity ( ,nature because1 z f> z we c obs]ve x1 t is ! "* ( ,nature4 ,& ,i use ! ^w "* on purpose1 because x indicates bett] ?an any o!r ^w t ,i c\ld f9d at once ! nature & limitation ( our belief4 ,=1 if ! orig9 ( ?is belief be :at ,i h describ$1 x is p]fectly cle> t1 h[ev] va/ may be ! evid5ce to prove ?is uni=mity1 ! conclusion c nev] g beyond ! limits ( ?is evid5ce1 & g5]ality c nev] be conf\nd$ ) univ]sality4 ,! c]ta9ty t ,nature is uni=m is n at all1 & nev] c be1 a c]ta9ty ( ! same k9d z ! c]ta9ty t f\r times five are tw5ty4 ,we c ass]t t ! g5]al "* ( ,nature is uni=mity1 b we _c g beyond ?is4 ,e sep>ate law ( nature is e/abli%$ by induction f ! facts1 & s too is ! g5]al uni=mity4 ,e sep>ate law ( ,nature is a work+ hypo!sis4 ,s too is ! uni=mity ( ,nature a work+ hypo!sis1 & x nev] c be m4 ,x is true t !re is f> m evid5ce = ! uni=mity ( ,nature z a :ole ?an = any "o law ( ,nature2 because a law ( ,nature is e/abli%$ by ! uni=mity ( sequ5ces 9 ^? ph5om5a to :i* x applies2 :]eas e uni=mity ( sequ5ce1 ( :atev] k9d1 is an evid5ce ( ! g5]al uni=mity4 ,! evid5ce = ! uni=mity ( nature is ! accumulat$ evid5ce = all ! sep>ate uni=mities4 ,b1 h[ev] mu* great] ! quantity ( evid5ce1 ! k9d ev] rema9s ! same4 ,!re is no means by :i* we c demon/rate ?is uni=mity4 ,we c only make x probable4 ,we c say t 9 almo/ e case all ! evid5ce is "o way2 b :5ev] !re is evid5ce to ! contr>y we _c refuse to exam9e x4 ,if a miracle 7 work$ sci5ce c\ld n prove t x 0 a miracle1 nor ( c\rse prove t x 0 n a miracle4 ,to prove x to be a miracle w\ld require n a va/ range ( k1 b absolutely univ]sal k1 :i* x is entirely beyond our faculties to atta94 ,to say t any ev5t 0 a miracle w\ld be to say t we knew t !re 0 no high] law t c\ld expla9 x1 & ?is we c\ld n say unless we knew all laws3 to say t x 0 n a miracle w\ld be ex hypo!si to ass]t :at 0 false4 ,9 fact1 to ass]t ! occurr5ce ( a miracle is simply to g back to ! beg9n+ ( sci5ce1 & to say3 ,"h is an ev5t :i* we _c assign to t d]ivative action to :i* we h be5 l$ to assign ! great body ( ev5ts2 we _c expla9 x except by ref]r+ x to direct & spontane\s action1 to a w l our own w4 ,sci5ce has %[n t ! va/ majority ( ev5ts are due to d]ivative action regulat$ by laws4 ,"h is an ev5t :i* _c be s expla9$1 any m ?an ! action ( our own free w c be s expla9$4 ,sci5ce may fairly claim to h %[n t miracles1 if !y happ5 at all1 are exce$+ly r>e4 ,to demon/rate t !y nev] happ5 at all is impossible1 f ! v nature ( ! evid5ce on :i* ,sci5ce re/s4 ,b = ! same reason ,sci5ce c nev] 9 its "* ( ,sci5ce admit t a miracle has happ5$4 ,sci5ce c only admit t1 s f> z ! evid5ce goes1 an ev5t has happ5$ :i* lies outside its prov9ce4 ,to believ]s ! progress ( ,sci5ce is a p]petual in/ruction 9 ! "* :i* ,god has impress$ on ,8 works4 ,t ,he has put ,ord] 9 ! v fir/ place may be a surprise to u2 b x c only be a surprise4 ,9 ! great ma*9]y ( ! ,univ]se x con/antly happ5s to u to f9d t t :i* is made indisp5sable1 is nev]!less n ! highe/4 ,! *os5 p 7 n ! highe/ 9 all moral or ev5 9 all spiritual *>act]i/ics2 if we refuse ! explanation giv5 by ,goe! t !y 7 *os5 = _! t\ghness1 yet we h no bett] to give4 ,! et]nal moral law is ( all we "k ! highe/ & holie/4 ,yet ! religi\s in/9ct seems to h be5 m indisp5sable = ! developm5t ( humanity accord+ to ! ,div9e purpose ?an ! obs]vance ( t moral law 9 all its fulness4 ,x w\ld nev] h occurr$ to u be=eh& to p]mit 9 ,div9e legislation any concession to ! h>dness ( m5's he>ts2 yet we "k t x 0 done4 ,sci5ce n[ tells u t ,ord] takes a rank 9 ,god's "w f> above :]e we %\ld h plac$ x4 ,x is n ! highe/2 x is f> f ! highe/3 b x appe>s to be 9 "s /range way ! mo/ indisp5sable4 ,god is tea*+ u t ,ord] is f> m univ]sal1 f> m p5etrat+ ?an we %\ld h suppos$4 ,b1 nev]!less1 x is n itself ,god2 nor ! highe/ revelation ( ,god4 ,x is ! /amp :i*1 = reasons high] ?an itself1 ,he appe>s to h put on ,8 works4 ,:at is ! limit to its application we d n "k4 ,!re may be in/ances :]e ?is ,ord] is app>5tly brok51 b really ma9ta9$1 because "o physical law is absorb$ 9 a high]2 !re may be in/ances :]e ! physical law is sup]s$$ by a moral law4 ,b we %all nei!r refuse to recognise t ,god has /amp$ ?is "* on ,8 works1 nor let x on ! o!r h& come betwe5 u & ,him4 ,= we "k /ill t ,he is great] ?an all t ,he ha? made1 & ,he speaks to u by ano!r voice besides ! voice ( ,sci5ce4 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,nature ,,( ,,religi\s ,,belief4 ,! voice )94 ,! objection ( ! alleg$ relativity ( k4 ,absolute k ( our own p]sonal id5tity4 ,failure to %[ ?is to be relative2 9 p>ticul> by ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,! ,moral ,law4 ,! comm& to live accord+ to t ,law2 ,duty4 ,! comm& to believe 9 ! supremacy ( t ,law2 ! l[] ,fai?4 ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,! hope ( ,immortality4 ,! p]sonification ( ! ,moral ,law 9 ,almighty ,god2 ! high] ,fai?4 ,! spiritual faculty ! recipi5t ( ,revelation1 if any be made4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ,religion & ,sci5ce4 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,nature ,,( ,,religi\s ,,belief4 ',s ,god creat$ man 9 ,8 own image1 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ ,he him4' ,g5esis i4 #bg4 ,! ord] ( ph5om5a is n ! highe/ revelation ( ,god1 nor is ! voice ( ,sci5ce ! only nor ! mo/ comm&+ voice t speaks to u ab\t ,him4 ,! belief 9 ,him & 9 ! "* :i* we assign to ,him does n spr+ f any obs]vation ( ph5om5a1 b f ! decl>ation made to u ?r\gh ! spiritual faculty4 ,!re is )9 u a voice :i* tells ( a supreme ,law un*ang$ ?r\gh\t all space & all "t2 :i* speaks ) an au?ority entirely its own2 :i* f9ds corroboration 9 ! revelations ( ,sci5ce1 b :i* nev] relies on ^? revelations z its prim>y or its ultimate sanction2 :i* is no inf]5ce f obs]vations by ! s5ses ext]nal or int]nal1 b a direct communication f ! spiritual k+dom1 ! k+dom1 z philosoph]s call x1 ( ?+s 9 !mselves2 :i* comm&s belief z a duty1 & by necess>y consequ5ce ev] leaves x possible to disbelieve2 & 9 li/5+ to :i* we are rightly said to walk n by sight b by fai?4 ,n[1 be=e go+ on to say any?+ m ab\t ! message ?us giv5 to u f ! spiritual _w1 x is necess>y to consid] an objection t meets u on ! ?re%old ( all su* doctr9es1 namely1 t x is simply impossible = u to "k any?+ :atev] ( ?+s 9 !mselves4 ,our k1 x is urg$1 is necess>ily relative to ourselves1 :]eas absolute z di/9ct f relative k is = ev] beyond our rea*4 ,we c speak ( :at ?+s appe> to u to be2 we _c speak ( :at !y are4 ,we "k or may "k :atev] comes "u ! obs]vation ( our s5ses z ph5om5a2 we _c "k :at und]lies ^! ph5om5a4 ,& sometimes x has be5 ma9ta9$ t we n only _c "k :at x is t und]lies ! ph5om5a1 b _c ev5 "k :e!r any?+ at all und]lies ! ph5om5a1 & t1 = aught we c tell1 ! :ole _w & all t exi/s or happ5s 9 x may be no?+ b a sy/em ( appe>ances ) no sub/ance :atev]4 ,?is doctr9e ( ! relativity ( all k is n only appli$ to ?+s ext]nal b to our v selves4 ,we "k ourselves1 x is ma9ta9$1 only ?r\gh an int]nal s5se :i* c only tell u h[ we appe> to ourselves1 b _c tell u 9 any ! lea/ degree :at we really are4 ,n[ ?is cont5tion is an in/ance ( a t5d5cy aga9/ :i* we are requir$ to be p]petually on our gu>d4 ,! f9al aim ( all sci5ce & ( all philosophy is to f9d "s unity or unities t %all co-ord9ate ! imm5se complexity ( ! _w 9 :i* we live4 ,n[ !re is "o & only "o legitimate way ( atta9+ ?is aim1 & t is by pati5t1 p]sev]+ /udy ( ! facts4 ,b ! facts turn out to be s num]\s1 s multif>i\s1 t n "o life nor "o g5]ation b _m lives & _m g5]ations w assur$ly n co-ord9ate !m suffici5tly to br+ ?is aim )9 probable rea*4 ,h5ce ! incessant temptation1 fir/1 to supply by hypo!sis :at _c yet be obta9$ by obs]vation1 &1 secondly1 to b5d facts to suit ?is hypo!sis2 &1 if ! fram+ ( su* hypo!ses be legitimate1 ! di/ortion ( facts is cle>ly n legitimate4 ,x seems too long to wait = future ages to complete ! task4 ,we mu/ 9 "s sort complete x n[2 & = t purpose if ! facts z we obs]ve !m w n suit1 we mu/ sub/itute o!r facts t w4 ,accord+ly e doctr9e mu/ be made complete1 & to make ?is doctr9e ( ! relativity ( k complete1 we mu/ get rid ( all exceptions4 ,b !re is "o exception t we _c get rid (1 & t is ! conviction ( our own id5tity ?r\gh all *anges ?r\gh :i* we pass4 ,e man among/ u passes ?r\gh incessant *anges4 ,8 body *anges2 he may ev5 lose p>ts ( x altoge!r2 he may lose all control ov] "s ( 8 limbs1 or ov] !m all4 ,& !re are int]nal z well z ext]nal *anges 9 ea* man4 ,8 affections *ange1 8 practices1 8 passions1 8 resolutions1 8 purposes1 8 judgm5ts2 ev]y?+ possibly by :i* he kn[s 8 own "*4 ,b ?r\gh all ^! *anges he is consci\s ( be+ /ill "o & ! same self4 ,& he kn[s ?is2 & kn[s x1 n z an inf]5ce f any obs]vation ( s5se ext]nal or int]nal1 b directly & intuitively4 ,all o!r k may conceivably be relative1 a k ( ?+s z !y appe>1 n ( ?+s 9 !mselves4 ,b ?is is n2 x is a k ( a ?+ z x is 9 itself2 = amid/ all *anges 9 ! ph5om5a ( ea* man's nature1 ?is /ill rema9s absolutely un*ang$4 ,we d speak ( sam5ess 9 application to ph5om5a2 we say ?is is ! same col\r z t2 ?is is ! same musical note z t2 ?is is ! same s5sation z t4 ,b "h we mean a diff]5t ?+ by ! ^w same4 ,we mean indi/+ui%ability4 ,we mean t we _c di/+ui% betwe5 ! two col\rs1 ! two notes1 ! two s5sations4 ,& ?is no d\bt is a relative k1 n a k ( ?+s 9 !mselves4 ,b we d n mean incapacity ( be+ di/+ui%$ :5 we speak ( our own p]sonal id5tity4 ,:5 a man ?9ks to-day ( 8 life ( ye/]day1 & reg>ds himself z ! same be+ ?r\gh1 all ! "t1 he does n simply mean t he _c di/+ui% betwe5 ! be+ t exi/$ ye/]day accord+ to 8 memory & ! be+ t exi/s to-day accord+ to 8 pres5t consci\sness3 he means t ! be+ is "o & ! same absolutely & 9 itself4 ,& ?is conviction ( p]sonal id5tity w pres5tly be f\nd to fall 9 ) ! revelation ( ! ,moral ,law1 :i* is my subject 9 ?is ,lecture4 ,= x is by virtue ( ?is p]sonal id5tity t ,i become responsible = my actions4 ,i am n m]ely ! same ?9k+ subject1 ,i am ! same moral ag5t all ?r\gh my life4 ,if ,i *ang$ z fa/ z ! ph5om5a ( my be+ *ang$1 my responsibility = any evil de$ w\ld cease ! mom5t ! de$ 0 done4 ,no puni%m5t w\ld be j1 because x w\ld n be j to puni% "o be+ = ! faults ( a totally diff]5t be+4 ,! ,moral ,law 9 its application to man requires z a basis ! p]sonal id5tity ( ea* man ) himself4 ,if corroboration 7 ne$$ ( ! directness ( ! intuition by :i* we get ?is idea ( our own p]sonal id5tity1 x w\ld be f\nd 9 ! entire failure ( all attempts to d]ive t idea f any o!r s\rce4 ,comte1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,positive ,s*ool1 c d no?+ ) ?is idea b sugge/ t x is probably ! result ( "s obscure syn]gy or co-op]ation ( ! faculties4 ,john ,/u>t ,mill passes x by altoge!r z ly+ outside ! scope ( 8 enquiries & ( 8 doctr9e4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] deals ) x 9 a v weak *apt]#a ( 8 rem>kable volume ( ,fir/ ,pr9ciples4 ,he divides all ! manife/ations made to our consci\sness1 or1 z we commonly say1 all our s5sations1 into two great classes4 ,he selects z ! ma9 b n univ]sal *>act]i/ic ( ! "o class1 vividness2 ( ! o!r class1 fa9tness2 a di/9ction fir/ insi/$ on1 ?\gh some:at diff]5tly appli$1 by ,hume4 ,he adds v>i\s o!r *>act]i/ics ( ea* class1 "s ( !m imply+ v que/ionable propositions4 ,& we come f9ally to ! foll[+ a/oni%+ result4 ,s5sations are divid$ into two classes2 ea* has sev5 ma9 *>act]i/ics :i* di/+ui% x f ! o!r4 ,"o ( ^! classes make up ! subject1 t :i* ,i mean :5 ,i use ! words ,i myself2 ! o!r ! object or t :i* is n ,i4 ,b !re is absolutely no?+ to det]m9e :i* is :i*1 :i* class is ! subject & :i* is ! object1 :i* is ,i myself1 & :i* is n ,i myself4 ,vividness & fa9tness pla9ly h no?+ 9 !m by :i* we c assign ! "o to t :i* is ,i1 ! o!r to t :i* is n ,i4 ,if we 7 to conjecture1 we %\ld be dispos$ to say t surely ! mo/ vivid s5sations mu/ be ! ne>e/ & !re=e mu/ be "p ( t :i* is ,i2 b we f9d x is q ! o!r way4 ,! fa9t s5sations are *>act]i/ic ( t :i* is ,i1 & ! vivid ( t :i* is n ,i4 ,& ! same rem>k applies to ea* pair ( *>act]i/ics 9 succession4 ,! fact is t ,mr4 ,sp5c] has omitt$ :at is ess5tial to complete 8 argum5t2 he has n %[n1 nor endeav\r$ to %[1 nor ev5 ?\ght ( %[+1 h[ out ( 8 sev5 *>act]i/ics ( ! subject ! conception ( a subject has gr[n4 ,x is q pla9 t he n only makes 8 classes fir/ & f9ds 8 *>act]i/ics aft]w>ds1 :i* we may admit to h be5 inevitable2 b he fails altoge!r to %[ h[ t by :i* we "k ! classes ap>t has gr[n out ( ! *>act]i/ics t he has giv5 u4 ,! *>act]i/ics :i* he assigns to t :i* is ,i1 all add$ toge!r1 d n 9 ! slighte/ degree acc\nt = t s5se ( p]man5t exi/5ce 9 spite ( *anges :i* lies at ! root ( my di/9ction ( myself f o!r ?+s4 ,! v ^w same1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,i use x :5 speak+ ( myself1 _c be def9$ except by ref]5ce to my own sam5ess ) myself4 ,x is a simple idea incapable ( analysis1 & is inde$1 z 0 po9t$ out 9 my la/ ,lecture1 ! root ( ! "* ( p]man5ce :i* we assign to ?+s ext]nal4 ,to say t ?is conception has be5 evolv$ f ! *>act]i/ics t ,mr4 ,sp5c] has enum]at$ is l say+ t a cat has be5 evolv$ )\t any int]m$iate /ages f a fi%1 or a smell f a col\r4 ,b1 if we n[ g a /ep fur!r1 & ask 9 :at =m ?is p]sonal id5tity pres5ts itself 9 ! _w ( ph5om5a1 ! answ] is cle>3 our p]sonality :ile b\nd up ) all our o!r faculties1 s t we c speak ( our und]/&+1 our affections1 our p[]s ( p]ception & s5sation1 z p>ts ( ourselves1 yet is c5tr$ 9 "o faculty :i* we call ! w4 ',if !re be aught spiritual 9 man1' says ,col]idge1 '! w mu/ be su*4 ,if !re be a w1 !re mu/ be a spirituality 9 man4' ,! w is ! man4 ,x is ! w t makes u responsible be+s4 ,x is = ! action ( our w1 or ! cons5t ( our w1 t we come to be call$ 9 "q4 ,x is by ! w t we ass]t ourselves amid/ ! exi/5ces ar\nd u2 & z ! w is ! man 9 relation to ph5om5a1 s on ! o!r side ! w is ! "o & only =ce among ! =ces ( ?is _w :i* takes cognizance ( pr9ciples & is capable ( act+ 9 pursuit ( an aim n to be f\nd among ph5om5a at all4 ,! w is n ! :ole spiritual faculty4 ,besides ! p[] ( will+ we h ! p[] ( recognis+ spiritual tru?4 ,& ?is p[] or faculty we commonly call ! consci5ce4 ,b ! consci5ce is n a =ce4 ,x has no p[] ( act+ except ?r\gh ! w4 ,x receives & transmits ! voice f ! spiritual _w1 & ! w is responsible s f> z ! consci5ce enlight5s x4 ,x is ! w :]eby ! man takes 8 place 9 ! _w ( ph5om5a4 ,x is !n to ! man1 ?us capable ( appreciat+ a law sup]ior 9 its nature to all ph5om5a & be>+ )9 himself ! conviction ( a p]sonal id5tity und]ly+ all ! *anges t may be enc\nt]$ & endur$1 t is reveal$ f )9 ! comm& to live = a moral purpose & believe 9 ! ultimate supremacy ( ! moral ov] ! physical4 ,! voice )9 gives ?is comm& 9 two =ms2 x comm&s our duty & x comm&s our fai?4 ,! voice gives no pro(1 appeals to no evid5ce1 b speaks z hav+ a "r to comm&1 & requires our ob$i5ce by virtue ( its own inh]5t sup]iority4 ,its fir/ comm& we call duty4 ,! voice )9 awakes a peculi> s5tim5t :i*1 except t[>ds its comm&1 is nev] felt 9 our s\ls1 ! s5tim5t ( rev]5ce4 ,& x comm&s ! pursuit ( t1 :atev] x may be1 to :i* ?is s5tim5t ( rev]5ce atta*es4 ,?is is ! positive te/ by :i* we are to "k :at is ev] to be our highe/ aim4 ,& along ) ?is !re is a negative te/ by :i* we are p]petually to correct ! o!r1 namely1 ! te/ ( univ]sality4 ,! moral law 9 its own nature admits ( no exceptions4 ,if a pr9ciple ( action be d]iv$ f ?is law x has no?+ to d ) "t1 or place1 or circum/ances2 x mu/ hold good 9 ! di/ant future1 9 planets or />s utt]ly remote1 z fully z x holds good n[ & "h4 ,?is duty we c subdivide "u f\r heads1 accord+ly z we apply x to our deal+s ) ourselves1 ) o!r moral & spiritual be+s1 ) o!r creatures t c feel pleasure & pa91 ) ?+s t are incapable ( ei!r4 ,if we are ?9k+ ( ourselves only1 duty consi/s 9 ! pursuit ( hol9ess1 t is1 9 ! absolute subjection ( :at does n dem& rev]5ce to t :i* does4 ,x is pla9 t :at des]ves rev]5ce 9 u is t :i* approa*es mo/ ne>ly to ! moral law 9 "*4 ,! appetites1 ! affections1 ! passions1 h ea* _! own sep>ate objects4 ,!y may be useful 9 ! highe/ degree1 b !y _c 9 !mselves des]ve rev]5ce1 = _! objects are n ! moral law2 !y mu/ !re=e be absolutely subord9at$ to ! w & ! consci5ce :i* h = _! objects ! v law itself4 ,hol9ess consi/s 9 ! subjection ( ! :ole be+1 n 9 act alone1 b 9 feel+ & desire z well1 to ! au?ority ( consci5ce4 ,if we are ?9k+ ( o!r moral ag5ts1 duty prescribes /rict & unfail+ ju/ice2 & ju/ice 9 its highe/ & pure/ =m is love1 ! unfail+ recognition ( ! fulle/ claims t c be made on u by all :o %>e our own div9e sup]iority3 to love ,god above all else1 & to love all spiritual be+s z we love ourselves1 ?is is duty 9 relation to o!r spiritual be+s4 ,if we are ?9k+ ( creatures :i*1 :e!r moral ag5ts or n1 are capable ( pa9 & pleasure1 our duty takes ! =m ( goodness or t5d]ness4 ,we h no "r to inflict pa9 or ev5 refuse pleasure unless1 if ! circum/ances 7 rev]s$1 we %\ld be b\nd 9 consci5ce to be ready 9 our turn to be> ! same infliction or refusal4 ,! precept1 ,d z y w\ld be done by1 is "h supreme1 & x is to ?is class ( duties t t precept applies1 & ! limits ( our "r to inflict pa9 on o!r creatures1 :e!r rational or irrational1 w be det]m9$ by ?is rule4 ,&1 l[] /ill1 our duty to ?+s t are incapable ( all feel+ is summ$ up 9 t k ( !m & t use ( !m :i* makes !m ! fitte/ in/rum5ts ( a moral life4 ,! s5tim5t ( rev]5ce is our guide 9 det]m9+ our duty1 & ! te/ ( univ]sality p]petually comes 9 to correct ! comm&s ( ?is s5tim5t & to cle> & s to ref9e ! s5tim5t itself4 ,z is ! case 9 a c]ta9 degree ) e o!r k9d ( k or belief1 s 9 a v special degree ! ,moral ,law f9ds its place ev5 9 m9ds t h v little ( ?\ght or ( cultivation4 ,! mo/ untutor$ is n ins5sible to ! claim made on our respect by acts ( c\rage1 self-sacrifice1 g5]osity1 tru?2 or to ! call ^u u = reprobation at ! sight ( acts ( falsehood1 ( meanness1 ( cruelty1 ( pr(ligacy4 ,ev5 9 ! mo/ untutor$ !re is a s5se t ^! s5tim5ts ( respect & reprobation are q diff]5t 9 k9d f ! o!r s5tim5ts :i* /ir ! s\l4 ,& ?is is ev5 m cle> 9 condemnation ?an 9 approval4 ,h[ev] p]v]t$ ! consci5ce 7! seat ( ^! s5tim5ts7 may be1 yet ! pa9 ( remorse1 :i* is self-reprobation = hav+ brok5 ! moral law1 is always1 z has be5 well said1 'q unlike any o!r pa9 we "k1' & is felt 9 "s =m & measure by e s\l t lives4 ,& z ! s5tim5t ?us holds a special place 9 ! mo/ untutor$1 s too does ! s5se ( univ]sality by :i* we in/9ctively & inv>iably correct or def5d t s5tim5t if x be *all5g$4 ,! mom5t we are p]plex$ 9 reg>d to :at we ought to d or :at judgm5t we ought to pass on some?+ already done1 we in/9ctively1 almo/ involunt>ily1 endeav\r to dis5tangle ! act f all att5dant circum/ances & to see :e!r our s5tim5t ( approval or disapproval w\ld /ill hold good 9 q o!r surr\nd+s4 ,we try to get1 at ! pr9ciple involv$ & to asc]ta9 :e!r t pr9ciple possesses ! univ]sality :i* is ! sure *>act]i/ic ( ! ,moral ,law4 ,x w be matt] ( consid]ation 9 a future ,lecture h[ our k ( ! ,et]nal ,law ( ! holy1 ! j1 ! good1 & ! "r1 is ?us purifi$ 9 ! individual & 9 ! race4 ,at pres5t x w be en\gh to h indicat$ ! g5]al pr9ciple ( :at may be call$ ! evolution ( ! k ( morals4 ,b ,i n[ g on f ! ,moral ,law z a duty to ! ,moral ,law z a fai?4 ,= ! inn] voice is n cont5t ) comm&+ a c\rse ( conduct & requir+ ob$i5ce ( t k9d4 ,?is is its fir/ utt]ance1 & ! man :o he>s & obeys unque/ionably has )9 him ! true se$ ( all religion4 ,b ?\gh ! fir/ utt]ance x is n ! la/4 ,= ! same voice goes on to require u to believe t ?is ,moral ,law :i* claims ob$i5ce f u1 equally claims ob$i5ce f all else t exi/s4 ,x is absolutely supreme or x is no?+4 ,its title to our ob$i5ce is its supremacy1 & x has no o!r title4 ,if x dep5d$ on promises ( rew>d or ?reats ( puni%m5t address$ to u1 x might be consid]$ z a law = u1 b c\ld be no law = o!rs4 ,x w\ld 9 t case1 inde$1 be a m]e physical law4 ,?+s are s arrang$ = y1 & z f> z y "k = y only1 t t]rible pa9 w come to y if y disobey1 & wond]ful pleasure if y obey4 ,su* a law z t might proce$ f a tyrant possess$ ( absolute p[] ov] ,,u & ! ?+s t conc]n ,,u1 & might be ei!r good or bad z %\ld happ54 ,b su* a law w\ld n be able to claim our rev]5ce4 ,nay1 r1 z is ! case ) all m]ely physical laws1 x might be our duty to disobey x4 ,9 claim+ our rev]5ce z well z our ob$i5ce1 9 mak+ its sanction consi/ 9 no?+ b ! fact ( its own inh]5t maje/y1 ! ,moral ,law calls on u to believe 9 its supremacy4 ,x claims t x is ! la/ & highe/ ( all laws4 ,! _w be=e u is gov]n$ by uni=mities z f> z we c judge1 b above & beh9d all ^! uni=mities is ! supreme uni=mity1 ! et]nal law ( "r & wrong1 & all o!r laws1 ( :atev] k9d1 mu/ ultimately be h>monis$ by x alone4 ,! ,moral ,law w\ld be itself unju/ if x bade u disreg>d all physical laws1 & yet 0 itself subord9ate to ^? physical laws4 ,x has a "r to require u to disreg>d ev]y?+ b itself1 if x be itself supreme2 if n1 its claim w\ld be unju/4 ,we see "h 9 ?+s ar\nd u no demon/rative pro( t x is supreme1 except :at may be summ$ up 9 say+ t !re is a p[] t makes = righte\sness4 ,enlight5$ by ! ,moral ,law we c see /rongly m>k$ traces ( its work+ 9 all ?+s4 ,! beauty1 ! ord]1 ! g5]al t5d5cy ( all creation accords ) ! supremacy ( ! ,moral ,law ov] x all4 ,b t is by no means all4 ,we see1 & we "k t we see1 b an inf9itesimal fraction ( ! :ole4 ,& ! result ( ?is p>tial vision is t1 :ile !re is mu* 9 ?+s ar\nd u :i* ass]ts1 !re is also mu* :i* seems to d5y altoge!r any supremacy :atev] 9 ! ,moral ,law4 ,! univ]se1 z we see x1 is n holy1 nor j1 nor good1 nor "r4 ,! music ( creation is full ( discords z yet altoge!r unresolv$4 ,& if we look to ph5om5a alone1 !re is no solution ( ! great riddle4 ,b 9 spite ( all imp]fections & contradictions1 ! voice )91 )\t v\*saf+ to give u any solution ( ! p]plexity1 or any sanction b its own au?oritative comm&1 imp]atively requires u to believe t hol9ess is supreme ov] unhol9ess1 & ju/ice ov] inju/ice1 & goodness ov] evil1 & righte\sness ov] unrighte\sness4 ,to obey ?is comm& & to believe ?is tru? is ,fai?4 ,?is is ! ,fai? :i* is p]petually pres5t+ to ! believ]'s m9d ! vision ( a _w 9 :i* all ! inequalities ( ?is pres5t _w %all be r$ress$1 9 :i* tru?1 ju/ice1 & love %all visibly reign1 9 :i* temptations %all cease & s9 %all cease also2 9 :i* ! upw>d /riv+s ( noble s\ls %all f9d _! end1 & hol9ess %all sup]s$e p5it5ce1 & he>ts %all be pure ( all defilem5t4 ,?is is ! ,fai? :i* holds to ! sure conviction t all ?+s %all "o day come to judgm5t2 & :e!r by sudd5 cata/rophe or by sure developm5t1 ! physical sy/em %all surr5d] to ! moral4 ,?is is ! ,fai? :i* supplies p]petual /r5g? to ! hope ( immortality2 = ?\gh x _c be said t ! immortality ( ! individual s\l is ( necessity involv$ 9 a belief 9 ! supremacy ( ! ,moral ,law1 yet !re is a s5se1 nev] )\t witness 9 ! s\l1 t all w\ld n be accord+ to ju/ice if a be+ to :om ! ,moral ,law has be5 reveal$ f )9 is nev]!less 9 no degree to %>e 9 ! f9al revelation ( ! sup]iority ( t ,moral ,law ov] :at is )\t4 ,we _c say t x is a necess>y "p ( ! supremacy ( ! ,moral ,law t e "o ( ^? :o "k x %\ld p>take ( its immortal nature4 ,we _c ev5 say t x is a necess>y "p ( ! ultimate r$ress+ ( all inju/ice & resolution ( all ! discords ( life t ! hope ( x %\ld prove true 9 ! individual z x w c]ta9ly prove true 9 ! univ]se4 ,= we are unable to weigh individual m]it or dem]it1 & _c ass]t = c]ta9 t ! balance ( ju/ice is n ma9ta9$ ev5 9 ?is pres5t life4 ,b nev]!less ! hope t x mu/ & w be s is inext+ui%able1 & ,fai? 9 an ,et]nal ,law ( ,morals is inextricably b\nd up ) hope ( immortality = ! be+ t is end[$ ) a moral & responsible nature4 ,fai? 9 ! absolute supremacy ( ! ,moral ,law is ! fir/1 b ?is aga9 is n ! la/ /ep upw>ds 9 ,fai?4 ,we are call$ ^u1 & /ill by ! same imp]ative voice )91 to c>ry our ,fai? /ill fur!r1 & to believe some?+ yet high]4 ,= ! supremacy ( ! ,moral ,law mu/ be a moral1 n m]ely a physical supremacy4 ,9 claim+ supremacy at all ! ,moral ,law does n ass]t t someh[ by a happy accid5t1 z x 71 all ?