,,! ,,eclipse ,,( ,,fai?2 ,,or ,a ,,visit ,,to ,a ,,religi\s ,,sceptic4 ,,fif? ,,edition4 ,,bo/on3 ,,crosby1 ,,ni*ols ,,& ,,company1 #aaa ,,wa%+ton ,,/reet4 #ahed4 ,,am]ican ,,preface4 ,! effect ( ! p]usal ( ?is book1 & ! e/imate put ^u x by a read]1 w dep5d ^u 8 tak+ ) him a "r view ( its design4 ,t design seems 9 ! m9d ( ! writ] to h be5 v def9ite & v re/rict$4 ,if he %\ld be ?\ght to h int5d$ an answ] to all ! elaborate objections f criticism & philosophy rec5tly or r5ew$ly urg$ aga9/ fai? 9 ! ,*ri/ian revelation1 &1 /ill m1 if ! read] %\ld suppose t ! au?or _h aim$ to remove all ! difficulties 9 ! way ( su* a fai?1 he w\ld equally insure 8 own disappo9tm5t1 & wrong ! writ]4 ,! book comes =? anonym\sly1 b x is ascrib$ to ,mr4 ,h5ry ,rog]s1 "s ( ^: v able pap]s 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review h be5 republi%$ 9 two octavo volumes 9 ,engl&1 & "o ( ^: articles1 t on ,reason & ,fai?1 dealt ) "s ( ! topics :i* =m ! subject-matt] ( ?is volume4 ,! au?or seems to h view$ ) a ke5ly att5tive & anxi\s m9d ! g5]ally unsettl$ /ate ( op9ion1 equally among ! lit]>y & "s ( ! humbl] classes 9 ,engl&1 conc]n+ ! t]ms & ! sanction ( a religi\s fai?1 especially z ! issue be>s ^u ! cont5ts & ! au?ority ( ! ,bible4 ,t he und]/&s ! /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* he proposes himself z "o :o has a ^w to utt]1 w be all[$ by all c&id judges1 :atev] criticism !y may pass ^u ! effectiv5ess ( 8 own argum5t4 ,!re is abundant evid5ce 9 ?is book ( 8 l>ge intimacy ) ! fre%e/ =ms ( speculation1 z develop$ by ! free ?\ght ( our age4 ,:ile he id5tifies ^! speculations ) ! rec5t writ]s :o h adopt$ !m1 he is n to be und]/ood z all[+ t ^! writ]s h orig9at$ any novel speculations1 or excell$ ! sceptics ( =m] times 9 acut5ess1 or plausibility1 or success 9 urg+ _! cause4 ,he adopts ! me?od ( ! ,platonic dialogue1 & exhibits a dialectic skill 9 conf\nd+ by objections :5 objections c be made to d s]vice z argum5ts4 ,8 frank admission t he leaves insurm\ntable objections & unfa?omable my/]ies /ill involv$ 9 ! !me1 a portion ( ^: range alone he trav]ses1 %\ld secure him f ! imputation ( hav+ attempt$ too mu*1 or ( boa/fulness = :at he consid]s t he has accompli%$4 ,! trucul5t notice ( ?is book 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,review = ,july is :olly unwor?y ( ! reputation & ! claims ( t j\rnal4 ,probably a c>eful p]usal ( ! book is an ess5tial condition = enlight5+ ! m9d ( ! writ]1 & = rectify+ 8 judgm5t1 s f> z in=mation has p[] to promote c&or4 ,! ,prospective ,review = ,augu/1 9 an article on ! "w1 = ! mo/ "p comm5datory1 ?\gh c]ta9ly )\t any w>m? ( praise1 makes ! prom95t /ricture ^u x to be1 a *>ge aga9/ ! au?or ( hav+ evad$ ! grave/1 & 9 "o s5se ! only s]i\s difficulty1 ) :i* ! evid5ces he supports h to cont5d4 ,?is difficulty is def9$ to be 9 ! "q z to :e!r our f\r ,gospels are ess5tially & sub/antially docum5ts f ! p5s ( ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 actual companions & contempor>ies ( ,him ^: life & lessons are !re9 record$4 ,! ,review] pr(esses to h satisfi$ 8 own m9d by an affirmative conclusion on ?is po9t4 ,b reg>d+ ! "q z ! v turn+-po9t1 ! p>am\nt & vital elem5t ( ! exi/+ issue betwe5 fai? & unbelief1 & n f9d+ x to be dealt ) 9 ?is volume1 ! ,review] consid]s t x is evad$4 ,x might be urg$ 9 reply1 t ?is "q is n to o!r m9ds ( su* p>am\nt importance1 & t its affirmative answ] w\ld n be conclusive1 z x w\ld /ill leave op5 o!r que/ions2 su*1 = in/ance1 z ^? :i* ent] into ! !ories ( ,paulus & o!r ,rationali/s1 & su* z are n ev5 exclud$ f ! incid5tal adjuncts ( ,/rauss's my?ical !ory4 ,x might also be urg$1 t1 all[+ ! "q to be p>am\nt 9 its relation to ! :ole issue1 x is "o :i* is n s judici\sly dealt ) 9 ! discursiv5ess ( dialogues aft] d9n]1 z 9 ! solit>y /udy1 ) piles ( huge tomes1 lexicons1 & manuscripts t require a mo/ delib]ate exam9ation4 ,b to leave ! m]its & ! relative importance ( ?is "q undebat$1 x might h be5 m g5]\s 9 ! ,review] to h conf9$ 8 criticisms to a decision ^u :at ! au?or has endeavor$ to accompli%1 in/ead ( impugn+ 8 judgm5t 9 ! selection ( ! po9ts on :i* to employ 8 p54 ,h[ ev] desirable x may be t we %\ld h 9 ano!r =m :at ,mr4 ,norton has pres5t$ s ?or\ghly 9 8 "w on ! ,g5u95ess ( ! ,gospels1 x is en\gh to answ] to ! ,review] 9 ! ,prospective1 t ! writ] ( ?is volume address$ himself to a diff]5t c\rse ( argum5t1 />t+ f o!r div]g5ces ( op9ion1 philosophical r ?an critical 9 _! relations4 ,he c]ta9ly 0 free to select ! me?od & ! direction ( 8 argum5t1 if he c&idly repres5t$ ! answ]+ po9t ( view ( ^? to :om he oppos$ himself4 ,amid _m episodes & int]ludes ( fancy & n>rative1 x w be f\nd t ! volume arrays its =ce ( argum5t aga9/ two ( ! assumptions alike ( mod]n & ( anci5t scepticism2 namely1 t a revelation f ,god to m5 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( a book is an unreasonable t5et ( belief2 & t x is impossible t a miracle %\ld occur1 & impossible t its occurr5ce %\ld be au!nticat$4 ,!re is a vigor\s & logical p[] display$ 9 ! discussion ( ^! two po9ts4 ,! discomfiture ( ^? :o urge ^! assumptions does n ( c\rse conv9ce all scepticism1 or sub/itute fai? = x1 b x is some?+ to discomfit su* pleas1 & to expose ! fallacies :i* confuse ! m9ds ( _! advocates4 ,! matt]s ( debate are l(ty1 & !re is no levity 9 _! treatm5t4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,he :o reads ?is book only sup]ficially w at once see t x is n all fiction2 & he :o reads x m ?an sup]ficially w z easily see t x is n all fact4 ,9 :at proportions x is compos$ ( ei!r w\ld probably require a v acute critic accurately to det]m9e4 ,z ! ,editor makes no pret5sions to su* acum51--z he c lay claim to only an imp]fect k ( ! pr9cipal p]sonage 9 ! volume1 & nev] _h any p]sonal acqua9tance ) ! s+ul> y\?1 "s traits ( ^: "* & "s glimpses ( ^: hi/ory are "h giv51 --he leaves ! above "q to ! decision ( ! read]4 ,at ! same "t1 x is ( no consequ5ce 9 ! _w4 ,! "* & purport ( ! volume are suffici5tly disclos$ 9 ! p>t+ words ( ! ,j\rnali/4 ,x aspires1 z is ju/ly said1 to none ( ! appropriate int]e/ ei!r ( a novel or a biography4 ,x might h be5 v prop]ly entitl$ ,!ological ,fragm5ts4 ,m>* #ca1 #aheb4 ,,introduction ,a ,,g5u9e ,,sceptic ,a ,,v]satile ,,believ] ,,puritan ,,infidelity ,,"l ,,h]b]t ,,& ,,mod]n ,,deism ,,"s ,,curi\s ,,p>adoxes ,,problems ,a ,,dialogue ,,%[+ ,,t ,,t ,,may ,,be ,,possible ,,) ,,man ,,:i* ,,is ,,impossible ,,) ,,god ,,sceptic',s ,,favorite ,,topics ,,un/able ,,equilibrium ,a ,,sceptics ,,fir/ ,,cate*ism ,,"s ,,light ,,on ,,! ,,my/]y ,,belief ,,& ,,fai? ,,! ,,via ,,m$ia ,,( ,,deism ,a ,,sceptic',s ,,select ,,p>ty ,,h[ ,,x ,,0 ,,t ,,infidelity ,,prev5t$ ,,my ,,becom+ ,,an ,,infidel ,,skirmi%es ,,*ri/ian ,,e?ics ,,! ,,blank ,,bible ,a ,,dialogue ,,9 ,,:i* ,,x ,,is ,,cont5d$ ,,t ,,miracles ,,are ,,impossible1 ,,b ,,t ,,x ,,is ,,impossible ,,to ,,prove ,,x ,,! ,,analogies ,,( ,,an ,,ext]nal ,,revelation ,,) ,,! ,,laws ,,& ,,conditions ,,( ,,human ,,developm5t ,,on ,a ,,prevail+ ,,fallacy ,,hi/oric ,,cr$ibility ,a ,,knotty ,,po9t ,,m$ical ,,analogies ,,hi/oric ,,criticism ,,! ,,papal ,,aggression ,,prov$ ,,to ,,be ,,impossible ,,! ,,p>adise ,,( ,,fools ,a ,,future ,,life ,a ,,v>iable ,,quantity ,,discussion ,,( ,,?ree ,,po9ts ,,! ,,la/ ,,ev5+ ,,! ,,eclipse ,,( ,,fai?4 ,to ,e4 ,b99999999991 ,mission>y 9 ------1 ,s\? ,pacific4 ,w$nesday1 ,june #ah1 #ahea4 ,my ,de> ,edw>d3-- ,y h m ?an once ask$ me to s5d y1 9 y\r di/ant solitude1 my impressions respect+ ! religi\s di/ractions 9 :i* y\r native c\ntry has be5 ( late ye>s involv$4 ,i h refus$1 p>tly1 because x w\ld take a volume to give y any j notions on ! subject2 & p>tly1 because ,i am n q sure t y w\ld n be happi] 9 ignorance4 ,?9k1 if y c1 ( y\r native l& z 9 ?is respect :at x 0 :5 y left x1 on y\r exile ( ,*ri/ian love1 "s fifte5 ye>s ago4 ,i little ?\ght ,i %\ld ev] h s m\rnful a motive to dep>t 9 "s degree f my resolution4 ,i int5d$ to leave y to glean :at y c\ld ( our religi\s condition f su* publications z might rea* y4 ,b ,i am n[ con/ra9$ to write some?+ ab\t x4 ,my de> bro!r1 y w he> x ) a sad he>t2--y\r nephew & m9e1 our only si/]'s only *ild1 has1 9 relation to religion at lea/1 become an absolute sceptic6 ,i well recollect ! t5d]ness y felt = him1 d\bly ende>$ by 8 own amiable dispositions & ! remembrance ( h] :om 9 s _m po9ts he resembl$4 ,:at mu/ be m9e1 :o s long /ood to ! orphan 9 ! relations :i* 8 "m's love & my own affection impos$ ^u me6 ,x is h>dly a figure to say ,i felt = him z = a son4 ,ah6 y w say z y glance at y\r own *ildr51 my ba*elor bro!r _c und]/& t ev5 su* an affection is /ill a fa9t resemblance ( p>5tal love4 ,x may be s4 ,i "k t t love is sui g5]is2 & z ,i h (t5 he>d f ^? :o are fa!rs1 its dep? & purity 7 nev] realiz$ till !y became su*4 ,b nei!r1 p]haps1 c y "k h[ ne>ly su* a love z ,i h felt = ,h>r+ton1 committ$ to me 9 dea? by "o ,i lov$ s well1--belov$ alike = h] sake & = 8 own1--! object ( s mu* solicitude dur+ 8 *ildhood & y\?1--,i say y c h>dly1 p]haps1 conceive h[ ne> su* an affection may approa* t ( a p>5t2 h[ closely su* a graft ^u a *ildless /ock may resemble ! incorporate life ( fa!r & son4 ,y rememb] :at hopes we bo? =m$ ( 8 y\?1 f ! promise alike ( 8 he>t & ( 8 intellect1 ,h[ fondly we pr$ict$ a c>e] ( future usefulness to o!rs1 & honor & happ9ess to himself6 ,y "k h[ (t5 ,i us$ to comp>e him1 = ! sil5t ease ) :i* he ma/]$ difficult subjects1 & ! v]satility ) :i* he turn$ 8 m9d to ! mo/ opposite pursuits1 to ! y\?ful ,!aetetus1 z describ$ 9 ,plato's dialogue ! movem5ts ( ^: m9d ,!odorus comp>es to ! noiseless fl[ ( oil f ! flask4 ,he 0 j f\rte5 & a half :5 y left ,engl&2 he is n[1 !re=e1 ne>ly tw5ty-n9e4 ,he left me f\r ye>s ago1 :5 he 0 j tw5ty-five1--ab\t a ye> aft] ! t]m9ation ( 8 college c\rse1 :i* y "k 0 honorable to him1 & gratify+ to me4 ,he !n w5t to sp5d a ye>1 or a ye> & a half1 z he suppos$1 9 ,g]many4 ,8 /ay 7he 0 n all ! "t 9 ,g]many1 h[ev]7 0 prolong$ = m ?an ?ree ye>s4 ,9 ! lett]s :i* ,i receiv$ f him1 & :i* gradually became m r>e & m brief1 !re 0 7)\t "o symptom ( decay ( p]sonal affection7 a c]ta9 air ( gradually increas+ con/ra9t1 9 relation to ! subject :i* ,i knew & felt to be all-important4 ,alas6 my prophetic s\l took x aright2 ?is con/ra9t 0 ! fa9t p5umbra ( a disa/r\s eclipse inde$6 ,he 0 n1 z s _m pr(ess to be1 conv9c$ by any p>ticul> book 7z t ( ,/rauss1 = example7 t ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity is false2 nay1 he decl>es t he is n conv9c$ ( t ev5 n[2 he is a g5u9e sceptic1 & is ! subject1 he says1 ( inv9cible d\bts4 ,^? d\bts h ext5d$ at l5g? to ! :ole field ( !ology1 & are due pr9cipally1 z he himself has own$1 to ! spectacle ( ! int]m9able controv]sies :i* 7turn :]e he w\ld7 occupi$ ! m9d ( ,g]many4 ,ev5 :5 he return$ home he does n appe> to h f9ally ab&on$ ! notion ( ! possibility ( con/ruct+ "s religi\s sy/em 9 ! place ( ,*ri/ianity2-- ?is1 z he affirms1 is a lat] conviction =m$ ^u him by exam9+ ! sy/ems ( su* m5 z h attempt$ ! solution ( ! problem4 ,he decl>es ! result :olly unsatisfactory2 t1 sceptical z he 0 & is ) reg>d to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 he is n ev5 sceptical ) reg>d to ^! !ories2 & he decl>es t if '! und\bt$ly p[]ful m9ds :i* h fram$ !m h s signally fail$ 9 remov+ 8 d\bts1 & af=d+ him a rock to /& ^u1 he _c prevail ^u himself to /ruggle fur!r4 ,& s1 in/ead ( /opp+ at any ( ^? mis]able road-side inns betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & scepticism1 ?r\gh ^: ragg$ w9d[s all ! w9ds ( heav5 are bl[+1 & ^: gaudy signs assure u !re is good ent]ta9m5t )9 = man & bea/1-- :]eas x is only = ! latt]1--,h>r+ton /ill travell$ on 9 hopes ( f9d+ "s bett] %elt]1 & n[1 9 ! d>k night1 & a night ( tempe/ too1 f9ds himself on ! op5 hea?4 ,to employ 8 own words1 he c\ld n re/ cont5t$ ) "o-sid$ !ories or inconsequ5tial reason+s1 & has pursu$ ! argum5t to its logical t]m9ation4 ,he is ill at ease 9 m9d1 ,i he>1 & n 9 robu/ heal?2 & ,i am j go+ to visit him4 ,i %all h "s melan*oly sc5es ) him2 ,i feel t4 ,d y rememb]1 :5 we 7 9 ,switz]l& toge!r1 h[1 z we w\nd d[n ! ,su/5 & ! ,grimsel passes1 ) ! p]p5dicul> cliffs "s ?\s& feet above u1 & a torr5t z _m feet bel[1 we us$ to %udd] at ! ?\ght ( two m51 wre/l+ ^u t dizzy v]ge1 & /riv+ to ?r[ ea* o!r ov]6 ,i almo/ imag9e t ,i am ab\t to engage 9 su* a /rife n[1 ) ! additional horror t ! conte/ is 7z "o may say7 betwe5 fa!r & son4 ,nay1 x is yet m t]rible2 = 9 su* a conte/ !re1 ,i almo/ feel z if ,i c\ld be cont5t$ to employ only a passive resi/ance4 ,b ,i mu/ "h le>n to s*ool my he>t & m9d to an active & desp]ate conflict4 ,i fe> le/ ,i %\ld d m h>m ?an good2 & ,i am sure ,i %all if ,i suff] impati5ce & irascibility to prevail4 ,i %all1 p]haps1 also he> f ^? lips :i* once address$ me only 9 ! acc5ts ( respect & k9dness1 language indicative ( t ali5ation :i* is ! inevitable result ( m>k$ dissimil>ity ( s5tim5t & "*1 & :i*1 accord+ to ,ari/otle's mo/ j description1 w (t5 dissolve ! true/ fri5d%ip1 at all ev5ts1 ext+ui% 7j z prolong$ abs5ce w7 all its vividness4 ,s impossible is x = ! full sympa?ies ( ! he>t to coexi/ ) absolute antipa?y ( ! intellect6 ,nay1 ,i %all1 p]haps1 h to li/5 to ! language :i* ,i _c b consid] z impiety & blasphemy1 & yet keep my temp]4 ,i half feel1 h[ev]1 t ,i am do+ him inju/ice 9 mu* ( ?is2 & ,i w n judge be=e ! "t4 ,x _c be t he w ev] cease to reg>d me ) affection1 ?\gh1 p]haps1 no long] ) rev]5ce2 & ,i am confid5t t n ev5 scepticism c *ill ! natural k9dness ( 8 disposition4 ,i am p]suad$ t1 ev5 z a sceptic1 he is v diff]5t f mo/ sceptics4 ,!y *]i% d\bts2 he w be impati5t ( !m4 ,scepticism is1 ) !m1 a welcome gue/1 & has ent]$ _! he>ts by an op5 door2 ,i am sure t x mu/ h /orm$ 81 & ent]$ x by a brea*4 ,no1 my he>t :isp]s1 ,i %all /ill f9d y s9c]e1 ,h>r+ton2 scorn+ to take any unfair advantage 9 argum5t1 & impati5t ( all sophi/ry1 z ,i h ev] f\nd y4 ,y w be fully aw>e ( ! moral significance ( ! conclusion at :i* y h arriv$1 --ev5 t !re is no conclusion to be arriv$ at2 & y w be mis]able1--z all mu/ be :o h y\r p[] to compreh5d x4 ,accept ?is1 my de> bro!r1 z a tru] del9eation ( my w&]] ?an my fir/ ?\ghts prompt$4 ,b !n all ?is w only make x ! m sad to see him4 ,/ill x is a duty1 & x mu/ be done4 ,i h n ! he>t at pres5t to give m ?an ! briefe/ answ]s to ! qu]ies :i* y s e>ne/ly put to me4 ,no d\bt y 7 />tl$ to f9d1 f ! ,fr5* pap]s t rea*$ y f ,tahiti1 & on no less au?ority ?an t ( ! ,apo/olic ,lett] ( ! ,pope1 & ,c>d9al ,wiseman's ,pa/oral1 t ?is enlight5$ c\ntry 0 once m1 or 0 on ! eve ( becom+1 a satellite ( ,rome4 ,subsequ5t in=mation1 t\*+ ! c\rse ( ! almo/ unprec$5t$ agitation :i* ,engl& has j pass$ ?r\gh1 w s]ve to conv9ce y1 ei!r t ,pio ,nono's supplications to ! ,virg9 & all ! ,engli% sa9ts1 f ,/4 ,dun/an d[nw>ds1 h n be5 s successful z he flatt]$ himself t !y w\ld h be51 or t ! nation1 if x be ab\t to embrace ,romanism1 has ! odde/ way ( %[+ x4 ,x has acquir$ mo/ completely ! ,jesuitical art ( disguis+ its real feel+s2 or1 z ! ,anglicans w\ld say1 ( practis+ ! doctr9e ( res]ve4 ,to all appe>ance ! c\ntry is m indomitably ,prote/ant ?an be=e4 ,nor ne$ y al>m y\rself--z 9 tru? y seem too mu* incl9$ to d--ab\t ! ma*9ations & triumphs ( ! ,tract>ian p>ty4 ,_! insidi\s attempts are no d\bt a grav] evil ?an ! prepo/]\s pret5sions ( ,rome1 to :i* inde$ !y gave _! only *ance ( success4 ,! evil has be5 mu* abat$1 h[ev] by ^? v assumptions2 = x is no long] disguis$4 ,tract>ianism is se5 to be :at _m _h proclaim$ x1--! /rict ally ( ,rome4 ,! hopes x inspir$ 7 ! causes ( ! ,pope's presumption & ( ,wiseman's folly2 &1 by mislead+ !m1 x has1 to a l>ge ext5t1 undone ! projects bo? ( ,rome & itself4 ,b ev5 be=e ! rec5t attempts1 its successes 7 v p>tial4 ,! degree to :i* ! infection ta9t$ ! cl]gy 0 no crit]ion at all ( ! sympa?y ( ! p4 ,too _m ( ! =m] 7 easily conv]t$ to a sy/em :i* confirm$ all _! ecclesia/ical prejudices1 & favor$ _! sac]dotal pret5sions2 :i* end[$ e y\ng/] ^u :om ! bi%op laid h&s ) pret]natural graces1 & ) ! p[] ( work+ spiritual miracles4 ,b ! p g5]ally 7 9 little dang] ( be+ misl$ by ^! absurdities2 & facts1 ev5 be=e ! rec5t outbreak1 ought to h conv9c$ ! cl]gy1 t1 if !y ?\ght prop] to g to ,rome1 _! flocks 7 by no means prep>$ to foll[ !m4 ,except among "s fa%ionable folks "h & !re1--"y ladies to :om ennui1 susceptible n]ves1 & a s5tim5tal imag9ation made any sort ( excitem5t acceptable2 :o turn$ _! arks ( embroid]y & pa9t+1 & _! love ( music1 to spiritual uses1 & display$ _! piety & _! accompli%m5ts at ! same "t1--except among ^!1 ,i say1 & ^? among/ ! m ignorant ( our rural population :om su* p influ5c$1 ! ,anglican movem5t c\ld n boa/ ( any signal success4 ,9 ! m d5sely peopl$ di/ricts1 & among/ ! middle classes especially1 ! failure ( ! ?+ 0 (t5 mo/ ignom9i\s4 ,no soon] 7 ! c&les plac$ ^u ! alt> ?an ! congregation began to ?92 & by ! "t ! obsolete rubrics 7 all admirably obs]v$1 ! prie/ faultlessly array$1 ! s]vice prop]ly inton$1 & ! entire spiritual ma*9e set 9 motion1 ! p 7 apt to des]t ! sacr$ edifice altoge!r4 ,x 0 a pity1 d\btless1 t1 :5 su* admirable complet5ess 9 ! ecclesia/ical1 equipm5ts _h be5 atta9$1 x %\ld be f\nd t ! ma*9e w\ld n "w2 t j :5 ! ,*ur* became p]fect1 x %\ld fail = s insignificant an accid5t z ! want ( a congregation4 ,yet s x (t5 04 ,! ecclesia/ical play 0 an admirable rehe>sal1 & no?+ m4 ,n b :at !re are _m prie/s :o w\ld pref] a full s]vice1 & an ample c]emonial 9 an empty *ur*1 to ! simple ,gospel 9 a cr[d$ "o2 l ,h&el1 :o consol$ himself ) ! vacant b5*es at "o ( 8 oratorios by say+ t dey made de music s\nd de n]4 ,&1 9 tru?1 if we adopt to ! full ! ,high ,*ur* !ory1 p]haps x _c mu* matt] :e!r ! p be pres5t or n2 ! opus op]atum ( magic rites & spiritual conjuration may be equally effectual4 ,! ,ox=d tracts said t5 ye>s ago1 ,be=e ! ,re=mation1 ! ,*ur* recogniz$ ! sev5 h\rs ( pray]2 h[ev] ^! may h be5 practically neglect$1 or hidd5 9 an unkn[n tongue1 !re is no e/imat+ :at influ5ce ?is may h _h on common p's m9ds secretly4 ,surely y mu/ agree t !re is no e/imat+ ! efficacy ( nobody's he>+ s]vices :i*1 if he>d by any body1 w\ld h be5 9 an unkn[n tongue4 ,i repeat1 t ! p ( ,engl& w nev] yield to ,romanism1 --unless1 inde$1 x %all h]eaft] be z a reaction f infidelity2 j z infidelity is n[ spread+ z a reaction f ! attempt$ re/oration ( ,romanism4 ,t ,engl& is n prep>$ at pres5t is suffici5tly %[n by ! result ( ! rec5t agitation4 ,c\ld x t]m9ate o!rwise8 ,0 x possible t ,engl&1 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 c\ld be br\ght to adopt ! sup]/itions ( ! ,middle ,age8 ,if %e c\ld1 %e w\ld h des]v$ to be left to ! consequ5ces ( h] besott$ folly4 ,we may say1 z ,milton said1 9 8 day1 to ! attempt$ re/oration ( sup]/itions :i* ! ,re=m]s _h already ca/ (f2 ,o1 if we freeze at noon1 aft] _! easy ?aw1 let u fe> le/ ! sun = ev] hide himself1 & turn 8 ori5t /eps f our ungrateful horizon ju/ly condemn$ to be et]nally b5ight$4 ,no1 x is n f ?is qu>t] t ,engl& mu/ look = ! *ief dang]s :i* m5ace religion1 except1 inde$1 z ^! dang]s are ! inevitable1 ! uni=m result ( e attempt to revive ! obsolete pa/4 ,! pr9cipal p]il is f a subtle unbelief1 :i*1 9 v>i\s =ms1 is sapp+ ! religion ( our p1 & :i*1 if n *eck$1 w by & by give ! ,romi% bi%ops a bett] title to be call$ bi%ops 9 p>tibus infidelium ?an has always be5 ! case4 ,! attempt to make m5 believe too mu* naturally provokes !m to believe too little2 & su* has be5 & w be ! recoil f ! movem5t t[>ds ,rome4 ,x is only "o1 h[ev]1 ( ! causes ( t widely diffus$ infidelity :i* is p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable ph5om5on ( our day4 ,o!r & m pot5t causes are to be s\ght 9 ! philosophic t5d5cies ( ! age1 & especially a sympa?y1 9 v _m m9ds1 ) ! wor/ features ( ,cont95tal speculation4 ,infidelity6 y w say4 ,d y mean su* infidelity z t ( ,coll9s & ,bol+broke1 ,*ubb & ,t9dal8 ,:y1 we h pl5ty ( ^? sorts too1 &--worse2 b ! mo/ *>m+ infidelity ( ! day1 a ba/>d deism 9 fact1 (t5 assumes a diff]5t =m1--a =m1 y w be surpris$ to he> x1 :i* embodies 7z _m say7 ! ess5ce ( g5u9e ,*ri/ianity6 ,yes2 be x kn[n to y1 t :5 y h ceas$ to believe all t is specially *>act]i/ic ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1--its hi/ory1 its miracles1 its peculi> doctr9e--y may /ill be a g5u9e ,*ri/ian4 ,*ri/ianity is sublim$ into an exquisite ?+ call$ mod]n spiritualism4 ,! am\nt & quality ( fai? are1 inde$1 pleas+ly div]sifi$ :5 come to exam9e individual pr(essors !re(2 b x always bas$ ^u ! pr9ciple t man is a light to himself2 t 8 oracle is )92 s cle> ei!r to sup]s$e ! necessity--"s say ev5 possibility--( all ext]nal revelation 9 any s5se ( t t]m2 or1 :5 su* revelation is 9 "s s5se all[$1 to con/itute man ! absolute arbit] h[ mu* or h[ little ( x is wor?y to be receiv$4 ,?is !ory we all p]ceive1 ( c\rse1 _c fail to recomm5d itself by ! well-kn[n uni=mity & di/9ctness ( man's religi\s notions & ! reasonabl5ess ( 8 religi\s practices6 ,we all "k !re has nev] be5 any want ( a revelation2--( :i* h d\btless _h full pro( among ! idolatr\s b>b>ians y fooli%ly w5t to enlight5 & reclaim4 ,i wi%1 h[ev]1 y _h kn[n x fifte5 ye>s ago2 ,i might h _h my bro!r ) me /ill4 ,x is a pity t ?is int]nal revelation--! absolute religion1 hidd51 z ,mr4 ,!odore ,p>k] felicit\sly phrases x1 9 all religions ( all ages & nations1 s /rik+ly av\*$ by ! entire hi/ory ( _w--%\ld r5d] itself suspicions by little discrepancies 9 its own utt]ances among ^? :o believe 9 x4 ,yet s x is4 ,comp>$ ) ! re/ ( ! _w1 few at ! be/ c be got to believe 9 ! suffici5cy ( ! int]nal light & ! sup]fluity all ext]nal revelation2 & yet h>dly two ( ! flock agree4 ,x is ! r>e/ little oracle6 ,apollo himself might envy its adroitness 9 ! utt]ance ambiguities4 ,"o man says t ! doctr9e ( future life is und\bt$ly a dictate ( ! religi\s s5tim5t1--"o ( ! few univ]sal *>act]i/ics ( all religion2 ano!r decl>es 8 insight tells him no?+ ( ! matt]2 "o affirms t ! suppos$ *ief intuitions ( ! religi\s faculty--belief 9 ! efficacy ( pray]1 ! free w ( man1 & ! immortality ( ! s\l--are at hopeless v>iance ) intellect & logic2 o!rs exclaim1 & surely n )\t reason1 t ?is ca/s ^u our faculties ! opprobrium ( irretrievable contradictions6 ,z = ^? spirituali/s--& !y are1 p]haps1 at pres5t ! great] "p--:o pr(ess1 9 "s s5se1 to pay homage to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 !y are at inf9ite v>iance z to h[ mu*--:e!r #g #a_/b1 #cj1 or #ej p] c5t ( its records--is to be receiv$4 ,v few get s f> z ! la/4 ,"o man is resolv$ to be a ,*ri/ian1--none m s1--only he w reject all ! peculi> doctr9es & all ! sup]natural n>ratives ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 ano!r decl>es t miracles are impossible & incr$ible1 p] se2 a ?ird ?9ks !y are nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r1 ?\gh x is true t probably a comp>atively small portion ( ^? n>rat$ 9 ! book are e/abli%$ by su* evid5ce z to be wor?y ( cr$it4 ,pray use y\r pleasure 9 ! selection2 & ! m freely1 z a f\r? is ( op9ion t1 h[ev] true1 !y are really ( little consequ5ce4 ,:ile _m extol 9 vague t]ms ( admiration ! deep spiritual insight ( ! f\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 !y d n tr\ble !mselves to expla9 h[ x is t ?is exquisite illum9ation left !m to concoct t huge mass ( leg5d>y follies & my/ical doctr9es :i* con/itute1 accord+ to ! mod]n spiritualism1 ! bulk ( ! records ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & by :i* its au?ors h manag$ to mislead ! _w2 nor h[ we are to avoid reg>d+ !m ei!r z sup]/iti\s & fanatical fools or artful & design+ knaves1 if n9e t5?s1 or sev5 t5?s1 ( :at !y record is all to be reject$2 nor1 if x be affirm$ t !y nev] did record x1 b t somebody else has put ^! matt]s into _! m\?s1 h[ we c be sure t any ?+ :atev] ( ! small rema9d] ev] came out ( _! m\?s4 ,all ?is1 ev]1 is ( ! less consequ5ce1 z ^! g5tlem5 desc5d to tell u h[ we are to sep>ate ! spiritual gold :i* fa9tly /reaks ! huge mass ( impure ore ( fable1 leg5d1 & my/icism4 ,ea* man1 x seems has 8 own p>ticul> spade & mattock 9 8 spiritual faculty2 s (f ) y to ! digg+s 9 ^! spiritual m9es ( ,ophir4 ,y w say1 ,:y n /ay at home1 & be cont5t at once1 ) ! advocates ( ! absolute suffici5cy ( ! int]nal oracle1 li/5 to its responses exclusively8 ,ask ^! m5--= ,i am sure ,i d n "k2 ,i only "k t ! results are v diff]5t--:e!r ! possessor ( insight li/5s to its own r>e voice1 or puts on spectacles & reads al\d f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,g5]ally1 z ,i say1 ^! good folks are resolv$ t all t is sup]natural & specially inspir$ 9 sacr$ volume is to be reject$2 & z to ! re/1 :i* by ! way might be conv5i5tly publi%$ z ! ,spirituali/s' ,bible 79 two or ?ree %eets1 #dhmo1 say71 t w\ld /ill require a c>eful w9n[+2 =1 :ile "o man tells u t ! ,apo/le ,paul1 9 8 int5se appreciation ( ! spiritual elem5t1 made light ev5 ( ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 & ev]y:]e %[s 8 sup]iority to ! begg>ly elem5ts ( hi/ory1 dogma1 & ritual1 ano!r decl>es t he 0 s enslav$ by 8 ,jewi% prejudices & ! trump]y he _h pick$ up at ! feet ( ,gamaliel1 t he knew b little or next to no?+ ( ! real my/]y ( ! v ,gospel he prea*$2 t :ile he proclaims t x is reveal$1 aft] hav+ be5 hidd5 f ages g5]ations1 he himself manages to hide x afre%4 ,?is y w be told is a p]petual process1 go+ on ev5 n[2 t z all ! e>li] prophets 7 unconsci\s in/rum5ts ( a purpose beyond _! imm$iate range ( ?\ght1 s ! ,apo/les !mselves simil>ly illu/rat$ ! %all[ness ( _! range ( ?\ght2 t1 9 fact1 ! true significance ( ! ,gospel lay beyond !m1 & d\btless also1 = ! v same reasons1 lies beyond u4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is class ( spirituali/s tell u t ,*ri/ianity is a developm5t1 z ! ,papi/s also ass]t1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t its fir/ imp]fect & rudim5t>y product2 only1 unhappily1 z ! developm5t1 x seems1 may be ?+s s v diff]5t z ,pop]y & ,infidelity1 we are z f> z ev] f any crit]ion z to :i*1 out ( ! t5 ?\s& possible developm5ts1 is ! true2 b x is a matt] ( ! less consequ5ce1 s9ce x w1 on su* reason+1 be always some?+ future4 ,unhappy ,paul6 y w say4 ,yes1 x is no bett] ) him ?an x 0 9 our y\? "s five-&-tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,d y n rememb] ! a/ute old ,g]man ,pr(essor 9 8 lecture-room introduc+ ! ,apo/le z exam9+ ) ev]-increas+ wond] ! v>i\s contradictory sy/ems :i* ! p]v]s5ess ( exegesis _h extract$ f 8 ,epi/les1 & at l5g?1 z he saw "o f :i* e feature ( ,*ri/ianity _h be5 eras$1 exclaim+ 9 a fright1 ,0 i/ das8 ,b ,i w n deta9 y on ! vag>ies ( ! new s*ool ( spirituali/s4 ,i %all he> en\gh ( !m1 ,i h no d\bt1 f ,h>r+ton2 he w riot 9 _! extravagances & contradictions z a ju/ification ( 8 own scepticism4 ,9 v tru? _! au?ors are fit = no?+ else ?an to be recruit+ (fic]s = undisguis$ infidelity2 & ?is has be5 ! consi/5t t]m9ation ) v _m ( _! conv]ts4 ,yet1 _m ( !m tell u1 aft] putt+ m5 on ?is incl9$ plane ( smoo? ice1 t x is ! only place :]e !y c be secure aga9/ tumbl+ into infidelity1 ,a!ism1 ,pan!ism1 ,scepticism4 ,"s ( ,ox=d ,tract>ians in=m$ u1 a little be=e ,cross+ ! bord]1 t _! sy/em 0 ! sure/ bulw>k aga9/ ,romanism2 & 9 ! same way is ?is site spiritualism1 a safegu>d aga9/ infidelity4 ,betwe5 _m ( our mod]n spirituali/s & ,romani/s !re is a p>allelism ( movem5t absolutely ludicr\s4 ,y may *ance to he> bo? claim+1 ) equal f]vor1 aga9/ intellect & logic z totally incompet5t to decide on religion or spiritual tru?1 & 9 favor ( a fai? :i* disclaims all alliance ) !m4 ,y may *ance he> !m bo? insi/+ on an absolute submission to an infallible au?ority o!r ?an ! ,bible2 ! "o ext]nal1--t is1 ! ,pope2 ! o!r int]nal1--t is1 ,spiritual ,insight2 bo? exact+ absolute submission1 ! "o to ! outw>d oracle1 ! ,*ur*1 ! o!r to ! inw>d oracle1 himself2 bo? insi/+ t ! ,bible is b ! fir/ imp]fect product ( g5u9e ,*ri/ianity1 :i* is p]fect$ by a developm5t1 ?\gh z to ! direction ( t developm5t !y c]ta9ly d n agree4 ,bo?1 if ,i may judge by "s rec5t speculations1 recoil f ! ,bible ev5 m ?an !y d f "o ano!r2 & bo? w\ld get rid ( x1--"o by lock+ x up1 & ! o!r te>+ x to tatt]s4 ,?us rec$+ 9 opposite directions r\nd ! circle1 !y are f\nd plac$ side by side at ! same extremity ( a diamet]1 at ! o!r extremity ( :i* is !--,bible4 ,! resemblances1 9 "s in/ances1 are s /rik+1 t "o is rem9d$ ( t little animal1 ! fre%-wat] polype1 ^: ext]nal /ructure is s absolutely a m]e prolongation ( ! int]nal1 t y may turn him inside out1 & all ! functions ( life g on j z well z be=e4 ,x is impossible to convey to y an adequate idea ( ! b\lev]sem5t :i* has tak5 place 9 our religi\s relations1 --ev5 9 ea* man's little sph]e4 ,x is z if ! religi\s _w 7 a masqu]ade1 :]e y cease to feel surprise at f9d+ "s famili> acqua9tance disguis$ 9 ! mo/ fanta/ical co/ume4 ,!re is our old fri5d ,w----1 rigor\sly1 z y "k1 educat$ 9 8 old fa!r's ,evangelical notions1 ready to be a confessor = ! two wax c&ies1 ev5 ?\gh unlight$1 & to be a m>tyr = !m if b light$4 ,8 c\s9 9 ! opposite direction has f\nd ev5 ! mo/ meagre naturalism too mu* = him1 & av[s himself a ,pan!i/4 ,l----1 ! son1 y rememb]1 ( an indep5d5t m9i/]1 is ready to g nobly to dea? 9 def5ce ( ! pr]ogatives ( 8 apo/olic succession2 & has n ! slighte/ d\bts t he c make out 8 spiritual g5ealogy1 )\t a brok5 l9k1 f ! fir/ ,bi%op ( ,rome1 d[nw>ds6--?\gh1 poor fell[1 x w\ld puzzle him to say :o 0 8 great-gr&fa!r4 ,e----1 y are aw>e1 has long s9ce jo9$ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 & has disclos$ su* a bottomless abyss ( fai?1 t :ole c>t-loads ( m$iaeval fables1 ab&on$ ev5 by ,romani/s 7:o1 by ! way1 /& fairly agha/ at 8 insatiable appetite71 h n be5 able to fill x4 ,all ! sa9ts 9 ! ,roman ,hagiography _c "w miracles z fa/ z he c cr$it !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 8 bro!r has signaliz$ himself by an equal facility ( /ripp+ himself1 fragm5t by fragm5t1 ( 8 e>ly cre$1 till at la/ he walks ?r\gh ?is bleak _w 9 su* a gossam] gauze ( transp>5t spiritualism1 t x makes y bo? %iv] & blu% to look at him4 ,y\r old acqua9tance ,p----1 true to 8 y\?ful qualities 7:i* n[ h mo/ abundant ex]cise71 :o has ! *>ity :i* believe? all1 ?+s1 ?\gh c]ta9ly n t :i* b>e? all ?+s1 goes ab\t apologiz+ = all religi\s sy/ems1 & f9d+ tru? 9 e ?+2--our belov$ ,h>r+ton1 on ! o!r h&1 bewild]$ by all ?is confusion1 f9ds tru?--9 no?+4 ,yet y mu/ n imag9e t our religi\s maladies are at pres5t m ?an sporadic2 or t ! great bulk ( our population are at pres5t affect$ by !m3 !y /ill believe ! ,bible to be ! reveal$ ,^w ,god4 ,%\ld ^! diseases ev] become epidemic1 !y w soon deg5]ate into a /ill worse type4 ,_m apo/les ( ,a!ism & ,pan!ism among/ our classes say 7& p]haps truly71 t ?is mod]n spiritualism is b a transition /ate4 ,9 t case1 y w h to recall1 ) a deep] mean+1 ! song ( ,byron1 :i* y told me gave y su* angui%1 z y pac$ ! deck on ! ev5+ 9 :i* lo/ sight ( ,old ,engl&1--,my native l&1 night6 ,i h sometimes m\rnfully ask$ myself1 :e!r ! _w may n yet want a few exp]im5ts z to :e!r x _c get on bett] )\t ,*ri/ianity & ! ,bible2 b ,i hope ,engl& is n de/9$ be ! laboratory4 ,i almo/ envy y\r happi] lot ,i picture to myself y\r unsophi/icat$ folks1 j reclaim$ f ! grosse/ b>b>ism & idolatry1 receiv+ ! simple ,gospel 7z x ought to be receiv$7 ) grateful wond]1 z ,heav5's own me?od ( mak+ man wise & happy2 rev]5c+ ! ,bible z :at x is1--an infallible guide ?r\gh ?is _w to a bett]2 a light %9+ 9 a d>k place4 ,!y li/5 ) unque/ion+ simplicity to its disclosures1 :i* f9d an e*o 9 _! own he>ts1 & ) a rev]5ce :i* is due to a volume :i* has trans=m$ !m f savages into m51 & f idolat]s into ,*ri/ians4 ,!y are n tr\bl$ ) d\bts ( its au!nticity or its div9ity2 ) talk ( v>i\s read+s & discordant manuscripts2 ) subtle !ories = prov+ t its miracles are leg5ds1 or its hi/ory my?s1 or ) any o!r ( ! inf9ite vag>ies ( p]v]t$ le>n+4 ,nei!r are !y p]plex$ ) ! assurances ( ^? :o tell !m t1 ?\gh div9e1 ! ,bible is1 9 fact1 a mo/ dang]\s book1 & :o w\ld reque/ !m1 9 _! new-born enlight5m5t1 to be pleas$ to %ut _! eyes1 & to return to a religion ( c]emony q z absurd & almo/ z cruel z ! poly!ism !y h r5\nc$4 ,i imag9e y & y\r little flock 9 ! ,sabba? /illness ( ^? m\nta9s & gre5 valleys1 ( :i* y give me su* pleasant descriptions1 exhibit+ a specim5 ( a truly primitive ,*ri/ianity2 ,i imag9e t ! peace )9 is z deep z ! tranquillity )\t4 ,yet ,i "k x _c be2 = y & y\r flock are m51--& t "o ^w alone suffices to dissolve ! *>m4 ,y & !y h c>es1 & worse ?an c>es1 :i* make y l all ! re/ ( ! _w2 = guilt & sorr[ are ( no clime1 & ! happy valley nev] exi/$ except 9 ! pages ( ,rasselas4 ,y are1 d\btless1 plagu$ by e n[ & !n f9d+ t "s half-reclaim$ cannibal confesses t he has n q got ov] 8 gloat+ recollections ( ! delicacies ( 8 diabolical cuis9e2 or t fa%ionable conv]ts turn ) a ye>n+ he>t1 n to !atres & balls1 b to ! de> remembrance ( ! spl5dors '( tattoo & amocos2 or t "s unlucky wret* :o has n ma/]$ ! hide\s passions ( 8 old paganism has almo/ batt]$ out ! bra9s ( a fell[ disciple 9 a sudd5 p>oxysm ( ang]2 or t "s timid s\l is haunt$ ) half-subdu$ suspicions t "s great goggle-ey$ idol1 ) ^: wor%ip 8 :ole exi/5ce has be5 associat$1 is n1 :at ,/ ,paul decl>es x is1 absolutely no?+ 9 _w4 ,& !n y vex y\r s\l ab\t ^! ?