,,_w999999 ,,dante3 ,,! ,,c5tral ,,man ,,( ,,all ,,! ,,_w4 ,a ,c\rse ( ,lectures ,deliv]$ ,be=e ! ,/ud5t ,body ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,college = ,tea*]s1 ,albany1 #aiai1 #aibj by ,,john ,t4 ,,slatt]y1 ,ph4,d4 ,) a ,preface by ,john ,h4 ,f9ley1 ,l4,h4,d4 ,new ,york ,p4 ,j4 ,k5$y ,sons #aibj ,copyright1 #aibj1 by ,p4 ,j4 ,k5$y ,sons1 ,new ,york ,pr9t$ 9 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,d$ication ,,?is ,,mode/ ,,"w ,,owes ,,its ,,publication ,,to ,,! ,,enc\ragem5t ,,( ,,presid5t ,,abram ,r4 ,,bruba*] ,,& ,,dean ,,h>lan ,h4 ,,horn] ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,college ,,= ,,tea*]s1 ,,albany1 ,n4,y4 ,,:]e ,,_m ,,pleasant ,,h\rs ,,7 ,,pass$ ,,9 ,,deliv]+ ,,^! ,,lectures4 ,,to ,,^! ,,fri5ds ,,& ,,to ,,! ,,/ud5t-,,body ,,( ,,! ,,college ,,! ,,au?or ,,has ,,! ,,honor ,,( ,,d$icat+ ,,?is ,,book ,,preface ,i /& z does ! read] at ! entrance to ?is book :i* ,i h n z yet ent]$ myself4 ,i h be=e me ! j\rney ?r\gh ! ,inf]no & ,purgatorio1 into ,p>adise1 ) a new companion4 ,i h made ! j\rney be=e _m times ) o!rs1 or ) ,dante & ,virgil alone1 b ,i "k t ,i %all enjoy especially ! companion%ip & comm5t ( "o ) :om ,i h _h su* satisfaction ( comrade%ip 9 our j\rney z neighbors = a little way across ?is e>?4 ,i invite o!rs1 & ,i hope !y may be _m1 to make ?is brief j\rney ) u1 n because ,i "k specifically :at ,dr4 ,slatt]y w say along ! way1 b because :atev] he says out ( 8 deep & rev]5t acqua9tance ) ! ,div9e ,com$y w help u all :o foll[ him1 :e!r we are ( 8 p>ticul> fai? or n1 to an appreciation ( ! mean+ ( ?is immortal poem1 & make u desire to g aga9 & aga9 9 our read+ ?r\gh ^! spaces ( ! /ruggles ( human s\ls4 ,a _w-lit]>y-movem5t w commemorate 9 #aiba ! six hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ! dea? ( ! immortal ,dante4 ,t a m$ievali/ %\ld call =? ! homage ( ! tw5tie? c5tury to ! ext5t ( be+ honor$ 9 all civiliz$ l&s & by cultur$ peoples :o1 = ! mo/ "p1 d n "k ! language spok5 by him1 or :o d n pr(ess ! religion ( him :o wrote ! mo/ religi\s book ( ,*ri/ianity1 is a m>vel expla9able by ! fact t ! ,div9e ,com$y is a drama ( ! s\l1--! /ory ( a /ruggle :i* e man mu/ make to possess 8 own _s aga9/ =ces t w\ld enslave x4 ,! c5tral int]e/ ( ! poem is 9 ! individual :o may be y or ,i in/ead ( ,dante ! subject ( ! "w1 & t fact exalts ! p]sonal elem5t & gives ! spiritual value :i* we ( mod]n times appreciate z well z did ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! ,div9e ,com$y is attractive = o!r reasons4 ,x may appeal to u z x did to ,t5nyson1 because ( its div9e int5sity1 or x may affect u z x did ,*>les ,eliot ,norton by its p[]ful exposition ( moral p5alties & rew>ds1 %[+ t righte\sness is inexorable2 or x may int]e/ u because ( its solid realism1 its pure /r5g? ( conception1 its surpass+ beauty1 its vivid imag9ative p[]1 its p]fection ( diction )\t sup]flu\sness1 )\t defect4 ,:atev] be ! reason ( our int]e/ 9 ,dante1 ! /udy ( 8 ,div9e ,com$y w ev] be bo? a discipl9e n s mu* to elevate our ?\ghts1 says ,col]idge1 z to s5d !m d[n deep]1 & a delight call+ =? ! deepe/ emotions ( our be+4 ,,john ,h4 ,,f9ley4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,dante & ,8 ,"t #a ,dante1 ,! ,man #di ,dante's ,inf]no #aja ,dante's ,purgatorio #aea ,dante's ,p>adiso #bai ,,dante ,,& ,,8 ,,"t ,,dante ,,& ,,8 ,,"t ,to "k ,dante we mu/ "k ! age :i* produc$ ,*ri/ianity's greate/ poet1 he :om ,rusk9 calls ! c5tral man ( all ! _w1 z repres5t+ 9 p]fect balance ! imag9ative1 moral & intellectual faculties1 all at _! highe/4 ,o!r writ]s are n s dep5d5t ^u _! times = our cle> und]/&+ ( _! books4 ,dante to be intelligible to ! mod]n m9d1 _c be tak5 out ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,its contempor>y hi/ory & its contempor>y _s says ,bro!r ,az>ias 9 8 ,phases ( ,?\ght & ,criticism1 con/itute 8 cle>e/ & be/ comm5t>y4 ,only 9 ! light ( ?is comm5t>y c we hope to "k 8 message & realize its supremacy4 ,& t x is wor? :ile to make ! /udy !re c be no d\bt ^u ! "p ( any seek] ( tru? & admir] ( beauty4 ,em]son said3 ,i ?9k if ,i 7 a pr(essor ( rhetoric ,i %\ld use ,dante = my text-book4 ,dante is ! rhetorician4 ,he is all w+s1 pure imag9ation & he writes l ,euclid4 ,james ,russell ,l[ell told 8 /ud5ts 9 answ] to ! "q z to ! be/ c\rse ( read+ to be foll[$3 ,if ,i may be all[$ a p]sonal illu/ration1 x 0 my own pr(\nd admiration = ! ,div9a ,comm$ia ( ,dante t lur$ me into :at little le>n+ ,i possess4 ,glad/one decl>$3 ,9 ! s*ool ( ,dante ,i le>n$ a great "p ( t m5tal provision 444 :i* has s]v$ me to make ! j\rney ( human life4 ,x surely mu/ be ( ine/imable advantage to sit "u ! in/ruction ( "o ( ! race's ma/] tea*]s :o /imulates "o to l(ty ?9k+ & deep feel+1 leads "o into realms ( wid] k & helps "o to "k 8 own age by reveal+ a mighty pa/4 ,to see t mighty pa/1 to live aga9 ) ,dante 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury is possible only aft] we h cle>$ ! way ) :i* ignorance & misrepres5tation h encumb]$ ! approa*4 ,"h1 p]haps1 m ?an 9 any o!r p]iod ( civilization is ! dictum true t hi/ory is (t5 a conspiracy aga9/ ! tru?4 ,we mod]ns :o are n only obsess$ ) ! !ory ( evolution1 b are dom9at$ by ! idea t no?+ ( p]man5t value c come f m$ievalism1 arrogantly proclaim t ours is ! greate/ ( c5turies because we h n only :at all o!r c5turies _h1 b some?+ else di/9ctively our own--a va/ contribution to ! _w's progress4 ,?is self-complac5cy makes u =get t :atev] tru? !re may be 9 ! great !ory ( evolution1 c]ta9ly ! validity ( ! !ory is n confirm$ by ! intellectual hi/ory ( ! human race4 ,z 0 said ( ! ,patri>*al ,age s we may say ( ,dante's times !re 7 giants 9 ^? days :i* we presume to ignore4 ,hom]1 ,%akespe>e1 ,dante1 inde$ /& =? 9 irrefutable prote/ aga9/ ! que/ionable ass]tion ( evolution t ! pres5t is intellectually sup]ior to ! pa/4 ,! evolution>y !ory prejudices our age aga9/ ackn[l$g+ ! high accompli%m5ts ( ! pa/4 ,s to "k ! tru? we mu/ ov]come ! conspiracy ) :i* s-call$ hi/ory has envelop$ ! pa/1 especially ^? g5]ations imm$iately prior to ,dante's4 ,h[ t ignorance ( ! hi/ory & _s ( t p]iod c bl9d ev5 a great writ] to ! wond]ful feats inh]it$ f ! c5turies imm$iately prec$+ ! ?irte5?1 is reveal$ by ! ass]tion ( ,c>lyle t 9 ,dante t5 sil5t c5turies f\nd a voice4 ,to /ate :at hi/ory n[ reg>ds z fact1 x mu/ be said t :ile ,dante by 8 giant p]sonality & sublime poetic g5ius c\ld alone ennoble any epo* he 0 n a solit>y ph5om5on ( 8 "t b a wor?y culm9ation ( ! lit]>y movem5t :i*1 beg9n+ %ortly be=e #abjj1 produc$ d[n to #acjj su* a mass ( undy+ lit]ature t subsequ5t g5]ations h f\nd 9 x _! model & inspiration & h nev] q equall$ its orig9ality & wor?4 ,9 v]ification ( ?is /atem5t ,i h only to m5tion to y ! names ( ! ,cid ( ,spa91 ! ,ar?urian ,leg5ds ( ,engl&1 ! ,nibelung5 ,li$ ( ,g]many & ! poems ( ! ,mei/]s+]s1 ! ,tr\v]es & ! ,tr\bad\rs4 ,! au?ors ( ^! works _h be5 taught to make !mselves et]nal z ,dante says ,brunetto ,lat9i taught him4 ,!y are pro( aga9/ ! alleg$ dumbness ( ! ages j prec$+ ,dante's4 ,( ^? times speaks ,dr4 ,ralph ,adams ,cram1 r5[n$ equally = hi/orical /udy & = ar*itectural ability3 ,! twelf? 0 ! c5tury ( magnific5t endeavors & all t 0 great 9 its successor is "h 9 embryo n only 9 art b 9 philosophy1 religion & ! conduct ( life4 ,! elev5? c5tury is a "t ( aspiration & vision1 ( ! enunciation ( new pr9ciples & ( ! fir/ %ock ( ! conte/ betwe5 ! old t 0 doom$ & ! new t 0 de/9$ to unprec$5t$ victories4 7,! ,sub/ance ( ,go?ic1 p4 #fi47 ,let u n[ make a g5]al survey ( ,dante's c5tury & !n consid] ! m p>ticul> ev5ts & circum/ances ( 8 environm5t4 ,x may be a surprise to y to "k t !re is a book entitl$ ,! ,?irte5?1 ! ,greate/ ( ,c5turies by ,dr4 ,james ,j4 ,wal%1 9 its fif? edition ) a sale ( #gj1jjj copies4 ,he inde$ is n ! only man ( lett]s :o signalizes t c5tury = its greatness4 ,to conf9e ! quotations to two writ]s well kn[n 9 our day1 ,i f9d t ,fiske 9 8 ,beg9n+s ( ,new ,engl& says ( ! ?irte5? c5tury3 ,x 0 a wond]ful "t b aft] all less memorable z ! culm9ation ( m$ieval empire & m$ieval *ur* ?an z ! dawn+ ( ! new era 9 :i* we live today4 ,fr$]ic ,h>rison1 9 8 ,survey ( ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury says1 ,( all ! epo*s ( ef=t aft] a new life t 444 is ! mo/ spiritual1 ! mo/ really con/ructive & inde$ ! mo/ truly philosophic4 ,x _h great ?9k]s1 great rul]s1 great tea*]s1 great poets1 great arti/s1 great morali/s1 & great workm54 ,x c\ld n be call$ ! mat]ial age1 ! devotional age1 ! political age or ! poetic age 9 any special degree4 ,x 0 equally poetic1 political1 indu/rial1 arti/ic1 practical1 intellectual & devotional4 ,& ^! qualities act$ on a uni=m conception ( life ) a real symmetry ( purpose4 ,ours is an age ( ?\ght b ( ?\ght f9d+ concrete expression 9 practical inv5tion & especially 9 activities 9 ! l9e ( manufacture & comm]ce4 ,po/]ity w probably *>act]ize our age z ! ,indu/rial ,age1 a phrase t w signalize our p]iod bo? = ! developm5t ( indu/ries n ?\ght possible a c5tury ago & = ! evolution ( ! indu/rial work] to a position ( /rik+ importance & p[]4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( humanity ! workman's /atus is ! subject ( int]national agreem5t4 ,! ,league ( ,nations promises to treat ,labor f a humanit>ian po9t ( view & s to place x on ! broad1 firm pa?way lead+ to indu/rial peace & economical solid>ity = ! common good4 ,t w\ld seem a necessity 9 view ( ! /rides ( progress 9 o!r directions4 ,n[ wireless telegraphy crosses oceans & unites cont95ts4 ,! wireless telephone betwe5 %ips & %ore is 9 op]ation4 ,x has be5 f\nd practicable to transport by subm>9e a c>go f ,brem5 to ,baltimore4 ,9 aircraft ! developm5t has be5 j z wond]ful4 ,less ?an t5 ye>s ago ! _w's record = long flight by a]oplane 0 made1 ) no reg>d = "t1 ) two /ops betwe5 ,albany & ,new ,york4 ,9 ,july1 #aiai1 an a]oplane mak+ no /op cov]$ ! di/ance betwe5 ,new ,york & ,*icago 9 "s six h\rs4 ,fur!rmore an ,am]ican seaplane1 9 ?ree /ages made ! trip f ,new ,york to ,engl& & !n a ,briti% ,dirigible )\t mak+ a /op came f ,engl& to ,long ,isl& 9 n9ety-six h\rs4 ,?is is ! end & ! beg9n+ ( an age says ! au?or ( ,mr4 ,brittl+ ,sees ,x ,?r\gh4 ,?is is some?+ f> great] ?an ! ,fr5* ,revolution or ! ,re=mation & we live 9 x4 ,we inde$ consid] x ! age ( big ?+s4 ,dyna/ies fall & republics spr+ up4 ,:5 w> breaks out x is a ,_w ,w> involv+ tw5ty-f\r nations & caus+ #g1gha1hjf dea?s 7,nelson's ,encyclop$ia1 ,v4 iv1 p4 #eai7 & co/+ #bjj1jjj1jjj1jjj4 ,9 ! fir/ ye> 9 :i* we 7 at w>1 our c\ntry sp5t m ?an _h be5 ! co/ ( conduct+ ! gov]nm5t = #abd ye>s1 includ+ ! exp5ses ( ! ,civil & ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>s4 ,yes1 x is an age ( big ?+s4 ,! ,allies 9 ! ,*ampagne (f5sive ( ,septemb]1 #aiae1 ?rew #ej1jjj1jjj %ells into ! ,g]man l9es 9 ?ree days4 ,0 x "o out ( sympa?y ) big ?+s1 "o int5t on ! quiet ( ! high] life z contra/$ ) ! d9 ( ! day1 :o said t mod]n civilization is noise & ! m civilization progresses1 ! great] w be ! noise8 ,9 any ev5t ! muses :o inspir$ ,dante1 are almo/ dumb4 ,n[ ! capta9s ( indu/ry are ! comm&+ figures ( ! day & ! /ud5t1 ! poet1 ! philosoph]1 ! /atesman h gone into innocu\s desuetude4 ,amy ,l[ell is pref]r$ to ,longfell[3 ,*>lie ,*apl9 draws bigg] cr[ds ?an ,%akespe>e c int]e/4 ,tra9m5 get wages high] ?an are ! sal>ies ( "s ( our gov]nors4 ,unskill$ labor is paid m ?an ! tea*]s ( our y\? receive4 ,! co/ ( liv+ 0 nev] high] 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,h[ illum9at+ to turn f ?is picture to t ( ,dante's age4 ,!n 9 ,flor5ce1 a bu%el ( :eat co/ ab\t fifte5 c5ts1 a c>p5t] c\ld buy a broad ax = five c5ts1 a saw = ?ree c5ts1 a plane = f\r c5ts1 a *isel = "o c5t4 ,! av]age daily wage ( a woolwork] 0 ab\t ?irty-six c5ts4 ,9 view ( ! high pur*as+ p[] ( money 9 ,dante's age1 ! fact t he borr[$ at lea/ sev5 hundr$ & fifty sev5 & a half gold5 flor9s1 a debt t 0 n paid until aft] 8 dea?1 leads "o to ?9k t he mu/ h be5 reg>d$ by 8 contempor>ies z prodigal 9 ! use ( money4 ,8 f9ancial difficulties mu/ h giv5 him an uneasy consci5ce = he insi/s repeat$ly on ! wick$ness ( prodigality4 ,9 fact he makes ! abuse ( money on ! "p ei!r ( a mis] or ( a sp5d?rift a s9 aga9/ ! social ord] puni%able accord+ to ! gravity ( ! (f5ce 9 ,hell or ,purgatory4 ,to return to ! matt] ( prices 9 ,dante's day4 ,9 ,engl& a goose c\ld be b\ght = two & a half p5ce4 ,a /all-f$ ox comm&$ tw5ty-f\r %ill+s :ile 8 fell[ br\ght up on grass 0 sold = sixte5 %ill+s4 ,a fat hog1 two ye>s old1--& ?is is int]e/+ to u :o pay sev5ty-five c5ts a p\nd = bacon--a fat hog two ye>s old co/ only ?ree %ill+s f\r p5ce & a fat %eep %orn1 "o %ill+ & two p5ce4 ,a gallon ( oy/]s 0 pur*asable = two p5ce1 a doz5 ( ! be/ soles = ?ree p5ce4 ,a y>d ( broadclo? co/ only "o %ill+ "o p5ce1 a pair ( %oes f\r p5ce4 ,^! figures ( ,engli% money are tak5 f an act ( ,edw>d ,,iii ( ,engl& :o 0 born sev5 ye>s aft] ,dante's dea?4 ,p>liam5t>ian enactm5t "u ! same k+ fix$ a table ( wages4 ,= a day's "w at haymak+ or we$+ ( corn1 = in/ance1 a woman got "o p5ny4 ,= m[+ an acre ( grass or ?re%+ a qu>t] ( :eat a man 0 paid f\r p5ce4 ,! reap] receiv$ also f\r p5ce = 8 day's labor4 ,eight h\rs con/itut$ a work+ day4 ,! p ( ! ,middle ,ages n only _h ! ,saturday half-holiday b !y enjoy$ release f "w on ne>ly =ty vigils ( fea/ days dur+ ! ye>4 ,t !y 7 z well (f1 e4g4 z ! unskill$ labor] ( our day1 :o dem&s f f\r to eight doll>s a day z a wage1 is evid5t f ! fact t :ile he has to pay =ty c5ts a p\nd = mutton1 ! workman ( ,edw>d ! ,?ird's day e>n$ en\gh 9 f\r days to buy a :ole %eep & a gallon ( ale4 ,s pl5tiful 0 meat 9 ,engl& t x 0 ! ord9>y diet ( ! poor4 ,a preamble ( an act ( ,p>liam5t ( ! f\rte5? c5tury 9 specify+ beef1 pork1 mutton & veal decl>es t ^! are ! food ( ! poor] sort4 7,! ,?irte5?1 ! ,greate/ ( ,c5turies1 p4 #dgi47 ,speak+ ( live-/ock leads to ! obs]vation t ! p ( ,dante's "t = ! mo/ "p liv$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,cities _h n yet become magnets4 ,london is suppos$ to h _h a population ( tw5ty-five ?\s&1 ,york t5 ?\s& f\r hundr$1 ,cant]bury1 f\r ?\s& sev5 hundr$1 ,flor5ce1 9 ! ye> #acjj1 accord+ to ,villani1 a contempor>y ( ,dante1 _h n9ety ?\s& enjoy+ ! rights ( citiz5%ip4 ,( ri* ,gr&i1 !re 7 fifte5 hundr$4 ,/rang]s pass+ ?r\gh ! city numb]$ ab\t two ?\s&4 ,9 ! elem5t>y s*ools 7 eight ?\s& to t5 ?\s& *ildr54 7,/aley's ,guilds ( ,flor5ce1 p4 #eee47 ,! means ( travel & communication1 ( c\rse1 7 few & difficult4 ,! roads 7 bad & dang]\s4 ,9 ,france1 ,g]many & ,italy !re 7 s _m =ms ( gov]nm5t1 duk$oms1 b>onies1 m>quisates1 signories1 city republics1 ea* ) its own cu/om regulations1 n to speak ( ea* hav+ its own co9age & language1 t travel]s enc\nt]$ ob/acles almo/ at e /ep4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 j\rneys _h to be made afoot & a degree ( safety 0 atta9$ only if ! travel] jo9$ a l>ge trade c>avan1 a pilgrimage or a gov]nm5tal exp$ition4 ,night (t5 f\nd ! p>ty f> f a hospice or inn & s !y 7 oblig$ = %elt] to camp on ! highway or 9 ! fields4 ,necess>ily ! travel] 0 subject$ to innum]able privations & suff]+s4 ,i h n be5 able to get accurate in=mation z to ! exact l5g? ( "t requir$ to make a trip1 say f ,london to ,p>is--a di/ance cov]$ ! o!r day by an a]oplane 9 eighty m9utes4 ,b1 ! ,consuetud9es ( ! ,h]e=d ,ca!dral1 ,engl&1 af=d u "s data ^u :i* to base ! conclusion t six weeks 7 necess>y = su* a trip1 all[+ ano!r week = religi\s purposes4 ,! ,consuetud9es aft] specify+ t no canon ( ! ca!dral 0 to make m ?an "o pilgrimage beyond ! seas 9 8 lifetime1 all[s ! cl]gyman sev5 weeks' abs5ce to g abroad to ! tomb ( ,/4 ,d5is 9 ! suburbs ( ,p>is1 sixte5 weeks to ,rome & a ye> to ,j]usalem4 ,a table ( "t limits betwe5 ,flor5ce & ! pr9cipal cities ( ,europe & ! ,ea/ made by ! ,flor5t9e ,bank+ h\ses 9 ,dante's day1 %[$ ! numb] ( days requir$ = consignm5ts ( specie & goods to rea* _! de/9ation4 ,rome 0 rea*$ 9 fifte5 days1 ,v5ice & ,naples 9 tw5ty days1 ,fl&]s 9 sev5ty days1 ,engl& & ,con/ant9ople 9 sev5ty-five days1 ,cyprus 9 n9ety days4 ,h[ long x took ,dante to make ! trip f ,flor5ce to ,rome1 we d n "k b hi/ory tells u t he w5t to ! ,et]nal ,city 9 ! ye> #acjj4 ,he 0 inde$ a great travel]4 ,dur+ 8 tw5ty ye>s' exile1 we "k t our poet's it9]>y l$ him among o!r places to ,padua1 ,v5ice1 ,rav5na1 ,p>is & !re is good reason to believe1 z ,glad/one cont5ds1 t he w5t = /udy to ,ox=d4 ,! regret is p]missible t he did n leave u an acc\nt ( 8 j\rney+s4 ,_h he giv5 u pictures--z he alone c\ld h pa9t$ !m--( sc5es by ! wayside & ( ! c\rts ( :i* he 0 an honor$ gue/1 says ,dr4 ,j4,a4 ,zahm 9 8 ,great ,inspir]s1 we %\ld h _h ! mo/ int]e/+ & ! mo/ in/ructive travel book ev] writt54 ,we _c b notice "o great effect br\ght ab\t by travel+ 9 ^? days1 especially by pilgrimages & by ! ,crusades =m$ 9 def5ce ( pilgrimages to ! ,holy ,l& & t is1 t !re arose on all sides a desire = lib]ty & ! gr[? ( a _s ( nationality t work$ to ! de/ruction ( absolute gov]nm5t4 ,! p[] ( ! common p began to ass]t itself4 ,9 #abae1 ,engl& =c$ f ,john ,lackl& ! ,magna ,*>ta1 ! f\ndation ( all ! lib]ty ( ,engli% speak+ p ev5 9 mod]n times4 ,! v ye> 9 :i* ,dante 0 born1 repres5tatives ( ! t[nspeople 7 admitt$ z memb]s ( ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t4 ,9 ,france1 dur+ ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! c5tralization ( p[] 9 ! h&s ( ! k+s w5t =w>d ) ! gradual dim9ution ( ! influ5ce ( ! nobility--a fact op]at+ to ! p's advantage4 ,9 #abbb ! nobles =c$ ,&rew ,,ii ( ,hung>y to issue ! ,gold5 ,bull1 ! in/rum5t :i* ,black/one lat] decl>$ turn$ an>*y into law4 ,9 ,g]many & ,sicily ,fr$]ick ,,ii publi%$ laws giv+ a l>g] measure ( popul> fre$om4 ,9 ,italy1 ! exi/5ce ( ! city republics--especially ^? ( ,flor5ce1 ,si5na1 ,pisa--%[$ h[ successfully ! f]m5t ( lib]ty _h p5etrat$ ! mass ( ! body-politic4 ,com+ n[ to reg>d ! *>act]i/ics ( ,dante's age we mu/ say t ! fir/ big ?+ t looms 9 sight is ! fact t ?is 0 ! gold5 age ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,ev]y:]e ! ,cross1 ! symbol ( salvation1 met ! eye4 ,x 0 ! age :5 m5 liv$ 9 "o fai?1 us$ "o ritual1 pr(ess$ "o cre$1 accept$ a common doctr9e & moral /&>d & brea!d a common religi\s atmosph]e4 ,h]esy 0 n :olly abs5t b x 0 ! exception4 ,religion reg>d$ !n n z an accid5t or an incid5t ( life b z a b5ign influ5ce p]meat+ ! :ole social fabric1 n only c>$ = ! wid[ & orphan & provid$ = ! poor1 b x %ap$ m5's ?\ghts1 quick5$ _! s5tim5ts1 inspir$ _! "w & direct$ _! wills4 ,^! m5 believ$ 9 a _w beyond ! grave z an ev] pres5t reality4 ,hell1 ,purgatory1 ,heav5 7 s ne> to !m t !y1 s to speak1 c\ld t\* ! invisible _w ) _! h&s4 ,to !m1 z to ,dante1 ?is life 0 b a %ad[y appe>ance ?r\gh :i* ! et]nal realities ( ano!r _w 7 con/antly betray+ !mselves4 ,( ! int5sity & univ]sality ( fai? 9 t life beyond dea?1 ,dante is n ! exception b ! embodim5t4 ,8 poem has no su* false note ( scepticism z we detect 9 ,t5nyson's ,9 ,memoriam4 ,note ! words ( ! mod]n poet3 ,i falt] :]e ,i firmly trod ,& fall+ ) my weight ( c>es ,^u ! great _w's alt> /airs ,t slope ?r\gh d>kness up to ,god1 ,i /ret* lame h&s ( fai? & grope ,& ga!r du/ & *aff & call ,to :at ,i feel is ,"l ( all ,& fa9tly tru/ ! l>g] hope4 ,n ?us does ,dante speak4 ,z ! voice ( 8 age he beg9s ) fai?1 cont9ues ) fai? & leads u to ! unveil$ vision ( ,god4 ,he bo? %[s u 8 unwav]+ adh]5ce to ,*ri/ian doctr9e 9 t sc5e 9 ,p>adiso :]e he is exam9$ z to 8 fai? by ,/4 ,pet] & he tea*es u t ! se5 is only a /epp+ /one into ! unse54 ,x has be5 said ( him 9 ref]5ce to 8 ,div9a ,comm$ia1 ,! light ( fai? guides ! poet's /eps ?r\gh ! hopeless *amb]s ( ,hell ) a firmness ( conviction t kn[s no wav]+4 ,x be>s him ?r\gh ! suff]+s ( ,purgatory1 believ+ /rongly fits reality3 x raises him on ! w+s ( love & contemplation into ,heav5's ,empyrean1 :]e he really hopes to enjoy bliss f> beyond t :]e( he says4 7,bro!r ,az>ias47 ,lead+ ! religi\s awak5+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury & mak+ possible ,dante's "w at ! end ( ! c5tury 7 two ( ! _w's greate/ expon5ts ( ! spiritual life1 bo? signaliz$ 9 ! ,p>adiso4 ,/4 ,dom9ic *>act]iz$ by ,dante 7,p>4 ,,xii1 #ef7 z a jeal\s lov] ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? ) mildness t[>d 8 disciples b =midable to 8 foes1 f\nd$ an ord] to be ! *ampions ( ,fai? & ! true lights ( ! _w4 ,ev5 9 its e>ly days x gave to ! _w em95t s*ol>s su* z ,alb]tus ,magnus & ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 & x has nev] ceas$ to numb] among its memb]s great ?9k]s1 ard5t apo/les1 /]n ascetics & pr(\nd my/ics4 ,9 ,dante's "t x 0 ! only ord] specially *>g$ ) ! (fice ( prea*+ & f its f\nd]'s "t d[n to ! pres5t day ! "o :o acts z ! ,pope's ,!ologian has be5 tak5 f ! ranks ( ?is ord]4 ,besides prea*+ to all classes ( ,*ri/ian society & evangeliz+ ! hea!n1 ! ,dom9icans 9 ,dante's day f\ght aga9/ h]esy & s*ism1 lectur$ 9 ! univ]sities1 toil$ among ! poor1 activities 9 :i* ! ord] is /ill engag$4 ,b p]haps ! man ^: spiritual influ5ce 0 greate/ 9 m$ievalism1 if n 9 all ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 0 ,francis ( ,assisi1 :o all s]aphical 9 ord] rose a sun ^u ! _w4 7,p>4 ,,xi1 #cg47 ,born at ,assisi 9 ,umbria 9 #aahb1 ! son ( a weal?y clo? m]*ant & ( ,pica1 a memb] ( a noble family ( ,prov5ce1 ,francis grew up a h&some1 gay & gallant y\? ! prime favorite among ! "y nobles ( ! t[n1 ! =emo/ 9 e feat ( arms1 ! lead] ( civil revels1 ! v k+ ( frolic4 ,a l[ fev] contract$ :5 ) 8 fell[ citiz5s he f\ght aga9/ ! ,p]ugians turn$ 8 ?\ghts to ! ?+s ( et]nity4 ,^u 8 recov]y he det]m9$ to devote himself to ! s]vice ( 8 fell[ man = ! honor ( ,god4 ,8 r5unciation ( ! ?+s ( ?is life 0 dramatic4 ,to sw]ve him f ! new life 8 fa!r _h cit$ him to appe> be=e ! ,bi%op4 ,francis1 unmov$ by ! appeal ( 8 fa!r p]si/$ 9 8 resolution4 ,/ripp+ himself ( ! clo!s he wore1 ! ,bi%op cov]+ 8 nak$ness1 ,francis gave 8 clo!s to 8 fa!r say+1 ,hi!rto ,i h call$ y ,fa!r1 h5ce=? ,i desire to say only ,our ,fa!r :o art 9 heav54 ,!n & !re z ,dante s+s1 7 solemniz$ ,francis' nuptials ) 8 belov$ ,sp\se1 ! ,lady ,pov]ty1 "u :i* "n1 9 ! my/ical language aft]w>ds s famili> to ,francis1 he compreh5d$ ! total surr5d] ( all wordly goods1 honors & privileges4 ,he w5t =? & attract$ disciples4 ,) ^! p>tak+ ( 8 zeal & animat$ by 8 *>ity1 he labor$ to make 8 g5]ation turn f ! sordid to ! spiritual1 diffus+ ov] all ! p a t5d] love ( nature & ,god4 ,among 8 disciples--great m9ds ( ! "t--7 ,?omas ( ,celano1 "o ( ! lit]>y g5iuses ( ! day1 ! au?or ( ! sublime ,dies ,irae--a religi\s poem *ant$ to ?is day at e fun]al high mass 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & frequ5tly sung or play$ 9 great op]a h\ses1--,bonav5ture1 pr(essor ( philosophy & !ology at ! univ]sity ( ,p>is1 ,rog] ,bacon1 ! fri>1 ! r5[n$ tea*] at ,p>is & ,ox=d1 ,duns ,scotus1 ! subtile doctor4 ,9 ! ,?ird ,ord] e/abli%$ = ^? n foll[+ ! mona/ic life ! memb]%ip1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 embrac$ among o!rs ,/4 ,l\is1 ,k+ ( ,france1 ,/4 ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y1 & ,dante4 ,he1 t[>ds ! end ( 8 exile1 footsore1 we>y & disc\rag$1 buffet$ by ! adv]se w9ds ( =tune knock$1 a /rang]1 at ! gates ( ! ,franciscan mona/]y at ,lunigiana4 ,z nei!r ,i nor any ( ! bro!rs recogniz$ him1 writes ,bro!r ,hil>y1 ! ,prior1 ,i ask$ him :at he wi%$4 ,he made no answ] b gaz$ sil5tly ^u ! columns & gall]ies ( ! cloi/]4 ,aga9 ,i ask$ him :at he wi%$ & :om he s\ght & sl[ly turn+ 8 head & look+ ar\nd ^u ! bro!rs & me1 he answ]$ ',peace4' ,! monks spoke g5tly to him1 m9i/]$ ) k9dly & delicate sympa?y to 8 bodily & spiritual ne$s4 ,8 retic5ce left him & 8 res]ve melt$ away4 ,"h ! object ( lov+ hospitality1 he rema9$ f9d+ means & opportunity = pr(\nd /udy4 ,be=e he dep>t$ he drew f 8 bosom a "p ( ! preci\s manuscript ( ,div9a ,comm$ia & tru/+ly giv+ x into ! h&s ( ! ,prior said1 ,"h1 ,bro!r1 is a portion ( my "w :i* y may n h se53 ?is remembrance ,i leave ) y3 =get me n4 ,t he himself 0 n un=getful ( ! sympa?y ( ! simple & w>m-he>t$ foll[]s ( ,/4 ,francis is evid5t f ! fact t he glori$ 9 8 memb]%ip ( ! ,?ird ,ord]1 we>+ ab\t 8 body ! ,franciscan c9cture = *a/ity & x is n unlikely t at ,rav5na be=e he f9ally clos$ 8 eyes ^u ! turmoil ( ! _w full ( vicissitudes1 he mode/ly reque/$ t he be buri$ 9 ! simple habit ( ! ord] & be laid to re/ 9 a tomb atta*$ to _! mona/]y4 ,9 any ev5t su* 0 8 burial4 ,= our sympa!tic und]/&+ ( ! supremacy ( religion 9 ,dante's day1 may ,i aga9 quote ,ralph ,adams ,cram1 ^: words on ! elev5? c5tury are equally applicable to ! era ( our ,flor5t9e & to 8 c\ntry8 ,dr4 ,cram writes3 ,x is h>d = u to ?9k back into su* an ali5 _s & "t z ?is & s und]/& h[ ) "o-t5? ( its pres5t population ,engl& c\ld support s va/ & v>i$ a religi\s e/abli%m5t1 us$ z we are to an age :]e religion is only a detail = _m & = mo/ a negligible factor4 ,we are only too famili> ) ! community t c\ld b>ely support "o p>i% *ur*1 boa/+ its "o-half doz5 religi\s organizations1 all toge!r claim+ ! adh]5ce ( only a m9ority ( ! population1 b 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 religion 0 n only ! mo/ important & p]vasive ?+1 x 0 a moral obligation on e man1 woman & *ild1 & rejection or ev5 indiff]5ce 0 un?9kable4 ,if once we grasp ?is fact1 cont9ues ,cram1 we c und]/& h[ 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 ! :ole _w %\ld cov] itself ) 'its :ite robe ( *ur*es4' ,! second great fact obs]vable 9 ! times ( ,dante is t x 0 an age ( inquiry & ( effici5t craftsman%ip4 ,_m ( our g5]ation ?9k t ,dante's day be+ s f> remov$ f ! age ( pr9t+ & ! _s ( positivism1 & be+ giv5 to ! uphold+ ( au?ority almo/ z an unexhau/ible s\rce ( k1 0 :olly unacqua9t$ ) sci5tific rese>*4 ,fur!rmore !y decl>e t education !n 0 almo/ at its m9imum /age4 ,a little /udy w %[ t ! p ( t era 7 n unacqua9t$ ) ! sci5tific _s & x w also prove t if education did n prevail1 9 ! s5se t ev]ybody _h an opportunity to read & write--a consummation h>dly to be expect$--education 9 ! s5se ( effici5cy--education 9 ! etymological s5se1 i4e4 ! tra9+ ( ! faculties s t ! individual might develop creative self-expression & especially t he might br+ out :at 0 be/ 9 him1 all :i* meant k highly useful to himself & o!rs--t k9d ( education 0 n uncommon4 ,to give an idea ( ! sci5tific inquiry & %>p obs]vation ( m9d 9 ^? days1 ,i might cite ,dante z a ma/] expon5t ( nature /udy1 & adept ( sci5ce4 ,pass+ ov] 8 exp]im5t 9 optics giv5 9 ,p>adiso1 giv5 s naturally z to ju/ify ! inf]5ce t inve/igation 9 physics 0 !n n an uncommon mode ( ga9+ k1 ,i call y\r att5tion to an obs]vation made by ,alex&] ,von ,humboldt1 ! di/+ui%$ sci5ti/1 to prove t no?+ escap$ ! eyes ( ,dante1 int5t equally ^u natural ph5om5a & ! ?+s ( ! s\l4 ,von ,humboldt sugge/s t ! rhetorical figure employ$ by ,dante 9 8 description ( ! ,riv] ( ,light ) its banks ( wond]ful fl[]s 7,p>4 ,,xxx1 #fa7 is an application ( our poet's k ( ! phosphoresc5ce ( ! ocean4 ,if y h ev] look$ d[n ! side ( a /eam%ip at night z x pl\gh$ its way =w>d1 & if y h ev] obs]v$ 9 ! sea ! ?\s& d>t+ lights j bel[ ! wat] l9e y\r enjoyable exp]i5ce w enable y to appreciate ! beauty ( ?is passage4 ,i n[ quote3 ,i saw a glory l a /ream fl[ by ,9 brightness ru%+ & on ei!r side ,7 banks t ) spr+'s wondr\s hues might vie ,& f t riv] liv+ sp>ks did so> ,& sank on all sides 9 ! fl['rets bloom ,l preci\s rubies set 9 gold5 ore ,!n z if drunk ) all ! ri* p]fume ,back to ! wondr\s torr5t did !y roll ,& z "o sank ano!r fill$ its room4 ,comm5t+ on ?is passage1 ,von ,humboldt says ,x w\ld seem z if ?is picture _h its orig9 9 ! poet's recollection ( t peculi> & r>e phosphoresc5t condition ( ! ocean 9 :i* lum9\s po9ts appe> to rise f ! break+ waves &1 spread+ !mselves ov] ! surface ( ! wat]s1 conv]t ! liquid pla9 into a mov+ sea ( />s4 ,?is m5tion ( a sea br+s to m9d ! /rik+ fact t ,dean ,*ur* has po9t$ out1 viz41 :5 ,dante speaks ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 he speaks n z a hi/orian or an obs]v] ( its /orms or its smiles b z a geologi/4 ,! ,m$it]ranean is to him3 ,! greate/ valley 9 :i* wat] /ret*e?4 7,p>4 ,,ix1 #hb47 ,s also :5 he speaks ( light he reg>ds x n m]ely 9 its beautiful appe>ances b 9 its natural laws 7,purg4 ,,xv74 ,& :5 ,dante comes to describe ! exact color1 say ( an apple blossom1 8 spl5did & unequall$ p[] z a sci5tific obs]v] ( ,nature & a poet is mo/ evid5t4 ,rusk9 7,mod4 ,pa9t]s ,,iii1 #bbf7 comm5t+ on ! passage3 fl[]s ( a color less ?an t ( roses b m ?an t ( violets 7,purg4 ,,xxxii1 #eh7 makes ?is int]e/+ rem>k3 ,x c]ta9ly w\ld n be possible 9 words1 to come ne>] to ! def9ition ( ! exact hue :i* ,dante meant--t ( ! apple blossom4 ,_h he employ$ any simpl] color phrase1 z 'pale p9k' or 'violet p9k' or any o!r su* comb9$ expression1 he /ill c\ld n h completely got at ! delicacy ( ! hue2 he might1 p]haps1 h indicat$ its k9d1 b n its t5d]ness2 b by tak+ ! rose-leaf z ! type ( ! delicate r$1 & !n enfeebl+ ?is ) ! violet gray he gets1 z closely z language c c>ry him to ! complete r5d]+ ( ! vision al?\gh x is evid5tly felt by him to be 9 its p]fect beauty ineffable4 ,^! examples ( ,dante's int]e/ 9 sci5tific obs]vation prove 8 fitness to be consid]$ a repres5tative ( 8 age 9 its love = sci5ce4 ,in/ead1 h[ev]1 ( propos+ ,dante z a typical example ( ! exp]im5tal inquiry ( 8 age--y may say t he is sui g5]is--,i %all call =? o!r witnesses4 ,fir/ let ,alb]tus ,magnus speak4 ,he 0 di/+ui%$ z a !ologian & philosoph] & 0 also r5[n$ z a sci5ti/4 ,9 8 t5? book aft] describ+ all ! trees1 plants & h]bs !n kn[n1 he says3 ,all t is "h set d[n is ! result ( our own obs]vation or has be5 borr[$ f o!rs :om we h kn[n to h writt5 :at _! p]sonal exp]i5ce has confirm$1 = 9 ^! matt]s1 exp]i5ce alone c give c]ta9ty 7exp]im5tum solum c]tificat 9 talibus74 ,we may be sure t su* an inve/igator %[+ 9 8 me?od a prodigi\s sci5tific progress 0 on ! l9e s successfully foll[$ by mod]n natural philosophy4 ,?is conclusion is confirm$ by evid5ce f 8 o!r books %[+ t he did a great deal ( exp]im5tal "w1 especially 9 *emi/ry4 ,9 8 treatise ,de ,m9]alibus1 ,alb]tus ,magnus ke5 to obs]ve natural ph5om5a1 enum]ates diff]5t prop]ties ( natural magnets & /ates "s ( ! prop]ties commonly attribut$ to !m4 ,9 8 book on ,botany he treats ( ! organic /ructure & physiology ( plants s accurately z to draw f ,mey]1 a botani/ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ?is appreciative tribute4 ,no botani/ :o liv$ be=e ,alb]t c be comp>$ to him unless ,!ophra/us1 ) :om he 0 n acqua9t$3 & aft] him none has pa9t$ nature ) su* liv+ colors or /udi$ x s pr(\ndly until ! "t ( ,conrad ,gesn] & ,cesalp9o--a high complim5t inde$ = ,alb]tus = lead]%ip 9 sci5ce = ?ree c5turies4 ,to quote ,von ,humboldt aga91 ,i h f\nd 9 ! book ( ,alb]tus ,magnus1 ,de ,natura ,locorum1 consid]ations on ! dep5d5ce ( temp]ature concurr5tly on latitude & elevation & on ! effect ( diff]5t angles ( incid5ce ( ! sun's rays 9 heat+ ! gr\nd1 :i* h excit$ my surprise4 ,alb]tus ,magnus ga9s r5[n also f 8 di/+ui%$ pupil ,rog] ,bacon :o1 "s ?9k1 %\ld h ! honor ( be+ reg>d$ z ! fa!r ( inductive sci5ce--an honor po/]ity has conf]r$ ^u ano!r ( ! same family "n :o liv$ #cjj ye>s lat]4 ,we1 :o we> eye-glasses w\ld be will+1 ,i ?9k1 to vote ! honor to ! eld] ,bacon1 because if we d n owe to him ! discov]y ( l5ses1 we are 8 debtors = 8 cl>ification ( ! pr9ciples ( l5ses & = 8 successful ef=ts 9 e/abli%+ !m on a ma!matical basis4 ,9 any ev5t1 he 0 a pione] 9 inductive sci5ce4 ,be=e gunp[d] is kn[n to h be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,we/1 ! fri> ,rog] ,bacon mu/ h made "s int]e/+ exp]im5ts along ! l9e ( explosives1 else he c\ld n h made ! foll[+ rem>kable /atem5t z to ! prop]ty ( gunp[d]3 ,"o may cause to bur/ f bronze1 ?und]bolts m =midable ?an ^? produc$ by nature4 ,a small quantity ( prep>$ matt] causes a t]rible explosion accompani$ by a brilliant light4 ,"o may multiply ?is ph5om5on s f> z to de/roy a city or an army4 ,anticipat+ ! use ( ev5 motor boats & automobiles driv5 by gasol9e1 ?is ?irte5? c5tury sci5ti/ wrote3 ,art c con/ruct in/rum5ts ( navigation su* t ! l>ge/ vessels gov]n$ by a s+le man w trav]se riv]s & seas m rapidly ?an if !y 7 fill$ ) o>sm54 ,"o may also make c>riages :i*1 )\t ! aid ( any animal1 w run ) rem>kable swiftness4 ,?is man ^: cl>ity ( vision anticipat$ ^? discov]ies ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 left ?ree disciples aft] him1--,john ( ,p>is1 ,william ( ,m>a & ,g]>d ,hay--:o foll[$ _! ma/]'s me?ods1 especially ( te/+ by obs]vation & by c>eful se>*+ ( au?orities1 e proposition t came up = /udy4 ,p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ argum5t 9 favor ( ! exp]im5tal attitude ( ,dante's c5tury is t af=d$ by c]ta9 facts 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ic9e ( t epo*4 ,!n surg]y began to make va/ /rides4 ,pagel1 reg>d$ 9 our "t z ! be/ in=m$ writ] on ! hi/ory ( m$ic9e1 has ?is to say ( ! surg]y 9 ,dante's age4 ,! /ream ( lit]>y works on surg]y fl[s ri*] dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,:ile surgeons are f> f be+ able to emancipate !mselves f ! rul+ pa?ological !ories1 !re is no d\bt t 9 "o dep>tm5t1 t ( manual te*nics1 free obs]vation came to occupy ! fir/ place 9 ! ef=t = sci5tific progress4 ,inve/igation is less hamp]$ & conc]ns itself ) practical ?+s & n ) artificial !ories4 ,exp]im5tal obs]vation 0 9 ?is n repress$ by an un=tunate & iron-b\nd appeal to reason+4 7,! ,popes & ,sci5ce1 p4 #agb47 ,z to m$ical practice 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 int]e/+ data are furni%$ by ! ,bullet9 ( ,johns ,hopk9s ,hospital & ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,m$ical ,association1 ,janu>y1 #aijh4 ,! =m] publication gives u rem>kable in/ances ( surgical op]ations & ( ! treatm5t ( ,bright's disease1 matt]s :i* we might h ?\ght possible only 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury2 ! latt] publi%es 9 full ! law = ! regulation ( ! practice ( m$ic9e issu$ by ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,ii 9 #abdj or #abda4 ,accord+ to t law b9d+ on ! two ,sicilies1 ?ree ye>s ( prep>atory univ]sity "w 7 requir$ be=e ! /ud5t c\ld beg9 ! /udy ( m$ic9e4 ,!n he _h to devote ?ree ye>s to ! /udy ( m$ic9e & f9ally he _h to sp5d a ye> "u a physician's direction be=e a lic5se 0 issu$ to him4 ,9 connection ) ?is high /&>d ( a m$ical education1 ! law ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii =bade n only ! sale ( impure drugs "u p5alty ( confiscation ( goods1 b also ! prep>ation ( !m "u p5alty ( dea?--/]n legislation1 anticipat+ by ne>ly sev5 c5turies ! ,am]ican ,pure ,drug ,law4 7,! ,popes & ,sci5ce1 p4 #dai47 ,und\bt$ly ! exp]im5tal demon/ration & orig9al obs]vation ( ,dante's "t sprang ei!r f ! tra9+ or p$agogical me?ods ( ! great univ]sities ( t p]iod4 ,!re 7 univ]sities at ,ox=d1 ,p>is1 ,cologne1 ,montpeli]1 ,orleans1 ,ang]s4 ,spa9 _h f\r univ]sities2 ,italy1 t54 ,! numb] ( /ud5ts 9 att5dance mu/ amaze u if we ?9k t high] education did n !n prevail4 ,pr(essor ,?omas ,davidson 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,education1 says3 ,! numb] ( /ud5ts report$ z hav+ att5d$ "s ( ! univ]sities 9 ^? e>ly days almo/ passes belief1 e4g4 ,ox=d is said to h _h ab\t #cj1jjj ab\t ! ye> #acjj & half t numb] z e>ly z #abbd4 ,! numb]s att5d+ ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is 7 /ill great]4 ,! numb]s become less surpris+ :5 we rememb] ) :at poor accommodations--a b>e room & an armful ( /raw--! /ud5ts ( ^? days 7 cont5t & :at numb]s ( !m ev5 a s+le tea*] l ,abel>d c\ld1 long be=e1 draw into lonely retreats4 ,t 9 ! twelf? & foll[+ c5turies !re 0 no lack ( en?usiasm = /udy1 not)/&+ ! tr\bl$ conditions ( ! times1 is v cle>4 ,9 ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 education rose 9 _m ,european /ates to a height :i* x _h n atta9$ s9ce ! days ( ,s5eca & ,qu9tilian4 ,! curriculum foll[$ by a /ud5t 9 ,dante's "t embrac$ ! sev5 lib]al arts ( ! ,trivium & ! ,quadrivium1 namely ,gramm>1 ,dialectic1 ,rhetoric1 ,ari?metic1 ,music1 ,geometry & ,a/rology4 ,! high] education compris$ also ,physics1 ,metaphysics1 ,logic1 ,e?ics1 & ,!ology4 ,( ! cultural effect ( ! old education1 ,pr(essor ,huxley spoke 9 ! highe/ praise on ! occasion ( 8 inaugural address z rector ( ,ab]de5 ,univ]sity4 ,i d\bt1 he said1 if ! curriculum ( any mod]n univ]sity %[s s cle> & g5]\s a compreh5sion ( :at is meant by culture z ! old ,trivium & ,quadrivium does4 7,! ,?irte5? ! ,greate/ ( ,c5turies1 p4 #dff47 ,speak+ ( education 9 ^? di/ant days1 "o ?9ks ( ! supreme intellect ( m$ieval life1 ! giant g5ius ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ^: philosophy 0 ! food ( ,dante & became ! basis n only ( ,dante's great poem b ( ,*ri/ian ,apologetics d[n to our own day1 :5 ,pope ,leo ,,xiii direct$ t all ,ca?olic sem9>ies & univ]sities implant ! doctr9e exp\nd$ by ,?omas1 ,angel ( ! ,s*ools4 ,a philosoph] ^: bread? & lucidity ( m9d gave su* p]5nial int]e/ to a sy/em ( ?