,,hi/ory  ,,&  ,,ecclesia/ical          
,,relations  ,,( ,,!  ,,*ur*es ,,( ,,!  
,,presbyt]ial ,,ord]1  ,,at  ,,amoy1    
,,*9a4  ,,by  ,,rev4 ,j4,v4,n4          
,,talmage1  ,,mission>y ,,( ,,! ,,prot4 
,,ref4 ,,dut* ,,*ur*4  ,new ,york3      
,,wynkoop1 ,,hall5beck  ,,?omas1        
,,pr9t]s1 #aac ,,fulton ,,/4 #ahfc4     
,,preface4   ,to ! ,m9i/]s1 ,eld]s1 &   
,memb]s ( ! ,re=m$ ,dut* ,*ur*3  ,x is  
prop] t ,i give "s reasons = !          
publication ( ?is pap]4 ,! importance ( 
! subject ( ! ecclesia/ical organization
 ( ! *ur*es ga!r$ 9 hea!n l&s1 ,i       
conceive to be a suffici5t reason4 ,^?  
:o may diff] 9 reg>d to ! views set =? 9
 ?is pap]1 w n dispute ! importance ( ! 
subject4 ,in/ead ( ! que/ions involv$   
hav+ be5 settl$ by any ( ! ,presbyt]ian 
,d5om9ations ( ?is c\ntry 7! ,dut* ,*ur*
 includ$ among !m71 by exp]im5ts 9      
,india or any o!r hea!n l&1 v few ( !   
*ur*es ga!r$ f ! hea!n1 by ^! v>i\s     
,d5om9ations1 h yet arriv$ at a /age (  
developm5t suffici5t = practical        

application ( ! exp]im5t4 7,see         
foot-note1 page #afj47 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 
a few mission *ur*es1 :]e ! subject is  
n[ becom+ "o ( va/ practical importance4
 ,! ,*ur* at ,amoy /&s out prom95t among
 ^!4 ,) ! cont9uance ( ! div9e bless+   
!re w soon be _m su*4 ,h5ce ! importance
 ( ! discussion1 & its importance n[4   
,_m exp]im5ts h be5 made 9 ref]5ce to ! 
be/ way ( conduct+ ! "w ( missions4 ,!  
,*ur* has improv$ by !m1 & has be5      
compell$ to unle>n _m ?+s4 ,we are      
cont9ually return+ t[>ds ! simple plan  
laid d[n 9 ,god's ,^w4 ,z ! ,*ur* by    
exp]im5t & by discussion has ?us be5 l$ 
to retrace "s ( h] /eps 9 ! prelim9>y "w
 ( missions1 %\ld %e n be ready to take 
advantage ( exp]im5t & discussion1 9    
ref]5ce to ! ecclesia/ical organization 
( ! mission *ur*es1 & /& ready to       
retrace "s ( h] /eps 9 ?is second /age (
 ! "w ( missions1 if ne$ be1 9 ord] to  
con=m m fully to ! doctr9es ( our       
,presbyt]ial *ur* polity8 ,i w\ld use ! 
phrase ,scriptural *ur* polity1 b ,i    

suppose x is ! univ]sal belief ( our    
,*ur*1 t ,presbyt]ial polity is         
scriptural4 ,at any rate1 x is ! duty ( 
! ,*ur* to exam9e ! subject c>efully4   
,%e has no?+ to fe> f su* exam9ation4   
,%e %\ld fe> to neglect x4  ,9 addition 
to ! importance ( ! subject 9 itself    
consid]$1 ,i h o!r reasons = discuss+ x 
at ! pres5t "t4 ,!re are mi/ak5         
impressions abroad 9 ! ,*ur*1 conc]n+ ! 
views & c\rse ( y\r mission>ies at      
,amoy1 :i* mu/ be injuri\s to ! cause ( 
missions 9 our ,*ur*4 ,x w\ld seem to be
 a pla9 duty to correct ^! impressions4 
,i w quote an extract f a lett]1 ,i     
rec5tly receiv$1 f an honor$ mission>y (
 a si/] ,*ur*3  ,i h he>d mu*1 & se5 "s 
notices 9 ! pap]s ( ! battle y f\ght on 
! floor ( ,synod1 & w\ld l to he> y\r   
side ( ! subject f y\r own m\?1 z ! "q  
has also be5 a practical "o ) u4 99 99  
99 99 99 ,we h our own ,presbyt]y1 &    
manage our own bus9ess1 & insi/ on n    
hav+ too mu* ( :at !y call ! new sci5ce 
( ,mission>y managem5t2 a sci5ce :i*1 ,i

 believe1 has be5 cultivat$ f> too      
assidu\sly4 ,x 0 ?is1 m ?an any?+ else1 
:i* kept me f go+ out "u !              
,a4,b4,c4,f4,m41 & to ,amoy4 99 99 99 99
 99 ,i he>1 h[ev]1 f "s1 t :at y & !    
bre?r5 !re _h =m$1 0 "s sort ( loose    
,congregational association4 ,if s1 ,i  
mu/ judge aga9/ y1 = ,i believe 9 ! jure
 div9o ( ,presbyt]y 7or ,classis if y   
*oose s to call x71 & ,i ?9k y & !y %\ld
 h be5 all[$ to =m a ,presbyt]y !re1 &  
manage all y\r own affairs1 & t y\r     
,bo>ds at home %\ld be cont5t to consid]
 !mselves a committee to raise & s5d on 
! funds4 ,b x is h>d = ! ,d4 ,d's & big 
folk at home to come to t4 ,!y ?9k !y   
mu/ manage ev]y?+1 or all w g wrong2    
:ile h[ little x is t !y c be br\ght to 
"k or realize ( ! real nature ( ! "w    
abroad2 & !n x is ! old battle (        
patronage ov] aga94 ,^? :o give ! money 
mu/ gov]n1 & ^? :o receive x mu/ give up
 _! lib]ty1 & be no long] ,*ri/'s       
freem54  ,?is is only a specim51 "o (   
_m1 ( ! mi/ak5 impressions abroad 9 !   

,*ur* conc]n+ ! views & do+s ( y\r      
,mission>ies4 ,may we n1 mu/ we n1      
correct !m8 ,! lett] also illu/rates !  
evils result+ f all[+ mi/ak5 impressions
 to rema9 9 ! ,*ur* uncorrect$4 ,!re has
 long be5 an impression 9 our ,*ur* t ! 
,a4,b4,c4,f4,m4 int]f]$ ) !             
ecclesia/ical affairs ( our missions4   
,we h be5 in=m$ t sev]al ( our "y m51   
be=e our ,*ur* sep>at$ f t ,bo>d1 7     
det]r$ !reby f devot+ !mselves to !     
=eign ,mission>y "w4 ,! writ] ( ! above 
lett]1 probably hav+ m ( ! ,mission>y   
_s1 0 n will+1 on t acc\nt1 to give up !
 "w1 b 0 l$ to (f] himself to ! ,bo>d ( 
a si/] ,*ur*4 ,! ,mission at ,amoy1 &   
our ,*ur*1 h ?us be5 depriv$ ( ! b5efit 
( 8 labors by means ( an errone\s       
impression4 ,:5 we le>n$ ! fact ( su* an
 impression exi/+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 we      
endeavor$ to correct x4 ,9 our lett] (  
#ahef1 to ,g5]al ,synod1 we call$       
p>ticul> att5tion to ! subject4 ,"h is a
 "p ( "o s5t5ce3 ,x seems to u a duty1 &
 we take ?is opportunity to be>         

te/imony1 t nei!r ,dr4 ,&]son1 nor !    
,prud5tial ,committee h ev]1 9 any      
communication :i* we h receiv$ f !m1 9  
any way1 ei!r by dictation1 or by !     
expression ( op9ions1 int]f]$ 9 ! lea/ )
 our ecclesia/ical relations4 ,we fail$ 
to get t lett] publi%$1 & ,i f9d !      
errone\s impression /ill preval5t1 work+
 its mis*ief 9 ! *ur*es4  ,b to return  
to ! subject ( ! mi/ak5 impressions     
conc]n+ ! views ( y\r ,mission>ies at   
,amoy4 ,^! impressions w\ld h be5 p>tly 
correct$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 if ! report ( !     
proce$+s ( ,synod1 9 ,! ,*ri/ian        
,intellig5c]1 _h be5 m correct on ?is   
subject4 ,t pap] /ates1 t1 on ,friday   
ev5+1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,talmage !n took !     
floor1 & address$ ! ,synod = ne>ly two  
h\rs1 b does n give a s+le ^w or idea   
utt]$ by him4 ,x is c>eful to report !  
only unk9d words aga9/ ! ,mission>ies   
utt]$ dur+ t :ole discussion1 :i*1 ) ?is
 s+le exception1 0 conduct$ 9 a _s ( !  
utmo/ ,*ri/ian k9dness2 b does n give a 
^w ( ! rem>ks made on ! ,friday ev5+    

previ\s1 on t v subject1 9 ju/ification 
( _! c\rse4  ,x seems to be a duty1 ?\gh
 pa9ful1 to speak p>ticul>ly on ?is     
subject4 ,look at ! foll[+ language3 ,i 
"k t we are told t ! hybrid organization
 i4e4 ! ,classis1 a c\rt ( ! ,*ur* (    
,*ri/1 at ,amoy :i* n[ exi/s is e way   
suffici5t & satisfactory2 t x is ! fruit
 ( ,*ri/ian love1 & t to di/urb x w\ld  
be r5d+ ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,"h "o might    
ask1 h[ x came to exi/ at all1 see+ t   
?is ,synod spoke s pla9ly1 &            
unambigu\sly1 9 #aheg2 & ,i1 = "o1      
cordially concur 9 ! rem>k ( ! eld]1    
,s*ieffel91 t ! bre?r5 !re 'des]ve      
c5sure4' ,we d n c5sure !m1 nor d we    
propose to d s2 b t !y des]ve x is      
und5iable4 ,b ! po9t is1 h[ c our       
disapproval ( ! mongrel ,classis m> !   
peace ( ! ,amoy bre?r58 ,?is language 0 
us$ by ! ,presid5t ( ,synod1 aft] ask+  
:e!r ! ,synod 0 ready = ! "q1 ! "q be+  
ab\t to be put1 :5 an attempt to answ] x
 seem$ altoge!r out ( place4 ,9 all !   
circum/ances x seem$ almo/ l ! *>ge ( a 

judge to a jury4 ,i d n say t !re is any
 improp] _s manife/$1 or opprobri\s     
expressions employ$ 9 ?is language1 or t
 ! ,presid5t did wrong 9 wait+ until !  
discussion 0 ov] be=e he utt]$ x1 or t !
 mission>ies are n des]v+ ( su* sev]e   
c5sure--( all ^! ?+s let ! ,*ur*        
judge--b ,i d say t ! spread+ ( su*     
language & su* *>ges broadca/1 be=e !   
,*ur* & be=e ! _w1 dem&s t ! mission>ies
 be he>d 9 self-def5se1 or1 :i* is all  
!y ask1 t !y be all[$ to /ate ! facts & 
views :i* guid$ !m 9 _! action4         
,d\btless x 0 an ov]sight t su* a       
"o-sid$ report on ?is subject appe>$ 9  
,! ,*ri/ian ,intellig5c]4 ,at lea/ x 0 n
 at all design$ t inju/ice be done to ! 
,mission>ies1 b1 unless !y be all[$ to  
speak = !mselves1 is n inju/ice done !m8
 ,x seem$ to me t a v mi/ak5 impression 
conc]n+ ! views express$ by me1 ne> !   
close ( ! session ( ,synod1 0 also      
convey$ by ! ,report4 ,?is ,i attempt$  
to correct by a note to ! editor1 b ev5 
! "r ( correct+ my own s5tim5ts &       

language 0 refus$1 my note g>bl$1 &1 z  
,i ?\ght1 my views aga9 misrepres5t$4 ,m
 ?an ?is1 ! impli$ *>ge is publi%$ to ! 
_w t ,i am seek+ to excite diss5sion    
among ! *ur*es1 & opposition to !       
con/itut$ au?ority ( ,synod4#a ,x w\ld  
!re=e be great d]eliction ( duty to     
return to my field ( labor1 all[+ my own
 views1 & ! views ( my co-labor]s1 to be
 ?us mi/ak5 9 ! ,*ur*1 & su* s]i\s *>ges
 aga9/ our c\rse unansw]$4 ,i am n aw>e 
t any c5sor%ip ( ! press has be5        
au?oriz$ by ,g5]al ,synod4 ,surely if   
o!rs are all[$ to be he>d = u we %\ld be
 all[$ ! "r to be he>d = ourselves4 ,we 
7 unable by writ+ f ,amoy to get our    
views be=e ! ,*ur*4 ,i mu/1 !re=e1 :ile 
9 ?is l&1 endeavor to make !m kn[n4     
,footnote #a3 ,if ?is language seem too 
/rong or uncall$ =1 see ,app5dix ,b1 at 
! end4  ,i h be5 advis$ by "s to delay !
 publication ( ?is pap] a few mon?s1    
until we le>n ! effect ( ! decision ( ! 
la/ ,synod on ! ,mission at ,amoy1 & see
 :at c\rse ! ,*ur* !re may feel compell$

 to adopt4 ,i d n see ! =ce ( su*       
advice4 ,:atev] may be ! c\rse ( ! ,*ur*
 !re1 ! intr9sic m]its ( ! "q w be      
un*ang$ !reby4 ,besides ?is1 ,i _c af=d 
su* delay4 ,i h be5 look+ =w>d to z     
spe$y return z possible to t field (    
labor4 ,w\ld x be "r to leave ! :ole    
subject to ! eve ( my dep>ture1 & ?us   
%ut myself (f f ! possibility ( def5d+  
or fur!r expla9+ my views1 if su* def5se
 or explanation be call$ =8  ,i h be5   
ask$1 ,:y n br+ ?is subject be=e ! ,*ur*
 ?r\gh ! columns ( ! ,*ri/ian           
,intellig5c]8 ,?is "q1 aft] :at has be5 
said above1 ne$ n n[ be answ]$4         
,d\btless ! editor is responsible = :at 
appe>s 9 8 columns4 ,! only res\rce left
 ! ,mission seems to be ! "o ,i h *os54 
,i regret ! necessity ( discuss+ !      
subject1 s9ce ! action ( ! la/ ,synod1 b
 we c\ld n discuss x previ\sly )\t runn+
 c\nt] to ! same advice :i* w\ld n[     
re/ra9 u4 ,i d n at all suppose1 h[ev]1 
t by ! c\rse ,i am tak+ ,i %all become  
guilty ( disob$i5ce to ! au?ority (     

,synod4 ,nei!r %\ld x be ! occasion (   
creat+ diss5sions 9 ! *ur*es4 ,!        
discussion ( any important subject 9 a  
prop] _s is nei!r oppos$ to ! doctr9es (
 ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 nor to ! doctr9es
 ( ! ,dut* ,*ur*1 & ,i am will+ to leave
 x to ^? :o may read ! foll[+ pages to  
decide :e!r !re be 9 !m any manife/ation
 ( an improp] _s4 ,we1 & ^? :o diff] f  
u1 are all seek+ ! same end1 i4e4 !     
glory ( ,god ?r\gh ! advancem5t ( 8     
cause4 ,all t ,i ask = myself &         
co-labor]s is an imp>tial he>+4         
,p]haps1 9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ any mi/ak5
 impression1 ,i ought to add t !        
relations betwe5 ! ,mission>ies & !     
,bo>d ( ,=eign ,missions ( our ,*ur*1 h 
always be5 ( ! mo/ pleasant "*4 ,:atev] 
h be5 _! diff]5ces ( op9ion on ?is mo/  
important subject1 or on any o!r        
subject1 !y h n caus$1 s f> z ,i am     
aw>e1 ! lea/ int]ruption ( t w>m        
,*ri/ian fri5d%ip :i* has always exi/$1 
or be5 ! occasion ( "o unk9d utt]ance 9 
all _! mutual correspond5ce4 ,:y n s8   

,_c ,*ri/ians reason ) ea* o!r1 ev5 on  
subjects ( ! highe/ mom5t1 9 su* a _s z 
n only to avoid animosities1 b ev5 to   
increase p]sonal fri5d%ip8 ,if ?is pap] 
%\ld prove ! occasion ( discussion 9 our
 ,*ur*1 let me express ! hope t su*     
discussion w be c>ri$ on 9 su* a _s4    
,j4,v4,n4 ,,talmage4  ,b\nd ,brook1     
,n4,j41 ,octob]1 #ahfc4     ,,hi/ory    
,,&  ,,ecclesia/ical ,,relations  ,,(   
,,! ,,*ur*es ,,( ,,! ,,presbyt]ial      
,,ord]1  ,,at  ,,amoy1 ,,*9a4   ,! fir/ 
,prote/ant ,mission>ies at ,amoy arriv$ 
!re 9 ! ye> #ahdb4 ,!y 7 ,dr4 ,abeel ( !
 ,am]ican ,re=m$ ,dut* ,*ur*1 & ,bi%op  
,boone ( ! ,am]ican ,episcopal ,*ur*4   
,aft] ^! !re arriv$ ,mission>ies ( !    
,london ,mission>y ,society1 ( !        
,am]ican ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 ( ! ,engli%
 ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & o!rs ( ! ,am]ican
 ,re=m$ ,dut* ,*ur*4  ,bi%op ,boone soon
 left ,amoy1 & no o!rs ( 8 ,*ur* h s9ce 
!n be5 /ation$ !re4 ,! ,am]ican         
,presbyt]ian ,mission 0 remov$ to o!r   
p>ts ( ,*9a4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re are    

?ree ,missions at ,amoy1 viz43 !        
,missions ( ! ,am]ican ,re=m$ ,dut*     
,*ur*1 ( ! ,london ,mission>y ,society1 
& ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4  ,!   
,mission>ies ( ! ,london ,mission>y     
,society are ,indep5d5ts or             
,congregationali/s1 & h organiz$ _!     
*ur*es aft] ! ,congregational ord]4 ,?us
 _! *ur*es =m a di/9ct ,d5om9ation1 &   
no?+ fur!r ne$ be said ( !m 9 ?is pap]4 
,! fir/ ,mission>y ( ! ,engli%          
,presbyt]ian ,*ur* at ,amoy 0 ,dr4 ,jas4
 ,"y4 ,he arriv$ 9 ,may1 #ahej4 ,at t "t
 !re 7 two ,mission>ies connect$ ) our  
7,r4,d4,c47 ,mission1 viz43 ,rev4 ,e4   
,doty1 on ! gr\nd1 & ,rev4 ,j4,v4,n4    
,talmage1 abs5t on a visit to ! ,unit$  
,/ates4 ,!re 7 !n "u our c>e six native 
*ur* memb]s4 ,five ( !m _h be5 baptiz$  
by our ,mission>ies at ,amoy4 ,! o!r _h 
be5 baptiz$ 9 ,siam1 by a               
,congregationali/ or ,presbyt]ian ,m9i/]
 ( ! ,a4,b4,c4,f4,m4  ,dr4 ,"y1 be+ a   
physician1 & n an orda9$ ,m9i/]1 in/ead 
( comm5c+ an indep5d5t "w1 inasmu* z our

 doctr9es & ord] ( *ur* gov]nm5t did n  
ess5tially diff] f ^? ( 8 own ,*ur*1 v  
naturally became m especially associat$ 
) u 9 our "w4 ,a s*ool "u ! c>e ( our   
,mission1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,doty did n feel   
able to cont9ue ! *>ge1 0 pass$ ov] to 8
 c>e4 ,he also r5d]$ m$ical assi/ance to
 ! ,mission>ies1 & to ! ,*9ese1 bo? 9   
,amoy1 & by occasional t\rs 9 ! c\ntry4 
,9 8 labors he 0 usually assi/$ by      
native ,*ri/ians "u our c>e4  ,! fir/   
orda9$ ,mission>y ( ! ,engli%           
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 at ,amoy1 0 ,rev4   
,william ,c4 ,burns4 ,he jo9$ ,dr4 ,"y 9
 ,july1 #ahea4 ,:ile he r5d]$           
consid]able assi/ance to ! bre?r5 ( !   
,london ,mission>y ,society1 be+ ready  
to prea* ! gospel at e opportunity1     
provid5tially he became especially      
associat$ ) u1 & ) ! native ,*ri/ians "u
 our c>e4 ,a rem>kable outp\r+ ( ! ,_s (
 ,god _h accompani$ ! labors ( ,rev4    
,mr4 ,burns1 9 8 native l&4 ,s !        
rem>kable outp\r+ ( t same ,_s 9 ,amoy1 
& vic9ity1 occurr$ sometime aft] 8      

arrival1 & mu* ( ?is good "w 0 manife/ly
 connect$ ) 8 labors4 ,! p]man5t "w 9 ! 
c\ntry ar\nd ,amoy comm5c$ ?r\gh 8      
in/rum5tality1 9 connection ) native    
memb]s ( ! *ur* "u our c>e4 ,we desir$  
him to take ! *>ge ( t "w1 & ga!r a *ur*
 at ,peh-*ui-ia1 "u ! c>e ( ! ,engli%   
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,b1 at 8 urg5t      
reque/1 we took ! pa/oral ov]sight ( !  
"w 9 t region1 adm9i/]+ ! sacram5ts to !
 native conv]ts4  ,rev4 ,james          
,john/one1 ( ! same ,mission1 arriv$ 9  
,decemb]1 #ahec4 ,he und]took ! c>e ( ! 
*ur* be+ ga!r$ at ,peh-*ui-ia1 assum+1 9
 behalf ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 
all ! exp5ses !re(1 we cont9u+ ! pa/oral
 ov]sight until su* "t z 8 k ( !        
language %\ld be suffici5t to enable him
 to relieve u4  ,9 consequ5ce ( !       
ill-heal? ( ,dr4 ,"y1 he & ,mr4 ,burns  
left ,amoy1 9 ,augu/1 #ahed4 ,mr4       
,john/one1 9 consequ5ce ( ill-heal?1    
left 9 ,may1 #ahee1 be=e he 0 able to   
relieve u fully f ! pa/oral c>e ( ! *ur*
 at ,peh-*ui-ia4  ,rev4 ,c>/airs        