+s1 & worry y\rself ) appreh5sions le/ y %\ld h labor$ 9 va9 & sp5t y\r /r5g? = naught2 & la/ly1 tr\ble y\rself /ill m le/ y %\ld lose y\r temp] & y\r pati5ce into ! b>ga94 ,yes1 y\r sc5]y is d\btless beautiful1 z ! sket*es y h s5t me suffici5tly %[2 especially t sc5e at ! foot ( ! m\nta9 ,moraii or ,mauroi1 = ,i _c q make out ! p5cil-m>ks4 ,b1 beautiful z !y are1 !y are n m s ?an ^? :i* greet my eye ev5 n[ f my /udy w9d[4 ,no1 !re is no fault to be f\nd ) ext]nal nature2 x is man only :o spoils x all4 ,i see no?+ 9 sun1 moon1 or />s1 9 m\nta91 =e/1 or /ream1 t ne$s to be alt]$2 we are ! blot on ?is fair _w1 ,o man1 ,i am sometimes ready to exclaim1 :at a--2 b ,i *eck myself1 = z ,correggio :isp]$ to himself exult+ly1 ,i also am a pa9t]1 s ,i1 ?\gh ) v diff]5t feel+s1 say1 ,i also am a man4 ,johnson said1 t e man probably worse ( himself ?an he c]ta9ly kn[s ( mo/ o!r m52 & s ,i am det]m9$ t misan?ropy1 if is to be indulg$ at all1 %all1 l its opposite *>ity1 beg9 at home4 ,yet1 n[ ,i ?9k bett] ( x1 x %all n beg9 at all2 = ,i recollect t ,,he also 0 a man1 :o 0 inf9itely m2 :o has p5etrat$ ev5 ?is cl\dy %r9e ( clay ) ! effulg5ce ( ,8 glory & s let me resolve t our common humanity %all be held sacr$ = ,8 sake1 & piti$ = its own4 ,?us ends my little1 transi5t fit ( sple51 & may x ev] end4 ,may we feel m & m1 my de>e/ bro!r1 ! int]ior pres5ce ( t gue/ ( gue/s1 t ,div9e ,imp]sonation ( ,tru?1 ,rectitude1 & ,love1 ^: image has _h m p[] to soo! & tranquillize1 /imulate & =tify1 ! human he>t1 ?an all ! philosophies ev] devis$ by man2 :o has n m]ely left u rules ( conduct1 express$ ) incomp>able =ce & compreh5siv5ess1 & illu/rat$ by images ( unequall$ pa?os & beauty2 :o 0 n m]ely 7& yet1 h]e9 alone1 h[ sup]ior to all o!r ma/]s7 ! liv+ type ( ,8 own glori\s doctr9e1 & affects u z we gaze ^u ,him ) t trans=m+ influ5ce :i* ! /udi\s contemplation ( all excell5ce ex]ts by a necess>y law ( our nature2 b ^: ,life & ,dea? include all motives :i* c en=ce ,8 lessons on humanity2--motives all int5sely animat$ by ! conviction t ,he is a ,liv+ ,p]sonality1 9 communion ) our own spirits1 & attract$ t[>ds u by all ! sympa?ies ( a fri5d%ip truly ,div9e2 :o c be t\*$ ) ! feel+s ( our infirmities1 ?\gh ,himself )\t s94 ,may ,he become s famili> to our s\ls1 t no sugge/ions ( evil f )91 no incursion ( evil f )\t1 %all be s swift & sudd5 t ! ?\ght ( ,him %all n be at lea/ z ne> to our spirits1 int]cept ! trea*]y ( our infirm nature1 & gu>d t ?rone :i* ,he alone des]ves to fill2 till1 at e turn & e po/ure ( our e>?ly life1 we may realize a m5tal image ( t c\nt5ance ( div9e compassion b5t ^u u1 & t voice ( g5tle in/ruction murmur+ 9 our e>s its words ( heav5ly wisdom2 till1 :5ev] tempt$ to deviate f ! n>r[ pa?1 we may he> ,him :isp]+1 ,w ye also g away8 :5 hat$ by ! _w1--,ye "k t x hat$ me be=e x hat$ y2 :5 call$ to p]=m "s difficult duty1--,if ye love me1 keep my comm&m5ts2 :5 dispos$ to make an idol ( any ?+ on e>?1--,he t love? fa!r or "m m ?an me is n wor?y ( me2 :5 9 suff]+ & trial1--,:om ,i love ,i rebuke & *a/52 :5 our way is d>k1--,:at ,i d ?\ kn[e/ n n[1 b ?\ %alt "k h]eaft]2 till1 a ^w1 z we he> ,8 fa9te/ foot/eps approa*+ our he>ts1 & ,8 g5tle signal !re accord+ to ,8 own beautiful image1 ,behold1 ,i /& at ! door & knock1 our s\ls may ha/5 to welcome ! heav5ly gue/4 ,s may x ev] be ) y & me6 ,& n[ ,i f9d ! v ?\ght ( ^! ?+s has cur$ all my d>k & turbul5t feel+s1 z inde$ x ev] does2 & ,i c say be=e ,i g to re/1 ,o man1 my bro!r1 ,i am at peace ) !e6 ,ah6 :at an empire is ,86 ,h[1 ev5 at ! antipodes1 w ^! l9es t\* 9 y\r he>t a *ord responsive to t :i* vibrates 9 m9e6 4444 ,i g to ,h>r+ton 9 a few days1 & z our conv]sation 7p]haps1 alas6 our controv]sies7 w turn ^u "s ( ! mo/ mom5t\s religi\s topics ( ! day1 ,i %all keep an exact j\rnal--,boswellize1 9 fact--= y1 z well z ,i c2 & h[ well "s ( my e>li] days h practis$ my memory = ?is humble (fice y "k4 ,i %all h a pleasure 9 ?is1 n only because y w be glad to he> all ,i c communicate respect+ "o y love s well1 b also because 9 ?is way1 p]haps1 ,i %all 9 "p fulfil y\r e>ne/ reque/ to let y "k ! /ate ( religion among/ u4 ,y w expect1 ( c\rse1 to f9d only t portion ( our conv]sations report$ :i* relates to ^! subjects2 b ,i anticipate1 9 discuss+ o!rs1 "s comp5sation = ! mis]y :i* w1 ,i fe>1 att5d ! discussion ( ^!4 ,?ank y\r conv]t ,outai = 8 pres5t ( 8 grim idol4 ,x is c]ta9ly brass = gold1 consid]+ :at ,i s5t him2 b d n tell him s4 ,if a man gives u 8 gods1 :at m c he d8 ,& yet1 x seems1 he may be ! ri*] = ! loss4 ,nev] 0 a "q m s5seless ?an t ( ! idolatr\s fool1--,ye h tak5 away my gods1 & :at else h ,i left8 ,8 god%ip 0 a little injur$ 9 8 transit2 b he 0 v p]fect 9 de=mity be=e1 & 8 ugl9ess c\ld n1 by any accid5t1 be improv$4 ,i h put him into a glass case ) "s /uff$ birds1 at :i* he ogles1 ) 8 great eyes1 9 a mann] n altoge!r div9e4 ,8 condition1 !re=e1 is pretty ne>ly t to :i* prophecy has doom$ all 8 tribe2 if n ca/ to ! moles & ! bats1 x is to ! owls & p>rots4 ,i _c help look+ at him sometimes ) a sort ( respect z contra/$ ) 8 wor%ipp]s2 = ?\gh !y h be5 fools en\gh to wor%ip him1 he has1 at lea/1 n be5 fool en\gh to wor%ip !m4 ,yet ev5 !y are bett] ?an ! ,pan!i/1 :o mu/ reg>d x & e ?+ else1 himself includ$1 z a fragm5t ( div9ity4 ,i fe> t1 if ,i c\ld reg>d ei!r ! ,pan!i/ or myself z div9e1 no?+ 9 ! _w c\ld keep me f blasphemy e day & all day long4 ,aga96 y w say1 my bro!r2 is n t old ve9 ( bitt]ness yet exhau/$8 ,b be x kn[n to y t t la/ s>casm 0 especially = my own beho(4 ,%e is a sly jade1--consci5ce2 l _m o!r folks1 %e has a trick ( express+ h] rebukes 9 g5]al language2 z ?us3 ,:at a contemptible set ( creatures ! race ( m5 are6--hop+ t "s folks w practically take x to he>t4 ,sometimes ,i d2 & sometimes1 ,i suppose1 l my fell[s1 ,i look v grave1 & approv+ly say1 ,x is b too true1 ) ! air ( "o :o philosophically ass5ts to a proposition 9 :i* he is totally un9t]e/$2 :]eupon consci5ce becomes outrage\s &--p]sonal4 ,i c easily imag9e :at y tell me1 t y h>dly "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! mission>ies ( diff]5t d5om9ations1 & are v mu* tr\bl$ to rememb]1 at times1 :i* is :i*4 ,x is a natural consequ5ce ( ! relations 9 :i* y /& to hea!nism4 ,i fancy ! sight ( m5 wor%ipp+ an idol ) f\r heads & twice z _m h&s mu/ consid]ably abate impressions ( ! importance "s ( ! controv]sies ne>] home4 ,d y rememb] ! passage 9 ,wood/ock1 9 :i* our old favorite repres5ts ! ,episcopalian ,ro*ecliffe & ! ,presbyt]ian ,hold5\gh meet+ unexpect$ly 9 prison1 aft] _m ye>s ( sep>ation1 dur+ :i* "o _h ?\ght ! o!r dead8 ,h[ s9c]ely glad !y 71 & h[ pleasantly !y talk$2 :5 lo6 an unhappy ref]5ce to ! bi%opric ( ,titus gradually abat$ ! f]vor ( _! *>ity1 & inflam$ t ( _! zeal1 ev5 till !y at la/ sep>at$ 9 mutual dudgeon1 & sat gl[]+ at ea* o!r 9 _! di/ant corn]s ) looks 9 :i* ! ,episcopalian & ,presbyt]ian 7 mu* m evid5t ?an ! ,*ri/ian2--& s !y p]sev]$ till ! sudd5 summons to !m & _! fell[-prison]s1 to prep>e = in/ant execution1 dissolv$ z ) a *>m ! ang] !y _h felt1 & ,=give me1 ,o my bro!r1 & ,i h s9n$ aga9/ !e1 my bro!r1 broke f _! lips z !y took :at !y ?\ght w\ld be a la/ f>ewell4 ,i imag9e t a feel+ a little resembl+ ?is1 ?\gh f a diff]5t cause1 makes x impossible = y to rememb]1 9 ! pres5ce ( su* spiritual horrors z hea!nism pres5ts1 ! imm5se importance ( _m ( ! controv]sies s hotly wag$ at home1 ,i c conceive 7z "s ( our zealots w\ld say7 t y are tempt$ to a c]ta9 degree ( ins5sibility & defection ( he>t2 t y no long] disc]n ! mom5t\s sup]iority ( spr9kl+ ov] imm]sion1 or ( imm]sion ov] spr9kl+2 t ! wax c&les1 light$ & unlight$1 appe> to y alike insignificant2 t ev5 ! jus div9um ( any sy/em ( ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t is sometimes n disc]n$ ) absolute precision2 &1 9 %ort1 t y look ) contemptu\s wond] on half our great controv]sies4 ,if ,i mi/ake n1 ?+s are com+ to t pass among/ u1 t we %all soon ?9k ( !m almo/ ) contemptu\s wond] too4 ,vale1--et ora pro me1--z old ,lu!r us$ to say at ! end ( 8 lett]s4 ,i w write aga9 soon4 ,y\r affectionate ,bro!r1 ,f4,b4 ---- ,grange1 ,july #g1 #ahea4 ,my ,de> ,bro!r3-- ,i h be5 ) ,h>r+ton a week3 ,i am glad to say t ,i 0 "u "s errone\s impressions :5 ,i wrote my lett]4 ,he is n a univ]sal sceptic1--he is only a sceptic 9 relation to !ological & e?ical tru?4 ,alas6 y w say1 x is an exception :i* embraces m ?an ! g5]al rule2 x little matt]s :at else he believes4 ,true2 & yet !re is consolation 9 x2 = o!rwise x w\ld h be5 impossible to hold int]c\rse ) him at all4 ,if he _h reason$ 9 ord] to prove to me t human reason _c be tru/$1 or ,i to conv9ce "o :o affirm$ its univ]sal falsity1 x 7 h>d to say :e!r he or ,i _h be5 ! great] fool4 ,y\r univ]sal sceptic--if he *oose to affect t "*1--no man is x--is impregnable2 8 true emblem is ! h$gehog ensph]$ 9 8 prickles2 t is1 z long z y are obs]v+ him4 ,= if y d n ?us irritate 8 am\r propre1 & put him on ! def5sive1 he w unroll himself4 ,speak+1 reason+1 act+1 l ! re/ ( ! _w1 on ! impli$ tru?fulness ( ! faculties ^: falsity he affirms1 he w save y ! tr\ble ( confut+ him1 by confut+ himself4 ,& ,i am glad1 = ano!r reason1 t ,h>r+ton does n affect ?is univ]sal scepticism3 = :]eas1 by ! confession ( its greate/ ma/]s1 x is at be/ b ! play ( a subtle intellect1 s x does n af=d a v flatt]+ picture ( an intellect t affects x4 ,i %\ld h be5 mortifi$1 ,i confess1 _h ,h>r+ton be5 *>geable ) su* a foible4 ,x is true t1 9 ano!r aspect1 all ?is makes ! case m desp]ate2 = 8 scepticism1 s f> z x ext5ds1 is deep & g5u9e2 x is no play ( an +5i\s subtilty1 nor ! affectation ( s+ul>ity ) him2--& my progno/ications ( ! mis]y :i* su* a m9d mu/ feel f driv+ ov] ! tempe/u\s ocean ( life "u b>e poles1 )\t *>t or compass1 are1 ,i c see1 v]ifi$4 ,"o fact1 ,i confess1 gives me hopes1 & (t5 af=ds me pleasure 9 li/5+ to him4 ,he is an imp>tial d\bt]2 he d\bts :e!r ,*ri/ianity be true2 b he also d\bts :e!r x be false2 &1 ei!r f 8 impati5ce ( ! !ories :i* infidelity proposes 9 its place1 z inspir+ yet /rong] d\bts1 or 9 rev5ge = ! peace ( :i* he has be5 robb$1 he nev] seems m at home ?an 9 ridicul+ ! confid5ce & conceit ( t int]nal oracle1 :i* pr(esses to solve ! problems :i*1 x seems1 ,*ri/ianity leaves 9 d>kness2 & 9 pu%+ ! pr9ciples on :i* infidelity rejects ! ,new ,te/am5t to _! legitimate conclusion4 ,i told y1 9 g5]al1 ! orig9 & ! progress ( 8 scepticism4 ,i suspect !re are causes 7p]haps n di/9ctly felt by him7 :i* h contribut$ to ! result ,^!1 x may be1 ,i %all nev] "k2 b x is h>dly possible n to suppose t "s bitt] exp]i5ce has contribut$ to cl\d1 ?us port5t\sly1 ! brightness ( 8 y\?4 ,some?+1 ,i am confid5t1 9 connection ) 8 long resid5ce abroad1 has t5d$ to w>p 8 "y intellect f its /raight gr[?4 ,! he>t1 z usual1 has _h to d ) ! logic2 & has be5 :isp]+ reasons :i* ! reason _c compreh5d4 ,i suspect t passionate hopes h be5 buri$1--:e!r 9 ! grave1 ,i "k n4 ,i mu/ add1 t an indirect & mo/ pot5tial cause1 n inde$ ( ! orig9ation1 yet ( ! cont9uance1 ( 8 /ate ( m9d1 mu/ be s\ght 9 :at ! _w w\ld call 8 good =tune4 ,8 maid5 aunt by ! fa!r's side left h] favorite nephew h] pleasant1 old-fa%ion$1 some:at gloomy1 b picturesque & com=table h\se 9 ---%ire1 ab\t fifty or sixty acres 9 l&1 & ?ree or f\r hundr$ a ye> into ! b>ga94 ,poor old lady6 ,i he>tily wi% %e _h kept him out ( possession by liv+ to a hundr$2 or1 dy+1 _h left e f>?+ to end[ a college or a--cat4 ,to ,h>r+ton %e has left a v equivocal h]itage4 ,= ) ?is & 8 little patrimony he is entirely plac$ above ! necessity ( pr(essional life & fully qualifi$ to live 7,heav5 help him67 z a g5tleman2--b1 unhappily1 z a g5tleman ^: nature is deeply speculative1--^: life has be5 "o ( /udy1--& :o has no active ta/es or habits to correct ! morbid portions ( 8 "*1 & ! dang]s ( 8 position4 ,) 8 views already unsettl$1 he retir$ a few mon?s ago to ?is comp>ative solitude2 7= su* x is1 ?\gh ! place is n _m miles f ! le>n$ city (-----27 & p>tly f ! t5d5cies ( 8 own m9d1 p>tly f want ( "s p[]ful /imulus f )\t1 he soon acquir$ ! p]nici\s habit ( almo/ con/ant seclusion 9 8 libr>y1 :]e he revolves1 z if fasc9at$1 ! philosophy ( d\bt1 or "s equally di/ress+ !mes2 all :i* has n[ issu$ z y see4 ,! contemplative & ! active life are bo? necess>y to man1 no d\bt2 b 9 h[ diff]5t proportions6 ,to live z ,h>r+ton has liv$ ( late1 is to brea! little b azote4 ,i believe t all ^! ill effects w\ld h be51 ?\gh n obviat$1 at lea/ e>ly cur$1 _h he be5 compell$ to m+le 9 active life1--to make 8 livelihood by a pr(ession4 ,! brac+ air ( ! _w w\ld h dissipat$ ^! vapors :i* h ga!r$ ov] 8 s\l4 ,9 v tru?1 ,i half wi% t he c\ld n[ be /ripp$ ( 8 all1 & compell$ to become h$g] & dit*]4 ,x w\ld almo/ be a k9dness to ru9 him by engag+ him 9 "s ( ! wor/ railway speculations6 ,i f\nd him all t ,i _h promis$ to f9d him2 un*ang$ t[>ds myself2 sometimes *e]ful1 ?\gh (t5] melan*oly1 or1 at lea/1 to all appe>ances ennuye2 ) m cau/icity & s>casm 9 8 humor1 b )\t misan?ropy2 & ,i mu/ add1 ) ! same logical fairness1 ! same abhorr5ce ( sophi/ry1 :i*1 7 8 e>ly *>act]i/ics4 ,b ! j\rnal ( my visit1 :i* ,i am mo/ dilig5tly keep+1 w m fully in=m y ( 8 /ate ( m9d4 ,f4,b4 ,,j\rnal ,,( ,a ,,visit1 ,,etc4 ,july #a1 #ahea4 ,i arriv$ at ----,grange ?is day4 ,9 ! ev5+1 z ,h>r+ton & myself 7 conv]s+ 9 ! libr>y1 ,i avail$ myself ( a pause 9 ! conv]sation to break ! ice 9 relation to ! topic :i* lay ne>e/ my he>t1 by say+3-- ,& s y h become1 !y tell me1 a univ]sal sceptic8 ,n q1 he repli$1 ?r[+ "o ( 8 feet ov] ! edge ( ! s(a on :i* he 0 recl9+ & speak+ r dogmatically 7,i ?\ght7 = a sceptic4 ,n q3 b 9 relation to religion ,i c]ta9ly become conv9c$ t c]ta9ty1 l pride1 0 n made = man1 & t x is 9 va9 = man to seek x4 ,i 0 amus$ at ! contradiction ( a c]ta9ty ( univ]sal unc]ta9ty1 z well z at ! discov]y !re 0 no?+ to be discov]$4 ,he notic$ my smile1 & div9$ its cause4 ,=give me1 he said1 t1 l y ,*ri/ians & believ]s ( all sorts1 ,i sometimes f9d !ory discordant ) practice4 ,! g5]ality ( p are1 y "k1 a little inconsi/5t ) _! cre$2 suff] me to be s ) m9e4 ,i h no objection1 ,h>r+ton1 9 ! _w2 ! m inconsi/5t y are1 ! bett] ,i %all l y2 y h my free leave to be1 9 relation to scepticism1 j :at ! ,ant9omian is 9 relation to ,*ri/ianity or z true a sceptic z he 0 a true ,*ur*man :o %[$ 8 good pr9ciples1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,john/on1 by nev] pass+ a *ur* )\t tak+ (f 8 hat1 ?\gh he nev] w5t into x2 or ev5 z ,fal/aff1 :o _h =gott5 ':at ! inside ( a *ur* 0 made (4' ,i %all be cont5t$ inde$ to see y z little atta*$ to y\r no-tru?1 z ! g5]ality ( ,*ri/ians are to _! tru?4 ,i ?ank y1 said he1 a little s>ca/ically1 ,i d\bt if ,i %all ev] be able to rea* s p]fect a pit* ( inconsi/5cy4 ,b are y wise1 my de> uncle1 9 ?is taunt8 ,:at an argum5t h y sugge/$ to me1 if ,i ?\ght x wor? :ile to make use ( x6 ,h[ h y surr5d]$1 )\t once ?9k+ ( ! consequ5ces1 ! practical p[] ( ,*ri/ianity6 ,i began to fe> t !re w\ld be a good deal ( %>p-%oot+ betwe5 u4 ,i h surr5d]$ no?+1 ,i repli$4 ,if e ?+ is to be ab&on$1 :i*1 ?\gh pr(ess$ly ! subject ( man's conviction1 he fails to r$uce to practice1 8 cre$ w be %ort en\gh4 ,*ri/ianity1 h[ev]1 w be 9 no worse condition ?an morals1 ! !ory ( :i* has ev] be5 9 lam5table advance ( ! practice4 ,& lea/ ( all c scepticism /& su* x te/1 ( :i* y h j giv5 a pass+ illu/ration4 ,( ?is sy/em1 or r no-sy/em1 !re has nev] be5 a consi/5t vot>y1 if we except ,pyrrho himself2 & :e!r he 7 n an ins9c]e sceptic1 ! _w w always be mo/ s9c]ely sceptical4 ,b =give me my pass+ gibe4 ,9 wi%+ y to be z inconsi/5t z n9e t5?s ( ,*ri/ians are1 ,i did n mean to prejudice y\r argum5ts1 su* z !y are4 ,i "k x is n 9 y\r p[] to be o!rwise ?an inconsi/5t2 & ,i %all always h t argum5t aga9/ y1 s f> z x is "o4 ,& s f> z x is "o1 he repli$1 ,i %all always h ! same argum5t aga9/ y4 ,be x s1 ,i repli$1 = ! pres5t3 ,i am unwill+ to engage 9 polemical /rife ) y1 ! v fir/ ev5+ on :i* ,i h se5 y = s long a "t4 ,i w\ld mu* r he> a *apt] ( y\r pa/ travels & adv5tures1 :i* y "k y\r few & brief lett]s--b ,i w n reproa* y--left me 9 su* ignorance (4 ,he compli$ ) my reque/2 & 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation in=m$ me ( _m circum/ances :i* _h =m$ /eps 9 t sl[ gradation by :i* he _h rea*$ 8 pres5t /ate ( m9d2 a /ate :i* he did n affect to conceal4 ,b /ill ,i felt sure !re 7 o!r causes :i* he did n m5tion4 ,at l5g? ,i said1 ,y mu/ give me ! title ( an old fri5d1 --a fa!r1 ,h>r+ton1 ,i might almo/ say1--& ! te>s came into my eyes1--to talk h]eaft] fully ) y ( y\r s c]ta9 unc]ta9ty ab\t ! only topics :i* supremely affect ! happ9ess ( man4 ,i told him1 & ,i spoke x 9 no idle complim5t1 t ,i 0 conv9c$ he 0 f> en\gh f be+ "o ( ^? %all[ fools :o are incl9$ to scepticism because !y %r9k f ! tr\ble ( inve/igat+ ! evid5ce2 :o f9d s mu* to be said = ?is1 & mu* = t1 t !y conclude t !re is no tru?1 simply because !y are too indol5t to seek x4 ,?is1 said ,i1 is ! plea ( intellectual ,syb>ites ) :om y h no?+ 9 common4 ,& z little d y sympa?ize ) ^? di%one/1 ?\gh n always %all[ ?9k]s1 :o take refuge 9 alleg$ unc]ta9ty ( evid5ce1 because !y are afraid ( pursu+ x to unwelcome conclusions2 :o are sceptics on ! mo/ s+ul> & inconsi/5t ( all gr\nds1 presumption4 ,i "k y are none ( ^!4 ,i am1 ,i ?9k1 none ( ^!1 said he quietly4 ,y are n3 & y\r mann] & c\nt5ance proclaim x yet m /rongly ?an y\r words4 ,! only g5u9e effect ( a s9c]e scepticism is & mu/ be1 n ! complac5t & frivol\s humor :i* too (t5 atta*es to x1 b a m\rnful confession ( ! melan*oly condition to :i*1 if true1 ! !ory r$uces ! sceptic himself & all mank9d4 ,( all ! p>adoxes humanity exhibits1 surely !re are none m wond]ful ?an ! complac5cy ) :i* scepticism (t5 utt]s its d\bts1 & ! tranquillity :i* x boa/s z ! p]fection ( its sy/em6 ,su* a /ate ( m9d is utt]ly inconsi/5t ) ! g5u9e realization & true-he>t$ reception ( ! !ory4 ,on su* subjects su* a creature z man _c be 9 d\bt1 & really feel 8 d\bts1 )\t be+ anxi\s & mis]able4 ,:5 ,i he> "s y\? tell+ me1 ) a simp]+ face1 t he does n "k1 or pret5d to say1 :e!r !re be a ,god1 or n1 or :e!r1 if !re be1 ,he takes any int]e/ 9 human affairs2 or :e!r1 if ,he does1 x mu* imports u to "k2 or :e!r1 if ,he has reveal$ t k1 x is possible or impossible = u to asc]ta9 x2 :5 ,i he> him fur!r say+1 t meantime he is dispos$ to make himself v easy 9 ! mid/ ( ^! unc]ta9ties1 & to await ! great revelation ( ! future ) philosophical1 t is1 be+ int]pret$1 ) idiotic tranquillity1 ,i see t1 9 po9t ( fact1 he has nev] ent]$ into ! "q at all2 t he has fail$ to realize ! t]rible mom5t ( ! que/ions 7h[ev] !y may be decid$7 ( :i* he speaks ) su* amaz+ flippancy4 ,x is too (t5 ! result ( ?\ghtlessness2 ( a wi% to get rid ( tru?s unwelcome to ! he>t2 ( a va9 love ( p>adox1 or p]haps1 9 _m cases1 7z a fri5d ( m9e said17 ( an amiable wi% to fright5 mammas & maid5 aunts4 ,b let u be assur$ t a frivol\s sceptic1--a sceptic inde$1--aft] duly pond]+ & feel+ ! d\bts he pr(esses to embrace1 is an impossibility4 ,:at may be expect$ 9 ! g5u9e sceptic is a mode/ hope t he may be mi/ak51 a desire to be confut$2 a ret5tion ( 8 convictions z if !y 7 a guilty secret2 or ! promulgation ( !m only z ! utt]ance ( an agoniz$ he>t1 unable to suppress ! language ( its mis]y2 a dread ( mak+ proselytes1--ev5 z m5 refra9 f expos+ _! sores or plague-infect$ g>m5ts 9 ! eyes ( ! _w4 ,! lea/ we c expect f him is t mood ( m9d :i* ,pascal s sublimely says becomes ! ,a!i/ 444 ,is ?is1 !n1 a ?+ to be said ) gayety8 ,is x n r a ?+ to be said ) te>s z ! sadde/ ?+ 9 ! _w8 ,! curr5t ( conv]sation aft] a :ile1 someh[ swept u r\nd aga9 to ! po9t ,i _h resolv$ to quit = ?is ev5+4 ,b s9ce we are !re1 said ,i1 ,i wi% y w\ld 9 brief tell me :y1 :5 y d\bt$ ( ,*ri/ianity1 y did n /op at any ( ^? h>b\rs ( refuge :i*1 9 our "t especially1 h be5 s pl5tifully provid$ = ^? :o reject ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,y are n ignorant1 ,i "k1 ( ! writ+s ( ,mr4 ,!odore ,p>k]1 & o!r mod]n ,dei/s4 ,h[ is x t none ( !m ev5 transi5tly satisfi$ y8 ,an +5i\s eclecticism f\nd$ on !m has satisfi$1 y see1 y\r old college fri5d1 ,george ,fell[es1 ( :om ,i he> r>e ?+s4 ,he is f> en\gh f be+ a sceptic1 ,:y1 said he1 laugh+1 x is q true t ,george is n a sceptic1 ,he has believ$ m & disbeliev$ m1 & bo? "o & ! o!r = less reason1 ?an any o!r man ,i "k4 ,he us$ to s5d me ! /range/ lett]s :5 ,i 0 abroad1 & almo/ e "o pres5t$ him "u "s new phase4 ,no1 he is no sceptic4 ,if he has reject$ almo/ e ?+1 he has also embrac$ almo/ e ?+2 at ea* po9t 9 8 c>e]1 8 v]satile fai? has f\nd him "s sy/em to replace t he _h ab&on$2 & he is n[ a dogmati/ p> excell5ce1 = he has adopt$ a !ory ( religion :i* =mally abjures intellect & logic1 & is z s9c]ely abjur$ by !m4 ,if ! difficulties he has successively enc\nt]$ _h be5 se5 all at once1 ,i fancy he w\ld h be5 mu* :]e ,i am4 ,poor ,george6 ',suffici5t unto ! day1' ) him1 is ! !ology '!re('6 ,i picture him to myself go+ out ( a morn+1 ) 8 new !ological dress ^u him1 &1 *anc+ to meet ) "s fri5d1 :o prote/s !re is "s ?+ or o!r n q 'comme il faut1' he proce$s ) inf9ite complac5cy to alt] t portion ( 8 attire2 ! new co/ume is f\nd equally obnoxi\s to ! criticism ( somebody else1 & (f x goes l ! re/4 ,?is 0 a ludicr\s1 b n untrue1 repres5tation ( ,george ,fell[s's m9d2 only ! fri5d 9 ! image mu/ be suppos$ to mean 8 own wayw>d fancy2 = he is n p>ticul>ly am5able 7?\gh v amiable7 to ext]nal influ5ces4 ,s dom9ant1 h[ev]1 is pres5t feel+ & impulse1 or s defici5t is he 9 compreh5siv5ess1 t he (t5 takes up ) ! mo/ trump]y argum5ts2 t is1 = a few days at a "t4 ,yet he does n want acut5ess4 ,i h kn[n him %9e /rongly 7z has be5 said ( "s "o else7 ^u an angle ( a subject2 b he nev] %$s ov] its :ole surface equable illum9ation4 ,:]e evid5ce is complicat$ & v>i\s1 & consi/s ( _m oppos+ or modify+ elem5ts1 he nev] tr\bles himself to compute ! sum total1 & /rike a fair balance4 ,he /&s agha/ 9 ! pres5ce ( an objection :i* he _c solve1 & loses all pres5ce ( m9d 9 its contemplation4 ,he seldom consid]s :e!r !re are n /ill great] objections on ! o!r side1 nor h[ mu* f>!r1 if a pr9ciple be j1 x ought to c>ry him4 ,! mode 9 :i* he looks at a subject (t5 rem9ds me ( ! way 9 :i* ! eye1 accord+ to metaphysicians1 surveys an ext5sive l&scape4 ,x sees1 !y say1 only a po9t at a "t1 punctum visibile1 :i* is p]petually %ift+2 & ! impression ( ! :ole is 9 fact a rapid comb9ation1 by means ( memory1 ( p]ceptions all b coexi/5t2 if ! att5tion be /rongly fix$ ^u "s "o object1 ! re/ ( ! l&scape comp>atively fades f ! view4 ,n[ ,george ,fell[es seem$ to me1 9 a survey ( a l>ge subject1 to h an incomp>able faculty ( see+ ! m9imum visibile1 & t s ard5tly1 t all ! re/ ( ! l&scape vani%$ at ! mom5t f 8 p]ceptions4 ,well1 said ,i1 smil+1 y mu/ n blame him = 8 n rea*+ at once & p] saltum y\r position4 ,he has be5 m delib]ate 9 /ripp+ himself4 ,yet he has come on pretty well4 ,y ought n to despair ( him4 ,i wond] at :at po9t he is n[4 ,y may ask him to-morr[1 said he1 = ,i am expect+ him "h to sp5d a few weeks ) me4 ,at :atev] po9t he may be 9 ^! days ( 'progress1' z !y are call$1 he does n "k t ,i am already arriv$ at ! ne plus ultra2 = my lett]s to him 7 yet brief] & r>] ?an to y3 & ,i nev] t\*$ on ^! topics4 ,:]e w\ld h be5 ! use ( ask+ c\nsel ( su* an oracle8 ,i said ,i %\ld be glad to see him4 ,b ,i %all be /ill bett] pleas$ to he> f y1 :y y are dissatisfi$ ) any su* sy/em z 82 & especially :y y say he ought 9 consi/5cy to g mu* f>!r4 ,i am f> f say+ t my reasons w be satisfactory1 b ,i w endeavor1 if y wi% x1 to ju/ify my op9ion4 ,i %all c]ta9ly expect no less1 repli$ ,i4 ,y are /rangely alt]$1 if y are will+ to ass]t )\t attempt+ to prove2 & if y 7 alt]$1 ,i am n4 ,:5 w y let me he> y8 ,o1 9 a day or two1 :5 ,i h _h "t to put my ?\ghts on pap]2 b1 if ,i mi/ake n1 "s ( ! mo/ important po9ts w be discuss$ be=e t1 = ,fell[es1 ,i he>1 is a v knight-errant ( 'spiritualism1' & x is a ?\s& to "o b he attempts to conv]t me4 ,i int5d to let him h full opportunity4 ,i h>dly "k1 said ,i4 ,h>r+ton1 :e!r ,i wi% him success or n4 ,b "o ?+1 surely1 all mu/ admire 9 him3 ,i mean 8 c&or4 ,:at less ?an ?is c prompt him1 aft] ab&on+ ) su* extraord9>y facility s _m cre$s & fragm5ts ( cre$s1 aft] travell+ r\nd ! :ole circle ( !ology1 to confess ) su* *>m+ simplicity ! :ole hi/ory ( 8 m5tal revolutions1 & expose himself to ! *>ge ( unimag9able caprice1--( !ological coquetry8 ,i prote/ to y t1 a priori1 ,i %\ld h ?\ght x impossible t any man c\ld h made s _m & su* viol5t turns 9 s %ort a "t )\t a dislocation ( all ! jo9ts ( 8 s\l4--)\t incurr+ ! dang] ( a 'univ]sal an*ylosis4' ,"o w\ld imag9e1 said ,h>r+ton1 ) a laugh1 t1 9 y\r e/imate1 8 m9d resembles t +5i\s toy by :i* ! union ( ! v>i\s color$ rays ( light is illu/rat$3 ! r$1 ! yell[1 ! blue1 ! gre51 & s =?1 are di/9ctly pa9t$ on ! comp>tm5ts ( a c>d3 b no soon] are !y put into a /ate ( rapid revolution ?an ! :ole appe>s :ite4 ,su*1 x seems1 is ! appe>ance ( ,george ,fell[es 9 t rapid gyration to :i* he be5 subject$3 ! "p-color$ rays ( 8 v>i\s cre$s are lo/ sight ( & ! pure :ite ( 8 'c&or' is alone visible6 ,= myself1 said ,i1 ,i feel 9 "s measure incompet5t to pron\nce on 8 pres5t sy/em4 ,:5 ,i saw him = a %ort "t a few mon?s ago1 he told t1 ?\gh 8 v]satility ( fai? _h c]ta9ly be5 great1 he mu/ rem9d me 7z ,mr4 ,newman _h said7 t he _h se5 bo? sides2 t p]sons l myself1 = example1 h _h b "o exp]i5ce2 :]eas he has _h two4 ,if he 7 to urge me ) su* an argum5t1 repli$ ,h>r+ton1 ,i %\ld say we are ev5 !n4 ,b ,i ?9k ev5 y c\ld reply3 ',y y\rself inju/ice1 ,mr4 ,fell[es1 9 say+ y h _h two exp]i5ces4 ,y h _h two doz51 at lea/2 b :e!r t c qualify y = speak+ ) any au?ority on ^! subjects ,i mu* d\bt2 to give any weight to ! op9ions ( any man "s /ability at lea/ is necess>y4' ,?is ,i c\ld n ga9say4 ,sl[ revolutions on mom5t\s subjects1 :5 !re has be5 mu* sobriety z well z dilig5ce ( inve/igation1 are1 p]haps1 n despis$ z au?ority4 ,"s sup]ior weight may ev5 be atta*$ to ! lat] & matur] views4 ,b man *anges !m e o!r day2 if !y rise & fall ) ! b>omet]2 if 8 :ole life has be5 "o rapid pir\ette1 x is impossible ) gravity to discuss ! "q1 :e!r at "s po9t he may n h be5 "r4 ,:oev] be 9 ! "r1 he _c well be :o has nev] long be5 any ?+2 & to take su* a man = a guide w\ld be almo/ z absurd z to mi/ake a wea!rcock = a signpo/4 ,9 seek+ religi\s c\nsel ( ,george ,fell[s1 said ,h>r+ton4 ,i %\ld feel mu* z ,jeannie ,deans1 :5 %e w5t to ! ,int]pret]'s ,h\se4' z ,madge ,wildfire calls x1 9 company ) t fanta/ical p]sonage4 ,b he is a k9d-he>t$1 amiable fell[1 &1 9 %ort1 ,i _c help lik+ him4 ,july #b4 ,mr4 ,fell[es arriv$ ?is day ab\t noon4 ,he is ab\t a ye> y\ng] ?an ,h>r+ton4 ,! aft]noon 0 sp5t v pleasantly 9 g5]al conv]sation4 ,9 ! ev5+1 aft] tea1 we w5t into ! libr>y4 ,i told ! two fri5ds t1 z !y _h d\btless mu* to talk (1 & z ,i _h pl5ty ( occupation = my p51 ,i w\ld sit d[n at an adjo9+ table ) my desk1 & !y might g on ) _! *at4 ,!y did s1 & = "s "t talk$ ( old college days & on indiff]5t subjects2 b my att5tion 0 soon irresi/ibly attract$ by f9d+ !m gett+ into conv]sation 9 :i*1 on ,h>r+ton's acc\nt1 ,i felt a deep] int]e/4 ,i f\nd my employm5t impossible1 & yet1 desir+ to he> !m discuss _! !ological diff]5ces )\t con/ra9t1 ,i did n v5ture to int]rupt !m4 ,at la/ ! di/raction became intol]able2 &1 look+ up1 ,i said1 ,g5tlem51 ,i believe y might talk on ! mo/ private matt]s )\t my att5d+ to "o syllable y said2 b if y get ^u ^! !ological subjects1 su* is my pres5t int]e/ 9 !m1 glanc+ at ,h>r+ton1 t ,i %all be p]petually mak+ blund]s 9 my manuscript4 ,let me beg ( y to avoid !m :5 ,i am ) y1 or let me g into ano!r room4 ,h>r+ton w\ld n he> ( ! la/2 & z to ! fir/ he said1 & said truly1 t x w\ld imp$e ! free curr5t ( conv]sation1 :i*1 said he1 to be pleasurable at all1 mu/ w9d hi!r & ?i!r z ! fit takes u4 ,x is l a _m-/r+$ lyre1 & to break any "o ( ! *ords is to m> ! music4 ,& s1 my good uncle1 if y f9d u gett+ ^u ^! topics1 jo9 u2 we %all seldom be long at a "t ^u !m4 ,i w answ] = x2 or if y w n d t1 & yet1 ?\gh di/urb$ by our *att]1 are too polite to %[ x1 :y1 amuse y\rself 7,i "k y\r old ta*ygraphic skill1 :i* us$ to move my wond] 9 *ildhood71 ,i say1 amuse y\rself1 or r av5ge y\rself1 by jott+ d[n "s fragm5ts ( our absurdities1 & aft]w>ds %[+ u :at a c\ple ( fools we h be54 ,i 0 secretly delight$ ) ! sugge/ion2 &1 :5 ! subjects ( dispute 7 v int]e/+1 ?rew aside my "w1 :atev] x 01 & report$ !m pretty copi\sly4 ,h5ce ! complet5ess & accuracy ( ?is admirable j\rnal4 ,i _c ( c\rse always1 or ev5 (t51 v\* = ! ipsissima v]ba2 & "s few explanatory s5t5ces ,i h be5 oblig$ to add4 ,b ! sub/ance ( ! dialogues is fai?fully giv54 ,i ne$ n say1 t !y ref] only to subjects ( a !ological & polemical nature4 ,i h>dly "k h[ ! conv]sation took ! turn x did on ! pres5t occasion2 b ,i ?9k x 0 f ,mr4 ,fell[es's notic+ ,h>r+ton's pale looks1 & conjectur+ all sorts ( reasons = 8 occasional lapses into melan*oly4 ,8 fri5d hop$ ?is & hop$ t1 z usual4 ,h>r+ton at la/1 see+ 8 curiosity awak5$1 & t he w\ld g on conjectur+ all sorts ( ?+s1 said1 ,to t]m9ate y\r susp5se1 be x kn[n to t ,i am a bankrupt6 ,a bankrupt6 said ! o!r1 ) evid5t al>m2 y surely h n be5 s unwise z to risk rec5tly acquir$ prop]ty1 or to speculate 9---- ,y h hit x1 said ,h>r+ton2 ,i h speculat$ f> m deeply ?an y suppose4 ,! c\nt5ance ( 8 fri5d l5g!n$ visibly4 ,be n al>m$4 resum$ ,h>r+ton1 ) a smile2 ,i mean t ,i h speculat$ a good deal 9--philosophy1 & :5 ,i said ,i 0 a bankrupt1 ,i meant only t ,i 0 a bankrupt--9 fai?2 hav+ become 9 fact1 s9ce ,i saw y la/1 ?or\ghly sceptical4 ,! c\nt5ance ( ,fell[es contract$ to its prop] dim5sions4 ,he look$ ev5 *e]ful to f9d t 8 fri5d _h m]ely lo/ 8 fai?1 & n 8 =tune4 ,is t all8 said he1 ,i am he>tily glad to he> x4 ,sceptic6 ,no1 no2 y mu/ n be a sceptic ei!r1 except = a "t1 cont9u$ he1 mus+ v sagely4 ,x is no bad ?+ = a :ile3 = x at lea/ leaves ! h\se 'empty1 swept & g>ni%$4' ,r an unhappy application ( y\r remnant ( ,biblical k1 said ,h>r+ton2 ,i hope y d n int5d to g on ) ! text4 ,no1 no1 my de> fri5d2 ,i w>rant y we %all f9d y wor?i] gue/s ?an any su* fragm5ts ( suppos$ revelation4 ,if y are 9 'se>* ( a religion1' h[ happy %\ld ,i be to aid y6 ,i %all be inf9itely oblig$ to y1 said ,h>r+ton1 gravely2 = at pres5t ,i d n "k t ,i possess a f>?+'s wor? ( solid gold 9 ! _w4 ,ah6 t x 7 b 9 y\r p[] to l5d me "s3 b ,i fe> 7he add$ half s>ca/ically7 t y h n got m ?an en\gh = y\rself4 ,i assure y t ,i am f> f happy4 ,he spoke ) s mu* gravity1 t ,i h>dly knew :e!r to attribute x to "s int5tion ( dissembl+ a little ) 8 fri5d1 or to an involunt>y expression ( ! exp]i5ce ( a m9d t felt ! sorr[s ( a g5u9e scepticism4 ,x might be bo?4 ,h[ev]1 x br\ght ?+s to a crisis at once4 ,8 college fri5d look$ equally surpris$ & pleas$ at 8 appeal4 ,i tru/1 said he1 ) becom+ solemnity1 t all ?is is m]ely a tempor>y reaction f hav+ believ$ too mu*2 ! languor & dejection :i* att5d ! morr[ aft] a night's debau*4 ,i assure y t ,i rejoice r ?an grieve to he> t y h curtail$ y\r or?odoxy4 ,x has be5 j my own case1 z y "k3 only ,i flatt] myself1 t1 p]haps hav+ less subtilty ?an y1 ,i h n pass$ ! 'gold5 mean' betwe5 sup]/ition & scepticism1--betwe5 believ+ too mu* & believ+ too little4 ,i look$ up = a mom5t4 ,i saw a laugh 9 ,h>r+ton's eyes1 b n a feature mov$4 ,x pass$ away imm$iately4 ,i tell y1 said he1 t ,i believe absolutely no "o religi\s dogma :atev]2 :ile yet ,i w\ld give worlds1 if ,i _h !m1 to set my foot ^u a rock4 ,i %\ld ev5 be grateful to any "o1 :o1 if he did n give me tru?1 gave me a phantom ( x1 :i* ,i c\ld mi/ake = reality4 ,he aga9 spoke ) an e>ne/ness ( tone & mann]1 :i* conv9c$ me t1 if !re 7 any dissimulation1 x co/ him little tr\ble4 ,if y m]ely meant1 said ,fell[es1 t y d n reta9 any ve/ige ( y\r e>ly 'hi/orical' & 'dogmatical' ,*ri/ianity1 :y1 ,i reta9 j z little ( x4 ,inde$1 ,i d\bt1 he cont9u$1 ) p]haps sup]flu\s c&or1 :e!r ,i ev] 0 a ,*ri/ian2 & he seem$ r anxi\s to %[ t 8 cre$ _h be5 nom9al4 ,if x w save y ! tr\ble ( prov+ x4 said ,h>r+ton1 ,i w lib]ally grant y bo? y\r premises & y\r conclusion1 )\t ask+ y to /ate ! "o or prove ! o!r4 ,well1 !n1 ,*ri/ian or no ,*ri/ian4 !re 0 a "t1 at all ev5ts1 :5 ,i 0 or?odox1 y w grant t2 :5 ,i %\ld hate be5 will+ to sign ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles3 or ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-n9e2 or ! ,confession ( ,fai?3 or any o!r compilation1 or all o!rs2 ?\gh p]haps1 if /rictly exam9$1 ,i might h be5 f\nd 9 ! condition ( ! infidel ,scot* pr(essor1 :o1 be+ ask$ on 8 appo9tm5t to 8 ,*air1 :e!r ! ',confession ( ,fai?' conta9$ all t he believ$1 repli$1 ',yes1 ,g5tlem51 & a great deal m4' ,i h reject$ all 'cre$s'2 & ,i h n[ f\nd :at ! ,scripture calls t 'peace :i* passe? all und]/&+4' ,i am sure x passes m9e1 said ,h>r+ton1 if y really h f\nd x1 & ,i %\ld be mu* oblig$ to y if y w\ld let me p>ticipate 9 ! discov]y4 ,yes1 said ,fell[es1 ,i h be5 deliv]$ f ! intol]able burd5 ( all discussions z to dogma1 & all exam9ations ( evid5ce4 ,i h escap$ f ! 'bondage ( ! lett]1' & h be5 ,introduc$ into ! 'lib]ty ( ! _s4' ,y\r language1 at all ev5ts1 is ri*ly ,scriptural1 said ,h>r+ton2 x is z ?\gh y 7 det]m9$ n to leave ! 'lett]' ( ! ,scripture1 ev5 if y r5\nce ! '_s' ( x4 ,r5\nce ! _s ( x6 say r1 t 9 fact ,i h only n[ discov]$ x4 ,?