+s turn out at la/ 9 accordance ) :at is 9 ! highe/ s5se moral4 ,! supremacy ( ! moral ov] ! physical involves 9 its v nature an int5tion to be supreme4 ,x is n ! supremacy ( ju/ice1 if ju/ice is done z ! bl9d result ( ! work+ ( ma*9]y1 ev5 if t be ! ma*9]y ( ! univ]se4 ,9 our v conception ( a moral supremacy is involv$ ! conception ( an int5d$ supremacy4 ,& ! ,moral ,law 9 its gov]nm5t ( ! _w reveals itself z possess+ ! di/9ctive m>k ( p]sonality1 t is1 a purpose & a w4 ,& ?us1 z we pond] x1 ?is ,et]nal ,law is %[n to be ! v ,et]nal ,himself1 ! ,almighty ,god4 ,!re is a s5se 9 :i* we _c ascribe p]sonality to ! ,unkn[n ,absolute ,be+2 = our p]sonality is ( necessity compass$ ) limitations1 & f ^! limitations we f9d x impossible to sep>ate our conception ( a p]son4 ,& x w ev] rema9 true t our highe/ conceptions ( ,god mu/ fall altoge!r %ort ( ,8 true nature4 ,:5 we speak ( ,him z inf9ite1 we are b d5y+ t ,he is re/ra9$ by limits ( "t & space z we are4 ,:5 we speak ( ,him z absolute1 we are b d5y+ t ,he is subject to conditions z we are4 ,s :5 we speak ( ,him z a p]son1 we _c b ackn[l$ge t ,8 p]sonality f> transc5ds our conceptions4 ,b x /ill rema9s ! tru? t ^! descriptions ( ,him are ! ne>e/ t we c get1 & t = all ! moral purposes ( life we c argue f ^! z if !y 7 ! full tru?4 ,if to d5y p]sonality to ,him is to assimilate ,him to a bl9d & dead rule1 we _c b repudiate su* d5ial altoge!r4 ,if to d5y p]sonality to ,him is to ass]t ,8 incompreh5sibility1 we are ready at once to ackn[l$ge our weakness & incapacity4 ,b we d>e n let g ! tru? t ! hol9ess1 ! ju/ice1 ! goodness1 ! righte\sness1 :i* ! ,et]nal ,moral ,law imposes on u z a supreme comm&1 are id5tical 9 ess5tial sub/ance 9 our m9ds & 9 ,84 ,inde$1 ! m we keep be=e u ! true "* ( t law1 ! m cle>ly d we see t ! ,moral ,law is n ,8 comm& b ,8 nature4 ,he does n make t law4 ,he is t law4 ,almighty ,god & ! ,moral ,law are diff]5t aspects ( :at is 9 itself "o & ! same4 ,to hold fa/ to ?is is ! fulle/ =m ( ,fai?4 ,to live by duty is 9 itself rudim5t>y religion4 ,to believe t ! rule ( duty is supreme ov] all ! univ]se1 is ! fir/ /age ( ,fai?4 ,to believe 9 ,almighty ,god is ! la/ & highe/4 ,x w be se5 at once by ^? :o h foll[$ me t ,i am 9 ?is ,lecture only work+ out to its logical conclusion :at 0 said long ago by ,bi%op ,butl] 9 ,engl& & by ,kant 9 ,g]many4 ,butl] calls ! spiritual faculty ^: comm&s to u ,i h be5 exam9+ by ! "n ( consci5ce3 ,kant calls x ! practical reason4 ,b bo? alike insi/ on ! ultimate basis ( morality be+ f\nd 9 ! voice )9 ! s\l & n 9 ! ph5om5a obs]v$ by ! s5ses4 ,sci5ce by se>*+ _c f9d out ,god4 ,to r$uce all ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se to ord] w n1 ev5 if x c\ld ev] be completely done1 tell u ! highe/ tru? t we c atta9 to conc]n+ spiritual ?+s4 ,sci5ce may exam9e all ! phases ?r\gh :i* religions h pass$ & treat+ human beliefs z x treats all o!r ph5om5a x c give u a hi/ory ( religion or ( religions4 ,b !re is some?+ und]ly+ !m all :i* x _c treat1 & :i* p]petually evades all attempts to br+ x "u physical laws4 ,= j z all attempts to expla9 away our conviction ( our own p]sonal id5tity h inv>iably fail$ & w = ev] fail to satisfy human consci\sness1 s too ! /rictly spiritual elem5t 9 all religion _c be got out ( ph5om5a at all4 ,no analysis succe$s 9 oblit]at+ ! fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 moral & physical law2 or 9 enabl+ u to escape ! ev] increas+ s5se ( ! dignity ( ! =m]1 or 9 %utt+ our e>s to ! /ill small voice :i* is totally unlike e o!r voice )9 or )\t4 ,to br+ ! ,moral ,law "u ! dom9ion ( ,sci5ce & to treat ! belief 9 x z no?+ m ?an "o ( ! ph5om5a ( human nature1 x is necess>y to treat ! s5tim5t ( rev]5ce :i* x excites1 ! remorse :i* foll[s on disob$i5ce to its comm&s1 ! s5se ( its supremacy1 z delusions4 ,x is always possible s to treat ^! ?+s2 b only at ! co/ ( /&+ l[] 9 ! scale ( be+4 ,b we h "o /ep fur!r to take4 ,= z ! spiritual faculty is ! recipi5t directly or indirectly ( t orig9al revelation :i* ,god has made ( ,himself to ,8 rational creatures1 s too ?is appe>s to be ! only faculty :i* c take cognizance ( any fre% revelation t x might please ,him to make4 ,if ,he comm&s /ill fur!r duties ?an ^? comm&$ by ! supreme ,moral ,law1 if ,he bids u believe :at our reason _c d$uce f ! primal belief 9 t ,law & 9 ,himself1 x is to t faculty t ! comm& is issu$4 ,if ov] & above ! orig9al religion z we may call x !re is a reveal$ religion1 x is ! spiritual faculty t c alone accept x4 ,su* a revelation may be confirm$ by signs or pro(s 9 ! _w ( ph5om5a4 ,he :o is absolute ov] all nature may compel nature to be> witness to ,8 tea*+4 ,! spiritual may bur/ ?r\gh ! natural on occasion1 & t supremacy1 :i* und]lies all nature & :i* is necess>ily visible to intellig5ces t are capable ( see+ ?+s z !y are 9 !mselves1 may =ce itself into ! _w ( ph5om5a & %[ itself 9 t mann] to u4 ,b ?is always is & mu/ be second>y4 ,! spiritual faculty alone c receive & judge ( spiritual tru?1 & if t faculty be n rea*$ a truly religi\s belief is n yet atta9$4 ,ext]nal evid5ces ( reveal$ religion mu/ h a high place b _c h ! highe/4 ,a reveal$ religion mu/ dep5d = its p]man5t hold on our ob$i5ce & our duty on its fa/5+ ^u our spiritual nature1 & if x _c d t no evid5ces c ma9ta9 x 9 its place4 ,?is acc\nt ( ! fundam5tal beliefs ( ,religion :5 comp>$ ) ! fundam5tal po/ulates ( ,sci5ce %[s t ! two beg9 ) ! same "p ( our nature b proce$ by opposite me?ods4 ,bo? beg9 ) ! human w z possess+ a p]man5t id5tity & ex]t+ a =ce ( its own4 ,b f ?is po9t !y sep>ate4 ,sci5ce re/s on ph5om5a obs]v$ by ! s5ses2 ,religion on ! voice t speaks directly f ! o!r _w4 ,sci5ce po/ulates uni=mity & is exclud$ :]ev] uni=mity c be d5i$1 b compels conviction )9 ! range ( its own po/ulate4 ,religion dem&s ! submission ( a free consci5ce1 & uses no compulsion b t impos$ by its own inh]5t dignity4 ,sci5ce gives w>n+s1 & if y are capable ( und]/&+ sci5tific argum5t1 y w be incapable ( disbeliev+ ! w>n+s4 ,c]ta9 ?+s w poison y2 c]ta9 neglects w ru9 y\r heal?2 disreg>d ( sci5tific con/ruction w br+ y\r ro( d[n on y\r head2 to ent] a burn+ build+ w risk y\r life2 "s ( ^! ?+s y may le>n by ord9>y exp]i5ce1 "s ( !m by t comb9ation ( exp]i5ce :i* is call$ ,sci5ce4 ,b if y are capable ( ! necess>y reason+ y _c d\bt1 h[ev] mu* y may wi% to d s4 ,& yet to defy ^! w>n+s & take ! inevitable consequ5ces ( t defiance may be y\r highe/ glory4 ,religion also gives w>n+s2 x assures y t ! ,et]nal ,moral ,law is supreme2 t1 soon] or lat]1 ^? :o disobey w f9d _! disob$i5ce is exactly & ju/ly puni%$2 t no appe>ance to ! contr>y pres5t$ by exp]i5ce c be tru/$4 ,b ,religion w n compel y to believe any m ?an ,sci5ce w compel y to obey4 ,disbelieve if y *oose & ,religion w d no?+ b p]petually repeat its w>n+s & add t y\r disbelief has l[]$ y 9 ! scale ( be+4 ,s too ,sci5ce gives promises2 x promises1 to ! race r ?an to ! individual1 life on easi] conditions1 & ( great] l5g?2 few] pa9s1 few] diseases2 p]petually increas+ com=ts2 p]petually increas+ p[] ov] nature4 ,& ,sci5ce is sure to keep ! promises4 ,& yet we may refuse to accept ! promises1 & x is conceivable t ! refusal may be f> nobl] ?an ! acceptance4 ,& ,religion promises also4 ,x promises /a9less purity 9 ! s\l2 & tru? & ju/ice & unfail+ love2 & t5d]ness to e creature t c feel2 & a gov]nm5t ( all t is "u our dom9ion ) a s+le eye to ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,& we may refuse to believe ^! promises or to c>e :e!r !y are kept or n4 ,b ! refusal or pursuit ( su* aims z ^! det]m9es our position 9 ! judgm5t ( ! ,supreme & 9 ! c\rt ( our own consci5ce4 ,god has made man 9 ,8 own image3 t is1 ,he has giv5 man p[] to und]/& ,8 works & to ackn[l$ge ,himself4 ,& x is 9 ackn[l$g+ ,god t man f9ds himself div9e4 ,he is a p>tak] ( ! div9e nature 9 proportion z he recognises ! ,supreme ,law & makes x ! law ( 8 own w4 ,& !re=e has 8 w be5 made free z well z 8 m9d rational3 he has ! p[] to *oose z well z ! p[] to "k4 ,& our *oice lays hold on ,god ,himself & makes u "o ) ,him4 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,app>5t ,,conflict ,,betwe5 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,religion ,,on ,,free-,,w4 ,contradiction ( ,free-,w to doctr9e ( ,uni=mity4 ,butl]'s exam9ation ( ! "q4 ,hume's solution4 ,kant's solution4 ,det]m9ism4 ,! real result ( exam9ation ( ! facts4 ,int]f]5ce ( ! w always possible1 b comp>atively r>e4 ,! ne$ ( a fix$ nature = our self-discipl9e1 & s = our spiritual life4 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,app>5t ,,conflict ,,betwe5 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,religion ,,on ,,free-,,w4 ',s ,god creat$ man 9 ,8 own image1 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ ,he him4' ,g5esis i4 #bg4 ,religion & ,sci5ce bo? beg9 ) ! human w4 ,! w is to ,sci5ce ! fir/ example ( p[]1 ! orig9 ( ! conception ( cause2 ! bodily ef=t made by ! w lies at ! root ( ! conception ( =ce4 ,x is by comp>+ o!r =ces ) t =ce t ,sci5ce beg9s its m>*4 ,& ! w is to religion ! recipi5t ( ! ,div9e comm&4 ,to ! w ! inn] voice addresses itself1 bidd+ x act & believe4 ,x is because we h a w t we are responsible4 ,9 a _w 9 :i* !re 7 no creatures end[$ ) a w1 !re c\ld be no "r-do+ or wrong-do+2 no approval by consci5ce & no disapproval2 no duty & no fai?4 ,"h is ! fir/ possibility ( collision betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,religion4 ,sci5ce po/ulates uni=mity2 ,religion po/ulates lib]ty4 ,sci5ce _c ev] hope to r$uce all ph5om5a to unity if a :ole class ( ph5om5a1 all ^? t belong to ! action ( human w1 are to be exclud$ f ! po/ulate ( inv>iable sequ5ce4 ,! action ( ! w is 9 ?is case = ev] left outside4 ,! evid5ce = ! absolute uni=mity ( nature seems to be %ak51 :5 x is f\nd t !re is s important a "p ( ph5om5a to :i* ?is law ( uni=mity _c be appli$4 ,if a human w c ?us int]f]e ) ! law ( uni=mity1 !re ent]s ! possibility t beh9d "s ph5om5a may lurk ! int]f]5ce ( "s o!r w4 ,religion1 on ! o!r h&1 tells e man t he is responsible1 & h[ c he be responsible if he is n free8 ,if 8 action be det]m9$ by some?+ :i* is n himself1 h[ c ! moral burd5 ( x be put on him8 ,to tell a man t he is to answ] = x if he does some?+ :i* he is tempt$ to d1 is unmean+1 if he has no p[] to prev5t himself f do+ x4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,= besides ! s5se ( responsibility we h a direct consci\sness ( be+ free1 a consci\sness :i* no reason+ appe>s to ext+ui%4 ,we %>ply di/+ui% betwe5 t :i* goes on )9 u 9 reg>d to :i* we are free & t 9 reg>d to :i* we are n free4 ,we _c help be+ angry1 b we c control our ang]4 ,we _c help our wi%es1 b we c re/ra9 our indulg5ce or our pursuit ( !m4 ,we _c directly det]m9e our affections1 b we c *]i% or disc\rage !m4 ,!re are extreme cases 9 :i* our wills seem p[]less1 b ev5 "h we are consci\s ( our p[] to /ruggle = self-ass]tion & self-control4 ,!re is v mu* 9 u :i* is n free2 nay1 !re is mu* 9 u :i* impels u to action :i* is n free4 ,b we nev] conf\nd ?is ) our wills1 & :5 our wills are ov]p[]$ by passion or appetite1 we call ! act no long] a p]fectly free act1 & d n consid] ! responsibility = x to be q ! same4 ,?is "q ( ! fre$om ( ! w 0 consid]$ by ,bi%op ,butl] 9 ! ,analogy4 ,he cont5t$ himself ) prov+ t1 make :at !ory we w\ld conc]n+ ! necessity ( human action1 all m5 9 practice act$ on ! !ory ( human fre$om4 ,we promise2 we accept promises2 we puni%2 we rew>d2 we e/imate "*2 we admire2 we %un2 we deal ) ourselves2 we deal ) o!rs2 z if we & all o!rs 7 free4 ,& ?is 0 en\gh = 8 purpose4 ,= he _h to reconcile a ,div9e sy/em ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts ) our s5se ( ju/ice4 ,& if he c\ld %[1 z he did1 t rew>ds & puni%m5ts 7 pla9ly n inconsi/5t ) t s5se ( ju/ice 9 our deal+s ) "o ano!r1 x 0 impossible to call !m inconsi/5t ) t s5se ( ju/ice 9 ,god's deal+s ) u4 ,b ! purpose ( ^! ,lectures requires some?+ m1 & t = two reasons4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! doctr9e ( necessity 0 mo/ (t5 9 ,bi%op ,butl]'s days d]iv$ f a conception ( a ,div9e =ekn[l$ge arrang+ ev]y?+ by supreme ,w1 n f ! conception ( a bl9d me*anical rule hold+ all 9 its unrelax+ grasp4 ,& ?\gh to ! cold reason x may make no diff]5ce h[ ! w is b\nd1 yet to ! moral s5tim5t ! two k9ds ( compulsion diff] z life & dea?4 ,to h no lib]ty because ( be+ absolutely 9 ! h&s ( ,almighty ,god is q ano!r ?+ f hav+ no lib]ty1 z be+ "u ! dom9ion ( a dead iron rule4 ,x seems possible to accept ! "o & call x an unfa?omable my/]y2 b to accept ! o!r is to call life a delusion & ! moral law a dream4 ,& 9 ! second place1 ! doctr9e ( necessity advanc$ z a !ory & bas$ on argum5ts n re/+ on facts1 is a v diff]5t antagoni/ f ! same doctr9e advanc$ z a conclusion ( sci5ce1 & z d$ucible f a mass ( co-ord9at$ obs]vations4 ,we may dismiss ! m]e !ory aft] %[+ t x has n sub/ance en\gh to hold its gr\nd 9 ord9>y life4 ,we _c s treat :at claims to be a sci5tific inf]5ce4 ,! mod]n exam9ation ( ! "q beg9s ) ,hume1 :o ma9ta9s t ! doctr9e ( lib]ty & t ( necessity are bo? true & ( c\rse compatible ) ea* o!r4 ,b 8 argum5ts t\* only ! broad "q :e!r !y are true = practical purposes1 n :e!r ei!r is true 9 ! /rict s5se & )\t exception or modification4 ,to ,kant's sy/em1 on ! contr>y1 x 0 ess5tial t bo? doctr9es %\ld be true 9 ! /ricte/ s5se4 ,hold+ t inv>iable sequ5ce 0 a law ( ,nature kn[n indep5d5tly ( exp]i5ce & applicable to all ph5om5a 9 ! m9ute/ detail1 he c\ld n all[ t any act ( ! human w lay outside ! range ( ?is law4 ,su* an act be+ a ph5om5on mu/1 9 8 view1 be subject to ! law :i* ! con/itution ( our m9ds impos$ on all ph5om5a app>5t to u4 ,& yet1 on ! o!r h&1 hold+ t ! et]nal ,moral ,law made u responsible = all our acts1 he c\ld n b ma9ta9 t 9 ! do+ ( ^? acts we mu/ be free4 ,8 mode ( reconcil+ ! two opposites am\nt$ to ?is1 t our action ?r\gh\t life consid]$ z a :ole is free1 b t ea* sep>ate act consid]$ by itself is b\nd to ! prec$+ acts by ! law ( inv>iable sequ5ce4 ,we may illu/rate ?is by ! famili> in/ance ( a prism act+ on a ray ( light4 ,! ray has or may h a col\r ( its own be=e x passes ?r\gh ! prism4 ,! prism spreads x out & %[s a s]ies ( col\rs4 ,! ord] 9 :i* ?is s]ies is arrang$ is det]m9$ by ! "* ( ! prism act+ on ! nature ( ! ray4 ,! col\rs :5 comb9$ give ! col\r ( ! ray2 :5 sep>at$ by ! prism ea* has its own di/9ct "*1 & ! ord] ( ! col\rs is det]m9$1 & inv>iably det]m9$1 by ! prism4 ,s too 9 ,kant's view ! "* ( a man 9 itself may be free1 b :5 x passes ?r\gh ! prism ( "t into ! _w ( ph5om5a & is spread ov] _m ye>s x %[s a numb] ( sep>ate actions1 no "o ( :i* tak5 by itself exhibits ! man1 ?\gh all put toge!r are ! true repres5tation ( him to human p]ception4 ,! man is free4 ,8 life repres5ts 8 free *oice4 ,b 8 sep>ate acts are :at t free *oice becomes :5 translat$ into a s]ies ( ph5om5a1 & are b\nd ea* to ! prec$+ by ! law ( inv>iable sequ5ce4 ,x is pla9 at once t ?is does n satisfy our consci\sness4 ,we are n consci\s ( fre$om z reg>ds our life z a :ole2 we are consci\s ( fre$om z reg>ds our sep>ate actions4 ,our life z a :ole embraces our pa/ :i* is absolutely un*angeable1 & our future :i* is n yet )9 our rea*2 we are consci\s ( no pres5t p[] ov] ei!r4 ,our sep>ate acts are p]ceptibly subject to our own control2 nay1 x is by ! use ( our free-w 9 our sep>ate acts t we are able to *ange ! "* ( our life or to pres]ve x f *ange2 & ) ?is corresponds our responsibility4 ,we hold ourselves responsible = ea* act z x is done2 we hold ourselves responsible = ! "* ( our lives only s f> z we might h *ang$ x by our acts4 ,! solution leaves ! difficulty :]e x 04 ,x is n[ cu/om>y ) ! advocates ( ! doctr9e ( necessity to express x by a diff]5t ^w1 & call x ! doctr9e ( det]m9ism4 ,! purpose ( *ang+ ! ^w is to get rid ( all associations ) ! idea ( compulsion2 j s 9 ,sci5ce x is ?\ght bett] to get rid ( ! words cause & effect1 & sub/itute inv>iable sequ5ce1 9 ord] to get rid ( ! notion ( "s compulsion recognisable by u 9 ! cause to produce ! effect4 ,det]m9ism does n say to a man 'y w be =c$ to act 9 a p>ticul> way2' b 'y w assur$ly d s4' ,!re w be no compulsion2 b ! action is absolutely c]ta94 ,j z on a giv5 day ! moon w eclipse ! sun1 s 9 giv5 circum/ances y w d ! precise ?+ :i* x is y\r "* 9 su* circum/ances to d4 ,& y\r s5se ( fre$om is simply ! s5se t ! action proce$s f y\rself & n f any =ce put ^u y f )\t4 ,b ?is too does n solve ! problem4 ,x is true t 9 reg>d to a v l>ge proportion ( our actions ! s5se ( fre$om seems to be no m ?an negative4 ,we d :at x is our cu/om1 our incl9ation1 our "* to d4 ,we are n consci\s ( any =ce be+ put ^u u2 b nei!r are we consci\s ( us+ any =ce ourselves4 ,we float z x 7 d[n ! /ream1 or hurry along ) a det]m9$ aim1 b hav+ no desire nor purpose to ! contr>y1 ! "q ( fre$om or necessity nev] seems to arise4 ,x is ev5 possible & common = u n to "k ourselves z well z o!rs "k u1 & to d _m ?+s :i* an obs]v] w\ld pr$ict z sure to be our actions1 b :i* we ourselves fancy to be by no means c]ta94 ,ev5 9 ^! cases we sometimes awake to ! fact t :at we are ?us all[+ 9 our lives is n consi/5t ) ! law ( duty1 &1 d :at we may1 we _c !n escape ! conviction t we are to blame1 & t we _h p[] to act o!rwise if only we _h *os5 to ex]t ! p[]4 ,b x is :5 a conflict arises betwe5 duty & incl9ation t our inn] c]ta9ty ( our own fre$om ( w becomes cle> & unconqu]able4 ,9 ! great conflicts ( ! s\l betwe5 ! call ( duty & ! p[] ( temptation !re are two =ces at "w ^u u4 ,we are nev] = a mom5t 9 d\bt :i* is ourselves & :i* is n ourselves2 :i* is ! free ag5t & :i* is ! bl9d =ce2 :i* is responsible = ! issue1 & :i* is incapable ( responsibility4 ,!re is 9 ?is case a real s5se ( compulsion f )\t1 & a real s5se ( resi/ance to t compulsion f )94 ,x is impossible 9 ?is case to acc\nt = ! s5se ( be+ a free ag5t1 by say+ t ?is m]ely means t we are consci\s ( no ext]nal =ce4 ,we are consci\s ( an ext]nal =ce & we are consci\s t ?is w ( ours :i* /ruggles aga9/ x is n an ext]nal =ce1 b our v selves1 & ?is di/9ction betwe5 ! w & ! =ces aga9/ :i* ! w is /riv+ is ineffaceable f our m9ds4 ,t ! w is (t5 weak & on t acc\nt ov]p[]$1 & t aft] a h>d /ruggle our actions are (t5 det]m9$1 n by our wills b by our passions or our appetites1 is unque/ionable4 ,(t5 has ! believ] to pray to ,god = /r5g? to hold fa/ to "r purpose1 & (t5 w he feel t )\t t /r5g? he mu/ inevitably fall4 ,b he kn[s t :atev] s\rce may supply ! /r5g?1 x is he t w h to use x1 & he t w be responsible = us+ x or neglect+ to d s4 ,! advocates ( det]m9ism urge t e action mu/ h a motive1 & t ! man always acts on t motive :i* is ! /rong]4 ,! fir/ proposition may be grant$ at once4 ,! fre$om ( ! w is c]ta9ly n %[n 9 act+ )\t any motive at all4 ,if !re be any human action :i* appe>s to be )\t any motive1 x is n 9 su* action t we f9d human fre$om4 ,su* action1 if possible at all1 mu/ inevitably be me*anical4 ,a man :o is act+ f m]e caprice is ev5 m completely at ! m]cy ( pass+ incl9ation ?an "o :o is act+ f passion or f ov]p[]+ temptation4 ,! fre$om ( ! w is n %[n 9 act+ )\t motive1 b 9 *oos+ betwe5 motives4 ,b :5 x is fur!r said t a man always acts f ! /rong] motive1 ! "q imm$iately foll[s1 :at det]m9es :i* is ! /rong] motive8 ,x _c be any?+ 9 ! motives !mselves1 or all m5 w\ld act alike 9 ! same circum/ances2 & x is cle> t !y d n4 ,x mu/ be !re=e some?+ 9 ! man4 ,& if x be some?+ 9 ! man1 x mu/ be ei!r 8 w act+ at ! mom5t1 :i* 9 t case is free1 or 8 "*4 ,b if x be 8 "*1 !n foll[s ! fur!r "q1 :at det]m9es 8 "*8 ,if we are to ma9ta9 ! uni=mity ( nature1 we mu/ answ] by assign+ ! det]m9ation to ! sum total ( surr\nd+ & prec$+ circum/ances4 ,no?+ w satisfy t law ( uni=mity b ?is2 t1 giv5 su* & su* p>5ts1 su* & su* circum/ances ( bir? & life1 !re mu/ be su* a "* & no o!r4 ,at :at po9t is !re room 9 ?is case = any responsibility8 ,i did n on ?is supposition make my "*2 x 0 made = me2 any "o else born 9 my /ead1 & liv+ 9 my /ead1 w\ld ( necessity h act$ exactly z ,i h done2 w\ld h felt ! same1 & aim$ at ! same1 & won ! same moral victories1 & suff]$ ! same moral defeats4 ,h[ c ,i be held responsible = :at is ! pure result ( ! circum/ances 9 :i* ,i 0 born8 ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 x be said t our "* is n ! m]e fruit ( our antec$5ts & surr\nd+s1 ! law ( uni=mity is cle>ly brok54 ,a new elem5t has come into ! _w1 namely1 my "*1 :i* has n come out ( ! antec$5ts & surr\nd+s accord+ to any fix$ law4 ,! antec$5ts & surr\nd+s might h be5 q ! same = any "o else1 & yet ,i %\ld h my "* & he 81 & our lives w\ld h altoge!r diff]$4 ,x is cle> t det]m9ism does n get u out ( ! difficulty4 ,"h1 too1 z 9 reg>d to ! necess>y tru?s ( ma!matics1 & 9 reg>d to ! relativity ( all our k1 ! !ory has pur*as$ complet5ess by ! *eap exp$i5t ( call+ "o ( ! facts to be acc\nt$ = a delusion4 ,su* a solution _c be accept$4 ,9 spite ( all attempts to expla9 x away1 ! fact t we ?9k ourselves free & hold ourselves responsible rema9s1 & rema9s unaffect$4 ,b let u exam9e h[ f> ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! sci5tific view & ! religi\s view ( human action ext5ds4 ,obs]vation c]ta9ly %[s t a v l>ge proportion ( human action1 mu* ev5 ( t :i* appe>s at fir/ sight to be m especially indep5d5t ( all law1 is really z mu* regulat$ by laws ( nature z ! movem5ts ( ! planets4 ,i h already po9t$ out h[ (t5 an obs]v] c pr$ict a man's actions bett] ?an ! man himself1 & h[ (t5 ! w is c]ta9ly passive & cons5ts in/ead ( act+4 ,9 ^! cases !re is no reason :atev] to d5y t nature & n ! w is produc+ ! conduct4 ,& n only s1 b t :i* seems mo/ irregul>1 ! k9d ( action t we call caprice1 !re is v (t5 j z little reason to call free1 z to assign free-w z ! cause ( ! unc]ta9ties ( ! wea!r4 ,b x is n 9 obs]v+ individuals s mu* z 9 obs]v+ masses ( m5 t we get conv9c+ pro( t m5 possess a common nature1 & t _! conduct is l>gely regulat$ by ! laws ( t nature4 ,t among/ a giv5 l>ge numb] ( m5 liv+ on ! :ole 9 ! same conditions f ye> to ye>1 !re %\ld be e ye> a giv5 numb] ( suicides1 ( murd]]s1 ( ?ieves & crim9als ( v>i\s k9ds1 _c be acc\nt$ = 9 any o!r way ?an by ! hypo!sis t l circum/ances w produce l conduct4 ,s1 too1 9 ?is way only c we acc\nt = su* a fact z ! /ead9ess 9 ! proportion ( m5 :o ent] any giv5 pr(ession1 ( m5 :o quit _! c\ntry = ano!r1 ( m5 :o rema9 unm>ri$ all _! lives1 ( m5 :o ent] a univ]sity1 ( m5 :o make any p>ticul> *oice 7su* z ^!7 :i* c be te/$ by figures4 ,n[1 ?is argum5t is unansw]able z f> z x goes2 b x succe$s1 l all ! o!r argum5ts = ! uni=mity ( nature1 9 e/abli%+ ! g5]ality1 & n at all ! univ]sality ( t uni=mity4 ,inde$1 x falls f> %ort ( prov+ z mu* uni=mity 9 human action z is prov$ 9 ! action ( inanimate ?+s4 ,! induction :i* proves ! uni=mity ( ! laws ( me*anics1 ( *emi/ry1 ( physics1 is s f> great] ?an ! induction :i* proves ! uni=mity ( human conduct1 t x is h>dly possible to put ! two side by side4 ,:5 we turn f ab/ract argum5ts to facts1 ! doctr9e ( necessity is unque/ionably unprov54 ,& ?is agrees ) ! result ( a c>eful exam9ation ( ! facts ( human consci\sness f ! opposite po9t ( view4 ,we _c b ackn[l$ge t :5 we look v closely we f9d a v l>ge proportion ( our own actions to be by no means ! result ( an int]f]5ce by ! w4 ,a l>ge proportion is due to cu/om2 a l>ge proportion to incl9ation1 ( :i* ! w takes no special notice1 & is n call$ on by ! consci5ce to notice2 a l>ge proportion to incl9ations :i* we "k t we ought to resi/1 b we d n resi/2 a mu* small] proportion1 b /ill "s1 to passions & appetites aga9/ :i* we h /riv5 9 va92 only a v small proportion to delib]ate *oice4 ,!re is1 9 fact1 no irresi/ible reason = claim+ fre$om = human action except :5 t action turns on ! "q ( "r or wrong4 ,!re is no reason to call action free t fl[s f incl9ation or cu/om1 or passion1 or a desire to avoid pa91 or a desire to obta9 pleasure4 ,! w claims to be free 9 all ^! cases1 b x is free 9 ! s5se t x might be ex]t$2 & s1 s9ce x is n ex]t$1 ! action is n free4 ,b :51 at ! call ( duty1 9 :atev] =m1 ! w directly int]f]es1 !n & !n only are we consci\s n only t ! w is free1 b t x has ass]t$ its fre$om1 & t ! action has be5 free also4 ,! relation ( ! w to ! conduct falls "u f\r di/9ct heads3 = sometimes ! w simply concurs ) ! incl9ation2 sometimes x nei!r concurs nor opposes2 sometimes x opposes b is ov]p[]$2 sometimes x opposes & prevails4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 incl9ation ( "s k9d or o!r prompts ! man to action4 ,! incl9ation1 :e!r set up by an ext]nal object ( desire or by an int]nal impulse ( re/lessness or bl9d crav+ or ! l1 comes cle>ly f ! nature1 & is n free *oice4 ,!re is no reason to believe t x is n 9 mo/ cases1 possibly 9 all cases1 "u ! dom9ion ( fix$ law4 ,x may be z completely ! product ( :at has prec$$ x z ! eclipse ( ! sun4 ,& if ! w concurs 9 ! incl9ation1 x is ne$less to discuss ! "q :e!r ! w acts or n4 ,! conduct is ! same :e!r ! w adds =ce to ! incl9ation or is simply passive4 ,! fre$om ( ! w may 9 ?is case be consid]$ z negative4 ,s1 too1 may ! fre$om ( ! w be consid]$ negative 9 ! second case1 :i* is t ( ! w nei!r concurr+ ) incl9ation nor oppos+ x4 ,9 ?is case !re may be a di/9ct consci\sness ( fre$om 9 ! =m ( a s5se ( responsibility = :at incl9ation is p]mitt$ to d4 ,a man 9 ?is case kn[s t he is free1 p]haps kn[s t he ought to int]f]e & control ! conduct4 ,b z he does n int]f]e1 ! fre$om ( ! w is n ass]t$ 9 act4 ,& x is possible t1 z f> z all ext]nal ph5om5a are conc]n$1 !re may be no brea* 9 uni=mity ( sequ5ce4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 c h>dly be 9 ! ?ird case1 :i* is :5 ! w & ! incl9ation are oppos$1 & ! w is ov]p[]$4 ,al?