,d\glas1 ( ! same ,mission1 arriv$ at   
,amoy 9 ,july1 #ahee1 & imm$iately ent]$
 on ! "w ( ,mr4 ,john/one1 we cont9u+ ! 
pa/oral ov]sight ( ! *ur* at            
,peh-*ui-ia1 until 8 k ( ! language     
enabl$ him to assume x4  ,be=e ! bre?r5 
( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 7 able to
 assume pa/oral responsibility1 ! "w    
spread f ,peh-*ui-ia to ,*ioh-be4 ,x 0  
?\ght be/ t we take ! *>ge ( t /ation4  
,aft] ! dep>ture ( ,dr4 ,"y1 all !      
,mission>ies ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian   
,*ur*1 = sev]al ye>s1 7 unm>ri$ m54     
,!re=e1 !y resolv$ to devote !mselves m 
especially to "w 9 ! c\ntry1 leav+ to   
our especial c>e ! *ur* 9 ! city (      
,amoy1 & ! "o out-/ation at ,*ioh-be4   
,amoy 0 /ill necess>ily _! place (      
resid5ce4 ,all _! "w at ,amoy 0 9       
connection ) ! *ur* "u our c>e4 ,9 !    
c\ntry we assi/$ !m z we _h opportunity1
 & z occasion dem&$4 ,!y did ! same = u4
 ,9 fact1 we & !y h work$ toge!r z "o   
,*ur*1 & almo/ z "o ,mission1 ) !       
exception ( keep+ pecuni>y matt]s       

di/9ct4  ,m rec5tly ! ,engli%           
,presbyt]ian ,mission 0 re9=c$ by "o    
memb] ) a family1 & x seem$ a prop] "t =
 !m to comm5ce m direct "w at ,amoy4 ,a 
v popul\s suburb 7,e-mng-kang7 0 select$
 z a suitable & promis+ /ation4 ,!y     
assum$ ! imm$iate c>e1 & all ! exp5se ( 
x1 employ+1 z at all ! o!r /ations1     
indiscrim9ately1 memb]s ( _! own or (   
our *ur*es z help]s4  ,we are n afraid t
 our ,*ur* w ev] blame u = work+ ?us    
h>moni\sly1 & unit$ly1 ) our ,engli%    
,presbyt]ian bre?r51 & we feel confid5t 
t none ( h] ,mission>ies w\ld cons5t to 
"w on any o!r pr9ciples4 ,if !re be any 
:o1 "u simil> circum/ances1 w\ld refuse 
?us to "w1 ?is w\ld be suffici5t evid5ce
 t !y _h mi/ak5 _! call+4 ,if any blame 
is to be atta*$ to ! c\rse !            
,mission>ies h pursu$1 x is n t !y h    
work$ ?us 9 h>mony & unison ) ! ,engli% 
,presbyt]ian bre?r51 b t !y h fail$ to  
keep ! *ur*es "u _! c>e ecclesia/ically 
di/9ct4 ,"s d feel incl9$ to c5sure u = 
?is4 ,x mu/ be1 h[ev]1 because ( "s     

great misappreh5sion on _! "p4 ,! ,synod
 has di/9ctly utt]$ a contr>y s5tim5t1  
i4e4 t ! c\rse ( ! ,mission>ies is n    
c5surable4 ,we d n believe t our ,*ur*1 
:5 %e und]/&s ! true /ate ( ! case1 w   
ev] c5sure u on ?is acc\nt4 ,x w\ld n be
 accord+ to ! _s ( h] ,ma/]4 ,he pray$ t
 ,8 p might be "o1 b he nev] pray$ = _! 
sep>ation f ea* o!r4 ,:5 sep>ation is   
necess>y1 x is a necess>y evil4 ,b m (  
?is h]eaft]4 ,our ,*ur* might well h    
c5sur$ u1 if we _h adopt$ l[] pr9ciples 
z h] repres5tatives 9 build+ up ! ,*ur* 
( ,*ri/ 9 ,*9a4  ,! fir/ organization ( 
a *ur* at ,amoy "u our c>e1 by !        
ord9ation ( a ,consi/ory1 took place 9  
#ahef4 ,! ,mission>ies ( our ,bo>d !n on
 ! gr\nd 7 ,doty & ,talmage4 ,mr4       
,d\glas 0 ! only ,mission>y ( ! ,engli% 
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 7,mr4 ,joralmon1 (  
our ,*ur*1 arriv$ betwe5 ! "t ( !       
election & ! ord9ation ( (fice-be>]s47  
,:5 ! "t came = ! organization ( !      
,*ur*1 we felt a solemn responsibility  
re/+ on u4 ,we suppos$ x to be our duty 

to organize ! ,*ur* 9 ,*9a ) ref]5ce    
simply to its own welf>e1 & effici5cy 9 
! "w ( evangeliz+ ! hea!n ar\nd4        
,believ+ 7aft] due delib]ation7 t ! ord]
 ( our own ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica w\ld be/     
secure ?is end1 ( c\rse we adopt$ x4 ,we
 did n suppose t we 7 s5t out to build  
up ! ,am]ican ,dut* ,*ur* 9 ,*9a1 b a   
,*ur* aft] ! same ord]1 a purely ,*9ese 
,*ur*4 ,h[ mu* ! gr[? & effici5cy ( our 
,*ur* 9 ?is c\ntry has be5 promot$ by   
reta9+ 7r ins]t+7 ! t]m ,dut* 9 h] "n1  
,i w n n[ attempt to discuss4 ,i suppose
 ! pr9cipal argum5t 9 favor !re( is f\nd
 9 ! fact t our ,*ur*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1
 0 a colony f ,holl&4 ,! ,*ur* 9 ,*9a is
 n a colony f ,holl&1 or ,am]ica4 ,we   
mu/ n1 !re=e1 entail on h] ! d\ble evil 
( bo? ! t]ms ,am]ican & ,dut* or ! s+le 
evil ( ei!r ( ^! t]ms4 ,y\r ,mission>ies
 w nev] cons5t to be in/rum5tal 9 caus+ 
su* an evil4  ,we _h already adopt$ !   
ord] & cu/oms ( our ,*ur* at home1 s f> 
z !y c\ld be adopt$ 9 an unorganiz$     
,*ur*4 ,! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian bre?r5 _h

 adopt$ ! same4 ,!y f\nd t !re 7 no     
diff]5ces ( any importance betwe5 u &   
!m2 ! *ur*es be+ ga!r$ "u our c>e & "u  
!irs--gr[+ out ( ea* o!r & be+          
ess5tially "o--nei!r we nor !y c\ld see 
any suffici5t reason = organiz+ two     
di/9ct d5om9ations4 ,especially _h we no
 reason = su* a c\rse1 inasmu* z !y 7   
will+ ev5 to con=m to our peculi>ities4 
,we mo/ cordially invit$ ,mr4 ,d\glas to
 unite ) u 9 ! organization ( ! ,*ur*1 &
 he z cordially accept$ ( ! invitation4 
,9 ref]5ce to ?is subject ,mr4 ,d\glas  
wrote to _! ,correspond+ ,secret>y z    
foll[s3 ,i ne$ h>dly say t ?is          
transaction does n consi/ 9 memb]s ( "o 
*ur* jo9+ ano!r1 nor 9 two *ur*es unit+1
 b x is an attempt to build up on ! soil
 ( ,*9a1 ) ! lively /ones prep>$ by !   
great ,ma/]-build]1 an ecclesia/ical    
body hold+ ! gr& doctr9es enunciat$ at  
,we/m9/] & ,dort1 & ! pr9ciples (       
,presbyt]ian polity embrac$ at !        
,re=mation by ! pure/ *ur*es on !       
cont95t & 9 ,brita92 x w also be a      

beautiful po9t 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is infant  
,*ur* t ! "u-build]s employ$ 9 %ap+ &   
arrang+ ! /ones1 7 mess5g]s ( two       
diff]5t 7?\gh n diff]+17 *ur*es 9 ! two 
great nations on ei!r side ( !          
,atlantic4  ,! c\rse ( ,mr4 ,d\glas met 
) ! decid$ approval ( _! ,secret>y1 &1 z
 he _h reason !n to believe1 & has s9ce 
fully le>n$1 ) ! approval ( _! ,*ur*4   
,we also s5t a communication to our     
,*ur*1 address+ x to ,g5]al ,synod4 ,we 
direct$ x to ! c>e ( "o ( our prom95t   
m9i/]s1 = a long "t ,secret>y ( ! ,bo>d1
 ) ! reque/ t x be laid be=e ! ,*ur*1   
us+ language z foll[s3 ,y w1 d\btless1  
receive ?is pap] "s mon?s be=e ! "t = ! 
next meet+ ( t ,body ,g5]al ,synod4 ,we 
w\ld sugge/ !re=e1 t ! pap] be publi%$1 
t ! memb]s ( ! next ,g5]al ,synod may h 
! matt] be=e !m1 & be ! bett] prep>$ to 
make su* disposition ( x z ! subject may
 dem&4 ,we feel t ! subject is "o ( v   
grave importance1 c4  ,our communication
 0 laid be=e ! ,bo>d ( ,=eign ,missions4
 ,!y designat$ x a ,memorial1 & decid$ t

 !y _h no "r to publi% x4 ,( c\rse we _h
 no means ( publi%+ x ourselves4 ,x 0   
laid be=e ,synod among o!r pap]s ( !    
,bo>d4 ,! action ( ,synod on ! subject 0
 z foll[s 7,m9utes ( ,synod1 #aheg1 pp4 
#bbe-bbg73  ,among ! pap]s submitt$ to !
 ,synod is an elaborate docum5t f !     
bre?r5 at ,amoy1 giv+ ! hi/ory ( _! "w  
!re1 ( its gradual progress1 ( _!       
intimate connection ) ,mission>ies f o!r
 bodies1 ( ! =mation ( ! ,*ur* n[ exi/+ 
!re1 & express+ _! views z to !         
propriety & feasibility ( =m+ a ,classis
 at t /ation4 ,9 reply to s mu* ( ?is   
pap] z respects ! e/abli%m5t (          
individual *ur*es1 we mu/ say t :ile we 
appreciate ! peculi> circum/ances ( our 
bre?r51 & sympa?ize ) _! p]plexities1   
yet x has always be5 consid]$ a matt] ( 
c\rse t m9i/]s1 receiv+ _! commission   
?r\gh our ,*ur*1 & s5t =? "u ! auspices 
( our ,bo>d1 w\ld1 :5 !y =m$ conv]ts f !
 hea!n into an ecclesia/ical body1 m\ld 
! organization into a =m approa*+ z     
ne>ly z possible t ( ! ,re=m$ ,dut*     

,*ur*es 9 our own l&4 ,see+ t ! conv]t$ 
hea!n1 :5 associat$ toge!r1 mu/ h "s =m 
( gov]nm5t1 & see+ t our =m is1 9 our   
view1 entirely consi/5t )1 if n requir$ 
by1 ! ,scriptures1 we expect x w 9 all  
cases be adopt$ by our ,mission>ies1    
subject1 ( c\rse1 to su* modifications z
 ! peculi> circum/ances may = ! "t r5d] 
necess>y4 ,! conv]ts at ,amoy1 z at     
,arcot & else:]e1 are to be reg>d$ z 'an
 integral "p' ( our ,*ur*1 & z su* are  
entitl$ to all ! rights & privileges :i*
 we possess4  ,& s 9 reg>d to ! =mation 
( a ,classis4 ,! ,*ur* at home w        
und\bt$ly expect ! bre?r5 to associate  
!mselves into a regul> ecclesia/ical    
organization1 j z soon z en\gh mat]ials 
are obta9$ to w>rant su* measure ) !    
hope t x w be p]man5t4 ,we d n desire   
*ur*es to be prematurely =m$ 9 ord] to  
get mat]ials = a ,classis1 nor any o!r  
ex]cise ( viol5t ha/e4 ,b we equally    
deprecate unnecess>y delay1 believ+ t a 
regul> organization w be alike useful to
 our bre?r5 !mselves1 & to ^? :o1 "u !m1

 are tra9+ = ! fir/ (fice-be>]s 9 !     
,*ri/ian ,*ur* on hea!n gr\nd4 ,z to !  
difficulties sugge/$ 9 ! memorial1      
respect+ ! diff]5t ,p>ticul> ,synods to 
:i* ! bre?r5 belong1 & ! delays ( c>ry+ 
out a sy/em ( appellate jurisdiction    
cov]+ ,am]ica & ,*9a1 x is en\gh to     
say3--7#a7 ,t ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*      
7,o4,s47 f9ds no insup]able difficulties
 9 c>ry+ into op]ation h] sy/em :i*     
compreh5ds ,presbyt]ies & ,synods 9     
,india z well z "h2 & 7#b7 ,t :atev]    
h9drances may at any "t arise1 ?is body 
w1 9 humble reliance ^u ! div9e aid &   
bless+1 und]take to meet & remove !m z  
f> z possible4 ,! ,*ur* at home assumes 
! entire responsibility ( ?is matt]1 &  
only asks ! bre?r5 abroad to c>ry out ! 
policy1 held /eadily 9 view f ! fir/    
mom5t :5 our ,missions began4  ,! foll[+
 resolutions are recomm5d$3  ,resolv$1  
#a4 ,t ! ,synod view ) great pleasure ! 
=mation ( *ur*es among ! conv]ts f      
hea!nism1 organiz$ accord+ to ! e/abli%$
 usages ( our bran* ( ,zion4  #b4 ,t !  

bre?r5 at ,amoy be direct$ to apply to !
 ,p>ticul> ,synod ( ,albany to organize 
!m into a ,classis s soon z !y %all h   
=m$ *ur*es en\gh to r5d] ! p]man5cy (   
su* an organization reasonably c]ta94   
,x %\ld be notic$ t1 9 ! =ego+ ,report1 
:i* 0 adopt$ by ,synod1 ! mo/ important 
"q--! vital "q--( our communication1    
i4e4 ! unity ( ! *ur*es "u ! c>e ( !    
,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,mission>ies & ( u1
 is entirely ignor$2 & consequ5tly1 )\t 
! fact be+ /at$1 we 7 direct$ to divide 
^? *ur*es1 & =m a "p ( !m into a di/9ct 
,d5om9ation4  ,if ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian
 ,*ur* _h disapprov$ ( ! c\rse ( _!     
,mission>ies 9 unit+ ) u 9 organiz+ !   
native *ur*es ) our peculi>ities1 we ?9k
 ev5 t w\ld h be5 /range4 ,x w\ld h     
appe>$ to u z ?\gh !y 7 sacrific+ "s ( !
 ess5tials ( ,presbyt]ianism = ! sake ( 
non-ess5tials1 =1 9 our organization1 !y
 f\nd all t !y hold ess5tial 9 doctr9e1 
ord]1 & cu/oms4 ,suppose ! position ( ! 
two ,missions _h be5 rev]s$1 !y _h be5  
fir/ on ! gr\nd1 & :5 we arriv$ we f\nd 

! ,*ur* be+ plant$ & beg9n+ to gr[ up   
aft] _! ord]4 ,if we _h f\nd 9 ! ,*ur*  
?us gr[+ up all t we hold ess5tial &    
important1 ev5 ?\gh x _h "s little      
peculi>ities :i* 7 !irs & n ours1 ought 
n our ,*ur* to h p]mitt$ u to "w ) !m1 z
 !y h be5 p]mitt$ to "w ) u8 ,if su* be 
n ! true ,*ri/ian _s1 ?an we frankly    
confess t we "k n1 & despair ( ev] le>n+
 f ! ,^w ( ,god1 :at ! ,*ri/ian _s is on
 su* a subject4 ,b :e!r su* disapproval 
on ! "p ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*  
w\ld h be5 /range or n1 x w\ld n h be5 s
 /range z 0 ! decision ( our ,*ur*1 t ! 
*ur*es organiz$ by ! ,engli%            
,presbyt]ian bre?r5 & by u--all "o 9    
fact1 gr[+ out ( ea* o!r1 & all adopt+  
our ord]1 %\ld n be organically "o4     
,h5ce1 :5 we le>n$ f our ,bo>d !        
decision ( ,synod1 we felt 7correctly or
 incorrectly7 t !re mu/ be "s           
misappreh5sion4 ,surely our ,*ur* _c h  
correct views ( our position1 & our     
c\rse ( proce$+4 ,h5ce1 we return$ answ]
 to ! ,bo>d z foll[s3--7,lett] dat$     

,decemb] #bc1 #aheg47  ,aft] speak+ (   
our he>ty approval ( ! c\rse ( our ,*ur*
 9 sep>at+ f ! ,a4,b4,c4,f4,m41 ?\gh z  
individuals we took our leave ( t ,bo>d 
) feel+s ( sadness1 we rem>k$3  ,x seems
 prop] to u also1 on ! pres5t occasion1 
to allude to a subject deeply affect+ ! 
int]e/s ( ! little ,*ur* :i* ,god has   
graci\sly ga!r$ by our in/rum5tality f  
among ?is p4 ,?is ,*ur* is n[ small1 b  
we tru/ t1 ) a cont9uance ( ! ,div9e    
bless+1 ! 'little "o' w soon 'become a  
?\s&1' & ! 'small "o a /rong nation4'   
',! ,"l w ha/5 x 9 8 "t4' ,we love ?is  
,*ur*1 & _c b wat* ov] h] int]e/s )     
jeal\s c>e4 ,besides ?is1 ! ,great      
,%eph]d has made u "u-%eph]ds1 & comm&$ 
u to wat* ov] ! int]e/s ( ?is flock4 ,we
 gave a brief hi/ory ( our "w1 & an     
acc\nt ( ! pres5t condition & peculi>   
circum/ances ( ! *ur*es "h "u our c>e1 &
 /at$ at consid]able l5g? our views 9   
ref]5ce to ! future ecclesia/ical       
relations ( ^! *ur*es1 9 a pap] prep>$ =
 ! in=mation ( our ,*ur* at home1 &     

address$ to ,g5]al ,synod4 ,! facts ?us 
communicat$ ought to be kn[n by ! ,*ur*4
 ,x seems to u v un=tunate t t pap] 0 n 
publi%$ accord+ to our sugge/ion4 ,x    
/at$ facts ( grave importance4 ,if we   
c\ld h _h a repres5tative 9 ,g5]al      
,synod1 ! previ\s publication ( our pap]
 might h be5 unnecess>y4 ,b1 )\t su* a  
repres5tative1 x 0 h>dly possible t !   
subject1 by a s+le read+ ( s long a     
docum5t1 c\ld be br\ght be=e ! m9ds (   
all ! memb]s ( ,synod ) suffici5t       
cle>ness4444 ,!re=e x is n /range t "s (
 ! important po9ts 9 ! pap] %\ld h be5  
entirely ov]look$1 & also t c]ta9 grave 
misconceptions %\ld h got abroad 9 !    
,*ur* conc]n+ ! views express$ by u4  ,s
 f> z we c judge f ! report ( ! proce$+s
 ( ,synod1 z giv5 9 ,! ,*ri/ian         
,intellig5c]1 "o ( ! mo/ important      
consid]ations--p]haps altoge!r ! mo/    
important m5tion$--:y ! ,*ur*1 ga!r$ by 
u "h1 %\ld n be an integral "p ( ! ,*ur*
 9 ,am]ica1 0 entirely ov]look$4 ,t     
consid]ation relates to ! unity (       

,*ri/'s ,*ur*4 ,our ,savi\r prays3      
',holy ,fa!r1 keep ?r\gh ?9e own "n ^?  
:om ?\ ha/ giv5 me1 t !y may be "o z we 
are "o4' ',t !y all may be "o1 z ?\1    
,fa!r1 art 9 me1 & ,i 9 !e1 t !y also   
may be "o 9 u3 t ! _w may believe t ?\  
ha/ s5t me4 ,& ! glory :i* ?\ gave/ me1 
,i h giv5 !m1 t !y may be "o1 ev5 z we  
are "o4' ,w our ,*ur* require ( u1 w %e 
desire t ^? "h :o are altoge!r "o--"o 9 
doctr9e1 "o 9 _! views ( ,*ur* ord]1 &  
"o 9 mutual love--be viol5tly sep>at$   
into two ,d5om9ations8 ,we _c believe x4
 ,suppose ! case ( two ,*ur*es orig9ally
 di/9ct4 ,by com+ into close contact1 & 
becom+ bett] acqua9t$ ) ea* o!r1 !y f9d 
t !y hold to ! same doctr9al /&>ds1 & !y
 expla9 !m 9 ! same mann]2 !y h ! same  
=m ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t1 & _! (fic]s are    
*os51 & set ap>t 9 ! same way2 !y h !   
same ord] ( wor%ip1 & ( adm9i/]+ !      
sacram5ts2 all _! cu/oms1 civil1 social1
 & religi\s1 are precisely alike1 & !y  
love ea* o!r de>ly2 %\ld n su* *ur*es   
unite & =m b "o ,d5om9ation8 ,yet1 su* a

 supposition does n1 & _c1 ev5 aft] y   
all[ all ! lik5ess & unity betwe5 ! two 
*ur*es x is possible to conceive (1     
repres5t ! circum/ances ( ! *ur*es ga!r$
 by u1 & by our ,scot* bre?r5 ( !       
,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,our !irs & 
ours ,*ur*es orig9ally 7 "o1 & /ill are 
"o2 & ! "q is n :e!r ^? *ur*es %all be  
unit$1 b1 %all !y be sep>at$8 ,possibly 
7n probably7 ! "q w be ask$1 :y 7 ^!    
*ur*es all[$ orig9ally to become "o8 ,we
 answ]1 ,god made !m s1 & t )\t any plan
 or =e?\ght on our "p1 & n[ we ?ank him 
= 8 bless+ t he has made !m "o1 & t he  
has bless$ !m because !y are "o4  ,t    
misconceptions h got abroad 9 our ,*ur* 
conc]n+ our views1 we h abundant evid5ce
 f v>i\s private lett]s4 ,!y 7 writt5 ) 
! mo/ k9dly feel+s t[>ds u1 b evid5tly  
"u ! impression t we f9d difficulty 9   
organiz+ our *ur*es accord+ to ! ord] ( 
! ,dut* ,*ur*4 ,we h nev] f\nd any      
difficulty ( ?is k9d4 ,x is true t :5 we
 7 call$ to ! solemn duty ( comm5c+ a   
*ur* organization 9 an empire conta9+   