\gh no ,*ri/ian 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 ,i am1 ,i hope1 some?+ bett]2 & a tru] ,*ri/ian 9 ! _s ?an ?\s&s ( ^? 9 ! lett]4 ,lett] & _s6 my fri5d1 said ,h>r+ton1 y puzzle me exce$+ly2 y tell me "o mom5t t y d n believe 9 hi/orical ,*ri/ianity at all1 ei!r its miracles or dogmas1--^! are fables2 b 9 ! next1 :y1 no old ,puritan c\ld g>ni% su* disc\rse ) a m edify+ use ( ! language ( ,scripture4 ,i suppose y w next tell me t y und]/& ! '_s' ( ,*ri/ianity bett] ev5 ?an ,paul4 ,s ,i d1 said our visitor complac5tly1 ',paulo majora canamus'2 = aft] all he 0 b half deliv]$ f 8 ,jewi% prejudices2 & :5 he quitt$ nons5se ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1--?\gh 9 fact he nev] did ?or\ghly1--he evid5tly believ$ ! fables ( ! ,new j z mu* z ! pure tru?s :i* lie at ! basis ( 'spiritual' ,*ri/ianity4 ,we sep>ate ! dross ( ,*ri/ianity f its f9e gold4 ',! lett] kille?1 b ! _s give? life1'--'! fruit ( ! _s is joy1 peace1' n--- ,^u my ^w1 said ,h>r+ton1 laugh+1 ,i %all beg9 to fancy pres5tly t ,d\ce ,davie ,deans has turn$ infidel1 & %all expect to he> ( '"r-h& fail+s (f & left-h& defections4' ,b tell me1 if y w\ld h me ?9k y rational1 is n y\r mean+ ?is3--t ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9s1 amid/ an inf9ity ( rubbi%1 ! /atem5t ( c]ta9 'spiritual' tru?s :i*1 & :i* alone1 y recognize4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,b y d n ackn[l$ge t ^! are d]iv$ f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,heav5 =bid2 !y are indig5\s to ! he>t ( man1 & are ant]ior to all ,te/am5ts1 old or new4 ,v well2 !n speak ( !m z y\r he>t dictates1 & d n1 unless y w\ld h ! _w ?9k y a hypocrite1 will+ to cajole x ) ! idea t y are a believ] 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :ile y 9 fact reject x1 or "o ( ! mo/ b>r5 un9v5tive ( all human be+s1 or fanatically fond ( my/ical language1--d n1 ,i say1 affect ?is v unctu\s way ( talk+4 ,&1 = ano!r reason1 d n4 ,i besee* y1 adopt ! phraseology ( m5 :o1 accord+ to y\r view1 mu/ surely h be5 ei!r ! mo/ mis]able fanatics or ! mo/ abom9able impo/ors2 = if !y believ$ all t sy/em ( miracle & doctr9e !y pr(ess$1 & ?is 7 n true1 !y 7 c]ta9ly ! fir/2 & if !y did n believe x4 ,!y 7 z c]ta9ly ! second4 ,p>don me2 ,i believe !m to h be5 em95tly holy m51--full ( spiritual wisdom & ( a truly sublime fai?1 ?\gh conjo9$ ) mu* ignorance & cr$ulity1 :i* x is unwor?y ( u to tol]ate4 ,:e!r x c\ld be ignorance & cr$ulity on y\r !ory1 retort$ ,h>r+ton1 is to my m9d v d\btful4 ,:e!r any m5 c untruly affirm t !y saw & did ! ?+s ! ,apo/les say !y saw & did1 & yet be s9c]e fanatics1 ,i "k n2 b ev5 7 x s1 s9ce x %[s 7z d also ! my/ical doctr9es y reject z false7 t !y c\ld be little less ?an out ( _! s5ses2 & z y fur!r say t ! spiritual s5tim5ts y reta9 9 common ) !m 7 no gift ( !irs1 b are y\rs & all mank9d's1 by orig9al inh]itance1 utt]$ by ! oracle ( ! human he>t be=e any ,te/am5ts 7 writt51--:y1 speak y\r ?\ghts 9 y\r own language4 ,ay1 b h[ d we "k t ^! orig9al ,*ri/ians said t !y _h se5 & done ! ?+s y ref] to8 :i* ( c\rse !y nev] did see & d1 because !y 7 miracul\s4 ,h[ d we "k :at additions & corruptions z to fact1 & :at disguises ( my/ical doctr9e1 '! idealiz+ biograph]s & hi/orians' 7z ,/rauss truly calls !m7 may h accumulat$ ^u _! simple utt]ances8 ,& h[ d y "k1 !n1 :e!r !y ev] utt]$ ^! simple 'utt]ances'8 or :e!r !y are n "p ( ! corruptions8 or h[ c y sep>ate ! "o f ! o!r8 or h[ c y asc]ta9 ^! m5 meant :at y mean1 :5 y ?us vilely copy _! language8 ,because ,i "k ^! tru?s indep5d5tly ( ,bible1 to be sure4 ,!n speak ( !m indep5d5tly ( ! ,bible4 ,if y pr(ess to h brok5 ! /]eotype-plates ( ! 'old revelation' & deliv]$ mank9d f _! bondage1 d n proce$ to express y\rself only 9 fragm5ts f !m2 if y pr(ess fre$om ( s\l1 & ! possession ( ! pure tru?1 d n appe> to be s pov]ty-/rick5 z to array y\r ?\ghts 9 ! tatt]s ( ! ca/-(f ,bible4 ,ay1 b ! 'sa9ts' ( ! ,bible1 repli$ ,fell[s1 are1 ev5 by ,mr4 ,frank ,newman's own confession1 ^? :o h ent]$1 aft] all1 mo/ pr(\ndly ! tru?s ( spiritual religion1 & /& almo/ alone 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w 9 t respect4 ,if x be s1 x is c]ta9ly v odd1 consid]+ ! m\nta9-loads ( folly1 error1 fable1 fiction1 f :i* _! spiritual religion did n 9 y\r e/eem def5d !m1 & :i* y say y are oblig$ to reject4 ,x is a ph5om5on ( :i*1 ,i ?9k1 y are b\nd to give "s acc\nt4 ,b :at is !re s wond]ful 9 suppos+ !m 9 possession ( sup]ior 'spiritual' advantages1 ) mi/ak5 hi/ory & fallaci\s logic1 & s =?8 ,:y answ]$ ,h>r+ton1 "o wond] is1 t !y alone1 & amid/ su* gross errors1 %\ld possess ^! spiritual advantages4 ,b x also appe>s to me t y\r notions ( ! 'spiritual' are n ! same !irs1 = y reject ! ,new ,te/am5t dogmas z well z its hi/ory2 if s1 x is ano!r reason = n mislead+ u by us+ language 9 deceptive s5ses4 ,b1 at all ev5ts1 ,i _c help pity+ y\r pov]ty ( ?\ght1 or pov]ty ( expression1--"o or bo?2 & ,i beg y1 = my sake1 if n = y\r own1 to express y\r ?\ghts z mu* z possible 9 y\r own t]ms1 & avail y\rself less lib]ally ( ^? ( ,david & ,paul1 ^: language ord9>y ,*ri/ians w always associate ) ano!r mean+1 & c nev] believe y s9c]e 9 suppos+ t x rightfully expresses ! doctr9es ( y\r mo/2 spiritual' infidelity4 ,!y w c]ta9ly he> y\r ,scriptural & dev\t language ) ! same feel+s ) :i* !y w\ld nauseate t mo/ oppressive ( all odors1 --! fa9t sc5t ( lav5d] 9 ! *amb] ( dea?4 ,my good uncle "h1 :o _c be prevail$ ^u to reject ! ,bible w n1 ,i am sure1 he> y1 )\t suppos+ t y resemble ^? ,rationali/s ( :om ,m5zel says1 ',^! g5tlem5 smil+ly taught _! !ological pupils t unbelief 0 ! true apo/olic1 primitive ,*ri/ian belief2 !y put all _! insipidities into ,*ri/'s mon?1 & made him1 by means ( _! exegetical juggl]y1 sometimes a ,kantian1 sometimes a ,hegelian1 sometimes "o ian & sometimes ano!r1 'wie es dem ,h]rn ,pr(essor beliebt'3 nei!r w he be able to imag9e t y are n resort+ to ?is artifice = ! same purpose4 ',! ,bible1' says ,m5zel1 '& _! ,reason be+ incompatible1 :y d !y n let !m rema9 sep>ate8 ,:y insi/ on h>moniz+ ?+s :i* d n1 & nev] c h>monize8 ,x is because !y are aw>e t ! ,bible has au?ority ) ! p2 o!rwise !y w\ld nev] tr\ble !mselves ab\t s tr\blesome a book4' ,i _c suspect y ( su* hypocrisy2 b ,i mu/ confess ,i reg>d y\r language z cant4 ,z ,i li/5 to y ,i seem to see a hybrid betwe5 ,prynne & ,voltaire4 ,s f> f its be+ true t y h r5\nc$ ! 'lett]' ( ! ,bible & reta9$ its '_s1' ,i ?9k x w\ld be mu* m correct to say1 comp>+ y\r infidel hypo!sis ) y\r mo/ spiritual dialect1 t y h r5\nc$ ! '_s' ( ! ,bible & reta9$ its 'lett]4' ,b are y 9 a condition to give an op9ion8 said ,fell[es1 ) a s]i\s air4 ,mr4 ,newman says 9 a l case1 ',! natural man disc]ne? n ?+s ( ! _s ( ,god1 because !y are fooli%ness unto him'2 x is ! 'spiritual man only :o se>* ! deep ?+s ( ,god4' ,at ! same "t ,i freely ackn[l$ge t ,i nev] c\ld see my way cle> to employ an argum5t :i* looks s arrogant2 & ! less1 z ,i believe1 ) ,mr4 ,p>k]1 t ! only revelation is 9 all m5 alike4 ,yet1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i _c d\bt my own consci\sness4 ,:y1 no man d\bts 8 own consci\sness1 said ,h>r+ton1 laugh+4 ,! "q is1 ,:at is its value8 ,:at is ! crit]ion ( univ]sal 'spiritual tru?1' if !re be any8 ,^? words 9 ,paul's m\? 7 well1 & _h a mean+4 ,9 y\rs1 ,i suspect !y w\ld h none1 or a v diff]5t "o4 ,he dreamt t he 0 giv+ to mank9d 7va9ly1 z seems7 a sy/em ( doctr9es & tru?s :i* 71 _m ( !m1 transc5d5tal to ! human intellect & consci5ce1 & :i* :5 reveal$ 7 v di/a/eful 7& n lea/ to y72 b ! ass]tion ( a spiritual monopoly w\ld assur$ly s\nd r odd 9 "o :o pr(esses1 if ,i und]/& y1 t has giv5 to man 7= x is no discov]y ( any individual7 an int]nal & univ]sal revelation6 ,b ( y\r possible limitations ( y\r univ]sal spiritual revelation1--:i* all m5 'naturally' possess1 b :i* ! 'natural man' receive? n1--we w talk aft]4 ,sceptic z ,i am1 ,i am n a sceptic :o is reconcil$ to scepticism4 ,meantime1 y reject ! ,bible 9 toto1 z an ext]nal revelation ( ,god1 if ,i und]/& y4 ,9 toto2 & ,i believe t x has receiv$ 9 ?is age its dea?-bl[4 ,ay1 t is :at ! infidel has be5 always promis+ u2 meantime1 !y someh[ p]i%1 & x laughs at !m4 ,y rememb]1 p]haps1 ! words ( old ,wool/on1 s _m fragm5ts ( ^: criticism1 z ^? ( _m o!rs1 h be5 incorporat$ by ,/rauss4 ,he _h1 z he elegantly expresses x1 'cut out su* a piece ( "w = ! ,boylean lectures z %\ld hold !m tug z long z ! m9i/ry ( ! lett] %\ld la/'2 = he too1 y see1 mask$ 8 infidelity by a di/9ction betwe5 ! 'lett]' & ! '_s1' ?\gh he appli$ ! conv5i5t t]ms 9 a totally diff]5t s5se4 ,poor s\l6 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( 8 infidelity are surr5d]$ by ,/rauss himself4 ,simil>ly1 a score ( assailants ( ! ,bible h appe>$ & vani%$ s9ce 8 day2 ea* proclaim+1 j z he himself w5t to ! bottom1 t he _h giv5 ! ,bible its dea?-bl[6 ,someh[1 h[ev]1 t s+ul> book cont9ues to fl\ri%1 to ,propagate itself1 to speak all languages1 to int]m+le m & m ) ! lit]ature ( all civiliz$ nations2 :ile mank9d w n accept1 slaves z !y are1 ! intellectual fre$om y (f] !m4 ,x is really v provok+2 ( :at use is x to de/roy ! ,bible s (t51 :5 x lives ! next m9ute8 ,i h little d\bt y\r new attempts w end j l ! labors ( ! ,rationali/s ( ! ,paulus s*ool1 s graphically describ$ by ! ,g]man writ] :om ,i h already ref]r$ to4 ',x is sad1 no d\bt1' says he1 or some?+ to ! same effect1 't1 aft] fifty ye>s' exegetical grubb+1 we$+1 & prun+ at '! mighty primitive =e/ ( ! ,bible1 ! next g5]ation %\ld p]si/ 9 say+ t ! ,rationali/ _h de/roy$ ! =e/ only 9 8 own addl$ imag9ation1 & t x is j z x 04' ,yes2 b ! new weapons w n be s easily evad$ z ^? ( a pa/ age4 ,w !y n8 ,we %all see4 ,y mu/ n prophesy2 9 t1 y "k1 y d n believe4 ,no2 b nev]!less we %all see s-call$ sacr$ dogma & hi/ory explod$1 = ,mr4 ,newman-- ,?9ks s1 ( c\rse2 & he mu/ be "r1 because he has nev] be5 kn[n to be wrong 9 any ( 8 judgm5ts1 or ev5 to v>y 9 !m4 ,b we h _h en\gh1 ,i ?9k1 ( ^! subjects ?is ev5+1 & x is too bad to give y only a controv]sial welcome4 ,i want to h "s conv]sation ) y ab\t v diff]5t ?+s1 & m pleasant j n[4 ,we %all h pl5ty ( opportunity to discuss !ological po9ts4 ,to ?is ,fell[es ass5t$3 !y resum$ g5]al conv]sation1 & ,i f9i%$ my lett]s4 ---- ,july #c4 ,we 7 all sitt+1 z on ! previ\s day1 9 ! libr>y4 ,book-fai?6 ,i he>d ,h>r+ton say1 laugh+2 :y1 z to t ,i mu/ ne$s ackn[l$ge t ! :ole s*ool ( ,deism1 'rational' or 'spiritual1' h ! lea/ reason 9 ! _w to indulge 9 sne]s at book-fai?2 =1 ^u my ^w1 _! fai? has consi/$ 9 little else4 ,_! sy/ems are p>*m5t religions1 my fri5d1 all ( !m2--books1 books1 = ev]1 f ,"l ,h]b]t's "t d[nw>ds1 are all !y h yet giv5 to ! _w4 ,!y h ev] be5 boa/ful & l\d-tongu$1 b h done no?+2 !re are no great social ef=ts1 no organizations1 no practical projects1 :e!r successful or futile1 to :i* !y c po9t4 ,! old 'book-fai?s' :i* y v5ture to ridicule h be5 some?+ at all ev5ts2 &1 9 tru?1 ,i c f9d no o!r 'fai?' ?an :at is someh[ or o!r atta*$ to a 'book1' :i* has be5 any ?+ influ5tial4 ,! ,v$as1 ! ,koran1 ! ,old ,te/am5t ,scriptures1-- ^? ( ! ,new1--ov] h[ _m millions h ^! all reign$6 ,:e!r _! supremacy be "r or wrong1 _! doctr9e true or false1 is ano!r "q2 b y\r fai?1 :i* has be5 book-fai? & lip-s]vice p> excell5ce1 has done no?+ t ,i c discov]4 ,"o aft] ano!r ( y\r infidel ,re=m]s passes away1 & leaves no trace beh9d1 except a quantity ( crumbl+ 'book-fai?4' ,y h always be5 j on ! eve ( ext+ui%+ sup]natural fables1 dogmas1 & sup]/itions1--& !n reg5]at+ ! _w6 ,alas6 ! meane/ sup]/ition t crawls laughs at y2 &1 false z x may be1 is /ill /rong] ?an y4 ,& y\r sect1 retort$ ,fell[es1 r w>mly1 if y come to t1 is x n ! smalle/ ( all8 ,is t likely to f9d favor 9 ! eyes ( mank9d8 ,:y1 no1 said ,h>r+ton1 ) provok+ coolness2 b !n x makes no pret5sions to any ?+ ( ! k9d4 ,x 7 /range if x did2 = z ! sceptic d\bts if any tru? c be c]ta9ly atta9$ by man on ^? subjects on :i* ! 'rational' or ! 'spiritual' dei/ dogmatizes1 x ( c\rse pr(esses to be incapable ( con/ruct+ any ?+4 ,& does con/ruct no?+1 retort$ ,fell[es4 ,v true1 said ,h>r+ton1 & !re9 keeps its ^w2 :i* is m1 ,i fe>1 ?an c be said ) y\r m ambiti\s spirituali/s1 :o pr(ess to con/ruct1 & d n4 ,b y mu/ give ! s*ool ( spiritualism "t3 x is only j born4 ,y seem to me to be conf\nd+ ! s*ool ( ! old1 dry1 logical deism ) ! "y1 fre%1 vigor\s1 e>ne/ s*ool' :i* appeals to 'insight' & 'intuition4' ,no1 said ,h>r+ton1 ,i ?9k ,i d n conf\nd4 ,! fir/ & ! be/ ( our ,engli% dei/s d]iv$ 8 sy/em z imm$iately f intuitions z ,mr4 ,p>k] or y4 ,y "k h[ x sp$--or1 if y d n1 y may easily discov]--) 8 successors3 !y cont9ually disput$ ab\t x1 curtail$ x1 add$ to x1 alt]$ x1 agre$ 9 no?+ b ! au?or's rejection ( ,*ri/ianity1 & =got m & m ! dec5cy ( 8 /yle4 ,s w x be ) y\r ,mr4 ,newman & 8 successors4 ,!y w acquiesce 9 8 rejection ,*ri/ianity2 dep5d ^u x1 9 no?+ m4 ,he may get 8 admir]s to ab&on ! ,bible1 b !y w h naught to d ) ! 'loves1 & joys1 & sorr[s1 & raptures1 :i* he describes 9 ! ',s\l'2 !y w\ld j z soon read ! ',canticles4' ,i really _c admit1 said ,fell[es1 t we mod]n spirituali/s are to be conf\nd$ ) ,"l ,h]b]t4 ,n conf\nd$ ) him1 c]ta9ly1 repli$ ,h>r+ton1 b id5tifi$ ) him y may be2 except to be sure1 t he 0 conv9c$ ( ! immortality ( man z "o ( ! few articles ( all religion2 :ile _m ( y d5y1 or d\bt x4 ,! doctr9es-- ,call !m s5tim5ts1 r2 ,i l t t]m bett]4 ,o1 c]ta9ly1 if y pref] x2 only be pleas$ to obs]ve t a s5tim5t felt is a fact1 & a fact is a tru?1 & a tru? may surely be express$ 9 a proposition4 ,t is all ,i am anxi\s ab\t at pres5t4 ,if s f>1 at lea/1 we may n pat* up ! divorce :i* ,mr4 ,newman has pron\nc$ betwe5 ! 'intellect & ! 's\l1' x is ( no use = u to talk ab\t ! matt]4 ,i say t ,"l ,h]b]t's articles-- ,!re aga91 'articles1' said ,fell[es2 ,i hate ! ^w2 ,i c\ld almo/ imag9e t y 7 go+ to recite ! =midable ,?irty-n9e4 ,r1 f y\r outcry1 "o w\ld suppose ,i 0 ab\t to inflict ! =ty save "o3 b d n be al>m$4 ,! articles nei!r ( ,"l ,h]b]t's cre$ nor ( y\r own1 ,i suspect1 are ?irty-n9e1 or any ?+ l x4 ,! catalogue w be soon exhau/$4 ,"h aga91 'cre$'3 ,i dete/ ! ^w4 ,we h no cre$4 ,y\r v language *ills me4 ,x rem9ds me ( ! dry or?odoxy ( ! 'lett]1' 'logical processes1' 'intellectual propositions1' & s =?4 ,speak ( 'spiritual tru?s' & 's5tim5ts1' :i* are ! product ( imm$iate 'insight1' ( 'an insight into ,god1' a 'spontane\s impression on ! gaz+ s\l1' to adopt ,mr4 ,newman's beautiful expressions1 & ,i %all und]/& y4 ,i am afraid ,i %all h>dly und]/& myself !n1 cri$ ,h>r+ton4 ,b let u n be sc>$ by m]e words1 nor g into hy/]ics at ! s\nd ( 'logic' & 'cre$1' le/ 's5tim5tal spirituality' be f\nd1 l "s o!r 's5tim5tal' ?+s1 a bundle ( s5seless affectations4 ,b y =get t !re is all ! diff]5ce 9 ! _w betwe5 ,h]b]t & 8 dei/ical successors4 ,!y connect$ religion ) ! 'intellectual & s5sational1' & we ) ! 'in/9ctive & emotional' sides ( human nature4 ,if y ?9k1 said ! o!r1 7! sub/ance ( y\r religi\s sy/em be+1 z ,i believe1 precisely ! same z t ( ,"l ,h]b]t & ! bett] dei/s17 t y c make x m effective ?an x has be5 9 ! pa/1 by conjur+ ) ! words 's5sational & intellectual1' 'in/9ctive & emotional1' or t ! mixture ( *alk & wat] w be m pot5t ) "o label ?an ) ! o!r1 ,i fancy y w f9d y\rself deceiv$4 ,! di/9ctions y ref] to h to d ) ! !ory ( ! subject1 & w make d9 en\gh1 no d\bt1 among su* z ,mr4 ,newman & y\rself2 b mank9d at l>ge w be unable ev5 to ent] into ! mean+ ( y\r ref9em5ts4 ,!y w say briefly & bluntly1 ',:at are ! tru?s1 :e!r1 z ,"l ,h]b]t says1 !y are innate1 or1 z y say1 spiritual intuitions1 7we c>e no?+ = ! phraseology ( ei!r or bo? ( y17 :i* are to be admitt$ by univ]sal humanity1 & to be influ5tial ov] ! he>t & consci5ce8' ,n[1 ,i suspect t1 :5 y come to ! enum]ation ( ^! tru?s1 y\r sy/em & t ( ,"l ,h]b]t w be f\nd ! same2 only z reg>ds ! immortality ( ! s\l 8 tone is firm] ?an p]haps ,i %all f9d y\rs4 ,b ,i admit ! policy ( a *ange ( "n3 ',rationali/' & ',dei/' h a bad s\nd2 ',spirituali/' is a bett] nom de gu]re = ! pres5t4 ,we %all nev] und]/& "o ano!r1 said ,fell[es3 ! spiritual man-- ,p%aw6 said ,h>r+ton2 y c imm$iately br+ ! matt] to ! te/ by tell+ me :at y ma9ta91 & !n ,i %all "k :e!r y\r sy/em is or is n id5tical ) ,"l ,h]b]t's2 or r tell me :at y d n believe1 & let u come to x t way4 ,d y believe a s+le %r$ ( any ( ! sup]natural n>ratives ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t8 ,no1 said ,fell[es2 a ?\s& times no4 ,v well1 t gets rid ( at lea/ f\r sev5?s ( ! ,bible4 ,d y believe 9 ! ,tr9ity1 ! ,atonem5t1 ! ,resurrection ( ,*ri/1 9 a g5]al ,resurrection1 9 ! ,day ( ,judgm5t8 ,no1 n 9 "o ( !m1 said ,fell[es2 n 9 a p>ticle ( "o ( !m4 ,pretty well aga94 ,y reject1 !n1 ! *>act]i/ic doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,n "o ( !m1 0 ! answ]4 ,we are inde$ 9 dang] ( misund]/&+ "o ano!r1 said ,h>r+ton4 ,b tell me1 is x n y\r boa/1 z ( ,mr4 ,p>k]1 t ! tru?s :i* are ess5tial to religion are n peculi> to ,*ri/ianity1 b are involv$ 9 all religions8 ,assur$ly4 ,if ,i 7 to ask y :at 7 ! ess5tial attributes ( a man1 w\ld y assign ^? :i* he _h 9 common ) a pig8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,b if ,i ask$ y :at 7 ^? ( an animal1 ,i presume y w\ld give ^? :i* bo? species possess$1 & none t ei!r possess$ exclusively4 ,i %\ld4 ,ne$ ,i add1 !n1 t y are deceiv+ y\rself :5 y say t y believe all ! *>act]i/ic doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 s9ce y say t y believe only ^? :i* x has 9 common ) e religion8 ,if ,i 7 to ask y :at doctr9es are ess5tial to con/itute any religion1 !n y w\ld d well to enum]ate ^? :i* belong to ,*ri/ianity & e o!r4 ,b :5 we talk ( ! doctr9es peculi> to ,*ri/ianity1 we mean ^? :i* discrim9ate x f e o!r1 & n ^? :i* are common to x ) !m4 ,b h[ev]1 said ,fell[es1 none ( ! doctr9es y h enum]at$ are a "p ( ,*ri/ianity1 b are m]e additions ( impo/ure or fanaticism4 ,!n :at are ! doctr9es :i*1 ?\gh common to e o!r religion1 are *>act]i/ic ( x8 ,:at is left t is ess5tial or peculi> to ,*ri/ianity1 :5 y h d5ud$ x ( all t y reject8 ,is x n !n assimilat$1 by y\r own confession1 to e o!r religion8 ,h[ %all we discrim9ate !m8 ,by ?is1 p]haps1 said ,fell[es1 7= ,i ackn[l$ge "s difficulty "h17 t ,*ri/ianity conta9s ^! tru?s ( absolute religion alone & pure4 ,z ,mr4 ,p>k] says1 ,?is is ! glory ( g5u9e ,*ri/ianity4 ,d y n see t ?is is ! v "q1--y y\rself be+ oblig$ to reject n9e t5?s ( ! /atem5ts 9 ! only records 9 :i* we "k any?+ ab\t x8 ,might n an anci5t prie/ ( ,jupit] say ! same ( 8 religion1 by fir/ dive/+ x ( all b t :i* y say x _h 9 common ) e o!r8 ,h[ev]1 let u n[ look at ! positive side4 ,:at is ! residuum :i* y condesc5d to leave to y\r g5u9e ,*ri/ianity8 ,*ri/ianity1 said ,fell[es1 r pomp\sly1 is n s mu* a sy/em z a discipl9e1--n a cre$1 b a life3 9 %ort1 a div9e philosophy4 ,all :i* ,i h he>d f all sorts ( ,*ri/ianity a ?\s& times1 cri$ ,h>r+ton2 & x is delightfully vague2 x may mean any ?+ or no?+4 ,b ! tru?s1 ! tru?s1 :at are !y1 my fri5d8 ,i see ,i mu/ get !m f y by fragm5ts4 ,y\r fai? includes1 ,i presume1 a belief 9 "o ,supreme ,god1 :o is a ,div9e ,p]sonality2 9 ! duty ( rev]5c+1 lov+1 & obey+ him1--:e!r y "k h[ t is to be done or n2 t we mu/ rep5t ( our s9s1--if inde$ we duly "k :at ?+s are s9s 9 8 sight2 t he w c]ta9ly =give to any ext5t on su* rep5tance1 )\t any m$iation2 t p]haps !re is a heav5 h]eaft]2 b t x is v d\btful if !re are any puni%m5ts4 ,i d believe1 said ,fell[es1 ^! are ! c>d9al doctr9es ( ! ',absolute ,religion1' z ,mr4 ,p>k] calls x4 ,nor c ,i conceive t any o!rs are necess>y4 ,well1 said ,h>r+ton1 ) ! exception ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 on :i* ,"l ,h]b]t has ! advantage ( speak+ a little m firmly1 ! ,dei/s & su* 'spirituali/s' z y are assur$ly id5tical4 ,i h simply abridg$ 8 articles4 ,! same project z y\rs spiritualism' or 'naturalism1' 9 all its ess5tial features1 has be5 (t5 tri$ be=e1 & f\nd want+2 t is1 ( gu>antee+ to man a suffici5t & infallible int]nal oracle1 indep5d5t ( all aid f ext]nal revelation1 & ( prov+ t he has1 9 effect1 possess$ & enjoy$ x always2 only t1 by a slight inadv]t5ce 7,i suppose71 he did n "k x4 ,! !ory1 inde$1 is r suspici\sly conf9$ to ^? :o h previ\sly _h ! ,bible4 ,no su* pl5>y confid5ce is f\nd 9 ! anci5t hea!n philosoph]s1 :o1 9 _m n obscure places1 ackn[l$ge t ! pa? ( mortal man1 by 8 int]nal light1 is a little dim4 ,_m1 !re=e1 say1 t ! ',naturali/s' & ',spirituali/s' are b plagi>i/s f ! ,bible1 & ( c\rse1 l o!r plagi>i/s1 depreciate ! s\rces f :i* !y h /ol5 _! treasures4 ,i ?9k unju/ly2 =1 :atev] _! obligations to t mutilat$ volume1 ,i ackn[l$ge !y h trans=m$ ,*ri/ianity q suffici5tly to entitle !mselves to ! praise ( orig9ality2 & if ! ,battle ( ! ,books 7 to be f\ght ov] aga91 ,i d\bt :e!r ,moses or ,paul w\ld ?9k x wor? :ile to make any o!r answ] ?an t ( ,plato 9 t witty piece1 to ! ,grub ,/reet au?or1 :o boa/$ t he _h n be5 9 ! slighe/ deuce indebt$ to ! classics3 ,plato decl>$ t1 ^u 8 honor1 he believ$ him6 ,:e!r ! successors ( ! ,h]b]ts & ,t9dals ( a =m] day are n plagi>i/s f !m1 is ano!r "q1 & dep5ds entirely ^u :e!r ! writ+s ( _! pr$ecessors are suffici5tly kn[n to !m4 ,probably1 ! hopeless oblivion :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 cov]s !m 7= ! p]v]se _w has be5 aga9 & aga9 assur$ ( its infallible int]nal light1 & has p]si/$ 9 d5y+ t x has x7 w protect our mod]n au?ors f ! imputation ( plagi>ism2 b t ! sy/ems 9 "q are ess5tially id5tical c h>dly admit ( d\bt4 ,! pr9cipal diff]5ce is z to ! organon by :i* ! revelation affirm$ to be int]nal & univ]sal is appreh5d$2 x affects ! metaphysics ( ! "q1 &1 l all metaphysics1 is *>act]i/ically d>k4 ,b ab\t ?is y w n get ! mass ( mank9d to1 any m ?an y c get y\rselves to agree2 no1 nor w y agree ev5 ab\t ! sy/em itself4 ,nay1 y mod]n spirituali/s1 j z ! eld] dei/s1 are already qu>rell+ ab\t x4 ,9 %ort1 ! univ]sal light 9 man's s\l flick]s & wav]s mo/ abom9ably4 ,i see1 said ,fell[es1 y are pr(\ndly prejudic$ aga9/ ! spirituali/s4 ,i believe n1 said ,h>r+ton2 ! wor/ ,i wi% !m is t !y may be hone/ m51 & appe> :at !y really are4 ,i suppose next1 exclaim$ ! o!r1 y w attribute to ! mod]n spirituali/s ! scurrility ( ! eld] dei/s1--( ,wool/on1 ,t9dal1 & ,coll9s8 ,no1 said ,h>r+ton1 ,i answ] no2 nor d ,i 7rememb]7 comp>e ,"l ,h]b]t 9 ^! respects ) 8 successors4 ,he 0 an amiable en?usia/2 9 _m respects resembl+ ,mr4 ,newman himself4 ,d y rememb]1 by ! way1 h[ t mo/ reasonable reject] ( all 'ext]nal' revelation pray$ t he might be direct$ by ,heav5 :e!r he %\ld publi% or n publi% 8 'book'8 ab\t :i*1 if ,heav5 0 v solicit\s1 ?is _w has s9ce be5 v indiff]5t4 ,hav+ di/9ctly he>d 'a s\nd z ( ?und]1' on a v 'calm & s]5e day1' he imm$iately receiv$ x z a pret]natural answ] to pray]1 & an indubitable sign ( ,heav5's concurr5ce'4 ,no su* ta9t ( sup]/ition1 h[ev]1 w be f\nd cl++ to ,mr4 ,newman4 ,he has mo/ ?or\ghly abjur$ all notion ( an ext]nal revelation2 nay1 he d5ies ! possibility ( a 'book-revelation ( spiritual & moral tru?'2 & ,i am confid5t t 8 dilemma on t po9t is unassailable4 ,be x s1 answ]$ ,h>r+ton2 y w readily suppose ,i am n incl9$ to conte/ t po9t v vigor\sly2 yet ,i confess t1 z usual1 my invet]ate scepticism leaves me 9 "s d\bts4 ,w y assi/ me 9 resolv+ !m8--b n to-night2 let u h a little m talk ab\t old college days1--or :at say y to a game at *ess8 ,july #d4 ,i ?\ght ?is day w\ld h pass$ (f entirely )\t polemics2 b ,i 0 mi/ak54 ,9 ! ev5+ ,h>r+ton1 aft] a v *e]ful morn+1 relaps$ into "o ( 8 p5sive moods4 ,conv]sation flagg$2 at la/ ,i he>d ,fell[es say1 ,i h ?is advantage ( y1 my fri5d1 t my s5tim5ts h1 at all ev5ts1 produc$ t peace ( :i* y are 9 que/1 & :i* y\r c\nt5ance at times too pla9ly decl>es y n to possess4 ,if y _h x1 y w\ld n take s gloomy a view ( ?+s4 ,l him f :om ,i h d]iv$ "s ( my s5tim5ts1 ,i h f\nd t !y t5d to make me a happi] man4 ,! ,*ri/ian1 l y\rself1 looks ^u e ?+ ) a jaundic$ or di/ort$ eye1 & is apt to und]rate ! claims & pleasures ( ?is pres5t sc5e ( our exi/5ce4 ,i c truly say t ,i n[ ent] into !m mu* m ke5ly ?an ,i c\ld :5 ,i 0 an or?odox ,*ri/ian4 ,i c say ) ,mr4 ,newman1 ,i n[1 ) delib]ate approval1 'love ! _w & ! ?+s ( ! _w4' ,! ,new ,te/am5t1 z ,mr4 ,newman says1 bids u wat* p]petually1 n kn[+ :e!r ! ,"l w return at cock-cr[+ or midday2 't ! only ?+ wor? sp5d+ "o's en]gies on1 is ! =w>d+ ( m5's salvation4' ,n[ ,i mu/ say ) him1 t1 :ile ,i believ$ ?is1 ,i act$ an ecc5tric & unpr(itable "p4 ,only !n8 said ,h>r+ton4 ,y 7 =tunate4 ,he says1 t to tea* ! c]ta9 spe$y de/ruction ( e>?ly ?+s1 z ! ,new ,te/am5t does1 is to cut ! s9ews ( all e>?ly progress2 to decl>e aga9/ intellect & imag9ation1 aga9/ indu/rial & social advancem5t4 ,my gravity 0 h>dly equal to ! task ( li/5+ to ! fir/ "p ( ,mr4 ,fell[es's spee*4 ,to he> t ! common & j reproa* aga9/ all mank9d1 b especially aga9/ all ,*ri/ians1 ( tak+ too ke5 an int]e/ 9 ! pres5t1 0 9 a l>ge measure at lea/ f\nd$ ^u a mi/ake2 to f9d1 9 fact1 t !re 0 "s dang] ( an excessive exagg]ation ( ! claims ( ! future1 :i* requir$ a corrective2 t ! ,*ri/ian _w1 ow+ to ! above p]nici\s doctr9e1 might possibly ev9ce too fa9t a reli% = ! pleasures or too dim9i%$ an e/imate = ! advantages ( ! pres5t life2 t1 _! treasure be+ 9 heav51 x 0 n impossible b _! he>t might be too mu* !re also1--!re1 p]haps1 :5 x 0 imp]atively dem&$ 9 ! c\nt+-h\se1 on ! hu/+s1 at ! m>t or ! !atre2 all ?is1 be+1 z ,i say1 s notori\sly contr>y to ord9>y op9ion & exp]i5ce1 seem$ to me s exquisitely ludicr\s t ,i c\ld h>dly help bur/+ into laught]1 especially z ,i imag9$ "o ( our new spiritual doctors asc5d+ ! pulpit "u ! new disp5sation1 to indulge 9 exhortations to a ke5] *ase1 ( ?is _w1 & ! ?+s ( ?is _w4 ,i f\nd aft]w>ds simil> ?\ghts 7 pass+ ?r\gh ,h>r+ton's m9d1 r5d]$ m :imsical by ! recollection t1 dur+ college life1 8 fri5d 7?\gh v f> f vici\s7 _h c]ta9ly nev] seem$ to take any defici5t int]e/ 9 ! affairs ( ?is _w1 nor to exhibit any pr$ilection = an ascetic life4 ,inde$1 he ackn[l$g$ t1 aft] all1 he c\ld n sympa?ize ) ,mr4 ,newman's extreme s5sitiv5ess 9 relation to ?is matt]4 7,see ,phases1 p4 #bje47 ,h>r+ton answ]$1 ) prop] gravity1 ,i am glad to f9d t any undue au/]ity ( "*--( :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i assure y1 ^u my honor1 ,i nev] suspect$ y--has receiv$ s invaluable a corrective4 ,/ill1 x is obvi\s to rem>k1 t1 if ! *ief effect ( ?is new /yle ( religion is to abate any excessive antipa?y :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t has fo/]$1 or 0 likely to fo/]1 to ! attractions ( ?is life1 x has1 ,i conceive1 an easy task4 ,i nev] rem>k$ 9 ,*ri/ians any sup]flu\s contempt ( ! pres5t _w or its pleasures2 any indication ( an extravagant admiration ( any sublim] objects ( pursuit4 ,9 tru?1 ! t5d5cies ( human nature1 z x appe>s to me1 are s /rong ! o!r way1 t ! /ronge/ language ( a hundr$ ,new ,te/am5ts w\ld be little he$$4 ,y\r corrective is some?+ l t ( a morali/ :o %\ld s]i\sly prove t man 0 to take c>e t 8 appetites & passions are duly indulg$1 ( :i* e?ical writ]s h1 alas6 condesc5d$ to say b little1 suppos+ t e body w\ld feel t !re 0 no ne$ ( solemn c\nsels on su* a subject4 ,x rem9ds "o ( ! ,*ri/mas s]mon m5tion$ 9 ! ',sket* ,book1' prea*$ by ! good little antiqu>ian :o elaborately prov$1 & pa!tically en=c$ on reluctant auditors1 ! duty ( a prop] devotion to ! fe/ivities ( ! season4 ,h[ev]1 e "o mu/ l ! complexion ( y\r !ology1 ?\gh its c\nsels on ?is subject d n seem to me ( urg5t necessity4 ,p]haps1 said ,fell[es1 ,i ought r to h said t ,*ri/ians inculcate1 !oretically1 a contempt ( ! pres5t life1 :ile1 practically1 !y ent] z ke5ly into its pleasures z ! 'worldl+1'--utt]+ ! la/ ^w ) an approa* to a sne]4 ,y may be sure1 said ,h>r+ton1 ,i %all leave ! ,*ri/ian to def5d himself2 b if ! case be z y n[ repres5t x1 y\r new religi\s sy/em seems to be sup]flu\s z a corrective ( any t5d5cies to ,*ri/ian asceticism1 & c d no?+ = u4 ,x appe>s t y\r ,re=mation 0 begun & end$ be=e y\r 'spiritual' ,lu!rs appe>$4 ,n s1 said ,fell[es1 = ! eag]ness ) :i* ! ,*ri/ian pursues ! _w1 :ile he condemns x1 is1 z ,mr4 ,greg has rec5tly insi/$1 gigantic hypocrisy'3 x is f\nd$ on a lie4 ,!y say ?is _w is n to be ! great object = :i* we are to live & 9 :i* we are to f9d our happ9ess2 we say x is3 !y say x is n our 'c\ntry' or our 'home'2 we say x is3 !y say t we are to live supremely = ! future1 & 9 x2 we say1 = & 9 ! pres5t2 t if !re be a future _w 7( :i* _m d\bt1 & ,i1 = "o1 h n be5 able to make up my m9d71 we are to hope to be happy !re1 b t ! ma9 bus9ess is to secure our happ9ess "h1--to embelli%1 adorn1 & enjoy ?is our only c]ta9 dwell+-place1--&1 9 fact1 to live supremely = ! pres5t4 ,su* is ! con/itution ( human nature4 ,i %all n be at ! tr\ble1 repli$ ,h>r+ton1 to def5d ! inconsi/5cies ( ! ,*ri/ian2 b y\r sy/em1 ,i fe>1 is ess5tially a brutal !ology1 &1 ,i am c]ta91 a false philosophy4 ,all ! analogies ( our nature cry out aga9/ x4 ,all1 ev5 ) reg>d to ! 'pres5t1' z y call ?is life1 man is p]petually liv+ = & 9 ! future4 ,?is 'pres5t' 7m9ute z x is7 is itself brok5 up into _m futures1 & x is ^! :i* man truly lives =1 :5 he is n a bea/2 & n = ! pass+ h\r4 ,x is n to-day1 x is always to-morr[1 on :i* 8 eye is fix$2 & 8 ev]-rep9+ nature p]petually confesses its impati5t want ( some?+ 7x kn[s n :at7 to come4 ,! *ild lives = 8 y\?1 & ! y\? is discont5t$ till he is a man2 e atta9m5t & e possession pails z soon z x is rea*$1 & we /ill sigh = some?+ t we h n4 ,x is simply 9 analogy ) all ?is t ! ,*ri/ian & e o!r religion says 7absurdly1 if y w1 b c]ta9ly ) a deep] k ( human nature ?an y71 t1 z e little pres5t has its little future = :i* we live1 s ! :ole pres5t ( ?is life has its great future1 :i* mu/1 all ! way ?r\gh1 be made ! supreme object ( =e?\ght & solicitude2 j z we %\ld despise any man :o1 = a mom5t's gratification to-day1 p]ill$ ! happ9ess ( ! :ole ( to-morr[4 ,if ,*ri/ians are inconsi/5t 9 ?is respect1 t is _! affair2 b ,i am sure _! !ory is m 9 accordance ) ! con/itution ( human nature ?an y\rs4 ,he might h add$1 t !re is no?+ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* =bids to ,*ri/ians any ( ! innoc5t pleasures ( ?is life3 ! ,*ri/ian may lawfully appropriate !m4 ,8 sy/em does n con/ra9 him to h]mit-l au/]ity or ,puritanic grimace4 ,he may enjoy !m1 j z a wise man1 :o w n sacrifice any ( ! int]e/s ( next ye> = a transi5t gratification ( ! pass+ h\r1 does n d5y himself any legitimate pleasure :i* is n inconsi/5t ) ! m mom5t\s int]e/4 ,! pilgrim dr9ks & re/s at ! f\nta9 ?\gh he does n dream ( sett+ up 8 t5t !re4 ,nay1 said ,fell[es1 b ?9k aga9 ( ! 'gigantic lie' ( mak+ ! future _w ! supreme object1 & yet liv+ :olly = ?is4 ,if t be ! case1 said ,i1 jo9+ 9 _! talk1 !re is no d\bt a 'gigantic lie' some:]e2 b ! "q is1 ,:o tells x8 ,x does n foll[ t x is ,*ri/ianity4 ,y may see e day m5 nay1 los+1 "s important advantages by loit]+ away ! v h\r :i* is to secure !m1--9 read+ a novel1 enjoy+ a social h\r1 ly+ 9 b$1 & :at n4 ,y d n conclude t ! man's e/imate ( ! future--8 philosophy ( t--is any ! m que/ionable = ?is folly8 ,! ru?less future comes & makes 8 he>t a*e2 & s may x be ) ,*ri/ianity = aught any su* consid]ations imply4 ,y\r argum5t only proves t1 if ,*ri/ianity be true1 man is an inconsi/5t fool2 &1 9 my judgm5t1 t 0 prov$ long be=e ,*ri/ianity 0 born or ?\ght (4 ,y\r !ology1 cri$ ,h>r+ton1 fairly c>ri$ out1 w\ld lead mo/ m5 to ! ',epicurean /y' :i*1 sceptic z ,i am1 ,i loa! ! ?\ght (2 x des]ves ! rebuke :i* ,johnson gave ! man :o plead$ = a 'natural & savage condition1' z he call$ x4 ',sir1' said ! ,doctor1 'x is a brutal doctr9e2 a bull might z well say1 ,i h ?is grass & ?is c[1--& :at c a creature want m8' ,no1 ,i am sure t ! ,*ri/ian or any o!r religioni/--inconsi/5t ?\gh he is--appeals 9 ?is po9t deep] analogies ( our nature ?an y4 ,b ! fact is1 said ,fell[es1 t ! ,*ri/ian depreciates ! innoc5t pleasures ( ?is life4 ,& my uncle w\ld say x is 8 own fault !n4 ,nay1 b he> me4 ,i conceive t no?+ c\ld be m natural1 z sev]al ( our writ]s h rem>k$1 ?an ! injunctions ( ! ,apo/les to ! primitive ,*ri/ians to despise ! _w1 & s =?1 "u ! impression ( t great mi/ake !y _h fall5 into1 t ! _w 0 ab\t to tumble to pieces1 &---- ,i am n sure1 said ,h>r+ton1 :o seem$ resolv$ to ev9ce a scepticism provok+ en\gh1 t !y did make ! mi/ake1 on y\r pr9ciples4 ,= ,i "k n1 nor y ei!r1 :e!r ! expressions on :i* y f\nd ! supposition be n among/ ! volum9\s additions ) :i* y are pleas$ to suppose _! simple & g5u9e 'utt]ances' h be5 corrupt$4 ,b1 leav+ y to discuss t po9t1 if y l1 ) my uncle "h1 ,i mu/ d5y t ! mi/ake1 suppos+ x "o1 makes any ?+ 9 relation to our pres5t discussion4 ,y say t ! ,apo/les did well & naturally to inculcate a light grasp on ! _w1 on ! supposition t x 0 ab\t to pass away2 & !re=e1 ,i suppose1 y 7"u a simil> impression7 w\ld d ! same2 if s1 ought y n /ill to d x8 = c x make any conceivable diff]5ce to ! wisdom or ! folly ( su* exhortations1 :e!r ! _w passes away f u1 or we pass away f ! _w8-- :e!r x 'tumbles to pieces1' z y express x1 or 7:i* is too c]ta97 we tumble to pieces8 ,i ?9k1 !re=e1 y\r same com=table !ology _c be ju/ifi$1 if y ju/ify ! conduct ( ! ,apo/les "u _! impression1 let x be ev] s errone\s4 ,y ought to feel ! same s5tim5ts2 y be+1 to all practical purposes1 "u a precisely simil> impression4 ,fell[es look$ z if he 7 a little vex$ at hav+ ?us hypo!tically ju/ifi$ ! conduct ( ! ,apo/les4 ,b he 0 n )\t 8 answ]1 adopt$ f ,mr4 ,newman4 ,yes1 said he1 practically1 no d\bt1 dea? is ! end ( ! _w to u2 b to urge ?is1--:at is x1 z ,mr4 ,newman says1 b abom9able selfi%ness prea*$ z religion'8 ,if we are to labor = po/]ity1 w n our "w rema91 ?