,archive_/,children's ,library7 ,illustration3 ,,cover ,,national ,,series ,,parker',s ,,second ,,reader ,,sold ,,by ,,booksellers ,,generally ,,throughout ,,the ,,united ,,states4 ,illustration ,,parker',s ,,second ,,reader4 ,,national ,,series ,,of ,,selections ,,for ,,reading2 ,,adapted ,,to ,,the ,,standing ,,of ,,the ,,pupil4 ,,by ,,richard ,g4 ,,parker1 ,a4,m4 ,,principal ,,of ,,the ,,north ,,johnson ,,school1 ,,boston2 ,,author ,,of ,,aids ,,to ,,english ,,composition1 ,,outlines ,,of ,,general ,,history1 ,,the ,,school ,,compend ,,of ,,natural ,,philosophy1 ,,etc4 ,,part ,,second4 ,,designed ,,for ,,the ,,younger ,,classes ,,in ,,schools1 ,,academies1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,understandest thou what thou readest8--,,acts #f3cj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,a4,s4 ,,barnes ,,burr1 #ea #ec ,,john ,,street4 ,,sold ,,by ,,booksellers1 ,,generally1 ,,throughout ,,the ,,united ,,states4 ,entered according to ,act of ,congress1 in the year ,eighteen ,hundred and ,fifty-one1 ,,by ,a4,s4 ,,barnes ,,co41 ,in the ,clerk's ,office of the ,district ,court of the ,southern ,district of ,new ,york4 ,,stereotyped ,,by ,,hobart ,,robbins2 ,,new ,,england ,,type ,,and ,,stereotype ,,foundry1 ,,boston ,,preface4 ,in the preparation of this volume1 ,i have kept fresh in my recollection the immature state of the minds which ,i have endeavored to enlighten2 and while it has been my aim to present such a succession of reading lessons as are suitable for the younger classes in our common schools and academies1 ,i have not forgotten that the first step to be taken1 in making good readers1 is to open the understanding wide enough to afford a sufficient entrance for the ideas which are to be communicated by reading4 ,words are but sounds1 by which ideas should be conveyed2 and written language is of little use1 if it convey but sound alone4 ,great pains have therefore been taken to exclude from this volume what the young scholar cannot understand1 while1 at the same time1 it has been the aim of the author to avoid a puerile style1 by which the early intellect is kept down1 and its exertions are repressed4 ,in every step and stage of its progress1 the maxim ,excelsior should be the aim of the youthful mind2 and the hand of the teacher should be extended1 not to lift it up1 but only to assist it in its endeavors to raise itself4 ,all of the labor must not be done by the teacher1 nor by books4 ,they are of use only in exciting the mind to act for itself4 ,they may1 indeed1 act as pioneers1 but the pupil must not be carried in their arms2 he must perform the march himself4 ,and herein lies the great difficulty of the teacher's task3 on the one hand1 to avoid the evil of leaving too little to be done by the scholar2 and1 on the other1 to be careful that he be not required to do too much4 ,real difficulties should be lightened1 but some labor should be permitted to remain4 ,to make such labor attractive1 and easily endured without discouragement1 is the task which best shows the tact and skill of the teacher4 ,if this volume be found useful in aiding the teacher1 by doing all that should be required from the book1 the design of the author will be accomplished4 ,r4,g4,p4 ,kneeland ,place1 ,may1 #ahea4 ,,contents4 ,the ,poetical ,extracts are designated by ,italic ,letters ,lesson ,page ,preface v #a4 ,the ,author's ,address to the ,pupil #i #b4 ,same subject1 continued #ac #c4 #ag #d4 ,the ,discontented ,pendulum1 ,jane ,taylor #ai #e4 ,address of the ,author to the ,pupil1 continued #bc #f4 concluded #bf #g4 ,how to find out the ,meaning of ,words1 ,original #bi #h4 ,same subject1 continued #ca #i4 concluded #cd #aj4 ,words #ch #aa4 ,definitions #db #ab4 ,reading and ,spelling #dh #ac4 ,importance of ,learning to ,spell1 ,original ,version #ea #ad4 ,demosthenes1 ,original #ec #ae4 ,hard ,words1 #eg #af4 ,fire3 a ,conversation1 #fc #ag4 ,same subject1 continued #fg #ah4 concluded #gc #ai4 ,the ,lark and her ,young ,ones1 ,altered from sop #gi #bj4 ,dogs1 ,original #hb #ba4 ,same subject1 concluded #he #bb4 ,frogs and ,toads1 ,bigland #hg #bc4 ,maida1 the ,scotch ,greyhound1 ,altered from ,bigland #ij #bd4 ,gelert1 #id #be4 ,knock again ,child's ,companion #if #bf4 ,same subject1 continued1 #ih #bg4 concluded1 #ajj #bh4 ,make ,good ,use of ,time1 ,emma ,c4 ,embury #ajb #bi4 ,same subject1 continued1 #ajg #cj4 concluded1 #aaa #ca4 ,verse1 or ,poetry1 ,original #aaf #cb4 ,a ,morning ,hymn1 ,anonymous #aba #cc4 ,evening ,hymn1 #abb #cd4 ,the ,gardener and the ,hog1 ,gay #abc #ce4 ,the ,hare and many ,friends1 #abe #cf4 ,maxims1 ,selected #abh #cg4 ,how to be ,happy1 ,child at ,home #abi #ch4 ,obedience and ,disobedience1 ,child's ,companion #acc #ci4 ,obstinacy1 ,lessons without ,books #aci #dj4 ,king ,edward and his ,bible1 ,l4,h4 ,sigourney #add #da4 ,what does it ,mean to be ,tempted8 ,rose-bud #adg #db4 ,same subject1 continued1 #aea #dc4 #aed #dd4 concluded1 #aeg #de4 ,mary ,dow1 ,h4,f4 ,gould #afc #df4 ,it ,snows1 #afe #dg4 ,the ,dissatisfied ,angler ,boy1 #aff #dh4 ,the ,violet3 a ,fable1 ,children's ,magazine #afh #di4 ,captain ,john ,smith1 ,juvenile ,miscellany #agj #ej4 ,same subject1 continued1 #agc #ea #agf #eb4 concluded1 #agi #ec4 ,john ,ledyard1 #ahj #ed4 ,same subject1 concluded1 #ahc #ee4 ,learning to ,work1 ,original #ahe #ef4 ,same subject1 continued1 ,abbott #ahg #eg4 concluded1 #ahi #eh4 ,the ,comma1 ,parker's ,rhetorical ,reader #aic #ei4 ,the ,semicolon1 #aii #fj4 ,the ,colon1 #bjb ,,parker',s ,,second ,,reader4 ,,lesson ,i4 ,the ,author's ,address to the ,pupil4 #a4 ,i present to you1 my little friend1 a new book1 to assist you in learning to read4 ,i do not intend that it shall be a book full of hard words1 which you do not understand4 #b4 ,i do not think it proper to require children to read what they cannot understand4 ,i shall1 therefore1 show you how you may understand what is in this book1 and how you may be able1 with very little assistance from your teacher1 to read all the hard words1 not only in this book1 but also in any book which you may hereafter take up4 #c4 ,but first let me repeat to you a saying1 which1 when ,i was a little boy1 and went to school1 my teacher used to repeat to me4 ,he said that any one might lead a horse to the water1 but no one could make him drink4 ,the horse must do that himself4 ,he must open his own mouth1 and draw in the water1 and swallow it1 himself4 #d4 ,and so it is with anything which ,i wish to teach you4 ,i can tell you many things which it will be useful for you to know1 but ,i cannot open your ears and make you hear me4 ,i cannot turn your eyes so that they will look at me when ,i am talking to you1 that you may listen to me4 ,that1 you must do yourself2 and if you do not do it1 nothing that ,i can say to you1 or do for you1 will do you any good4 #e4 ,many little boys and girls1 when their teacher is talking to them1 are in the habit of staring about the school-room1 or looking at their fellow-pupils1 or1 perhaps1 slyly talking to them or laughing with them1 when they ought to be listening to what their teacher is saying4 #f4 ,others1 perhaps1 may appear to be looking at their teacher1 while1 at the same time1 they are thinking about tops and marbles1 or kites and dolls1 and other play-things1 and have no more idea of what their teacher is saying to them than if he were not in the room4 #g4 ,now1 here is a little picture1 from which ,i wish to teach you a very important lesson4 ,the picture represents a nest1 with four little birds in it4 ,the mother bird has just been out to get some food for them4 ,the little birds1 as soon as their mother returns1 begin to open their mouths wide1 and the mother drops some food from her bill into the mouth of each one2 and in this manner they are all fed1 until they are old enough to go abroad and find food for themselves4 ,illustration #h4 ,now1 what would these little birds do1 if1 when their mother brings them their food1 they should keep their mouths all shut1 or1 perhaps1 be feeling of one another with their little bills1 or crowding each other out of the nest8 #i4 ,you know that they would have to go without their food2 for their mother would not open their mouths for them1 nor could she swallow their food for them4 ,they must do that for themselves1 or they must starve4 #aj4 ,now1 in the same manner that little birds open their mouths to receive the food which their mother brings to them1 little boys and girls should have their ears open to hear what their teachers say to them4 #aa4 ,the little birds1 as you see in the picture1 have very large mouths1 and they keep them wide open to receive all the food that their mother drops2 so that none of their food ever falls into the nest1 but all goes into their mouths1 and they swallow it1 and it nourishes them1 and makes them grow4 #ab4 ,so1 also1 little boys and girls should try to catch1 in their ears1 everything that their teacher says to them1 and keep it in their minds1 and be able to recollect it1 by often thinking about it2 and thus they will grow wise and learned1 and be able to teach other little boys and girls1 of their own1 when they themselves grow up4 #ac4 ,now1 my little friend1 please to open your eyes and see what ,i have put into this book for you1 and open your ears to hear what your kind teacher has to say to you1 that your minds may grow1 and that you may become wise and good children4 ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,the same subject1 continued4 #a4 ,i told you1 in the last lesson1 that ,i would teach you how to understand what is in this book1 and how to read the hard words that you may find in this or in any other book4 #b4 ,now1 before you can understand them1 you must be able to read them2 and in order that you may understand how to read them1 you must take the words to pieces2 that is1 take a few of the letters at a time1 and see whether you can read a part of the word first1 and then another part1 until you have read the whole of it in parts1 and then you can put the parts together1 and thus read the whole word4 #c4 ,now1 in order that you may understand what ,i mean1 ,i will explain it to you by taking a long word to pieces1 and letting you read a part of it at a time1 until you have learned how to read the whole word4 #d4 ,in the next line1 you may read the parts of the word all separated3 ,ab ra ca dab ra4 ,now you have read the parts of the word ab-ra-ca-dab-ra all separated1 you can read them very easily together1 so as to make one word1 and the word will be ,abracadabra4 #e4 ,this long and hard word was the name of a false god1 that was worshiped many hundreds of years ago1 by a people who did not know the true ,god1 whom we worship2 and they very foolishly supposed that by wearing this name1 written on paper1 in a certain manner1 it would cure them of many diseases4 #f4 ,here are a few more long and hard words1 divided in the same manner1 which you may first read by syllables1 that is1 one syllable at a time3 ,val e tu di na ri an4 ,in de fat i ga bil i ty4 ,hy po chon dri a cal4 ,me temp sy cho sis4 ,hal lu ci na tion4 ,zo o no mi a4 ,ses qui pe dal i ty4 #g4 ,you may now read these long words as they are here presented1 without a division of the syllables1 as follows3 valetudinarian1 indefatigability1 hypochondriacal1 metempsychosis1 hallucination1 zoonomia1 sesquipedality4 #h4 ,now1 you see that words which look hard1 and which you find difficult to read1 can be easily read1 if you take the pains to divide them into parts or syllables1 and not try to read the whole word at once4 #i4 ,i now propose to relate to you a little story which ,i read when ,i was a little boy1 and which ,i think will make you remember what ,i have just told you about reading hard words1 by first taking them to pieces1 and reading a part of them at a time4 #aj4 ,a father1 who was dying1 called his seven sons around his bed1 and showed them a bundle of small sticks tied together1 and asked each one to try to break all the sticks at once1 without untying the bundle4 ,illustration #aa4 ,each of the sons took the bundle of sticks1 and putting it across his knee1 tried with all his strength to break it2 but not one of them could break the sticks1 or even bend them1 while they were tied together4 #ab4 ,the father then directed his oldest son to untie the bundle1 and to break each stick separately4 ,as soon as the bundle was untied1 each of the sons took the sticks separately1 and found that they could easily break every one of them1 and scatter them1 in small pieces1 all about the floor4 #ac4 ,now1 said the father1 ,i wish you1 my dear sons1 to learn a lesson from these sticks4 ,so long as you are all united in love and friendship1 you need fear little from any enemies2 but1 if you quarrel among yourselves1 and do not keep together1 you see by these little sticks how easily your enemies may put you down separately4 #ad4 ,now1 this was a very wise father1 and he taught his sons a very useful lesson with this bundle of sticks4 ,i also wish to teach you1 my little friend1 whoever you are1 that are reading this book1 another useful lesson from the same story4 #ae4 ,hard words1 especially long ones1 will be difficult to you to read1 unless1 like the sons in the story1 you untie the bundle2 that is1 until you take the long words apart1 and read one part or syllable at a time4 ,thus you may learn what is meant by that wise saying1 ,divide and conquer4 ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,the same subject1 continued4 #a4 ,i have another lesson to teach you from the same story of the old man and the bundle of sticks1 which ,i think will be very useful to you1 and will make your lessons very much easier to you4 #b4 ,whenever you have a lesson to learn1 do not look at it all at once1 and say1 ,i cannot learn this long lesson2 but divide it into small parts1 and say to yourself1 ,i will try to learn this first little part1 and after ,i have learned that1 ,i will rest two or three minutes1 and then ,i will learn another little part1 and then rest again a few minutes1 and then ,i will learn another4 #c4 ,i think that in this way you will find study is not so hard a thing as it seemed to you at first1 and you will have another explanation of that wise saying1 ,divide and conquer4 #d4 ,i will now tell you another story that ,i read when ,i was a little boy4 ,it was called a fable4 ,but before ,i tell you the story1 ,i must tell you what a fable is4 #e4 ,a fable is a story which is not true4 ,but1 although it is not a true story1 it is a very useful one1 because it always teaches us a good lesson4 #f4 ,in many fables1 birds and beasts are represented as speaking4 ,now1 you know that birds and beasts cannot talk1 and therefore the story1 or fable1 which tells us that birds and beasts1 and other things1 that are not alive1 do talk1 cannot be true4 #g4 ,but ,i have told you1 that although fables are not true stories1 they are very useful to us1 because they teach us a useful lesson4 ,this lesson that they teach is called the moral of the fable2 and that is always the best fable that has the best moral to it1 or1 in other words1 that teaches us the best lesson4 #h4 ,the story1 or the fable1 that ,i promised to tell you1 is in the next lesson1 and ,i wish you1 when you read it1 to see whether you can find out what the lesson1 or moral1 is which it teaches2 and whether it is at all like the story of the father and the bundle of sticks1 that ,i told you in the last lesson4 ,while you read it1 be very careful that you do not pass over any word the meaning of which you do not know4 ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,the ,discontented ,pendulum4--,,jane ,,taylor4 ,illustration #a4 ,an old clock1 that had stood for fifty years in a farmer's kitchen1 without giving its owner any cause of complaint1 early one summer's morning1 before the family was stirring1 suddenly stopped4 #b4 ,upon this1 the dial-plate 7if we may credit the fable7 changed countenance with alarm2 the hands made a vain effort to continue their course2 the wheels remained motionless with surprise2 the weights hung speechless2--each member felt disposed to lay the blame on the others4 #c4 ,at length the dial instituted a formal inquiry as to the cause of the stagnation1 when hands1 wheels1 weights1 with one voice1 protested their innocence4 #d4 ,but now a faint tick was heard below from the pendulum1 who thus spoke3--,i confess myself to be the sole cause of the present stoppage2 and ,i am willing1 for the general satisfaction1 to assign my reasons4 ,the truth is1 that ,i am tired of ticking4 #e4 ,upon hearing this1 the old clock became so enraged1 that it was on the very point of striking4 ,lazy wire6 exclaimed the dial-plate1 holding up its hands4 #f4 ,very good6 replied the pendulum2 it is vastly easy for you1 ,mistress ,dial1 who have always1 as everybody knows1 set yourself up above me1--it is vastly easy for you1 ,i say1 to accuse other people of laziness6 ,you1 who have had nothing to do1 all the days of your life1 but to stare people in the face1 and to amuse yourself with watching all that goes on in the kitchen6 #g4 ,think1 ,i beseech you1 how you would like to be shut up for life in this dark closet1 and to wag backwards and forwards1 year after year1 as ,i do4 #h4 ,as to that1 said the dial1 is there not a window in your house1 on purpose for you to look through8--,for all that1 resumed the pendulum1 it is very dark here2 and although there is a window1 ,i dare not stop1 even for an instant1 to look out at it4 #i4 ,besides1 ,i am really tired of my way of life2 and1 if you wish1 ,i'll tell you how ,i took this disgust at my employment4 ,i happened this morning to be calculating how many times ,i should have to tick in the course of only the next twenty-four hours2 perhaps some of you1 above there1 can give me the exact sum4 #aj4 ,the minute-hand1 being quick at figures1 presently replied1 ,eighty-six thousand four hundred times4 #aa4 ,exactly so1 replied the pendulum2 well1 ,i appeal to you all1 if the very thought of this was not enough to fatigue one2 and when ,i began to multiply the strokes of one day by those of months and years1 really1 it is no wonder if ,i felt discouraged at the prospect3 so1 after a great deal of reasoning and hesitation1 thinks ,i to myself1 ,i'll stop4 #ab4 ,the dial could scarcely keep its countenance during this harangue2 but1 resuming its gravity1 thus replied3 ,dear ,mr4 ,pendulum1 ,i am really astonished that such a useful1 industrious person as yourself1 should have been overcome by this sudden action4 #ac4 ,it is true1 you have done a great deal of work in your time2 so have we all1 and are likely to do2 which1 although it may fatigue us to think of1 the question is1 whether it will fatigue us to do4 ,would you now do me the favor to give about half a dozen strokes1 to illustrate my argument8 #ad4 ,the pendulum complied1 and ticked six times in its usual pace4 ,now1 resumed the dial1 may ,i be allowed to inquire if that exertion was at all fatiguing or disagreeable to you8 #ae4 ,not in the least1 replied the pendulum2 it is not of six strokes that ,i complain1 nor of sixty1 but of millions4 #af4 ,very good1 replied the dial2 but recollect1 that though you may think of a million strokes in an instant1 you are required to execute but one2 and that1 however often you may hereafter have to swing1 a moment will always be given you to swing in4 #ag4 ,that consideration staggers me1 ,i confess1 said the pendulum4--,then ,i hope1 resumed the dial-plate1 we shall all immediately return to our duty2 for the maids will lie in bed1 if we stand idling thus4 #ah4 ,upon this1 the weights1 who had never been accused of light conduct1 used all their influence in urging him to proceed2 when1 as with one consent1 the wheels began to turn1 the hands began to move1 the pendulum began to swing1 and1 to its credit1 ticked as loud as ever2 while a red beam of the rising sun1 that streamed through a hole in the kitchen window1 shining full upon the dial-plate1 it brightened up1 as if nothing had been the matter4 #ai4 ,when the farmer came down to breakfast that morning1 upon looking at the clock1 he declared that his watch had gained half an hour in the night4 ,,lesson ,v4 ,address of the ,author to the ,pupil1--continued from ,lesson #c;d4 #a4 ,the fable of the old clock1 which has just been read1 is intended to teach us a lesson1 or moral1 and that is1 that whenever we have anything to do1 whether it be a long lesson or a piece of hard work1 we must not think of it all at once1 but divide the labor1 and thus conquer the difficulty4 #b4 ,the pendulum was discouraged when it thought that it had to tick eighty-six thousand four hundred times in twenty-four hours2 but when the dial asked it to tick half a dozen times only1 the pendulum confessed that it was not fatiguing or disagreeable to do so4 #c4 ,it was only by thinking what a large number of times it had to tick in twenty-four hours1 that it became fatigued4 #d4 ,now1 suppose that a little boy1 or a little girl1 has a hard lesson to learn1 and1 instead of sitting down quietly and trying to learn a little of it at a time1 and after that a little more1 until it is all learned1 should begin to cry1 and say ,i cannot learn all of this lesson1 it is too long1 or too hard1 and ,i never can get it1 that little boy1 or girl1 would act just as the pendulum did when it complained of the hard work it had to do4 #e4 ,but the teacher says to the little boy1 ,come1 my dear1 read over the first sentence of your lesson to me six times4 ,the little boy reads the first sentence six times1 and confesses to his teacher that it was not very hard work to do so4 #f4 ,the teacher then asks him to read it over six times more2 and the little boy finds that1 before he has read it to his teacher so often as the six times more1 he can say it without his book before him4 #g4 ,in this way1 that little boy will find1 that it is not1 after all1 so hard work to get what he calls a hard lesson2 because all that he has to do1 is to read a small portion of the lesson at a time1 and to repeat the reading of that small portion until he can repeat it without the book4 #h4 ,when he has done this1 he can take another small portion of the lesson1 and do the same with that1 until1 by degrees1 he has learnt the whole lesson2 and then he will feel happy1 because he knows that his teacher1 and his parents1 will be pleased with him4 #i4 ,but some pupils say to themselves1 when they have a lesson to learn1 ,i do not want to study this lesson now2 ,i will study it by and by1 or to-morrow morning4 #aj4 ,but1 by and by1 and when to-morrow comes1 they feel no more disposed to study their lesson than they did when the lesson was first given to them4 #aa4 ,now1 my little friend1 if you wish your time at school to pass pleasantly1 do not say to yourself1 ,i will get my lesson by and by1 or to-morrow1 but set yourself about it immediately1 learn it as quickly as you can1 and ,i will assure you will not only make your teachers and your parents happier1 but you will be much happier yourself4 ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,the ,author to the ,pupil4 #a4 ,in the first lesson1 ,i told you that ,i would show you how to understand what is in this book2 and how you may1 with very little assistance from your teacher1 be able to read all the hard words that you find in any book4 #b4 ,many little boys and girls are very fond of running out of their places in school1 and going up to their teachers with a great many unnecessary questions4 ,this always troubles the teacher1 and prevents his going through with all his business in time to dismiss you at the usual hour4 #c4 ,whenever you meet with any real difficulty1 that you cannot overcome yourself without his assistance1 you should watch for an opportunity when he is at leisure1 and endeavor to attract his attention quietly1 and without noise and bustle1 so that your fellow-pupils may not be disturbed1 and then respectfully and modestly ask him to assist you4 #d4 ,but if you are noisy and troublesome1 and run up to him frequently with questions that1 with a little thought1 you could easily answer yourself1 he will not be pleased with you1 but will think that you wish to make trouble2 and1 perhaps1 will appear unkind to you4 #e4 ,i will now endeavor to show you how you may understand what is in your book1 so that you will have no need to be troublesome to your teacher4 #f4 ,in the first place1 then1 always endeavor to understand every line that you read2 try to find out what it means1 and1 if there is any word that you have never seen or heard of before1 look out the word in a dictionary1 and see what the meaning of the word is2 and then read the line over again1 and see whether you can tell what the whole line means1 when you have found out the meaning of the strange word4 #g4 ,now1 as you can understand everything best when you have an example1 ,i will give you one1 as follows4 ,in the tenth chapter of the ,acts of the ,apostles1 at the first verse1 there are these words3 #a4 ,there was a certain man in ,cesarea1 called ,cornelius1 a centurion of the band called the ,italian band1 #b4 ,a devout man1 and one that feared ,god with all his house1 and gave much alms to the people1 and prayed to ,god always4 #h4 ,i suppose you know what most of the words in these verses mean1 except the word centurion in the first verse1 and the word alms in the second4 #i4 ,now1 if you look for the word centurion in the dictionary1 it will tell you that centurion means a military officer1 who commanded a hundred men4 ,thus you find that ,cornelius was a soldier2 and not only that he was a soldier1 but that he was an officer1 that commanded soldiers4 #aj4 ,again1 if you look for the word alms in your dictionary1 you will find that it means money given to the poor2 and thus you find that ,cornelius was a very good man1 and not only prayed to ,god1 but also gave much money to assist the poor4 #aa4 ,you see1 then1 how useful a book a dictionary is at school1 and how important it is that you should have one4 ,if your parents cannot give you a very good one1 any one is better than none4 #ab4 ,but