\gh ! incl9ation prevails1 yet ! /ruggle itself is an ev5t ( ! mo/ important k9d1 & is sure to leave traces on ! "*1 & to be foll[$ by consequ5ces4 ,9 ?is case we are di/9ctly consci\s ( a p[] to add =ce to t "o ( ! cont5d+ opposites :i* is mo/ id5tifi$ ) our v selves1 & we "k :e!r we h add$ t =ce or n4 ,& n only may we add ?is =ce directly f )92 we may & we (t5 d g outside ( ourselves to seek = aids to add /ill m =ce indirectly1 & we d = ?is purpose :at we %\ld n d o!rwise4 ,we dwell 9 ?\ght on ! high] aims :i* are ! prop] object ( w2 we read :at sets =? ^? high] aims 9 _! full beauty2 we seek ! words1 ! company1 ! sympa?y ( m5 :o w1 we are sure1 enc\rage u 9 ?is ! high] pa?4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 we turn away f ! temptation :i* gives /r5g? to ! evil incl9ation1 & if we _c escape f its pres5ce we endeav\r to drive ! ?\ght ( x f our m9ds4 ,all ?is action is n = ! sake ( any?+ ?us done1 b = ! sake ( its indirect effect on ! /ruggle 9 :i* we are engag$4 ,:5ev] !re is a /ruggle1 we are n only consci\s t ! w is free1 b t x is ass]t+ its fre$om4 ,9 ^! /ruggles !re is n a m]e conte/ betwe5 two incl9ations4 ,we are di/9ctly consci\s t "o ( ! combatants is our v selves 9 a s5se 9 :i* ! o!r is n4 ,b1 nev]!less1 :5 all has be5 said1 x /ill rema9s 9 ?is case t ! w is beat5 & incl9ation prevails1 & ! conduct 9 ! ma9 is det]m9$ by ! incl9ation1 :i* is "u ! dom9ion ( ! law ( uni=mity1 & n by ! w1 :i* claims to be free4 ,! f\r? case 9 :i* ! w prevails may1 ( c\rse1 make a mom5t\s brea* 9 ! uni=mity ( sequ5ce ( ! conduct4 ,b 9 f> ! l>ge/ numb] ( cases ! /ruggle is v slight1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! w & ! incl9ation is n1 tak5 alone1 ( grave importance 9 ! life4 ,& 9 ^? in/ances 9 :i* ! /ruggle is sev]e & ! result+ *ange is great1 x is v (t5 ! case t ! way has be5 prep>$1 z x 7 9 secret1 by ! quiet accumulation ( hidd5 =ces ( ! /rictly natural ord] ready to bur/ =? :5 ! fit opportunity came4 ,9 ! great conv]sions :i* h sometimes seem$ by _! sudd5ness & complet5ess to defy all possibility ( r$uction to natural law1 !re are (t5 nev]!less tok5s ( deep dissatisfaction ) ! previ\s life hav+ swell$ up sl[ly )9 ! s\l = "s "t1 ev5 = "s long "t be=eh&4 ,! incl9ation to g on 9 evil c\rses has be5 brok5 d[n at la/1 n m]ely by ! action ( ! w1 b by ! work+ ( ! ma*9]y ( ! s\l4 ,to ?is x mu/ be add$ t ! action ( ! w is su* t x v (t5 happ5s t1 hav+ be5 ex]t$ once1 x ne$ n be ex]t$ aga9 = ! same purpose4 ,a cu/om is brok5 d[n1 an exce$+ly /rong temptation has be5 ov]p[]$1 & its /r5g? s de/roy$ t its return is )\t effect4 ,or sometimes ! act ( ! w takes ! =m ( delib]ately s arrang+ ! circum/ances ( life t a dread$ temptation _c return1 or if x return _c prevail2 ! "r eye has be5 pluck$ out1 ! "r h& cut (f1 & ! s9 _c be committ$ ev5 if desir$4 ,:ile !re=e ! w is always free1 ! actual int]f]5ce ( ! w ) ! life is n s frequ5t z to int]f]e ) ! broad g5]al rule t ! c\rse ( human conduct is practically uni=m4 ,9 fact ! w1 ?\gh always free1 only ass]ts its fre$om by obey+ duty 9 spite ( incl9ation1 by disreg>d+ ! uni=mity ( nature 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! high] uni=mity ( ! ,moral ,law4 ,! fre$om ( ! human w is b ! ass]tion 9 p>ticul> ( t univ]sal supremacy ( ! moral ov] ! physical 9 ! la/ resort1 :i* is an ess5tial "p ( ! v ess5ce ( ! ,moral ,law4 ,! fre$om ( ! w is ! ,moral ,law break+ into ! _w ( ph5om5a1 & ?us beh9d ! free-w ( man /&s ! p[] ( ,god4 ,:5 ! real claim ( ! w = fre$om has be5 cle>ly seiz$ by ! m9d1 x becomes app>5t t !re is no real collision betwe5 :at ,sci5ce ass]ts & :at ,religion requires u to believe4 ,sci5ce ass]ts t !re is evid5ce to %[ t an exce$+ly l>ge proportion ( human action is gov]n$ by fix$ law4 ,religion requires u to believe t ! w is responsible = all ?is action1 n because x does1 b because x might int]f]e4 ,sci5ce is n able1 & f ! nature ( ! case nev] w be able to prove t ! range ( ?is fix$ law is univ]sal1 & t ! w nev] does int]f]e to v>y ! actions f :at )\t ! w !y w\ld h be54 ,sci5ce w nev] be able to prove ?is1 because x c\ld n be prov$ except by a univ]sal induction1 & a univ]sal induction is impossible4 ,at pres5t !re is no approximation to su* pro(4 ,religion1 on ! o!r h&1 does n call on u to believe t ! w (t5 int]f]es1 b on ! contr>y is p]petually tell+ u t x does n int]f]e z (t5 z x ought4 ,reveal$ religion1 inde$1 has always bas$ its mo/ e>ne/ exhortations on ! reluctance ( man to set 8 w to ! difficult task ( cont5d+ ) ! =ces ( 8 nature1 & on ! weakness ( ! w 9 ! pres5ce ( ^? =ces4 ,& :5 we pursue ?is ?\ght fur!r we see t = su* creatures z we are ! subjection ( a l>ge "p ( our own nature to fix$ laws is z necess>y = our dom9ion ov] ourselves z ! fixity ( ext]nal nature is necess>y = our dom9ion ov] ! _w ar\nd u4 ,! fixity ( a l>ge "p ( our nature--nay1 ( all b ! :ole ( x--is a moral & spiritual necessity4 ,= x requires b a sup]ficial self-exam9ation to disc]n ! indications ( :at ! pr(\nde/ rese>* /ill leaves a my/]y--t we are n p]fect creatures ( our own k9d--t our nature does n spontane\sly con=m to ! ,supreme ,moral ,law--t our highe/ & be/ consi/s n 9 complete ob$i5ce to :i* we _c atta91 b 9 a p]petual upw>d /ruggle4 ,n[ su* a /ruggle dem&s = its indisp5sable condition some?+ fix$ 9 our nature by :i* ea* /ep upw>ds %all be made good z x is tak51 & af=d a firm foot+ = ! next asc5t4 ,if !re 7 no?+ 9 u fix$ & firm1 if ! w>f>e ) evil impulses1 wayw>d affections1 ov]ma/]+ appetites _h to be c>ri$ on ?r\gh life )\t ! possibility ( mak+ any victory complete1 ! =mation ( a p]petually high] & nobl] "* w\ld be impossible2 our ma9 hope 9 ?is life1 our be/ (f]+ to ,god w\ld be tak5 away f u2 we c\ld nev] give our bodies to be a liv+ sacrifice1 holy1 acceptable to ,god2 we c\ld give our sep>ate acts b n ourselves1 = we %\ld be utt]ly unable to =m ourselves into fitness = su* a purpose4 ,! task giv5 to ! w is n only to gov]n ! actions b to discipl9e ! nature2 b discipl9e is impossible :]e !re is no fixity 9 ! ?+ to be discipl9$4 ,& ?is becomes /ill m important :5 we se>* m deeply & p]ceive t n ! nature only b ! w itself is 9 "s /range way infect$ ) evil4 ,we c h>dly imag9e ev5 a p]fectly pure w capable ( cont9u+ to ! end a conflict 9 :i* no progress ev] 0 or c\ld be made4 ,! trem5d\s /ra9 ( fight+ ) an enemy t might be defeat$ aga9 & aga9 = ev] )\t ev] suff]+ any *ange or relax+ ! viol5ce ( any attack or giv+ ! slighte/ hope ( any relief1 w\ld seem too mu* = ! mo/ une>?ly1 ! mo/ noble1 ! mo/ godlike ( human wills4 ,b wills su* z ours1 p5etrat$ ) weakness1 p]haps ) trea*]y to _! own be/ aspirations1 h[ utt]ly impossible t !y c\ld p]sev]e ?r\gh su* a hopeless conflict4 ,x is ! su/a9+ hope ( ! ,*ri/ian t he %all be *ang$ f glory to glory into ! image or lik5ess ( ,8 ,"l1 & t :5 all is ov] = ?is life he %all be inde$ l ,him & see ,him z ,he is4 ,b t hope is nev] pres5t$ z "o to be realiz$ by "s sudd5 /roke fa%ion+ ! s\l anew & m\ld+ x at once into heav5ly l9eam5ts4 ,x is by /eady & sure degrees t ! ,*ri/ian believes t he %all be ?us bless$4 ,& ?is progress re/s on ! fix$ rules by :i* 8 nature is gov]n$1 & :i* admit ( ! "* be+ gradually *ang$ by ! life4 ,! ,*ri/ian kn[s t ,god has s made u t a temptation once ov]come is p]man5tly weak5$1 & (t5 ov]come is at la/ altoge!r expell$2 t appetites re/ra9$ are 9 ! end subdu$ & co/ b little ef=t to keep d[n2 t bad ?\ghts p]petually put aside at la/ return no m2 t a cle>] p]ception ( duty & a m resolute ob$i5ce to its call makes duty itself m attractive1 fills u ) en?usiasm = its fulfilm5t1 draws u z x 7 upw>ds1 & ennobles ! :ole man4 ,! ,*ri/ian kn[s t ! ?\ght ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 ! contemplation ( ,8 excell5cy1 ! recognition ( ,him z ! s\rce ( spiritual life has a /range p[] to trans=m1 & ev]more to trans=m ! :ole man4 ,9 ?is k ! ,*ri/ian lives 8 life & fights 8 battle4 ,& :at is ?is b a k t he has a nature subject to fix$ laws1 :i* he c inde$ int]f]e )1 b )\t :i* 8 self-discipl9e w\ld be ( little value1 & assur$ly c\ld n long cont9ue4 ,& if ! progress ( ,sci5ce & ! exam9ation ( human nature %\ld ev5tually re/rict m closely ?an we might h suppos$ ! l5g? to :i* ! int]f]5ce ( ! w c g2 if x %\ld appe> t ! *anges :i* we c make at any "o mom5t 9 ourselves are )9 a v n>r[ range1 ?is1 too1 w be k t c be us$ 9 our self-discipl9e & q z mu* p]haps 9 our mutual moral aid4 ,x is conceivable t ! bran* ( sci5ce :i* treats ( human nature may 9 ! end pr(\ndly modify our modes ( education1 & our hopes ( :at c be effect$ by x4 ,b if s ! k w only add to ! /ore ( means put )9 our rea* = ! elevation ( our race4 ,& we may be sure t no?+ ( ?is sort w really affect ! revelation t ,god has writt5 9 our s\ls t we are free & responsible be+s1 & _c get quit ( our responsibility4 ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,app>5t ,,conflict ,,betwe5 ,,religion ,,& ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,evolution4 ,f\ndation ( ! doctr9e ( ,evolution4 ,great developm5t 9 rec5t times4 ,objection felt by _m religi\s m54 ,alleg$ to de/roy argum5t f design4 ,paley's argum5t exam9$4 ,doctr9e ( ,evolution adds =ce to ! argum5t1 & removes objections to x4 ,argum5t f progress2 f beauty2 f unity4 ,! conflict n real4 ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,app>5t ,,conflict ,,betwe5 ,,religion ,,& ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,evolution4 ',= ! invisible ?+s ( ,him f ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made1 ev5 ,8 et]nal p[] & ,godhead4' ,romans i4 #bj4 ,! regul>ity ( nature is ! fir/ po/ulate ( ,sci5ce2 b x requires ! v slighte/ obs]vation to %[ u t1 along ) ?is regul>ity1 !re exi/s a va/ irregul>ity :i* ,sci5ce c only deal ) by exclusion f its prov9ce4 ,! _w z we see x is full ( *anges2 & ^! *anges :5 pati5tly & p]sev]+ly exam9$ are f\nd to be subject to inv>iable or almo/ inv>iable laws4 ,b ! ?+s !mselves :i* ?us *ange are z multif>i\s z ! *anges :i* !y und]go4 ,!y v>y inf9itely 9 quantity1 9 qualities1 9 arrangem5t ?r\gh\t space1 possibly 9 arrangem5t ?r\gh\t "t4 ,take a s+le sub/ance su*1 say1 z gold4 ,h[ mu* gold !re is 9 ! :ole univ]se1 & :]e x is situat$1 we n only h no k1 b c h>dly be said to be on ! way to h k4 ,:y its qualities are :at !y are1 & :y x alone possesses all ^! qualities2 h[ long x has exi/$1 & h[ long x w cont9ue to exi/1 ^! que/ions we are unable to answ]4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! _m =ms ( matt]1 ! prop]ties ( ea* =m1 ! di/ribution ( ea*3 all ?is ,sci5ce mu/ 9 ! la/ resort assume4 ,b ,i say 9 ! la/ resort4 ,= x is possible1 & ,sci5ce soon makes x evid5t t x is true1 t "s =ms ( matt] gr[ out ( o!r =ms4 ,!re are endless comb9ations4 ,& ! gr[? ( new out ( old =ms is ( necessity a sequ5ce1 & falls "u ! law ( inv>iability ( sequ5ces1 & becomes ! subject-matt] ( ,sci5ce4 ,z 9 ea* sep>ate case ,sci5ce ass]ts ea* ev5t ( to-day to h foll[$ by a law ( inv>iable sequ5ce on ! ev5ts ( ye/]day2 ! e>? has rea*$ ! precise po9t 9 its orbit n[ :i* 0 det]m9$ by ! law ( gravitation z appli$ to its motion at ! po9t :i* x rea*$ a mom5t ago2 ! wea!r ( ! pres5t h\r has come by meteorological laws out ( ! wea!r ( ! la/ h\r2 ! crops & ! flocks n[ f\nd on ! surface ( ! habitable e>? are ! necess>y outcome ( prec$+ h>ve/s & prec$+ flocks & ( all t has be5 done to ma9ta9 & increase !m2 s1 too1 if we look at ! univ]se z a :ole1 ! pres5t condition ( t :ole is1 if ! sci5tific po/ulate ( inv>iable sequ5ce be admitt$1 & 9 z f> z x is admitt$1 ! necess>y outcome ( its =m] condition2 & all ! v>i\s =ms ( matt]1 :e!r liv+ or inanimate1 mu/ = ! same reason & ) ! same limitation be ! necess>y outcome ( prec$+ =ms ( matt]4 ,?is is ! f\ndation ( ! doctr9e ( ,evolution4 ,n[ /at$ 9 ?is ab/ract =m ?is doctr9e w be1 & inde$ if ,sci5ce be admitt$ at all mu/ be1 accept$ by ev]ybody4 ,ev5 ! ,roman ,*ur*1 :i* holds t ,god is p]petually int]f]+ ) ! c\rse ( nature1 ei!r 9 ! int]e/s ( religi\s tru? or out ( lov+ k9dness to ,8 creatures1 yet w ackn[l$ge t ! numb] ( su* int]f]5ces almo/ disappe>s 9 comp>ison ( ! c\ntless millions ( in/ances 9 :i* !re is no reason to believe 9 any int]f]5ce at all4 ,& if we look at ! univ]se z a :ole1 ! g5]al proposition z /at$ above is q unaffect$ by ! inf9itesimal exception :i* is to be made by a believ] 9 frequ5t miracles4 ,b :5 ?is proposition is appli$ 9 detail x at once introduces ! possibility ( an entirely new hi/ory ( ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,= ?is univ]se z we see x is almo/ entirely made up ( composite & n ( simple sub/ances4 ,we h be5 able to analyse all ! sub/ances t we "k into a comp>atively small numb] ( simple elem5ts--"s usually solid1 "s liquid1 "s gase\s4 ,b ^! simple elem5ts are r>ely f\nd uncomb9$ ) o!rs2 mo/ ( ^? :i* we meet ) 9 a pure /ate h be5 tak5 out ( comb9ation & r$uc$ to simplicity by human ag5cy4 ,! v>i\s metals t we ord9>ily use are mo/ly f\nd 9 a /ate ( ore1 & we d n g5]ally obta9 !m pure except by smelt+4 ,! air we brea!1 ?\gh n a comp\nd1 is a mixture4 ,! wat] :i* is ess5tial to our life is a comp\nd4 ,&1 if we pass f inorganic to organic sub/ances1 all vegetables & animals are comp\nd1 su/a9$ by v>i\s articles ( food :i* g to make up _! frames4 ,n[1 h[ h ^! comp\nds be5 =m$8 ,x is q possible t "s ( !m1 or all ( !m to "s ext5t1 may h be5 =m$ f ! fir/4 ,if ,sci5ce c\ld g back to ! beg9n+ ( all ?+s1 :i* x obvi\sly _c1 x might f9d ! composition already accompli%$1 & be compell$ to />t ) x z a giv5 fact--a fact z incapable ( sci5tific explanation z ! exi/5ce ( matt] at all4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 composition & decomposition is a matt] ( e-day exp]i5ce4 ,our v food c\ld n n\ri% u except by pass+ ?r\gh ^! processes 9 our bodies2 & by ! same processes we prep>e mu* ( our food be=e consum+ x4 ,may n ,sci5ce g back to ! "t :5 ^! processes _h n yet begun8 ,may n ! />t+-po9t ( ! hi/ory ( ! univ]se be a condition 9 :i* ! simple elem5ts 7 /ill uncomb9$8 ,if ,sci5ce c\ld g back to ! beg9n+ ( all ?+s1 might we n f9d all ! elem5ts ( mat]ial ?+s ready inde$ = ! action ( ! inh]5t =ces :i* w\ld pres5tly unite !m 9 an inf9ite v>iety ( comb9ations1 b z yet /ill sep>ate f ea* o!r8 ,scatt]$ ?r\gh enorm\s regions ( space1 b drawn toge!r by ! =ce ( gravitation2 _! orig9al heat1 :atev] x may h be51 increas$ by _! mutual collision2 made to act *emically on "o ano!r by su* increase or by subsequ5t decrease ( temp]ature2 p]petually approa*+ ne>] to ! =ms into :i*1 by ! incessant action ( ! same =ces1 ! pres5t univ]se has gr[n2 ^! elem5ts1 & ! work+ ( ! sev]al laws ( _! own prop] nature1 may be en\gh to acc\nt sci5tifically = all ! ph5om5a t we obs]ve4 ,we d n ev5 !n get back to regul>ity4 ,:y ^! elem5ts1 & no o!rs2 :y 9 ^! precise quantities2 :y s di/ribut$ 9 space2 :y end[$ ) ^! prop]ties3 /ill are que/ions :i* ,sci5ce _c answ]1 & !re seems no reason to expect t any sci5tific answ] w ev] be possible4 ,nay1 ,i "k n :e!r x may n be ass]t$ t ! impossibility ( answ]+ "o at lea/ among ^! que/ions is capable ( demon/ration4 ,= ! :ole sy/em ( ?+s1 z f> z we "k x1 dep5ds on ! p]petual rotation ( ! heav5ly bodies2 & )\t orig9al irregul>ity 9 ! di/ribution ( matt] no motion ( rotation c\ld ev] h spontane\sly aris54 ,& if ?is irregul>ity be ?us orig9al1 ,sci5ce c give no acc\nt ( x4 ,sci5ce1 !re=e1 w h to beg9 ) assum+ c]ta9 facts = :i* x c nev] hope to acc\nt4 ,b x may beg9 by assum+ t1 speak+ r\ghly1 ! univ]se 0 always v mu* :at we see x n[1 & t composition & decomposition h always ne>ly balanc$ ea* o!r1 & t !re h be5 f ! beg9n+ ! same sun & moon & planets & />s 9 ! sky1 ! same animals on ! e>? & 9 ! seas1 ! same vegetation1 ! same m9]als2 & t ?\gh !re h be5 incessant *anges1 & possibly all ^! *anges 9 "o g5]al direction1 yet ^! *anges h nev] am\nt$ to :at w\ld furni% a sci5tific explanation ( ! =ms :i* matt] has assum$4 ,or1 on ! o!r h&1 ,sci5ce may ass]t ! possibility ( go+ back to a f> e>li] condition ( our mat]ial sy/em2 may ass]t t all ! =ms ( matt] h gr[n up "u ! action ( laws & =ces /ill at "w2 may take z ! initial /ate ( our univ]se "o or _m enorm\s cl\ds ( gase\s matt]1 & endeav\r to trace ) m or less exactness h[ ^! gradually =m$ !mselves into :at we see4 ,sci5ce has lately lean$ to ! latt] alt]native4 ,to a believ] ! alt]native may be /at$ ?us3 ,we all di/+ui% betwe5 ! orig9al creation ( ! mat]ial _w & ! hi/ory ( x ev] s9ce4 ,& we h1 nay all m5 h1 be5 accu/om$ to assign to ! orig9al creation a great deal t ,sci5ce is n[ dispos$ to assign to ! hi/ory4 ,b ! di/9ction betwe5 ! orig9al creation & ! subsequ5t hi/ory w\ld /ill rema91 & = ev] rema91 al?\gh ! portion assign$ to ! "o may be less1 & t assign$ to ! o!r l>g]1 ?an 0 =m]ly suppos$4 ,h[ev] f> back ,sci5ce may be able to pu% its beg9n+1 !re /ill mu/ lie beh9d t beg9n+ ! orig9al act ( creation--creation n ( matt] only1 b ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( matt]1 & ( ! laws gov]n+ all & ea* ( ^? k9ds1 & ( ! di/ribution ( ?is matt] 9 space4 ,?is application ( ! ab/ract doctr9e ( ,evolution gives x an enorm\s & />tl+ expansion3 s enorm\s & s />tl+ t ! doctr9e itself seems absolutely new4 ,to say t ! pres5t gr[s by regul> law out ( ! pa/ is "o ?+2 to say t x has gr[n out ( a di/ant pa/ 9 :i* z yet ! pres5t =ms ( life ^u ! e>?1 ! pres5t vegetation1 ! seas & isl&s & cont95ts1 ! v planet itself1 ! sun & moon1 7 n yet made--& all ?is also by regul> law--t is q ano!r ?+4 ,& ! be>+s ( ?is new application ( ,sci5ce des]ve /udy4 ,n[ x seems q pla9 t ?is doctr9e ( ,evolution is 9 no s5se :atev] antagoni/ic to ! tea*+s ( ,religion1 ?\gh x may be1 & t we %all h to consid] aft]w>ds1 to ! tea*+s ( revelation4 ,:y !n %\ld religi\s m5 indep5d5tly ( its relation to revelation %r9k f x1 z v _m unque/ionably d8 ,! reason is t1 :il/ ?is doctr9e leaves ! tru? ( ! exi/5ce & supremacy ( ,god exactly :]e x 01 x cuts away1 or appe>s to cut away1 "s ( ! ma9 argum5ts = t tru?4 ,n[1 9 reg>d to ! argum5ts :]eby we h be5 accu/om$ to prove or to corroborate ! exi/5ce ( a ,supreme ,be+1 x is pla9 t1 to take ^! argum5ts away or to make x impossible to use !m1 is n to disprove or take away ! tru? itself4 ,we f9d e day in/ances ( m5 re/+ _! fai? 9 a tru? on "s gr\nds :i* we "k to be unt5able1 & we see :at a t]rible trial x sometimes is :5 !y f9d out t ?is is s1 & "k n z yet on :at o!r gr\nd !y are to take _! /&4 ,& "s m5 succumb 9 ! trial & lose _! fai? toge!r ) ! argum5t :i* has hi!rto support$ x4 ,b ! tru? /ill /&s 9 spite ( ! failure ( "s to keep _! belief 9 x1 & 9 spite ( ! impossibility ( support+ x by ! old argum5ts4 ,& :5 m5 h become accu/om$ to re/ _! belief on new gr\nds ! loss ( ! old argum5ts is nev] f\nd to be a v s]i\s matt]4 ,belief 9 revelation has be5 %ak5 aga9 & aga9 by ?is v increase ( k4 ,x 0 unque/ionably a dreadful bl[ to _m 9 ! days ( ,galileo to f9d t ! language ( ! ,bible 9 reg>d to ! movem5t ( ! e>? & sun 0 n sci5tifically correct4 ,x 0 a dreadful bl[ to _m 9 ! days ( ! ,re=mation to f9d t !y _h be5 misl$ by :at !y believ$ to be an infallible ,*ur*4 ,su* %ocks to fai? try ! mettle ( m5's moral & spiritual conviction1 & !y (t5 refuse altoge!r to hold :at !y c no long] e/abli% by ! argum5ts :i* h hi!rto be5 to !m ! decisive1 p]haps ! sole decisive1 pro(s4 ,& yet 9 spite ( ^! %ocks belief 9 revelation is /rong /ill 9 m5's s\ls1 & is cle>ly n yet go+ to quit ! _w4 ,b let u g on to consid] h[ f> x is true t ! argum5ts :i* h hi!rto be5 reg>d$ z prov+ ! exi/5ce ( a ,supreme ,creator are really affect$ v gravely by ?is doctr9e ( ,evolution4 ,! ma9 argum5t1 :i* at fir/ appe>s to be ?us set aside1 is t :i* is f\nd$ on ! m>ks ( design1 & :i* is work$ out 9 8 own way ) m>vell\s skill by ,paley 9 8 ,natural ,!ology4 ,paley's argum5t re/s z is well kn[n on ! evid5ce ( design 9 creat$ ?+s1 & ^! evid5ces he *iefly f9ds 9 ! frame-"w ( organis$ liv+ creatures4 ,he traces ) mu* mo/ int]e/+ detail ! _m m>vell\s contrivances by :i* animals ( v>i\s k9ds are adapt$ to ! circum/ances 9 :i* !y are to live1 ! me*anism :i* enables !m to obta9 _! food1 to pres]ve _! species1 to escape _! enemies1 to remove discom=ts4 ,all nature ?us exam9$1 & p>ticul>ly all animat$ nature1 seems full ( means t[>ds ends1 & ^? ends inv>iably su* z a b5efic5t ,creator might well be suppos$ to h 9 view4 ,& :il/ !re is und5iably "o great objection to 8 :ole argum5t1 namely t ! ,creator is repres5t$ z an ,artific] r ?an a ,creator1 z ov]com+ difficulties :i* /ood 9 ,8 way r ?an z an ,almighty ,be+ fa%ion+ ?+s accord+ to ,8 ,w1 yet ! argum5t ?us drawn f evid5ce ( design rema9s exce$+ly p[]ful1 & x has always be5 consid]$ a /rong corroboration ( ! voice )9 :i* bids u believe 9 a ,god4 ,n[ x c]ta9ly seems at fir/ z if ?is argum5t 7 altoge!r de/roy$4 ,if animals 7 n made z we see !m1 b evolv$ by natural law1 /ill m if x appe> t _! wond]ful adaptation to _! surr\nd+s is due to ! influ5ce ( ^? surr\nd+s1 x might seem z if we c\ld no long] speak ( design z exhibit$ 9 _! v>i\s organs2 ! organs we might say gr[ ( !mselves1 "s suitable1 & "s unsuitable to ! life ( ! creatures to :i* !y belong$1 & ! unsuitable h p]i%$ & ! suitable h surviv$4 ,b ,paley has suppli$ ! clue to ! answ]4 ,9 8 well-kn[n illu/ration ( ! wat* pick$ up on ! hea? by ! pass+ travell]1 he po9ts out t ! evid5ce ( design is c]ta9ly n less5$ if x be f\nd t ! wat* 0 s con/ruct$ t1 9 c\rse ( "t1 x produc$ ano!r wat* l itself4 ,he 0 ?9k+ n ( ,evolution1 b ( ! ord9>y production ( ea* g5]ation ( animals f ! prec$+4 ,b 8 answ] c be pu%$ a /ep fur!r1 & we may ) equal ju/ice rem>k t we %\ld c]ta9ly n believe x a pro( t ! wat* _h come into exi/5ce )\t design if we f\nd t x produc$ 9 c\rse ( "t n m]ely ano!r wat* b a bett]4 ,x w\ld become m m>vell\s ?an ev] if we f\nd provision ?us made n m]ely = ! cont9uance ( ! species b = ! p]petual improvem5t ( ! species4 ,x is ess5tial to animal life t ! animal %\ld be adapt$ to its circum/ances2 if besides provision = su* adaptation 9 ea* g5]ation we f9d provision = /ill bett] adaptation 9 future g5]ations1 h[ c x be said t ! evid5ces ( design are dim9i%$8 ,or take any sep>ate organ1 su* z ! eye4 ,x is impossible n to believe until x be disprov$ t ! eye 0 int5d$ to see )4 ,we _c say t light 0 made = ! eye1 because light subs]ves _m o!r purposes besides t ( enabl+ eyes to see4 ,b t ! eye 0 int5d$ = light !re is s /rong a presumption t x _c easily be rebutt$4 ,if inde$ x c\ld be %[n t eyes fulfill$ sev]al o!r functions1 or t species ( animals :i* always liv$ 9 ! d>k /ill _h fully-=m$ eyes1 !n we might say t ! connexion betwe5 ! eye ( an animal & ! light ( heav5 0 accid5tal4 ,b ! contr>y is notori\sly ! case2 s mu* ! case t "s philosoph]s h ma9ta9$ t ! eye 0 =m$ by ! ne$ = see+1 a /atem5t :i* ,i ne$ take no tr\ble to refute1 j z ^? :o make x take no tr\ble to e/abli%1 ,i w n say its tru?1 b ev5 its possibility4 ,b ! fact1 if x be a fact1 t ! eye 0 n orig9ally z well adapt$ to see ) z x is n[1 & t ! p[] ( p]ceiv+ light & ( ?