\gh we die8 ,b if ! _w is to p]i% 9 fifty ye>s1 or a c5tury1 :at !n8 ,f> be x f me1 said ,h>r+ton1 to compete ) y\r spiritual philan?ropy1 :i*1 d\btless1 w n be cont5t to "w unless "u a lease ( a million ( ye>s4 ,i suppose ev5 if y ?\ght ! w\ld come to an end 9 a hundr$ ye>s1 7& really ,i h no pro( t ! ,apo/les ?\ght x w\ld end soon]1--!y spoke ( _! dea? z com+ fir/17 y w\ld n ?9k x wor? :ile to d any ?+2 ! welf>e ( y\r *ildr5 & gr&*ildr5 w\ld appe> f> too paltry = s ambiti\s a b5evol5ce z y\rs6 ,mo/ p--,*ri/ians1 sceptics1 or o!rwise--are cont5t$ to aim at ! welf>e ( 8 g5]ation & ! next1 & ?9k z little ( _! great-great-gr&*ildr5 z ( _! great-great-gr&fa!rs4 ,t little vi/a t]m9ates ! projects ( _! philan?ropy1 j z _! own dea? is to !m ! end ( ! _w4 ,meantime1 x appe>s1 y w\ld be tempt$ to neglect ! practical little y c\ld d1 because y c\ld n d m ?an = a c5tury or s6 ,pray1 :i* is really ! m b5evol5t8 ,moreov]1 z n "o man 9 a million c or does ?9k ( b5efit+ any b 8 imm$iate g5]ation1 y ought1 ^u y\r pr9ciples1 /ill to sit d[n inactive2 = !y = :om alone y c "w w soon pass away too4 ,b ! :ole argum5t is too ref9$4 ,no mortal-- except y or ,mr4 ,newman--w\ld be wr\ght ^u by x4 ,well1 b1 said ,fell[es1 z to ! mi/ake ( ! ,apo/les1 !re c be no d\bt ( t2 x really appe>s to me grossly dis+5u\s--look+ t[>ds me--to d5y x4 ,:at d y say1 ,mr4 ,b48 repeat+ 8 ass]tion t ! ,apo/les cle>ly ?\ght t ! end ( ! _w 0 close at h&1--9 fact1 t x w\ld happ5 9 _! g5]ation4 ,i told him ,i 0 afraid ,i mu/ run ! risk ( appe>+ 9 8 eyes grossly dis+5u\s2 n t ,i deem$ x necess>y to ma9ta9 t ! ,apo/les _h any idea ( ! p]iod ( "t :i* 0 to int]v5e betwe5 ! fir/ promulgation ( ! ,gospel & ! consummation ( all ?+s2 = :5 ,i f\nd our ,"l himself ackn[l$g+1 ,( t day & t h\r kn[e? no man1 n ev5 ! angels1 nor ev5 ! ,son1 b ! ,fa!r only1 ,i c\ld n wond] t ! ,apo/les 7 left to m]e conjectures on a subject :i* 0 !n veil$ ev5 f 8 humanity4 ,i said ,i ev5 ?\ght x probable t _! vivid feel+ anticipat$ ! day1--t ! int]val betwe51 s to speak1 0 =e%ort5$ to !m2 b t ,i c\ld n see h[ ! "q ( _! inspiration1 or ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 0 at all involv$ 9 _! ignorance on t po9t2 unless1 inde$1 x c\ld be prov$ t !y _h positively /at$ t ! pr$ict$ ev5t w\ld take place 9 _! own "t4 ,?is1 ,i ackn[l$g$1 ,i c\ld n f9d1--b mu* to ! contr>y2 t ! *>ge1 inde$1 _h be5 s (t5 repeat$ by ! infidel s*ool1 t !y _h p]suad$ !mselves ( x1 & spoke ( x z if x 7 a decid$ po9t2 b t z long z ! second ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,paul to ! ,!ssalonians rema9$1 9 :i* ! ,apo/le expressly correct$ misappreh5sions simil> to ^? :i* infidelity /ill pr(esses to f\nd on ! fir/ ,epi/le1 ,i %\ld cont9ue to d\bt :e!r ,paul did n "k 8 own m9d bett] ?an 8 mod]n comm5tators4 ,i told him t we d n he> t ! ,!ssalonians p]si/$ 9 believ+ t !y _h rightly int]pret$ ,paul's words aft] he _h himself dis[n$ ! mean+ !y _h put ^u !m2 t ?is 0 a degree ( assurance only possible to mod]n critics2 & t ,i 0 surpris$ t ,mr4 ,newman %\ld h quietly assum$ ! alleg$ mi/ake 9 8 ,phases ( ,fai?1 )\t ?9k+ x wor? :ile ev5 to /ate ! oppos+ argum5t f ! ,second ,epi/le4 ,i add$1 t ! repeat$ ref]5ces :i* bo? ,paul & ,pet] make to _! own dea?s1 z c]ta9 to take place be=e ! dissolution ( all ?+s1 suffici5tly prove t1 h[ev] _! view ( ! future might be contract$1 !y did n expect ! _w to end 9 _! day1 & ought to h sil5c$ ! p]v]se criticism on ! popul> expression1 ,!n we :i* are alive & rema91 c4 ,hav+ briefly /at$ my op9ion1 ,fell[es said he saw t he & ,i 7 z little likely to agree z ,h>r+ton & he4 ,h[ev]1 he cont9u$1 turn+ to 8 fri5d1 to g back to ! po9t f :i* we digress$4 ,my new fai?1 at all ev5ts1 makes me happy1 :i* x is pla9--too pla9--t y\r want ( all fai? does n make y4 ,:e!r x is y\r new fai?1 said ! o!r1 makes y happy1 --:e!r y 7 n z happy 9 y\r old fai?--:e!r !re are n ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ians :o are z happy ) _! fai? 7!y w\ld say mu* happi]1 & ,i %\ld say s too1 if !y n only say !y believe x1 b believe x & practise x471 ,i w n inquire2 t my want ( fai? does n make me happy is a sad tru?1 :i* ,i d n ?9k x wor? :ile to d5y2 ?\gh ,i mu/ confess t !re h be5 _m :o h %>$ 9 my scepticism :o h n %>$ 9 my mis]y4 ,x is j because !y h n realiz$ :at !y did n believe2 ev5 z !re are ?\s&s ( soi-disant ,*ri/ians :o d n realize :at !y say !y d believe2 nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r are ! happi] or ! m sorr[ful = _! pret5d$ t5ets4 ,?is is simply because !y /& 9 no ne$ ( ! admirable correctives suppli$ by y\r new !ology2 ! pres5t engrosses _! solicitudes & affections2 & ! m]e talk ( ! belief or ! no-belief suffices to hu% & tranquillize ! he>t 9 relation to ^? mo/ mom5t\s subjects1 on :i* if man has n ?\ght at all1 he is a fool inde$4 ,9 ei!r case ! 'future' & ! 'et]nal' seem s f> remov$ t !y seem to be an 'et]nal futurity4' ,su* p>ties look at t di/ant future mu* z *ildr5 at ! />s2 x is a po9t1 an invisible speck1 9 ! firmam5t4 ,a sixp5ce held ne> ! eye appe>s l>g]2 & br\ght suffici5tly close %uts out ! univ]se altoge!r4 ,b let u also =get ! future1 & h a little talk ( ! pa/4 ,!y resum$ _! conv]sation on subjects indiff]5t z f> z ?is j\rnal is conc]n$1 & ,i bade !m good night4 --- ,july #e4 ,we 7 sitt+ 9 ! libr>y aft] breakfa/4 ,! two college fri5ds soon fell into *at1 :ile ,i sat writ+ at my sep>ate table1 b ready to resume my capacity ( report]1 %\ld any polemical discussion take place4 ,i soon _h pl5ty ( employm5t4 ,aft] ab\t an h\r ,i he>d ,h>r+ton say3-- ,b ,i %all be happy1 ,i assure y1 to fill ! void :5ev] y w give me some?+ solid :]e) to fill x4 ,x 0 impossible t ev5 a believ] 9 ! doctr9e t no cre$ c be taught1 & t an ext]nal revelation is an impossibility1 c\ld be ins5sible to ! *>m ( mak+ a proselyte4 ,:at is x1 said ,fell[es1 t y want8 ,:at d ,i want8 ,i want c]ta9ty1 or quasi-c]ta9ty1 on ^? po9ts on :i* if a man is cont5t to rema9 unc]ta91 he is a fool or a brute2 po9ts respect+ :i* x is no m possible = a g5u9e sceptic--= ,i speak n ( ! ?\ghtless lov] p>adox1 or ! que] dogmati/ :o resolves t no?+ is true--to /ill ! s\l1 ?an nak$ness c r5d] u ins5sible to cold2 or hung] cure its own pangs by say+1 ',g to1 n[2 ,i h no?+ to eat4' ,! g5]ality ( mank9d are ins5sible to ^! que/ions only because !y imag9e1 ev5 ?\gh x may be falsely1 t !y possess c]ta9ty4 ,!y are problems :i*1 :5ev] !re is elevation ( m9d en\gh to appreciate _! importance1 engage ! real d\bt] 9 a life-long conflict2 & to attempt to appease re/lessness ( su* a m9d by ! old prescriptions1--! old quacki% ,epicurean no/rum ( ',c>pe diem1'--',let u eat1 dr9k1 & be m]ry1 = to-morr[ die1'--',we d n "k :at ! morr[ may br+--is l attempt+ to call back ! s\l f a moral syncope by apply+ to ! no/rils a drop ( eau de ,cologne4 ',enjoy to-day1 we d n "k :at ! morr[ w br+6' ,:y1 t is ! v ?\ght :i* poisons to-day4 ,no1 a s\l ( any wor? _c b feel an int5se wi% = ! solution ( its d\bts1 ev5 :ile x d\bts :e!r !y c be solv$4 ',c>pe diem' c]ta9ly w\ld n be my sole prescription1 said ,fell[es2 y h n told me yet :at y want4 ,no1 b ,i w4 ,! que/ions on :i* ,i want c]ta9ty are inde$ que/ions ab\t :i* philosoph]s w (t5 argue j to display _! vanity1 z human vanity w argue ab\t any ?+2 b !y are no soon] felt 9 _! true gr&eur1 ?an !y absorb ! s\l4 ,/ill1 :at is x y want8 ,i want to "k---:5ce ,i came2 :i!r ,i am go+4 ,:e!r !re be1 9 tru?1 z s _m say !re is1 a ,god1--a trem5d\s p]sonality1 to ^: inf9ite faculties ! 'great' & ! 'little' 7z we call !m7 equally vani%1--^: univ]sal pres5ce fills all space1 9 any po9t ( :i* he exi/s entire 9 ! amplitude ( all 8 inf9ite attributes1--^: univ]sal gov]nm5t ext5ds ev5 to me1 & my fell[-atoms1 call$ m51--)9 ^: %elt]+ embrace ev5 ,i am n too mean = protection2--:e!r1 if !re be su* a be+1 he is truly inf9ite2 or :e!r ?is va/ ma*9e ( ! univ]se may n h develop$ t5d5cies or involv$ consequ5ces :i* elud$ 8 =e?\ght1 & are n[ beyond ev5 8 control2 --:e!r1 = ?is reason1 or = "s o!r necessity1 su* inf9ite sorr[s h be5 p]mitt$ to invade x2--:e!r1 above all1 ,he be propiti\s or (f5d$ ) a _w 9 :i* ,i feel too surely1 9 ! pr(\nd & v>i\s mis]y ( man1 t 8 aspects are n all b5ignant2--h[1 if he be (f5d$1 he is to be reconcil$2--:e!r he is at all accessible1 or "o to :om ! pleasures & ! suff]+s ( ! poor *ild ( du/ are equally subjects ( horrible indiff]5ce2--:e!r1 if su* ,omnipot5t ,be+ creat$ ! _w1 he has n[ ab&on$ x to be ! sport ( *ance1 & ,i am ?us an orphan 9 ! univ]se2--:e!r ?is 'univ]sal frame' be inde$ )\t a m9d1 & we are1 9 fact1 ! only =ms ( consci\s exi/5ce2 --:e!r1 z ! ,pan!i/ decl>es1 ! univ]se itself be ,god1-- ev] mak+1 nev] made1--! product ( an evolution ( an inf9ite s]ies ( 'antec$5ts' & 'consequ5ts'2 a ,god ( :i*--= ,i _c say ( :om--y & ,i are bits2 p]i%able fragm5ts ( a ,div9ity1 itself imp]i%able only because !re w always be bits ( x to p]i%2--:e!r1 ev5 ^u "s su* supposition1 ?is consci\s exi/5ce ( ours is to be r5ew$2 &1 if "u :at conditions2 or :e!r1 :5 we h f9i%$ our little day1 no o!r dawn is to break ^u our night2--:e!r ! vale1 vale 9 et]num vale1 is really ! prop] utt]ance ( a break+ he>t z x closes ! sepul*re on ! object ( its love4 ,8 voice falt]$2 & ,i 0 confirm$ 9 my suspicions1 t "s deep1 secret sorr[ _h _h to d ) 8 morbid /ate ( m9d4 ,9 a mom5t1 he resum$3-- ,^! are ! que/ions1 & o!rs l ! !m1 :i* ,i h va9ly toil$ to solve4 ,i1 l y1 h be5 rudely driv5 out ( my old beliefs2 my e>ly ,*ri/ian fai? has giv5 way to d\bt2 ! little hut on ! m\nta9-side1 9 :i* ,i ?\ght to dwell 9 pa/oral simplicity1 has be5 scatt]$ to ! tempe/1 & ,i am turn$ out to ! bla/ )\t a %elt]4 ,i h w&]$ long & f>1 b h n f\nd t re/ :i* y tell me is to be obta9$4 ,z ,i exam9e all o!r !ories1 !y seem1 to me1 press$ by at lea/ equal difficulties ) t ,i h ab&on$4 ,i _c make myself cont5t$1 z o!rs d1 ) believ+ no?+1 & yet ,i h no?+ to believe2 ,i h wre/l$ long & h>d ) my ,titan foes1--b n successfully4 ,i h turn$ to e qu>t] ( ! univ]se 9 va92 ,i h int]rogat$ my own s\l1 b x answ]s n2 ,i h gaz$ ^u nature1 b its _m voices speak no articulate language to me2 &1 m especially1 :5 ,i gaze ^u ! bright page ( ! midnight heav5s1 ^? orbs gleam ^u me ) s cold a light1 & amid/ s port5t\s a sil5ce1 t ,i am1 ) ,pascal1 t]rifi$ at ! spectacle ( ! inf9ite solitudes1--'de ces espaces inf9is4' ,i decl>e to y t ,i "k no?+ 9 nature s beautiful or s t]rible z ^? mute oracles4 ,!y are inde$ mute1 said ,fell[es2 b n s t /ill voice :i* :isp]s its oracles )94 ,y h b to look inw>ds1 & y may see1 by ! direct gaze ( '! spiritual faculty1' bright & cle>1 ^? great 'intuitions' ( spiritual tru? :i* ! gauds & spl5dors ( ! ext]nal univ]se c no m illu/rate ?an c ! illum9at$ *>act]s ( an old missal2--j z little c any book tea* ^! tru?s4 ,y h truly said1 ! />s w %$ no light ^u !m2 !y1 on ! contr>y1 mu/ illum9e ! />s2 ,i mean1 !y mu/ !mselves be se5 be=e ! outw>d univ]se c assume intelligible mean+2 mu/ utt] _! voices be=e any ( ! ph5om5a ( ! ext]nal _w c h any real significance6 ,h[ diff]5t1 said ,h>r+ton1 are ! exp]i5ces ( mank9d6 ,y well describ$ ^? int]nal oracles1 if !re are inde$ su*1 z :isp]+ _! responses2 if !y utt] !m at all1 x is to me 9 a :isp] s l[ t ,i _c di/9ctly cat* !m4 ,/range p>adoxes6 ! s\l speaks1 & ! s\l li/5s1 & ! s\l _c tell :at ! s\l says4 ,t is1 ! s\l speaks to itself1 & says1 ',:at h ,i said8' ,i assure y t ! e> ( my s\l 7if ,i may s speak7 has (t5 a*$ ) int5se ef=t to li/5 to :at ! tongue ( ! s\l mutt]s1 & yet ,i _c cat* x4 ,y tell me ,i h only to look d[n into ! dep?s )94 ,well1 ,i h4 ,i assure y t ,i h endeav\r$ to d s1 z f> z ,i "k1 hone/ly2 &1 s f> f see+ cle> & bright ^? spl5dors :i* y speak (1 ,i c only see z 9 ! dep?s ( a cav]n occasional gleams ( a tremul\s flick]+ light1 :i* di/9ctly %[s me no?+1 & :i*1 ,i half suspect1 comes f )\t into ^! recesses3 or ,i feel z if gaz+ d[n an abyss1 ! bottom ( :i* is fill$ ) wat]2 ! light--& t1 too1 = aught ,i "k1 reflect$ f )\t--only ?r[s a transi5t glimpse ( my own image on ! surface ( ! d>k wat]2 t image itself brok5 & r5ew$ z ! wat] boils up f its hidd5 f\nta94 ,or1 if ,i may recur to y\r own metaphor1 in/ead ( he>+ 9 ^? deep cav]ns ! cle> oracles ( :i* y boa/1 ,i c di/+ui% no?+ b a sc>cely audible murmur2 ,i "k n :e!r x be any ?+ m ?an ! l+]+ e*oes ( :at ,i he>d 9 my *ildhood3 or1 r1 my s\l speaks to me on all ^! mom5t\s subjects mu* z "o 9 sleep (t5 does2 ! lips move1 b no s\nd issues f !m4 ,i retire f ^! attempts1 z ^? ( old f ! cave ( ,trophonius1 pale1 t]rifi$1 & deject$4 ,9 %ort1 he cont9u$1 ,i feel mu* z ,desc>tes says he did :5 he _h d5ud$ himself ( all 8 traditional op9ions1--a condition s graphically describ$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! second ( 8 ,m$itations4 ,!re is ?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 & 9 8 favor3 t he impos$ ^u himself only a self-inflict$ d\bt1 :i* he c\ld t]m9ate at any "t4 ,8 op9ions _h be5 b tempor>ily laid aside4 ,!y 7 on ! %elf1 close at h&1 ready to be tak5 d[n aga9 :5 want$4 ,b en\gh ( ?is4 ,y w1 ,i "k1 aid me1 if y c4 ,&1 n[ ,i ?9k ( x1 d s on "o po9t1 by ju/ify+ y\r ass]tion1 made ! o!r ev5+1 z to ,mr4 ,newman's dilemma ( ! 'impossibility ( a book-revelation4' ,i said1 ,i ?9k1 t ,mr4 ,newman has satisfactorily prov$ to me t a book-revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? is impossible2 t ,god reveals himself to u )91 & n f )\t4 ,z to :at is impossible1 said ! o!r1 ,i fancy x w\ld be difficult to get "o ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( 8 ignorance & feebl5ess to be o!r ?an v cauti\s h[ he us$ ! ^w4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,newman may be m readily excus$ ?an mo/ m5 = ! /r5g? ) :i* he pron\nces 8 op9ions2 =1 z he has pass$ ?r\gh an inf9ity ( exp]i5ces1 x may h giv5 him 'insight' into _m absurdities :i*1 to ! g5]ality ( mank9d1 d n appe> su*4 ,i ?9k if ,i _h believ$ half s _m ?+s1 ,i %\ld h lo/ all confid5ce 9 myself4 ,:at a /rong m9d1 or :at buoyant fai?1 he mu/ h6 ,bo?1--bo?1 said ,fell[es4 ,well1 be x s4 ,b let u1 z y promis$ ye/]day1 exam9e ?is v po9t4 ,?is l$ on to a dialogue 9 :i* x 0 di/9ctly prov$ t ,,t ,,may ,,be ,,possible ,,) ,,man1 ,,:i* ,,is ,,impossible ,,) ,,god4 ,mr4 ,newman affirms1 y say1 said ,h>r+ton1 t 9 8 judgm5t e book-'revelation' is an absurdity & a contradiction2 or1 9 ! words quot$ by y1 'impossible4' ,yes1--( 'moral & spiritual tru?4' ,& ( any o!r tru?--z ( hi/orical tru?--y say su* revelation is unnecess>y8 ,yes4 ,moreov]1 z y & ,mr4 ,newman affirm1 ! bulk ( mank9d are n compet5t to inve/igate ! claims ( su* an hi/oric revelation8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,&1 !re=e1 x is impossible 9 fact1 if n p] se1 unless ,god is to be suppos$ do+ some?+ bo? unnecess>y & futile4 ,i ?9k s1 ( c\rse1 said ,fell[es4 ,s t all book-revelation is impossible4 ,i affirm x4 ,v well1--,i d n dispute x4 ,!re /ill rema9 "o or two difficulties on :i* ,i %\ld l to h y\r judgm5t t[>ds =m+ an op9ion3 & !y are on ! v ?re%old ( ! subject4 ,&1 fir/1 ,i suppose y d n mean to re/rict y\r t]m ( a 'book-revelation' to t only :i* is lit]ally consign$ to a book 9 our mod]n s5se4 ,y mean an ext]nal revelation8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,if1 = example1 y c\ld recov] a g5u9e manuscript ( ,isaiah or ,paul1 y w\ld n ?9k x entitl$ to any m respect1 z au?ority1 ?an a mod]n translation 9 a pr9t$ book1--?\gh x might be free f "s errors8 ,i %\ld n4 ,y w\ld n all[ t p>*m5t1 h[ev] anci5t1 has any advantage 9 ?is respect ov] pap]1 h[ev] mod]n8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,nor ,hebrew or ,greek ov] ,engli% or ,g]man8 ,no4 ,all su* matt]s are 9 v de$ b 'lea!r & prunella'8 ,no?+ m4 ,& = a simil> reason1 surely1 y w\ld reject at once ! oral tea*+ ( any su* man z ,paul or ,mat!w1 or any body else1 if he pr(ess$ t :at he said 0 dictat$ by div9e inspiration1 concurr5tly or n ) ! use ( 8 own faculties8 ,y w\ld repudiate at once 8 claims1 h[ev] au!nticat$1 to be y\r infallible guide2 to tell y :at y are to believe1 & h[ y are to act8 ,= surely y w n pret5d t !re is any diff]5ce betwe5 /atem5ts :i* are m]ely express$ by ! liv+ voice1 & ^? same /atem5ts z consign$ to a book2 except t1 if any diff]5ce be suppos$ at all1 "o w\ld1 = "s reasons1 r h _! 9 ! la/ %ape ?an 9 ! fir/4 ,( c\rse !re is no diff]5ce3 to object to a book-revelation & grant a 'lip-revelation' f ,god1 or to d5y t lip-revelation 7:5 x is made p]man5t & diffusible7 ! au?ority x _h :5 fir/ giv51 w\ld be a *ildi% hatr$ ( a book inde$1 answ]$ ,fell[es4 ,i p]fectly agree ) y1 repli$ ,h>r+ton4 ,i und]/& y1 !n1 to d5y t any revelation pr(ess$ly giv5 to y or to me does1 or ev] c1 come to u ?r\gh any ext]nal *annel1 pr9t$ or on p>*m5t1 anci5t or mod]n1 by ! liv+ voice or 9 a writt5 "*2 & t ?is is a prop] translation1 9 a g5]aliz$ =m1 ( ! phrase 'a book-revelation'8 ,i admit x4 ,= surely1 z already said1 x w\ld be truly ridicul\s to all[ t ,paul1 if we c\ld b he> 8 liv+ voice1 0 to be li/5$ to ) implicit rev]5ce z an au?oriz$ tea*] ( div9e tru?2 b t 8 delib]ate utt]ances1 record$ 9 a p]man5t =m1 7 to be reg>d$ n m]ely z less au?oritative1 b ( no au?ority at all4 ,s t if y saw ,pet] or ,paul to-morr[1 y w\ld tell him ! same /ory8 ,( c\rse ,i %\ld1 repli$ ,mr4 ,fell[es4 ,& y w\ld ( c\rse also reject any su* revelation1 com+ f any ext]nal s\rce1 ev5 ?\gh ! p>ty proclaim+ x confirm$ x by miracles8 ,= ,i _c see h[1 if x be true t an ext]nal revelation is impossible1 & t ,god always reveals himself ')9 u' & nev] 'out ( u1' 7:i* is ! pr9ciple affirm$17--,i say ,i _c see h[ miracles c make any diff]5ce 9 ! case4 ,no1 c]ta9ly n4 ,b surely y =get t miracles are impossible on my notion3 =1 z ,mr4 ,newman says--- ,:atev] he says1 ,i suppose y w n d5y t !y are conceivable2 & t is all ,i am ?9k+ ( at pres5t4 ,_! impossibility or possibility ,i w n dispute ) y j n[4 ,i am dispos$ to ) y2 only1 z usual1 ,i h "s d\bts1 :i* ,i wi% y w\ld endeavor to solve2 b ( t ano!r "t4 ,meantime1 my good fri5d1 be s oblig+ z to give me an answ] to my "q1--:e!r y w\ld deem x to be y\r duty to reject any su* claims to au?oritative tea*+1 ev5 if back$ by ! p]=mance ( miracles8 =1 admitt+ miracles nev] to h occurr$1 & ev5 t !y nev] w1 y1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld hesitate to affirm t y cle>ly p]ceive t ! v notion involves a contradiction4 ,!y are1 at lea/1 imag9able1 & t is suffici5t to supply y ) an answ] to my "q4 ,i once m ask y1 !re=e1 :e!r1 if su* a tea*] ( a book-revelation1 9 ! compreh5sive s5se ( ^! words already def9$1 7 to au!nticate 7z he affirm$7 8 claims to rev]5ce by any numb]1 v>iety1 or spl5dor ( miracles1--und\bt$ miracles1--y w\ld any ! m feel b\nd to believe him8 ,:at6 ^u ! supposition t !re 0 any ?+ morally objectionable 9 8 doctr9e8 ,i w release y on t score too4 said ,h>r+ton1 9 a mo/ accommodat+ mann]4 ,morally1 ,i w assume !re is no?+ 9 8 doctr9e b :at y approve2 & z = ! re/1--to confirm :i* ,i w suppose ! revelation giv51--,i w assume no?+ 9 x :i* y c\ld demon/rate to be false or contradictory2 9 fact1 no?+ m difficult to be believ$ ?an _m und5iable ph5om5a ( ! ext]nal univ]se1--matt]s1 = example1 :i* y ackn[l$ge y d n compreh5d1 b :i* may possibly be true = aught y c tell to ! contr>y4 ,b if ! suppos$ revelation conta9 no?+ b :at1 appeal+ ?us to my judgm5t1 ,i c approve1 :]e is ! necessity ( a revelation at all8 ,did ,i say1 my fri5d1 t x 0 to conta9 no?+ b :at is ref]r$ to y\r judgm5t8 no?+ b :at y w\ld "k & approve j z well )\t x8 or ev5 did ,i conc$e t y c\ld h kn[n & approv$ )\t x t :i*1 :5 x is propos$1 y d approve8 ,i simply wi% an answ] to ! "q1 :e!r1 if a tea*] ( an e?ical sy/em su* z y entirely approv$1 ) "s doctr9es atta*$1 incompreh5sible x may be1 b n demon/ratively false or immoral1 7 to sub/antiate 7z he affirm$7 8 claims to y\r belief by ! p]=mance ( miracles1 y w\ld or w\ld n feel con/ra9$ any ! m to believe him8 ,b ,i d n see ! use ( discuss+ a "q "u circum/ances :i* x is admitt$ nev] did nor ev] c occur8 ,y 'fight h>d1' z ,socrates says to "o ( 8 antagoni/s on a simil> occasion2 b ,i really mu/ reque/ an answ] to ! "q4 ,! case is an imag9able "o2 & y may surely say h[1 ^u ! pr9ciples y h laid d[n1 y ?9k ^? pr9ciples w\ld compel y to act 9 ! hypo!tical case4 ,well1 !n1 if ,i mu/ give all answ]1 ,i %\ld say t ^u ! pr9ciples on :i* ,mr4 ,newman has argu$ ! "q1--t all revelation1 except :i* is int]nal1 is impossible1--,i %\ld n believe ! suppos$ envoy's claims4 ,:atev] ! numb] or ! spl5dor ( 8 miracles8 ,c]ta9ly1 said ,fell[es1 ) "s hesitation h[ev]1 & speak+ sl[ly4 ,= t does n affect ! pr9ciples we are agre$ ^u8 ,no1--n seem+1 h[ev]1 p]fectly satisfi$4 ,v well1 resum$ ,h>r+ton1 t is :at ,i call a pla9 answ] to a pla9 "q4 ,i fancy 7wav]] t ,i am67 t ,i %\ld believe ! man's claims4 ,i %\ld be ev5 greatly tempt$ to ?9k t ^? ?+s :i* ,i c\ld n entirely see ought to be conta9$ 9 ! said revelation1 7 to be believ$4 ,b all t is d\btless only because ,i am mu* weak] 9 m9d & w ?an ei!r ,mr4 ,newman or y\rself4 ,y mu/ p>don me2 x w 9 no degree practically affect ! "q1 except on ! supposition t ! same infirmity is also a *>act]i/ic ( man 9 g5]al2 t n ,i1 f my weakness1 am an exception to rule2 b y1 9 y\r /r5g?4 ,b to dismiss t4 ,y h agre$ t a book-revelation is impossible1 & n to be believ$1 ev5 if av\*$ by miracles4 ,h m5 9 g5]al be5 dispos$ to believe a book-revelation impossible8 = if n1 ,i am afraid !y w\ld be v liable to run into error1 if !y %>e 9 my weaknesses4 ,liable to run into error6 said ,fell[es4 ,man has be5 p]petually runn+ into ?is v error1 always & ev]y:]e4 ,if x be true1 z y say1 t man has always & ev]y:]e manife/$ a rem>kable facility ( fall+ into ?is error1 _m w be tempt$ to ?9k t ! ?+ is n s pla9ly impossible4 ,x seems s /range t m5 9 g5]al %\ld believe ?+s to be possible :5 !y are impossible4 ,h[ev]1 y admit x z a too c]ta9 fact4 ,i d1 = ,i c n hone/ly d5y x2 b x has be5 because !y h conf\nd$ :at is hi/orical or intellectual ) moral & spiritual tru?4 ,i am afraid t w n excuse _! absurdity1 because1 z y admit1 all book-revelation is impossible4--,b fur!r1 suppos+ m5 to h made ?is /range blund]1 x only %[s t ! 'moral & spiritual' c\ld n be v cle>ly reveal$ )92 & no wond] m5 began to ?9k t p]haps x might come to !m f )\t6 ,:5 m5 beg9 to mi/ake blue = r$1 & squ>e = r\nd1 & *aff = :eat1 ,i ?9k x is high "t t !y repair to a doctor outside !m to tell !m :at is ! matt] ) _! poor bra9s4 ,meantime an ext]nal revelation is impossible8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,b m51 h[ev]1 h someh[ p]v]sely believ$ x v possible1 & t1 9 "s %ape or o!r1 x has be5 giv58 ,!y h1 ,i mu/ admit4 ,unhappy race6 ?us l$ on by "s fatality1 ?\gh n by ! con/itution ( _! nature 7r by "s inevitable p]v]sion ( x71 to believe z possible t :i* is s pla9ly impossible4 ,o t x did n involve a contradiction to wi% t ,god w\ld relieve !m f su* univ]sal & p]nici\s delusions1 by giv+ !m a book-revelation to %[ !m t all book-revelations are impossible6 ,t1 said ,fell[es1 laugh+1 w\ld inde$ be a novelty4 ,miracles w\ld h>dly prove t4 ,i ?9k n1 said ,h>r+ton4 ,b1 z ! poet says1 '"s god or fri5dly man' may %[ ! way4 ,pray1 p]mit me to ask1 did y always believe t a book-revelation 0 impossible8 ,h[ c y ask ! "q8--y "k t ,i 0 br\ght up1 l y\rself1 9 ! reception ( ! ,bible z ! only & infallible revelation ( ,god to mank9d4 ,to :at d y owe y\r emancipation f ?is griev\s & univ]sal error1 :i* /ill infects1 9 ?is or "s o!r %ape1 ! myriads ( ! human race8 ,i ?9k pr9cipally to ! "w ( ,mr4 ,newman on ! ',s\l1' & 8 ',phases ( ,fai?4' ,^! h be5 to y1 !n1 at lea/1 a book-revelation t a 'div9e book-revelation is impossible'2 a tru? :i* ,i ackn[l$ge y c\ld n h receiv$ by div9e book-revelation1 )\t a contradiction4 ,y ought1 inde$1 to ?9k v highly ( ,mr4 ,newman4 ,x is well1 :5 ,god _c d a ?is t man c2 ?\gh ,i confess1 consid]+ ! wide preval5ce ( ?is p]nici\s error1 x w\ld h be5 bett]1 _h x be5 possible1 t man %\ld h _h a div9e book-revelation to tell him t a div9e book-revelation 0 impossible4 ,great z is my admiration ( ,mr4 ,newman1 ,i %\ld1 myself1 h pref]r$ hav+ ,god's ^w = x4 ,h[ev]1 let u lay x d[n z an axiom t a human book-revelation1 %[+ y t 'a div9e book-revelation is impossible1' is n impossible2 & really1 consid]+ ! almo/ univ]sal error ( man on ?is subject1--n[ happily explod$1--! book-revelation :i* conv9ces man ( ?is great tru? ought to be rev]5c$ z ( ! highe/ value2 x is su* t x might n appe> unwor?y ( cele/ial orig91 if x did n imply a contradiction t ,god %\ld reveal to u 9 a book t a revelation 9 a book is impossible4 ,fell[es look$ v grave1 b said no?+4 ,b yet1 cont9u$ ,h>r+ton1 v s]i\sly1 ,i "k n :e!r ,i ought n1 ^u y\r pr9ciples1 to consid] ?is book-revelation ) :i* y h be5 favor$1 ab\t ! impossibility ( su* a ?+1 z itself a div9e revelation2 9 :i* case ,i am afraid we %all be con/ra9$ to admit1 9 =m1 t contradiction :i* we h be5 s anxi\s to avoid1 by mak+ 'possible ) man :at is impossible ) ,god4' ,i "k n :at y mean1 said ,fell[es1 r (f5d$4 ,:y1 said ,h>r+ton1 q unmov$1 ,i h he>d y say y d n d5y1 9 "s s5se1 inspiration1 b only t inspiration is pret]natural2 t e 'holy ?\ght1' e 'l(ty & sublime conception1' all 'tru? & excell5ce1' 9 any man1 come f ! ',fa!r ( lights1' & are to be ascrib$ to him2 t1 z ,mr4 ,p>k] & ,mr4 ,foxton affirm on ?is po9t1 ! inspiration ( ,paul or ,milton1 or ev5 ( ,*ri/ & ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 is ( ! same nature1 & 9 an intelligible s5se f ! same s\rce1--diff]+ only 9 degree4 ,c y deem less1 !n1 ( t great conception by :i* ,mr4 ,newman has releas$ y1 & possibly _m m1 f t bondage to a 'book-revelation' 9 :i* y 7 br\ght up1 & 9 :i*1 by y\r own confession1 y might h be5 /ill en?rall$8 ,c y ?9k less ( ?is ?an t x is an 'inspir$' voice :i* has proclaim$ 'lib]ty to ! captive1' & made kn[n to y 'spiritual fre$om'8 ,if any ?+ be div9e ab\t ,mr4 ,newman's sy/em1 surely x mu/ be ?is4 ,ought y n to ?ank ,god t he has be5 ?us pleas$ to 'op5 y\r eyes1' & to turn y f 'd>kness to light1'--to raise up 9 ^! la/ days su* an apo/le ( ! tru? :i* _h la9 s long 'hidd5 f ages & g5]ations'8 ,c y d less ?an admire ! div9e artifice by :5 x 0 impossible = ,god directly to tell man t he c\ld directly tell him no?+1 ,he rais$ up 8 s]vant ,newman to p]=m ! (fice8 ,= my "p1 said ,fell[es1 ,i am n a%am$ to say1 t ,i ?9k ,i ought to ?ank ,god = su* a boon z ,mr4 ,newman has1 9 ?is in/ance at lea/1 be5 ! in/rum5t ( convey+ to me3 ,i ackn[l$ge x mo/ mom5t\s tru?1 )\t :i* ,i %\ld /ill h be5 9 ?raldom to ! 'lett]4' ,v well2 !n ! book-revelation ( ,mr4 ,newman is1 z ,i say1 9 "s sort to y1 p]haps to a div9e 'book-revelation4' ,well1 9 "s s5se1 x is s4 ,s t n[ we h1 9 "s s5se1 a div9e book-revelation to prove t a div9e book-revelation is impossible4 ,y are pleas$ to je/ on ! subject1 said ,fell[es4 ,i nev] 0 m s]i\s 9 my life4 ,h[ev]1 ,i w n press ?is po9t any fur!r4 ,y %all be p]mitt$ to say 7:at ,i w n contradict7 t1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,newman may be inspir$1 = aught ,i "k1 9 t modifi$ s5se 9 :i* y believe 9 any ph5om5on1--inspir$ z mu* 7say7 z ! inv5tor ( ,lucif] mat*es1--yet t 8 book is n div9e1--t x is purely human2 & ev51 if y please1 t ,god has _h no?+ to d ) x4 ,b ev5 !n ,i mu/ be all[$ to repeat1 t at lea/ y h d]iv$ f a 'book-revelation' :at x w\ld n h be5 a unwor?y ( a div9e book-revelation to imp>t1 if x c\ld h be5 imp>t$ )\t contradiction4 ,su* book-revelation1 9 ?is case1 mu/ be ( ine/imable value to man1 because1 )\t x1 he mu/ h p]si/$ 9 t anci5t & all b invet]ate & univ]sal delusion ( :i* we h s (t5 spok54 ,!re is only "o little inconv5i5ce1 ,i appreh5d1 f x 9 relation to ! argum5t ( su* a book2 & t is1 t ,i am afraid t m51 s f> f be+ conv9c$ !reby t a div9e revelation is impossible1 w r argue ! contr>y way1 & say1 ',if ,mr4 ,newman c d s mu*1 :at might n ,god d by ! v same me?od8' ,if he c ?us break ! spiritual yoke ( 8 fell[-m5 by only tea*+ !m negative tru?1 surely x may be possible = ,god to be z useful 9 tea*+ positive tru?4 ,i almo/ tremble1 ,i assure y1 le/1 by 8 mo/ conspicu\s success 9 imp>t+ to y su* important tru?1 & reclaim+ y f su* a fundam5tal error1 :i* lay at ! v ?re%old ( y\r 'spiritual' progress1 he may1 s f> f conv9c+ mank9d ( ! tru? ( 8 pr9ciple1 lead !m r to believe t a 'book-revelation' may h be5 v possible1 & ( s+ul> advantage4 ,b1 to speak ! tru?1 ,i am by no means sure t ,mr4 ,newman has n done some?+ m ?an :at we h attribut$ to him1 & :e!r 8 book-revelation be n a true div9e revelation to y also4 ,fell[es look$ r curi\s1 & ,i ?\ght a little angry4 ,my good fri5d1 said ,h>r+ton1 ,i am sure y w n refuse me e satisfaction y c1 9 my pres5t /ate ( d\bt & p]plexity2 t y w r5d] me 7z inde$ y h promis$7 all ! assi/ance 9 y\r p[]1 by k9dly tell+ me :at y "k ( y\r own religi\s developm5t & hi/ory4 ,i _c suffici5tly admire y\r c&or & frankness hi!rto4 ,y may dep5d ^u x1 said ,fell[es1 ,i w n hesitate to answ] any que/ions y *oose to put4 ,i am n a%am$ ( ! sy/em ,i h adopt$1--or r select$1 = ,i d n agree ) any "o writ]--al?\gh ,i confess ,i wi% ,i 7 a bett] advocate ( x4 ,o1 re/ assur$ t 'spiritualism' c lose no?+ by y\r advocacy4 ,z to y\r indep5d5ce ( m9d1 y act1 ,i am sure1 ^u ! maxim 9 v]ba nullius jur>e4 ,y\r sy/em seems to me q a spices ( eclecticism4 ,!re is no fe> ( my conf\nd+ y ) ! good old lady :o1 aft] hav+ he>d ! s]mon ( "s favorite div9e1 0 ask$ if %e und]/ood him4 ',und]/& him6' said %e2 'd y ?9k ,i w\ld presume8--bless$ man6 ,nor ) ! ,scot*woman :o requir$1 z a condition ( h] admiration1 t a s]mon %\ld conta9 "s ?+s at lea/ :i* transc5d$ h] compreh5sion4 ',eh4 x is a' v>a weel1' said %e1 on he>+ "o :i* did n fulfil ?is reasonable condition2 'b d ye call t f9e prea*+8--!re 0 na ae ^w t ,i c\ld na expla9 mysel4' ,fell[es smil$ good-natur$ly1 & !n said1 ,i 0 go+ to obs]ve1 9 relation to ! pres5t subject1 t x is 'moral & spiritual' tru? :i* ,mr4 ,newman says x is impossible %\ld be ! subject ( a book-revelation4 ,h>r+ton1 app>5tly )\t li/5+ to him1 sudd5ly said1 ,by ! by1 y agree ) ,mr4 ,newman1 ,i am sure1 t ,god is to be approa*$ by ! individual s\l )\t any ( ! nons5se ( m$iation1 :i* has f\nd s g5]al--all b univ]sal--sanction 9 ! religi\s sy/ems ( ! _w8 ,c]ta9ly1 said ,fell[es1 nor is !re probably any 'spirituali/' 79 :atev] we may be divid$7 :o w\ld d5y t4 ,suppos+ x true1 does x n seem to y ! mu/ delightful & /up5d\s ( all spiritual tru?s8 ,x does1 inde$1 said ,fell[es4 ,c\ld y always realize x1 my fri5d8 said ,h>r+ton4 ,nay1 ,i 0 once a firm believ] 9 ! curr5t or?odoxy1 z y well "k4 ,n[ y see ) v diff]5t eyes4 ,y c say1 ) ! man 9 ! ,gospel1 ',?is ,i "k1 t1 :]eas ,i 0 bl9d1 n[ ,i see4 ,i c4 ,& y attribute ?is happy *ange ( s5tim5t to ! p]usal ( ^? writ+s ( ,mr4 ,newman f :i* y ?9k t ,i also might d]ive simil> b5efits8 ,i d4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t to y1 at lea/1 my fri5d1 x is possible t !re may be a book-revelation ( 'moral & spiritual tru?' ( ! highe/ possible significance & value1 al?\gh y d n consid] ! book to be div9e2 n[1 if s1 ,i fancy _m w be aga9 incl9$ to say1 t :at ,mr4 ,newman has done 9 y\r case1 ,god might easily d1 if he pleas$1 = mank9d 9 g5]al2 & ) ?is advantage1 t ,he w\ld n include 9 ! same book :i* reveal$ tru? to ! m9d1 & rectifi$ its errors1 an assurance t any su* book-revelation 0 impossible4 ,b1 my +5i\s fri5d4 cri$ ,fell[es1 ) "s w>m?1 y are inf]r+ a little too fa/ = ! premises4 ,i d n admit t ,mr4 ,newman or any o!r spirituali/ has reveal$ to me any tru?1 b only t he has be5 ! in/rum5t ( giv+ %ape & di/9ct consci\sness to :at 01 9 fact1 utt]$ 9 ! secret oracles ( my own bosom be=e2 &1 z ,i believe1 is utt]$ also 9 ! he>ts ( all o!r m54 ,i fe> y\r di/9ction is practically )\t a diff]5ce4 ,x w c]ta9ly n avail u4 ,y say y 7 once 9 no di/9ct consci\s possession ( t sy/em ( spiritual tru? :i* y n[ hold2 on ! contr>y1 t y believ$ a v diff]5t sy/em2 t ! *ange by :i* y 7 br\ght into y\r pres5t condition ( m9d --out ( d>kness into light--out ( error into tru?--has be5 produc$ *iefly by ,mr4 ,newman's deeply in/ructive volumes4 ,if s1 "o w be apt to argue t a book-revelation may be ( ! v utmo/ use & b5efit to mank9d 9 g5]al1--if only by mak+ t :i* w\ld else be in>ticulate mutt] ( ! int]nal oracle di/9ct & cle>2 & t if ,god w\ld b give su* a book1 ! same value at lea/ might atta* to x z to a book ( ,mr4 ,newman's4 ,x little matt]s to ?is argum5t1 ! "q ( ! possibility1 value1 or utility ( an ext]nal revelation1--:e!r ! tru?s x is to communicate be absolutely unkn[n till x reveals !m only n kn[n1 :i* y confess 0 y\r own case4 ,if y\r natural tap] ( illum9ation is /uck into a d>k lant]n1 & its light only c fla% ^u ! s\l :5 "s ,mr4 ,newman k9dly lifts up ! slide = y2 or if y\r int]nal oracle1 l a gho/1 w n speak till x is spok5 to2 or1 l a dumb demon1 awaits to f9d a voice1 & confess itself to be :at x is at ! summons ( an exorci/2--! same argum5t precisely w apply = ! possibility & utility ( a revelation f ,god to m5 9 g5]al4 ,:at has be5 done = y by man1 ev5 ?