\ght t x is /ill foll[$ m g5]ally ?an t ( any o!r s*ool ( philosophy--taught 9 ! regul> c\rse ev5 at ,ox=d1 ,h>v>d1 ,columbia--su* a philosoph] c\ld h left ! impress ( 8 g5ius ^u sev5 succe$+ c5turies only if 8 "w _h be5 to philosophy :at ,dante's ,div9a ,comm$ia is to lit]ature4 ,! subject ( s*ola/ic philosophy n[ m or less claims att5tion "h1 s9ce ! com+ to our c\ntry ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ expon5t ( ,neo-s*ola/icism4 ,c>d9al ,m]ci] be=e becom+ a pr9ce ( ! ,*ur*1 held ! *air ( neo-s*ola/ic philosophy at ,l\va9 :]e he made 8 dep>tm5t s di/+ui%$ = deep s*ol>%ip t pupils came f af> to sit "u 8 in/ruction or to prep>e !mselves = a doctorate ( philosophy ^: requirem5ts at ,l\va9 7 p]haps1 m exact+ ?an at any o!r mod]n univ]sity4 ,9 #ahhi ,bi%op ,john ,h4 ,keane engag$ 9 ! task ( gett+ toge!r a faculty = ! ,ca?olic ,univ]sity at ,wa%+ton w5t to ,l\va9 to see ,dr4 ,m]ci]4 ,i want y to g to ,wa%+ton & become head ( our s*ool ( philosophy1 said ! visitor4 ,i am p]fectly will+ to g1 no?+ c\ld please me m4 ,b we mu/ fir/ get ! p]mission ( ! ,pope1 answ]$ ! ,belgian s*ol>4 ,bi%op ,keane w5t to ,rome & pres5t$ ! matt] to ,leo ,,xiii4 ,bett] leave him :]e he is1 repli$ ! ,pope4 ,he is m ne$$ 9 ,belgium ?an 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s x 0 ow+ to ! wisdom ( ,pope ,leo 9 keep+ ! "r man 9 ! "r place t ,belgium's /ronge/ man 0 held = 8 c\ntry aga9/ ! evil h\r to be a t]ror to wrongdo]s & an inspiration & object ( rev]5ce4 ,! ,_w's ,w> reveal$ ,belgium's ,primate n only z a great lucid ?9k] :o %att]$ ! subtilities ) :i* ! philosophy ( might tri$ to confuse ! m9d ( ! _w1 b also z an undaunt$ lead] :o c\ld n be fright5$ or defeat$ by all ! =ces ( milit>ism4 ,to my m9d ! secret ( ! dom9at+ influ5ce work+ ^u ,c>d9al ,m]ci]'s "* & mak+ him a _w-h]o came f 8 tra9+ 9 s*ola/ic philosophy & f 8 hav+ assimilat$ ! _s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,t p]iod inde$ n only tra9$ its p to a high spiritual ideal b gave !m gold5 opportunities to express !mselves & to put =?1 "u ! inspiration ( religion1 ! be/ t 0 9 !m4 ,! m$ium 0 ! guild sy/em :i*1 work+ f a self-protect+ alliance ( trad]s1 ext5d$ itself to e exi/+ =m ( indu/ry & comm]ce & gave ! workman a position ( self-respect & indep5d5ce su* z he _h nev] held be=e & has fail$ to a*ieve s9ce 7,cram74 ,a rem>kable ?+ ab\t ! guild sy/em 0 t x e/abli%$ & ma9ta9$ :at we1 today1 call te*nical s*ools = ! tra9+ ( appr5tices4 ,b m rem>kable 0 ! _s :i* animat$ ! sy/em4 ,op]>e e/ or>e 0 its pr9ciple4 ,z a result ( t tea*+ t labor is practical pray]1 t ! work] %\ld labor n simply = a wage1 b = p]fection1 m5 ) untir+ en]gy /ra9+ = f9] & bett] "w came to make ! be/ ?+s _! m9ds c\ld conceive1 _! ta/e c\ld plan1 _! h&s c\ld fa%ion4 ,bell-mak+ 9 ,dante's day atta9$ su* p]fection t ! =m & composition ( bells h ev] s9ce be5 imitat$4 ,work]s ( preci\s metals produc$ su* wond]ful *alices t succe$+ g5]ations h nev] equall$ ! anci5t model4 ,! masonry ( m$ievalism has secrets ( con/ruction lo/ to our age4 ,me*anical eng9e]+ solv$ )\t ! use ( /eel gird]s problems 9 ! /ructural "w ( ca!drals1 palaces1 =tresses & bridges t causes op5-ey$ a/oni%m5t 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,wood c>v+ z se5 9 _m m$ieval *airs1 tables1 & *oir equipm5t is ( design s exquisite & ( f9i% ( detail s arti/ic t x is ! despair ( ! cab9et mak]s ( our age4 ,! beauty ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ne$lework made into *asubles1 copes1 albs1 /oles1 alt> cov]s1--triumphs ( arti/ic excell5ce1 is se5 9 ! typical example ( ! ,cope ( ,ascoli = :i* ,mr4 ,pi]pont ,morgan ab\t t5 ye>s ago1 paid sixty ?\s& doll>s4 ,s high a price 0 paid = ?is ecclesia/ical ve/m5t n because x 0 an antique b because m>vel\s exp]tness 9 artcraft _h giv5 x su* value4 ,be x record$ to ! honor ( ! ,am]ican millionaire1 t he return$ ! treasure to a *ur* 9 ,italy :5 he discov]$ t he _h unkn[+ly b\ght /ol5 prop]ty4 ,( iron-mong]y ( ,dante's "t1 ! au?or ( ! ,?irte5? ! ,greate/ ( ,c5turies writes z foll[s3 ,x is difficult to und]/& h[ "o ( ! village blacksmi?s ( ! "t made a h&some gate t has be5 ! con/ant admiration ( po/]ity ev] s9ce1 or design$ high h+es = doors t arti/s delight to copy1 or locks & lat*es & bolts t are transport$ to our museums to be look$ at ) int]e/ n only because !y are antiques b = ! wond]ful comb9ation ( ! beautiful & ! useful :i* !y illu/rate4 ,! surprise gr[s ! great] :5 we realize t ^! beautiful objects 7 made n only 9 "o place or ev5 9 a few places1 b 9 ne>ly e t[n ( any size 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 ,italy1 ,g]many & ,spa9 at v>i\s times dur+ ! ?irte5? c5tury & t at any "t a t[n ( consid]ably less ?an t5 ?\s& inhabitants seem$ to be able to obta9 among its own inhabitants1 m5 :o c\ld make su* works ( art n z copies nor 9 s]vile imitation ( o!rs1 b ) orig9al ideas ( _! own1 & make !m 9 su* p]fection t 9 _m cases !y h rema9$ ! models = _m c5turies4 ,t is especially true ( ! ?irte5? c5tury glass w9d[s z se51 = example1 9 ! ,ca!drals ( ,york1 ,l9coln1 ,we/m9/]1 ,cant]bury1 ,*>tres1 ,rheims1 & 9 ,notre ,dame & ! ,sa9te ,*apelle1 ,p>is4 ,mod]n art ) all its boa/+ _c beg9 to make any?+ comp>able to t antique glass made & put 9 place by fai? & love long be=e ,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica4 ,!re are t9y bits ( x 9 ?is c\ntry z a result ( ! relic hunt+ ( our soldi]s 9 ! ,_w's ,w>4 ,_m ( !m got a fragm5t ( ! %att]$ glass ( ,rheims1 petrifi$ color deep sky blue1 ruby1 gold5 gre51 & s5t x home to a swee!>t1 a wife or si/] to be m\nt$ on a r+ or set 9 a p94 ,! donors = ! mo/ "p ( ! glass ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ,ca!drals1 7 guilds at t "t4 ,= ! ,ca!dral ( ,*>tres e4g4 ! drap]s & ! furri]s gave five w9d[s1 ! port]s "o1 ! tav]n-keep]s two1 ! bak]s two4 ,9 ,dante's "t glass-mak+ rea*$ its climax & !n ! curve began to decl9e1 until 9 ! eighte5? c5tury & 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury glass-mak+ rea*$ its l[e/ po9t4 ,great z 0 ,dante's day 9 ! effici5cy & education promot$ by ! ,guild sy/em--,dante himself 0 a memb] ( x--! a*ievem5t ( 8 era 9 ar*itecture 0 ! mo/ notable p]haps because :at happ5$ !re epitomizes all t 0 done else:]e & ! nature ( :at 0 accompli%$ is precisely t :i* in=m$ ! :ole body ( m$ieval a*ievem5t4 7,! ,sub/ance ( ,go?ic1 p4 #acg47 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! c5tury t gave bir? to ,dante1 ar*itecture rose to a glory nev] equall$ be=e or aft]4 ,9 ,france alone betwe5 ! ye>s ( #aahj & #abgj eighty great ca!drals & five hundr$ abbey h\ses 7 con/ruct$4 ,x 0 9 ?is c5tury t ,notre ,dame1 ,p>is1 arose1 ! only un-,greek ?+ said ,r4,m4 ,/ev5son1 :i* unites maje/y elegance & awfulness4 ,b x 0 n alone4 ,o!r ,notre ,dames sprung up 9 ,g]many1 ,italy & ,spa94 ,9 ,engl& also1 9 t p]iod !re 7 m ?an tw5ty ca!drals 9 ! c\rse ( con/ruction1 "s ( !m 9 places z small z ,wells1 ^: population nev] exce$$ f\r ?\s&4 ,to look today ^u ,wells ) its facade ( ne>ly ?ree hundr$ /atues1 "o hundr$ & fifty-?ree ( :i* are life size or h]oic & !n to realize t ?is magnific5t poem 9 /one 0 compos$ by villag]s unkn[n to u & unhonor$ & unsung1 is to op5 our eyes to ! wond]s accompli%$ by ! =emo/ age ( ar*itecture4 ,s wond]ful are ^? ca!drals t ,f]guson1 ! /&>d ,engli% au?ority on ,go?ic ar*itecture1 does n hesitate to say2 ,if any "o man 7 to devote a lifetime to ! /udy ( "o ( our great ca!drals1 assum+ x to be complete 9 all its m$ieval arrangem5ts--x is que/ionable :e!r he w\ld ma/] all its details & fa?om all ! reason+s & exp]im5ts :i* l$ to ! result be=e him4 ,& :5 we consid] t n only 9 ! great cities alone1 b 9 e conv5t & 9 e p>i%1 ?\ghtful m5 7 try+ to excel :at _h be5 done & 0 do+ by _! pr$ecessors & _! fell[s1 we %all und]/& :at an am\nt ( ?\ght is built into ! walls ( our *ur*es1 ca/les1 colleges & dwell+ h\ses4 ,my own impression is t n "o-t5? "p ( x has be5 reproduc$ 9 all ! works writt5 on ! subject up to ?is day & mu* ( x is probably lo/ nev] aga9 to be recov]$ = ! in/ruction & delight ( future ages4 ,! irrep>able %att]+ ( ! greate/ ( ^! monum5ts ( ! pa/1 occurr$ 9 our day4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,rheims1 ! cr[n+ p]fection ( ar*itecture hav+ surviv$ ! ravages ( w>s1 ! bruti%ness ( revolutions1 ! smug complac5cy ( re/oration :i* _h /ripp$ x ( its alt>s1 its %r9es & its tombs ( unnumb]$ k+s 0 ! t>get = two ye>s ( ,g]man %ell & %rapnel & today x /&s gaunt & sca!d 9 a circle ( ru94 ,b ev5 9 its ru9 x %[s inf9ite maje/y & if x is left z x is1--& may t be s--= re/oration w\ld only vulg>ize its incomp>able art1 ,rheims w /& z a monum5t bo? to ! ?irte5? c5tury :i* _h made x ! supreme type ( ! ,go?ic ideal to raise m5's s\ls to ,god1 & to ! tw5tie? c5tury aga9/ ^: mat]ialism x 0 an (f5ce & a prote/4 ,! ?ird *>act]i/ic ( ! age ( ,dante is its *ivalry1 :i* plac$ woman on ! highe/ p$e/al %e _h ev] occupi$4 ,9 lit]ature t unique influ5ce is se5 9 a new & an exalt$ conception ( love4 ,love is n[ c\pl$ ) nobility ( life4 ,! tr\bad\rs _h sung ( love z a quality belong+ to g5tle folk1 mean+ by t phrase ! nobility1 & nobility _h be5 def9$ by ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,ii1 patron ( ! tr\bad\rs1 z a comb9ation ( ance/ral weal? & f9e mann]s4 ,9 ! ,banquet 7bk4 ,,iv7 ,dante rejects t def9ition & transf]s nobility f ! social to ! moral ord] hold+ t nobility exi/s :]e virtue dwells4 ,love1 ! fl[]+ ( ?is nobility1 may be f\nd 9 ! he>t ( him ev5 l[e/ 9 ! social scale provid$ t he is a virtu\s man4 ,x is n an affair solely ( g5tle blood4 ,x has no p$igree ( bir? or ri*ness4 ,9 ?is s5se ! true lov] ne$ n be a g5tleman b he mu/ be a g5tle man1 lov+ n by g5teel code ( ca/e b by g5tle code ( "*4 7,j4,b4 ,flet*]3 ,dante p4 #bg47 ,?us ,dante makes ,guido ,gu9icelli say3 ,love & ! g5tle he>t are "o & ! same ?+4 ,& ,dante himself 9 "o ( 8 ,canzoni writes3 ,let no man pr$icate ,t aught ! "n ( g5tleman %\ld h ,ev5 9 a k+'s e/ate ,except ! he>t !re be a g5tle man's4 ,love1 ,!n1 ,became ,9 ,lit]ature ,su* ,a ,ref9$ ,emotion ,t ,to ,quote ,dante3 ,x ,makes ,ill ,?\ght ,to ,p]i%1 ,x ,drives ,into ,f\l ,he>ts ,a ,deadly ,*ill ,& ,on ,! ,o!r ,h& ,x ,fills ,inde$ ,! ,lov] ,) ,su* ,delicacy ,( ,s5tim5t ,= ,8 ,belov$ ,t ,%e ,is ,8 ,inspiration ,to ,virtue ,& ,! ,muse ,:o ,directs ,8 ,p54 ,9 ,h>mony ,) ,! ,sweet ,new ,/yle ,( ,s9c]ity ,) ,:i* ,dante ,treats ,( ,love1 ,?omas ,b]n>t ,de ,v5tadorn ,s+s3 ,x is no wond] if ,i s+ bett] ?an any o!r s+]1 = my he>t draws ne> to ,love & ,i am a bett] man = ,love's comm&4 ,n 9 lit]ature alone b 9 actual life did *ivalry exalt ! et]nal womanly4 ,9 ,dante's age1 to quote ! au?or ( ,phases ( ,?\ght & ,criticism1 ,knights pass$ f l& to l& 9 se>* ( adv5ture1 v[$ to protect & def5d ! wid[ & ! orphan & ! lonely woman at ! haz>d ( _! lives3 !y w5t ab\t ) a pray] on _! lips & 9 _! he>ts ! image ( ! lady-love :om !y _h *os5 to s]ve & to :om !y _h pl$g$ loyalty & fidelity3 !y /rove to be *a/e 9 body & s\l & z a t[] ( /r5g? = ! protection ( ?is _s ( *a/ity1 !y 7 taught to v5]ate ! ,virg9 ,"m ,m>y & cultivate t[>d h] a t5d] devotion z ! pure/ & holie/ ideal ( womanhood4 ,?is _s ( *ivalry is ! rul+ _s ( ,dante's life & ! inspiration ( "s ( 8 sublime/ flights4 ,all ^! high a*ievem5ts ( ,dante's c5tury are all ! m notable 9 view ( ! fact t w> ) its horror & de/ruction 0 nev] abs5t f ^? times4 ,e ,european c\ntry 0 involv$ (t5 9 w> & ,asia & ,africa 7 n free f its deva/ation4 ,9 su* /irr+ times1 ,dante 0 born at ,flor5ce4 ,a city ( fl[]s & gay fe/ivities1 ! home ( a cultur$ pleasure-lov+ p1 x 0 ! frequ5t sc5e ( feuds & factions h&$ d[n f sire to son4 ,! hatr$ !y eng5d]$ & ! desolation !y caus$ may be und]/ood f ! read+ ( ,romeo & ,juliet1 a trag$y ^: sc5e is laid 9 ,v]ona 9 ! ye> #acjc & to ! families conc]n$ 9 :i* ,dante makes allusion 9 ! six? canto ( 8 ,purgatorio4 ,b ,v]ona & ,flor5ce 7 n ! only cities involv$ by ! milit>ism ( ! age4 ,especially 9 nor!rn ,italy 7 /rife & blood%$ common4 ,prov9ce1 city1 t[n1 hamlet & ev5 h\seholds 7 torn by int]nal diss5sions1 :i* only complicat$ ! ma9 conflict ( t day1 viz41 ! _w /ruggle = supremacy ( pope & emp]or4 ,! imp]ial p>ty call$ ,ghibell9es1 compos$ ma9ly ( ari/ocrats & _! foll[]s1 aim$ to break d[n ! b>ri]s :i* kept ! ,g]man ,emp]or out ( ,italy1 _! object be+ to h him subjugate ! :ole c\ntry1 ev5 ! /ates ( ! ,pope4 ,! papal or popul> p>ty1 kn[n z ,guelfs1 _h z its purpose ! indep5d5ce ( ,italy--! fre$om & alliance ( ! great cities ( ! nor? ( ,italy & dep5d5ce ( ! c5t] & s\!rn p>ts on ! ,roman ,see4 ,a few mon?s aft] ,dante's dea?1 ! ,ghibell9es1 ! imp]ial p>ty1 suff]$ a defeat by ! ov]?r[ ( ,k+ ,manfr$ f :i* !y nev] recov]$4 ,b 9 ,flor5ce = _m ye>s !y ma9ta9$ _! /ruggle4 ,to add to ! confusion ( ! ,flor5t9es ^: sympa?y 0 mo/ly ,guelf--i4e4 favorable to ! papal or popul> cause--! ,guelf p>ty ( ,flor5ce 0 divid$ into two factions1 ! ,bian*i & ! ,n]i1 ! hi/ory ( ^: tumults (t5 lead+ to blood & mis*ief may be kn[n by ! frequ5t allusions ( our poet4 ,embroil$ by ^? feuds1 ,dante is f\nd n only z a prior among ! rul+ ,bian*i b z a soldi] "u arms at ! battle ( ,campald9o & at ! siege ( ,caprona4 ,lat] :5 ! ,n]i 7 re/or$ to p[]1 ,dante 0 bani%$ & nev] aga9 beheld 8 belov$ city4 ,9 exile ,dante transf]r$ 8 allegiance to ! ,ghibell9es ?\gh he upheld ! ,guelf view z to ! primacy ( ! ,*ur*4 ,subsequ5tly he tri$1 b 9 va91 to =m a p>ty indep5d5t ( ,guelf1 ,ghibell9e1 ,bian*i or ,n]i4 ,may ,i conclude ?is *apt] by giv+ y ano!r view ( ,dante's environm5t8 ,to po9t out ! deg5]acy ( ,flor5ce1 ,dante becomes a laudator acti temporis 9 a picture ( ! e>li] ,flor5ce t has nev] be5 equall$4 ,flor5ce 0 abid+ 9 peace1 sob] & mode/4 ,%e _h n necklace or coronal or wom5 ) ornam5t$ %oes or girdle :i* 0 m to be look$ at ?an ! p]son4 ,nor yet did ! daught] at h] bir? give fe> to h] fa!r1 = ! "t & d[ry did n outrun measure on ?is or t side4 ,%e _h n h\ses empty ( families4 ,i saw ,bell5cion ,b]ti g girt ) lea!r & bone & 8 lady come f ! mirror ) unpa9t$ face4 ,i saw him ( ! ,n]lo & him ( ! ,vec*io satisfi$ ) unl9$ sk9 & _! ladies ) ! sp9dle & ! di/aff4 ,o6 =tunate wom51 ea* 0 sure ( h] burial place 7,p>adiso ,,iv1 #ig74 ,b "t *ang$ all t4 ,) h] population va/ly increas$ 9 ,dante's day & h] comm]ce on all seas & on e road & h] bank+ sy/em controll+ ! m>kets ( ,europe & ! ,ea/1 ,flor5ce _h become su* a mighty city t ,pope ,boniface ,,viii c\ld say to ! ,flor5t9e embassy :o came to ,rome to take "p 9 ! ,jubilee ( #acjj3 ,flor5ce is ! greate/ ( cities4 ,%e fe$s1 clo!s1 gov]ns u all4 ,inde$ %e appe>s to rule ! _w4 ,%e & h] p are1 9 tru?1 ! fif? elem5t ( ! univ]se4 7,! ,guilds ( ,flor5ce1 p4 #efb47 ,su* greatness 0 atta9$ accord+ to ,dante only at ! loss ( pri/9e simplicity & virtue4 ,s he apo/rophizes 8 native city3 ,rejoice ,o ,flor5ce1 s9ce ?\ art s mighty t ?\ can/ spread ?y w+s ov] sea & l& & ?y "n is kn[n ?r\gh\t ,hell4 ,notori\s = crime ,flor5ce /ill kept a big place 9 h] life = religion4 ,!re religion 0 abus$ b its b5eficial effects cont9u$ to be manife/--vice 0 flagrant b x nev] lo/ ! s5se ( %ame--m5 7 cruel b _! cruelty 0 foll[$ by s9c]e regrets--mis=tunes 7 frequ5t & signal b !y 7 accept$ ) resignation or ) ! hope ( retrieval or m5 glori$ 9 !m on acc\nt ( ! cause 9 :i* !y suff]$4 7,bro!r ,az>ias47 ,&1 mean:ile1 side by side ) fi]ce & bloody /ruggles ! creative =ces ( art & ar*itecture 7 mak+ m>vel\s progress be=e ! v eyes ( ,dante4 ,niccolo ,pisano _h f9i%$ 8 ,si5na pulpit & ) 8 son 0 engag$ on 8 immortal works ( sculpture4 ,orcagna _h made a wond]ful tab]nacle = ! ,flor5t9e *ur* ( ,san ,mi*ele1 ,cimabue _h pa9t$ ! ,madonna :i* is n[ 9 ! ,rucellai *apel4 ,giotto _h complet$ 8 "w at ,assisi & ,rome & w\ld soon give to ! _w ! ,flor5t9e ,campanile4 ,fra ,si/o & ,fra ,ri/oro _h built ! *ur* ,santa ,m>ia ,novella at ,flor5ce & ,arnolfo di ,cambio1 :ile ,dante 0 writ+ sonnets1 _h begun ! duomo or ca!dral ( ,santa ,m>ia del ,fiore4 ,! /\t walls & l(ty t[] ( ! ,b>gello _h sprung into beaute\s be+4 ,santa ,croce de/9$ to be ! burial place ( illu/ri\s ,italians1 _h be5 built & rema9s today "o ( ,flor5ce's greate/ *ur*es4 ,/4 ,john's ,bapti/ry1 il mio bel ,giovanni1 _h receiv$ its ext]nal fac+ ( m>ble1 & 9 t5 ye>s aft] ,dante's dea? w\ld get its massive bronze doors :i* are unp>allel$ 9 ! _w4 ,! c5tury clos$ ) ! op5+ ( ! great ,jubilee at ,rome4 ,m>* tw5ty-fif? ( ! foll[+ ye>1 #acjj1 ,dante places z ! "t = 8 j\rney ?r\gh ! realms ( ! unse5--! /ory ( :i* is told 9 ! ,div9a ,comm$ia4 ,if sympa?y ) ,dante & 8 "w is n ar\s$ already1 p]haps ^! two quotations may quick5 y\r int]e/4 ,*>les ,elliot ,norton writes3 ,!re are few o!r works ( man1 p]haps !re is no o!r1 :i* af=ds su* evid5ce z ! ,div9e ,com$y1 ( un9t]rupt$ consi/5cy ( purpose1 ( su/a9$ vigor ( imag9ation1 & ( /eady =ce ( "* controll+ alike ! vag>ies ( ! poetic temp]am5t1 ! wav]+ ( human purpose1 ! fluctuation ( human p[]s1 ! unt[>dness ( circum/ances4 ,f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( 8 "w ( _m ye>s !re is no flagg+ ( en]gy1 no indication ( weakness4 ,! %\ld]s burd5$ by a task almo/ too great = mortal /r5g?1 nev] tremble "u _! load4 ,& ,dr4 ,frank ,crane1 a =emo/ writ] ( ! syndicate press1 says ,i h put a good deal ( h>d labor digg+ into ,dante & :ile ,i _c say t ,i ev] got f him any direct usable mat]ial1 yet ,i no m regret my h\rs sp5t ) him ?an ,i regret ! beautiful l&scapes ,i h se51 ! great music ,i h he>d1 ! wise & noble s\ls ,i h met1 ! wondr\s dreams ,i h _h4 ,^! are all a "p ( "o's education1 ( "o's equipm5t = life & p]haps ! be/ "p4 ,,dante ,,! ,,man ,,dante ,,! ,,man ,fifty-five ye>s ago :5 call$ on = a poem to celebrate ! six? hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ,dante's bir?1 ,t5nyson1 feel+ 8 own littl5ess be=e ?is c5tral man ( all ! _w1 wrote3 ,k+1 t has reign$ six hundr$ ye>s & gr[n ,9 p[] & ev] gr[e/ ,i1 we>+ b ! g>l& ( a day1 ,ca/ at ?y feet "o fl[] t fades away4 ,new tributes to ! g5ius ( ,dante w be (f]$ by our g5]ation1 = already great prep>ations are "u way 9 all p>ts ( ,italy & ! lit]>y _w to commemorate 9 #aiba1 ! six hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ! dea? ( ! au?or ( ! greate/ ( all ,*ri/ian poems4 ,! "q naturally sugge/s itself3 ,has n ! _w mov$ =w>d _m c5turies f ,dante's viewpo9t & lo/ int]e/ 9 _m ?+s reg>d$ z tru?s or at lea/ z burn+ issues by ,dante8 ,:o is n[ conc]n$ ) ! ,ptolomaic sy/em ( a/ronomy1 :i* is s (t5 ! subject ( ,dante's ?\ght8 ,:o is n[ int]e/$ 9 ! tragic jeal\sies & inju/ices suff]$ by ! p ( ,flor5ce :i* l$ to ! bitt] feuds t help$ to make ,dante ! great poet8 ,:o1 9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury s int5t ^u mak+ ! _w safe = democracy1 has sympa?y ) ,dante's advocat$ s*eme ( a _w-wide absolute mon>*y z ! cure = ! ills ( ! society ( 8 day8 ,is ?is g5]ation :i* sees ,italy unit$ z a result ( ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,papal /ates1 s univ]sally conc]n$ ) ,papal claims :i* 7 matt]s ( vital importance to ,dante & 8 g5]ation8 ,is our era1 :i* un=tunately looks ^u religion z a negligible factor & n z ! animat+ pr9ciple ( life1 int]e/$ 9 ! gold5 age ( fai? ( :i* ,dante is ! embodim5t1 & 8 message 9 :i* ! et]nal is ! object8 ,yet1 ,dante's foll[+ is today l>g] ?an ev] be=e2 8 empire ov] m9ds & he>ts is m ext5sive4 ,! mov+ pictures feature 8 ,inf]no2 ! press issues1 ev5 9 languages n 8 own1 su* a mass ( books & articles conc]n+ him t a speciali/ c h>dly keep track ( ! output4 ,9 ! univ]sities1 especially ( ,h>v>d1 ,cornell & ,columbia1 n to speak ( ^? 9 o!r l&s1 ! c\rses on ,dante attract an unusually l>ge numb] ( /ud5ts4 ,outside ( ! academic atmosph]e !re are ?\s&s ( read]s :o /ill f9d 9 8 writ+s1 a solace 9 grief1 a /r5g? 9 temptation1 a deep s5se ( reality1 p]man5t ?\gh unse51 ( ! love ( ,god & ( ,8 ju/ice4 ,! reasons are n f> away4 ,our poet1 says ,gr&g5t 0 a _m sid$ g5ius :o has a message = ne>ly ev]yone4 ,dante's compell+ r5[n among u1 is due says ,dr4 ,frank ,crane bo? to ! intr9sic greatness ( ! man's p]sonality & to ! %e] beauty ( 8 craftsman%ip4 ,! secret ( ,dante's p[] writes ,james ,russell ,l[ell is n f> to seek4 ,:oev] c express himself ) ! full =ce ( unconsci\s s9c]ity w be f\nd to h utt]$ some?+ ideal & univ]sal4 ,:e!r "o or all ^! reasons are ! true explanation ( ! tw5tie? c5tury's great int]e/ 9 ,dante1 ! fact rema9s1 z ,t5nyson said1 t f> f be+ a wan+ classic1 ,dante 9 p[] ev] gr[s1 & ! int]e/ he calls =? con/itutes1 z ,james ,bryce obs]v$ 9 8 ,l[ell ,in/itute lectures ! lit]>y ph5om5on ( ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,n[ to ,dante z ! man let u turn4 ,to "k ! fibre ( 8 manhood w help u to appreciate ! g5ius ( 8 art4 ,x is ne$ful to "k ,dante z man wrote ,*>les ,elliot ,norton1 9 ord] fully to appreciate him z poet4 ,! ?\ght is express$ 9 ano!r way by ,james ,russell ,l[ell3 ,! man beh9d ! v]se is f> great] ?an ! v]se itself & ,dante is n m]ely a great poet b an influ5ce1 "p ( ! s\l's res\rces 9 "t ( tr\ble4 ,f him ! s\l le>ns t 'm>ri$ to ! tru? %e is a mi/ress b o!rwise a slave %ut out ( all lib]ty' 7,! ,banquet74 ,b t k is dep5d5t ^u our intimacy ) ! life & _s ( ,dante4 ,9 _m o!r cases ! k ( ! life & p]sonality ( an au?or may n be ess5tial to ei!r our enjoym5t or our und]/&+ ( 8 "w4 ,9 ! case ( ,dante he faces 8 own mirror & s appe>s 9 ! mid-=egr\nd ( 8 reflect$ ^w4 ,be=e look+ into t mirror = ,dante's picture1 let u fir/ recall "s ( ! e/abli%$ facts 9 8 life & !n see :at mann] ( man he appe>$ to ^? :o 7 8 contempor>ies or :o liv$ *ronologically ne> him4 ,dante 0 born 9 ,flor5ce 9 ! ye> #abfe4 ,8 fa!r 0 a not>y belong+ to an old b decad5t ,guelph family1 8 "m1 nam$ ,bella1 0 a daught] ( ,durante ,abati1 a ,ghibell9e noble4 ,:e!r 8 own family 0 reg>d$ among ! fir/ families ( nobility or n1 x is c]ta9 t ,dante enjoy$ ! honor ( kn[+ t "o ( 8 =ebe>s1 ,cacciaguida1 _h be5 knight$ by ,emp]or ,conrad ,,ii on ! ,second ,crusade4 ,precoci\s ,dante mu/ h be51 z a boy1 ) faculties & emotions extraord9>ily develop$1 = 9 8 n9? ye>1 :ile att5d+ a fe/al p>ty1 he fell 9 love ) a little girl nam$ ,beatrice ,port9>i1 eight ye>s old4 ,al?\gh /ill a *ild to quote ,boccaccio 8 e>lie/ biograph] he receiv$ h] image into 8 he>t ) su* affection t f t day =w>d nev] s long z he liv$1 did x dep>t !refrom4 ,%e became ! wife ( ,simone dei ,b>di1 & di$ 9 h] tw5ty-f\r? ye>1 ! subject ( _m sonnets f h] my/ic lov] :o1 if he _h nev] writt5 any?+ else1 w\ld h be5 entitl$1 by 8 book ( sonnets1 8 ,new ,life1 to rank z a poet ( ! fir/ class4 ,two ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,beatrice1 ,dante m>ri$ ,gemma ,donati1 a memb] ( an old ari/ocratic family ( ,flor5ce & by h] _h f\r *ildr54 ,9 ! p]iod betwe5 ! dea? ( ,beatrice & 8 m>riage he _h se5 milit>y s]vice1 hav+ borne arms z a ,guelph at ! battle ( ,campald9o 7,purg4 ,v1 #ia-abi7 9 :i* ! ,flor5t9es defeat$ ! ,ghibell9e league ( ,arezzo & he took "p at ! siege ( ,caprona & 0 pres5t at its surr5d] by ! ,pisans 7,inf41 ,,xxi1 #ie47 ,:5 he 0 ?irty ye>s old he became a memb] ( ! ,special ,c\ncil ( ! ,republic1 consi/+ ( eight ( ! be/ & mo/ influ5tial citiz5s & 9 #acjj1 at ! age ( ?irty-five1 midway 9 ! j\rney ( 8 life1 he 0 elect$ "o ( ! six ,priors 7*ief magi/rates ( 8 city7 = ! mon?s ( ,june & ,july4 ,%ortly aft] ?is ,dante ) ?ree o!rs w5t to ,rome on an embassy to ,pope ,boniface ,,viii to get t pontiff's veto to ! int]v5tion ( ,*>les de ,valois1 bro!r ( ,philip ,,iv ( ,france1 9 ! affairs ( ,flor5ce4 ,b !re 0 delay 9 ! transaction ( ! bus9ess & t gave ! /rang] "t to w9 ! city by trea*]y4 ,:5 ! news rea*$ ,dante1 he hurri$ homew>d4 ,at ,si5na he le>n$ t 8 h\se _h be5 pillag$ & burn$ & he himself _h be5 accus$ ( malfeasance 9 (fice4 ,)\t a trial he 0 condemn$ to a heavy f9e & to p]petual bani%m5t "u p5alty t if he return$ he w\ld be burn$ alive4 ,!n began 8 tw5ty ye>s' exile--ye>s 9 :i* he w5t sometimes almo/ begg+ & at all times ev5 :5 he 0 an honor$ gue/ 9 ! home ( nobility--kn[+ z only an exile c "k h[ bitt] is ! bread ( dep5d5ce & h[ /eep ! /rang]'s /airs4 ,x 0 dur+ 8 exile t ,dante complet$ 8 immortal ,div9a ,comm$ia1 ! *ild ( 8 ?\ght cradl$ into poetry by wrong4 ,dante nev] aga9 saw ,flor5ce = :i* he ye>n$ ) all ! int5sity ( ! ,hebrew captives weep+ on ! riv]s ( ,babylon = a sight ( ,j]usalem4 ,dea? came to free 8 undaunt$ s\l 9 ! ye> #acba :ile he 0 a gue/ at ,rav5na ( ,guido ,novello da ,pol5ta1 a nephew ( ,francesca da ,rim9i4 ,at ,rav5na ! la/ seat ( ,roman arts & lett]s1 9 a sepul*re atta*$ to ! conv5t ( ! ,franciscan monks1 he 0 buri$ ) ! honors due to a sa9t & a sage4 ,! inscription on 8 epitaph said to h be5 compos$ by him on 8 dea?b$1 is p>aphras$ by ,l[ell 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,! rights ( ,mon>*y1 ! ,heav5s1 ! /ream ( ,fire1 ! ,pit ,9 vision se51 ,i sang z f> z to ! ,fates seem$ fit4 ,b s9ce my s\l1 an ali5 "h1 ha? fl[n to nobl] w>s1 ,& happi] n[1 ha? gone to seek its ,mak] ) ! />s1 ,"h am ,i1 ,dante1 %ut1 exil$ f ! ance/ral %ore ,:om ,flor5ce1 ! faire/ ( all-lea/-lov+ mo!rs1 bore4 ,su* is ! brief outl9e ( ! outw>d life ( him ( :om ,mi*elangelo decl>$3 ,ne'er walk$ ! e>? a great] man ?an he4 ,x w help u to a bett] und]/&+ ( t man if 8 lik5ess is impress$ ^u our memory4 ,! portrait made by 8 fri5d ,giotto1 %[s him z a "y man p]haps ( tw5ty to tw5ty-five ye>s1 ) a face noble1 be>dless1 /rong1 intellig5t & p5sive--a face :i* w\ld n lead "o to suspect an appreciation ( humor4 ,yet writ]s f9d two di/9ct =ms ( t quality--a playfulness 9 8 eclogues & a grotesqu5ess 9 c]ta9 ( 8 assignm5ts to puni%m5ts 9 ,hell4 ,contra/+ ) ?is picture ( 8 e>ly life is ! face ( 8 dea? mask & ( ! ,naples bu/1 sugge/+ ! l9es ,h[ /]n ( l9eam5t1 h[ grim ,! fa!r 0 ( ,tuscan song4 ,"h we see him mature ) /r5g? ( "* 9 e feature & a s]i\sness ( mi5 :i* %[s a man ) :om "o might n take lib]ties4 ,x 0 ( ,dante 9 mature life t ,boccaccio wrote3 ,our poet 0 ( mod]ate height & aft] rea*+ maturity 0 accu/om$ to walk some:at b[$ ) a sl[ & g5tle pace1 clad always 9 su* sob] dress z befitt$ 8 ripe ye>s4 ,8 face 0 long1 8 nose aquil9e & 8 eyes r l>ge ?an small4 ,8 jaws 7 l>ge & 8 l[] lip protrud$ beyond ! upp]4 ,8 complexion 0 d>k & 8 expression v melan*oly & ?\ghtful4 ,8 mann]s1 :e!r 9 public or at home1 7 wond]ful1 compos$ & re/ra9$1 & 9 all ways he 0 m c\rte\s & civil ?an any "o else4 ,bruni1 on ! o!r h&1 :o wrote a c5tury lat] describes ,dante z if he _h 9 m9d ,giotto's fresco ( ! poet4 ,?is is ,bruni's ^w-picture3 ,he 0 a man ( great ref9em5t1 ( m$ium height & a pleasant b deeply s]i\s face4 ,x 0 rem>kable t al?\gh he /udi$ incessantly1 none w\ld h suppos$ f 8 happy mann] & y\?ful way ( speak+ t he _h /udi$ at all4 ,h[ev] well ^! pictures may visualize ! poet = u1 ,i _c help ?9k+ t ,dante himself1 aft] ! mann] ( great arti/s :o pa9t _! own pictures1 gives u a f> bett] portrait ( himself4 ,:at we "k ( him f o!rs is z no?+ comp>$ to ! revelation he has made ( himself 9 8 writ+s4 ,=1 z ,dr4 ,zahm1 9 8 ,great ,inspir]s1 has said3 ,dante1 al?\gh ! mo/ conceal+ ( m5 01 p>adoxical z x may seem1 ! mo/ self-reveal+4 ,! indirect record] ( 8 own life1 he discloses to u an intimate view ( 8 spiritual /ruggles1 ( ! motives :i* actuat$ him1 ( ! passions he exp]i5c$1 n to speak ( ! judgm5ts he =m$ ^u all great que/ions4 ,s true is ?is t if x 7 possible to meet him1 we %\ld feel t he 0 an intimate fri5d :o _h nev] conceal$ any?+ f u--:o _h disc\rs$ ) u on all subjects2 sci5ce1 lit]ature1 philosophy1 !ology1 love1 poetry1 happ9ess1 ! _w to come & all t ( :i* x mo/ imports u to h accurate k4 ,let u !n see ! man z reflect$ 9 8 writ+s4 ,fir/ ( all he reveals himself z a man pr(\ndly animat$ by religion4 ,he is n a ,huysmanns or a ,franois ,coppe1 a ,bruneti]e1 a ,paul ,b\rget1 =sak+ ! religi\s tea*+s ( 8 y\? only to embrace !m 9 mature life4 ,nev] = a mom5t did he deflect f ! ,ca?olic doctr9e1 ?\gh 8 /udies l$ him to ! consid]ation ( ! mo/ subtle argum5ts rais$ aga9/ x4 ,he 0 inde$ ! def5d] & *ampion ( fai?1 hav+ no sympa?y = a m9d :i* w\ld lose itself 9 seek+ ! solution ( ! incompreh5sible my/]ies ( religion4 ,s he has ,virgil say3 ,ins5sate he :o ?9ks ) mortal k5 ,to pi]ce ,inf9itude :i* do? enfold ,?ree p]sons 9 "o sub/ance4 ,seek n1 !n1 ,o ,mortal race1 = reasons1 b believe ,& be cont5t1 = _h all be5 se5 ,no ne$ !re 0 = ,m>y to conceive4 ,m5 h ye kn[n :o ?us desir$ 9 va9 ,& ^: desires1 t might at re/ h be51 ,n[ con/itute a s\rce ( endless pa94 ,plato1 ! ,/ag]ite1 & _m m ,i "h allude to4 ,!n 8 head he b5t1 ,0 sil5t & a tr\bl$ aspect wore4 7,purg41 ,,iii1 #cd47 ,guid$ by ! wisdom he ?us enunciat$ ,dante f y\? to dea? ma9ta9$ a *ild-l fai? t satisfi$ 8 intellect & animat$ 8 s5tim5ts4 ,8 fai? really grew into a passion4 ,8 fidelity to ! tru? ( ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* or to ! sacr$ (fices ( ! papacy 0 nev] %ak5 ei!r by ! sc&als ( cl]ical life or ! opposition ( diff]5t popes to 8 political ideals4 ,frequ5tly he rais$ 8 voice 9 prote/ yet1 not)/&+ 8 c5sures aga9/ :at he consid]$ abuses 9 ! ext]nal adm9i/ration ( ! ,*ur* & ! policy ( h] popes1 on 8 "p !re 0 n ! lea/ suspicion ( unsettl$ fai? or revolution>y design4 ,/rongly conv9c$ ( ! div9ity ( ! ,*ur*1 8 passionate nature c\ld n help execrat+ ! human elem5t t w\ld weak5 h] influ5ce4 ,he tea*es t ! my/ical ,v9e ( ! ,*ur* /ill gr[s & ,pet] & ,paul :o di$ = x1 /ill live4 ,he holds by t ,*ur*4 ,he begs ,*ri/ians n to be mov$ fea!r-l by e w9d ( doctr9e4 ',y h' he tells !m '! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new4 ,! ,pa/or ( ! ,*ur* guides y1 let ?is suffice = y\r salvation' 7,bro!r ,az>ias74 ,9 8 devotional life ,dante is j z ard5t z he is firm 9 8 adh]5ce to dogma4 ,:ile all ,ca?olics are held to pr(ess a common cre$1 ea* may foll[ ! b5t ( 8 disposition & sympa?y 9 pi\s practices1 !ologically call$ devotions4 ,x seems to me t ,dante _h ?ree su* devotions :i* he practis$ int5sely 9 8 inn] life4 ,fir/1 devotion to ! sacr$ ,humanity ( ,*ri/4 ,9 elev5 places does he speak at l5g? ( ,*ri/'s two-fold nature z ,god & ,man2 9 t5 places does he ref] to ,*ri/ z ! ,second ,p]son ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity1 & :]ev] ,cri/o occurs at ! end ( a l9e1 ,dante out ( rev]5ce = ! ,sacr$ ,p]son does n rime ) x1 b repeats ! "n itself4 ,! climax ( ! ,purgatorio is ! app>ition ( ! ,griff91 ! symbol ( ,*ri/4 ,fur!r1 on ! /ell> :ite cross ( r$-gl[+ ,m>s ! poet %[s ! figure ( ! ,r$eem]4 ,9 ! ,empyrean ,*ri/ is repres5t$ 9 ! unveil$ glory ( ,8 human & div9e natures4 ,s tea*+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation mo/ cle>ly & mo/ ard5tly ,dante seeks to promote ?is cultus z ! s\l ( ! ,ca?olic religion4 ,dante's second special devotion is to ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,8 ,p>adiso conta9s ! be/ treatise on ,m>iology4 ,! :ole ,div9e ,com$y inde$ is ! poet's lov+ te/imonial ( gratitude to ! ,madonna4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ,m>y t 8 vision>y voyage to ! o!r _w 0 made possible4 ,%e rescu$ him :5 he 0 enslav$ by s9 & s5t z 8 successive guides ,virgil1 ,beatrice & ,/4 ,b]n>d4 ,%e ( all creatures is proclaim$ on e t]race ( ,purgatory fir/ 9 virtue & highe/ 9 dignity & h] example is exhibit$ z an unfail+ s\rce ( inspiration to ! ,s\ls1 to endure suff]+ *e]fully & to make !mselves1 l h]1 ! exempl>s ( goodness 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,9 ,p>adiso %e is se5 by ! poet 9 all h] unspeakable lovel9ess & beatitude & z ,que5 ( ,angels & ( ,sa9ts h] int]cession is favorably invok$ t ,dante might enjoy ! ,vision ( ,god himself4 ,9 ! la/ canto ( ! poem h] sup]-em95ce & incomp>able excell5ce are sung ) a sweetness ( expression1 a dep? ( philosophy & a t5d]ness ( feel+ t h nev] be5 surpass$ 9 human language4 ,?\ ,virg9 ,"m1 daught] ( ?y ,son1 ,humble & high beyond all o!r creatures1 ,! limit fix$ ( ! et]nal c\nsel2 ,?\ art ! "o :o su* nobility ,to human nature gave t its ,creator ,did n disda9 to make ,himself its creature4 ,)9 ?y womb rek9dl$ 0 ! love ,by heat ( :i* 9 ! et]nal peace1 ,aft] su* wise1 ?is fl[] 0 g]m9at$4 ,"h unto u ?\ art a noonday tor* ,( *>ity1 & bel[ !re among mortals ,?\ art ! liv+ f\nta9head ( hope4 ,lady1 ?\ art s great & s prevail+1 ,t he :o wi%es grace nor runs to !e1 ,8 aspirations )\t w+s w\ld fly4 ,n only ?y b5ignity gives succor ,to him :o aske? x1 b (t5times ,=]unne? ( its own accord ! ask+4 ,9 !e compassion is1 9 !e is pity1 ,9 !e magnific5ce2 9 !e unites ,:atev] ( goodness is 9 any creature4 ,! ?ird private devotion ( ,dante is devotion to ! ,s\ls 9 ,purgatory--a pi\s practice f\nd$ ^u ! scriptural words3 ,x is a holy & a :olesome ?\ght to pray = ! dead t !y may be loos$ f _! s9s4 ,n only does ,dante answ] ! objection rais$ z to ! efficacy ( pray] (f]$ = ! s\ls 9 ,purgatory 7,,vi1 #bh7 b 9 _m passages he promises 8 own pray]s & works & seeks to ar\se 9 o!rs on e>? a helpful sympa?y = ^? s\ls4 ,truly he says1 we ought to help !m to wa% away _! /a9s :i* !y h borne h5ce1 s t1 pure & light1 !y may g =? to ! />ry sph]es1 7,purg4 ,,vi1 #cd47 ,to sum up ,dante's atta*m5t to 8 religion we c truly say n only 8 life b 8 great poem radiates ! _s & doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*4 ,hett+] says ( ,dante3 ,9 tru? he anticipat$ ! mo/ pregnant developm5ts ( ,ca?olic doctr9e1 ma/]$ its subtle/ di/9ctions & treat$ its h>de/ problems ) almo/ faultless accuracy4 ,7 all ! libr>ies 9 ! _w de/roy$ & ! ,sacr$ ,scripture ) !m1 ! :ole ,ca?olic sy/em ( doctr9e & morals might be almo/ recon/ruct$ out ( ! ,div9a ,comm$ia4 ,int5sity1 inde$1 is ! *>act]i/ic ( ,dante's spiritual life4 ,9 br++ t quality to 8 fai? & religi\s practice he 0 only manife/+ ! op]ation ( ! dom9at+ quality :i* regulat$ 8 :ole life & %ap$ all 8 m5tal & emotional habits4 ,! realm ( 8 ?\ght & feel+ 0 truly ! l& ( ! /r5u\s life4 ,hav+ once set out to say ( ,beatrice :at _h nev] be5 said ( any woman1 ,dante appli$ himself to 8 prodigi\s task ) a consi/5cy ( purpose t 0 unmov$ by p]secution & un%ak5 by "t4 ,9 all ! ye>s t he sp5t 9 ! composition ( ! ,div9a ,comm$ia !re 0 no flagg+ ( int]e/1 no indication ( weakness4 ,no "o ev] appli$ himself ) m complete absorption or ) great] p[] ( unfalt]+ conc5tration1 j z no "o ev] felt m deeply ! outrage\s arr[s ( =tune or ! transc5d5t supremacy ( love4 ,x is precisely because ( ?is int5sity t 8 ?\ghts & feel+s affect u s pr(\ndly six c5turies lat]4 ,int5se 9 8 own life ,dante _h no sympa?y ) slack]s or ! lukew>m :om he *>act]izes z nev] hav+ be5 alive1 i4e4 ( nev] hav+ awak5$ to responsibility to take "p 9 good or evil4 ,z a consequ5ce !y nev] contribut$ any?+ to society4 ,because 9 ?is life !y %ift$ f "o side to ano!r1 !y are n[ depict$ runn+ p]petually aft] an aimlessly dodg+ bann]4 ,"h is ! description ( ! puni%m5t ( ! lukew>m3 ,n[ sighs1 cries1 & %rill %rieks rang ?r\gh ! />less air3 ,:]eat at fir/ ,i began to weep1 /range tongues1 hurri$ spee*1 words ( pa91 acc5ts ( wra?1 voices l\d & weak1 & ! s\nd ( h&s accompany+ !m1 made a tumult :i* revolves =ev] 9 t air endlessly d>k1 l s&s bl[+ be=e a :irlw9d4 ,& ,i1 ^: head 0 hood$ ) horror1 exclaim$3 ',ma/]1 :at is x ,i he>8 ,:at k9d ( p is x t seems s vanqui%$ by grief8 ,& he repli$3 ',?is is ! mis]able way foll[$ by ! sorry s\ls ( ^? :o liv$ )\t infamy & )\t glory4 ,!y are m+l$ ) ! mean *oir ( ^? angels :o 7 n rebels & 7 n fai?ful to ,god1 b 7 = !mselves4 ,heav5 ca/ !m out le/ its beauty %\ld be spoil$2 & deep ,hell w n receive !m1 because ! damn$ might d]ive "s satisfaction f !m4' ',ma/]1' ,i said1 ':at is s griev\s to !m :i* makes !m compla9 s l\d8' ',i %all tell !e "r briefly' he answ]$4 ',^! p h no hope ( dea? & _! bl9d life's s vile t !y are envi\s ( any o!r lot4 ,! _w all[s no report ( !m to la/3 m]cy & ju/ice disda9 !m4 ,let u n speak ( !m b look & pass by6' ,& ,i1 look+1 saw a bann] :i* ran circl+ s swift t x seem$ scornful ( all re/3 & aft] x !re came trail+ su* a long tra9 ( p t ,i %\ld nev] h ?\ght dea? _h undone s _m4 ,:5 ,i _h made out "o or two ( !m ,i saw & recogniz$ ! %ade ( him :o1 = c[>dice1 made ! great refusal4 ,=?) ,i und]/ood & 0 conv9c$ t ?is 0 ! sect ( poltroons1 obnoxi\s bo? to ,god & to ,god's enemies4 ,^! luckless creatures :o nev] _h be5 really alive1 7 nak$ & badly /ung by flies & wasps :i* 7 !re4 ,^! insects /reak$ _! faces ) blood :i*1 mix$ ) te>s1 0 caught by disgu/+ worms at _! feet-- 7,inf]no ,,iii1 #cc4 ,gr&g5t's translation47 ,9 read+ t description ( ! puni%m5t ( ! lukew>m1 "o _c fail to obs]ve t n "o is call$ by "n4 ,because !y liv$ )\t infamy & )\t glory _! "n des]ves to be lo/ =ev] to ! _w4 ,( ! r5[n ( ,dante's own "n our poet has no misgiv+s4 ,he reveals himself z a man hav+ supreme confid5ce 9 8 own p[]s4 ,boccaccio repres5ts him z say+ :5 he 0 ) 8 p>ty at ! head ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! republic ( ,flor5ce1 & :5 !re 0 "q ( s5d+ him on an embassy to ,rome1 ,if ,i g1 :o /ays8 ,& if ,i /ay1 :o goes8 ,z if he alone1 is ! comm5t ( ,boccaccio1 0 wor? among !m all1 & z if ! o!rs 7 no?