"o-?ird ( ! inhabitants ( ! globe1 we   
gave ! subject ( *ur* polity a m c>eful 
inve/igation ?an we _h ev] be=e giv5 x4 
,! result ( ?is inve/igation 0 a cordial
 7&1 z we ?9k1 intellig5t7 approval ( ! 
ord] & =ms ( our own ,*ur*4 ,we h       
comm5c$ our organization accord+ to !   
ord] ( ! ,dut* ,*ur*1 & we expect to    
proce$1 z fa/ z ! provid5ce & grace (   
,god lead ! way1 aft] ! same ord]2 & we 
use ! =ms ( our own ,*ur*4 ,our         
,presbyt]ian bre?r5 unite ) u 9 ^! ?+s4 
,b x is n /range t su* misconceptions   
%\ld be spread 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,!y are !     
necess>y result ( publi%+ c]ta9 rem>ks  
made 9 ,synod conc]n+ our pap]1 )\t     
publi%+ ! pap] itself4  ,9 ! ,report ( !
 ,synod1 ,synod's ,bo>d1 ,bo>d ( ,=eign 
,missions1 x is said3 ',x w\ld h be5    
well if ! memorial _h be5 plac$1 9 a    
pr9t$ =m1 9 ! h&s ( ! m9i/ry4 ,?is !y ! 
,mission>ies sugge/$1 b ! ,bo>d felt x 0
 purely a ,synodical matt]--t !y c\ld n 
act 9 ! case4' ,) all due respect1 & ) !
 k9de/ feel+s1 we desire to make ?ree   

rem>ks on ?is subject4 ,fir/4 ,we d n   
und]/& ! pr9ciple on :i* ! ,bo>d felt   
call$ ^u to decide :e!r our lett] %\ld  
be publi%$ or n4 ,x 0 n address$ to !   
,bo>d1 nor s5t to ! c>e ( ! ,bo>d4 ,!   
op9ion ( memb]s ( ! ,bo>d z individuals 
might h be5 ask$1 b we suppose t ! ,bo>d
 9 _! (ficial capacity _h no?+ to d ) ! 
pap]4 ,secondly4 ,inasmu* z ! pap]      
emanat$ f u1 if 'x w\ld h be5 well' to h
 _h x publi%$1 our sugge/ion 0 a        
suffici5t w>rant = its publication4 ,!  
responsibility w\ld h be5 ours4 ,x _h n 
yet become a ,synodical matt]4 ,aft]w>ds
 x w\ld h be5 a legitimate "q = ! ,synod
 to decide :e!r !y w\ld ent]ta9 a pap]  
com+ be=e !m 9 su* a mann]4 ,?is "q     
might well h be5 left to ,g5]al ,synod4 
,?irdly4 ,a %ort "t previ\s to ! writ+ (
 t pap]1 unless our memory is greatly at
 fault1 a communication 0 receiv$ f !   
,arcot ,mission 7or ,classis ( ,arcot71 
address$ to ,g5]al ,synod1 :i* 0 ?us    
publi%$1 accord+ to ! reque/ ( ! ,arcot 
bre?r51 & )\t ! au?ority ( ,synod4  ,our

 position is a some:at pa9ful "o4 ,we   
desire to give (f5se to no "o1 & we d n 
wi% to appe> be=e ! ,*ur* z disputants4 
,we h no controv]sy ) any4 ,we h nei!r !
 "t nor incl9ation = controv]sy4 ,we are
 'do+ a great "w' & _c 'come d[n4' ,yet1
 our duty to ^! ,*ur*es "h1 & to ! ,*ur*
 at home1 & to our ,ma/]1 dem&s ( u     
imp]atively1 t we /ate fully & frankly  
our views4 ,we h ! utmo/ confid5ce 9 our
 ,*ur*4 ,we h prov$ ?is by endeavor+ to 
get our views fully kn[n4 ,& we feel    
grateful = ! _s ( k9dness t[>ds u       
manife/$ 9 ! action ( ,synod1 & also 9 !
 lett]s receiv$ f fa!rs & bre?r5 9 !    
m9i/ry1 not)/&+ _! misconception ( our  
views4 ,b1 we h also le>n$1 h[ easily   
our views may be mi/ak54 ,9 our pap]1   
address$ to ,g5]al ,synod1 :5 discuss+ !
 difficulties 9 ! way ( ! ,synod's      
jurisdiction ov] *ur*es s f> remov$ 9   
"t1 di/ance1 & circum/ances1 we         
rem>k$3--',w writt5 correspond5ce supply
 ! place ( repres5tation8 ,x w\ld place 
our ,classis "u great disadvantages4    

,!re mu/ usually be a delay ( "o or two 
ye>s on e subject on :i* !re is ne$ ( a 
decision by ei!r ,synod4 ,if any?+ is n 
und]/ood1 or is misund]/ood1 9 our      
communications1 !re w be no "o to expla9
 = u4 ,difficulties ( ?is k9d1 f want ( 
k ( ! civil & social circum/ances ( ?is 
p may frequ5tly occur4 ,c\ld we h       
repres5tatives f among u1 !y c\ld       
usually be easily expla9$2 b )\t ?is    
repres5tation1 !y c only be expla9$ by a
 long correspond5ce1 :i* may cause ye>s 
( delay4' ,! :ole ( ?is misund]/&+1 :i* 
has aris5 out ( our fir/ communication1 
& ! l5g? ( "t & ! am\nt ( correspond5ce 
:i* may yet be necess>y1 be=e we c see  
'eye to eye1' give a /rik+ illu/ration (
 ! =ce ( ^! rem>ks4  ,s f> z ! preamble 
& resolutions ( ! ,synod ( #aheg embody 
! doctr9es1 & :at we suppos$ to be !    
policy ( our ,*ur*1 we he>tily agre$ )  
!m4 ,( c\rse we 7 pa9$ to see t !y      
impli$1 t1 9 organiz+ a ,*ur* at ,amoy1 
we _h n proce$$ accord+ to ! ord] ( our 
,*ur*1 or _h f\nd great difficulty 9 do+

 s4 ,?is 0 altoge!r a mi/ake1 & 0       
already produc+ evil results4 ,we ?9k   
!re is ano!r mi/ake 9 ! preamble4 ,x    
seems small1 b because ( ?is fact1 & (  
its plausibility1 x has done m1 p]haps1 
?an any?+ else 9 lead+ our ,*ur* into ! 
false position :i* %e seems n[ to       
occupy4 ,!re=e1 we %\ld exam9e x ) "s   
c>e4 ,x is ! assumption1 z a matt] (    
c\rse1 t1 ! conv]ts at ,amoy are an     
integral "p ( our ,*ur*1 9 ?is c\ntry4  
,:at made !m s8 ,is x because !y 7      
conv]t$ ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ! prea*+
 ( our ,mission>ies8 ,?is is a new      
doctr9e1 t a conv]t z a matt] ( c\rse   
belongs to ! ,*ur* ( ! prea*] ?r\gh ^:  
in/rum5tality he has be5 l$ unto ,*ri/4 
,p]haps x 0 ! doctr9e ( "s ( !          
,cor9?ians1 :5 !y said1 ,i am ( ,paul1 &
 ,i ( ,apollos1 c41 b x 0 n ! doctr9e ( 
! ,apo/le :o reprov$ !m4 ,besides ?is1  
h[ %all we "k :i* ( !m 7 conv]t$ ?r\gh  
our in/rum5tality8 ,! ,engli%           
,presbyt]ian bre?r5 & ourselves h prea*$
 indiscrim9ately4 ,is x because !y 7    

baptiz$ by our ,mission>ies8 ,b _m ( !m 
7 baptiz$ by ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian     
bre?r54 ,!y h baptiz$ 9 our *ur*es1 & we
 9 !irs4 ,if !y be an integral "p ( !   
,dut* ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica1 !y are also an   
integral "p ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9    
,engl&4 ,we1 x is true1 baptiz$ a       
majority1 say two-?irds4 ,are !y1 !n1   
two-?irds ( an integral "p 9 ,am]ica1 & 
"o-?ird ( an integral "p 9 ,engl&8 ,no4 
,! :ole is a fallacy4 ,ea* individual   
,*ur* !re is an integral "p ( ! :ole (  
!m4 ,all toge!r1 !y =m an integ]4 ,!y   
might by ! act ( our ,*ur*1 & a         
correlative act on _! own "p1 become an 
integral "p ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica8 ,9 a   
simil> way !y might become an integral  
"p ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,!y are n[ an    
integ] ( !mselves4 ,to make "o portion (
 !m an integral "p ( ! ,*ur* 9 ?is      
c\ntry1 & ano!r portion an integral "p (
 ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl&1 is to be guilty (    
caus+ a viol5t rupture4  ,we felt t !   
consequ5ces 7 s mom5t\s1 t1 be=e we %\ld
 all[ ourselves to be in/rum5tal 9 ?us  

7z we suppos$7 r5d+ ! ,body ( ,*ri/ at  
,amoy1 we %\ld make ano!r ef=t to get ! 
facts be=e ! ,*ur*4 ,z yet1 we c\ld n1  
if we w\ld1 c>ry out ! resolution (     
,synod1 & organize a ,classis 9         
connection ) ! ,p>ticul> ,synod (       
,albany1 =1 x 0 n till sev]al ye>s aft]1
 only v rec5tly1 t we _h mat]ials en\gh 
to r5d] ! p]man5cy ( su* an organization
 reasonably c]ta94 ,!re=e we wrote1 z   
above1 "u date ( ,decemb] #bc1 #aheg1 & 
frequ5tly wrote on ! subject1 z occasion
 (f]$4  ,al?\gh our views 7 n made      
public 7! ,bo>d judg+ t !y _h no "r1 or 
t x w\ld n be = ! good ( ! ,*ur*1 & !   
int]e/s ( ! ,mission1 to publi% !m71    
/ill we cont9u$ to prosecute our labors1
 9 connection ) ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian  
bre?r51 receiv+ & giv+ mutual assi/ance4
 ,we 7 enc\rag$ ?us to cont9ue our "w3  
#a4 ,because ( lett]s we receiv$ f home1
 "s ( !m writt5 by individuals :o 7 able
 advocates ( ! decision ( ! ,synod (    
#aheg4 ,!y told u t x c\ld n be o!rwise 
?an t a sep>ation mu/ come betwe5 u & ! 

bre?r5 ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 b
 !y w\ld n h u inaugurate t sep>ation4  
#b4 7& m important7 ,because a m>vel\s  
bless+ f on high 0 att5d+ our labors4   
#c4 7& mo/ important7 ,because we knew  
?is h>moni\s & mutual assi/ance to be   
entirely 9 accordance ) ! _s ( !        
,gospel4  ,9 process ( "t a ,*ur* 0     
organiz$ at ,*ioh-be by ! appo9tm5t (   
eld]s & deacons1 !n at ,peh-*ui-ia1 !n  
at ,map5g1 & !n ! ,*ur* at ,amoy 0      
divid$ into two di/9ct organizations4   
,?us we _h five organiz$ *ur*es1 all (  
our ord]--! eld]s & deacons *os5 & set  
ap>t accord+ to our ,=ms1 & all our ,=ms
 9 use s f> z !re 0 yet occasion = !m4  
,two ( ^! *ur*es 7 "u ! especial c>e ( !
 ,engli% ,presbyt]ians1 & pecuni>ily !  
"w 0 su/a9$ by funds collect$ 9 ,engl& &
 ,scotl&4 ,! o!r ?ree 7 "u our especial 
c>e4 ,! pecuni>y exp5ses1 beyond :at !  
native *ur*es c\ld !mselves raise1 7    
borne by our ,*ur* at home4  ,"o ( !    
ess5tial pr9ciples ( our ,*ur* polity   
is1 t individual ,*ur*es are n indep5d5t

 ( ea* o!r4 ,!y are memb]s "o ( ano!r4  
,!y are to be subject to ea* o!r4 ,!y   
are individual p>ts ( a :ole4 ,ea* "p   
%\ld be subject to ! :ole4 ,h5ce !      
necessity ( high] judicatories4 ,?us we 
felt t ^! five *ur*es _h a "r to an     
ecclesia/ical organization1 by :i* !y   
might enjoy ?is ess5tial pr9ciple (     
,presbyt]ianism4 ,i tru/ we %all he> no 
m ( ! *>ge t ! ,mission>ies at ,amoy are
 ,congregationali/s4 ,b we 7 afraid to  
give ?is organization to ! native       
*ur*es1 le/ we %\ld give (f5se at home4 
,we knew t we 7 misund]/ood1 & z yet    
c\ld see no way to make ! ,*ur* acqua9t$
 ) our position & our views4 ,if ! ,ma/]
 %\ld pla9ly call u to g =w>d1 ( c\rse  
we mu/ obey1 & leave ! results ) ,him4  
,^! *ur*es1 hav+ gr[n out ( ea* o!r1 7  
ess5tially "o1 & 7 z closely unit$      
toge!r z x 0 possible = !m to be1 )\t a 
=mal organization4 ,! fir/ =mal meet+ ( 
all ^! *ur*es 0 held at ,*ioh-be 7a *ur*
 "u our c>e71 9 #ahfa4 ,no ecclesia/ical
 p[] 0 assum$4 ,! next simil> meet+ 0   

held 9 ,april1 #ahfb1 9 ! *ur*es at     
,amoy4 ,?is 0 /ill m =mal4 ,x 0 compos$ 
( all ! ,mission>ies ( our own & ( !    
,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & ( "o      
repres5tative ,eld] f ea* ( ! five      
organiz$ *ur*es4 ,?is body may be call$ 
an incipi5t ,classis4 ,! only           
ecclesia/ical p[] ex]cis$1 h[ev]1 0     
connect$ ) *ur* discipl9e4 ,h]et(ore ea*
 individual ,*ur*1 9 connection ) !     
,mission>ies1 _h ex]cis$ ! p[] (        
discipl9e1 ev5 to excommunication4 ,n[  
c]ta9 cases ( excommunication 7 ref]r$  
by individual ,consi/ories to1 & act$ on
 by1 ?is body4 ,is x necess>y to def5d  
su* acts8 ,we felt t if ea* individual  
*ur* c\ld ex]cise su* p[]1 & ! pr9ciples
 ( our ,presbyt]ianism be scriptural1 !n
 c\ld a body1 compos$ ( ! repres5tatives
 ( ^! *ur*es1 toge!r ) ! ,mission>ies1 )
 safety ex]cise su* p[]4 ,x 0 approa*+ z
 ne>ly z possible to ! practice ( our   
,*ur* at home4 ,we expect$ soon to be   
call$ to ! p]=mance ( ecclesia/ical acts
 m mom5t\s4 ,already _h two ( ! *ur*es  

*os5 two ( ! native memb]s1 :o 7 n[     
engag$ 9 c>eful /udy1 t 9 due "t !y     
might be set ap>t to ! (fice ( ! ,m9i/ry
 ( ! ,^w1 & orda9$ pa/ors ( ! *ur*es    
respectively *oos+ !m4 ,b = reasons giv5
 above we w\ld n g =w>d fa/] ?an we 7   
pla9ly l$ by ! h& ( ,provid5ce4 ,!re=e1 
:ile ! ,mission>ies1 9 pres5ce ( ?is    
assembly1 exam9$ ^! pa/ors-elect1 9     
ref]5ce to _! qualifications = ! (fice (
 ,pa/or1 ! body1 z su*1 took no "p 9 !  
exam9ation4  ,?is incipi5t ,classis met 
next 9 ! autumn ( ! same ye> at         
,peh-*ui-ia1 a *ur* "u ! c>e ( ! ,engli%
 ,presbyt]ian bre?r54 ,at ?is meet+ x   
became a real ,classis1 n fully develop$
 z a ,classis 9 a mature ,*ur*1 b       
possess+ ! con/itu5t elem5ts & p]=m+ !  
functions ( a ,classis4 ,n only 7 !re   
cases ( discipl9e to act on1 b a di/9ct 
application 0 made by "o ( ! *ur*es1 t a
 pa/or be orda9$1 & plac$ ov] !m4 ,!    
body decid$1 n only t !y _h ! "r1 b t ! 
pla9 call ( ! ,great ,head ( ! ,*ur*    
made x _! duty to g =w>d 9 ?is matt]4   

,prelim9>y /eps 7 tak51 o!r meet+s (    
,classis 7 appo9t$ & held1 c&idates 7   
exam9$1 calls pres5t$ & approv$1 until  
e>ly 9 ! pres5t ye> ! ,fir/ & ,second   
,*ur*es at ,amoy _h ea* a native pa/or  
orda9$ & in/all$ ov] !m4 ,by ! au?ority 
( ?is ,classis1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is ye>1 a
 ?ird *ur* 0 organiz$ at ,amoy accord+  
to our ord]4 ,x is 9 ! suburb call$     
,e-mng-kang1 & is "u ! especial c>e ( ! 
,engli% ,presbyt]ian bre?r51 z m5tion$ 9
 a previ\s "p ( ?is pap]4 ,s n[ !re are 
six organiz$ *ur*es1 all ( ! same ord]1 
& "s o!rs almo/ ready to be organiz$4   
,if ! ,mission>ies at ,amoy h be5 guilty
 ( any great mi/ake1 x has be5 9 ?is    
matt] ( =m+ su* a ,classis1 & proce$+ to
 ! ord9ation & in/allation ( native     
pa/ors1 & ! organization ( new *ur*es4  
,!re=e1 ?is subject dem&s a c>eful      
exam9ation4  ,:5 we comm5c$ ! "w among !
 hea!n1 x 0 f\nd t ! ,con/itution ( our 
,*ur* _h made no provision = su* "w     
beyond ! simple orda9+ ( m5 z           
,mission>ies4 ,we might prea* ! gospel1 

b no provision 0 made = receiv+ into    
*ur* fell[%ip1 adm9i/]+ ! sacram5ts1    
elect+ & orda9+ (fice-be>]s1 & all !    
incipi5t /eps ( ! organization ( ! ,*ur*
 f among ! hea!n4 ,! ,con/itution 0 made
 = ! gov]nm5t ( a ,*ur* already organiz$
 & matur$1 & 9 ,am]ica2 !re=e1 x is n   
/range t su* ?+s 7 n provid$ =4 ,our    
duty seem$ v pla94 ,we mu/ fall back on 
! great pr9ciples ( *ur* gov]nm5t taught
 9 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,we believ$ ^!         
pr9ciples to be set =? 9 ! ,con/itution1
 & o!r /&>ds ( our ,*ur*4  ,:51 ?r\gh ! 
in/rum5tality ( ! prea*$ ,^w1 m5 gave   
satisfactory evid5ce t !y _h exp]i5c$ ! 
r5ew+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 )\t ! advice (   
,consi/ories1 by virtue ( our (fice (   
,m9i/]s ( ! ,^w1 we adm9i/]$ to !m !    
sacram5t ( baptism1 ?us admitt+ !m into 
! *ur*4 ,n[ ! ,"l's ,supp] mu/ be       
adm9i/]$ to ^! believ]s1 baptism to _!  
infant *ildr51 & to new conv]ts1 & !    
discipl9e ( ,god's h\se ma9ta9$4 ,by    
virtue ( t same (fice1 & by virtue ( !  
au?ority giv5 by ! ,ma/] to 8 ,*ur*1 we 

felt t we _h ! "r1 aye1 t x 0 our b\nd5 
duty1 to p]=m su* acts4 ,we c\ld n yet =
 a long "t set ap>t a prop] ,consi/ory1 
b we mu/ n !re=e be lords ov] ,god's    
h]itage4 ,9 receiv+ new memb]s1 & 9 all 
acts ( discipl9e1 we mu/ advise ) ! *ur*
 already ga!r$4  ,! *ur* grew1 & 9 due  
"t a ,consi/ory 0 call$ =2 mu/ ! "w /op1
 because ! ,con/itution _h made no      
provision8 ,no4 ,! little *ur* _h ! "r  
to *oose m51 & hav+ *os5 suitable m51 x 
0 our duty to orda9 !m4 ,! au?ority we  
?us ex]cis$ 0 n usurp$1 b 0 impli$ 9 !  
commission we receiv$ f our ,ma/] ?r\gh 
! ,*ur*4 ,! same may be said ( !        
au?ority ( ! bre?r5 at ,amoy1 :51 9     
connection ) ! repres5tative eld]s ( !  
v>i\s *ur*es1 !y proce$$ to ! ord9ation 
( native pa/ors1 & ! organization ( new 
*ur*es4 ,x 0 n necess>y = ! p]=mance ( e
 act to get a new commission f ! ,*ur*4 
,:5 ! ,*ur* s5t u out1 ! "o commission  
conta9$ all ! au?ority necess>y = !     
complete organization ( ! *ur*4 ,x is an
 absurdity to d5y1 on con/itutional     

gr\nds1 ! "r ( ! ,mission>ies to p]=m ^!
 la/ acts unless y d5y _! "r to p]=m all
 _! o!r acts except ! simple prea*+ ( ! 
,gospel4 ,_! acts 7 all extra1 n contra 
con/itutional4 ,if _! au?ority ?us to   
act be ju/ifi$ 9 ref]5ce to ! =m] acts1 
& d5i$ 9 ref]5ce to ! latt]1 !          
ju/ification & d5ial mu/ be on o!r      
gr\nds ?an ! ,con/itution ( our ,*ur*4  
,w any "o ass]t t ! ,classis ?us =m$ at 
,amoy is n a ,classis de facto8 or t !  
native pa/ors orda9$ & in/all$ by t body
 are n scripturally set ap>t to _!      
(fices1 & t its o!r acts are null &     
void8 ,if s1 !n1 z yet1 !re are no      
organiz$ *ur*es--no ,consi/ories--at    
,amoy1 & !re h be5 no scriptural        
baptisms1 = all ecclesia/ical acts p]=m$
 !re1 h be5 p]=m$ on ! same pr9ciples1 &
 by ! same au?ority4 ,no "o w h !       
h>dihood to ass]t su* a doctr9e4 ,x w be
 admitt$ t !re is a ,classis de facto at
 ,amoy4 ,!n x is compet5t to p]=m all ! 
functions ( a ,classis4 ,b x w n be     
cont5d$ t t ,classis is a "p ( ! ,dut*  

,*ur* 9 ,am]ica4 ,yet x is ess5tially l 
a ,classis 9 ,am]ica1 j s f> z ! pres5t 
/ate ( developm5t ( ! ,*ur* at ,amoy1 & 
its ,*9ese "*1 r5d] lik5ess possible4 ,x
 is ,*9ese1 n ,am]ican4 ,! organization 
( su* a ,*ur* is :at we always suppos$  
requir$ ( u4 ,we nev] imag9$ t we 7 s5t 
to organize ! ,am]ican ,dut* ,*ur* 9    
,*9a4 ,if y\r ,mission>ies are all[$ to 
proce$1 & are n requir$ to repel !      
,engli% ,presbyt]ian bre?r5 f _! unit$  
labors ) u1 !re w be b "o ,*ur* at ,amoy
 ( ! ,presbyt]ian ord]4 ,) ! cont9u$    
bless+ ( ,god on su* h>moni\s labor1 x w
 be ! ,*ur* ( t region4 ,x w be de> to  
bo? ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,engl&1 & to 
our ,*ur* 9 ?is l&1 & peculi>ly de> to  
our ,*ur* 9 ?is c\ntry1 because ( its   
,dut* *>act]i/ics4 ,y\r ,mission>ies w  
/ill be y\r ag5ts1 responsible to !     
,*ur* at home1 z !y h always be54 ,! ne>
 relation to ! ,*ur* 9 ?is l&1 :i* !y h 
always held1 !y desire to reta94 ,! late
 action ( ,synod contemplates ! =mation 
( two d5om9ations at ,amoy ( !          