\gh no m 7 done1 might1 "o w\ld imag9e1 be done = ! re/ ( mank9d1 & 9 a mu* bett] mann]1 by ,god4 ,if t int]nal & native revelation :i* bo? y & ,mr4 ,newman say has its seat 9 ! human s\l1 be cle> )\t 8 aid1 :y did he write a syllable ab\t x8 ,if1 z y say1 its utt]ances 7 n recogniz$1 & t 8 /atem5ts h fir/ made !m famili> to y1 ! same argum5t 7! ,*ri/ian w say7 w d = ! ,bible4 ,x is ( little use t nature tea*es y1 if ,mr4 ,newman is to tea* nature4 ,fell[es 0 sil5t2 &1 aft] a pause1 ,h>r+ton resum$2 he c\ld n resi/ ! temptation ( say+1 ) playful malice1-- ,p]haps y are 9 d\bt :e!r to say t ! int]nal revelation :i* y possess does tea* y de>ly or d>kly4 ,x is a pity t nature s tea*es z to leave y 9 d\bt till "s "o else tea*es y :at %e does tea* y4 ,%e mu/ be l "s ladies1 :o keep s*ool inde$1 b h accompli%$ ma/]s to tea* e ?+4 ,%all we call ,mr4 ,newman ! ,pr(essor ( ',spiritual ,insight'8 ,w\ld x n be advisable1 if y are 9 any unc]ta9ty1 to write to him to ask :e!r ! int]nal tru?s :i* no ext]nal revelation c imp>t be articulate or n2 or :e!r1 ?\gh a book f ,god c\ld n make !m pla9]1 y are at lib]ty to say t a book ( ,mr4 ,newman's w8 ,x is und\bt$ly a subtile "q = him to decide = y2 namely1 :at is ! condition ( y\r own consci\sness8 ,b ,i really see no help = x1 aft] :at y h grant$2 nor1 )\t 8 aid1 d ,i see :e!r y c truly affirm t y h an int]nal revelation1 indep5d5tly ( him or n4 ,& :i*ev] way he decides1 ,i am afraid le/ he %\ld prove bo? himself & y v mu* 9 ! wrong4 ,if he decides = y1 t y\r int]nal revelation mu/ & did anticipate any ?+ he might write1 & t x 0 p]fectly articulate1 z well z in>ticulately pres5t to y\r 'insight' be=e1 x w be difficult to det]m9e :y he %\ld h writt5 at all2 he w\ld also prove1 n only h[ sup]flu\s is y\r gratitude1 b t he und]/&s y\r own consci\sness bett] ?an y d4 ,if he decides x ! o!r way1 & says y _h a 'revelation' be=e he reveal$ x1 yet t he made x utt] articulate language1 & int]pret$ its hi]oglyphics1-- !n x m seems v /range t ei!r y or he %\ld cont5d t a 'book-revelation' is impossible1 s9ce ,mr4 ,newman has produc$ x4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he %\ld 9 ! fir/ ( ^! two ways1 ,i fe>1 my good fri5d1 t we %all fall into ano!r p>adox worse ?an all = x w prove t ! 'int]nal revelation' :i* y possess is bett] kn[n to ,mr4 ,newman ?an to y\rself1 :i* w be a p]fectly wor?y conclusion ( all ?is emb>rass4 ,x w\ld be surely droll = y to affirm t y possess an int]nal revelation :i* r5d]s all 'ext]nal revelation' impossible1 b yet t its di/9ctness is unp]ceiv$ by y\rself1 & awaits ! assurance ( an ext]nal au?ority1 :i* at same "t decl>es all 'ext]nal revelation' impossible6 ,!re is /ill ano!r ^w1 said ,fell[es1 :i* y =get t ,mr4 ,newman employs2 he says t an au?oritative book-revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? is impossible4 ,:y said ,h>r+ton1 laugh+1 :ile y 7 )\t ! tru?1 z y say y 71 x 0 n likely to be au?oritative3 if1 :5 y h x1 x is recogniz$ z au?oritative1 :i* y say is ! case ) ! tru? y h got f ,mr4 ,newman1--if y ackn[l$ge t x ought to h au?ority z soon z kn[n1 --t is all 7s f> z ,i "k7 t is cont5d$ = 9 ! case ( ! ,bible4 ,if y mean by 'au?oritative' a revelation :i* n only ought to be1 b :i* is s1 ,i ?9k mank9d make x pretty pla9 t nei!r ! 'ext]nal' nor ! 'int]nal' revelation is p>ticul>ly au?oritative4 ,9 %ort1 he conclud$ ,i d n see h[ we c d\bt1 on ! pr9ciples on :i* ,mr4 ,newman acts & yet d5ies1 t a book-revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? is v possible2 & if giv51 w\ld be signally useful to mank9d 9 g5]al4 ,if ,mr4 ,newman1 z y admit1 has writt5 a book :i* has put y 9 possession ( moral & spiritual tru?1 surely x may be mode/ly cont5d$ t ,god might dictate a bett]4 ,ei!r y 7 9 possession ( ! tru?s 9 "q be=e he ann\nc$ !m1 or y 7 n2 if n1 ,mr4 ,newman is y\r inf9ite b5efactor1 & ,god may be at lea/ z great a "o2 if y 71 !n ,mr4 ,newman1 l ,job's com=t]s1 'has pl5tifully decl>$ ! ?+ z x is4' ,if y say1 t y 7 9 possession ( !m1 b only by implication2 t y did n see !m de>ly or vividly till !y 7 prop\nd$1 --t is1 t y saw !m1 only practically y 7 bl9d1 & knew !m1 only y 7 virtually ignorant2 /ill1 :atev] ,mr4 ,newman does 7& x am\nts1 9 fact1 to revelation71 t may ! ,bible also d4 ,if ev5 t be n possible1 & man naturally possesses ^! tru?s explicitly1 z well z implicitly1 !n1 inde$1 ! ,bible is an imp]t95ce1--& s is ,mr4 ,newman4 ,aft] a pause1 ,h>r+ton sudd5ly ask$1-- ,d y n ?9k !re is "s diff]5ce betwe5 y\rself & a ,hott5tot8 ,i %\ld hope s1 said ,fell[es1 ) a laugh4 ,b /ill ! ,hott5tot has all ! 'spiritual faculties' ( :i* y speak s mu*8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,:at makes ?is prodigi\s diff]5ce8--= ( t1 z a fact1 we _c dispute4 ,diff]5t culture & education1 ,i suppose4 ,?is culture & education is a ?+ ext]nal8 ,x is4 ,?is culture & education1 h[ev]1 mu/ be ( imm5se importance inde$1 s9ce x makes all ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! hav+ or ! n hav+1 practically1 any j religi\s notions1 or s5tim5ts1 or practices1 7ev5 9 y\r e/imation17 :atev] our et]nal revelation4 ,b /ill ,i hold1 ) ,mr4 ,p>k]1 t ! 'absolute religion' is ! same 9 all m54 ,! diff]5ce is 9 circum/antials only1 z ,mr4 ,p>k] says4 ,!n x s]ves 8 turn1 said ,h>r+ton2 & he says ! contr>y1 :5 x s]ves 8 turn2 !n ! deprav$ =ms ( religion are hide\s en\gh3 :5 he wi%es to comm5d 8 'absolute religion1' !y diff] 9 circum/antials4 ,circum/antials6 ,i h h>dly pati5ce to he> ^! degrad+ apologies = all t is mo/ degrad+ 9 humanity4 ,if ! 'absolute religion1' z he vaguely calls x1 be pres5t 9 ^! ( gross ignorance & unspeakable pollution1 x is s incru/$ & buri$ t x is indisc]nible & wor?less4 ,rightly1 !re=e1 h y express$ a hope t !re is a 'prodigi\s diff]5ce' betwe5 y a ,hott5tot4 ,y adh]e to t1 ,i presume4 ,( c\rse ,i %all1 said ,fell[es4 ,well1 let u see4 ,w\ld y ?9k1 if y 7 turn$ into a ,hott5tot to-morr[1 y _h a religion wor?y ( ! "n1 or n8 ,i am afraid ,i %\ld n4 ,y hope x1 y mean4 ,well1 !n1 x appe>s t culture & education d someh[ make all diff]5ce betwe5 a man's hav+ a religion wor?y ( ! "n1 & ! contr>y8 ,i mu/ admit x1 = ,i _c d5y x 9 po9t ( fact4 ,& y also admit t1 9 n9e hundr$ & n9ety-n9e cases out ( a ?\s&1 or 9 a mu* l>g] proportion1 tak+ all ! nations ( ! _w s9ce "t began1 ! said culture & education h be5 want+1 or ineffably bad8 ,yes4 ,s t !re h be5 v few1 9 po9t ( fact1 :o h atta9$ t 'spiritual' religion = :i* y & our spirituali/s cont5d2 & ^? few *iefly1 z ,mr4 ,newman admits1 among/ ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 ?\gh !y too h _h _! mo/ griev\s errors1 :i* h deplorably obscur$ x8 ,yes ,x appe>s1 !n1 ,i ?9k1 t if we all[ t ! int]nal revelation )\t a mo/ happy ext]nal culture & developm5t w n =m any religion at all wor?y ( ! "n1 & t t happy culture & developm5t 7f :atsoev] cause7 are n ! condition ( our race1--x appe>s1 ,i say1 r odd to affirm t any div9e aid 9 ?is absolutely necess>y ext]nal education ( humanity is n only sup]flu\s1 b impossible4 ,ano!r pause ensu$1 :5 ,h>r+ton aga9 said1 ,y w ?9k me v p]t9aci\s1 p]haps1 b ,i mu/ say t1 9 my judgm5t1 ,mr4 ,newman's !ory ( progressive religion 7= he also admits a doctr9e ( progress7 favors ! same sceptical d\bts z to ! impossibility ( a book-revelation4 ,y d n d5y1 ,i suppose1 t he does ?9k ! _w ne$s enlight5+8 ,_h he n believ$ t1 he w\ld n h writt54' ,i suppose n4 ,h[ev]1 h[ ! _w %\ld ne$ x1 if y\r pr9ciples be true1 & e man br+s into ! _w 8 own p>ticul> lant]n1--',ent] ,moon%9e1'--,i d n q und]/&2 or1 if x is 9 ne$ ( su* illum9ation n )/&+1 :y x %\ld n be possible = an ext]nal revelation to supply x /ill bett] ?an y\r illum9ati1 ,i am equally unable to und]/&4 ,b let t pass4 ,mr4 ,newman concludes t ! _w does /& 9 ne$ ( ?is illum9ation1 & t x has _h x at v>i\s times4 ,9 is 8 op9ion1 is x n1 t m5 began by be+ poly!i/s & idolat]s8 ,x is s2 & surely all hi/ory be>s out ! !ory4 ,_m d\bt x4 ,i w n v5ture to give any op9ion1 except t !re are inexplicable difficulties1 z usual1 on bo? sides4 ,j n[ ,i am q will+ to take 8 /atem5t = grant$1 & suppose t man 9 ! infancy ( 8 race 01 9 spite ( ! aid ( 8 v peculi> illum9ation1--:i* seems to h 'ray$ out d>kness1' --z v a ,troglodyte 9 civilization & religion z y 7= ! special glory ( 8 ,creator1 ,i suppose1 & ! honor ( y\r species7 c wi% him to h be54 ,well1 man began by be+ a poly!i/1 & v gradually em]g$ out ( t pleasant condition --or r an inf9itesimal portion ( ! race has em]g$ out ( x1 into ! bett] =ms ( idolatry--7poor wret*671 & f !nce to mono!ism2 t1 9 %ort1 8 poly!ism is n ! corruption ( 8 mono!ism1 b 8 mono!ism an elevation ( 8 poly!ism4 ,yet x is1 aft] all1 a *e]less 'progress1' :i* (t5 'advances backw>d4' ,mr4 ,newman says t '! law ( ,god's moral univ]se1 z kn[n to u1 is t ( progress2 t we trace x f old b>b>ism to ! me?odiz$ ,egyptian idolatry1 to ! m flexible poly!ism ( ,syria & ,greece1' & s =?2 & s 9 ,pale/9e1 f ! 'image-wor%ip 9 ,jacob's family to ! rise ( spiritual s5tim5t "u ,david1 & ,hezekiah's prophets4' 7,phases1 p4 #bbc7 ,yet he also tells u1 ',c]emonialism m & m incru/$ ! re/or$ nation1 & ,jesus 0 ne$$ to spur & /ab ! consci5ces ( 8 contempor>ies1 & recall !m to m spiritual p]ceptions4' ,well1 ?us came ,*ri/ to '/ab & spur'2 & fai?1 ,i ?9k '/ab & spur' 7 aga9 ne$$ by ! end ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,successive re=m]s are ne$$ to '/ab & spur' ! ?ick hide ( humanity1 )\t :i* x w n1 x seems1 g =w>d1 b p]v]sely g backw>d2 & ev5 ) ?is p]petual application ( ! goad ( "s spiritual moh\l1 man crawls on at an intol]ably sl[ pace4 ,h[ev]1 '/ab' & 'spur' are ne$$ :i* is all ,i am n[ int5t ^u4 ,yes2 b ea* ( ^? great s\ls :o h /imulat$ ! dull m9d ( ord9>y humanity d]iv$ f its own int]nal illum9ation t spiritual light :i* !y h communicat$ to ! re/ ( mank9d6 ,= !mselves1 p]haps1 my fri5d1 said ,h>r+ton1 & if !y _h kept x to !mselves 9 _m in/ances1 probably ! _w w\ld h be5 no los]4 ,t !y _h x f )91 is true1--if y\r !ory is true4 ,b to o!rs1 to ! bulk ( mank9d1 !y h imp>t$ ?is light2 x has be5 to mank9d an 'ext]nal revelation'2 x is f )\t1 n f )91 t ?is light has be5 receiv$1 & t ! boa/$ 'progress' ( ! race has be5 secur$4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 only = y\r ,*ri/ian oppon5t to ask1 h[ x %\ld be impossible t mank9d %\ld be indebt$ to an ext]nal revelation by ,god1 :5 x is pla9 t !y are indebt$ = ! l f man6 ,& :e!r x is n conceivable t1 if ,moses & ,socrates & ,paul c\ld d s mu* = !m1 ,god c\ld d a trifle m8 ,y w say1 p]haps1 on ! old plea1 t ^! pr(\nd] spirits only made articulate t :i* already exi/$ in>ticulately 9 ! he>ts ( ^? :om !y address$2 t !y only *af$ into life ! m>ble /atue ( ,pygmalion1--! dormant pr9ciples & s5tim5ts :i* _h a home 9 ! human he>t be=e1 only !y 7 unluckily treat$ z /rang]s4 ,well2 ! same ?+ may ! apologi/ = ! ,bible say1--m]ely add+1 t x does m effectually ! bus9ess ( ?us awak5+ 'dormant' p[]s1 & giv+ a sub/antive =m to ! %ad[y conceptions ( mank9d4 ,b x is /ill1 9 ei!r case1 to ! bulk ( ! _w an ext]nal revelation1 an outw>d aid :i* gives !m ! actual consci\s possession ( spiritual light1 & secures ! vaunt$ progress ( humanity4 ,su* are "s ( my difficulties respect+ y\r !ory ( ! impossibility & inutility ( any & all ext]nal revelations4 ,i mu/1 9 c&or1 say t our discussion has left !m :]e !y 74 ,!re is "o ?+1 he add$1 ab\t y\r sy/em :i* ,i ackn[l$ge w\ld be consolatory to me if x 7 b true4 ,if man be really 9 possession ( an int]nal & univ]sal revelation ( moral & spiritual tru?1 y nei!r c nor ne$ take any tr\ble to enlight5 & conv]t him4 ,x relieves "o ( all sup]flu\s anxiety on t score4 ,p>don me1 said ,fell[es1 x is ,mr4 ,newman's spiritual !ory alone :i* does all[ ! prospect ( success to any su* ef=ts4 ,z he truly says1 :5 ! spiritual *ampion has ?r[n (f ! burd5 ( an hi/orical ,*ri/ianity1 he advances1 z lightly equipp$ z ,prie/ley himself4 ,i %\ld say mu* m lightly4 ',:at1' says he1 'may we n[ expect f ! true !ologian :5 he attacks s91 & vice1 & gross spirituality8' ',! weapon he uses1' to employ ,mr4 ,newman's own language1 'is z lightn+ f ,god1 k9dl$ f ! _s )9 him1 & pi]c+ ?r\gh ! unbeliev]'s s\l1 conv9c+ 8 consci5ce ( s91 & /rik+ him to ! gr\nd be=e ,god2 until ^? :o believe receive x n z ! ^w ( man b z :at x is1 9 tru?1 ! ^w ( ,god4 ,its action is directly ^u ! consci5ce & ^u ! s\l1 & h5ce its wond]ful results2 n on ! critical faculties1 ^u :i* ! _s is p[]less4'7,s\l1 p4 #bdd7 ,aga91 he says t su* a prea*] 'w h pl5ty to say1 alike to ! vulg> & to ! philosoph]s1 appreciable by ! s\l4' ,he> him aga93 ',!n he may speak ) confid5ce ( :at he kn[s & feels2 & call on 8 he>]s ( !mselves to try & prove 8 words4 ,!n ! conv]sion ( m5 to ! love ( ,god may take place by hundr$s & ?\s&s1 z 9 "s =m] in/ances4 ,!n1 at l5g?1 "s hope may dawn t ,mohamm$ans & ,h9doos may be jo9$ 9 "o fold ) u1 "u "o ,%eph]d1 :o w only h rega9$ 8 old] "n ( ! ,"l ,god4' 7,s\l1 p4 #beh7 ,by all ! gods & goddesses ( all ! nations1 said ,h>r+ton1 ,i _c und]/& x4 ,h[ mank9d %\ld ne$ su* tea*+1 if y\r !ory be true2 h[1 if !y ne$ x1 x is possible t y %\ld give x if all ext]nal revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? be impossible2 h[1 if x is impossible1 x %\ld be impossible = a ,god1 by a ,bible1 to give ! l2 h[ y c get at ! s\ls ( p at all except ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( ! s5ses & ! intellect1--! latt] ( :i* y say has no?+ to d ) ! 's\l1' & surely ! =m] c h z little2 or h[1 if y c get at !m by ?is int]v5tion1 x is impossible t a ,bible %\ld1--is all to me a my/]y4 ,b let t pass4 ,if y\r la/ acc\nt be true1 "o ?+ is cle>2 t a spl5did c>e] is op5 to y & y\r fri5ds4 ,y c imm$iately employ ?is irresi/ible 'weapon' = ! v]ification ( y\r views & ! conv]sion ( ! human race4 ,y c r5ew1 or r realize1 ! triumphs ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity2--,i say realize1 = y & ,mr4 ,newman believe !m to be1 = ! mo/ "p1 fabul\s1 & t x 0 ! army ( ,con/ant9e t conqu]$ ! ,empire = ,*ri/ianity2 b y c turn su* fables into tru?s4 ,surely ! lea/ y c d is to be (f z a mission>y to ,*9a or ,india4 ,g to ,con/ant9ople1 my de> fell[1 & take ! ,great ,turk by ! be>d4 ,nor c ,mr4 ,newman d less ?an repair to ,bagdad1 ^u a second & m hopeful mission4 ,y w "k :5 y h demoli%$ ,mohamm$anism1 & got fairly into ,?ibet4 ,alex&]'s c>e] w be no?+ to x4 ,b alas6 ,i fe> x w be only ano!r v>iety ( t impossible ?+1--a book-revelation6 ,nay1 said ,fell[es1 we mu/ fir/ f9i% our mission at home1 & try our weapons ^u y & su* z y4 ,we mu/ subdue su* z y fir/4 ,!n y w nev] g1 said ,h>r+ton4 ,nev] m9d1 ,i said1 ,mr4 ,fell[es2 ,h>r+ton is v mis*iev\s to-day4 ,b1 z he said he w\ld n conte/ ! gr\nd ( y\r dictum1 t a book-revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? is impossible1 s he has n ent]$ into x4 ,w y let me1 on a future day1 read to y a brief pap] ^u x8 ,i h no skill--or b little--9 t erotetic me?od ( :i* ,h>r+ton is s fond4 ,he ass5t$1 & "h ?is long conv]sation end$4 ,july #g4 ,h>r+ton & ,i sp5t a portion ( ?is morn+ alone 7,fell[es 0 gone out = a day or two71 conv]s+ on v>i\s subjects4 ,i h>dly "k h[ x 01 b ,i felt a /rong reluctance to ent] ) =mality on t "o :i* yet lay ne>e/ my he>t1 --:e!r f ! fe> le/ ,i %\ld d m h>m ?an good2 le/ controv]sy %\ld1 z s (t5 happ5s1 indurate r ?an s(t5 ! he>t3 or p]haps ,i _h "s secret di/ru/ ( my own temp] or 84 ,yet1 if ,i felt any ?+ ( ! la/1 ,i am sure ,i did him inju/ice2 & 7,i hope7 myself4 ,be x z x may1 ,i ?\ght x bett] j to ex*ange a %ot n[ & !n1--sometimes x 0 a r$-hot %ot too on bo? sides1--z we pass$ & repass$1 9 ! curr5t ( conv]sation1 ?an come to a regul> set-to1 y>d-arm to y>d-arm4 ,f :atev] cause1 he gave me abundant opportunity ( recurr+ to ! subject1 = he 0 p]petually1 & ,i believe unconsci\sly1 lead+ ! conv]sation t[>ds x2 n1 ,i ?9k1 f confid5ce 9 8 logical pr[ess1 b f ! re/lessness 9 :i* 7he did n pret5d to disguise x7 8 /ate ( scepticism _h plung$ him4 ,x 0 curi\s1 inde$1 to see h[ e ?+1 soon] or lat]1 fell into "o *annel4 ,= example1 ,i happ5$ to rem>k1 t a cottage 9 ! valley :i* we saw f 8 libr>y w9d[ w\ld make a pretty object 9 a picture1--x 0 ! only sign ( life 9 ! little valley4 ,i %\ld l ! view itself all ! bett] )\t x1 said he4 ,i obs]v$ t a pa9t] w\ld feel v diff]5tly2 & if !re 7 no su* object1 he w\ld be sure to put "o 94 ,o1 c]ta9ly1 he repli$1 a pa9t] w\ld1 & ju/ly2 !re is no d\bt t ! %ad[ ( animat$ exi/5ce is v admirable2 a picture1 ,i admit1 is wond]fully m picturesque ) su* a picture ( life2 especially z ! pa9t] c & does remove e ?+ (f5sive to 8 fa/idi\s art4 ,he is v apt to reg>d ! objects 9 8 l&scapes mu* z a poet does a cottage1 accord+ to ,c[p]'s confession4 ',by a cottage1' says he to ,lady ,heske?1 'y mu/ always und]/&1 my de>1 t a poet means a h\se ) six sa%es 9 front1 com=table p>lors1 a sm>t /aircase1 & ?ree rooms ( conv5i5t dim5sions4' ,z ,i h look$ sometimes d[n a m\nta9 gl51 & se5 ! mo/ picturesque huts ^u its sides1 ,i h ?\ght h[ little ! pa9t] c\ld disp5se ) !m4 ,b1 !n1 h[ easily ! philosoph] c3 =1 alas6 ,i h tak5 w+ f my /ation1 & look$ 9 ?r\gh ! mis]able easem5t1 & se51 n only :at is disgu/+ to ! s5ses1--:i* is a small matt]1--b ignorance & disease1 & fe>1 & guilt1 & rack+ pa91 & d\bt1 & dea?2 & ,i h n be5 able to help say+1 9 pity1 ',o = absolute solitude6--h[ mu* nature w\ld be improv$ if ! human race 7 annihilat$6' ,! human race1 said ,i1 laugh+1 is v mu* oblig$ to ! pity :i* w\ld ?us ext]m9ate !m2 b z "o ( !m1 ,i %\ld decid$ly object to s sweep+ a mode ( improv+ ! picturesque4 ,besides1 ,i suppose y make an exception 9 favor1 y\rself1 o!rwise ! picturesque w\ld vani% j :5 x 0 br\ght to p]fection4 ,i am (t5 incl9$ to say ) ,paley1 ?\gh ,i rememb] well hav+ sometimes felt z y d1 ',x is a happy _w aft] all4' ,i admit1 h[ev]1 t a buoyant1 *e]ful1 habitual conviction ( ?is w dep5d on ! con/itution ( ! m9d1 & ev5 v>y ) ! same 9 its diff]5t moods4 ,b ,i am sure x may be a really happy _w1 :atev] its sorr[s1 to any "o :o w view x z he ought4 ,i wi% y c\ld tea* me ! art4 ,x is1 said ,i1 to ex]cise ! fai? & ! hope ( a ,*ri/ian1 humbly to reg>d ?is life z :at x is1--a sc5e ( discipl9e & s*ool+1 a pilgrimage to a bett]4 ,x is an old rem$y1 b x has be5 (t5 tri$2 & to millions ( our race has made ?is _w m ?an tol]able1 & dea? tranquil1 nay1 triumphant4 ,d y rememb] ,s*ill]'s ',walk among ! ,l9d5-,trees'8 ,p]fectly well4 ,d y n rememb] h[ ! two y\?s diff] 9 _! e/imate ( ! beautiful 9 nature8 ',is x possible1' says ,edw91 'y c ?us turn f ! cup ( joy1 sp>kl+ & ov]fl[+ z x is8'--',yes1' said ,wollm>1 ':5 "o f9ds a spid] 9 x2 & :y n8 ,9 y\r eyes1 to be sure1 ,nature decks h]self out l a rosy-*eck$ maid5 on h] bridal day4 ,to me %e appe>s an old1 )]$ beldame1 ) sunk5 eyes1 furr[$ *eeks1 & artificial ornam5ts 9 h] hair4 ,h[ %e seems to admire h]self 9 ?is h] ,sunday f9]y6 ,b x is ! same worn & anci5t g>m5t1 put (f & on "s hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( times4' ,b h[ natural is ! explanation ( all giv5 at ! beautiful close ( ! dialogue6 ',"h1' said ! jocund ,edw91 ',i fir/ met my ,juliet4'--',& x 0 "u ^! l9d5-trees1' says ,wollm>1 't ,i lo/ my ,laura' ,x 0 _! mood ( m9d1 & n ! outw>d _w1 t made all ! diff]5ce4 ,all nature1 innoc5t ?+6 mu/ cons5t to take h] hue f x4 ,y h1 ,i fe>1 lo/ y\r ,laura1--simply allud+ to 8 e>ly fai?2 or %all ,i suppose1 f y\r pres5t mood1 t y h j met ) y\r ,juliet8 ,i spoke1 ( c\rse1 ( 8 philosophy4 ,he 0 look+ out ( ! w9d[2 b on my turn+ my gaze t[>ds him1 ,i saw su* a look ( peculi> angui%1 t ,i felt ,i _h inadv]t5tly t\*$ a t]rible *ord inde$4 ,i turn$ ! conv]sation ha/ily1 by rem>k+ 7almo/ )\t ?9k+ ( :at ,i said7 on ! beautiful contra/ betwe5 ! light blue ( ! sky & ! gre5 ( ! lawn & trees2 & proce$$ to rem>k on ! degree 9 :i* ! m]e organic or s5sational pleasures ( vision =m$ an +r$i5t 9 ! pleasurable associations ( ! complex beautiful4 ,he gradually resum$ conv]sation2 & we discuss$ ! subject ( ! beautiful = "s "t4 ,yet ,i "k n h[ x 01 nor c ,i trace ! /eps by :i* we deviat$1--only t ,r\sseau's summ] -day dreams on ! ,lake ( ,bi5ne 0 a l9k 9 ! *a91--we someh[ soon f\nd ourselves on ! br9k ( ! great controv]sy respect+ ! orig9 ( ,evil4 ,i h read _m books on t subject1 said ,i2 b ,i int5d to read no m2 & ,i %\ld ?9k y h _h en\gh ( !m4 ,:y1 yes1 said he1 laugh+2 :atev] philosoph]s may h ?\ght ( ! orig9 ( evil1 x is a great aggravation ( x to read _! speculations4 ,! be/ ?+ ,i "k on ! subject--& x exhau/s x--is half a doz5 l9es 9 ',rob9son ,crusoe4' ,rob9son ,crusoe6 said ,i4 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$2 d y n rememb] t :5 he caught 8 man ,friday1 ! 'intuitional consci\sness'--! 'insight'--! 'inw>d revelation' ( t wor?y savage n be+ f\nd q s p]fect z ,mr4 ,p>k] w\ld fancy1 ,rob9son proce$s to indoctr9ate him 9 ! my/]ies ( !ology8 ,friday is mu* puzzl$1 z _m m le>n$ savages h be5 be=e him1 to f9d t ! inf9ite p[]1 wisdom1 & goodness ( ,god _h made e ?+ good1 & t good x w\ld h cont9u$ _h n be5 = ! opposition ( ! ,devil4 ',:y ,god n kill ,debbil8' asks poor ,friday4 ,on :i* says ,rob9son1 ',?\gh ,i 0 a v old man1 ,i f\nd t ,i 0 b a "y doctor 9 div9ity4' ,ah6 if all doctors 9 div9ity _h be5 equally c&id1 ! treatises on t dread subject w\ld n h be5 q s volum9\s2 = we close !m all alike ) ! unavail+ "q1 ',:y ,god n kill ,debbil8' ,obs]v+ ?is t5d5cy to gravitate t[>ds ! abyss1 ,i at la/ said to him1 ',i ?9k1 if ,i 7 y1 hav+ decid$ t !re is no religi\s tru? to be f\nd1 ,i %\ld dismiss ! subject f my ?\ghts altoge!r4 ,d z ! ,indian did1 :o /ruggl$ z long z he c\ld to "r 8 canoe :5 he f\nd he 0 9 ! /ream ( ,niag>a2 b1 f9d+ 8 ef=ts unavail+1 sat himself d[n ) 8 arms fold$1 & w5t d[n ! falls )\t /irr+ a muscle4 ,let u talk no m on ! subject4 ,:y %\ld y p]plex y\rself1 z y app>5tly d1 ab\t a ?+ s hopeless to be f\nd out z tru?8 ',:at is tru?8' said ,pilate2 &1 z ,bacon says1 'he w\ld n wait = an answ]4' ,x 0 a "q to :i*1 mo/ probably1 he1 l y1 ?\ght no answ] c\ld be giv54 ,if ,i 7 y1 ,i %\ld d ! same4 ,:y p]plex y\rself to no purpose8 ,i %\ld answ]1 said he1 z ,solon did :5 ask$ :y he griev$ = 8 son1 see+ all grief 0 unavail+4' ,x is = t v reason t ,i grieve1' 0 ! reply4 ,& 9 l mann] ,i dwell on ! impossibility ( discov]+ tru? because x is impossible4 ,i ackn[l$g$ t x 0 a suffici5t reason1 & t x w5t to acc\nt 9 "s degree = a fact ,i _h rem>k$ 9 ! few sceptics ,i _h come across1--g5u9e or o!rwise1--t !y seem$ less capable ( repos+ 9 _! pr(ess$ convictions ?an any "o else3 x is ( no avail1 !y say1 to reason on su* subjects2 & yet !y are p]petually reason+6 ,!y w nei!r re/ !mselves nor let any "o else re/4 ,he confess$ x1 & said1 ,! /ate ( m9d is v mu* z y h describ$ x2 & y h describ$ x s exactly1 t ,i almo/ ?9k y1 my de> uncle1 mu/ "k ! he>t ( a sceptic1 & h be5 "o y\rself "s "t or o!r6 ,we w\nd up ! morn+1 :i* 0 beautiful1 by tak+ a ride1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ,i 0 amus$ ) an in/ance ( ! s5sitiv5ess ) :i* ,h>r+ton's cultivat$ m9d recoil$ f ! grossness ( vulg> & ignorant infidelity4 ,we call$ at ! cottage ( a little f>m]1 a t5ant ( 81 some:at notori\s bo? = pr(anity & s5suality4 ,presum+1 ,i suppose1 on 8 "y l&lord's suspect$ het]odoxy1 & ?9k+1 p]haps1 to curry favor ) him1 he v5tur$ 7,i "k n :at l$ to x7 to indulge 9 "s /upid joke ab\t ! legion & ! h]d ( sw9e4 ,sir1 said he1 scrat*+ 8 head1 ! ,devil1 ,i reckon1 mu/ h be5 a m clev] fell[ ?an ,i ?\ght1 to make two ?\s& hogs g d[n a /eep place into ! sea2 x is h>d en\gh ev5 to make !m g :]e !y w1 & almo/ impossible make !m g :]e !y won't4 ,! ,devil1 my good fri5d1 said ,h>r+ton1 v gravely1 is a v clev] fell[2 & ,i hope y d n = a mom5t int5d to comp>e y\rself ) him4 ,z to ! suppos$ miracle1 x w\ld1 no d\bt1 be h>d to say :i* 7 mo/ to be piti$1 ! devils 9 ! sw9e1 or ! sw9e ) ! devils 9 !m2 b has x nev] /ruck y t ! :ole may be an allegorical repres5tation ( ! mis]able & de/ructive effects ( ! union ( ! two vices ( s5suality & pr(anity8 ,!y also 7if all tales be true7 lead to a /eep place1 b ,i h nev] he>d t x ends 9 ! wat]4 ,n[1 he cont9u$1 ,i d>e say y w\ld laugh at t /ory :i* ! ,roman ,ca?olics tell ( ,/4 ,antony2 namely1 t he prea*$ to ! pigs'6 --yet x has _h a v s\nd allegorical int]pretation2 we are told t x meant m]ely t he prea*$ to c\ntry f>m]s2 :i*1 y see1 is m ?an ,i h be5 do+4 ,x 0 "o ( ! _m ?+s :i* made me a sceptic z to :e!r he 0 "o4 ,h>r+ton1 said ,i1 at times ,i f9d x impossible to believe t y d\bt ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,suppose ,i 7 to answ]1 t at times ,i d\bt :e!r ,i d\bt x or n1 w\ld n t be a ?or\gh sceptic's answ]8 ,i admitt$ t x w\ld be inde$4 ,july #h4 ,i 0 already 9 ! libr>y1 writ+1 :5 ,h>r+ton came 9 to breakfa/4 ,y seem busy e>ly1 said he4 ,i told him ,i 0 m]ely endeavor+ to manife/ my love = 8 future *ildr54 ,y "k1 said ,i1 :at ,isocrates says1 t x is "r t *ildr51 z !y inh]it ! o!r possessions1 %\ld also inh]it ! fri5d%ips ( _! fa!rs4 ,my *ildr56 said he1 v gravely2 ,i %all nev] h any4 ,o1 yes1 y w1 & !n ^! sull5 vapors ( d\bt w roll (f be=e ! sunlight ( dome/ic happ9ess4 ,x w allure y to love ,him :o has giv5 y s mu* to love4 ,yes1 said ,i1 gayly1 ,i %all visit y "o day 9 happi] moods2 :5 y w wond] h[ y c\ld h indulg$ all y\r pres5t ?\ghts ( ,god & ! univ]se4 ,z y gaze into ! face ( innoc5t *ildhood1 :i* %[s y :at fai? 9 ,god is by tru/ 9 y1 y w say1 ',heav5 %ield ! boy f be+ :at 8 fa!r has be58'--y w feel t su* ?\ghts z y\rs w n d1 z ! _w says2 & we %all all g toge!r1 y ) y\r wife on y\r arm1 to *ur* !re 9 ! 9 ! bright sun & deep quiet ( a ,sabba? morn+1 & amid/ ! music ( ! ,sabba? bells2 & z ! tranquil sc5e /eals into y\r v s\l1 y w say1 ',no1 scepticism 0 n made = man4' ,x is a pleasant romance1 he repli$1 gloomily1 & no?+ m4 ,i %all nev] love1 & %all !re=e nev] w$2 ?\gh1 ,i suppose1 t does n logically foll[4 ,h[ev]1 x does ) me2 &1 consequ5tly1 ,i presume ! *ildr5 are also only 9 posse4 ,h[ev]1 :at is ?is in/ance ( y\r k9dness to my possible *ildr58 he add$1 m *e]fully4 ,i 0 endeavor+1 said ,i1 on ! b>e possibility ( y\r reta9+ z a fa!r all ! feel+s y seem to ent]ta9 at pres5t1 to compile = y\r *ildr5 7z !y mu/ be taught some?+1 & y w\ld wi% !m1 z y say1 to "k ! tru?7 a %ort cate*ism4 ,i ?9k ! que/ions 9 ,watts's ,fir/ ,cate*ism might d = ! poor little s\ls4 ,! answ]s 7z usual7 might n be :olly intelligible till !y got old]1 b /ill might awak5 "s notion :i* 9 "t might rip5 into confirm$ scepticism4 ,well1 said he1 laugh+1 let me he> :at sort ( 'religi\s' in/ruction y h provid$4 ,i _h only f9i%$ "o "q1 ,i repli$1 :5 y came 93 b ,i almo/ ?9k x may be consid]$ a ',summa ,!ologiae' ( itself4 ,x is ?is3-- ',c y tell me1 *ild1 :o made y8' ',i _c1 c]ta9ly1 tell :o made me2 nei!r c my fa!r2 b f ! cont9ual mis]y1 confusion1 & d\bt :i* ,i feel 9 myself & see ar\nd me'--"h ! little pupil is to be caution$ n to laugh2 ! mir? 9 ! eye1 p]haps1 _c be ext+ui%$1--,i am l$ to d\bt :e!r ,i 0 made by "o :o c>es = me or takes any int]e/ 9 me4'7,good *ild47 ,z ,i look$ up1 aft] read+ ?is fir/ tru? ( sceptical !ology1 ,i obs]v$ 9 ,h>r+ton's face some?+ ( ! same look ( sorr[ :i* ,i _h not$ ! day be=e4 ,sudd5ly be said1 z if to prev5t any *ance recurr5ce to pa9ful topics3-- ,i v gradually became a d\bt]4 ,i 0 p]haps becom+ s :51 two ye>s ago1 ,i became an idolat]1 & my idol crumbl$ to pieces at my feet4 ,t transi5t vision ( ! beautiful half reclaim$ me f my d\bts2 ! d>kness ( ! succe$+ night taught me ju/] views ( ! mis]ies ( man & ! incompreh5sible riddle ( 8 exi/5ce2 & ,i half blu%$ at my glimpse ( selfi% happ9ess4 ,s say+1 he sudd5ly left ! room4 ,"s "p ( ! my/]y ,i felt 0 unravell$4 ,alas6 ! logic ( ! head1--h[ fatally =tifi$ by ! logic ( ! he>t6 ,& s1 ?\ght ,i to myself1 ev5 ,h>r+ton too is 9 "p ! dupe ( t cunn+ _s ( delusion :i* 9 v>i\s =ms is resolv$ to ca/ ,god & a ,r$eem] & ,immortality out ( ! univ]se1 9 complim5t to man's wond]ful elevation1 purity1 unselfi%ness1 & philan?ropy6 ,"o man tells me1 ) ,%aftesbury1 t he does n want any immortal hopes1 or any su* bribes ( prud5ce to make him virtu\s or religi\s1--delicate1 noble-m9d$ creature6--t he c s]ve & love ,god equally well1 ?\gh he 7 sure ( be+ annihilat$ to-morr[ morn+6 ,ano!r decl>es t he w\ld n accept heav5 itself if pur*as$ by a s+le pang1 volunt>y or involunt>y1 endur$ by any o!r be+ 9 ,god's univ]se8 ,ano!r swe>s t su* is 8 sympa!tic b5evol5ce1 t he w\ld n accept t same heav5 if he ?\ght any o!r be+ 0 to be %ut out ( x2 ,i wond] :e!r he condesc5ds to accept any bless+ n[1 :ile a s+le fall[-creature rema9s de/itute ( x8 ,a f\r? 7a lady too7 decl>es !re is no !ory ,god1 ( an au?or ( nature1 ( an orig9 ( ! univ]se :i* is n utt]ly repugnant to h] faculties1 :i* is n 7to h] feel+s7 s irrev]5t z to make h] blu%1 s mislead+ z to make h] m\rn2 & n[ ,h>r+ton1 in/ead ( be+ ?ankful = 8 glimpse ( happ9ess1 & yield+ to ! bett] in/9cts & convictions x p>tly awak5$1 & le>n+ pati5ce1 submission1 & fai? "u 8 %att]$ hopes1 is tak5 captive on ! same weak side2 & 7all unconsci\s t he %>es 9 ! prophet's feel+1 ,i d well to be angry7 fancies t 8 pres5t gloom is m truly 9 unison ) ! condition ( ! univ]se1 & t he is b\nd to be mo/ philan?ropically misan?ropical4 ,o1 well does ! ,book say ( ?is he>t ( ours1 ,,deceitful ,,above ,,all ,,?+s6 ,su* are our m+l$ follies & wick$ness1 s ludicr\s1 s sorr[ful1 are ! features pres5t$ 9 ?is great tragi-com$y1--,,! ,,life ,,( ,,man1 --t x is impossible to play consi/5tly ei!r ,democritus or ,h]aclitus4 ,july #i4 ,mr4 ,fell[es return$ ?is morn+4 ,we _h a v pleasant day1--!ology be+ exclud$4 ,9 ! ev5+ my companions 7 aga9 pleas$ to di/urb my occupations2 b x 0 only a %ort skirmi%4 ,fell[es 0 endeavor+ to enlight5 8 fri5d respect+ ! my/]ies ( belief & fai?1 z exp\nd$ by "s ( 8 favorite writ]s3 he cont5d$1 7mak+ t %e] sep>ation betwe5 ! intellectual & spiritual1 :i* s _m ( ! spiritual s*ool affect47 n only t !re may be correct belief )\t true fai?1 :i*1 9 an intelligible s5se1 few w d5y2 b t !re may be a true fai? ) a false belief'1 or ev5 ) none1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w4 ,ref]r+ to a rec5t acute writ] 9 "o ( our religi\s p]iodicals1 he argu$ t belief is prop]ly an intellectual process1 f\nd$ on a presum$ prepond]ance ( reasons or suppos$ reasons1 = x2 & t :e!r ^? reasons am\nt to demon/ration1 or :e!r ! scale be turn$ by a gra91 matt]s n2 ! product is purely logical1 & has no m to d ) fai? ?an a belief 9 any proposition ( ,euclid4 ,b1 at all ev5ts1 he proce$$1 :e!r y *oose to call "s ( ^! acts ( reason by ! "n ( belief or n1 fai? is some?+ q indep5d5t ( x4 ,z ,mr4 ,newman says1 9 8 ',phases1' ',belief is "o ?+ & fai? ano!r'3 'belief is purely intellectual2 fai? is prop]ly spiritual4' ',n[h]e f any body ( prie/s1 cl]gy1 or m9i/]s1 z an ord]1 is religi\s progress to be anticipat$ till intellectual cre$s are de/roy$4' ,see1 too1 h[ t5d]ly he speaks ev5 ( a!ism4 ',i d n "k1' he says1 'h[ to avoid call+ ?is a moral error2 b ,i mu/ c>efully gu>d aga9/ seem+ to ov]look t x may /ill be a m]ely speculative error1 :i* ought n to sep>ate our he>ts f any man4' ,simil>ly he *>itably re/ricts 'idolatry' 9 any 'bad s5se' to a volunt>y wor%ipp+ ( :at ! wor%ipp] feels n to des]ve 8 adoration2 & z ,i1 = "o1 d\bt :e!r ?is is ev] ! case1 ?is delightful *>ity is compreh5sive inde$4 ,mr4 ,p>k]'s disc\rse is full ( ! same beautiful & tol]ant maxims4 ',ea* religi\s doctr9e1' he says1 'has "s "t /ood = a tru? 444444 ,ea* ( ^! =ms ( religion 7poly!ism & feti*ism1 to wit7 did ! _w s]vice 9 its day4' ,no "o =m ( religion is absolutely true2 fai? may be compatible ) !m all4 ,let me und]/& y1 if possible1 said ,h>r+ton2 = at pres5t ,i fe> ,i d n4 ,t !re may be belief )\t fai? 9 a v ,intelligible s5se1 ,i c und]/&4 ,y say !re c be fai? )\t belief1 & a true fai? t is connect$ ) any belief1 h[ev] errone\s1 d y n8 ,provid$ x conta9s ! absolute religion4 ,well1 & ev5 ! l[e/ feti*ism does t1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,p>k]1 :om y def5d4 ,n[ ?is ,protean fai? is :at ,i d n und]/&4 ,t1 said ,fell[es1 ,i c easily conceive2 &1 let me add1 no sceptic c und]/& x4 ,i see no reason :y he %\ld n1 said ,h>r+ton1 laugh+1 if1 z y & ,mr4 ,newman suppose1 ! 'spiritual' c be s p]fectly divorc$ f ! 'intellectual4' ,accord+ to y\r reason+1 ! & ! idolat] _c be incapable ( ex]cis+ ?is my/]i\s 'fai?1'--:5 _! errors are suppos$ purely speculative1--s9ce fai? has no?+ to d ) ! intellect2 nei!r !re=e ought ! sceptic to be q beyond ! pale ( y\r *>ity4 ,nay1 8 intellect be+ a rasa tabula 9 ^! matt]s1 ,i %\ld ?9k he is 9 m favorable circum/ances ?an !y c be4 ,b1 s]i\sly1 let me try1 if possible1 to fa?om ?is curi\s dogma1--,i beg y\r p>don1--s5tim5t1 ,i mean4 ,belief )\t fai? 9 an intelligible s5se 7if by ?is la/ we mean a condition ( ! emotions or affections71 ,i c und]/&2 ?\gh if ! tru? believ$ be ( a nature to excite to emotion & to dictate action1 & fail to d s1 ,i d\bt :e!r m5 9 g5]al w\ld n call t belief spuri\s4 ,= example1 if a man1 on be+ told t 8 h\se 0 on fire1 sat /ill 9 8 neighbor's *imney-corn]1 & took no notice ( ! matt]1 mo/ p]sons w\ld say t 8 ass5t 0 no true belief2 = x did n produce its effects1 did n produce fai?4 ,b :e!r fai? c ev] exi/ indep5d5tly ( belief1--:e!r x is n always involv$ ) x1--& :e!r !re c be a fai? wor? a f>?