+ wor? except ?r\gh him4 ,x is c]ta9 t ,dante put a high valuation ^u 8 g5ius1 an e/imate due1 p]haps1 to ! belief he held1 l ,napoleon1 9 ! pot5cy ( 8 />4 ,he 0 born "u ! con/ellation ( ! ,gem9i & to !m 9 gratitude = 8 self-recogniz$ tal5t he gives praise3 ,o glori\s />s1 ,o light impregnat$ ,) mighty virtue1 f :i* ,i ackn[l$ge ,all ( my g5ius :atso'er x be1 ,) y 0 born1 & hid himself ) y1 ,he :o is fa!r ( all mortal life1 ,:5 fir/ ,i ta/$ ( ! ,tuscan air4 7,p>4 ,,xxii1 #aab7 ,c]ta9 x is t ,dante act$ on ! c\nsel :i*1 address$ to himself1 he puts into ! m\? ( 8 belov$ tea*]1 ,brunetto ,lat9i1 ,foll[ ?y /> & ?\ cans't n miss ! glori\s port4 7,inf41 ,,xv1 #ee47 ,9 ,purgatorio ,dante says3 ,my "n z yet m>ks no great s\nd1 b he boa/s t he w surpass 9 fame ! ,guidos1 writ]s ( v]se3 ,p]*ance "s "o is already born :o w drive bo? f out ! ne/4 ,he is s sure t po/]ity w conf] immortality ^u 8 "w t he does n hesitate to make himself six? among ! greate/ writ]s ( ! _w4 ,?is passage occurs :5 he ent]s ,limbus accompani$ by ,virgil to :om a gr\p ( spirits1 ,hom]1 ,horace1 ,ovid1 & ,lucan1 make salutation4 7,inf41 ,,iv1 #gf47 ,po/]ity has be/[$ great] r5[n on ,dante's "n ?an ev5 he presum$ to hope1 = x has plac$ him 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,lett]s ) only "o ( ! writ]s ( antiquity1 ,hom]1 & ) two subsequ5t writ]s1 ,c]vantes & ,%akespe>e4 ,naturally we ?9k t a writ] :o 0 s positively confid5t & boa/ful ( 8 p[]s mu/ h be5 giv5 to pride & ,dante inde$ pla9ly indicates to u t he 0 guilty ( ?is4 ,b x 0 pride1 we ?9k1 t 0 honorable & n a vice1 a pride ( :i* a less] light1 ,lacordaire says1 ,by ! grace ( ,god1 ,i abhor m$iocrity4 ,9 ! d>k wood ,dante repres5ts ! ,lion 7,pride7 z prev5t+ him f asc5d+ ! m\nta9--,he seem$ to be com+ to me ) head upre>$ & ) su* rag+ hung]1 t ! air appe>$ to be 9 fe> ( him4 7,inf41 ,i1 #dc47 ,& t ! poet's trepidation 0 ju/ifi$ he lat] makes kn[n 7,purg4 ,,xi1 #acf7 :5 he expresses ! fe> t = pride he may be et]nally puni%$4 ,p]haps x 0 because ,dante recogniz$ ! pride ( 8 le>n+1 ( 8 ance/ry1 ( 8 associations ) di/+ui%$ p]sonages z 8 besett+ s9 t he ex]cis$ 8 skill z a ma/] 9 %[+ u pr(\nd imag]y repres5t+ ! *>act]i/ics ( pride4 ,c>v$ out ( ! m\nta9 9 ! fir/ circle ( a t]race ( ,purgatory are sc5es illu/rative ( humility4 ,:ile look+ on ^! sc5es1 :i* seem to live & speak 9 _! beautiful & compell+ reality1 ! poet turns & sees approa*+ ! =ms ( ! pr\d4 ,on e>? !y _h exalt$ !mselves z if !y _h ! weight ( ! _w on _! %\ld]s1 s n[ !y are se5 b5t "u huge burd5s ( /one1 crumpl$ up 9 po/ures ( agoniz+ discom=t4 ,! poet1 to let u "k t he %>es 9 _! puni%m5t1 says3 ,) equal pace z ox5 9 ! yoke1 ,i1 ) t lad5 _s1 j\rney'd on ,long z ! mild in/ructor suff]'d me4 7,purg4 ,,xii1 #a7 ,he apo/rophizes !m1 b ! words are really an upbraid+ ( himself = pride4 ,o ye pr\d ,*ri/ians1 wret*$ we>y ones1 ,:o 9 ! vision ( ! m9d infirm1 ,confid5ce h 9 y\r backslid+ /eps1 ,d ye n compreh5d t we are worms ,born to br+ =? ! angelic butt]fly ,t flie? unto judgm5t )\t scre58 ,:o floats al(t y\r _s high 9 air8 ,l are ye unto insects undevelop$ ,ev5 z ! worm 9 :om =mation fails6 ,z to su/a9 a ceil+ or a ro( ,9 place ( corbel1 sometimes a figure ,is se5 to jo9 unto its knees its brea/ ,:i* makes ( ! unreal1 real angui% ,arise 9 him :o sees x3 fa%ion$ ?us ,beheld ,i ^!1 :5 ,i _h ta'en good he$ ,true is x1 !y 7 m or less b5t d[n ,accord+ z !y 7 m or less lad5 ,& he :o _h mo/ pati5ce on 8 looks ,weep+ did seem to say ,i c no m4 7,purg4 ,x1 #aba7 ,l all great m5 ( und\bt$ s9c]ity ,dante 0 intellectually big en\gh to *ange 8 m9d :5 a new view pres5t$ itself 9 condemnation ( an e>li] judgm5t4 ,s 8 ,v]nacul> ,composition retracts a /atem5t he _h made 9 ! ,new ,life :]e he _h held t z amatory poems 7 address$ to ladies ignorant ( ,lat91 ,love %\ld be ! only subject ! poet ought to pres5t 9 ! v]nacul>4 ,he le>n$ lat] & publi%$ 8 new view t !re is good prec$5t = treat+ 9 ! vulg> tongue n only ,love b also ,righte\sness & ,w>4 ,o!r examples ( 8 hone/y ( m9d are furni%$ 9 ! ,p>adise :]e he expresses ?r\gh ! m\?s ( 8 disembodi$ tea*]s views oppos$ to ^? he _h already advanc$ 9 8 o!r works4 ,?us 8 !ory ( ! spots on ! moon1 8 /atem5t z to ! respective rank ( ! angelic ord]s1 8 assumption t ,hebrew 0 ! language ( ,adam & ,eve--all yield to a matur] conception 9 contradiction to 8 orig9al views4 ,he is1 x is true1 sometimes bl9d$ by p>tisan%ip or lack+ 9 ! hi/orical p]spective necess>y = a true judgm5t ( 8 contempor>ies--b ,dante is naturally s s9c]e a man t he is eag] to be j to e "o4 ,p]haps !re is no bett] in/ance ( ! ex]cise ( ?is quality ?an 9 8 assign+ to ! heav5 ( ,jupit]1 ,con/ant9e1 to ^: suppos$ donation ( va/ t]ritories1 !n reg>d$ z g5u9e1 ,dante ascribes ! corruption ( ! ,*ur*4 ,_m read]s1 ^: acqua9tance ) our poet does n ext5d beyond ! ,inf]no1 see 9 him only ! inc>nation ( savag]y & scorn4 ,!y fail to pay tribute to ! wond]ful p[] ( 8 fri5d%ip or to recognize t 8 suff]+s ( adv]sity & inju/ice gave bir? to deep passion4 ,to !m he seems only to place 8 few fri5ds 9 ,heav5 & 9 ,hell to roa/ all 8 enemies4 ,x mu/ be at once confess$ t !re are in/ances 9 ! ,div9a ,comm$ia :i*1 tak5 by !mselves1 w\ld lead "o to s sup]ficial an e/imate ( ! man4 ,9 ,canto ,,viii ( ! ,inf]no ,dante ) 8 guide1 ,virgil1 ent]s a b>k on ! ,/yx & sails across ! broad m>%4 ,dur+ ! passage a _s all cov]$ ) mud addresses ,dante1 :o recognizes him z ,filippo ,arg5ti1 a ,flor5t9e notori\s = 8 arrogance & brutal viol5ce4 ,ma/]1 says ,dante to ,virgil1 ,i %\ld be glad to see him dipp$ 9 ?is swill ere we quit ! lake4 ,& he to me1 ',be=e ! %ore comes to ?y view ?\ %alt be satisfi$4' ,a little :ile aft] ?is ,i saw ! muddy p make su* a r5d+ ( him t ev5 n[ ,i praise & ?ank ,god = x4 ,su* gloat+ ov] suff]+ surely seems to say to y3 ,"h we h a man ( a cruel v9dictive nature4 ,aga91 9 ! ice ( ,ca9a1 ! region :]e traitors are imm]s$ up to _! heads1 ,dante hits 8 foot viol5tly aga9/ ! face ( ,bocca degli ,abati :o betray$ ! ,flor5t9es at ! crucial battle ( ,montap]ti4 ,weep+ x cri$ out to me3 ',:y trample/ ?\ on me8 ,if ?\ come/ n to increase ! v5geance = ,montap]ti1 :y do/ ?\ mole/ me8' ,i said3 ',:at art ?\ :o ?us reproa*e/ o!rs8' ',nay :o art ?\' he answ]$ 't ?r\gh ! ,ant5ora goe/1 smit+ ! *eeks ( o!rs1 s t if ?\ w]t alive1 x 7 too mu*4' ',i am alive' 0 my reply '& if ?\ seeke/ fame1 x may be preci\s to !e1 t ,i put ?y "n among ! o!r notes4' ,& he to me4 ',! contr>y is :at ,i long =1 take ?yself away6' ,!n ,i seiz$ him by ! aft]scalp & said3 ',x w be necess>y t ?\ "n ?yself or t n a hair rema9 ^u !e "h4' ,:5ce he to me3 ',ev5 if ?\ unhair me ,i w n tell !e :o ,i am4' ,i already _h 8 hair coil$ on my h& & _h pluck$ (f m ?an "o tuft ( x1 he b>k+ & keep+ d[n 8 eyes1 :5 ano!r cri$1 ',:at ails !e ,bocca8' ,hav+ ?us le>n$ ! s9n]'s "n1 ! poet releases him1 say+3 'accurs$ traitor ,i d n want !e to speak1 = to ?y %ame ,i w be> true tid+s' 7,inf41 ,,xxxii1 #ig47 ,"s may say t x is to ,dante's %ame t he %[s himself s devoid ( pity4 ,ano!r example w\ld seem to confirm ?is />tl+ view ( ,dante's "*4 ,at ! bottom ( ,hell1 eag] to le>n ! id5tity ( a reprobate1 a c]ta9 ,fri> ,alb]go1 ! poet promises him 9 return = ! desir$ in=mation to remove ! ice f 8 eyes s t he may h ! poor consolation ( grief un*eck$4 ,remove ! h>d veils f my face t ,i may v5t ! grief :i* /uffs my he>t1 a little ere ! weep+ freeze aga96 ,:]e=e ,i said to him4 ',if ?\ w\lds't h me aid !e1 tell me :o ?\ art1 & if ,i d n extricate !e1 may ,i h to g to ! bottom ( ! ice4' ,! poet ( c\rse kn[s t he mu/ g ?i!r to cont9ue 8 j\rney to ,purgatory1 b ! reprobate s\l is unaw>e ( su* a c\rse1 & believes t ! visitor has =tifi$ 8 promise ) a true oa?4 ,bo? 8 "n & ! damn+ /ory ( 8 life are soon told by ! poor wret*1 :o !n asks ,dante = ! fulfillm5t ( ! promise--! removal ( ! ice s t sight may be re/or$ ev5 = a m9ute4 ',op5 my eyes' he said--b ,i op5$ !m n1 to be rude to him 0 c\rtesy 7,inf41 ,,xxxiii1 #adh47 ,does n ,dante by 8 own words %[ himself deep-dy$ 9 hatr$ & cruelty8 ,! case aga9/ him says ,d9smore1 is n s bad z ! fir/ read+ w\ld indicate4 ,"p ( ! explanation ( 8 app>5t cruelty und\bt$ly lies 9 ! fact t ! poet w\ld tea* u t "* is influ5c$ by environm5t4 ,9 ! circle ( wra?1 he is wra?ful1 9 ! pit ( traitors he is false4 ,!n we are to recall t ,dante und\bt$ly laid to he>t ,virgil's repro(1 :5 he wept at ! sad puni%m5t ( ! soo?say]s3 ',:o is m wick$ ?an he :o feels compassion at ! ,div9e ,judgm5t4' ,passionate love ( ,god1 ,dante holds1 implies passionate hatr$ ( ,god's enemies4 ,t is a ?\ght express$ by ! ,psalmi/4 ',"l1 h ,i n hat$ !m t hate !e & p9$ away because ( ?y enemies8 ,i h hat$ !m ) a p]fect hatr$ & !y are become enemies to me' 7,,cxxxviii1 #ba74 ,s x may be said t ,dante has ! _s ( ! psalmi/ & seeks to love1 z ,god loves1 & to hate z ,god hates4 ,:e!r t explanation satisfy my read]s or n1 !re is ano!r side to ,dante's "* t is mo/ attractive4 ,d[]$ ) ! hate ( hate1 ! scorn ( scorn1 he 0 a p>adox1--g5tle & t5d]4 ,failure to see ?is phase ( ,dante's nature l$ ,fr$]ick ,s*legel to decl>e t ,dante's *ief defect is ! want ( g5tle feel+s--a /atem5t t call$ =? ?is exclamation f ,"l ,byron3 ,( g5tle feel+s4 ,& ,francesca ( ,rim9i & ! fa!r's feel+s 9 ,ugol9o & ,beatrice & ! ,pia6 ,:y !re is a g5tl5ess 9 ,dante above all g5tl5ess :5 he is t5d]6 ,let u see "s examples ( ?is t5d] quality 9 our poet4 ,only "o end[$ ) g5tl5ess & beauty ( s\l1 c\ld h conceiv$ a ,purgatory n hot ) sulphur\s flames rem>ks ,d9smore1 b heal+ ! w\nd$ _s ) ! light ( %imm]+ sea1 ! glories ( morn+1 ! p]fume ( fl[]s1 ! t\* ( angels1 ! liv+ =ms ( art & ! sweet /ra9s ( music4 ,only a man ( w>m-he>t$ness & delicate susceptibility at ! sight ( a r[ ( s\ls1 tempor>ily bl9d$1 w\ld h be5 t\*$ to su* an ext5t t he w\ld be fill$ ) anxiety le/ 9 look+ ^u !m & sil5tly pass+ !m by :o c\ld n return 8 gaze1 he w\ld %[ !m "s disc\rtesy4 ,x 7 a wrong1 me?\ght1 to pass & look ,on o!rs1 yet myself1 ! :ile unse51 ,to my sage c\nsel !re=e did ,i turn4 7,purg4 ,,xiii1#gc7 ,g5tl5ess also reveals itself 9 lovely l9es :]e9 ! poet speaks ( ! relations ( p>5t & *ild4 ,he tells u1 = in/ance1 h[ ,an infant seeks 8 "m's brea/ ,:5 fe> & angui% vex 8 tr\bl$ he>t4 7,purg4 ,,xxx47 ,he recalls h[ he himself ) *ild-l sorr[ /ood confess+ 8 s9s3 ,z little *ildr51 dumb ) %ame's ke5 sm>t1 ,w li/5+ /& ) eyes ^u ! gr\nd ,own+ _! faults ) p5it5tial he>t ,s !n /ood ,i4 7,purg4 ,,xxxi1 #ff7 ,:5 ov]come by ! spl5dor ( ! heav5 ,saturn x is z a *ild he turns to ,beatrice = assurance3 ,oppress$ ) /upor1 ,i unto my guide ,turn$ l a little *ild :o always runs ,= refuge !re :]e he confide? mo/1 ,& %e1 ev5 z a "m :o /raightway ,gives com=t to h] pale & brea?less boy ,) voice ^: wont is to reassure him1 ,said to me3 ',kn[e/ ?\ n ?\ art 9 heav58' 7,p>4 ,,xxii1 ,i7 ,aga91 x is ! g5tle he>t ( a fond fa!r :o speaks 9 ! foll[+ l9es3 ,awak+ late1 no little innoc5t ,s sudd5 plunges t[>ds its "m's brea/ ,) face int5t ^u its n\ri%m5t ,z ,i did b5d4 7,p>4 ,,xxx1 #he1 ,gr&g5t's trans47 ,ano!r figure ( beautiful imag]y makes u appreciate ,dante's und]/&+ ( infantile emotion4 ,he is eag] to tell u h[ bright s\ls flame upw>d t[>ds ! ,virg9 ,"m & "h is ! simile3 ,& z a babe :i* /ret*es ei!r arm ,to rea* its "m1 aft] x is f$ ,%[+ a he>t ) sweet affection w>m1 ,?us e flam+ brightness re>$ its head ,& high]1 high] /ra9+1 by its act ,! love x bore to ,m>y pla9ly said4 7,p>4 ,,xxiii1 #aba ,gr&g5t's trans47 ,p]haps ! mo/ appeal+ example ( ,dante's k9dly love = *ildr5 spr+s f ! fact t in/ead ( foll[+ ! tea*+ ( ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 :o holds t 9 heav5 ! ris5 bodies ( baby *ildr5 w appe> 9 ! aspect ( ! prime ( life1 our poet discloses !m ) ! *>m ( babyhood c>roll+1 z x 71 ! nurs]y songs ( ,heav54 ,( ^? bless$ infants he speaks3 ,_! y\?1 ^? little faces pla9ly tell1 ,_! *ildi% treble voices tell x1 too1 ,if ?\ b use ?9e eyes & li/5 well4 7,p>4 ,,xxxii1 #df4 ,gr&g5t's trans47 ,see+ s _m examples ( ,dante's love = mo!rhood & *ildr51 "o naturally wond]s :y he makes no m5tion ( 8 own wife & *ildr54 ,b we h only to rememb] t a nice s5se ( delicacy may h re/ra9$ him f speak+ ( ! sacr$ness ( 8 family life4 ,9 ?is matt] he exhibit$ ! wisdom ( ! g5tleman-,sa9t1 ,francis de ,sales1 :o us$ to say1 ,)\t necessity nev] speak ( y\rself well or ill4 ,x 0 inde$ a pr9ciple ( propriety ) our poet t talk+ ab\t "o's self 9 public is to be avoid$ z unbecom+ unless !re is ne$ ( self v9dication or edification ( o!rs4 ,only once 9 ! ,div9e ,com$y does he m5tion 8 own "n & at once he apologizes = ! intrusion4 ,x is true t ! poem is autobiographical b x is t 9 s f> z x conc]ns matt]s ( univ]sal int]e/ f :i* ! poet may draw ! moral t :at ,god has done = him ,he w d = all m5 if !y w b let ,him4 ,t be+ s x 0 n necess>y = him to exploit 8 family affairs4 ,out ( ! k9dly he>t ( ,dante sprang gratitude1 "o ( ! /ronge/ virtues ( 8 be+4 ,he nev] we>ies 9 p\r+ =? ?anks to 8 ,mak] = ! gift ( creation & ,8 fa!rly c>e ( all be+s 9 ! univ]se4 ,he is fill$ ) unb\nd$ gratitude to ! ,savi\r = hav+ become man & = hav+ suff]$ & di$ = our salvation in/ead ( tak+ an easi] way ( satisfy+ div9e ju/ice4 ,9 8 works he m5tions ! "n or ! (fices ( ! ,holy ,gho/ eight times4 ,to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ! sa9ts & especially to ,beatrice = _! virtu\s example & lov+ protection he is he>tily grateful4 ,8 ?ankful affection is ext5d$ to ^? :o %[$ him k9dness p>ticul>ly dur+ ! ye>s ( 8 homeless pov]ty4 ,to !m he (f]s ! only ?+ he has to give--an undy+ tribute ( praise4 ,t5d]ly he makes kn[n 8 obligations to all ^? :o taught him1 bo? ! tea*]s ( 8 own day & ! ma/]s ( pa/ ages4 ,b x is to ,virgil1 8 ideal au?or1 ! guide :om he has *os5 = 8 j\rney ?r\gh ,hell & ,purgatory1 t he (f]s 8 mo/ t\*+ tribute ( gratitude4 ,! occasion arises :5 he discov]s 8 belov$ ,beatrice 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 & turns to ,virgil to tell him ( 8 ov]:elm+ joy4 ,b behold6 8 guide has vani%$1 8 mission fulfill$4 ,& all ! joys ( ! e>?ly ,p>adise1 orig9ally =feit$ by ! s9 ( ,eve1 _c comp5sate ! disciple = ! loss ( 8 great ma/]4 ,9 lonel9ess he weeps1 /a9+ aga9 8 face t _h be5 wa%$ clean ) dew by ,virgil :5 !y em]g$ f ,hell4 ,is !re n g5u9e pa?os 9 ^! l9es8 ,virgil 0 gone6 & we 7 all b]eft6 ,virgil my sweete/ sire6 ,virgil :o l$ ,my s\l to safety1 :5 no hope 0 left4 ,n all our anci5t "m =feit$1 ,all ,ed51 c\ld prev5t my dew cleans$ *eek ,f *ang+ :it5ess to a te>ful r$4 7,purg4 ,,xxx1 #de1 ,gr&g5t's trans47 ,"o quality is /ill necess>y to complete ! picture :i* our poet gives ( himself4 ,s f> we see him z a man ( /rong fai?1 ( abid+ int5sity--a man hav+ supreme confid5ce 9 himself ) result+ pride ( life1 a man big ) spl5did s9c]ity & d[]$ ) deep passion1 yet manife/+ a g5tle1 graci\s & grateful _s4 ,s compos$1 he is a comb9ation ( virtues t may inspire & traits t may attract _m read]s4 ,b ?is is n ! f9i%$ picture ( ! /rangely fasc9at+ man :o has = six hundr$ ye>s ex]cis$ an irresi/ible sway ov] he>ts & m9ds4 ,:at feature is lack+8 ,! "o :i* has made him ma/] ov] will+ subjects :o love & admire him :e!r !y live 9 a mon>*y or republic1 a hovel or a palace1 :e!r !y are ( 8 fai? or ali5 to x4 ,because ! _w ev] loves a lov]1 & because ,dante is ,! ,lov] p> excell5ce ^: love-/ory is "o to :i* heav5 & e>? h put _! h&1 he /&s =? ) a hold on humanity t is bo? endur+ & supreme4 ,love z a passion & a pr9ciple ( action nev] left him to 8 dy+ day1 f ! "t :5 he1 a boy ( n9e ye>s ( age1 became attract$ by ! sweet little girl ,beatrice4 ,%e appe>$ to me he says1 clo!d 9 a mo/ noble color1 a mode/ & becom+ crimson1 & %e 0 girt & adorn$ 9 su* wise z befitt$ h] v y\?ful age4 ,if we add to ^? few l9es ! brief /atem5ts made lat] 9 ! ,new ,life t h] hair 0 light & h] complexion a pe>l-p9k & t :5 he saw h] z a maid5 %e 0 dress$ 9 :ite1 we h ! only description t ,dante ev] gave ( h] p]sonal appe>ance4 ,x 0 love at sight4 ,i truly say t at t in/ant ! _s ( life :i* dwells 9 ! mo/ secret *amb] ( ! he>t1 said ^! words3 ',behold a god /rong] ?an ,i1 :o com+ %all rule ov] me4' ,f t "t =w>d ,love lord$ x ov] my s\l :i* _h be5 s spe$ily w$d$ to him & he began to ex]cise ov] me su* control & su* lord%ip1 ?r\gh ! p[] :i* my imag9ation gave him1 t x behoov$ me to d completely all 8 pleasure4 ,if we are dispos$ to d\bt ,dante's capability ( deep emotion at s t5d] an age we h only to rememb] t ,cupid's d>ts pi]c$ at an e>ly age ! he>ts ( o!rs ( precoci\s s5sibilities4 ,! love exp]i5ce ( ,"l ,byron1 ,victor ,hugo1 & ,canova ! sculptor1 :5 !y too 7 only *ildr5 is a matt] ( hi/ory4 ,?is /atem5t we %all ! m readily accept if we recall ! dictum ( ,pascal3 ,! passions are great 9 proportion z ! intellig5ce is great4 ,9 a great s\l ev]y?+ is great4 ,9 ! light ( t pr9ciple we mu/ say t if ,dante's love atta*m5t 9 e>ly life runs c\nt] to ! exp]i5ce ( mank9d1 he is1 ev5 z a boy1 exceptional 9 ! p[] ( imag9ation & peculi>ly s5sitive to he>t impressions4 ,8 exp]i5ce z a n9e ye> old boy lov+ ) a dep? ( increas+ emotion a girl ) :om !re probably _h nev] be5 any communication except a m]e greet+1 a love rev]5tial1 p]si/+1 ev5 aft] h] m>riage to ano!r1 cont9u+ ?r\gh ! m>ri$ life ( ! poet himself1 a love1 ! /ory ( :i* is celebrat$ 9 mat*less v]se1--all t is s unique a ?+ t critics h be5 l$ to d5y ! v exi/5ce ( ,beatrice or to see 9 ! /ory an allegory :i* may be int]pret$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,"s critics see 9 ,beatrice only ! ideal ( womanhood2 o!rs make h] an allegory ( conflict+ ?+s4 ,francesco ,p]ez holds t ,beatrice is only ! figure ( ,active ,intellig5ce1 :ile ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti advances ! fanta/ic !ory t %e is ! symbol ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & love--! anagram ( ,roma--on ,dante's "p is only devotion to ! imp]ial cause4 ,accord+ to ,sc>tazz9i1 ,beatrice is ! symbol ( ! ,papacy4 ,gietmann d5ies ! hi/oricity ( ,beatrice & decl>es t %e typifies ! ,*ur*4 ,! argum5t = ?is !ory express$ by a sympa!tic review] ( ,gietmann's book1 ,beatrice1 ,gei/ und ,k]n d] ,dante%5 ,di*tung1 foll[s3 ,beatrice is ! s\l & c5t] ( ! poet's works1 8 inspir+ g5ius1 ! ideal :i* m\lds 8 life & "*4 ,if we consid] h] z a m]e hi/orical p]sonage we mu/ look ^u ^? works z silly & mean+less romances1 & on ! poet himself z a drivell+ day-dream]4 ,b if we are able to assign to ,dante's belov$ an appropriate & consi/5t allegorical "*1 9 keep+ ) ! views ( ! poet's "t1 & ) ! quality ( ! v>i$ mat]ial :i* goes to build up 8 poetic /ructures1 8 creations w appe> n only intelligible & natural1 b unfold a treasure ( ?\ght & beauty n[h]e else to be f\nd1 :ile ! poet himself w be %[n to be n only "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s ( ?\ght & imag9ation1 b "o ( ! noble/ & l(tie/ m9ds to be met ) 9 ! hi/ory ( lett]s 7,john ,conway1 ,am4 ,ca?4 ,qu>4 ,review1 ,april1 #ahib74 ,! editor ( ! ,engli% ,qu>t]ly ,review 7,july1 #ahif1 p4 #da7 :ile n d5y+ ! real exi/5ce ( ,beatrice argues t %e repres5ts ,fai?1 & affirms t ! /ory ( ,dante's love = h]1 a love wav]+ at times1 repres5ts ! conflict ( ,fai? & ,sci5ce4 ,y w be int]e/$ 9 see+1 z a curiosity ( lit]ature1 h[ t au?or attempts ! translation into allegory ( ,dante's acc\nt ( 8 fir/ meet+ ) ,beatrice4 ,?is is ! translation--,dante speak+ 9 ! fir/ p]son says3 ,at ! close ( my n9? ye> ,i exp]i5c$ /rong impressions ( religion4 ,?is 0 ! "t ( my ,confirmation & my ,fir/ ,communion4 ,i 0 fill$ ) rev]5ce = ! wondr\s tru?s in/ill$ into my m9d by ^? :om ,i lov$ be/3 & my :ole be+ gl[$ ) ! roseate gl[ ( a fir/ love4 ,my feel+s 7 raptur\s yet con/ant2 & f t "t ,i date ! beg9n+ ( a ,new ,life4 ,f t "t =w>d ,i 0 s completely "u ! influ5ce ( ?is div9e pr9ciple t my s\l 01 z x 71 esp\s$ to heav5ly love1 & x 0 9 ! precepts & ord9ances ( ! ,*ur* t ?is passion f\nd its prop] satisfaction4 ,(t5 & (t5 did x lead me to ! congregation ( ! fai?ful1 :]e ,i _h meet+s ) my y\?ful angel & ^! 7 s gratify+ t all ?r\gh my boyhood ,i w\ld frequ5tly g 9 se>* ( a repetition ( ^? pleasures & ,i p]ceiv$ h] s noble & admirable 9 all h] be>+s1 t ( h] might assur$ly be said t say+ ( ,hom]3 ',%e seem$ no daught] ( mortal man b ( ,god4' ,we ne$ n be surpris$ t !re is su* div]g5ce ( op9ion among critics z to ! int]pretation ( ,dante4 ,he himself 9 ,! ,banquet 7bk4 ,,ii1 *4 #ae71 writt5 "s ye>s aft] 8 ,new ,life1 tells u t !re is a hidd5 mean+ back ( ! lit]al int]pretation ( 8 words4 ,t is especially true ( ! ,div9e ,com$y1 z he writes to ,c ,gr&e 9 explanation ( ! purpose ( ! poem4 ,9 ! ,p>adiso he bids ?is lack+ 9 p[] ( p5etration to pi]ce ! symbolism1 to accompany him no long] on 8 j\rney ?r\gh ! invisible _w4 ,o ye :o 9 "s pretty little boat ,eag] to li/51 h be5 foll[+ ,beh9d my %ip1 t s++ sails along1 ,turn back to look aga9 ^u y\r %ores1 ,d n put out to sea1 le/1 p]adv5ture1 ,9 los+ me1 y might y\rselves be lo/4 7,p>4 bk4 ,,ii1 ,i47 ,) obscurity ?us ackn[l$g$1 is x any wond] t ,dante is subject$ to prolong$ controv]sy by hi/orical criticism :i* has n hesitat$ to ca/ d\bt ^u ! au?or%ip ( ! ,iliad & ! ,synotic ,gospels8 ,9 ! face ( ?is obscurity x is ! op9ion ( su* well kn[n ,dantian s*ol>s z ,d',ancona1 ,*>les ,eliot ,norton1 ,john ,add+ton ,symonds1 ,dean ,plumtre1 ,edmund ,g>d9]1 ,w4,w4 ,v]non1 ,paget ,toynbe1 ,c4,h4 ,gr&g5t1 ,jeff]son ,b4 ,flet*]1 ,james ,russell ,l[ell--t ,beatrice is bo? a real human be+ & a symbol4 ,! direct te/imony1 n to urge ! subtle argum5ts furni%$ by int]nal evid5ce ( ,dante's works1 z to ! reality ( ,beatrice ,port9>i z ! belov$ ( our poet is (f]$ fir/ by ,boccaccio :o 0 acqua9t$ ) ,dante's daught] ,beatrice1 a nun :o liv$ ne> en\gh to ! poet to get in=mation f ! ,port9>i family4 ,c]ta9ly ,boccaccio did n hesitate :5 *os5 9 #acgc by ! ,flor5t9es to lecture on ,dante1 to make ! v positive /atem5t t ! boy ,dante1 receiv$ ! image ( ,beatrice ,port9>i into 8 he>t ) su* affection t f t day =w>d z long z he liv$ x nev] dep>t$ f him4 ,t /atem5t 0 d\btless made )9 ! he>+ ( _m relatives & fri5ds ( ! families conc]n$1 ! ,alighi]i1 ! ,port9>i1 ! ,b>di4 ,if ! /atem5t 0 false1 argues ,dr4 ,edw>d ,moore1 ,engl&'s =emo/ ,dantian s*ol>1 x mu/ h be5 s gl>+ & palpable t its ass]tion c\ld only h cov]$ ,boccaccio ) ridicule4 ,! second au?ority = ! /atem5t t ,beatrice ,port9>i _h a real exi/5ce & 0 ! object ( ,dante's love is furni%$ by ,dante's own son ,pietro1 :o wrote a comm5t>y on ! ,div9e ,com$y n9ete5 ye>s aft] 8 fa!r's demise--a comm5t>y 9 :i* he decl>es because m5tion is "h fir/ made ( ,beatrice ( :om s mu* has be5 said1 especially 9 ! ?ird book ( ! ,p>adiso1 x is to be premis$ t !re really 0 a lady ,beatrice by "n1 greatly di/+ui%$ = h] beauty & virtues :o1 9 ! "t ( ! au?or1 liv$ 9 ! city ( ,flor5ce & :o 0 ( ! h\se ( c]ta9 ,flor5t9e citiz5s call$ ! ,port9>i1 ( :om ! au?or ,dante 0 a suitor4 ,dur+ ! life ( ! said lady1 he 0 h] lov] & he wrote _m ballads to h] honor4 ,aft] h] dea? 9 ord] t he might make h] "n fam\s1 he1 9 ?is 8 poem1 frequ5tly introduc$ h] "u ! allegory & /yle ( !ology4 ,! ?ird witness quot$ by ,w4,w4 ,v]non1 is ,b5v5uto da ,imola :o att5d$ ! lectures ( ,boccaccio & succe$$ him z incumb5t ( ! *air ( ,dantian lit]ature1 e/abli%$ by ! gov]nm5t ( ,flor5ce4 ,?is ,flor5t9e pr(essor ^: comm5t>y on ,dante 0 writt5 only fifty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ! poet1 expressly /ates t ?is ,beatrice 7he does n m5tion h] family "n7 0 really & truly a ,flor5t9e ( great beauty & mo/ honorable reputation4 ,:5 %e 0 eight ye>s old %e s ent]$ into ,dante's he>t t %e nev] w5t out f x & he lov$ h] passionately = sixte5 ye>s1 at :i* "t %e di$4 ,8 love increas$ ) 8 ye>s3 he w\ld foll[ h] :]e-ev] %e w5t & always ?\ght t 9 h] eyes he c\ld behold ! summit ( human happ9ess4 ,dante 9 8 works1 at "o "t1 takes ,beatrice z a real p]sonage & at ano!r 9 a my/]i\s s5se z ,sacr$ ,!ology 7,read+s on ,inf41 ,i1 #fa47 ,! "q n[ arises3 ,did ,beatrice "k ( ,dante's love & did %e reciprocate 8 passion8 ,_m critics answ] 9 ! negative1 believ+ t an affirmative view mu/ premise a guilty love s9ce ,beatrice 0 m>ri$ to ,simone de ,b>di & ,dante to ,gemma ,donati4 ,b an opposite view holds t su* a d$uction ov]looks ! unique fact t ! love ( ,dante & ,beatrice 0 purely spiritual & my/ical4 ,doctor ,zahm says t ,dante's passion 0 a species ( homage to ! belov$ :i* 0 common dur+ ! age ( ! tr\bad\rs b :i* has long s9ce disappe>$--a *ivalr\s devotion to a woman1 nei!r wife nor mi/ress1 by means ( :i* ! _s ( man1 7 he knight or poet1 0 r5d]$ capable ( self-devotion1 & ( noble de$s & ( ris+ to a high] ideal ( life 7,great ,inspir]s1 p4 #bde47 ,9 any ev5t we "k t x 0 a mo/ noble1 exalt+ s5tim5t & if we accept ! /atem5t ( ,bi%op de ,s]ravalle1 ! love 0 mutual & la/+4 ,?is ecclesia/ic :ile att5d+ ! c\ncil ( ,flor5ce 9 #adad 0 ask$ by ! ,bi%ops ( ,ba? & ,salisbury1 ,engl&1 to make a ,lat9 translation ( ! ,div9e ,com$y4 ,9 ! preamble to 8 translation he n only decl>es t ,dante hi/orically & lit]ally lov$ ,beatrice 7,dantes delexit hanc puellam hi/orice et lit]alit]7 b he affirms t ! love 0 reciprocal & t x la/$ dur+ ! lifetime ( ,beatrice1 7,philocaptus fuit de ipsa et ipsa de ipso1 qui se invicem dilex]unt qu\sque vixit ipsa puella74 ,only by hold+ su* a view c we really appreciate ! significance & beauty ( t episode 9 ,purgatorio depict+ ! fir/ meet+ ( ! lov]s 9 ! invisible _w aft] t5 ye>s' sep>ation--a meet+ said to be "o ( ! mo/ t\*+ & beautiful episodes 9 all lit]ature4 ,9 ! ,t]re/rial ,p>adise a voice is he>d aft] ! sudd5 dep>ture ( ,virgil4 ,dante x says ?\gh ,virgil leave !e1 weep n1 weep n yet1 = ?\ mu/ weep = a great] w\nd4 ,i beheld t ,lady :o _h er/ appe>$ to me "u a cl\d ( fl[]s ca/ by angel's h&s3 & %e 0 gaz+ at me across ! /ream 444 ',look at u well4 ,we are1 inde$ ,beatrice4 ,ha/ ?\ !n condesc5d$ to come to ! m\nta98' 7! m\nta9 ( discipl9e7--,%ame weigh$ d[n my br[4 ,! ice t _h collect$ ab\t my he>t1 turn$ to brea? & wat] & ) agony issu$ f my brea/ ?r\gh lips & eyes4 ,beatrice !n proce$s to tell ! angels ( h] love = ! poet & ( 8 fai?lessness to h]4 ,= "s "t ,i su/a9$ him ) ! sight ( my face4 ,%[+ to him my y\?ful eyes ,i l$ him t[>d ! "r qu>t]4 ,z soon z ,i rea*$ ! ?re%old ( ! second age ( man & pass$ f mortal to et]nal life he took himself f me & gave himself to ano!r4 ,beatrice n[ turns to ,dante & rebukes him3 ,9 ord] ! m to %ame !e f ?9e error & to make !e /rong]1 nev] did nature & art pres5t to !e a *>m equal to t fair =m n[ scatt]$ 9 e>? ) :i* ,i 0 enclos$4 ,& if ?is greate/ ( *>ms s =sook !e at my dea?1 :at mortal ?+ %\ld !reaft] h l$ !e to desire x8 ,v]ily at ! fir/ h\r ( disappo9tm5t ov] elusive ?+s1 ?\ %\ld/ h fl[n up aft] me :o 0 no long] ( !m4 ,?\ %\ld/ n h all[$ ?y w+s to be weigh$ d[n to get m w\nds1 ei!r by a little maid or by any o!r s %ort liv$ vanity4 ,! effect ( h] rebuke is ! ov]:elm+ ( 8 he>t ) %ame & contrition4 ,s mu* remorse gnaw$ at my he>t t ,i fell vanqui%$ & :at ,i !n became %e kn[e? :o gave me ! cause 7,purg4 ,,xxxi1 #di74 ,he arose =giv51 ! memory ( 8 s9 remov$ by ! wat]s ( ,le!4 ,!n dr9k+ ( ! wat]s ( ,eunoe he 0 made fit to asc5d to ,heav54 ,to und]/& ! allusion to 8 defection & to see ! progressive developm5t ( 8 love ( ,beatrice z a woman1 !n z a liv+ ideal & f9ally z an animat$ symbol--! v>i\s transfigurations 9 :i* ,beatrice appe>s to him1 we mu/ g back to 8 ,new ,life--! book ( :i* ,*>les ,eliot ,norton says--s long z !re are lov]s 9 ! _w & s long z lov]s are poets ?is fir/ & t5d]e/ love-/ory ( mod]n lit]ature w be read ) appreciation & responsive sympa?y4 ,x is h>dly to be suppos$ t ! n9e ye> old lov] not$ ) m9ute c>e 9 8 di>y1 8 fir/ meet+ ( ,beatrice ,port9>i b z he look$ back on ! ev5t ye>s lat] he saw t ! vision _h be5 ! ! greate/ crisis 9 8 m5tal1 moral & spiritual hi/ory4 ,! /ory beg9s 9 ! fir/ page ( ! ,new ,life4 ,a real liv+ *ild famili>ly call$ ,bice1 ! dim9utive = ,beatrice1 enam\r$ ,dante ) a real1 g5u9e love4 ,aft] t meet+1 says ! poet1 ,i 9 my boyhood (t5 w5t seek+ h] & saw h] ( su* noble & praisewor?y deportm5t t truly ( h] might be said ! ^w ( ! poet ,hom]3 ',%e seems n ! daught] ( mortal man b ( ,god4' ,n9e ye>s pass$ & ! *ild1 n[ a maid51 bloom+ 9 h] beauty's spr+1 salut$ me ) su* virtue t x seem$ to me t ,i saw all ! b\nds ( bliss4 ,s9ce x 0 ! fir/ "t h] words came to my e>s ,i took 9 su* sweetness t1 z x 7 intoxicat$1 ,i turn$ away f ! folk & betak+ myself to ! solitude ( my own *amb] ,i sat myself d[n to ?9k ( ?is mo/ c\rte\s lady4 ,a little lat] ! wrapt expression ( 8 lov+ eyes z he looks at ,beatrice attracts ! att5tion ( o!rs & to misdirect !m1 he feigns love = ! lady he calls ! scre5 ( tru? & writes v]ses 9 h] honor4 ,on ! "p ( ,beatrice !re is misund]/&+ ( ! amatory v]ses he writes at ?is p]iod & %e )holds h] greet+4 ,!n1 m ?an ev]1 he realizes :at t salutation meant to him4 ,depriv$ ( x n[1 he dwells ^u ! sweet memory ( ! salutation3 ,9 ! hope ( h] m>vel\s salutation !re no long] rema9$ to me an enemy1 nay1 a flame ( *>ity possess$ me :i* made me p>don ev]yone :o _h done me wrong4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( h] salutation1 ,dante tells u t he devis$ ?is sonnet3 ,s g5tle & s graci\s do? appe> ,my lady :5 %e give? h] salute ,t e tongue become?1 trembl+1 mute3 ,nor d ! eyes to look ^u h] d>e ,al?\gh %e he>s h] praises1 %e do? g ,b5ignly ve/$ ) humility3 ,& l a ?+ come d[n1 %e seems to be1 ,f heav5 to e>?1 a miracle to %[4 ,s please? %e :oev] come? nigh4 ,%e gives ! he>t a sweetness ?r\gh ! eyes1 ,:i* none c und]/& :o do? n prove ,& f h] c\nt5ance !re seems to move ,a _s1 sweet1 & 9 ,love's v guise1 ,:o to ! s\l1 9 go+ saye?3 ',sigh4' 7,norton's translation47 ,because %e n[ d5ies to him ! bliss ( salutation he says3 ,i w5t into a solit>y place to ba! ! e>? ) mo/ bitt] te>s4 ,b ?is misund]/&+ is n 8 only torm5t4 ,almo/ f 8 second meet+ he fe>s t 8 belov$ w soon die4 ,8 prophetic vision becomes an agonis+ reality :5 9 #abij 9 h] tw5ty-f\r? ye>1 ! eyes t radiat$ bliss are clos$ 9 dea?4 ,s /unn$ 0 he by ! bl[ t 8 life 0 despair$ (4 ,:5 he recov]$ x seem$ to him t ,flor5ce _h lo/ h] gaiety & desolate is m\rn+ ! loss ( 8 belov$ "o4 ,pilgrims pass+ on _! way to ,galicia d n appe> to %>e ! g5]al grief4 ,to ar\se _! sympa?y 9 ! loss :i* ! city has su/a9$ ! he>t-brok5 poet lov] devises a sonnet 9 :i* ,i set =? t :i* ,i _h said to myself4 ,pilgrims3 ,if ?r\gh y\r w to he>1 a:ile ye /ay1 ,truly my he>t ) sighs decl>e to me ,t ye %all aft]w>ds dep>t 9 te>s4 ,alas h] ,beatrice n[ lo/ ha? %e4 ,& all ! words t "o ( h] way may say ,h virtue to make weep :oev] he>s4 7,norton's translation47 ,9 8 great affliction 8 griev+ he>t is su/a9$ by 8 belief 9 immortality4 ,8 vision p5etrates ! skies & he sees 8 'lady ( virtue' 9 glory 9 ! regions ( ! et]nal4 ,! g5tle lady to my m9d _h come ,:o1 = ! sake ( h] exce$+ y\?1 ,_h by ! ,"l mo/ ,high be5 ta'en f e>? ,to t calm heav5 :]e ,m>y ha? h] home4 ,9 heav5 inde$ m ?an ^u e>? %e enam\rs ! poet4 ,!re dive/$ ( h] mortal veil1 to 8 eyes %e grew p]fectly & spiritually fair1 lead+ him to fit himself to put on immortality4 ,! passion ( 8 boyhood has n[ become ! ennobl+ ideal ( 8 life4 ,su/a9+ & /imulat+ him1 sav+ him f himself1 ev] lead+ him upw>d & onw>d1 8 angeliciz$ lady is an abid+ pres5ce ) him :e!r he is deep 9 ! contemplation ( ! /udy ( philosophy & ! le>n+ ( ! anci5ts1 or engag$ 9 ! activity ( milit>y or political life1 or z homeless wayf>] 9 exile1 mak+ 8 way f place to place4 ,:5 he falls f grace x is ,beatrice :o di/urbs 8 peace ( m9d by a battle ( ?\ghts4 ,x is ! /rong image ( ,beatrice :o comes to him z he _h se5 h] z a *ild1 raises him f moral obliquity1 fills him ) ! v ess5ce ( ! spiritual4 ,!n he has a wond]ful vision--a vision 9 :i* ,i saw ?+s :i* made me resolve to speak no m ( ?is bless$ "o 7,beatrice7 until ,i c\ld m wor?ily treat ( h]4 ,& to atta9 to ?is ,i /udy to ! utmo/ ( my p[] z %e truly kn[s3 ,s t if x %all please ,him ?r\gh :om all ?+s live t my life be prolong$ = "s ye>s1 ,i hope to say ( h] :at 0 nev] said ( any woman4 ,t promise1 involv+ ye>s ( int5se /udy & increas+ devotion to 8 belov$1 ,dante kept4 ,! ,div9e ,com$y is 8 mat*less monum5t to h] :o is ! protagoni/ & muse ( 8 poem & ! love ( 8 he>t4 ,n only has ! poet made h] says ,norton1 ! lovelie/ & mo/ womanly woman ( ! ,middle ,ages at once absolutely real & truly ideal1 b he has done :at no poet _h ev] be=e conceiv$1 !reby a*iev+ some?+ unique 9 ! :ole range ( lit]ature--he has imp>adis$ among ! sa9ts & angels 8 lovely wond]1 ,beatrice1 t s %e spreads ev5 !re a light ( love :i* makes ! angels glad & ev5 to _! subtle m9ds c br+ a c]ta9 awe ( pr(\nd m>vell+4 ,he has giv5 to h] su* a glori\s exaltation t aft] ,ra*el & ,eve %e ( all wom5 is en?ron$ 9 ! gl[+ ,rose ( ,heav5 next to ! ,virg9 ,"m1 our ta9t$ nature's solit>y boa/1 & s en?ron$1 ,beatrice is at once 8 belov$ & ! symbol ( revelation1 ! heav5ly light t discloses to mank9d bo? ! true end ( our be+ & ! realities ( ,et]nity4 ,n[ ) tremul\s delight 9 8 he>t1 admiration on 8 lips1 ec/asy 9 8 s\l1 he is able to r5d] h] p]haps ! v pure/ tribute ( praise & gratitude t ev] came out ( a human s\l3 ,o ,lady1 ?\ 9 :om my hope is /rong ,& :o1 = my salvation1 did/ endure ,9 ,hell to leave ! impr9t ( ?y feet1 ,( :atsoev] ?+s ,i h beheld1 ,z com+ f ?y p[] & f ?y goodness ,i recognize ! p[] & ! grace4 ,?\ f a slave ha/ br\ght me unto fre$om1 ,by all ^? ways1 by all ! exp$i5ts1 ,:]eby ?\ ha/ ! p[] ( do+ x4 ,pres]ve t[>ds me ?y magnific5ce ,s t ?is s\l ( m9e1 :i* ?\ ha/ heal$ ,pleas+ to !e be loos5$ f ! body4 ,norton says3 ,x is ne$ful to "k ,dante z a man 9 ord] fully to appreciate him z poet4 ,:at mann] ( man !n 0 he8 ,r$eem$ by love1 he 01 to quote ,john ,add+ton ,symonds1 ! greate/1 true/1 s9c]e/ man ( mod]n ,europe4 ,,dante',s ,,inf]no ,,dante',s ,,inf]no ,at no p]iod ( mod]n times d we f9d t lit]ature %[$ an int]e/ m ke5 9 ! ,h]eaft] ?an at ! pres5t day4 ,religion has always us$ bo? p5 & voice to direct m5's ?\ghts t[>ds et]nity1 b n[ x is lit]ature t goes = subject-matt] to religion4 ,?is *ange ( attitude is due1 no d\bt1 to ! fact t sev]al factors 9 pres5t-day life--factors t lit]ature _c ignore1 h turn$ popul> ?\ght to religion4 ,! ,_w-w> has discipl9$ ! "* ( m5 by ! unspeakable exp]i5ces ( contact ) %ot1 %ell & %rapnel & ! result has be5 t c\ntless numb]s h turn$ to religion = /r5g? & consolation4 ,c\ntless ?\s&s ^: de> ones made ! supreme sacrifice = ! ideals ( patriotism1 also f9d 9 religion _! only solace4 ,^? :o h n ?is refuge turn to spiritualism & psy*ical rese>* 9 a futile ef=t to f9d a satisfactory solution ( ! problem ( ! ,h]eaft]4 ,aga9 & aga9 we see ! unre/ ( ! ev]-que/ion+ s\l depict$ 9 ! drama & ! lit]ature ( ! day z x seeks enlight5m5t on ! pot5tiality ( ! future life4 ,! /age pres5ts plays bas$ on spirituali/ic manife/ations or ^u sup]natural heal+ or miracul\s int]v5tion4 ,_m rec5t novels h ei!r psy*ical ph5om5a = _! c5tral int]e/ or plots evolv$ out ( ! miracul\s 9 religion4 ,z expon5ts ( psy*ical rese>*1 ,sir ,ar?ur ,conan ,doyle1 ,w4,t4 ,/ead & ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge make an appeal to read]s to accept z sci5tific tru?s1 ! psy*ical manife/ations ( ! unse5 _w4 ,a typical answ] is giv5 to t appeal by a di/+ui%$ writ]1 ,doctor ,+e1 ,dean ( ,/4 ,paul's1 ,london1 :o decl>es3 ,if ?is k9d ( aft]-life 7 true1 ?is portray$ 9 ! pitiable revival ( necromancy 9 :i* _m desolate he>ts h s\ght spuri\s satisfaction1 x w\ld1 inde$1 be a melan*oly po/ponem5t or negation ( all we hope & believe ab\t our dead4 ,presc9d+ f any attempt to discuss ! occult ph5om5a evok$1 obs]v$ & /udi$ 9 our day or to treat ( ! matt]s involv$ 9 ! sup]natural 9 ! books ( ! day1 "o may /ate z a fact t ! :ole t5d5cy ( pres5t day lit]ature is to %[ a ye>n+ = light on a subject ( fundam5tal importance to human nature4 ,f> back 9 ! hi/ory ( ! race ,job gave voice to ! spiritual problems t are today engag+ ! att5tion ( ! _w4 ,"s fifte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 ,/4 ,augu/9e propos$ to himself ! "q :i* s g5]ally conc]ns ! tw5tie? c5tury3 ,on :at matt] ( all ^? ?+s ( :i* ?\ art ignorant1 ha/ ?\ ! greate/ desire = enlight5m5t8 ,! great ,bi%op ( ,hippo becomes ! spokesman ( humanity :5 he answ]s 8 own "q by propos+ ano!r3 ,am ,i immortal or n8 7,soliloquia #b;d74 ,9 ! realms ( lit]ature no "w ( man has answ]$ t "q ) great] vividness ( imag]y1 int5sity ( conc5tration1 beauty ( description--all bas$ 9 a l>ge measure on ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ianity--?an has ,dante 9 8 ,div9e ,com$y4 ,devis$ z a love (f]+ to ! memory ( 8 belov$ ,beatrice :o 9 ! "w is symboliz$ z ,heav5ly ,light on ! ?+s hidd5 f man1 ! poem leads ! read] ?r\gh ! d>k abyss ( ,hell1 ! pati5t abode ( ,purgatory1 ! glori\s realm ( ,heav5 z if ! poet _h se5 ,et]nity 9 reality in/ead ( 9 imag9ation4 ,n only ! /ate & ! conditions ( ! s\l aft] dea? does he visualize ) ! precision ( ,euclid1 b z a philosoph] & a !ologian he proposes = our in/ruction 9 ! c\rse ( ! j\rney _m que/ions ( dogmatic & speculative ?\ght affect+ ! ,h]eaft]4 ,he believes himself call$ to be n simply a poet to ent]ta9 8 read]s1 b a prophet & a prea*] ) burn+ fire to deliv] a message = man's salvation4 ,s he asks ! help ( ,heav53 ,o ,supreme ,light t s high uplifte/ ,?yself f mortal conceptions1 re-l5d a little to my m9d ( :at ,?