if you have no dictionary1 or if you cannot find the word you wish to find in the dictionary1 you must then wait for a convenient time to ask your teacher1 and he will always be pleased to find that you are trying to understand the words in your lesson4 #ac4 ,if you have a dictionary1 and do not know how to find out the words in it1 ask your teacher to show you2 and when he has showed you how to use it1 be sure never to pass over a single word without knowing what it means4 ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,how to find out the ,meaning of ,words4--,,original4 ,illustration #a4 ,many years ago1 when ,i lived in a small town1 near the ,merrimac river1 a little ,spanish girl came to board in the same house4 #b4 ,she could speak very well in her own language2 but the people in her country speak a language very different from ours3 and when she first began to speak1 she heard nothing but ,spanish words2 and she learned no other4 #c4 ,she could not speak a word of ,english1 and did not understand a word that was spoken to her by any of the family4 #d4 ,her parents were very rich1 but they placed her in the family1 that she might learn to speak ,english4 #e4 ,she had no dictionary to turn to1 to look out the meaning of words2 and if she was hungry1 she could not ask for bread1 and if she was thirsty1 she could not ask for water1 nor milk1 nor tea1 for she did not know the meaning of either of the words1 water1 tea1 nor milk4 #f4 ,perhaps you would be puzzled to tell how she could learn to speak ,english1 if she had no one to teach her1 and had no dictionary to inform her about the words4 #g4 ,but it was not many days before she could say bread1 if she was hungry1 and water1 if she wanted to drink2 and ,i was very much surprised to find how soon it was1 at the dinner-table1 she could ask for meat1 or potato1 or pudding2 and1 at tea-time1 for tea1 or milk1 or sugar1 or butter1 or bread4 #h4 ,i have no doubt that you would like to know how this little ,spanish girl learned to speak all of these words4 ,i do not intend to tell you quite yet1 but ,i think you will find out yourself1 if you will read the next lesson4 ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,the same subject1 continued4 #a4 ,about twenty years ago1 ,i was very ill1 and1 for a long time1 my friends thought ,i never should recover4 #b4 ,by the very attentive care of my physician1 and by the devoted attention of my wife1 ,i unexpectedly grew better2 and the doctor said that ,i must take a voyage for the recovery of my health4 #c4 ,a kind friend1 who was going to the ,west ,indies1 in a vessel of his own1 very generously offered to take me with him1 and ,i gratefully accepted the offer4 #d4 ,we sailed from ,boston early one morning1 and were soon out of sight of the land4 ,i was quite ill during the voyage2 but fortunately the voyage was a short one1 and we reached the place of our destination on the fourteenth day after we sailed4 #e4 ,the island1 where we landed1 was a beautiful spot2 and lemons1 oranges1 pine-apples1 and many other delicious fruits1 were growing out in the open air4 #f4 ,the people who lived on this island did not speak the ,english language2 and the family with whom ,i was to reside could speak only in ,french4 #g4 ,i observed1 at dinner-time1 that some of the persons at the table held out their tumblers to the servant1 and said something which sounded to me like ,o4 #h4 ,i often heard this word2 and every time it was spoken1 water was brought1 or poured out1 or something was done with water4 #i4 ,i then made up my mind that this word that ,i thought was ,o meant water2 and ,i found out afterwards that ,i was right1 except that ,i did not spell it right4 #aj4 ,this ,i discovered by means of the ,bible1 from which the family used to read4 #aa4 ,it was a very large one1 with very large letters2 and as ,i was very fond of hearing them read1 and of looking over the book while some one was reading aloud1 ,i noticed that whenever the reader came to the letters e1 a1 u1 he called them ,o2 and thus ,i found out that water1 in their language1 was called ,o1 but was spelt e1 a1 u4 #ab4 ,in the same manner1 ,i found out the words1 or names1 which they gave to bread1 and sugar1 and butter1 and meat1 and figs1 and oranges1 and lemons1 and pine-apples4 #ac4 ,and now1 perhaps1 you may be able to find out how the little ,spanish girl1 mentioned in the last lesson1 learned the meaning of ,english words that she had never heard until she came to live in the family where nothing but ,english was spoken4 #ad4 ,she was obliged to listen1 when any one spoke1 and watch to see what was wanted2 and in the same manner in which ,i found out the meaning of ,o1 and what to call bread1 and sugar1 and butter1 and meat1 and figs1 and oranges1 and other fruits1 she learned to call things by their ,english names4 #ae4 ,but1 in order to do this1 she was obliged to listen very attentively1 to try to remember every new name that she learned2 and1 by so doing1 in less than a year she could talk almost as plainly as any one in the house4 #af4 ,it was very easy for her to learn the names of things1 because she heard them spoken very often4 ,such words as chair1 table1 water1 sugar1 cake1 potato1 pudding1 and other words which are the names of things she could see1 she learned very quickly4 #ag4 ,but such words as come and go1 or run and walk1 and the little words to and from1 and over and under1 or such words as quickly and slowly1 and many other words of the same kind1 she could not learn so easily4 #ah4 ,in the next lesson perhaps you will find out how she learned the meaning of these words4 ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,the same subject1 continued4 ,illustration #a4 ,there was a small family living very near to your residence1 my young friends who are reading this lesson1 consisting of the father1 the mother1 and four young children4 #b4 ,the oldest was a boy of twelve years old1 the next was a little girl of about eight1 the third was another pretty little girl of six1 and the youngest was an infant boy1 only nine months old4 #c4 ,as you may well suppose1 the baby1 as he was called1 was the delight1 not only of the father and the mother1 but also of his elder brother and his two sisters4 #d4 ,the oldest brother had a dog whose name was ,guido1--an ,italian name1 which is pronounced as if it were spelt ,gwedo4 #e4 ,the dog had learned to love the dear little baby as much as the rest of the family2 and very often1 when he was lying on the floor1 the baby would pull his tail1 or his ears1 or put his little hand into the creature's mouth1 and ,guido would play as gently with him as if he knew that the baby was a very tender little thing1 and could not bear any rough treatment4 #f4 ,nothing pleased the whole family1 and ,guido among the rest1 so much1 as to hear the baby try to say papa1 and mamma1 and bub1 and sis2 for he could not say brother1 nor sister1 nor pronounce any other words plainly4 #g4 ,the youngest sister was very fond of making him say these words2 and every time the little creature repeated them to her1 she would throw her arms around his little neck1 and hug and kiss him with all the affectionate love her little heart could express4 #h4 ,she often used to dress her little doll as prettily as she knew how2 tying its frock on one day with a pretty blue ribbon1 and on another with a red one2 for she had noticed1 that whenever the doll was newly dressed1 the dear little baby would look very steadily at it1 and hold out its little arms towards it2 and then she would carry it to her little brother1 and say to him1 ,dolly1--pretty dolly1--bub want to see dolly8 #i4 ,one day she had dressed her doll in a very bright new dress1 with very gay ribbons1 and was carrying it towards her father to show it to him1 when suddenly she heard the baby cry out1 ,dolly6 #aj4 ,she immediately ran with delight to her little brother1 holding up the doll in its new shining dress1 and repeated her usual words1 ,dolly1--bub want dolly8 #aa4 ,the baby1 delighted1 looked up in its mother's face1 and laughed1 and crowed1 and giggled1 and in its delight again repeated the word ,dolly6 #ab4 ,pleased with her success1 the little sister was unwearied in her efforts to make her little brother repeat other words2 and day by day she was gratified to find the list of words which he lisped was growing in length4 #ac4 ,by the unwearied endeavors of father1 mother1 brother and sisters1 this pretty little baby1 by the time that it was three years old1 could speak plainly anything that was repeated to him1 and had learned the names of almost everything that he saw about the house1 the yard1 and the street4 #ad4 ,but it was observed that ,guido1 the dog1 although he could not speak a word1 had also learned the names of many things2 and when ,george1 the oldest son1 told him to go and bring his ball to him1 ,guido would wag his tail1 and go up into ,george's chamber1 and look about the room until he had found the ball2 and then he would run down the stairs1 and dropping the ball at his young master's feet1 look up in his face1 expecting that ,george would throw it down for him to catch again4 ,illustration #ae4 ,the baby1 however1 learnt words and names much faster than ,guido2 for although ,guido knew as much as any dog knows1 yet dogs are different creatures from children1 and cannot learn so much nor so fast as children can1 because it has not pleased ,god to give them the same powers4 #af4 ,now1 perhaps you may wish to know who this interesting family were of whom ,i have been speaking2 and you will probably be surprised to learn1 that all ,i have told you about this little baby is true of every little baby1 and that the manner that every infant is taught to speak is the same4 #ag4 ,it is the same manner as that in which the little ,spanish girl1 mentioned in the seventh lesson1 was taught to speak the ,english language4 ,,lesson ,x4 ,words4--,,original4 #a4 ,i told you1 in the last lesson1 how an infant child first learned to speak1 when it was taught by its father and mother1 and brother and sisters4 #b4 ,i intend to show you1 in this lesson1 how the little child learned the meaning of a great many words himself1 without the assistance of any one else4 #c4 ,he was very fond of ,guido1 the dog1 and watched everything he did1 especially when his brother ,george was playing with him4 #d4 ,when ,george called ,guido1 and said to the dog1 ,come here1 ,guido1 the little boy could not help noticing that ,guido went to ,george4 #e4 ,when ,george's father or mother called ,george1 and said1 ,come here1 ,george1 the little child saw that ,george went to his father1 or his mother4 #f4 ,now1 nobody told the little child what ,george1 or his father1 or his mother1 meant by the word come2 but he always saw1 that when any one said to another1 ,come1 that the one who was spoken to always moved towards the person who called him1 and in this way the little child found out what his father or his mother meant by the word come4 #g4 ,it was in this way1 my young friend who are reading this lesson1 that you1 yourself1 learned the meaning of most of the words that you know4 #h4 ,when you were a little child1 like the infant of whom ,i have been speaking1 you knew no more about words1 or about speaking1 than he did4 #i4 ,but1 by hearing others speak and use words1 you learned to use them yourself2 and there is no word ever used1 either in books or anywhere else1 that you cannot find out its meaning1 provided that you hear it used frequently1 and by different persons4 #aj4 ,i will now give you an example1 to show you what ,i mean4 ,i will give you a word that you probably never heard of before2 and although ,i shall not tell you what the word means1 ,i think you will find it out yourself1 before you have read many more lines of this lesson4 #aa4 ,the word hippoi is the word that ,i shall choose1 because ,i know that you do not know the meaning of it2 but ,i wish you to read the following sentences in which the word is used1 and ,i think that you will find out what hippoi means1 before you have read them all4 #ab4 ,in ,california1 and in ,mexico1 and in most parts of ,south ,america1 there are many wild hippoi1 which feed on the grass that grows wild there4 #ac4 ,the ,indians hunt the hippoi2 and when they catch them1 they tame them1 and put bridles on their heads1 and bits in their mouths1 and saddles on their backs1 and ride on them4 #ad4 ,a carriage1 with four white hippoi1 has just passed by the window1 and one of the hippoi has dropped his shoe4 ,the coachman must take him to the blacksmith1 to have the shoe put on4 #ae4 ,the noise which hippoi make is a very strange noise1 and when they make it they are said to neigh 7pronounced na74 #af4 ,the hoofs of cows and goats and sheep and deer are cloven2 that is1 they are split into two parts2 but the hoofs of hippoi are not split or cloven1 and for that reason they are called whole-hoofed animals4 #ag4 ,my father has in his barn four hippoi4 ,one of them is red1 and has a short tail2 another is white1 with a few dark hairs in his mane1 or long hair on the top of his neck2 the third is gray1 with dark spots on his body2 and the fourth is perfectly black1 and has a very long tail1 which reaches almost to the ground4 #ah4 ,now1 from these sentences1 ,i think you will see that hippoi does not mean cows1 or goats1 or sheep1 or deer2 and ,i do not think it necessary to tell you anything more about it1 except that it is a word that was spoken by the ,corinthians and the ,colossians and the ,ephesians1 the people to whom ,st4 ,paul addressed those epistles or letters in the ,bible called by their names4 #ai4 ,when you have read this lesson1 your teacher will probably ask you what the word hippoi means2 and ,i hope you will be able to tell him that hippoi means----here put in the ,english word for hippoi4 ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,definitions4 #a4 ,in the last lesson1 ,i gave you a word which you had not seen before1 to find out the meaning of it1 without looking in a dictionary4 #b4 ,i told you1 in a former lesson1 how the little ,spanish girl found out the meaning of words which she did not know2 and afterwards informed you how the infant child was taught to speak4 #c4 ,now1 ,i doubt not that you can speak a great many words1 and know what they mean when you use them2 but ,i do not think that you ever thought much about the way in which you learned them4 #d4 ,perhaps you will be surprised to hear that everybody learns to talk and to use words in the same way that the little ,spanish girl and the little infant learned them2 that is1 by hearing others use them in different ways1 just as the word hippoi was used in the last lesson4 #e4 ,nobody ever told you1 probably1 the meaning of a great many words that you know2 and yet you know them full as well1 and perhaps better1 than if any one had told you about them4 #f4 ,perhaps you have a brother whose name is ,john1 or ,george1 or ,james1 or a sister whose name is ,mary1 or ,jane1 or ,ann1 or ,lucy4 ,you have always heard them called by these names1 ever since you1 or they1 were quite young2 and have noticed that when ,john was called1 that the one whose name is ,john would answer2 and as each one answered when spoken to1 you learnt which was ,john1 and which was ,mary1 and which was ,lucy4 #g4 ,so also1 when a certain animal1 having two large horns and a long tail1 and which is milked every night and morning1 passed by1 you heard some one say cow2 and in this way you learned what the word cow means4 #h4 ,so also1 when water falls from the sky in drops1 little children hear people say it rains2 and thus they find out what rain1 means4 #i4 ,now1 when anybody asks you what any word means1 although you know it very well1 yet it is a very hard thing to tell what it means1--that is1 to give a definition of it1--as you will see by the little story ,i am about to tell you4 #aj4 ,a teacher1 who was very anxious to make his scholars understand their lessons1 once told them he had a very hard question he wished to ask them1 and that he would let the one who answered the question best take the head of the class4 #aa4 ,this teacher never allowed any of his pupils to speak to him without first raising his right hand above his head1 to signify that the child had something to say2 and when any child raised his hand in this way1 if he was not busy1 he called upon the child to say what he wished4 #ab4 ,in this way he prevented the children from troubling him when he was busy2 and in this way he also prevented them from interrupting each other1 as would be the case if several of them should speak at once4 #ac4 ,on the day of which ,i am about to speak1 he said to them1 ,now1 children1 ,i have a very hard question to ask you1 that does not require you to study1 but only to think about it1 in order to answer it well2 and the one who gives me the best answer shall go to the head of the class4 ,the question is this3 ,what is a bird8 #ad4 ,before they heard the question1 they looked very sober1 and thought their master intended to puzzle them1 or to give them a long sentence to commit to memory4 ,but as soon as they heard the question1 they began to smile among themselves1 and wonder how their teacher should call that a hard question4 #ae4 ,a dozen hands were immediately raised1 to signify that so many of the children were ready to answer it4 #af4 ,well1 ,john1 said the teacher1 your hand is up2 can you tell me what a bird is8 #ag4 ,john immediately rose1 and standing on the right-hand side of his seat1 said1 ,a bird is a thing that has two legs4 #ah4 ,well1 said the teacher1 suppose some one should saw off two of the legs of my chair2 it would then be a thing that has two legs2 but it would not be a bird1 would it8 ,you see1 then1 that your answer is not correct4 #ai4 ,i will not mention the names of the other children who raised their hands2 but ,i will tell you what the answers were which some of them made to the questions1 and what the teacher said about each of their answers4 #bj4 ,one of the children said that a bird is an animal with two legs4 ,but1 said the teacher1 all little boys and girls1 and all men and women1 are animals with two legs2 but they are not birds4 #ba4 ,another child said that a bird is an animal that has wings4 ,but the teacher said there are some fishes that have wings1 and that fishes are not birds4 #bb4 ,a bright little girl then modestly rose and said1 ,a bird is an animal that has legs and wings1 and that flies4 ,the teacher smiled upon her very kindly1 and told her that it is true that a bird has legs and wings1 and that it flies2 but1 said he1 there is another animal1 also1 that has legs and wings1 and that flies very fast in the air4 ,it is called a bat4 ,it flies only in the night2 but it has no feathers1 and therefore is not a bird4 #bc4 ,upon hearing this1 another bright-eyed child very timidly rose and said1 ,a bird is an animal that has legs1 wings and feathers4 ,very well1 said the teacher2 but can you not think of anything else that a bird has1 which other creatures have not8 #bd4 ,the children looked at one another1 wondering what their teacher could mean2 and no one could think what to say1 until the teacher said to them1 ,think a moment1 and try to tell me how a bird's mouth looks4 ,look first at my mouth4 ,you see ,i have two lips1 and these two lips form my mouth4 ,now1 tell me whether a bird has two lips2 and if he has not1 what he has instead of lips4 #be4 ,one of the children immediately arose and said1 that a bird has no lips1 but he has a bill2 and that bill opens as the lips of a man do1 and forms the mouth of the bird4 #bf4 ,yes1 said the teacher2 and now listen to me while ,i tell you the things you should always mention1 when you are asked what a bird is1-- ,first1 ,a bird is an animal4 ,secondly1 ,it has two legs4 ,thirdly1 ,it has two wings4 ,fourthly1 ,it has feathers4 ,fifthly1 ,it has a hard1 glossy bill4 #bg4 ,and now1 said the teacher1 you see that ,i was right when ,i told you that ,i had a hard question to ask you1 when ,i asked ,what is a bird8 #bh4 ,now1 if you will join all of these things which belong to a bird in the description which you give in answer to my question1 ,what is a bird1 you will then give a correct definition of a bird1--that is1 you will tell exactly what a bird is1 and no more1 and no less4 #bi4 ,a bird is an animal covered with feathers1 having two legs1 two wings1 and a hard1 glossy bill4 #cj4 ,when you are asked what anything is1 recollect what ,i have told you about a bird1 and try to recall everything that you ever knew about the thing1 and in this way you will be able to give a satisfactory answer4 #ca4 ,this will also teach you to think1 and that is one of the most important objects for which you go to school4 ,it will enable you also to understand what you read2 and you can always read those things best which you understand well4 ,,lesson ,,xii4 ,reading and ,spelling4 #a4 ,another important thing for which you go to school is to learn how to spell4 ,it is not always very easy to spell1 because there are so many different ways in which the same letters are pronounced in different words4 #b4 ,that you may understand what ,i mean1 ,i shall give an example1 to show you how many different ways the same letters are pronounced in different words2 and also another example1 to show you how many different ways there are of spelling the same syllable4 #c4 ,to show you1 first1 in how many different ways the same letters are pronounced in different words1 ,i shall take the letters o1 u1 g1 h4 #d4 ,the letters o1 u1 g1 h1 are sounded or pronounced like the letter o alone1 in the word though4 ,the letters o1 u1 g1 h1 are pronounced like uf1 in the word tough4 #e4 ,in the word cough1 the letters o1 u1 g1 h1 are pronounced like off4 ,in the words slough and plough1 the letters o1 u1 g1 h1 are pronounced like ow2 and in the word through1 they are pronounced like ew1 or like u4 #f4 ,in the word hiccough the letters ough are pronounced like up--and in the word lough1 the letters are pronounced like lok4 #g4 ,there are many words which end with a sound like shun2 and this syllable is spelled in many different ways1 as you will see in the following example4 #h4 ,in the words ocean1 motion1 mansion1 physician1 halcyon1 ,parnassian1 ,christian1 and many other such words1 the last syllable is pronounced as if it were spelled shun4 #i4 ,you see1 then1 that in some words a syllable sounding very much like shun is spelled cean1 as in ocean2 in some it is spelled tion1 as in nation2 in some it is spelled sion1 as in mansion2 in some it is spelled cian1 as in physician2 in some it is spelled cyon1 as in halcyon2 in some it is spelled sian1 as in ,parnassian4 #aj4 ,it is such things as these which make both reading and spelling very hard lessons for young children4 ,if they think of them all at once1 as the pendulum did of the eighty-six thousand times that it had to swing in twenty-four hours1 it is no wonder if they feel discouraged1 and say1 ,i can't get these hard lessons4 #aa4 ,but you must recollect that1 as the pendulum1 every time it had to swing1 had a moment given it to swing in1 so you also have a moment given you to learn everything in2 and if you get a little at a time1 you will1 in the end1 finish it all1 if it be ever so large4 #ab4 ,you have seen the workman engaged in building a brick house4 ,he takes one brick at a time1 and lays it on the mortar1 smoothing the mortar with his trowel2 and then he takes another brick1 and another1 until he has made a long row for the side of the house4 #ac4 ,he then takes another brick1 and lays that on the first row2 and continues laying brick after brick1 until the house gradually rises to its proper height4 #ad4 ,now1 if the workman had said that he could never lay so many bricks1 the house would never have been built2 but he knew that1 although he could lay but one brick at a time1 yet1 by continuing to lay them1 one by one1 the house would at last be finished4 #ae4 ,there are some children1 who live as much as a mile1 or a half of a mile1 from the school-house4 ,if these children were told that they must step forward with first one foot and then the other1 and must take three or four thousand steps1 before they could reach the school-house1 they would probably be very much discouraged1 every morning1 before they set out1 and would say to their mothers1 ,mother1 ,i can't go to school1--it is so far2 ,i must put out one foot1 and drag the other after it1 three thousand times1 before ,i can get there4 #af4 ,you see1 then1 that although it may appear to be a very hard thing to learn to read and to spell so many words as there are in large books1 yet you are required to learn but a few of them at a time2 and if there were twice as many as there are1 you will learn them all1 in time4 #ag4 ,i shall tell you a story1 in the next lesson1 to show you how important it is to know how to spell4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4 ,importance of ,learning to ,spell4--,,original ,,version4 #a4 ,a rich man1 whose education had been neglected in early life1 and who was1 of course1 very ignorant of many things which even little boys and girls among us now-a-days know very well1 lived in a large house1 with very handsome furniture in it4 #b4 ,he kept a carriage1 and many servants1 some of whom were very much better educated than he was himself4 #c4 ,this rich man had been invited out many times to dine with his neighbors2 and he observed that at the dinners to which he was invited there were turkeys1 and ducks1 and chickens1 as well as partridges1 and quails1 and woodcocks1 together with salmon1 and trout1 and pickerel1--with roasted beef1 and lamb1 and mutton1 and pork4 #d4 ,but he noticed that every one seemed to be more fond of chickens than anything else1 but that they also ate of the ducks and the turkeys4 #e4 ,he1 one day1 determined to invite his friends to dine with him1 in return for their civilities in inviting him2 and he made up his mind to have an abundance of those things1 in particular1 of which he had observed his friends to be most fond4 #f4 ,he accordingly sent