+ t is n bas$ on a true belief1--t is ! po9t on :i* ,i want light4 ,if ,i und]/& y1 an acceptable fai? may or may n coexi/ ) a true belief2 & m5 :o believe 9 ,jupit] or ,jehovah1 9 "o ,god or a ?\s&1 :o wor%ip ! sun1 or an idol1 or a cat1 or a monkey1 all may h an equally acceptable fai?4 ,i affirm x4 ,t z !re may be belief 9 a tru? )\t fai?1 s !re may be fai?1 ?\gh ! intellect believes 9 a falsehood2--t fai?1 9 fact1 is indep5d5t ( k1 or ( any p>ticul> condition ( ! intellect8 ,i d n l ! t]ms 9 :i* y express ! s5tim5t1 b ,i1 = "o1 believe x sub/antially correct4 ,nev] m9d ! =m2 ,i am q will+ to employ o!r t]ms1 if y w supply !m ,well1 !n1 said ,fell[es1 ,i %\ld say1 ) ,mr4 ,p>k]1 t ! pr9ciple ( true fai? may be f\nd to coexi/ ) ! grosse/ & mo/ hide\s misconceptions ( ,god1 :ile ! abs5ce ( x may coexi/ ) ! true/ & mo/ elevat$ belief4 ,t1 ,i ?9k1 comes to mu* ! same z ,i said4 ,n[ ab\t ! latt] we h no dispute4 ,x is ! =m] t ,i want light ^u3 ! latt] only %[s t a belief1 :i* ought to be practical1 & if n practical is no?+1 is b a species ( hypocrisy2 &1 ( c\rse1 ,i h no?+ to say = x4 ,my uncle "h1 :o is /ill "o ( ! or?odox1 :o believes t an 'acceptable fai?' & a belief 9 ! div9ity ( a monkey or a cat are someh[ q incompatible1 w\ld be among ! fir/ to ackn[l$ge ! latt] position4 ,he w\ld say1 ',no d\bt !re has (t5 be5 su* a ?+ z dead or?odoxy1--a cre$ ( ! lett]1--a religion exclusively dep5d5t on logic1 & no?+ to d ) ! feel+'s2 --belief t is n sublimat$ into fai?2--a sy/em ( art]ies & ve9s infiltrat$ ) "s color$ sub/ance1 l ! specim5s 9 an anatomical museum1 b 9 :i* none ( ! lifeblood ( religion circulates4 ,b surely1' he w\ld say1 'x does n foll[1 t1 because !re has be5 belief )\t fai?1 !re is or c be any indep5d5t ( "s belief1 or an acceptable fai? )\t a true belief4' ,i affirm1 said ,fell[es1 t 'fai?' has no?+ to d ) ! intellect1 b is a /ate ( ! affections exclusively4 ,i affirm1 ) a rec5t acute writ]1 t !re is1 prop]ly speak+1 no belief at all t is di/+ui%able f reason4 ,= :at is meant by belief ( a proposition1 b ! receiv+ t proposition true ^u evid5ce1 f a suppos$ prepond]ance ( reasons 9 its favor8 ,n[1 :e!r t prepond]ance be a ton weight or a s+le gra91 d[n goes ! balance1 & reason z /rictly decides t x is to be receiv$ z if x 7 a ma!matical demon/ration4 ,if ! argum5ts1 :e!r ab/ract or o!rwise1 absolutely demon/rative or only probable1 are suppos$ to be exactly balanc$1 !re is no reason = decid+ 9 favor ( "o side m ?an ! o!r2 & !re is1 !re=e1 no belief1 = ! v reason t reason _c be ex]cis$4 ,v well inde$1 said ,h>r+ton1 s f> z x goes2 b ,i =?) see1 t1 s f> f d]iv+ any b5efit f ?is +5i\s reason+1 !re is no su* ?+ z ei!r fai? or belief3 belief & fai? h bo? vani%$ at ! same "t2 ! fir/ is resolv$ into reason1 & ! second becomes impossible4 ,belief may1 said ,fell[es1 b fai? nev]4 ,its div9e beauty is all ! bright]1 :5 happily divorc$ f logic & syllogisms1 its misalliance ) :i* c only be comp>$ to t cruel puni%m5t by :i* ! liv+ 0 *a9$ to ! dead4 ,say :at y w1 x /ill reigns & triumphs 9 ! s\l 9 spite ( all4 ,i am p]fectly conv9c$1 said ,h>r+ton1 t ! mod]n spirituali/ w n br+ 8 'fai?' into any ignom9i\s slav]y to intellect or syllogism4 ,b cle> up my d\bts if y c4 ,i "k t ! writ]s y are fond ( quot+ v g5]ally give an illu/ration ( ! nature ( fai? by po9t+ to ! +5u\s tru/ ( a *ild 9 ! wisdom & k9dness ( a p>5t4 ,!y d2 & is x n a beautiful illu/ration8 ,t is g5u9e fai? inde$6 ,i am will+ to take ! illu/ration4 ,! *ild has fai?1 we see1 9 8 fa!r's sup]ior wisdom & exp]i5c$ k9dness4 ,yes4 ,he believes !m1 !re=e4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,b belief is reason4 ,c]ta9ly2 b fai? is m ?an t4 ,no d\bt2 b he does believe ^! ?+s4 ,yes1 c]ta9ly4 ,& if he did n believe !m1 he w\ld cease to h fai?4 ,if1 = in/ance1 he be conv9c$ t 8 fa!r is mad1 or cruel1 or unju/1 ! /ate ( affections :i* y call fai? w dim9i%1 & at la/ cease4 ,p]haps s1 said ,fell[es4 ,p]haps s1 my fri5d6 ,i really _c receive y\r answ]1 because ,i am conv9c$ t x does n express y\r s5tim5ts4 ,well1 ,i believe t ! /ate ( affection :i* call 'fai?' w\ld be impossible "u su* circum/ances4 ,b belief is reason4 ,yes4 ,mu/ we n say1 !n1 t ! *ild's fai? dep5ds on ! condition ( 8 belief1 t is1 on 8 reason1 s t ! 'fai?' is possible :5 he believes & s long z he believes1 t 8 fa!r is wise & k9d1 b is impossible :5 he believes1 & z soon z he believes1 ! contr>y8 ,yes1 ,i admit t4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t fai? 9 ?is1--p]haps ! be/ illu/ration t c\ld be select$1--s f> f be+ a /ate ( ! affections exclusive ( ! intellect1 is n exclusive ( x1 b absolutely dep5d5t on x1 inasmu* z x is absolutely dep5d5t on belief1 & t is dep5d5t on reason4 ,x exi/s 9 connection ) x1 & is nev] indep5d5t ( x4 ,if ! contr>y be affirm$1 ,i d\bt :e!r !re c be any su* ?+ z 'fai?' 9 ! _w4 ,belief becomes reason1 & fai?1 hav+ no?+1 y say1 to d ) ! intellect1 becomes impossible4 ,b n[ let x be suppos$ 7z1 inde$1 ,i _c b suppose7 t "s belief1 t is1 reason1 enlight5$ or n 7g5]ally ! la/71 is involv$ 9 e act ( fai?2 y yet affirm mo/ di/9ctly t x is a /ate ( ! affections q unconnect$ ) ! tru? or falsehood ( any intellectual propositions4 ,i d4 ,x ought to foll[1 !n1 t x matt]s n :at is ! object ( belief1 provid$ !re is 'fai?'2 & ?is1 if y obs]ve3 is v mu* :at ! language ( ,mr4 ,newman w\ld imply1 :ile x is ! v ess5ce ( ,mr4 ,p>k]'s tea*+4 ,y mean ,fa!r ,newman1 p]haps8 ,:y no1 ,i did n2 b1 to tell y ! tru?4 ,i n[ mean ei!r2 !re n appe>+ to me mu* diff]5ce betwe5 !m 9 ?is respect4 ,:e!r y wor%ip an image ( a 'w9k+ virg91' or1 accord+ to ! o!r ,dromio1 ! 'ideal' ( an idolat]1--:e!r 7provid$ always x be ) s9c]ity & tru/67 y adore ! ,jehovah ( ! ,hebrews1 or '! image :i* fell d[n f ,jupit]1' ought to make1 ^u ?is !ory1 no great diff]5ce4 ,well1 9 :atev] difficulty ! controv]sy may involve u1 c we d5y ?is conclusion8 ,truly1 repli$ ,h>r+ton1 ,i ?9k x does n involve me 9 any difficulty2 x %[s me t1 if ?is be ! 'fai?' to :i* y atta* s mu* importance1 x really is n wor? ! p[d] & %ot t mu/ be exp5d$ 9 ! controv]sy4 ,= my own "p1 ,i d n hesitate to say t ,i w\ld r be absolutely de/itute ( 'fai?' altoge!r1 ?an ex]cise ! mo/ absolute fai? ev] be/[$ ^u a tawdry image ( ! ,virg91 or "s mis%ap5 bea/ ( an idol ( ,h9doo or ,hott5tot workman%ip4 ,ah6 my fri5d1 cri$ ,fell[es1 d n ?us blaspheme ! mo/ holy feel+s ( humanity1 h[ev] misappli$6 ,i d n conceive t ,i d1 9 decl>+ abhorr5ce & contempt ( su* p]v]sions ( 's5tim5t1' h[ev] 'holy' y may call !m4 ,hide\s z !y are1 h[ev]1 !y are less hide\s ?an ! half-l5g? apologies = !m on ! "p ( cultivat$ & civiliz$ human be+s1 l our 'spiritual' infidels4 ,y\r t5d]ness is ludicr\sly misplac$4 ,i wond] :e!r ! same apology w\ld ext5d to ^? ex]cises ( simple-m9d$ 'fai?' 9 :i* x is said t ! ,spani% & ,portuguese pirates sometimes indulg$1 :5 !y implor$ ! b5$iction ( _! sa9ts on _! pr$atory exp$itions6 ,& yet ,i see n h[ x c\ld be avoid$2 = ! exorbitancies ( ^! pirates 7 n m hateful to humanity ?an are ! rites practices1 & ! duties enjo9$1 by _m =ms ( religion4 ,:at delightful1 +5u\s 'fai?' & g5u9e 'simplicity' ( m9d did ^! pirates manife/6 ,h[ c y talk s1 :5 we make x a m>k ( a false revelation1 t x contradicts any intuition ( our moral nature8 ,!n cease to talk ( y\r 'absolute religion1' z capable 9 any way ( consecrat+ ! hateful =ms ( false & cruel sup]/ition = :i* y & ,mr4 ,p>k] condesc5d to be ! apologi/s4 ,! fanaticism ( su* pi\s & dev\t bea/s z ^? sa9t-lov+ pirates is n a m flagrant violation ( ! pr9ciple ( morality1 ?an ! acts :i* fl[ directly z ! imm$iate & natural expression ( ! inf9itely v>i$ b all-pollut+ =ms ( idolatry ) :i* y are pleas$ to id5tify y\r 'absolute religion1' & 9 all ( :i* y suppose an acceptable 'fai?' to be v possible4 ,y see h[ ,mr4 ,p>k] ext5ds ! apology to ! f\le/ sets ( 8 ,t>t> & ,calmuck sc\ndrels2 acts call$ murd]s 9 ! codes ( ,*ri/5dom & civilization1 b v>ni%$ ov] by ! beautiful 'fai?' :i* someh[ /ill lurks "u ! mo/ frightful practices ( a simple-m9d$ b>b>ian4 ,if ?is fai? w %elt] ! abom9ations ( a gross idolatry1 ,i see n :at else x may n sanctify4--,b1 9 fact1 nei!r 9 ! case ( idolat]s1 nor any o!r religioni/s1 is x true t 'fai?' is indep5d5t ( 'belief'2 9 ! case ( y\r ,calmuck1 = example1 ! 'belief' is vile1 & !re=e ! 'fai?' vile too2 fai? practical en\gh1 c]ta9ly1 b "o t z c]ta9ly does n '"w by love'2 & :i*1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld be well ex*ang$ = a dead or?odoxy1 or any ?+ else4 ,x is n difficult to see ! s\rce ( ! fallacy into :i* ,mr4 ,fell[es _h fall54 ,x lies 9 ! attempt to make a di/9ction 9 fact1 z well z 9 !ory1 betwe5 ! intellectual & emotional p>ts ( our nature4 ,x is v well = ! spiritual & m5tal analy/ to consid] sep>ately ! sev]al pr9ciples :i* con/itute humanity1 & :i* act1 & react1 & int]act1 9 endless involution4 ,t !re may be acts ( belief t t]m9ate *iefly 9 ! intellect1 & may be :olly wor?less1 :o d5ies8 ,! drunk>d1 = example1 may admit t sobriety is a duty2 b yet1 if he gets drunk e night ( 8 life1 we %all1 ( c\rse1 ?9k little ( t act ( belief1--( 8 daily repetition ( moral or?odoxy4 ,9 ! same mann]1 a man may admit t x is 8 duty to ex]cise implicit love1 gratitude1 & ob$i5ce t[>ds ! great object ( wor%ip2 b if 8 habitual conduct %[s t he has no ?\ght ( act+ 9 accordance ) ?is maxim1 he mu/ be reg>d$1 9 spite ( ! or?odoxy ( 8 speculative cre$1 z no bett] ?an a hea!n2 or worse4 ,b ?\gh x is v possible t a true belief may n involve true fai?1 does ! conv]se foll[1--t !re=e true fai? is ess5tially diff]5t f x1 & indep5d5t ( x8 ,all hi/ory %[s1 t :5 religion is practical at all1--t is1 issues 9 fai?1--su* fai? is z ! tru? or falsehood believ$2 ! emotional & active conditions ( ! s\l are color$1 z usual1 by k & intellect4 ,^!1 aga91 are n indep5d5t ( ! w & ! affections1 z we all famili>ly "k4 ,& h5ce ! fallacy ( suppos+ t no man is to be ?\ght bett] or worse = 8 intellectual cre$4 ,8 cre$ may be 8 crime2 & surely none ought to see ?is m cle>ly ?an ! writ]s :o d5y x2 = :y _! et]nal invectives aga9/ dogmas1--& especially ! tol]ably univ]sal dogmas t m5 are responsible = ! =mation ( _! op9ions1--except ^u ! supposition t m5 are responsible = fram+ & ma9ta9+ !m8 ,if !y are n1 m5 %\ld be left alone2 if !y are1 !y are to be ?\ght ( z worse & bett] = _! intellectual cre$4 ,be=e ! conclusion ( ! conv]sation1 ,mr4 ,fell[es ask$ me = my op9ion4 ,if1 said ,i1 fai? be def9$ indep5d5t ( an act ( intellect1 !n ,i ?9k1 ) our sceptical fri5d "h1 !re c be no su* ?+ at all4 ,= ,i nei!r "k nor c conceive ( any su* unreasonable ex]cise ( ! emotions or affections4 ,if x be meant1 on ! o!r h&1 t1 ?\gh "s act ( ! intellect be inde$ uni=mly involv$1 yet t x matt]s n :at x is1 & t fai? does n take its complexion1 z ( moral value1 f x1 !n ,i also ?9k1 ) ,h>r+ton1 t x is impossible to d5y t su* a doctr9e w sanctify any sort ( wor%ip1 & any sort ( deity1 provid$ m5 be s9c]e2 are y prep>$ to cont5d = mu*8 ,mr4 ,fell[es put an adroit objection "h4 ,:y1 said he1 y w n d5y1 surely1 t ev5 ,scripture (t5 comm5ds1 z good1 a fai? :i* is f\nd$ on a v imp]fect conception ( ! spiritual realities to :i* x is direct$8 ,x is +5i\sly put1 ,i admit4 ,i grant t !re are "h1 z 9 s _m o!r cases1 limits :i*1 ?\gh x may n be v easy to assign !m1 z pla9ly exi/4 ,b t does n answ] my "q4 ,i want to "k :e!r ! pr9ciple is to be appli$ )\t limits at all1 z y\r speculative !ory dem&s8 ,9 o!r words1 w x or n sanctify acts ( ! mo/ degrad+ & p]nici\s idolatry1 ( ! mo/ debas+ sup]/ition1 because alli$ to t /ate ( ! affections 9 :i* y make ! ess5ce ( fai? consi/8 ,if x w n1 !n y\r objection to me is no?+2 x m]ely asks me to assign limits )9 :i* ! ex]cise ( ! affection 9 "q may be acceptable1 or almo/ equally acceptable1 9 cases ( a p>tially enlight5$ und]/&+4 ,if x w1 !n x leaves y op51 z ,i conceive1 & fairly op51 to all ! objections :i* h be5 s brusquely urg$ aga9/ y by y\r fri5d1 9 ^: indignant prote/ aga9/ ! dete/able apologies = ! l[e/ =ms ( religi\s degradation1 9 :i* s _m 'spiritual' writ]s indulge1 ,i = "o he>tily sympa?ize4 ,i v5tur$ to add1 t ! acc\nt ( fai? z a /ate ( ! emotions exclusively1 giv5 by "s ( 8 favorite writ]s1 is p]fectly arbitr>y4 ,belief1 say !y1 is :olly intellectual3 fai? is :olly moral4 ,n[ x w\ld be ( v little consequ5ce1 if ! t]ms be g5]ally s und]/ood1 :e!r !y be s us$ or n2 m5 w\ld1 9 t case1 suppose t fai?1 ?us re/rict$1 implies a previ\s process ( m9d :i* is to be call$ exclusively belief4 ,i add$1 h[ev]1 t ,i did n believe t ! ^w fai? 0 ev] ?us und]/ood 9 popul> use2 b t1 on ! contr>y1 x 0 employ$ to imply belief f\nd$ on k1 or suppos$ k1 &1 :]e ! belief 01 9 its v nature1 practical1 or involv$ emotion1 a conduct & a /ate ( ! affections correspond+ !reto4 ,b ?is1 said ,i1 m]ely respects ! ,popul> use ( ! words1 & if is h>dly wor? :ile to prolong discussion on x4 ,z to ! reason+ :i* w\ld %[ t belief does n prop]ly exi/ at all1 because x may be all resolv$ into reason1 f\nd$ on ! prepond]ance ( evid5ce1 :]e x does n matt] :e!r t prepond]ance be a ton or a scruple1--surely x is ov]-ref9$4 ,m5 w always feel t !re is a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! /ates ( m9d 9 :i* !y ass5t to a proposition ( :i* !y h no m d\bt ?an !y h ( _! own exi/5ce1 or to a proposition 9 ! ma!matics1 & to "o 9 :i* !y feel t only a few gra9s turn ! scale4 ,to ?is consci\s diff]5ce 9 ! condition ( m9d1 !y h giv5 7& ,i suppose w n give7 v diff]5t names2 & ?\gh !y w cont9ue to say t !y believe t two & two make f\r1 b t !y "k x1 !y w say t !y believe t !y w die be=e ! end ( ! c5tury1 ?\gh !y w n say t !y "k t4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! c]ta9 & ! probable is felt to be f> too important n to be m>k$ by correspond+ v>ieties ( spee*2 & spee* has made !m accord+4 ,july #aj4 ,?is morn+ ,h>r+ton fulfill$ 8 promise ( acqua9t+ me ) a few ( ! reasons :i* prev5t$ 8 tak+ refuge 9 ! half-way h\ses betwe5 ! ,bible & ,religi\s ,scepticism4 ,mr4 ,fell[es 0 an att5tive li/5]4 ,h>r+ton _h entitl$ 8 pap]1-- ,,reasons ,,= ,,decl9+ ,,! ,,via ,,m$ia ,,betwe5 ,,reveal$ ,,religion ,,& ,,a!ism--,,or ,,scepticism ,,) ,,special ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,! ,,!ories ,,( ,,mr4 ,,!odore ,,p>k] ,,& ,,mr4 ,,francis ,,newman4 ,i %all be brief2 n be+ solicit\s to sugge/ d\bts to o!rs1 b m]ely to ju/ify my own4 ,bo? ,mr4 ,p>k] & ,mr4 ,newman make !mselves v m]ry ) a book-revelation1 z !y call x2 & if !y _h giv5 any ?+ bett]1--m rational or m c]ta9 ?an ! ,bible1--h[ gladly c\ld ,i h jo9$ 9 ! ridicule6 ,z x is1 ,i d\bt ! solidity ( ! !ories !y support1 & h>dly d\bt t1 if ! pr9ciples on :i* !y reject ! ,bible be s\nd1 !y ought to g mu* f>!r4 ,bo? affirm ! absurdity ( a special ext]nal revelation to man2 bo?1 t ! f\nta9 ( spiritual illum9ation is exclusively f )91 & n f )\t4 ,a few brief citations w set ?is po9t 9 a cle> light4 ,religion itself4 says ,mr4 ,p>k]1 mu/ be ! same ?+ 9 ea* man2 n a simil> ?+1 b j ! same2 diff]+ only 9 degree499 ,! ,idea ( ,god1 z a fact giv5 9 man's nature1 is p]man5t & alike 9 all2 :ile ! s5tim5t ( ,god1 ?\gh vague & my/]i\s1 is always ! same 9 itself4 7ibid4 p4 #ba7--,( c\rse1 !n1 !re is no diff]5ce b ( words betwe5 reveal$ ,religion & natural ,religion2 = all actual ,religion is reveal$ 9 u1 or x c\ld n be felt4 7ibid4 p4 #cc74 ,! ,absolute ,religion1 :i* he affirms to be univ]sally kn[n1 he def9es z ,volunt>y ,ob$i5ce to ! ,law ( ,god1--inw>d & outw>d ,ob$i5ce to t law he has writt5 on our nature1 reveal$ 9 v>i\s ways ?r\gh ,in/9ct1 ,reason1 ,consci5ce1 & ! ,religi\s ,s5tim5t4 7ibid4 p4 #cd74 ,simil>ly1 ,mr4 ,newman says1 ,:at ,god reveals to u he reveals )91 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our moral & spiritual s5ses4 7,s\l1 p4 #ei7 ,*ri/ianity itself has practically confess$1 :at is !oretically cle>1--y mu/ take 8 ^w = bo?1--t an au?oritative ext]nal revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? is ess5tially impossible to man4 7,s\l1 p4 #ei7 ,no book-revelation c 7)\t sapp+ its own p$e/al7 au?oritatively dictate laws ( human virtue1 or alt] our a priori view ( ! ,div9e "*4 7,ibid4 p4 #eh7 ---- 99 ,disc\rses ( ,matt]s p]ta9+ to ,religion1 p4 #cf4 ---- ,happy race ( m51 "o is ready to exclaim1 ) ?is ,idea ( ,god1 "o & ! same 9 all2 ?is ,absolute ,religion1 :i* is also univ]sal2 ?is int]nal revelation1 :i* sup]s$es1 by anticipat+1 all possible disclosures ( an ext]nal revelation1 & r5d]s x an imp]t95ce4 ,m5 9 all ages & nations mu/ exhibit a delightful unanimity 9 _! religi\s notions1 s5tim5ts1 & practices6 ,!y w\ld d s1 cries ,mr4 ,p>k]2 b unhappily1 ?\gh ! idea ( ,god is "o & ! same1 & p]fect 9 all :5 ! prop] conditions are compli$ )1 yet practically1 if1 9 ! majority ( ^! prop] conditions are n obs]v$2 7,disc\rses1 p4 #ai7 ! conception1 :i* m5 univ]sally =m ( ,god is always imp]fect1 sometimes self-contradictory & impossible2 ! primitive simplicity & beauty ( ! idea are lo/4 ,& ?us x is1 he tells u1 t1 ow+ to ?is awkw>d conceptions ! va/ majority ( ! human race h be51 & are1 & = ages w be1 sunk 9 ! grosse/ ,feti*ism1--,poly!ism1--& e =m ( absurd & mis%ap5 ,mono!ism2--! horrors ( all :i* he proce$s fai?fully1 b n too fai?fully1 to describe1 & sometimes1 :5 he is 9 ! mood1 to s(t5 & ext5uate2 9 ord] t he may f9d t ! grim ,calmuck1 & ev5 ! savage1 ^: h&s are sme>$ ov] ) ! blood ( human sacrifices1 are yet 9 possession ( ! absolute ,idea & ! absolute religion4 ,& :at mu/ we inf] f ,mr4 ,newman8 ,! unanimity anticipat$ w\ld1 d\btless1 be obta9$1 only t1 un=tunately1 !re are v>i\s pr9ciples ( man's nature :i* trav]se ! legitimate action & imp$e ! due developm5t ( ! spiritual faculty2 & s man is apt to w&] into a v>iety ( ^? degrad$ types ( religi\s developm5t1 :i* ! d>k panorama ( ?is _w's religions has ev] pres5t$ to u1 & pres5ts /ill4 ,awe1 wond]1 admiration1 s5se ( ord]1 s5se ( design1 may all mislead ! unhappy spiritual faculty into quagmires2 &1 9 po9t ( fact1 h :e$l$ & corrupt$ x t5 ?\s& times m frequ5tly ?an x has hall[$ !m4 ,?is all hi/ory1 pa/ & pres5t1 %[s4 ,x is c]ta9ly un=tunate1 & z my/]i\s1 t ^? unlucky conceptions ( ,god %\ld h ! be/ ( x1--or r1 t ! idea ( ,god %\ld h ! wor/ ( x2 nor less s t ,awe1 ,rev]5ce1 & s =?1 %\ld ?us put ! spiritual faculty s hopelessly hors de combat4 ,nev]!less1 two que/ions naturally sugge/ !mselves4 ,s9ce ! de/ructive conceptions h almo/ ev]y:]e impair$ ! ,idea1 & ! degrad$ types s$uc$ ! spiritual faculty1--#a/4 ,:at pro( h we t man has an orig9al & univ]sal f\nta9 ( spiritual illum9ation 9 himself8 & #b;dly4 ,if he h1 b "u su* circum/ances1 is its utility s unque/ionable t no space is left = ! (fices ( an ext]nal revelation8 ,fir/4 ,:at is ! evid5ce ( ! uni=m exi/5ce 9 man ( any su* def9ite faculty8 ,:5 we say t any pr9ciple or faculty is common to ! :ole species1 d we n make ! pro( ( ?is dep5d ^u ! uni=mity ( ! ph5om5a :i* exhibit x8 ,:5 we say1 = example1 t hung] & ?ir/ are univ]sal appetites1 is x n because we f9d !m univ]sal8 or if we say t ! s5ses ( sight & he>+ are *>act]i/ic ( ! race1 d we n cont5d t ^! are s1 because we f9d !m uni=m 9 su* an imm5se v>iety ( in/ances1 t ! exceptions are n wor? reckon+8 ,if m5 sometimes saw black :]e o!rs saw :ite1 "s objects rectil9e> :i* o!rs saw curv$1 objects small :i* o!rs saw l>ge1--nay1 ! v same m5 at diff]5t times see+ ! same objects diff]5tly color$1 & ( v>y+ =ms & attitudes1 & e second man almo/ /one-bl9d into ! b>ga91--,i r ?9k t1 in/ead ( say+ m5 7 end[$ ) "o & ! same p[] ( vision1 we %\ld say t our nature exhibit$ only an imp]fect & rudim5t>y t5d5cy t[>ds s desirable a faculty2 b t a cle>1 uni=m1 faculty ( vision !re c]ta9ly 0 n4 ,z ,i gaze ^u ! spectacle ( ! inf9ite div]sities ( religion1 :i* v>iegate1 b1 alas6 d n beautify ! :at is !re to rem9d me ( e uni=mity ( :i* ,i d see ! indelible traces 9 e faculty really *>act]i/ic ( our nature2 z1 = example1 our s5ses & our appetites8 ,p[]fully does ,hume urge ?is argum5t 9 8--,natural ,hi/ory ( ,religions4 7,introduction7 ,i h my d\bts--admire ! mode/y ( a sceptic--:e!r ! entire ph5om5a ( religion d n favor ! conclusion1 t man1 9 ?is respect1 only ! traces ( an imp]fect1 truncat$ creature2 t1 he is 9 ! pr$icam5t ( ! half-creat$ lion s graphically describ$ by ,milton3-- ,n[ half appe>$ ,! tawny lion1 paw+s to get free ,8 h9d] p>ts2 only1 un=tunately1 man's h9d] p>ts--8 l[] nature--h come up fir/1 & appe>1 unhappily1 prom95t2 :ile 8 nobl] moral & spiritual faculties /ill seem /uck 9 ! du/6 ,!re is1 inde$1 ano!r hypo!sis1 :i* squ>es1 p]haps1 equally well ) ! ph5om5a1--,i mean t ( ! ,bible3--t man is n 9 8 orig9al /ate2 t ! religions con/itution ( 8 nature1 9 "s way or o!r1 has receiv$ a %ock4 ,b ei!r ?is1 or ! supposition t man has be5 insuffici5tly equipp$ = ! uni=m elim9ation ( religi\s tru?1 is1 ,i ?9k1 alone 9 h>mony ) ! facts2 & to ^? facts1 pat5t on ! page ( ! :ole _w's hi/ory1 ,i appeal = pro( t man has n on ^! highe/ subjects1 ! c]titude ( any int]nal revelation1 m>k$ by ! remote/ analogy to ^? o!r und\bt$ pr9ciples & faculties :i* exhibit !mselves ) und5iable uni=mity4 ,x w p]haps be said1 t ! spiritual ph5om5a are n s uni=m z ^? ( s5se1--z ,mr4 ,p>k] & ,mr4 ,newman bo? abundantly admit1--b t !re is an approximate uni=mity4 ,& y mu/ seek x1 says ,mr4 ,p>k]1 9 ! ,absolute ,religion :i* animates e =m ( religion1 & is equally f\nd 9 all4 ,i "k ! *att]s ab\t ?is incessantly2 b :5 ,i attempt ?us to hunt ! "o 9 ! _m1 z ,plato w\ld call x4--to seek ! elusive unity 9 ! inf9ite multi=m1--to discov] :at x is :i* equally embalms all =ms1 f ! ,*ri/ianity ( ,paul to ! religion ( ! grim ,calmuck1 ,i ackn[l$ge myself z mu* at loss z ,m>t9us 9 endeavor+ to cat* ! ab/raction ( a ,"l ,mayor2 ,mr4 ,p>k]1 on ! o!r h&1 is l ,crambe1 ,:o1 to %[ 8 acut5ess1 swore t he c\ld =m an ab/raction ( a ,"l ,mayor1 n only )\t 8 horse1 g[n1 & gold *a91 b ev5 )\t /ature1 feature1 color1 h&s1 head1 feet1 or any body1 :i* he suppos$ 0 ! ab/ract ( a ,"l ,mayor4 ,or if x be va9 to attempt to ab/ract ?is ,absolute ,religion f all religions1 z ,mr4 ,p>k] inde$ admits1--?\gh x is truly 9 !m1--& ,i take 8 def9ition f 8 direct consci\sness1 --:i* direct consci\sness we c see has be5 directly affect$ by 8 abjur$ ,bible1--namely1 t x is volunt>y ob$i5ce to w ( ,god1 outw>d & inw>d1--:y1 :at on e>? does ?is vague g5]ality d = u8 ,:at ( ,god8 ,is he or x "o or _m8 ( inf9ite attributes or f9ite8 ( goodness & m]cy equal to 8 p[]1 or n8 ,:at is 8 w8 ,h[ is he to be wor%ipp$8 ,h we (f5d$ him8 ,is he placable or n8 ,is he to be approa*$ only ?r\gh a m$iator ( "s k9d1 z ne>ly all mank9d h believe b :i* ,mr4 ,p>k] d5ies1--a que] pro(1 by ! way1 ( ! cle>ness ( ! int]nal oracle1 if he be "r1--or is he to be approa*$1 z ,mr4 ,p>k] believes1 & ,mr4 ,newman ) him1 )\t any m$iator at all8 ,is x true t man is immortal1 & kn[s x by imm$iate insight1 z ,mr4 ,p>k] cont5ds1 or does ! said insight1 z ,mr4 ,newman believes1 tell u no?+ ab\t ! matt]8 ,surely ! ,absolute ,religion1 aft] hav+ remov$ f x all 9 :i* diff]5t religions diff]1 is 9 dang] ( vani%+ t imp]fect susceptibility ( "s religion1 :i* ,i h already conc$$1 & :i* is c]ta9ly n su* a ?+ z to r5d] an ext]nal revelation v obvi\sly sup]flu\s4 ,x may be summ$ up 9 "o imp]fect article4 ,all m5 & ea* may say1 ,i believe !re is "s be+1 sup]ior 9 "s respects to man1 :om x is my duty or my int]e/ to--cael]a desunt4 ,to affirm t e man has ?is ,absolute ,religion )\t ext]nal revelation is mu* z if a man 7 to say t we h an ,absolute ,philosophy on ! same t]ms1 9 virtue ( man's hav+ faculties :i* prompt him to philosophize 9 "s way4 ,all religions conta9 ! ,absolute ,religion1 says ,mr4 ,p>k]3 ,j1 ,i reply1 z all philosophies conta9 ! absolute philosophy4 ,! philosophy ( ,plato1 ( ,ari/otle ( ,bacon1 ( ,locke1 ( ,leibnitz1 ( ,reid1 are all philosophies1 no d\bt2 b t is all t is to be said4 ,ev5 contr>ies mu/ resemble "o ano!r 9 "o po9t1 or !y c\ld n be contra/$4 ,9 tru?1 !re is1 ,i ?9k1 a /rik+ analogy betwe5 man's spiritual & intellectual condition2 only 8 intellect is a little less v>iable ?an 8 spiritual faculty2 f> m s1 h[ev]1 ?an 8 s5ses4 ,8 animal nature is m def9$ ?an 8 intellectual1 8 intellectual ?an 8 spiritual & moral4 ,all ! ph5om5a po9t ei!r to an imp]fect organization ( 8 nobl] faculties1 or to ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall4 ,b fur!r1 surely if ?is int]nal oracle exi/s 9 man1 e s9c]e & e>ne/ s\l1 on int]rogat+ 8 consci\sness1 w\ld he> ! indubitable response1--w\ld enjoy ! beatific vision ( spiritual insight4 ,if ?is be ass]t$1 ,i = "o h to say to ?is repres5tation1 t1 s f> z my own consci\sness in=ms me1 ,i h hone/ly1 s9c]ely1 & ) utmo/ dilig5ce1 int]rogat$ my _s2 & ,i solemnly prote/1 t1 ap>t f ^? ext]nal influ5ces & t ext]nal in/ruction :i* ! revelation f )9 is suppos$ to anticipate & sup]s$e1 ,i am n consci\s t ,i %\ld h any ( ! s5tim5ts :i* ei!r ( ^! writ]s make ! sum ( religion4 ,ev5 z to t fundam5tal position1--! exi/5ce ( a ,be+ ( unlimit$ p[] & wisdom1 7z to 8 unlimit$ goodness1 ,i believe no?+ b an ext]nal revelation c absolutely c]tify u17 ,i feel t ,i am mu* m indebt$ to ^? influ5ces f design1 :i* ^! writ]s made s light (1 ?an to any cle>ness 9 ! imp]fect intuition3 = if ,i f\nd--& surely ?is is ! true te/--! traces ( design less conspicu\s 9 ! ext]nal _w1 confusion !re1 z 9 ! moral & 9 bo? great] ?an is n[ f\nd 9 ei!r2 ,i extremely d\bt :e!r ! fa9te/ surmise ( su* a ,be+ w\ld h sugge/$ itself to me4 ,b be t z x may2 z to _! o!r c>d9al s5tim5ts1--! nature ( my relations to ?is ,be+1--8 placability2 if (f5d$1 --! t]ms ( =giv5ess1 if any1--:e!r1 z ^! g5tlem5 affirm1 he is accessible to all1 )\t any atonem5t or m$iator2--z to all ?is1 ,i solemnly decl>e1 t1 ap>t f ext]nal in/ruction2 ,i _c by int]rogat+ my rack$ _s1 cat* ev5 a murmur4 ,t x mu/ be fa9t1 inde$1 9 o!r m51 s fa9t z to r5d] ! pret5sions ( ! c]titude ( ! int]nal revelation1 & its indep5d5ce ( all ext]nal revelation1 p]fectly prepo/]\s1 ,i inf] f ?is1--t !y h1 = ! mo/ "p1 arriv$ at diametrically opposite conclusions f ^? ( ^! int]pret]s ( ! spiritual revelation4 ,z to ! articles1 inde$2 ( man's immortality & a future /ate1 x w\ld be truly difficult = my spiritual insight to v]ify !irs2 =1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,p>k]1 8 insight affirms t man is immortal1 & ,mr4 ,newman's insight decl>es no?+ ab\t ! matt]6 ,nor is my consci\sness1 s f> z ,i c trace x1 m9e only4 ,?is pa9ful unc]ta9ty has be5 ! confession ( multitudes ( f> great] m9ds2 !y h be5 s f> f cont5d+ t we h naturally a cle> utt]ance on ^! great que/ions1 t !y h ackn[l$g$ ! necessity ( an ext]nal revelation2 & mank9d 9 g5]al1 s f> f ?9k+ or feel+ su* light sup]flu\s1 h be5 con/antly gasp+ aft] x1 & adopt$ almo/ any ?+ t b bore ! "n4 ,:at1 !n1 am ,i to ?9k ( ?is all-suffici5t revelation f )98 ,!re is1 inde$1 an amus+ answ] ( ,mr4 ,newman's to ! difficulty3 b !n x =mally surr5d]s ! :ole argum5t4 ,he says to ^? :o say !y are unconsci\s ( ^? facts ( spiritual pa?ology :i* he describes 9 8 "w on ! ,s\l1 t ! consci\sness ( ! spiritual man is n ! less true1 t ! unspiritual man is n privy to x2 & ?is mo/ dev\t g5tleman some:]e quotes1 ) mu* unction1 ! words1 ,= ! spiritual man judge? all ?+s1 b himself is judg$ ( no man4 ,i %all be curi\s to "k1 said ,i1 int]rupt+ him1 :at y w reply to t argum5t8 ,reply to x1 said he1 eag]ly2 does x require any reply8--,h[ev]1 ,i w read :at ,i h writt54 ,is x n pla91 t :ile ,mr4 ,newman is pr(ess$ly anatomiz+ ! spiritual nature ( man1 z man1--! functions & revelations ( t inw>d oracle :i* sup]s$es & anticipates all ext]nal revelations--he is1 9 fact1 anatomiz+ 8 own8 ,:at title has he1 :5 av[$ly expla9+ ! ph5om5a ( ! religi\s faculty :i* he ass]ts to be inh]5t 9 humanity1--?\gh h[ !y %\ld ne$ expla9+1 if 8 !ory be true1 ,i "k n1--:at title has he1 :5 m5 d5y t !y are consci\s ( ! facts he describes1 to raise refuge 9 8 own private revelations1 & t ( ! few ^: privilege x is to be born aga9 by a my/]i\s law :i* he says x is impossible = u to inve/igate8 ,we _c pret5d1 he says1 to s\nd ! my/]y :5ce comes ! new bir?1 9 c]ta9 s\ls4 ,to reply1 ',! ,_s bl[e? :]e ,he li/e?1' confesses ! my/]y1 & decl9es to expla9 x4 ,b x is evid5t t individuals 9 ,greece1 9 ! ?ird c5tury be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 7 already mov+ t[>ds an intellig5t he>t-wor%ip or _h ev5 begun to practise x6 7,s\l1 p4#fd7 ,high "t1 ,i ?9k1 t aft] "s ?\s&s ( ye>s "s few individuals %\ld beg9 to manife/ ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]sal revelation f )91 if su* a ?+ be6 ,?is is n to del9eate ! religions nature ( humanity1 b to reveal--yes1 & to reveal ext]nally--! religi\s nature ( ! elect few1--& few !y are inde$1--:o1 by a my/]i\s infidel ,calv9ism1 are p]mitt$ to atta91 by direct intuition1 & indep5d5t ( all ext]nal revelation1 ! true s5tim5ts & exp]i5ces ( spiritual insight4 ,x ?is be ,mr4 ,newman's solution ( our difficulties1 x is utt]ly nugatory4 ,x is n to dissect ! s\l1 its sorr[s & aspirations2 x is m]ely to give u ! pa?ology--p]haps ! morbid pa?ology--( ,mr4 ,newman's s\l2 its sorr[s & its aspirations4 ,if ! answ] m]ely respect$ ! practical value ( a !ory ( spiritual s5tim5ts1 :i* all ackn[l$g$1 !n ,mr4 ,newman's answ] might h "s =ce2 = c]ta9ly1 only he :o r$uc$ t !ory to practice1 or attempt$ to d s1 w\ld h a "r to conclude aga9/ ! exp]i5ce ( him :o did4 ,b x is obvi\s t ! "q affects ! !ory itself1 & especially ! consci\sness ( ^? t]ms ( possible communion ) ,god1 ^? relations ( ! s\l to him1 on ! reception ( :i* all ! said spiritual exp]i5ce mu/ dep5d4 ,h[1 !n1 /&s ! argum5t8 ,i ask h[ ,i %all "k ! intimation ( ! spiritual faculty1 :i* r5d]s all ext]nal revelation an imp]t95ce8 ,i am told1 ) delici\s vagu5ess1 t ,i mu/ gaze on ! ph5om5a ( spiritual consci\sness2 ,i say ,i ex]cise e>ne/ & s9c]e self-scrut9y1 & t ,i c disc]n no?+ b %ad[y =ms1 mo/ ( :i* d n answ] to ^? :i* ^! new spirituali/s describe2 & !n ,mr4 ,newman turns r\nd & says1 t ! unspiritual nature _c disc]n !m6 ,:at is ?is b to give up ! only "q ( any importance to humanity1--:i* is n :at are ,mr4 ,newman's spiritual ph5om5a2 if !y are kn[n to himself1 x is well2 he has be5 v long 9 discov]+ !m1 9 spite ( ! cle>ness ( ! int]nal revelation2--b :at are ^? ( man8 ,9 ! =m] be all1 ,mr4 ,newman is safe inde$2 he is intr5*$ 9 8 own peculi> consci\sness1 ( :i* ,i am q will+ to admit t all o!r m5 7z well z ,i7 are inadequate judges4 ,b ! monograph ( a solit>y en?usia/ is ( ! lea/ possible consequ5ce to humanity4 ,= reasons simil> to ^? :i* r5d] u incompet5t to pron\nce on 8 exp]i5ce1 he is incapable ( judg+ ( ours4 ,!re is only "o o!r answ] t ,i "k (1 & t is ! answ] :i* ,fell[es made to me ! o!r day1 :5 y 7 n by3--,o1 b y h ! same spiritual consci\sness z ,i h1 only y are n aw>e ( x8 ,i cont5t$ myself ) say+1 t ,i 0 j z able to compreh5d a p]ception :i* is n p]ceiv$1 z a consci\sness :i* :5 s\ght 0 n to be f\nd4 ,! "q is "o ( consci\sness2 y say y h x1 ,i d n d5y x2 ,i h x n4 ,n[1 if we are n disput+ z to :e!r x be a *>act]i/ic ( humanity1 x little matt]s3 if we are1 ,i pla9ly h ! be/ ( x1 because want ( uni=mity 9 ! ph5om5on is de/ructive ( ! hypo!sis4 ,b ,i proce$ to ask my second "q4 ,is ! absolute religion ( ,mr4 ,p>k]1 or ! spiritual faculty ( ,mr4 ,newman1 ( su* s+ul> use z to sup]s$e all ext]nal revelation1 s9ce by ! un=tunate conceptions ( ! "o1 & ! degrad$ types ( ! o!r1 x has = ages left man1 & does1 9 fact1 n[ leave him1 to wall[ 9 ! l[e/ dep?s ( ! mo/ debas+ idolatry & sup]/ition2 s9ce1 by ! confession ( ^! v writ]s1 ! great bulk ( mank9d h be5 & are hide\sly mal-=m$1 9 fact1 spiritual cripples1 & h be5 left to w&] 9 inf9itely v>i$ pa?s ( error1 b always pa?s ( error8--= ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh bett] =ms1 are1 z well z o!r =ms1 --accord+ to ^! writ]s1--full ( fables & fancies1 ( ly+ leg5ds & fanta/ical doctr9es4 ,?9k = a mom5t ( a spiritual faculty1 s bright z to anticipate all ess5tial spiritual v]ities1 --! univ]sal possession ( humanity1--:i* yet t]m9ates 9 leav+ ! said humanity to grovel 9 e =m ( error1 betwe5 ! extremes ( ,feti*ism1 :i* consecrates a bit ( /one1 & ,pan!ism1 :i* consecrates all ! bits ( /one 9 ! univ]se1 9 fact1 a sort ( compreh5sive ,feti*ism2--:i* leaves man to erect e ?