\ did/ appe> & make my tongue s p[]ful t x may be able to leave "o s+le sp>k ( ,?y glory1 = ! future p3 = by return+ to my memory & by s\nd+ a little 9 ^! v]ses1 m ( ,?y victory %all be conceiv$ 7,p>4 ,,xxxiii1 #fg74 ,com$y is ! title :i* ,dante gives to 8 trilogy & po/]ity has add$ ! prefix adjective div9e4 ,! t]m com$y h[ev] is n us$ 9 ! mod]n s5se :i* sugge/s to u a light laughable drama writt5 9 a famili> /yle4 ,com$y ,dante himself expla9s 9 8 d$ication ( ! poem1 is a c]ta9 k9d ( poetical n>rative :i* diff]s f all o!rs4 ,x diff]s f trag$y 9 its subject matt] 9 ?is way1 t trag$y 9 ! beg9n+ is admirable & quiet1 9 its end+ or cata/rophe f\l & horrible 444 ,com$y on ! o!r h&1 beg9s ) adv]se conditions1 b its !me has a happy t]m9ation4 ,likewise !y diff] 9 _! /yle ( language1 = trag$y is l(ty & sublime1 com$y l[ly & humble4 ,f ?is x is evid5t :y ! pres5t "w is call$ a com$y1 = if we consid] ! !me 9 its beg9n+ x is horrible & f\l because x is ,hell2 9 its end+ =tunate1 desirable & joyful because x is ,p>adise3 & if we consid] ! /yle ( language ! /yle is l[ly & humble because x is ! vulg> tongue 9 :i* ev5 h\sewives hold conv]se4 ,! !me ( ! poem ,dante himself expla9s3 ,! subject ( ! "w lit]ally tak5 is ! /ate ( s\ls aft] dea?2 ?is is ! pivotal idea ( ! poem ?r\gh\t its entire c\rse4 ,9 ! allegorical s5se ! poet treats ( ! hell ( ?is _w ?r\gh :i* we are j\rney+ z pilgrims1 ) ! p[] ( m]it+ & dem]it+1 & ! subject is man1 9 z mu* z by 8 m]its & dem]its he is subject to div9e ,ju/ice1 remun]ative or retributive 7,epis4 d$icat4 ad ,c ,gr&e74 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ comm5tators amplifies ! poet's /atem5t4 ,b5v5uto da ,imola writes3 ,! matt] or subject ( ?is book is ! /ate ( ! human s\l bo? z connect$ ) ! human body & z sep>at$ f x4 ,z ! /ate ( ! :ole is ?reefold1 s does ! au?or divide 8 "w into ?ree p>ts4 ,a s\l may be 9 s92 su* a "o ev5 :ile x lives ) ! body1 is morally speak+ dead1 & h5ce x is 9 moral ,hell2 :5 sep>at$ f ! body1 if x di$ incurably ob/9ate1 x is 9 ! actual ,hell4 ,aga9 a s\l may be rec$+ f vice3 su* a "o :ile /ill 9 ! body is 9 ! moral ,purgatory1 or 9 ! act ( p5ance 9 :i* x purges away its s92 if sep>at$1 x is 9 ! actual ,purgatory4 ,yet ev5 :ile liv+ 9 ! body1 a s\l is already 9 a mann] 9 ,p>adise1 = x exi/s 9 z great felicity z is possible 9 ?is life ( mis]y3 sep>at$ f ! body1 x is 9 ! heav5ly ,p>adise :]e !re is true & p]fect happ9ess1 :]e x enjoys ! vision ( ,god4 7,ozanam1 ,dante1 p4 #abi47 ,?is te/imony z to ! subject matt] ( ! ,div9e ,com$y is br\ght =? to (fset ! /atem5ts n infrequ5tly made by expositors :o d5y or ignore ! sup]natural t ,dante's full ?\ght c be realiz$ ev5 if ! read] rejects ! poet's spiritual tea*+1 especially 8 doctr9e ( ! exi/5ce ( a real ,heav5 & a real ,hell4 ,x is true t ,dante is su* a _m-sid$ g5ius t he has a message = almo/ e p]son4 ,x is likewise true t an allegorical int]pretation may be adopt$ ) no belief 9 ! ,h]eaft] & x may op5 up _m fruitful lessons = ! read]4 ,t be+ grant$1 "o may /ill ask :e!r "o c ignore ,dante's doctr9e ( future rew>ds & puni%m5t & s get full satisfaction f treat+ ! poet's conception ( ! ,h]eaft] z a m]e allegory4 ,! allegory presupposes t s9 inevitably br+s its own p5alty4 ,b 9 ?is life virtue does n always be> its own rew>d nor is evil always foll[$ by retribution4 ,dante z ! prophet & ! prea*] ( ,*ri/ianity w\ld h u und]/&1 z ,b5v5uto da ,imola po9ts out1 t if ! moral law is n v9dicat$ 9 ?is life x w be 9 ! ,h]eaft]1 = our acts make our et]nity4 ,s ! poet holds t :ile ?is life accord+ z x %[s ! s\l 9 s91 9 rep5tance or 9 virtue may be consid]$ allegorically ,hell1 ,purgatory or ,heav51 be=e ! ,la/ ,judgm5t a real ,hell1 a real ,purgatory1 a real ,heav5 is ! abode ( disembodi$ spirits accord+ to _! dem]its or m]its & aft] ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 ,purgatory no long] exi/+1 s\ls w be 9 et]nal suff]+ 9 ,hell or 9 un5d+ joy 9 ,heav54 ,x is n to be expect$ t any read] w believe t ,dante's ,hell is a photograph ( reality4 ,x is a ,hell l>gely fa%ion$ by poetic visions & political !ories1 peopl$ 9 a great measure by ^? :o /& 9 opposition to ! poet's !ory ( gov]nm5t4 ,x is n1 z is sometimes ass]t$1 a place to :i* ! poet consigns 8 p]sonal enemies4 ,z ,d9smore says3 ,dante _h too mu* greatness 9 8 s\l & too mu* pride 7x may be7 to make rev5ge a p]sonal matt]3 he _h no?+ b contempt = 8 own enemies & nev] except 9 ! case ( ,boniface ,,viii 444 did he place a s+le "o ( !m 9 ! ,inf]no1 n ev5 8 judge ,cante ,gabriella4 ,?\gh l>gely color$ by 8 political !ories ,dante's ,hell is also a !ological conception bas$ on ! tea*+ ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* t ,hell exi/s z a place or /ate ( puni%m5t = ! rebel angels & = man dy+ imp5it5t1 t is1 = man 9 :om s9 has become s humaniz$ t dea? f9ds him n simply 9 ! act or habit ( s9 b s trans=m$ t 9 ! /rik+ words ( ,bossuet1 he is man made s94 ,dante fully accept$ t doctr9e :i* _h be5 ! con/ant tradition & fai? ( ! ,*ur* & _h be5 reaffirm$ 9 ! second ecum5ical ,c\ncil ( ,lyons held :5 ,dante 0 a boy1 n9e ye>s ( age4 ,x is n unlikely ) 8 precocity = k & s5tim5t at t age t he 0 deeply impress$ ) ! hi/ory ( t c\ncil especially z its legislation also dealt ) ! ,crusades1 ! union ( ,*ur*es1 ! re=m ( ! ,*ur*1 ! appo9tm5t ( a k+ ( ! ,romans & an emp]or--matt]s ( vital importance to him lat]4 ,he mu/ h recall$ t ,c\ncil also ) special int]e/1 = two ( 8 ideal p]sonages1 ,?omas ,aqu9as & ,bonav5ture met _! dea?1 "o on 8 way to ! ,c\ncil1 ! o!r :ile actually att5d+ its sessions4 ,9 any ev5t ,dante firmly believ$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,h]eaft] t !y t h done good %all g into life ev]la/+ & !y t h done evil1 into ev]la/+ fire4 ,he held t ! puni%m5t ( ! damn$ is two-fold4 ,! great] puni%m5t1 call$ ! pa9 ( loss1 consi/s 9 ! loss ( ! ,beatific ,vision1 a suff]+ s great t ! g5ius ( ,/4 ,augu/9e c h>dly translate x 9 human language4 ,to be sep>at$ f ,god1 he says1 is a torm5t z great z ! v greatness ( ,god4 ,! o!r pa9 ( ! reprobate consi/s 9 ! torm5t ( fire s frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 ,holy ,writ4 ,accord+ to ! great] numb] ( !ologians ! t]m fire d5otes a mat]ial & s a real fire 444 7b7 !re h nev] be5 want+ !ologians :o int]pret ! scriptural t]m fire metaphorically z d5ot+ an incorporeal fire & ?us f> ! ,*ur* has n c5sur$ _! op9ion 7,ca?4 ,encyclo41 ,,viii1 #baa47 ,:ile ! pa9 ( loss & ! pa9 ( s5se con/itute ! v ess5ce ( ! puni%m5t ( ,hell1 !ologians tea* t !re are o!r suff]+s call$ accid5tal4 ,! reprobate nev] exp]i5ce v4g4 ! lea/ real pleasure nor are !y ev] free f ! hide\s pres5ce ( "o ano!r4 ,aft] ! ,la/ ,judgm5t ! lo/ s\ls w also be torm5t$ by union ) _! bodies1 a union br++ ab\t a fre% increase ( puni%m5t4 ,on ?is subject1 = our in=mation ,dante addresses ,virgil 8 guide ?r\gh ,hell3 ,ma/]1 w ^! torm5ts aft] ! great s5t5ce increase or dim9i%8 ,virgil expla9s t !y w become worse because :5 ! s\l is unit$ aga9 to ! body !re w be p]fection ( be+ & ! result+ s5sitiv5ess w be ! m int5se4 ,return unto ?y sci5ce1 answ]s ,virgil1 :i* wills t z a ?+ m p]fect is ! m x feels ( pleasure & ( pa94 7,inf41 ,,vi1 #dj47 ,dante also holds t only by way ( exception is !re any escape f ,hell once a s\l is condemn$4 ,foll[+ a leg5d commonly believ$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages t 9 answ] to ! pray]s ( ,pope ,gregory ! ,great1 ! s\l ( ! ,emp]or ,trajan 0 deliv]$ f ,hell1 ,dante assumes t ,god :o c\ld n save ,trajan aga9/ 8 w1 all[$ 8 s\l to come back to its bones & :ile ?us unit$ to use its w = salvation4 ,s reg5]at$ ,trajan is plac$ by ,dante1 9 ! ,heav5 ( ,jupit] 7,p>4 ,,xx #dj1 #g74 ,ref]r+ to ?is incid5t ! ,ca?olic ,encyclop$ia says3 ,9 itself x is no rejection ( ,ca?olic dogma to suppose t ,god might at times by way ( exception1 lib]ate a s\l f ,hell4 ,?us "s argu$ f a false int]pretation ( ,i ,pet] ,,iii1 #ai seq4 t ,*ri/ fre$ sev]al damn$ s\ls on ! occasion ( ,8 desc5t into ,hell4 ,o!rs 7 l$ by untru/wor?y /ories into ! belief t ! pray]s ( ,gregory ! ,great rescu$ ! ,emp]or ,trajan f ,hell b n[ !ologians are unanim\s 9 tea*+ t su* exceptions nev] take place & nev] h tak5 place 7,,viii1 #bji47 ,z to ! location ( ,hell x is ! poet ,dante & n ,dante ! !ologian1 z we %all see lat]1 :o gives def9ite place & b\nd>ies to ,hell4 ,he kn[s t on ?is subject ! ,*ur* has decid$ no?+1 hold+ to ! /atem5t ( ,/4 ,augu/9e3 ,x is my op9ion t ! nature ( hell-fire & ! location ( ,hell are kn[n to no man unless ! ,holy ,gho/ made x kn[n to him by a special revelation4 ,dante makes 8 ,hell big en\gh to hold ! majority ( mank9d4 ,he ?9ks t ! elect w be comp>atively few--j num]\s en\gh to fill ^? places 9 heav5 =feit$ by ! rebel angels :o =m$ accord+ to 8 conjecture1 ab\t a t5? ( ! angelical ho/4 ,t _! places 9 ,heav5 are already ne>ly fill$ leav+ little room = future g5]ations ,dante makes kn[n 9 ! words ( ,beatrice3 ,behold our ,city's circuit1 oh h[ va/ ,behold our b5*es n[ s full t few ,are !y :o are h5ce=? lack+ "h4 7,p>4 ,,xxx1 #acj47 ,8 !ory ( re/rictive salvation1 x may be not$1 is n 9 accord ) ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* :i* holds t to e man ,god gives grace suffici5t = salvation4 ,t is true ev5 z affect+ ! hea!n & ^? liv+ 9 place or 9 "t f> remov$ f ! ,cross4 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as expresses ?is doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* :5 he writes3 ,if anyone :o is born 9 a b>b>ic nation does :at lie? 9 him1 ,god w reveal :at is necess>y = salvation1 ei!r by int]nal inspiration or by a tea*]4 ,! f>cical elem5t is n want+ 9 ! ,inf]no1 a fact prov+ t our poet1 9 furni%+ ! episodes1 n sup]ior to 8 age :i* dem&$ especially 9 ! religi\s plays pres5t$ 9 ! public squ>e ! sight ( ! discomfiture ( ! devil 9 sc5es provok+ ! audi5ce to laught]4 ,! be/ example ( su* f>cicality occurs 9 ! eigh? circle1 fif? bolgia1 :]e (ficials1 traffick]s 9 public (fices1 or unju/ /ew>ds are imm]s$ 9 boil+ pit*4 ,f "t to "t :5 ! fi5ds are n al]t ! reprobate "h come to ! surface = a brea?+ or cool+ spell1 l dolph9s on ! approa* ( a /orm d>t+ 9 ! air & div+ back aga9 or l frogs ) _! muzzles alone expos$ & _! bodies cov]$ by ! wat]1 re/+ on ! banks ( a /ream into :i* !y drop at ! fir/ approa* ( dang]4 ,gett+ 9 ?is way mom5t>y relief f suff]+ a graft] nam$ ,ciampolo1 a =m] reta9] ( ,k+ ,?ibaut ,,ii ( ,nav>re1 l+]$ too long & 0 deftly hook$ by ,graffiacane amid ! savage exultations ( ! o!r fi5ds1 :o proce$ to maltreat ! un=tunate wret*4 ,! hide\s confusion ( attacks by ! demons is /opp$ long en\gh = ! poet to le>n 8 hi/ory1 & also :at is m int]e/+ to ,dante1 ! names ( two ,italians1 ,fri> ,gomita & ,mi*el ,zan*e :o are likewise suff]+ 9 ! boil+ pit*4 ,ciampolo1 to save himself f fur!r maltreatm5t & to escape f 8 captors1 n[ has rec\rse to /ratagem4 ,he promises t if !y cons5t to )draw out ( sight he w :i/le a signal t w be recogniz$ only by 8 hapless comrades2 ! two ,italians & five o!rs w !n come to ! surface = cool air4 ,! fi5ds may !n h n "o1 b sev5 to r5d6 ,! crafty plan succe$s4 ,! demons )draw beh9d ! crags & !n ,ciampolo plunges deeply into ! boil+ pit*4 ,two devils1 endeavor+ to swoop d[n ^u him n[ beyond _! rea*1 fall ^u ea* o!r 9 brutal fury1 :ile ! re/ ( ! troop hurry to ! opposite %ore to rescue ! belim$ pair4 ,"h is ,dante's description ( ! f>ce3 ,z dolph9s1 :5 ) ! ar* ( ! back2 !y make sign to m>9]s t !y may prep>e to save _! %ip3 s n[ & !n1 to ease ! puni%m5t1 "s s9n] %[$ 8 back & hid 9 less "t ?an x light5s4 ,& z at ! edge ( ! wat] ( a dit*1 ! frogs /& only ) _! muzzles out1 s t !y hide _! feet & o!r bulk3 ?us /ood on e h& ! s9n]s2 b z ,b>b>iccia approa*$1 !y in/antly retir$ b5ea? ! see?+4 ,i saw1 & my he>t /ill %udd]s !reat1 "o l+] s1 z x w happ5 t "o frog rema9s :ile ! o!r sp\ts away2 & ,graffiancane1 :o 0 ne>e/ to him1 hook$ 8 pit*y locks & hal$ him up1 s t to me he seem$ an ott]4 ,i already knew ! "n ( e "o1 s well ,i not$ !m z !y 7 *os51 & :5 !y call$ ea* o!r1 li/5$ h[4 ',o ,rubicante1 see ?\ plant ?y clut*es on him1 & flay him6' %\t$ toge!r all ! accurs$ crew4 ,& ,i3 ',ma/]1 le>n if ?\ can/1 :o is t pite\s wight1 fall5 into ! h&s ( 8 adv]s>ies4' ,my ,guide drew close to 78 side7 & ask$ him :5ce he came2 & he repli$3 ',i 0 born 9 ! k+dom ( ,nav>re4 ,my "m plac$ me z s]vant ( a "l2 = %e _h borne me to a ribald ma/] ( himself & ( 8 sub/ance4 ,!n ,i 0 dome/ic ) ! good ,k+ ,?ibault2 "h ,i set myself to do+ b>ratry1 ( :i* ,i r5d] reckon+ 9 ?is heat4' ,& ,ciriatto1 f ^: m\? on ei!r side came =? a tusk z f a hog1 made him feel h[ "o ( !m did rip4 ,among/ evil cats ! m\se _h come2 b ,b>b>iccia lock$ him 9 8 arms1 & said3 ',/& (f :il/ ,i en=ke him6' ,& turn+ 8 face to my ,ma/]3 ',ask on1' he said1 'if ?\ w\ld/ le>n m f him1 be=e "s o!r undo him4' ,! ,guide !re=e3 ',n[ say1 ( ! o!r s9n]s kn[e/ ?\ any t is a ,latian1 b5ea? ! pit*8' ,& he3 ',i p>t$ j n[ f "o :o 0 a neighb\r ( !irs 7on ! o!r side72 w\ld ,i /ill 7 cov]$ ) him1 = ,i %\ld n fe> claw nor hook6' ,& ,libicocco cri$3 ',too mu* h we endur$1' & ) ! hook seiz$ 8 arm & mangl+ c>ri$ (f a "p ( brawn4 ,draghignazzo1 he too1 wi%$ to h a cat* at ! legs bel[2 :]eat _! decurion :eel$ ar\nd ar\nd ) evil aspect4 ,:5 !y 7 some:at pacifi$1 my ,guide1 )\t delay1 ask$ him t /ill kept gaz+ on 8 w\nd3 ',:o 0 he1 f :om ?\ saye/ t ?\ made/ an ill dep>ture to come a%ore8' ,& he answ]$3 ',x 0 ,fri> ,gomita1 he ( ,gallura1 vessel ( e fraud1 :o _h 8 ma/]'s enemies 9 h&1 & did s to !m t !y all praise him = x3 money took he = himself1 & dismiss$ !m smoo?ly1 z he says2 & 9 8 o!r (fices besides1 he 0 no petty b a sov]eign b>rator4 ,) him keeps company ,don ,mi*el ,zan*e ( ,logodoros2 & 9 speak+ ( ,s>d9ia ! tongues ( !m d n feel we>y4 ,oh me6 see t o!r gr9n+2 ,i w\ld say m2 b fe> he is prep>+ to claw my scurf4' ,& _! great ,m>%al1 turn+ to ,f>f>ello1 :o roll$ 8 eyes to /rike1 said3 ',(f ) !e1 villa9\s bird6' ',if y wi% to see or he> ,tuscans or ,lomb>ds1' ! fright5$ s9n] !n resum$1 ',i w make !m come4 ,b let ! 7evil claws hold back7 a little1 t !y may n fe> _! v5geance2 & ,i1 sitt+ 9 ?is same place1 = "o t ,i am1 w make sev5 come1 on :i/l+1 z is our wont to d1 :5 any ( u gets out4' ,o ,read]1 ?\ %alt he> new sport6 ,all turn$ _! eyes t[>d ! o!r side1 he fir/ :o _h be5 mo/ unripe = do+ x4 ,! ,nav>rese *ose well 8 "t2 plant$ 8 soles ^u ! gr\nd1 & 9 an in/ant leapt & f _! purpose fre$ himself4 ,!reat ea* 0 /ung 7) guilt72 b he mo/ :o _h be5 ! cause ( ! mi/ake2 he !re=e />t$ =?1 & %\t$3 ',?\'rt caught6' ,b little x avail$ 7him72 = w+s c\ld n outspe$ ! t]ror2 ! s9n] w5t "u2 & he1 fly+1 rais$ up 8 brea/3 n o!rwise ! duck sudd5ly dives d[n1 :5 ! falcon approa*es1 & he returns up angry & defeat$4 ,calcabr9a1 furi\s at ! trick1 kept fly+ aft] him1 desir\s t ! s9n] might escape1 to h a qu>rel4 ,&1 :5 ! b>rator _h disappe>$1 he turn$ 8 talons on 8 fell[1 & 0 clut*$ ) him above ! dit*4 ,b ! o!r 0 inde$ a sp>r[hawk to claw him well2 & bo? dropt d[n into ! middle ( ! boil+ pond4 ,! heat at once unclut*$ !m2 b rise !y c\ld n1 _! w+s 7 s beglu$4 ,b>b>iccia ) ! re/ lam5t+1 made f\r ( !m fly ov] to ! o!r coa/ ) all _! drags2 & mo/ rapidly on ?is side1 on t1 !y desc5d$ to ! /&2 !y /ret*$ _! hooks t[>ds ! lim$ pair1 :o 7 already scald$ )9 ! cru/2 & we left !m ?us embroil$4 7,,xxii1 #ai47 ,! grotesque1 also1 plays a "p 9 ! ,inf]no appe>+ n only 9 ! demons tak5 f classical leg5d & de=m$ into c>icatures1 b also 9 ! puni%m5t ( crimes1 v4g4 simony & malfeasance 9 public (fice1 reg>d$ by our poet z malici\s 9 !mselves & grotesque 9 _! p]v]sity4 ,read]s :o reg>d ! grotesque z a repell+ elem5t 9 ! ,inf]no may be surpris$ to le>n t ,rusk9 consid]s ?is feature ( ,dante's writ+s an expression ( ! highe/ human g5ius4 ,! great ,engli% critic writes3 ,i believe t !re is no te/ ( greatness 9 nations1 p]iods1 nor m5 m sure ?an ! developm5t1 among !m or 9 !m ( a noble grotesque1 & no te/ ( comp>ative smallness or limitation1 ( "o k9d or ano!r1 m sure ?an ! abs5ce ( grotesque inv5tion or incapability ( und]/&+ x4 ,i ?9k t ! c5tral man ( all ! _w1 z repres5t+ 9 p]fect balance & imag9ative1 moral & intellectual faculties1 all at _! highe/ is ,dante2 & 9 him ! grotesque rea*es at once ! mo/ di/9ct & ! mo/ noble developm5t to :i* x 0 ev] br\ght 9 ! human m9d4 ,( ! grotesqu5ess ( our own ,%akespe>e ,i ne$ h>dly speak1 nor ( its intol]abl5ess to 8 ,fr5* critics2 nor ( t ( s*ylus & ,hom]1 z oppos$ to ! l[] ,greek writ]s2 & s ,i believe x w be f\nd1 at all p]iods1 9 all m9ds ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,dante's doctr9e ( puni%m5t presupposes c]ta9 prim>y tru?s :i* ! ,*ur* proclaims today z %e did 9 ,dante's day4 ,accord+ to ! ,flor5t9e's cre$1 man mu/ answ] to ,god = 8 moral life because he has free w4 ,he _c excuse 8 evil de$ on ! gr\nd ( necessity4 ,ev5 9 ! face ( planet>y influ5ce & ( temptation f )91 by 8 evil incl9ations1 & f )\t by solicitation ( o!r ag5ts man has /ill su* disc]nm5t betwe5 good & evil & su* p[] to make *oice freely1 t moral judgm5t ) him is free4 ,:o ha? be5 tri$ !reby & made p]fect1 says ,holy ,writ1 he %all h glory ev]la/+4 ,he t c\ld h transgress$1 & ha? n transgress$ & c\ld d evil ?+s1 & ha? n done !m4 7,eccli41 ,,xxxi1 #aj47 ,aga9/ ?is doctr9e ( free w ! sociology1 ! philosophy & ! m$ical sci5ce ( ! pres5t day cont5d ) a !ory :i* m9imizes man's acc\ntability = s9 if x does n :olly excuse him z ! victim ( h]$ity1 environm5t or society4 ,lit]ature also1 z reflect$ n only 9 ! ,greek trag$ies b 9 ! writ+s ( au?ors f ,%akespe>e to ,%aw portray ! evil do] z ! victim ( fate or det]m9ism4 ,aga9/ all su* !ories & views ,dante appe>s z ! fe>less1 uncompromis+ *ampion ( ! doctr9e ( ! greatness ( man 9 ! ex]cise ( ! div9e gift ( ,free ,w4 ,8 own life1 %[+ h[ he _h won victory ov] ! =ces ( pov]ty & p]secution1 is symbolic ( ! glori\s tru? he w\ld tea*2 viz41 t man1 end[$ ) free w & animat$ ) ! grace ( ,god1 is ma/] ( 8 de/9y & _c be defeat$ ev5 by pr9cipalities & p[]s4 ,s he tells u1 ,& free w :i* if x endure fatigue 9 ! fir/ battles ) ! heav5s1 aft]w>ds if x be well nurtur$1 conqu]s ev]y?+4 7,purg41 ,,xvi1 #gf47 ,he makes ,beatrice te/ify to ! supremacy ( ! w3 ,! greate/ gift :i* ,god 9 ,8 b\nty be/[$ 9 creat+ & t :i* ,he prizes mo/1 0 ! fre$om ( w ) :i* ! creatures t h intellig5ce--!y all & !y alone--7 end[$4 7,cf4 ,purg41 ,,xviii1 #ff-gc47 ,b su* a di/9ctive end[m5t may be ! ! curse ( man if he fails to use x rightly4 ,l ,job1 ,dante insi/s t life is a w>f>e4 ,victory is possible only by ! "r ex]cise ( ! w enlight5$ by ,god4 ,defeat is sure if ! w embraces s94 ,to ,dante s9 is n a m]e vulg>ity or ! violation ( a social conv5tion or a s(t infirmity ( ! blood4 ,v hateful to 8 f]vid he>t & s9c]e m9d1 says ,james ,russell ,l[ell1 w\ld h be5 ! mod]n !ory :i* deals ) s9 z involunt>y error4 ,to ,dante s9 is ! greate/ evil ( ! _w--n only because x is ! s\rce ( all o!r evils1 b because x is at once ! d5atur+ ( man--! damn$ are *>act]iz$ z ! woeful p :o h lo/ ! good ( ! und]/&+ 7,inf41 ,,iii1 #ah71 & x is also a defiance ( ,god4 ,s91 !n1 is ,a!ism--a rejection ( ,god1 ) a conviction t pleasure or happ9ess c be atta9$ outside ( ,god1 indep5d5t ( ,god & 9 opposition to ,god4 ,ap>t f ! inspir$ writ]s ( ,holy ,writ x is d\btful :e!r any o!r writ] ev] _h su* an awful s5se ( s9 & su* a vivid vision ( s9 & its consequ5ces z ,dante has giv5 to ! _w 9 a picture :i* has burn$ t]ror into ! ?\ght ( man4 ,to %[ u t life is a w>f>e aga9/ s91 ,dante gives u sev]al /rik+ pictures ( temptation & heav5ly deliv]ance f evil4 ,at ! v beg9n+ ( ! ,div9e ,com$y1 we see 8 asc5t to ! m\nta9 ( ! ,"l b>r$ by ,lu/1 ,pride & ,av>ice repres5t$ by a leop>d1 a lion1 & a wolf4 ,he is victori\s ov] ^? enemies ( 8 salvation because ,reason 7,virgil7 & ,beatrice 7,revelation7 come to 8 aid4 ,temptation is also exhibit$ 9 ,ante-,purgatorio & t is ! m rem>kable because bo? z a !ologian & a poet ,dante holds t ! pres5t life is ! end ( man's probation & t z a consequ5ce1 temptation is n to be enc\nt]$ 9 ! next life4 ,:y x is put =? 9 ,ante-,purgatorio is expla9$ by ! !ory t our poet "h nods1 t he means1 n ! actual ,purgatory ( disembodi$ spirits1 b moral ,purgatory1 i4e41 ! pres5t life :]e9 man1 /riv+ upw>d1 is attack$ by temptation to keep him f ! end = :i* ,god creat$ him4 ,%[+ temptation 9 ,ante-,purgatorio1 ! poet gives u a picture ( s\ls protect$ by two angels aga9/ ! s]p5t4 ,"h is ! sc5e3 ,n[ 0 ! h\r t wak5s fond desire ,9 m5 at sea1 & melts _! ?\ghtful he>t ,:o 9 ! morn h bid sweet fri5ds f>ewell1 ,& pilgrim newly on 8 road ) love ,?rills1 if he he> ! vesp] bell f f>1 ,t seems to m\rn = ! expir+ day3 ,a b& ( s\ls approa*3 ,i saw t g5tle b& sil5tly next ,look up1 z if 9 expectation held1 ,pale & 9 l[ly guise2 &1 f on high1 ,i saw1 =? issu+ desc5d b5ea?1 ,two angels1 ) two flame-illum9$ swords1 ,brok5 & mutilat$ ( _! po9ts4 ,gre5 z ! t5d] leaves b newly born1 ,_! ve/ure 01 ! :i*1 by w+s z gre5 ,beat51 !y drew beh9d !m1 fann'd 9 air4 ,a little ov] u "o took 8 /&2 ,! o!r light$ on ! oppos+ hill2 ,s t ! troop 7 9 ! mid/ conta9'd4 ,b 9 _! visages ! dazzl$ eye ,0 lo/1 z faculty t by too mu* ,is ov]p[]'d4 ',f ,m>y's bosom bo? ,are come1' exclaim$ ,sordello1 'z a gu>d ,ov] ! vale1 'ga9/ him1 :o hi!r t5ds1 ,! s]p5t4' ,:5ce1 n kn[+ by :i* pa? ,he came1 ,i turn'd me r\nd2 & closely press'd1 ,all froz51 to my lead]'s tru/$ side4 ,aft] describ+ an int]view ) "o ( ! s\ls1 ! poet cont9ues 8 n>rative3 ,:ile yet he spoke1 ,sordello to himself ,drew him1 & cri$3 ',lo !re our enemy6' ,& ) 8 h& po9t$ t way to look ,along ! side1 :]e b>ri] none arose ,ar\nd ! little vale1 a s]p5t lay1 ,su* haply z gave ,eve ! bitt] food4 ,betwe5 ! grass & fl[]s1 ! evil snake ,came on1 rev]t+ (t 8 lift$ head2 ,&1 z a bea/ t smoo?s its poli%'d coat4 ,lick+ 8 back4 ,i saw n1 nor c tell1 ,h[ ^? cele/ial falcons f _! seat ,mov$1 b 9 motion ea* "o well describ$4 ,he>+ ! air cut by _! v]dant plumes1 ,! s]p5t fl$2 &1 to _! /ations1 back ,! angels up return'd ) equal flight4 7,purg41 ,,viii47 ,a ?ird picture ( temptation is furni%$ by ! episode ( "o ( ! ,sir5s :o appe>s fir/ repulsive & !n seems to ! poet sweet & allur+4 ,only :5 ,virgil discloses h] hide\s nature does ,dante see h[ easily he might h fall5 a victim to h] wiles4 ,he tells u t 9 8 sleep !re appe>$ to him a woman ) /amm]+ utt]ance1 squ9t+ eyes1 de=m$ h&s4 ,i gaz$ at h]1 & z ! sun re/ores ! cold limbs made heavy by night1 ?us my look loos5$ h] tongue1 !n /raight5$ h] all out 9 a little :ile & color$ h] wan face z love dem&s4 ,:5 h] spee* 0 ?us unb\nd %e began to s+ s t ,i c\ld h>dly h turn$ my att5tion f h]4 ',i am1' %e sang1 ',i am sweet ,sir5 :o bewit* sailors by mid-sea1 s full am ,i ( *>m to he>4 ,by my song ,i turn$ ,ulysses f 8 w&]+ way4 ,& :osoev] abides ) me seldom dep>ts1 s :olly d ,i satisfy him4' ,h] lips 7 n yet clos$ :5 a lady1 swift & holy1 appe>$ at my side to conf\nd ! o!r4 ',o ,virgil1 ,virgil1 :o is ?is8' %e said pr\dly2 & he advanc$ ) 8 eyes fix$ only on ?is mode/ woman4 ,virgil 7,reason call$ by ,consci5ce7 comes to ! rescue ( ! entranc$ poet & reveals ! ,sir5 9 all h] f\l ugl9ess4 ,at t ,dante awakes f 8 dream m ?an ev] conv9c$ ( ! evil ( s9 & its hide\sness4 7,purg41 ,,xix1 #i47 ,our poet1 z we said1 is firmly conv9c$ t s9 w be puni%$ 9 ,hell4 ,b :]e is ,hell8 ,popul> tradition attribut+ an inf]nal connection ) volcanic ph5om5a & mov$ by ^? passages 9 ,holy ,scripture :i* describe ,hell z a place to :i* ! reprobate desc5d1 locates ,hell 9 ! int]ior ( ! e>?4 ,dante n only foll[s ?is tradition = 8 ,hell1 b he does :at no o!r writ] be=e or aft] him ev] did--he con/ructs a ,hell ) su* r>e ar*itectural skill t ! awful /ructure /&s =? 9 />tl+ reality1 visualiz$ easily z to =m an atmosph]e1 & ) a f9i% ( detail t is amaz+4 ,cov]$ by a cru/ ( e>? x is situat$ "u ,j]usalem & ext5ds 9 funnel %ape to ! v c5t] ( ! e>?4 ,h[ x got ?is %ape is told by ! poet4 ,:5 ,lucif] 0 hurl$ f ,heav5 by ! ju/ice ( ,god1 he kept fall+ until he rea*$ ! c5t] ( e>?1 :5ce fur!r motion d[nw>d 0 impossible4 ,at ! approa* ( ,lucif] ! e>? is repres5t$ z recoil+ & s mak+ ! cavity ( ,hell4 ,! e>? dislodg$ by ! cataclysm 0 =c$ ?r\gh an op5+1 a k9d ( nozzle ( ! funnel ( ,hell1 to ! antipodes & x !re em]g$1 =m+ a m\nta91 :i* became ! site ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 & ,purgatory4 ,! ph5om5on made l& 9 ! nor!rn & wat] 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,"h is ! description3 ,^u ?is side he fell d[n out ( heav5 ,& all ! l&1 t :ilom "h em]g$ ,= fe> ( him made ( ! sea a veil ,& came to our hemisph]e2 & p]adv5ture ,to flee f him1 :at on ?is side ,left ! place vacant "h & back recoil$4 7,inf41 ,,xxxiv1 #aba47 ,! mat]ial /ructure ( ! ,inf]no is a s]ies ( n9e conc5tric circles--d>kness brood+ ov] ! :ole region1--) l$ges1 *asms1 pits1 swamps & riv]s4 ,! riv]s1 ?\gh diff]5t 9 "n & aspect1 appe> to be "o & ! same /ream w9d+ its way ?r\gh ! v>i\s circles4 ,we see x fir/ z ! b\nd>y ( ,hell prop] & x is kn[n z ! ,a*]on4 ,x comes aga9 to view 9 ! f\r? circle & is call$ ! ,/yx4 ,9 ! sev5? circle1 second r\nd1 x em]ges z ! r$ blood /ream ( ,phlege?on4 ,9 ! v dep?s ( ,hell x =ms ! froz5 lake ( ,cocytus4 ,! circles ( ,hell1 di/ant f "o ano!r1 decrease 9 circumf]5ce z desc5t is made--! top circle be+ ! wide/4 ,galileo e/imates t ,dante's ,hell is ab\t #d1jjj miles 9 dep? & z _m 9 bread? at its wide/ diamet]4 ,its op5+ is ne> ! =e/ at ! ,fauces ,av]ni1 ne> ,cuma1 ,italy1 :]e ,virgil places ! site ( ! entrance ( 8 ,inf]no4 ,dante's ,hell 9 its moral aspect is ,ari/otelian4 ,s9s are divid$ into ?ree great classes1 incont95ce1 be/iality & malice4 ,incont95ce is puni%$ 9 ! five upp] circles2 be/iality & malice 9 ! ,city ( ,dis1 l[] ,hell4 ,m p>ticul>ly /at$1 ,dante's s*eme ( puni%m5t 9 ! und]world1 n consid]+ ! ve/ibule ( ,hell1 :]e neutrals are conf9$1 is z foll[s3 #a1 ,limbo2 #b1 ,! ,circle ( ,lu/2 #c1 ,gluttony2 #d1 ,av>ice & ,prodigality2 #e1 ,ang]1 ,rage & ,fury2 #f1 ,unbelief & ,h]esy2 #g1 ,viol5ce2 #h1 ,fraud2 #i1 ,treason4 ,9 reg>d to ?is plan ( puni%m5t ?ree ?+s are to be not$3 7a7 ,?\gh g5]ally foll[+ ! tea*+ ( ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 "h ,dante1 9 8 conception ( ,limbo1 diff]s f 8 ma/]4 ,our poet's ,limbo1 :]e9 are ! s\ls ( unbaptiz$ *ildr5 & o!rs :o di$ /a9$ ) orig9al s91 b )\t p]sonal griev\s guilt1 is a mu* m sev]e abode ?an t ( ! ,angelic ,doctor4 ,! latt] tea*es t ,limbo is a place or a /ate1 n m]ely ( exemption f suff]+ & sorr[1 b ( p]fect natural happ9ess unbrok5 ev5 by a k ( a high]1 a sup]natural de/9y t has nev] be5 giv54 ,dante's ,limbo1 on ! o!r h&1 repres5ts ! s\ls 9 sadness br\ght ab\t by _! con/ant desire & hope nev] realizable1 ( see+ ,god4 ,!y suff] no pa9 ( s5se1 b !y are baffl$ 9 _! endless ye>n+ = ! ,beatific ,vision4 ,to quote ,dante3 ,!re1 9 s f> z ,i _h p[] to he>1 ,7 lam5tations none1 b only sighs ,t tremul\s made ! ev]la/+ air4 ,& ?is arose f sorr[ )\t torm5t1 ,:i* ! cr[ds _h1 t _m 7 & great1 ,( infants & ( wom5 & ( m54 ,to me ! ,ma/] good3 ',?\ do/ n ask ,:at spirits ^! may be1 :i* ?\ beholde/8 ,n[ w ,i h !e "k1 ere ?\ g f>!r1 ,t !y s9n$ n2 & if !y m]it _h1 ',t is n en\gh1 because !y _h n baptism1 ,:i* is ! portal ( ! ,fai? ?\ holde/2 ,& if !y 7 be=e ,*ri/ianity1 ,9 ! "r mann] !y ador$ n ,god2 ,& among su* z ^! am ,i myself4 ,= su* defects1 & n = o!r guilt1 ,lo/ are we1 & are only s f> puni%$1 ,t )\t hope we live on 9 desire4' 7,,iv1 #be47 7b7 ,our poet repres5ts a s\l z puni%$ b = "o s91 ?\gh x may be guilt-dy$ by its hav+ brok5 all ! comm&m5ts4 ,ev5 s1 x is plac$ 9 "o p>ticul> circle :]e9 a c]ta9 s9 is puni%$ & we are n told t x passes to o!r circles4 ,9 explanation ( ?is we h only to rememb] t ,dante1 = our in/ruction1 is %[+ u object lessons ( evil1 types ( c]ta9 s9s4 ,judas1 = example1 ^: "n is synonym\s ) traitor1 is exhibit$ z suff]+ 9 ! n9? circle1 ! circle ( treason1 ! poet tak+ no notice ( o!r s9s1 v4g41 sacrilege1 av>ice1 suicide1 ( :i* ! fall5 apo/le may h be5 guilty4 ,fur!rmore1 ,dante z a ma/] psy*ologi/ & morali/ w\ld tea* u ! lesson t ! evil do] may come to damnation ?r\gh "o s9 if t acquires su* an asc5d5cy ov] 8 w z to become a capital s9 or pr$om9ant passion ( 8 life4 ,!n ! besett+ passion is ! fa!r ( an innum]able prog5y ( evil4 ,?is is se5 7,purg41 ,,xx1 #ajc7 9 ! case ( ,pygmalion1 ^: pr$om9ant passion1 av>ice1 made him a traitor1 a ?ief & a p>ricide4 7c7 ,let u n be surpris$ t ,dante is s l5i5t 9 ! puni%m5t ( c>nal s9n]s4 ,he assigns a light] puni%m5t to ! un*a/e ?an to ! unju/4 ,back ( 8 plan is a s\nd !ological doctr9e4 ,guilt is to be e/imat$ n simply f ! gravity ( ! matt] prohibit$ to consci5ce & ! k t "o has ( ! evil1 b m especially f ! malice display$ by ! w 9 its volunt>y *oos+ & embrac+ ! evil4 ,n[ impurity1 x is held1 is (t5 a s9 ( impulse4 ,x spr+s f concupisc5ce1 a common human incl9ation1 wrong only :5 !re is inord9at5ess4 ,!n ?\gh a man freely cons5ts to ! temptation & !reby commits a griev\s s91 8 w g5]ally is n ov]ca/ ) p]v]sion or affect$ ) malice4 ,t be+ s1 ,dante 9 assign+ puni%m5t = s9s aga9/ ! virtue ( purity is mov$ by ! ?\ght t su* s9s des]ve a mild] puni%m5t 9 ,hell1 because !y may be (t5] surprises ?an infidelities4 ,to make kn[n ! nature ( ! p>ticul> s9 he depicts ,dante %[s u ! evil 9 v>i\s phases4 ,fir/ ( all x is p]sonifi$ 9 repulsive demons1 ! gu>dians ( ! circles ( ,hell4 ,at ! v entrance1 sits1 symboliz+ ! evil consci5ce1 ! s9n]s' judge ,m9os horrific & gr9s4 ,! ill-born _s comes be=e him1 confesses all & t s9-disc]n] 7,m9os7 sees :at place 9 ,hell is = x1 & ) 8 tail makes z _m circles r\nd himself z ! degrees he w h x desc5d4 7,inf41 ,v1 #b47 ,9 ! circle ( ,gluttony1 ! s9 is symboliz$ by ! ?ree-head$ mon/] ,c]b]us1 :o clut*es ! spirits1 flays & piecemeal r5ds !m4 ,plutus1 ! anci5t god ( ri*es--a curs$ wolf--comm&s ! circle ( ,av>ice4 ,phlegyas1 :o 9 fury set fire to ,apollo's temple1 is head ( ! circle ( ,ang]4 ,symboliz+ remorse1 ! ?ree ,furies1 9 ! semblance ( wom5 girt ) gre5 wat] snakes1 ) snakes = hair1 & ! ,gorgon ,m$usa1 repres5t+ ! he>t-h>d5+ effect ( s5sual pleasures1 are f\nd on ! fire-gl[+ t[]s ( ! ,city ( ,dis1 ,inn] ,hell4 ,9 ! sev5? circle presides ,m9otaur1 half-man1 half-bull1 ! symbol ( blood?ir/y viol5ce & brutal lu/4 ,fraud is typifi$ by ,g]yon1 hav+ ! face ( an hone/ man & ! body ( a dragon4 ,fur!r d[n giants are se51 emblematic ( ! enormity ( crime4 ,at ! v l[e/ po9t ( ,hell is ,lucif]1 emp]or ( ! ,realm ( ,sorr[4 ,a gigantic mon/]1 he is imprison$ 9 ice =m$ f riv]s :i* freeze by ! movem5ts ( 8 bat-l w+s flapp+ 9 va9 ef=ts to raise himself4 ,to him1 z to ! s\rce ( all evil1 fl[ back all ! /reams ( guilt4 ,z he s9n$ aga9/ ! ,tri-une ,god1 he is repres5t$ ) ?ree faces1 "o crimson1 ano!r betwe5 :ite & yell[1 & ! ?ird black4 7,,xxxiv1 #ee47 ,n only by su* t]rible mon/]s1 b by ! environm5t ( ! condemn$ s9n]1 does our poet reveal ! hide\sness ( s94 ,to m5tion only ! ?ree great divisions ( ,hell1 ! abodes ( incont95ce1 be/iality & malice1 we f9d 9 murky gloom ! incont95t ^: s9 _h d>k5$ _! und]/&+4 ,9 ! ,city ( ,dis1 r$ ) fire1 are ! viol5t & ! be/ial1 :o 9 ?is life _h burn$ ei!r ) consum+ rage or unnatural passion2 9 ! froz5 circle ( malice are ^? ^: s9s _h congeal$ human sympa?y & love into cold1 calculat+ de/ruction ( tru/ repos$ 9 !m4 ,b x is pr9cipally by depict+ ! intellectual1 ! moral & ! physical suff]+s ( ! damn$ t ,dante w\ld tea* u ! nature ( s94 ,to depict physical suff]+s ! poet 0 "u ! necessity ( creat+ provisional bodies = 8 damn$4 ,)\t su* a poetic device ! s\ls ( ! reprobate be=e ! resurrection ( _! bodies _c be conceiv$ to suff] physically1 s9ce !y lack ! s5ses & organs ( pa94 ,s ,dante pictures ! damn$ unit$ to =ms %ad[y yet real1 palpable & visible4 ,!y sometimes lose ! human semblance & assume m s9i/] %apes1 grovell+ z hide\s s]p5ts1 ble$+ & wail+ f %rubs & trees1 or bubbl+ 9 a slu%+ /ream4 ,9 su* =ms ! s\ls are se5 9 puni%m5t fitt+ _! s91 on ! pr9ciple t by :at ?+s a man s9ne? by ! same he is torm5t$4 7,wisdom ,,xi1 #ag47 ,! un*a/e because !y all[$ _! reason to be subject$ to ! hot bla/s ( passion are n[ driv5 by a helli% /orm :i* nev] re/s2 :irl+ & smit+1 x vexes !m4 7,inf41 ,v1 #ca47 ,! glutton\s h[l l dogs z hail & ra9 & sn[ beat d[n ^u !m & ,c]b]us attacks & r5ds !m4 ,! mis]s & sp5d?rifts to :om money 0 k+1 n[ are occupi$ 9 roll+ huge /ones 9 opposite directions4 ,! wra?ful1 all muddy & nak$1 assail & te> "o ano!r4 ,! sull5 are fix$ 9 slime & gurgle a dismal *ant4 ,! mat]iali/ & ! h]etic1 ^: exi/5ce1 ,dante holds1 0 only a liv+ dea?1 are conf9$ 9 blaz+ tombs4 ,murd]]s & tyrants are imm]s$ 9 boil+ blood4 ,) poetic ju/ice1 suicides are repres5t$ z /unt$ trees lac]at$ by ! beaks ( f\l h>pies4 ,! viol5t lie sup9e on a pla9 ( dry & d5se s&1 ^u :i* desc5d flakes ( fire l sn[ 9 ! ,alps1 )\t a w9d4 ,usur]s--%\ld we call !m pr(ite]s8--suff] also f a ra9 ( fire & c>ry ab\t _! necks money bags /amp$ ) armorial designs4 ,?ieves1 to rem9d !m ( _! sneak+ trade1 are repeat$ly trans=m$ f m5 into snakes1 hiss+ & creep+4 ,hypocrites m>* 9 sl[ procession ) faces pa9t$ & ) lead5 cloaks all glitt]+ ) gold on ! outside4 ,) su* realism does ,dante decl>e ! nature ( s9 & its inevitable consequ5ces4 ,let u n[ accompany ,dante ?r\gh ! ,und]world4 ,! sc5e op5s at dawn 9 a d>k & tangl$ wood4 ,dante1 ! type ( humanity1 is unable to asc5d ! ,hill ( ! ,"l1 z we said be=e1 because 8 way is b>r$ successively by a leop>d1 a lion & a wolf1 repres5t+ ! passions ( life4 ,virgil 7,reason71 s5t by ,beatrice 7,revelation71 (f]s to conduct ! poet by ano!r road4 ,x is a way :i* leads ?r\gh ,hell & ,purgatory4 ,?r\gh ! heav5s ,beatrice h]self w be ! guide4 ,desc5d+ ?r\gh ! e>? ! two poets come to ! ,ve/ibule ( ,hell4 ,on ! gate appe>s ?is inscription3 ,?r\gh me y pass into ! city ( woe ,?r\gh me y pass into et]nal pa9 ,?r\gh me among ! p lo/ = aye ,ju/ice1 ! f\nd] ( my fabric1 mov$ ,to re> me 0 ! task ( ,p[] div9e1 ,supreme/ wisdom & primeval ,love ,be=e me ?+s create 7 none1 save ?+s ,et]nal1 & et]nal ,i endure4 ,all hope ab&on1 ye :o ent] "h4 ,x may be said 9 pass+ t 9 ^! n9e l9es ,dante atta9s an effect = :i* ,milton1 ) all 8 heavy description ( ! gateway ( ,hell1 labors 9 va94 ,contra/ ) ! ,flor5t9e's ! words ( ! au?or ( ,p>adise ,lo/3 ,hell b\nds high rea*+ to ! horrid ro( ,& ?rice ?ree fold ! gates3 ?ree folds 7 brass1 ,?ree iron1 ?ree ( adamant9e rock4 ,imp5etrable1 impal$ ) circl+ fire1 ,yet unconsum$4 ,be=e ! gate !re sat ,on ei!r side a =midable %ape1 etc4 ,n by gigantic images :i* only a/oni% ! read]1 b by words :i* burn into ! bra9 & leave him dismay$1 does our poet drive home 8 ?\ght4 ,pass+ ?r\gh a cr[d ( neutrals ! poets come to ! riv] ,a*]on1 :]e assemble ^? :o die 9 mortal s91 to be f]ri$ ov] by ! demon ,*>on4 ,he refuses passage to ,dante3 ,by o!r ways1 by o!r f]ries1 %alt ?\ pass ov]1 a light] boat mu/ c>ry !e4 7,inf41 ,,iii1 #ia47 ,an e>?quake occurs1 accompani$ ) w9d & lightn+1 & ,dante falls into a /ate ( ins5sibility4 ,^u com+ to consci\sness he f9ds himself on ! br9k ( ! ,abyss1 :5ce ! poets ent] ,limbo4 ,"h ,*ri/ desc5d$1 ,virgil says1 & drew f u ! %ade ( our fir/ p>5t1 ( ,abel1 8 son2 t ( ,noah1 ( ,moses1 ! lawgiv]1 ! ob$i5t2 patri>* ,abraham & ,k+ ,david2 ,israel1 ) 8 fa!r1 & ) 8 sons & ) ,ra*el1 = :om he wr\ght mu*1 & _m o!rs & made !m bless$4 7,inf41 ,,iv1 #ee47 ,9 ! second circle1 :]e c>nal s9n]s are puni%$1 ,dante sees1 among o!rs1 ,semiramis1 ,dido1 ,cleopatra1 ,hel51 ,a*illes1 ,p>is4 ,! poet's att5tion is sudd5ly attract$ by two spirits1 :o prove to be ,francesca da ,rim9i & h] lov]1 ,paolo1 murd]$ by h] husb& :5 ,dante 0 tw5ty-f\r ye>s old4 ,! sc&al ( _! illicit love & ! p5alty !y paid by _! lives mu/ h be5 s g5]ally kn[n t ,dante1 ?\gh atta*$ to h] family by ! memory ( hospitality receiv$ f h] nephew1 ,guido ,novello da ,pol5ta1 ! "l ( ,rav5na1 is dom9at$ by ! necessity ( decl>+ 9 ,francesca & ,paolo ! op]ation ( ! unalt]able law :i* rules ! t]rible consequ5ces ( crime un=giv5 by ,heav54 ,0 x gratitude = k9dness ext5d$ to him1 an exile1 by ! ,"l ( ,rav5na1 or 0 x ! memory ( association ) ! bro!r ( ,francesca1 at ! battle ( ,campald9o1 t l$ our poet to treat ! :ole episode ( ! fatal liaison ) su* t5d] sympa?y = ! un=tunate lady t he hop$ to rehabilitate h] memory8 ,9 any ev5t1 ! poet repres5ts himself z graci\s & b5ign :5 address+ ,francesca1 & %e1 mov$ by 8 fri5dly attitude1 tells ! /ory ( h] intrigue1 9 l9es ju/ly reg>d$ z ! mo/ beautiful ev] writt5 9 v]se4 ,! read] w n fail to obs]ve t ! fatal d5\em5t is only h9t$1 n told--! l9e1 t day we read no m1 mak+ :at is admitt$ to be ! f9e/ ellipsis 9 all ! lit]ature ( ! _w4 ,!n turn+1 ,i to !m1 my spee* address'd ,& ?us began3 ',francesca6 ,y\r sad fate ,ev5 to te>s my grief & pity moves4 ,b tell me1 9 ! "t ( y\r sweet sighs1 ,by :at & h[ ,love grant$ t ye knew ,y\r yet unc]ta9 wi%es4' ,%e repli$3 ',no great] grief ?an to rememb] days ,( joy1 :5 mis]y is at h&4 ,yet s eag]ly ,if ?