+s 9 ! light grew by degrees1 does n %[1 nor ev5 t5d to %[1 t ! eye 0 n int5d$ = see+ )4 ,! fact is t ! doctr9e ( ,evolution does n affect ! sub/ance ( ,paley's argum5t at all4 ,! m>ks ( design :i* he has po9t$ out rema9 m>ks ( design /ill ev5 if we accept ! doctr9e ( ,evolution to ! full4 ,:at is t\*$ by ?is doctr9e is n ! evid5ce ( design b ! mode 9 :i* ! design 0 execut$4 ,paley1 no d\bt1 wrote on ! supposition 7& at t "t x 0 h>dly possible to admit any o!r supposition7 t we mu/ take animals to h come into exi/5ce v ne>ly su* z we n[ "k !m3 & 8 language1 on ! :ole1 0 adapt$ to t supposition4 ,b ! language w\ld r ne$ supplem5t+ ?an *ang+ to make x applicable to ! supposition t animals 7 =m$ by ,evolution4 ,9 ! "o case ! execution foll[s ! design by ! effect ( a direct act ( creation2 9 ! o!r case ! design is work$ out by a sl[ process4 ,9 ! "o case ! ,creator made ! animals at once su* z !y n[ are2 9 ! o!r case ,he impress$ on c]ta9 p>ticles ( matt] :i*1 ei!r at ! beg9n+ or at "s po9t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,8 creation ,he end[$ ) life1 su* inh]5t p[]s t 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( "t liv+ creatures su* z ! pres5t 7 develop$4 ,! creative p[] rema9s ! same 9 ei!r case2 ! design ) :i* t creative p[] 0 ex]cis$ rema9s ! same4 ,he did n make ! ?+s1 we may say2 no1 b ,he made !m make !mselves4 ,& surely ?is r adds ?an )draws =ce f ! great argum5t4 ,x seems 9 itself some?+ m maje/ic1 some?+ m befitt+ ,him to ,:om a ?\s& ye>s are z "o day & "o day z a ?\s& ye>s1 ?us to impress ,8 ,w once = all on ,8 creation1 & provide = all its c\ntless v>iety by ?is "o orig9al impress1 ?an by special acts ( creation to be p]petually modify+ :at ,he _h previ\sly made4 ,x has (t5 be5 object$ to ,paley's argum5t1 z ,i rem>k$ be=e1 t x repres5ts ! ,almighty r z an artific] ?an a creator1 a workman deal+ ) some:at intractable mat]ials & %[+ m>vell\s skill 9 ov]com+ difficulties r ?an a b5efic5t ,be+ mak+ all ?+s 9 accordance ) ! purposes ( ,8 love4 ,b ?is objection disappe>s :5 we put ! argum5t into ! %ape :i* ! doctr9e ( ,evolution dem&s & look on ! ,almighty z creat+ ! orig9al elem5ts ( matt]1 det]m9+ _! numb] & _! prop]ties1 creat+ ! law ( gravitation :]eby z seems probable ! worlds h be5 =m$1 creat+ ! v>i\s laws ( *emical & physical action1 by :i* inorganic sub/ances h be5 comb9$1 creat+ above all ! law ( life1 ! my/]i\s law :i* pla9ly conta9s su* wond]ful possibilities )9 itself1 & ?us provid+ = ! ultimate developm5t ( all ! _m wond]s ( nature4 ,:at conception ( =esight & purpose c rise above t :i* imag9es all hi/ory ga!r$ z x 7 into "o orig9al creative act f :i* ! inf9ite v>iety ( ! ,univ]se has come & m is com+ ev5 yet8 ,& yet aga91 x is a common objection to ,paley's & simil> argum5ts t1 9 spite ( all ! tok5s ( intellig5ce & b5efic5ce 9 ! creation1 !re is s mu* ( ! contr>y "*4 ,h[ mu* !re is ( app>5tly ne$less pa9 & wa/e6 ,& ,john ,/u>t ,mill has urg$ t ei!r we mu/ suppose ! ,creator want+ 9 omnipot5ce or want+ 9 k9dness to h left ,8 creation s imp]fect4 ,! answ] usually giv5 is t our k is p>tial1 &1 c\ld we see ! :ole1 ! objection w\ld probably disappe>4 ,b :at =ce & cle>ness is giv5 to ?is answ] by ! doctr9e ( ,evolution :i* tells u t we are look+ at a "w :i* is n yet f9i%$1 & t ! imp]fections are a necess>y "p ( a l>ge design ! g5]al outl9es ( :i* we may already trace1 b ! ultimate issue ( :i*1 ) all its details1 is /ill beyond our p]ception6 ,! imp]fections are l ! imp]fections ( a half-complet$ picture n yet ready to be se52 !y are l ! bud :i* w pres5tly be a beautiful fl[]1 or ! l>va ( a beautiful & gorge\s insect2 !y are l ! imp]fections 9 ! moral "* ( a sa9t :o nev]!less is *ang+ f glory to glory4 ,to ! _m p>tial designs :i* ,paley's ,natural ,!ology po9ts out1 & :i* /ill rema9 :at !y 71 ! doctr9e ( ,evolution adds ! design ( a p]petual progress4 ,?+s are s arrang$ t animals are p]petually bett] adapt$ to ! life !y h to live4 ,! v phrase :i* we commonly use to sum up ,d>w9's tea*+1 ! survival ( ! fitte/1 implies a p]petual dim9ution ( pa9 & increase ( enjoym5t = all creatures t c feel4 ,if !y are fitt] = _! surr\nd+s1 mo/ c]ta9ly !y w f9d life easi] to live4 ,&1 z if to m>k /ill m pla9ly ! b5efic5ce ( ! :ole "w1 ! less develop$ creatures1 z we h e reason to believe1 are less s5sible ( pa9 & pleasure2 s t enjoym5t appe>s to gr[ ) ! capacity = enjoym5t1 & suff]+ dim9i%es z s5sitivity to suff]+ increases4 ,& !re c be no d\bt t ?is is 9 _m ways ! t5d5cy ( nature4 ,bea/s ( prey are dim9i%+2 life is easi] = man & easi] = all animals t are "u 8 c>e3 _m species ( animals p]i% z man fills & subjugates ! globe1 b ^? t rema9 h f> great] happ9ess 9 _! lives4 ,9 fact1 all ! purposes :i* ,paley traces 9 ! =mation ( liv+ creatures are n only fulfill$ by :at ! ,creator has done1 b are bett] fulfill$ f age to age4 ,& ?\gh ! progress may be exce$+ly sl[1 ! nature ( ! progress _c be mi/ak54 ,if ! ,natural ,!ology 7 n[ to be writt51 ! /ress ( ! argum5t w\ld be put on a diff]5t place4 ,in/ead ( insi/+ :olly or ma9ly on ! wond]ful adaptation ( means to ends 9 ! /ructure ( liv+ animals & plants1 we %\ld look r to ! orig9al prop]ties impress$ on matt] f ! beg9n+1 & on ! b5efic5t consequ5ces t h fl[$ f ^? prop]ties4 ,we %\ld dwell on ! peculi> prop]ties t mu/ be inh]5t 9 ! molecules ( ! orig9al elem5ts to cause su* results to foll[ f _! action & reaction on "o ano!r4 ,we %\ld dwell on ! "p play$ 9 ! ,univ]se by ! prop]ties ( oxyg51 ! great purifi]1 & "o ( ! great heat-giv]s2 ( c>bon1 ! *ief light-giv] & heat-giv]2 ( wat]1 ! great solv5t & ! /oreh\se ( heat2 ( ! atmosph]e & ! vap\rs 9 x1 ! protector ( ! e>? :i* x surr\nds4 ,we %\ld trace ! b5efic5t effects ( pa9 & pleasure 9 _! subs]vi5ce to ! purification ( life4 ,! m>ks ( a purpose impress$ f ! fir/ on all creation w\ld be ev5 m visible ?an ev] be=e4 ,& we c\ld n ov]look ! beauty ( ,nature & ( all creat$ ?+s z "p ( t purpose com+ 9 _m cases out ( t v survival ( ! fitte/ ( :i* ,d>w9 has spok51 & yet a di/9ct object 9 itself4 ,= ?is beauty !re is no ne$ 9 ! economy ( nature :atev]4 ,! beauty ( ! />ry heav5s1 :i* s impress$ ! m9d ( ,kant t he put x by ! side ( ! ,moral ,law z prov+ ! exi/5ce ( a ,creator1 is n want$ ei!r = ! evolution ( ! _w or = ! pres]vation ( liv+ creatures4 ,our enjoym5t ( x is a sup]-add$ gift c]ta9ly n necess>y = ! exi/5ce or ! cont9uance ( our species4 ,! beauty ( fl[]s1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ! doctr9e ( ,evolution1 has g5]ally gr[n out ( ! ne$ :i* makes x good = plants to attract insects4 ,! insects c>ry ! poll5 f fl[] to fl[]1 & ?us z x 7 mix ! bre$2 & ?is produces ! /rong] plants :i* outlive ! competition ( ! re/4 ,! plants1 !re=e1 :i* are mo/ conspicu\s ga9 an advantage by attract+ insects mo/4 ,t successive g5]ations ( fl[]s %\ld ?us %[ bright] & bright] col\rs is intelligible4 ,b ! beauty ( fl[]s is f> m ?an m]e conspicu\sness ( col\rs ev5 ?\gh t be ! ma9 +r$i5t4 ,:y %\ld ! wond]ful grace1 & delicacy1 & h>mony ( t9t be add$8 ,is all ?is m]e *ance8 ,is all ?is sup]fluity p]vad+ ! :ole _w & p]petually supply+ to ! highe/ ( liv+ creatures1 & t too 9 a real proportion to 8 sup]iority1 ! mo/ ref9$ & elevat+ ( pleasures1 an accid5t )\t any purpose at all8 ,if ,evolution has produc$ ! _w su* z we see & all its endless beauty1 x has be/[$ on our own dwell+-place 9 lavi% abundance & 9 m>vell\s p]fection t on :i* m5 sp5d _! sub/ance )\t /9t1 t :i* !y value above all b d[nright necessities1 t :i* !y admire beyond all except ! ,law ( ,duty itself4 ,we _c ?9k t ?is is n design$1 nor t ! ,arti/ :o produc$ x 0 bl9d to :at 0 com+ out ( ,8 "w4 ,once m1 ! doctr9e ( ,evolution re/ores to ! sci5ce ( ,nature ! unity :i* we %\ld expect 9 ! creation ( ,god4 ,paley's argum5t prov$ design1 b includ$ ! possibility ( _m design]s4 ,n "o design1 b _m sep>ate designs1 all no d\bt ( ! same "*1 b all work$ out indep5d5tly ( "o ano!r1 is ! picture t he puts be=e u4 ,b ! doctr9e ( ,evolution b9ds all exi/+ ?+s on e>? into "o4 ,e m9]al1 e plant1 e animal has su* prop]ties t x b5efits o!r ?+s beside itself & d]ives b5efit 9 turn4 ,! insect developes ! plant1 & ! plant ! insect2 ! brute aids 9 ! evolution ( ! man1 & ! man 9 t ( ! brute4 ,all ?+s are embrac$ 9 "o great design beg9n+ ) ! v creation4 ,he :o uses ! doctr9e ( ,evolution to prove t no intellig5ce plann$ ! _w1 is und]tak+ ! self-contradictory task ( %[+ t a great ma*9e has no purpose by trac+ 9 detail ! m>vell\s complexity ( its p>ts1 & ! /ill m m>vell\s precision ) :i* all "w toge!r to produce a common result4 ,to conclude1 ! doctr9e ( ,evolution leaves ! argum5t = an intellig5t ,creator & ,gov]nor ( ! _w /rong] ?an x 0 be=e4 ,!re is /ill z mu* z ev] ! pro( ( an intellig5t purpose p]vad+ all creation4 ,! diff]5ce is t ! execution ( t purpose belongs m to ! orig9al act ( creation1 less to acts ( gov]nm5t s9ce4 ,!re is m div9e =esight1 !re is less div9e int]position2 & :atev] has be5 tak5 f ! latt] has be5 add$ to ! =m]4 ,"s sci5tific /ud5ts ( ,nature may fancy !y c d$uce 9 ! work+ out ( ! !ory results inconsi/5t ) religi\s belief2 & 9 a future ,lecture ^! w h to be exam9$2 & x is possible t ! !ory may be s pres5t$ z to be inconsi/5t ) ! tea*+ ( ,revelation4 ,b :atev] may be ! relation ( ! doctr9e ( ,evolution to ,revelation1 x _c be said t ?is doctr9e is antagoni/ic to ,religion 9 its ess5ce4 ,! progress ( ,sci5ce 9 ?is direction w assur$ly end 9 help+ m5 to believe ) m assurance ?an ev] t ! ,"l by wisdom ha? f\nd$ ! e>?1 by und]/&+ ha? ,he e/abli%$ ! heav5s4 ,,lecture ,v4 ,,revelation ,,! ,,means ,,( ,,develop+ ,,& ,,complet+ ,,spiritual ,,k4 ,! evolution ( ,k4 ,does n affect ! tru? ( ,sci5ce4 ,nor ( ,religion4 ,special *>act]i/ic ( evolution ( ,religi\s ,k1 t x is due to ,revelation4 ,all high] ,religions h claim$ to be ,revelations4 ,! evolution ( ,religi\s ,k 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 yet ! ,old ,te/am5t a ,revelation4 ,/ill m ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! miracul\s elem5t 9 ,revelation4 ,its place & ne$4 ,h>mony ( ?is mode ( evolution ) ! tea*+ ( ! ,spiritual ,faculty4 ,,lecture ,v4 ,,revelation ,,! ,,means ,,( ,,develop+ ,,& ,,complet+ ,,spiritual ,,k4 ',god1 :o at sundry times & 9 div]s mann]s spake 9 "t pa/ to ! ,fa!rs by ! ,prophets1 ha? 9 ^! la/ days spok5 to u by ,8 ,son4' ,hebrews i4 #a4 ,! doctr9e ( ,evolution has be5 appli$ n only to ! =mation ( all creat$ ?+s1 b to ! developm5t ( human k2 & ?is ) p]fect ju/ice1 ?\gh ) "s risk ( misund]/&+4 ,x is c]ta91 &1 inde$1 x is obvi\s1 t k gr[s4 ,! ord9>y exp]i5ce ( mank9d becomes l>g] & cle>] 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 & ! sy/ematis$ exp]i5ce :i* we call ,sci5ce makes ! same progress 9 /ill great] measure & ) m assurance4 ,our ,sci5ce has be5 built on ! lab\rs ( sci5tific m5 9 pa/ ages4 ,new g5]alisations imag9$ by "o ?9k]1 new crucial exp]im5ts devis$ by ano!r1 new in/rum5ts ( obs]vation inv5t$ by ano!r1--^! h be5 ! /eps by :i* ,sci5ce has gr[n & e/abli%$ its au?ority & enl>g$ its dom9ion4 ,:5 or by :om ! fir/ /eps 7 made we h no record4 ,no ma!matician t ev] liv$ %[$ great] natural p[] ( intellect ?an he1 :oev] he 01 :o fir/ saw t ! s+ul> conta9$ ! univ]sal2 b we "k nei!r 8 "n nor 8 age1 nor 8 bir?place nor 8 race4 ,b aft] ^? fir/ /eps _h be5 tak51 we "k :o h be5 ! lead]s 9 sci5tific advance4 ,& we "k :at !y h done1 & :at !y are do+2 & we c conjecture ! direction 9 :i* fur!r advances w be made4 ,& s we c trace ! developm5t ( ?is k9d ( k1 & 9 a c]ta9 & v real s5se ?is developm5t may be call$ an evolution4 ,b !re is ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! evolution ( nature & ! evolution ( ! sci5ce ( nature4 ,! evolution ( nature results 9 ! exi/5ce ( =ms :i* did n exi/ be=e2 ! evolution ( k results 9 ! p]ception ( laws :i* 7 already 9 exi/5ce4 ,! k gr[s1 b ! ?+s kn[n rema94 ,! k is n treat$ z if indep5d5t ( ! ?+s kn[n or believ$ to be kn[n1 z a ph5om5on belong+ m]ely to ! human m9d1 ) beg9n+s & laws & consequ5ces & hi/ory ( its own4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 its hav+ a regul> gr[? is n us$ z an argum5t aga9/ its sub/antial tru?4 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,ma!matics1 = in/ance1 has a hi/ory2 b no ma!matician w admit t ! fact t x has a hi/ory affects its claims to acceptance z tru?4 ,we may ask1 h[ m5 h be5 br\ght to believe ! d$uctions ( ! high] ma!matics1 & we may answ] our own "q by trac+ ! /eps2 b our conviction is n %ak5 t ^! d$uctions are true4 ,& s1 too1 we c trace ! /eps by :i* ! great g5]alisations ( ,sci5ce h be5 rea*$1 & we may %[ t ,kepl] grew out ( ,cop]nicus1 & ,newton out ( ,kepl]2 b ! pro( t ! k ( "o tru? has be5 evolv$ out ( ! k ( ano!r1 & t out ( ! k ( ano!r1 is n us$ to %[ t all ?is ,sci5ce has no?+ to d ) tru? at all1 b is only a natural gr[? ( human ?\ght4 ,sci5ce has gr[n ?r\gh all mann] ( mi/akes--mi/akes made by ! greate/ ?9k]s & obs]v]s1 mi/akes :i* m5 ignorantly laugh at n[1 z _! own mi/akes w be no d\bt laugh$ at 9 turn h]eaft]4 ,b we d n1 !re=e1 treat sci5tific ?\ght z no?+ m ?an "o ( ! ph5om5a ( humanity2 ways ( ?9k+ :i* necess>ily grew out ( ! conditions 9 :i* m5 h exi/$1 b suffici5tly acc\nt$ = by _! orig9 & mode ( gr[? hav+ be5 %[n1 & hav+ no solidity ( _! own4 ,:at has be5 said ( ,sci5ce may be said also ( ,religion4 ,religion also has _h its developm5t1 & 9 "s respects a developm5t p>allel to t ( ,sci5ce4 ,x is possible to trace ! /eps by :i* m5 h obta9$ an ev] l>g] & full] k ( ! ,supreme ,law ( ,"r1 a cle>] p]ception ( its application1 ( its logical results1 ( its relation to life1 to conduct1 to belief4 ,x has gr[n ?r\gh mi/akes z ,sci5ce has4 ,!re has be5 false ,religion1 z !re has be5 false ,sci5ce4 ,uns\nd pr9ciples ( conduct h be5 inculcat$ 9 ,religion z uns\nd g5]alisations h be5 set up 9 ,sci5ce4 ,!re h be5 improp] objects ( rev]5ce 9 ,religion1 z !re h be5 impossible aims propos$ = sci5tific inve/igation4 ,ezekiel rises above ! doctr9e t ! *ildr5 are puni%$ = ! s9s ( _! p>5ts1 j z ,galileo rises above ! doctr9e t nature abhors a vacuum4 ,! p>allel is all ! m complete 9 t 9 _m cases false religions h be5 also false sci5ces4 ,! pray] to ! feti% = ra9 is z contr>y to true religion z x is contr>y to true sci5ce4 ,_m false religions are mo/ easily ov]?r[n by sci5tific in/ruction4 ,_m false sci5ces beg9 to tott] :5 ! believ]s 9 !m are taught true religion4 ,! ord9>y sup]/itions :i* h s /rong a hold on weak *>act]s & un9/ruct$ m9ds1 are z inconsi/5t ) true fai? 9 ,god z ) reasonable k ( nature4 ,sci5ce gr[s1 b ! facts1 :e!r laws or in/ances ( ! op]ations ( ^? laws1 are n affect$ by t gr[?4 ,& ,religion gr[s1 b ! facts ( :i* x takes cognisance are n affect$ by t gr[?4 ,nei!r 9 ! "o case nor 9 ! o!r is ! fact t !re has be5 a developm5t any argum5t to %[ t ! belief ?us develop$ has no real f\ndation4 ,! pure subjectivity ( ,religion1 to use te*nical language1 is no m prov$ by ?is argum5t ?an ! pure subjectivity ( ,sci5ce4 ,b !re is "o mo/ important p>ticul> 9 :i* ! developm5t ( ,religion entirely diff]s f ! developm5t ( ,sci5ce4 ,! lead]s ( sci5tific ?\ght1 f ! "t t ,sci5ce has be5 consci\s ( itself1 h nev] claim$ direct div9e in/ruction4 ,= a long "t1 inde$1 sci5tific ?\ght re/$ l>gely on tradition1 & t tradition 0 h&$ on f g5]ation to g5]ation )\t any exam9ation into its f\ndations4 ,! /ores ( pa/ obs]vations seem$ s v mu* l>g] 9 quantity ?an any t m5 c\ld add 9 _! own day1 t x 0 natural to give m weight to :at 0 receiv$ ?an to :at 0 newly obs]v$4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ea* g5]ation 9 succession seem$ no?+ 9 comp>ison ) ! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ( all prec$+ g5]ations4 ,& 9 _m cases old traditions /opp$ ! gr[? ( ,sci5ce by prev5t+ ! acceptance ( obs]vations inconsi/5t ) !m4 ,b su* old traditions nev] claim$ to re/ on a revelation f ,god2 or1 if su* a claim 0 made "h & !re1 x nev] _h /r5g? en\gh to root itself 9 ,sci5ce & =m "p ( ! recognis$ au?ority on :i* ,sci5ce /ood4 ,sci5ce1 f ! "t :5 x recognis$ itself z ,sci5ce1 has ow$ its developm5t to obs]vation ( nature1 & long be=e x %ook (f ! fett]s ( unexam9$ tradition x _h disclaim$1 ev5 = t tradition1 any o!r basis ?an ?is4 ,b n s ,religion4 ,_m religions1 & among !m ! pur] & high] religions1 9 proportion to _! ne>] approa* to p]fection1 h claim$ to re/ on a ,div9e ,revelation1 & to be some?+ m ?an ei!r speculations ( philosophic obs]v]s ( nature1 or d$uctions f innate pr9ciples ( reason or consci5ce4 ,n ?9k]s1 b prophets1 or m5 claim+ to be prophets1 h giv5 ! pure/ religions to _! disciples among mank9d4 ,x has always be5 possible to br+ all religi\s tea*+ to ! b> ( consci5ce2 x has be5 possible to put all religi\s tea*+ to logical exam9ation2 to sy/ematise its precepts1 :e!r ( fai? or conduct2 to inquire into its fundam5tal pr9ciples1 & to ask = ! au?ority on :i* ! :ole tea*+ re/s4 ,b ^! applications ( our intellectual faculties to ,religion h always be5 admitt$ z com+ aft]1 n z prec$+1 ! tea*+ to :i* !y are made4 ,! prophet does sometimes reason :5 he is d$uc+ f pr9ciples already accept$1 new precepts1 or new prohibitions2 b he does n conf9e himself to su* reason+ 9 ! fulfilm5t ( 8 mission4 ,he pr(esses to h a message to give4 ,he w accr$it x by su* means z ,he supplies ,:o has s5t him ) ?is message4 ,he w1 9 ord] to op5 ! consci5ces ( 8 he>]s1 appeal to pa/ revelations :i* !y h already receiv$1 & ) :i* 8 new message is 9 ?or\gh h>mony2 b he (t5 appeals also to 8 p[] ov] nature to be> witness t ! ,"l ( nature has s5t him4 ,! ,hebrew prophet w appeal to ! tea*+ ( ! ,law1 w repeat ! old revelation ) its old un%ak5 & un%akeable precepts1 b he w n /op !re3 he w also give signs f ! ,"l to prove t he has a "r to ! title ( prophet :i* he claims4 ,arm$ ) ?is title1 he w g on to pr$ict ! com+ ( ! ,great ,re/or]1 ! ,messiah2 he w insi/ on ! judgm5t ( all ?+s1 sure to be pass$ 9 its appo9t$ day2 he w h9t at ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & ! execution ( ! ,almighty ju/ice on e man t lives4 ,x is probable en\gh t _m ( ! inf]ior religions h gr[n up ) no su* claim at all4 ,! wor%ip ( ance/ors1 :]e x has prevail$1 has v likely1 z has be5 sugge/$1 gr[n out ( dreams1 9 :i* lov+ memory has br\ght back 9 sleep vivid images ( ! dead :o 7 rev]5c$ :ile !y liv$1 & _c be readily =gott5 aft] dea?4 ,su* wor%ip b>ely atta9s to :at may be call$ 9 /rictness a religion4 ,its connexion ) ! spiritual faculty1 ! true seat ( religion1 is weak & vague4 ,x is l ! hon\r paid to a sov]eign resid+ 9 a di/ant capital1 ) only ! diff]5ce t ^? :o receive ?is wor%ip are suppos$ to reside n 9 a di/ant capital1 b 9 ano!r _w4 ,s1 too1 ! wor%ip ( feti%es1 ( trees1 ( s]p5ts1 ( ! heav5ly bodies1 :ile !y h "s ( ! inf]ior elem5ts ( religion 9 !m1 yet h>dly des]ve to be call$ religions4 ,!re is 9 !m ! s5tim5t ( fe>1 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( p]sons or "s resemblance ( p]sons imp]ceptible by ! s5ses2 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( p[]s possess$ by ^! p]sons4 ,b ! c5tral idea ( a rule ( hol9ess is ei!r altoge!r want+1 or s v feeble & indi/9ct z to conta9 no promise ( develop+ into ultimate supremacy4 ,^! religions d n (t5 lay claim to a revelation f a supreme au?ority4 ,& !y h )]$ away ) ! gr[? ( k & ) cle>] p]ceptions ( :at ,religion mu/ be if x is to exi/ at all4 ,all ! high] religions h claim$ to re/ on a div9e revelation1 & ! ,*ri/ian ,religion on a s]ies ( su* revelations4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,religion does n pr(ess 7z does = in/ance ! ,mahomm$an7 to be wrapp$ up 9 "o div9e communication made to "o man & admitt+ !reaft] ( no modifications4 ,?\gh re/+ on div9e revelation x is pr(ess$ly a developm5t1 & is ?us 9 h>mony ) ! ,creator's op]ations 9 nature4 ,:e!r we consid] :at is taught conc]n+ ! heav5ly ,moral ,law1 or conc]n+ human nature & its moral & spiritual ne$s1 or conc]n+ ,almighty ,god & ,8 deal+s ) u ,8 creatures1 x is und5iable t ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible is q diff]5t at ! end f :at x is at ! beg9n+4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t consid]$ by itself z a body ( tea*+ is su* an advance on all t prec$$ x z to be q unique 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,! ideas convey$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t are absorb$1 trans=m$1 complet$1 s z to make !m z a :ole entirely new2 & to ^! are add$ entirely new ideas suffici5t by !mselves to =m a :ole sy/em ( doctr9e4 ,& because ( ?is x is difficult to speak ( ! new tea*+ z hav+ gr[n out ( ! old4 ,b ! ,old ,te/am5t cov]s _m c5turies1 & )9 its range we c trace a /eady gr[?1 & t gr[? always ( ! same "*1 & always po9t+ t[>ds :at ! ,gospel f9ally reveal$4 ,! /r5g? ( ! moral s5tim5t 9 ! e>li] books is always assign$ to ! belief 91 & rev]5ce =1 ,almighty ,god4 ,x is evid5tly held to be m important to believe 9 ,god & to fe> ,him ?an to see ! p]fection ( ,8 hol9ess4 ,if we di/+ui% betwe5 ,religion & ,morality1 ,religion is made ! m important ( ! two4 ,x is m important to recognise t ! holy ,god exi/s & reigns ?an to see cle>ly 9 :at ,8 hol9ess1 & inde$ all hol9ess1 consi/s4 ,! s5tim5t ( rev]5ce is m important ?an ! p]ception ( t univ]sality :i* we n[ "k to be ! ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( ! ,moral ,law4 ,9 analys+ ! orig9 & nature ( ,religion 9 ! second ( ^! ,lectures1 x 0 necess>y to foll[ ! ord] ( ?\ght1 & beg9n+ ) ,duty to end ) ,god4 ,b ! ord] ( fact is n ! same4 ,9 actual fact man began ) ,god & ends ) a cle>] p]ception ( ,duty4 ,h5ce 9 all ! e>li] /ages ! morality is imp]fect4 ,! pr(an5ess ( ,esau is a s]i\s (f5ce4 ,! ung5]\s temp]1 ! unfairness & duplicity ( ,jacob are light 9 comp>ison4 ,tru? is n an ess5tial4 ,blood-%$d+ & impurity :5 9 horrible excess are treat$ z mo/ griev\s s9s2 b re/ra9$ )9 limits are easily condon$4 ,wom5 are plac$ bel[ _! true & natural place2 polygamy if n di/9ctly all[$ is c]ta9ly condon$2 divorce is p]mitt$ on "o side1 n on ! o!r4 ,slav]y is all[$ ?\gh put "u regulation4 ,b ! unity & spirituality ( ,god are gu>d$ ) ! /ronge/ sanctions1 & no?+ c\ld be said aga9/ idolatry & poly!ism n[1 9 /]n] & cle>] language ?an 0 us$ !n4 ,! rev]5ce = ,god requir$ !n 0 z great z ! rev]5ce requir$ n[4 ,b ! conception ( ! hol9ess :i* is ! ma9 object ( t rev]5ce has *ang$2 has 9 fact be5 purifi$ & cle>$4 ,& ! *ange is traceable 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! prophets tea* a high] morality ?an is f\nd 9 ! e>li] books4 ,cruelty is condemn$ z x _h n be5 be=e4 ,! hea!n are n reg>d$ z outside ,god's love1 & ! future embraces !m 9 ,8 m]cy ev5 if ! pres5t does n4 ,consci5ce beg9s to be recognis$ & appeal$ to4 ,idolatry is n m]ely =bidd51 its folly is expos$2 x is treat$ n only ) condemnation1 b ) scorn4 ,individual responsibility is insi/$ on4 ,*ildr5 are n held responsible = _! fa!rs1 ?\gh ! inh]itance ( moral evil & ( ! consequ5ces ( moral evil is nev] d5i$4 ,& ev5 tru/ 9 ,god rises to a high] level 9 ,habakkuk's decl>ation t t tru/ %all nev] be %ak5 by any calamity t may befall him1 ?an 9 ! e>li] belief t calamities w\ld nev] befall ^? :o held fa/ t tru/4 ,if we review ?is progress 9 moral tea*+ we recognise t x corresponds to ! natural & = ! mo/ "p unconsci\s work+ ( t in/9ctive te/ :i*1 z 0 po9t$ out be=e1 we apply to all moral que/ions1 ! te/ ( univ]sality4 ,! pivots ( all ! prophetical tea*+ are ! incessant inculcation ( ju/ice & m]cy2 ju/ice :i* requires u to recognise ! rights ( o!rs side by side ) our own2 m]cy :i* dem&s our sympa?y ) ! feel+s ( o!r creatures t c feel4 ,we are b\nd to recognise ! claims ( o!rs to equal treatm5t ) ourselves1 & any refusal or app>5t refusal to d s mu/ be ju/ifi$ by a univ]sal rule applicable to all alike4 ,! p]petual attempt to ju/ify exceptions 9 ?is way is sure to end 9 dim9i%+ ! numb] ( ^? exceptions4 ,if we are compell$ to ?9k mu* ( ! position ( woman 9 m>riage1 we are sure at la/ to come to ,mala*i's decl>ation t ,god hate? putt+ away4 ,if we are compell$ to ?9k ( ! position ( slaves1 we _c cont9ue = ev] to believe t !re are "s be+s ) consci5ces & free wills1 :o nev]!less1 because ( ! accid5ts ( _! lives1 h no rights at all2 & we ackn[l$ge ! righte\sness ( ,j]emiah's d5unciation ( ! brea* ( cov5ant :5 ! nobles ( ,judah re-enslav$ ^? :om !y _h solemnly emancipat$4 ,if we ?9k ( ! nature ( responsibility & ! ju/ification ( puni%m5t1 we f9d x impossible to believe t an innoc5t man %all be rightly puni%$ = ! wrong-do+ ( ano!r1 ev5 if t o!r be 8 fa!r or 8 "m2 & we are conv9c$ t ,ezekiel is speak+ ,god's words :5 he proclaims on ,god's behalf t '! s\l t s9ne? x %all die2 ! son %all n be> ! iniquity ( ! fa!r1 nei!r %all ! fa!r be> ! iniquity ( ! son4' ,& once m1 :atev] div9e purpose gave ! *os5 p a priority among all peoples 9 k ( div9e w & possession ( div9e fav\r1 x is impossible to f9d any rule by :i* ?is priority %all = ev] exclude all o!r peoples f be+ )9 ! range ( ,god's manife/$ love2 & consci5ce _c b accept z a div9e message t ! ,g5tiles also %all come to ! ,heav5ly ',light1 & _! k+s to ! brightness ( ,8 ris+4' ,s aga91 to turn f ju/ice to m]cy1 we recognise t we are b\nd to sp>e pa9 to all creatures t c feel1 & ?is duty c only be set aside by "s high] duty :i* makes t pa9 ! means to a high] moral end4 ,& if we are set by our consci5ces to seek = "s rule ( univ]sal application = ?is purpose1 x becomes p]petually cle>] t no?