+ into a ,god1 provid$ x is none1--sun1 moon1 />s1 a cat1 a monkey1 an onion1 unc\? idols1 sculptur$ m>ble2 nay1 a %apeless trunk1--:i* ! dev\t impati5ce ( ! idolat] does n /ay to fa%ion into ! lik5ess ( a man1 b gives x its apo!osis at once6 ,?9k ( ! v5]able1 wide-spread empire ( ! inf9ite =ms ( poly!ism1 ! anci5t ,egyptian1 ,greek1 ,roman1 ,*9ese1 & ,h9doo my?ologies2 & !n ackn[l$ge1 t1 if man has ?is faculty1 x is ei!r ! mo/ idle pr]ogative ev] be/[$ on a rational creature1 or t1 someh[ or o!r1 z ! ,bible affirms1 x has be5 d5aturaliz$ & disabl$4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 man has ?is faculty1 & yet has nev] fall51 x c only be because he nev] /ood2 & !n1 no d\bt1 z ,john ,bunyan ha? x1 ,he t is d[n ne$ fe> no fall6 ,!re is an answ]1 inde$1 b x is "o :i*1 9 my judgm5t1 cov]s ^? :o resort to x ) ! deepe/ %ame4 ,x is t :i* apologizes = all ^! abom9ations1--s humiliat+ & odi\s1 by repres5t+ !m z less humiliat+ & odi\s ?an !y are4 ,x is true t ,mr4 ,p>k]1 :5 x is 8 cue1 is mo/ eloqu5t 9 8 d5unciations ( ! inf9ite mis]ies & degradation :i* h foll[$ ! exorbitancies ( ! religi\s pr9ciple4 ,?us he says ( sup]/ition 7& !re are o!r innum]able passages to a simil> effect71 ,to dismemb] ! s\l1 ! v image ( ,god1--to lop (f ! mo/ sacr$ affections1--to call ,reason a li>1 ,consci5ce a devil's oracle1 & ca/ ,love clean out f ! he>t1--?is is ! la/ triumph ( sup]/ition1 b "o (t5 witness$ 9 all ! ?ree =ms ( ,religion1 ,feti*ism1 ,poly!ism1 ,mono!ism2 9 all ages be=e ,*ri/1 9 all ages aft] ,*ri/4 ,f> be x f me to d5y x1 or ! simil> horrors :i* he lib]ally %[s fl[ f fanaticism4 ,b !n1 at o!r times1 t qu9tess5ce ( all ab/ractions :i* all religions alike conta9--! absolute religion--imp>ts su* p]fume & appetiz+ reli% to ! :ole composition1 t1 l ,dom9ie ,sampson 9 ,meg ,m]rilies's cuis9e1 ,mr4 ,p4 f9ds ! ,devil's cook]y-book n despicable4 ,! ?+s he s fe>fully describes are b p]v]sions ( :at is ess5tially good4 ,! =ms1 ! accid5tals1 ( diff]5t religions become ( little consequ5ce2 :e!r x be ,jehovah or ,jupit]1 ! inf9ite ,creator or a div9e cat1 a holy & graci\s ,god t is lov$1 or an impure demon t is fe>$1--all ?is is second>y1 provid$ ! pr9ciples ( fai?1 simplicity1 & e>ne/ness--t is1 bl9d cr$ulity & idiotic /upidity--inspire ! wret*$ vot>y2 z if ! p]v]sions he deplores & condemns 7 n ! necess>y consequ5ces ( su* religions !mselves1 or1 r1 z if !y 7 aught b ! religions6 ,9 virtue ( ! absolute religion1 _m a savage sme>$ ) human sacrifice1 & ! ,*ri/ian m>tyr p]i%+ ) a pray] = 8 p]secutors1 are ha/5+ toge!r to ! cele/ial banquet4 ,i hope ! savage w n g ) unwa%5 h&s1 ,i tru/ he may be ,ph>isee en\gh = t2 ,i also hope ! two w n sit next "o ano!r2 o!rwise ! savage may be tempt$ to (f] up a second sacrifice1 & ! ,*ri/ian m>tyr be a m>tyr a second "t4 ,he> him3--,he t wor%ips truly1 by :atev] =m1--t is1 :o is s9c]e 9 8 ,feti*ism1 8 idolatry1 8 sacrifices1 ?\gh !y may be human1 --wor%ips ! only ,god2 he he>s ! pray]1 :e!r call$ ,brahma1 ,pan1 or ,"l1 or call$ by no "n at all4 ,ea* p has its prophets & its sa9ts2 & _m a sw>?y ,indian :o b[$ d[n to wood & /one1--_m a grim-fac$ ,calmuck1 :o wor%ipp$ ! great ,god ( ,/orms1--_m a ,grecian peasant :o did homage to ,phoebus ,apollo :5 ! sun rose or w5t d[n1--yes1 _m a savage1 8 h&s sme>$ all ov] ) human sacrifice1--%all come f ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/1 & sit d[n 9 ! k+dom ( ,god1 ) ,moses & ,zoroa/]1 ) ,socrates & ,jesus4 7,disc\rses1 p4 #hc7 ,! *>ity :i* hopes t m5 may be =giv5 ! crime ( religions :i*1 if !re be a ,god at all1 mu/ be abom9ations1 "o c und]/&2 b ^! maudl9 apologies = ! religions !mselves1 --z if !y 7 n !mselves crimes1 & involv$ crimes 9 _! v practice1--,i d n und]/&4 ,accord+ to ?is1 all t man has to d is to be s9c]e 9 any ?+1 h[ev] diabolical1 & x is at once transmut$ into a virtue :i* no?+ less ?an heav5 c rew>d6 ,mr4 ,newman sometimes foll[s closely 9 ,mr4 ,p>k]'s /eps 9 ! ex]cise ( ?is ba/>d tol]ation1 ?is spuri\s *>ity2 ?\gh1 9 ju/ice1 ,i mu/ say1 he does n g 8 l5g?4 ,yet :o c read )\t laught] t def9ition ( idolatry1 made app>5tly = ! same prepo/]\s purpose1--to sanctify ! hide\s absurdities ( ! religi\s s5tim5t1 & to save ! cr$it ( ! int]nal oracle8 ,he says1--,to wor%ip z p]fect & inf9ite "o :om we "k to be imp]fect & f9ite1 ?is is idolatry1 & 79 any bad s5se7 ?is alone 444444 ,a man c b adore 8 own highe/ ideal2 to =bid ?is is to =bid all religion to him4 ,if1 !re=e1 idolatry is to mean any ?+ wrong & bad1 ! ^w mu/ be res]v$ = ! cases 9 :i* a man degrades 8 ideal by wor%ipp+ some?+ t falls %ort ( x4 7,s\l1 pp4 #ee1 #ef7 ,s t ! mo/ degrad$ idolat]1 if he b come up to 8 own ideal ( ! ,div9ity1 is none at all1 b a respectable wor%ipp]6 ,x may be2 b ! idolat]'s ideal ( ,god is1 g5]ally1 ! reality ( :at o!rs call ! ,devil6--,only ?9k ( ! div9e ideal ( a man :o wor%ips an image ( 8 own mak+1 ) t5 heads & tw5ty h&s6 ,! def9ition rem9ds me ( t passage 9 :i* ,pascal's ,jesuit ,fa!r def9es ! moral s9 ( idl5ess3--,x is1 says he1 a grief t spiritual ?+s %\ld be spiritual1 z if x %\ld be regrett$ t ! sacram5ts are ! s\rce ( grace2 & x is a mortal s94 ,o ,fa!r6 said ,i1 ,i _c imag9e t any "o c be idle 9 su* a s5se4 ,s ,escob> says1 ',i confess x is v seldom t any p]son fails into ! s9 ( idl5ess4' ,n[1 surely1 y mu/ see ! necessity ( a good def9ition6 ,no1 no2 few b ,mr4 ,p>k] w affirm t ! v>i\s religions :i* h ov]%ad[$ ! _w are ess5tially m "o 9 virtue ( ! absolute religion1 ?an !y are diff]5t 9 virtue ( _! pr9ciples1 t5d5cies1 practices1 & =ms2 :ile 9 none --if we except ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity--is !re en\gh ( ! absolute religion to keep !m sweet4 ,^! apologies1 odi\s z !y are1 are necess>y if ! cr$it ( ! spiritual faculty & ! absolute religion is to be at all pres]v$4 ,b1 unhappily1 x is n a tone :i* c be consi/5tly pres]v$4 ,sometimes ! religions ( mank9d are all tol]able en\gh1 f ! pres5ce ( ! all-consecrat+ elem5t2 & sometimes1 9 spite ( ?is great antiseptic1 !y are repres5t$ z ! rott51 putrid ?+s !y are6 ,& !n ano!r answ]1 equally empty ) ! =m]1 is h9t$ to save ! cr$it ( ! d>l+ oracle4 ,its due influ5ce has be5 p]v]t$1 its j expansion prev5t$1 by ! influ5ce ( national religions1 by ! int]v5tion ( ! hi/orical & traditional1 by false & p]nici\s education2--^! ?+s1 x seems1 h poison$ ! wat]s ( spiritual life 9 _! s\rce1 else !y _h gu%$ out ( ! hidd5 f\nta9s ( ! he>t pure z cry/al6 ,yes1 x is too pla92 ,bibliolatry & ,hi/orical ,religion1 9 "s %ape1--,v$as1 ,koran1 or ,bible1--h be5 ! _w's bane4 ,_h x n be5 = ^!1 ,i suppose1 we %\ld ev]y:]e h he>d ! inv>iable utt]ance ( spiritual religion 9 ! "o dialect ( ! he>t4 ,x is too c]ta9 t ! _w has f\nd its spiritual ,babel3 ! "o dialect ( ! he>t is yet to be he>d4 ,b ,i am n sure t ! apologetic ve9 w\ld n be wis]4 ,= :at is ?is plea1 b to ackn[l$ge t man is s con/itut$ t ! boa/$ religi\s s5tim5t1 ! spiritual faculty1--if x exi/ at all1 & is any ?+ m ?an an ill-def9$ t5d5cy1 --in/ead ( be+ a glori\s light :i* anticipates all ext]nal revelation1 & r5d]s x sup]flu\s1 is1 9 fact1 ab\t ! feeble/ 9 our nature2 :i* ev]y:]e & always is s$uc$ & debau*$ by ! mo/ trump]y pret5sions ( ! hi/orical & traditional6 ,x is n s ) p's eyes2 x is n s ) p's appetites2 no p>5tal influ5ce or e>ly in/ruction c make m5 ?9k t gre5 is blue1 or /ones & *alk good = food4 ,yet ?is glori\s faculty uni=mly yields1--goes into %iv]s 9 ! enc\nt]6 ,i1 at lea/1 w grant to ,mr4 ,p>k] all he says ( ! p]nici\s & dete/able "* ( ! inf9ite v>iety ( false conceptions ( ,god1 & to ,mr4 ,newman all he says ( ! degrad$ types ( religion2 b !n x 0 ,man himself t fram$ all ^? false conceptions1 & all ^? degrad$ types4 ,h[ came he ?us univ]sally to triumph ov] t div9ely implant$ faculty ( spiritual disc]nm5t1 :i*1 if x exi/1 mu/ be ! mo/ admirable feature ( humanity2 :i* ^! writ]s tell u anticipates all ext]nal tru?1 b :i*1 x seems1 gre$ily swall[s all ext]nal error8 ,x almo/ univ]sally submits to ! mo/ contemptible pret5sions ( a revelation1 & ackn[l$ges t x d>es n to pron\nce on t1 ev5 :5 false1 ( :i*1 ev5 :5 true1 x is to be ! sole s\rce6 ,!re nev] 0 an hi/orical religion1 h[ev] contemptible1 t did n make its ?\s&s ( proselytes4 ,man has be5 easily l$ to embrace ! mo/ absurd sy/ems ( my?ology & sup]/ition1 & is will+ ev5 to g to dea? = !m4 ,s f> f v5tur+ to set up ! claims ( ! int]nal oracle 9 competition1 man all b uni=mly takes 8 religion f 8 fa!rs 7no matt] :at71 j z he takes 8 prop]ty2 only ! =m]1 h[ev] wor?less1 he holds z inf9itely ! m preci\s4 ,ev5 :5 he surr5d]s x1 he /ill surr5d]s x to "s o!r hi/orical religion3 x is to t he turns4 ,su* m5 z ,mr4 ,newman & ,mr4 ,p>k]--?\gh e "o c see t _! sy/em too has be5 d]iv$ f )\t1 t x is1 9 fact1 no?+ b a di/ort$ ,*ri/ianity--may be numb]$ by units4 ,! va/ bulk ( mank9d are unresi/+ victims ( ! traditional & hi/orical2 nay1 r eag]ly ask = x1 & will+ly submit to x4 ,:at1 !n1 c ,i inf]1 b ei!r1 #a/1 t ?is vaunt$ int]nal faculty :i* sup]s$es all necessity ( an ext]nal revelation is a delusion1 & exi/s only z a vague & imp]fect t5d5cy2 or1 #b;dly1 t1 z ,*ri/ians say1 x lies 9 ru9s1 & ne$s t ext]nal revelation1 ! possibility ( :i* is d5i$2 or1 #c;dly1 t ,god has someh[ made a great mi/ake 9 m+l+ ! v>i\s elem5ts ( man's composition1 & miscalculat+ ! ov]ma/]+ p[] ( ! hi/orical & traditional 2 or1 #d?ly1 t man1 hav+ ! orig9al faculty /ill bright & /rong1 & t brightness & /r5g? suffici5t = 8 guidance & support1 is m hopelessly1 delib]ately1 & diabolically wick$1 9 ?us ev]y:]e & always sub/itut+ error = tru?1 & sup]/ition = religion1--9 ?us giv+ ! hi/orical & traditional ! uni=m asc5d5cy ov] ! moral & spiritual1--?an ev5 ! mo/ desp]ate ,calv9i/ ev] v5tur$ to repres5t him6 ,surely he is ! mo/ dete/able bea/ t ev] crawl$ on ! face ( ! e>?1 &1 9 a new & m port5t\s s5se1 loves d>kness r ?an light4 ,! fact is1 t--s f> f hav+ ev5 a suspicion t an ext]nal revelation is useless or impossible--he1 z already said1 gre$ily seeks = x1 & dev\rs x4 ,nay1 s f> f its be+ au!nticat$ by ! hi/ory1 or v\*$ by ! consci\sness ( ! race1 ?is v proposition--t man /&s 9 no ne$ ( an ext]nal revelation--fir/ comes to him1 & r late too1 by an ext]nal revelation2 ev5 ! revelation ( su* writ]s z ,mr4 ,p>k] & ,mr4 ,newman4 ,! la/ has be5 a /ud5t ( !ology = tw5ty ye>s1 & has only j arriv$ at ?is conviction1 t he ne$$ no light1 inasmu* z he _h pl5ty ( light )94 ,brilliant1 surely1 x mu/ h be56 ,i c only say = myself1 t ,i d n1 ev5 ) su* aid1 f9d myself 9 any sup]flu\s illum9ation1 & w\ld gladly accept1 ) ,plato1 "s div9e communication1 ( :i*1 hea!n z he 01 he ackn[l$g$ ! necessity4 ,! mode ( acc\nt+ = man's univ]sal ab]rations1 f ! tyranny ( ,bibliolatry & sup]/iti\s & p]nici\s education1 --see+ t x is a tyranny ( man's own impos+1--is exactly l t by :i* "s !ologians seek to elude ! argum5t ( man's depravity2 x is ow+1 !y say1 to ! influ5ce ( a univ]sally deprav$ education6 ,b :5ce t univ]sally deprav$ education !y =get to tell u4 ,meantime1 ! inquir] is apt to put t univ]sal proclivity 9 ! matt] ( education to t v depravity = :i* x is to acc\nt4 ,simil>ly1 "o is apt to inf]1 f man's t5d5cy to deviate into any pa? ( religi\s sup]/ition & folly1 t ! spiritual lant]n he c>ries )9 ca/s b a feeble light ^u hit pa?4 ,?is plea1 !re=e1 is utt]ly wor?less2 = if x 7 true1 t ! influ5ce ( tradition & hi/oric association1 :5 once set up1 c\ld ?us d>k5 & debau* ! natural faculty1 ^: specific (fice x 0 to convey1 l ! eye1 specific intellig5ce1 x w\ld n acc\nt = ! fir/ t5d5cies ( man to dis[n its au?ority 9 favor ( an absurd & uni=m submission to ! usurpations ( tradition & prie/craft4 ,! faculty is univ]sally feeble aga9/ ?is influ5ce2 x /agg]s2 :e!r f weakness or drunk5ness little matt]s1 except t ! la/ is ! vil] infirmity ( ! two4 ,if we f9d a riv] turbid1 x is ( no consequ5ce :e!r x 0 s z x issu$ f its f\nta91 or f pollutions :i* h be5 infus$ into its curr5t l[] d[n1--x is a turbid riv] /ill4 ,on ! :ole1 s f> f admitt+ ! pr9ciple ( ,mr4 ,newman1 t a book-revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? is unnecess>y1 ,i %\ld r be dispos$ to inf] ! v contr>y1 f ! unc]ta9ty1 vacillation1 & feebl5ess ( man's spiritual nature4 ,i %\ld be dispos$ to inf] x1 :e!r ,i look at ! lessons :i* exp]i5ce & hi/ory tea*1 or ^? taught by my own anxi\s & s9c]e scrut9y ( my own consci\sness4 ,if x be1 on ! o!r h&1 z he says1 impossible1 mank9d are 9 a v hopeless pr$icam5t1 s9ce x only proves t1 ! spiritual insight ( man hav+ unhappily fail$ ! great majority ( our race1 x _c be suppli$ by any ext]nal aid2 t ! malady1 :i* is b too app>5t1 is also z app>5tly )\t a rem$y4 ,= myself1 ,i mu/ say t ,i f9d myself hopelessly at issue ) him 9 virtue ( ! above axiom1 :e!r ,i receive or reject 8 !ory ( religi\s tru?2 =1 if t axiom be true1 ,i mu/ reject 8 !ory ( religion1--s9ce x is no?+ b a book-revelation to me1--issu$ by ,mr4 ,newman1 in/ead ( ! ,bible or ! ,koran4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if t !ory be true1 & ,i accept x1 8 maxim mu/ be false1 = ! v same reason2 s9ce he himself w h giv5 me a d\ble book-revelation1--a revelation at once ( ! !ory & ( ! g5esis ( religion1 bo? ( :i* are 9 _m respects absolute novelties to my consci\sness4 ,b fur!r2 if we take ! g5esis ( religion z describ$ by ei!r ( ^! writ]s1 & consid] ! inf9ite corruptions to :i* !y bo? ackn[l$ge a p]v]t$1 imp]fect developm5t ( ! religi\s s5tim5t & ! spiritual faculty has l$1 "o w\ld imag9e t an ext]nal communication f ,heav5 might be bo? v possible & v useful2 useful1 if only by caution+ m5 aga9/ ^? false conceptions :i* h s uni=mly swamp$ ! idea1 & ^? degrad$ types1 into :i* all ! v>i\s pr9ciples ( our nature h :e$l$ ! spiritual faculty4 ,only li/5 to a brief specim5 ( ! by-pa? mead[s :i* entice ! poor s\l f ! direct c\rse ( its developm5t1 & judge :e!r a communication f ,heav51 if x 7 only to ! ext5t ( a sign-po/ by ! way-side1 might n be ( use6 ,fir/ comes awe4 ,b ev5 9 ?is e>ly /age1 says ,mr4 ,newman1 numb]less deviations take place1 & m>k especially ! rude/ ,paganism4 ,we may embrace !m "u ! g5]al "n ( ,feti*ism1 :i* "h claims att5tion 444444 ,b ev5 9 ! mid/ ( enlight5$ sci5ce1 & highly lit]ate ages1 errors fundam5tally id5tical ) ^? ( ,feti*ism may & d exi/1 & ) ! v same results4 7,s\l1 pp4 #g1 #aj47 ,!n comes wond]3 ,b ( ?is likewise we f9d num]\s degrad$ types 9 :i* ! ris+ religion is m>r$ 444444 ,( ?is we h em95t in/ances 9 ! gods ( ,greece1 & 9 ! fairies ( ! ,g]man & ,p]sian tribes 444444 ,"u ! same head w be includ$ ! grotesque devil-/ories & o!r leg5ds ( ! ,middle ,ages 444444 ,yet ! dreadful alt]native ( gross sup]/ition is ?is1 t ! grav] view t5ds to cruel & horrible rites1 :ile ! fanciful & sportive sucks out ! life-blood ( dev\t feel+4 7,ibid4 pp4 #ad-af47 ,!n comes ! s5se ( beauty3 ,?is 0 /rik+ly illu/rat$ 9 ,greek sculpture4 ,a /atue ( exquisite beauty1 repres5t+ "s h]o1 or an ,apollo1 because ( its beauty1 seem$ to ! ,greeks a fit object ( wor%ip 444444 ,an opposite dang] is (t5 rem>k$ to accompany ! use ( all ! f9e arts z h&maids to religion2 namely1 t ! w\ld-be wor%ipp] is s absorb$ 9 m]e beauty z nev] to rise into devotion4 7,ibid4 pp4 #ba1 #bc47 ,!n comes ! s5se ( ord]2 b1 alas6 ,a!ism & ,pan!ism1 & o!r degrad+ types1 may be begott5 ( x6 ,z ,i look at m5 ?us tumbl+ into error along ?is wret*$ causeway to heav51 ,i seem to be view+ ,addison's bridge ( human life1 ) its brok5 ar*es1 at ea* ( :i* ?\s&s are fall+ ?r\gh4 ,?is way to ! cele/ial city ought to be call$ ! ,nor?we/ ,passage2 x has "o1 & only "o1 trait ( y\r ,*ri/ian pa?3 !re w be few t f9d x4 ,if1 !n1 by ! confession ( ^! writ]s1 ! false conceptions & ! degrad$ types--! result ( :at are z truly pr9ciples ( man's nature z ! suppos$ spiritual faculty1 only t ?is la/ always has ! wor/ 9 ! conflict--h univ]sally1 & = unkn[n ages1 involv$ man 9 ! d>ke/ abysses ( sup]/ition1 crime1 & mis]y1 surely ext]nal revelation is any ?+ b sup]flu\s2 & if impossible1 s mu* ! worse4 ,! same tru? is ev5 =mally ev9c$ by ! self-de/ructive c\rse :i* bo? writ]s employ2 = z ! conditions ( ! developm5t ( our spiritual nature1 :5 n compli$ )1 lead to all ! deplorable consequ5ces :i* !y ackn[l$ge1 h[ d !y propose to rectify !m8 ,:y1 by ext]nal culture1 prop] discipl9e & tra9+1 judici\s in/ruction1 by enlight5+ mank9d1--z we may suppose !y are do+ by ^! hopeful books ( !irs6 ,if man c d s mu* by 8 books1 is x impossible t a book f ,god might d some?+ m8 ,b on ?is ,i w say no?+1 s9ce y tell me t y h he>d att5tively ! conv]sation ,i _h ) my fri5d ,fell[es ! o!r day4 ,i w !re=e omit :at ,i _h writt5 on ?is po9t 444444 ,b ,i proce$ to ano!r1 ma9ta9$ by ^! writ]s1 on :i* ,i confess ,i am equally sceptical4 ,if !y conc$e 7z h[ c !y help x87 t ! religi\s s5tim5t & ! spiritual faculty h someh[ left humanity involv$ 9 ! mo/ deplorable p]plexities & ! mo/ humiliat+ errors1 !y yet assure u t !re is a good "t com+1--an auspici\s progress 9 virtue & religion1 v gradual inde$1 b sure & illimitable = ! race collectively6 ,yes1 progress1 t is '! ^w2 & a progress = ! _w at l>ge1 ( :i* !y speak z c]ta9ly z if !y _h receiv$1 at lea/ on t po9t1 t ext]nal revelation1 ! possibility ( :i* !y d5y4 ,a matt] ( spiritual insight ,i presume none w decl>e x to be1 & ! data are c]ta9ly f> too meagre & unsatisfactory to make x calculation4 ,is ,saul among ! prophets8 ,yes2 b1 z usual1 ! tru? 7if x be a tru?7 = :i* !y cont5d is1 z ) o!r p>ts ( _! sy/em1 a plagi>ism f ! abjur$ ,bible4 ,n[1 if ,i mu/ believe prophecy1 ,i pref] ! magnific5t /ra9s ( ,isaiah to ! s5tim5tal prose ei!r ( ,mr4 ,p>k] or ( ,mr4 ,newman4 ,i mu/ mode/ly d\bt :e!r1 ap>t f ! repres5tations ( ! books !y abjure z special revelations1 !re is any ?+ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w :i* w ju/ly a sob]-m9d$ man 9 com+ to any positive conclusion z to ?is promis$ progress ?is infidel mill5nium1 ei!r ! "o way or ! o!r4 ,! *ief facts1 ap>t f su* special in=mation1 w\ld c]ta9ly po9t ! o!r way4 ,look at ! condition ( ! imm5se majority ( ! race 9 e age1--s f> z we c ga!r any ?+ f hi/ory1--comp>e x ) t ( ! imm5se majority at ! pres5t mom5t2--:at does x tell u8 ,:y1 surely1 t1 if !re be a de/9y ( indef9ite progress 9 religion & virtue = ! race collectively1 ! h& ( ! great clock moves s immeasurably sl[ t x is impossible to note x4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! individual1 nay1 ( record$ hi/ory1--if we c say !re is any su* ?+1--fails to trace ! movem5t ( ! index on ! huge dial4 ,if !re be ?is progress = ! race collectively1 x mu/ be accompli%$ 9 a cycle va/ z ^? ( ! geological eras2--a deposit ( a million? ( an in* ( k & virtue ov] ! :ole race 9 fifty million ye>s or s6 ,mr4 ,newman is pleas$ to say1 ,"s nations s9k1 :ile o!rs rise2 b ! l[] & high] levels are bo? g5]ally asc5d+4 ,has ?is level = ! :ole race be5 rais$ p]ceptibly )9 ! memory ( s-call$ hi/ory8 ,obs]ve2 ,i am n d5y+ t ! notion may be true3 ,i am lit]ally ! sceptic ,i pr(ess to be3 ,i "k n--ap>t f special in=mation f a sup]human s\rce--:e!r x be true or false4 ,i am only v5tur+ to laugh at m51 :o1 d5y+ any su* in=mation1 affect to speak ) any confid5ce on ! solution ( ?is prodigi\s problem1 ! data = solv+ :i* ,i cont5d we h n3 :ile ^? we h1 ap>t f ! direct assurance ( suppos$ inspiration1 m plausibly po9t to an opposite conclusion4 ,! conclusion :i* w\ld m naturally sugge/ itself f ! hi/ory ( ! pa/ w\ld be t ( p]petual advance & p]petual retrogression1 contemporane\sly go+ on 9 diff]5t portions ( ! race1-- p]petual flux & reflux ( ! waves ( k & sci5ce an diff]5t %ores2 ?\gh1 alas6 z to religion & virtue2 ,i fe> t ^!1 l ! ,m$it]ranean1 are almo/ )\t _! tides4 ,= a progress 9 ! =m]1--9 ! race collectively4--f> m plausible argum5ts c be adduc$ ?an = a progress 9 ! latt]2 yet h[ mu* might be said t appe>s to militate ev5 aga9/ t4 ,?9k ( ! frequ5t & signal *ecks to civilization2 its transf]5ce f seat to seat2 ! decay ( races once celebrat$ = k & art2 ! inundations ( b>b>ism f "t to "t2--^! ?+s alone might make a sob] m9d pause be=e he pr$ict$ = ! entire race a c]ta9 progress ev5 9 art & sci5ce4 ,exp]i5ce w\ld at mo/ ju/ify a philosoph] 9 say+4 ,p]haps1 yes2 p]haps no4 ,b ! argum5t becomes incomp>ably m d\btful :5 we come to religion1 & especially t p>ticul> =m ( x :i* su* writ]s z ,messrs4 ,p>k] & ,newman believe w be preem95t & univ]sal2 t[>ds :i* consummation x does n appe> at pres5t t ! smalle/ conceivable advance has be5 made2 s9ce1 ) ! exception ( t inf9itesimal p>ty1 ( :i* !y are among ! *ief1 ! imm5se majority ( mank9d p]si/ 9 reject+ ! suffici5cy ( ! int]nal oracle1 & are /ill f\nd z /rongly conv9c$ z ev] bo? ( ! possibility & necessity ( an ext]nal revelation1 & t1 9 "s %ape or o!r1 x has be5 giv56 ,nay1 ! facts1 s f> z we h any1 seem all ! o!r way2 = no soon] _h m5 be5 put approximately 9 possession ( ! pure spiritual tru?1 :i* bo? ,mr4 ,newman & ,mr4 ,p>k] suppose to be *>act]i/ic 9 l>g] measure ( ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity ?an ( any o!r religion1 ?an !y busily began ! "w1 n ( improvem5t1 b ( corruption4 ,! ,jews corrupt$ _! pure mono!i/ic tru?s into :at ^! writ]s believe ! fables1 leg5ds1 miracles1 & absurd dogmas ( ! ,old ,te/am5t3 &1 z if t 7 n en\gh1 proce$$ to bury !m 9 ! huge absurdities ( ! ,rabb9ical traditions2 ! ,*ri/ians1 9 l mann]1 corrupt$ ! yet pur] tru?s1 :i* ^! writ]s affirm ,*ri/ianity tea*es1 ) :at !y also affirm to be ! load ( my?1 fiction1 false hi/ory1 & mon/r\s doctr9e1 :i* make up n9e t5?s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t3 &1 z if t 7 n en\gh1 proce$$1 j z did ! ,jews1 to exp& ! ,new ,te/am5t itself into ! worse ?an ,rabb9ical traditions ( ! ,papacy6 ,f approximate spiritual tru? to ! suppos$ leg5ds & false dogmas ( ! ,p5tateu*1 f ! suppos$ leg5ds & dogmas ( ! ,p5tateu* to ! absurdities ( ! ,talmud2--aga91 f ! approximate spiritual tru? ( ,*ri/ianity to ! suppos$ leg5ds & fanciful doctr9es ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & f ! leg5ds & doctr9es ( ! ,new ,te/am5t to ! corruptions ! ,papacy2--surely ^! are que] pro(s ( a t5d5cy to progress6 ,a t5d5cy to retrogradation is r indicat$4 ,no soon]1 x appe>s1 does man proce$ to obta9 spiritual tru? tol]ably pure1 z te/$ by su* writ]s1 ?an he proce$s incont95tly to adult]ate x6 ,?is unhappy & uni=m t5d5cy is also a curi\s comm5t on ! impot5ce ( ! int]nal spiritual oracle1 z aga9/ ! asc5d5cy ( ! hi/orical & traditional4 ,simil> argum5ts ( d\bt may be d]iv$ f o!r facts4 ,ov] h[ _m c\ntries did primitive ,*ri/ianity soon deg5]ate into su* odi\s idolatry1 t ev5 ! delusions ( ! false prophet h be5 consid]$ 7l ! doom to labor7 z a sort ( b5efic5t curse 9 comp>ison6 ,:at1 aga91 = ages1 0 ! hi/ory ( ^? ,%emitic races1 9 :i*1 ( all races1 0 f\nd1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,p>k]1 ! happie/ religi\s organization1 by :i* !y discov]$1 e>li] ?an o!r races1 ! great tru?s ( ,mono!ism8 ,"o incessant bulimia = idolatry 0 _! ma/]-passion = ages2 :ile = _m ages pa/1 z has be5 rem>k$ by a c\ntryman ( ,mr4 ,p>k]1 _! happy religi\s organization has be5 9 deplorable ru9s4 ,i humbly v5ture1 !n1 once aga91 to d\bt :e!r any sob]-m9d$ man1 ap>t f special inspiration1 c affirm t he has any gr\nds to utt] a ^w ab\t a progress 9 religion or virtue = ! race collectively4 ,b x is easy to see :]e ^! writ]s obta9$ ! notion2 !y h /ol5 x f t ,bible :i* z a special revelation !y h abjur$4 ,i _c help rem>k+ "h1 t x is a mo/ suspici\s circum/ance1 if !re be1 inde$1 any univ]sal & suffici5t int]nal revelation1 t ^! writ]s f9d e memorable advance ( :at !y deem religi\s tru? 9 unacc\ntable connection ei!r ) ! happy religi\s organization ( "o race1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,p>k]1 or 9 equally /range connection ) ! records ( two books orig9at+ among t race2 accord+ to ,mr4 ,newman4 ,! ,bible1 says ! latt]1 is p]vad$ by a s5tim5t :i* is impli$ ev]y:]e1 namely1 ! intimate sympa?y ( ! ,pure & ,p]fect ,god ) ! he>t ( ea* fai?ful wor%ipp]4 ,?is is t :i* is want+ 9 ,greek philosoph]s1 ,engli% ,dei/s1 ,g]man ,pan!i/s1 & all =mali/s4 ,?is is t :i* s (t5 edifies me 9 ,*ri/ian writ]s & speak]s1 :5 ,i ev] s mu* disbelieve ! lett] ( _! s5t5ces4 7,phases1 p4 #ahh47 ,x is unacc\ntably odd t ! univ]sal spiritual faculty %\ld act ?us caprici\sly1 & equally odd t ,mr4 ,newman does n p]ceive1 t1 if x 7 n = ! ,bible1 8 religion w\ld no m h assum$ ! peculi> task x has1 ?an t ( ,ari/otle or ,cic]o4 ,s5tim5ts due to ! /ill active influ5ces ( 8 ,*ri/ian education he imputes to ! direct intuitions ( spiritual vision1 j z we are apt to conf\nd ! orig9al & acquir$ p]ceptions ( our eyesight4 ,he is 9 ! condition ( "o :o mi/akes a reflect$ image = ! object itself1 or a =gott5 sugge/ion ( ano!r = an orig9al idea4 ,9 ! cam]a obscura ( 8 m9d1 he flatt]s himself t ! color$ =ms !re trac$ are ! orig9al inscriptions on ! walls1 =getful ( ! little ap]ture :i* has let 9 ! light2 & n ev5 di/urb$ by ! unt[>d ph5om5on1 t ! ideas ?us contemplat$ are all upside d[n4 ,b1 surely1 x is natural to ask1--,h[ is x t ,greek philosoph]s1 ,h9doo sages1 ,egyptian prie/s1 ,engli% ,dei/s1--t m5 ( all o!r religions1--hav+ always _h access to ! f\nta9 ( natural illum9ation )91 h n also _h _! ,baxt]s1 ,leightons1 ,watts1 ,doddridges8 t ! :ole /yle ( ?\ght on ?is subject is s totally diff]5t 9 !m all1 by 8 own confession8 ,if man possess ! spiritual faculty attribut$ to him1--if x be a *>act]i/ic ( humanity1--x w be surely g5]ally manife/$2 & ev5 if ^? di/urb+ causes1 :i* he & ,mr4 ,p>k] s pl5tifully provide1 by :i* ! g5esis ( religion is s unhappily m>r$1 b :i*1 alas6 no revelation f )\t c ev] c\nt]act--prev5t its uni=m1 or ne>ly uni=m display1 /ill its pr9cipal indications 7p>tial ?\gh !y may be ev]y:]e7 ought1 at lea/1 to be ev]y:]e indiff]5tly diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! race4 ,its manife/ation may be sporadic1 b x w be 9 "o race z 9 ano!r2 x w n be suspici\sly conf9$ to "o race ) a peculi>ly felicit\s religi\s organization1 or to two books exclusively orig9at+ ) t favor$ race4 ,= 8 spiritual illum9ation1 x is easy to see ,mr4 ,newman's exclusive dep5d5ce on t ,bible :i* he abjures z a special revelation4 ,if x has n be5 s to mank9d1 x has1 at lea/1 be5 s to ,mr4 ,newman4 ,to x he p]petually runs = argum5t & illu/ration4 ,among ^? :o w accept 8 infidelity ,i appreh5d !re w be few :o w n recoil f 8 repres5tations ( spiritual exp]i5ce1 s obvi\sly no?+ m ?an a disguis$ & mutilat$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y w say1 t !y d n wi% ! new clo? sew$ on to ! old g>m5t2 sc>cely a s\l among/ !m w sympa?ize ) 8 s\l's sorr[s1 or %>e 8 s\l's aspirations6 ,b1 h[ev] ^! ?+s may be1 ,i n[ proce$ to :at ,i ackn[l$ge is ! mo/ weighty topic ( my argum5t2 :i* is to prove t1 if ,i acquiesce1 on ,mr4 ,newman's gr\nds1 9 ! rejection ( ! ,bible z a special revelation ( ,god1 ,i am compell$ on ! v same pr9ciples to g a few /eps fur!r1 & to express d\bts ( ! absolutely div9e orig9al ( ! ,_w1 & ! adm9i/ration !re(1 j z he does ( ! div9e orig9al ( ! ,bible4 ,if ,i conc$e to ,mr4 ,newman1 h[ev] we may diff] z to ! moral & spiritual faculties ( man1 t ^! are yet ! sole & ultimate c\rt ( appeal to u2 t f our intuitions ( "r & wrong1 ( moral & spiritual1 tru?1 be !y m p]fect accord+ to him1 or m rudim5t>y & imp]fect accord+ to me1 we mu/ =m a judgm5t ( ! moral be>+s ( e presum$ ext]nal revelation ( ,god1--,i _c d o!rwise ?an reject mu* ( ! revelation ( ,god 9 8 presum$ ,works z unwor?y ( him1 j z ,mr4 ,newman does v mu* 9 8 suppos$ ,^w z equally unwor?y ( him4 ,mr4 ,newman says1 ,only by disc]n+ t ,god has ,virtues1 simil> 9 k9d to human ,virtues1 d we "k ( 8 tru?fulness & 8 goodness444444 ,! nature ( ! case implies1 t ! human m9d is compet5t to sit 9 moral & spiritual judgm5t on a pr(ess$ revelation1 & to decide 7if ! case seem to require x7 9 ! foll[+ tone3--',?is doctr9e attributes to ,god t :i* we %\ld all call h>%1 cruel1 or unju/ 9 man3 x is !re=e intr9sically inadmissible2 = if ,god may be 7:at we %\ld call7 cruel1 he may equally well be 7:at we %\ld call7 a li>2 &1 if s1 ( :at use is 8 ^w to u8' 7,s\l1 p4 #eh7 ,simil>ly ,mr4 ,newman cont9ually affirms t ,god reveals himself1 :5 he reveals himself at all1 )91 & n )\t2 z he says 9 8 ,phases1--,( our moral & spiritual ,god we "k no?+ )\t1--e ?+ )94 ,x is 9 ! _s t we meet him n 9 ! communications ( s5se4 7p4 #eb47 ,if ,i acquiesce 9 ?is judgm5t1 ,i mu/ apply ! reason+ ( ! above passage to ! ext]nal revelation ( ,god 9 8 ,works1 z well z to t 9 8 ,^w2 & ! above reason+ w be equally valid1 m]ely sub/itut+ "o ^w = ! o!r4 ,we are to decide1 if ! case seem to require x1 9 ! foll[+ tone3--,^! ph5om5a--?is conduct--implies :at we %\ld call 9 man h>%1 or cruel1 or unju/2 x is1 !re=e1 intr9sically inadmissible z ,god's "w or ,god's conduct4 ,act+ on 8 pr9ciples1 ,mr4 ,newman refuses to depress 8 consci5ce 7z he says7 to ! ,bible /&>d4 ,he affirms1 t 9 _m cases ! ,bible sanctions1 & ev5 enjo9s1 ?+s :i* %ock 8 moral s5se z flagrantly immoral1 & he mu/ !re=e reject !m z suppos$ to be sanction$ by ,god4 ,he 9 diff]5t places gives in/ances2--z ! suppos$ approbation ( ! assass9ation ( ,sis]a by ! wife ( ,heb]1 ! comm& to ,abraham to sacrifice 8 son1 & ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,canaanites4 ,n[1 :e!r ! ,bible repres5ts ,god1 or n1 9 all ^! cases1 z sanction+ ! ?+s 9 "q1 ,i %all n be at ! pa9s to inquire1 because ,i am will+ to take x = grant$ t ,mr4 ,newman's repres5tation is p]fectly correct4 ,i only ?9k t he ought1 9 consi/5cy1 to h gone a little fur!r4 ,let him def5d1 z 9 p]fect h>mony ) 8 intuitions ( "r & wrong1 ! und5iably simil> in/ances :i* occur 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! univ]se2 or1 if x be f\nd impossible to solve ^? difficulties1 let him ackn[l$ge1 ei!r t our suppos$ ess5tial intuitions ( moral rectitude are n to be tru/$1 z applicable to ! ,supreme ,be+1 & t !re=e ! argum5t f !m aga9/ ! ,bible is inconclusive2 or1 t no su* be+ exi/s2 or1 la/ly1 t he has conf]r$ ^u man an intuitive conception ( moral equity & rectitude1--( ! j & ! unju/1--9 mo/ edify+ contradiction to 8 own "* & proce$+s6 ,"h ,fell[es broke 93-- ,if inde$ !re be any su* in/ances2 b ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,newman w\ld reply1 t !y w be s\ght = 9 va9 9 ! '_w1' h[ev] pl5tiful1 z ,i admit !y are1 9 ! ,bible4 ,i "k n :e!r he w\ld d5y !m or n1 said ,h>r+ton2 b !y are f\nd 9 great abundance 9 ! _w not)/&+1 & ?is is my difficulty4 ,if ,mr4 ,newman 7 ! creator ( ! univ]se1 no "q1 none ( ^! contradictions betwe5 'intuitions' )91 & /ubborn 'facts' )\t1 w\ld be f\nd4 ,he has creat$ a ,god aft] 8 own m9d2 if he c\ld b h creat$ a univ]se also aft] 8 own m9d1 we %\ld d\btless h be5 reliev$ f all our p]plexities4 ,b1 unhappily1 we f9d 9 x1 z ,i imag9e1 ! v ?+s :i* s />tle ,mr4 ,newman 9 ! ,scriptural repres5tations ( ! div9e "* & proce$+s4 ,is he n1 l all o!r infidels1 peculi>ly sc&aliz$1 t ,god %\ld h enjo9$ ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,canaanites8 & yet does n ,god d /ill m />tl+ ?+s e day ( our lives1 & :i* appe> less />tl+ only because we are famili> ) !m1--at lea/1 if we believe t ! elem5ts1 pe/il5ce1 fam9e1 9 a ^w1 de/ruction 9 all its =ms1 really fulfil 8 bidd+8 ,is !re any diff]5ce 9 ! _w betwe5 ! cases1 except t ! t]rible ph5om5a :i* we f9d x impossible to acc\nt = are on an inf9itely l>g] scale1 & 9 duration z anci5t z ! _w8 t !y h1 9 fact1 be5 go+ on = ?\s&s ( we>y ye>s1 & = aught y or ,i c tell1 & z ,mr4 ,newman seems to ?9k probable1 = millions ( ye>s8 ,does n a pe/il5ce or a fam9e s5d ?\s&s ( ! guilty & ! innoc5t alike--nay1 ?\s&s ( ^? :o "k n _! "r h& f _! left--to "o common de/ruction8 ,does n ,god 7if y suppose x 8 do+7 swall[ up :ole cities by e>?quake1 or ov]:elm !m ) volcanic fires8 ,i say1 is !re any diff]5ce betwe5 ! cases1 except t ! victims are v r>ely s wick$ z ! ,canaanites are said to h be51 & t ,god 9 ! "o case himself does ! v ?+s :i* he commissions m5 to d 9 ! o!r8 ,n[1 if ! ?+ be wrong1 ,i1 = "o1 %all nev] ?9k x less wrong to d x "o's self ?an to d x by proxy4 ,b1 said ,fell[es1 r w>mly1 = he felt r re/ive at ?is "p ( ,h>r+ton's disc\rse1 x is absurd to comp>e su* sov]eign acts ( inexplicable w on ! "p ( ,god ) 8 comm& to a be+ s con/itut$ z man to p]=m !m4 ,absurd be x1 said ,h>r+ton1 only be s k9d z to %[ x to be s1 in/ead ( say+ s4 ,i ma9ta9 t ! "o class ( facts are j z 'inexplicable1' z y call x1 z ! o!r1 & only appe> o!rwise because1 9 ! "o case1 we daily see !m1 h become accu/om$ to !m &1 :at is m ?an all1 _c d5y !m1--:i* la/ we c s promptly d 9 ! o!r case2 = ,moses is n "h to contradict u4 ,b ,i r ?9k1 t a be+ con/itut$ morally & intellectually l u1 :o _h nev] kn[n any b a _w ( happ9ess1 w\ld j z promptly d5y t ,god c\ld ev] p]=m su* feats z are daily p]=m$ 9 ?is _w6 ,i repeat1 t1 if = "s reasons 7'inexplicable1' ,i grant y7 ,god does n m9d do+ su* ?+s1 he is n likely to hesitate to enjo9 !m2 = reasons p]haps equally inexplicable4 ,i say p]haps2 =1 z ,i comp>e su* an ev5t z ! e>?quake 9 ,lisbon1 or ! plague 9 ,london1 ) ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,canaanites1 ,i solemnly assure y t ,i f9d a great] difficulty1 z f> z my 'intuitions' g1 9 suppos+ ! =m] ev5t to h be5 effect$ by a div9e ag5cy ?an ! latt]4 ,if we take ! ,scripture hi/ory1 we mu/ at lea/ all[ t ! race ?us doom$ _h long tri$ ! pati5ce ( ,heav5 by _! flagrant impiety & unnatural vices2 t !y _h become a c5tre & a s\rce 7z we sometimes see collections ( m5 to be7 ( moral pe/il5ce1 9 ! vic9age ( :i* x 0 unsafe = m5 to dwell2 t1 z ! ,scriptures say 7:e!r truly or falsely1 ,i d n inquire71 !y _h1 fill$ up ! measure ( _! iniquities4' ,let ?is be suppos$ z fictiti\s z y please1 /ill ! :ole proce$+ is repres5t$ z a solemn judicial "o2 & suppos+ ! ev5ts to h occurr$ j z !y are n>rat$1 x positively seems to me mu* less difficult to suppose !m to h>monize ) ! "* ( a j & ev5 b5efic5t be+1 ?an ^? :olesale but*]ies :i* h desolat$ ! _w1 9 e h\r ( its long hi/ory1 )\t any discrim9ation :atev] ( innoc5ce or guilty2 :i*1 if !y h inflict$ unspeakable mis]ies on ! imm$iate victims1 h produc$ probably z mu* or m 9 ! agony ( ! myriad myriads ( he>ts :i* h bl$ or brok5 9 unavail+ sorr[ ov] ! suff]+s !y c\ld n relieve4 ,su* ?