his servant to market1 to buy his dinner2 and1 for fear the servant should make any mistake1 he wrote his directions on paper1 and1 giving the paper1 with some money1 to the servant1 he sent him to the market4 #g4 ,the servant took the paper and the money1 and set off4 ,just before he reached the market1 he opened the paper1 to see what his master had written4 #h4 ,but his master wrote so very badly1 it took him a long time to find out what was written on the paper2 but1 at last1 he contrived to make it out1 as follows3 #i4 ,dukes would be preferred to ,turks2 but ,chittens would be better than either4 #aj4 ,what his master meant by dukes1 and turks1 and chittens1 he could not guess4 ,no such things were for sale at the market1 and he did not dare to return home without buying something4 #aa4 ,as he could find nothing like dukes nor turks1 he happened to see a poor woman carrying home a basket full of kittens4 ,this was the most like chittens of anything he could find2 and not being able to get what his master had written for1 he thought his master meant kittens4 ,he therefore bought the basket of kittens1 and carried them home for his master's dinner4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4 ,demos'thenes4--,,original4 #a4 ,there lived1 a great many years ago1 in ,athens1 one of the most renowned cities of ,greece1 a very celebrated orator1 whose name was ,demos'thenes4 #b4 ,but you will not understand what an orator is1 until you are told that it means a person who speaks before a large number of people1 to persuade them what to do1 or to give them information1 or good advice4 #c4 ,thus1 when a minister or clergyman preaches a good sermon1 and speaks in such a manner as to please all who hear him1 convincing them of their duty1 and persuading them to do it1 he is called an orator4 #d4 ,demos'thenes was not a clergyman1 or minister1 but he spoke before large assemblies of the ,athenians1 and they were very much delighted to hear him4 ,whenever it was known that he intended to speak in public1 every one was anxious to hear him4 #e4 ,now1 ,i wish to show you how hard he worked1 and what he did1 to become a great orator4 #f4 ,in the first place1 then1 he had a very weak voice1 and could not speak loud enough to be heard by a large assembly2 and1 besides this1 he was very much troubled with shortness of breath4 ,these were very great discouragements1 and had he not labored very hard to overcome them1 he never could have succeeded4 #g4 ,to cure his shortness of breath1 he used to go up and down stairs very frequently1 and run up steep and uneven places2 and to strengthen his voice1 he often went to the sea-shore1 when the waves were very noisy and violent1 and talked aloud to them1 so that he could hear his own voice above the noise of the waters4 ,illustration #h4 ,he could not speak the letter r plainly1 but pronounced it very much as you have heard some little boys and girls pronounce it1 when they say a wed wose for a red rose1 or a wipe cherwy instead of a ripe cherry4 #i4 ,besides this1 he stammered1 or stuttered1 very badly4 ,to cure himself of these faults in speaking1 he used to fill his mouth full of pebbles1 and try to speak with them in his mouth4 #aj4 ,he had a habit1 also1 of making up faces1 when he was trying to speak hard words2 and1 in order to cure himself of this1 he used to practice speaking before a looking-glass1 that he might see himself1 and try to correct the habit4 #aa4 ,to break himself of a habit he had of shrugging up his shoulders1 and making himself appear hump-backed1 he hung up a sword over his back1 so that it might prick him1 with its sharp point1 whenever he did so4 ,illustration #ab4 ,he shut himself up in a cave under ground1 and1 in order to confine himself there to his studies1 he shaved the hair off of one half of his head1 so that he might be ashamed to go out among men4 #ac4 ,it was in this way that this great man overcame all of his difficulties1 and1 at last1 became one of the greatest orators that have ever lived4 #ad4 ,now1 whenever you have a hard lesson to read1 or to study1 think of ,demos'thenes1 and recollect how he overcame all his difficulties1 and ,i think you will find that you have few things to do so hard as these things which he did4 #ae4 ,when your teacher requests you to put out your voice and speak loud1 remember what ,demos'thenes used to do to strengthen his voice1 and you will find very little trouble in speaking loudly enough to be heard1 if you will only try4 ,,lesson ,,xv4 ,hard ,words4 #a4 ,in one of the former lessons1 you were taught how to read long and hard words1 by taking them to pieces1 and reading a part of a word at a time4 #b4 ,i promised you also that this book should not be filled with hard words2 but ,i did not promise that there should be no hard words in it4 #c4 ,having taught you how to read hard words1 ,i propose1 in this lesson1 to give you a few long words to read1--not for the purpose of understanding what they mean1 but only to make you able to read such words1 when you find them in any other book4 #d4 ,the best way of getting rid of all difficulties1 is to learn how to overcome them1 and master them2 for they cease to be difficulties1 when you have overcome them4 #e4 ,demos'thenes1 as ,i told you in the last lesson1 had a very hard task to perform1 before he became a great orator4 ,you1 also1 can become a good scholar1 if you will take pains to study your lessons1 and learn them well4 #f4 ,before you read any lesson to your teacher from this book1 it is expected that you will study it over1 and find out all the most difficult words1 so that you may read them right off to him1 without stopping to find them out1 while he is waiting to hear you read them4 #g4 ,now1 here ,i shall place a few hard words for you to study over1 to read to your teacher when you read this lesson to him2 and he will probably require every one in your class to read them all aloud to him4 #h4 ,i wish you not to go up to your teacher to ask him to assist you1 until you have tried yourself to read them1 and find that you cannot4 #i4 ,there are some words that are not pronounced as they are spelt1 as ,i have taught you in a former lesson4 #aj4 ,such a word as phthisic1 which is pronounced as if it were spelled tisic1 ,i dare say would puzzle you1 if you had never seen it before2 but before you go up to your teacher1 to ask him any questions1 you should read over the whole of your lesson1 and perhaps you will find1 in the lesson itself1 something that will explain what puzzled you2 and thus you could find it out from your book1 without troubling your teacher4 #aa4 ,here are some of the long words ,i wish you to read4 #ab4 ,organization1 ,theoretical1 ,metaphysical1 ,metempsychosis1 ,multitudinous1 ,arithmetician1 ,metaphysician1 ,hyperbolical4 #ac4 ,apotheosis1 ,indefeasible1 ,feasibility1 ,supersaturated1 ,prolongation1 ,meridional1 ,ferruginous1 ,fastidiousness4 #ad4 ,haberdashery1 ,fuliginous1 ,exhalation1 ,prematurely1 ,depreciation1 ,appreciability1 ,resuscitate1 ,surreptitious1 ,interlocutory4 #ae4 ,sometimes the letters a e1 and o e1 are printed together1 like one letter1 as in the words ,csar1 ,coelebs1 and then the syllable is pronounced as if it were spelled with e alone1 as in the following words3 #af4 ,diresis1 ,aphresis1 ,o,ecumenical1 thiop1 ,subpoena1 ,encyclopdia1 ,phoenix1 ,phoebus1 olus4 #ag4 ,when there are two little dots over one of the letters1 they are both to be sounded1 as in the word ,arial1 which is pronounced a-e-ri-al4 #ah4 ,the letter c is one which puzzles many young persons who are learning to read1 because it is sometimes pronounced like k1 as in the word can1 and sometimes like s1 as in the word cent2 and they do not know when to pronounce it like k1 and when to sound it like s4 #ai4 ,but if you will recollect that c is sounded like k when it stands before the letters a1 o1 or u1 and that it is sounded like s before the letters e1 i1 and y1 you will have very little trouble in reading words that have the letter c in them4 #bj4 ,so also the letter g has two sounds1 called the hard sound1 and the soft sound4 ,the hard sound is the sound given to it in the word gone2 the soft sound is that which is heard in the word gentle4 #ba4 ,the same rule which you have just learnt with regard to the letter c applies to the letter g4 ,it has its hard sound before a1 o1 and u1 and its soft sound before e1 i1 and y4 #bb4 ,there are1 it is true1 some words where this rule is not applied2 but these words are very few1 so that you may safely follow this rule in most words4 #bc4 ,the letters ph are sounded like f4 ,the letters ch are sounded sometimes like k1 as in the words loch and monarch1 and sometimes like sh1 as in the words chaise and charade2 and they have sometimes a sound which cannot be represented by any other letters1 as in the words charm and chance4 #bd4 ,i suppose that you have probably learned most of these things which ,i have now told you in your spelling-book2 but ,i have repeated them in this book1 because ,i have so often found that little boys and girls are very apt to forget what they have learned4 #be4 ,if you recollect them all1 it will do you no harm to read them again1 but it will impress them more deeply on your memory4 ,but if you have forgotten them1 this little book will recall them to your mind1 so that you will never forget them4 #bf4 ,i recollect1 when ,i was a little boy1 that the letter y used to trouble me very much when it began a word1 and was not followed by one of the letters which are called vowels1 namely1 a1 e1 i1 o1 u4 ,i knew how to pronounce ya1 ye1 yi1 yo1 yu2 but one day1 when ,i was studying a lesson in geography1 ,i saw a word which was spelt ,y1 p1 r1 e1 s1 which puzzled me very much4 #bg4 ,i knew that the letters p1 r1 e1 s1 would spell pres1 but ,i did not know what to call the y4 ,after studying it a long time1 ,i found that the letter y1 in that word and some others1 was to be pronounced like the long e1 and that the word was pronounced ,epres1 though it was spelled ,y1 p1 r1 e1 s4 #bh4 ,perhaps you will be able1 when you grow up1 to write a book2 and to tell little boys and girls who go to school1 when you have grown up1 how to read hard words1 better than ,i have told you4 #bi4 ,if you wish to do so1 you must try to recollect what puzzles you most now1 and then you will be able to inform them how to get over their difficulties and troubles at school2 and when they grow up1 ,i have no doubt that they will feel very grateful to you for the assistance you have given them4 ,,lesson ,,xvi4 ,fire1,a--a ,conversation between a ,mother and her little ,daughter4 ,illustration ,daughter4 ,mother dear1 you told me1 the other day1 that nobody knows what light is1 except the ,great ,creator4 ,now1 can you tell me what fire is8 ,mother4 ,i fear1 my child1 that you have asked another question which ,i cannot directly answer4 ,what fire is1 is known only by its effects4 ,daughter4 ,and what are its effects1 mother8 ,mother4 ,some of its effects are as well known to you1 my dear1 as they are to me2 and ,i shall1 in the first place1 call to your recollection what you yourself know about fire1 before ,i attempt to give you any further information in relation to it4 ,daughter4 ,why1 mother1 ,i am sure ,i do not know what fire is4 ,mother4 ,no1 ,caroline1 ,i know that you do not know what fire is2 neither do ,i1 nor does any one1 except the ,great ,creator himself4 ,this is one of his secrets1 which1 in his wisdom1 he reserves for himself4 ,but you certainly know some of the effects of fire4 ,for instance1 you know that when you have been out into the cold1 you wish1 on your return1 to go to the fire4 ,now1 can you tell me what you go to the fire for8 ,daughter4 ,why1 certainly1 mother2 ,i go to the fire to warm myself4 ,mother4 ,and how does the fire warm you1 my dear8 ,daughter4 ,why1 it sends out its heat1 mother2 and ,i hold out my hands to it1 and feel the heat4 ,mother4 ,and where does the heat come from1 ,caroline8 ,daughter4 ,why1 the heat comes from the fire1 mother4 ,mother4 ,then1 my dear1 you know at least one of the effects of fire4 ,it produces1 or rather sends out1 heat4 ,daughter4 ,but does not the fire make the heat1 mother8 ,mother4 ,if you had a little bird1 or a mouse1 in a cage1 and should open the door and let it out1 should you say that you made the little bird1 or the mouse8 ,daughter4 ,say that ,i made them1 mother8--why1 no2 certainly not4 ,i only let them go free4 ,god made them4 ,you told me that ,god made all things4 ,mother4 ,neither did the fire make the heat4 ,it only made it free1 somewhat in the same manner that you would make the bird or the mouse free1 by opening the door of the cage4 ,daughter4 ,why1 mother1 is heat kept in cages1 like birds or mice8 ,mother4 ,no1 my dear1 not exactly in cages1 like birds or mice2 but a great deal closer1 in a different kind of cage4 ,daughter ,why1 mother1 what sort of a cage can heat be kept in8 ,mother4 ,i must answer your question1 ,caroline1 by asking you another4 ,when ,alice makes her fire in the kitchen1 how does she make it8 ,daughter4 ,she takes some wood1 or some coal1 and puts under it some pine wood1 which she calls kindling1 and some shavings1 and then takes a match and sets the shavings on fire1 and very soon the fire is made4 ,mother4 ,but does she not first do something to the match8 ,illustration ,daughter4 ,o1 yes2 ,i forgot to say that she lights the match first1 and then sets fire to the shavings with the lighted match4 ,mother4 ,but how does she light the match1 my dear8 ,daughter4 ,why1 mother1 have you never seen her8 ,she rubs one end of the match on the box1 where there is a little piece of sand-paper1 and that sets the match on fire4 ,mother4 ,is there any fire in the sand-paper1 ,caroline8 ,daughter4 ,why1 no1 mother2 certainly not4 ,mother4 ,was there any fire in the match1 before she lighted it8 ,daughter4 ,why1 no1 mother2 if there had been1 she would have had no need to light it4 ,mother4 ,you see1 then1 that fire came when she rubbed the match against the sand-paper2 and that the fire was not in the sand-paper1 nor in the match4 ,daughter4 ,yes1 mother1 but ,i did not see where it came from4 ,mother4 ,i am going to explain that to you1 my dear1 in the next lesson4 ,,footnote3 ,a ,this lesson1 together with the two following lessons1 is taken from a little book1 called ,juvenile ,philosophy1 published by ,messrs4 ,a4,s4 ,barnes ,co41 #ea ,john-street1 ,new ,york4 ,it consists of nine conversations1 between a little girl and her mother1 on the subjects1 ,rain1 ,color1 ,vision or ,sight1 the ,eye1 ,light1 ,fire1 ,heat and ,wind4 ,,lesson ,,xvii4 ,the same subject1 continued4 ,mother4 ,did you ever see a person rub his hands together1 when he was cold8 ,daughter4 ,o yes1 mother1 a great many times4 ,i have seen father come in from the cold1 and rub his hands together1 and afterwards hold them to the fire and rub them again1 and then they get warm4 ,mother4 ,and now1 ,caroline1 take your hand and rub it quickly backwards and forwards1 over that woolen table-cloth1 on the table in the corner of the room1 and tell me whether that will make your hand warm4 ,daughter4 ,o1 yes1 dear mother2 ,i feel it grow warmer1 the faster ,i rub it4 ,mother4 ,here are two small pieces of wood4 ,touch them to your cheek1 and tell me whether they feel warm now4 ,daughter4 ,they do not feel warm1 nor cold1 mother4 ,mother4 ,now rub them together quickly a little while1 and then touch them to your cheek4 ,illustration3 ,r ,daughter4 ,o1 dear1 mother6 they are so hot that they almost burnt my cheek4 ,mother4 ,yes1 ,caroline2 and do you not recollect1 when you read ,robinson ,crusoe1 that his man ,friday made a fire by rubbing two pieces of wood together8 ,daughter4 ,o1 yes1 dear mother2 and ,i have often wondered why ,alice could not light her lire and the lamp in the same manner1 without those matches1 which have so offensive a smell4 ,mother4 ,it is very hard work1 my dear1 to obtain fire by rubbing two pieces of wood together2 and it would take too long a time to do it4 ,the two pieces of wood would grow warm by a very little rubbing2 but in order to make them take fire1 they must be rubbed together a great while4 ,daughter4 ,but1 mother1 if it takes so long a time to get fire by rubbing two pieces of wood together1 why can ,alice set the match on fire so easily by rubbing it once on the sand-paper8 ,mother4 ,that is what ,i am about to explain to you1 my dear4 ,here1 take this piece of paper and hold it up to the lamp4 ,daughter4 ,it has taken fire1 mother4 ,illustration3 ,l ,mother4 ,now take this piece of pine wood1 and hold that up to the lamp in the same manner1 and see whether that will take fire too4 ,daughter4 ,yes1 mother1 it has taken fire2 but ,i had to hold it up to the lamp much longer than ,i did the paper4 ,mother4 ,now take this piece of hard wood1 and do the same with that4 ,daughter4 ,the hard wood takes longer still to catch fire1 mother4 ,mother4 ,yes1 my child4 ,and now ,i am going to make the hard wood take fire more quickly than the paper did4 ,daughter4 ,dear mother1 how can you do it8 ,mother4 ,i am going to show you1 my dear4 ,here is a small phial1 which contains something that looks like water4 ,it is spirits of turpentine4 ,i shall dip the point of the piece of hard wood into the phial1 and take up a little of the spirits of turpentine4 ,now1 ,caroline1 touch the point of the hard wood with the turpentine on it to the flame4 ,daughter4 ,why1 mother1 it caught fire as soon as ,i touched the flame with it6 ,mother4 ,yes1 certainly2 and you now see that some things1 like the spirits of turpentine and the paper1 take fire very readily1 and others take fire with more difficulty4 ,daughter4 ,yes1 mother2 but when ,alice drew the match across the sand-paper1 there was no flame nor fire to touch it to4 ,how1 then1 could it take fire8 ,mother4 ,hold this piece of paper up to the blaze of the lamp1 my dear1 but be careful not to touch the fire or flame of the lamp2 only hold it close to the blaze4 ,daughter4 ,why1 mother1 it has taken fire6 ,mother4 ,you see1 then1 that a thing will sometimes take fire when it does not touch the fire4 ,daughter4 ,yes1 mother2 but ,i do not understand where the fire comes from4 ,mother4 ,the fire comes from the heat1 my dear4 ,now1 you know that heat is produced by rubbing two things together2 and that some things1 like the spirits of turpentine1 take fire very easily1 or with very little heat2 and others1 like the hard wood1 require to be heated some time1--or1 in other words1 require much heat1--to make them take fire1 or to burn4 ,some things require only as much heat to make them take fire as can be obtained by rubbing them together very quickly1 like the wood which ,robinson ,crusoe's man ,friday used4 ,daughter4 ,but1 mother1 the match is made of wood1--why does that take fire so easily8 ,mother4 ,it is true1 ,caroline1 that the match is made of wood2 but it has something at the end of it1 which takes fire much more easily than the spirits of turpentine4 ,indeed1 so easily does it take fire1 that it requires only so much heat to set it on fire as can be obtained by drawing the match once across the sand-paper4 ,daughter4 ,but1 mother1 matches do not always take fire4 ,i have seen ,alice rub several across the sand-paper1 before she could set one on fire4 ,mother4 ,that is true1 and the reason of this is1 that the matches are not all well made4 ,now1 if ,i should take several pieces of hard wood and tie them together1 and dip their ends into the spirits of turpentine1 what would happen1 if the ends of some of the pieces did not touch the spirits of turpentine1 because ,i had not tied them together with their points all even8 ,daughter4 ,why1 mother1 some of them would take fire easily1 because the points had the spirits of turpentine on them2 while those which did not touch the spirits could not be lighted so easily4 ,mother4 ,so it is1 my dear1 with the matches4 ,they are all dipped into the substance which takes fire so easily2 but some of the ends do not reach the substance1 and do not become coated with it1 and therefore they will not light more easily than the pine wood of which they are made4 ,,lesson ,,xviii4 ,the same subject1 concluded4 ,daughter4 ,well1 mother1 ,i understand1 now1 how the match is set on fire4 ,it is rubbed on the sand-paper1 and that produces heat1 and the heat sets the match on fire4 ,but ,i always thought that fire makes heat1 and not that heat makes fire4 ,mother4 ,heat does not always make fire1 ,caroline2 for1 if it did1 everything would be on fire4 ,daughter4 ,everything on fire1 mother6 why1 what do you mean8 ,mother4 ,i mean1 my dear1 that everything contains heat4 ,daughter4 ,everything contains heat1 mother1 did you say8 ,why1 then1 is not everything warm8 ,some things1 mother1 are very cold2 as ice1 and snow1 and that marble slab4 ,mother4 ,yes1 my child1 everything contains heat1 as ,i shall presently show you4 ,when ,alice goes to make a fire in a cold day1 she does not carry the heat with her1 and put it into the fire1 nor into the wood1 nor the coal1 does she8 ,daughter4 ,why1 no1 to be sure not1 mother4 ,mother4 ,and the heat that comes from the fire1 after it is made1 does not come in at the windows1 nor down the chimney1 does it8 ,daughter4 ,why1 no1 mother2 it feels cold at the windows1 and cold air comes down the chimney4 ,mother4 ,but1 after the fire is made1 we feel much heat coming from the fire1 do we not8 ,daughter4 ,why1 yes1 mother2 that is what the fire is made for4 ,we feel cold1 and we want a fire to make us warm2 and when the fire is made1 it sends out heat1 and makes us warm4 ,mother4 ,well1 now1 where can the heat come from8 ,you know what fire is made from1 do you not8 ,daughter4 ,certainly1 mother2 the fire is made of wood1 or of coal4 ,mother4 ,but is the wood or the coal warm before the fire is made8 ,daughter4 ,no1 mother1 the wood and the coal come from the cold wood-house1 or the cellar1 and they are both very cold4 ,mother4 ,and yet1 the wood and the coal become very hot when they are on fire4 ,daughter4 ,o yes1 mother1 so hot that we cannot touch them with our hands1 and we have to take the shovel or the tongs to move them4 ,mother4 ,and do they burn the shovel and the tongs1 my dear8 ,daughter4 ,why1 no1 mother2 if they did1 the shovel and the tongs would be of little use in stirring the fire4 ,mother4 ,can you think of any reason why they do not burn the shovel and the tongs8 ,daughter4 ,you told me1 mother1 that some things require a very little heat to set them on fire1 and that other things require a great deal4 ,i suppose that there was not heat enough to set them on fire2 and if there had been1 they would not burn1 because they are made of iron4 ,mother4 ,you are partly right1 my dear1 and partly wrong4 ,they would not burn1 because there was not heat enough in the fire to burn them4 ,but there are very few things1 and in fact it may be doubted whether there is anything1 which will not burn1 when sufficient heat is applied4 ,but let us return to the fire3 you say the heat does not come from the windows nor from the chimney1 and you say1 also1 that the wood and the coal are both cold4 ,now1 where can the heat come from8 ,daughter4 ,i am sure ,i cannot tell1 mother2 will you please to tell me8 ,mother4 ,you recollect that ,i told you that the rubbing of the match on the sand-paper produces a little heat1 which caused the match to burn4 ,the match was then applied to the shavings1 and1 as it was burning1 gave out heat enough to set the shavings on fire2 the shavings produced heat enough to set the pine wood1 or kindling1 on fire1 and then the pine wood1 or kindling1 produced more heat1 and set the wood and coal on fire4 ,now1 there was nothing to produce the heat but the match1 the shavings1 the wood and the coal2 and the heat must have been in them4 ,the fire only served to set it free1 and let it come out of the match1 the wood1 and the coal4 ,daughter4 ,but1 mother1 how did the heat get into the wood and coal8 ,mother4 ,it is not known1 my dear1 how the heat got into the wood and coal1 any more than how the fruit gets on to a tree4 ,we say that it grows on the tree2 but what growing is1 and how it is caused1 are among the secrets of ,god4 ,daughter4 ,if the heat is in the wood and the coal1 mother1 why do we not feel it in them8 ,they both feel cold4 ,i cannot perceive any heat in them4 ,mother4 ,the heat is in the wood and the coal1 although you do not see it4 ,do you see any smoke in the wood and the coal1 my dear8 ,daughter4 ,no1 mother1 ,i do not4 ,mother4 ,did you never see a stick of wood fall on the hearth from the kitchen fire1 and see the smoke coming from it8 ,illustration ,daughter4 ,o yes1 mother1 very often2 and the smoke goes all over the room1 and into my eyes1 and makes the tears come into my eyes4 ,mother4 ,and can you see the smoke in the wood before the wood is put on the fire8 ,daughter4 ,no1 mother1 ,i am sure ,i cannot4 ,mother4 ,but you are sure that the smoke comes from the wood1 are you not8 ,daughter4 ,o yes1 mother2 ,i see it coming right out of the wood4 ,mother4 ,then1 my dear1 ,i suppose you know that if there is something in the wood and coal1 which you call smoke1 although you cannot see it until it comes out1 you can easily conceive how another thing1 which we call heat1 can be in the wood and coal1 which we cannot perceive until it is made to come out4 ,daughter4 ,o yes1 mother2 how wonderful it is6 ,mother4 ,yes1 my dear1 all the works of ,god are wonderful2 and what is very surprising is1 that many of his most wonderful works are so common1 so continually before our eyes1 that we do not deem them wonderful until we have been made to think much about them1 by talking about them1 as you and ,i have talked about the rain1 and the clouds1 and light1 and its colors4 ,daughter4 ,i have been thinking1 mother1 about ,alice and the fire4 ,you told me that the fire did not make the heat1 any more than ,i make the little mouse or the bird when ,i open the cage door and let them out4 ,i see now how it is4 ,alice brings the wood and the coal into the kitchen fireplace1 and the match