+ c excuse cruel puni%m5ts inflict$ on crim9als or enemies1 or h>d-he>t$ indiff]5ce to ! poor & ! weak4 ,our own nature cries out = k9dness 9 our pa91 & t v cry f )9 compels our consci5ces to li/5 to ! cry f )\t4 ,& ! d5unciations ( cruelty & oppression we recognise z we he> !m to be ! voice ( ,god4 ,b h[ev] true x be t ?is progress corresponds exactly ?r\gh\t ) ! necess>y work+ ( ! great moral pr9ciples implant$ 9 ! spiritual faculty1 x nev]!less rema9s true also t all ?is tea*+ 9 its successive /ages is giv5 by m5 :o did n pr(ess to be work+ out a philosophical sy/em1 b :o claim$ to br+ a message f ,god1 to speak by ,8 au?ority1 & 9 _m cases to be tru/$ ) special p[]s 9 pro( ( possess+ t au?ority4 ,look+ back ov] x aft]w>ds we c see t ! tea*+ 9 its successive /ages 0 a developm5t1 b x always took ! =m ( a revelation4 ,& its life 0 due to t fact4 ,z f> z x is possible to judge1 t union betwe5 ,morality & ,religion1 betwe5 duty & fai?1 )\t :i* bo? religion & morality soon )] out ( human consci5ces1 c only be secur$--has only be5 secur$--by pres5t+ spiritual tru? 9 ?is =m ( a ,revelation4 ,:5 we pass to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 all t has previ\sly be5 taught 9 ! ,old1 9 s f> z x is relat$ to ! new tea*+ at all1 is relat$ z ! bud to ! fl[]4 ,! developm5t1 if x be inde$ a developm5t1 is s great1 s sudd51 s /range1 t x seems difficult to recognise t x is a developm5t at all4 ,fir/1 ! morality is 9 =m1 if n 9 sub/ance1 absolutely new4 ,! duty ( ju/ice & m]cy is pu%$ at once to its extreme limits1 ev5 to ! l5g? ( entire self-surr5d]4 ,! disciple has 8 own rights no d\bt1 z e o!r man has 82 b he is requir$ to leave 8 rights 9 ,god's h&s & to ?9k ( ! rights ( o!rs only4 ,! highe/ place is assign$ to meekness 9 conduct & humility 9 _s4 ,! humility ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt may possibly by c>eful analysis be %[n to be id5tical at bottom ) ! magnanimity ( ,ari/otle's ,e?ics4 ,b ! pres5tation ( ! two is s utt]ly oppos$ t 9 ! effect on life ! id5tity is altoge!r lo/4 ,& z ju/ice & m]cy1 s too self-discipl9e is pu%$ z f> z x c g4 ,in/ead ( ! enjoym5t ( life be+ an integral "p ( ! aim set be=e ! w1 hung] & ?ir/ = righte\sness1 & p5it5ce = failure 9 keep+ to x1 are to fill up ! believ]'s hopes = himself4 ,( inw>d satisfaction & peace he is (t5 assur$2 b ^!1 & ^! only1 are ! means to t peace4 ,! disciple's life is to consi/ 9 be>+ ! cross1 & be>+ x *e]fully2 9 return+ good = evil1 & love = indiff]5ce & ev5 = hatr$2 9 deta*+ 8 affections f all ! pleasures to be obta9$ f ext]nal ?+s2 9 fix+ 8 tru/ & 8 love on 8 ,et]nal ,fa!r4 ,tak5 z a :ole1 ?is is q unlike all moral tea*+ t prec$$ x1 & !re is no indication t any philosophy c\ld ev] h evolv$ x4 ,x has fa/5$ on ! human consci5ce f ! day t x 0 utt]$2 & :atev] moral tea*+ s9ce has n be5 inspir$ f ?is s\rce has soon pass$ out ( p[] & be5 =gott54 ,we f9d :5 we exam9e t x exactly agrees ) ! fundam5tal tea*+ ( ! spiritual faculty :5 t tea*+ is appli$ to su* creatures z we are1 & to su* a ,god z ! ,new ,te/am5t sets be=e u4 ,b we f9d x impossible to ass]t t by any work+ ( human ?\ght ?is morality c\ld h be5 obta9$ by ! spiritual faculty unaid$4 ,on ! contr>y1 x seems m ne> ! tru? to say t we c\ld nev] h obta9$ s cle> a conception ( ! great ,moral ,law1 if ! tea*+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t _h n enlight5$ & purifi$ ! spiritual faculty itself4 ,& to ?is is to be add$ t ! moral tea*+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t recognises :at we may n[ almo/ consid] a prov$ necessity ( our nature1 or at lea/ a sure *>act]i/ic ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 t p]petual progress )\t :i* no?+ human seems to keep sweet & :olesome4 ,p]fect z ! ,new ,te/am5t morality is 9 _s1 x is nev]!less imp]fect 9 actual precepts4 ,x leaves que/ions to be solv$ "s ( :i* h n be5 solv$ yet4 ,x left slav]y unt\*$1 ?\gh assur$ly doom$4 ,x said no?+ ( patriotism4 ,x gave no cle> comm& conc]n+ ! "r use ( weal?4 ,x laid d[n no pr9ciples = ! gov]nm5t ( /ates1 ?\gh su* pr9ciples mu/ h a moral basis4 ,!re has be5 a p]petual gr[? 9 ! und]/&+ & 9 ! application ( ?is p]fect tea*+1 & !re w yet be a gr[?4 ,( no philosophical sy/em ( morals is x possible to say ! same4 ,b 9 ! second place1 ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9s n only a new morality1 x conta9s also a new acc\nt ( human nature4 ,! my/]y ( t discord :i* makes ! noble/ & be/ ( human s\ls a sc5e ( p]petual int]nal conflict is ackn[l$g$ & its c\nt]p>t 9 ,god's deal+s ) mank9d is set =?4 ,! /ruggle betwe5 ! spiritual faculty ass]t+ its due supremacy1 & ! l[] passions & appetites1 impulses & incl9ations1 is s describ$ by ,sa9t ,paul t none h ev] s9ce que/ion$ 8 description ) any effect4 ,& our ,"l's tea*+ ( our absolute dep5d5ce on ,god & helplessness )\t ,him2 & ,sa9t ,john's tea*+ t ! :ole _w1 outside ,*ri/1 'lie? 9 ! wick$ "o1' lay d[n ! same tru?4 ,& z ! my/]y ( moral evil 9 mank9d is ?us set =?1 s too ! my/]y ( ! rem$y = t evil4 ,9 ! love ( ,god %[n 9 ! ,cross ( ,*ri/1 9 our union ) ,god ?r\gh t same ,dea? ^u ! ,cross is ! p[] :i* conqu]s evil 9 ! s\l & c>ries a man ev] upw>d to spiritual heights4 ,& z all pr(\nd] ?9k]s h confess$ ! tru? ( ! acc\nt ?us giv5 ( ! int]nal contradiction ( man's moral nature1 s h all believ]s borne witness 7& only !y c\ld be> witness7 to ! acc\nt ?us giv5 ( ! solution ( t contradiction & ! r5ovation ( t nature4 ,millions h liv$ & di$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai? s9ce ! tea*+ record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 giv51 & among !m h be5 ! pure/1 ! ju/e/1 ! mo/ self-sacrific+1 ! mo/ heav5ly-m9d$ ( mank9d4 ,& !y all concur 9 say+ t ! "o /ay ( all _! spiritual lives has be5 communion ) ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,?irdly1 ! ,new ,te/am5t affirms ) a cle>ness previ\sly unkn[n ! immortality ( ! s\l & ! future gift ( t spiritual body :i* %all 9 "s way spr+ f ! natural body z ! plant gr[s f ! se$4 ,!re _h gr[n up1 no d\bt q naturally1 anticipations ( ?is doctr9e & ev] /rong] & m deeply-root$ p]suasion t x mu/ be true4 ,b x is reveal$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z x is taught n[h]e else1 & x is seal$ by ! ,resurrection ( our ,"l1 ev] s9ce !n ! hi/orical c5tre ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ,h[ exactly x h>monises ) ! tea*+ ( ! spiritual faculty ,i h po9t$ out be=e4 ,&1 la/ly1 ! ,new ,te/am5t n only tells u :at nev] 0 told be=e ( man's nature z a spiritual be+ & ( 8 de/9y h]eaft]2 x tells also :at 0 nev] told else:]e ( ! nature ( ,god & ( ! relations betwe5 ,him & ,8 creature man4 ,! unity & spirituality ( ! ,godhead s /r5u\sly insi/$ on 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is no less insi/$ on 9 ! ,new4 ,b ! my/]i\s complexity embrac$ )9 t unity1 ?\gh d>kly h9t$ at 9 ! old] tea*+1 is n[h]e cle>ly set =?1 b 9 ! latt]4 ,we may f9d anticipations ( ! tea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,john1 & ( our ,"l ,himself z record$ by ,/4 ,john1 9 ! ,book ( ,prov]bs1 9 ! ,prophets1 9 ! ,rabb9ical writ]s betwe5 ! ,prophets & ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & we c see 9 ,philo to :at ?is f9ally came unaid$ by ,revelation4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ on our ,"l's nature & on ! ,inc>nation is di/9ct f all ?is4 ,& x is 9 ! ,*ri/ian =m1 & only 9 t =m1 t ! doctr9e has satisfi$ ! spiritual ne$s ( ! great mass ( believ]s4 ,n[ !re _c be any d\bt t ! hold :i* ?is tea*+ has _h ^u mank9d has dep5d$ entirely on ! extraord9>y degree 9 :i* ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible has satisfi$ ! consci5ce4 ,)\t t no miracles h[ev] ov]:elm+ly atte/$1 no ext]nal evid5ce ( :atev] k9d1 c\ld h compell$ intellects ( ! highe/ rank1 side by side ) ! mo/ uncultivat$ & ! mo/ b>r51 to accept x z div9e1 nor c\ld any?+ else h s (t5 rek9dl$ its old fire at times :5 fai? 9 x _h app>5tly )]$ away4 ,! tea*+ ( ! ,bible has always f\nd & mu/ always f9d its ma9 evid5ce )9 ! human s\l4 ,& ! fact t ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible1 ?\gh :5 exam9$ aft]w>ds x turns out to be developm5t or evolution1 yet 0 always giv5 at ! "t z a revelation1 s f> f dim9i%+ ! =ce ( ?is int]nal evid5ce adds to x /ill m =ce ?an x w\ld o!rwise h4 ,= :at und]lies ! v conception ( revelation is ! doctr9e t all progress 9 high] spiritual k is b\nd up ) consci\s communion ) ,god4 ,n[ x is an exp]i5ce common to all believ]s t 9 t communion is to be f\nd n only all /r5g? b all enlight5m5t also4 ,! believ] kn[s t he le>ns spiritual tru? 9 proportion z he ref]s 8 life to ,god's judgm5t1 prays to ,god = cle>] vision ( :at is duty & :at is "r fai?1 & makes x 8 "o great aim to d ,god's w4 ,he uses all ! faculties t ,god has giv5 him to und]/& ! great div9e law2 b he p]petually looks to ,god = in/ruction1 & :atev] else may be said ( t in/ruction 8 exp]i5ce tells him t 8 advance 9 spiritual k is 9 proportion to 8 ne>ness 9 ?\ght & feel+ to ,god ,himself4 ,t ! progress ( ! human race 9 spiritual k1 unlike progress 9 sci5tific k1 %\ld be due n to ?9k]s intellectually gift$1 b to ,prophets & ,apo/les inspir$ by ,god1 ?us exactly corresponds ) :at ! spiritually-m9d$ man f9ds )9 8 own s\l4 ,& s too does x correspond ) :at he sees 9 o!rs4 ,(t5 & (t5 ! unle>n$ & untra9$ by %e] goodness ( life atta9 to wond]ful p]ception ( spiritual tru?1 & ! hol9ess ( ! unlett]$ peasant reveals to 8 consci5ce ! law ( "r conduct 9 circum/ances :i* p]plex ! discipl9$ & well in=m$4 ,z ! human race has le>nt ! highe/ spiritual tru? by direct communication f ,god1 s too on communion ) ,god f> m ?an on intellectual p[]1 dep5ds ! progress ( spiritual k 9 e human s\l4 ,b ?\gh ! hold ( ! ,bible on ! fai? ( believ]s unque/ionably dep5ds on its satisfy+ ! consci5ce 9 e /age ( its enlight5m5t1 x is equally c]ta9 t ^? :o gave ! messages record$ 9 ! ,bible claim$ some?+ m z pro( ( _! au?ority ?an ! approval ( ! consci5ce ( _! he>]s4 ,!y pr(ess$ to prove _! mission by ! evid5ce ( sup]natural p[]s2 & ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible _c be dissociat$ f ! miracul\s elem5t 9 x :i* is connect$ ) t tea*+4 ,if1 inde$1 ! ,old ,te/am5t /ood alone we might ackn[l$ge t ! miracul\s elem5t 9 x occupi$ comp>atively s small a place1 & 0 s sep>able f ! re/1 & ! evid5ce = x 0 s r>ely1 if ev]1 contemporane\s1 t x might be left out ( c\nt4 ,b we _c say ?is ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 nor 9 p>ticul> ( ! acc\nt t has rea*$ u ( ! say+s & do+s ( our ,"l4 ,! miracles are emb$d$ 91 are inde$ int]tw9$ )1 ! n>rative4 ,_m ( our ,"l's mo/ *>act]i/ic say+s are s associat$ ) n>ratives ( miracles t ! two _c be torn ap>t3 ',i h n se5 s great fai?1 no1 n 9 ,israel2' ',my ,fa!r worke? hi!rto1 & ,i "w2' ',son1 ?y s9s be =giv5 !e2' ',bew>e ( ! leav5 ( ! ,ph>isees & ! ,sadducees2' ',x is n meet to take ! *ildr5's bread & ca/ x to dogs2' ',?is k9d goe? n out b by pray] & fa/+2' ',7 !re n t5 cleans$1 b :]e are ! n9e8' ',s9 no m1 le/ a worse ?+ come unto !e4' ,9 fact1 !re c be no real d\bt t our ,"l believ$ t ,he c\ld "w miracles1 & pr(ess$ to "w !m1 & t ,8 disciples believ$ t ,he work$ _m1 & includ$ t fact 9 _! mean+ :5 !y spoke ( ,him z go+ ab\t do+ good4 ,& ^! disciples pr(ess$ to "w miracles !mselves & believ$ t !y did "w !m4 ,x is ( c\rse true t !y _h no /rictly sci5tific conception ( a miracle1 & w\ld (t5 h call$ by t "n :at 0 9 reality extraord9>y b n miracul\s4 ,& x is true too t1 if we take ea* miracle by itself1 !re is b "o miracle1 namely our ,"l's ,resurrection1 = :i* cle> & unmi/akeable & suffici5t evid5ce is giv54 ,b :ile ! exclusion ( any "o miracle z insuffici5tly atte/$ is possible1 ! exclusion ( ! miracul\s elem5t altoge!r is n possible )\t a complete surr5d] ( ! position tak5 by ! fir/ ,*ri/ian tea*]s4 ,z !y claim$ to be inspir$ & to h enlight5m5t :i* 0 n %>$ by mank9d at l>ge1 s did !y claim1 if n ea* = himself1 yet c]ta9ly = our ,"l1 p[] n %>$ by ord9>y m51 p[] to /ep out ( ! ord9>y c\rse ( natural ev5ts1 &1 :e!r by virtue ( "s high] law op]ative only 9 r>e in/ances1 or by direct int]f]5ce ( ! ,almighty1 to prove a div9e mission by exhibit+ 9 fact :at is an ess5tial "p ( ! supremacy ( ! ,moral ,law1 ! dom9ion ( t ,law ov] ! physical _w4 ,! tea*]s ( o!r religions besides ! ,*ri/ian h claim$ sup]natural p[]s1 & h pr(ess$ to give a sup]natural message4 ,?is is a /rong evid5ce ( ! deep-seat$ ne$ 9 ! human s\l = su* a direct communication f ,god to man4 ,m5 seem to ne$ x s mu* t )\t x !y are unable to accept ! tru?1 or to hold x long if !y d accept x4 ,all :o ?us claim sup]natural au?ority mu/1 ( c\rse1 ju/ify _! claim4 ,!y mu/ ju/ify _! message to ! human consci5ce4 ,:at !y tea* mu/ be an advance t[>ds1 & f9ally an expression (1 ! ,supreme ,moral ,law4 ,& if !y pr(ess to h miracul\s p[] !y mu/ give reasonable evid5ce t su* p[] is really !irs4 ,b if !y fail 9 ?is1 /ill ! fact rema9s t _! v claim mu/ answ] to some?+ 9 ! spiritual nature ( man1 or x w\ld n be s inv>iably made nor s l>gely successful4 ,x seems z if1 :atev] may be ! gr\nd ( belief :5 once revelation has p5etrat$ into ! s\l1 ! ex]cise ( sup]natural p[] 0 ne$$ to procure t access 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,we believe because we f9d our consci5ces satisfi$1 & we br+ up our *ildr5 9 su* discipl9e ( consci5ce t !y too %all h suffici5t tra9+ to recognise & hold fa/ div9e tru?4 ,& if we _h liv$ at ! "t & c\ld h _h our eyes op5$ to see ! spiritual p[] ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?1 we might h believ$ )\t any ext]nal evid5ce at all4 ,b ! fir/ receiv]s ( ! message1 to :om ! revelation 0 new1 &1 z mu/ h (t5 happ5$ & we actually "k did happ51 to :om x 0 h>d to reconcile t revelation ) previ\s tea*+1 h[ sure 7 !y to ne$ "s o!r & out] evid5ce t x really came f ,god4 ,! sup]natural 9 ! =m ( miracles c nev] be ! highe/ k9d ( evid5ce1 c nev] /& alone z evid5ce2 b x seems to h be5 ne$$ = ! fir/ reception4 ,& !re seem to be m9ds t ne$ x /ill1 & to all x is a help to f9d t reasonable gr\nd c be %[n = hold+ t su* evid5ce 0 orig9ally giv54 ,revelation1 9 %ort1 takes a high] /& ?an belongs to all o!r tea*+1 & except = its hav+ tak5 t high] /& x does n appe> t ! highe/ tea*+ w\ld h be5 possible4 ,to look back aft]w>ds & say t we f9d a developm5t or an evolution is easy4 ,& at fir/ sight x seems to foll[ t1 be+ an evolution1 x may well be no m ?an ! outcome ( ! work+ ( ! natural =ces4 ,b look clos] & y see ! und5iable fact t all ^! developm5ts by ! work+ ( natural =ces h p]i%$4 ,n ,socrates1 nor ,plato1 nor ,ari/otle1 nor ! ,/oics1 nor ,philo h be5 able to lay hold ( mank9d1 nor h _! moral sy/ems 9 any l>ge degree satisfi$ our spiritual faculty4 ,revelation1 & revelation alone1 has taught u2 & x is f ! tea*+ ( revelation t m5 h obta9$ ! v k :i* "s n[ use to %[ t !re 0 no ne$ ( revelation4 ,t altruism :i* is n[ to displace ! comm& ( ,god is no?+ b ! tea*+ ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt robb$ ( its heav5ly p[]1 robb$ ( ! great doctr9e :i* und]lies ! :ole s]mon4 ,= t doctr9e is ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god :i* has be5 %[n mo/ especially 9 ?is1 t f ! beg9n+ ,he has nev] =gott5 ,8 *ildr54 ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,app>5t ,,collision ,,betwe5 ,,religion ,,& ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,evolution4 ,evolution exam9$4 ,! =mation ( ! habitable _w4 ,! =mation ( ! creatures :i* inhabit x4 ,transmission ( *>act]i/ics4 ,v>iations p]petually introduc$4 ,natural selection4 ,on ! o!r side1 life n yet acc\nt$ = by ,evolution4 ,cause ( v>iations n yet exam9$4 ,moral ,law incapable ( be+ evolv$4 ,acc\nt giv5 9 ,g5esis n at v>iance ) doctr9e ( ,evolution4 ,evolution ( man n inconsi/5t ) dignity ( humanity4 ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,app>5t ,,collision ,,betwe5 ,,religion ,,& ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,evolution4 ',"k ye t ! ,"l ,he is ,god3 x is ,he t ha? made u1 & n we ourselves4' ,psalm c4 #c4 ,religion is root$ 9 our spiritual nature & its fundam5tal tru?s are z indep5d5t ( exp]i5ce = _! hold on our consci5ces z ! tru?s ( ma!matics = _! hold on our reason4 ,b z a matt] ( fact ,religion has tak5 ! =m ( a revelation4 ,& ?is introduces a new contact betwe5 ,religion & ,sci5ce1 & ( necessity a new possibility ( collision4 ,!re is n only possible opposition or app>5t opposition ( ,sci5ce 9 :at is reveal$1 9 :at we may call ! actual sub/ance ( ! revelation2 b also 9 ! accessories & evid5ces ( ! revelation1 :i* may be no actual "p ( ! revelation itself1 b nev]!less are1 to all appe>ance1 insep>ably b\nd up ) x4 ,x is !re=e no m ?an might h be5 expect$ t ! g5]al po/ulate ( ! uni=mity ( nature %\ld appe> to be contrav5$ by ! claim to sup]natural p[] made on behalf ( revelation1 & t ! special1 b j at pres5t lead+ sci5tific doctr9e1 ! doctr9e ( ,evolution1 %\ld be f\nd inconsi/5t ) p>ts1 or :at appe> to be p>ts1 ( ! revelation itself4 ,& we h to consid] ! two que/ions1 ,:at has ,revelation to say conc]n+ ,evolution8 & :at has ,sci5ce to say conc]n+ ,miracles8 ,conc]n+ ,evolution1 we h fir/ to consid] h[ mu* 9 ?is direction has be5 made fairly probable1 & :at /ill rema9s to be det]m9$4 ,x _c !n be well d5i$ t ! a/ronom]s & geologi/s h made x exce$+ly probable t ?is e>? on :i* we live has be5 br\ght to its pres5t condition by pass+ ?r\gh a succession ( *anges f an orig9al /ate ( great heat & fluidity1 p]haps ev5 f a mixture ma9ly consi/+ ( gases2 t su* a body z ! planet ,jupit] repres5ts "o ( ! /ages ?r\gh :i* x has pass$1 t su* a body z ! moon repres5ts a /age t[>d :i* x is t5d+2 t x has %runk z x cool$1 & z x %rank has =m$ ! elevations :i* we call m\nta9s1 & ! depressions :i* conta9 ! seas & oceans2 t x has be5 worn by ! action ( heat f )9 & wat] f )\t1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ?is action pres5ts ! appe>ance :5 exam9$ bel[ ! surface ( successive /rata or lay]s2 t diff]5t k9ds ( animal & vegetable life h foll[$ "o ano!r on ! surface1 & t "s ( _! rema9s are f\nd 9 ^! /rata n[2 & t all ?is has tak5 enorm\s p]iods ( "t4 ,all ?is is exce$+ly probable1 because x is ! way 9 :i*1 z ,laplace fir/ po9t$ out1 "u well-e/abli%$ sci5tific laws ( matt]1 p>ticul>ly ! law ( gravitation & ! law ( ! radiation ( heat1 a great fluid mass w\ld necess>ily *ange4 ,& ! :ole sol> sy/em may & probably did come into its pres5t condition 9 ?is way4 ,x c]ta9ly c\ld h be5 s =m$1 & !re is no reason = suppos+ t x 0 =m$ 9 any o!r way4 ,once m1 if we beg91 z x 71 at ! o!r end1 & trace ?+s backw>ds f ! pres5t1 in/ead ( =w>ds f ! remote pa/1 x _c be d5i$ t ,d>w9's inve/igations h made x exce$+ly probable t ! va/ v>iety ( plants & animals h sprung f a mu* small] numb] ( orig9al =ms4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! unity ( plan :i* c be f\nd p]vad+ any great class ( animals or plants seems to po9t to unity ( ance/ry4 ,:y1 = in/ance1 %\ld ! v]tebrate animals be =m$ on a common plan1 ! p>ts ( ! framework be+ v>i$ f species to species1 b ! framework z a :ole always exhibit+ ! same fundam5tal type8 ,if !y all desc5d$ f a common ance/or1 & ! v>iations 7 introduc$ 9 ! c\rse ( t desc5t1 ?is rem>kable fact is at once acc\nt$ =4 ,b1 9 ! second place1 obs]vation %[s t slight v>iations ,,are p]petually be+ introduc$ ) e successive g5]ation1 & _m ( ^! v>iations are transmitt$ to ! g5]ations t foll[4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 !re=e1 f any "o p>5t /ock w\ld desc5d a v l>ge v>iety ( k9ds4 ,b if1 9 ! ?ird place1 x be ask$ :y ?is v>iety does n range by imp]ceptible degrees f extreme =ms 9 "o direction to extreme =ms 9 ! o!r1 ! answ] is to be f\nd 9 ! enorm\s prodigality & ! equally enorm\s wa/e ( life & liv+ creatures4 ,plants & animals produce f> m desc5dants ?an ev] come ev5 to su* maturity z to reproduce _! k9d4 ,& ?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) ! l[] =ms ( life4 ,eggs & se$s & g]ms are de/roy$ by millions1 & s 9 a less b /ill enorm\s proportion are ! "y t come f ^? t h n be5 de/roy$4 ,!re is no wa/e l ! wa/e ( life t is to be se5 9 nature4 ,liv+ creatures are de/roy$ by lack ( fit n\ri%m5t1 by lack ( means ( reproduction1 by accid5ts1 by enemies4 ,! inevitable op]ation ( ?is wa/e1 z ,d>w9's inve/igation %[$1 has be5 to de/roy all ^? v>ieties :i* 7 n well fitt$ to _! surr\nd+s1 & to keep ^? t 74 ,"o species ( animal has be5 pres]v$ by l5g? ( neck1 :i* enabl$ x to rea* high-gr[+ fruits & leaves2 ano!r by a ?ick] sk91 :i* made x difficult = enemies to dev\r2 ano!r by a col\r :i* made x easi] to hide4 ,"o plant has be5 pres]v$ by a bright fl[] :i* attract$ insects to c>ry its poll5 to o!r fl[]s ( its k9d2 ano!r by a sweet fruit :i* attract$ birds to scatt] its se$4 ,mean:ile o!r animals & plants t _h n ^! advantages p]i%$ = ! lack ( !m4 ,! result w\ld be to ma9ta91 & p]petually1 ?\gh ) exce$+ sl[ness1 m & m to adapt to ! conditions ( _! life1 ^? species ^: peculi>ities gave !m "s advantage 9 ! great /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,"h aga9 we h ! work+ ( kn[n laws ( life1 capable ( acc\nt+ = :at we see4 ,& ! high probability _c be d5i$ t by evolution ( ?is k9d ! pres5t races ( liv+ creatures h be5 =m$4 ,& to ^! argum5ts ! /ronge/ corroboration is giv5 by ! frequ5t occurr5ce1 bo? 9 plants & animals1 ( useless p>ts :i* /ill rema9 z indications ( organs t once 7 useful & h long become useless4 ,animals t n[ live p]man5tly 9 ! d>k h abortive eyes :i* _c see1 b indicate an ance/or ) eyes t c\ld see4 ,animals t nev] walk h abortive legs hidd5 "u _! sk91 useless n[ b indicat+ :at 0 useful once4 ,our k no d\bt 9 ?is z 9 any o!r prov9ce ( nature is b ! m]e/ fraction ( :at may be kn[n !re94 ,b !re is no evid5ce :atev] to %[ t :at we h obs]v$ is n a fair sample ( ! :ole4 ,& s tak+ x1 we f9d t ! mass ( evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! evolution ( plants & animals is enorm\sly great & increas+ daily4 ,grant+ !n ! high probability ( ! two !ories ( ,evolution1 t :i* beg9s ) ,laplace & expla9s ! way 9 :i* ! e>? 0 fitt$ to be ! habitation ( liv+ creatures1 & t :i* owes its "n to ,d>w9 & gives an acc\nt ( ! =mation ( ! liv+ creatures n[ exi/+1 we h to see :at limitations & modifications are necess>ily atta*$ to our complete acceptance ( bo?4 ,fir/1 !n1 at ! v meet+ po9t ( ^! two evolutions we h ! important fact t all ! evid5ce t we possess up to ! pres5t day negatives ! op9ion t life is a m]e evolution f inorganic matt]4 ,we "k p]fectly well ! con/itu5ts ( all liv+ sub/ances4 ,we "k t ! fundam5tal mat]ial ( all plants & all animals is a comp\nd call$ protoplasm1 or t1 9 o!r words1 organic matt] 9 all its imm5se v>iety ( =ms is no?