\ art b5t to "k ! primal root ,f :5ce our love gat be+1 ,i w d ,z "o :o weeps & tells 8 tale4 ,"o day ,= our delight1 we read ( ,lancelot1 ,h[ him love ?rall'd4 ,alone we 71 & no ,suspicion ne> u4 ,(t times by t read+ ,our eyes 7 drawn toge!r1 & ! hue ,fl$ f our alt]'d *eek4 ,b at "o po9t ,alone we fell4 ,:5 ( t smile1 we read1 ,! wi%'d smile s raptur\sly kiss'd ,by "o s deep 9 love1 !n he :o ne'er ,f me %all sep>ate1 at once my lips ,all trembl+ kiss'd4 ,! book & writ] bo? ,7 love's purveyors4 ,9 its leaves t day ,we read no m4' ,:ile ?us "o _s spake1 ,! o!r wail'd s sorely1 t he>t-/ruck ,i ?r\gh compassion fa9t+1 seem'd n f> ,f dea?1 & l a corse fell to ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! next circle :]e1 ) faces to ! gr\nd1 ! gluttons suff] 9 a ceaseles /orm1 ! %ade ( ,ciacco1 ! ,flor5t9e1 sits up z he recognizes a fell[-citiz53 ,he said to me3 ',?y ,city :i* is fill$ ,) envy1 l a sack t ov]fl[s1 ,once held me 9 its tranquil life1 well skill$ ,9 da9ties1 & a glutton1 & by ^? ,:o dwelt !re ,ciacco call$1 b n[ ! bl[s ,( ?is fi]ce ra9 av5ge my wa/eful s94 ,sad z ,i am1 full _m ano!r kn[s ,= a l crime l p5alty )9 ,?is circle'1 & m ^w he spake n4 7,,vi1 #di47 ,9 ! f\r? circle ! poet sees ! s\ls ( ! prodigal & av>ici\s roll+ heavy /ones1 aga9/ ea* o!r ) mutual recrim9ations3 ,almighty ,ju/ice6 9 :at /ore ?\ heap'/ ,new pa9s1 new tr\bles1 z ,i "h beheld1 ,:]e=e do? fault ( ours br+ u to ?is8 ,e'en z a bill[1 on ,*>ybdis ris+ ,aga9/ enc\nt]$ bill[ da%+ breaks2 ,su* is ! dance ?is wret*$ race mu/ lead ,:om m ?an else:]e num]\s "h ,i f\nd4 7,,vii1 #ai47 ,! next is ! circle ( ! wra?ful & ! sull54 ,foll[+ is ! circle ( ! mat]iali/s & h]etics1 all cov]$ ) burn+ sepul*res3 ,soon z ,i 0 )91 ,i ca/ ar\nd ,my eyes & saw ext5d on ei!r h& ,a spaci\s pla91 t e*o$ to ! s\nd ,( grief & torm5t sore2 z o'er ! l& ,at ,aries :]e ,rhone's va/ wat]s /agnant /& ,or ,pola1 ne> ,qu>n]o ,bay1 t b\nds ,& ba!s ! l9e ( ,italy1 exp& ,pla9s r\gh & heav+ ) supul*ral m\nds1 ',tis ?us ! pla91 :]e9 ,i /ood1 ) tombs ab\nds1 ,save t ! buri$ 7 m grimly treat$4 ,= twixt ! graves 7 scatt]$ tongues ( fire ,by :i* to su* a pit* ! place 0 heat$ ,t iron c\ld no fi]c] flame require ,= art to m\ld x3 lam5tation dire ,issu$ f ea* unlidd$ vault1 & seem$ ,! voice ( ^? 9 torm5t4 ,f "o ( ^! fi]y tombs1 ! ,flor5t9e free?9k]1 ! haughty ,f>9ata1 rises ) brea/ & br[ erect1 z hold+ ,hell 9 great contempt1 & tells ,dante t ! s\ls ( ! lo/ h no k conc]n+ ?+s t are actually pass+ on e>?1 ?\gh !y "k ! pa/ & see ! future4 ,he =etells ! duration ( ! poet's exile & boa/s t he himself sav$ ,flor5ce f be+ raz$ to ! gr\nd4 ,:5 all decre$ t ,flor5ce %\ld be laid 9 ru9 ,i alone ) fe>less face def5d$ h]4 7,x1 #ia47 ,9 ! sev5? circle ,virgil leads ,dante to ! riv] ( blood1 9 :i* boils e "o :o by viol5ce injures o!rs4 ,c5taurs1 half horses & half m51 are !re4 ,ar\nd ! fosse !y g by ?\s&s1 pi]c+ ) _! arr[s :atev] _s wr5*es itself out ( ! blood f>!r ?an its guilt has allott$ = x4 7,,xii1 #gc47 ,) *>act]i/ic realism ! poet describes ,*iron1 "o ( ! lead]s ( ! ,c5taurs1 pu%+ back ) an arr[ 8 be>d z he prep>es to speak3 ,*iron took an arr[1 & ) ! not* put back 8 be>d ^u 8 jaws4 ,:5 he _h uncov]$ 8 great m\?1 he said to 8 companions3 ',h ye p]ceiv$ t ! "o beh9d 7,dante7 moves :at he t\*es8 ,! feet ( ! dead are n wont to d s4' 7,,xii1 #gf47 ,9 ! ?ird r\nd ( ,circle ,,vii ,dante meets 8 fri5d ,brunetto ,lat9i1 puni%$ = unnatural (f5ces4 ,i rememb]$ him & t[>d 8 face ,my h& incl9+1 answ]$3 ,s] ,brunetto6 ,& are ye "h8 ,he ?us to me3 ',my son6 ,oh let x n displease !e1 if ,brunetto ,lat9i b a little space ) !e ,turn back1 & leave 8 fell[s to proce$4' ,i ?us to him repli$3 ',mu* z ,i c1 ,i !reto pray !e3 & if ?\ be will+ ,t ,i "h seat me ) !e1 ,i cons5t3 ,8 leave ) :om ,i j\rney1 fir/ obta9'd4' ',o ,son1' said he1 ':oev] ( ?is ?rong ,"o in/ant /ops1 lies !n a hundr$ ye>s1 ,no fan to v5tilate him1 :5 ! fire ,smite/ sore/4 ,pass ?\ !re=e on4 ,i close ,w at ?y g>m5ts walk & !n rejo9 ,my tr\p1 :o g m\rn+ _! endless doom4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,7 all my wi% fulfill'd1 ,i /raight repli$1 ,?\ f ! conf9es ( man's nature yet ,had/ n be5 driv5 =?2 = 9 my m9d ,is fix'd1 & n[ /rikes full ^u my he>t1 ,! de>1 b5ign1 pat]nal image1 su* ,z ?9e 01 :5 s lately ?\ did/ tea* me ,! way = man to w9 et]nity3 ,& h[ ,i priz$ ! lesson1 x behoves1 ,t1 long z life endures1 my tongue %\ld speak4 7,,xv1 #bh47 ,! eigh? circle is kn[n z ,malebolge1 ,evil ,p\*es1 ( :i* !re are t54 ,"h are puni%$ diff]5tly p&]s1 s$uc]s1 flatt]]s1 simoni/s1 magicians1 *eats1 hypocrites1 ?ieves1 evil-c\nsellors1 =g]s4 ,9 ! n9? circle1 ! abode ( traitors1 :i* comprises f\r divisions1 nam$ respectively aft] ,ca9 7,ca9a71 ,ant5or ( ,troy 7,ant5ora71 ,ptolemy ( ,j]i*o 7,tolomea71 & ,judas ,isc>iot 7,giudecca71 ,dante sees 9 ! second division1 ,ant5ora1 ! %ade ( ! traitor ,ugol9o imprison$ 9 ice ) 8 enemy1 ,ar*bi%op ,ruggi]i1 by :om he 0 betray$4 ,ugol9o1 ) 8 two sons & two gr&sons1 7 lock$ 9 ! ,t[] ( ,fam9e at ,pisa1 ! key ( ! prison 0 ?r[n into ! riv] & ! prison]s began _! t]m ( />vation end+ 9 dea?4 ,! /ory ( ! imprisonm5t & ! dea? ( ! five prison]s is "o ( ! mo/ tragic recitals 9 ! doma9 ( lit]ature4 ,9 ! passage ,i quote1 ,ugol9o is relat+ 8 feel+s :5 he f9ds himself imprison$ ) 8 sons & gr&sons 9 ! ,t[] ( ,fam9e4 ,:5 ,i awoke be=e ! morn1 t day1 ,i he>d my little sons1 :o %>$ my cell1 ,= bread1 ev5 9 _! slumb]1 moan+ pray2 ,h>d art ?\1 if unmov$ ?\ he>e/ me tell ,! message t my he>t _h guess$ too well6 ,if ?is ?\ feel n1 :at c make !e feel8 ,& :5 we all 7 ris51 ! h\r befell ,at :i* 0 br\ght to u ! morn+ meal1 ,yet ea* "o d\bt$ sore :at might _! dreams reveal4 ,& z ! lock+ ( ! gate ,i he>d ,b5ea? t t]rible t[]1 ,i gaz$ alone ,into my *ildr5's faces1 )\t a ^w4 ,i wept n1 = )9 ,i turn$ to /one2 ,b saw t !y 7 weep+ e "o2 ',twas !n my d>l+ little ,anselm cri$3 ',y look s1 fa!r6 ,say1 :at h !y done8' ,/ill n a te> ,i %$1 nor ^w repli$ ,t day1 nor till t night 9 next day's dawn+ di$4 ,& z !re %ot into ?is prison dre> ,a little sunbeam1 by ^: light ,i caught ,my look ^u f\r faces mirror$ cle>2 ,bo? ( my h&s ,i bit1 by grief o'erwr\ght4 ,!n sudd5ly !y rose z if !y ?\ght ,i did x hung]+2 ',less our mis]y1' ,!y cri$1 ',%\ld'/ ?\ on u fe$1 :o are n\ght ,b creatures ve/$ 9 our fle% by !e3 ,!n /rip away ! we$s t /ill ?9e own mu/ be4' ,x calm$ me to make !m feel less _! fate2 ,two days we sp5t 9 sil5ce all =lorn2 ,e>?1 ,e>?1 oh :]e=e w]t ?\ obdurate1 ,& w\ld'/ n op56 ,on ! foll[+ morn ,gaddo1 be=e my face1 f life 0 torn6 ',c y n help me1 fa!r8' fir/ he cri$1 ,& p]i%$2 !n1 ,i saw ! y\ng] born1 ,?ree1 "o by "o1 fall ere ! six? day sp$-- ,pla9ly z y see me1 & ?is accurs$ head4 ',already bl9d1 ,i fondly grope my way ,to !m1 & = ?ree days _! names ,i call ,aft] _! dea?2 !n fam9e f\nd its prey ,& did :at sorr[ c\ld n4' ,?is 0 all ,he said4 7,,xxxiii1 #ce47 ,& n[ we come ) ! poets to ! l[e/ dep?s ( ,hell1 :]e we see imprison$ 9 ice ,lucif]1 huge & hide\s4 ,z we gaze on mank9d's enemy1 an ar*angel fall5 & puni%$ = s91 ! words ( ,isaias come to m9d3 ,h[ art ?\ fall5 f ,heav51 ,o ,lucif]1 :o did'/ rise 9 ! morn+6 ,h[ art ?\ fall5 to ! e>?1 t did'/ w\nd ! nations4 ,& ?\ said/ )9 ?y he>t1 ',i w asc5d into ,heav51 ,i w exalt my ?rone above ! />s ( ,god--,i w be l ! mo/ ,high4 ,b yet ?\ %alt be br\ght d[n to ,hell1 into ! v dep? ( ! pit4 7,is41 ,,xiv1 #ab47 ,let u see h[ ,dante puts ,lucif] into ! v dep? ( ! pit4 ,! lam5table k+dom's emp]or ,issu$ f out ! ice ) half 8 brea/2 ,& ) a giant m d ,i comp>e ,?an ) 8 arms d giants2 !re=e see ,h[ great mu/ be t :ole :i* corresponds ,unto a "p s fa%ion$4 ,if he 0 ,z beautiful z he is ugly n[1 ,& rais$ 8 br[s aga9/ 8 ,mak]1 sure ,all sorr[fulness mu/ proce$ f him4 ,ah6 h[ great m>vel unto me x seem$ ,:5 ,i beheld ?ree faces to 8 head6 ,! "o be=e1 & t 0 v]meil-hue2 ,two 7 ! o!rs :i* adjo9$ to ?is1 ,ov] ! mid/ ( ei!r %\ld]1 & ,!y made ! jo9+ :]e ! cr[n is plac$4 ,& betwe5 :ite & yell[ seem$ ! "r2 ,! left 0 su* an "o to be beheld ,z come f !re :]e9 ! ,nile is sunk4 ,!re issu$ "u ea* two mighty w+s1 ,su* z 'twas fitt+ = s great a bird3 ,i nev] saw ! sails ( %ipp+ su*4 ,!y _h n fea!rs1 b ! mode !re( ,0 l a bat's2 & ^! he flutt]$ s ,t f him !re 0 mov$ a ?reefold w9d3 ,cocytus all 0 froz5 ov] h5ce4 ,) six eyes wept he1 & ?ree *9s along ,! weep+ trickl$1 & a bloody foam4 ,at e m\? he %att]$ ) 8 tee? ,a s9n]1 9 ! mann] ( a brake1 ,s t he ?us made w(ul ?ree ( !m4 ,! bit+ = ! =emo/ "o 0 n\ght ,unto ! scrat*+1 = at times ! sp9e ,rema9$ ( all ! sk9 completely /ripp$4 ',t s\l above :i* has mo/ puni%m5t ,is1' said my "l1 ',judas ,isc>iot1 ,:o has 8 head )91 & outside plies ,8 legs4 ,o' ! o!r two1 ^: head is d[n1 ,brutus is he :o f ! black head hangs2 ,see h[ he wri!s1 & does n speak a ^w3 ,! o!r's ,cassius1 :o appe>s1 s gaunt1' 7,,xxxiv1 #bh-fg7 ,n[ t ! lesson is le>n$ t ! wages ( s9 is dea?1 t s9 w f9d a man out & br+ him to ! judgm5t ( ,god1 ! graci\s guide c release 8 companion f 8 awful contemplation4 ,n[ x is "t = u to g1 says ,virgil1 = we h se5 all4 ,by a secret pa? lead+ to ,purgatory ! pilgrims make _! way ?r\gh ! d>kness1 guid$ by ! enc\rag+ murmur ( runn+ wat]4 ,x is a /reamlet ( disc>d$ s91 fl[+ con/antly f ,purgatory1 :5ce wick$ness is wa%$ d[n to its orig9al ,satanic s\rce4 ,by t hidd5 way ,my guide & ,i did ent]1 to return ,to ! fair _w2 & he$less ( repose ,we climb'd1 he fir/1 ,i foll[+ 8 /eps1 ,till on our view ! beautiful lights ( ,heav5 ,dawn'd ?r\gh a circul> op5+ 9 ! cave ,!nce issu+ we aga9 beheld ! />s4 ,,dante',s ,,purgatorio ,,dante',s ,,purgatorio ,purgatory1 z a doctr9e1 is peculi> to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 ,purgatory1 z a discipl9e f s9 to virtue1 is a practice foll[$ by a l>ge portion ( humanity4 ,! latt] fact expla9s :y s _m :o reject ! dogma1 /ill love & admire ,dante's ,purgatorio1 :i*1 :ile x tea*es ! doctr9e ( ! int]m$iate /ate1 also s]ves z an allegory1 ! mo/ helpful & beautiful allegory1 p]haps1 9 ! lit]ature ( ! _w4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ,dean ,/anley1 x is ! mo/ religi\s book he ev] read4 ,x makes a peculi> appeal to ! mod]n m9d because1 z ,gr&g5t says3 ,x's !me is bett]m5t1 release f s9 & prep>ation = ,heav5 444 7&7 its atmosph]e is rightly "o ( hope & progress4 ,d9smore decl>es3 ,purgatory z a place may n exi/ 9 our sy/em ( ?\ght1 b life is a cleans+ process if we take its h>d%ips 9 a prop] _s4 ,9 ano!r place he ass]ts3 ,9 pond]+ ! way ( life by :i* ?is high prie/ ( ! ,middle ,ages 7,dante7 proclaims t m5 atta9 p]fect lib]ty1 we _c b rem>k ! /ress he lays ^u a pr9ciple :i* has well-nigh fad$ f ! ,prote/ant m9d4 ,x is t ( expiation--7&7 expiation is no mu/y dogma ( ! s*oolm51 b a liv+ tru?4444 ,dante plac$ m emphasis on ! human side ( ! problem ?an we1 & = ?is reason he des]ves att5tive /udy1 hav+ portray$ mo/ p[]fully "s tru?s :i* our age1 s eag] to break f ! n>r[ness ( ! pa/1 has ov]look$4 ,9 agreem5t ) ?is /atem5t ( ! le>n$ ,congregational div9e is ,william ,t4 ,h>ris1 =m] ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission] ( ,education1 :o obs]ves 9 8 ,spiritual ,s5se ( ! ,div9a ,comm$ia1 t if ,purgatory is abs5t f ! ,prote/ant cre$1 ! ?\ght ( :i* ,purgatory 9 ?is life is ! symbol1 is n uncommon 9 non-,ca?olic lit]ature4 ,8 exact words are3 ,if ,prote/antism has omitt$ ,purgatory f its religion1 c]ta9ly ,prote/ant lit]ature has tak5 x up & absorb$ x entire1 & = pro( he po9ts to ! moral1 among o!r books1 ( ,! ,sc>let ,lett]1 ,! ,m>ble ,faun1 ,adam ,b$e & ,romola1 all %[+ ,t m5 may rise on /epp+ /ones ,( _! dead selves to high] ?+s4 ,dante1 ! !ologian1 makes 8 allegory gr[ out ( ! doctr9e ( ,purgatory4 ,accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 temporal puni%m5t is connect$ ) s94 ,ev5 :5 ! guilt ( s9 is =giv51 ! ju/ice ( ,god 9 mo/ cases calls = am5ds by means ( ! temporal puni%m5t ( ! s9n]4 ,holy ,writ gives u in/ances ( ! op]ation ( ?is law4 ,adam1 ?\gh br\ght out ( 8 disob$i5ce 7,wisdom ,x1 #b7 0 condemn$ to eat bread 9 ! sweat ( 8 face 7,g54 ,,iii1 #ai7 to 8 dy+ day4 ,moses & ,a>on 7 =giv5 = _! s9 ( incr$ulity1 b !y 7 puni%$ by be+ depriv$ ( ! glory ( ent]+ ! ,l& ( ,promise4 7,num41 ,,xx1 #ab47 ,to ,k+ ,david1 p]fectly contrite1 ! prophet ,na?an ann\nces 9 ! "n ( ,god1 ! =giv5ess ( ! guilt ( adult]y & murd]1 yet he mu/ suff] = 8 s94 ,na?an said to ,david3 ',! ,"l also ha? tak5 away ?y s94 ,?\ %alt n die4 ,nev]!less1 because ?\ ha/ giv5 occasion to ! enemies ( ! ,"l to blaspheme = ?is ?+1 ! *ild %all die1' & x came to pass on ! sev5? day t ! *ild di$ 7,,ii ,k+s ,,xii1 #ac47 ,f ^! in/ances x is evid5t t :5 ,god =gives ! guilt ( s9s & ! et]nal puni%m5t due to su* ( !m z are mortal1 ,he does n remove ! temporal puni%m5t :i* mu/ be satisfi$ 9 ?is life or 9 ! life to come4 ,t is true1 ! ,*ur* tea*es1 ev5 ( unrep5t$ v5ial s9 ) its debt ( temporal puni%m5t4 ,:ile v5ial s9 does n de/roy ! sup]natural life ( ! s\l & :ile1 !re=e1 x is n said to be puni%able 9 ,hell1 /ill x is s9 9 ! sight ( ,him ^: eyes are too pure to behold evil4 7,hab41 ,i1 #ac47 ,n[ ! ,*ur* has ev] held t into ,heav5 !re %all n ent] any?+ defil$4 7,apoc41 ,,xxi1 #bg47 ,likewise1 %e has taught t ,hell is ! et]nal puni%m5t ( s\ls ^: griev\s guilt has n be5 =giv54 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 accord+ to h] tea*+s1 t !re mu/ be a middle /ate = ! cleans+ ( unrep5t$ v5ial s9s & = ! satisfaction ( s9s already =giv5 b n :olly expiat$4 ,?is /ate or place is call$ ,purgatory1 ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( :i* is confirm$ by ! practice ( pray+ = ! dead1 a practice bas$ on ! tea*+s ( ! ,old & ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 ! second book ( ,maccabees 7,,xii1 #dc1 #df7 we read t ,judas1 ! g5]al ( ! ,hebrew army1 s5t twelve ?\s& dra*ms ( silv] to ,j]usalem = sacrifice to be (f]$ = ! s9s ( ! dead1 ?9k+ well & religi\sly conc]n+ ! resurrection4 7,= if he _h n hop$ t !y t 7 sla9 %\ld rise aga91 x w\ld h seem$ sup]flu\s & va9 to pray = ! dead47 ,& because he consid]$ t !y :o _h fall5 asleep ) godl9ess _h great grace laid up = !m4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a holy & :olesome ?\ght to pray = ! dead t !y may be loos$ f s9s4 ,?is doctr9e presupposes t ! dead = :om pray] is pr(itable are nei!r 9 ,heav51 ! abode ( ! elect1 nor 9 ,hell1 f :i* release is n possible1 b 9 a /ate ( purification1 la/+ = a "t4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t alludes to t /ate4 ,*ri/ decl>es3 ,& :osoev] %all speak a ^w aga9/ ! ,son ( ,man1 x %all be =giv5 him2 b he t %all speak aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/1 x %all n be =giv5 him1 nei!r 9 ?is _w nor 9 ! _w to come4 7,matt41 ,,xii1 #cb47 ,^! words imply t !re is a future /ate 9 :i* "s s9s are purg$ away1 :ile !re is ano!r /ate 7,hell7 9 :i* ! puni%m5t is et]nal4 ,! words ( ,/4 ,paul3 ,if any man's "w burn1 he %all suff] loss2 b he himself %all be sav$1 yet s z by fire 7#a ,cor41 ,,iii1 #ae71 are int]pret$ to mean ! exi/5ce ( a middle /ate 9 :i* un=giv5 v5ial s9s & ! temporal puni%m5t due to s9 w be burnt away & ! s\l ?us purifi$ w atta9 et]nal life4 ,to /ate ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* briefly1 let x be said t ! ,*ur* has def9$ t !re is a ,purgatory & t ! s\ls 9 ,purgatory are help$ by ! suffrages ( ! fai?ful4 ,out ( facts s g5]al1 ,dante ! poet1 has creat$ a ,purgatory :olly unique 9 ! realms ( lit]ature1 & amaz+ly def9ite z to place1 =m1 atmosph]e1 inhabitants & _! activities4 ,9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 at ! v antipodes ( ,j]usalem1 out ( an ocean on :i* !re is no o!r l& 7accord+ to ,dante's sy/em ( cosmography7 spr+s ! isl& ( ,purgatory1 r$ol5t ) fl[]s1 lovely ) music1 peace keep+ pace ) p5ance ov] all ! region4 ,n a flat1 unbrok5 pla9 is ?is isl&1 b a m\nta9 ^: %ores are wa%$ by ! ocean1 f :i* ! e>? =c$ f ! int]ior by ,lucif]'s fall1 rises 9 a truncat$ conical /ructure4 ,:ile its coa/ & ! l& bel[ ! t]races are )9 ! zone ( air1 its heights ext5d into ! sph]e ( fire & its cr[n is ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,! l[e/ "p ( ! m\nta9 call$ ,ante-,purgatorio is ! abode ( ! procra/9ators & ! excommunicat$ :o put (f _! rep5tance to ! end & n[ mu/ suff] a proportionate delay be=e !y are p]mitt$ to beg9 _! asc5t1 _! "w ( purification4 ,purification beg9s only aft] ! s\l passes into ,purgatory prop]4 ,at ! entrance is ,/4 ,pet]'s gate1 gu>d$ by an angel1 :o1 ) 8 sword inscribes on ! br[ ( ! p5it5t sev5 times ! lett] ,p1 ! fir/ lett] ( ! ^w ,peccatum1 signify+ s94 ,^! sev5 ,p's1 outw>d signs ( inw>d evil1 repres5t ! sev5 capital s9s1 ! ,p's ( :i* are remov$ 9 succession by an angel z p5ance is done = ea* s9 on its correspond+ t]race4 ,! sev5 t]races :i* run ar\nd ! m\nta91 rise 9 succession ) less5+ circuit z asc5t is made1 _! wid? be+ ab\t sev5te5 or eighte5 feet4 ,connect+ ea* t]race & cut out ( solid rock is a n>r[ /airway1 gu>d$ by an angel4 ,! /eps ( ea* successive /airway become less /eep z ea* t]race is atta9$4 ,cr[n+ ! m\nta9 is ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 lonely & des]t$ s9ce ,adam & ,eve1 aft] six h\rs ( occupancy1 7 =c$ f its conf9es4 ,its h]bage is /ill luxuriant1 its fl[]s endless & fragrant1 its trees1 melodi\s ) birds1 ru/le ) ! balmy w9d1 its wat]s s]ve to irrigate ! g>d5 z well z to help ! s\l4 ,^! wat]s1 ! riv]s ,le! & ,eunoe1 are produc$ f heav5ly s\rces & h miracul\s p[]s4 ,! =m] removes ! memory ( s92 ! latt] re/ores ! recollection ( virtu\s de$s1 a poetical way ( express+ ! ,ca?olic dogma1 t ) ! revival ( grace 9 ! he>t ( ! conv]t$ s9n] comes back ! m]it t _h be5 acquir$ by moral acts4 ,! problem :i* ,dante sets out to solve 9 8 ,purgatory is ?is3 ,assum+ t ! s9n] has be5 baptiz$1 h[ c he break 8 %ackles & atta9 to ! lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god8 ,! lit]al n>rative ( ,dante's ,purgatory presuppos+ t ! s\l at ! h\r ( dea? is 9 ! /ate ( grace1 n[ %[s u t s\l work+ t[>ds p]fection by way ( expiation = un=giv5 v5ial s9 & = ! temporal puni%m5t due to s94 ,x is ! only way by :i* x c aga9 atta9 its pri/9e dignity4 ,& to 8 dignity he nev] returns1 says ,dante1 unless :]e s9 makes void1 he fill up = evil pleasures j p5alties4 ,! rule holds good1 also1 = salvation 9 ?is _w4 ,! ?9 veil ( allegory enables u to p5etrate ,dante's tea*+ t ?is life also is a ,purgatory1 & "h1 too1 we may ca/ (f ! defilem5t ( s9 by means ( rep5tance & expiation4 ,b fir/ ! s\l mu/ be girt ) ! ru% ( humility1 & h p]fect contrition repres5t$ by its be+ wa%$ ) ! dew1 ! moi/ure t desc5ds f ,heav54 ,to ,virgil 7,reason guid$ by ,heav57 says ,cato 7! symbol ( ,lib]ty71 ,g1 !n1 & see t ?\ gird ?is man ) a smoo? ru% & t ?\ wa% 8 face 7) dew7 s t ?\ efface f x all f\lness1 = x w\ld n be fitt+ to g into ! pres5ce ( ! fir/ ,m9i/]1 :o is ( ^? ( ,p>adise1 ) eyes dimm$ by any mi/4 7#a1 #ie47 ,b ev5 if ! s\l1 by p]fect contrition1 is fre$ f its guilt ( mortal s91 x mu/ accord+ to ! m9d ( ,*ri/1 :o in/itut$ ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance = ! remission ( s91 submit to ! p[] ( ! keys committ$ to ! prie/hood & t w be ! m necess>y if its contrition is imp]fect4 ,:ile p]fect contrition )\t ! sacram5t ( ,p5ance may remit s91 if ! sup]natural motive ( sorr[ is n ! love ( ,god1 b a motive less wor?y1 e4g41 fe> ( puni%m5t1 =giv5ess is to be obta9$ only by ! wor?y reception ( ,p5ance4 ,9 o!r words1 ! p5it5t mu/ confess 8 s9 to a duly au?oriz$ prie/1 express 8 contrition1 accept ! p5ance enjo9$ by ! confessor = ! satisfaction ( s9 & be absolv$ by virtue ( ! words ( ,*ri/3 ,^: s9s y %all =give !y are =giv5 & ^: s9s y %all reta91 !y are reta9$4 ,all ?is is mo/ beautifully express$ by ,dante 9 8 description ( ! ,gate ( ,/4 ,pet] & its angelic keep]3 ,! l[e/ /air 0 m>ble :ite1 s smoo? ,& poli%'d t !re9 my mirror'd =m ,di/9ct ,i saw4 ,! next ( hue m d>k ,?an sable/ gra91 a r\gh & s+$ block1 ,crack$ l5g?wise & across4 ,! ?ird1 t lay ,massy above1 seem$ prophyry1 t flam'd ,r$ z ! life-blood sp\t+ f a ve94 ,on ?is ,god's angel ei!r foot su/a9'd1 ,^u ! ?re%old seat$1 :i* appe>'d ,a rock ( diamond4 ,up ! tr9al /eps ,my lead] *e]ly drew me4 ',ask1' said he1 ',) humble he>t1 t he unb> ! bolt4' ,pi\sly at 8 holy feet devolv'd ,i ca/ me1 pray+ him = pity's sake ,t he w\ld op5 to me3 b fir/ fell ,?rice on my bosom pro/rate4 ,sev5 times ,! lett]1 t d5otes ! inw>d /a91 ,he on my =ehead ) ! blunt$ po9t ,( ! drawn sword inscrib'd4 ,& ',look1' he cri$1 ',:5 ent]'d1 t ?\ wa% ^! sc>s away4' ,a%es1 or e>? ta'en dry out ( ! gr\nd1 ,7 ( "o col\r ) ! robe he wore4 ,f und]nea? t ve/m5t =? he drew ,two keys ( metal twa93 ! "o 0 gold1 ,its fell[ silv]4 ,) ! pallid fir/1 ,& next ! burni%'d1 he s ply'd ! gate1 ,z to cont5t me well4 ',:5ev] "o ,faile? ( ^!1 t 9 ! keyhole /raight ,x turn n1 to ?is alley !n expect ,access 9 va94' ,su* 7 ! words he spake1 ',"o is m preci\s2 b ! o!r ne$s ,skill & sagacity1 l>ge %>e ( ea*1 ,ere its good task to dis5gage ! knot ,be wor?ily p]=m'd4 ,f ,pet] ^! ,i hold1 ( him in/ruct$1 t ,i err ,r 9 op5+ ?an 9 keep+ fa/1 ,s b ! suppliant at my feet implore4' ,!n ( t hall['d gate he ?ru/ ! door1 ,exclaim+1 ',ent]1 b ?is w>n+ he>3 ,he =? aga9 dep>ts :o looks beh9d4' 7,,ix1 #ge47 ,! allegory back ( ^! words is put =? 9 cle> language by ,m>ia ,f4 ,rossetti4 ,we ne$ h>dly to be told %e writes 9 h] ,%ad[ ( ,dante 7pp4 #aab-ac7 t ! ,gate ( ,/4 ,pet] is ! ,tribunal ( ,p5ance4 ,! triple /air /&s reveal$ z c&id ,confession mirror+ ! :ole man1 m\rnful ,contrition break+ ! h>d he>t ( ! gaz] on ! ,cross1 ,love all aflame (f]+ up 9 ,satisfaction ! lifeblood ( body1 s\l1 & _s3--! adamant9e ?re%old-seat z ! priceless m]its ( ,*ri/ ! ,door1 ,*ri/ ! ,rock1 ,*ri/ ! sure ,f\ndation & ! preci\s ,corn]-,/one4 ,9 ! ,angel ( ! ,gate1 z 9 ! ,gospel ,angel ( ,be!sda1 is disc]n$ ! ,confessor2 9 ! dazzl+ radiance ( 8 c\nt5ance1 ! exce$+ glory ( ! m9i/ration ( righte\sness2 9 ! p5it5tial robe1 ! sympa!tic meekness :]eby1 re/or+ "o ov]tak5 9 a fault1 he consid]s himself le/ he also be tempt$2 9 ! sword1 ! :olesome sev]ity ( 8 discipl9e2 9 ! gold5 key1 8 div9e au?ority2 9 ! silv]1 ! disc]nm5t ( spirits :]eby he d5ies absolution to ! imp5it5t1 ! le>n+ & discretion :]eby he directs ! p5it5t4 ,dante's plan ( ,purgatorial puni%m5t makes no di/9ction betwe5 ! puni%m5t put =? = un=giv5 v5ial s9 & t due 9 satisfaction = ! violation ( ! moral ord] by "o ^: guilt has be5 remitt$4 ,bo? p>take ( ! same p5alty4 ,is t because ! poet ?9ks t if =giv5ess is f9ally won by sorr[ & suff]+1 expiation = ! (f5ce is /ill to be made8 ,or does he hold t ! sev5 capital s9s entail+ temporal puni%m5t ei!r op]ate effectively 9 e s\l1 or exi/ at lea/ radically accord+ to ! pr9ciple voic$ by ,hamilton ,wright ,mabie3 ,! man :o sl[ly builds ,heav5 ) him1 has con/antly ! t]rible k t he has only to put 8 h& =? 9 ano!r direction 9 ord] to build ,hell8 ,9 any ev5t ,dante1 :o %[s 9 ,hell h[ m5 are made s9 et]nally1 9 ,purgatory exhibits ! s9ful disposition m or less "u ! control ( ! w1 yet ( su* a nature t only ! grace ( ,god held ! s\l back f ! ,abyss4 ,x mu/ be purg$ ( all t5d5cy to evil s z to be made pure & ready to m\nt to ! />s4 7,,xxxiii1 #adj47 ,! purgation is se5 9 process 9 a ?reefold mann] accord+ to ,dante4 ,a mat]ial puni%m5t is inflict$ to mortify ! evil passion & to incite ! s\l to virtue2 ! s\l m$itates ^u ! capital s9 & its opposite virtue1 mov$ to abhorr5ce ( ! evil & to admiration ( ! good by examples drawn f sacr$ & pr(ane hi/ory2 vocal pray] is address$ to ,god & x br+s =? grace to purify & /r5g!n ! s\l4 ,h>d 9 ! beg9n+ is ?is "w ( rep5tance1 b x becomes easy z ! habit ( virtue is =m$4 ,! m\nta9 is su*1 t ev] ,at ! beg9n+ d[n bel[1 'tis tiresome ,& aye ! m "o climbs1 ! less x hurts4 7,,iv1 #ij47 ,z purification f ea* capital s9 is effect$1 ! s\l exp]i5ces ! removal ( a heavy burd5 & ! consequ5t enjoym5t ( new lib]ty1 ,dante1 purifi$ f pride1 asks ,virgil3 ,ma/]1 say :at heavy ?+ has be5 lift$ f me1 t sc>ce any toil is p]ceiv$ by me 9 j\rney+4 ,he answ]$ ,:5 ! ,p's :i* h rema9$ /ill ne>ly ext+ui%$ on ?y face1 %all l ! "o be :olly ras$ out1 ?y feet %all be s vanqui%$ by goodwill1 t n only w !y feel x no toil1 b x %all be a delight to !m to be urg$ upw>d4 7,,xii1 #aah74 ,m5tion 0 made ( ! mat]ial puni%m5t ( ! s\ls 9 ,purgatory4 ,unlike ! retributive p5alties inflict$ 9 ,hell1 ?is puni%m5t is re=mative1 confirm+ ! p5it5t 9 good habits ( ?\ght & de$4 ,! pr\d "h realize ! irrevocable s5t5ce ev]yone :o exalte? himself %all be humbl$4 ,!y creep r\nd ) huge burd5s ( /one b[+ !m d[n to ! v du/ & s abas$ _! he>ts are turn$ to humility4 ,! envi\s s+ ! praises ( g5]osity :ile _! eyes1 ! seat ( _! s9s1 are tortur$ by sutures ( wire %utt+ out ! light4 ,! slo?ful _c be re/ra9$ 9 _! hurry =w>d1 ! lead]s1 %\t+ ) te>s1 examples ( dilig5ce1 a pair 9 ! re> cry+ out in/ances ( slo?4 ,p5it5ts expiat+ ! s9s ( av>ice & prodigality lie pro/rate & motionless b\nd h& & foot1 ) _! faces to ! gr\nd1 murmur+ ! words ( ! psalmi/3 ,my s\l ha? cleav$ to ! pavem5t 7,ps41 #aah1 #be47 ,dur+ ! day !y eulogize ! lib]al2 dur+ ! night !y d5\nce in/ances ( av>ice4 ,! glutton\s suff] s mu* f hung] & ?ir/ t !y are r$uc$ to a /ate ( pitiable emaciation4 ,all ! :ile hung]+ = righte\sness1 !y glory 9 crucify+ ! old ,adam 9 !m4 ,! un*a/e purify _! passion 9 hot flames :ile o!r p5it5ts s+ ! lovel9ess ( *a/ity & proclaim _m examples ( t virtue4 ,?r\gh ?is purification by suff]+1 ! spirits n only submit will+ly b !y exhibit real cont5tm5t if n actual love ( ! *a/isem5t impos$ ^u !m4 ,! un*a/e n only he$fully keep )9 ! flames b gladly endure ! fire because !y are conv9c$ ) su* treatm5t & ) su* diet mu/ ! la/ w\nd be heal$ 7,,xxv1 #acf74 ,& mo/ beautiful & enlight5+ ( all1 "o ( ! s\ls tells ,dante t ! same impulse :i* br\ght ,*ri/ gladly to ! agony ( ! ,cross ?r[s !m ^u _! suff]+s4 ,=ese1 speak+ = ! glutton\s1 says t ! mood 9 :i* !y accept ! p5it5tial pa9s is "o ( submission z well z ( solace4 ,& n only once1 :ile circl+ ?is road1 is our pa9 r5ew$4 ,i say pa9 & ought to say solace1 = t desire leads u to ! tree :i* l$ glad ,*ri/ to say1 ',eli1' :5 ,he made u free ) 8 blood4 7,,xxiii1 #ga74 ,! av>ici\s confess s long z x %all be ! pleasure ( ! j ,"l1 s long %all we lie "h motionless & out/ret*$ 7,,xix1 #abe74 ,among ! envi\s1 ,guida del ,duca prays ,dante to cont9ue 8 j\rney in/ead ( /opp+ to int]rogate him1 = he himself delights f> m to weep ?an to talk 7,,xiv1 #abe74 ,! slo?ful 9 _! eag]ness n to int]rupt _! dilig5ce 9 p5ance1 by _! conv]s+ ) ,virgil1 entreat him n to ascribe ?is attitude to disc\rtesy1 ,we are s fill$ ) desire to spe$ on !y tell ! poets t /ay we _c1 !re=e =give if ?\ hold our p5ance = rud5ess4 7,,xviii1 #aae74 ,by su* in/ances & by _m o!rs does our poet %[ ! cont5t$ _s prevail+ 9 ,purgatory4 ,he makes x1 inde$1 a realm ^: v atmosph]e is "o ( peace1 because ! w ( ,god is done !re ev5 9 ! mid/ ( suff]+4 ,! greet+ !re is ,my bro!rs1 may ,god give u peace 7,,xxi1 #ac74 ,! p5it5ts pray = a f> great] measure ( peace3 ,voices ,i he>d & e "o appe>$ to supplicate = peace & mis]icord ! ,lamb ( ,god :o takes away our s9s 7,,xvi1 #ae74 ,:5 ! wra?ful f9i% _! p5ance an angel says to !m1 ,bless$ are ! peacemak]s :o are )\t ill ang] 7,,xvii1 #fh74 ,! wat]s ( ,purgatory are call$ ! wat]s ( peace :i* are ! s\ls diffus$ f ! et]nal f\nta9 7,,xvi1 #acc74 ,dante addresses ! s\ls z c]ta9 ( ga9+ ! un5d+ peace ( ,p>adise4 ,o ,s\ls1 sure 9 ! possession :5ev] x may be ( a /ate ( peace 7,,xxvi1 #ed74 ,& :5 ! day ( release comes on :i* a s\l atta9s p]fect peace1 ! :ole m\nta9 ( ,purgatory lit]ally ?rills ) joy & e voice is rais$ to jo9 ! h>moni\s conc]t ( ! angelic hymn fir/ sung at ,be?lehem1 ,gloria 9 ,excelsis ,deo4 ,9 ?is way does ! poet tea* u ! lesson t bo? ,purgatory prop] & ! p5it5tial discipl9e ( life give u a peace :olly 9 contra/ ) ! upro> ( s9 :e!r he>d 9 ! halls ( consci5ce or 9 ! et]nal ,h]eaft]4 ,h[ diff]5t are ^? op5+s f ^? 9 ,hell1 he says1 = "h we ent] ?r\gh songs & d[n !re ?r\gh fi]ce wail+s 7,,xii1 #aab74 ,al?\gh our poet1 imbu$ ) ! ,ca?olic doctr9e1 tea*es t int]cessory pray] helps ! s\l to %ort5 its t]m 9 ,purgatory--a doctr9e b\nd up ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,communion ( ,sa9ts--x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t ,dante is a ,ca?olic prea*] :5 he insi/s t p]sonal ef=t aid$ by ,god's grace1 is ! ?+ ( supreme importance 9 ! matt] ( salvation & purification4 ,nei!r lip-sorr[ nor ! sacram5ts !mselves unless accompani$ by true sorr[ & rep5tance1 c pr(it ! s\l4 ,he _c be absolv$ :o do? n fir/ rep5t1 nor c he rep5t ! s9 & w x at ! same "t1 = ?is 7 contradiction to :i* reason _c ass5t 7,inf41 ,,xxvii1 #aah47 ,pray] c help ! s\l /ruggl+ 9 life or 9 ,purgatory prop]1 b ! assi/ance d]iv$ f pray] c nev] d away ) ! necessity ( p]sonal p5ance4 ,conqu] ?y pant+ ) ! s\l t conqu]s e battle if ) its heavy body x s9ks n d[n4 ,let u n[ he> h[ ,dante s+s ( t second realm 9 :i* ! human s\l is purifi$ & becomes wor?y to asc5d to ,heav5 7,i1 #e74 ,com+ out ( ! blackness ( ,hell j be=e dawn on ,ea/] ,sunday1 ,virgil & ,dante are entranc$ at ! beautiful sc5e be=e !m4 ,?r\gh a cl\dless sky ( t deep blue = :i* ! sapphire is not$1 %9es ,v5us1 ! morn+ />2 9 ! s\? appe> f\r wond]ful />s ( /ill great] brilliancy1 se5 be=e only by our fir/ p>5ts4 ,sweet %e5 ( ori5tal sapphire hue ,t1 mantl+ 9 ! aspect calm & bright ,( ! pure air1 to ! primal circle grew1 ,began afre% to give my eyes delight ,soon z ,i issu$ f ! dea?ful air ,t _h ca/ sadness o'er my m9d & sight1 ,! beaute\s planet t = love takes c>e ,0 mak+ ! ,ea/ laugh ?r\gh all its span1 ,veil+ ! ,fi%1 t 9 its escort 7 ,turn$ to ! "r1 ,i set my m9d to scan ,! o!r pole2 & f\r />s met my gaze ,ne'er se5 be=e1 except by primal man ,heav5 seem$ rejoic+ 9 _! flam+ rays4 ,! two poets look+ to ! nor? see ,cato ! ,w>d] ( ,purgatory1 8 face illum9at$ by ! f\r />s1 typical ( ! c>d9al virtues1 ,prud5ce1 ,ju/ice1 ,=titude & ,temp]ance4 ,is ,dante's selection ( ,cato1 ! pagan suicide1 z ! gu>dian ( ,*ri/ian ,purgatory1 to be tak5 z an example ( ! broadm9d$ness ( ! poet :o believes s wide arms ha? goodness inf9ite1 t x receives all :o turn to x8 ,or is x an in/ance %[+ h[ ! leav5 ( ! old ,roman _s 9 ! poet--a _s :i* ju/ifies suicide1 prevails ) 8 pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity :i* condemns ! tak+ ( "o's life8 ,:atev] be ! answ] ,cato's tak+ 8 own life r ?an r5\nce lib]ty is symbolical ( ! s\l1 de/roy+ all selfi%ness t x may atta9 ! light & fre$om ( spiritual life4 ,9 ! poem ,cato is repres5t$ z *all5g+ ! poets z if !y 7 fugitives f ,hell4 ,:5 he is told t x is by div9e decree t ! pilgrims are mak+ ! j\rney1 he bids ,virgil cleanse ,dante ) dew & gird him ) a ru% & he concludes by say+3 !n be n ?is way y\r return1 ! sun :i* n[ is ris+1 w %[ y h[ to take ! m\nt at an easi] asc5t--words ^: spiritual s5se w\ld seem to be t once ! s\l has turn$ to virtue1 x mu/ nev] g back to s9 & 9 its upw>d pa? to p]fection x w be guid$ by ! rays ( div9e grace 7! sun7 ^: enlight5m5t w make ! asc5t easi]4 ,:ile l+]+ on ! %ore1 undecid$ :i* way to turn1 ! poets see a great m>vel4 ,ov] ! wat] danc+ ) sunlight comes a :ite boat propell$ by ! :ite w+s ( an angel call$ ! ,div9e ,bird1 r$ ) flame & br++ f ! banks ( ! ,tib]1 ! bosom ( ! ,*ur*1 ov] a hundr$ s\ls to beg9 _! t]m 9 ,purgatory4 ,9 ,*>on's b>k ! reprobate s\ls fill ! air ) _! imprecations2 9 ! angel-/e]$ boat ! spirits com+ to ,purgatory dev\tly *ant3 ,:5 ,israel w5t out ( ,egypt1 ! psalm s fitt+ly descriptive ( _! own lib]ation f guilt & _! com+ into peace4 ,"h is ! description ( ! sc5e3 ,& lo6 z :51 ^u ! approa* ( morn+1 ,?r\gh ! gross vap\rs ,m>s gr[n fi]y r$ ,d[n 9 ! ,we/ ^u ! ocean floor1 ,appe>$ to me--may ,i aga9 behold x6-- ,a light along ! sea s swiftly com+1 ,its motion by no flight ( w+ is equall$2 ,f :i* :5 ,i a little _h )drawn ,m9e eyes1 t ,i might "q my ,conductor1 ,aga9 ,i saw x bright] gr[n & l>g]4 ,!n on ea* side ( x appe>$ to me ,i knew n :at ( :ite1 & und]nea? x ,little by little !re came =? ano!r4 ,my ,ma/] yet _h utt]$ n a ^w ,:ile ! fir/ :it5ess into w+s unfold$2 ,b :5 he cle>ly recogniz$ ! pilot1 ,he cri$3 ',make ha/e1 make ha/e to b[ ! knee6 ,behold ! ,angel ( ,god6 fold ?\ ?y h&s6 ,h5ce=w>d %alt ?\ see su* (fic]s6 ,see h[ he scorne? human argum5ts1 ,s t nor o> he wants1 nor o!r sail ,?an 8 own w+s1 betwe5 s di/ant %ores4 ,see h[ he holds !m po9t$ up to heav51 ,fann+ ! air ) ! et]nal p9ions1 ,t d n m\nt !mselves l mortal hair6' ,!n z /ill ne>] & m ne> u came ,! ,bird ,div9e1 m radiant he appe>$1 ,s t ne> by ! eye c\ld n endure him1 ,b d[n ,i ca/ x2 & he came to %ore ,) a small vessel1 v swift & light1 ,s t ! wat] swall[$ naught !re(4 ,^u ! /]n /ood ! ,cele/ial ,pilot2 ,beatitude seem$ writt5 9 8 face1 ,& m ?an a hundr$ spirits sat )94 7,,ii1 #ac47 ,& n[ occurs a t\*+ episode :i* %[s h[ deep & ri* is fri5d%ip 9 ,dante's he>t4 ,"o ( ! %ades recogniz+ him1 /eps =w>d ) a look s full ( affection to embrace him t ! poet is mov$ to d likewise4 ,amazem5t ensues on bo? sides4 ,! _s f9ds ,dante alive 9 ! fle% & he 9 turn on acc\nt ( ! impalpability ( ! %ade clasps only empty air4 ,b !re is mutual recognition4 ,dante asks 8 newly-f\nd fri5d ,casella1 ! musician1 to s+ z he us$ to d :5 8 sweet voice soo!d ! tr\bl$ he>t ( ! poet & bani%$ 8 c>es4 ,may x please !e !re) to solace a:ile my s\l t ) its mortal =m1 j\rney+ "h1 is sore di/ress$4 ,casella's answ] is z lov+ z x is surpris+4 ,he s+s "o ( ,dante's canzoni & ! :ole p>ty li/5 ) int5t delight f9ally brok5 by ! *id+ words ( ,cato3 ,:at is ?is ye lagg>d spirits8 ,:at neglig5ce1 :at /&+ /ill is ?is8 ,run to ! m\nta9 to /rip (f ! sl\gh ,t lets n ,god be manife/ to y4 7,,ii1 #aag47 ,at ! foot ( ! m\nta9 ! poets meet a troop ( spirits :o1 ?\gh excommunicat$1 di$ contrite4 ,= _! delay 9 submitt+ to ! ,*ur* = absolution !y mu/ wait ?irty times z long z ! p]iod ( _! excommunication4 ,"o ( !m1 ,k+ ,manfr$1 ,*ief ( ! ,ghibell9es1 son ( ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,ii1 tells ( 8 la/ mom5t conv]sion & also h[ ! ,bi%op ( ,cos5za at ! ^w ( ,pope ,clem5t ,,iv1 en=c+ ! p5alty ( excommunication aga9/ ! corpse ( ! k+1 _h x remov$ f ! ,papal realm & ?r[n into ! riv] ,v]de4 ,9 n>rat+ h[ a ,*ri/ian may be sav$ ev5 if he di$ "u ! ban ( ! ,*ur*1 ,dante is only express+ :at e ,ca?olic kn[s z to ! effect ( excommunication4 ,?is ecclesia/ical c5sure incurr$ by a contumaci\s memb] ( ! ,*ur*1 a c5sure entail+ =feiture ( all rights & privileges common to a ,*ri/ian1 su* z ! "r to ! sacram5ts1--a "r re/or$ ?r\gh ! confessor1 h[ev]1 :5ev] !re is dang] ( dea?--! "r to public s]vice & pray]s1 ! "r to jurisdiction1 & to b5efices1 ! "r to ! canonical =um1 to social int]c\rse & to ,*ri/ian burial1 ?is c5sure ( excommunication does n 9 ! m9d ( ! ,*ur* c>ry ) x exclusion f ,purgatory or ,heav54 ,accord+ to a pr9ciple ( canon law appli$ to c5sures1 ,ecclesia de int]nis non judicat1 ! ,*ur* 9 ! matt] ( crime does n conc]n itself ) int]ior dispositions1 excommunication f> f be+ a s5t5ce ( damnation 9 ! next _w1 is a p5alty p]ta9+ to ! ext]nal =um ( ! ,*ur* 9 ?is life4 ,ev5 if ! p5alty foll[s ! corpse s f> z to exclude x f ,*ri/ian burial1 ev5 "h ! purpose ( ! ,*ur* is n to pron\nce a v]dict ( ! loss ( ! contumaci\s s\l 9 ! ,h]eaft]1 b to /igmatize among ! liv+1 ! memory ( ! p]son & s to inspire 9 !m a hatr$ ( ! evil condemn$ & a respect = law4 ,! /ory ( ,manfr$ n[ foll[s3 ,& "o ( !m began3 ',:oe'er ?\ art1 ,?us go+ turn ?9e eyes1 consid] well ,if e'er ?\ saw me 9 ! o!r _w' ,i turn$ me t['rds him1 & look$ at him closely2 ,blond 0 he1 beautiful1 & ( noble aspect1 ,b "o ( 8 eyebr[s _h a bl[ divid$4 ,:5 ) humility ,i _h disclaim$ ,e'er hav+ se5 him1 ',n[ behold1' he said4 ,& %[$ me high ^u 8 brea/ a w\nd4 ,!n said he ) a smile3 ',i am ,manfr$i1 ,! gr&son ( ! ,empress ,co/anza2 ,!re=e1 :5 ?\ returne/1 ,i besee* !e ,g to my daught] beautiful1 ! "m ,( ,sicily's honor & ( ,aragon's1 ,& ! tru? tell h]1 if aught else be told4 ,aft] ,i _h my body lac]at$ ,by ^! two mortal /abs1 ,i gave myself ,weep+ to ,him1 :o will+ly do? p>don4 ,horrible my iniquities _h be52 ,b ,inf9ite ,goodness ha? su* ample arms1 ,t x receives :atev] turns to x1 ,_h b ,cos5za's pa/or1 :o 9 *ase ,( me 0 s5t by ,clem5t at t "t1 ,9 ,god read und]/&+ly ?is page1 ,! bones ( my dead body /ill w\ld be ,at ! bridge-head1 ne> unto ,b5ev5to1 ,"u ! safegu>d ( ! heavy cairn4 ,n[ ! ra9 ba!s & move? !m ! w9d1 ,beyond ! realm1 almo/ beside ! ,v]de1 ,:]e he transport$ !m ) tap]s qu5*$4 ,by malison ( !irs is n s lo/ ,et]nal ,love1 t x _c return1 ,s long z hope has any?+ ( gre54' 7,,iii1 #aje47 ,foll[+ ! directions giv5 by ,manfr$ & 8 companions our travel]s cont9ue _! way upw>d until !y rea* a broad l$ge cut out 9 ! side ( ! m\nta94 ,:ile re/+ "h ,dante sees a _s :om he recognizes z ,balaqua1 a mak] ( musical in/rum5ts1 ^: laz9ess 0 a byword 9 ,flor5ce4 ,our poet :o knew ! man intimately _h (t5 upbraid$ him = 8 indol5ce4 ,x is said t to excuse himself 9 ! days ( 8 mortal life1 ,balaqua quot$ a l9e ( ,ari/otle3 ,by sitt+ d[n & re/+ ! s\l is r5d]$ wise1 to :i* ,dante retort$3 ,c]ta9ly if "o becomes wise by sitt+ d[n none 0 ev] s wise z ?