lets the heat out of the shavings1 and the shavings let it out of the wood and the coal1 until we get heat enough to make us warm4 ,mother4 ,yes1 my dear2 and there is no more heat in the room after the fire is made than there was before1--only1 before the fire was made1 the heat was hid1 and we could not perceive it2 but when the fire is made1 it makes the heat come out1 and makes it free1 just as ,i make the little bird free1 by opening his cage door4 ,,lesson ,,xix4 ,the ,lark and her ,young ,ones4--,altered from ,,sop4 #a4 ,a lark having built her nest in a corn-field1 the corn grew ripe before the young ones were able to fly4 ,fearing that the reapers would come to cut down the corn before she had provided a safe place for her little ones1 she directed them every day1 when she went out to obtain their food1 to listen to what the farmers should say about reaping the corn4 #b4 ,the little birds promised their mother that they would listen very attentively1 and inform her of every word they should hear4 #c4 ,she then went abroad2 and on her return1 the little birds said to their mother1 ,mother1 you must take us away from here2 for while you were gone we heard the farmer tell his sons to go and ask some of his neighbors to come to-morrow morning early1 and help them cut down the corn4 #d4 ,is that what he said8 asked their mother4 ,yes1 mother1 said the little birds2 and we are very much afraid that you cannot find a safe place for us before the farmer and his neighbors begin to cut down the corn4 #e4 ,do not be afraid1 my children1 said the lark2 if the former depends on his neighbors to do his work for him1 we shall be safe where we are4 ,so lie down in the nest1 and give yourselves no uneasiness4 #f4 ,the next day1 when the mother went out for food1 she directed the little ones again to listen1 and to tell her all that they should hear4 #g4 ,in the evening1 when she returned1 the little ones told her that the farmer's neighbors did not come to assist him on that day2 and that the farmer had told his sons to go and request his friends and relations to come and assist him to cut down the corn1 early in the next day morning4 #h4 ,i think1 my children1 said the lark1 we shall still be safe here2 and we will1 therefore1 feel no anxiety or concern to-night4 #i4 ,on the third day1 the mother again charged the young larks to give her a faithful report of what was done and said1 while she was absent4 #aj4 ,when the old lark returned that evening1 the little larks told her that the farmer had been there1 with his sons1 early in the morning2 but1 as his friends and relations had not come to assist him1 he had directed his sons to bring some sharp sickles early in the next morning1 and that1 with their assistance1 he should reap the corn himself4 #aa4 ,ah6 said the mother1 did he say so8 ,then it is time for us to prepare to be gone2 for when a man begins to think seriously of doing his work himself1 there is some prospect that it will be done2 but if he depends on his friends1 his neighbors1 or his relations1 no one can tell when his work will be done4 #ab4 ,now1 this little story is called a ,fable4 ,it cannot be true1 because birds do not and cannot speak4 #ac4 ,but1 although it is not true1 it is a very useful little story1 because it teaches us a valuable lesson3 and that is1 that it is best to do our own work ourselves1 rather than to depend upon others to do it for us2 for1 if we depend upon them1 they may disappoint us1 but whatever we determine to do for ourselves1 we can easily accomplish1 if we go right to work about it4 ,,lesson ,,xx4 ,dogs4--,,original4 #a4 ,i never knew a little boy that was not fond of a dog1 and ,i have never seen many dogs which were not fond of little children4 #b4 ,it is not safe for little children to touch every strange dog that they see1 because some dogs are naturally rather cross1 and may possibly bite any one who touches them1 when they do not know the persons4 #c4 ,but when a dog knows any one1 and sees that his master is fond of that person1 he will let such a person play with him4 ,he is always pleased with any attentions that his master's friends bestow on him4 #d4 ,large dogs are generally more gentle than small ones1 and seldom bark so much as the little ones do4 ,they are also more easily taught to carry bundles and baskets1 and draw little carriages for children to ride in4 #e4 ,some people are very much afraid of dogs1 because they sometimes run mad4 ,the bite of a mad dog produces a very dreadful disease1 called ,hydropho'bia4 #f4 ,this is a long and hard word1 and means a fear of water4 ,it is called by that name because the person who has the disease cannot bear to touch or to see water4 #g4 ,dogs that are mad cannot bear to see water4 ,they run from it with dreadful cries1 and seem to be in very great distress4 #h4 ,whenever1 therefore1 a dog will drink water1 it is a pretty sure sign that he is not mad4 #i4 ,this dreadful disease very seldom affects dogs that are properly supplied with water4 #aj4 ,dogs require a great deal of water4 ,they do not always want much at a time1 and it is seldom that they drink much4 ,but whoever keeps a dog ought always to keep water in such a place that the dog may go to it to drink1 whenever he requires it4 #aa4 ,a dog is a very affectionate animal1 and he will permit his master1 and his master's children and friends1 to do a great many things to him1 which he would perhaps bite others for doing4 #ab4 ,there are many very interesting stories told of dogs1 which show their love and fidelity to their masters1 which you can read in a book called ,anecdotes of ,dogs4 #ac4 ,but there are a few little stories about dogs that ,i know1 which ,i will tell you1 that are not contained in that book4 ,i know these stories to be true4 #ad4 ,my son had a dog1 whose name was ,guido4 ,he was very fond of playing in the street with the boys1 early in the morning1 before they went to school4 #ae4 ,guido was always very impatient to get out into the street in the morning1 to join the boys in their sports2 and all the boys in the street were very fond of him4 #af4 ,he used to wake very early1 and go into the parlor1 and seat himself in a chair by the window1 to look out for the boys2 and as soon as he saw a boy in the street1 he would cry and whine until the servant opened the door for him to go out4 #ag4 ,one very cold morning1 when the frost was on the glass1 so that he could not see out into the street1 he applied his warm tongue to the glass1 and licking from it the frost1 attempted to look out4 #ah4 ,but the spot which he had made clear being only large enough to admit one of his eyes1 he immediately made another1 just like it1 in the same manner1 for the other eye1 by which he was enabled to enjoy the sight as usual4 ,in the next lesson1 ,i will tell you some other little stories of ,guido1 and another dog1 whose name was ,don1 that belonged to my daughter4 ,,lesson ,,xxi4 ,the same subject1 concluded4 #a4 ,one day ,i went to take a walk1 with a friend of mine1 in the country2 and ,don1 the dog ,i mentioned in the last lesson1 followed us4 #b4 ,we walked to a little grove about a mile from my house1 to see the grave of a beautiful little child1 that was buried on the summit of a little hill1 covered with pines1 spruce and other evergreens4 #c4 ,while we were admiring the beauty of the spot1 ,don was running about the grove2 and ,i completely lost sight of him1 and supposed that he had returned home4 #d4 ,but presently ,i saw him at a distance1 barking up a tree at a squirrel that had escaped from him4 #e4 ,as ,i turned to go home1 ,i said to my friend1 ,you see ,don is away1 and does not see me4 ,i am going to drop my handkerchief here1 and send him after it4 #f4 ,we had got half way home1 when presently ,don came bounding along1 and very shortly came up to us4 #g4 ,as soon as he came up to me1 ,i stopped1 and feeling in my coat-pocket1 said to him1--,don1 ,i have lost my pocket-handkerchief1--go find it4 #h4 ,i had scarcely uttered the words before he was off4 ,he was gone only two or three minutes1 and then1 returning with my handkerchief in his mouth1 he dropped it at my feet4 #i4 ,guido1 the other dog1 was very fond of going into the water himself2 but he never would allow any one else to go in4 #aj4 ,the reason was this4 ,my little son ,george was one day looking over into the water1 to watch the eels that were gliding through the water below1 and losing his balance1 he fell into the water4 #aa4 ,no one was near except ,guido1 and he immediately jumped in after ,george1 and1 with great labor1 brought him on shore1 and saved him from drowning4 #ab4 ,ever since that time1 ,guido has been very unwilling to let any one go near the water4 ,it seemed as if he had reasoned about it1 and said to himself1 ,it is hard work to drag a boy out of the water1 but it is much easier to keep him from going in4 #ac4 ,guido was not a very large dog4 ,he was of the breed1 or kind1 named ,spaniel2 so called because that kind of dog originally came from ,hispaniola4 ,he had long ears1 curling hair1 a long bushy tail1 and webbed feet1 like all dogs that are fond of the water4 #ad4 ,webbed feet are those in which the toes are not separated1 but seem to be joined together by a thin substance1 like thick skin1 which enables them to swim more easily4 #ae4 ,don was a very large dog1 of the ,newfoundland species1 a kind which is remarkable for its beauty and intelligence4 ,,lesson ,,xxii4 ,frogs and ,toads4--,,bigland4 #a4 ,frogs and toads resemble one another in figure1 but custom and prejudice have taught us to make a very different estimate of their properties3 the first is considered as perfectly harmless1 while the latter is supposed to be poisonous4 #b4 ,in this respect1 the toad has been treated with great injustice3 it is a torpid1 harmless animal1 that passes the greatest part of the winter in sleep4 #c4 ,astonishing stories have been told of toads found in the center of solid blocks of stone1 and other similar situations1 without the least trace of the way by which they entered1 and without any possibility of their finding any kind of nutriment4 #d4 ,toads1 as well as frogs1 are of a variety of species2 and in the tropical climates they grow to an enormous size4 ,it is very probable that they contribute to clear both the land and the water of many noxious reptiles of a diminutive size1 which might prove exceedingly hurtful to man4 #e4 ,the toad1 however1 is one of the most inoffensive of all animals4 ,we have even heard that it has sometimes been successfully applied for the cure of the cancer1 the most dreadful1 and one of the most fatal1 of human evils4 #f4 ,mr4 ,pennant has related some interesting particulars respecting a toad which was perfectly domesticated1 and continued in the same spot for upwards of thirty-six years4 #g4 ,it frequented the steps before the hall-door of a gentleman's house in ,devonshire2 and1 from receiving a regular supply of food1 it became so tame as always to crawl out of its hole in an evening1 when a candle was brought1 and look up1 as if expecting to be carried into the house4 #h4 ,a reptile so generally detested being taken into favor1 excited the curiosity of every visitant2 and even ladies so far conquered their natural horror and disgust as to request to see it fed4 ,it seemed particularly fond of flesh maggots1 which were kept for it in bran4 #i4 ,when these were laid upon a table1 it would follow them1 and1 at a certain distance1 would fix its eyes and remain motionless for a little while1 as if preparing for the stroke1 which was always instantaneous4 #aj4 ,it threw out its tongue to a great distance1 when the insect stuck by the glutinous matter to its lip1 and was swallowed with inconceivable quickness4 #aa4 ,after living under the protection of its benefactor upwards of thirty-six years1 it was one day attacked by a tame raven1 which wounded it so severely that it died shortly afterward4 #ab4 ,the erroneous opinion of toads containing and ejecting poison has caused many cruelties to be exercised upon this harmless1 and undoubtedly useful tribe4 ,toads have been inhumanly treated1 merely because they are ugly2 and frogs have been abused1 because they are like them4 #ac4 ,but1 we are to observe1 that our ideas of beauty and deformity1 of which some arise from natural antipathies implanted in us for wise and good purposes1 and others from custom and caprice1 are of a relative nature1 and peculiar to ourselves4 #ad4 ,none of these relative distinctions1 of great and small1 beautiful or ugly1 exist in the all-comprising view of the ,creator of the universe3 in his eyes1 the toad is as pleasing an object as the canary-bird1 or the bulfinch4 ,,lesson ,,xxiii4 ,maida1 the ,scotch ,greyhound4--,altered from ,,bingley4 ,illustration #a4 ,a hound is a dog with long1 smooth1 hanging ears1 and long limbs1 that enable him to run very swiftly4 ,the greyhound is not so called on account of his color1 but from a word which denotes his ,grecian origin4 #b4 ,the ,scotch greyhound is a larger and more powerful animal than the common greyhound2 and its hair1 instead of being sleek and smooth1 is long1 stiff and bristly4 ,it can endure great fatigue4 #c4 ,it was this dog that the ,highland chieftains1 in ,scotland1 used in former times1 in their grand hunting-parties4 #d4 ,sir ,walter ,scott had a very fine dog of this kind1 which was given to him by his friend ,macdonnel of ,glengarry1 the chief of one of the ,highland clans4 ,his name was ,maida4 #e4 ,he was one of the finest dogs of the kind ever seen in ,scotland1 not only on account of his beauty and dignified appearance1 but also from his extraordinary size and strength4 #f4 ,he was so remarkable in his appearance1 that whenever his master brought him to the city of ,edinburgh1 great crowds of people collected together to see him4 #g4 ,when ,sir ,walter happened to travel through a strange town1 ,maida was usually surrounded by crowds of people1 whose curiosity he indulged with great patience1 until it began to be troublesome1 and then he gave a single short bark1 as a signal that they must trouble him no more4 #h4 ,nothing could exceed the fidelity1 obedience and attachment1 of this dog to his master1 whom he seldom quitted1 and on whom he was a constant attendant1 when traveling4 #i4 ,maida was a remarkably high-spirited and beautiful dog1 with long black ears1 cheeks1 back1 and sides4 ,the tip of his tail was white4 ,his muzzle1 neck1 throat1 breast1 belly and legs1 were also white4 #aj4 ,the hair on his whole body and limbs was rough and shaggy1 and particularly so on the neck1 throat1 and breast3 that on the ridge of the neck he used to raise1 like a lion's mane1 when excited to anger4 #aa4 ,his disposition was gentle and peaceable1 both to men and animals2 but he showed marked symptoms of anger to ill-dressed or blackguard-looking people1 whom he always regarded with a suspicious eye1 and whose motions he watched with the most scrupulous jealousy4 #ab4 ,this fine dog probably brought on himself premature old age1 by the excessive fatigue and exercise to which his natural ardor incited him2 for he had the greatest pleasure in accompanying the common greyhounds2 and although1 from his great size and strength1 he was not at all adapted for coursing1 he not unfrequently turned and even ran down hares4 #ac4 ,sir ,walter used to give an amusing account of an incident which befell ,maida in one of his chases4 ,i was once riding over a field on which the reapers were at work1 the stooks1 or bundles of grain1 being placed behind them1 as is usual4 #ad4 ,maida1 having found a hare1 began to chase her1 to the great amusement of the spectators1 as the hare turned very often and very swiftly among the stooks4 ,at length1 being hard pressed1 she fairly bolted into one of them4 #ae4 ,maida went in headlong after her1 and the stook began to be much agitated in various directions2 at length the sheaves tumbled down1 and the hare and the dog1 terrified alike at their overthrow1 ran different ways1 to the great amusement of the spectators4 #af4 ,among several peculiarities which ,maida possessed1 one was a strong aversion to artists1 arising from the frequent restraints he was subjected to in having his portrait taken1 on account of his majestic appearance4 #ag4 ,the instant he saw a pencil and paper produced1 he prepared to beat a retreat2 and1 if forced to remain1 he exhibited the strongest marks of displeasure4 #ah4 ,maida's bark was deep and hollow4 ,sometimes he amused himself with howling in a very tiresome way4 ,when he was very fond of his friends1 he used to grin1 tucking up his whole lips and showing all his teeth2 but this was only when he was particularly disposed to recommend himself4 #ai4 ,maida lies buried at the gate of ,abbotsford1 ,sir ,walter's country seat1 which he long protected2 a grave-stone is placed over him1 on which is carved the figure of a dog4 ,it bears the following inscription1 as it was translated by ,sir ,walter3 ,beneath the sculptured form which late you wore1 ,sleep soundly1 ,maida1 at your master's door4 ,,lesson ,,xxiv4 ,gelert4--,,bingley1 altered4 #a4 ,i have one more story to tell you about the ,highland greyhound4 ,it is an old ,welsh story1 and shows how extremely dangerous it is to indulge in anger and resentment4 #b4 ,in a village at the foot of ,snowden1 a mountain in ,wales1 there is a tradition that ,llewellyn 7pronounced ,lewellin71 son-in-law to ,king ,john1 had a residence in that neighborhood4 #c4 ,the king1 it is said1 had presented him with one of the finest greyhounds in ,england1 named ,gelert4 ,in the year #abje1 ,llewellyn1 one day1 on going out to hunt1 called all his dogs together2 but his favorite greyhound was missing1 and nowhere to be found4 #d4 ,he blew his horn as a signal for the chase1 and still ,gelert came not4 ,llewellyn was much disconcerted at the heedlessness of his favorite1 but at length pursued the chase without him4 ,for want of ,gelert1 the sport was limited2 and getting tired1 ,llewellyn returned home at an early hour1 when the first object that presented itself to him1 at his castle gate1 was ,gelert1 who bounded1 with his usual transport1 to meet his master1 having his lips besmeared with blood4 #e4 ,llewellyn gazed with surprise at the unusual appearance of his dog4 ,on going into the apartment where he had left his infant son and heir asleep1 he found the bed-clothes all in confusion1 the cover rent1 and stained with blood4 #f4 ,he called on his child1 but no answer was made1 from which he hastily concluded that the dog must have devoured him2 and1 giving vent to his rage1 plunged his sword to the hilt in ,gelert's side4 #g4 ,the noble animal fell at his feet1 uttering a dying yell1 which awoke the infant1 who was sleeping beneath a mingled heap of the bed-clothes1 while beneath the bed lay a great wolf covered with gore1 which the faithful and gallant hound had destroyed4 #h4 ,llewellyn1 smitten with sorrow and remorse for the rash and frantic deed which had deprived him of so faithful an animal1 caused an elegant marble monument1 with an appropriate inscription1 to be erected over the spot where ,gelert was buried1 to commemorate his fidelity and unhappy fate4 ,the place1 to this day1 is called ,beth-,gelert1 or ,the ,grave of the ,greyhound4 ,,lesson ,,xxv4 ,knock ,again4--,,child',s ,,companion4 #a4 ,i remember having been sent1 when ,i was a very little boy1 with a message from my father to a particular friend of his1 who resided in the suburbs of the town in which my parents then lived4 #b4 ,this gentleman occupied an old-fashioned house1 the door of which was approached by a broad flight of stone steps of a semi-circular form4 ,the brass knocker was an object of much interest to me1 in those days2 for the whim of the maker had led him to give it the shape of an elephant's head1 the trunk of the animal being the movable portion4 #c4 ,away1 then1 ,i scampered1 in great haste2 and having reached the house1 ran up the stone steps as usual2 and1 seizing the elephant's trunk1 made the house recho to my knocking4 ,no answer was returned4 #d4 ,at this my astonishment was considerable1 as the servants1 in the times ,i write of1 were more alert and attentive than they are at present4 ,however1 ,i knocked a second time4 ,still no one came4 #e4 ,at this ,i was much more surprised4 ,i looked at the house4 ,it presented no appearance of a desertion4 ,some of the windows were open to admit the fresh air1 for it was summer2 others of them were closed4 ,but all had the aspect of an inhabited dwelling4 #f4 ,i was greatly perplexed2 and looked around1 to see if any one was near who could advise me how to act4 ,immediately a venerable old gentleman1 whom ,i had never seen before1 came across the way1 and1 looking kindly in my face1 advised me to knock again4 #g4 ,i did so without a moment's hesitation1 and presently the door was opened1 so that ,i had an opportunity of delivering my message4 ,i afterward learned that the servants had been engaged in removing a heavy piece of furniture from one part of the house to the other2 an operation which required their united strength1 and prevented them from opening the door4 ,,lesson ,,xxvi4 ,the same subject1 continued4 #a4 ,as ,i was tripping lightly homeward1 ,i passed the kind old gentleman1 about half way down the street4 ,he took me gently by the arm2 and1 retaining his hold1 began to address me thus1 as we walked on together3 #b4 ,the incident1 my little friend1 which has just occurred1 may be of some use to you in after life1 if it be suitably improved4 ,young people are usually very enthusiastic in all their undertakings1 and in the same proportion are very easily discouraged4 #c4 ,learn1 then1 from what has taken place this morning1 to persevere in the business which you have commenced1 provided it be laudable in itself2 and1 ten to one1 you will succeed4 ,if you do not at first obtain what you aim at1 knock again4 ,a door may be opened when you least expect it4 #d4 ,in entering on the practice of a profession1 engaging in trade1 or what is usually called settling in the world1 young people often meet with great disappointments4 #e4 ,friends1 whom they naturally expected to employ them1 not unfrequently prefer others in the same line2 and even professors of religion do not seem to consider it a duty to promote the temporal interest of their brethren in the ,lord4 #f4 ,nevertheless1 industry1 sobriety1 and patience1 are usually accompanied by the ,divine blessing4 ,should you therefore1 my little friend1 ever experience disappointments of this kind1 think of the brass knocker2 knock again2 be sober1 be diligent1 and your labors will be blessed4 #g4 ,in the pursuit of philosophy many difficulties are encountered4 ,these the student must expect to meet2 but he must not relinquish the investigation of truth1 because it seems to elude his search4 ,he may knock at the gate of science1 and apparently without being heard4 ,but let him knock again1 and he will find an entrance4 ,,lesson ,,xxvii4 ,the same subject1 concluded4 #a4 ,do you ever pray to ,god8 ,i hope and trust you do4 ,god commands and encourages us to pray to him4 ,but he does not always answer our prayers at the time1 or in the way1 we expect4 #b4 ,what then8 ,we know that he hears them4 ,we know that he is a gracious ,god1 a reconciled ,father in ,christ4 ,let us knock again4 ,let us ask in faith1 and1 if what we ask be pleasing in his sight1 he will grant it in his own good time4 #c4 ,you know who it was that said1 ',ask1 and it shall be given you2 seek1 and ye shall find2 knock1 and it shall be opened unto you3 for every one that asketh1 receiveth2 and he that seeketh1 findeth2 and to him that knocketh1 it shall be opened4' #d4 ,once more3 our progress in the ,divine life1 even after we have wholly given ourselves to the ,lord1 does not always equal our wishes or expectations4 ,we find much indwelling sin1 much remaining corruption1 to struggle with4 #e4 ,but let us not despond4 ,the grace of our ,lord is sufficient for us1 and his strength is made perfect in our weakness4 ,let us knock again4 #f4 ,let us continue1 with humble confidence1 to do what we know to be pleasing in our ,master's sight4 ,let us work out our own salvation1 with fear and trembling2 for it is ,god that worketh in us both to will and to do of his good pleasure4 #g4 ,we had now reached the gate of my father's garden2 and the good old gentleman1 taking me kindly by the hand1 bid me try to remember what he had said4 ,he then went his way1 and ,i saw him no more4 #h4 ,i afterward endeavored to find out who he was2 but ,i did not succeed4 ,his advice1 however1 sunk deep into my mind1 and has often been of singular value to me since4 #i4 ,my disposition is naturally sanguine1 and my disappointments proportionably acute4 ,but1 upon calling to mind the old mansion1 the brass knocker1 and my venerable counselor1 ,i have frequently been led to knock again1 when ,i might otherwise have sat down in despondency4 #aj4 ,i hope that many of my readers will derive similar benefit from the perusal of this little history2 for the sole end of its publication will be answered1 if the young persons under whose eyes it may come be induced1 at every season of doubt and perplexity1 in the exercise of simple confidence in ,god1 to knock again4 ,,lesson ,,xxviii ,make ,good ,use of your ,time4--,,emma ,c4 ,,embury4 ,illustration3 ,to everything there is a season1 and a time for every purpose under heaven4 #a4 ,my dear ,anna1 said ,mrs4 ,elmore1 as she bade her little girl farewell1 ,i shall be absent ten days2 and as you have already had so many lessons from me respecting the manner of distributing your hours of amusement and study1 ,i will only say to you1 now1 ',make good use of your time4' #b4 ,anna's eyes filled with tears as the carriage drove off1 and she felt very lonely when she returned to the parlor without her mother4 ,she thought over her mother's parting words1 until she felt quite proud of the confidence reposed in her1 and resolved not to abuse it by neglect4 #c4 ,she accordingly took her books and sat down to her studies1 as attentively as if her mother had been waiting