+ b protoplasm v>i\sly modifi$4 ,& we "k ! con/itu5t elem5ts ( ?is protoplasm1 & _! proportions1 & ! temp]atures )9 :i* protoplasm z su* c exi/4 ,b we are q p[]less to make x1 or to %[ h[ x is made1 or to detect nature 9 ! act ( mak+ x4 ,all ! evid5ce we h po9ts to "o conclusion only1 t life is ! result ( antec$5t life1 & is producible on no o!r conditions4 ,repeat$ly h sci5tific obs]v]s believ$ t !y h come on in/ances ( spontane\s g5]ation1 b fur!r exam9ation has inv>iably %[n t !y h be5 mi/ak54 ,we c put ! necess>y elem5ts toge!r1 b we _c supply ! necess>y bond by :i* !y are to be made to live4 ,nay1 we _c ev5 recall t bond :5 x has once be5 dissolv$4 ,we c take liv+ protoplasm & we c kill x4 ,x w be protoplasm /ill1 s f> z our be/ *emi/ry c discov]1 b x w be dead protoplasm1 & we _c make x live aga92 & z f> z we "k nature c no m make x live ?an we c4 ,x c be us$ z food = liv+ creatures1 animals or plants1 & s its sub/ance c be tak5 up by liv+ protoplasm & made to %>e 9 ! life :i* ?us consumes x2 b life ( its own x _c obta94 ,n[ "h1 z x seems1 ! acceptance ( ! two evolutions l&s u 9 acceptance ( a miracle4 ,! creation ( life is unacc\nt$ =4 ,& x mu* m exactly answ]s to :at we mean by a miracle ?an x did "u ! old !ory ( creation be=e ,evolution 0 made a sci5tific doctr9e4 ,= "u t old !ory ! creation ( liv+ creatures /ood on ! same foot+ z ! creation ( metals or o!r inorganic sub/ances4 ,x 0 "p ( t beg9n+ :i* _h to be tak5 = grant$1 & :i* = t reason lay outside ( ! doma9 ( ,sci5ce altoge!r4 ,b if we accept ! two evolutions1 ! creation ( life1 if unacc\nt$ =1 pres5ts itself z a direct int]f]5ce 9 ! actual hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,!re c\ld h be5 no life :5 ! e>? 0 no?+ b a mass ( int5sely heat$ fluid4 ,!re came a "t :5 ! e>? became ready = life to exi/ ^u x4 ,& ! life came1 & no laws ( inorganic matt] c acc\nt = its com+4 ,z x /&s ?is is a great miracle4 ,& f ?is conclusion ! only escape t has be5 sugge/$ is to suppose t life came 9 on a meteoric /one f "s already =m$ habitable _w2 a supposition :i* transf]s ! miracle to ano!r sc5e1 b leaves x z great a miracle z be=e4 ,nor1 if x 0 a miracle1 c we d5y t !re 0 a purpose 9 x wor?y ( miracul\s int]f]5ce4 ,= :at purpose c rank side by side ) ! exi/5ce & developm5t ( life1 ! prim>y condition ( all moral & spiritual exi/5ce & action 9 ?is _w8 ,9 ! introduction ( life 0 wrapp$ up all t we value & all t we v5]ate 9 ! :ole creation4 ,! inf9ite sup]iority1 n 9 degree only1 b 9 k9d1 ( ! liv+ to ! lifeless1 ( a man to a /one1 ju/ifies u 9 believ+ t ! ma9 purpose ( ! creation t we see 0 to supply a dwell+-place & a sc5e ( action = liv+ be+s4 ,we _c say t ! dignity ( ! ,moral ,law requires t creatures to be made p>tak]s 9 ! k ( x1 & ev5 creatures ( a l[] nature b ak9 to !m1 mu/ h be5 ! results ( a sep>ate & miracul\s act ( creation4 ,b we c say t !re is a congruity 9 su* a miracle1 ) ! moral purpose ( all ! _w1 ( :i* we are a "p1 t removes all difficulty 9 believ+ x4 ,sci5ce1 z su*1 _c admit a miracle1 & c only say1 ',"h is a puzzle yet unsolv$4' ,nor c ! mo/ religi\s sci5tific man be blam$ z undutiful to religion if he p]si/s 9 endeav\r+ to solve ! puzzle4 ,b he has no "r to insi/ be=eh& t ! puzzle is c]ta9ly soluble2 = t he _c "k1 & ! evid5ce is aga9/ him4 ,secondly1 if we look at ! ,d>w9ian !ory by itself1 we see at once t x is incomplete1 & ! consid]ation ( ?is incomplet5ess gravely modifies ! conclusion :i* w\ld o!rwise be rightly drawn f x1 & :i*1 inde$1 ,d>w9 himself seems dispos$ to draw4 ,= ! !ory re/s on two ma9 pill>s1 ! transmission ( *>act]i/ics f prog5itor to prog5y1 & ! introduction ( m9ute v>iations 9 ! prog5y ) ea* successive g5]ation4 ,n[1 ! =m] ( ^! may be said to be well e/abli%$1 & we recognise x z a law ( life t all plants & animals propagate _! own k9d4 ,b ! latt] has1 z yet1 be5 h>dly exam9$ at all4 ,ea* new g5]ation %[s special slight v>iations4 ,b :at causes ^! v>iations8 & :at det]m9es :at !y %all be8 ,9 ,d>w9's inve/igations ^! que/ions are n t\*$4 ,! v>iations are treat$ z if !y 7 q indef9ite 9 numb] & 9 nature4 ,he conc]ns himself only ) ! effect ( ^! v>iations aft] !y h appe>$4 ,"s h ! effect ( giv+ ! plant or animal an advantage 9 ! /ruggle ( life2 "s give no su* advantage2 "s are hurtful4 ,& h5ce foll[s ! p]man5t pres]vation or spe$y de/ruction ( ! plants & animals !mselves4 ,b we are b\nd to look n only to _! effects b to _! causes1 if ! !ory is to be complet$4 ,& !n we _c fail to see t ^! v>iations 9 ! prog5y _c be due to some?+ 9 ! prog5itors1 or o!rwise ! v>iations w\ld be all alike1 :i* !y c]ta9ly are n4 ,!y mu/1 !re=e1 be due to ext]nal circum/ances4 ,^! slight v>iations are produc$ by ! action ( ! surr\nd+s1 by ! food1 by ! temp]ature1 by ! v>i\s accid5ts ( life 9 ! prog5itors4 ,n[1 :5 we see ?is1 we see also h[ gravely x modifies ! conclusions :i* we h to draw conc]n+ ! ance/ry ( any species n[ exi/+4 ,let u take1 = in/ance1 ! great ord] ( v]tebrate animals4 ,at fir/ sight ! ,d>w9ian !ory seems to indicate t all ^! animals are desc5d$ f "o pair or "o individual1 & t _! unity ( con/ruction is due to t fact2 b if we g back 9 ?\ght to ! "t at :i* ! special peculi>ities 7 introduc$ :i* really con/itut$ ! ord] & sep>at$ x f o!r animals1 we see t x is by no means cle> t x orig9at$ ) "o pair or ) "o individual1 & t1 on ! contr>y1 ! probabilities are ! o!r way4 ,al?\gh ! sep>ation ( ?is ord] f ! re/ mu/ h tak5 place v e>ly1 x _c well h tak5 place until millions ( animals _h already come into exi/5ce4 ,! prodigality ( nature 9 multiply+ animal life is fully ackn[l$g$ by ,d>w91 & t prodigality is app>5tly greate/ 9 ! l[e/ & mo/ =mless type ( animal4 ,!re be+1 !n1 ^! _m millions ( liv+ creatures 9 exi/5ce1 ! ext]nal surr\nd+s introduce into !m _m v>iations1 & among ^! ! special v>iations to :i* ! v]tebrate type is due4 ,x is q cle> t :]ev] ! ext]nal surr\nd+s 7 ! same or ne>ly ! same1 ! v>iations introduc$ w\ld be ! same or ne>ly ! same4 ,n[1 x is f> m probable t ext]nal surr\nd+s %\ld be ! same or ne>ly ! same 9 _m places ?an t ea* spot %\ld be absolutely unlike e o!r spot 9 ^! p>ticul>s4 ,! beg9n+s ( ! v]tebrate ord] w\ld %[ !mselves simultane\sly1 or at any rate indep5d5tly1 9 _m places :]ev] ext]nal conditions 7 suffici5tly simil>4 ,& ! unity ( ! plan 9 ! v]tebrata w\ld be due1 n to absolute unity ( ance/ry1 b to unity ( ext]nal conditions at a p>ticul> epo* 9 ! desc5t ( life4 ,h5ce x foll[s t ! sep>ation ( animals into ord]s & g5]a & ev5 into species took place1 if n = ! mo/ "p yet v l>gely1 at a v e>ly p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( organic evolution4 ,( c\rse ! desc5dants ( any "o ( ! orig9al v]tebrata might1 & probably 9 n a few cases did1 bran* (f into new subdivisions & yet aga9 into fur!r subdivisions1 & we are always ju/ifi$ 9 look+ = unity ( ance/ry among all ! species4 ,b x is also q possible t any species may be regul>ly desc5d$1 )\t bran*+ (f at all1 f "o ( ! orig9als1 & t o!r species t resemble x may owe ! resemblance simply to v great simil>ity ( ext]nal conditions4 ,to f9d1 = in/ance1 ! unity ( ance/ry betwe5 man & ! o!r animals1 x w c]ta9ly be necess>y to g back to a po9t 9 ! hi/ory ( life :5 liv+ creatures 7 z yet =mless1 undevelop$--! mat]ials1 z we may call !m1 ( ! animal creation z we n[ see x1 & n 9 any b a /rictly sci5tific s5se1 :at we mean :5 we ord9>ily speak ( animals4 ,! true settlem5t ( su* que/ions z ^! c only be obta9$ :5 long & pati5t /udy %all h complet$ ,d>w9's inve/igations by det]m9+ "u :at laws & )9 :at limits ! slight v>iations :i* *>act]ise ea* individual animal or plant are cong5itally introduc$ into its /ructure4 ,z ?+s /& ! probabilities c]ta9ly are t a creature ) su* especial *>act]i/ics z man has _h a hi/ory altoge!r ( 8 own1 if n f ! beg9n+ ( all life ^u ! globe1 yet f a v e>ly p]iod 9 ! developm5t ( t life4 ,he resembles c]ta9 o!r animals v closely 9 ! /ructure ( 8 body2 b ! "p :i* ext]nal conditions _h to play 9 ! e>lie/ /ages ( evolution ( life mu/ h be5 s exce$+ly l>ge t id5tity or close simil>ity 9 ^! ext]nal conditions may well acc\nt = ^! resemblances4 ,& ! enorm\s gap :i* sep>ates 8 nature f t ( all o!r creatures kn[n1 indicates an exce$+ly e>ly diff]5ce ( orig94 ,la/ly1 x is q impossible to evolve ! ,moral ,law out ( any?+ b itself4 ,attempts h be5 made1 & _m m w no d\bt be made1 to trace ! orig9 ( ! spiritual faculty to a developm5t ( ! o!r faculties4 ,& x is to be expect$ t great success w ultimately att5d ! endeav\rs to %[ ! gr[? ( all ! subord9ate p[]s ( ! s\l4 ,t our emotions1 t our impulses1 t our affections %\ld h _h a hi/ory1 & t _! pres5t work+ %\ld be ! result ( t hi/ory1 has no?+ 9 x improbable4 ,!re c be no "q t we inh]it ^! ?+s v l>gely1 & t !y are also v l>gely due to special peculi>ities ( con/itution 9 ea* individual4 ,t l>ge "p ( u :i* is rightly assign$ to our nature z di/9ct f our own w & our own free action1 x is p]fectly reasonable to f9d subject to laws ( ,evolution4 ,mu* ( ?is nature1 inde$1 we %>e ) ! l[] animals4 ,!y1 too1 c love2 c be angry or pleas$2 c put affection above appetite2 c %[ g5]osity & nobility ( _s2 c be pati5t1 p]sev]+1 t5d]1 self-sacrific+2 c take delight 9 society3 & "s c ev5 organise x1 & ?us ent] on a k9d ( civilisation4 ,! dog & ! horse1 man's fai?ful s]vants & companions1 %[ emotions & affections ris+ z f> z m]e emotions & affections c rise to ! human level4 ,ants %[ an advance 9 ! arts ( life well comp>able to our own4 ,if ! b>e animal nature is ?us capable ( su* high atta9m5ts by ! m]e work+ ( natural =ces1 x is to be expect$ t simil> =ces 9 mank9d %\ld be f\nd to "w "u simil> laws4 ,we are n spiritual be+s only1 we are animals1 & :atev] nature has done = o!r animals we may expect x to h done & to be do+ = u4 ,& if _! nature is capable ( evolution1 s too %\ld ours be4 ,& ! /udy ( su* evolution ( our own nature is likely to be ( ! greate/ value4 ,?is nature is ! ma9 in/rum5t1 put into ! grasp z x 7 ( t spiritual faculty :i* is our inmo/ ess5ce1 to be us$ 9 mak+ our :ole life an (f]+ to ,god4 ,x is good to "k :at c be done ) ?is in/rum5t & :at _c2 h[ x has be5 =m$ 9 ! pa/1 & may be /ill fur!r =m$ = ! future4 ,x is good to /udy ! evolution ( humanity4 ,b all ?is does n t\* ! spiritual faculty itself1 nor ! ,moral ,law :i* t faculty proclaims to u4 ,! ess5ce ( t law is its univ]sality2 & out ( all ?is developm5t1 :5 c>ri$ to its v p]fection1 ! conception ( su* univ]sality _c be obta9$4 ,no?+ 9 ?is evolution ev] rises to ! height ( a law :i* %all b9d ev5 ,god ,himself & enable ,abraham to say1 ',%all n ! ,judge ( all ! e>? d "r8' ,! v ^w "r 9 ?is1 its fulness ( mean+1 _c be us$4 ,evolution may lead ! creature to say :at is hateful & :at is loveable1 :at is pa9ful & :at is delightful1 :at is to be fe>$ & :at is to be s\ght2 x may develope ! s5tim5t :i* comes ne>e/ ( all to ! s5tim5t ( rev]5ce1 namely1 ! s5tim5t ( %ame2 b x _c reveal ! et]nal "* ( ! di/9ction betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,nay1 !re may be1 z 0 po9t$ out 9 ! la/ ,lecture1 an evolution 9 our k ev5 ( ! ,moral ,law1 j z !re is an evolution 9 our k ( ma!matics4 ,! fulness ( its mean+ c become cle>] & ev] cle>] z g5]ation le>ns f g5]ation4 ,b ! pr9ciple ( ! ,moral ,law1 its univ]sality1 its supremacy1 _c come out ( any developm5t ( human nature any m ?an ! necessity ( ma!matical tru? c s come4 ,x /&s n on exp]i5ce1 & is its own evid5ce4 ,nor inde$ h any ( ! attempts to %[ t ev]y?+ 9 man 7religion includ$7 is ! product ( ,evolution ev] t\*$ ! "q h[ ?is conception ( univ]sal supremacy comes 94 ,x is treat$ z if x 7 an unau?oris$ ext5sion f our own exp]i5ce to :at lies beyond all exp]i5ce4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is to d5y ! ess5ce ( ! ,moral ,law altoge!r3 t ,law is univ]sal or x is no?+4 ,n[1 :5 we comp>e ! acc\nt ( ! creation & ( man giv5 by ! doctr9e ( ,evolution ) t giv5 9 ! ,bible1 we see at once t ! two are 9 diff]5t regions4 ,! purpose ( giv+ ! acc\nts is diff]5t2 ! _s & "* ( ! acc\nts is diff]5t2 ! details are altoge!r diff]5t4 ,! comp>ison mu/ take note ( ! diff]5ce ( _s & aim be=e x c proce$ at all4 ,x is !n q c]ta91 & ev5 ^? :o cont5d = ! lit]al int]pretation ( ?is "p ( ! ,bible w g5]ally admit1 t ! purpose ( ! revelation is n to tea* ,sci5ce at all4 ,x is to tea* great spiritual & moral lessons1 & x takes ! facts ( nature z !y appe> to ord9>y p4 ,:5 ! creation ( man is m5tion$ !re is cle>ly no int5tion to say by :at processes ?is creation 0 effect$1 or h[ mu* "t x took to "w out ^? processes4 ,! n>rative is n t\*$ by ! "q1 ,0 ?is a s+le act done 9 a mom5t1 or a process la/+ ?r\gh millions ( ye>s8 ,! writ] ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis sees ! e>? peopl$1 z we may say1 by _m v>ieties ( plants & animals4 ,he ass]ts t ,god made !m all1 & made !m resemble ea* o!r & diff] f ea* o!r4 ,he kn[s no?+ & says no?+ ( ! means us$ to produce _! resemblances or _! diff]5ces4 ,he takes !m z he sees !m1 & speaks ( _! creation z ,god's "w4 ,_h he be5 commission$ to tea* 8 p ! sci5ce ( ! matt]1 he w\ld h _h to put a mo/ s]i\s ob/acle 9 ! way ( _! fai?4 ,!y w\ld h f\nd x almo/ impossible to believe 9 a process ( creation s utt]ly unlike all _! own exp]i5ce4 ,& x w\ld h be5 q useless to !m besides1 s9ce _! sci5ce 0 n 9 su* a condition z to enable !m to coord9ate ?is doctr9e ) any o!r4 ,z sci5ce x w\ld h be5 dead2 & z spiritual tru? x w\ld h be5 a h9drance4 ,b he _h1 nev]!less1 great ideas to communicate1 & we c read !m /ill4 ,he _h to tea* t ! _w z we see x1 & all !re9 conta9$1 0 creat$ out ( no?+2 & t ! spiritual1 & n ! mat]ial1 0 ! s\rce ( all exi/5ce4 ,he _h to tea* t ! creation 0 n m]ely ord]ly1 b progressive2 go+ f ! =mless to ! =m$2 f ! ord]less to ! ord]$2 f ! inanimate to ! animate2 f ! plant to ! animal2 f ! l[] animal to ! high]2 f ! bea/ to ! man2 end+ ) ! re/ ( ! ,sabba?1 ! type ( ! highe/1 ! spiritual1 life4 ,no?+1 c]ta9ly1 c\ld m exactly mat* ! doctr9e ( ,evolution ?an ?is4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! same ?+ said f a diff]5t po9t ( view4 ,all ?is is done by ca/+ ! acc\nt into ! =m ( a week ( "w ) ! ,sabba? at ! end4 ,9 s con/ruct+ 8 acc\nt1 ! writ] made use ( a mode ( tea*+ us$ commonly en\gh 9 ! ,bible4 ,! symbolical use ( ! numb] sev5 is common 9 o!r inspir$ writ]s4 ,! symbolical use ( p]iods ( "t is n )\t example4 ,t ! purpose ( ! acc\nt 0 n to tea* great tru?s1 b to give m5 in=mation ^u sci5tific que/ions1 is incr$ible4 ,&1 9 fact1 if we look 9 ?is acc\nt = lit]al hi/ory1 x becomes v difficult to give any mean+ to :at is said ( ! sev5? day1 or to reconcile ! int]pretation ( x ) our ,"l's words conc]n+ ! ,sabba?1 ',my ,fa!r worke? hi!rto1 & ,i "w4' ,!re is no m reason = sett+ aside ,geology1 because x does n agree 9 detail ) ,g5esis1 ?an !re is = sett+ aside ,a/ronomy because all ?r\gh ! ,old ,te/am5t ! sun is spok5 ( z go+ r\nd ! e>?4 ,& :5 ! writ] ( ,g5esis passes f creation 9 g5]al to man 9 p>ticul>1 x is /ill cle> t he has no mission to tell ^? = :om he 0 writ+ by :at processes man 0 =m$1 or h[ long ^? processes la/$4 ,?is 0 z ali5 f 8 purpose z x w\ld h be5 to tell :at e physiologi/ n[ kn[s ( ! processes by :i* e individual man is develop$ f a small g]m to a brea?+ & liv+ infant4 ,he takes m5--& he c\ld n b take m5 z he sees !m--) _! s9ful nature1 ) _! moral & spiritual capacity1 ) _! relations ( sex1 ) _! relations ( family4 ,he has to tea* ! ess5tial supremacy ( man among creatures1 ! subord9ation 9 position b equality 9 nature ( woman to man1 ! orig9al decl5sion ( man's w f ! div9e pa?1 ! dim & di/ant b sure hope ( man's re/oration4 ,^! are n1 & _c be1 lessons ( sci5ce4 ,!y are work$ out into ! allegory ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,b 9 ?is allegory !re is no?+ :atev] t crosses ! pa? ( sci5ce1 nor is x = reasons ( sci5ce t s _m great ,*ri/ian ?9k]s f ! e>lie/ age ( ! ,*ur* d[nw>ds h pron\nc$ x an allegory4 ,! spiritual tru? conta9$ 9 x is c]ta9ly ! purpose = :i* x is told2 & evolution su* z sci5ce has r5d]$ probable _h done its "w 9 =m+ man su* z he is be=e ! n>rative beg9s4 ,x may be said t x seems inconsi/5t ) ! dignity ( man's nature z describ$ 9 ! ,bible to believe t 8 =mation 0 effect$ by any process ( evolution1 /ill m by any su* process ( evolution z w\ld repres5t him to h be5 an animal be=e he became a man4 ,b1 9 ! fir/ place1 x is to be obs]v$ t ,sci5ce does n yet ass]t1 & !re is no reason to believe t x ev] w ass]t1 t man became a fully develop$ animal1 ) ! brute in/9cts & incl9ations1 appetites & passions1 fully =m$1 an animal su* z we see o!r animals n[1 be=e he pass$ on into a man su* z man is n[4 ,8 body may h be5 develop$ accord+ to ! !ory ( ,evolution1 yet along a p>allel b indep5d5t l9e ( its own2 b at any rate x bran*$ (f f o!r animals at a v e>ly po9t 9 ! desc5t ( animal life4 ,&1 fur!r1 z ,sci5ce _c yet ass]t t life 0 n introduc$ into ! _w :5 made habitable by a direct creative act1 s too ,sci5ce _c yet ass]t1 & x is tol]ably c]ta9 w nev] ass]t1 t ! high] & add$ life1 ! spiritual faculty1 :i* is man's *>act]i/ic pr]ogative1 0 n giv5 to man by a direct creative act z soon z ! body :i* 0 to be ! seat & ! in/rum5t ( t spiritual faculty _h be5 suffici5tly develop$ to receive x4 ,t ! body %\ld h be5 fir/ prep>$1 & t :5 x 0 prep>$ ! s\l %\ld ei!r h be5 !n giv51 or !n fir/ made to live 9 ! image ( ,god1--?is is a supposition :i* is inconsi/5t nei!r ) :at ! ,bible tells nor ) :at ,sci5ce has up to ?is "t prov$4 ,& to ?is mu/ be add$ t x is out ( place = u to def9e :at is consi/5t or inconsi/5t ) ! dignity ( man 9 ! process or me?od by :i* he 0 creat$ to be :at he is4 ,8 dignity consi/s 9 8 possession ( ! spiritual faculty1 & n 9 ! me?od by :i* he became possess$ ( x4 ,we _c tell1 we nev] c tell1 & ! ,bible nev] pr(esses to tell1 :at p[]s or gifts are wrapp$ up 9 matt] itself1 or 9 t liv+ matt] ( :i* we are made4 ,h[ absolutely no?+ we "k ( ! mode by :i* any s+le s\l is creat$6 ,! g]m :i* is to become a man c be trac$ by ! physiologi/ ?r\gh all ! *anges t x has to und]go be=e x comes to life4 ,is ! future s\l wrapp$ up 9 x f ! fir/1 & dormant till ! h\r ( awak5+ comes8 or is x giv5 at "s mom5t 9 ! developm5t8 ,we see 9 ! infant h[ its p[]s exp&1 & we "k t ! spiritual faculty1 ! v ess5ce ( its be+1 has a developm5t l ! o!r faculties4 ,x has 9 x ! gift ( spee*1 & yet x _c speak4 ,judgm5t1 & ta/e1 & p[] ( ?\ght2 self-sacrifice & unsw]v+ tru?2 sci5ce & art1 & spiritual und]/&+1 all may be !re 9 abundant measure & yet may %[ no sign4 ,all ?is we "k2 & because x is common & well kn[n we see no?+ inconsi/5t ) ! dignity ( our nature 9 ?is concealm5t ( all t dignity1 helpless & p[]less1 )9 ! =m ( an infant 9 arms4 ,) ?is be=e u x is impossible to say t any?+ :i* ,sci5ce has yet prov$1 or ev] has any *ance ( prov+1 is inconsi/5t ) ! place giv5 to man 9 ,creation by ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible4 ,9 conclusion1 we _c f9d t ,sci5ce1 9 tea*+ ,evolution1 has yet ass]t$ any?+ t is inconsi/5t ) ,revelation1 unless we assume t ,revelation 0 int5d$ n to tea* spiritual tru? only1 b physical tru? also4 ,"h1 z 9 all simil> cases1 we f9d t ! writ] ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 l all ! o!r writ]s 9 ! ,bible1 took nature z he saw x1 & express$ 8 tea*+ 9 language correspond+ to :at he saw4 ,& ! doctr9e ( ,evolution1 9 s f> z x has be5 %[n to be true1 does b fill out 9 detail ! decl>ation t we are 'fe>fully & wond]fully made2 m>vell\s are ,?y works2 & t my s\l kn[e? "r well4' ,!re is no?+ 9 all t ,sci5ce has yet taught1 or is on ! way to tea*1 :i* conflicts ) ! doctr9e t we are made 9 ! ,div9e ,image1 rul]s ( ! creation ar\nd u by a ,div9e sup]iority1 ! recipi5ts ( a ,revelation f a ,fa!r 9 ,heav51 & responsible to judgm5t by ,8 ,law4 ,we "k n h[ ! fir/ human s\l 0 made1 j z we "k n h[ any human s\l has be5 made s9ce2 b we "k t we are1 9 a s5se 9 :i* no o!r creatures liv+ ) u are1 ! *ildr5 ( ,8 special c>e4 ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,app>5t ,,collision ,,( ,,sci5ce ,,) ,,! ,,claim ,,to ,,sup]natural ,,p[]4 ,! claim to "w miracles p>allel to ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,! miracles ( ,revelation ne$ n be miracles ( ,sci5ce4 ,our ,"l's ,resurrection1 & ,8 miracles ( heal+1 possibly n miracul\s 9 ! sci5tific s5se4 ,diff]5t aspect ( miracles n[ & at ! "t :5 ! ,revelation 0 giv54 ,miracles atte/$ by ! ,apo/les1 by our ,"l's "*1 by our ,"l's p[]4 ,nature ( evid5ce requir$ to prove miracles2 n su* z to put physical above spiritual evid5ce2 n su* z to be unsuit$ to _! own day4 ,impossibility ( demon/rat+ univ]sal uni=mity4 ,revelation no ob/acle to ! progress ( ,sci5ce4 ,,lecture ,,vii4 ,,app>5t ,,collision ,,( ,,sci5ce ,,) ,,! ,,claim ,,to ,,sup]natural ,,p[]4 ',believe ,me t ,i am 9 ! ,fa!r1 & ! ,fa!r 9 ,me3 or else believe ,me = ! v works' sake4' ,/4 ,john xiv4 #aa4 ,sci5ce & ,religion come into app>5t collision on ! "q ( ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,sci5ce & ,revelation come into a simil> app>5t collision on ! possibility ( miracles4 ,! cases are precisely p>allel4 ,9 ea* individual man ! uni=mity ( nature is brok5 to leave room = ! moral =ce ( ! w to ass]t its indep5d5t exi/5ce4 ,?is brea* ( uni=mity is )9 v n>r[ limits1 & occurs mu* m r>ely ?an appe>s at fir/ sight4 ,b ! dem& to admit n only ! possibility b ! fact ( ?is brea* is imp]ative1 & to d5y x is to turn ! comm& ( ! ,moral ,law z reveal$ 9 ! consci5ce into a delusion4 ,s1 too1 ,revelation ass]ts its "r to set aside ! uni=mity ( nature to leave room = a direct communication f ,god to man4 ,x is an ess5tial "p ( ! ,div9e ,moral ,law to claim supremacy ov] ! physical _w4 ,unless someh[ or o!r ! moral ultimately rules ! physical1 ! ,moral ,law _c rightly claim our absolute ob$i5ce4 ,revelation z giv5 to u ma9ta9s t ?is sup]iority has be5 ass]t$ 9 fact "h 9 ! _w ( ph5om5a4 ,to d5y ?is is v ne>ly equival5t to d5y+ t any revelation has be5 made4 ,9 ?is way ,revelation ass]ts1 = ,god's message to ! human race precisely ! same brea* ( uni=mity :i* e man's consci5ce claims = himself 9 reg>d to 8 own conduct4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 necess>y to po9t out t :5 we speak ( a brea* ( uni=mity we are nev] 9 a position to d5y t ! brea* ( uni=mity may be physical only & p]haps app>5t only4 ,x may be f\nd1 x probably w be f\nd1 at la/ t ! ,moral ,law has 9 "s way always ma9ta9$ its own uni=mity unbrok54 ,! ,moral ,law has 9 its ess5ce an ela/icity :i* ! physical law has n4 ,x (t5 takes ! =m1 t1 giv5 c]ta9 conduct1 !re w foll[ c]ta9 consequ5ces2 & ! law is kept ?\gh ! conduct is free4 ,x is fur!r possible1 & ,revelation has no int]e/ 9 d5y+ x1 t ! int]v5tion :i* has app>5tly di/urb$ ! sequ5ce ( ph5om5a is1 aft] all1 t ( a high] physical law z yet unkn[n4 ,= in/ance1 ! miracul\s heal+ ( ! sick may be no miracle 9 ! /ricte/ s5se at all4 ,x may be b an in/ance ( ! p[] ( m9d ov] body1 a p[] :i* is und5iably n yet br\ght )9 ! range ( ,sci5ce1 & :i* nev]!less may be really )9 its doma94 ,9 o!r ways :at seems to be miracul\s may be simply unusual4 ,& x mu/ !re=e be always rememb]$ t ,revelation is n b\nd by ! sci5tific def9ition ( a miracle1 & t if all ! miracul\s ev5ts record$ 9 ! ,bible happ5$ exactly z !y are told1 & if ,sci5ce 7 "s day able to %[ t !y c\ld be acc\nt$ = by natural causes work+ at ! "t 9 ea* case1 ?is w\ld n 9 any way affect _! "*1 z reg>ds ! ,revelation :i* !y 7 work$ to prove or ( :i* !y =m a "p4 ,revelation uses ^! ev5ts = its own purposes4 ,"s ( ^! ev5ts are spok5 ( z evid5ces ( a div9e mission4 ,"s ( !m are sub/antive facts embrac$ 9 ! message deliv]$4 ,& if = ^! purposes !y h s]v$ _! turn1 if !y h arre/$ att5tion :i* w\ld n o!rwise h be5 arre/$1 if !y h ov]come prejudices1 if !y h compell$ belief1 ! fact t !y are aft]w>ds discov]$ to be no brea* ( ! law ( uni=mity has no be>+ at all on ! ,revelation to :i* !y belong4 ,! miracle w\ld 9 t case consi/ 9 ! precise co9cid5ce 9 "t ) ! purpose :i* !y s]v$1 or 9 ! mann] & degree 9 :i* !y m>k$ out ! ,man :o wr\ght !m f all o!r m51 or 9 ! =e%ad[+ ( ev5ts :i* are 9 ! di/ant future4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 x is q possible t our ,"l's ,resurrection may be f\nd h]eaft] to be no miracle at all 9 ! sci5tific s5se4 ,x =e%ad[s & beg9s ! g5]al ,resurrection2 :5 t g5]al ,resurrection comes we may f9d t x is1 aft] all1 ! natural issue ( physical laws always at "w4 ,!re is no?+ at pres5t to indicate any?