,presbyt]ian ord]1 giv+ our peculi>ities
 to "o-half in/ead ( to ! :ole1 ?us     
produc+ rivalries1 injur+ ! effici5cy ( 
! native *ur*es1 & mak+ ! relation ( !  
,mission>ies to ! ,*ur* at home m       
di/ant1 ?us weak5+ y\r hold on !m1 &    
all1 z we ?9k1 )\t any remun]at+        
advantages4 ,b be=e we proce$ to !      
discussion ( ?is subject1 a few o!r     
prelim9>ies dem& "s att5tion4  ,!       
,engli% ,presbyt]ians1 z !y are accu/om$
 to speak ( all ! ,classes ( our ,*ur* 9
 ,am]ica1 call ?is ,classis at ,amoy a  
,presbyt]y4 ,h5ce ! "q has be5 put to u 
) all s9c]ity & gravity1 ,is x a        
,classis1 or is x a ,presbyt]y8 ,"s seem
 to be afraid t ! ,*ur* we are =m+ w be 
half ,dut* & half ,presbyt]ian1 & t x w 
soon be swall[$ up by ! ,presbyt]ians6  
,are !re any m9i/]s1 or eld]s1 or       
intellig5t memb]s ( ! ,dut* ,*ur*1 :o h 
yet to le>n t a ,classis is a           
,presbyt]y1 & t ! ,dut* ,*ur* is a      
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*8 ,surely n4 ,:y1 !n1 
su* que/ions & sugge/ions8 ,c !y be     

design$ to prejudice ! ,*ur* at home    
aga9/ ! ecclesia/ical body :i* has gr[n 
up at ,amoy8 ,we w n impute su* a       
motive1 &1 !re=e1 ,i m]ely say t we are 
surpris$ at all su* rem>ks4 ,x is prop] 
= ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian bre?r5 to speak
 ( ! ,presbyt]y at ,amoy4 ,!y nev] speak
 ( x z an ,engli% ,presbyt]y4 ,!y d n   
reg>d x z a "p ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl&1 b z a
 purely ,*9ese ,*ur*4 ,!y h lib]ality   
en\gh to assi/ 9 build+ up su* a ,*ur*1 
ev5 ?\gh x has "s ?+s peculi> to u1 = x 
has all ! ess5tials ( _! own ord]4 ,w x 
n seem to !m t our ,*ur* is defici5t 9  
lib]ality1 :5 !y le>n ! decision ( ! la/
 ,synod8  ,9 connection ) ?is subject1 x
 is prop] to speak m p>ticul>ly ( !     
lib]ality ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian      
,*ur*4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t t ,*ur* is   
really a bran* ( ! ,free ,*ur* (        
,scotl&1 x w n be suppos$ t _! lib]ality
 is ! result ( indiff]5ce to any?+ :i*  
!y reg>d ess5tial or important4 ,seldom 
has our _w witness$ su* sacrifice = !   
sake ( pr9ciple z 0 exhibit$ by t ,*ur*1

 :5 %e came out f ! ,e/abli%m5t4 ,_!    
lib]ality is a beautiful illu/ration ( !
 ,*ri/ian _s4 ,! c\rse ( _! ,mission>ies
 at ! fir/ organization ( a *ur* at     
,amoy1 & ! approval !re(1 h be5 already 
allud$ to4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! rec5t      
=mation ( a ,classis1 ! subject         
naturally came up aga9 ?is ye>4 ,x 0    
laid be=e _! ,synod1 :i* met a few weeks
 previ\s to ours4 ,9 ! report ( _!      
,=eign ,committee1 :i* corresponds to   
our ,bo>d ( ,=eign ,missions1 ! foll[+  
language is us$ 9 ref]5ce to ! ,*ur* at 
,amoy3  ,z all ! elem5ts ( ,presbyt]ian 
organization ?us exi/$ ea* *ur* hav+    
native eld]s1 a fur!r /ep 0 tak5 la/    
,april #ahfb1 :5 a ,presbyt]y 0         
con/itut$ at ,amoy by mutual cons5t1    
consi/+ ( all ! ,am]ican bre?r5 & our   
own1 z well z repres5tative eld]s f !   
sev]al congregations4 ,its "n is nei!r !
 ,greek ',presbyt]y' employ$ 9 ?is      
c\ntry1 nor is x ! ,lat9 ',classis1' :i*
 has long be5 us$ 9 ,holl&2 b x is ',tai
 ,tiong-lo-hoey1' or ,great ,meet+ (    

,eld]s1 g5u9e ,*9ese1 & a hopeful e>ne/ 
( ! facility ) :i* our repres5tative &  
consultative sy/em ( polity w f9d its   
way among a s5sible & self-gov]n+ p4 ,( 
c\rse x is n int5d$ t ?is ,presbyt]y    
%\ld 9 any way come betwe5 !            
,mission>ies !mselves & ! ,committee or 
,bo>d by :i* ! respective ,missions are 
adm9i/]$ at home2 b = ! managem5t (     
local matt]s1 = dispos+ ( que/ions :i*  
may arise 9 ! sev]al congregations1 & 9 
reg>d to :i* a session may require      
c\nsel or control2 & = ! v important    
purpose ( exemplify+ 9 ! mo/ legitimate 
way ecclesia/ical unity1 x is ess5tial t
 ,mission>ies & native (fice-be>]s %\ld 
come toge!r 9 "s su* capacity4 ,!       
proce$+s are conduct$ 9 ,*9ese1 :i* is !
 only language und]/ood by all ! memb]s 
( ,c\rt1 & x is 9 ,*9ese t ! m9utes are 
kept4 ,?ree meet+s h already be5 held4  
,at ! la/1 held 9 ,janu>y1 important    
bus9ess 0 transact$ affect+ ! #a/ & #b;d
 ,congregations ( ,amoy1 bo? ( :i* are  
"u ! imm$iate sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,am]ican  

,mission4 ,ea* congregation is desir\s (
 ! settlem5t ( a /at$ pa/or1 & ea* has  
agre$ to call a m9i/]1 ! "o congregation
 promis+ a /ip5d ( #ad a mon?1 & ! o!r  
#ac4 ,! calls 7 su/a9$1 & ! ,presbyt]y  
agre$ to meet on ,febru>y #ba/1 to      
proce$ ) ! 'trials' ( ! bre?r5 ?us      
elect$4 ,z ^! prov$ satisfactory1       
,sabba?1 ! #bi? ( la/ mon?1 0 appo9t$ z 
! day = _! ord9ation4  ,dr4 ,peltz1 !   
e/eem$ ,correspond+ ,secret>y ( ! ,bo>d 
( ,=eign ,missions ( ! ,r4,p4,d4,c4 (   
,n4,a41 has appris$ ! ,committee1 t x is
 possible t a ,presbyt]y ( ?is composite
 "* may n secure ! approval ( _! ,synod4
 ,9 sep>at+ f ! ,a4,b4,c4,f4,m41 & 9    
sett+ up a sep>ate & ecclesia/ically    
organiz$ mission1 t ,synod 0 anxi\s to  
introduce into its diff]5t ,mission     
fields a sy/em ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t :i* x   
believ$ to be scriptural1 & adapt$ to   
all l&s4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ^! ,mission    
fields x s\ght to =m ,classes or        
,presbyt]ies :i* %\ld be connect$ )     
,prov9cial & ,g5]al ,synods 9 ! same way

 z are ! ,classes on ! ,am]ican cont95t4
 ,& ,dr4 ,peltz is appreh5sive le/ !    
,g5]al ,synod 9 ,am]ica %\ld reg>d z a  
deviation f ?is plan ! amalgamation 9 "o
 ,presbyt]y ( _! own ag5ts ) ^? ( ano!r 
,*ur*4  ,we are hopeful1 h[ev]1 t on    
fur!r consid]ation1 our bre?r5 9 ,am]ica
 may all[ _! ,mission>ies 9 ,*9a to     
cont9ue ! pres5t arrangem5t1 at lea/    
until su* "t z x is f\nd t actual       
difficulties arise 9 ! way ( c>ry+ x    
out4 ',behold h[ good & h[ pleasant x is
 = bre?r5 to dwell toge!r 9 unity2' &   
!re are few bre?r5 t[>ds :om we feel    
clos] aff9ity ?an ! memb]s ( t ,*ur*1   
:i* 0 repres5t$ ( old by ,gom>us &      
,witsius1 by ,voet & ,m>ck1 & ,b]n>d de 
,moore1 & ^: ,synod ( ,dort prec$$ 9 "t1
 & pione]$ 9 doctr9e1 our own ,we/m9/]  
,assembly4 ,l !m1 we love t             
,presbyt]ianism & t ,calv9ism :i* we    
hold 9 common1 & we wi% to c>ry !m :]ev]
 we g2 b we fe> t x w\ld n be do+ ju/ice
 to ei!r1 & t x might compromise t "n   
:i* is above e o!r1 if1 on ! %ores (    

,*9a1 we 7 to unfurl a sep>ate /&>d4 ,we
 w\ld1 !re=e1 n only respectfully       
recomm5d to ! ,synod to all[ its        
,mission>ies to unite1 ,presbyt]ially z 
well z practically1 ) ! bre?r5 ( !      
,r4,d4,c42 b we w\ld express ! e>ne/    
hope t ! ,synod ( ! si/] ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica
 may f9d itself at lib]ty to ext5d to   
its ,mission>ies a simil> fre$om4  ,^!  
s5tim5ts 7 unanim\sly adopt$ by ! ,synod
 ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4  ,x    
seems p]fectly reasonable t two ,*ur*es 
( ,*ri/ s ne>ly alike1 9 attempt+ to    
plant ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 ! same place 9 a
 hea!n l&1 %\ld /rive1 if possible1 to  
=m _! conv]ts into "o organization4 ,!  
exi/5ce ( diff]5t ,d5om9ations 9 ! same 
place 9 any ,*ri/ian l&1 at ! be/1 is   
only a necess>y evil4 ,god may br+ "s   
good out ( ?is evil1 b ?is is n a       
suffici5t reason :y we %\ld create su*  
divisions1 = _! own sake4 ,h5ce1 !      
lib]ality ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*
 is s manife/ly 9 accordance ) !        
,*ri/ian _s1 t x might h attract$ no    

especial notice f u4 ,b ! proce$+s ( our
 own ,synod1 by contra/1 z x seems to u1
 h =c$ x out 9 bold relief4 ,!y 7 will+ 
to support _! ,mission>ies 9 labor+ )   
ours1 & build+ up a ,*9ese ,*ur*1 n     
diff]+ ess5tially f !irs1 b ) "s        
*>act]i/ics peculi> to ours4 ,we1 ?\gh !
 ,*ur* ?us organiz$ has n only all !    
ess5tials b all ! peculi>ities ( our own
 ,*ur*1 /ill refuse su* ,*ri/ian        
co-op]ation1 pref]r+ to r5d asund] !    
,*ur* already =m$1 & organize a "p ( x a
 di/9ct ,d5om9ation1 connect$ ) ! ,*ur* 
9 ,am]ica4 ,i _c yet believe t su* is ! 
s5tim5t ( our ,*ur*4 ,!re mu/ be "s     
great misappreh5sion4 ,b su* is really !
 decision ( ! la/ ,synod4 ,"h is !      
language ( ! ,committee :i* 0 adopt$ by 
! ,g5]al ,synod3  ,y\r ,committee d n   
see any propriety 9 re-enact+ ! law (   
#aheg already quot$1 because x has nev] 
be5 repeal$1 & rema9s !re=e 9 full =ce &
 virtue4 ,nor1 if ! reason+ 9 ?is report
 be correct1 w\ld !y h ! law repeal$1   
believ+ z !y d1 t ! ma9t5ance ( !       

pr9ciple conta9$ 9 x is ess5tial to !   
success ( our ,mission>y op]ations 9    
=eign p>ts1 & to ! :olesome lib]ality ( 
! ,*ur* at home4  ,! ,committee are n   
prep>$1 h[ev]1 to recomm5d t any viol5t 
or co]cive resolutions %\ld be adopt$ = 
! purpose ( con/ra9+ our bre?r5 9 ,amoy 
to a c\rse ( proc$ure :i* w\ld rudely   
sev] ! bro!rly ties t unite !m ) !      
,mission>ies ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian   
,*ur*4 ,b a ,*ri/ian discretion w enable
 !m1 on ! receipt ( ! decision ( !      
pres5t ,synod 9 ?is matt]1 n[ "u        
consid]ation1 to take su* initial /eps z
 are necess>y to ! spe$y =mation ( a    
classis4 ,mu* mu/ be left to _!         
discretion1 prud5ce1 & judgm5t4 ,b ( !  
wi% & expectation ( ?is ,synod to h _!  
action con=m1 z soon z may be1 to !     
resolutions ( #aheg1 y\r ,committee ?9k 
! bre?r5 at ,amoy %\ld be di/9ctly      
in=m$4 ,!y !re=e (f] ! foll[+3  #a4     
,resolv$1 t ! ,g5]al ,synod1 hav+ adopt$
 & te/$ its plan ( conduct+ ,=eign      
,missions1 c see no reason = aboli%+ x1 

b1 on ! contr>y1 believe x to be adapt$ 
to ! promotion ( ! be/ int]e/s ( !      
,=eign ,mission>y ,*ur*es1 & ( !        
d5om9ation support+ !m4  #b4 ,t ! ,bo>d 
( ,=eign ,missions be1 & h]eby is1      
in/ruct$ to s5d to our ,mission>ies a   
copy or copies ( ?is report1 z conta9+ !
 well-consid]$ deliv]ance ( ! ,synod    
respect+ _! pres5t relations & future   
duty4  #c4 ,t ! ,secret>y ( ! ,=eign    
,bo>d be1 & h]eby is1 direct$ to s5d to 
! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hamilton1 ( ,london1      
,conv5] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,committee1 a  
copy ( ?is ,report1 ) a copy ( ! action 
( #aheg1 & t he in=m him by lett] ( !   
wi%es & expectations ( ! ,synod respect+
 ! ecclesia/ical relations :i* ?is body 
desires its *ur*es 9 ,amoy to su/a9 to  
x4  ,! above is only an extract f !     
close ( ! ,report ( ! ,committee1 &     
conta9s ! result at :i* !y arriv$4 ,9   
ref]5ce to x we w\ld make ?ree rem>ks4  
7#a74 ,x 7,res4 #c7 seems r a cavali]   
answ] to ! frat]nal wi% ( ! ,synod ( !  
,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 z express$ 9

 _! action4 7#b47 ,! action ( ,synod is 
made to re/ 7,res4 #a7 on ! fact t      
,synod _h te/$ ?is plan ( conduct+      
,=eign ,missions4 ,if ?is be s1 & ! plan
 _h be5 f\nd by exp]im5t                
unobjectionable1 ! argum5t is n )\t =ce4
 ,b h[ & :]e has ?is te/ be5 appli$1 &  
f\nd s satisfactory8 ,our ,*ur* has ?ree
 ,missions among ! hea!n3 "o 9 ,india1  
"o 9 ,*9a1 & "o 9 ,japan4 ,has x be5    
te/$ 9 ,japan8 ,no4 ,!y h n yet a s+le  
native ,*ur*4 ,has x be5 te/$ 9 ,*9a8   
,if s1 ! ,mission>ies 7 n aw>e ( x4 ,!  
te/ appli$ !re has be5 ( an opposite "*1
 & has be5 wond]fully successful4 ,! te/
 has only be5 appli$ 9 ,india1 & has    
only begun to be appli$ ev5 !re4 ,!re1 z
 yet1 !re is b "o native pa/or4 ,_!     
,classis is m ,am]ican ?an ,indian4 ,we 
mu/ wait until !y h a native ,classis1  
be=e ! te/ c be pron\nc$ at all         
satisfactory4 ,true1 t ,mission has be5 
v successful s9ce !y =m$ :at is call$ a 
,classis 9 connection ) ! ,synod 9      
,am]ica4 ,b has x be5 m successful ?an !

 ,mission at ,amoy8 ,comp>e ! am\nt (   
labor & ! money exp5d$ on ! two         
,missions1 & !n look at ! results1 & ?us
 decide ab\t ! te/s4 ,x is 9 no _s (    
va+lory t we call = su* a comp>ison4    
,/udi\sly h we avoid$ x1 & !            
responsibility mu/ re/ on ^? :o compel u
 to x4 7#c47 ,no consid]ation is _h = ! 
feel+s1 wi%es1 or op9ions ( ! native    
,*ur*es4 ,"s consid]ation is %[n = !    
feel+s ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian         
,mission>ies4 ,?is is z x ought to be4  
,yet x is a matt] ( comp>atively little 
importance4 ,! inali5able rights ( !    
native *ur*es1 _! relation to ea* o!r1  
_! absolute unity--?+s ( ! utmo/        
consequ5ce--are n at all reg>d$1 are    
entirely ignor$6  ,x w\ld h occupi$ too 
mu* space to h quot$ ! :ole ( ! ,report 
( ! ,committee4 ,! prec$+ "p ( x        
occupies ne>ly six pages ( ! ,m9utes (  
,synod4 ,yet we may n pass t "p ov] 9   
sil5ce1 =1 :ile ) mu* ( its cont5ts we h
 no dispute1 x conta9s "s grave mi/akes 
( fact1 &1 z we ?9k1 "s v grave errors (

 doctr9e4 ,x grieves me to say ?us mu*1 
& also to feel compell$ to add ! foll[+ 
/rictures4 ,b1 9 ord] to discuss ?is    
subject1 duty requir$ ! c>eful          
exam9ation ( ! :ole ( ! ,report1 &1 f9d+
 9 x su* errors1 ! cle> /atem5t ( !m4 ,x
 might be easy1 p]haps1 to acc\nt = !   
fact1 t mi/akes1 9 a report1 unpr9t$1 & 
( su* l5g?1 %\ld escape ! notice (      
,synod1 b an attempt to apologize = t   
body might give occasion to inf] m      
disrespect ?an simply to po9t out !     
mi/akes4  ,aft] "s introductory rem>ks1 
*iefly conc]n+ ! difficulty ( _! task1 !
 ,committee beg9 ) ! ass]tion (         
pr9ciples4 ,^! !y make ?ree 9 numb]4 ,! 
sum ( ! fir/ pr9ciple is t a ,*ur*1 by  
div9e arrangem5t1 has gov]nm5t4 ,!      
ess5tial idea ( _! second pr9ciple1 s f>
 z we c und]/& x1 is1 t ! ,dut* ,*ur*   
has a cle>ly def9$ gov]nm5t4 ,!         
,mission>ies at ,amoy1 z well z ! m9i/]s
 9 ?is c\ntry1 admit bo? ^! pr9ciples   
fully4 ,b !y d n affect ! "q 9 dispute4 
,n s ) ! ?ird pr9ciple ( ! ,committee4  

,le/ ,i might be suppos$ to misrepres5t1
 ,i w quote _! own language3 ,no        
gov]nm5t c1 volunt>ily1 rel9qui% its    
p[]s1 & abnegate its au?ority )\t !reby 
invit+ disord]1 disquietude1 &1 9 ! end1
 its de/ruction4 ,is ?is1 inde$1 z !    
,committee ass]t1 "o ( ! admitt$        
pr9ciples ( our ,*ur*8 "o ( !           
convictions 9 ! m9d ( our ,*ur*1 h>dly  
sep>able 9 idea f its v exi/5ce8 "o ( ! 
old tru?s ma9ta9$ ?r\gh blood & flame8  
,if ! doctr9e be true1 ! ,*ur* 9 ,holl& 
_h no "r to rel9qui% its au?ority ov] ! 
,*ur* 9 ,am]ica4 ,if ?is doctr9e be a   
pr9ciple ( our ,*ur*1 nev]1 nev] c\ld   
y\r ,mission>ies cons5t to be in/rum5tal
 9 br++ ! ,*ur* 9 ,*9a1 :i* n[ has      
lib]ty 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 into su* p]petual
 bondage4 ,once br+ ! ,*9ese *ur*es "u !
 au?ority ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica1 & x      
matt]s n h[ great may be _! gr[?1 & h[  
_m c5turies may pass away1 ! ,*ur* 9    
,am]ica c nev] rel9qui% h] au?ority ov] 
!m6 ,b ?is is n an admitt$ pr9ciple (   
our ,*ur*4 ,! ,dut* ,*ur* is prote/ant1 

n papal4 ,in/ead ( ! pr9ciple be+ "o ( !
 old tru?s ma9ta9$ ?r\gh blood & flame  
by h]1 x is an old error ( ! ,papacy1 = 
reject+ :i* %e p\r$ out h] blood s      
freely1 & w\ld d ! same to-day4 ,yet 9 !
 ,report ( ! ,committee ?is error (     
,romanism1 guilty ( ! blood ( ?\s&s ^u  
?\s&s ( ! sa9ts ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 is made 
to lie at ! basis ( ! action ( ! la/    
,synod6  ,! ,committee next proce$ to ! 
/atem5t ( c]ta9 hi/oric facts4 ,z ) !   
admitt$ pr9ciples1 s ) ! hi/oric facts4 
,) "s ( !m we h no dispute4 ,b :5 !y    
come to describe ! pres5t condition &   
relations ( ! *ur*es at ,amoy1 _!       
language1 to say ! lea/1 is v un=tunate4
 ,^! six ,*ur*es1 say !y1 h gr[n up     
toge!r "u su* an int]*ange & community (
 labor on ! "p ( our own ,mission>ies1 &
 on ! "p ( ^? belong+ to ! ,engli%      
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 t all are said to h 
a two-fold ecclesia/ical relation--"o ) 
,engl&--"o ) ,am]ica1 & /ill a ?ird1 &  
economical & dome/ic relation among     
!mselves1 :i* is cov]$ & controll$ by   

:at is /yl$ ',! ,great ,presbyt]ial or  
,classical ,c\ncil ( ,amoy4'  ,we d n "k
 by :om ^! native ,*ur*es are said to h 
a two-fold or ?ree-fold ecclesia/ical   
relation4 ,x is n s said by !           
,mission>ies4 ,!y cont5d t ! native     
*ur*es are nei!r ,engli%1 nor ,am]ican1 
b ,*9ese *ur*es4 ,!y are ecclesia/ically
 relat$ to ea* o!r1 & ought to rema9 s4 
,b ! ef=t is n[ made to sev] ?is        
ecclesia/ical relation to ea* o!r1 & br+
 half ( !m into ecclesia/ical           
relation%ip ) ! ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica1 mak+ !m
 ! ,prote/ant ,re=m$ ,dut* ,*ur* ( ,nor?
 ,am]ica1 9 ,*9a6 ,at pres5t ! native   
*ur*es h an intimate1 b n an            
ecclesia/ical1 relation to bo? ! ,*ur* 9
 ,engl& & ,am]ica4  ,f ! above mi/ak5   
/atem5t ! ,committee h drawn out ?ree   
p>ticul>s :i* !y seem to ?9k especially 
wor?y ( note4  #a/4 ,t :ile ?is ,*9ese  
,presbyt]ial or ,classical ,c\ncil is   
itself an autonomy--hav+ ! "r to orda9  
m9i/]s1 ex]cise discipl9e1 & d :atev]   
else a 'self-regulat+ ,classis' or      

,presbyt]y c or may d1 /ill ! :ole 9    
,engl& is claim$ to be ! ,presbyt]y (   
,amoy1 & to ?is ,synod x is report$ z ! 
,classis ( ,amoy4  ,h[ dreadful6 ,engli%
 ,presbyt]ians call ! body at ,amoy a   
,presbyt]y1 & ,am]ican ,dut*m5 call x a 
,classis6 ,if ?is language is also meant
 to imply t ! ,classis at ,amoy is      
usurp+ au?ority1 x is answ]$ 9 o!r p>ts 
( ?is pap]4  ,! next p>ticul> ( !       
,committee is3  #b;d4 ,! ,mission>ies1  
:ile !y are memb]s ( ?is ,gr&           
,presbyt]ial or ,classical ,c\ncil1     
ex]cis+ full m9i/]ial functions 9 x1    
are1 at ! same "t1 memb]s ei!r (        
,classes 9 ,am]ica1 or ( ,presbyt]ies 9 
,great ,brita94  ,! mean+ ( ?is second  
p>ticul> is1 t ! ,mission>ies h a       
two-fold ecclesia/ical relation4 ,is !re
 any?+ contr>y to ,scripture doctr9e1 or
 to ,presbyt]ian pr9ciples1 or to common
 s5se1 t ecclesia/ical relations %\ld   
correspond to fact8--t ! ,mission>ies   
%\ld h "s sort ( an ecclesia/ical       
relation1 bo? to ! ,*ur* at home & to ! 