\4 ,n[ 9 ,purgatory !re is amus$ indulg5ce ^u ,dante's "p z he addresses 8 =m] fell[ citiz5 sitt+ & clasp+ 8 knees1 hold+ 8 face d[n betwe5 !m1 lazi] ?an if slo? 7 8 v si/] 7,,iv1 #aj74 ,8 sluggi% attitude & 8 curt words ,a little unto laught] mov$ my lips ,!n ,i began3 ',balaqua ,i grieve n ,= !e h5ce=?2 b tell me :]e=e seat$ ,9 ?is place art ?\8 ,waite/ ?\ an escort8 ,or has ?y usual habit seiz$ ^u !e8' ,& he3 ',o bro!r1 :at's ! use ( climb+8 ,s9ce to my torm5t w\ld n let me g ,! angel ( ! ,"l :o sitte? at ! gate4 ,fir/ heav5 mu/ ne$s s long revolve me r\nd ,outside !re(1 z 9 my life x did1 ,s9ce ! good sighs ,i to ! end po/pon$1 ,unless e'er t "s pray] may br+ me aid ,:i* rises f a he>t t lives 9 grace4 7,,iv1 #abj47 ,unless assi/$ by ! pray] ( ! s9less fai?ful ^u e>?1 ,balaqua & 8 class mu/ /ay 9 ,out]-,purgatory1 ea* = a t]m equal to ! p]iod ( 8 natural life4 ,! ?ird & ! f\r? classes 9 ,out]-,purgatory1 viz41 ^? :o di$ ( viol5ce1 def]r+ _! rep5tance to ! la/ h\r1 & k+s & pr9ces :o because ( temporal conc]ns ( /ate put (f _! conv]sion to ! la/--all ^? also mu/ rema9 9 ,out]-,purgatory = a p]iod equal to t ( _! lives ^u e>?1 unless ! "t be %ort5$ by int]cessory pray]4 ,x is to be not$ t ! s\ls ( ! viol5tly sla9 press s closely & s insi/5tly ab\t ,dante 9 _! eag]ness to obta9 8 good (fices 9 favor ( pray]ful int]cession = !m by _! fri5ds ^u e>? t he has great difficulty 9 gett+ away f ^! s\ls4 ,he succe$s by mak+ promises to execute _! desires--comp>+ 8 difficulty ( advanc+ to ! tr\ble a w9n] at dice exp]i5ces :5 by/&]s cr[d ab\t him 9 ob/ructive congratulations & make 8 way impracticable until he gives "s ( 8 w9n+s to ?is "o1 & "s to t "o4 ,:5 f _! game ( dice m5 sep>ate ,he :o ha? lo/ rema9s 9 sadness fix'd1 ,revolv+ 9 8 m9d :at luckless ?r[s ,he ca/2 b mean:ile all ! company ,g ) ! o!r2 "o be=e him runs1 ,& "o beh9d 8 mantle twit*es1 "o ,fa/ by 8 side bids him rememb] him1 ,he /ops n1 & ea* "o to :om 8 h& ,is /ret*'d1 well kn[s he bids him /& aside1 ,& ?us he f ! cr[d def5ds himself4 ,e'en su* 0 ,i 9 t close-cr[d+ ?rong2 ,& turn+ s my face ar\nd to all1 ,& promis+1 ,i 'scap$ f x ) pa9s4 7,,vi1 #a47 ,high] up ! m\nta9 occurs a t\*+ in/ance ( love ( c\ntry4 ,virgil draws ne> a _s pray+ t x w\ld %[ u ! be/ asc5t2 & t _s answ]$ n 8 dem& b ( our c\ntry & ( our life did ask u4 ,& ! sweet ,lead] 7,virgil7 began ,mantua 444 ,& ! %ade all rapt 9 self leap$ t[>d him say+1 ,o ,mantuan1 ,i am ,sordello ( ?y city4 ,& "o embrac$ ! o!r 7,,vi1 #fg74 ,?is episode gives to ,dante ! opportunity to contra/ on ! "o h& ! love ( ^? two fell[ citiz5s drawn toge!r by no o!r bond ?an affection = _! native place & on ! o!r h& hatr$ ) :i* liv+ contempor>ies r5d "o ano!r4 ,ah ,italy1 ?\ slave1 t g5tle _s 0 ?us quick1 m]ely at ! sweet "n ( 8 city1 to give greet+ !re to 8 fell[ citiz5 & n[ 9 !e ?y liv+ abide n )\t w> & "o do? r5d ! o!r ( ^? t "o wall & "o foss %uts 9 7,,vi1 #gi74 ,z night approa*es ,sordello leads ! poets to ! angelically protect$ ,fl[]y ,valley :]e9 are f\nd ! s\ls ( ^? rul]s :o 7 neglig5t ( ! spiritual life4 ,_m ( !m 7 once old enemies b n[ !y n only s+ toge!r b live 9 h>mony1 unit$ also 9 pay+ tributes to ! wor? ( "s reign+ mon>*s or 9 express+ d5unciation at ! deg5]acy ( o!rs4 ,"h 9 ! ,valley ( ! ,pr9ces1 :ile sleep+ on ! grass & among ! fl[]s1 ,dante has a /range dream indicative ( a ne> episode 9 8 j\rney4 ,he sees an eagle 9 ! sky ) w+s wide op5 & int5t ^u swoop+ ,!n :eel+ some:at m1 x seem$ to me ,t]rible z ! lightn+ he desc5d$ ,& snat*$ me upw>d ev5 to ! 7sph]e (7 fire ,!re9 x seem$ t he & ,i 7 burn+1 ,& ! imag9$ fire did scor* me s ,t ( necessity my sleep 0 brok54 7,,ix1 #bh47 ,he awakes to f9d himself actually transport$ up ! p]p5dicul> wall to ! entrance ,gate ( ,purgatory4 ,virgil int]prets ! dream1 po9t+ out t ! eagle repres5ts ,lucia 7,illum9at+ ,grace7 :o has c>ri$ ! poet to ,/4 ,pet]'s ,gate4 ,?\ ha/ at l5g? arriv$ at ,purgatory2 ,see !re ! cliff t close? x ar\nd2 ,see !re ! entrance1 :]e x seems disjo9$4 ,:ile at dawn1 :i* do? prec$e ! day1 ,:5 inw>dly ?y _s 0 asleep ,^u ! fl[]s t deck ! l& bel[1 ,!re came a ,lady & said3 ',i am ,lucia2 ,let me take ?is "o up1 :o is asleep2 ,s w ,i make 8 j\rney easi] = him4' ,sordello & ! o!r noble %apes ,rema9$2 %e took !e1 &1 z day grew bright1 ,upw>d %e came1 & ,i ^u h] footpr9ts4 ,%e laid !e "h2 & fir/ h] beaute\s eyes ,t op5 entrance po9t$ out to me2 ,!n %e & sleep toge!r w5t away4 7,,ix1 #di47 ,! poet1 z we said be=e1 _c ent] ,purgatory until he m\nts ! ?ree /eps ( confession1 contrition & satisfaction4 ,moreov]1 he mu/ receive absolution f ! angel-keep]1 typical ( ! prie/ly confessor1 & he mu/ h sev5 ,p's br&$ ^u 8 =ehead4 ,:5 ?is is done ! angel op5s ! gate & ,dante ent]s to ! s\nd ( a ?und]-peal f ! organ ( ,heav51 & ( voices express+ ! joy ( ,heav5 ^u ! s9n]'s do+ p5ance4 ,dante's description1 :i* n[ foll[s1 ( ! lovely art display$ on ! t]race ( ,pride leads to ! reflection t he mu/ h be5 a mat*less ma/] ( visual in/ruction or at lea/ ! repres5tative ( 8 times1 :i*1 be=e ! age ( pr9t+1 taught ! p by means ( pictures pa9t$ ^u canvas1 burnt 9 glass or *isel$ 9 /one4 ,c]ta9 x is t ! p ( ,dante's day f see+ ! productions ( art knew ! ,bible & sacr$ & pr(ane hi/ory s well z to amaze subsequ5t g5]ations taught f ! pr9t$ page4 ,be t z x may1 ! p[] & beauty ( ,dante's pictures on ! t]races ( ,purgatory %[ 8 consummate k ( a pr9ciple ( psy*ology v mu* op]ative 9 our day1 a pr9ciple :i* makes "* by educat+ ! w f> bett] ?an any o!r p$agogical me?od4 ,v]ba mov5t1 exampla trahunt1 is a pr9ciple :i* ,dante illu/rates on e t]race ( ,purgatory4 ,on ! t]race ( ,pride ! p5it5t sees examples ( humility c>v$ ( :ite m>ble out ( ! m\nta9 side l ,?orwalds5's ,lion1 at ,luc]ne1 ,switz]l&4 ,_! reality is s compell+ t1 n only ,polycletus 7! great ,greek sculptor7 b ,nature !re w\ld be put to %ame4 ,fir/ to meet ! p5it5t's eyes is ! sc5e ( ! ,annunciation--! angel ,gabriel salut+ ! ,bless$ ,virg9 & unfold+ to h] ,god's plan ( mak+ h] ! ,"m ( ,8 ,son = ! salvation ( mank9d4 ,9 humility %e gives h] cons5t 9 ! words3 ,behold ! h&maid ( ! ,"l1 be x done to me accord+ to ?y ^w4 ,t is ! attitude 9 :i* %e is repres5t$ 9 sculpture1 says ,dante1 an attitude impr9t+ ^? words z expressly z a figure is /amp$ 9 wax 7,x1 #dd74 ,ne> t "w ( art ,david /&s =? 9 m>ble1 danc+ be=e ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant4 ,trajan1 ! ,roman emp]or1 is also se51 int]rupt+ affairs ( /ate to grant a poor woman a favor4 ,n only ( humility b also ( pride are examples giv54 ,look+ d[n on ! pavem5t ov] :i* !y sl[ly walk ) _! heavy burd5s1 ! pr\d h be=e _! eyes ! sculptur$ puni%m5t ( pride z committ$ by ,satan1 ,bri>eus1 ! ,giants1 ,nimrod1 ,niobe1 ,saul & o!rs4 ,m$itat+ on ! lovel9ess ( humility & ! hatefulness ( pride1 z sugge/$ by ^? examples & be>+ ) pray] ! heavy weights impos$ ^u !m = _! humiliation & p5ance1 ! pr\d exp]i5ce a trans=mation ( disposition :olly ali5 to !m 9 ! days ( _! mortality4 ,among ! s\ls 9 ?is fir/ t]race is ,od]isi1 :o atta9$ su* r5[n z an illum9ator ( manuscripts & a pa9t] ( m9iatures t he boa/$ t no "o c\ld surpass him4 ,n[ he n only is consci\s ( 8 =m] blatant pride1 b 9 pro( ( 8 *ange ( he>t he gives full cr$it = sup]iority to 8 =m] pupil & subsequ5t rival1 ,franco ,bolognese2 ,o1 ask$ ,i him1 art ?\ n ,od]isi1 ,agobbio's honor & honor ( t art ,:i* is 9 ,p>is call$ illum9at+8 ',bro!r1' said he1 'm laugh+ are ! leaves ,t\*$ by ! bru% ( ,franco ,bolognese4 ,all 8 ! honor n[1 & m9e 9 "p1 ,9 soo? ,i _h n be5 s c\rte\s ,:ile ,i 0 liv+1 = ! great desire ,( excell5ce on :i* my he>t 0 b5t4' 7,,xi1 #gi47 ,dante sees "h ano!r _s1 ,prov5zano ,salvani4 ,8 rapid advance f ,out] ,purgatory to ,purgatory 0 due to ! m]it ( a self-humiliat+ act p]=m$ 9 favor ( a fri5d4 ,?is fri5d _h be5 tak5 prison] by ,k+ ,*>les ( ,anj\ & 0 held = ransom ( a ?\s& flor9s ( gold1 ! ?reat be+ made t if ! am\nt 0 n rais$ )9 a mon? he w\ld be put to dea?4 ,x speaks well = ! t5d] fri5d%ip ( ,salvani t he put aside all 8 pride & arrogance :ile he took 8 place 9 ! m>ket squ>e to beg alms ) :i* to lib]ate 8 fri5d4 ,dante relates ! incid5t 9 ! foll[+ words2 ,:5 he 0 liv+ 9 highe/ glory1 9 ! m>ket place ( ,si5na he /ation$ himself ( 8 own free w & put away all %ame & !re to deliv] 8 fri5d f ! pa9s he 0 suff]+ 9 ,*>les' prison1 he br\ght himself to tremble 9 e ve9 7,,xi1 #acc74 ,z ! poets ent] ! t]race ( ,envy a]ial voices proclaim examples ( ,bro!rly ,love4 ,fir/ are he>d ! words ( ! ,bless$ ,virg93--,!y h no w9e1 words 9 favor ( ^? :o 7 9 ne$ at ! m>riage fea/1 :i* l$ ,*ri/ to p]=m 8 fir/ miracle4 ,!n z an example ( expos+ "o's self to dea? = ! sake ( ano!r1 ! incid5t is recall$ ( ! pagan ,pylades feign+ himself to be ,ore/es to save ! latt] f dea?4 ,! voice say+1 ,love ^? f :om ye h _h evil1 is an exhortation to ! h]oic act ( *>ity ( return+ good = evil4 ,9 contra/ ) ^? c\nsels ( *>ity1 o!r voices call out direct w>n+s aga9/ envy4 ,on ?is t]race is nei!r beauty nor art b envy's own color4 ,a livid hue is ! :ole l&scape4 ,( ?is color also are ! g>m5ts ( ! suff]+ s\ls4 ,!y are depict$ "o lean+ aga9/ ! o!r 9 mutual love & = mutual support1 l begg>s sitt+ at ! entrance ( a *ur* to :i* cr[ds g = ! ga9+ ( an ,indulg5ce4 ,pitiable is ! sc5e1 = ! envi\s 9 expiation = _! s91 :i* ent]$ _! s\l ?r\gh its w9d[s1 ! eyes1 are depriv$ ( sight1 _! lids be+ fa/5$ by a wire suture su* z is us$ = ! tam+ ( a hawk4 ,dante says ( !m3 ,i saw1 ,%ad[s ) g>m5ts d>k z 0 ! rock2 ,& :5 we pass'd a little =?1 ,i he>d ,a cry+1 ',bless$ ,m>y6 pray = u1 ,mi*ael & ,pet]6 all ye sa9tly ho/6' ,i d n ?9k !re walks on e>? ?is day ,man s remorseless1 t he _h n ye>n'd ,) pity at ! sight t next ,i saw4 ,m9e eyes a load ( sorr[ teem'd1 :5 n[ ,i /ood s ne> !m1 t _! semblance ,came cle>ly to my view4 ,( sackclo? vile ,_! cov]+ seem'd2 &1 on 8 %\ld]1 "o ,did /ay ano!r1 lean+2 & all lean'd ,aga9/ ! cliff4 ,e'en ?us ! bl9d & poor1 ,ne> ! confessionals1 to crave an alms1 ,/&1 ea* 8 head ^u 8 fell['s sunk2 ,s mo/ to /ir compassion1 n by s\nd ,( words alone1 b t :i* moves n less1 ,! sight ( mis]y4 ,& z nev] beam ,( noonday visite? ! eyeless man1 ,e'en s 0 heav5 a nigg>d unto ^! ,( ?is fair light3 =1 ?r\gh ! orbs ( all1 ,a ?read ( wire1 impi]c+1 knits !m up1 ,z = ! tam+ ( a hagg>d hawk4 7,canto1 ,,xiii1 #db47 ,z ! poets cont9ue _! way ov] ! second t]race ,virgil expla9s an obscure phrase utt]$ by ,guido del ,duca1 a s\l puni%$ = ! s9 ( envy4 ,t _s speak+ to ,dante reproa*$ mank9d = sett+ its he>t ^u mat]ial ?+s2 ,! heav5s are call+ to y & :eel ar\nd y1 display+ unto y _! et]nal beauties & y\r eye gazes only on e>?4 ,envy is consequ5tly eng5d]$ because z ! _s says3 ,mank9d sets its he>t !re :]e exclusion ( p>tn]%ip is necess>y4 7,,xv1 #dc74 ,:at meant ! _s f ,romagna by m5tion+ exclusion & p>tn]%ip8 asks ,dante4 ,virgil proce$s to tell him t companion%ip 9 e>?ly possessions is n possible1 = ! m ( any mat]ial ?+ a p]son has1 ! less ( x rema9s = o!rs4 ,h5ce envy arises f ! v nature ( ! object :i* excludes p>tn]%ip4 ,on ! o!r h& ! m ( ! spiritual life "o has1 ! m o!rs p>ticipate 9 k1 peace & love1 & ?is is especially true ( ! angels & ! elect4 ,! great] _! numb]1 ! great] is ! sum total ( grace be/[$ by ,god & ! m ea* _s %>es 8 love ) o!rs4 ,! m spirits !re on high yond] :o love1 ! m !re are to love p]fectly & ! m d !y love ea* o!r & z a mirror "o reflects back to ! o!r 7,,xv1 #ge74 ,?is doctr9e is exp\nd$ until ! poets rea* ! ?ird t]race1 :]e wra? is puni%$4 ,"h ,dante repres5ts himself z hav+ a vision :]e9 he beholds examples ( meekness & pati5ce4 ,fir/ he sees ! ,f9d+ ( ! ,boy ,*ri/ 9 ! temple & he>s ,m>y's g5tle compla9t4 ,!n foll[s ! sc5e ( ,pisi/ratus refus+ to condemn a y\? = insult+ 8 daught]4 ,! ?ird picture is t ( ! /on+ ( ,/4 ,/eph54 ,!n sudd5ly ,i seem'd ,by an ec/atic vision wrapt away3 ,& 9 a temple saw1 me?\ght1 a cr[d ,( _m p]sons2 & at ! entrance /ood ,a dame1 ^: sweet demeanor did express ,ano!r's love1 :o said1 ',*ild6 :y ha/ ?\ ,dealt ) u ?us8 ,behold ?y sire & ,i ,sorr[+ h s\ght !e2' & s held h] peace2 ,& /raight ! vision fl$4 ,a female next ,appe>'d be=e me1 d[n ^: visage c\rs$ ,^? wat]s1 t grief =ces out f "o ,by deep res5tm5t /ung :o seem'd to say3 ',if ?\1 ,pisi/ratus1 be "l inde$ ,ov] ?is city1 nam$ ) su* debate ,( adv]se gods1 & :5ce ea* sci5ce sp>kles1 ,av5ge !e ( ^? arms1 ^: bold embrace ,ha? clasp'd our daught]2' & to h]1 me seem'd1 ,b5igh & meek1 ) visage undi/urb'd1 ,h] sov]eign spake3 ',h[ %all we ^? requite ,:o wi% u evil1 if we ?us condemn ,! man t loves u8' ,aft] t ,i saw ,a multitude1 9 fury burn+1 slay ,) /ones a /ripl+ y\?1 & %\t ama9 ',de/roy1 de/roy'2 & him ,i saw1 :o b['d ,heavy ) dea? unto ! gr\nd1 yet made ,8 eyes1 unfold$ upw>d1 gates to heav51 ,pray+ =giv5ess ( ! ,almighty ,sire1 ,amid/ t cruel conflict1 on 8 foes1 ,) looks t w9 compassion to _! aim4 7,canto1 ,,xv1 #hd47 ,! wra?ful are puni%$ by be+ envelop$ 9 a d5se pung5t smoke1 emblematic ( ! /ifl+ caus$ by angry passions4 ,d>kness ( hell1 & ( a night depriv$ ,( e planet "u a poor sky1 ,z mu* z may be t5ebr\s ) cl\d1 ,ne'er made unto my sight s ?ick a veil1 ,z did t smoke :i* !re envelop$ u1 ,nor to ! feel+ ( s r\gh a texture2 ,= n an eye x suff]$ to /ay op52 ,:]eat m9e escort1 fai?ful & sagaci\s1 ,drew ne> to me & (f]$ me 8 %\ld]4 ,e'en z a bl9d man goes beh9d 8 guide1 ,le/ he %\ld w&]1 or %\ld /rike aga9/ ,aught t may h>m or p]adv5ture kill him1 ,s w5t ,i ?r\gh ! bitt] & f\l air1 ,li/5+ unto my ,lead]1 :o said only1 ',look t f me ?\ be n sep>at$4' ,voices ,i he>d1 & e "o appe>$ ,to supplicate = peace & mis]icord ,! ,lamb ( ,god :o takes away our s9s4 ,/ill ,agnus ,dei _! exordium 02 ,"o ^w !re 0 9 all1 & metre "o1 ,s t all h>mony appe>$ among !m4 ',ma/]1' ,i said1 'are spirits ^? ,i he>8' ,& he to me3 ',?\ appreh5de/ truly1 ,& !y ! knot ( ang] g unloos+4' 7,canto1 ,,xvi1 #a47 ,soon aft] ?is our poet he>s "o ( ! spirits ( ! wra?ful1 disc\rs+ on ! deg5]acy ( human life & sees 9 a second s]ies ( visions1 hi/oric in/ances ( wra? & its puni%m5t4 ,he is awak5$ f 8 trance by ! %9+ light & ! glad summons ( ! ,angel ( meekness1 :o is at ! /air lead+ to ! next t]race4 ,?is is a _s div9e :o 9 ! way ,( go+ up directs u )\t ask+ ,& :o ) 8 own light himself conceals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,accord we our feet1 to su* invit+ ,let u make ha/e to m\nt ere x gr[ d>k2 ,= !n we c\ld n till ! day return4 7,,xvii1 #ee47 ,light5$ ( ! ?ird ,p ! poet passes f ! circle ( ! wra?ful up ! f\r? /airway4 ,"h he takes ! opportunity to engage ,virgil 9 conv]sation reg>d+ love z ! se$ ( ! capital s9s4 ,^! s9s1 x may be rem>k$ 9 pass+1 are n always mortal s9s1 ?\gh _m ,dantian editors make ! mi/ake ( s classify+ !m4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t on all ! /airways ( ,purgatory !re is a conf]5ce betwe5 ! two poets on ?+s likely to be ( int]e/ to ,dante1 9 ! matt] ( 8 salvation4 ,at ! end ( ! pres5t conf]5ce ,dante falls into slumb]1 f :i* he is ar\s$ by ! rac+ activity ( ! s\ls ( ! slo?ful1 %\t+ in/ances ( zeal & en]gy4 ,slo? is def9$ by ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as z sadness & torpor 9 ! face ( "s spiritual good :i* "o has to a*ieve1 & a prea*] ( our day mod]nizes t def9ition to mean1 ! don't-c>e-feel+ 9 ! pres5ce ( duty4 ,! s9 is unli/$ 9 mod]n treatises on ,e?ics1 ! writ]s ( :i* see 9 its symptoms only indications ( melan*olia1 neura/h5ia or pellagra4 ,b accord+ to ! s*ola/ic classification /ill foll[$ 9 ?is matt] by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 slo? is to be consid]$ z a specific vice oppos$ to ! great comm&m5t to love ,god ) our :ole he>t4 ,s ,dante e/imates x 9 8 s*eme ( puni%m5t1 repres5t+ ! s\ls cry+ out 9 _! dilig5ce1 ,ha/e1 ha/e1 let no "t be lo/ ?r\gh little love4 ,^! s\ls are condemn$ to ru% r\nd & r\nd at ! topmo/ spe$1 ^? 9 front proclaim+ in/ances ( alacrity1 viz41 h[ ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ha/5$ to ! hill c\ntry to visit ,elizabe? & h[ ,julius ,caes> hurri$ to subdue ,l]ida4 ,^? 9 ! re> recall examples ( slo?1 viz41 h[ ! ,israelites ?r\gh w&]+ 9 ! des]t lo/ ! ,promis$ ,l&1 & h[ ! ,trojans :o dalli$ 9 ,sicily gave !mselves up to a life +lori\s4 ,dante's slo?ful s\ls are />tl+ly swift 9 _! action4 ,"o ( !m1 ! ,abbot ,z5o giv+ directions = asc5t to ,virgil & reprobat+ ! s9s ( 8 successors 9 ! mona/]y is out ( he>+ z soon z he speaks3 ,if m be said or if he 0 sil5t ,i "k n1 s f> already _h he rac$ beyond u 7,,xviii1 #abg74 ,! read] w n fail to note t ! t]race ( ! slo?ful is ! only circle ( ,purgatory :]e !re is no reque/ = int]cessory pray] & t ,dante "h nev] speaks to any ( ^? s\ls4 ,is t because ! poet wi%es u to und]/& t 8 own s5tim5t is t !y d n des]ve to be pray$ = :o neglect$ ?r\gh slo? to pray = !mselves & t 8 own sil5ce 9 _! pres5ce is indicative ( 8 disreg>d = s\ls s /a9$8 ,to =e%[ ! s9s to be treat$ on ! ?ree upp] t]races1 :]e are puni%$ ^? :o yield$ to ! s9s ( ! body1 ,dante repres5ts himself z tempt$ by a ,sir54 ,%e is describ$ z ugly & repulsive & !n becom+1 "u ! gaze ( ! behold]1 fair & allur+ly attractive--a description1 p]haps1 unconsci\sly reproduc$ by ,pope :5 he wrote3 ,vice is a mon/] ( s frightful mi5 ,z to be hat$ ne$s b to be se54 ,yet se5 too (t1 famili> ) h] face ,we fir/ endure1 !n pity1 !n embrace4 ,sav$ f ! ,sir5 by a noble lady 7p]haps ,lucia1 ,illum9at+ ,grace7 & ,virgil1 ! poet is brood+ ^u ! dream :i* has br\ght to 8 s5ses ! pleasures ( ! _w1 :5 8 guide admoni%es him h[ salvation f s9's s$uction is to be _h--viz41 by us+ worldly ?+s z ?+s to be trodd5 "u foot1 :ile ! m9d is rais$ to ,heav51 ,god's lure to draw x upw>d4 ,did/ ?\ behold1 t old en*antress ,:o sole above u h5ce=? is lam5t$8 ,did/ ?\ behold h[ man is free f h]8 ,suffice x !e1 & smite e>? ) ?y heels1 ,?9e eyes lift upw>d to ! lure1 t :irls ,! ,et]nal ,k+ ) revolutions va/4 7,,xix1 #eh47 ,on ! fif? t]race our poets f9d ! %ades ( ! av>ici\s & ! prodigals4 ,!y lie face to ! gr\nd1 b\nd h& & foot1 recall+ dur+ ! night in/ances ( av>ice & dur+ ! day proclaim+ ! praise ( lib]ality1 z manife/$ 9 ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ! pagan ,fabricius & ,/4 ,ni*olas4 ,! latt] is id5tifi$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & "s o!r c\ntries1 ) ! popul> ,santa ,claus4 ,dante says ( ,/4 ,ni*olas t ! _s w5t on to speak ( ! b\nty :i* ,ni*olas gave to ! maid5s1 to lead _! y\? to honor 7,,xx1 #cb74 ,! allusion is to ! leg5d t ?is ,bi%op ( ,myra secretly ?rew at diff]5t times into ! w9d[s ( ! home ( ?ree de/itute maid5s1 bags ( gold suffici5t to provide !m ) d[ries )\t :i* !y w\ld h be5 =c$ by pov]ty to a life ( %ame4 ,9 ! realm ( ! av>ici\s & ! prodigals1 ,dante addresses "o ( ! rep5t5t s\ls3 ,_s1 :o ?\ wa/ & :y ye h y\r backs turn$ upw>d1 tell me 7,,xx1 #id74 ,! answ] ( ! %ade ( ,pope ,adrian ,,iv1 :o di$ ?irty-n9e days aft] 8 election to ! supreme pontificate )\t hav+ be5 cr[n$1 is "o ( ! f9e passages ( ! poem4 ,& he to me3 ',:y ,heav5 makes u turn our backs to x1 ?\ %alt le>n3 b fir/ "k t ,i 0 ! successor ( ,pet]4 ,betwe5 ,sie/ri & ,*iav]i !re ru%es d[n a fair riv] & f its "n ! title ( my race takes its pr\de/ di/9ction4 ,= "o mon? & a little m ,i exp]i5c$ h[ heavily ! great mantle weighs on him :o keeps x out ( ! mire1 s mu* s t all ! o!r burd5s seem b fea!rs4 ,my conv]sion alas6 0 t>dy2 b :5 ,i _h become ! ,roman pa/or !n ,i discov]$ h[ false life is4 ,9 x ,i f\nd t ! he>t _h no repose nor 0 x possible to rise high] 9 t life2 :]e=e ! desire = ?is 7immortal life7 0 k9dl$ 9 me4 ,up to t "t1 ,i 0 a wret*$ s\l & sev]$ f ,god1 :olly giv5 up to ,av>ice4 ,n[ z ?\ see/ ,i am puni%$ = x "h4 ,:at is ! effect ( ,av>ice is "h made manife/ 9 ! purgation ( ! conv]t$ s\ls1 & ! m\nta9 has no m bitt] p5alty1 z our eyes fix$ on e>?ly ?+s1 7 n lift$ up on high1 ev5 s has ju/ice sunk !m to ! gr\nd 9 ?is place4 ,ev5 z ,av>ice qu5*$ our love = e good1 :]e=e our works 7 lo/1 s ju/ice do? hold u fa/1 b\nd & seiz$ by feet & h&s2 & s long z x %all be ! pleasure ( ! j ,"l1 s long %all we lie "h motionless & out/ret*$4' 7,,xix1 #ig47 ,at ?is po9t occurs "o ( ^? delightful surprises full ( realism1 t ,dante uses f "t to "t to height5 ! read]'s int]e/4 ,! poet has j le>n$ t ! _s be=e him is ,pope ,adrian ,,iv4 ,at once ,dante falls on 8 knees to pay homage to ! high (fice ( ! ,roman ,pontiff1 & he is ab\t to say accord+ to ! conjecture ( ,b5v5uto ,holy ,fa!r1 ,i entreat y\r hol9ess to excuse my natural ignorance1 = ,i 0 n aw>e ( y\r be+ ,pope4 ,b ! _s bids ! poet arise1 tell+ him t 9 ! _s _w ! dignities & relations ( ?is life are aboli%$4 ,i on my knees _h fall5 & wi%$ to speak2 ,b ev5 z ,i began & he 0 aw>e1 ,only by li/5+1 ( my rev]5ce1 ',:at cause1' he said1 'has d[nw>d b5t !e ?us8' ,& ,i told him3 ',= y\r dignity1 ,/&+1 my consci5ce /ung me ) remorse4' ',/raight5 ?y legs1 & upw>d raise !e1 bro!r1' ,he answ]$1 ',err n1 fell[ s]vant am ,i ,) !e & ) ! o!rs to "o p[] ,if e'er t holy1 evangelic s\nd ,:i* saye? neque nub5t1 ?\ ha/ he>d ,well can/ ?\ see :y 9 ?is wise ,i speak4' 7,,xix1 #abg47 ,9 ?is "p ( ,purgatory ,dante treats 8 read]s to two o!r in/ances ( surprise4 ,! fir/ case :i* also makes use ( ! dramatic quality ( susp5se1 po/pon+ ! explanation to ! foll[+ canto 9 ord] to prolong ! eag] expectation ( ! read]1 n>rates ! occurr5ce ( a wond]ful ph5om5on1 ! %ak+ ( ! m\nta9 ( ,purgatory1 accompani$ by a h>moni\s outbur/ ( joyful ?anksgiv+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we 7 /riv+ to surm\nt ! way s f> z 0 p]mitt$ to our p[] :5 ,i felt ! m\nta9 quake l a ?+ :i* is fall+2 :]eupon a *ill gripp$ me1 z is wont to grip him :o is giv5 to dea?4 ,( a surety ,delos 0 n %ak5 s viol5tly ere ,latona made h] ne/ !re9 to give bir? to heav5's two eyes4 ,!n began on all sides a %\t1 su* t ! ,ma/] drew t[>d me say+3 ',fe> n :ile ,i d guide !e4' ,gloria 9 ,excelsis ,deo all 7 say+1 by :at ,i und]/ood f ^? ne> by1 ^: cry c\ld be he>d4 ,motionless we /ood & 9 susp5se1 l ! %eph]ds :o fir/ he>d t hymn1 until ! quak+ ceas$ & x 0 end$4 ,!n we took up aga9 our holy way1 look+ at ! %ades1 t lay on ! gr\nd already return$ to _! wont$ pla9t4 ,no ignorance1 if my memory err n 9 ?is1 did ev] ) s great assault give me ye>n+ = k1 ,i !n seem$ to h :ile pond]+3 nor by reason ( our ha/e 0 ,i bold to ask2 nor ( myself c\ld ,i see aught !re2 ?us ,i w5t on timid & p5sive4 ,8 curiosity is satisfi$ 9 an unexpect$ way4 ,! natural ?ir/ :i* nev] is sat$1 save ) ! wat] :]e( ! poor ,sam>itan woman ask$ ! grace1 0 burn+ )9 me--& lo1 ev5 z ,luke writes to u t ,*ri/ appe>$ to ! two :o 7 on ! way1 already ris5 f ! m\? ( ! tomb1 a %ade appe>$ to u say+3 ',my bro!rs ,god give y peace4' ,quickly we turn$ u & ,virgil gave back to him ! sign t is fitt+ !reto4 ,!n began1 ',may ! true c\rt t b9ds me 9 et]nal exile1 br+ !e peace to ! c\ncil ( ! ble/4' ',h[1' said he1 & meantime we met /urdily1 ',if ye are %ades t ,god deigns n above1 :o ha? escort$ y s f> by 8 /airs'8 ,& my ,tea*]3 ',if ?\ looke/ at ! m>ks :i* ?is man be>s & :i* ! angel outl9es cle>ly wilt ?\ see 'tis meet he reign ) ! good4444 ,:]e=e ,i 0 br\ght f ,hell's wide jaws to guide him & ,i w guide him onw>d1 s f> z my s*ool c lead him4 ,b tell u1 if ?\ kn[e/1 :y ! m\nt gave be=e su* quak+s & :]e=e all seem$ to %\t ) "o voice d[n to its s(t base4' ,x 0 ! v "q ,dante _h be5 ye>n+ to utt]4 ,?us1 by ask+ did he ?read ! v ne$le ( my desire & ) ! pope alone my ?ir/ 0 made less fa/+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! _s1 ,/atius by "n1 :o has j obta9$ 8 release f ,purgatorial conf9em5t to asc5d to ,heav51 /ates t ! e>?quake 0 n due to natural causes1 su* z /rong dry vapors produc+ w9d1 b 0 caus$ by spiritual elem5ts op]ative ^u a s\l's complet+ ! p5ance & t]m assign$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x quakes "h :5 "s s\l feele? h]self cleans$1 s t %e may rise up or set =?1 to m\nt on high1 & su* a %\t foll[s h]4 ,( ! cleans+ ! w alone gives pro(1 :i* fills ! s\l1 all free to *ange h] cloi/]1 & avails h] to w4444 ,& ,i :o h la9 "u ?is torm5t five hundr$ ye>s & m1 only n[ felt free w = a bett] ?re%old4 ,!re=e did/ ?\ feel ! e>?quake & he> ! pi\s spirits ab\t ! m\nt give praises to ! ,"l4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is ,/atius 0 a ,roman poet :o di$ 9 ! ye> #if4 ,8 t]m 9 ,purgatory !re=e has la/$ a little m ?an elev5 c5turies4 ,! next longe/ p]iod m5tion$ by ,dante is t ( ,duke ,hugh ,capet :o has be5 9 ,purgatory ov] #cej ye>s ) 8 purification /ill incomplete4 ,/atius by ,dante's poetic inv5tion is repres5t$ fir/ z sav$ ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,virgil's poems & !n is %[n to be a ,*ri/ian1 hav+ be5 l$ to embrace ,*ri/ianity bo? f ! h]oic example ( ! m>tyrs & f 8 m$itation on ,virgil's prophecy ( ! ,cuman ,sibyl int]pret$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages to ref] to ,*ri/4 ,9 ! ,div9a ,comm$ia ,/atius pays a gl[+ tribute to ! neid & its au?or1 :olly ignorant t he is address+ ,virgil himself4 ,( ! neid ,i speak :i* 0 a "m to me & 0 to me a nurse 9 poesy 444 & to h liv$ yond] :5 ,virgil 0 alive1 ,i w\ld cons5t to "o sun m ?an ,i ne$ p]=m4 ,dante is all aquiv] to surprise ,/atius ) ! in=mation t ,virgil is at h&1 b ,virgil turn$ to me ) a look t sil5tly said1 'be sil5t4' ,b ! p[] :i* wills ,be>s n supreme control3 laught] & te>s ,foll[ s closely on ! passion prompts !m1 ,!y wait n = ! motions ( ! w ,9 nature mo/ s9c]e4 ,i did b smile1 ,z "o :o w9ks2 & !reupon ! %ade ,broke (f1 & pe]'d into m9e eyes1 :]e be/ ,our looks int]pret4 ',s to good ev5t ,may/ ?\ conduct su* great emprize1' he cri$1 ',say1 :y across ?y visage beam'd1 b n[1 ,! lightn+ ( a smile4' ,on ei!r "p ,n[ am ,i /rait5'd2 "o conjures me speak1 ,! o!r to sil5ce b9ds me2 :5ce a sigh ,i utt]1 & ! sigh is he>d4 ',speak on1' ,! tea*] cri$ '& d n fe> to speak3 ,b tell him :at s e>ne/ly he asks4' ,:]eon ,i ?us3 ',p]*ance1 ,o anci5t _s ,?\ m>vel'/ at my smil+4 ,!re is room ,= yet m wond]4 ,he1 :o guides my k5 ,on high1 he is t ,mantuan1 l$ by :om ,?\ did/ presume ( m5 & gods to s+4 ,if o!r cause ?\ deem'd/ = :i* ,i smil$1 ,leave x z n ! true "o3 & believe ,^? words1 ?\ spake/ ( him1 inde$ ! cause4' ,n[ d[n he b5t to embrace my tea*]'s feet2 ,b he =bade him3 ',bro!r6 d x n3 ,?\ art a %ad[1 & behold'/ a %ade4' ,he1 ris+1 answ]'d ?us3 ',n[ ha/ ?\ prov$ ,! =ce & ardor ( ! love ,i be> !e1 ,:5 ,i =get we are b ?+s ( air1 ,&1 z a sub/ance1 treat an empty %ade4' 7,,xxi1 #ajf47 ,on ! six? t]race ,dante ) five ,p's remov$1 accompani$ by ,virgil sees ! s\ls ( ^? :o s9n$ by gluttony4 ,!y are an emaciat$ cr[d oblig$ to pass & repass be=e a fruit-lad5 tree b$ew$ ) cle> wat] f a f\nta91 )\t be+ able to satisfy _! hung] or qu5* _! ?ir/4 ,voices f ?is tree proclaim examples ( temp]ance2 voices f ano!r tree equally tantaliz+1 decl>e examples ( gluttony4 ,p ,i saw b5ea? x 7! tree7 lift _! h&s ,& cry ,i "k n :at t[>ds ! leaves1 ,l little *ildr5 eag] & delud$1 ,:o pray1 & he !y pray to do? n answ] ,b1 to make v ke5 _! appetite ,holds _! desire al(t & hides x n4 ,!n !y dep>t$ z if undeceiv$4 7,,xxiv1 #ajf47 ,"h ,dante recognizes among ! gaunt att5uat$ figures ( ! p5it5ts1 ,=ese ,donati1 8 intimate fri5d & k9sman ( 8 wife ,gemma4 ,our poet 0 surpris$ to f9d him s soon aft] 8 dea? on "o ( ! t]races ( ,purgatory1 ! assumption be+ t because ( 8 delay ( conv]sion to ! end ( 8 life ,=ese w\ld be 9 ,out] ,purgatory = a t]m equal 9 duration to ! l5g? ( 8 life on e>?4 ,b ! reason he _h come s quickly to ,purgatory is to be f\nd 9 ! efficacy ( ! pray]s ( 8 wid[ = ! repose ( 8 s\l4 ,!n answ]$ he3 ',t n[ ,i w&] reap+ ,! bitt] sweat ( all ?is puni%m5t ,my ,nella ga9$ = me1 h] vigil keep+ ,9 pray] dev\t & inf9ite lam5t4 ,?us1 "h1 beyond t %ore ( wait+ s5t1 ,i l&$1 f ! l[] circles fre$4 ,& t m de> to ,god omnipot5t ,lives on my little wid[1 is ! me$ ,( ! lone life %e sp5ds 9 _m a sa9tly de$4' 7,,xxxiii1 #he47 ,be=e asc5d+ to ! sev5? & la/ t]race ,dante describes h[ ! angel ( ab/95ce remov$ ! six? ,p4 ,& z ! h>b+] ( e>ly dawn1 ,! air ( ,may do? move & brea! out fragrance ,impregnate all ) h]bage & ) fl[]s1 ,s did ,i feel a breeze /rike 9 ! mid/ ,my front1 & felt ! mov+ ( ! plumes ,t brea!d ar\nd an odor ( ambrosia2 ,& he>d x said2 ,bless$ are !y :om grace ,s mu* illum9es t ! love ( ta/e ,excites n 9 _! brea/s too great desire1 ,hung]+ at all times s f> z is j4 7,,xxiv1 #ade47 ,& n[ our p5it5t z he rea*es ! sev5? t]race1 :]e s9s aga9/ ! virtue ( purity are expiat$1 ent]s ^u ! la/ /age ( 8 purification4 ,"h ! spirits pass & repass ?r\gh ! mid/ ( int5sely hot flames1 proclaim+ examples ( *a/ity4 ,x is wor?y ( note t ?is t]race is ! only place 9 ,dante's ,purgatory :]e fire is ! punitive ag5t--a conception ( our poet all ! m rem>kable because x runs c\nt] to ! view commonly held by ! *ur*m5 9 ! ,we/1 includ+ ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great1 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 :o tea* t fire is ! cleans+ elem5t ( all ,purgatory4 ,t inde$ is only a !ological op9ion4 ,! ,*ur* itself1 z ! ,greeks 7 assur$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,flor5ce1 has nev] put =? any dogmatic decree on ! subject4 ,bidd5 by ! angel to ent] ! fire1 ,dante draws back p>alys$ ) fe>4 ,sc5es ( burn+ at ! /ake come ) horror to 8 m9d4 ,he probably recalls also t ,flor5ce _h condemn$ him to be burn$ alive4 ,s1 = ! fir/ "t 9 ,purgatory he recoils at ! p5ance he mu/ p]=m4 ,impassionately ,virgil exhorts him4 ,! /ubborn pupil yields only at ! utt]ance ( ,beatrice's "n4 ,= love ( h] he w endure ! flame4 ,! ,mantuan spake3 ',my son1 ,"h torm5t ?\ may/ feel1 b can/ n dea?4 ,rememb] !e1 rememb] !e1 if ,i ,safe e'en on ,g]yon br\ght !e2 n[ ,i come ,m ne> to ,god1 wilt ?\ n tru/ me n[8 ,( ?is be sure2 ?\gh 9 its womb t flame ,a ?\s& ye>s conta9'd !e1 f ?y head ,no hair %\ld p]i%4 ,if ?\ d\bt my tru?1 ,approa*2 & ) ?y h&s ?y ve/ure's hem ,/ret* =?1 & = ?yself confirm belief4 ,lay n[ all fe>1 oh6 lay all fe> aside4 ,turn hi!r1 & come onw>d undismay'd4' ,i /ill1 ?\gh consci5ce urg$1 no /ep advanc$4 ,:5 /ill he saw me fix'd & ob/9ate1 ,some:at di/urb'd he cri$3 ',m>k n[1 my son1 ,f ,beatrice ?\ art by ?is wall ,divid$4' ,z at ,?isbe's "n ! eye ,( ,pyramus 0 op5'd 7:5 life ebb'd ,fa/ f 8 ve9s7 & took "o p>t+ glance1 ,:ile v]meil dy$ ! mulb]ry2 ?us ,i turn$ ,to my sage guide1 rel5t+1 :5 ,i he>d ,! "n t spr+s = ev] 9 my brea/4 ,he %ook 8 =ehead2 &1 ',h[ long1' he said1 ',l+] we n['8 !n smil$1 z "o w\ld smile ,^u a *ild t eyes ! fruit & yields4 ,into ! fire be=e me !n he walk'd2 ,& ,/atius1 :o ere:ile no little space ,_h p>t$ u1 he pray'd to come beh9d1 ,i w\ld h ca/ me into molt5 glass ,to cool me1 :5 ,i ent]$2 s int5se ,rag$ ! conflagrant mass4 ,! sire belov$1 ,to com=t me1 z he proce$$1 /ill ,( ,beatrice talk'd4 ',h] eyes1' sai? he1 ',e'en n[ ,i seem to view4' ,f ! o!r side ,a voice1 t sang did guide u2 & ! voice ,foll[+1 ) he$ful e>1 we issu$ =?1 ,!re :]e ! pa? l$ upw>d4 ',come1' we he>d1 ',come bless$ ( my ,fa!r4' 7,canto1 ,,xxvii1 #bj47 ,on em]g+ f ! fire & on ! v ?re%old ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 ,dante is address$ by ,virgil1 no long] compet5t to guide him high]4 ,! ,mantuan 9 t\*+ words tells 8 disciple t hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ,purgatory he ne$s no o!r guide ?an 8 own w1 upright & s\nd1 until he passes "u ! tutelage ( ,beatrice4 ,! temporal fire & ! et]nal ,son1 ?\ ha/ se51 & to a place art come ,:]e ( myself no f>!r ,i disc]n4 ,by intellect & art ,i "h h br\ght !e2 ,take ?9e own pleasure = ?y guide h5ce=?2 ,beyond ! /eep ways & ! n>r[ art ?\4 ,expect no m or ^w or sign f me2 ,free & upright & s\nd is ?y free w1 ,& error 7 x n to d its bidd+ ,!e o'er ?yself ,i !re=e cr[n & mitre4 7,,xxvii1 #abg47 ,bro!r ,az>ias gives u ! my/ical s5se ( ?is passage4 ,! s\l has conqu]$2 !re=e ,virgil leaves ! poet free f ! dom9ion ( 8 passions2 m ?an free1 a k+ cr[n$ triumphant ov] himself2 m ?an a k+1 a mitr$ prie/1 rul+ ! cloi/] ( 8 he>t1 8 ?\ghts & 8 affections & m$iator & int]cessor be=e ,div9e ,m]cy = himself & ^? comm5d+ !mselves to 8 pray]s4 ,s cr[n$ & mitr$ ov] himself ,dante n[ ent]s ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,"h did ! p>5ts ( mank9d dwell 9 innoc5ce2 "h is !re p]petual spr+ & e fruit4 ,9 ! =e/ ( ,ed5 is a pure /ream ) two curr5ts1 ,le! & ,eunoe1 ! fir/ has ! p[] ( all pa/ s9s ! memory to erase1 ! o!r c re/ore remembrance ( good de$s & pi\s days4 ,on ! banks ( ?is /ream ! poet sees ,matilda1 :o repres5ts ! ,active ,life4 ,!re appe>$ to me a lady all alone :o w5t along s++ & select+ f among ! fl[]s :]e) all h] pa? 0 enamell$ 444 sudd5ly ! lady turn$ completely r\nd t[>ds me1 say+1 ',my ,bro!r1 look & li/5' 7,,xxix1 #ae74 ,a solemn *ant is he>d1 a wond]ful light is se54 ,x is a pageant repres5t+ ! return ( mank9d to ,ed5 ?r\gh memb]%ip 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,fir/ come1 %$d+ heav5ly light1 ! sev5 my/ical c&le/icks1 symbolic ( ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/ or ! sev5 sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,next foll[ tw5ty-f\r anci5ts repres5tat+ ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,!n are se5 ! f\r prophetic animals symboliz+ ! f\r ,evangeli/s4 ,*ri/ draw+ a *>iot repres5t+ ! ,*ur*1 ! c5tral figure ( ! pageant1 advances "u ! =m ( ! fabul\s griff91 half eagle & half lion1 typify+ ! two-fold nature ( our ,"l4 ,on ! "r side ( ! *>iot1 danc+ are ?ree nymphs1 ! !ological virtues1 ,fai?1 ,hope & ,*>ity4 ,on ! left side are f\r o!r nymphs--! c>d9al virtues1 ,prud5ce1 ,ju/ice1 ,=titude & ,temp]ance4 ,next come two old m51 dignifi$ & grave1 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,luke1 :o are foll[$ by f\r o!rs repres5t+ o!r books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t viz41 ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,james1 ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,john & ,/4 ,jude4 ,! re> gu>d is an ag$ ,solit>y symbolic ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,& :5 ! *>iot 0 opposite to me writes ,dante1 a clap ( ?und] 0 he>d2 & ^? wor?y folk seem$ to h _! fur!r m>* =bidd51 & halt$ !re ) ! fir/ ensign 7,,xxix1 #aec74 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is symbolic procession s common to ,dante's day1 s ali5 to ours8 ,we h already said t x is a dramatic repres5tation ( ! human race f9d+ happ9ess1 f9d+ its ,ed5 9 its memb]%ip 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,b x1 also1 is a symbolic lesson = ! individual4 ,dante1 ! type ( humanity hav+ done p5ance = 8 s9s1 is ab\t to be receiv$ ?r\gh ! sacram5t ( p5ance into ! s\l ( ! ,*ur* i4e4 into ! full communion ( grace4 ,x is fitt+1 !re=e1 t ! ,*ur* %\ld advance to meet him1 ! rep5tant s9n]1 & %\ld reveal itself to him be=e receiv+ him into its bosom4 ,if objection be made t ,dante already has be5 absolv$ f s9 & 9 ,purgatory has made expiation = 8 (f5ces1 ! answ] is giv5 by ,ozanam2 ,at ! t]m ( ! expiatory c\rse1 z at its beg9n+1 to quit x z well z to ent] ^u x1 we mu/ r5d] submission to a religi\s au?ority & fulfill ! conditions )\t :i* ,god does n treat ) u--confession = oblivion1 fe>s = consolation & %ame = def9itive rehabilitation4 ,:5 ! pageant comes to a halt ! p>ticipants gr\p !mselves ab\t ! ,griff9 & ! ,*>iot1 by t act decl>+ t ! goal & object ( _! desires are c5t]$ 9 ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur*4 ,!n "o ( ! company by div9e comm& calls al\d ?ree times to a heav5ly be+1 ! sp\se ( ! ,*ur*1 to appe> & ! cry is repeat$ by ! :ole company4 ,f ! ,*>iot arise1 z w arise ! dead f _! graves1 a hundr$ angels scatt]+ fl[]s ov] & ar\nd ! ,*>iot & also rais+ _! voices 9 ! call = ! ,heav5ly ,bride4 ,!y fir/ s+ ! words ( ! ,canticle ( ,palm ,sunday4 ,b5$ictus qui v5is 7,bless$ art ?\ :o come/7 & !n ! beautiful l9e f ! ,a5eid3 ,manibus o date lilia pl5is 7,oh6 give lilies ) full h&s74 ,!n comes f ! cl\ds ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ! fl[]s %[]+ d[n aga9 )9 & )\t ! ,*>iot1 array$ 9 ! colors ( ! ?ree !ological virtues1 ! object ( ! invocation4 ,cr[n$ ) olive ov] a :ite veil a ,lady appe>$ to me1 ve/ur$ 9 hue ( liv+ flame "u a gre5 mantle4 ,x is ,beatrice1 ,dante's belov$1 n[ apo!osiz$ 9 ! p]sonification ( ,revelation4 ,:at o!r poet ev] dream$ ( s glorify+ 8 belov$ t = h] com+ ! natural virtues prep>e ! way1 ! sup]natural virtues1 z h&maids accompany h] to assi/ u to ! und]/&+ ( h] doctr9e1 ! angels s+ h] laudation & %e h]self 9 ! role bo? ( unveil] ( ! ,scriptures ( ! ,prophets & ! ,apo/les & ! my/ical ,bride ( ! ,canticles is wor?y to be call$ ,o ,light1 ,o ,glory ( ! human race8 ,dante be=e see+ h] face1 recognizes h] by "s my/]i\s in/9ct ( love1 recognizes h] aft] a lapse accord+ to fiction ( t5 ye>s1 b 9 reality ( tw5ty-f\r ye>s s9ce h] dea?4 ,to ,virgil1 ,dante turns to tell ! joy\s news b ,virgil has gone & te>s c\rse d[n ! face ( 8 disciple4 ,dante1 says ,beatrice1 weep n t ,virgil leaves !e1 nay weep ?\ n yet1 = ?\ wilt h to weep = ano!r w\nd4 ,aw$ by h] appe>ance1 he is tak5 back by h] greet+4 ,! m]e ?