+ ( ! sort2 b a g5]al resurrection 9 itself implies n a special int]f]5ce b a g5]al rule4 ,if1 :5 we rise aga91 we f9d t ?is resurrection is & always 0 a "p ( ! ,div9e purpose1 & br\ght ab\t at la/ by ma*9]y precisely ! same 9 k9d z t :i* has be5 us$ 9 mak+ & gov]n+ ! _w1 we may also f9d t our ,"l's ,resurrection 0 br\ght ab\t by ! op]ation ( precisely ! same ma*9]y4 ,we may f9d t ev5 9 ! language ( /rict sci5ce ',he 0 ! fir/ fruits ( !m t slept1' & t ,8 ,resurrection 0 n a miracle1 b ! fir/ in/ance ( ! work+ ( a law till ! la/ day q unkn[n1 b on t la/ day op]ative on all t ev] liv$4 ,let u comp>e ! g5]al resurrection ) ! fir/ introduction ( life into ! _w4 ,z f> z sci5tific obs]vation has yet gone t fir/ introduction ( life 0 a miracle4 ,no "o has ev] yet succe$$ 9 trac+ x to ! op]ation ( any kn[n laws4 ,if x is a miracle x is a miracle precisely simil> 9 k9d to ! miracle :i* believ]s are expect+ at ! la/ day4 ,& assur$ly if a miracle 0 once work$ to introduce life into ?is habitable _w1 !re is v good reason to expect t ano!r miracle w be work$ h]eaft] to re/ore life to ^? t h liv$4 ,b !re are sci5tific m5 :o ?9k t ! introduction ( life 0 n a miracle1 t x came at ! fitt+ mom5t by ! work+ ( natural laws2 or1 9 o!r words1 t su* prop]ties are inh]5t 9 ! elem5ts ( :i* protoplasm is made t 9 c]ta9 special circum/ances ^! elem5ts w n only comb9e b t ! product ( _! comb9ation w live4 ,if ?is be s1 x is assur$ly no su* v /range supposition t !re may be su* prop]ties inh]5t 9 our bodies or 9 c]ta9 p>ticles1 :e!r p>ticles ( matt] or n1 belong+ to our bodies1 t 9 c]ta9 special circum/ances ^! p>ticles w return to life4 ,& if ?is be s ! g5]al resurrection may be no miracle1 b ! result ( ! prop]ties orig9ally inh]5t 9 our bodies & ( ! work+ ( ! laws ( ^? prop]ties4 ,& z ! g5]al resurrection s our ,"l's ,resurrection may 9 ?is way turn out to be no brea* ( ! uni=mity ( nature4 ,b ?is new discov]y1 if !n made1 w\ld n affect ! place :i* our ,"l's ,resurrection holds 9 ! records ( ,revelation4 ,x is n ! purpose ( ,revelation to int]f]e ) ! c\rse ( nature2 if su* int]f]5ce be ne$less1 & ! "w ( reveal+ ,god to man c be done )\t x1 !re is no reason :atev] to believe t any su* int]f]5ce w\ld take place4 ,or1 take aga9 any ( our ,"l's miracles ( heal+4 ,!re is no "q at all t ! p[] ( m9d ov] body is exce$+ly great1 & has nev] yet be5 ?or\ghly exam9$4 ,we "k almo/ no?+ ( ! ext5t ( ?is p[]1 ( its laws1 ( its limits4 ,m>vell\s recov]ies (t5 a/oni% ! physician1 & he _c acc\nt = !m except by suppos+ t 9 "s way ! p[]s ( ! m9d h be5 r\s$ to int]f]e ) ! work+ ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,& "s m51 on ! o!r h&1 h di$ or _! heal? has be5 %att]$ by m]e imag9ations4 ,"s m5 ( note h attribut$ ! recov]ies claim$ = homoeopa?y to ?is cause4 ,"s h assign$ to ?is cause ! extraord9>y cures t h be5 und5iably wr\ght at ! %r9es1 or on sight or t\* ( ! relics1 ( ,roman ,ca?olic sa9ts4 ,! diff]5t impo/ures t h on _m occasions prevail$ = a "t & !n lo/ _! reputation & pass$ out ( fa%ion1 are g5]ally suppos$ to h ow$ _! %ort-liv$ success to ! same obscure work+ ( unkn[n natural laws4 ,!y h be5 te/$ by _! successes & _! failures4 ,!y h succe$$1 & = a "t cont9u$ to succe$2 b at la/ !y h ceas$ to "w because fai? 9 !m = "s reason or o!r has be5 %ak5 d[n4 ,_! falsehood has ?us be5 detect$2 b nev]!less _! g5u9e success = a "t has be5 en\gh to %[ t !y re/$ on a reality1 & t reality seems to h consi/$ 9 ! /range p[] ( m9d ov] body4 ,9 ?is region all is at pres5t unexam9$2 & all op]ations are t5tative1 & = t reason mo/ are only successful = a "t4 ,n[ our ,"l's miracles are nev] t5tative2 t is n ! "* giv5 to !m ei!r by fri5d or by foe4 ,nor is !re any in/ance record$ ei!r by fri5d or by foe ( an attempt$ miracle n accompli%$4 ,n[h]e is !re any record giv5 u by ! assailants ( ! ,gospel ( any in/ance ( ,8 action p>allel to ! record giv5 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les ( ! sev5 sons ( ,sceva ! ,jew4 ,! acc\nts ( 8 enemies *>ge ,him ) deceit1 :i* is id5tical ) say+ t !y did n believe ,him4 ,b !y d n ev] *>ge ,him ) failure4 ,nev]!less x is q conceivable t _m ( ,8 miracles ( heal+ may h be5 ! result ( ?is p[] ( m9d ov] body :i* we are n[ consid]+4 ,x is possible t !y may be due n to an int]f]5ce ) ! uni=mity ( nature1 b to a sup]iority 9 ,8 m5tal p[] to ! simil> p[] possess$ by o!r m54 ,m5 seem to possess ?is p[] bo? ov] _! own bodies & ov] ! bodies ( o!rs 9 diff]5t degrees4 ,"s c influ5ce o!r m5's bodies ?r\gh _! m9ds m2 "s less4 ,possibly ,he may h possess$ ?is p[] absolutely :]e o!rs possess$ x conditionally4 ,he may h possess$ x )\t limit2 o!rs )9 limits4 ,if ?is 7 s1 ^! acts ( heal+ w\ld n be miracles 9 ! /rictly sci5tific s5se4 ,!y w\ld imply v great sup]iority 9 ,him to o!r m54 ,b !y w\ld be 9 !mselves "u ! law ( uni=mity4 ,n[ x is cle> t if ?is %\ld turn out to be s1 ?\gh ^! acts w\ld n be miracles = ! purposes ( ,sci5ce1 !y w\ld /ill be miracles = ! purposes ( ,revelation4 ,!y w\ld d _! "w 9 arre/+ att5tion1 & /ill m 9 accr$it+ bo? ! message & ! ,mess5g]4 ,!y w\ld sep>ate ,him f ord9>y m54 ,!y w\ld prove ,him to be possess$ ( cr$5tials wor? exam9+4 ,to ! believ] x w\ld make no diff]5ce :e!r ,sci5ce call$ !m miracles or n4 ,to him x w\ld /ill rema9 ! fact t "h 0 a ,mess5g] :om ,god _h se5 fit to end[ ) p[]s :i* no o!r man ev] possess$ 9 su* degree & su* complet5ess1 ?\gh o!rs may h possess$ "s t\* ( !m great] or less4 ,fur!r1 x is necess>y to repeat :at 0 briefly rem>k$ 9 a previ\s ,lecture1 t ! position :i* miracles take z reg>ds u :o read !m _m c5turies aft]1 & z reg>ds ^? :o witness$ & record$ !m at ! "t1 is q diff]5t4 ,to !m ! miracles 7 ! fir/ & (t5 ! *ief pro( t ! man :o wr\ght !m _h be5 s5t by ,god1 & t ,8 message 0 a revelation1 n an impo/ure2 to u !y are1 if accept$ at all1 accept$ z a "p ( ! revelation itself4 ,!re are no d\bt a few m9ds t are conv9c$ by ,paley's argum5t1 & beg9n+ ) accept+ ! miracles z prov$ by suffici5t ext]nal evid5ce1 g on to accept ! conclusion t !re=e ! tea*+ t 0 ?us accompani$ mu/ be div9e4 ,b mo/ m5 are q unable to take to pieces 9 ?is way ! records 9 :i* ,revelation is conta9$1 & to g f ext]nal evid5ce tak5 alone to ! mess5g]s :o ?us prov$ _! mission1 & !nce to ! sub/ance ( ! message :i* !y taught4 ,to mo/ ( u1 on ! contr>y1 ! ,revelation is a :ole1 capable ( be+ look$ at f _m sides1 & f\nd to be div9e f :atev] side x is se52 & "o ( its aspects is ?is sup]natural "* by :i* x appe>s to ass]t its id5tity ) t ,moral ,law :i* claims absolute supremacy ov] all ! physical _w4 ,! ma9 evid5ce ( ! ,revelation to u consi/s 9 its h>mony ) ! voice ( ! spiritual faculty )9 u2 & ! claim :i* x ass]ts to h come ?r\gh tea*]s end[$ ) sup]natural p[] is s f> corroborative evid5ce z x falls 9 ) ! ess5tial "* ( ! ,moral ,law4 ,t et]nal law claims supremacy ov] ! physical _w & actually ass]ts x 9 ! fre$om ( ! human w2 & a ,revelation :i* comes f ,him ,:o 9 ,8 own ess5tial ,be+ is t v law p]sonifi$1 might be expect$ to exhibit ! same claim 9 actual manife/ation 9 its approa* to m54 ,be>+ ^! limitations & *>act]i/ics ( ! miracul\s elem5t 9 ! ,bible 9 m9d1 let u ask h[ t miracul\s elem5t is !re9 pres5t$4 ,fir/1 9 ! acc\nt ( ! creation1 x is taught t ! orig9al exi/5ce ( all matt] fl[s f a spiritual s\rce4 ,we d n def9e ,god z ! cause1 mean+ t t is ,8 ess5ce1 & t except z caus+ o!r ?+s to exi/ ,he does n exi/ ,himself4 ,b we describe ,him z ! ,cause1 mean+ t all ?+s exi/ by ,8 ,w1 & t )\t ,8 ,w no?+ c\ld ev] h exi/$4 ,& z ! ,revelation tells u t ,he is ! s\rce ( all exi/5ce1 ! ,creator ( ! sub/ance ( ?+s1 s too does x ass]t t ,he gave all ?+s _! special prop]ties & ! laws ( ^? prop]ties1 & t n only ! orig9al creation1 b all ! subsequ5t hi/ory ( all ?+s has be5 ! outcome ( ,8 design1 & t ,he has ?us prescrib$ ! gov]nm5t ( ! :ole univ]se4 ,& yet aga9 ! ,revelation f ! beg9n+ to ! end ma9ta9s ,8 liv+ ,pres5ce 9 & ov] all ?+s t ,he has ?us =m$1 & d5ies t ,he has p>t$ ) ,8 p[] to d fre% acts ( creation1 fre% acts ( gov]nm5t1 :5ev] & :]ev] ,he sees fit4 ,= ,he is necess>ily free & _c be re/ra9$ by any?+ b ,8 own hol9ess4 ,& unless ,he expressly reveal$ to u t ,8 own hol9ess prev5t$ ,him f int]f]+ ) ,8 own creation1 we c\ld n put limits to :at ,he c\ld d4 ,! ,revelation t ,he has giv5 u says j ! contr>y1 & f end to end implies t ,he is pres5t 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! creation :i* ,he has made4 ,:at evid5ce1 !n1 is !re 9 ! _w ( ph5om5a t ,he has ev] ?us int]f]$8 ,putt+ aside z unt5able all idea ( a priori impossibility1 admitt+ t ,god c "w a miracle if ,he w1 admitt+ t a miracle av[$ly work$ 9 ! int]e/ ( a div9e revelation /&s on a totally diff]5t foot+ f a miracle av[$ly work$ 9 any o!r int]e/1 putt+ ! brea* ( ! law ( uni=mity made by a miracle on ! same foot+ z ! brea* ( ! same law made by a human w2 we h to ask :at evid5ce c be giv5 t any su* miracles z are record$ 9 ! ,bible h ev] be5 work$8 ,x is pla9 at once t ! answ] mu/ be giv5 by ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,no su* evid5ce c n[ be produc$ on behalf ( ! miracles 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! times are remote2 ! date & au?or%ip ( ! ,books n e/abli%$ ) c]ta9ty2 ! mixture ( poetry ) hi/ory no long] capable ( any sure sep>ation into its p>ts2 &1 if ! ,new ,te/am5t did n exi/1 x w\ld be impossible to %[ su* a di/9ct prepond]ance ( probability z w\ld ju/ify u 9 call+ on any to accept ! miracul\s p>ts ( ! n>rative z hi/orically true4 ,b 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t we /& on diff]5t gr\nd4 ,& we h "h fir/ ! evid5ce :i* ,paley has put toge!r to %[ t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians sp5t _! lives & f9ally surr5d]$ _! lives z witnesses to a ,gospel :i* includ$ miracles bo? among its evid5ces & z "p ( its sub/ance4 ,x is n possible to get rid ( miracles nor ! belief 9 miracles f ! hi/ory ( ! ,apo/les4 ,!y te/ify to our ,"l's ,resurrection z to an actual fact1 & make x ! basis ( all _! prea*+4 ,!y te/ify to our ,"l's miracles z "p ( ! "* ( ,8 life4 ,x is necess>y to ma9ta9 t !y 7 m]e fanatics ) no claim to respect b r to ! pity :i* we feel = utt]ly ignorant goodness1 if we are to hold t no miracle 0 ev] wr\ght by our ,"l4 ,x is difficult to ma9ta9 ev5 _! hone/y if !y prea*$ ! ,resurrection ( our ,"l )\t any basis ( fact to re/ on4 ,no man :o is n det]m9$ to uphold an op9ion at all haz>ds c "q t ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet] believ$ t our ,"l rose f ! dead1 & t !y di$ = & 9 t belief4 ,b1 9 ! second place1 beh9d ! ,apo/les /&s our ,"l ,himself1 & :atev] may be said ( ! docum5ts t compose ! ,new ,te/am5t1 !y are at any rate suffici5t to %[ t our ,"l 0 univ]sally believ$ by ,8 disciples to h ! p[] ( work+ miracles & to h (t5 work$ !m4 ,!re is no hesitation 9 reg>d to ?is2 no h9t ( any d\bt4 ,b n only s1 !re is no h9t ( any disclaim] on ,8 "p4 ,he mu/ h kn[n :e!r ,he c\ld "w miracles or n4 ,he mu/ h kn[n t ,8 disciples believ$ ,him to possess ! p[]4 ,!re is n ! slighte/ trace ( ,8 ev] hav+ impli$ t ?is 0 a misconception4 ,he did sometimes disclaim :at 0 ascrib$ to ,him1 ev5 :5 :at 0 ascrib$ to ,him 0 truly ,81 b 0 ascrib$ to ,him )\t real k ( :at x impli$4 ',:y calle/ ?\ ,me good8 ,!re is none good b ,"o1 t is1 ,god1' we ,,d f9d4 ,b ',:y aske/ ?\ ,me to d ?is8 ,!re is none t c d ?is b ,"o1 t is ,god1' we d ,,n f9d4 ,x is pla9 t ,he accept$ ! belief t assign$ ,him p[]s above ^? ( o!r m5--p[]s giv5 ,him by ,8 ,fa!r 9 heav5--& nev] disc\rag$ x4 ,nay1 ,he dem&$ x4 ,take ! l[e/ gr\nd1 & admit = argum5t's sake t ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9s a leg5d>y elem5t1 & /ill y _c cut ! miracles out ( ! ,gospels & ,epi/les )\t alt]+ !m beyond recognition4 ,! ,jesus ,*ri/ pres5t$ to u 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t w\ld become a diff]5t p]son if ! miracles 7 remov$4 ,& if ,he claim$ to possess & ex]cise ?is p[]1 ! evid5ce becomes ! evid5ce ( ,"o ,:o mu/ h kn[n & ,:om we _c disbelieve4 ,& ?is claim1 :i* ,he has ?us made1 & :i* 0 ?us accept$ by ,8 disciples1 is corroborat$ by ! p[]1 diff]5t 9 =m b simil> 9 k9d1 :i* ,he ex]t$ !n on ! m5 ( ,8 own day1 & has ev] s9ce cont9u$ to ex]t on all succe$+ g5]ations4 ,! fir/ disciples 7 "u ,8 absolute dom9ion4 ,!y prea*$ ,*ri/ & n !mselves4 ,!y ref]r$ ev]y?+ to ,him1 & pr(ess$ to h no p[] b f ,him4 ,/4 ,paul ) all 8 g5ius & m>vell\s p[] ( influ5ce1 yet pr(esses to be no?+ )\t ,*ri/ & to be ev]y?+ 9 ,*ri/4 ,our ,"l left no writ+ beh9d ,him1 b committ$ ,8 ,revelation to ,8 ,apo/les1 & we only "k ,him ?r\gh !m4 ,b !y are n l ord9>y disciples ( a great tea*]2 philosoph]s succe$+ a philosoph]2 prophets succe$+ a prophet4 ,to no "o ( !m does x occur = a mom5t to tea* any?+ except z f ,him4 ,/4 ,paul gives advice sometimes :i* he does n pr(ess to be giv+ by our ,"l's comm&1 b :5 he does s1 he puts ! m>k ( 8 own inf]iority on :at he says1 & claims = x no su* au?ority z belongs to a ^w f ,*ri/4 ,a ^w f ,*ri/ 0 f9al on all subjects4 ,& ?is p[] ov] m5 has nev] weak5$ f t day to ?is4 ,!re is no o!r p[] l x 9 ! _w4 ,sci5ce proce$s 9 f> ! majority ( cases by trial ( "s !ory z a work+ hypo!sis4 ,su* too has be5 ! proc$ure ( ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ,tru/ ,*ri/2 /ake y\r happ9ess on ,him2 /ake y\r hope ( satisfy+ all spiritual aspirations on ,him2 /ake y\r p[] ( w9n+ ! victory ov] temptation on ,him--?is is ! exhortation ( ,apo/le1 & m>tyr1 & sa9t1 & evangeli/1 & pa/or1 & tea*]4 ,& ^? :o h ?us tri$ ! /r5g? ( ! ,*ri/ian hypo!sis h n fail$4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has be5 /a9$ ) _m a blot4 ,ill de$s h be5 wr\ght 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,evil laws h be5 pass$4 ,/range sup]/itions h prevail$4 ,b no o!r body c %[ su* sa9ts1 no o!r body c produce s great a cl\d ( witnesses4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! lives & ! dea?s1 ! *>act]s & ! aims1 ( ^? :o h tru/$ _! all to ,*ri/ h made !m :at ,he bade !m be1 ! salt ( ! e>?4 ,& !y te/ify ) "o voice t !y "k no o!r p[] :i* has upheld !m b ! p[] ( ,*ri/ :om !y h tak5 = _! ,"l4 ,o!rs h sometimes be5 set up z 9 "s sort rivals to ,him z tea*]s or z examples2 b "h !re is no rival ev5 pret5d$4 ,9 no o!r man h m5 be5 call$ on to believe z a liv+ pres5t p[]1 able to give /r5g? & victory 9 ! conflicts ( ! s\l4 ,! ,*ur*1 too1 has pass$ ?r\gh times ( spiritual depression1 we may almo/ say ( degradation4 ,& 9 ! wor/ ( times )9 ! ,*ur* !re has always rema9$ a wond]ful recup]ative p[]1 :i* has %ak5 (f inconsi/5cies & defects 9 ! pa/1 & w d s yet m 9 ! future4 ,b ?is recup]ative p[] has always %[n itself 9 "o =m1 & 9 "o =m only1 namely1 a return to ,*ri/ & to tru/ 9 ,him1 a tru/ :i* has nev] be5 falsifi$4 ,! m>tyrdom ( our ,"l's disciples is en\gh to prove t belief 9 ,8 sup]natural p[]s & 9 ,8 ex]cise ( ^? p[]s 0 no gradual gr[? ( lat] times1 b f ! v beg9n+ root$ 9 ! convictions ( ^? :o mu/ h kn[n ! tru?4 ,! "* ( our ,"l z reveal$ 9 ! ,gospels makes x impossible to disbelieve ,8 claims :atev] !y may be4 ,8 p[] atte/$ by g5]ations ( believ]s ev] s9ce corroborates ^? claims by ! p]si/5t evid5ce ( eighte5 c5turies4 ,aga9/ ?is evid5ce :at is to be said8 ,x is said t ! evid5ce = ! uni=mity ( nature is s ov]:elm+ t no?+ c set x aside4 ,& fur!r x is said1 t1 ev5 if x be conc$$ t x might be set aside1 no evid5ce suffici5t = ! purpose has yet be5 produc$4 ,n[ to deal ) ?is second ass]tion fir/1 we mu/ ask :at is ! nature ( ! evid5ce t w\ld be deem$ suffici5t8 ,if ! inquir] does n believe t ,god creat$ & /ill gov]ns ! _w1 assur$ly no evid5ce w ev] be suffici5t to conv9ce him t ,god has work$ a miracle4 ,! exi/5ce ( ,god is c]ta9ly n to be prov$ by ,8 int]f]5ce ) nature4 ,_h ,he desir$ to reveal ,himself to u prim>ily 9 t way1 ,he w\ld h wr\ght _m m miracles ?an we n[ "k (1 & w\ld h kept our fai? alive by p]petual & unmi/akeable manife/ations ( ,8 pres5ce & p[]4 ,b ,he has n s will$4 ,he has made our belief 9 ,him re/ ma9ly on ! voice )9 ourselves1 9 ord] t we might walk by fai? & n by sight4 ,x w be a hopeless task to conv9ce m5 t !re is a ,god by po9t+1 n to ,8 creation b to ,8 int]f]5ce ) creation4 ,b if a man d believe !re is a ,god1 :at k9d ( evid5ce ought he to expect to %[ him t ,god has int]f]$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! creation8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he mu/ n expect t ! physical evid5ce1 t is ! miracul\s evid5ce1 = ,revelation %\ld be ( su* a "* z to /& above ! spiritual evid5ce4 ,j z ! fundam5tal evid5ce = ! exi/5ce ( a ,god is to be f\nd 9 ! voice ( consci5ce1 & ! argum5ts f design & f ! ord] & beauty & visible purpose ( ! creation are second>y--corroborative n demon/rative--s too ! prim>y evid5ce ( a ,revelation f ,god mu/ be f\nd 9 ! h>mony ( t ,revelation ) ! voice ( consci5ce1 & only ! second>y & corroborative evid5ce is to be look$ = 9 miracles4 ,& 9 bo? cases ! reason is ! same4 ,= x is n ,god's purpose to w9 ! intellectually gift$1 ! wise1 ! cultivat$1 ! clev]1 b to w9 ! spiritually gift$1 ! humble1 ! t5d]-he>t$1 ! s\ls t are discont5t$ ) _! own %ortcom+s1 ! s\ls t h a capacity = f9d+ happ9ess 9 self-sacrifice4 ,x w\ld defeat ! purpose ( ! ,revelation made to u if ! h>d-head$ %\ld h an advantage 9 accept+ x ov] ! humble-m9d$4 ,! evid5ce mu/ be su* t spiritual "* %all be an elem5t 9 ! acceptance ( x4 ,!re w\ld be a contradiction1 if ! faculty :]eby we ma9ly recognis$ ,god 7 ! spiritual faculty1 & ! faculty :]eby we ma9ly recognis$ ,8 ,revelation 7 ! sci5tific faculty4 ,&1 9 ! second place1 we h no "r to expect t ! evid5ce = miracles wr\ght 9 "o age %\ld be su* evid5ce z prop]ly belongs to ano!r age4 ,x is sometimes urg$ t ! evid5ce suppli$ by ! te/imony ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians is ( little value because x 0 nev] cross-exam9$4 ,no su* precautions surr\nd$ ! evid5ce z w\ld n[ be requir$ to give any value to evid5ce ( simil> ev5ts4 ,! witnesses gave up _! lives to atte/ :at !y taught2 b !re 0 no "o to scrut9ise :at !y ass]t$4 ,/4 ,paul's evid5ce on our ,"l's ,resurrection _c n[ be put to ! te/ ( se>*+ que/ions4 ,b to make su* objections z ^! is to make :at is on ! face ( x an absurd dem&4 ,x is to ask t ! sci5tific processes ( ! n9ete5? c5tury %\ld h be5 anticipat$ 9 ! fir/1 t m5 %\ld be miracul\sly guid$ to supply a k9d ( evid5ce :i* w\ld be utt]ly sup]flu\s at ! "t 9 ord] to be conv9c+ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,?is w\ld inde$ h put ! miracul\s incid5ts 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t n>rative altoge!r out ( place1 & made ! miracles m important ?an ! ,revelation :i* !y 7 work$ to introduce4 ,n[1 if ^! two conditions are borne 9 m9d1 x is difficult to see :at bett] evid5ce c\ld be obta9$ ( a miracul\s life ?an we possess conc]n+ ! life ( our ,"l4 ,! moral & spiritual evid5ce is ,8 own "* :i* int5tionally ov]%ad[s all ! re/1 & x is inconceivable t ,he %\ld h made a false claim4 ,& ! mat]ial evid5ce is ! te/imony ( m5 :o freely gave _! lives 9 pro( ( :at !y said4 ,nor has any?+ yet be5 said or writt5 to %ake ,paley's argum5t on ?is po9t4 ,b1 if we pass on to ! o!r objection1 t no evid5ce c ev] be suffici5t to prove a miracle because ! evid5ce = ! uni=mity ( nature is s ov]:elm+1 we c only see 9 su* an ass]tion an in/ance ( t inability to get out ( an accu/om$ groove aga9/ :i* ,sci5ce has p]petually to gu>d4 ,9 ,sci5ce ! uni=mity ( nature is s indisp5sable a po/ulate1 t )\t x we _c /ir a /ep4 ,& if ! /ud5t ( ,sci5ce is to admit a brea*1 x c only be by /epp+ outside ( 8 sci5ce = ! "t & conceiv+ ! possibility t !re is "s o!r tru? beside sci5tific tru?1 & "s o!r k9d ( evid5ce beside sci5tific evid5ce4 ,we h all he>d ( ! ne$ ( gu>d+ aga9/ ! bondage 9 :i* cu/om b9ds ! m9d4 ,we h he>d ( ! /ud5t :o :5 fir/ he saw a locomotive look$ p]sev]+ly = ! horses t impell$ x1 because he _h nev] kn[n1 & consequ5tly c\ld n imag9e any o!r mode ( produc+ su* motion4 ,b ?is dang] att5ds n only ! sep>ate inve/igations :i* ,sci5ce makes into ph5om5a2 x att5ds ,sci5ce z a :ole4 ,& x is necess>y repeat$ly to insi/ on ! fact t ,sci5ce has n prov$ & _c prove t ! sci5tific doma9 is co-ext5sive ) nature itself4 ,! evid5ce = ! uni=mity ( nature consi/s 9 ! fact t f ! beg9n+ ( ,sci5ce ! kn[n reign ( physical law has be5 /eadily ext5d+ )\t a *eck2 t in/ance aft] in/ance ( app>5t exception has be5 br\ght by fur!r exam9ation )9 its prov9ce2 t ! hypo!sis ( uni=mity has n[ be5 long on trial & has nev] yet be5 f\nd to fail2 t no "o :o has s tri$ x has ! slighte/ hesitation 9 tru/+ x = ! future1 z he has prov$ x 9 ! pa/4 ,b cle>ly z ?is evid5ce proves a g5]al1 x nev] gets beyond a g5]al1 uni=mity4 ,x has n succe$$ 9 %[+ t ! human w comes "u ! same rule4 ,x has n succe$$ 9 sil5c+ ! voice )9 u1 :i* claims sup]iority = ! moral ov] ! physical4 ,& :5 ! utmo/ ext5t ( human k is comp>$ ) ! va/ness ( nature1 ! claim to ext5d ! induction f g5]ality to univ]sality is se5 to be utt]ly unt5able4 ,s mu* z ?is1 inde$1 ,sci5ce has r5d]$ highly probable1 t ! uni=mity ( nature is nev] brok5 except = a moral purpose4 ,x is only = su* a purpose t ! w is ev] free4 ,x is only = su* a purpose t ,revelation has ev] claim$ to be sup]ior to nature4 ,b beyond ?is ,sci5ce _c g4 ,let x be grant$ t ! claim = fre$om ( ! w has be5 (t5 unduly pu%$ f> beyond ?is limit1 & let x be grant$ t religions pr(ess+ to be revelations h includ$ records ( miracles :i* _h no moral purpose4 ,?is does n affect ! g5]al conclusion t ! evid5ce = uni=mity has nev] succe$$1 & c nev] succe$ 9 %[+1 t ! ,god :o made & rules ! univ]se nev] sets aside a physical law = a moral purpose1 ei!r by work+ ?r\gh ! human w or by direct action on ext]nal nature4 ,sci5ce w cont9ue its progress1 & z ! ?\ghts ( m5 become cle>] x w be p]petually m pla9ly se5 t no?+ 9 ,revelation really int]f]es ) t progress4 ,x w be se5 t dev\t believ]s c obs]ve1 c cross-"q nature1 c look = uni=mity & f9d x1 ) z ke5 an eye1 ) z active an imag9ation1 ) z sure a reason+1 z ^? :o d5y entirely all possibility ( miracles & reject all ,revelation on t acc\nt4 ,! belief t ,god c "w miracles & has work$ !m1 has nev] yet ob/ruct$ ! pa? ( a s+le /ud5t ( ,sci5ce2 nor has any /ud5t :o repudiat$ t belief f\nd any aid 9 8 /udy f t repudiation4 ,! ru% ( ,sci5ce ( late ye>s has = ! "t made _m m5 fancy t ,sci5ce is ev]y?+2 & believ]s 9 ,revelation h help$ ?is fancy by insi/+ on _! "p t ,revelation is ev]y?+2 b su* waves ( op9ion1 re/+ really on feel+1 are sure to pass away1 & sci5tific m5 w le>n t !re are o!r k9ds ( k besides sci5tific k1 z believ]s are already le>n+ t ,god tea*es u by o!r me?ods besides ! me?od ( ,revelation4 ,! /ud5ts ( ! ,bible w c]ta9ly le>n t ,revelation ne$ n fe> ! discov]ies ( ,sci5ce1 n ev5 su* doctr9es z t ( ,evolution4 ,& ! /ud5ts ( nature w c]ta9ly le>n t ,sci5ce has no?+ to fe> f ! tea*+ ( ,revelation1 n ev5 f ! claim to miracul\s p[]4 ,= mo/ c]ta9ly bo? ,sci5ce & ,revelation come f "o & ! same ,god2 '! heav5s decl>e ,8 glory1 & ! firmam5t %[e? ,8 h&ywork2 ,8 law is p]fect1 conv]t+ ! s\l2 ,8 te/imony is sure1 mak+ wise ! simple4' ,,lecture ,,viii4 ,,! ,,conclusion ,,( ,,! ,,argum5t4 ,uni=mity ( nature n demon/rat$1 b e/abli%$1 except 9 two cases2 ! int]f]5ce ( human w & ( ,div9e ,w4 ,! exception no b> to ! progress ( ,sci5ce4 ,unity to be f\nd n 9 ! physical _w1 b 9 ! physical & moral comb9$4 ,! ,moral ,law re/s on itself4 ,our recognition ( x on our own "* & *oice4 ,b we expect x to %[ its m>ks 9 ! physical _w3 & ^! are ! purpose visible 9 ,creation1 ! effects produc$ by ,revelation4 ,nev]!less a dem& = m physical evid5ce2 b ! physical _c be all[$ to ov]%ad[ ! spiritual4 ,dang]s to believ]s f lean+ ?is way3 sup]/ition2 bl9dness2 /agnation4 ,! gu>antee = spiritual p]ceptiv5ess3 to take ,jesus z ! ,"l ( ! consci5ce1 ! he>t1 ! w4 ,,lecture ,,viii4 ,,! ,,conclusion ,,( ,,! ,,argum5t4 ',no man c say t ,jesus is ! ,"l1 b by ! ,holy ,gho/4' #a ,cor4 xii4 #c4 ,x is n[ ! prop] "t to review ! argum5t ( ^! ,lectures1 & to endeav\r to trace1 if possible1 ! s\rce ( ! e/rangem5t :i* j at pres5t sep>ates ,religion & ,sci5ce4 ,! po/ulate ( ,sci5ce is admitt$ on all h&s to be ! uni=mity ( nature1 & ! pro( ( ?is po/ulate has be5 f\nd to consi/ 9 an induction f ! facts :i* nature pres5ts & our s5ses obs]ve4 ,uni=mity is quickly notic$1 & aft] x has be5 notic$ = "s "t x is in/9ctively us$ z a work+ hypo!sis4 ,s us$ x accumulates p]petually increas+ evid5ce ( its tru?1 & if we except two great classes ( facts1 we nev] f9d any in/ance ( its failure4 ,! two classes ( facts :i* are ?us except$ are ! acts ( ! human w & ! miracul\s elem5t 9 ,revelation1 bo? ( !m in/ances ( "o ?