,*ur* 9 ,*9a8 ,!y h a peculi>           
relation%ip to bo? ^! ,*ur*es4 ,:y =get 
or ignore ! fact t !y are ,evangeli/s & 
n ,pa/ors8 ,:y object to an             
ecclesia/ical relation%ip exactly       
correspond+ to1 & requir$ by1 _! (fice &
 position8 ,! two p>ts ( ?is relation%ip
 d n contradict ea* o!r4 ,!y are        
altoge!r correlative4 ,! ,mission>ies   
are /ill ag5ts ( ! ,*ur* :i* s5t !m out4
 ,_! ecclesia/ical relation to x %\ld be
 direct1 t !y may be controll$ by x1    
indep5d5t ( any int]m$iate body4 ,!     
,*ur* at home _c af=d to cut (f h]      
,mission>ies f ?is imm$iate relation%ip 
s long z !y rema9 h] ag5ts4 ,?is does n 
conflict )1 b requires "s sort ( a      
correspond+ relation%ip to ! ,*ur*es    
plant$ & gr[+ up ?r\gh _! in/rum5tality4
 ,_! relation%ip to ^? ,*ur*es mu/ h    
ref]5ce especially to local matt]s1 = ! 
prop] organization1 & control1 &        
developm5t ( ! native *ur*es1 n at all  
to be controll$ by !m4 ,:5 !y cease to  
be ag5ts ( ! ,*ur* at home1 & become !  

prop] pa/ors ( ! native *ur*es1 !n w be 
! prop] "t to put !mselves "u ! control 
( ! native *ur*es1 in/ead ( ! ,*ur* at  
home4 ,we mu/ n conf\nd evangelization )
 colonization4 ,does any "o imag9e t    
,paul & ,b>nabas1 & ,timo?y & ,titus1 or
 any ( !m 7= !y 7 n all apo/les71 _h    
connection ) ! ,*ur* :i* s5t !m out1    
only ?r\gh ! *ur*es & ecclesia/ical     
bodies organiz$ by !m8 or t !y 7 9 any  
s5se "u ! control ( ^? bodies8  ,! next 
& la/ p>ticul> ( ! ,committee is #c;d4  
,t :ile ! ,*ur*es1 ?ree at lea/1 are    
organiz$ "u & accord+ to ! ,con/itution 
( our ,*ur*1 x is1 nev]!less1 claim$ t !
 memb]s ( said ,*ur*es are n m memb]s ( 
! ,re=m$ ,dut* ,*ur* "h1 ?an !y are     
memb]s ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 
,! words ( ?is ?ird p>ticul> are almo/  
7n q7 accurate4 ,yet !y appe> to u l    
special plead+4 ,!y w\ld h be5 /rictly  
correct if !y _h run z foll[s3 ,^!      
,*ur*es are all 7:y say1 '?ree at       
lea/'87 organiz$ accord+ to 7n '"u'--see
 pages #bh-cj7 ! ,con/itution ( our     

,*ur*4 ,!re=e x is claim$ t !y =m a     
,*ur* ( our ord] 9 ,*9a1 b t ! memb]s   
!re( are nei!r memb]s ( ! ,re=m$ ,dut*  
,*ur* "h1 nor memb]s ( ! ,presbyt]ian   
,*ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,su* are ! facts4 ,x    
w\ld h be5 bett] if ! ,committee _h s   
/at$ !m4 ,! ef=t is n[ made to divide ^!
 *ur*es1 & make ?ree ( !m a "p ( ! ,dut*
 ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica4  ,!re is "o m p>agraph
 9 ! report ( ! ,committee :i* dem&s    
notice4 ,x is3  ,y\r ,committee c easily
 und]/& h[ reluctantly our ,mission>ies 
may h be51 or may /ill be1 to di/urb1 or
 alt]1 or modify ! relations ( ! ,*ur*es
 at ,amoy4 ,b !y conceive x to be _!    
duty to say t feel+ %\ld nev] be all[$  
to take ! place ( consci5ce1 nor to     
dis*>ge its functions2 & s long z our   
,mission>ies claim to be subord9ate to !
 au?ority ( ,g5]al ,synod1 !y %\ld all[ 
?is body to assume ! responsibility (   
its *os5 & delib]ate policy4  ,x seems  
to u ! ,committee are n mu* m =tunate on
 ! subject ( casui/ry1 ?an on ,*ur*     
gov]nm5t & hi/oric facts4 ,!            

,mission>ies d claim to be subord9ate to
 ! au?ority ( ,g5]al ,synod1 b !y also  
claim to be subord9ate to ! ,supreme    
au?ority4 ,n[ suppose--we %all n be *>g$
 ) insubord9ation = ! m]e               
supposition--suppose ! ,synod1 ?r\gh "s 
misappreh5sion1 %\ld direct u to pursue 
a c\rse1 :i*1 aft] ! mo/ mature         
reflection1 we felt to be injuri\s to ! 
cause ( ,*ri/1 & consequ5tly contr>y to 
,8 w--w ! fact ( ! ,synod assum+ !      
responsibility cle> our skirts8 ,:o is !
 ,"l ( consci5ce8 ,g5]al ,synod8 ,x     
seems to u1 :ile ! ,committee conceive x
 to be _! duty to deliv] to !           
,mission>ies at ,amoy a lecture on !    
importance ( giv+ he$ to consci5ce1 9 ! 
v same s5t5ce !y direct u to hold       
consci5ce 9 abeyance4 ,b :]e did !      
,committee le>n t _! ,mission>ies 7     
influ5c$ by feel+s & n by consci5ce1 & t
 too 9 ref]5ce to ! lay+ ( ! f\ndation (
 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 su* an empire z t (  
,*9a2 t !y felt call$ ^u 9 ?is solemn   
mann] to deliv] su* a lecture8 ,w\ld su*

 a reflection h be5 ca/ on any o!r body 
( m9i/]s 9 our ,*ur*8 or is x suppos$ t 
m5 :o give !mselves to ! "w ( prea*+ !  
gospel 9 hea!n l&s are less "u !        
influ5ce ( consci5ce ?an ^? :o rema9 at 
home8 ,!y conceiv$ x to be _! duty6 ,0  
x8  ,s mu* = ! ,report ( ! ,committee ( 
,synod4 ,! decision ( ,synod has be5    
giv51 z /at$ above4 ,! important "q n[  
is1 :at w be ! result ( ?is decision on 
! ,*ur* at ,amoy8 ,?is "q1 h[ev]1 _c yet
 be answ]$ ) c]ta9ty1 = we _c yet ev5   
guess :at c\rse ! ,mission>ies !re1 :5  
!y le>n ! decision ( ,synod1 w feel x _!
 duty to pursue4 ,!re may be m1 b ,i c  
n[ only ?9k ( ?ree ways op5 be=e !m4    
7#a47 ,to ask ! ,bo>d to recall !m4 ,!y 
firmly believe t _! c\rse ( proce$+1 9  
organiz+ ! ,*ur* at ,amoy1 is n only 9  
accordance ) ! tea*+s ( ! ,holy         
,scriptures1 b also ) ! pr9ciples ( our 
,*ur*4 ,to be ! in/rum5ts1 !n1 ( divid+ 
! ,*ur*1 :i* ,god has ga!r$ by _! h&s1  
may be to s9 aga9/ _! consci5ces4 ,!y   
may !re=e ask ! ,bo>d to appo9t o!r     

ag5ts to c>ry out ! decision ( ,synod4  
,?is w\ld n be insubord9ation1 b p]fect 
subord9ation bo? to ! au?ority ( ,synod 
& also to t au?ority :i* all ,prote/ant 
,*ri/ians ackn[l$ge to be supreme4 ,?is1
 ,i suppose1 w\ld be ! mo/ natural c\rse
 = ! bre?r5 to take1 except = "o        
consid]ation2 t is1 _! love = ! ,*ur*es 
ga!r$ by !m1 or "u _! c>e1 & _!         
responsibility 9 ref]5ce to ! spiritual 
welf>e ( ^? disciples ( ! ,"l4 ,x w\ld  
be ! sev]e/ trial !y h ev] be5 call$ on 
to endure to be recall$ f _! "w4 ,!re=e 
7#b47 ,!y may delay _! action1 mak+ "o m
 ef=t to get _! views publi%$1 hop+ t ! 
,*ur* w yet *ange h] decision1 & n      
require ( !m to engage 9 a proce$+ :i*  
!y ?9k w be s injuri\s to ! cause (     
,*ri/2 b1 on ! contr>y1 w approve ( !   
c\rse h]et(ore adopt$ by !m z altoge!r  
scriptural1 & ! true doctr9e ( our      
,*ur*4 ,or 7#c47 ,!y may possibly1 aft] 
mature reflection1 ?9k ! lea/ evil w be 
to c>ry out ! decision ( ,synod1 al?\gh 
t decision be altoge!r contr>y to _! own

 judgm5t4 ,!n !y w take ?ree ( ! six    
*ur*es1 :i* n[ are all ( our ord]1 &    
organize ^! ?ree a sep>ate ,d5om9ation &
 an integral "p ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica4    
,?is is ! c\rse :i* at home w be g5]ally
 expect$ ( !m4  ,n[ let u suppose t !y w
 adopt ?is ?ird c\rse1 & !n let u look  
calmly at its results--at ! suppos$ or  
real advantages !re(1 & ! suppos$ or    
real evils !re(4  ,we fir/ look at !    
,advantages4  #a4 ,! mo/ important is1  
or is suppos$ to be1 t !re w ?us be     
high] c\rts ( jurisdiction to :i*       
appeals may be made1 & by :i* or?odoxy &
 good ord] may be ! bett] secur$ to !   
,*ur* at ,amoy4 ,su* advantages1 if !y c
 be ?us secur$1 we w\ld by no means     
und]rate4 ,!re sometimes are cases (    
appeal = :i* we ne$ ! highe/ c\rt       
practicable--! collective wisdom ( !    
,*ur* s f> z x c be obta9$2 & !         
pres]vation ( or?odoxy & good ord] is ( 
! fir/ importance4 ,n[ let u see :e!r ! 
plan propos$ w secure ^! advantages4    
,let u suppose t "o ( ! bre?r5 feels    

himself aggriev$ by ! decision ( !      
,classis ( ,amoy1 & he appeals to !     
,p>ticul> ,synod ( ,albany1 & !nce to ! 
,g5]al ,synod4 ,he w n be d5i$ ! "r to  
su* appeal4 ,b1 9 ord] t ! appeal may be
 prop]ly prosecut$ & dispos$ (1 !       
appellant & ! repres5tative ( ,classis  
%\ld be pres5t 9 ^! high] c\rts4 ,c ?is 
be secur$8 ,is ! wa/e ( "t1 ( a ye> or  
m1 no?+8 & :]e %all ! ?\s&s ( doll>s (  
necess>y exp5se come f8 ,n[ suppose ?is 
appellant to be a ,*9ese bro!r4 ,he also
 has rights4 ,b h[1 on ?is plan1 c he   
possibly obta9 !m8 ,suppose 7:i* (      
itself is an absurdity7 t ! money be    
rais$ = him1 & he is p]mitt$ to /& on ! 
floor ( ,synod4 ,he _c speak1 read1 or  
write a ^w ( ,engli%4 ,n a memb] (      
,synod c speak1 read1 or write a ^w ( 8 
language1 except x be ! bro!r prosecut+ 
him4 ,i ask1 is x possible = him ?us to 
obta9 ju/ice8 ,b1 waiv+ all ^!          
disadvantages1 ! only po9ts on :i* !re  
is ! lea/ probability t an appeal ( a   
,*9ese bro!r w\ld come up be=e ! high]  

c\rts1 are po9ts on :i* ^! high] c\rts  
w\ld n be qualifi$ to decide4 ,!y w\ld  
d\btless gr[ out ( ! peculi> cu/oms &   
laws ( ! ,*9ese--po9ts on :i* !         
,mission>y1 aft] he has be5 on ! gr\nd a
 doz5 ye>s1 (t5 feels unwill+ to decide1
 & takes ! op9ion ( ! native eld]s 9    
pref]5ce to 8 own4 ,is x "r to impose a 
yoke l ?is on t little ,*ur* :i* ,god is
 ga!r+ by y\r in/rum5tality 9 t f>-(f l&
 ( ,*9a8 ,b x is said1 t ^! cases (     
appeal 7because ( impracticability7 w v 
r>ely or nev] happ54 ,be x s2 !n ?is    
suppos$ advantage w seldom or nev]      
occur1 & if x %\ld occur1 x w\ld prove a
 disadvantage4 ,! highe/ practical c\rt 
( appeal = ! native *ur*es c be secur$  
only on ! plan = :i* ! ,mission>ies     
cont5d4 ,:y mu/ we deprive ! native     
,*ri/ians ( ! b5efit ( ! collective     
wisdom ( all ! *ur*es ( l doctr9e & ord]
 among !m8  ,z reg>ds or?odoxy & good   
ord]1 x is incumb5t on ! ,*ur* at home  
to use h] utmo/ endeavors to secure ^!4 
,d\btless ?is 0 ! great design ( ,synod1

 bo? 9 ! action ( #aheg & 9 ! action (  
#ahfc4 ,b w ! plan ( ,synod give u any  
great] security = ^! ?+s8 ,h[ c !y be   
secur$8 ,we answ]1 "u ,god1 only ?r\gh  
y\r ,mission>ies4 ,! great] y\r hold on 
y\r ,mission>ies1 ! bett] security = !  
*ur*es "u _! c>e4 ,! plan ( ,synod w\ld 
place y\r ,mission>ies ecclesia/ically  
almo/ beyond y\r control4 ,!y mu/ be    
dismiss$ f ! v>i\s ,classes 9 ?is       
c\ntry1 &1 toge!r ) ! native *ur*es "u  
_! c>e1 =m !mselves into a ,*9ese       
,classis4 ,ei!r !y w h a controll+      
influ5ce ov] ! native portion ( ?is     
,classis or !y w n4 ,if !y h1 !n y\r    
only way to discipl9e !m w be to        
discipl9e _! ,classis4 ,x w\ld be a new 
doctr9e 9 our ,*ur*1 to make ! ,bo>d (  
,=eign ,missions an ecclesia/ical m$ium 
betwe5 ! ,synod & "o ( its ,classes1 or 
to en=ce discipl9e ov] ! m9i/ry by !    
money rod4 ,! ,classis1 z su*1 mu/ be   
discipl9$ by ! direct act ( ,synod4 ,or1
 suppose ! ,mission>ies d n h su*       
controll+ influ5ce ov] ! native memb]s (

 ,classis1 = ! native memb]s w outnumb]1
 &1 unless ! action ( ,synod 7z we      
greatly fe>7 s]i\sly ret>d ! "w at      
,amoy1 w v soon greatly outnumb] !      
,mission>ies4 ,:at !n8 ,y\r ,mission>ies
 are "u ! ecclesia/ical control ( !     
native conv]ts4 ,_! doctr9es & morals   
are to be decid$ on by a c\rt compos$   
ma9ly ( rec5t conv]ts f hea!nism4 ,!    
only way to br+ !m be=e ! high] c\rts 9 
?is c\ntry1 is ?r\gh ?is native c\rt1 z 
we h already se51 almo/ an              
impossibility4 ,is x n pla9 t ! ,*ur* at
 home w n ?us h a moiety ( ! control ov]
 h] ,mission>ies %e n[ has8 ,is ?is !   
way to keep ! ,*ur* at ,amoy s\nd &     
pure8 ,x seems to be suppos$ by "s t !  
,mission>ies desire to be sep>at$ f !   
control ( ! ,*ur* at home4 ,?is is      
altoge!r a mi/ake1 & ano!r result (     
)hold+ _! views f ! public4 ,!y h no su*
 desire4 ,! contr>y is altoge!r ! fact4 
,!y d n desire to be plac$ "u ! control 
( ! native ,*9ese *ur*es4 ,!y did n     
d]ive _! au?ority f ^? *ur*es1 !y are n 

su/a9$ by !m1 & !y are 9 no s5se _!     
ag5ts1 b !y d]ive _! au?ority ?r\gh1 are
 su/a9$ by1 & are altoge!r ! ag5ts ( !  
,*ur* 9 ?is c\ntry2 !re=e ! ,*ur* at    
home has & %\ld reta9 control ov] !m4   
,!y are am5able to ! ,*ur* at home1     
?r\gh _! sev]al ,classes4 ,^! are ! only
 c\rts qualifi$ to take cognizance ( _! 
doctr9es & morals4 ,!y desire to rema9 9
 ?is relation4 ,we ?9k !y h a "r to dem&
 ?is1 until su* "t z !y become ag5ts ( !
 ,*ur* 9 ,*9a1 in/ead ( ! ,*ur* 9       
,am]ica4  ,suppose by "s means suspicion
 %\ld arise at home conc]n+ ! or?odoxy  
or morality ( "o or m ( y\r             
,mission>ies4 ,on ! plan propos$1 :at c 
! ,*ur* d ) !m8 ,may ! ,bo>d (          
,missions1 on m]e report or suspicion1  
recall !m )\t giv+ !m a prop] trial8 ,c 
! ,bo>d try !m8 ,no4 ,x is n an         
ecclesia/ical c\rt4 ,w ! ,*ur* be       
satisfi$ ) ! decision ( a c\rt1 a       
majority ( ^: memb]s h rec5tly be5      
conv]t$ f hea!nism ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality
 ( ^! v ,mission>ies8 ,b cont9ue ! plan 

( ! ,mission>ies & all w be simple4 ,if 
any ( ! ,mission>ies give occasion =    
suspicion1 let !m be tri$ by _! prop]   
,classes 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,?is is all t !  
,*ur* at home c d ecclesia/ically t[>ds 
keep+ ! ,*ur* pure 9 ,*9a4 ,:e!r !      
propos$ nom9al union be consummat$ or n1
 ! only hold y w h on ! ,*9ese *ur*es w 
be ?r\gh y\r ,mission>ies4 ,if !y w n   
receive ! in/ructions1 & li/5 to !      
advice ( y\r ,mission>ies & ( ! ,synod  
?r\gh !m1 y w\ld n expect !m to obey !  
injunctions ( ,synod4 ,y\r only o!r     
resort w be to )hold f !m help4 ,c y n d
 ! same n[8  ,b 9 all ?is discussion1 ,i
 fe>1 we lose sight too mu* ( our       
dep5d5ce on ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* to keep ,8
 ,*ur* pure4 ,sure ,i am t ! ,*ur* 9    
,*9a _c be kept pure by legislation on  
?is1 ! opposite side ( ! globe4 ,b we   
expect ,*ri/ to reign ov]1 & ! ,holy ,_s
 to be giv5 to ! *ur*es1 & ! prop]      
ecclesia/ical bodies =m$ ( !m 9 ,*9a z  
well z 9 ?is l&4 ,:y n8 ,su* are !      
promises ( ,god4 ,! way to secure ^! ?+s

 is by pray]1 & ! prea*+ ( ! pure       
gospel1 n by legislation4 ,let ! ,*ur*  
be c>eful 9 h] selection ( ,mission>ies4
 ,s5d only su* z %e has confid5ce 9--m5 
( ,god1 s\nd 9 ! fai?1 apt to tea*--& !n
 tru/ !m1 or recall !m4 ,don't attempt  
to control !m contr>y to _! judgm5t4    
,/range if ?is1 :i* is s mu* insi/$ on z
 ! policy ( our ,*ur*1 be "r1 t %e _c   
get a s+le man1 ( all %e s5ds out to    
,*9a1 to ?9k s4 ,c x be t ! ,mission>y  
"w is s subv]sive ( "r reason1 or (     
correct judgm5t1 or ( consci5ti\sness1 t
 all become p]v]t$ by engag+ 9 x8  #b4  
,ano!r suppos$ advantage is ! effect x w
 h 9 enli/+ ! sympa?ies ( ! ,*ur* 9     
behalf ( ! ,mission at ,amoy4 ,x is     
said1 tell ! ,*ur* t we h a fl\ri%+     
,classis at ,amoy1 a "p ( ourselves1    
connect$ ) ,g5]al ,synod1 j l all ! o!r 
,classes ( our ,*ur*1 ! effect w be     
wond]ful 9 enli/+ sympa?y1 money1 & m5 9
 behalf ( t ,mission2 o!rwise ! opposite
 evil mu/ be appreh5d$4 ,if ^! ?+s be s1
 !y are inde$ ( grave importance4 ,!    