\ght ( h] lovel9ess uplift$ him 9 ! _w4 ,! hope ( see+ h] c>ri$ him ?r\gh ! horrors ( ,hell & ! p5ance ( ,purgatory4 ,cr[n$ & mitr$ ov] himself he came to ,ed5 to meet h]4 ,& %e has only reproa*es = him4 ,p>ticul>ly to ! angels does %e tell ! /ory ( 8 defection f ! high ideals :i* %e inspir$ 9 him4 ,?is man 0 su* 9 8 new life pot5tially t e good tal5t w\ld h made wondr\s increase 9 him--7b7 s l[ sank he t all means = 8 salvation 7 already %ort save %[+ him ! lo/ p4 ,= ?is ,i visit$ ! portal ( ! dead & to him :o has guid$ him up hi!r1 weep+ my pray]s 7 borne4 ,god's high decree w\ld be brok5 if ,le! 7 pass$ & su* vi&s 7 ta/$1 )\t "s sort ( p5it5ce t may %$ te>s4 ,to h] lov] %e turns = confirmation ( ! tru? ( h] words3 ,say1 say if ?is is true2 to su* accusation ?y confession mu/ be jo9$4 ,confusion & fe> toge!r m+l$1 drove =? f my m\? a ',yea1' a monosyllable ( confession :i* %[$ ! dep? ( 8 %ame4 ,b x is ! sight ( ! sup]human beauty ( ,beatrice :i* completes 8 contrition & resuscitates 8 love s z to fit him to pass ?r\gh ! wat]s ( ! ,le!4 ,my eyes beheld ,beatrice1 turn$ t[>d ! animal 7! ,griff97 t is ,"o ,p]son only 7,*ri/7 9 tw(old nature 7i4e4 ,god & man74 ,"u h] veil & on ! f> side ( ! /ream %e seem$ to me to surpass m h] anci5t self1 ?an %e surpass$ ! o!rs "h :5 %e 0 ) u4 ,s mu* remorse gnaw$ at my he>t t ,i fell vanqui%$ & :at ,i !n became %e kn[e? :o gave me ! cause4 7,,xxxi1 #hb47 ,:5 he recov]s consci\sness he f9ds 8 imm]sion 9 ! ,le! 9 progress by ,matilda4 ,!n he is l$ to ,beatrice by ! f\r nymphs 7! c>d9al virtues7 & at ! reque/ ( ! ?ree nymphs :o typify ! !ological virtues %e smiles ^u him4 ,! fair lady 7,matilda7 dipp$ me :]e ,i mu/ ne$s swall[ ( ! wat]1 !n drew me =? & l$ me1 ba!d1 )9 ! dance ( ! f\r fair ones1 & ea* did cov] me ) h] arm4 ',"h we are nymphs & 9 heav5 are />s4 ,ere ,beatrice desc5d$ to ! _w1 we 7 orda9$ = h] h&maids3 we w lead !e to h] eyes3 b ! ?ree on ! o!r side :o deep] gaze w %>p5 ?9e eyes to ! joy\s light t is )94 ,behold+ ! glorifi$ beauty ( ,beatrice :olly inexpressible1 ,dante is 9 su* rapture t he is oblivi\s ( ev]y?+ else4 ,m9e eyes ) su* an eag] covet+ ,7 b5t to rid !m ( _! t5 ye>s' ?ir/ ,no o!r s5se 0 wak+2 & e'en !y ,7 f5c$ on ei!r side f he$ ( aught3 ,s tangl$1 9 its cu/om'd toils1 t smile ,( sa9tly brightness drew x to itself4 ,:5 our poet comes out ( 8 rapture1 ! ,*>iot & ! my/ical company are mov+ to a tree1 ! tree ( ! k ( good & evil :i* accord+ to a beautiful tradition has become ! ,cross ( ,*ri/1 ! tree ( salvation4 ,to t tree is atta*$ ! ,*>iot :i* ,*ri/ 7! ,griff97 n[ leaves to ent] ,heav5 aga9 ) ! anci5ts & ! angels4 ,beatrice rema9s ) ! sev5 nymphs to gu>d ! ,*>iot 7! ,*ur*74 ,up to ?is po9t ! picture ( ! ,*ur* has be5 "o ( peace & happ9ess4 ,n[ ) prophetic eye ! poet beholds ! tribulations :i* ! ,*ur* w suff] f )\t & )94 ,! description ( ! vision & ! explanation ( ! symbolism are s well set =? by ,ozanam t ,i quote 8 words unable to improve ^u !m1 z ,i also %>e 8 view z to ! unw>rant$ sev]ity "h ( ,dante's c5sures ( ! ,*ur*4 ,an eagle falls l lightn+ ^u ! tree1 f :i* he te>s ! b>k1 & ^u ! c>1 :i* b5ds b5ea? 8 weight4 ,!n comes a fox :i* f9ds its way )91 & !n a portion is torn (f by a dragon t issues f ! gap+ e>?4 ,?us f> x is easy to recognize ! p]secutions ( ! ,roman emp]ors :i* s h>ri$ ! ,*ur*1 ! h]esies by :i* x 0 desolat$1 & ! s*isms by :i* x 0 torn4 ,soon1 ! eagle reappe>$1 less m5ac+ b n less dang]\s2 he %ook 8 plumes above ! sacr$ c>1 :i* spe$ily und]w5t a mon/r\s trans=mation4 ,f div]s p>ts ( x arose sev5 heads arm$ ) t5 horns2 a c\rtesan 0 seat$ 9 ! mid/2 a giant /ood at h] side1 ex*ang+ ) h] impure c>esses :i* he int]rupt$ to sc\rge h] cruelly4 ,!n1 cutt+ loose ! metamorphos$ c>1 he be>s x away1 & is lo/ ) x 9 ! dep?s ( ! =e/4 ,is n ?is aga9 ! ,*ur*1 enri*$1 by ! gifts ( pr9ces :o h become h] protectors1 sadly m>r$ 9 appe>ance1 sundry ( h] memb]s defil$ by ! ta9t ( ! sev5 capital s9s1 & h]self rul$ ov] by unwor?y pontiffs8 ,is n ?is ! c\rt ( ,rome1 ex*ang+ crim9al flatt]ies ) ! temporal p[]1 :i* flatt]ies are to be foll[$ by cruel injuries1 :5 ! ,holy ,see1 torn f ! foot ( ! cross ( ! ,vatican1 is transf]r$ to a di/ant l&1 on ! banks ( a =eign riv]8 ,b ^! ills w n be )\t end nor )\t retribution4 ,! tree t lo/ & t sav$ ! _w _c be t\*$ ) impunity1 & if ! ,*ur* has be5 made militant "h bel[1 x is ) ! liability ( suff]+ f pass+ rev]ses1 b also ) ! assurance ( f9al victory4 ,dante's own et]nal victory is n[ assur$1 ,beatrice directs ,matilda to lead him to ! ,eunoe1 ^: wat]s w reg5]ate him & fit him to asc5d to ,p>adise4 ,behold1 ,eunoe :i* gu%es =? yond]1 lead him !reto & z ?\ art wont1 revive 9 him aga9 8 fa9t+ p[]s4 ,! poem closes ) an address to ! read]3 ,if1 ,read]1 ,i possess$ a long] space ,= writ+ x1 ,i yet w\ld s+ 9 "p ,( ! sweet draught t ne'er w\ld satiate me2 ,b inasmu* z full are all ! leaves ,made ready = ?is second canticle1 ,! curb ( art no f>!r lets me g4 ,f ! mo/ holy wat] ,i return$ ,reg5]ate1 9 ! mann] ( new trees ,t are r5ew$ ) a new foliage1 ,pure & dispos$ to m\nt unto ! />s4 7,purg41 ,,xxxiii1 #acf47 ,,dante',s ,,p>adiso ,,dante',s ,,p>adiso ,( ,dante's trilogy ! ,p>adiso is truly 8 m$ieval miracle ( song1 ! supreme a*ievem5t ( 8 g5ius4 ,"h ! poetry ( ! sublime rea*es its highe/ po9t--! summit on :i* ,dante is a lonely & un*all5g$ figure4 ,no un9spir$ h&1 says ,c>d9al ,mann+1 has ev] writt5 ?\ghts s high 9 words1 s respl5d5t1 z ! la/ /anza ( ! ,div9a ,comm$ia4 ,x 0 said ( ,/4 ,?omas3 ,po/ ,summam ,?om nihil re/at nisi lum5 glori4 ,x may be said ( ,dante3 ,po/ ,dantis ,p>adisum nihil re/at nisi visio ,dei4 7,aft] ,dante's ,p>adiso no?+ rema9s b ! vision ( ,god47 ,%elley's tribute to ! supremacy ( ,dante's ,heav5 is no less beautiful3 ,dante's apo!osis ( ,beatrice & ! gradations ( 8 own love & h] lovel9ess by :i*1 z by /eps1 he feigns himself to h asc5d$ to ! ?rone ( ! ,supreme ,cause1 is ! mo/ glori\s imag9ation ( mod]n poetry4 ,rusk9 says3 ,e l9e ( ! ,p>adiso is full ( ! mo/ exquisite & spiritual expressions ( ,*ri/ian tru?s & ! poem is only less read ?an ! ,inf]no because x requires f> great] att5tion & p]haps1 = its full enjoym5t1 a holi] he>t4 ,t ,dante's ,inf]no is m popul> read+ ?an 8 ,p>adiso is due to ! fact t evil & its consequ5ces (f] to ! arti/ ri*] mat]ial = dramatic fasc9ation & to ! read] m lively int]e/ 9 *>act]s int5sely human1 ?an does ! less s5sational /ory ( ! ,elects f9d+ peace & happ9ess 9 a realm transc5d+ ! exp]i5ces ( human nature4 ,dante's ,purgatorio also f9ds a wid] circle ( read]s because 8 p5it5ts1 suff]+1 /ruggl+ & aspir+1 l p ^u e>?1 h m human traits & exhibit m human int]e/ ?an ! sa9ts confirm$ 9 grace aga9/ human weakness4 ,ano!r reason = less] int]e/ manife/$ 9 ?is "p ( ! ,div9a ,comm$ia is ! difficulty & obscurity ( ! ,p>adiso4 ,x is n easy read+1 because x requires /udy1 repetition1 conc5tration1 m$itation1 qualities abs5t f ! art ( read+ z x prevails today4 ,if we ev] h "t to look at a book1 ! habit ( skimm+ ) inatt5tive rapidity s urges u onw>d t we f9d ourselves flitt+ f page to page1 f *apt] to *apt]1 pant+ & un9/ruct$4 ,& if we belong to ! bookless majority :o h no "t to read1 we ru% to ! mov+ picture !atre to get our m5tal pabulum--(t5 a season's be/ sell]--boil$ d[n1 s]v$ 9 rapid-fire ord] & bolt$ 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye4 ,= all su* ,dante's ,p>adiso is an intellectual z well z a spiritual impossibility & ! poet begs su* n to foll[ him on 8 voyage to ! et]nal k+dom4 ,oh ye :o 9 "s pretty little boat ,eag] to li/51 h be5 foll[+ ,beh9d my %ip1 t s++ sails along1 ,turn back to look aga9 ^u y\r %ores2 ,9 los+ me1 y might y\rselves be lo/4 ,! sea ,i sail has nev] yet be5 pass$4 ,m9]va brea!s1 & pilots me ,apollo1 ,& ,muses n9e po9t out to me ! ,be>s4 ,ye o!r few1 :o h ! neck uplift$ ,betimes to ?' bread ( ,angels ^u :i* ,"o live? "h & gr[s n sat$ by x1 ,well may y laun* ^u ! deep salt-sea ,y\r vessel1 keep+ /ill my wake be=e y ,^u ! wat] t gr[s smoo? aga94 ,^? glori\s ones :o unto ,col*os pass$ ,7 n s wond]-/ruck z y %all be1 ,:5 ,jason !y beheld a pl\ghman made4 7,,ii1 #a47 ,! song :i* ,dante s+s 9 ! ,p>adiso is ! et]nal happ9ess ( man 9 vision1 love & enjoym5t unit$ to 8 ,creator4 ,9 prep>ation = ?is f9al consummation ! poet1 z he asc5ds to ! ,empyrean1 gives a mo/ beautiful epitome ( ! pr9cipal my/]ies ( religion & ( "s ( ! t5ets ( s*ola/ic philosophy1 treat+ especially ! ,fall ( ,man1 ,pr$e/9ation1 ,free ,w1 ! ,r$emption1 ! ,immortality ( ! ,s\l & ! !ory ( ,human ,k4 ,allegorically consid]$1 ! poem is a veil1 "u :i* we see ! ideal life ( man ^u e>?1 ex]cis+ virtue & ga9+ virtue's rew>ds4 ,to exhibit man's supreme1 happ9ess 9 ! next life1 ! ,*ri/ian poet1 insi/+ t 8 purpose is ! inculcation ( tru?1 bo? to save & to adorn ! s\l1 mu/ base 8 !me ^u ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! def9ition ( "s ( ^? dogmas ,dante anticipat$4 ,all may be summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ,x is ( ,ca?olic fai? t ! s\ls ( ! bless$ see ,god directly & face to face & ?is vision is ,sup]natural2 t !re are degrees ( ?is vision1 correspond+ to ! m]its ( ! elect2 t to see ,god 9 ,8 ,ess5ce1 ! intellect is sup]naturally p]fect$2 t ! ,beatific ,vision is n def]r$ to ! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 b is possess$ at once aft] dea? b ! ,j1 9 :om !re is no /a9 ( s9 or :o h no temporal puni%m5t to be expiat$2 &1 fur!rmore1 t all human be+s at ! end ( ! _w w arise ) _! own bodies4 ,h[ w ! poet br+ home ^? incompreh5sible tru?s to 8 read]s8 ,he has to treat a subject :olly transc5d5t & sup]natural4 ,?\gh 8 vision be cele/ial1 8 langauge mu/ be t]re/rial4 ,he mu/ visualize /ates ( ! s\l :i* are ali5 to ! eyes ( ! body & translate into t]ms ( ! s5ses ?+s :i* are :olly non-s5su\s4 ,dante is aw>e t no poet ev] essay$ t feat be=e3 ,! sea ,i sail has nev] yet be5 pass$4 7#a1 #h47 ,he kn[s1 also1 t %oals & rocks1 seem+ly impassable & a sea :i* may engulf 8 g5ius1 are be=e him4 ,x is no coa/wise voyage = a little b>que1 ?is sea ?r\gh :i* ! intrepid pr[ goes cleav+ nor = a pilot :o w\ld sp>e himself4 7,,xxiii1 #fg47 ,& yet he w attempt ! impossible1 he w endeavor to s+ n ( ! sc5es b ( ! /ates ( supras5sible spiritual joys--joys :i* ,bi%op ,norris says are )\t example1 above exp]i5ce & beyond imag9ation1 = :i* ! :ole creation wants a comp>ison1 we an appreh5sion & ev5 ! ^w ( ,god1 a revelation4 ,consci\s ( all t1 ,dante confesses ! impot5cy ( spee*1 ! inadequacy ( memory1 ! helplessness ( imag9ation = ! task to :i* he sets himself4 ,he tells u t ! sublime songs ( ! elect h laps$ & fall5 out ( my memory--t to repres5t & tran%umanize 9 words impossible 74 7,i1 #ga47 ,& :at 0 ! sun :]e9 ,i ent]$1 ,app>5t1 n by color1 b by light ,i1 ?\gh ,i call on g5ius1 art & practice ,_c s tell t x c\ld be imag9$4 7,x1 #da47 ,s by ! v nature ( ! subject visualization c be only p>tial--only ! %ad[ ( ! bless$ realm1 c be %[n4 ,b :at human nature c d1 ev5 if its feat seems solit>y & unique1 ,dante has accompli%$ 9 a failure :i* con/itutes ! mo/ wond]ful a*ievem5t 9 ! doma9 ( ! sublime 9 lit]ature1 an a*ievem5t leav+ u ) a s5se ( 8 own ineffable bliss & ( ! inexpressible joys ( ! ,elect--an a*ievem5t :i* came to pass1 say "s read]s1 because 8 poem is an acc\nt ( a sup]natural vision--& ,dante h9ts t he ?9ks he 0 s favor$1 or because x is a "w to :i* bo? heav5 & e>? h set _! h&1 %[+ him1 z ,em]son obs]ves1 all imag9ation1 or1 z ,james ,russell ,l[ell says1 ,! highe/ spiritual nature :i* has express$ itself 9 rhy?mical =m4 ,!re are two me?ods ( repres5t+ man's supreme happ9ess1 relative & absolute3 "o is to depict nature at h] be/1 unt\*$ by s91 & to %[ man free f e defect & blemi%1 9 ! full p]fection ( 8 be+4 ,naturally ! imag]y 9 ?is case is ! imag]y born ( f9ite human exp]i5ces4 ,! o!r me?od describes1 z we said1 n sc5es ( happ9ess b transc5d5t conditions ( ! s\l z x is br\ght into ultimate communion ) ,supreme ,goodness--! f9ite possess+ & enjoy+ ! ,inf9ite4 ,"h ! human m9d1 let u repeat x1 f9ds e>?ly images p[]less to translate its ?\ght1 = x ha? n ent]$ into ! he>t ( man to conceive ! glory ( ! spiritual _w4 ,^! two me?ods ,dante foll[s successively4 ,8 ,ed5 on ! summit ( ,purgatory is lit]ally ! e>?ly ,p>adise ( ,adam & ,eve4 ,x is pictur$ 9 mov+ imag]y z man's native c\ntry ( delights1 a l(ty g>d5 ( ineffable lovel9ess1 high above all ! physical & moral di/urbances ( e>?1 its wat]s1 its w9ds1 its fl[]s & its music all com+ f sup]natural s\rces1 its bliss spr++ f ! p]fect h>mony ( man's animal1 intellectual & spiritual p[]s 9 full & p]fect accord ) reason4 ,x is ,p>adise ,rega9$ by man's climb+ ! m\nta9 ( ,purgatory1 & its significance is und]/ood if we rememb] t ,dante w\ld tea* u t ! pres5t life c be made dual1 a life wor? :ile 9 itself1 full ( s]vice & godl9ess z well z a prep>ation = ! un5d+ life ( ,heav54 ,= ,dante !re mu/ be1 also1 ! ,cele/ial ,p>adise :]e man's sup]natural de/9y w be realiz$ 9 joys :i* ! eye has n se5 & 9 music :i* ! e> has n he>d4 ,8 ,p>adiso has be5 call$ ! ,t5 ,heav5s1 b 9 reality !re is 9 8 plan only "o ,heav51 ! ,empyrean1 ! abode ( ! angels1 ( ! bless$ spirits & ( ,god4 ,x is high above ! planets & ! />s1 beyond "t & space4 ,! ,*ur* has nev] answ]$ ! "q3 ,:]e is ,heav58 ,!ologians1 h[ev]1 h put =? v>i\s op9ions4 ,"s say1 writes ,fa!r ,hon!91 t ,heav5 is ev]y:]e1 z ,god is ev]y:]e1 ! bless$ be+ free to move freely 9 e "p ( ! univ]se :ile /ill rema9+ ) ,god & see+ ,him ev]y:]e4 ,o!rs hold t ,heav5 is a special place ) def9ite limits4 ,naturally ?is place is held to exi/1 n )9 ! e>?1 b 9 accordance ) ! expressions ( ,scripture1 ')\t & beyond its limits4' 7,ca?4 ,encycl41 ,,vii1 #agj47 ,accord+ to ,dante's conception1 ,heav51 be+ non-spatial & non-temporal1 is n a place b a /ate ( spiritual life4 ,z an aid 9 depict+ t /ate he makes use ( a unique lit]>y device4 ,he poetically creates n9e ,heav5s1 ! ,moon1 ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ! ,sun1 ,m>s1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 ! ,fix$ ,/>s1 ! ,primum ,mobile or ,fir/ ,movem5t4 ,^!1 accord+ to ! ,ptolemaic sy/em :i* our poet foll[s1 are conc5tric ) ! e>?1 ar\nd :i* z _! c5t] !y revolve1 :ile ! e>? rema9s fix$ & motionless4 ,! motion ( ea* ( ^! n9e sph]es1 orig9ally com+ f ! ,primum ,mobile1 is communicat$ to x by ! love ( ! angelic gu>dians1 a lit]al application ( ! common say+ t love makes ! _w g ar\nd4 ,z a poetic fiction necess>y = him to ent] f9ally ! true ,heav5 ,dante is requir$ to pass ?r\gh ^! n9e sph]es1 ! fiction be+ us$ by him z an arti/ to decl>e ! glories ( ! heav5s & z a tea*] to inculcate doctr9es = ! in/ruction & edification ( mank9d4 ,9 ea* ( ! n9e ,heav5s gr\ps ( ! bless$ are repres5t$ z com+ to meet him z he returns to ,god z to ! port :5ce 7he7 set out :5 7he7 fir/ ent]$ ^u ! sea ( ?is life4 ,?is pe]less rhetorical figure is expla9$ 9 ! ,banquet1 :]e he says3 ,z 8 fell[-citiz5s come =? to meet him :o returns f a long j\rney ev5 be=e he ent]s ! gates ( 8 city2 s to ! noble s\l come =? ! citiz5s ( ! et]nal ,life4 ,?is app>ition ( ! bless$ spirits to greet ! my/ic travell] z he m\nts f sph]e to sph]e has sev]al advantages3 x peoples ) ho/s ( spirits1 ! imm5se lonely spaces ?r\gh :i* ! j\rney lies2 x af=ds ! poet ! opportunity ( ask+ !m _m ?+s :i* h great utility & delight2 x f9ally gives him a s5sible sign ( ! degree ( beatitude :i* !y possess 9 t realm ( _m mansions :]e ea* is rew>d$ accord+ to 8 m]it & capacity1 ! capacity ( ea* _s be+ 9 proportion to its degree ( k & love4 ,?is is /ress$ by ! poet's repres5t+ ! app>itions fir/ z fa9t yet beautiful outl9es ( human features1 !n z asc5t is made to ! o!r ,heav5s1 ! spirits make !mselves kn[n by increas+ manife/ations ( light s dazzl+ f9ally t ! spl5dor w\ld bl9d ,dante if 8 vision 7 n div9ely adapt$ to its sup]natural ne$s4 ,! inequalities ( bliss are also symboliz$ by ! sph]e 9 :i* ! spirits appe> to him2 ^? 9 ! sph]e ( ! moon1 e4g41 are less favor$ ?an ^? 9 ! ,heav5 ( ,m]cury4 ,! inequality ( m]it1 & !re=e ( rew>d1 is also decl>$ by ! diff]5ce 9 bo? ! quickness ( ! spirits' movem5t & _! cle>ness ( vision into ! ess5ce ( ,god4 ,! ,empyrean1 x is wor? :ile repeat+1 is ! only true ,p>adise1 ! n9e ,heav5s be+ only my?s or poetic devices4 ,if spirits are se5 !re1 !y h come =? only f ! ,empyrean & w quickly return !re aft] prep>+ ! poet = ! et]nal ,light ( ,light4 ,! mat]ials out ( :i* ,dante con/ructs 8 ,p>adiso are n1 z we are already aw>e1 fanta/ic images su* z he employ$ = ! fir/ two p>ts ( ! ,div9a ,comm$ia1 b are ?+s ( ! _s1 viz41 k1 beauty1 fai?1 love1 joy2 & he is aid$ 9 mak+ visible ^? invisible entities ( ! spiritual life by su* intangible ?+s z s\nd1 motion & light4 ,light1 inde$1 is "o ( ! lead+ elem5ts 9 ! ,p>adiso4 ,! poem beg9s ) a ref]5ce to ! light ( ,god's glory1 & its la/ l9e speaks ( ! ,love :i* moves ! ,sun & ! o!r />s4 ,& betwe5 ?is beg9n+ & ?is end 9 ?irty-?ree canti*e light is repres5t$ n only by degrees ( increas+ int5sity & v>iety ( unlock$ = movem5ts b z surr\nd+ ! spirits1 liv+ flames1 & con/itut+1 symbolically1 ! beatitude ( ,heav54 ,dean ,*ur*1 9 8 classic essay on ,dante1 has a beautiful p>agraph t "h calls = quotation3 ,light 9 g5]al is 8 special & *os5 s\rce ( poetic beauty4 ,no poet t we "k has %[n su* s+ul> s5sibility to its v>i$ appe>ances4444 ,light ev]y:]e--9 ! sky & e>? & sea--9 ! />s1 ! flames1 ! lamp1 ! gems--brok5 9 ! wat]1 reflect$ f ! mirror1 transmitt$ ?r\gh ! glass1 or color$ ?r\gh ! edge ( ! fractur$ em]ald--dimm$ 9 ! mi/4 ,! halo1 ! deep wat]--/ream+ ?r\gh ! r5t cl\d1 gl[+ 9 ! coal1 quiv]+ 9 ! lightn+1 fla%+ 9 ! topaz & ! ruby1 veil$ beh9d ! pure alaba/]1 mell[$ & cl\d+ itself 9 ! pe>l-light contra/$ ) %ad[1 %ad+ (f & copy+ itself 9 ! d\ble ra9b[ l voice & e*o--light se5 )9 light--light f e s\rce & 9 all its %apes illum9ates1 irradiates1 gives glory to ! ,comm$ia4444 ,& :5 he 7,dante7 rises beyond ! regions ( e>?ly day1 light1 simple & unalloy$1 un%ad[$ & et]nal1 lifts ! creations ( 8 ?\ght above all aff9ity to "t & matt]2 light nev] fails him1 z ! expression ( ! gradations ( bliss2 nev] reappe>s ! same1 nev] refuses ! new %apes ( 8 inv5tion1 nev] becomes confus$ or dim1 ?\gh x is seldom ?r[n into di/9ct figure & /ill m seldom color$4 ,9 mak+ light su* a c5tral feature ( ,heav5 & symbolically 9 id5tify+ light ) ,god & ! angels & ! bless$1 ,dante is only express+--b express+ beautifully & supremely--! ?\ght :i* pagan oracles proclaim$ & ,holy ,writ & ! ,*ur* made kn[n4 ,f ! e>lie/ ages ! sun :i* vivifies & illum9ates ! _w 0 reg>d$ by _m nations z ! symbol ( ! ,deity--& by /ill o!r nations x 0 ador$4 ,! psalmi/1 address+ ,god1 says3 ,?\ art clo!d ) light z ) a g>m5t4 7,ps41 ,,ciii1 #b47 ,/4 ,paul decl>es t ! ,"l ( ,lords inhabite? light inaccessible4 7#a ,tim41 ,,vi1 #af47 ,! ,se] ( ,patmos tells u t ! heav5ly ,j]usalem has no ne$ ( ! light ( ! sun & ! moon to %9e ^u x1 = ! glory ( ,god ha? enlight5$ x & ! ,lamb is ! lamp !re(4 7,apoc41 ,,xx1 #bc47 ,i am ! light ( ! _w1 decl>es ,*ri/1 & ) t revelation r++ 9 8 e>s ! ,belov$ ,disciple does n hesitate to say3 & ?is is ! decl>ation :i* we h he>d--t ,god is light4 7,i ,john1 ,i1 #e47 ,9 n>rat+ 8 vision ( ,heav51 ,eze*ial comp>es ! light emanat+ f & envelop+ ! ,deity1 to fire4 ,i saw ! lik5ess z ( ! appe>ance ( fire1 z ! appe>ance ( brightness4 7,,xxiv1 #ag47 ,moses on ! m\nta9 saw ! ,"l 9 ! mid/ ( fire1 & on ano!r m\nta9 ,*ri/1 ! brightness ( 8 ,fa!r's glory 0 transfigur$ be=e 8 apo/les & 8 face did %9e z ! ,sun & 8 g>m5ts became %9+ or glitt]+4 7,matt41 ,,xvii1 #b47 ,small wond] !n t ! ,nicaean cre$ decl>es t ,*ri/ is ,god ( ,god1 ,light ( light4 ,n only ) ,god1 b ) ,8 sa9ts is ! idea ( visible light intimately associat$4 ,! prophet ,daniel tells u t ,!y t are le>n$ %all %9e z ! brightness ( ! firmam5t1 & !y t in/ruct _m unto ju/ice1 z />s to all et]nity4 7,,xii1 #c47 ,& x is ,*ri/ ,himself :o says3 ,!n %all ! j %9e z ! sun1 9 ! k+dom ( _! ,fa!r4 7,matt41 ,,xiii1 #dc47 ,9 us+ su* a subtle1 dazzl+ elem5t z light s g5]ally & 9 su* c\ntless v>ieties ?r\gh\t 8 ,p>adiso1 ,dante is expos$ to ! dang] ( pall+ 8 read]s ) brightness & mak+ !m lose int]e/ 9 ?+s glori\s & sup]nal4 ,b ! g5ius ( ! man saves ! arti/4 ,by a conception ( mat*less beauty he b9ds ! light ( heav5 to ! human1 mak+ ! smile 9 ! eye ( 8 belov$ guide1 ,beatrice1 express 8 own p]sonal heav51 9 ! light t ent]s 8 m9d & ! ardor :i* quick5s 8 he>t4 ,z he m\nts ) h] ! /airway ( ! heav5s lead+ to ! ,et]nal ,palace & 8 motion is br\ght ab\t simply by 8 gaz+ into h] eyes1 %e makes kn[n to him by h] increas+ brightness bo? 8 own m\nt+ k & 8 asc5t ne>] ! ,empyrean4 ,z ,dante repres5ts ! increase ( light & love deep5+ & exp&+ 9 him z he rises empyreanw>d all by ! lov$ smile ( 8 belov$ ,beatrice1 x is well t we be> 9 m9d ! significance ( ! symbolism z exp\nd$ by ! poet 9 8 ,banquet4 7,,iii1 #ae47 ,beatrice be+ ,revelation or ,wisdom made kn[n to ! _w1 9 h] face appe> ?+s t tell ( ! pleasures ( ,p>adise & 444 ! place :]e9 ?is appe>s is 9 h] eyes & h] smile4 ,& "h x %\ld be kn[n t ! eyes ( ,wisdom are ! two demon/rations by :i* is se5 ! tru? mo/ c]ta9ly2 & h] smile is h] p]suasion by :i* is %[n =? ! int]ior light ( ,wisdom "u "s veil2 & 9 ^! two ?+s is felt ! highe/ pleasure ( beatitude1 :i* is ! greate/ good ( ,p>adise4 ,beatrice--,reveal$ ,tru?--rema9s ! poet's guide until he comes to behold ! ,beatific ,vision4 ,!n1 no long] ne$$1 %e )draws 9 favor ( ! contemplative ,/4 ,b]n>d z guide1 j z ,virgil _h )drawn :5 he 0 p[]less & :5 ,beatrice 0 ne$$4 ,! "q "h pres5ts itself3 ,9 :at does ,dante place ! happ9ess ( ,heav58 ,does he pa9t su* a ,heav5 t x %[s pr9cipally ! rectifications ( ! inequalities ( ?is life--a ,heav5 ( su* happ9ess1 e4g41 t ! poor w love pov]ty or be resign$ to x 9 ! hope ( possess+ ! ri*es ( ?is ,et]nity8 ,is ,dante's ,heav5 "o 9 :i* happ9ess is s allur+ t innoc5ce w gladly submit to calumny & fai? w lov+ly welcome ! sword or /ake1 9 ! c]ta9 confid5ce ( ga9+ un5d+ glory or bliss8 ,! ,p>adiso does rew>d pov]ty1 cr[n innoc5ce1 glorify m>tyrdom1 b x 0 nev] int5d$ to be an acc\nt ( :at takes place 9 ! real ,heav51 or to be a description ( ! p>ticul> acts ( goodness :i* w9 ,heav5 = ! s\l1 or a raptur\s picture appeal+ to ! emotions ( ! believ] & allur+ him f e>?4 ,does ,dante place ! happ9ess ( ,heav5 9 ! bliss & glorification ( family reunion8 ,he is too good a !ologian to place ! ess5tial happ9ess ( ,heav5 m]ely 9 ! joy ( family reunion4 ,he does n ignore t feature ( et]nity1 b he does n /ress x1 because temp]am5tally he is mov$ less by s5tim5t ( family & ties ( fri5d%ip ?an by 8 curiosity = k1 by 8 ye>n+s to behold ,et]nal ,wisdom4 ,only once does he m5tion ,heav5 z ! /ate ( reunion ( families & fri5ds1 & t is :5 he comm5ts ^u ! action ( ! tw5ty-?ree spirits 9 ! ,heav5 ( ! ,sun1 9 express+ _! agreem5t ) ,soloman's disc\rse z to ! p>ticipation :i* ! human body w h1 aft] ! ,resurrection 9 ! glories ( ,p>adise3 ,s ready & s cordial an ,am5 ,foll['d f ei!r *oir1 z pla9ly spoke ,desire ( _! dead bodies2 yet p]*ance ,n = !mselves1 b = _! k9dr$ de>1 ,mo!rs & sires & ^? :om be/ !y lov$1 ,ere !y 7 made imp]i%able flames4 7,,xiv1 #fe47 ,= ,dante1 ,heav5 mu/ be ! beatitude ( ! intellect & t prim>ily by ! intellect's hav+ an intuition full ( joy 9 ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 & secondly by its possess+ full light on all ^? vexati\s problems & my/]ies :i* baffle u 9 ?is life4 ,well ,i p]ceive t nev] sat$ is ,our intellect unless ,tru? illum9es x1 ,beyond :i* no?+ true exp&s itself4 ,x re/s !re91 z wild bea/ 9 8 lair ,:5 x atta9s x & x c atta9 x4 7,,iv1 #abe47 ,9 insi/+ ^u ! p[] ( ! m9d to "k ! tru? & to f9d p]fect happ9ess 9 ! sup]natural act ( behold+ ,god face to face1 ,dante is n 9 agreem5t ) ,pragmatism1 ,hegelianism & ! new ,reali/ !ory--all :i* make tru? elusive to ! m9d2 b he is 9 full accord ) ! tea*+ ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :i* def5ds ! rights ( reason hold+1 e4g41 t by ! natural light ( reason ,god c be kn[n ) c]ta9ty1 by means ( creat$ ?+s 7,vatican ,c\ncil71 & proclaim+ t all ! sa9ts 9 ,heav5 h se5 & d see ! ,div9e ,ess5ce by direct intuition & face to face 9 su* wise t no?+ creat$ int]v5es z an object ( vision2 444 t ! ,div9e ,ess5ce pres5ts itself to _! imm$iate gaze1 unveil$1 cle>ly & op5ly2 t 9 ?is vision !y enjoy ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 & 9 virtue ( ?is vision & ?is enjoym5t !y are truly bless$ & possess et]nal life & et]nal re/4 7,b5$ict ,,xii1 ,ca?4 ,encycl41 ,,vii1 #aga47 ,x is int]e/+ to see h[ ,dante's ,ma/]1 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 demon/rates ! proposition t ! beatitude ( man consi/s 9 ! vision ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,) 8 usual lucidity ( ?\ght he writes3 ,! la/ & p]fect happ9ess ( man _c be o!rwise ?an 9 ! vision ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,9 evid5ce ( ?is /atem5t two po9ts are to be consid]$3 fir/1 t man is n p]fectly happy s long z !re rema9s any?+ = him to desire & seek2 secondly1 t ! p]fection ( e p[] is det]m9$ by ! nature ( its object4 ,n[ ! object ( ! intellect is ! ess5ce ( a ?+2 h5ce ! intellect atta9s to p]fection s f> z x kn[s ! ,ess5ce ( :at is be=e x4 ,& !re=e1 :5 a man kn[s an effect & kn[s t x has a cause1 !re is 9 him an out/&+ natural desire ( kn[+ ! ess5ce ( ! cause4 ,if1 !re=e1 a human intellect kn[s ! ess5ce ( a creat$ effect )\t kn[+ aught ( ,god beyond ! fact ( ,8 exi/5ce1 ! p]fection ( t intellect does n yet adequately rea* ! ,fir/ ,cause1 b ! intellect has an out/&+ natural desire ( se>*+ into ! said ,cause2 h5ce x is n yet p]fectly happy4 ,= p]fect happ9ess1 !re=e1 x is neces>y t ! intellect %all rea* z f> z ! v ess5ce ( ! ,fir/ ,cause4 7,rickaby1 ,aqu9as ,e?icus ,i1 #b q41 #c a1 #h47 ,?is ma/]ly exposition is aft] all only ! philosophical developm5t ( :at e ,ca?olic *ild le>ns f "o ( ! fir/ que/ions ( ! little ,cate*ism3 ,:y did ,god make y8 ,god made me to "k ,him1 to love ,him1 & to s]ve ,him 9 ?is life1 & to be happy ) ,him =ev] 9 ! next4 ,) ! satisfaction ( ! intellect's b\ndless ye>n+ = k atta9$ by intuition ( ! ,ess5ce ( ,god1 a consummation t w some:at deify u--,:o %all be made l to him1 because we %all see him z he is 7,i ,john1 ,,iii1 #b471 ! happ9ess ( man w be prim>ily intellectual1 be+ z ,dante beautifully says3 ,light intellectual full ( love1 love ( ! true good1 full ( joy1 joy t transc5de? all sweetness4 7,,xxx1 #dj47 ,8 ,heav51 !n1 is no ,nirvana1 = ea* _s w = et]nity h its individuality1 & its activity w be unremitt+ 9 see+ ,god face to face--a vision t w cause ! _s increas+ wond] 9 an act t w h no flagg+ nor satiety4 ,:at1 aft] all1 is ,heav51 says ,bulw] ,lytton1 b a transition f dim guesses to ! fullness ( wisdom1 f ignorance to k1 b k ( :at ord]8 ,to t exclamation ( ! n9ete5? c5tury writ] ! m$ieval se] answ]s ) conviction t ! summum bonum is to be f\nd only 9 ! intellect's atta9+ ,tru?4 ,let u n[ jo9 ,dante 9 8 my/ic j\rney to ! ,heav5ly ,k+dom4 ,we left him aft] ?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ,purgatory1 /&+ ) ,beatrice on ! summit ( ! m\nta9 9 ! ,e>?ly ,p>adise1 :]e he rema9$ six h\rs4 ,at noon he beg9s 8 asc5t ?r\gh space1 a feat accompli%$ by ,beatrice's look+ up to ! ,heav5s & by ,dante's fix+ 8 eyes ^u h]4 ,at once 8 human nature is suppos$ to take on agility1 ! sup]natural quality :i* makes ! body indep5d5t ( space1 & he beg9s to rise ) incompreh5sible velocity4 ,?\gh !y are travell+ )\t consci\s movem5t at ! rate ( #hd1jjj miles a second1 !re is "t = ,dante's m9d to op]ate 9 desire to "k h[ he c asc5d c\nt] to gravitation & = ,beatrice to disc\rse ^u ! law--,dante's inv5tion--( univ]sal 7mat]ial & spiritual7 gravitation4 ,! newness ( ! s\nd & ! great light ,k9dl$ 9 me a long+ = _! cause ,nev] be=e ) su* acut5ess felt4 ,& %e began3 ',?\ make/ ?yself s dull ,) false imag9+1 t ?\ sees n ,:at ?\ w\ld/ see if ?\ had/ %ak5 x (f4 ,?\ are n ^u e>? z ?\ believe/2 ,b lightn+1 flee+ its appropriate site1 ,ne'er ran z ?\1 :o ?i!rw>d returne/4' 7,i1 #hh47 ,%e expla9s ! ord] e/abli%$ by ,provid5ce by =ce ( :i* creat$ be+s seek _! natural habitat1 e>?ly ?+s be+ attract$ d[nw>d1 spiritual entities be+ drawn upw>d irresi/ibly if !y d n oppose ?is innate incl9ation to good4 ,x is z natural = a man purg$ ( all evil to asc5d to ,god1 %e decl>es1 z x is = a /ream f a m\nta9 height to fall into a valley4 ,v %ortly aft] ?is1 ! fir/ /age ( ! cele/ial j\rney is rea*$4 ,direct ?y m9d to ,god 9 gratitude1 %e said1 :o ha? unit$ u ) ! fir/ />4 ,me seem$ a cl\d envelop$ u1 %9+ d5se1 firm & poli%$ l a diamond smitt5 by ! sun4 ,)9 itself ! et]nal pe>l receiv$ u1 z wat] do? receive a ray ( light1 ?\gh /ill itself uncleft4 ,?is is ! ,heav5 ( ! ,moon1 ! planet f>!/ remov$ f ! ,empyrean & !re=e ! sph]e :]e n only motion b also beatitude are lea/ 9 ! heav5ly bodies4 ,! sph]e ( ! ,moon1 inde$ ) ^? ( ,m]cury & ( ,v5us1 is held by ,dante's cosmography to be )9 ! %ad[ ca/ by ! e>?4 ,consequ5tly1 ! spirits 9 ^? ?ree l[e/ ,heav5s are repres5t$ z less p]fect ?an ^? 9 ! high] sph]es1 because 9 ! moral s5se ! %ad[ ( e>? fell ^u _! lives mak+ !m imp]fect ?r\gh incon/ancy1 va9 glory or unlawful love4 ,9 ! ,heav5 ( ! ,moon a long disquisition is c>ri$ on by ,beatrice 9 explanation ( ,dante's "q z to :y !re are spots on ! moon4 ,x is v likely t ?is matt] ( app>5t irrelevance 9 ! heav5ly realms is introduc$ "h at ! v fir/ /age ( ! asc5t to give ! poet ! opportunity ( proclaim+ t ! fir/ ?+ "o mu/ le>n 9 8 passage heav5w>d--ev5 if ?is is to be und]/ood 9 an allegorical s5se--is t ! laws ( ! laboratory are n ! rationale ( ! heav5ly _w & t to employ !m to expla9 ! sup]nal is to violate ! v sci5ce ( ^! laws1 9 an application ( scope to :i* 9 _! v nature !y prote/4 ,?is po9t ( see+ natural causes = ! unexpla9able ph5om5on ( ,heav5 & especially ( rely+ ^u ! te/imony ( ! s5ses is soon br\ght out by ,beatrice reprov+ ,dante = ?9k+ t ! spirits :om he n[ sees are only reflections ( ! human face3 ,m>vel ?\ n1 %e said to me1 because ,i smile at ?is ?y pu]ile conceit1 ,s9ce on ! tru? x tru/s n yet its foot1 ,b turns !e1 z 'tis wont1 on empt9ess4 ,true sub/ances are ^! :i* ?\ beholde/1 ,"h relegate = break+ ( "s v[4 ,!re=e speak ) !m1 li/5 & believe4 7,,iii1 #be47 ,s direct$1 ! poet gazes aga9 ^u ! fa9t =ms appe>+ l reflections se5 9 a plate ( glass or 9 a d>k1 %all[ pool4 ,^!1 ! fir/ spirits he meets1 are app>itions 9 human =m4 ,9 ! o!r sph]es all t he w see ( ! s\ls w be ! light :i* envelopes !m & :i* seem+ly is id5tifi$ ) !m1 b "h he sees beautiful wom5 div9ely glori\s ev5 9 _! dim outl9e1 :o z nuns _h violat$ _! v[ ( p]petual *a/ity4 ,9 ! ,inf]no ! poet1 to lead ! reprobate s\l to speak to him1 promis$ e>?ly fame2 9 ,purgatorio !re 0 ! (f] ( int]cessory pray]1 "h 9 ! fir/ ,heav5 !re is only an appeal to ! *>ity :i* inflames ! _s4 ,all eag]ness1 ,dante n[ addresses ! _s1 :o appe>s mo/ desir\s to conv]se ) him4 ,?is is ,picc>da1 k9swoman ( 8 wife & si/] ( 8 fri5d ,=ese 7,purg4 ,,xxiii1 #dj71 a ,poor ,cl>e nun1 :o 0 compell$ by h] bro!r1 ,corse1 to leave h] conv5t & m>ry ,rossell9o della ,tosa 9 ! expectation t ! m>riage w\ld promote a political alliance4 ,s sacrific$1 ! "y virg9 si/] ( l(ty ideals & delicate spiritual s5sibility1 exp]i5c$ unhapp9ess1 ! int5sity ( :i* is reveal$ by ! ellipsis conta9$ 9 ! magic l9e3 ,& ,god do? "k :at my life became4 ,dante addresses ,picc>da3 ',o well-creat$ _s1 :o 9 ! rays ,( life et]nal do/ ! sweetness ta/e ,:i* be+ unta/$ ne'er is compreh5d$1 ,grateful 'twill be to me1 if ?\ cont5t me ,bo? ) ?y "n & ) y\r de/9y4' ,:]eat1 %e promptly & ) laugh+ eyes3 ',our *>ity do? nev] %ut ! doors ,aga9/ a j desire1 except z %e ,:o wills t all h] c\rt be l h]self4 ,i 0 a virg9 si/] 9 ! _w2 ,& if ?y m9d do? contemplate me well1 ,! be+ m fair w n conceal me f !e1 ,b ?\ %alt recognize ,i am ,picc>da1 ,:o1 /ation$ "h among ^! o!r bless$1 ,myself am bless$ 9 ! l[e/ sph]e4 ,all our affections1 t alone inflam$ ,are 9 ! pleasure ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,rejoice at be+ ( 8 ord] =m$2 ,& ?is allotm5t1 :i* appe>s s l[1 ,!re=e is giv5 u1 because our v[s ,h be5 neglect$ & 9 "s "p void4' ,:5ce ,i to h]3 ',9 y\r miracul\s aspects ,!re %9es ,i "k n :at ( ! div9e1 ,:i* do? trans=m y f our fir/ conceptions4 ,!re=e ,i 0 n swift 9 my remembrance2 ,b :at ?\ telle/ me n[ aids me s1 ,t ! refigur+ is easi] to me4' 7,,iii1 #cg47 ,dante1 y recall1 _h f\nd ! s\ls 9 ,purgatory cont5t$ ) _! lot1 ?\gh !y 7 endur+ great suff]+2 9 ,heav5 he is eag] to le>n 9 ! v beg9n+ :e!r ! ,elect are satisfi$ ) ! decree :i* aw>ds to !m happ9ess 9 unequal measure4 ,s he asks ,picc>da :e!r %e & ! o!r spirits 9 ?is l[e/ sph]e are n eag] = a high] place4 ,! answ] is "o ( ! mo/ t\*+ & beautiful passages 9 ! poem1 summ+ up 9 language ( radiant gladness ! law ( ,heav5 t 9 ,god's w is our peace1 words :i* ,glad/one says appe> to h an unexpressible maje/y ( tru? ab\t !m1 to be almo/ z if !y 7 spok5 f ! v m\? ( ,god4 ',b tell me1 ye :o 9 ?is place are happy1 ,are y desir\s ( a high] place1 ,to see m or to make y\rselves m fri5ds8' ,fir/1 ) ^? o!r %ades1 %e smil$ a little2 ,!reaft] answ]$ me s full ( gladness1 ,%e seem$ to burn 9 ! fir/ fire ( love3 ',bro!r1 our w is quiet$ by virtue ,( *>ity1 t makes u wi% alone ,= :at we h1 nor gives u ?ir/ = m4 ,if to be m exalt$ we aspir$1 ,discordant w\ld our aspirations be ,unto ! w ( ,him :o "h secludes u2 ,:i* ?\-%alt see f9ds no place 9 ^! circles1 ,if be+ 9 *>ity is ne$ful "h1 ,& if ?\ looke/ well into its nature2 ,nay 'tis ess5tial to ?is ble/ exi/5ce ,to keep itself )9 ! w div9e1 ,:]eby our v wi%es are made "o2 ,s t1 z we are /ation above /ation ,?r\gh\t ?is realm1 to all ! realm 'tis pleas+1 ,z to ! ,k+1 :o makes ,8 w our w4 ,& ,8 w is our peace2 ?is is ! sea ,to :i* is mov+ onw>d :atsoev] ,x do? create1 & all t nature makes4' ,!n x 0 cle> to me h[ ev]y:]e ,9 ,heav5 is ,p>adise1 al?\gh ! grace ,( good supreme !re ra9 n 9 "o measure4 7,,iii1 #fd47 ,picc>da !n tells ! mov+ /ory ( h] life1 h[ z a girl %e ent]$ ! ord] ( ,/4 ,cl>e1 only to be torn f ! nunn]y & giv5 into m>riage4 ,a p]fect life & m]it high 9 ,heav5 ,a lady o'er u1 said %e1 by ^: rule ,d[n 9 y\r _w !y ve/ & veil !mselves1 ,t until dea? !y may bo? wat* & sleep ,beside t ,sp\se :o e v[ accepts ,:i* *>ity con=me? to 8 pleasure4 ,to foll[ h]1 9 girlhood f ! _w ,i fl$1 & 9 h] habit %ut myself1 ,& pl$g$ me to ! pa?way ( h] sect4 ,!n m5 accu/om$ unto evil m ,?an unto good1 f ! sweet cloi/] tore me2 ,god kn[s :at aft]w>d my life became4 7,,iii1 #ig47 ,c]ta9 que/ions int]e/+ to a seek] ( tru? gr[ out ( ,picc>da's /atem5t & ^! ,beatrice proce$s to solve = ! edification ( ,dante4 ,! fir/ "q asks :e!r 9 ! assignm5t to ! l[e/ sph]e ( s\ls :o violat$ _! v[s1 !re is div9e ,ju/ice2 ! second conc]ns ,plato's tea*+ t s\ls really come f ! />s & return ?i!r2 ! ?ird is ab\t ! loss ( m]it ?r\gh co]cion ( ! w1 z exemplifi$ 9 ! case ( ,picc>da4 ,! solution ( ^! difficulties ne$ n deta9 u if only we rememb] ,dante's view t ! !ories ma9ta9$ by him 9 ! ,heav5 ( ! ,moon are int5d$ to manife/1 z ,g>dn] & ,sc>tazz9i po9t out1 ! moral fre$om ( man & to %[ t no ext]nal ?+ c int]f]e ) ! s\l t is b5t ^u atta9+ ! end = :i* ,god has de/9$ x4 ,to ! next ,heav51 ! sph]e ( ,m]cury1 ,beatrice & ,dante so> m swiftly ?an an arr[ atta9s its m>k :ile ! b[ is /ill vibrat+4 ,increas+ 9 lovel9ess z %e asc5ds1 ,beatrice1 9 ! second realm1 radiates su* spl5dor t ,m]cury itself1 ap>t f its own light1 ga9s su* glory f h] t x seems to glitt] or smile f v gladness4 ,my lady !re s joyful ,i beheld ,z unto ! brightness ( t heav5 %e ent]$ ,m lum9\s !reat ! planet grew1 ,& if ! /> itself 0 *ang$ & smil$ ,:at became ,i :o by my nature am ,exce$+ mutable 9 e guise8 7,v1 #ig47 ,greet+ ! travell]s1 m ?an a ?\s& spirits joyfully exclaim3 ,lo1 "o :o %all increase our loves6 ,! ,sa9ts 9 ,m]cury ?us te/ify to _! delight t "o 7,dante7 has come to be ! fre% object ( _! love1 j z x is said t !re %all be joy be=e ! angels ( ,god ^u "o s9n] do+ p5ance4 7,luke ,,xv1 #aj47 ,^! spl5dors 9 ,m]cury are ! s\ls ( ^? 