+1 namely1 ! int]f]5ce ( ! moral ) ! physical4 ,to complete ! induction & to deprive ! d5ial ( univ]sal uni=mity ( all evid5ce to re/ on1 all t is necess>y is to get rid ( ^! two exceptions4 ,if ,sci5ce c\ld get rid ( ^! exceptions1 ?\gh x c\ld n be said t ! fundam5tal po/ulate 0 demon/rat$1 x c\ld be said t all ! evid5ce 0 9 its fav\r & absolutely no evid5ce aga9/ x4 ,& al?\gh sci5tific belief w\ld !n /ill rank bel[ ma!matical belief1 x w\ld nev]!less h a cog5cy q irresi/ible4 ,sci5ce w\ld n !reby ga9 9 p[] ( progress1 9 practical acceptance1 or 9 utility to man4 ,b m5 are s con/itut$ t complet5ess gives a special k9d ( satisfaction n to be got 9 any o!r way4 ,if ,sci5ce c\ld b be complete x w\ld seem to ga9 9 dignity1 if x ga9$ 9 no?+ else4 ,& x is easy to fo/] a k9d ( passion = ?is complet5ess until e attempt to "q x is res5t$4 ,i h se5 a boy fir/ le>n+ me*anics %[ a dislike to consid] ! effect ( friction z m>r+ ! symmetry & beauty ( me*anical problems2 too vague1 too unc]ta91 too irregul> to be all[$ any entrance into a sy/em :i* is s r\nd$ & s precise )\t x4 ,& some?+ ( ! same temp] c sometimes be se5 9 /ud5ts ( ,sci5ce at ! v ?\ght ( !re be+ any?+ 9 ! _w n "u ! dom9ion ( ! great sci5tific po/ulate4 ,! _w :i* ?us conta9s some?+ :i* ,sci5ce _c deal ) is pron\nc$ =?) to be n ! _w t we "k1 n ! _w ) :i* we are conc]n$2 a conceivable _w if we *oose to indulge our imag9ation 9 su* dreams1 b n a real _w ei!r n[ or at any "t be=e or aft]4 ,& yet ! fre$om ( ! human w & ! s5se :i* _c be eradicat$ ( ! responsibility atta*+ to all human conduct1 p]petually retorts t ?is _w 9 :i* we live conta9s an elem5t :i* _c be subdu$ to ob$i5ce to ! sci5tific law1 b w h a c\rse ( its own4 ,! s5se ( responsibility is a rock :i* no dem& = complet5ess 9 ,sci5ce c cru%4 ,all attempts at reconcil+ ! me*anical firmness ( an unbrok5 law ( uni=mity ) ! voice )9 t _c be sil5c$ tell+ u t we mu/ answ] = our action1 h fail$1 & we "k t !y w = ev] fail4 ,if inde$ x c\ld be said t ! progress ( ,sci5ce 0 really b>r$ by ?is inability to make ! induction complete1 & to ass]t ! unbrok5 uni=mity ( all nature2 if x c\ld be said t any unc]ta9ty 0 ?us ca/ ov] sci5tific conclusions1 or any false or mislead+ lights ?us held up to draw inquir]s f ! true pa?1 x w\ld und\bt$ly become a duty to exam9e1 & to exam9e anxi\sly1 :e!r inde$ x c\ld be true t our faculties 7 ?us hopelessly at v>iance ) ea* o!r1 ! sci5tific faculty1 impos+ on u "o belief1 & ! spiritual faculty ano!r1 & ! two practically irreconcileable4 ,b !re is no reason :atev] = ?9k+ ?is4 ,newton's inve/igations 7 unque/ionably pursu$1 z all true sci5tific inve/igations mu/ ev] be pursu$1 9 reliance on ! tru? ( ! uni=mity ( nature1 & yet he nev] felt x ! slighte/ h9drance to 8 progress t he always tacitly & (t5 expressly ackn[l$g$ t ,god _h res]v$ to ,himself ! p[] ( sett+ ?is uni=mity aside1 & inde$ believ$ t ,he _h us$ ?is p[]4 ,! believ] :o ass]ts ! univ]sality ( a law except :5 ,god works a miracle to set x aside is c]ta9ly at no real disadvantage 9 comp>ison ) an unbeliev] :o makes ! same ass]tion ) no qualification at all4 ,x is grant$ on all h&s t miracles are1 & ev] h be51 exce$+ly r>e1 & = t reason ne$ n be tak5 into acc\nt 9 ! inve/igation ( nature4 ,x is grant$ t ! fre$om ( ! human w works )9 n>r[ limits1 & v sl[ly & slightly affects ! great mass ( human conduct & :at dep5ds on human conduct4 ,& ,sci5ce has (t5 to deal ) approximations :5 no?+ b approximations c be obta9$4 ,we p]petually meet 9 nature ) quantities & relations t _c be accurately express$ nor accurately asc]ta9$1 & we h to be cont5t ) approximations1 & we "k h[ to use !m 9 ,sci5ce4 ,_m *emical prop]ties c only be s express$2 _m prim>y facts1 su* z ! di/ances1 ! volumes1 ! weights ( heav5ly bodies2 & yet ! approximations s]ve our purpose4 ,& s too1 if !re be a res]ve /ill uncov]$ by ! sci5tific po/ulate1 t w n 9 any degree affect our inve/igation ( :at is s cov]$4 ,9 %ort1 ! unity ( all ?+s :i* ,sci5ce is = ev] seek+ w be f\nd n 9 ! physical _w alone1 b 9 ! physical & spiritual unit$4 ,t unity embraces bo?4 ,& ! uni=mity :i* is ! expression ( t unity is n a uni=mity complete 9 nature1 tak5 by itself1 b complete :5 ! two worlds are tak5 toge!r4 ,& ?is ,sci5ce ought to recognise4 ,let u turn f ! physical to ! spiritual4 ,! voice )9 u :i* dem&s our acceptance ( religion makes no direct appeal to ! evid5ce suppli$ by ! s5ses4 ,we are call$ on to believe 9 a supreme law ( duty on pa9 ( be+ l[]$ be=e our own consci5ces4 ,& ?is law ( duty goes on to ass]t its own supremacy ov] all ?+s t exi/1 & t n z an accid5tal fact1 b z inh]5t 9 its ess5ce4 ,& ?is supremacy _c be o!r ?an an accid5tal fact unless x be n only actual b int5d$4 ,& int5tion implies p]sonality2 & ! law ?us %[s itself to be a ,supreme ,be+1 claim+ our rev]5ce1 & ass]t+ ,himself to be ! ,creator1 ! ,rul]1 & ! ,judge ( all ?+s t are4 ,& ?is same voice )9 u ass]ts t we are responsible to ,him = all our conduct1 & are capable ( t responsibility because free to *oose :at t conduct %all be4 ,we are to believe n because ! tru? ( ?is voice is prov$ indep5d5tly ( itself1 b simply because we are comm&$4 ,corroborative evid5ce may be look$ = else:]e1 b ! ma91 ! prim>y evid5ce is )9 ! s\l4 ,h5ce ! /r5g? ( ?is belief dep5ds on ourselves & on our own "*4 ,to e man ! voice speaks4 ,b its au?ority is felt 9 proportion to ! spirituality ( ea* :o he>s4 ,its acceptance is b\nd up 9 "s way ) our own wills4 ,h[ f> x is a matt] ( *oice to believe or to disbelieve x is n possible to def9e4 ,! w lies hidd5 z x 7 beh9d ! emotions1 ! affections1 ! nobl] impulses4 ,! consci5ce %ades (f into ! o!r faculties1 & we _c always isolate x f ! re/4 ,b ?\gh x be impossible to say precisely h[ ! w is conc]n$ 9 ! spiritual belief1 !re c be no d\bt t x always takes its "p 9 su* belief4 ,x is ! ke5 consci5ce1 x is ! w t c be mov$ to its dep?s by ! consci5ce1 t grasp mo/ /rongly ! c]ta9ty ( ! law ( duty4 ,x is ! man ) ! /ronge/ & noble/ aspirations1 ! man :o sees ! beauty ( humility1 ! man :o feels mo/ /rongly ! deep peace ( self-sacrifice1 t is ! man :o f9ds ! voice )9 mo/ irresi/ible4 ,x is n by any means always ! man :o lives ! mo/ correct life2 correctness ( life may be due to natural & n to spiritual causes4 ,& ! man :om we %\ld f9d faultless 9 po9t ( morals may yet be want+ 9 spiritual dep?1 & n h z yet1 & p]haps may n h to ! la/1 ! spiritual faculty /rong )9 him4 ,b ! man1 ev5 if he h _m & griev\s faults1 :o nev]!less is ke5ly susceptible ( high] ?+s1 is ! "o to :om ! voice )9 speaks ) au?ority n to be ga9said1 & to him t voice is f9al4 ,x is ?is fact t ! p]ception ( ?+s spiritual v>ies f man to man1 & dep5ds on "*1 & involves action ( ! w1 t makes x always possible to repres5t our k ( ! law ( duty z 9 itself /&+ on a less sure f\ndation ?an our k ( sci5tific tru?4 ,:e!r a man has or has n ! necess>y p[] ( m9d to compreh5d sci5tific reason+ is te/$ ) comp>ative ease4 ,& if he h t p[]1 ! reason+ is c]ta9 9 c\rse ( "t to be und]/ood1 & :5 x is und]/ood x compels ass5t s long z x keeps )9 its own prop] doma94 ,b ! p]ception ( spiritual tru? dep5ds on a faculty ^: p[] or weakness x is f> m difficult to te/2 & x involves ! w :i* may be ex]t$ on ei!r side4 ,& = ?is reason m5 sometimes dismiss ?is tru? z be+ no m ?an an imag9ation1 ne$$ by "s m5 to satisfy an emotional nature1 b hav+ no sub/ance t c be br\ght to an ext]nal te/4 ,! believ] 9 ,god kn[s t ! tru? :i* he holds is z c]ta9 z ! axioms ( ma!matics2 b he _c make o!rs "k ?is ^: spiritual faculty is n awake2 & he is liable to be ask$ = pro( n ( ! spiritual b ( ! physical k9d4 ,n[ ?is mu* mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 t we _c b expect ! claim to supremacy ov] all ?+s to %[ itself 9 "s way 9 ! creation :i* has come f ,him :o makes t claim4 ,x w\ld1 no d\bt1 be a s]i\s difficulty if ?+s physical & ?+s spiritual 7 cut (f f "o ano!r by an absolute gulf2 if we 7 requir$ to believe t ,god _h creat$ & n[ rul$ ev]y?+1 & yet we c\ld trace n ! slighte/ evid5ce ( ,8 h& ei!r 9 ! creation or 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,!re are !n two ways 9 :i* we are able to recognise ,him ev5 9 ?is _w ( ph5om5a4 ,= 9 ! fir/ place1 ! creation 9 its ord] & its beauty & its m>vell\s adaptation ( means to ends1 confirms ! ass]tion ( ! spiritual faculty t x owes its orig9 to an intellig5t & b5evol5t purpose1 exhibit$ 9 ! =m 9 :i* purpose is always exhibit$4 ,x works t[>ds ends :i* we %\ld expect a holy & b5evol5t ,creator to h 9 view1 & x accompli%es ^? ends 9 s l>ge a proportion t1 mak+ all[ance = ! limit$ range ( our k1 ! g5]al aim ( ! :ole is se5 ) suffici5t cle>ness4 ,! argum5t is n /rong en\gh to compel ass5t f ^? :o h no e>s = ! inw>d spiritual voice1 b x is abundantly suffici5t to answ] ^? :o argue t !re _c be a ,creator because !y _c trace ,8 action4 ,& ! sci5tific doctr9e ( ,evolution1 :i* at fir/ seem$ to take away ! =ce ( ?is argum5t1 is f\nd on exam9ation to confirm x & exp& x4 ,! doctr9e ( ,evolution %[s t ) :atev] design ! _w 0 =m$1 t design 0 ent]ta9$ at ! v beg9n+ & impress$ on e p>ticle ( creat$ matt]1 & t ! appe>ances ( failure are n only to be acc\nt$ = by ! limitation ( our k1 b also by ! fact t we are contemplat+ ! "w be=e x has be5 complet$4 ,& 9 ! second place1 :ile ! creation1 ! m closely x is exam9$ ! m di/9ctly %[s ! m>ks ( ! wisdom & goodness ( ! ,creator1 s ! hi/ory ( ! _w exhibits 9 ! ,revelation made to man cle> pro(s ( t heav5ly love :i* corresponds to ! "* ( ,him :o has put love at ! head ( all ! requirem5ts ( ,8 law4 ,! ,revelation giv5 to u has und5iably made a real m>k on ! _w4 ,x has upheld millions ( m5 9 a hol9ess ( life correspond+ 9 a v real degree to ! hol9ess requir$ by ! law ( duty4 ,x has p]petually m & m cle>$ up ! true tea*+ ( t law4 ,x is /ill cont9u+ ! same process1 & g5]ation aft] g5]ation is bett] able to und]/& t tea*+4 ,its fruits h be5 a h>ve/ ( sa9ts & m>tyrs1 "s kn[n & rev]5c$1 "s q unnotic$4 ,x has leav5$ all lit]ature & all legislation4 ,x has *ang$ ! cu/oms ( mank9d & is /ill *ang+ !m4 ,& if x be repli$ t all ?is is no?+ b "o =m ( ! developm5t ( humanity & %[s no pro( ( a ,div9e ,rul]1 we h a "r to ask :at !n c\ld be ! s\rce ( su* a developm5t1 & h[ is x t s great a p[] %\ld always h work$ 9 ! "n ( ,god & %\ld h always ref]r$ ev]y?+ to ,8 comm&8 ,t fanaticism %\ld plead ,god's au?ority )\t any "r to d s is intelligible4 ,b is x intelligible t all ?is tru? & ju/ice & purity & self-sacrific+ love1 all ?is ob$i5ce to ! ,supreme ,law1 %\ld be ! fruit ( believ+ a lie8 ,if !re be a ,god1 x is to be expect$ t ,he w\ld communicate ) ,8 creatures if ^? creatures 7 capable ( receiv+ ! communication2 & if ,he did communicate ) ,8 creatures x is to be expect$ t ,8 communication w\ld be su* z we f9d 9 ! ,bible4 ,! purpose ( ! ,bible1 ! =m ( x1 ! gradual =mation ( x1 ! /eadily-gr[+ ,revelation conta9$ 9 x1 ^! h>monise ) ! moral law reveal$ orig9ally 9 ! consci5ce4 ,& ! effect :i* ! ,revelation has produc$ on human hi/ory is real & great4 ,! p[] :i* ,god's ,revelation has ex]t$ on ! _w is an und5iable fact among ph5om5a4 ,x is n a demon/ration ( ,8 exi/5ce2 b x is a full answ] to ^? :o say1 ',if ,god made & rules ! _w :y d we f9d no signs ( ,8 h& 9 its c\rse8' ,& ?irdly1 ?is ,revelation has n m]ely tak5 ! =m ( a message or a s]ies ( messages1 b has culm9at$ 9 ! appe>ance ( a p]son :o has always satisfi$ & /ill satisfies ! conception =m$ by our spiritual faculty ( a human repres5tation ( ! div9e law4 ,our ,"l's life is t law translat$ into human action1 & all ! m because human faculties _h n fir/ fram$ ! conception :i* ,he !n came to fulfil1 b ,he exhibit$ ! ideal1 & our conception rose z x 7 to correspond to x4 ,&1 z ,he includes 9 ,himself all ! tea*+1 s does ,he give f ,himself all ! p[] ( ! ,revelation :i* ,he came to cr[n4 ,& e true disciple ( ,*ri/ c be> witness to ! reality ( t p[] 9 su/a9+ ! s\l4 ,?us has ! ,god1 :om our spiritual faculty comm&s u to wor%ip & to rev]5ce1 %[n ,himself 9 ! _w ( ph5om5a4 ,& ,he has giv5 pro(s ( ,8 exi/5ce & ,8 "* precisely correspond+ to ! conception :i* ,he has enabl$1 & inde$ comm&$1 u to =m ( ,him4 ,& x is because ! pro(s t ,he has giv5 are ( ?is nature t we are tempt$ to ask = m pro(s ( a diff]5t k9d4 ,= x is und5iable t believ]s & unbeliev]s alike are p]petually ask+ = pro(s t %all h m ( ! sci5tific & less ( ! religi\s "*1 pro(s t %all m di/9ctly appeal to ! s5ses4 ,believ]s 9 all ages h long$ = ext]nal support to _! fai?2 unbeliev]s h refus$ to believe unless suppli$ ) m physical evid5ce4 ,believ]s %r9k f be+ ?r[n inw>ds on !mselves2 !y fe> ! wav]+ ( _! own fai?2 !y are al>m$ at ! prospect ( ! buttresses ( _! belief be+ tak5 f !m4 ,!y f9d x easi] to believe ! spiritual evid5ce1 if !y c fir/ f9d mu* physical evid5ce4 ,!y wi% 7to use ! ,apo/le's words7 to walk by sight & n by fai?4 ,& unbeliev]s want a tangible pro( t %all compel _! und]/&+ be=e x awakes _! consci5ce4 ,!y dem& a ,revelation1 n only confirm$ by miracles at ! "t1 b confirm$ aga9 & aga9 by repeat$ miracles to e succe$+ g5]ation4 ,!y want miracles 9 e age adapt$ to ! sci5ce ( ! age1 miracles :i* no h>dness ( he>t w\ld be able to d5y1 :i* w\ld conv9ce ! sci5tific man ?r\gh 8 ,sci5ce indep5d5tly ( 8 hav+ any w to make hol9ess 8 aim :5 he _h be5 conv9c$4 ,?is k9d ( evid5ce x has n pleas$ ,god to give4 ,x is n ! sci5tific man t ,god seeks z su*1 any m ?an x is ! ignorant man t ,he seeks z su*4 ,& ! pro(s t ,he gives are pla9ly 9 all cases condition$ by ! rule t ! spiritually m9d$ %all mo/ easily & mo/ ke5ly p]ceive _! =ce4 ,&1 z f> z unbeliev]s are conc]n$1 ,i d n see t m ne$ be said except to tell !m t ?is rule is inflexible1 & t x is by ano!r way t !y mu/ look to f9d ,god1 & n by ! way t !y insi/ on *oos+4 ,b believ]s :o are 9 ! same case ne$ to be w>n$ ( "s v real dang]s t always att5d a fai? :i* makes too mu* ( ?+s n spiritual4 ,=1 fir/1 !re is a real & great dang] t ! spiritual may be altoge!r obscur$ by ! lit]al & ! physical4 ,we look back ) a/oni%m5t on ! ,rabb9ical int]pretations ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & all ! m because ( ! really great & true ?\ghts t are sometimes to be f\nd 9 ! mid/ ( _! fanciful conceits4 ,we c trace ! mis*ief !y did to true ,religion by ! p]v]t$ rev]5ce ) :i* !y reg>d$ ! words & ev5 ! lett]s1 & ! v %apes ( ! lett]s1 9 :i* _! sacr$ books 7 writt54 ,_! p]v]sions ( ! law ( ,god1 _! subtle ref9em5ts ( int]pretation1 _! trivial conceits1 _! false & mislead+ comm5ts & inf]5ces1 all c]ta9ly t5d$ to enc\rage ! hypocrisy :i* our ,"l rebuk$1 & aga9/ :i* ,/4 ,paul cont5d$4 ,b we /ill see some?+ ( ! same _s 9 ! attempt to ma9ta9 a v]bal & ev5 lit]al inspiration ( ! :ole ,bible1 fill+ x n ) ! brea? ( a ,div9e ,_s1 b ) m9ute details ( doctr9e & precept (t5 que/ionable1 &1 :5ev] sep>at$ f ! pr9ciples ( ! et]nal law1 valueless or ev5 mis*iev\s4 ,god's ,^w1 in/ead ( lead+ u to ,him1 is made to /& betwe5 & hide ,8 face4 ,b1 secondly1 !re is a s]i\s risk t if ! m9d be fa/5$ on ?+s ext]nal 9 "s way connect$ )1 b yet di/9ct f ! sub/ance ( ,revelation1 x may turn out t ^! ext]nal ?+s _c hold ! gr\nd on :i* !y h be5 plac$4 ,!y h to be giv5 up by =ce at la/1 :5 !y ought to h be5 giv5 up long be=e4 ,& :5 giv5 up !y too (t5 te> away ) !m "p ( ! /r5g? ( t fai? ( :i* !y _h previ\sly be5 n only ! buttress outside b a "p ( ! liv+ framework4 ,x is di/9ctly ! fault ( religi\s1 n ( sci5tific m51 t !re 0 once a great conte/ betwe5 ! ,bible & ,a/ronomy1 t !re has s9ce be5 a great conte/ betwe5 ! ,bible & ,geology1 t !re is /ill a great conte/ betwe5 ! ,bible & ,evolution4 ,9 no "o ( ^! cases 0 ! ,revelation conta9$ 9 ! ,bible 9 dang]1 b only ! int]pretation commonly put on ! ,bible4 ,x is easy long aft]w>ds to condemn ! oppon5ts ( ,galileo & speak ( _! treatm5t ( him & 8 tea*+ z fanaticism & bigotry2 & su* condemnation has n unfrequ5tly be5 he>d f ! v lips t nev]!less d5\nc$ ! tea*+ ( ! geologi/s4 ,b 9 all ^! cases ! pr9ciple has be5 ! same1 & believ]s h insi/$ t ! ,bible itself 0 gone unless _! int]pretation ( x 0 upheld4 ,& ! mis*ief is d\ble4 ,= _m believ]s1 & m especially unle>n$ believ]s1 in/ead ( g5tly help+ "o ano!r to =m ! necess>y modification ( _! view ( ! ,bible tea*+1 in/ead ( endeav\r+ to f9d ! way out ( ! p]plexity & to dis5tangle ! true spiritual lesson f ! accessories :i* are no "p ( itself1 insi/$ t x mu/ be all or no?+1 & prep>$ = !mselves a v sev]e trial4 ,!re 0 no doctr9e involv$ :atev]2 !re 0 no?+ at /ake on :i* ! spiritual life dep5d$4 ,! duty to be pati5t1 to enquire c>efully1 to /udy ! o!r side1 to wait = light1 0 z pla9 z any duty c\ld be4 ,b all ?is 0 =gott5 9 a some:at unreason+ impulse to resi/ an assault on ! fai?4 ,& !re _c be a d\bt t on all ^! occasions _m believ]s h be5 s]i\sly %ak5 by sl[ly f9d+ out t ! position !y h tak5 is unt5able4 ,:5 m5 h to give up 9 su* circum/ances !y g5]ally give up f> m ?an !y ne$1 & 9 "s cases an unreasonable resi/ance has be5 foll[$ by an equally unreasonable surr5d]4 ,& :ile believ]s h ?us prep>$ a /umbl+block = !mselves !y h put q z great a /umbl+block be=e o!rs4 ,= /ud5ts ( ,sci5ce1 in=m$ by in/ant voices all ar\nd t !y mu/ *oose betwe5 _! ,sci5ce & ! ,bible1 kn[+ z !y did t _! ,sci5ce 0 true1 & suppos+ t ! lov]s & def5d]s ( ! ,bible be/ knew :at its tea*+ 01 _h no *oice z hone/ m5 b to hold ! tru? z f> z !y possess$ x & to give up ! ,bible 9 ord] to ma9ta9 _! ,sci5ce4 ,x 0 a griev\s injury inflict$ on !m2 & ?\gh "s among !m might des]ve no sympa?y1 !re 7 "s :om x 0 a great loss to lose4 ,b 9 ! ?ird place1 ! result ( ?is cl++ to ext]nals is to %ut out ,sci5ce & all its correlative bran*es ( k f _! prop] (fice ( mak+ p]petually cle>] ! true & full mean+ ( ! ,revelation itself4 ,x is int5d$ t ,religion %\ld use ! aid ( ,sci5ce 9 cle>+ h] own conceptions4 ,x is int5d$ t z m5 advance 9 k ( ,god's works & 9 p[] ( h&l+ t k1 !y %\ld f9d !mselves bett] able to int]pret ! message :i* !y h receiv$ f _! ,fa!r 9 ,heav54 ,our k ( ! true mean+ ( ! ,bible has ga9$1 & x 0 int5d$ t x %\ld ga91 by ! increase ( o!r k4 ,sci5ce makes cle>] ?an any?+ else c\ld h made x ! high] level on :i* ! ,bible puts :at is spiritual ov] :at is mat]ial4 ,i d n hesitate to ascribe to ,sci5ce a cle>] k ( ! true int]pretation ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 & to sci5tific hi/ory a tru] k ( ! great hi/orical prophets4 ,! advance ( secul> /udies1 z !y are call$1 cle>s up mu* 9 ! ,psalms1 & mu* 9 ! o!r poetical ,books ( ,scripture4 ,i _c d\bt t ?is 0 int5d$ f ! beg9n+1 & t z ,sci5ce has already done g5u9e s]vice to ,religion 9 ?is way1 s w x d /ill bett] s]vice ) process ( "t4 ,on ?is side also1 z on ! sci5tific side1 ! tea*+ ( ! spiritual faculty & ! tea*+ ( ,revelation indicate t ! physical & ! spiritual worlds are "o :ole1 & t nei!r is complete )\t ! o!r4 ,sci5ce ent]s into ,religion1 & is its c\nt]p>t1 & has its %>e to take 9 ! conduct ( life & 9 ! =mation ( op9ion4 ,& ! believ] is b\nd to recognise its value & make use ( its s]vices4 ,9 conclusion1 x is pla9 t ! antagonism betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,religion arises mu* m f a diff]5ce ( _s & temp] 9 ! /ud5ts ( ea* ?an f any inh]5t opposition betwe5 ! two4 ,! man ( ,sci5ce is incl9$ to %ut out f consid]ation a :ole body ( evid5ce1 ! moral & spiritual2 ! believ] is incl9$ to %ut out ! physical4 ,& ea*1 f long look+ at t evid5ce alone :i* prop]ly belongs to 8 own subject1 is incl9$ to hold ! o!r *eap1 & to *>ge on ^? :o adduce x ei!r bl9dness ( und]/&+ or wilful refusal to accept ! tru?4 ,& :5 su* a conflict arises x is ! high] & n ! l[]1 x is ,fai? & n ,sci5ce t is likely to suff]4 ,= ! physical evid5ce is tangible1 & ! p]ception ( x n mu* affect$ by ! "* ( ! man :o /udies x2 ! spiritual evid5ce /&s un%ak5 9 itself1 b x is hid f eyes t h no spiritual p]ception1 & t p]ception necess>ily v>ies ) ! man4 ,by :at means !n c a man keep 8 spiritual p]ception 9 full activity8 ,& is !re any te/ by :i* a man may "k :e!r 8 spiritual faculty is 9 contact ) ! s\rce ( all spiritual life & is d]iv+ f t s\rce ! full fl[ ( spiritual p[]8 ,revelation1 if x tells u any?+1 ought to tell u ?is4 ,& ! answ] :i* ,revelation makes is express$ 9 ! words ( ,/4 ,paul1 ',no man c say t ,jesus is ! ,"l1 b by ! ,holy ,gho/4' ,?is doctr9e runs ?r\gh ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & x implies t "o ma9 purpose ( our ,"l's appe>ance among m5 0 to give !m 9 ,8 life1 ,8 "*1 ,8 example1 ,8 tea*+1 at once a t\*/one by :i* !y c\ld always try _! own spirits1 & judge ( ! real condition ( _! own spiritual faculty1 & also a vivid pres5tation ( ! supreme spiritual law by :i* !y c\ld = ev] m & m elevate & purify & /r5g!n _! own spiritual p[] & k4 ,let a man /udy ! ,jesus ( ! ,gospels4 ,let him put be=e 8 consci5ce ! tea*+ t ,jesus gives2 ! picture drawn ( our ,fa!r 9 ,heav5 ^: hol9ess _c all[ a /a9 ^u a s+le s\l1 & ^: t5d]ness _c endure t a s+le s\l %\ld p]i%2 ,:o rule? all ! univ]se1 & yet )\t :om n a sp>r[ falle? to ! gr\nd2 ! picture drawn ( ! ideal human life1 ! humility1 ! hung] & ?ir/ aft] righte\sness1 ! utt] self-sacrifice1 ! purity2 ! picture drawn ( human ne$1 ! helplessness1 ! hopelessness ( man )\t ,god4 ,let him pond] on all ?is & on ! _m t\*+ expressions1 ! tru?1 ! dep?1 ! =ce1 ! sup]human sweetness & g5tl5ess ) :i* all is pres5t$4 ,& if 8 consci5ce b[s be=e x1 & c say )\t res]ve & 9 unalloy$ s9c]ity1 ',?is is my ,"l2 ,he %all be my tea*]2 "h ,i recognise ! fulness ( ! et]nal law2 at ,8 feet w ,i h5ce=? sit & le>n2 ?r\gh ,him w ,i dr9k ( ! well-spr+s ( et]nal tru?2 ,8 voice w ,i tru/ to ! v utmo/2' !n may t man be sure t 8 consci5ce is 9 contact ) ! ,fa!r ( spirits1 & t 8 /udy w guide him into full] & cle>] k1 & m c]ta9 conviction t he is grasp+ ! tru? ( ,god4 ,let a man put be=e 8 he>t our ,"l's own "*4 ,let him ?9k ( ! life ( privation )\t compla9t1 ( s]vice to ,8 k9d )\t a ?\ght ( self2 ( ,8 unfail+ sympa?y ) ! unhappy1 ( ,8 t5d]ness to ! p5it5t2 ( ,8 royal simplicity & humility2 ( ,8 unwe>i$ p]sev]ance 9 ! face ( angry opposition2 ( ,8 deep affection = ! fri5ds ( ,8 *oice ev5 :5 !y des]t$ ,him 9 ,8 h\r ( d>kness2 ( ,8 dea? on ! ,cross & ! une>?ly love t brea!d 9 e ^w ,he utt]$ & ev]y?+ ,he did4 ,let him read all ?is _m times2 & if 8 he>t goes out to ! ,man :om he is ?us behold+1 if he c say ) all 8 s\l1 ,?is is my ,"l2 "h is ! supreme object ( my affection2 ,him w ,i love ) all my /r5g?2 f ,him ,i w nev]1 if ,i c help x1 let my he>t sw]ve2 no o!r d ,i "k m wor?y to be lov$2 no o!r w ,i keep m /eadily be=e my eyes2 no o!r w ,i m e>ne/ly desire to imitate2 no o!r %all be my example1 my tru/1 my /r5g?1 my ,savi\r2 if a man c say ?is1 x is c]ta9 t 8 he>t is t\*$ by ,god1 & ! heav5ly fire is k9dl$ 9 8 s\l4 ,let a man put be=e 8 w ! ,"l's comm&s2 ! aims1 ! self-re/ra9ts1 ! aspirations t ! ,"l requir$ 9 ,8 disciples4 ,let him pond] on ! call to heav5ly c\rage 9 spite ( all t e>? c inflict or c take away2 ! call to take up ! ,cross & foll[ ,him t 0 crucifi$2 ! w>n+s & ! promises1 ! precepts & ! prohibitions2 let him ?9k ( ! ,lead] :o nev] fl9*$1 ( ! ,lawgiv] :o outdid ,8 own law2 let him ?9k on ! nobl5ess ( ! aims to :i* ,he po9t$2 ( ! promise ( inw>d peace made to ^? :o sacrific$ !mselves1 made by our ,"l & re-e*o$ f ! v dep?s ( our spiritual be+2 let him ?9k ( ! sure help promis$ 9 return = absolute tru/1 tri$ by millions ( sa9ts & nev] yet kn[n to fail4 ,let a man put ?is be=e 8 w1 & if he c say ) all 8 s\l1 ,?is is my ,"l2 "h ,i recognise ,him :o has a "r to my absolute ob$i5ce2 "h is ! ,ma/] t ,i mean to s]ve & foll[2 & 9 spite ( my own weakness & bl9dness1 9 spite ( my s9s1 9 spite ( /umbl+ & we>9ess ( resolution1 9 spite ( temptations & 9 spite ( falls1 ,i w n let my eyes sw]ve1 nor my purpose quit my w2 ?r\gh dea? itself ,i w obey my ,"l & tru/ to ,him to c>ry me ?r\gh :atev] comes2 t man mo/ c]ta9ly is mov+ 9 ! /r5g? ( ,god1 & ! p[] ( ! ,et]nal ,_s lives )9 him4 ,our ,"l is ! cr[n1 nay1 ! v sub/ance ( all ,revelation4 ,if ,he _c conv9ce ! s\l1 no o!r c4 ,! believ] /akes all fai? on ,8 tru?2 all hope on ,8 p[]4 ,if ! man ( ,sci5ce w\ld le>n :at x is t makes believ]s s sure ( :at !y hold1 he mu/ /udy ) an op5 he>t ! ,jesus ( ! ,gospels2 if ! believ] seeks to keep 8 fai? /eady 9 ! pres5ce ( s _m & sometimes s viol5t /orms ( disputation1 he w read (1 pond] on1 pray to1 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,data ( ,philosophy4