,mission 9 ,*9a _c live )\t ! sympa?y ( 
! ,*ur* at home4 ,b are ^! ?+s s8 ,x    
seems to u t ! supposition takes =      
grant$ t our ,*ur* 9 its ,mission>y "w  
is influ5c$ by a desire = self-glory1 or
 self-gratification2 or1 at lea/1 t %e  
is n a ,*ur* ( lib]al views--t %e is n  
at all to be comp>$1 9 ?is respect1 ) ! 
,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 or ! ,free  
,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,allusion has already  
be5 made to ! lib]ality ( ! ,engli%     
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,i may n[ also rem>k
 t a l>ge am\nt ( ! funds = c>ry+ on !  
"w at ,amoy is rais$ 9 ,scotl& f memb]s 
( ! ,free ,*ur*4 ,!y nev] _h any idea t 
! *ur*es ga!r$ 9 ,*9a 7 to be a "p ( _! 
own ,*ur*4 ,!y d n ev5 ask t !y be a "p 
( _! si/] ,*ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,!y only ask t
 !y %all be s\nd 9 ! fai? & hold to !   
ess5tials ( ,presbyt]ianism1 ev5 ?\gh !y
 h "s *>act]i/ics peculi> to ! ,dut* &  
o!r ,re=m$ ,*ur*es4 ,^! ,presbyt]ian    
bre?r5 9 ,engl& & ,scotl& are n only    
ready to support _! own ,mission>ies 9  
_! "w ( build+ up ! *ur*es "u _!        

especial c>e1 b !y /& ready to assi/ !  
,mission>ies ( our ,*ur* 9 build+ up !  
*ur*es "u our especial c>e4 ,( _!       
frequ5t (f]s to assi/ u1 :5 !y fe>$ we  
%\ld be 9 want ( funds1 our ,bo>d c be> 
te/imony4 ,we are n yet will+ to believe
 t our p are a p ( n>r[ views 9 a matt] 
l ?is4 ,x is contr>y to our hi/ory 9 "t 
pa/4 ,x is contr>y to ! facts ( ! pres5t
 day4 ,x is contr>y to all my obs]vation
 among our *ur*es4 ,our p d n fir/ ask  
:e!r x be build+ ourselves up1 be=e !y  
sympa?ize ) a b5evol5t object4 ,we      
believe ! contr>y is ! exact tru?4 ,x   
requires a lib]al policy to call =?     
lib]al views & action4 ,z reg>ds !      
enli/+ ( m51 look at ! facts4 ,e man :o 
has gone out f among y1 to engage 9 ?is 
,mission>y "w1 begs ( y n to adopt a    
n>r[ policy4 ,s 9 reg>d to obta9+ (     
funds4 ,usually1 ! m5 :o are mo/ lib]al 
9 giv+ are mo/ lib]al 9 feel+4 ,?is mu/ 
be s 9 ! v nature ( ?+s4 ,! way to      
ali5ate ! sympa?ies ( ! ,*ur* f !       
,mission at ,amoy is to divide ! ,*ur*  

!re by a sect>ian policy2 & ! way to    
enli/ h] sympa?ies is to cont9ue ! =m]  
plan1 & let ! "w g =w>d ) ! ,div9e      
bless+ z 9 days pa/4 ,! p w be m        
enc\rag$1 & praise ,god m he>tily1 :5 y 
tell !m ( six organiz$ *ur*es l our own1
 & _m o!rs gr[+ up all ar\nd1 ?an !y w  
if y tell !m ( only ?ree *ur*es1 & only 
a few out-/ations1 "u our c>e4 ,!y w n  
object to he> t ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian  
bre?r5 are labor+ ) u1 & organiz+ *ur*es
 s ne>ly l our own4 ,h[ev] p[]ful !     
motive address$ to ! desire to build up 
our own ,*ur*1 !re are motives inf9itely
 m p[]ful4 ,su* are ! motives to be     
dep5d$ on 9 endeavor+ to elevate ! /&>d 
( lib]ality among our p4  ,let bre?r5 9 
! ,m9i/ry try ! exp]im5t1 & tell _! p ( 
! wond]s ( ,god's grace3--t he has l$ 8 
s]vants f our own ,*ur* 9 ?is l&1 & f ! 
,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,great ,brita91 9  
_! "w ( evangeliz+ ! hea!n1 & lay+ !    
f\ndation ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 to lay     
aside all national animosities1 & rise  
above all d5om9ational prejudices &     

jeal\sies--t he has giv5 to !           
,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,engl&1 & ! si/]   
,*ur* 9 ,scotl&1 a _s ( ca?olicity &    
lib]ality z exhibit$ 9 ! previ\s "p (   
?is pap]--& t1 z a consequ5ce1 he is    
caus+ 8 ,*ur* to gr[ up 9 ! region (    
,amoy 9 beautiful proportions1 all !    
congregations "u _! c>e & ours also     
manife/+ ! same _s ( ca?olicity &       
lib]ality1 submitt+ to ea* o!r accord+  
to ! ,div9e comm&1 work+ toge!r ) !     
utmo/ h>mony1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 )      
wond]ful effectiv5ess4 ,c y acc\nt = su*
 ?+s except by ! en]gy ( ! ,_s ( ,god8  
,surely x is n ! _s ( ! _w1 nei!r is x !
 _s ( ! devil4 ,try ! exp]im5t1 !n1 &   
see :e!r ! wond]s ( ,god's grace w      
ali5ate ! he>ts ( 8 p4 ,y\r ,mission>ies
 h no d\bt--we c h>dly und]/& h[ any :o 
exam9e ! subject c d\bt--we are sure t  
no "o c p]sonally behold ! "w & yet     
d\bt1 t ! wond]ful bless+ ( ,god1 :i*   
has accompani$ ! "w at ,amoy1 has be5   
bo? ! cause & ! result ( ?is h>moni\s   
labor on ! "p ( y\r ,mission>ies1 & ^? f

 ! si/] ,*ur*es 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&4     
,!re=e1 we feel assur$ t ! simple       
recital ( ! grace ( ,god ?us manife/$1  
mu/ influ5ce ! he>ts ( 8 p mo/ p[]fully1
 & !re=e x is t we besee* ! ,*ur* n to  
int]f]e )1 & h9d] ! "w ( ,god4 ,may we n
 ref]1 )\t be+ *>g$ ) disrespect1 to !  
,synod ( ,j]usalem z a prop] example =  
our ,g5]al ,synod8 ,pet] says1 ,:y tempt
 ye ,god to put a yoke ^u ! neck ( !    
disciples1 :i* nei!r we nor our fa!rs 7 
able to be>8 ,& !n ! decree1 :i* !      
,synod s5t to ! ,*ur*es1 runs ?us3 ,x   
seem$ good to ! ,holy ,gho/ & to u1 to  
lay ^u y no great] burd5 ?an ^! necess>y
 ?+s4 ,! ecclesia/ical p[] :i* ! ,"l ha?
 giv5 to 8 ,*ur* is to edification1 & n 
to de/ruction4  ,if ! ,mission>ies be   
all[$ to proce$ 9 build+ up a ,*ur*1 l  
our own1 simply ) ref]5ce to !          
evangelization ( ,*9a1 d\btless bre?r5 9
 ! m9i/ry1 & o!r influ5tial m51 c\ld    
take occasion !refrom to prejudice !    
,*ur*es aga9/ our "w4 ,!y c\ld d ?is1 if
 !y 7 s dispos$1 )\t any su* occasion4  

,b w !y d x8 ,we _c believe t !y w4 ,!y 
love ! cause ( ,*ri/ too well1 & desire 
to see ! _w conv]t$ to ,god too ard5tly1
 to p]mit !m to ?r[ any ob/acles 9 ! way
 ( our "w1 ev5 ?\gh t "w be n c>ri$ =w>d
 9 ! mann] :i* !y consid] altoge!r !    
be/4 ,if we are "r1 ^! bre?r5 w soon see
 t we are "r1 & h[ev] p[]ful ! motive to
 be address$ to ! desire ( ext5d+ our   
own ,*ur*1 !y w f9d inf9itely m p[]ful  
motives to be address$ to a m noble     
desire ( ! ,*ri/ian he>t4 ,if our p h n 
yet le>n$1 !y %\ld be taught to engage 9
 ! "w ( evangeliz+ ! _w1 n = ! sake (   
our ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica1 b = ! sake ( ,*ri/ 
& ,8 ,*ur*1 & :5 ! ,*ur* ?us built up is
 l our own1 !y %\ld be fully satisfi$4  
,we believe !y w be satisfi$ ) ?is4  #c4
 ,! only o!r suppos$ advantage ,i c n[  
?9k (1 is ! advantage ( c>ry+ out !     
policy ( our ,*ur*4 ,?is1 9 itself      
consid]$1 might be reg>d$ wor?y ( b     
little att5tion4 ,_c--ought n--! ,*ur*  
*ange h] policy if wrong1 or if a bett] 
c be adopt$8 ,surely h] laws are n l ^? 

( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians4 ,b ! argum5t has  
be5 us$ ) s mu* e>ne/ness & p]sev]ance1 
bo? 9 ! ,reports ( ! ,committees & 9 !  
discussions 9 ,synod1 t x dem&s "s      
inve/igation4 ,in/ead ( ! c\rse pursu$  
by ! ,mission>ies be+1 z x is cont5d$1  
contr>y to1 x is ! true policy ( our    
,*ur*--! policy 9 exi/5ce long be=e !   
decision ( #aheg4 ,if ! c\rse n[ requir$
 ( !m be ! pres5t policy ( our ,*ur*1 x 
is a mi/ak5 policy1 contr>y to ! v g5ius
 ( our in/itutions1 & ought to be       
correct$4 ,x is s contr>y to our        
"t-honor$ ,con/itution t ei!r x or !    
,con/itution mu/ be sacrific$4 ,9 ord]  
to save ! policy x 0 f\nd necess>y dur+ 
! pa/ ye> to am5d ! ,con/itution by a   
clause s sweep+1 t if ! circum/ances ( a
 ,mission>y ,classis require x1 all !   
ord9>y requirem5ts ( ! ,con/itution may 
be disp5s$ ) by ! ,g5]al ,synod4 ,c x be
 t a policy :i* requires su*            
con/itutional *anges c be ! old & prop] 
policy ( our ,*ur*8 ,b if ! policy be   
cont9u$ we are n yet done ) *anges4 ,! v

 "n ( our ,*ur* mu/ be *ang$4 ,x n[ is  
,! ,re=m$ ,prote/ant ,dut* ,*ur* 9 ,nor?
 ,am]ica4 ,we mu/ expunge ! words 9     
,nor? ,am]ica1 or mu/ add ,india1 ,*9a1 
& ,japan1 & e o!r c\ntry :]e ! ,*ur* may
 und]take ,mission>y "w4 ,we "k x has   
be5 said ( ?is policy1 x is our settl$1 
irrev]sible policy4 ,is e ?+ !n to be   
reg>d$ z unsettl$ & *angeable b ?is     
policy ( ! ,*ur*8 ,we answ]1 ,no4 ,!    
,*ur* may *ange h] "n1 if %e please1 z  
%e has *ang$ h] ,con/itution4 ,or %e may
 *ange h] policy4 ,b !re are c]ta9      
fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t   
:i* %e may n *ange4 ,h5ce1 ev5 yet1 !   
pr9ciples = :i* ! ,mission>ies cont5d   
mu/ rema9 ! true policy ( our ,*ur*1 =  
!y lie at ! v f\ndation ( ,presbyt]ial  
ord]4 ,a full discussion ( ?is subject w
 come up mo/ naturally :5 we discuss !  
evils ( ! c\rse n[ requir$ ( u4 ,i w n[ 
allude to only "o fact4 ,! ,bo>d (      
,=eign ,missions 0 =m$ on ?is pr9ciple4 
,if ! ,classes at ,arcot & ,amoy are to 
be consid]$ integral p>ts ( ! ,*ur* 9   

?is c\ntry1 relat$ to ,g5]al ,synod l ! 
,classes 9 ?is c\ntry1 !n ! ,mission>ies
 at ^? /ations prop]ly %\ld come "u !   
,bo>d ( ,dome/ic ,missions4 ,suppose1   
accord+ to ! new plan1 ! ,mission>ies =m
 !mselves into ! k9d ( ,classis n[      
requir$ ( !m2 :at w be ! relation ( !   
,classis ( ,amoy to ! ,bo>d ( ,=eign    
,missions8 ,is ! ,classis1 9 evangeliz+ 
! hea!n ar\nd1 to op]ate ?r\gh ! ,bo>d1 
or ! ,bo>d ?r\gh ! ,classis8 ,! ,classis
 at ,amoy decide on a c]ta9 c\rse (     
ecclesia/ical proc$ure1 or evangeli/ic  
labor1 & ! ,bo>d decides on ano!r c\rse2
 h[ is su* a matt] to be settl$8 ,w x be
 said1 !re is no dang] ( su* difficulty8
 ,! ,classis & ,bo>d w bo? be compos$ ( 
m5 ) infirmities4 ,ask ! ,bo>d :e!r !re 
h n already be5 incipi5t difficulties1 9
 ! suppos$ cla%+ ( ! p[]s ( ! ,bo>d & ! 
p[]s ( ! ,classis ( ,arcot4 ,b !        
,classis ( ,arcot z yet is little m ?an 
an ,am]ican ,mission>y ,classis4 ,:at w 
be ! difficulties :5 x becomes an       
,indian ,classis8 ,b we are told1 keep !

 ,mission & ,classis di/9ct4 ,is !      
,mission1 !n1 to att5d to all !         
evangeli/ic "w1 & ! ,classis to d no?+8 
,or are !re to be two di/9ct evangeli/ic
 policies c>ri$ on at ,amoy1 ! "o by !  
,mission1 & ! o!r by ! ,classis8 ,or is 
! ,classis fir/ to come ov] to ! ,synod1
 & s get to ! ,bo>d 9 ord] to c>ry on ! 
"w ar\nd8 ,in/ead ( ?is new plan be+ !  
settl$ policy ( our ,*ur*1 we believe x 
to be a solecism4 ,:5 a ,*ur* is        
e/abli%$ among ! hea!n aft] our ord]1 !n
 is ! true policy ( our ,*ur* c>ri$ out4
 ,let ! pres5t relations ( !            
,mission>ies to ! ,bo>d & to _! sev]al  
,classes rema91 & !re w be no occasion =
 ! cla%+ ( ! p[]s ( ! ,bo>d ) ^? ( any  
ecclesia/ical body4  ,s mu* = !         
advantages4 ,!y are really              
disadvantages1 lead+ to s]i\s evils1 :i*
 ( !mselves %\ld be suffici5t to det] ! 
,*ur* f inaugurat+ ! policy propos$1 or1
 if x be already inaugurat$1 to lead h] 
to retrace h] /eps1 & adopt a bett] & a 
consi/5t policy4  ,n[ let u consid] !   

real or suppos$ ,evils 79 addition to ! 
above7 ( c>ry+ out ! decision ( ,synod4 
#a4 ,x w n be = ! cr$it ( our ,*ur*4 ,%e
 n[ has a "n1 ) o!r ,*ur*es1 = putt+ =? 
ef=ts to evangelize ! _w4 ,%all %e m>   
?is good "n & acquire "o = sect>ianism1 
by putt+ =? ef=ts to ext5d h]self1 n h] 
doctr9es & ord]2--!y are n sect>ian1 &  
h] ,mission>ies e/eem !m z highly z d _!
 bre?r5 at home--b h]self1 ev5 at ! co/ 
( divid+ *ur*es :i* ! grace ( ,god has  
made "o8  ,! decision ( ! la/ ,synod may
 n be ! result ( sect>ianism among ! p (
 our ,*ur*4 ,we d n ?9k x is4 ,b x w be 
difficult to conv9ce our ,presbyt]ian   
bre?r5 & o!rs1 t x is n s4 ,by way (    
illu/ration ,i w suppose a case4 ,a4 is 
engag$ 9 a v excell5t "w4 ,b4 comes to  
him1 & ! foll[+ dialogue ensues3  ,b4   
,fri5d ,a41 ,i am glad to see y engag$ 9
 s excell5t a "w4 ,i also h conclud$ to 
engage 9 x4 ,i %\ld be glad to "w ) y4  
,y "k ! prov]bs1 ',union is /r5g?1' &   
',two are bett] ?an "o4'  ,a4 ,yes1 yes1
 fri5d ,b1 ,i "k ^! prov]bs & believe !m

 z ?or\ghly z y d4 ,b ,i h a few        
peculi>ities ab\t my way ( work+4 ,!y   
are n _m1 & !y are n ess5tial1 b ,i ?9k 
!y are useful1 & wi% to "w accord+ to   
!m4 ,!re=e1 ,i pref] work+ alone4  ,b4  
,yes1 fri5d ,a41 we all h our           
peculi>ities1 &1 if !y be n c>ri$ too   
f>1 !y may all be made useful4 ,i h be5 
mak+ inquiries ab\t y\rs1 & ,i am glad  
to f9d !y are n ne>ly s _m1 or s diff]5t
 f m9e1 z y seem to suppose1 & z ,i once
 suppos$4 ,! fact is1 ,i r l "s ( !m1 &1
 ?\gh ,i may n e/eem !m all s highly z y
 d1 /ill ,i am will+ to con=m to !m2 =  
,i am fully p]suad$ t1 9 "w ( ?is k9d1  
two work+ toge!r c d va/ly m ?an two    
work+ sep>ately1 & ! "w w be mu* bett]  
done4 ,besides ?is1 ! social int]c\rse w
 be delightful4  ,a4 ,i appreciate1     
fri5d ,b41 y\r polit5ess1 & am well aw>e
 t all y say ab\t ! great] effici5cy &  
excell5ce ( unit$ "w1 & ! delights (    
social int]c\rse is p]fectly true4      
,b--b--well1 ,i pref] to "w alone4  #b4 
,x w be de/roy+ a real unity = ! sake ( 

creat+ "o1 :i*1 at ! be/1 c be only     
nom9al1 & h5ce w really be a violation (
 ,presbyt]ial ord]4 ,x seems /range to u
 t x %\ld be con/antly ass]t$ t we are  
/riv+ to create a =mal union betwe5 two 
bodies :i* are ess5tially di/9ct4 ,!re  
is no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,!re are six organiz$  
*ur*es at ,amoy4 ,!y are all ,dut* 7i4e4
 ,re=m$71 & !y are all ,presbyt]ian1 = !
 ,dut* ,*ur*es are all ,presbyt]ian4 ,b 
!y are ,*9ese1 n ,am]ican1 nor ,engli%1 
nor ,scot*4 ,if ^! *ur*es are n "o1 !n x
 is impossible = two or m individual    
*ur*es to be "o4 ,if s*ism 9 a ,*ur* be 
a s91 !n ! sep>ation ( ?is ,*ur* w be a 
s91 = x w be an actual s*ism4 ,y c make 
no?+ m nor less ( x4 ,if y say t s*ism  
is only an evil1 !n ! sep>ation ( ?is   
,*ur* w1 at lea/1 be an evil4  ,p]haps x
 w be ?\ght t s*ism is too h>d a t]m    
:]eby to designate ! sep>ation ( ! ,*ur*
 at ,amoy4 ,nev] m9d ! ^w1 !n1 b let u  
look at ! facts4 ,! prop] ,classis (    
,amoy1 compos$ ( all ! *ur*es ( l ord]1 
& ( ! ,mission>ies1 has proce$$1 accord+

 to ! ord] ( our ,*ur*1 to orda9 &      
in/all native pa/ors1 & to p]=m a few   
o!r necess>y ecclesia/ical acts4 ,^!    
pa/ors are n[ call$ on to sep>ate f1 &  
break up t body1 ?r\gh :i* !y receiv$ _!
 (fice6 ,! op9ions & wi%es ( ^! native  
pa/ors1 z well ( ! native ,classis1 & ! 
native *ur*es1 are all ignor$6 ,are su* 
?+s "r8 ,are ^! ! doctr9es or policy ( !
 ,dut* ,*ur*8 ,we are told t we ne$ say 
no?+ to ! native *ur*es on ! subject4   
,is ?is "r8 ,is ! ,dut* ,*ur* a hi]>*y8 
,does ! ,g5]al ,synod claim au?ority to 
ord] ! division 9 su* a mann] ( a       
,classis ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ )\t ! cons5t 
( t ,classis8 ,:at ,god ha? jo9$ toge!r 
let n man put asund]4  ,9 consequ5ce (  
fall5 humanity1 !re are evils :i* we    
call necess>y evils4 ,su* is ! case (   
diff]5t ,d5om9ations ( ,*ri/ians 9 !    
same region ( t]ritory4 ,!y diff] 9     
s5tim5t on important 7or suppos$ to be  
important7 subjects1 & because ( ?is    
diff]5ce 9 s5tim5t1 !y c "w toge!r 9    
great] h>mony1 & ) great] effici5cy1 by 

be+ =m$ into di/9ct organizations4 ,su*1
 h[ev]1 is n ! case ( ! six *ur*es at   
,amoy1 & o!rs gr[+ up "u _! c>e & ! c>e 
( y\r own & ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian      
,mission>ies4 ,ev5 :5 ,*ur*es agree 9   
doctr9e & ord]1 x is sometimes bett]1 & 
sometimes necess>y1 9 consequ5ce (      
geographical sep>ation or national      
di/9ctions1 to =m di/9ct organizations4 
,x is bett]1 or necess>y1 t ! ,*ur*es 9 
,holl&1 & ,am]ica1 & ,s\? ,africa1 be   
ecclesia/ically di/9ct4 ,we d n call ?is
 an evil1 = all ! advantages (          
ecclesia/ical c\rts & control are bett] 
?us secur$4 ,b suppose a case4 ,!re are1
 say1 ?irty ,dut* *ur*es 9 ! city ( ,new
 ,york4 ,n[1 suppose !re 7 no o!rs ( !  
same ord] ?r\gh\t ?is :ole l&3 in/ead ( 
all[+ ^! *ur*es to rema9 "o organic     
:ole--=m+ ,classes & ,synods1 z ! gr[? &
 conv5i5ce may all[ & direct--x is      
propos$ to take "o-half ( ^! *ur*es1 =m 
!m into a di/9ct organization1 ?us      
depriv+ !m ( ecclesia/ical relations to 
! o!r half1 & atta* !m to an            

ecclesia/ical body 9 ,*9a--a nation (   
diff]5t cu/oms & diff]5t language4 ,h[  
%\ld we designate su* an act8 ,! fir/ "p
 w\ld be s*ism1 & ! la/ "p w\ld be      
folly4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 su* a    
proc$ure & t requir$ ( u is1 t ! *ur*es 
at ,amoy h be5 ga!r$ p>tly by our       
in/rum5tality1 & are dep5d5t p>tly on u 
= in/ruction4 ,if our ,presbyt]ial ord] 
be scriptural1 all ^! *ur*es at ,amoy1  
gr[+ out ( ea* o!r1 are b\nd to         
associate toge!r1 ecclesia/ically4 ,x is
 _! duty to submit to ea* o!r4 ,!y w\ld 
also be b\nd to submit to ! ,*ur* ( !   
same ord] 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 & e o!r   
c\ntry ?r\gh\t ! _w1 if x 7 possible &  
conv5i5t4 ,b su* relation is n conv5i5t1
 or possible4 ,!re=e1 we mu/ *oose t :i*
 is possible & mo/ conv5i5t4 ,x is      
possible1 & x is conv5i5t1 t !y         
associate toge!r4 ,x is n possible t !y 
all be subject to ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl&1 &1  
at ! same "t1 to ! ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica4 ,x  
is n conv5i5t t !y all be subject to    
ei!r ( ^! ,*ur*es4 ,we d n ?9k x is     

conv5i5t t "o-half ( !m be subject to   
ei!r ( ^! ,*ur*es4 ,besides ! s91 or    
evil1 ( s*ism1 !y nev] c be prop]ly     
repres5t$ 9 ! high] ecclesia/ical bodies
 ( ei!r ( ^! ,*ur*es4 ,!y nev] c h an   
,eld] pres5t 7,i speak n[ ( _!          
connection ) ! ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica1 = ?is is
 ! subject be=e u74 ,!y nev] c h a full 
repres5tation ( m9i/]s4 ,only v seldom c
 !y h ev5 "o m9i/] pres5t4 ,he usually w
 only be "o :o is ill1 & consequ5tly n a
 prop] repres5tative4 ,! native elem5t1 
i4e41 ! *ief elem5t ( ! ,*ur* c nev] be 
repres5t$ at all4 ,! repres5tation1 at !
 be/1 w only be a repres5tation ( y\r   
,mission>ies1 n at all ( ! ,*9ese ,*ur*4
 ,!re=e1 we ass]t t su* a union w\ld n  
be real1 n ev5 app>5t1 only nom9al4 ,9  
/riv+ aft] x1 we are pursu+ a *im]a1    
de/roy+ a sub/ance = ! sake ( a %ad[4   
,b x is (f]$ z an objection to our      
views1 t ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 7,o4,s47  
has ,presbyt]ies & ,synods 9 ,india &   
,*9a4 ,yes1 !y h ?ree ,presbyt]ies & a  
,synod 9 ,india1 & h _h = tw5ty ye>s4 ,b

 ev5 yet !re is n s mu* ( a native      
elem5t 9 _! :ole ,synod z !re is already
 9 ! little ,*ur* 9 ! region ( ,amoy4 ,z
 an ecclesia/ical body1 x is n ,indian 9
 its *>act]i/ics--x is ,am]ican4 ,s )   
all _! ,presbyt]ies 9 ,siam & ,*9a1 ) ! 
exception1 p]haps1 ( ! ,presbyt]y at    
,n+po4 ,!y are ,am]ican ,presbyt]ies1 n 
native 9 _! "*4#b  ,footnote #b3 ,!     
foll[+ /ati/ics are f ! ,m9utes ( ,g5]al
 ,assembly1 #ahfc4  ,synod ( ,nor!rn    
,india--,0 organiz$ 9 #ahda4 ,is compos$
 ( ?ree ,presbyt]ies4 ,n[ has #ai m9i/]s
 7only "o ( ^! is a native pa/or72 #i   
*ur*es2 #bdf communicants4 7,h[ _m ( ^! 
are natives n report$47  ,presbyt]y (   
,canton--,has #d m9i/]s2 no native      
pa/or2 #a *ur*2 #ab communicants4 7,h[  
_m ( ^! are natives n report$47         
,presbyt]y ( ,n+po--,has #h m9i/]s2 no  
native pa/or2 #b *ur*es2 #aaa native    
memb]s4  ,presbyt]y ( ,siam--,has #f    
m9i/]s2 no native pa/or2 #a *ur*2 #h    
communicants4 7,h[ _m ( ^! are native   
memb]s n report$47  ,presbyt]y ( ,we/   