to hear her recitation4 #d4 ,anna was an affectionate1 intelligent child4 ,she would have made any sacrifices to please her mother1 and she really loved her studies2 but her one great fault was a disposition to loiter away time4 #e4 ,this her mother well knew2 and after trying admonition1 until she almost feared she was increasing the evil by allowing ,anna to depend too much upon her guidance1 she determined to test the effect of leaving her to her own responsibility4 #f4 ,for an hour after her mother's departure1 ,anna sat in close attention to her studies4 ,all at once1 she started up4 ,i am so hungry1 said she1 ,i must go to ,betty for some luncheon2--but stop--,i will finish my exercise first4 #g4 ,she wrote a line or two2 then throwing down her pen1 petulantly exclaimed1 ,there6 ,i have made two mistakes1 because ,i was in such a hurry2--,i will not finish it till ,i come back4 #h4 ,so away ran the little girl to her old nurse1 and the next half-hour was spent in satisfying her hunger4 ,as she was returning1 with laggard step1 she happened to spy1 from the window1 a beautiful butterfly fluttering about the rose-bushes in the garden2 and1 quite forgetting her unfinished exercise1 away she flew in chase of the butterfly4 #i4 ,but1 agile as were her movements1 the insect was too nimble for her2 and after an hour's race beneath the burning sun1 she returned1 flushed and overheated1 without having succeeded in its capture4 #aj4 ,again she applied herself to her books2 but study was not so easy now as it would have been a little earlier4 ,anna was too tired to apply her mind to her lessons2 and after loitering a while over her desk1 she threw herself on the sofa1 and fell into a sound sleep1 from which she was only awakened by a summons to dinner4 #aa4 ,after dinner1 ,betty proposed taking her out to walk2 and though conscious that she had not performed half her duties1 she had not resolution enough to refuse to go4 ,tying on her bonnet1 she took a little basket on her arm1 and set out with ,betty to gather wild-flowers4 #ab4 ,when they reached the woods1 ,betty sought out a mossy seat under an old tree1 and1 taking her work from her pocket1 began to sew as industriously as if she had been at home4 #ac4 ,o ,betty6 exclaimed ,anna1 how can you sit and sew1 when there are so many pleasant sights and sounds around you8 #ad4 ,i can hear the pleasant sounds1 my child1 without looking round to see where they come from1 replied ,betty2 and as for the pretty sights1 though ,i can enjoy them as much as any one1 ,i cannot neglect my work for them4 #ae4 ,i promised your mother to have these shirts finished when she came home1 and ,i mean to do so4--,dear me6 said the little girl1 ,i wish ,i had brought my book1 and ,i might have studied my lesson here4 #af4 ,no1 no1 ,anna1 said the old woman2 little girls can't study in the woods1 with the birds singing and the grasshoppers chirping around them4 ,better attend to your books in-doors4 #ag4 ,betty continued her sewing2 and towards sunset1 when they arose to return1 she had stitched a collar and a pair of wristbands1 while ,anna had filled her basket with flowers4 #ah4 ,as they approached the village1 ,betty called at a poor cottage1 to inquire after a sick child1 and ,anna was shocked at the poverty and wretchedness of the inmates4 ,the little children were only half clothed1 their faces were covered with dirt1 and their rough locks seemed to bid defiance to the comb4 #ai4 ,pitying the condition of the poor little girls1 ,anna determined to provide them with some better clothing2 and she returned home full of benevolent projects4 #bj4 ,the next morning1 as soon as she rose1 she began to look over her wardrobe2 and selecting three frocks which she had outgrown1 she carried them to ,betty1 to alter for ,mrs4 ,wilson's children4 #ba4 ,i shall do no such thing1 said ,betty2 ,mrs4 ,wilson's children are not suffering for clothes2 the weather is warm1 and they are as well clad as they will be the day after they are dressed up in your finery4 #bb4 ,mrs4 ,wilson is an untidy1 slovenly woman2 and though your mother charged me to look after her sick baby1 she did not tell me to furnish new clothes for the other dirty little brats6 #bc4 ,well1 ,betty1 if you don't choose to do it1 ,i'll try it myself4--,pretty work you'll make of it1 to be sure6 you will just cut the frocks to pieces1 and then they will fit nobody4 #bd4 ,well1 ,i am determined to fix them for those poor little ragged children1 said ,anna2 and if you will not help me1 ,i will get ,kitty the chambermaid to do it4 ,,lesson ,,xxix4 ,the same subject1 continued4 #a4 ,anna found a very good assistant in the warm-hearted1 thoughtless ,irish girl4 ,kitty cut out the frocks1 and ,anna sat herself down to make them4 #b4 ,she found it rather tedious work1 and1 if she had not been afraid of ,betty's ridicule1 she would have been tempted to throw her task aside2 but as ,kitty promised to help her1 as soon as her household duties were completed1 ,anna determined to persevere4 #c4 ,when night came1 she had finished one frock1 and begun another2 so she went to bed quite happy1 forgetting that1 in her benevolent zeal1 she had neglected her studies and her music1 as well as her mother's plants and her own ,canary-bird4 #d4 ,the next day1 she again went to work at the frocks1 and1 with ,kitty's assistance1 they were completed before tea-time4 ,never was a child happier than ,anna1 when she saw the three little frocks spread out upon the bed4 #e4 ,a degree of self-satisfaction was mingled with her benevolence1 and she began to think how pleased her mother would be to learn how hard she had worked in the cause of charity4 ,she ran off for ,betty to take her down to ,mrs4 ,wilson's cottage2 but she found ,betty in no humor to gratify her4 #f4 ,i'll have nothing to do with it6 said the old woman4 ,kitty helped you to spoil your pretty frocks1 and she may help you dress the dirty children2--they will look fine1 to be sure1 in your ,french calico dresses6 #g4 ,anna was too happy to mind ,betty's scolding2 so away she flew to find ,kitty1 and they set off together for ,mrs4 ,wilson's cottage4 ,when they arrived there1 they found the children by the edge of the pond making dirt pies1 while their faces and hands bore testimony to their industry4 #h4 ,kitty stripped and washed them1 though nothing but the bribe of a new frock could have induced them to submit to so unusual an operation4 ,anna almost danced with pleasure1 when she beheld their clean faces1 well-combed locks1 and new dresses4 ,illustration #i4 ,her mother had now been three days gone1 and ,anna felt that she had not quite fulfilled her trust4 ,but she satisfied herself with the thought that two days had been devoted to a charitable purpose1 and she was sure her mother would think that she had made good use of that portion of her time4 #aj4 ,the fourth day1 she determined to make amends for past neglect1 by studying double lessons4 ,she went to her room and locked the door1 resolving to perform all her duties on that day1 at least4 #aa4 ,she had scarcely commenced her studies1 however1 when she recollected that she had not watered her mother's plants since she had been gone4 ,she threw down her books1 and running into the garden1 sought her little watering-pot2 but it was not to be found4 #ab4 ,she was sure she had put it either in the summer-house1 or the tool-house1 or under the piazza1 or somewhere4 ,after spending half an hour in search of it1 she remembered that she had left it under the great elm-tree1 in the field4 #ac4 ,by this time1 the sun was shining with full vigor upon the delicate plants2 and1 forgetting her mother's caution to water them only in the shade1 she overwhelmed the parched leaves with a deluge of water1 and went off quite content4 #ad4 ,she then thought of her bird2 and on examining his cage1 found that he could reach neither the seed nor the water4 ,so she replenished his cups1 decorated his cage with fresh chickweed1 treated him to a lump of sugar1 and played with him until she had loitered away the best part of the morning4 #ae4 ,immediately after dinner1 a little friend came to see her1 and the rest of the day was consumed in dressing dolls1 or arranging her baby-house4 ,,lesson ,,xxx4 ,the same subject1 concluded4 #a4 ,on the fifth day1 she summoned courage enough to persevere1 and actually performed every task with attention4 #b4 ,in the afternoon1 ,betty took her out to walk1 and ,anna coaxed her into a visit to ,mrs4 ,wilson's cottage4 ,what was her indignation1 as she approached the house1 to see the children again playing on the margin of the duck-pond6 #c4 ,as soon as they saw her1 they ran to hide themselves1 but not until she had observed that their new frocks were as dirty1 and almost as ragged1 as the old ones4 ,betty did not fail to make ,anna fully sensible of her own superior wisdom4 #d4 ,i told you so1 child1 said she2 ,i told you it was all nonsense to try to dress up those dirty creatures2 much good you have done1 to be sure6 ,anna almost cried with vexation1 as she thought of all the time and labor she had wasted upon her benevolent task1 and she walked home with a heavy heart4 #e4 ,the next morning1 she had scarcely risen from the breakfast-table1 when ,kitty came to show her a beautiful little ship1 which1 her brother1 who was a sailor1 had made for her1 as a token of remembrance4 ,illustration #f4 ,anna was delighted with it2 nothing could be more beautiful than its graceful form1 its delicate rigging and snowy sails4 ,she begged to have it set on her table1 that she might see it while she was studying1 and the good-natured ,kitty left it with her4 #g4 ,but in vain the heedless child tried to study2 her eyes and thoughts wandered perpetually to the pretty toy before her4 ,how ,i should like to see it sail6 said she to herself4 ,the more she looked at it1 the more anxious she became to see it in the water4 #h4 ,at length1 taking it carefully up1 she stole down stairs1 and hurried across the garden to a little brook in the adjacent field4 ,here she launched her tiny bark2 but it had scarcely touched the water1 when it turned over on its side4 ,she then recollected that she had once heard her father speak of the manner of ballasting a ship2 so she hastened to gather a quantity of small stones1 with which she filled the little cabin4 #i4 ,again she intrusted her ship to the crystal streamlet2 but1 alas6 the weight of the stones carried it straight to the bottom4 ,there it lay in the pebbly channel1 with the clear waters rippling above it1 and the little girl stood aghast upon the brink4 #aj4 ,she bared her arm1 and attempted to reach it1 but without success4 ,at length1 while making a desperate effort to regain it1 she lost her balance1 and fell into the water4 #aa4 ,fortunately1 the water was not deep1 and she soon scrambled out again2 but she was thoroughly wet1 and1 having been very warm before the accident1 she was now chilled to the heart4 #ab4 ,grasping the little ship1 the cause of all the mischief1 she hurried home1 and creeping softly into the kitchen1 sought her friend ,kitty1 to screen her from ,betty's anger4 ,by this time she was shivering with a violent ague1 and ,kitty carried her immediately to ,betty4 #ac4 ,poor ,anna6 she was now obliged to be put to bed1 and to take some of ,betty's bitter herb tea1 seasoned too with scolding1 and all kinds of evil predictions4 ,she felt very unhappy1 and cried sadly2 but repentance1 in this case1 came too late4 #ad4 ,her head began to ache dreadfully2 her skin was parched with fever1 and before the next morning she was very ill4 ,she had taken a violent cold1 which brought on an attack of scarlet fever2 and when ,mrs4 ,elmore returned1 she found her little daughter stretched on a bed of sickness4 #ae4 ,how did that fond mother tremble1 as she watched by the bedside of her darling child1 uncertain whether she would ever again lift up her head from her uneasy pillow6 #af4 ,anna did not know her mother in the delirium of fever1 and her melancholy cry of ,mother6 mother6 come back6--,i will never be so bad again6 wrung ,mrs4 ,elmore's heart4 #ag4 ,for three weeks ,anna lay between life and death2 and when she was at length pronounced out of danger1 she was as helpless as an infant4 #ah4 ,one day1 as she sat propped up by pillows1 she told her mother all that had passed during her absence1 and awaited her decision respecting the use she had made of her time4 #ai4 ,my dear child1 said ,mrs4 ,elinore1 ,i trust the past will afford a lesson you will never forget4 ,so far from having made good use of your time1 you have done harm in everything you have undertaken4 #bj4 ,your attempts at study1 instead of affording you any real instruction1 have only given you habits of inattention1 which you will find very difficult to overcome2 for your eyes have wandered over the page1 while your thoughts have been with the fool's1 to the ends of the earth4 #ba4 ,your irregular care of my plants1 which you thought would serve instead of habitual attention1 has been the means of destroying them as effectually as if you had allowed them to perish from total neglect4 #bb4 ,your injudicious benevolence to the ,wilsons served only to make the children envious of each other1 without giving them habits of neatness1 which are essential to the well-being of such a family2 while it had a worse effect upon yourself1 because it not only wasted your precious time1 but excited in you a feeling of vanity1 on account of what you considered a good action4 #bc4 ,if1 instead of trusting so boldly to your good resolutions1 you had entered upon your duties with an humble mind1 and resolved to try to do right1--if you had apportioned your time with some degree of regularity1--you might have performed all that was required of you1 enjoyed all your amusements1 and gratified every kindly feeling1 without a single self-reproach4 #bd4 ,as it is1 you feel sensible of having failed in everything1--of having exposed yourself to great peril1 and subjected your mother to great anxiety1 simply from your disposition to loiter1 when you should labor4 #be4 ,i trust that1 in the solitude of your sick chamber1 'the still small voice' of your many wasted hours has made itself heard1 and that hereafter you will not so utterly fail to make good use of your time4 ,,lesson ,,xxxi4 ,verse1 or ,poetry4 #a4 ,all the lessons in this book which you have thus far read have been in prose4 ,i intend to give you some lessons in verse1 or1 as it is sometimes1 but improperly called1 poetry4 #b4 ,there is a great deal of difference between verse and poetry2 but as this book is intended for those who are not quite old enough to understand all these differences1 ,i shall not attempt at present to point them out to you4 #c4 ,but ,i wish you first to understand the difference1 which you can see with your eye1 between prose and verse4 ,the lines of verse often end in what are called rhymes4 ,thus1 if one line ends with the word found1 the next line ends with a word which sounds very much like it1 as ground1 round1 bound1 sound1 hound1 wound4 #d4 ,these are called rhymes4 ,here are a few such lines4 ,,improvement ,,of ,,time4 ,defer not till to-morrow to be wise2 ,to-morrow's sun to thee may never rise4 ,,best ,,use ,,of ,,money4 ,when wealth to virtuous hands is given1 ,it blesses like the dew of ,heaven2 ,like ,heaven1 it hears the orphan's cries1 ,and wipes the tears from widow's eyes4 #e4 ,sometimes the rhymes occur in alternate lines2 that is1 two lines come together which are not rhymes1 and are followed by two lines to make rhymes to both1 as follows3 ,let the sweet work of prayer and praise ,employ our youngest breath2 ,thus we're prepared for longer days1 ,or fit for early death4 #f4 ,there are some kinds of verses that do not rhyme4 ,these are called blank verse4 ,here is an example of blank verse3 ,mark well1 my child1 he said2 this little stream ,shall teach thee charity4 ,it is a source ,i never knew to fail3 directed thus ,be that soft stream1 the fountain of thy heart4 ,for1 oh6 my much-loved child1 ,i trust thy heart ,has those affections that shall bless thyself2 ,and1 flowing softly like this little rill1 ,cheer all that droop4 ,the good man did not err4 #g4 ,now1 there are several things that ,i wish you to notice in these lines4 ,in the first place1 if you will count the syllables1 you will find that there are exactly ten syllables in each line2 and it is always the case1 that in verse it is necessary that there should be a certain number of syllables of a certain kind4 #h4 ,what that number is1 ,i cannot now explain to you2 but you will be able to understand from a book called a grammar1 which you will probably study at some future time1 if you do not study it now4 ,it is contained in that part of grammar called ,prosody4 #i4 ,the next thing ,i wish you to notice is1 that every line of verse always begins with a capital letter4 #aj4 ,and thirdly you will notice1 that the lines of verse are more regular in their sound than lines of prose4 ,they have a kind of musical sound about them1 which you very rarely hear1 except in verse4 #aa4 ,and fourthly you will notice1 that some of the words are shortened by leaving out a letter1 and putting in its place a mark called an apostrophe1 which looks just like a comma1 only it is placed higher up in the line1 as in the following line3 ,thus we're prepared for longer days4 #ab4 ,in this line1 if the words were written out at full length1 with all their letters in them1 the line would stand as follows3 ,thus we are prepared for longer days4 #ac4 ,but this would destroy what is called the measure of the line1 by putting too many syllables into it2 and therefore the words we are are shortened1 so as to be read as one syllable1 and the line is to be read as follows3 ,thus weer prepared for longer days4 #ad4 ,the next difference ,i shall point out to you between prose and verse1 is that in verse the words are placed in a different order from what they would be in prose2 as you will notice in the following lines3 ,when all thy mercies1 oh my ,god6 ,my rising soul surveys1 ,transported with the view1 ,i'm lost ,in wonder1 love and praise4 #ae4 ,now1 if these lines were written in prose1 the words would stand in the following order3 ,o my ,god6 when my rising soul surveys all thy mercies1 ,i'm transported with the view of them1 and lost in wonder1 love and praise4 #af4 ,and now that ,i have explained to you a few of the points in which verse differs from prose1 ,i will only add1 that when you read verse1 you must not stop at the end of every line1 unless there is a pause or mark there2 and that you must avoid reading it as if you were singing it to a tune4 ,,lesson ,,xxxii4 ,god ,present ,everywhere4 #a4 ,thou1 ,lord1 by strictest search hast known ,my rising up and lying down2 ,my secret thoughts are known to thee1 ,known long before conceived by me4 #b4 ,surrounded by thy power ,i stand1 ,on every side ,i find thy hand3 ,o skill for human reach too high6 ,too dazzling bright for mortal eye6 #c4 ,from thy all-seeing ,spirit1 ,lord1 ,what hiding-place does earth afford8 ,o where can ,i thy influence shun1 ,or whither from thy presence run8 #d4 ,if up to heaven ,i take my flight1 ',tis there thou dwell'st enthroned in light2 ,if to the world unseen1 my ,god1 ,there also hast thou thine abode4 #e4 ,if ,i the morning's wings could gain1 ,and fly beyond the western main2 ,e'en there1 in earth's remotest land1 ,i still should find thy guiding hand4 #f4 ,or1 should ,i try to shun thy sight ,beneath the sable wings of night2 ,one glance from thee1 one piercing ray1 ,would kindle darkness into day4 #g4 ,the veil of night is no disguise1 ,no screen from thy all-searching eyes2 ,through midnight shades thou find'st thy way1 ,as in the blazing noon1 of day4 #h4 ,thou know'st the texture of my heart1 ,my reins1 and every vital part3 ,i'll praise thee1 from whose hands ,i came ,a work of such a wondrous frame4 #i4 ,let me acknowledge too1 ,o ,god1 ,that since this maze of life ,i trod1 ,thy thoughts of love to me surmount ,the power of numbers to recount4 #aj4 ,search1 try1 ,o ,god1 my thoughts and heart1 ,if mischief lurk in any part2 ,correct me where ,i go astray1 ,and guide me in thy perfect way4 ,,lesson ,,xxxiii4 ,devotion4 #a4 ,while thee ,i seek1 protecting ,power1 ,be my vain wishes stilled2 ,and may this consecrated hour ,with better hopes be filled4 #b4 ,thy love the power of thought stowed1 ,to thee my thoughts would soar3 ,thy mercy o'er my life has flowed1 ,that mercy ,i adore4 #c4 ,in each event of life1 how clear ,thy ruling hand ,i see6 ,each blessing to my soul more dear1 ,because conferred by thee4 #d4 ,in every joy that crowns my days1 ,in every pain ,i bear1 ,my heart shall find delight in praise1 ,or seek relief in prayer4 #e4 ,when gladness wings my favored hour1 ,thy love my thoughts shall fill2 ,resigned1 when storms of sorrow lower1 ,my soul shall meet thy will4 #f4 ,my lifted eye1 without a tear1 ,the gathering storm shall see2 ,my steadfast heart shall know no fear-- ,that heart will rest on thee4 ,,lesson ,,xxxiv4 ,the ,gardener and the ,hog4--,,gay4 #a4 ,a gardener1 of peculiar taste1 ,on a young hog his favor placed1 ,who fed not with the common herd1-- ,his tray was to the hall preferred2 ,he wallowed underneath the board1 ,or in his master's chamber snored1 ,who fondly stroked him every day1 ,and taught him all the puppy's play4 #b4 ,where'er he went1 the grunting friend ,ne'er failed his pleasure to attend4 ,as on a time the loving pair ,walked forth to tend the garden's care1 ,the master thus addressed the swine3 #c4 ,my house1 my garden1 all is thine3 ,on turnips feast whene'er you please1 ,and riot in my beans and peas2 ,if the potato's taste delights1 ,or the red carrot's sweet invites1 ,indulge thy morn and evening hours1 ,but let due care regard my flowers2 ,my tulips are my garden's pride-- ,what vast expense these beds supplied6 #d4 ,the hog1 by chance1 one morning roamed ,where with new ale the vessels foamed2 ,he munches now the steaming grains1 ,now with full swill the liquor drains2 ,intoxicating fumes arise1 ,he reels1 he rolls his winking eyes2 ,then1 staggering1 through the garden scours1 ,and treads down painted ranks of flowers2 ,with delving snout he turns the soil1 ,and cools his palate with the spoil4 #e4 ,the master came1--the ruin spied4 ,villain1 suspend thy rage6 he cried3 ,hast then1 thou most ungrateful sot1 ,my charge1 my only charge1 forgot8 ,what1 all my flowers8 ,no more he said2 ,but gazed1 and sighed1 and hung his head4 #f4 ,the hog1 with stuttering speech1 returns3-- ,explain1 sir1 why your anger burns2 ,see there1 untouched1 your tulips strown1 ,for ,i devoured the roots alone6 #g4 ,at this the gardener's passion grows2 ,from oaths and threats he fell to blows2 ,the stubborn brute the blows sustains1 ,assaults his leg1 and tears the veins4 ,ah6 foolish swain1 too late you find ,that sties were for such friends designed6 #h4 ,homeward he limps with painful pace1 ,reflecting thus on past disgrace3 ,who cherishes a brutal mate1 ,shall mourn the folly soon or late4 ,,lesson ,,xxxv4 ,the ,hare and many ,friends4--,,gay4 #a4 ,a hare1 who1 in a civil way1 ,complied with everything1 like ,gay1 ,was known by all the bestial train ,who haunt the wood1 or graze the plain4 ,her care was never to offend1 ,and every creature was her friend4 #b4 ,as forth she went1 at early dawn1 ,to taste the dew-besprinkled lawn1 ,behind she hears the hunter's cries1 ,and from the deep-mouthed thunder flies4 #c4 ,she starts1 she stops1 she pants for breath2 ,she hears the near advance of death2 ,she doubles to mislead the hound1 ,and measures back her mazy round2 ,till1 fainting in the public way1 ,half dead with fear1 she gasping lay4 #d4 ,what transport in her bosom grew1 ,when first the horse appeared in view6 ,let me1 says she1 your back ascend1 ,and owe my safety to a friend4 ,you know my feet betray my flight1-- ,to friendship every burden's light4 #e4 ,the horse replied3--,poor honest puss1 ,it grieves my heart to see thee thus4 ,be comforted1--relief is near2 ,for all your friends are in the rear4 #f4 ,she next the stately bull implored2 ,and thus replied the mighty lord3-- ,since every beast alive can tell ,that ,i sincerely wish you well1 ,i may1 without offense1 pretend ,to take the freedom of a friend4 ,love calls me hence2 a favorite cow ,expects me near yon barley-mow2 ,and when a lady's in the case1 ,you know all other things give place4 ,to leave you thus might seem unkind2 ,but see1--the goat is just behind4 #g4 ,the goat remarked her pulse was high1 ,her languid head1 her heavy eye1-- ,my back1 says he1 may do you harm2 ,the sheep's at hand1 and wool is warm4 #h4 ,the sheep was feeble1 and complained ,his sides a load of wool sustained3 ,said he was slow1 confessed his fears2 ,for hounds eat sheep1 as well as hares4 #i4 ,she now the trotting calf addressed1 ,to save from death a friend distressed4 ,shall ,i1 says he1 of tender age1 ,in this important care engage8 ,older and abler passed you by2 ,how strong are those6 how weak am ,i6 #aj4 ,should ,i presume to bear you hence1 ,those friends of mine may take offense4 ,excuse me1 then1--you know my heart2 ,but dearest friends1 alas6 must part4 ,how shall we all lament6 ,adieu6 ,for see1--the hounds are just in view4 #aa4 ',tis thus in friendships2 who depend ,on many1 rarely find a friend4 ,illustration ,,lesson ,,xxxvi4 ,maxims4--,,selected4 ,never delay until to-morrow what you can do to-day4 ,never trouble others for what you can do yourself4 ,never spend your money before you have it4 ,never buy what you do not want1 because it is cheap4 ,pride costs more than hunger1 thirst1 or cold4 ,we never repent of having eaten too little4 ,nothing is troublesome that we do willingly4 ,how much pains have those evils cost us which never happened6 ,take things always by their smooth handle4 ,when angry1 count ten before you speak2 if very angry1 a hundred4 ,hear as little as possible spoken against others2 and believe nothing of the kind1 until you are absolutely forced to believe it4 ,always believe that if you heard what may be said on the other side