9 ^: virtue !re 0 ! alloy ( ambition & va+lory--a comb9ation1 accord+ to ,dante1 :i* makes ! rays ( true love less vividly m\nt upw>ds4 ,! poet is address$ by a _s :o bids him ask any "q he w & ,beatrice confirms ! invitation4 ,speak1 speak ) confid5ce & tru/ !m ev5 z gods4 ,all eag]ness = k1 ,dante inquires ( ! fri5dly spl5dor :o he is & :y he is 9 ?is p>ticul> ,heav54 ,! /ory told by ! _s ( ,emp]or ,ju/9ian is a brief sket* ( 8 own life1 ) ref]5ce to 8 conv]sion f h]esy by ,pope ,agapetus1 to ! victories ( 8 g5]al1 ,belis>ius1 & to 8 own great "w ( ! codification ( ! ,roman law4 ,he !n traces ! hi/ory ( ,rome f ! "t ( neas to ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b5t ^u %[+ t ! ,roman ,empire1 z a _w-p[] ov] gov]nm5ts & peoples1 is div9e 9 its in/itution & provid5tially protect$ 9 its c\rse4 ,two facts are adduc$ 9 cr[n+ pro( ( ?is audaci\s /atem5t1 viz41 ,*ri/'s *oos+ to be born & to be regi/]$ z a subject ( ,cs> & ,8 crucifixion "u ,tib]ius1 act+ ?r\gh ,pontius ,pilate z ! div9ely con/itut$ in/rum5t ( et]nal ju/ice ex]cis$ by ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r aga9/ ,8 ,son1 at once ! victim ( s9 & its atonem5t4 ,dante enl>ges on ?is po9t 9 8 ,mon>*ia4 ,if ! ,roman ,empire did n exi/ by "r1 ! s9 ( ,adam 0 n puni%$ 9 ,*ri/4444 ,if1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ _h n suff]$ by ! s5t5ce ( a regul> judge1 ! p5alty w\ld n h be5 prop]ly puni%$2 & none c\ld be a regul> judge :o _h n jurisdiction ov] all mank9d1 = all mank9d 0 puni%$ 9 ! fle% ( ,*ri/1 :o 'ha? borne our infirmities & c>ri$ our sorr[s1' z said ! prophet ,isaias4 ,& if ! ,roman ,empire _h n exi/$ by "r1 ,tib]ius ,cs>1 ^: vic> 0 ,pontius ,pilate1 w\ld n h _h jurisdiction ov] all mank9d4 ,to u bo? ! argum5t & its conclusion are :olly indef5sible4 ,x seems inde$ a mock]y & a blasphemy to attribute to su* a mon/] z ,tib]ius ,cs> glory because ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$ 9 8 reign4 ,dante's words1 h[ev]1 z spok5 by ,ju/9ian1 leave no room = d\bt t ! poet 0 conv9c$ t all ! anci5t celebrity ( ,rome 0 insignificant z comp>$ to ! glory t w\ld come to x because x w\ld c>ry out ! crucifixion ( ,*ri/4 ,b :at ! /&>d t has made me speak ,a*iev$ be=e1 & aft] %\ld a*ieve ,?r\gh\t ! mortal realm t lies b5ea?1 ,become? 9 appe>ance mean & dim ,if 9 ! h& ( ! ?ird ,cs> se5 ,) an eye uncl\d$ & affection pure ,because ! liv+ ,ju/ice t inspires me ,grant$ x1 9 ! h& ( him ,i speak ( ,! glory ( do+ v5g5ce = its wra?4 7,,vi1 #hb47 ,%9+ among ! spl5dors ( ,m]cury is a _s :o1 ?\gh he 0 n a lawmak] l ,ju/9ian1 atta9$ e>?ly r5[n by arrang+ ! m>riages ( f\r ,k+s4 ,kn[n by ! "n ( ,romeo1 a ^w mean+ a pilgrim ( ,rome1 ?is man came a /rang] to ! ,c\rt ( ,raymond ,b]5g]1 ,c\rt ( ,prov5ce1 multipli$ ! income )\t less5+ ! gr&eur ( 8 ma/] & br\ght ab\t ! m>riages to royalty ( ! f\r daught]s ( ! h\sehold--,m>g>et to ,/4 ,l\is ( ,france1 ,eleanor to ,h5ry ,,iii ( ,engl&1 ,sanzia to ,ri*>d1 ,e>l ( ,cornwall 7bro!r ( ,h5ry ,,iii71 elect$ ,k+ ( ! ,romans1 ,beatrice to ,*>les ( ,anj\1 lat] by ,papal inve/iture1 ,k+ ( ,naples4 ,*>g$ by jeal\s b>ons ) hav+ wa/$ 8 ma/]'s goods1 ,romeo e/abli%$ 8 innoc5ce & !n dep>t$ z he came1 on a mule & ) a pilgrim's /aff4 ,f afflu5ce he goes a-begg+ & ?is is s mu* l ,dante's own case t ! poet's sympa?y goes out to ! calumniat$ man1 & he says ) t\*+ simplicity3 ,if ! _w c\ld "k ! he>t he _h ,9 begg+ bit by bit 8 livelihood1 ,?\gh mu* x laud him1 x w\ld laud him m4 7,,vi1 #adj47 ,ju/9ian's words z to ! crucifixion ( ,*ri/ sugge/ to ,dante ?is "q3 ,:y 0 man's r$emption effect$ by ! dea? ( ,*ri/ ^u ! ,cross r ?an by "s o!r mode8 ,inve/+ ! argum5tative propositions ( ,/4 ,?omas ) poetic beauty1 ,dante %[s t :ile ,god might h freely p>don$ man )\t exact+ any satisfaction1 on ! hypo!sis t ,he _h *os5 to re/ore mank9d to ,8 favor & at ! same "t to require full satisfaction z a condition ( p>don & deliv]ance1 !re 0 only "o way = ! accompli%m5t ( ?is reconciliation & t 0 by ! atonem5t ( ,"o :o 0 bo? ,god & ,man4 ,= s91 inasmu* z x is an act aga9/ ! ,inf9ite ,be+1 requires a satisfaction ( inf9ite value4 ,man be+ f9ite is incapable ( adequately mak+ su* satisfaction4 ,b ! ,^w 0 made fle% t by ,8 atonem5t on ! ,cross ,m]cy w\ld be decl>$ & ,ju/ice w\ld be satisfi$4 ,y\r nature1 :5 x s9n$ 9 its totality 9 its fir/ se$1 f ^! dignities1 ev5 z f ,p>adise1 0 p>t$2 nor might !y be recov]$1 if ?\ look "r ke5ly1 by any way save pass+ "o or ! o!r ( ^! =ds3 ei!r t ,god1 ( 8 sole c\rtesy1 %\ld h remitt$2 or t man %\ld ( himself h giv5 satisfaction = 8 folly4 ,man _h n p[]1 )9 8 own b\nd>ies1 ev5 to r5d] satisfaction1 s9ce he might n g 9 humbl5ess by aft]-ob$i5ce s deep d[n z 9 disob$i5ce he _h fram$ to exalt himself on high2 & ?is is ! cause :y f ! p[] to r5d] satisfaction by himself man 0 %ut (f4 ,:]e=e ne$s mu/ ,god ) 8 own ways re9/ate man 9 8 unmaim$ life1 ,i mean ) "o way or ) bo? ! two4 ,b because ! do]'s de$ is ! m graci\s ! m x do? pres5t u ( ! he>t's goodness :5ce x issu$1 ! div9e ,goodness :i* do? /amp ! _w1 deign$ to proce$ on all 8 ways to lift y up aga92 nor betwe5 ! la/ night & ! fir/ day 01 nor %all be1 s l(ty & augu/ a progress made on "o or on ! o!r1 = m g5]\s 0 ,god 9 giv+ ( himself to make man able to uplift himself aga91 ?an _h he only ( himself grant$ remission2 & all o!r modes fell %ort ( ju/ice1 except ! ,son ( ,god _h humbl$ him to become fle%4 7,,vii1 #he47 ,f ,m]cury to ,v5us ! asc5t has be5 s rapid t ,dante is unaw>e t he has rea*$ ! ?ird ,heav5 until he sees ! great] lovel9ess ( ,beatrice repres5t$ by h] great] radiance4 ,z asc5t is made heav5w>d x w also be f\nd t ! spirits are se5 n z human faces1 z 0 ! case 9 ! ,heav5 ( ! ,moon1 b z lights increas+ 9 int5sity & manife/+ a movem5t ( great] spe$ to ! accompanim5t ( div]se music4 ,x is necess>y to keep 9 m9d ?is plan ( ! poet le/ ?9k+ ! lovely lights1 & lovely s\nds & lovely movem5ts are only t]ms descriptive ( physical1 ?\gh impalpable ph5om5a1 we lose ! deep & beautiful symbolism t is ! magic secret ( ! s]aphic poesy ( ! ,p>adiso4 ,( ! brilliancy & movem5t ( ! spirits ( ! ,sph]e ( ,v5us--spirits :o 9 ?is life fail$ 9 ,*ri/ian ideals because ( _! am\rs1 ,dante says1 & 8 description is t ( an exp]t musician di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! s++ ( "o :o su/a9s ! ma9-!me & t ( o!r voices ris+ & fall+ 9 subord9ation to ! pr9cipal melody3 ,& z )9 a flame a sp>k is se51 ,& z )9 a voice disc]n$1 ,:5 "o is /eadfa/1 & "o comes & goes1 ,)9 t light beheld ,i o!r lamps ,move 9 a circle1 spe$+ m & less1 ,me?9ks 9 a measure ( _! inw>d vision4 ,f a cold cl\d desc5d$ nev] w9ds1 ,or visible or n1 s rapidly ,!y w\ld n lagg>d & imp$$ seem ,to any "o :o _h ^? lights div9e ,se5 come t[>ds u1 leav+ ! gyration ,begun at fir/ 9 ! high ,s]aphim4 ,& beh9d ^? t mo/ 9 front appe>$ ,s\nd$ ',osanna6' s t nev] s9ce ,to he> aga9 0 ,i )\t desire4 ,!n unto u m ne>ly "o approa*$1 ,& x alone began3 ',we all are ready ,unto ?y pleasure1 t ?\ joy 9 u4 ,we turn ar\nd ) ! cele/ial ,pr9ces1 ,"o gyre & "o gyration & "o ?ir/1 ,to :om ?\ 9 ! _w did/ say1 ,ye :o1 intellig5t1 ! ?ird heav5 are mov+2 ,& are s full ( love1 to pleasure !e ,a little quiet w n be less sweet4' 7,,viii1 #af47 ,! speak] discloses himself to be ,*>les ,m>tel1 once titul> ,k+ ( ,hung>y1 :o on ! occasion ( a n9ete5 days' visit to ,flor5ce1 =m$ an intimate fri5d%ip ) ! poet4 ,= ! latt]'s edification ! _s exp\nds ! problem3 ,:y f ! same p>5ts1 *ildr5 gr[ up diff]5t 9 disposition1 tal5t & c>e]1 a problem j z int]e/+ to ! tw5tie? z ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,we acc\nt = ! diff]5ce accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( v>iation1 h]$ity & environm5t1 b to /ell> influ5ce int5t ^u secur+ ! fulfillm5t ( ! law ( individuality1 0 ! diff]5ce attribut$ by ! m$ieval m9d1 :i* reg>d$ ! />s & planets n z s\lless sph]es1 b z orbs palpitat+ ) ! life ( angelic intellig5ces & radiat+ _! influ5ce ^u ! p ( ! e>?4 ,h5ce x 0 held t ! ,heav5s affect$ ! div]sity ( ! *>act]s ( *ildr5 :o o!rwise w\ld be cut out ! exact patt]n ( _! p>5ts4 ,! begott5 nature w\ld ev] take a c\rse l its begett]s1 did n div9e provision ov]rule4 7,,viii1 #acf47 ,! necessity = div]sity 9 man's life is d$uc$ f ! fact t 9 society m5 are provid5tially de/9$ = diff]5t vocations4 ,:]e=e is "o born ,solon 7a legislator71 ano!r ,x]xes 7a soldi]71 ano!r ,mel*is$e* 7a prie/71 & ! man :o so>+ ?r\gh ! welk9 lo/ 8 son4 7,da$alus1 ! typical me*anician47 ,b /ell> influ5ce always controll$ by man's free w is (t5 ignor$1 especially :5 we put into ! sanctu>y "o :o %\ld be on ! battle field & :5 we gave a ?rone to him ^: "r place is 9 ! pulpit4 ,& if ! _w bel[ w\ld fix its m9d ,on ! f\ndation :i* is laid by nature1 ,pursu+ t1 't w\ld h ! p good4 ,b y into religion wr5* aside ,him :o 0 born to gird him ) ! sword1 ,& make a k+ ( him :o is = s]mons2 ,!re=e y\r foot/eps w&] f ! road4 7,,viii1 #adb47 ,! next f\r sph]es be+ beyond ! e>?'s %ad[ are = spirits ^: virtue 0 undimm$ by human infirmity & ^: place 9 et]nal life is consequ5tly "o ( great] vision & bliss4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! high] sph]es1 ! ,sph]e ( ! ,sun1 ! f\r? ,heav51 ,dante sees ! spirits ( great !ologians & o!rs :o lov$ wisdom--great tea*]s ( m54 ,ar\nd him & ,beatrice1 z _! c5t]1 twelve ( !m appe> 9 "o circle & twelve 9 ano!r1 :ile beh9d ^? dazzl+ spl5dors ( spirits are o!r vivid lights probably repres5t+ au?ors :om ! poet _h n read or compreh5d$ or symboliz+ ! m5 ( sci5ce1 ! lov]s ( wisdom1 :o 9 ! future by _! discov]ies w\ld add to our k ( tru?4 ,z "o ( ! basic tru?s ( ,revelation is ! my/]y ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity1 "h 9 ! ,heav5 ( ! ,doctors ! dogma is made prom95t by special frequ5cy ( ref]5ce & symbolism4 ,! ,creation1 z an act ( ! ,?ree ,div9e ,p]sons1 is m5tion$ 9 l9es ( exquisite grace3 ,look+ into ,8 ,son ) all ! ,love ,:i* ea* ( !m et]nally brea!s =? ,! primal & unutt]able ,p[] ,:ate'er be=e ! m9d or eye revolves ,) s mu* ord] made1 !re c be none ,:o ?us beholds1 )\t enjoy+ x4 7,x1 #a47 ,n only by ?\ght1 b by danc+1 is ! same tru? express$3 ^? burn+ suns r\nd ab\t u :irl$ !mselves ?ree times4 7,x1 #gf47 ,aga9 9 song !y proclaim ! my/]y ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity3 ,! ,"o & ,two & ,?ree :o ev] live? ,& reigne? ev] 9 ,?ree & ,two & ,"o ,n circumscrib$ & all circumscrib+ ,?ree sev]al times 0 *ant$ by ea* "o ,among ^? spirits1 ) su* melody ,t = all m]it x 7 j rew>d4 7,,xiv1 #bg47 ,9 ?is ,heav5 we he> ! eulogy ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi pron\nc$ by a ,dom9ican & ! praises ( ,/4 ,dom9ic sung by a ,franciscan--consummate art t is an indirect invitation to ! two ord]s ( monks ^u e>? to avoid jeal\sy & to practice mutual respect4 ,x has be5 said t ^! n>ratives give u ! ess5ce ( :at con/itutes true biography1 viz41 a picture ( ! spiritual elem5t 9 man drawn 9 su* words z ev] to comm& ! und]/&+ & elicit ! respect ( ! read] ( e p]iod4 ,! fir/ speak] is ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 & 8 ref]5ce to ! my/ical m>riage ( ,/4 ,francis & ,lady ,pov]ty w be ! bett] und]/ood if we h be=e ! m9d's eye ,giotto's pa9t+ :i* hangs ov] ! tomb ( ! f\nd] ( ! ,franciscans4 ,! figures 9 ! pictures are describ$ by ,g>d9] 7,t5 ,heav5s1 p4 #aac73 ,*ri/1 /&+ ^u a rock1 unites ,/4 ,francis to 8 *os5 bride1 :o is hagg>d & c>eworn1 clo!d 9 ragg$ & pat*$ g>m5ts1 b>efoot$ & gird$ ) a cord4 ,roses & lilies spr+ up beh9d h] & encircle h] head2 %e we>s ! aureole & has w+s1 ?\gh weak2 b ?orns & bri>s are ar\nd h] feet4 ,hope & ,love are h] bridesmaids2 ,hope clo!d 9 gre5 ) uplift$ h& & ,love ) flame-color$ fl[]s & hold+ a burn+ he>t4 ,a dog is b>k+ at ! ,bride & boys are assault+ h] ) /icks & /ones1 b all ar\nd are b&s ( angelic witnesses1 _! fl[+ raim5t & mighty w+s gl[+ ) ra9b[ hues4 ,9 ^! days :5 money seems ! ideal ( ?\s&s1 ,pov]ty1 ^: my/ical appeal is s gl[+ly pa9t$1 /ill speaks to great numb]s ( m5 & wom5 :o give up mat]ial com=ts & ease to embrace z monks & nuns ! /ate ( volunt>y pov]ty4 ,let u n[ he> h[ ,/4 ,?omas rec\nts ! life & "w ( ,/4 ,francis ( ,assisi3 ,he 0 n yet mu* di/ant f 8 ris+1 ,:5 8 good influ5ce 'gan to bless ! e>?4 ,a dame1 to :om "o op5e? pleasure's gate ,m ?an to dea?1 0 'ga9/ 8 fa!r's w1 ,8 /ripl+ *oice2 & he did make h] 81 ,be=e ! spiritual c\rt1 by nuptial bonds1 ,& 9 8 fa!r's sight3 f day to day1 ,!n lov$ h] m dev\tly4 ,%e1 b]eav$ ,( h] fir/ husb&1 slight$ & obscure1 ,?\s& & hundr$ ye>s & m1 rema9'd ,)\t a s+le suitor1 till he came4 ,!re concord & glad looks1 wond] & love1 ,& sweet reg>d gave bir? to holy ?\ghts1 ,s mu* t v5]able ,b]n>d fir/ ,did b>e 8 feet1 &1 9 pursuit ( peace ,s heav5ly1 ran1 yet deem'd 8 foot+ sl[4 ,o hidd5 ri*es6 ,o prolific good6 ,egidius b>es him next1 & next ,sylve/]1 ,& foll[1 bo?1 ! bridegroom3 s ! bride ,c please !m4 ,!nce=? goes he on 8 way ,! fa!r & ! ma/]1 ) 8 sp\se1 ,& ) t family1 :om n[ ! cord ,girt humbly3 nor did abjectness ( he>t ,weigh d[n 8 eyelids1 = t he 0 son ,( ,pietro ,b]n>done1 & by m5 ,9 wondr\s sort despis$4 ,b royally ,8 h>d int5tion he to ,innoc5t ,set =?2 &1 f him1 fir/ receiv$ ! seal ,on 8 religion4 ,!n1 :5 num]\s flock'd ,! tribe ( l[ly ones1 t trac$ 8 /eps1 ,^: m>vel\s life des]v$ly 7 sung ,9 heights empyreal2 ?r\gh ,honorius' h& ,a second cr[n1 to deck _! ,gu>dian's virtues1 ,0 by ! et]nal ,_s inwrea!d3 & :5 ,he _h1 ?r\gh ?ir/ ( m>tyrdom1 /ood up ,9 ! pr\d ,soldan's pres5ce1 & !re prea*'d ,*ri/ & 8 foll[]s1 b f\nd ! race ,unrip5'd = conv]sion2 back once m ,he ha/$ 7n to int]mit 8 toil71 ,& reap'd ,ausonian l&s4 ,on ! h>d rock1 ',twixt ,arno & ! ,tib]1 he f ,*ri/ ,took ! la/ signet1 :i* 8 limbs two ye>s ,did c>ry4 ,!n1 ! season come t he1 ,:o to su* good _h de/9$ him1 0 pleas$ ,to advance him to ! me$1 :i* he _h e>n'd ,by 8 self-humbl+2 to 8 bro!rhood1 ,z _! j h]itage1 he gave 9 *>ge ,8 de>e/ lady3 & enjo9'd _! love ,& fai? to h]2 &1 f h] bosom1 w'd ,8 goodly _s %\ld move =?1 return+ ,to its appo9t$ k+dom2 nor w\ld h ,8 body laid ^u ano!r bi]4 7,,xi1 #ee47 ,at ! conclusion ( ?is disc\rse ! spirits 9 bo? circles1 arrang$ l ! conc5tric circles ( a d\ble ra9b[1 express _! joy by a gyrat+ dance & song4 ,if ,/4 ,francis 0 a sun ^u ! _w1 ,/4 ,dom9ic is %[n by ! next speak]1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 to be a spl5dor ( *]ubic delight4 ,9 happy ,call>oga 0 born ! passionate lov] ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 ! holy *ampion1 g5tle to 8 own1 & )\t m]cy to 8 enemies4 ,z soon z 8 s\l _h be5 creat$ x 0 s replete ) en]gy t1 )9 8 "m's womb1 x made h] a prophetess4 ,:5 ! pl$ges = 8 baptism _h be5 giv5 at ! sacr$ font1 & he & ,fai? _h become "o1 d[]+ ea* o!r ) salvation1 ! lady :o _h giv5 ass5t = him1 beheld 9 h] sleep ! wond]ful fruit :i* w\ld "o day come ( him1 & ( 8 heirs4 ,he 0 nam$ ,dom9ic4 ,i speak ( him z ! husb&man :om ,*ri/ *ose to assi/ ,him ) ,8 g>d54 ,( a tru? did he seem ,*ri/'s mess5g] & fri5d1 = ! v fir/ incl9ation :i* he manife/$ 0 to foll[ ! fir/ p]cept :i* ,*ri/ gave4 ,n = ! _w1 love ( :i* at pres5t makes m5 toil1 b = love ( ! true manna1 did he1 9 %ort :ile1 become a mighty tea*]1 su* t he set ab\t prun+ ! v9ey>d ( ! *ur*1 :i* soon runs wild if ! v9$ress] be neglig5t4 ,f ! ,papal *air :i*1 9 =m] days1 0 m g5]\s to ! righte\s poor1 n because x has gr[n deg5]ate 9 itself1 b because ( ! deg5]acy ( him :o sits ^u x1 ,dom9ic begg$ n to be all[$ to disp5se to ! poor only two or ?ree :]e six 0 due1 nor s\ght ! fir/ vacant b5efice1 ! ti!s ( :i* belong to ,god's poor4 ,he begg$ r = leave to fight aga9/ ! err+ _w 9 behalf ( ! se$ ( true fai?1 f\r & tw5ty plants ( :i* encircle y4 ,!n1 arm$ ) doctr9e & firm det]m9ation1 toge!r ) ! sanction ( ! ,papacy1 he issu$ =? l a torr5t f on high1 & on h]etics 8 onslaught smote ) greate/ =ce :]e 0 mo/ resi/ance4 ,aft]w>d1 f him !re bur/ =? v>i\s /reams by :i* ! ,ca?olic g>d5 is wat]$ s t ! plants 9 x are becom+ vigor\s4 7,,xii1 #dh47 ,transport$ into ! ,heav5 ( ,m>s ,dante is made aw>e ( 8 asc5t ?i!r only by ! gl[ ( ! ruddy planet1 s diff]5t f ! :ite %e5 ( ! sun4 ,at once he beholds a spectacle f> m m>vel\s ?an ! circles ( danc+ lights he has j se54 ,x fills him ) su* wond] & bliss t he falls into an ec/asy & only aft] t does he look into ! eyes ( ,beatrice1 n[ m lovely ?an ev]4 ,:at is ! new m>vel8 ,a />ry cross trav]s+ ! sph]e--a cross1 ! arms & body ( :i*1 ea* l a ,milky ,way1 are made up ( dazzl+ lights ( ! s\ls ( ^? :o laid d[n _! lives = ! ,fai?4 ,on ! ,cross is fla%$ ! blood r$ image ( ! ,crucifi$1 likewise =m$ by gl[+ />s1 ! s\ls ( ,*ri/ian w>riors4 ,n /ation>y d ! spl5dors rema91 b ?r\gh ! glitt]+ mass !y d>t to & fro l motes 9 a sunbeam t f9ds its way ?r\gh a %utt] or scre54 ,) eyes amaz$ ! poet n[ he>s su* a wondr\s melody t he says3 ,i 0 s mu* enam\r$ !re) t up to ?is po9t !re _h n be5 any?+ :i* b\nd me ) fett]s ( su* delight4 7,,xiv1 #abh47 ,! names ( "s ( ! spirits =m+ ! ,/ell> ,cross are made kn[n to ! poet--,jo%ua & ,judas ,maccabaeus1 ! intrepid h]oes ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! ,*ri/ian ,knights1 ,*>lemagne & ,orl&o ! ,palad91 ,william ( ,aquita9e & ,ra9\>t1 ,godfrey de ,b\illon1 conqu]or ( ,j]usalem1 ,rob]t ,guisc>d1 milit>y executor ( ,pope ,hildebr&e4 ,d>t+ along ! arm ( ! ,/ell> ,cross & com+ to its foot is a spl5dor :o greets ,dante ) w>m affection4 ,?is is ! _s ( 8 great-great-gr&fa!r1 ,cacciaguida1 :o s+s ! glory ( anci5t ,flor5ce ! bett] to describe ! det]ioration ( ! city 9 ,dante's day & to c5sure its p = _! civil feuds1 corruption & opposition to ! ,imp]ial ,eagle4 ,!n at ,dante's reque/ ! crusad] _s int]prets = 8 desc5dant ! v>i\s pr$ictions made to ! latt] dur+ 8 passage ?r\gh ,hell & ,purgatory4 ,evil days w come ^u him 7x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is prophecy by ,cacciaguida is suppos$ to occur a ye> or two be=e ,dante's exile71 he w be exil$ f ,flor5ce & w become a homeless w&]]4 ,let him1 h[ev]1 write 8 poem & decl>e 8 vision1 no matt] if (f5se w be tak5 by ! high ones ( ! e>?4 ,he1 hav+ a prophet's "w to d1 mu/ speak ) all ! boldness ( a prophet )\t fe> or dissimulation4 ,! words1 :ile assur+ ! poet ( ! sweetness ( ev]la/+ fame1 br+ to 8 m9d1 also1 ! bitt]ness ( ! inju/ice ( 8 exile & suff]+1 & app>5tly he h>bors ! ?\ght ( v5geance ^u 8 enemies4 ,beatrice1 h[ev]1 *ecks 8 res5tm5t1 assur+ him t %e1 s ne> to ,god1 w assi/ him--a mo/ beautiful passage %[+ ! relations betwe5 h] & ! poet1 :e!r ! words are tak5 lit]ally z exhibit+ h] z 8 int]cessor be=e ! ?rone ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 or allegorically consid]$ z decl>+ t ,reveal$ ,tru? takes f man ! desire ( v5geance & places 8 case 9 ! h&s ( ,him :o has said3 ,v5geance is m9e1 ,i w repay4 ,= ,dante's spiritual p]fection 8 lovely guide bids him n simply look into h] h] eyes 7allegorically mean+ n m]ely to contemplate !ological tru?7 b foll[ ! example ( m5 /urdy ( fai? & valiant ( de$4 ,! passage "h foll[s3 ,n[ 0 alone rejoic+ 9 its ^w ,t s\l beatifi$1 & ,i 0 ta/+ ,my own1 ! bitt] temp]+ ) ! sweet1 ,& ! ,lady :o to ,god 0 lead+ me ,said3 ',*ange ?y ?\ght2 consid] t ,i am ,ne> unto ,him :o e wrong disburd5s4' ,unto ! lov+ acc5ts ( my com=t ,i turn$ me r\nd1 & !n :at love ,i saw ,)9 ^? holy eyes ,i "h rel9qui% ,n only t my language ,i di/ru/1 ,b t my m9d _c return s f> ,above itself1 unless ano!r guide x4 ,?us mu* ^u t po9t c ,i repeat4 ,t1 h] aga9 behold+1 my affection ,f e o!r long+ 0 releas$4 ,:ile ! et]nal pleasure1 :i* direct ,ray$ ^u ,beatrice1 f h] fair face ,cont5t$ me ) its reflect$ aspect1 ,conqu]+ me ) ! radiance ( a smile ,%e said to me1 ',turn !e ab\t & li/52 ,n 9 m9e eyes alone is ,p>adise4 ,"h are bless$ spirits t bel[1 ere yet ,!y came to ,heav51 7 ( su* great r5[n ,t e ,muse !re) w\ld afflu5t be ,!re=e look ?\ ^u ! cross' horns4' 7,,xviii1 #d47 ,n[ ris+ to ,jupit]1 :]e appe> ! spirits ( ^? :o ^u e>? 9 a signal mann] lov$ & rightly adm9i/]$ ju/ice1 ,dante is aga9 made aw>e ( 8 uplift+ by ! increas$ beauty ( ,beatrice1 by ! new light diff]5t f t ( ruddy ,m>s1 :i* envelopes him & by ! p]ception ( 8 own increase ( virtue & p[]4 ,"h ! poet has rec\rse to a mo/ +5i\s sy/em ( symbols to give v>iety to 8 descriptions & doctr9e1 & s to su/a9 ! int]e/ ( ! read]4 ,_m hundr$s ( ! s\ls ( ! j appe> z gold5 lights & s gr\p !mselves z to spell aga9/ ! gl[+ :ite backgr\nd ( ! light ( ! planet1 ! maxim f ! ,book ( ,wisdom3 ,diligite ju/itiam qui judicatis t]ram 7,love ju/ice ye :o judge ! e>?47 ,!n fade away all ! lett]s except ! la/ "o1 ! ,m ( t]ram1 ,m1 symbol ( ,mon>*y1 & t ,m /&s out 9 g5]al outl9e some:at l ! ,flor5t9e lily1 ! armorial sign ( ,flor5ce4 ,& n[ o!r gold5 lights come f ! ,empyrean & trans=m ! ,m into ! figure ( an eagle1 ! bird ( ,jove1 ) out/ret*$ w+s4 ,b ! m>vel is only p>tly reveal$1 = soon ! ,eagle speaks & its voice1 ?\gh made up ( a ?\s& voices ( ! ,j1 comes =? a s+le s\nd1 l a s+le heat t comes f _m br&s or ! "o odor t is exhal$ f _m fl[]s4 ,:at a />tl+ spectacle x mu/ h be5 to ! m9d ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 us$ to c&les z ! ord9>y means ( illum9ation1 to h visualiz$ be=e x ! bless$ spirits 9 ! light ( ,heav51 danc+1 :irl+1 circl+ 9 p]fect h>mony & mak+ m =mal designs to express _! bliss by ! rapidity ( _! rhy?mical movem5ts6 ,ev5 ?\gh exquisitely qua9t z ! picture may appe> to u1 x has be5 execut$ s rev]5tly t criticism has r>ely if ev] attack$ ?is conception ( our poet4 ,) light z 8 pr9cipal mat]ial to make kn[n to u ! joys ( ,heav51 he has to pa9t ev]y?+ 9 high light1 us+ no %ad[s & he solves 8 arti/ic problem by ! v>iety ( 8 spl5dors & by ! deep symbolism ( _! action4 ,8 n9e ,heav5s are n meant to be a picture true to reality ( :at ! ,s\ls 9 ,heav5 are do+4 ,^! n9e ,heav5s1 z we said be=e1 are only my?s to :i* f ! ,empyrean come =? ! ,elect 9 condesc5sion to ,dante's s5se-b\nd faculties1 9 ord] to symbolize c]ta9 tru?s4 ,s 9 ?is six? sph]e ! poet w\ld tea* u t ! ,heav5 ( ,jupit] repres5ts ju/ice on e>? & on ! scre5 ( ?is sph]e he w\ld put =? by means ( ! ,imp]ial ,eagle ! argum5ts he has already advanc$ 9 8 ,mon>*ia t ! ,roman ,empire is div9e 9 its orig9--t only f su* an in/itution c human ju/ice proce$ f civil gov]nm5t4 ,he repres5ts unity com+ f ! ,roman ,empire by 8 %[+ to u ! unison ) :i* all ! spl5dors ( ! ,eagle speak 9 a voice bl5d$ z "o s\nd--cle>ly also an allegory = ! ,guelf =ces to become an integral "p ( ! ,univ]sal ,mon>*y4 ,ju/ice is ! quality :i* ?is ,heav5 symbolizes & ! ,eagle reads 9 ,dante's m9d a d\bt aga9/ ! op]ation ( ju/ice & proce$s to dispel x4 ,= said/ ?\3 ',born a man is on ! %ore ,( ,indus1 & is none :o !re c speak ,( ,*ri/1 nor :o c read1 nor :o c write2 ,& all 8 incl9ations & 8 actions ,are good1 s f> z human reason sees1 ,)\t a s9 9 life or 9 disc\rse3 ,he die? unbaptiz$ & )\t fai?2 ,:]e is ?is ju/ice t condemne? him8 ,:]e is 8 fault1 if he d n believe8' 7,,xix1 #gj47 ,! "q is answ]$ bo? directly & indirectly4 ,! exclusion ( ! virtu\s pagan f ,heav5 is assum$ to be an act ( inju/ice b :o art ?\ :o w\ld/ set ^u ! seat to judge at a ?\s& miles away ) ! %ort sight t c>ries b a span8 7,,xix1 #gi47 ,z our v idea ( ju/ice comes f ,god all j & all wise1 t ?\ght ought to assure u t n ev5 ! virtu\s hea!n w be exclud$ f ,heav54 ,fai? inde$ is requir$ = salvation1 b _m hav+ fai? w be condemn$1 :ile _m seem+ly )\t x w be admitt$ into ,heav54 ,b look ?\1 _m cry+ are1 ',*ri/1 ,*ri/'6 ,:o at ! judgm5t w be f> less ne> ,to him ?an "s %all be :o knew n ,*ri/4 ,su* ,*ri/ians %all ! ,e?iop condemn ,:5 ! two companies %all be divid$1 ,! "o =ev] ri*1 ! o!r poor4 7,,xix1 #ajf47 ,! indirect answ] to ,dante's objection z to ! exclusion ( ! virtu\s hea!n f ,heav5 is giv5 by ! poet speak+ ?r\gh ! beak ( ! ,eagle & %[+ 9 ?is ,heav5 z "o ( ! lights ( ! ,eagle itself1 ! s\l ( ,rhipeus m5tion$ by neas z above all o!rs ! mo/ j among ! ,trojans & ! /ricte/ obs]v] ( "r4 ,s n[1 says ,b5v5uto1 ! f\rte5? c5tury lectur] on ,dante1 our au?or fitly introduces a pagan infidel 9 ! p]son ( ,rhipeus1 ( ^: salvation !re w\ld seem ! v slighte/ *ance ( all2 by reason ( ! "t1 s _m c5turies be=e ! adv5t ( ,*ri/2 by reason ( ! place1 = he 0 ( ,troy :]e exce$+ pride 0 !n p>am\nt2 by reason ( ! sect1 = he 0 a pagan & g5tile1 n a ,jew4 ,briefly !n our au?or wi%es u to ga!r f ?is fiction--?is conclusion1--t ev5 su* a pagan ( ^: salvation no "o hop$1 is capable ( salvation4 ,9 ! ,heav5 ( ,saturn1 ,beatrice tells ! poet t %e does n smile out ( reg>d = 8 human vision n p[]ful en\gh to su/a9 h] excess ( beauty4 ,! lovely symphonies ( ,p>adise are also sil5t = ! same reason4 ,?is 9 effect is a poetical way ( say+ t ! bliss & glory 9 ,saturn are great] ?an any beatitude 9 ! l[] sph]es4 ,?is sev5? ,heav5 is ! ,heav5 :]e appe> sa9ts di/+ui%$ = contemplation1 ! pr9ciple repres5tatives be+ ,/4 ,pet] ,damian & ,/4 ,b5$ict4 ,! latt] wrote a treatise 9 :i* he lik5$ ! rule ( 8 ord] to a ladd] hav+ twelve rungs by means ( :i* ! my/ic might m\nt to ,heav54 ,! second rung 9 t ladd] is sil5ce4 ,if ,dante 0 famili> ) ! ,b5$ict9e treatise1 ! significance ( sil5ce 9 ,saturn is at once sugge/$4 ,! figure ( a ladd] is a v common "o 9 my/ical !ology1 :i* borr[s ! conception f ! exp]i5ce ( ,jacob 7,g54 ,,xxviii1 #ab74 ,& he saw 9 8 sleep a ladd] /&+ ^u ! e>? & ! top !re( t\*+ heav51 ! angels also ( ,god asc5d+ & desc5d+4 ,to symbolize ! tru? t ,heav5 is to be rea*$ ?r\gh ! ,*ur* by means ( ! contemplation ( et]nal ?+s ,dante n[ %[s u ! ,gold5 ,ladd]1 d[n :i* gleam s _m radiant spirits t x seems z if all ! />s ( ,heav5 are approa*+4 ,color$ l gold1 on :i* ! sun%9e gleams1 ,a /airway ,i beheld to su* a height ,uplift$1 t m9e eye pursu$ x n4 ,likewise beheld ,i d[n ! /eps desc5d+ ,s _m spl5dors1 t ,i ?\ght ea* light ,t 9 ! heav5 appe>s 0 !re diffus$4 7,,xxi1 #bh47 ,9 ! ,heav5 ( ! ,fix$ ,/>s ! triumph ( ,*ri/ gladd5s ! wond]+ eyes ( ! poet3 ,behold ! ho/s ( ,*ri/'s triumphal m>* & all ! fruit h>ve/$ by ! roll+ ( ^! sph]es4 ,at ^! words ( ,beatrice ,dante turns & beholds all ! sa9ts se5 9 ! o!r sph]es & _m o!r spirits ga!r$ r\nd ! ,god-man to praise ,him = ! ,r$emption & ,atonem5t4 ,*ri/ "h reveals ,himself 9 ! =m ( a gorge\s ,sun surr\nd$ by ^? c\ntless spirits1 appe>+ z lights or fl[]s4 ,app>5tly ! poet gets j a mom5t>y glimpse ( ! glorifi$ humanity ( ! ,savi\r4 ,! direct rays ( ! div9e spl5dor _c long be endur$1 s1 9 condesc5sion to ,dante's weakness ( vision1 a cl\dy scre5 p]mits ! poet to su/a9 ! ,vision n[ irradiat+ its light on ! liv+1 spiritual fl[]s4 ,saw ,i1 above ! myriad ( lamps1 ,a sun t "o & all ( !m enk9dl$1 ,e'en z our own do? ! sup]nal sights1 ,& ?r\gh ! liv+ light transp>5t %one ,! luc5t sub/ance s int5sely cle> ,into my sight1 t ,i su/a9$ x n4 ',o ,beatrice1 ?\ g5tle guide & de>6' ,to me %e said3 ',:at ov]ma/]s !e ,a virtue is f :i* naught %ields itself4 ,!re are ! wisdom & ! omnipot5ce ,t ope ! ?or\ghf>es 'twixt heav5 & e>? ,= :i* !re er/ _h be5 s long a ye>n+4' 7,,xxiii1 #bh47 ,aft] ,*ri/ )draws to ! ,empyrean ! poet f9ds t he has be5 s mu* /r5g!n$ & enlight5$ by ! ,vision t increas$ p[] ( sight is giv5 to him aga9 to behold ! smile ( 8 guide4 ,%e says to him3 ,op5 ?9e eyes & look at :at ,i am ,?\ has beheld su* ?+s1 t /rong en\gh ,ha/ ?\ become to tol]ate my smile4 7,,xxiii1 #df47 ,he cont9ues 9 ec/asy to gaze ^u h] surpass+ beauty until %e bids him look ^u ! mead[ ( fl[]s1 ! angels & sa9ts3 ,:y do? my face s mu* enamor !e1 ,t to ! g>d5 fair ?\ turne/ n1 ,:i* "u ! rays ( ,*ri/ is blossom+8 ,!re is ! ,rose 9 :i* ! ,^w ,div9e ,became inc>nate2 !re ! lilies are ,by ^: p]fume ! good way 0 discov]$4 7,,xxiii1 #gj47 ,! lilies are ! apo/les1 ! ,rose ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,m>y1 says ,c>d9al ,newman1 is ! mo/ beautiful fl[] t ev] 0 se5 9 ! spiritual _w4 ,%e is ! ,que5 ( spiritual fl[]s & !re=e %e is call$ ,rose1 = ! rose is fitly call$ ( all fl[]s t mo/ beautiful4 ,dante says3 ,! "n ( ! fair fl[] t ,i e'er invoke morn+ & night utt]ly en?rall$ my s\l to gaze ^u ! great] fire4 ,n[ ) joy ! poet sees ! coronation by ! spirits ( ,m>y1 ,my/ical ,rose1 & !n 8 eyes foll[ h] z %e m\nts to ! ,empyrean 9 ! wake ( h] div9e ,son :ile ! gleam+ sa9ts s+ h] praises 9 ! ,reg9a ,coeli4 ,! eight ,heav5s ?r\gh :i* ! poet has come1 h be5 s _m /ages ( prep>ation = ! f9al vision ( ,p>adise4 ,8 eyes h be5 gradually ga9+ /r5g? by gaz+ ^u miracles ( light & beauty & by see+ tru? embodi$ 9 _m repres5tative =ms to fit him f9ally to see ,god 9 ,8 ,ess5ce4 ,be=e t consummation1 h[ev]1 "o m prep>atory vision is necess>y4 ,! poet mu/ fir/ see ! symbolic image ( ,god4 ,:at6 y may exclaim1 w ,dante be audaci\s en\gh to attempt to picture ! ,invisible ,himself8 ,grant$ t 'he is all w+s & pure imag9ation' c he hope to image ! ,incompreh5sible ,be+ ':o only ha? immortality & inhabite? light inaccessible1 :om no man ha? se5 nor c see8' 7,i ,tim4 ,,vi1 #af74 ,w he n defeat 8 purpose by employ+ a symbol circumscrib+ ,him :o is beyond circumscription8 ,b ! g5ius ( ,dante does n fail him 9 8 d>+ und]tak+1 & ?is is ! m rem>kable because in/ead ( select+ z a symbol some?+ inf9itely l>ge1 he *oses some?+ atomically small4 ,9 ! n9? ,heav5 surr\nd$ by ! n9e ord]s ( pure spirits ,god is repres5t$ z an indivisible atomic ,po9t radiat+ light & symboliz+ ! unity ( ! ,div9ity z a fitt+ prelude to ! m intimate vision ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity :i* w be v\*saf$ 9 ! ,empyrean4 ,a ,po9t ,i saw t d>t$ light s %>p no lid unclos+ may be> up aga9/ its ke5ness4 ,on t ,po9t dep5d ! heav5s & ! :ole ( nature 7,,xxxviii1 #af74 ,on ! appropriat5ess ( ?is symbol ,ozanam makes ?is int]e/+ comm5t3 ,god reveals ,himself z necess>ily indivisible & consequ5tly incapable ( hav+ ascrib$ to ,him ! ab/raction ( quantity & quality by :i* we "k creatures3 indef9able1 because e def9ition is an analysis :i* decomposes ! subject def9$2 incomp>able because !re are no t]ms to in/itute a comp>ison2 s t "o may say1 giv+ ! words an oblique mean+1 t ,he is inf9itely little1 t ,he is no?+4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 t :i* is )\t ext5sion1 moves )\t resi/ance2 t :i* is n to be grasp$1 _c be conta9$2 t :i* c be enclos$ )9 no limits1 ei!r actual or logical is by t v fact limitless4 ,! inf9itely little is !n also ! inf9itely great & we may say t x is all4 ,! indivisible atomic ,po9t ( int5se/ light z a symbol ( ,god is inde$ a sublime conception ( fai? & g5ius t appeals equally to ! *ild1 ! philosoph] & ! my/ic4 ,! supreme ?+ /ill necess>y = ! consummation ( ,dante's pilgrimage is ! ,beatific ,vision ( ,god4 ,t occurs 9 ! ,empyrean :]e symbol gives way to reality1 :]e ! ,elect are se5 no long] 9 =ms veil$ 9 light b 9 ! glorifi$ semblance ( _! e>?ly bodies1 :]e contemplation gives direct vision ( ,god 9 ,8 ess5ce4 ,h[ w ! poet1 :ile /ill 9 ! fle%1 endure ?is vision ( ! ,inf9ite1 ,incompreh5sible ,et]nal ,god8 ,prep>$ z he has be5 by ! exp]i5ces ( ! n9e ,heav5s1 he has /ill fur!r ne$ ( sup]natural assi/ance4 ,t is n[ giv5 to him by means ( a fla% wrapp+ him 9 a g>m5t ( light1 :i* bl9ds him & !n illum9ates 8 sight & intellect & enables him to see a m complete =e%ad[+ ( tru? dissolv+ into ,div9e ,wisdom4 ,! spectacle he n[ beholds1 p]haps sugge/$ to ! poet by ! passage f ! ,apocalypse 7,,xxii1 #a74 ,& he %[$ me a riv] ( wat] ( life1 cle> z cry/al proce$+ f ! ?rone ( ,god & ( ! ,lamb1--! spectacle :i* n[ pres5ts itself is t ( a riv] ( light fl[+ betwe5 two banks ( fl[]s & vivid ) d>t+ sp>ks4 ,! riv] repres5ts illum9at+ grace1 ! sp>ks angels1 ! fl[]s sa9ts4 ,?is riv] ( light :]e9 are reflect$ ! ,elect1 z v]dure & fl[]s on a hillside are mirror$ 9 a limpid /ream at its foot1 is poetically repres5t$ z hav+ ! effect ( a sacram5t4 ,x be/[s grace & t grace call$ lum5 gloriae1 light ( glory1 end[+ ! s\l ) a faculty beyond its natural ne$s or m]its1 s disposes ! s\l t x becomes dei=m & is r5d]$ capable ( imm$iate intuition ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce4 ,!re is a light above1 :i* visible ,makes ! ,creator unto e creature ,:o only 9 behold+ ,him1 has peace4 7,,xxx1 #ajj47 ,beatrice tells ,dante t he mu/ dr9k 8 fill ( ! /up5d\s spl5dor by gaz+ int5tly on ! riv] ( pure light1 s t he may be able to contemplate ! :ole unveil$ glory & !n see ,god directly4 ,z ,dante gazes on ! illum9at+ /ream x und]goes a m>vel\s trans=mation1 tak+ ! =m ( a ,rose ! c5t] ( :i* is a sea ( radiance4 ,& ev5 z ! p5?\se ( m9e eyelids ,drank ( x1 x =?) appe>$ to me ,out ( its l5g? to be trans=m$ to r\nd4 ,!n z a folk :o h be5 "u masks ,seem o!r ?an be=e1 if !y dive/ ,! semblance n _! own !y disappe>$ 91 ,?us into great] pomp 7 *ang$ = me ,! fl[]ets & ! sp>ks1 s t ,i saw ,bo? ( ! ,c\rts ( ,heav5 made manife/4 7,,xxx1 #hg47 ,! two c\rts ( ,heav51 angels & sa9ts1 are made manife/ 9 ! ,rose :i* spreads out l a va/ amphi!atre ! l[e/ circle ( :i* is wid] ?an ! circumf]5ce ( ! sun4 ,above ! c5t] ( ! ,rose z ! ,po9t ( light1 is ,god 9 all ,8 glory & love1 ador$ 9 blissful raptures by ! sa9ts :o =m ! petals ( ! heav5ly fl[]4 ,angels ) faces aflame1 9 :ite g>m5ts & ) gold5 w+s fly d[n to ! petals z bees to fl[]s1 br++ ,god's bless+s to ! sa9ts & fly back to ,god z bees to _! hive1 c>ry+ ! adoration ( ! ,elect4 ,beatrice leads ! poet into ! c5t] ( ! ,heav5ly ,rose4 ,into ! yell[ ( ! ,rose ,et]nal ,t spreads1 & multiplies1 & brea!s an odor ,( praise unto ! ev]-v]nal ,sun1 ,z "o :o sil5t is & fa9 w\ld speak1 ,me ,beatrice drew on1 & said3 ',behold ,( ! :ite /oles h[ va/ ! conv5t is6 ,behold h[ va/ ! circuit ( our city6 ,behold our seats s fill$ to ov]fl[+1 ,t "h h5ce=w>d are few p want+6' 7,,xxx1 #abd47 ,:ile ,dante gazes on ! sup]natural spectacle ,beatrice slips away to take h] place ! ?ird seat bel[ ! ?rone ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,z 8 guide %e has l$ him to ! highe/ ,heav5 & has in/ruct$ him 9 all t conc]ns ,god & ,8 attributes4 ,h] mission z ,revelation or ,div9e ,sci5ce be+ f9i%$1 %e )draws & s5ds ,/4 ,b]n>d to br+ ! poet into intimate union ) ! ,godhead4 ,! g5]al =m ( ,p>adise already ,my glance _h compreh5d$ z a :ole1 ,9 no "p hi!rto rema9+ fix$1 ,& r\nd ,i turn$ me ) rek9dl$ wi% ,my lady to int]rogate ( ?+s ,conc]n+ :i* my m9d 0 9 susp5se4 ,"o ?+ ,i meant1 ano!r answ]$ me2 ,i ?\ght ,i %\ld see ,beatrice1 & saw ,an ,old ,man habit$ l ! glori\s p4 ,o'er fl[+ 0 he 9 8 eyes & *eeks ,) joy b5ign1 9 attitude ( pity ,z to a t5d] fa!r is becom+4 ,& ',%e1 :]e is %e8' in/antly ,i said2 ,:5ce he3 ',to put an end to ?y desire1 ,me ,beatrice ha? s5t f m9e own place4 ,& if ?\ looke/ up to ! ?ird r\nd ,( ! fir/ rank1 aga9 %alt ?\ behold h] ,^u ! ?rone h] m]its h assign$ h]4' ,)\t reply ,i lift$ up m9e eyes1 ,& saw h]1 z %e made h]self a cr[n ,reflect+ f h]self ! et]nal rays4 ,n f t region :i* ! highe/ ?und]s ,is any mortal eye s f> remov$1 ,9 :atsoev] sea x deepe/ s9ks1 ,z !re f ,beatrice my sight2 b ?is ,0 no?+ unto me2 because h] image ,desc5d$ n to me by m$ium blurr$4 7,,xxxi1 #eb47 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ! my/ic1 celebrat+ ! ,bless$ ,virg9's praises 9 a m>vel\s outbur/ ( song1 unsurpass$ = lyrical beauty1 besee*es h] int]cession t ,dante may see ,god face to face4 ,n[ do? ?is man1 :o f ! l[e/ dep? ,( ! univ]se z f> z "h has se5 ,"o aft] "o ! spiritual lives1 ,supplicate !e ?r\gh grace = s mu* p[] ,t ) 8 eyes he may uplift himself ,high] t[>ds ! utt]mo/ salvation4 ,& ,i1 :o nev] burn$ = my own see+ ,m ?an ,i d = 81 all ( my pray]s ,pr(f] to !e1 & pray !y come n %ort1 ,t ?\ w\ld/ scatt] f him e cl\d ,( 8 mortality s ) ?y pray]s1 ,t ! ,*ief ,pleasure be to him display$4 ,/ill f>!r d ,i pray !e1 ,que51 :o can/ ,:ate'er ?\ wilt1 t s\nd ?\ may/ pres]ve ,aft] s great a vision 8 affections4 ,let ?y protection conqu] human movem5ts2 ,see ,beatrice & all ! bless$ ones ,my pray]s to second clasp _! h&s to !e6 ,! eyes belov$ & rev]$ ( ,god1 ,fa/5$ ^u ! speak]1 %[$ to u ,h[ grateful unto h] are pray]s dev\t2 ,!n unto ! ,et]nal ,light !y turn$1 ,on :i* x is n cr$ible c\ld be ,by any creature b5t an eye s cle>4 7,,xxxiii1 #bb47 ,! pray] is grant$4 ,my vision becom+ undimm$1 m & m ent]$ ! beam ( light :i* 9 itself is ,tru?4 7,,xxxiii1 #eb47 ,! veil is remov$4 ,he gazes into ! limitless dep?s ( ! ,div9ity4 ,he enjoys ! ,beatific ,vision4 ,fir/ he sees by imm$iate intuition ! ,div9e ,ess5ce 9 its creative p[]1 ! exampl> ( all sub/ances1 modes & accid5ts unit$ 9 h>mony & love2 !n he beholds ! ,creator ,himself & all ! div9e p]fections & all ! et]nal plans ( ,god4 ,cle> to ! poet n[ is ! tru? ( ! my/]y ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity unveil$ 9 circles ( light l ra9b[s ( gre51 :ite & r$ ( equal circumf]5ce1 ! ,second be+ z x 7 ! spl5dor ( ! ,fir/ & ! ,?ird emanat+ f ! two o!rs4 ,unravell$ also is ! my/]y ( ! two natures human & div9e1 9 ! div9e p]son ( ,*ri/ se5 9 human =m 9 ! second lum9\s circle4 ,b ! ,vision is s f> above ! poet's memory to reta9 or 8 spee* to express t he _c f9d words to make intelligible ! spl5dor he beholds or ! rapture he exp]i5ces4 ,oh grace ab\nd+1 :]e9 ,i presum$ to fix my look on ! et]nal light s long t ,i consum$ my sight !reon6 ,)9 its dep?s ,i saw +a!r$1 b\nd by love 9 "o volume1 ! scatt]$ leaves ( all ! univ]se2 sub/ance & accid5ts & _! relations1 z ?\gh toge!r fus$1 aft] su* fa%ion t :at ,i tell ( is "o simple flame4 ,9 ! pr(\nd & %9+ be+ ( ! deep light appe>$ to me ?ree circles1 ( ?ree col\rs & "o magnitude2 "o by ! second z ,iris by ,iris seem$ reflect$1 & ! ?ird seem$ a fire brea!d equally f "o & f ! o!r4 ,oh1 b h[ scant ! utt]ance1 & h[ fa9t1 to my conceit6 & x1 to :at ,i saw1 is su* t x suffice? n to call x little4 ,o light et]nal :o only 9 ?yself abide/1 only ?yself do/ und]/&1 & to ?yself1 self-und]/ood1 self-und]/&+1 turne/ love & smil+6 ,t circl+ :i* appe>$ 9 !e to be conceiv$ z a reflect$ light1 by m9e eyes scann$ "s little1 9 itself1 ( its own col\r1 seem$ to be pa9t$ ) our effigy1 & !reat my sight 0 all committ$ to x4 ,to ! high fantasy "h p[] fail$2 b already my desire & w 7 roll$--ev5 z a :eel t move? equally--by ! ,love t moves ! sun & ! o!r />s4 7,,xxxiii1 #hb47