,africa--,has #i m9i/]s2 no native      
pa/or2 #f *ur*es2 #aia communicants     
7probably all natives47  ,are ^!        
ecclesia/ical bodies respectively       
,indian1 ,*9ese1 & ,african 9 _! "*8 or 
are !y all ess5tially ,am]ican8 ,yet ^! 
are ! bodies to :i* ! ,committee (      
,g5]al ,synod ( #aheg ref]r$ :5 !y said1
 ,z to ! difficulties sugge/$ by !      
,mission>ies at ,amoy respect+ ! delays 
( c>ry+ out a sy/em ( appellate         
jurisdiction cov]+ ,am]ica & ,*9a1 x is 
en\gh to say1 t ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*    
7,o4,s47 f9ds no insup]able difficulties
 9 c>ry+ into op]ation h] sy/em1 :i*    
compreh5ds ,presbyt]ies & ,synods 9     
,india z well z "h4 ,:y %\ld !re be _m  
insup]able difficulties s long z ^!     
bodies rema9 ,am]ican ,mission>y bodies1
 in/ead ( be+ native ecclesia/ical      
bodies8 ,practically !y d n ne$         
repres5tation 9 ! ,*ur* at home m ?an   
our ,missions ne$ repres5tatives 9 !    
,bo>d ( ,missions4 ,9 ! aggregate ( all 
! above-m5tion$ ecclesia/ical mission>y 

bodies1 !re is b "o native pa/or1 & ?is1
 z might be expect$1 s f> z we are aw>e1
 furni%$ ! only case 9 :i* difficulty   
has occurr$4 ,d\btless 9 ! in/ance      
ref]r$ to1 ! native pa/or 0 9 error1 &1 
z he f\nd "s insup]able difficulty 9    
gett+ 8 case be=e ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 a 
simil> ef=t is n likely soon to be made4
  ,s is ! ,classis ( ,arcot appeal$ to4 
,su* appeals put u 9 a some:at pa9ful   
position4 ,z ) ! ,presbyt]ian bodies j  
m5tion$1 s ) ! ,classis ( ,arcot4 ,we h 
no rivalry ) ! bre?r5 !re1 & d n wi% to 
say a ^w t looks l /ricture on _!       
policy4 ,we d n utt] a ^w ( ?is k9d1    
except 9 self-def5se4 ,we rejoice 9 all 
_! successes4 ,b ! "t w come1 if !      
bless+ ( ,god cont9ues to foll[ _!      
labors1 :5 !y w be compell$ to adopt our
 pr9ciples4 ,! ,mission>ies at ,arcot   
are n prop]ly pa/ors ( ! native *ur*es4 
,!y ex]cise ! pa/oral (fice only        
tempor>ily1 until native pa/ors are     
rais$ up4 ,_! relation to ! ,synods 9   
?is c\ntry is n l t ( ! o!r ,classes (  

our ,*ur*4 ,!y nev] h _h & nev] w h a   
prop] repres5tation 9 ^! high] c\rts4   
,!y h nev] _h a native eld] pres5t4 ,!y 
nev] h ev5 a p>tial repres5tation (     
m9i/]s1 except "u ! afflictive          
disp5sations ( ,provid5ce4 ,= sev]al    
ye>s pa/ !y w\ld h be5 )\t any          
repres5tation at all1 b = ! fact ( "o ( 
_! numb] be+ 9 ?is c\ntry ^: ill heal?  
=bids 8 return to t field ( labor4 ,x is
 by be+ unfitt$ to be a memb] ( !       
,classis t he becomes able to be a      
repres5tative ( ! ,classis 9 ! ,synod6  
,at ! pres5t "t1 because ( ! /ill       
,am]ican "* ( _! body1 !y may feel no   
s]i\s inconv5i5ce4 ,if our position _h  
be5 l !irs1 occupy+ ! gr\nd at ,amoy    
alone1 possibly we %\ld h done z !y h4  
,we %\ld h und]/ood well en\gh t !      
connection ( ! native ,*ur* ) ! ,*ur* at
 home c\ld only be nom9al4 ,b if our    
,*ur* desir$ ?is1 s long z x did n      
injure ! native ,*ur*1 we probably %\ld 
h made no objections4  ,b we are told t 
x is n desir$ t ?is connection ) ! ,*ur*

 9 ,am]ica %\ld be p]petual4 ,x w la/   
only until ! ,*ur* at ,amoy has         
suffici5t developm5t to /& alone4 ,!n1 (
 c\rse1 our ,*ur* w cons5t to !         
sep>ation4 7,a v diff]5t doctr9e1 by !  
way1 f ! ass]tion ( ! committee ( ,synod
 t ! ,*ur* c n volunt>ily rel9qui% its  
p[]s47 ,aft] t1 ! *ur*es at ,amoy :i* h 
be5 "u our c>e1 & ^? :i* h be5 "u ! c>e 
( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ians1 may aga9     
unite 9 "o ,d5om9ation1 if !y see fit4  
,?is s\nds pretty well4 ,b look at x4   
,fir/ sep>ate ! *ur*es long en\gh to    
eng5d] rivalries & all[ prejudices to   
gr[ up1 & !n attempt to unite !m1 & :at 
w be ! result8 ,unless !y h a m lib]al  
_s ?an is usual 9 ! *ur*es 9 ?is l&1    
in/ead ( mak+ "o d5om9ation out ( two1  
we %all h ?ree4 ,b :o %all be ! judge :5
 ! prop] "t has arriv$ to lib]ate !     
,*ur* 9 ,*9a1 if ! op9ions ( ^? on !    
gr\nd1 & ( ! native *ur*es1 are all to  
be ignor$8  #c4 ,x w injure ! effici5cy 
( ! ,*ur* at ,amoy4 ,besides !          
objection--:i* ! hea!n w ?us1 z readily 

z ! irreligi\s 9 ?is c\ntry1 be able to 
urge aga9/ ,*ri/ianity--furni%$ by !    
increase ( ,d5om9ations1 x w deprive !  
*ur*es ( ! b5efit ( ! unit$ wisdom &    
/r5g? ( ! :ole ( !m = self-cultivation &
 = ,*ri/ian ent]prise1 & w introduce a  
_s ( jeal\s rivalry among !m4 ,we "k x  
is said t !re ne$ be no su* result1 & t 
! native *ur*es may rema9 j z unit$ 9 _s
 aft] ! organization ( two ,d5om9ations 
z be=e4 ,su* a s5tim5t takes = grant$1  
ei!r t ecclesia/ical organization has 9 
fact no effici5cy 7su* is n ! doctr9e ( 
our ,*ur*71 or t ! ,*9ese *ur*es h      
arriv$ at a f> high] /ate (             
sanctification ?an ! *ur*es h atta9$ to 
9 ?is l&4 ,d n diff]5t ,d5om9ations     
exhibit jeal\s rivalry 9 ?is l&8 ,:y1   
y\r ,mission>ies are already frequ5tly  
*>g$ ) be+ too lib]al t[>ds _! ,engli%  
,presbyt]ian bre?r5 9 giv+ to !m memb]s 
& *ur*es :i*1 x is said1 prop]ly belong 
to u4 ,is ,*9ese human nature diff]5t f 
,am]ican8  ,9 consequ5ce ( su* division1
 ! native ,*ur*es w n be s able to      

support ! ,gospel among !mselves4 ,look 
at ! condition ( our we/]n t[ns 9 ?is   
respect4 ,:y /rive to entail l evils on 
our ,mission>y *ur*es8 ,_! /r5g? w be   
weak5$ = evangeli/ic ef=t4 ,_!          
,mission>y ef=ts is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ &  
praisewor?y *>act]i/ics ( ! ,amoy       
*ur*es4 ,h[ w !y be %orn ( _! /r5g? by  
division & necess>y rivalry6 ,besides   
?is1 if ! connection ) ! ,*ur* at home  
be any?+ m ?an nom9al1 our *ur*es %\ld1 
9 "p at lea/1 "w ?r\gh ! ,*ur* at home4 
,no8 ,!n :y =m ! connection8  #d4       
,in/ead ( ! ,dut* ,*ur* be+ !           
,presbyt]ian ,*ur* at ,amoy1 x w only be
 a small ,*ur*1 be>+ ab\t ! same        
proportion to ! o!r ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es    
!re1 t x does to ! o!r ,*ur*es 9 ?is l&4
 ,:y is n ! ,dut* ,*ur* ! pr9cipal      
,presbyt]ian body 9 ?is l&8 ,unless we  
are mi/ak5 9 reg>d to its excell5cy (   
ord]1 x has all ! adapt$ness1 & x 0 "h  
fir/4 ,d y wi% a simil> result 9 ,*9a8  
99       99       99       99       99  
,t x may be se5 :e!r ! ,mission>ies (   

,amoy h ask$ ( our ,*ur* to surr5d] !   
,con/itution1 ! policy1 ! int]e/s ( our 
,*ur*1 nay1 ev5 _! own welf>e1 & t ( !  
,mission !y are s t5d]ly atta*$ to--:e!r
 :at !y ask = is flatly 9 ! face ( our  
,con/itution & ord]--:e!r ! ,synod has  
no "r to =m1 or to au?orize any su*     
self-regulat+1 ecclesia/ical body1 or to
 cons5t t any ,m9i/]s ( our ,*ur* %\ld  
hold seats 9 su* a body--:e!r1 if we d  
x1 we transc5d ! mo/ lib]al con/ruction 
:i* has ev] be5 kn[n to be giv5 to !    
p[]s ( ! ,g5]al ,synod--:e!r1 by grant+ 
! reque/ ( ! ,mission>ies1 we violate   
our own ord]1 our fundam5tal pr9ciples1 
! polity to :i* we are b\nd by our      
pr(ession1 by our subscription1 by e tie
 :i* c b9d religi\s & honorable1 m5--,i 
w app5d ! resolution :i* 0 (f]$ by me 9 
! ,g5]al ,synod z a sub/itute = ^? (f]$ 
by ! ,committee4 ,if x call$ =          
declamation l ! above1 well4 ,^! are !  
words3  ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,synod le>n1 )   
gratitude to ,god1 ( ! great progress ( 
! "w ( ! ,"l at ,amoy1 & 9 ! region     

ar\nd1 s t already we he> ( six organiz$
 *ur*es ) _! ,consi/ories1 & o!rs gr[+  
up1 n yet organiz$2 two native ,pa/ors1 
:o 7 to h be5 orda9$ on ! #bi? ( ,m>*   
la/1 & ! :ole "u ! c>e ( a ,classis     
compos$ ( ! ,mission>ies ( our ,*ur* & !
 ,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 &          
repres5tative ,eld]s ( ! sev]al *ur*es4 
,x calls = our he>ty gratitude to !     
,great ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 t ! ,mission>ies
 ( diff]5t ,*ur*es1 & diff]5t c\ntries1 
h be5 enabl$1 ?r\gh ,div9e grace1 to "w 
toge!r 9 su* h>mony4 ,x is also gratify+
 to u t ^! ,*ur*es & ?is ,classis h be5 
organiz$ accord+ to ! polity ( our      
,*ur*4 ,inasmu* z ! ,synod ( ! ,engli%  
,presbyt]ian ,*ur* has approv$ ( ! c\rse
 ( _! ,mission>ies 9 unit+ ) ours 9 !   
organization ( ! ,*ur* at ,amoy1 aft]   
our ord]1 !re=e1 ?is ,synod w\ld direct 
its ,bo>d ( ,=eign ,missions to all[ _! 
,mission>ies to cont9ue _! pres5t       
relations ) ! ,mission>ies ( ! ,engli%  
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & ! *ur*es "u _!    
sev]al c>e1 s long z ! pres5t h>mony    

%all cont9ue1 & no dep>ture %all be made
 f ! doctr9es & ess5tial polity ( our   
,*ur*1 or until ?is ,synod %all o!rwise 
direct4  ,"s1 aft] read+ ! =ego+        
discussion1 w be ready to say to u3 ,y\r
 views are 9 ! ma9 correct4 ,x w\ld h   
be5 bett] if ,synod _h decid$ o!rwise1 b
 ! decision has be5 made1 & we mu/ put  
up ) x4 ,we answ]1 ,n s4 ,we mu/ obey   
,synod1 b may n ! ,*ur* *ange or improve
 h] decisions8 ,"h is "o ( ! good ?+s we
 hope to see come out ( ?is mi/ake ( !  
,*ur*4 ,jesus rules1 & he is ord]+ all  
?+s = ! welf>e ( 8 ,*ur* & ! advancem5t 
( 8 cause4 ,sometimes1 ! bett] to       
accompli% ?is end1 he p]mits ! ,*ur* to 
make mi/akes4 ,:5 we fail$ 9 =m] days to
 get our views made public1 x gave u no 
anxiety1 = we believ$ ! doctr9e t ,jesus
 reigns4 ,s we n[ feel1 no?)/&+ ?is     
mi/ake4 ,! ,ma/] w ov]rule x = good4 ,we
 d n c]ta9ly "k h[1 b we c imag9e "o    
way4 ,by means ( ?is mi/ake ! matt] may 
be br\ght be=e our ,*ur*1 & be=e o!r    
,*ur*es1 m cle>ly ?an x w\ld o!rwise h  

be5 = _m ye>s to come1 & 9 consequ5ce ( 
?is we expect1 9 due "t1 t our ,*ur*1   
in/ead ( com+ up m]ely to ! /&>d (      
lib]ality = :i* we h be5 cont5d+1 w rise
 f> above any?+ we h ask$ = or ev5      
imag9$1 & o!r ,*ur*es w also raise _!   
/&>d high]4 ,h]eaft] we expect to cont5d
 = /ill high] pr9ciples4 ,?is is !      
doctr9e3 ,let all ! bran*es ( ! great   
,presbyt]ian family 9 ! same region 9   
any hea!n c\ntry1 :i* are s\nd 9 ! fai?1
 organize !mselves1 if conv5i5t1 into "o
 organic :ole1 all[+ lib]ty to ! diff]5t
 p>ts 9 ?+s non-ess5tial4 ,let ^? :o    
adopt ,dut* cu/oms1 z at ,amoy1 cont9ue1
 if !y see fit1 _! peculi>ities1 & ^? :o
 adopt o!r ,presbyt]ian cu/oms1 z at    
,n+po & o!r places1 cont9ue _!          
peculi>ities1 & yet all unite z "o      
,*ur*4 ,?is subject does n simply relate
 to ! int]e/s ( ! ,*ur* at ,amoy4 ,x    
relates to ! int]e/s ( all ! ,mission>y 
"w ( all ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,presbyt]ian ord]
 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,oh t our ,*ur*     
might take ! lead 9 ?is ca?olicity (    

_s--in/ead ( fall+ back 9 ! opposite    
direction--t no "o may take h] cr[n6 ,b 
if %e d n1 !n we tru/ t "s o!r ( !      
sacram5tal ho/s w take ! lead & receive 
too ! honor1 = x is = ! glory ( ! great 
,capta9 ( our salvation1 & = ! int]e/s (
 ,8 k+dom4 ,we ne$ ! unit$ /r5g? ( all  
^! bran*es ( ,zion = ! great "w1 :i* !  
,ma/] has set be=e u1 9 call+ on u to   
evangelize ! _w4 ,9 expect+ to obta9 ?is
 union1 w x be said1 t we are look+ = a 
*im]a8 ,x ought to be s1 ought x n8 ,!n 
x is no *im]a4 ,x may take "t = ! *ur*es
 to come up to ?is /&>d1 b )9 a few ye>s
 pa/ we h se5 t5d5cies to union among   
diff]5t bran*es ( ! ,presbyt]ian family 
9 ,au/ralia1 9 ,canada1 9 our own       
c\ntry1 & 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,9 _m     
places ^! t5d5cies are /rong] n[ ?an !y 
h ev] be=e be5 s9ce ! days ( !          
,re=mation4 ,true1 human nature is /ill 
compass$ ) infirmities ev5 9 ! ,*ur* (  
,*ri/4 ,b ! day ( ! _w's reg5]ation is  
approa*+1 & z x approa*es ne>] to u1    
d\btless ! diff]5t bran*es ( !          

,presbyt]ian family w approa* /ill ne>] 
to ea* o!r4 ,god ha/5 ! "t1 & keep u    
also f do+ any?+ to ret>d1 b ev]y?+ to  
help x =w>d1 & to 8 "n be ! praise =ev]4
 ,am54     ,app5dix ,a4   ,fur!r to     
illu/rate ! unity ( ! ,*ur*es "u ! c>e (
 ! two ,missions1 ,i w transcribe f !   
,reports ( ! ,amoy ,mission1 = ! ye>s   
#ahfa & #ahfb4   ,f ! ,report = #ahfa4  
,dat$ ,feb4 #bd4 #ahfb4  ,our "w is s   
int]wov5 ) t ( ! ,mission>ies ( !       
,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 t we _c give
 a full report ( ! /ate ( our ,*ur*es & 
out-/ations )\t includ+ 9 x a p>tial    
report ( "s ( _! /ations4 ,we h1 !re=e1 
?\ght x be/1 bo? on ?is acc\nt1 &       
because ! ,*ur*es ga!r$ by u & by !m are
 really "o1 to give /ati/ics ( bo?      
,missions ) brief rem>ks4 ,^!1 besides  
simplify+ ! matt]1 w enable ! ,*ur* at  
home to become bett] acqua9t$ ) ! real  
progress ( ! cause ( ,*ri/ 9 ?is region4
  ,mission>ies & ,assi/ant ,mission>ies 
( ! ,re=m$ ,dut* ,*ur* at ,amoy1 at !   
close if ! ye> #ahfa4 ,"h foll[ _!      

names1 & rem>ks conc]n+ !m4             
,mission>ies & ,assi/ant ,mission>ies ( 
! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* at ! close 
( ! ye> #ahfa4 ,"h foll[ _! names1 &    
rem>ks conc]n+ !m4  ,tabul> ,view ( !   
,*ur*es & ,mission ,/ations "u ! c>e ( !
 ,re=m$ ,dut* ,*ur*1 & ,engli%          
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 9 ,amoy & vic9ity4  
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
,native                    ,no4 (       
,rec'd ,*ur*es &         help]s         
,*ur*       dur+ ,mission               
su/a9$                 ,memb]s1     !   
,/ations4            by                 
,mission4,eld]s4,deacons4,jan4 #a1      
#ahfa4ye>4                              
----------------------------------------
------------------------------- ,fir/   
,*ur* at ,amoy      #c        #d      #d
        #ajb       #bd ,second          
#b        #d      #d         #gh        
#ac ,*ur* at ,*ioh-be        #b         
#d      #d         #dg        #e        
,peh-*ui-ia      #c        #b     44    

#be        #c         ,ma-p5g           
#b        #b      #c         #cc        
#f ,/ation at ,an-hai         #c        
44     44          #g       #bc         
,khang-khau     #a     ,! ,*ur* memb]s  
at ?is ,/ation                          
are reckon$ to ! ,*ur* at ,ma-p5g4      
,kang-?au      #a     ,! ,*ur* memb]s at
 ?is ,/ation                            
are reckon$ to ! ,fir/ ,*ur* at         
,amoy4           ,e-mng-kang     #a     
,! ,*ur* memb]s at ?is ,/ation          
are reckon$ to ! ,fir/ ,*ur* at         
,amoy4          ,*iang-*iu     #b       
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
,no4 (         ,*ur*es &                
,*ur*        ,"u ,mission               
,memb]s1      susp5sion ,/ations4       
,dead4,excommunicat$4,dec4 #ca1         
#ahfa4;,dec41 #ahfa4                    
----------------------------------------
------------------------------- ,fir/   

,*ur* at ,amoy   #b        #b           
#abb          #d ,second                
#a        #a               #hi          
#a ,*ur* at ,*ioh-be     #a       44    
#ea          #c         ,peh-*ui-ia   #a
       44               #bg          #a 
,ma-p5g       #a        #a              
#cg          #c ,/ation at ,an-hai      
#a       44               #bi           
444           ,khang-khau,! ,*ur* memb]s
 at ?is ,/ation are reckon$             
to ! ,*ur* at ,ma-p5g4                  
,kang-?au ,! ,*ur* memb]s at ?is ,/ation
 are reckon$                      to !  
,fir/ ,*ur* at ,amoy4                   
,e-mng-kang,! ,*ur* memb]s at ?is       
,/ation are reckon$                     
to ! ,fir/ ,*ur* at ,amoy4              
,*iang-*iu                              
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
,infants  ,colporteurs ,*ur*es &        
baptiz$ su/a9$   ,mission               

dur+   by ,native  ,b5evol5t ,/ations4  
! ye>4,*ur*4    ,contributions          
----------------------------------------
------------------------------- ,fir/   
,*ur* at ,amoy    #ac        #a         
,second                #aa        #a    
#dga4cc ,*ur* at ,*ioh-be       #e      
#a         #bjj4bi         ,peh-*ui-ia  
#c       444        444444              
,ma-p5g         #c       444            
444444 ,/ation at ,an-hai        #d     
444        444444                       
,khang-khau,! ,*ur* memb]s at ?is       
,/ation are reckon$                     
to ! ,*ur* at ,ma-p5g4                  
,kang-?au ,! ,*ur* memb]s at ?is ,/ation
 are reckon$                      to !  
,fir/ ,*ur* at ,amoy4                   
,e-mng-kang,! ,*ur* memb]s at ?is       
,/ation are reckon$                     
to ! ,fir/ ,*ur* at ,amoy4              
,*iang-*iu                              
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------  ,!n    
come rem>ks ab\t native help]s1 n       

includ$ 9 ! above2 ,s*ools su/a9$ by ea*
 ( ! ,missions1 & by ! native ,*ur*es2  
,!ological ,class2 ,/ud5ts su/a9$ by ea*
 ,mission4  ,rem>ks on ! above ,tabul>  
,view4  ,! two ,*ur*es at ,amoy1 & ! "o 
at ,*ioh-be are "u ! c>e ( !            
,mission>ies ( ! ,re=m$ ,dut* ,*ur*4 99 
99  99  99  99  99  ,! ,*ur*es at       
,peh-*ui-ia & ,ma-p5g1 are "u ! c>e ( ! 
,mission>ies ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian   
,*ur*4 99  99  99  99  99  99  ,!       
,congregation at ,an-hai is "u ! c>e ( !
 ,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,mission>ies4 ,x  
has n yet be5 organiz$ into a ,*ur*4 ,x 
is s f> remov$ f ,amoy t x _c conv5i5tly
 be plac$ "u ! sup]vision ( ei!r ( !    
,consi/ories4 99 99 99 99 99 99         
,khang-khau is a /ation "u ! c>e ( !    
,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,mission4 99 99 99 
99 99 99  ,kang-?au is "u ! c>e ( !     
,re=m$ ,dut* ,mission4  ,e-mng-kang is a
 suburb ( ,amoy4 ,! ,congregation       
wor%ip+ !re belongs1 mo/ly1 to ! ,fir/  
,*ur* at ,amoy4 ,! ,/ation is "u ! c>e (
 ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ian ,mission4 99 99 

99 99 99 99  ,*iang-*iu is a l>ge city1 
"s twelve miles or m beyond ,*ioh-be1 & 
ab\t ?irty-five miles f ,amoy4 ,9 times 
pa/1 sev]al ef=ts h be5 made to e/abli% 
a ,/ation at ,*iang-*iu1 b always )\t   
success1 until dur+ ! pa/ ye>4 ,at !    
close ( ! ye> !re _h n yet be5 any      
baptisms at t ,/ation4 ,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( 
?is ye>1 !re h be5 sev]al4 ,! ,*ur*     
memb]s are reckon$ to ! ,*ur* at        
,*ioh-be1 & are "u ! ov]sight ( !       
,*ioh-be ,consi/ory4 ,bo? ,missions "w z
 "o at ,*iang-*iu4 ,ea* ,mission is to  
furni% half ! exp5se4 ,to simplify ! "w1
 x 0 ?\ght be/ t "o ,mission be         
responsible = ! control ( ! ,/ation1 &  
direct ! "w4 ,at pres5t ?is is !        
,mission ( ! ,re=m$ ,dut* ,*ur*4 ,if !  
"w be prosp]$1 x is propos$ to =m two   
,/ations1 "o "u ! c>e ( ea* ,mission4   
,! rema9+ "p ( ! ,report1 hav+ no be>+  
on ! subject be=e u1 ne$ n be quot$4    
,f ! ,report = #ahfb4  ,x w be suffici5t
 m]ely to transcribe ! ,tabul> ,view1 & 
add "o or two explanatory rem>ks4       

,*ur*es & ,mission ,/ations "u ! c>e ( !
 ,re=m$ ,dut* & ,engli% ,presbyt]ian    
,missions at ,amoy1 ,decemb] #ca1 #ahfb4
                                        
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
,no4 (   ,di$                           
,memb]s1 dur+,excommunicat$             
,dec4 #ca1 !   dur+                     
,eld]s4,deacons4#ahfa4    ye>4 ! ye>4   
----------------------------------------
------------------------------- ,fir/   
,*ur* at ,amoy    #d      #d       #abb 
#f        #b ,second                #d  
#d        #hi    444      444 ,*ur* at  
,*ioh-be      #d      #d        #ea     
#a       444         ,peh-*ui-ia   #b   
#b        #bg    444      444           
,ma-p5g       #a      #c        #cg     
#b       444 ,/ation at ,an-hai      44 
44        #bi     #b       444          
,khang-?au,! memb]s at ?is ,/ation are  
reckon$ to !                      ,fir/ 
,*ur*1 ,amoy4          ,kang-khau ,!    
memb]s at ?is ,/ation are reckon$ to !  