of the question1 a very different account of the matter might be given4 ,do to others what you would have them do to you4 ,,lesson ,,xxxvii4 ,how to be ,happy4--,,child ,,at ,,home4 #a4 ,every child must have observed how much happier and more beloved some children are than others4 ,there are some children whom you always love to be with4 ,they are happy themselves1 and they make you happy4 #b4 ,there are others1 whose society you always avoid4 ,the very expression of their countenances produces unpleasant feelings4 ,they seem to have no friends4 #c4 ,no person can be happy without friends4 ,the heart is formed for love1 and cannot be happy without the opportunity of giving and receiving affection4 #d4 ,but you cannot receive affection1 unless you will also give it4 ,you cannot find others to love you1 unless you will also love them4 ,love is only to be obtained by giving love in return4 ,hence the importance of cultivating a cheerful and obliging disposition4 ,you cannot be happy without it4 #e4 ,i have sometimes heard a girl say1 ,i know that ,i am very unpopular at school4 ,now1 this is a plain confession that she is very disobliging and unamiable in her disposition4 #f4 ,if your companions do not love you1 it is your own fault4 ,they cannot help loving you1 if you will be kind and friendly4 ,if you are not loved1 it is a good evidence that you do not deserve to be loved4 ,it is true1 that a sense of duty may1 at times1 render it necessary for you to do that which will be displeasing to your companions4 #g4 ,but1 if it is seen that you have a noble spirit1 that you are above selfishness1 that you are willing to make sacrifices of your own personal convenience to promote the happiness of your associates1 you will never be in want of friends4 #h4 ,you must not regard it as your misfortune that others do not love you1 but your fault4 ,it is not beauty1 it is not wealth1 that will give you friends4 ,your heart must glow with kindness1 if you would attract to yourself the esteem and affection of those by whom you are surrounded4 #i4 ,you are little aware how much the happiness of your whole life depends upon the cultivation of an affectionate and obliging disposition4 ,if you will adopt the resolution that you will confer favors whenever you have an opportunity1 you will certainly be surrounded by ardent friends4 #aj4 ,begin upon this principle in childhood1 and act upon it through life1 and you will make yourself happy1 and promote the happiness of all within your influence4 #aa4 ,you go to school on a cold winter morning4 ,a bright fire is blazing upon the hearth1 surrounded with boys struggling to get near it to warm themselves4 ,after you get slightly warmed1 another school-mate comes in1 suffering with cold4 ,here1 ,james1 you pleasantly call out to him1 ,i am almost warm2 you may have my place4 #ab4 ,as you slip aside to allow him to take your place at the fire1 will he not feel that you are kind8 ,the worst dispositioned boy in the world cannot help admiring such generosity4 #ac4 ,and even though he be so ungrateful as to be unwilling to return the favor1 you may depend upon it that he will be your friend as far as he is capable of friendship4 ,if you will habitually act upon this principle1 you will never want friends4 #ad4 ,suppose1 some day1 you were out with your companions1 playing ball4 ,after you had been playing for some time1 another boy comes along4 ,he cannot be chosen upon either side1 for there is no one to match him4 ,henry1 you say1 you may take my place a little while1 and ,i will rest4 #ae4 ,you throw yourself down upon the grass1 while ,henry1 fresh and vigorous1 takes your bat and engages in the game4 ,he knows that you gave up to accommodate him2 and how can he help liking you for it8 #af4 ,the fact is1 that neither man nor child can cultivate such a spirit of generosity and kindness1 without attracting affection and esteem4 #ag4 ,look and see which of your companions have the most friends1 and you will find that they are those who have this noble spirit1--who are willing to deny themselves1 that they may make their associates happy4 #ah4 ,this is not peculiar to childhood4 ,it is the same in all periods of life4 ,there is but one way to make friends2 and that is1 by being friendly to others4 #ai4 ,perhaps some child1 who reads this1 feels conscious of being disliked1 and yet desires to have the affection of his companions4 ,you ask me what you shall do4 ,i will tell you4 #bj4 ,i will give you an infallible rule4 ,do all in your power to make others happy4 ,be willing to make sacrifices of your own convenience1 that you may promote the happiness of others4 #ba4 ,this is the way to make friends1 and the only way4 ,when you are playing with your brothers and sisters at home1 be always ready to give them more than their share of privileges4 #bb4 ,manifest an obliging disposition1 and they cannot but regard you with affection4 ,in all your intercourse with others1 at home or abroad1 let these feelings influence you1 and you will receive a rich reward4 ,,lesson ,,xxxviii4 ,obedience and ,disobedience4--,,child',s ,,companion4 #a4 ,you have never disobeyed your parents1 or your teachers1 or any who have been placed in authority over you1 without being uncomfortable and unhappy6 ,obedience1 in a child1 is one of the most necessary qualities2 for it protects him from all the evils of his want of experience1 and gives him the benefit of the experience of others4 #b4 ,one fine summer's day1 ,i went to spend an afternoon at a house in the country1 where some young people were enjoying a holiday4 #c4 ,they were running cheerfully up and down a meadow1 covered over with yellow crocuses1 and other flowers2 and ,i looked on them with delight1 while they gamboled and made posies1 as they felt disposed4 ,here sister with sister roamed over the mead1 ,and brother plucked flow'rets with brother2 ,and playmates with playmates ran on with such speed ,that the one tumbled over the other4 #d4 ,now1 they all had been told to keep away from the ditch at the bottom of the field2 but1 notwithstanding this injunction1 one little urchin1 of the name of ,jarvis1 seeing a flower in the hedge on the opposite bank1 which he wished to gather1 crept nearer and nearer to the ditch4 #e4 ,the closer he got to the flower1 the more beautiful it appeared to be1 and the stronger the temptation became to pluck it4 #f4 ,now1 what right had he to put himself in the way of temptation8 ,the field1 as ,i said before1 was covered over with flowers2 and that in the hedge was no better than the rest1 only it was a forbidden flower1 and when anything is forbidden it becomes1 on that very account1 a greater temptation to a disobedient heart4 #g4 ,jarvis had gathered a whole handful of flowers before he saw the one growing in the hedge2 but he threw all these away1 so much was his mind set on getting the one which he wanted4 #h4 ,unluckily for him1 in getting down the bank1 his foot slipped1 and down he rolled into a bed of stinging nettles1 at the bottom of the ditch1 which fortunately happened to have in it but little water4 #i4 ,jarvis screamed out with might and main1 as he lay on his back2 for1 whichever way he turned1 his cheeks and his fingers brushed against the nettles4 ,illustration #aj4 ,his cries soon brought his companions around him2 but1 as they were all young1 they knew not how to render him assistance1 on account of the stinging nettles1 and the depth of the ditch4 #aa4 ,i ran to the spot1 and pulled up ,master ,jarvis in a pretty pickle1 his jacket and trowsers plastered with mud1 and his hands and face covered with blotches4 #ab4 ,here was the fruit of disobedience6 ,and as it was with ,jarvis1 so will it be with every one who acts disobediently4 #ac4 ,whenever you feel a temptation to disobey ,god2 to disobey his holy word2 to disobey the admonitions of your own conscience2 to disobey your parents1 your teachers1 or any in authority over you1--be sure that a punishment awaits you1 if you do not resist it4 #ad4 ,as you are not able to resist it in your own strength1 ask ,god's assistance for ,christ's sake1 and it will not be withheld4 ,now1 remember ,jarvis1 and the bed of stinging nettles6 #ae4 ,the ,bible tells us very plainly how much ,god sets his face against disobedience4 ,the children of ,israel walked forty years in the wilderness1 till all the people that were men of war1 which came out of ,egypt1 were consumed1 because they obeyed not the voice of the ,lord4 #af4 ,let no man deceive you with vain words3 for1 because of these things cometh the wrath of ,god upon the children of disobedience4 ,nor is it disobedience to ,god that is alone hateful in his sight2 for disobedience to parents is spoken of as an evil thing1 too4 #ag4 ,the eye that mocketh at his father1 and despiseth to obey his mother1 the ravens of the valley shall pluck it out1 and the young eagles shall eat it4 #ah4 ,but ,i cannot bear to think that you are disobedient6 ,i would rather consider you obedient in all things1 and encourage you in holding on your way1 obeying the will of ,god1 and the word of all in authority over you4 ,the ,lord rules over sea and land1 ,and blest indeed are they ,who all his counsels understand1 ,and his commands obey4 #ai4 ,i have often been struck with the simplicity with which some children obey their parents4 ,this tractable disposition is very amiable in a child4 #bj4 ,it was no longer ago than last week1 that1 in crossing a field1 ,i overtook three children3 one1 a little girl of about five years old1 was on the foot-path1 and1 just as ,i came up1 her brother called her to him1 where he was in the field4 #ba4 ,no1 ,william1 said the little maid2 my mother told me not to go off the foot-path1 and it would be very wicked to disobey my mother4 #bb4 ,i caught the little creature up in my arms2 and having a small neat book in my pocket1 suitable for a child1 ,i gave it to her1 and told her to remember that the reason why ,i gave it was1 that she had been obedient to her mother4 ,though cares on cares in parent hearts be piled1 ,great is that blessing--an obedient child6 #bc4 ,without obedience there can be no order4 ,the man must obey his master1 the maid her mistress1 and the scholar his teacher4 ,if you attend a ,sunday-school1 whatever class you are in1 be obedient to your instructors1 or you will make but little progress4 ,by obedience you will learn faster1 secure the respect of those about you1 and set a proper example to those younger than yourself4 #bd4 ,if you are in a place of work1 be obedient to your employer4 ,those make the best masters and mistresses who have been the most obedient servants2 for the discharge of one duty disposes us to perform another4 #be4 ,the best way to qualify yourselves to act well when grown up1 is to act well while you are children4 ,,lesson ,,xxxix4 ,obstinacy4--,,lessons ,,without ,,books4 #a4 ,there is a certain fault which almost all children have in a greater or less degree4 ,it is called by different names2 sometimes it is termed wilfulness1 sometimes pertinacity1 and sometimes it receives the still harsher name of obstinacy4 #b4 ,almost all our faults are owing to the perversion or abuse of propensities originally good2 and perseverance1 when carried too far1 or expended upon unworthy objects1 becomes a troublesome infirmity4 #c4 ,louisa and ,emily had both something of this infirmity1 but differing both in degree and in its mode of operation4 #d4 ,what are called little things did not trouble ,emily at all2 and1 on the contrary1 they troubled ,louisa very much4 #e4 ,but1 when anything did seem peculiarly desirable to ,emily1--when she set her heart upon having her own way1--she carried her perseverance to a degree which deserved to be called obstinacy4 #f4 ,she could give up1 as children term it1 with less effort1 and more grace1 than most others2 but if anything determined her not to give up1 she was immovable4 #g4 ,you are almost always in the right1 my daughter1 her father once said to her1 and ,heaven preserve you from error2 for when you once fall into it1 you will be too apt to persevere4 #h4 ,it happened1 at one time1 that she and ,louisa were having some nice sun-bonnets made4 ,emily went for them at the time when they were to be finished1 and finding only one completed1 immediately appropriated it to herself1 because she was really in greater need of it than ,louisa1 who had one that answered her purpose very well4 #i4 ,louisa resented this1 because that1 being the eldest1 she considered herself as having the first right2 but ,emily could not be persuaded to give up1 although ,louisa's equanimity was very much disturbed on that account4 #aj4 ,if it had been proposed to her beforehand to let ,louisa have the bonnet voluntarily1 she would not have hesitated1 for she was not selfish2 but when ,louisa claimed it as a right1 she resisted4 #aa4 ,her mother afterwards told her that she should always avoid irritating the peculiar humors of her companions4 ,you1 said she1 would not have minded waiting for the other bonnet a day or two1 but to ,louisa it was quite a serious evil4 #ab4 ,and here let me remark upon the proneness which all children have to magnify the importance of little things4 ,a strife often arises among them1 about just nothing at all1 from a mere spirit of competition4 ,illustration #ac4 ,one says1 ,this is my seat4 ,another1 who would not else have thought of desiring that particular seat1 immediately regards it in the light of a prize1 and exclaims1 ,no1 ,i meant to have that seat2 and ,i had it just before you took it4 #ad4 ,half a dozen claimants will appear directly1 and perhaps get into a serious quarrel2 whereas1 had the reply been1 in the first instance1 ,very well1 let it be your seat1 there would have been an end to the matter4 #ae4 ,but to return to ,louisa4 ,she magnified a thousand little things1 of every day occurrence1 in such a manner as proved a very serious inconvenience to herself4 #af4 ,she wished to have her potato sliced1 but never mashed4 ,she could not bear to see a door open a single moment2 and1 even if she were at her meals1 and the closet door happened to stand ajar1 she would jump up and fly to shut it1 with the speed of lightning4 #ag4 ,she could not endure the feeling of gloves2 nor could she any better endure to have her hat tied4 ,her aunt bore with all these follies a while1 and then deliberately resolved to counteract them4 #ah4 ,louisa at first thought this was very hard and unreasonable4 ,why can't ,i have my potato sliced1 ,aunt ,cleaveland8 said she2 what hurt can it do8 ,and why can't ,i shut the door when it is open8 is there any harm in that8 #ai4 ,not at all1 my dear1 in the thing itself1 ,mrs4 ,cleaveland replied2 but there is a great deal of evil in having your tranquillity disturbed by things of such small moment4 #bj4 ,if you allow yourself to be distressed by trifles now1 how will you bear the real trials of life1 which you must inevitably sustain1 sooner or later8 #ba4 ,by and by1 you will find out that your suffering from these sources is all imaginary1 and then you will thank me for having restrained you4 #bb4 ,now1 here is this nice dish of mashed potatoes1 which we have every day4 ,if such a little hungry girl as you are1 since you have breathed our healthy mountain air1 cannot eat it1 and with relish too1 ,i am greatly mistaken2 and1 in process of time1 ,i have no doubt you will cease to observe whether the door is open or shut4 #bc4 ,on the first day of trial1 ,louisa just tasted the potato1 and left the whole of it upon her plate4 ,her aunt took no notice of this4 ,the next day1 ,louisa came in to dinner after a long walk1 and was very hungry4 #bd4 ,there was but one dish of meat upon the table1 and it was of a kind which she did not much like2 so1 forgetting all her repugnance to mashed potato1 she ate it very heartily4 #be4 ,mrs4 ,cleaveland1 however1 forbore to take any notice of this change2 and it was not until after several weeks had elapsed1 and ,louisa had ceased to think of the distinction between sliced potato and mashed potato1 that her aunt reminded her of the importance which she had formerly attached to the former4 #bf4 ,now1 my dear ,louisa1 said ,mrs4 ,cleaveland1 since you find the task is not so very difficult as you apprehended1 promise me that you will try to cure yourself of all these little infirmities2 for such ,i must term them4 #bg4 ,there is so much real suffering in life1 that it is a pity to have any which is merely imaginary2 and though1 while you are a little girl1 living with indulgent friends1 your whims might all be gratified1 a constant and uniform regard to them will be impossible by and by1 when you are old enough to mingle with the world4 ,,lesson ,,xl4 ,king ,edward and his ,bible4--,,mrs4 ,l4,h4 ,,sigourney4 #a4 ,i will tell you a little story about a young and good king4 ,he was king of ,england more than two hundred and eighty years ago4 ,his name was ,edward1 and1 because there had been five kings before him of the name of ,edward1 he was called ,edward the ,sixth4 #b4 ,he was only nine years old when he began to reign4 ,he was early taught to be good1 by pious teachers1 and he loved to do what they told him would please ,god4 ,he had a great reverence for the ,bible1 which he knew contained the words of his ,father in heaven4 ,illustration #c4 ,once1 when he was quite a young child1 he was playing with some children about his own age4 ,he wished much to reach something which was above his head4 ,to assist him1 they laid a large1 thick book in a chair1 for him to step on4 ,just as he was putting his foot upon it1 he discovered it to be the ,bible4 #d4 ,drawing back1 he took it in his arms1 kissed it1 and returned it to its place4 ,turning to his little playmates1 he said1 with a serious face1--,shall ,i dare to tread under my feet that which ,god has commanded me to keep in my heart8 #e4 ,this pious king never forgot his prayers4 ,though the people with whom he lived were continually anxious to amuse him1 and show him some new thing1 they never could induce him to omit his daily devotions4 #f4 ,one day he heard that one of his teachers was sick4 ,immediately1 he retired to pray for him4 ,coming from his prayers1 he said1 with a cheerful countenance1 ,i think there is hope that he will recover4 ,i have this morning earnestly begged of ,god to spare him to us4 #g4 ,after his teacher became well1 he was told of this2 and he very much loved the young king for remembering him in his prayers4 #h4 ,edward the ,sixth died when he was sixteen years old4 ,he was beloved by all1 for his goodness and piety4 ,his mind was calm and serene in his sickness4 #i4 ,if you are not tired of my story1 ,i will tell you part of a prayer which he used often to say1 when on his dying bed4 #aj4 ,my ,lord ,god1 if thou wilt deliver me from this miserable life1 take me among thy chosen4 ,yet not my will1 but thy will1 be done4 ,lord1 ,i commit my spirit unto thee4 ,thou knowest how happy it were for me to be with thee4 ,yet1 if thou shouldst send me life and health1 grant that ,i may truly serve thee4 #aa4 ,children1 you should do like ,king ,edward1 reverence your ,bible1 and love to pray to ,god4 ,,lesson ,,xli4 ,what does it ,mean to be ,tempted4--,m4,h41 ,,in ,,the ,,rose-,,bud4 #a4 ,mother1 said little ,frank1 ,i wish you would tell me what it means to be tempted4 ,i heard you say1 the other day1 that people are tempted to do many wicked things2--pray tell me1 mother1 if such a little boy as ,i am is ever tempted8 #b4 ,yes1 my child1 every day you live2 and when ,i have told you what temptation is1 ,i think you will confess that you have not only been tempted1 but often yielded to temptation4 #c4 ,to be tempted1 means to be drawn by the offer of present pleasure to do what is wrong4 ,there are many kinds of temptation1 and ,i think you will understand me better if ,i give you an instance4 #d4 ,you know1 my dear ,frank1 that both your father and ,i have forbidden your going to the pond where your cousin ,henry was drowned1 because we think it very dangerous for you to venture there4 ,but you also know that the other day you went1 and suffered severely afterward for your disobedience4 #e4 ,yes1 mother1 said ,frank2 but then ,i should not have gone1 if ,william ,brown had not showed me his pretty ship1 just as ,i was coming out of school1 and asked me to go see him launch it2 and oh1 mother1 if you had only seen it6 #f4 ,it had masts and sails1 just like a real ship2 and on the deck a little man1 which ,william called the captain4 ,and then1 when it was on the water1 it sailed along so sweetly6--the pond was as smooth as a looking-glass1 so that we could see two little ships all the time4 #g4 ,i didn't think of disobeying you1 mother2 ,i only thought of the pretty ship1 and that there could be no harm in seeing ,william sail it4--,the harm1 my dear son 7as you call it71 said his mother1 was not in sailing the boat1--this is an innocent pleasure in itself2 but it was doing it after it had been forbidden by your parents1 that made it wrong4 #h4 ,the temptation to disobedience came in the form of a little ship4 ,you were drawn by it to the pond1 the forbidden spot4 ,you saw it sail gayly off1 and stood on the bank delighted4 #i4 ,but1 mother1 interrupted ,frank1 ,i shouldn't have got into the water and muddied my clothes1 if the little ship hadn't got tangled in the weeds2 and the boys all shouted1 ,clear her6 ,clear her6 and ,i couldn't help stepping in1 ,i was so near2 and my foot slipped1 and ,i fell in4 #aj4 ,yes1 said his mother1 and but for assistance of your play-fellows1 you might have been drowned4 ,but ,god1 whose eye was upon you all the while1 saw fit to spare you2 and how thankful you ought to be that he did not take you away in your disobedience6 #aa4 ,you now see how you were tempted1 first to go with ,william ,brown to the pond1 and then to step into the water2 which shows how one temptation leads to another4 ,but did not something within you1 my son1 tell you1 while there1 that you were doing wrong to disobey your parents8 #ab4 ,no1 mother2 ,i do not recollect that it did4 ,i'm sure ,i did not think a word about it till ,i was alone in bed1 and was asking my heavenly ,father to take care of me4 ,then something seemed to say1 ',frank1 you have done wrong to-day4' #ac4 ,and ,i felt how wicked ,i had been1 and could not ask ,god to forgive me till ,i had confessed all to you4 ,i knew you were away when ,i came home1 and ,i thought you hadn't returned4 #ad4 ,i was so unhappy that ,i called ,betsy1 and told her how ,i felt4 ,she told me it was an accident1 and no matter at all2 that she had taken care of my clothes1 and she believed you would never know anything about it4 #ae4 ,but all this was no comfort to me2 the something within would not be quiet4 ,if it had spoken to me in the same way when ,i first saw the little ship1 ,i think ,i should not have gone to the pond4 #af4 ,frank1 said his mother1 this something within1 which is conscience1 did then speak1 but you did not listen to its voice4 ,the voice of temptation was louder1 and you obeyed it1 just as you followed some noisy boys1 the other day1 though ,i was calling to you1 ',frank1 come back4' #ag4 ,i spoke louder than usual1 and at any other time you would have heard my voice2 but you were too much attracted by the boys to listen to me4 #ah4 ,temptation makes us deaf to the voice within2 and yielding to temptation1 as you see1 my son1 leads us into sin2 and this is why we pray1 in the ,lord's prayer1 ',lead us not into temptation1 but deliver us from evil1' which is sin1 for there is no greater evil than sin4 #ai4 ,it is to keep us from this great evil that ,god has given us this voice within1 to warn us not to follow temptation1 though the sin appear but a trifling one1 and though it hold out the promise of pleasure1 as the little ship did4 ,,lesson ,,xlii4 ,the same subject1 continued4 #a4 ,i will name some of the temptations to which little boys are a good deal exposed1 and yield to without thinking1 and sometimes without knowing to what they may lead4 #b4 ,sometimes the temptation to steal comes in the form of some beautiful fruit2 perhaps in his father's garden1 which he has been forbidden to touch2 or perhaps in an orchard far from the eye of the owner1 where he might take it without fear of being seen2 and he says to himself1 ',no one will ever know it2 ,i will take only a few4' #c4 ,but does he forget that the eye of ,god is upon him1 and does he not hear the voice of conscience saying1 ',thou shalt not steal6' ,he would shudder to be called a thief2 but taking what does not belong to us1 be it ever so small a thing1 is stealing4 #d4 ,and when detected1 he is tempted to lie1 to conceal his fault and avoid punishment2 and here again we see how one sin leads to another4 ,the temptations to cruelty are many4 ,sometimes they appear in the form of a bird's nest1 placed by a fond and loving mother on the high bough of a tree1 to secure her young brood from danger4 #e4 ,the boy1 in his rambles in the woods1 sees the nest1 climbs the tree1 and1 though the little birds are too feeble to fly1 and the anxious mother flutters round1 as if to entreat the cruel boy to spare her little ones1 he is unmindful of her tenderness1 and1 thinking only of his prize1 bears it off to his companions1 who enjoy it with him4 #f4 ,here is a sinful feeling indulged1 which1 if not subdued1 may lead to murder4 ,i wish you to remember1 my dear boy1 that it is by allowing ourselves to commit little sins that we become great sinners4 #g4 ,you would be frightened if you could have placed before you a picture of the course of sin4 ,you would exclaim1 ,what a monster6--he must never come near me1--it is dangerous even to look on him6 ,let me entreat you1 then1 my son1 to guard against temptation4 ,illustration #h4 ,if you say to temptation1 as you would to a wicked companion1 who had often led you into mischief1 ',go away2 ,i do not like your company1' temptation1 though for a while it may plead to be indulged1 will soon do as the wicked companion would1 if often sent away with such a reproof1 discontinue to come2 or1 if found in your company1 will not harm