,*ur* at ,ma-p5g4          ,e-mng-kang,!
 memb]s at ?is ,/ation are reckon$ to ! 
,fir/ ,*ur*1 ,amoy4         ,*iang-*iu,!
 memb]s at ?is ,/ation are reckon$ to ! 
,*ur* at ,*ioh-be4         ,g-*hng      
,te-soa              ,khi-be            
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------         
,no4 (    ,"u       ,infant     ,help]s 
,memb]s1  susp5sion  baptisms   support$
 by                      ,dec4 #ca1     
,dec4 #ca1    dur+     ,native          
#ahfb4     #ahfb4       ! ye>4  ,*ur*4  
----------------------------------------
------------------------------- ,fir/   
,*ur* at ,amoy    #aci         #d       
#ag          #a ,second                 
#ajj         #c           #b          #a
 ,*ur* at ,*ioh-be       #gj         #b 
#i          #a         ,peh-*ui-ia      
#cj        444         444        444   
,ma-p5g        #ch        444           
444        444 ,/ation at ,an-hai       

#cj        444         444        444   
,khang-?au,! memb]s at ?is ,/ation are  
reckon$ to !                      ,fir/ 
,*ur*1 ,amoy4          ,kang-khau ,!    
memb]s at ?is ,/ation are reckon$ to !  
,*ur* at ,ma-p5g4          ,e-mng-kang,!
 memb]s at ?is ,/ation are reckon$ to ! 
,fir/ ,*ur*1 ,amoy4         ,*iang-*iu,!
 memb]s at ?is ,/ation are reckon$ to ! 
,*ur* at ,*ioh-be4         ,g-*hng      
,te-soa              ,khi-be            
----------------------------------------
-------------------------------   ,( !  
?ree new ,/ations1 ,g-*hng & ,te-soa1   
are "u ! c>e ( ! ,re=m$ ,dut* ,mission1 
,khi-be "u ! c>e ( ! ,engli%            
,presbyt]ian ,mission4 ,! o!r ,*ur*es & 
,/ations z 9 previ\s ,report4  ,! ,bo>d 
( ,=eign ,missions1 be+ simply ! organ (
 ,synod1 felt b\nd 9 _! ,report to      
elim9ate1 z f> z possible1 all !        
,presbyt]ian elem5ts f ! above ,reports 
( ! ,mission4 ,by s do+1 we ?9k t !y1   
undesign$ly ( c\rse1 keep our ,*ur* 9   
ignorance1 n only ( ! absolute unity ( !

 ,*ur*es 9 ! region ( ,amoy1 b also ( ! 
real progress ( ! cause ( ,*ri/ & ( !   
,*ur* ( our ord] !re4 ,among ! memb]s   
set d[n to our *ur*es are ^? :o belong  
to /ations "u ! c>e ( ! ,engli%         
,presbyt]ian ,mission1 z is %[n by !    
,tabul> ,views4 ,! ,*ur* at home1 n aw>e
 ( ?is fact1 gives to _! ,mission cr$it 
:i* does n belong to !m2 & !n1 :51 9 !  
progress ( ! "w1 new *ur*es are organiz$
 at ^! /ations1 & ^! memb]s are set (f  
to !m1 because !y belong !re1 ! ,dut*   
,mission is *>g$ ) defici5cy (          
d5om9ational feel+1 9 giv+ to ! ,engli% 
,presbyt]ians t :i*1 by all rules (     
,*ri/ian c\rtesy & h>moni\s ,mission>y  
action1 belongs to ! ,dut* ,*ur*4 ,is x 
well t we %\ld be disput+ among         
ourselves conc]n+ :o %all h t cr$it :i* 
all belongs to ,*ri/8 ,i "k x has be5   
ask$1 ) disapprobation1 by v high       
au?ority 7n1 inde$1 by ! ,bo>d7 conc]n+ 
! unity ( ! ,*ur*es at ,amoy--h[ x came 
to exi/ at all4 ,9 answ] to su*         
que/ions1 let u consid] "o case1 t ( !  

,/ation1 n[ ,*ur*1 at ,e-mng-kang4 ,x is
 ne> en\gh to ! ,fir/ ,*ur*1 at ,amoy1  
to be "u its sup]vision4 ,d\btless1 we  
might h said to our ,presbyt]ian bre?r51
 ,9 ga!r+ a *ur*1 we are will+ to labor 
) y 9 prea*+ ! ,gospel1 = no "o w c5sure
 u = t1 & we admit t1 by all pr9ciples (
 our ,*ur* ord]1 x w\ld be altoge!r     
prop] t ! conv]ts ga!r$ 9 at ,e-mng-kang
 %\ld be receiv$ & wat*$ ov] by ! ,fir/ 
,*ur*1 at ,amoy2 b1 by all[+ ?is1 !re w 
be dang] ( unity betwe5 ! ,*ri/ians at  
,e-mng-kang & ,amoy 7t !y all may be    
"o71 :i* w be a violation ( ! important 
& radical di/9ction exi/+ betwe5 !m1    
because "s are support$ by our funds1 "s
 by ! funds ( ! ,engli% ,presbyt]ians2 &
 !n1 :5 x becomes necess>y to divide ^! 
,*ur*es1 = :]e !re is su* a radical     
di/9ction1 a division w necess>ily come 
at "s p]iod1 & ! long] x is delay$1 ! m 
try+ & sorr[ful x w be1 x w be f\nd t ! 
,*ur* at ,amoy c nev] rel9qui% its p[]s 
& abnegate its au?ority ov] ! ,*ur* at  
,e-mng-kang--!re=e1 r ?an incur su*     

risks ( unity1 we _h bett] violate our  
pr9ciples ( ,*ur* ord] at ! comm5cem5t1 
& n all[ ! native ,eld]s any            
responsibility 9 receiv+ & wat*+ ov] !  
,*ur* memb]s4 ,we might h act$ on su*   
pr9ciples1 b %all we be c5sur$ = n do+  
x8  ,let x be di/9ctly und]/ood1 t ,i d 
n publi% ! above ,reports ) su* rem>ks )
 any design ( ?r[+ blame on ! ,bo>d (   
,=eign ,missions4 ,! memb]s ( x1 & !    
,mission>ies1 h _h no feel+s t[>ds ea*  
o!r b su* z are altoge!r pleasant4      
,p]haps ! ,bo>d1 9 view ( all !         
circum/ances1 has simply p]=m$ its duty4
 ,i add ?is ,app5dix only to illu/rate !
 unity ( ! *ur*es at ,amoy1 & %[ t !    
,mission>ies h act$ accord+ to !        
doctr9es ( ,god's ,^w & ! fundam5tal    
pr9ciples ( our ,*ur* ord]4     ,app5dix
 ,b4   ,9 ! ,*ri/ian ,intellig5c] (     
,june #ah1 #ahfc1 9 ! ,report ( !       
,proce$+s ( ,g5]al ,synod ( ,?ursday1   
,june #aa1 ! la/ day ( ! session1 appe>$
 ! foll[+ p>agraphs3       ,,amoy       
,,mission4       ,rev4 ,dr4 ,port] arose

 & said t he 0 ab\t to utt] :at to      
himself 0 ! gladde/ & happie/ ^w he _h  
be5 p]mitt$ to      speak dur+ !        
,synodical sessions1 delightful z !y all
 _h      be54 ,he 0 in=m$ by 8 belov$   
bro!r ,talmage1 t by      p]mission (   
,synod1 he w\ld l to express briefly 8  
cont5t1      9 ! ma91 ) ! action :i* !  
,synod _h tak5 respect+      ! ,amoy    
,mission4 ,x is ( ! ,"l4 ,he has melt$  
all he>ts      toge!r z "o1 = 8 own "w &
 honor4 ,we see eye to eye1 &      ,zion
 may lift up h] voice 9 ?anksgiv+4      
,rev4 ,j4,v4,n4 ,talmage said he wi%$ to
 express 8 gratitude to !      fa!rs &  
bre?r5 = all _! k9dness to himself & !  
,mission>ies at ,amoy4 ,if ! ,synod has 
n arriv$ at ! v be/      decision1 he   
hop$ x is ! be/ "u ! circum/ances4 ,he  
felt      no desire to disobey ! ,synod1
 nor w ! ,mission>ies at ,amoy4      ,if
 we _c organize a ,classis at once1 we w
 d ! be/ we      c4 ,he _h be5 defeat$1 
& he _h no qualms ( consci5ce 9         
submitt+ to ! decision t _h be5 rea*$4  

,i 0 will+ to all[ ! previ\s1 &1 z ,i   
consid]$1 v p>tial1 report ( ! proce$+s 
( ,synod to pass unnotic$1 b felt t ,i  
_h no "r to all[ errors1 su* z are      
conta9$ 9 ! above two p>agraphs1 to     
rema9 uncorrect$4 ,!re=e ,i address$ to 
! editor ! foll[+ note3       ,to !     
,*ri/ian ,intellig5c]4       ,mr4       
,editor3       ,9 look+ ov] ! report (  
,g5]al ,synod1 z giv5 9 ! la/      numb]
 ( ! ,intellig5c]1 ,i f9d a v grave     
mi/ake 9      ref]5ce to ! position tak5
 by me ne> ! close ( !      session4 ,a 
simil> mi/ake appe>s 9 ! report made to 
! ,new      ,york ,obs]v]4#c            
,footnote #c3 ,i address$ to ! editors (
 ! ,obs]v] a c>d1      correct+ ! mi/ake
 :i* _h appe>$ 9 _! pap]1 & !y          
publi%$ x4       ,:51 9 ! ord] ( bus9ess
 on ,?ursday morn+1 !re seem$ a         
suitable opportunity = me to address !  
,synod1 ,i 0 sitt+      ne> ,dr4 ,port]1
 & rem>k$ to him t ,i wi%$ to make su*  
address4 ,he said t he desir$ to speak  
fir/4 ,he arose &      address$ !       

,synod1 9 sub/ance1 z is report$4 ,i 0  
altoge!r      surpris$1 = ,i _h giv5 him
 no au?ority to speak = me2      nei!r  
_h ,i express$ to him or any o!r man !  
s5tim5ts he      attribut$ to me4 ,i    
felt t 8 spee* 0 altoge!r               
un=tunate1 = x seem$ almo/ to dem& ( me 
a re/atem5t (      my views4 ,b ,i felt1
 also1 t x w\ld be improp]1 !n1 to      
occupy ! "t ( ,synod ) any fur!r        
discussion1 & cont5t$      myself )     
m]ely tak+ exception to ,dr4 ,port]'s   
/atem5t1      say+ t ,i c\ld n use !    
language he _h j us$4       ,i also /at$
 t al?\gh ! ,synod _h n arriv$ at ! be/ 
decision1 yet p]haps x 0 ! be/ "u all ! 
circum/ances4 ,z ^! circum/ances seem to
 be entirely      misund]/ood by "s1 ,i 
may n[ expla9 !m4 ,i _h rem>k$ 9      ! 
previ\s debate1 & /ill firmly believe1 t
 ! decision (      ,synod1 if x be fully
 c>ri$ out1 w\ld only be disa/r\s 9 its 
results1 z f> z ! *ur*es at ,amoy 7     
conc]n$4 ,b !re      0 ano!r disa/] to  
be appreh5d$4 ,if ! ,synod _h all[$     

! "w ( ,god to proce$ at      ,amoy1 z x
 _h always be5 c>ri$ =w>d1 & ) su*      
m>vel\s bless+s f on high1 = s _m ye>s  
pa/1 x 0      fe>$ t "s ( ! memb]s (    
,synod w\ld use _! influ5ce      9 !    
,*ur* aga9/ t ,mission1 to su* an ext5t 
z possibly      to cut (f ! res\rces ( !
 mission4 ,su* 7 !      circum/ances to 
:i* ,i allud$1 & ,i 0 well und]/ood1 at 
lea/ by "s ( ! memb]s ( ,synod4 ,x seem$
 necess>y to      *oose betwe5 two      
evils4 ,my own op9ion 01 & is1 t !      
,synod _h *os5 ! great] evil1 /ill ,i 0 
will+ to yield      '! b5efit ( ! d\bt1'
 & !re=e rem>k$ t p]haps      7,i us$ ! 
^w 'p]haps'7 ! decision 0 ! be/ "u !    
circum/ances4       ,i did express =    
myself1 & z ,i believ$1 9 accordance )  
! views ( ! ,mission>ies at ,amoy1 t we 
did n wi%1 &      nev] _h wi%$ to       
disobey ! injunctions ( ,synod4 ,besides
 ?is1      we 7 "u obligations to d :at 
0 be/ = ! *ur*es      "u our c>e4 ,if we
 7 n all[$ to d t :i* is      absolutely
 be/1 we %\ld d ! be/ we c\ld4       ,i 

also express$ my gratitude t ! ,synod _h
 manife/$ s      mu* pati5ce & ,*ri/ian 
c\rtesy t[>ds myself & !      ,mission1 
= ) "o or two exceptions1 n an unk9d ^w 
_h      be5 utt]$4       ,! clos+ s5t5ce
 ( my rem>ks be+ some:at playful1 might 
h be5 omitt$ f ! report1 b if ?\ght     
wor?y (      publication1 x %\ld h be5  
giv5 correctly4 ,i "k t ,i c      give x
 n[ ) accuracy1 almo/ v]batim4 ',i h    
f\ght h>d1      & h be5 beat52 ,i c\ld  
wi% ,i _h be5 able to fight bett]1      
b ,i did my be/1 & consequ5tly h no     
qualms ( consci5ce on      ! subject4'  
,does t mean t we _h no qualms (        
consci5ce      ab\t 'submitt+ to !      
decision t _h be5 rea*$8' ,no4 ,x       
means t ,i 0 n responsible = ! evils ( t
 decision4       ,x w1 ,i ?9k1 s]ve !   
cause ( tru?1 ,mr4 ,editor1 if y      w 
be s k9d z to publi% ?is c>d 9 y\r next 
issue4 ,if ,i      0 s un=tunate 9 ! use
 ( language z n to express      s5tim5ts
 simil> to ! above1 ,i desire n[ to     
express !m4       ,all[ me also to ask  

:e!r y w op5 ! columns ( y\r      pap] =
 a full /atem5t ( ! views ( ! ,amoy     
,mission on !      subject ( !          
ecclesia/ical relations ( ! *ur*es "u _!
      c>e8 ,i f9d t !re is /ill altoge!r
 a mi/ak5 impression      among our     
*ur*es on ?is subject4 ,our p :o su/a9 !
      ,mission h a "r to "k ! condition 
( t ,mission4 ,f      ! report 9 ! la/  
,intellig5c]1 !y w get no light on      
t subject1 b w get ! impression t "s    
great mi/ake      has be5 committ$ by ! 
,mission>ies at ,amoy4 ,all[+ ?is to    
be ! case1 ! ,mission>ies h a "r to be  
he>d be=e !      *ur*es4 ,let ! *ur*es  
und]/& ! matt]1 & decide      conc]n+ ! 
mi/ake4 ,! ,mission>ies h be5 desir\s = 
ye>s to get _! views made public1 b h n 
yet succe$$4  ,v truly1 y\rs1 c1        
,j4,v4,n4 ,,talmage4 ,june #ai1 #ahfc4  
,in/ead ( f9d+ my note ins]t$ 9 ! next  
numb] ( ! ,intellig5c] ,i f\nd ! foll[+3
       ,,rev4 ,,mr4 ,,talmage',s        
,,lett]4       ,we h receiv$ f ! ,rev4  
,j4,v4,n4 ,talmage1 a communication     

respect+ our report ( 8 rem>ks at !     
close ( ! session (      ! ,g5]al       
,synod1 accompani$ ) a reque/ t he be   
p]mitt$      to appeal ?r\gh ^! columns 
to ! ,*ur*es 9 support ( 8              
position4 ,! communication is long1 &   
p]haps we c give !      sub/ance ( x    
briefly4       #a/4 ,he wi%es to correct
 ! /atem5t ( ,rev4 ,dr4 ,port]4 ,&      
?is he %all d 9 8 own words1 viz43      
',i felt t 8 spee* 0 altoge!r un=tunate1
 = x seem$      almo/ to dem& ( me !    
re/atem5t ( my views4 ,b ,i felt1       
also1 t x w\ld be improp] !n to occupy !
 "t ( ,synod      ) any fur!r           
discussion1 & cont5t$ myself ) m]ely    
tak+ exception to ,dr4 ,port]'s         
/atem5ts1 say+ t ,i c\ld      n use !   
language he _h j us$4 ,i also /at$ t1   
al?\gh      ! ,synod _h n arriv$ at !   
be/ decision1 yet p]haps x 0      ! be/1
 "u all ! circum/ances4'       ,s f>    
,mr4 ,talmage1 9 disclaim+ agreem5t ) ! 
/atem5t      made by ,dr4 ,port]4       
,we c1 on ?is po9t1 only express regret 

t !re %\ld h      be5 ei!r seem+ or real
 diff]5ce4 ,b z ,bro!r ,talmage         
confesses t our report correctly        
repres5ts him z hav+ said1      t       
',al?\gh ! ,synod _h n arriv$ at ! be/  
decision1 yet      p]haps x 0 ! be/1 "u 
all ! circum/ances1'       ,we !re=e    
suppose t ! report ( v]bal diff]5ces--if
 !      _s ( ! rem>ks be any?+--betwe5  
him & ! g5tleman to      :om he ref]s1  
_c be acc\nt$ z v s]i\s4       #b;d4 ,z 
x respects ! op5+ ( ^! columns to a fre%
      discussion ( ! matt] relat+ to !  
,amoy ,*ur*es be=e      ,synod1 we h    
simply to say t we d>e n give cons5t1 = 
!      foll[+ reasons3 ,! ,synod is !   
legislative body = !      ,*ur*4 ,!     
docum5ts & /atem5ts respect+ ! ,amoy    
,*ur*es      7 full & ?or\gh 9 !        
in=mation imp>t$4 ,f\r sessions      & m
 ( ! ,synod 7 occupi$ ) a c>eful        
prep>atory      he>+ & f9al adjudication
 ( ! matt]1 & x is n !      duty ( !    
,*ri/ian ,intellig5c] to all[ itself to 
be us$ z      ! ag5t ( diss5sion among !

 ,*ur*es1 & ( opposition to      !      
con/itut$ au?ority ( ! ,synod4  ,:e!r my
 views 7 misrepres5t$1 & :e!r ,i 0 *>g$ 
) seek+ a diff]5t object f t = :i* ,i _h
 ask$--,i _h n ask$ t ! columns ( ! pap]
 be op5$ = a fre% discussion ( ! matt]  
:i* _h be5 be=e ,synod1 b = a full      
/atem5t ( ! views ( ! ,amoy ,mission1   
because ( mi/ak5 impressions 9 our      
,*ur*es--! ,*ur* w be able to decide z  
accurately z myself4 ,b ,i wi% to say   
?is mu*4 ,y\r ,mission>ies d n consid] t
 by becom+ ,mission>ies !y lose _!      
rights z m51 & ,m9i/]s ( ! ,dut* ,*ur*4 
,!y h ! "r to expect t1 :5 away f home1 
_! reputation w be protect$4 ,:5 mi/ak5 
/atem5ts conc]n+ _! views get abroad 9 !
 ,*ur*1 !re %\ld be1 & we believe !re   
is1 a responsible p>ty ^: duty x is to  
correct su* /atem5ts4 ,at any rate1 a   
pap] :i* pr(esses to be ! organ ( !     
,dut* ,*ur*1 has no "r to refuse to !   
,mission>ies !mselves ! privilege (     
correct+ mi/ak5 /atem5ts ( _! own views 
& _! own language1 t appe> 9 its        

columns4 ,! ,editor d\btless is         
responsible = :at appe>s 9 8 pap]4 ,he  
may refuse to publi% improp] articles1 b
 he may n g>ble & misrepres5t !m )\t    
incurr+ repro(4 ,! exp5se ( publi%+ 9   
pamphlet =m corrections ( mi/akes :i*   
appe> 9 ! columns ( a newspap]1 is too  
heavy a tax to impose on any ( ! ,m9i/ry
 ( ! ,*ur*1 especially on y\r           
,mission>ies2 &1 ev5 !n1 ! corrections c
 be read by only a small portion ( ^? :o
 read ! mis/atem5ts4