you2 for conscience1 like a good friend1 will be ever near2 and your blessed ,saviour1 who has promised to help those who are tempted1 will assist you to overcome temptation4 #i4 ,i hope now you understand what it means to be tempted4--,i think ,i do1 mother1 said ,frank1 and ,i thank you for telling me so much about temptation4 ,i shall never again repeat the ,lord's prayer without thinking what it means1 and ,i hope ,god will keep me from the great evil of sin4 ,he then kissed his mother1 and she promised to tell him1 some other time1 how we are tempted by sinful thoughts4 ,,lesson ,,xliii4 ,the same1 subject1 continued4 ,illustration #a4 ,it was not long after ,frank had the conversation with his mother upon the temptation to sinful actions1 that he claimed her promise to tell him how we may be tempted to sinful thoughts4 #b4 ,it was ,sunday evening4 ,frank and his mother were sitting alone together at a window which opened upon a flower-garden1 rich in the hues with which ,god has seen fit to adorn this beautiful part of creation4 #c4 ,you have been at church to-day1 my son1 said his mother2 and to my eye you did nothing offensive1 for you sat still during the sermon1 and appeared engaged with your book during the prayers4 #d4 ,i saw only the outward part2 but remember there was an eye of infinite purity looking upon your heart1 and seeing the thoughts that were passing there4 ,you only can tell if they were fit to meet that eye4 #e4 ,frank looked down2 for1 like most children1 he was not apt to examine either his thoughts or motives1 but was well satisfied if he gained the approbation of his parents4 #f4 ,his mother1 seeing he was struggling to disclose something1 said1 ,you are an honest boy1 ,frank1 and do not1 ,i trust1 wish to conceal the truth from your mother4 ,if you have received my approbation for correct conduct1 you certainly cannot enjoy it1 if you feel that it is not deserved4 #g4 ,that is what troubles me1 mother1 said ,frank2 for1 while ,i was sitting so still1 and you thought ,i was attending to the sermon1 ,i was all the while watching a pretty little dog1 that was running from pew to pew1 trying to find his master2 and when he got on the pulpit step1 and rolled off1 ,i came so near laughing that ,i was obliged to put my handkerchief to my mouth1 and make believe to cough4 #h4 ,i kept my eye upon him till church was done1 and thought1 if ,i could see him at the door1 ,i would try to make him follow me home1 and keep him4 #i4 ,i feel now1 mother1 that all this was very wrong1 and that these naughty thoughts tempted me to break ,god's holy ,sabbath4 #aj4 ,i am glad you feel this1 my son2 for1 besides being sinful to desire to have the little dog1 which was coveting what belonged to another1 the time and place in which you indulged the thought was the breaking of that commandment which says1 ',remember the ,sabbath day1 to keep it holy4' #aa4 ,but1 mother1 asked ,frank1 impatiently1 how shall ,i keep these thoughts out8 ,they come before ,i know it4 ,sometimes a boy has a new suit of clothes on1 and ,i cannot help looking at him2 and sometimes the girls will play with their gloves1 and tie and untie their bonnets2 and sometimes the little children get to sleep1 and ,i can't help watching them1 to see if they will not slip off the seat4 #ab4 ,i think1 mother1 if we did not sit in the gallery1 ,i shouldn't see so many things to tempt me to wicked thoughts in church4 #ac4 ,if ,i really believed this myself1 ,frank1 ,i should think it important to change our seat3 but the mischief does not lie here2 it is in your heart4 #ad4 ,if this were right1 and you really loved ,god and his service1 the thought of his presence would keep out these troublesome intruders2 not altogether1 my son1 for the best of people are sometimes subject to wandering thoughts2 but it is a temptation which they overcome1 by turning their attention immediately to the services1 and by taking their eyes from the object that drew away their thoughts from ,god4 ,,lesson ,,xliv4 ,the same subject1 concluded4 #a4 ,if some great king1 who loved his people1 and was continually giving them some good things1 should appoint a day when he would meet his subjects1 rich and poor1 young and old1 and should declare to them how they may best please him2 and a person should be appointed to read to them1 from a book he had himself written1 directions for their conduct2 and that1 as a reward for obedience1 should promise they should be admitted to his palace1 where nothing that could trouble them should ever be allowed to enter-- #b4 ,why1 mother1 exclaimed ,frank1 ,i should so admire to see a king1 that ,i should be willing to do everything he required2 and should be afraid1 all the time1 of doing something he did not like1 while in his presence4 ,i should keep looking at him all the time1 to see if he were pleased2--but go on1 mother4 #c4 ,well1 my son1 suppose this great person1 who is also good1 should keep a book in which he noted down all your actions1 and even looks2 and1 on a certain day which he had appointed1 and which was known to himself1 should call together a great multitude of people1 his friends and yours1 and should read to them all that he had written there1--do you think you would be careless or indifferent what was written against your name8 #d4 ,o no1 mother6 ,i should be so anxious that ,i should want to hide myself1 for fear something should be read that ,i should be ashamed of1--something very bad4 ,but1 mother1 no king ever did this1 that you know of4 ,if he did1 pray tell me more about him2 and if his subjects were not all good and obedient4 #e4 ,i have heard of a king1 my son1 who has done more than this2 but not an earthly king4 ,earthly kings are limited in their power2 for they are but men4 ,but the king of whom ,i speak is the ,lord of the whole earth4 #f4 ,do you mean ,god1 mother8--,i do1 my son4 ,you have told me how you should behave in the presence of an earthly king on the day he should appoint to meet his people2 and would you treat with less reverence and respect him who is the ,king of kings and ,lord of lords8 #g4 ,can you1 on entering his house1 say1 ',the ,lord is in his holy temple1' and feel no desire to meet him there2 but allow any trifle that meets your eye to carry your thoughts away8 ,do you1 when his holy book is read1 feel no desire to hear the directions he has given to lead you to your heavenly home8 #h4 ,and when the petitions are sent up imploring his blessings1 and asking his forgiveness1 have you none to offer8 ,are you so blest as to have nothing to ask1 and so good as to need no forgiveness8 #i4 ,o my son1 be careful how you neglect these gracious privileges6 ,and when his ministers1 whom he has appointed to declare his will1--to instruct you out of his word1--preach to you from the sacred pulpit1 will you turn a deaf ear1 and lose their instructions1 and at the same time displease your heavenly ,father8 #aj4 ,this great and powerful king is also your father and friend4 ,he loves you more than any earthly friend4 ,he is willing to hear all your petitions1 and is even more ready to give than we are to ask4 ,he has appointed one day in seven in which to meet us1 and this is the ,sabbath1 about the keeping of which we are now talking4 #aa4 ,and he has also appointed a day in which he will judge the world1 from the book which he has kept of our accounts4 #ab4 ,on that day there will be assembled a great multitude1 which no man can number1 out of every kindred and tongue2 great and small1 good and bad4 ,you and ,i will be there1 my son4 #ac4 ,there will be the minister and his people1 the ,sunday-school teacher and his scholars1 all to receive either the sentence1 ',come1 ye blessed of my ,father1 inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world1' or1 ',depart from me1 ye cursed1 into everlasting punishment4' #ad4 ,frank was moved by this representation of the consequences of his neglect of the duties he owed his heavenly ,father1 and said1 ,o1 how sad it would be1 how dreadful1 if1 on that day ,i should be sent to dwell forever where ,god is not1 and where you and father are not6 #ae4 ,dreadful1 indeed1 my son1 would be such a separation2 and when you think of this1 let it make you more earnest to serve and please ,god2 for ,jesus ,christ1 who came upon earth once to die for us all1 and will come again to judge the earth1 has gone to prepare mansions in heaven for those who love him1 that they may dwell with him forever in perfect happiness4 #af4 ,let us now1 my son1 pray to our heavenly ,father to prepare us for this blessedness1 that where he is1 there we may be also4 ,frank and his mother knelt together1 and offered up the following prayer3-- ,,prayer ,,for ,,good ,,thoughts4 #ag4 ,almighty and most merciful ,father6 teach us thy will1 that we may know how to please thee4 ,put good thoughts into our hearts1 and right words into our lips1 that our services may be such as thou wilt please to accept4 #ah4 ,forgive1 we pray thee1 the sins we have committed this day1 in thought1 word1 or deed1 and make us truly sorry on account of them4 ,help us to love thee more1 and serve thee better1 for the time to come4 ,illustration #ai4 ,bless all our friends1 and make them thy friends4 ,make us a household serving thee1 that after this life is over1 we may all meet in heaven4 #bj4 ,o then1 great ,shepherd1 who neither slumberest nor sleepest1 take us under thy protection this night2 and when the cheerful light of day again returns1 lead us forth in thy fold1 and keep us from every temptation that will draw us away from thee4 #ba4 ,may our peaceful slumbers remind us of the sleep of death2 and1 on the morning of the resurrection1 wilt thou clothe us in the righteousness of ,christ1 and receive us to dwell with him in life everlasting6 ,amen4 ,,lesson ,,xlv4 ,mary ,dow4--,h4,f4 ,,gould4 #a4 ,come in1 little stranger1 ,i said1 ,as she tapped at my half-opened door1 ,while the blanket pinned over her head ,just reached to the basket she bore4 #b4 ,a look full of innocence fell ,from her modest and pretty blue eye1 ,as she said1 ,i have matches to sell1 ,and hope you are willing to buy4 #c4 ,a penny a bunch is the price2 ,i think you'll not find it too much2 ,they're tied up so even and nice1 ,and ready to light with a touch4 #d4 ,i asked1 ,what's your name1 little girl8 ',tis ,mary1 said she1--,mary ,dow1 ,and carelessly tossed off a curl1 ,that played o'er her delicate brow4 #e4 ,my father was lost in the deep1-- ,the ship never got to the shore2 ,and mother is sad1 and will weep1 ,when she hears the wind blow and sea roar4 #f4 ,she sits there at home1 without food1 ,beside our poor sick ,willie's bed2 ,she paid all her money for wood1 ,and so ,i sell matches for bread4 #g4 ,for every time that she tries ,some things she'd be paid for to make1 ,and lays down the baby1 it cries1 ,and that makes my sick brother wake4 #h4 ,i'd go to the yard and get chips1 ,but1 then1 it would make me too sad1 ,to see men there building the ships1 ,and think they had made one so bad4 #i4 ,i've one other gown1 and1 with care1 ,we think it may decently pass1 ,with my bonnet that's put by to wear ,to meeting and ,sunday-school class4 #aj4 ,i love to go there1 where ,i'm taught1 ,of ,one who's so wise and so good1 ,he knows every action and thought1 ,and gives e'en the raven his food4 #aa4 ,for ,he1 ,i am sure1 who can take ,such fatherly care of a bird1 ,will never forget or forsake ,the children who trust to his word4 #ab4 ,and now1 if ,i only can sell ,the matches ,i brought out to-day1 ,i think ,i shall do very well1 ,and mother'll rejoice at the pay4 #ac4 ,fly home1 little bird1 then ,i thought1 ,fly home1 full of joy1 to your nest6 ,for ,i took all the matches she brought1 ,and ,mary may tell you the rest4 ,,lesson ,,xlvi4 ,it ,snows4--,h4,f4 ,,gould4 #a4 ,it snows6 it snows6 from out the sky1 ,the feathered flakes1 how fast they fly6 ,like little birds1 that don't know why ,they're on the chase1 from place to place1 ,while neither can the other trace4 ,it snows6 it snows6 a merry play ,is o'er us1 on this heavy day6 #b4 ,as dancers in an airy hall1 ,that hasn't room to hold them all1 ,while some keep up and others fall1 ,the atoms shift2 then1 thick and swift1 ,they drive along to form the drift1 ,that1 weaving up1 so dazzling white1 ,is rising like a wall of light4 #c4 ,but now the wind comes whistling loud1 ,to snatch and waft it1 as a cloud1 ,or giant phantom in a shroud2 ,it spreads1 it curls1 it mounts and whirls1 ,at length a mighty wing unfurls1 ,and then1 away6 but where1 none knows1 ,or ever will4--,it snows6 it snows6 #d4 ,to-morrow will the storm be done2 ,then out will come the golden sun1 ,and we shall see1 upon the run ,before his beams1 in sparkling streams1 ,what now a curtain o'er him seems4 ,and thus with life it ever goes1 ',tis shade and shine6--,it snows6 it snows6 ,,lesson ,,xlvii4 ,the ,dissatisfied ,angler ,boy4--,h4,f4 ,,gould4 ,illustration #a4 ,i'm sorry they let me go down to the brook1 ,i'm sorry they gave me the line and the hook1 ,and ,i wish ,i had stayed at home with my book4 ,i'm sure 'twas no pleasure to see ,that poor1 little1 harmless1 suffering thing1 ,silently writhe at the end of the string2 ,or to hold the pole1 while ,i felt him swing ,in torture1 and all for me6 #b4 ',twas a beautiful speckled and glossy trout1 ,and when from the water ,i drew him out ,on the grassy bank1 as he floundered about1 ,it made me shivering cold1 ,to think ,i had caused so much needless pain2 ,and ,i tried to relieve him1 but all in vain2 ,o6 never1 as long as ,i live1 again ,may ,i such a sight behold6 #c4 ,o1 what would ,i give once more to see ,the brisk little swimmer alive and free1 ,and darting about1 as he used to be1 ,unhurt1 in his native brook6 ',tis strange how people can love to play1 ,by taking innocent lives away2 ,i wish ,i had stayed at home to-day1 ,with sister1 and read my book4 ,,lesson ,,xlviii4 ,the ,violet3 a ,fable4--,,children',s ,,magazine4 #a4 ,down in a humble dell ,a modest violet chanced to dwell ,remote from gayer flowers2 ,its days were passed in simple ease1 ,it sipped the dew and kissed the breeze1 ,nor thought of happier hours4 #b4 ,long lived it in this quiet way1 ,till1 on a hot and sultry day ,about the midst of ,june1 ,it chanced to spy a lady fair1 ,all dressed in satins rich and rare1 ,come walking by1 at noon4 #c4 ,and thus the silly flower began3-- ,i much should like to live with man1 ,and other flowers to see2-- ,why is it 7for ,i cannot tell7 ,that ,i forever here should dwell1 ,where there is none but me8 #d4 ,while thus it spoke1 the lady stopped ,to pick up something she had dropped1 ,and there the flower she spied2 ,and soon she plucked it from its bed1 ,just shook the dew-drop from its head1 ,and placed it at her side4 #e4 ,soon at the lady's splendid home ,the violet found that she was come1 ,for all was bright and gay3 ,and then upon the mantel-shelf1 ,with many a flower beside herself1 ,was placed1 without delay4 #f4 ,and oh1 how glad and proud was she ,in such a splendid place to be6-- ,but short was her delight2 ,for rose and lily turned away1 ,and would not deign a word to say ,to such a country wight4 #g4 ,she passed the day in much disgrace1 ,and wished that she might change her place1 ,and be at home again3 ,she sighed for her own mossy bed1 ,where she might rest her aching head2 ,but now to wish were vain4 #h4 ,next morn1 the housemaid1 passing by1 ,just chanced the little flower to spy1 ,and then1 without delay1 ,she rudely seized its tender stalk1 ,and threw it in the gravel walk1 ,and left it to decay4 #i4 ,and thus it mourned1--,o silly flower1 ,to wish to leave its native bower6 ,was it for this ,i sighed8 ,o1 had ,i more contented been1 ,and lived unnoticed and unseen1 ,i might not thus have died6 #aj4 ,nor let this lesson be forgot3 ,remain contented with the lot ,that ,providence decrees4 ,contentment is a richer gem ,than sparkles in a diadem1 ,and gives us greater ease4 ,,lesson ,,xlix4 ,captain ,john ,smith4--,,juvenile ,,miscellany4 #a4 ,the adventures of this singular man are so various1 and so very extraordinary1 that the detail of them seems more like romance than true history4 ,he was born in ,lincolnshire1 ,england1 and was left an orphan at an early age4 #b4 ,his love of adventure displayed itself while he was yet a school-boy4 ,he sold his satchel1 books and clothes1 and went over to ,france1 without the knowledge of his guardians4 #c4 ,afterward1 he served as a soldier in the ,netherlands for several years4 ,at the end of his campaign1 he returned to ,england1 where he recovered a small portion of the estate left him by his deceased father4 #d4 ,this money enabled him to resume his travels under more favorable auspices1 at the age of seventeen4 ,he again went to ,france1 and embarked at ,marseilles 7pronounced ,mar-sales71 with some pious pilgrims1 bound to ,italy4 #e4 ,during this voyage a violent tempest threatened destruction to the vessel2 and poor ,smith being the suspected cause of the impending danger was thrown1 without mercy1 into the sea4 ,illustration #f4 ,he saved himself by his great expertness in swimming2 and soon after went on board another vessel1 bound to ,alexandria1 where he entered into the service of the ,emperor of ,austria1 against the ,turks4 #g4 ,his bravery1 and great ingenuity in all the stratagems of war1 soon made him famous1 and obtained for him the command of two hundred and fifty horsemen4 #h4 ,at the siege of ,regal1 the ,ottomans sent a challenge1 purporting that ,lord ,turbisha1 to amuse the ladies1 would fight with any captain among the ,austrian troops4 ,smith accepted the challenge4 #i4 ,flags of truce were exchanged between the two armies1 and crowds of fair dames and fearless men assembled to witness the combat4 ,lord ,turbisha entered the field well mounted and armed4 #aj4 ,on his shoulders were fixed two large wings made of eagles' feathers1 set in silver1 and richly ornamented with gold and precious stones4 ,a janizary1 or ,turkish soldier1 bore his lance before him1 and another followed1 leading a horse superbly caparisoned4 #aa4 ,smith came upon the ground with less parade4 ,a flourish of trumpets preceded him1 and his lance was supported by a single page4 #ab4 ,the ,turk fell at the first charge1 and ,smith returned to his army in triumph4 ,this so enraged one of the friends of the slain that he sent a challenge to ,smith1 offering him his head1 his horse and his armor1 if he dared come and take them4 #ac4 ,the challenge was accepted1 and the combatants came upon the ground with nearly the same ceremony and splendor4 ,their lances broke at the first charge1 without doing injury to either2 but1 at the second onset1 the ,turk was wounded1 thrown from his horse1 and killed4 ,,lesson ,l4 ,the same subject1 continued4 #a4 ,the ,christian army were at this time anxious to finish erecting some fortifications1 and were very willing to amuse their enemies in this way4 ,they therefore persuaded ,captain ,smith to send a challenge in his turn1 offering his head1 in payment for the two he had won1 to any one who had skill and strength enough to take it4 #b4 ,the offer was accepted2 and a third ,turk tried his fortune with the bold adventurer4 ,this time ,captain ,smith was nearly unhorsed2 but1 by his dexterity and judgment1 he recovered himself1 and soon returned to the camp victorious4 #c4 ,these warlike deeds met with much applause2 and the prince gave him a coat of arms1 signed with the royal seal1 representing three ,turk's heads on a white field4 #d4 ,not long after this1 ,captain ,smith was left wounded on the field of battle1--was taken prisoner by the ,turks1--and sent as a slave to a noble lady in the interior of the country4 #e4 ,he could speak ,italian well1 and his fair mistress was very fond of that language4 ,she listened to accounts of his bravery1 his adventures1 and his misfortunes1 with deepening interest2 and finally sent him to her brother1 a powerful bashaw1 with a request that he should be treated with much kindness4 #f4 ,the proud officer was angry that his sister should trouble herself about a vile ,european slave2 and1 instead of attending to her request1 he caused him to be loaded with irons1 and abused in the most shameful manner4 #g4 ,during the long and tedious period of his slavery1 he suffered as much as it is possible for man to endure2 but at length he killed his tyrannical master1 and1 with great peril1 escaped through the deserts into ,russia4 #h4 ,his romantic genius would not long allow him to remain easy4 ,he could not be happy unless he was engaged in daring and adventurous actions4 ,he no sooner heard of an expedition to ,virginia1 under the command of ,christopher ,newport1 than he resolved to join it4 #i4 ,he arrived in this country with the first emigrants1 who settled in ,jamestown1 ,april #bf1 #afjg4 ,it is said this infant settlement must have perished1 had it not been for the courage and ingenuity of ,captain ,smith4 ,illustration #aj4 ,once they were all nearly dying with hunger1 and the savages utterly refused to sell them any food4 ,in this extremity1 ,smith stole the ,indian idol1 ,okee1 which was made of skins stuffed with moss1 and would not return it until the ,indians sold them as much corn as they wanted4 ,,lesson ,,li4 ,the same subject1 continued4 #a4 ,the colony were once in imminent danger of losing their brave and intelligent friend4 ,while exploring the source of the ,chickahominy river1 he imprudently left his companions1 and1 while alone1 was seen and pursued by a party of savages4 ,he retreated fighting1 killed three ,indians with his own hand1 and probably would have regained his boat in safety1 had he not accidentally plunged into a miry hole1 from which he could not extricate himself4 #b4 ,by this accident1 he was taken prisoner2 and the ,indians would have tortured him1 and put him to death1 according to their cruel customs1 had not his ever-ready wit come to his aid4 #c4 ,he showed them a small ivory compass1 which he had with him1 and1 by signs1 explained many wonderful things to them1 till his enemies were inspired with a most profound respect1 and resolved not to kill the extraordinary man without consulting their chief4 #d4 ,he was1 accordingly1 brought into the presence of the king1 ,powhatan1 who received him in a robe of raccoon skins1 and seated on a kind of throne1 with two beautiful young daughters at his side4 ,after a long consultation1 he was condemned to die4 #e4 ,two large stones were brought1 his head laid upon one of them1 and the war-clubs raised to strike the deadly blow4 ,at this moment1 ,pocahontas1 the king's favorite daughter1 sprang forward1 threw herself between him and the executioners1 and by her entreaties saved his life4 #f4 ,powhatan promised him that he should return to ,jamestown1 if the ,english would give him a certain quantity of ammunition and trinkets4 ,smith agreed to obtain them1 provided a messenger would carry a leaf to his companions4 ,on this leaf he briefly stated what must be sent4 #g4 ,powhatan had never heard of writing2--he laughed at the idea that a leaf could speak1 and regarded the whole as an imposition on the part of the prisoner4 #h4 ,when1 however1 the messenger returned with the promised ransom1 he regarded ,smith as nothing less than a wizard1 and gladly allowed him to depart4 ,it seemed to be the fate of this singular man to excite a powerful interest wherever he went4 #i4 ,pocahontas had such a deep attachment for him1 that1 in #afji1 when only fourteen years old1 she stole away from her tribe1 and1 during a most dreary night1 walked to ,jamestown1 to tell him that her father had formed the design of cutting off the whole ,english settlement4 #aj4 ,thus she a second time saved his life1 at the hazard of her own4 ,this charming ,indian girl did not meet with all the gratitude she deserved4 #aa4 ,before #afab1 ,captain ,smith received a wound1 which made it necessary for him to go to ,england1 for surgical aid2 and after his departure a copper kettle was offered to any ,indian who would bring ,pocahontas to the ,english settlement4 #ab4 ,she was1 accordingly1 stolen from her father1 and carried prisoner to ,jamestown4 ,powhatan offered five hundred bushels of corn as a ransom for his darling child4 #ac4 ,before the negotiation was finished1 an ,englishman of good character1 by the name of ,thomas ,rolfe1 became attached to ,pocahontas1 and they were soon after married1 with the king's consent4 #ad4 ,this event secured peace to the ,english for many years4 ,the ,indian bride became a ,christian1 and was baptized4 ,,lesson ,,lii4 ,the same subject1 concluded4 #a4 ,in #afaf1 ,pocahontas went to ,england with her husband1--was introduced at court1 and received great attention4 #b4 ,king ,james is said to have been very indignant that any of his subjects should have dared to marry a princess2 but ,captain ,smith has been accused1 perhaps falsely1 of being sufficiently cold and selfish to blush for his acquaintance with the generous ,north ,american savage4 #c4 ,pocahontas never returned to her native country4 ,she died at ,gravesend1 in #afag1 just as she was about to embark for ,america4 #d4 ,she left one son1 ,thomas ,rolfe2 and from his daughter are descended several people of high rank in ,virginia1 among whom was the celebrated ,john ,randolph of ,roanoke4 #e4 ,smith had many adventures1 after his wound obliged him to leave ,jamestown4 ,he visited this country again2 made a voyage to the ,summer ,isles2 fought with pirates2 joined the ,french against the ,spaniards2 and was adrift1 in a little boat1 alone1 on the stormy sea1 during a night so tempestuous that thirteen ,french ships were wrecked1 near the ,isle of ,re2 yet he was saved4 #f4 ,he died in ,london1 in #afca1 in the fifty-second year of his age1 after having published his singular adventures in ,europe1 ,asia1 ,africa1 and ,america4 ,,lesson ,,liii4 ,john ,ledyard4--,,juvenile ,,miscellany4 #a4 ,few men have done so much1 in a short life1 as ,john ,ledyard4 ,when he was a mere boy1 he built a canoe with his own hands1 and descended ,connecticut river alone and unassisted4 #b4 ,he enlisted as a soldier1 at ,gibraltar2 and afterwards1 in the humble character of corporal of the marines1 he sailed round the world with the celebrated ,captain ,cook4 #c4 ,after his return to ,england1 he formed the bold design of traversing the northern parts of ,europe and ,asia1 crossing ,behring's ,straits1 and examining the whole of ,north ,america1 from east to west4 #d4 ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 famous for his generosity to men of enterprise1 furnished him with money for the undertaking4 ,he expended nearly all of it in purchasing sea stores2 and these1 most unluckily1 were all seized by a custom-house officer1 on account of some articles which the ,english law forbade to be exported4 #e4 ,poor ,ledyard was now left in utter poverty2 but he was a resolute man1 and he would not be discouraged4 ,with only ten guineas in his purse1 he attempted to walk over the greater part of three continents4 #f4 ,he walked through ,denmark and ,sweden1 and attempted to cross the great ,gulf of ,bothnia1 on his way to ,siberia2 but when he reached the middle of that inland sea1 he found the water was not frozen1 and he was obliged to foot it back to ,stockholm4 #g4 ,he then traveled round the head of the gulf1 and descended to ,st4 ,petersburg4 ,here he was soon discovered to be a man of talents and activity2 and though he was without money1 and absolutely destitute of stockings and shoes1 he was treated with great attention4 #h4 ,the ,portuguese ambassador invited him to dine1 and was so much pleased with him1 that he used his influence to obtain for him a free passage in the government wagons1 then going to ,irkutsk1 in ,siberia1 at the command of the ,empress ,katharine4 #i4 ,he went from this place to ,yakutz1 and there awaited the opening of the spring1 full of the animating hope of soon completing his wearisome journey4 ,but misfortune seemed to follow him wherever he went4 #aj4 ,the empress could not believe that any man in his senses was traveling through the ice and snows of uncivilized ,siberia1 merely for the sake of seeing the country and the people4 #aa4 ,she imagined that he was an ,english spy1 sent there merely for the purpose of prying into the state of her empire and her government4 ,she therefore employed two ,russian soldiers to seize him1 and convey him out of her dominions4 #ab4 ,taken1 he knew not why1 and obliged to go off without his clothes1 his money1 or his papers1 he was seated in one of the strange-looking sledges used in those northern deserts1 and carried through ,tartary and ,white ,russia1 to the frontiers of ,poland4 #ac4 ,covered with dirty rags1 worn out with hardships1 sick almost unto death1 without friends and without money1 he begged his way to ,konigsberg1 in ,prussia4 ,,lesson ,,liv4 ,the same subject1 concluded4 #a4 ,in this hour of deep distress1 he found a person willing to take his draft for five guineas on the ,royal ,society of ,england4 ,with this assistance1 he arrived in the land of our forefathers4 #b4 ,he immediately applied to his ever-ready friend1 ,sir ,joseph ,banks1 for employment4 ,sir ,joseph1 knowing that nothing suited him better than perilous adventures1 told him that a company had just been formed1 for the purpose of penetrating into the interior of ,africa1 and discovering the source of the river ,niger4 #c4 ,burning sands1 savage negroes1 venomous serpents1 all the frightful animals of the torrid zone1 could not alarm the intrepid soul of ,ledyard4 ,he immediately expressed his desire to go4 #d4 ,when the map was spread before him1 and his dangerous journey pointed out1 he promptly exclaimed1 ,i will go to-morrow morning4 #e4 ,the gentleman smiled at his eagerness1 and gladly intrusted him with an expedition in which suffering and peril were certain1 and success extremely doubtful4 ,he left ,london on the #cjth of ,june1 #aghh1 and arrived in ,grand ,cairo on the #aith of ,august4 #f4 ,there he spent his time to great advantage1 in searching for and deciphering the various wonders of that ancient and once learned land4 #g4 ,his letters from ,egypt were delightful4 ,they showed much enthusiasm1 united with the most patient and laborious exertion4 ,the company formed great hopes concerning his discoveries in ,senaar1 and awaited letters from that country with much anxiety4 #h4 ,but1 alas6 he never reached there4 ,he was seized with a violent illness at ,cairo2 died1 and was decently buried beside the ,english who had ended their days in that celebrated city4 #i4 ,we should never read accounts of great or good men without learning some profitable lesson4 ,if we cannot1 like ,ledyard1 defend ,gibraltar1 sail round the world with ,captain ,cook1 project trading voyages to the north-west coast1 study ,egyptian hieroglyphics1 and traverse the dreary northern zone on foot1--we can1 at least1 learn from him the important lesson of perseverance4 #aj4 ,the boy who perseveringly pores over a hard lesson1 and who will not give up an intricate problem until he has studied it out1 forms a habit1 which1 in after life1 will make him a great man2 and he who resolutely struggles against his own indolence1 violent temper1 or any other bad propensity1 will most assuredly be a good one4 ,,lesson ,,lv4 ,learning to ,work4--,,original4 #a4 ,a few years ago1 several little volumes were published1 called ,the ,rollo ,books1 which are full of interesting stories about a little boy of that name4 ,they were written by a gentleman whose name is ,abbott4 #b4 ,they are not only interesting1 but also very instructive books2 and no little boy or girl can read them1 without learning many very useful lessons from them4 ,they are not only useful to young persons1 but their parents1 also1 have derived many useful hints from them1 in the management of their children4 #c4 ,the following little story is taken from one of them1 called ,rollo at ,work2 and ,i hope that my little friends who read this story at school will also read it at home to their parents1 because it will be both interesting and useful to them4 #d4 ,the story begins1 by telling us that ,rollo's father had set him at work in the barn1 with a box full of nails1 directing him to pick them all over1 and to put all those that were alike by themselves4 #e4 ,rollo began very willingly at first1 but soon grew tired of the work1 and left it unfinished4 ,the remainder of the story will be found in the following lessons1 in ,mr4 ,abbott's own words4 ,,lesson ,,lvi4 ,the same subject1 continued4--,,abbott4 #a4 ,that evening1 when ,rollo was just going to bed1 his father took him up in his lap1 and told him he had concluded what to do4 #b4 ,you see it is very necessary1 said he1 that you should have the power of confining yourself steadily and patiently to a single employment1 even if it does not amuse you4 #c4 ,i have to do that1 and all people have to do it2 and you must learn to do it1 or you will grow up indolent and useless4 ,you cannot do it now1 it is very plain4 #d4 ,if ,i set you to doing anything1 you go on as long as the novelty and the amusement last2 and then your patience is gone1 and you contrive every possible excuse for getting away from your task4 #e4 ,now1 ,i am going to give you one hour's work to do1 every forenoon and afternoon4 ,i shall give you such things to do as are perfectly plain and easy1 so that you will have no excuse for neglecting your work1 or leaving it4 #f4 ,but yet ,i shall choose such things as will afford you no amusement2 for my wish is that you should learn to work1 not play4 #g4 ,but1 father1 said ,rollo1 you told me there was pleasure in work1 the other day4 ,but how can there be any pleasure in it1 if you choose such things as have no amusement in them1 at all8 #h4 ,the pleasure of working1 said his father1 is not the fun of doing amusing things1 but the satisfaction and solid happiness of being faithful in duty1 and accomplishing some useful purpose4 #i4 ,for example1 if ,i were to lose my pocket-book on the road1 and should tell you to walk back a mile1 and look carefully all the way1 until you found it1 and if you did it faithfully and carefully1 you would find a kind of satisfaction in doing it2 and when you found the pocket-book1 and brought it back to me1 you would enjoy a high degree of happiness4 ,should not you8 #aj4 ,why1 yes1 sir1 ,i should1 said ,rollo4--,and1 yet1 there would be no amusement in it4 ,you might1 perhaps1 the next day1 go over the same road1 catching butterflies2 that would be amusement4 ,now1 the pleasure you would enjoy in looking for the pocket-book would be the solid satisfaction of useful work4 #aa4 ,the pleasure of catching butterflies would be the amusement of play4 ,now1 the difficulty is1 with you1 that you have scarcely any idea1 yet1 of the first4 #ab4 ,you are all the time looking for the other2 that is1 the amusement4 ,you begin to work1 when ,i give you anything to do2 but if you do not find amusement in it1 you soon give it up4 ,but if you would only persevere1 you would find1 at length1 a solid satisfaction1 that would be worth a great deal more4 #ac4 ,rollo sat still1 and listened2 but his father saw1 from his looks1 that he was not much interested in what he was saying2 and he perceived that it was not at all probable that so small a boy could be reasoned into liking work4 #ad4 ,in fact1 it was rather hard for ,rollo to understand all that his father said2 and still harder for him to feel the force of it4 ,he began to grow sleepy1 and so his father let him go to bed4 ,,lesson ,,lvii4 ,the same subject1 concluded4 ,illustration #a4 ,the next day1 his father gave him his work4 ,he was to begin at ten o'clock1 and work till eleven1 gathering beans in the garden4 #b4 ,his father went out with him1 and waited to see how long it took him to gather half a pint1 and then calculated how many he could gather in an hour1 if he was industrious4 ,rollo knew that if he failed now he should be punished in some way1 although his father did not say anything about punishment4 #c4 ,when he was set at work1 the day before1 about the nails1 he was making an experiment1 as it were1 and he did not expect to be actually punished1 if he failed2 but now he knew that he was under orders1 and must obey4 #d4 ,so he worked very diligently1 and when his father came out1 at the end of the hour1 he found that ,rollo had got rather more beans than he had expected4 ,rollo was much gratified to see his father pleased2 and he carried in his large basket full of beans to show his mother1 with great pleasure4 #e4 ,then he went to play1 and enjoyed himself very highly4 ,the next morning1 his father said to him1--,well1 ,rollo1 you did very well yesterday2 but doing right once is a very different thing from forming a habit of doing right4 ,i can hardly expect you will succeed as well to-day2 or1 if you should to-day1 that you will to-morrow4 #f4 ,rollo thought he should4 ,his work was to pick up all the loose stones in the road1 and carry them1 in a basket1 to a great heap of stones behind the barn4 #g4 ,but he was not quite faithful4 ,his father observed him playing several times4 ,he did not speak to him1 however1 until the hour was over2 and then he called him in4 #h4 ,rollo1 said he1 you have failed to-day4 ,you have not been very idle1 but have not been industrious2 and the punishment which ,i have concluded to try first is1 to give you only bread and water for dinner4 #i4 ,so1 when dinner-time came1 and the family sat down to the good beef-steak and apple-pie which was upon the table1 ,rollo knew that he was not to come4 ,he felt very unhappy1 but he did not cry4 #aj4 ,his father called him1 and cut off a good slice of bread1 and put into his hands1 and told him he might go and eat it on the steps of the back door4 ,if you should be thirsty1 he added1 you may ask ,mary to give you some water4 #aa4 ,rollo took the bread1 and went out1 and took his solitary seat on the stone step leading into the back yard2 and1 in spite of all his efforts to prevent it1 the tears would come into his eyes4 #ab4 ,he thought of his guilt in disobeying his father1 and he felt unhappy to think that his father and mother were seated together at their pleasant table1 and that he could not come1 because he had been an undutiful son4 ,he determined that he would never be unfaithful in his work again4 #ac4 ,he went on1 after this1 several days1 very well4 ,his father gave him various kinds of work to do1 and he began1 at last1 to find a considerable degree of satisfaction in doing it4 #ad4 ,he found1 particularly1 that he enjoyed himself a great deal more after his work than before2 and1 whenever he saw what he had done1 it gave him pleasure4 #ae4 ,after he had picked up the loose stones before the house1 for instance1 he drove his hoop about there with unusual satisfaction2 enjoying the neat and tidy appearance of the road much more than he would have done1 if ,jonas had cleared it4 ,in fact1 in the course of a month1 ,rollo became quite a faithful and efficient little workman4 ,illustration ,,lesson ,,lviii4 ,the ,comma4 ,,the ,,comma is a mark like this 1 ,when you come to a comma in reading1 you must generally make a short pause4 ,sometimes you must use the falling inflection of the voice1 when you come to a comma2 and sometimes you must keep your voice suspended1 as if some one had stopped you before you had read all that you intended4 ,the general rule1 when you come to a comma1 is1 to stop just long enough to count one4 ,,examples4 ,diligence1 industry1 and proper improvement of time1 are material duties of the young4 ,he is generous1 just1 charitable1 and humane4 ,by wisdom1 by art1 by the united strength of a civil community1 men have been enabled to subdue the whole race of lions1 bears1 and serpents4 ,sometimes a comma must be read like a question4 ,do you pretend to sit as high in school as ,anthony8 ,did you read as correctly1 articulate as distinctly1 speak as loudly1 or behave as well1 as he8 ,did he recite his lesson correctly1 read audibly1 and appear to understand what he read8 ,was his copy written neatly1 his letters made handsomely1 and did no blot appear on his book8 ,was his wealth stored fraudfully1 the spoil of orphans wronged1 and widows who had none to plead their rights8 ,have not you1 too1 gone about the earth like an evil genius1 blasting the fair fruits of peace and industry8 ,is that a map which you have before you1 with the leaves blotted with ink8 ,will you say that your time is your own1 and that you have a right to employ it in the manner you please8 ,sometimes a comma is to be read like a period1 with the falling inflection of the voice4 ,the teacher directed him to take his seat1 to study his lesson1 and to pass no more time in idleness4 ,it is said by unbelievers that religion is dull1 unsocial1 uncharitable1 enthusiastic1 a damper of human joy1 a morose intruder upon human pleasure4 ,charles has brought his pen instead of his pencil1 his paper instead of his slate1 his grammar instead of his arithmetic4 ,perhaps you have mistaken sobriety for dullness1 equanimity for moroseness1 disinclination to bad company for aversion to society1 abhorrence of vice for uncharitableness1 and piety for enthusiasm4 ,henry was careless1 thoughtless1 heedless1 and inattentive4 ,sometimes the comma is to be read like an exclamation4 ,o1 how can you destroy those beautiful things which your father procured for you6 that beautiful top1 those polished marbles1 that excellent ball1 and that beautiful painted kite1--oh1 how can you destroy them1 and expect that he will buy you new ones6 ,o1 how canst thou renounce the boundless store of charms that ,nature to her votary yields6 the warbling woodland1 the resounding shore1 the pomp of groves1 the garniture of fields1 all that the genial ray of morning gilds1 and all that echoes to the song of even1 all that the mountain's sheltering bosom shields1 and all the dread magnificence of heaven1 oh1 how canst thou renounce1 and hope to be forgiven6 ,sometimes the comma1 and other marks1 are to be read without any pause or inflection of the voice4 ,you see1 boys1 what a fine school-room we have1 in which you can pursue your studies4 ,you see1 my son1 this wide and large firmament over our heads1 where the sun and moon1 and all the stars1 appear in their turns4 ,therefore1 my child1 fear1 and worship1 and love ,god4 ,he that can read as well as you can1 ,james1 need not be ashamed to read aloud4 ,he that can make the multitude laugh and weep as you can1 ,mr4 ,shakspeare1 need not fear scholars4 ,sometimes the pause of a comma must be made where there is no pause in your book4 ,spaces are left1 in the following sentences1 where the pause is proper4 ,james was very much delighted with the picture which he saw4 ,the ,europeans were hardly less amazed at the scene now before them4 ,the inhabitants were entirely naked4 ,their black hair1 long and curled1 floated upon their shoulders1 or was bound in tresses around their head4 ,persons of reflection and sensibility contemplate with interest the scenes of nature4 ,the succession and contrast of the seasons give scope to that care and foresight1 diligence and industry1 which are essential to the dignity and enjoyment of human beings4 ,the pupil may read the following sentences2 but before reading them1 he may tell after what word the pause should be made4 ,the pause is not printed in the sentences1 but it must be made when reading them4 ,and here it may be observed1 that the comma is more frequently used to point out the grammatical divisions of a sentence than to indicate a rest or cessation of the voice4 ,good reading depends much upon skill and judgment in making those pauses which the sense of the sentence dictates1 but which are not noted in the book2 and the sooner the pupil is taught to make them1 with proper discrimination1 the surer and the more rapid will be his progress in the art of reading4 ,while they were at their silent meal a horseman came galloping to the door1 and1 with a loud voice1 called out that he had been sent express with a letter to ,gilbert ,ainslee4 ,the golden head that was wont to rise at that part of the table was now wanting4 ,for even though absent from school ,i shall get the lesson4 ,for even though dead ,i will control the trophies of the capitol4 ,it is now two hundred years since attempts have been made to civilize the ,north ,american savage4 ,doing well has something more in it than the fulfilling of a duty4 ,you will expect me to say something of the lonely records of the former races that inhabited this country4 ,there is no virtue without a characteristic beauty to make it particularly loved by the good1 and to make the bad ashamed of their neglect of it4 ,a sacrifice was never yet offered to a principle1 that was not made up to us by self-approval1 and the consideration of what our degradation would have been had we done otherwise4 ,the following story has been handed down by family tradition for more than a century4 ,the succession and contrast of the seasons give scope to that care and foresight1 diligence and industry1 which are essential to the dignity and enjoyment of human beings1 whose happiness is connected with the exertion of their faculties4 ,a lion of the largest size measures from eight to nine feet from the muzzle to the origin of the tail1 which last is of itself about four feet long4 ,the height of the larger specimens is four or five feet4 ,the following anecdote will show with what obstinate perseverance pack-horses have been known to preserve the line of their order4 ,good-morning to you1 ,charles6 ,whose book is that which you have under your arm8 ,a benison upon thee1 gentle huntsman6 ,whose towers are these that overlook the wood8 ,the incidents of the last few days have been such as will probably never again be witnessed by the people of ,america1 and such as were never before witnessed by any nation under heaven4 ,to the memory of ,andre his country has erected the most magnificent monuments1 and bestowed on his family the highest honors and most liberal rewards4 ,to the memory of ,hale not a stone has been erected1 and the traveler asks in vain for the place of his long sleep4 ,,lesson ,,lix4 ,the ,semicolon4 ,,the ,,semicolon is made by a comma placed under a period1 thus 2 ,when you come to a semicolon1 you must generally make a pause twice as long as you would make at a comma4 ,sometimes you must keep the voice suspended when you come to a semicolon1 as in the following3 ,,examples4 ,that ,god whom you see me daily worship2 whom ,i daily call upon to bless both you and me1 and all mankind2 whose wondrous acts are recorded in those ,scriptures which you constantly read2 that ,god who created the heaven and the earth is your ,father and ,friend4 ,my son1 as you have been used to look to me in all your actions1 and have been afraid to do anything unless you first knew my will2 so let it now be a rule of your life to look up to ,god in all your actions4 ,sometimes you must use the falling inflection of the voice when you come to a semicolon1 as in the following3 ,,examples4 ,let your dress be sober1 clean1 and modest2 not to set off the beauty of your person1 but to declare the sobriety of your mind2 that your outward garb may resemble the inward plainness and simplicity of your heart4 ,in meat and drink1 observe the rules of ,christian temperance and sobriety2 consider your body only as the servant and minister of your soul2 and only so nourish it1 as it may best perform an humble and obedient service4 ,condescend to all the weakness and infirmities of your fellow-creatures2 cover their frailties2 love their excellences2 encourage their virtues2 relieve their wants2 rejoice in their prosperity2 compassionate their distress2 receive their friendship2 overlook their unkindness2 forgive their malice2 be a servant of servants2 and condescend to do the lowest offices for the lowest of mankind4 ,the semicolon is sometimes used for a question1 and sometimes as an exclamation4 ,,examples4 ,hast thou not set at defiance my authority2 violated the public peace1 and passed thy life in injuring the persons and properties of thy fellow-subjects8 ,o1 it was impious2 it was unmanly2 it was poor and pitiful6 ,have not you too gone about the earth like an evil genius2 blasting the fair fruits of peace and industry2 plundering1 ravaging1 killing1 without law1 without justice1 merely to gratify an insatiable lust for dominion8 ,what a glorious monument of human invention1 that has thus triumphed over wind and wave2 has brought the ends of the earth in communion2 has established an interchange of blessings1 pouring into the sterile regions of the north all the luxuries of the south2 diffused the light of knowledge and the charities of cultivated life2 and has thus bound together those scattered portions of the human race1 between which ,nature seemed to have thrown an insurmountable barrier6 ,,lesson ,,lx4 ,the ,colon4 ,,the ,,colon consists of two periods placed one above the other1 thus 3 ,sometimes the passage ending with a colon is to be read with the voice suspended2 but it should generally be read with the falling inflection of the voice4 ,the general rule1 when you come to a colon1 is to stop just long enough to count three2 or three times as long as you are directed to pause at a comma4 ,,examples4 ,law and order are forgotten3 violence and rapine are abroad3 the golden cords of society are loosed4 ,the temples are profaned3 the soldier's curse resounds in the house of ,god3 the marble pavement is trampled by iron hoofs3 horses neigh beside the altar4 ,blue wreaths of smoke ascend through the trees1 and betray the half-hidden cottage3 the eye contemplates well-thatched ricks1 and barns bursting with plenty3 the peasant laughs at the approach of winter4 ,the following passages ending with a colon are to be read with the voice suspended3 ,do not flatter yourselves with the hope of perfect happiness3 there is no such thing in the world4 ,a boy at school is by no means at liberty to read what books he pleases3 he must give attention to those which contain his lessons2 so that1 when he is called upon to recite1 he may be ready1 fluent1 and accurate1 in repeating the portion assigned him4 ,as we perceive the shadow to have moved along the dial1 but did not perceive its moving2 and it appears that the grass has grown1 though nobody ever saw it grow3 so the advances we make in knowledge1 as they consist of such minute steps1 are perceivable only by the distance gone over4 ,when the proud steed shall know why man restrains his fiery course1 or drives him o'er the plains2 when the dull ox1 why now he breaks the clod1 is now a victim1 and now ,egypt's god3 then shall man's pride and dullness comprehend his actions'1 passions'1 being's use and end4 ,jehovah1 ,god of hosts1 hath sworn1 saying3 ,surely1 as ,i have devised1 so shall it be2 and as ,i have purposed1 so shall it stand4 ,george1 you must not laugh at me2 ,i will not bear it4 ,you forget what you are about when you ridicule me3 ,i know more than you do about the lessons4 ,i never heard a word about it before1 said ,george1 yesterday3 who told you about it1 ,charles8 ,i never heard one word of it before1 said my uncle ,toby1 hastily3 how came he there1 ,trim8 ,thou shalt pronounce this parable upon the ,king of ,babylon2 and shalt say3 ,how hath the oppressor ceased8 ,it is not only in the sacred fane that homage should be paid to the ,most ,high3 there is a temple1 one not made with hands2 the vaulted firmament3 far in the woods1 almost beyond the sound of city-chime1 at intervals heard through the breezeless air4 ,,the ,,end4 ,illustration3 ,list of textbooks ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,to retain the flavor of this schoolbook1 the ,transcriber has left all grammar errors in tact4 ,any exceptions are noted below4 ,page vii3 ,opening bracket added to first sentence4 ,the ,poetical ,extracts ,page #aca3 ,period added3 generosity4 ,page #aci3 ,period added3 she was immovable4 ,page #aej3 ,period added3 #ah4 ,page #aed3 ,period added3 ,the same1 subject1 continued4 ,page #afe3 ,word might changed to mighty due to space in poem and poem's scheme4 ,page #bjb3 ,word curse is presumed3 444curse resounds in the 444