+s 7,i speak n[ only ( :at man has n 9 any s5se inflict$7 are1 9 y\r view1 z und5iably ! "w ( ,god z is ! ext]m9ation ( ! ,canaanites accord+ to ! ,bible4 ,:y1 if ,god does n m9d do+ su* ?+s1 are we to suppose t he m9ds on "s occasions ord]+ !m to be done2 unless we suppose t man--delicate creature6--has m ref9$ intuitions ( "r & wrong1 & kn[s bett] :at !y are1 ?an ,god himself8 ,n[1 ,mr4 ,newman & y affirm1 t to suppose ,god %\ld h enjo9$ ! de/ruction ( ! ,canaanites is a contradiction ( our moral intuitions2 & t = ?is & simil> reasons y _c believe ! ,bible to be ! ^w ( ,god4 ,i answ]1 t ! ?+s ,i h m5tion$ are 9 /ill m gl>+ contradiction to su* 'intuitions'2 ?an :i* none appe>s to me m cle> ?an ?is1--t ! morally innoc5t ought n to suff]2 & ,i !re=e d\bt :e!r ! above ph5om5a are ! "w ( ,god4 ,i mu/ refuse1 on ! v same pr9ciple on :i* ,mr4 ,newman disall[s ! ,bible to be a true revelation ( su* a ,be+1 to all[ ?is univ]se to be s4 ,9 equally gl>+ inconsi/5cy is ! entire adm9i/ration ( ?is l[] _w ) :at appe>s to me a fir/ pr9ciple ( moral rectitude1--namely1 t he :o suff]s a wrong to be inflict$ on ano!r1 :5 he c prev5t x1 is responsible = ! wrong itself4 ,! :ole _w is full ( su* in/ances4 ,ay1 said ,fell[es1 eag]ly1 we ought to prev5t a wrong1 provid$ we h ! "r z well z ! p[] to int]f]e4 ,i am suppos+ t we h ! "r z well z ! p[]2 z1 = example1 to prev5t a man f murd]+ 8 neighbor1 or a ?ief f ent]+ 8 dwell+4 ,!re are1 no d\bt1 _m acts :i*1 f our v limit$ "r1 we %\ld h no bus9ess to prev5t2 z1 = example1 to prev5t a man f gett+ tipsy at 8 own table ) 8 own w9e4 ,b no su* limitation c apply to ,him :o is suppos$ to be ! ,absolute ,mon>* ( ! univ]se2 & yet ,he 7accord+ to y\r view7 notori\sly does n int]pose to prev5t ! daily commission ( ! mo/ he9\s wrongs & cruelties "u :i* ! e>? has groan$1 & he>ts h be5 break+1 = ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,y w say1 p]haps1 t 9 all su* in/ances we mu/ believe t !re are "s reasons = ,8 conduct1 ?\gh we _c guess :at !y are4 ,ah6 my fri5d1 if y come to believ+1 y may believe also t ! difficulties involv$ 9 ! ,scriptural repres5tations ( ! ,div9e "* & proce$+s are susceptible ( a simil> solution4 ,if y come to believ+1 ,i ?9k ! ,*ri/ian c believe z well z y1 & r m consi/5tly4 ,b let me proce$4 ,he !n read on4 ,x is pla91 t1 9 accordance ) our primitive moral intuitions 7if we h any71 we %\ld hold him :o _h ! p[] to prev5t a wrong1 & did n use x1 z a p>ticipator & accomplice 9 ! crime he did n prev5t4 ,apply+1 !re=e1 ! pr9ciples ( ,mr4 ,newman1 ,i mu/ refuse to ackn[l$ge su* conduct on ! "p ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 & to say1 t su* ?+s are n done by him4 ,if ,i may tru/ my :isp] ( him1 d]iv$ f analog\s moral qualities 9 myself1 ,i mu/ believe t an adm9i/ration :i* s ru?lessly p]mits ^! ?+s is n 8 "w2 b t 8 p[]1 wisdom1 & goodness h be5 ?w>t$1 baffl$1 & ov]ma/]$ by "s omnipot5t devil1 to use ,mr4 ,newman's expression2 if x be1 !n t :isp] ( him _c be tru/$3 ! hea!n 0 "r1 ,sunt sup]is sua jura4 ,9 o!r words1 ,i feel t ,i mu/ become an ,a!i/1 a ,pan!i/1 a ,mani*aean1 or--:at ,i am--a sceptic4 ,all ^! p]plexities are increas$ :5 ,i trace !m up to t pr(\nd my/]y 9 :i* !y all orig9ate1--,i mean ! p]mission ( physical & moral evil4 ,ei!r evil c\ld h be5 prev5t$ or n2 if x c\ld1 its imm5se & horrible preval5ce is at w> ) ! intuition already ref]r$ to2 if x c\ld n1 :o %all prove x8 ,i am no m able to contradict ! intuitions ( ! intellect ?an ^? ( ! consci5ce2 & if any ?+ c be call$ a contradiction ( ! =m]1 x is to be told t a ,be+ ( inf9ite p[]1 wisdom1 & b5efic5ce c\ld n con/ruct a _w )\t an imm5sity ( evil 9 x2 no reason be+ assignable or ev5 imag9able = su* a proposition1 except ! fact t su* a _w has n be5 creat$6 ,i am !re=e compell$ to d\bt1 :e!r su* a univ]se be really ! fabrication ( su* a ,be+4 ,x is impossible to express my a/oni%m5t at ! ease ) :i* ,mr4 ,newman disposes ( ! difficulties connect$ ) ! orig9 & p]petuation ( physical & moral evil4 ,8 argum5ts are j two ( ! mo/ hackney$ commonplaces ) :i* metaphysicians h attempt$ to evade ^! /up5d\s difficulties2 & x is n too mu* to say1 t !re nev] 0 a man :o 0 n resolv$ t 8 !ory mu/ /&1 :o pret5d$ to atta* any importance to !m4 ,!y are mo/ gratuit\sly assum$1 & ev5 !n are mo/ trivial alleviations2 a m]e pla/] ( br[n pap] = a deep-seat$ canc]4 ,i c]ta9ly "k ( no o!r man :o has /ood s unaba%$ 9 front ( ^! awful =ms4 ,"o almo/ envies him ! truly *ildlike fai? ) :i* he waves 8 h& to ^! ,alps1 & says1 ,be ye remov$1 & ea/ into ! sea2 b ! feel+ is ex*ang$ = ano!r1 :5 he seems to rub 8 eyes1 & exclaim1 ,pre/o1 !y are gone sure en\gh6 :ile y /ill feel t y /& f> )9 ! circumf]5ce ( _! awful %ad[s4 ,z to physical evil1 ,mr4 ,newman tells u1 ,"h may be suffici5t to rem>k1 t ! difficulty on ! ,epicurean assumption1 t physical case & com=t is ! mo/ valuable ?+ 9 ! univ]se3 b t is n true ev5 ) brutes4 ,!re is a c]ta9 p]fection 9 ! nature ( ea*1 consi/+ 9 ! full developm5t ( all _! p[]s1 to :i* ! exi/+ ord] manife/ly t5ds 444444 ,z = susceptibility to pa91 x is obvi\sly ess5tial to e "p ( corporeal life1 & to discuss ! "q ( degree is absurd4 ,on ! o!r h&1 human capacity = sorr[ is equally necess>y to our :ole moral nature1 & sorr[ itself is a mo/ ess5tial process = ! p]fect+ ( ! s\l4 7,s\l1 pp4 #dc1 #dd47 ,?is1 !n1 is ! f9e balm = all ! angui% "u :i* ! _w has be5 groan+ = ^! ?\s&s ( ye>s6 ,b1 fir/1 h[ does suff]+ t5d to ! p]fection ( ! :ole l[] creation8 ,x enfeebles1 & at la/ de/roys !m1 ,i "k2 b ,i am yet to ,le>n t x is ess5tial to ! p]fection ( animal life4 ,aga91 h[ does x m9i/] to t ( man1 except he be m ?an ! insect ( ! day1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,newman's !ology leaves him 9 utt] d\bt8 ,& if he be immortal1 h[ does x op]ate b5eficially except z an in/rum5t ( moral improvem5t8 ,& h[ r>ely 7comp>atively7 d we see t x has t effect6 ,h[ (t5 is x mo/ prolong$ & tortur+ 9 ^? :o seem lea/ to ne$ x1 & 9 ^? :o are absolutely z yet incapable ( le>n+ f x2 or1 alas6 are too evid5tly pa/ le>n+ f x6 ,h[ (t5 d we see1 sl[ly s9k+ "u ! protract$ agonies ( consumption1 canc]1 or /one1 all ^! v>i\s classes ( mortals1 )\t our be+ able to assign1 or ev5 conjecture1 ! slighte/ reason = su* exp]im5ts6 ,i ackn[l$ge freely1 all1 at we c give no reasons = !m2 b x is to mock mis]able humanity to give su* reasons z ^!2 d\bly to mock x1 if m5 be ! ephem]al creatures :i* ,mr4 ,newman's !ology leaves 9 su* d\bt3 s9ce 9 t case we see n only 7:at we see at any rate7 t physical evil does n always1 nor ev5 9 _m in/ances1 produce a salut>y moral effect1 b t x h>dly matt]s :e!r x does or n2 = j z ! poor pati5t may be beg9n+ to be b5efit$ by 8 discipl9e1 & g5]ally 9 consequ5ce ( x1 he is unluckily annihilat$2 he dies ( 8 m$ic9e6 ,surely1 if physical evil be ?is gr& elixir1 nev] 0 su* a preci\s balm s improvid5tly exp5d$4 ,we may well say1 only ) mu* m reason1 :at ! ,jews said ( ,m>y's box ( o9tm5t1--,:y 0 all ?is wa/e8 ,to be sure x is giv5 9 abundance to ! poor4 ,&1 at ! be/1 ?is exquisite reason+ gives no acc\nt :atev] ( t suff]+ :i* falls ^u innoc5t infancy & *ildhood4 ,x de/roys !m1 h[ev]1 & effectually prev5ts _! atta9+ ! p]fection :i* x is s admirable an in/rum5t ( develop+1 & t too be=e !y c be morally b5efit$ by ! salut>y sorr[ x br+s6 ,susceptibility to pa91 says ,mr4 ,newman1 is ess5tial to corporeal be+4 ,yes1 susceptibility to pa92 j z a creat$ be+ mu/ be liable to annihilation4 ,mu/ he be annihilat$8 ,j z a hungry /oma* mu/ be liable to />vation4 ,mu/ x be />v$8 ,! prim>y (fice ( susceptibilities to pa9 w\ld seem to be to =ew>n u to provide aga9/ x4 ,!y c]ta9ly h t effect4 ,does x necess>ily foll[ t !y mu/ involve angui% & dea?8 ,unless x be suppos$1 inde$1 t nature1 hav+ provid$ su* an admirable app>atus ( susceptibilities ( pa91 ?\ght x a ?\s& pities t !y %\ld n be employ$4 ,b :5 x comes to moral evil1 :i* ,mr4 ,newman ackn[l$ges _c be s lightly dispos$ (1 :at !n8 ,:y1 !n he says1 ,let ! ,gordian knot be cut4 ,well1 :at !n8 ,:y1 !n ,mr4 ,newman frankly assumes t x is transitory & f9ite1 7,s\l1 p4 #de47 & w "o day vani% f ! univ]se1 a supposition = :i* he condesc5ds to give no reason :atev]4 ,/at pro ratione voluntas4 ,t ?is moral evil %\ld h exi/$ at all1 mu* m to s imm5se an ext5t1 "u ! adm9i/ration ( suppos$ inf9ite p[]1 wisdom1 & b5evol5ce1 is ! great difficulty2 t x w ev] cease to be1 is a pure assumption = ! nonce2 b if x w "o day entirely vani%1 x is gratuit\s to suppose x might n h be5 prev5t$4 ,i1 ( c\rse1 ackn[l$ge t we c give no answ] to ! que/ions involv$ 9 ?is transc5d5t my/]y1--t our ignorance is absolute2 b ,i d say1 t1 if ,i am to tru/ to ^? intuitions ( ! ,div9e ,goodness1 on ^: w>ranty ,mr4 ,newman & ,mr4 ,p>k] reject ! ,bible1 z conta9+ :at is unwor?y ( _! conceptions ( ,god1 ,i am compell$ to proce$ fur!r 9 ! same direction2 & repudiate1 z unwor?y ( ,him1 n m]ely "s ( ! ph5om5a ( ! ,book :i* m5 pr(ess to be ,8 ^w1 b also "s ( ! ph5om5a ( t univ]se :i* m5 pr(ess to be ,8 "w4 ,if ,i c only judge1 z ^! g5tlem5 urge1 ( su* a ,be+ by ! analogies ( my own nature1 no intuition ( !irs c possibly seem /rong] ?an d m9e1 t be+s absolutely innoc5t ought n to suff]2 t to inflict suff]+ ^u !m is inju/ice2 t to p]mit any evils :i* we c prev5t is 9 l mann] to be accomplices 9 ! crime4 ,on ^? v pr9ciples ( all moral judgm5t :i* ,mr4 ,newman says are innate & our only rule1 ,i say ,i am compell$ to ^! conclusions2 = if ,god does ^? ?+s :i* are ord9>ily attribut$ to ,him1 ,he acts z mu* 9 contrav5tion ( ^! intuitions z 9 any acts attribut$ to ,him 9 ! ,bible4 ,if x be said1 t !re may be reasons = su* app>5t violations ( rectitude1 :i* we _c fa?om1 ,i d5y x n3 b t is to ackn[l$ge t ! suppos$ maxims d]iv$ f ! analogies ( our own be+ are mo/ deceptive z appli$ to ! ,supreme2 x is to remit u to an act ( absolute fai?1 by :i*1 ) no great] ef=t1 nor s great1 we may be reconcil$ to simil> my/]ies ( ! ,bible4 ,b above all is x to d ?is1 to say t ! orig9 & p]mission ( physical & moral evil are inexplicable2 & x is to d\ble ?is dem& on fai?1 to decl>e t x 0 all necess>y1 & c\ld n be evad$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! univ]se ev5 by inf9ite p[]1 direct$ by inf9ite wisdom1 & bo? animat$ by an inf9ite b5evol5ce6 ,z f> z ,i c tru/ my reason at all1 no?+ seems m improbable2 & if ,i receive x by a transc5d5t ex]cise ( fai?1 ,i may1 z be=e1 give ! ,bible ! b5efit ( a l act4 ,i am compell$1 !re=e1 on su* pr9ciples1 ei!r to adopt a ,mani*aean hypo!sis ( ! univ]se1 or d :at ,i h done1--adopt none at all4 ,i 0 talk+ to a fri5d on ^! subjects ! o!r day3 ,ah6 b1 said he1 _m ( ^? difficulties y m5tion oppress e hypo!sis1--,*ri/ianity j z mu* z ! re/4 ,?is1 ,i repli$1 is no answ] to me nor to y1 if y h a p>ticle ( c&or2 /ill less is x "o to ! ,*ri/ian1 :o consi/5tly applies ! same pr9ciple ( absolute fai? to ?+s app>5tly a priori incr$ible1 :e!r f\nd 9 ! works or 9 ! ^w ( ,god4 ,b if y ?9k ! argum5t ( any =ce1 apply x to ! next ,*ri/ian y meet1 & see :at answ] he w make to y2 x w n tr\ble him4 ,b x is f> m ridicul\s address$ to me4 ,i ask = some?+ 9 ! place ( t ,bible ( :i* ! fai?ful application ( y\r own pr9ciples deprives me2 & :5 ,i affirm t ! difficulties ( ! univ]se are no less ?an ^? ( ! ,bible ,i h surr5d]$1 y tell me t ! p]plexities ( my new position are no great] ?an ^? ( ! old6 ,t cle>ly w n d4 ,i mu/ g fur!r4 ,if ,i am to yield to pret5sions ( any k9d1 ,i w\ld inf9itely pref] ! yoke ( ! ,bible to t ( ,messrs4 ,p>k] & ,newman2 = x is to no?+ else ?an _! dogmatism ,i mu/ yield1 if ,i admit t ! difficulties :i* compel me to d\bt 9 ! "o case are less ?an ^? :i* compel me to d\bt 9 ! o!r4 ,b x is n ev5 true t ! difficulties 9 "q are left :]e !y 7 by ! adoption ( any su* !ory z t ( ei!r ,mr4 ,p>k] or ,mr4 ,newman4 ,i cont5d t !y are all indef9itely increas$4 ,! ,bible does at lea/ give me a plausible acc\nt ( "s ( ! my/]ies :i* baffle me3 x tells me t man 0 creat$ holy & happy2 t he has fall5 f 8 excell5t e/ate2 & h5ce ! mis]y1 ignorance1 & guilt 9 :i* he is involv$1 & :i* h r5d]$ revelation necess>y4 ,b--& x br+s me to ! la/ /ep ( my argum5t--if ,i accept ! !ory ( ! univ]se prop\nd$ by ^! writ]s1 n only am ,i left )\t any su* approximate solutions1 or1 if t be ?\ght too /rong a t]m1 )\t any su* alleviations1 b all ! difficulties z reg>ds ! "*1 attributes1 & adm9i/ration ( ,god1 are increas$ a ?\s&-fold4 ,! ,scripture acc\nt ( ! fall1--h[ev] inexplicable x may be t ,god %\ld h p]mitt$ x1--yet does expressly ass]t t1 someh[ or o!r1 x is man's fault1 n ,god's2 t man is n 9 8 normal condition1 nor 9 ! condition = :i* he 0 creat$4 ,d>k z are ! cl\ds :i* envelop ! ,div9e ,rul]1 _! skirts are t+$ ) gold1--p]vad$ & p5etrat$ ?r\gh\t _! dusky dep?s by t m]cy :i* assures u t1 9 "s intelligible s5se1 ?is condition ( man is contr>y to ! ,div9e ,w1 :i*1 f ! fir/1 resolv$ to rem$y x2 & t a day is com+ :5 :at is my/]i\s %all be expla9$1--s f>1 at lea/1 t :at has be5 wrong %all be right$4 ,b :at is ! !ory ( ! univ]se prop\nd$ by ^! writ]s8 ,s hide\s 7,i solemnly decl>e x7 t ,i feel t5 times m compell$ to reject ! univ]se z a "w ( an inf9itely graci\s1 wise1 & p[]ful ,creator1 ?an if ! difficulties _h be5 simply left :]e ! ,bible leaves !m4 ,accord+ to _! !ory1 man is n[1 j :at he 0 at fir/1--z he came f 8 ,creator's h&2 or r 9 "s p>ts ( ! _w 7?anks to himself ?\gh7 a little bett] ?an he 0 orig9ally2 t ,god ca/ man =?1 s con/itut$ by ! unhappy mal-admixture ( ! elem5ts ( 8 nature1--) su* an inevitable subjection ( ! idea to ! conception1 ( ! spiritual faculty to ! degrad$ types1--t = unnumb]$ ages--= aught we "k1 myriads ( ages--man has be5 sl[ly crawl+ up1 a v slo? 9 progress 7poor bea/671 f ! l[e/ ,feti*ism to ,poly!ism1--f ,poly!ism1 9 all its inf9itude ( degrad+ =ms1 to imp]fect =ms ( ,mono!ism2 & h[ small a portion ( ! race h ev5 imp]fectly rea*$ ?is la/ t]m1 let ! spectacle ( ! _w's religions at ! pres5t mom5t proclaim6 ,f ! m imp]fect =ms ( ,mono!ism1 ! race is gradually to make progress to some?+ else1--,heav5 kn[s :at6 b c]ta9ly some?+ /ill f> bel[ ! horizon1--/ill conceal$ 9 ! illimitable future4 ,= ?is gradual trans=mation f ! v]ie/ religions grub into ! spiritual ,psy*e1 man 0 expressly equipp$ by ! con/itution ( 8 nature1--he 0 creat$ ?is grub4 ,= all ?is truly geological spiritualism1 & = all ! inf9itude ( hide\s sup]/itions & cruel wrongs involv$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is preci\s developm5t1 ,mr4 ,p>k] tells u !re 0 a necessity1--no?+ less6 ,x 0 necess>y1 no d\bt = 8 logic1 t he %\ld say s2 b1 ap>t f 8 own argum5tative exig5cies1 x is impossible ev5 to imag9e any necessity :atev]4 ,x 0 an ordeal1 x seems1 ?r\gh :i* man 0 oblig$ to pass4 ,:at is all ?is1 b to ackn[l$ge ! unacc\ntable nature ( ! problem8 ,) ?is religi\s !ory admirably co9cides ! hypo!sis ( man's hav+ be5 orig9ally creat$ a savage1 f :i* he 0 gradually exalt$ to ! l[e/ /ages ( civilization1--a !ory :i* ,i ?\ght _h 79 m]e %ame7 be5 ab&on$ to "s few ,dei/s ( ! la/ c5tury1 or ! comm5cem5t ( ?is4 ,x is true t ^! writ]s d n expressly indorse x2 b x is easy to see t !y favor x2 & x is mo/ c]ta9 t x alone is consi/5t ) _! p>allel !ory ( man's religi\s developm5t f ! vile/ ,feti*ism to 7%all we say87 a my?ical ,*ri/ianity2 ?\gh ev5 to t v few h yet arriv$4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 ! ,great ,fa!r--suppos$ a be+ ( inf9ite p[]1 wisdom1 & ,goodness--?rew 8 mis]able (f]+ on ! face ( ! e>?1 ) an admirable absolute religion1 no d\bt1 & an admirable spiritual faculty1 b ! idea s inevitably subject to ?w>t+ conceptions1 & ! spiritual faculty s p]petually debau*$ by awe & rev]5ce1 & ! :ole rabble ( emotions & affections ) :i* x 0 to keep company1--9 fact1 ) ! elem5ts ( 8 nature orig9ally s ill pois$ & comp\nd$1 --t ev]y:]e & = unnumb]$ ages man has be5 doom$ & necessitat$1 & = unnumb]$ ages w be doom$ & necessitat$1 to wall[ 9 ! mo/ hide\s1 degrad+1 cruel =ms ( sup]/ition1 --inflict+ & suff]+ reciprocally all ! dreadful evils & wrongs :i* are entail$ by !m4 ,= ?is man 0 creat$2 su* a ?+ he 01--?r\gh ?is ordeal he passes1--by orig9al de/9ation4 ,if ?is be ! picture ( ! ,fa!r ( ,all1 he is less k9d to 8 (f-spr+ ?an ! mo/ intimate intuitions tea* !m to be to !irs4 ,! voice ( nature tea*es !m n to expose _! *ildr52 ! ,univ]sal ,fa!r1 accord+ to ?is !ory1 remorselessly expos$ 86 ,su* a ,god1 project$ by ! spiritual faculties ( ,mr4 ,newman & ,mr4 ,p>k]1 may be imag9$ to be a m wor?y object ( wor%ip ?an ! ,god ( ! ,bible3 he %all nev] receive m9e4 ,if ,i am to abjure ! ,bible because x gives me unwor?y conceptions ( ! ,deity1 ,i mu/1 ) m reason1 abjure1 on simil> gr\nds1 su* a dete/able !ory ( man's creation1 de/9ation1 & hi/ory4 ,z to t progress :i* is promis$ = ! future1 x is l ! necessity = ! pa/1 purely an inv5tion ( ,mr4 ,p>k]2 if ,i receive x1 ,i mu/ receive x simply z matt] ( prophecy4 ,if ! necessity has cont9u$ s long1 !n1 = aught ,i "k1 x may cont9ue = ev]2 ! evil is all too c]ta91--! bright futurity is /ill a futurity4 ,b if x ev] became a reality1 x w\ld n neutralize "o ( ! d>k imputations :i* su* a !ory ( ! orig9al de/9ation & creation ( man ca/s on ! ,div9e "*2 n to say1 t1 if ,mr4 ,newman's d\bts ( man's immortality be well f\nd$1 t bett] future w be ( no m avail to ! myriads ( our race :o h suff]$ "u ! long iron regime ( necessity1 ?an a reprieve to ! wret* :o 0 execut$ ye/]day6 ,i told ,h>r+ton ,i mu/ h a copy ( ! pap] he _h j read4 ,i %\ld l1 ) 8 leave1 to publi% x4 ,o1 & welcome1 said he4 ,only rememb] t its t5d5cy is to %[ t !re is no t5able re/+ place betwe5 a reveal$ religion & none at all2 betwe5 ! ,bible & scepticism4 ,if y make m5 sceptics1--m9d1 x is n my fault4 ,i w take ! risk1 said ,i4 ,i wi% ! controv]sy to be br\ght to ! issue y h m5tion$4 ,i "k !re w nev] be _m sceptics1 any m ?an !re w be _m a!i/s2 & if m5 are conv9c$ t ! ,via ,m$ia is z h>d to f9d z y suppose1--or z t betwe5 ,romanism & ,prote/antism1--!y w take refuge 9 ! ,,bible4 ,& if x be ! ,,book ,,( ,,god inde$1 ?is is ! issue to :i* ! great controv]sy w & ought to come4 ,b h[ is x y 7 n tempt$ to become an a!i/ r ?an a sceptic8 ,:y1 said he1 ) a smile1 ! great ma/] ( ! ,mod]n ,academy _h =tifi$ me aga9/ t4 ,hume1 y "k1 confesses t1 if m5 be discov]$ )\t any impression ( a ,deity1--g5u9e a!i/s1--we may assume t !y w be f\nd ! mo/ degrad$ ( ! species1 & only "o remove above ! brutes4 ,n[ ,i h no wi% to be set d[n 9 t category4 ,v diff]5t4 said ,i1 is ! acc\nt our mod]n a!i/s give ( !mselves3 !y are cont5d+ t ! bani%m5t ( ,god f ! univ]se1 by "o or o!r ( ! v>i\s !ories ( ,a!ism or ,pan!ism 7:i* ,i take to be ! same ?+1 ) diff]5t names71 is ! t5d5cy ( all mod]n sci5ce8 & t :5 t sci5ce is p]fect1 ,god w be no m4 ,my de> uncle1 repli$ ,h>r+ton1 y are insuffici5tly in=m$ 9 ! my/]y ( mod]n !ology4 ,!re are no a!i/s1 prop]ly speak+2 !y :o are s call$ m]ely d5y any p]sonal1 consci\s1 intellig5t sov]eign ( ! univ]se4 ,ev5 ^? :o call !mselves s1 & w h x t !y are s1 are told t !y are none4 ,i myself h p]us$ /atem5ts ( "s ( our mod]n 'spirituali/s1' :o "k e ?+1 ev5 o!r p's consci\sness q z well z _! own 7& p]haps bett]71 t ! said a!i/s are mi/ak5 9 ?9k+ !mselves su*2 t su* g5u9e love ( ! _s ( univ]sal nature is some?+ truly div9e1 & t !y are animat$ by 'a deeply religi\s _s1' ?\gh !y nev] suspect$ x6 ,well1 said ,i4 if y _h too mu* reason1 z y flatt]$ y\rself 7adopt+ ,hume's crit]ion71 to become an a!i/1 c\ld y n h adopt$ su* views z ^? ( ,mr4 ,g4 ,atk9son & ,miss ,m>t9eau1 :o bo? possess surely 7z !y claim to possess7 t 'religi\s rev]5ce' ( nature ( :i* y h j spok58 ,:y1 he repli$1 ,i am afraid t1 if ,i _h too mu* reason = ! "o1 ,i h n fai? en\gh = ! o!r4 ,t ! miracles & prophecies ( ! ,bible may possibly h be5 true1--only ! effect ( mesm]ism2--t ?+s q z wond]ful1 or m s1 happ5 e day by ?is wond]ful ag5t2--t e ph5om5on t takes place does s 9 virtue a p]fectly wise ,,law1 )\t any wise ,,lawgiv]2--t ?is wise law has1 x seems1 pre>rang$ t man %\ld g5]ally exhibit an invet]ate t5d5cy to religi\s sy/ems ( "s k9d1 ?\gh all religions are absurd1 & p]si/ 9 believ+ 9 8 free w1 ?\gh free f a d[nright impossibility2--t ^! contradictions & absurdities ( man are ! result ( an irrev]sible necessity1 & yet t ,mr4 ,atk9son may hope to correct !m2--t1 by ! same necessity1 man is 9 no degree culpable or responsible1 & yet t ,mr4 ,atk9son may p]petually blame him2 --t no man c d any ?+ 'wrong1' & yet t till he believes t1 man w nev] cease to d x2--t p may read )\t _! eyes1 & di/+ui% colors z colors ?\gh !y are born bl9d2--t ,bacon 0 an a!i/1 & t ?is may be prov$ by induction f 8 own writ+s2--^! & o!r p>adoxes1 :i* ,i mu/ believe1 if ,i believe ,mr4 ,atk9son1 require a fai? :i* x w\ld really be unreasonable to expect f su* a sceptic z ,i am4 ,july #ah4 ,till ?ree days ago1 no?+ s9ce my la/ date has occurr$ hav+ any special relation to ! sole object ( ?is j\rnal4 ,i 0 glad to escape on ! #ac? to a quiet *ur* "s miles (f2 &1 aft] a pla9 & simple1 b e>ne/1 s]mon f a v5]able cl]gyman 7( :om ,i %\ld l to "k a little m71 ,i fur!r refre%$ my _s by a long & solit>y ramble ( "s h\rs ?r\gh ! beautiful sc5]y 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ,h>r+ton's dwell+ is situat$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( x1 ,i review$ my own e>ly conflicts1 & augur$ f !m happi] days = my belov$ nephew4 ,i w5t c>efully ov] all ! ma9 po9ts ( ! argum5t = & aga9/ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* 9 y\? _h s (t5 occupi$ me1 & resolv$ t on "s fair opportunity ,i w\ld rec\nt my /ory to him & ,mr4 ,fell[es4 ,i little ?\ght !n t ,i %\ld h a l>g] & v miscellane\s audi5ce to li/5 to me4 ,b ?is w acc\nt = my n be+ to seek 7z !y say7 :5 ! occasion pres5t$ itself4 ,?ree days ago 7! #af?7 a que] company assembl$ 9 ,h>r+ton's quiet h\se4 ,! conv]sations & incid5ts connect$ ) t day h l$ me to take refuge = ! la/ two morn+s 9 ! solitude ( my own *amb]1 t ,i might1 undi/urb$1 recall & record !m ) z mu* accuracy & fulness z possible4 ,v mu*1 inde$1 t ,i wi%$ to rememb] has vani%$2 b ! sub/ance ( :at too _m said1 z well z :at ,i said myself made too deep an impression to be easily oblit]at$4 ,be x kn[n to y1 my de> bro!r1 t ,i h be5 n a little amus$1 ,i may ev5 say in/ruct$1 by a trick play$ by y\r madcap nephew1 = ! honor & glory1 ,i suppose1 ( 8 scepticism1 or = "s o!r motive1 n easily div9$4 ,he promis$ me significantly an ent]ta9m5t1 9 :i* ,i %\ld enjoy ! fea/ ( reason & ! fl[ ( s\l1 by :i* ,i little ?\ght t he 0 go+ to collect a r>e p>ty ( ,rationali/s & ,spirituali/s1 9 fact1 repres5tatives ( all ! m prom95t =ms1 :e!r ( belief or unbelief4 ,i may z well call x ! ,,sceptic',s ,,select ,,p>ty4 ,y rememb]1 ,i d\bt n1 ! humor\s pap] 9 ! ,spectator1 9 :i* ,addison introduces ! :imsical nobleman :o us$ to invite to 8 table p>ties ( m5 7/rang]s to "o ano!r7 all *>act]iz$ by "s simil> p]sonal defect or infirmity4 ,on "o occasion1 twelve wood5-legg$ m5 f\nd /ump+ into 8 d9+-room1 "o aft] ano!r1 mak+1 ( c\rse1 a t]rible clatt]2 on ano!r1 twelve gue/s1 :o all _h ! mis=tune to squ9t1 amus$ _! ho/ ) _! ludicr\s cross lights2 & on a ?ird1 ! same numb] ( /utt]]s ent]ta9$ him /ill m1 n only by _! unc\? imp$im5t1 b by ! ang] ) :i* !y began to sputt] at "o ano!r1 on ! supposition t ea* 0 mock+ 8 neighbor4 ,a %ort-h& writ]1 beh9d ! sc5es1 0 employ$ to take d[n ! conv]sation1 :i*1 says ! witty essayi/1 0 easily done1 inasmu* z "o ( ! g5tlem5 0 a qu>t] ( an h\r 9 say+ t ! ducks & gre5 peas 7 v good1 & ano!r almo/ an equal "t 9 ass5t+ to x4 ,at ! conclusion1 h[ev]1 ! d]id$ gue/s became aw>e ( ! trick _! ent]ta9] _h play$ ^u !m2 & f _! h&s1 quick] ?an _! tongues1 he 0 oblig$ to make a precipitate retreat4 ,our d9n]-p>ty ( ye/]day did n break up 9 any su* fracas1 nor 0 ! conv]sation s unhappily re/rict$4 ,yet ! company 0 h>dly bett] assort$4 ,to br+ x toge!r1 ,h>r+ton ransack$ 8 imm$iate circle1 & ,fell[es unconsci\sly recruit$ = him 9 ! univ]sity t[n4 ,our ho/ _h provid$ = our mutual edification an ,italian g5tleman1 ) :om he _h _h "s pleasant int]c\rse on ! ,cont95t1 7by ! way he spoke ,engli% uncommonly well17 & n[ /ay+ ) a ,roman ,ca?olic 9 ! neighborhood3 ?is g5tleman himself1 ) :om ,h>r+ton1 by means ( 8 =m] fri5d1 has knock$ up an acqua9tance 7he is a lib]al ,ca?olic ( ! true ,briti% species72 our acqua9tance1 ,fell[es1 ) 8 love ( insight & spiritualism6 a "y surgeon f ----41 a r>e1 p]haps unique1 specim5 ( conv]sion to c]ta9 crude a!i/ical speculations ( ,mr4 ,atk9son & ,miss ,m>t9eau2 a "y ,engli%man 7an acqua9tance ( ,h>r+ton's7 j fre% f ,g]many1 aft] sundry seme/]s at ,bonn & ,tub+51 five hundr$ fa?oms deep 9 ,g]man philosophy1 & :o h>dly came once to ! surface dur+ ! :ole ent]ta9m5t2 ?ree ,rationali/s 7acqua9tances ( ,fell[es71 /&+ at some:at diff]5t po9ts 9 ! spiritual !rmomet]1 "o a devot$ advocate ( ,/rauss3 add to ^! a ,dei/1 no unwor?y repres5tative ( ! old ,engli% s*ool2 "o or two o!rs fur!r gone /ill2 a ,roman ,ca?olic prie/1 an admir] ( ,fa!r ,newman1 :o !re=e believes e ?+2 our sceptical fri5d ,h>r+ton1 :o believes no?+2 & myself1 /ill fool en\gh to believe ! ,bible to be div9e1 --& y w ackn[l$ge t a m curi\s p>ty nev] sat d[n to edify "o ano!r ) _! absurdities & contradictions4 ,que/ionable z 0 ! ent]ta9m5t = ! m9d1 t = ! body 0 unexceptionable4 ,! d9n] 0 excell5t2 our ho/ p]=m$ 8 duties ) admirable tact & grace2 & someh[ spe$ily put e body at 8 ease4 ,reliev$1 accord+ to ! judici\s mod]n mode1 ( ! c>e ( supply+ ! plates ( 8 gue/s1 he _h eye1 e>1 & tongue = e "o1 & leisure to direct ! conv]sation into :at *annel he pleas$4 ,he took c>e to turn x = "s "t on indiff]5t topics2 & ea* man lo/ 8 res]ve & 8 frigidity almo/ be=e he 0 aw>e2 s t1 by ! "t d9n] 0 fairly ov]1 e "o 0 ready = animat$ conv]sation4 ,if any "o began to h que] suspicions ( 8 neighbors1 he felt1 z on bo>d %ip1 t he 0 9 = x1 & b\nd1 by common polit5ess1 to make ! be/ ( x4 ,! ,dei/1 address+ himself to ! ,italian g5tleman1 ask$ him if he _h he>d lately f ,italy4 ,he repli$ 9 ! negative4 ,i c tell y "s news1 !n1 said he4 ,!y say t ! head ( ! illu/ri\s ,guicci>d9i family has be5 j imprison$ at ,flor5ce1 hav+ be5 detect$ read+ 9 ,diodati's ,bible a *apt] 9 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john4 ,suppos+ ! fact true1 = a mom5t1 may ,i ask if x w\ld be ! wi% ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 7 %e to rega9 h] p[] 9 ,engl&1 to imprison e "o :o 0 f\nd read+ a *apt] 9 ,john8 ,if s1 ,engl& w\ld h to enl>ge h] prisons4 ,n mu*1 said "o ( ! ,rationali/ g5tlem51 laugh+2 = if ?+s g on z !y h done1 !re w n1 9 a few ye>s1 be _m :o w be f\nd read+ a *apt] 9 ,john4 ,p]haps s1 said ,h>r+ton1 smil+1 b1 if = ! reason y w\ld assign1 few w be f\nd 9 *ur* ei!r2 & ! ecclesia/ical au?orities might p]haps put y 9 prison = t in/ead4 ,o1 ,i w answ] = him6 said ! ,dei/1 :o knew some?+ ( 8 pla/icity2 our fri5d is v accommodat+1 & ?\gh he w\ld n l to g to g to *ur*1 he w\ld /ill less l to g to prison4 ,& to *ur* he w\ld g2 & look v dev\t into ! b>ga94 ,b1 h[ev]1 ,i %\ld l to he> :at y\r ,italian gue/ has to say to my "q4 ,! impati5ce ( ! ,engli% ,ca?olic c\ld n be repress$4 ,if1 said he1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion 7 to rega9 its asc5d5cy to-morr[1 x w\ld leave our entire code ( laws1 lib]ties1 & privileges j z x f\nd !m2 x is "o ( ! _m calumnies ) :i* our ,*ur* is cont9ually treat$1 to say t %e w\ld act o!rwise3 & 7 x n s1 ,i w\ld imm$iately des]t h]4 ,! ,ca?olic prie/ did n look well pleas$ ) ?is frank av[al4 ,i q believe y1 said our ho/4 ,i believe y are too mu* ( an ,engli%man to say or to act o!rwise4 ,s d ,i1 said ! ,dei/2 ,i moreov] agree ) y1 t1 if ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion 7 to rega9 h] asc5d5cy to-morr[1 %e w\ld leave all our privileges intact2 b w\ld %e ! next day1 & ! day aft] t8 ,9 o!r words1 is x an ess5tial pr9ciple ) h] to p]secute1--z 9 ?is in/ance1 to imprison = peep+ betwe5 ! leaves ( ! ,bible1--or is x n8 ,d y ?9k1 ,signor1 t 9 su* acts ! pr9ciples ( y\r ,*ur* are compli$ ) or violat$8 ,! ,italian g5tleman look$ p]plex$2 he presum$ t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* compli$ ) ! actual laws ( e c\ntry2 & if su* ,c\ntry *ose to d5y religi\s lib]ty1 ! ,*ur* did n deem x requisite to decl>e opposition4 ,i fe> t is no answ] to my "q1 cri$ ! o!r1 a little cavali]ly4 ,x _c s]ve y1 ,signor4 ,x w\ld n1 inde$1 s]ve y any:]e = we "k ! anxiety ) :i* ,rome has expressly secur$1 9 h] rec5t concordat ) ,spa91 ! recognition ( ! mo/ intol]ant maxims4 ,b lea/ c x s]ve y 9 ! ,papal ,/ates1 :]e1 unluckily = y\r obs]vation1 ! ,pope is mon>*4 ,y\r rem>k w\ld imply t y\r ,*ur* favor$ ! pr9ciples ( religi\s lib]ty r ?an o!rwise1 b did n deem x "r to oppose ! w ( civil gov]nm5ts4 ,are we to und]/& by t1 t ! *ief ( ! ,papal ,/ates abhors z a ,pope :at he does z a sov]eign8 t 9 ! "o capacity he prote/s aga9/ :at he all[s 9 ! o!r8 ,no1 no1 cont9u$ ?is brusque assailant1 ,x is too late to talk 9 t way4 ,if ! ,*ur* ( ,rome really approve ( religi\s lib]ty1--( su* pr9ciples z ^? :i* gov]n ,engl&1--:]e are h] prote/s & h] ef=ts aga9/ intol]ance & p]secution :]e %e /ill reta9s p[]8 ,x is ! lea/ t humanity c expect ( h]4 ,if n1 let h] pla9ly say t1 :5 %e rega9s p[] 9 ,engl&1 %e w re=m u to ! condition ( ,spa9 & ,italy 9 ?is matt]4 ,= my "p1 ,i frankly ackn[l$ge1 t ,i h m respect = a ,roman ,ca?olic :o proclaims t x is inconsi/5t = 8 ,*ur* to tol]ate :]e x has ! p[] to repress1 because ,i see t t is h] uni=m practice1 & !re=e ought to be h] av[$ maxim4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic prie/1 :o is a devot$ admir] ( ,fa!r ,newman1 said t he ?\ght s too2 & quot$ "s c&id rec5t admissions to t effect f c]ta9 ,engli% ,roman ,ca?olic p]iodicals4 ,to employ1 said he1 ! v words ( a rec5t conv]t to u f ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 ',! ,*ur* ( ,rome may say1 ,i _c tol]ate y2 x is inconsi/5t ) my pr9ciples2 b y c tol]ate me1 = x is n inconsi/5t ) y\rs4 ,! ,dei/ rem>k$ t x 0 /raight=w>d2 t he admir$ x4 ,?\gh z an argum5t1 said he1 x is mu* z if a robb] %\ld say to an hone/ man on ! k+'s highway1 ',h[ advantage\sly ,i am situat$6 ,y _c rob me1 = x is inconsi/5t ) y\r pr9ciples2 b ,i c rob y1 = ,i h none4' ,ano!r ( ! company obs]v$ t he fe>$ x 0 9 va9 = ! ,*ur* ( ,rome to cont5d t %e 0 favorable to fre$om ( op9ion1 9 any degree or =m1 s long z ! ,index ,expurgatorius 0 9 exi/5ce1 or su* /r+5t means adopt$ to repress ! circulation & p]usal ( ! ,scriptures4 ,! lib]al ,engli% ,ca?olic aga9 *af$ at ?is la/ indictm5t4 ,x 01 he said1 ano!r ( ! calumnies ) :i* 8 ,*ur* 0 treat$4 ,h>dly a calumny1 my good sir1 repli$ ! o!r1 9 ! face ( su* facts z t :i* gave rise to ! pres5t conv]sation1 ( ! encyclical lett]s ( ,pius ,,vii41 ,leo ,,xii41 ,gregory ,,xvi41 & _m o!r ,popes1 & ! well-kn[n fact t x is impossible to obta9 9 ,rome itself a copy ( ! ,scriptures1 except at an enorm\s price1 & ev5 !n x mu/ be read by special lic5se4 ,p>don me1 he cont9u$1 /ill address+ ! ,engli% ,ca?olic1 ,i mean no?+ (f5sive to y2 b nei!r ,i nor any o!r ,engli% ,prote/ant c cons5t to admit y s9c]ely lib]al ,engli% ,roman ,ca?olics to be 9 a condition to give u ! requisite in=mation t\*+ ! maxims & pr9ciples ( y\r ,*ur*4 ,y h be5 too long accu/om$ to enjoy & rev]e religi\s lib]ty1 n to imag9e y\r ,*ur* sympa?izes ) x2 y d n realize :at %e is abroad2 & if y be s9c]e 9 condemn+ su* acts z t :i* l$ to ?is conv]sation1 z inconsi/5t ) h] g5u9e pr9ciples1 :y ! om9\s sil5ce ( y & y\r co-religioni/s 9 all su* cases8 ,:]e are y\r prote/s & ef=ts8 ,h[ is x y d n d5\nce maxims & practices s rife ?r\gh\t ,papal ,*ri/5dom1 s9ce y say y w\ld d5\nce !m1 if x 7 attempt$ to realize !m "h8 ,:5 y prote/ ) "o voice aga9/ ^! ?+s z inconsi/5t 7s y say7 ) ! pr9ciples ( y\r ,*ur*1 & z !re=e deeply di%onor+ h]1--:e!r y\r views on ?is po9t be "r or wrong1--we %all at lea/ admit y to h a title to give u an op9ion on ! subject4 ,ev5 !n1 ?\gh1 said ! ,dei/1 we may ?9k x saf] to consult ! op9ions1 &1 :at is ! practices1 ( ! va/ majority ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & h] conduct 9 ! c\ntries 9 :i* %e holds undisput$ sway1 & !re=e ,i am anxi\s to he> :e!r ! ,signor w\ld ju/ify imprisonm5t = read+ ! ,bible4 ,our ho/ seem$ to ?9k t ! conv]sation proce$$ 9 ?is direction q f> en\gh2 & 8 =eign gue/ %\ld be made uncom=table by ^! close inquiries1 obs]v$1 s>ca/ically1 t he 0 glad to f9d t ! qu]i/s 7 s anxi\s to secure ! ine/imable privilege ( freely read+ ,scriptures4 ,x is ! m admirable1 said he to la/ speak]1 z ,i am aw>e x is mo/ dis9t]e/$2 y hav+ too little value = ! ,scriptures to read !m y\rself4 ,sic vos non vobis3 y labor = o!rs4 ,y rem9d me ( ! colloquy 9 ! ',citiz5 ( ! ,_w1' betwe5 ! debtor 9 jail & ! soldi] outside 8 prison w9d[4 ,!y 7 discuss+1 y recollect1 ! *ances ( a ,fr5* invasion4 ',= my "p1' cries ! prison]1 '! greate/ ( my appreh5sions is = our fre$om2 if ! ,fr5* %\ld conqu]1 :at w\ld become ( ,engli% lib]ty8 ',x is n s mu* our lib]ties1' says ! soldi]1 ) a pr(ane oa?1 'z our religion1 t w\ld suff] by su* a *ange2 ay1 our religion1 my lads6' ,! company laugh$1 & ! assailants =got ! =m] topics4 ,our ho/ w5t on fur!r to enc\rage 8 =eign gue/1 ?\gh 9 a left-h&$ way1 ) a gravity :i*1 if ,i _h n kn[n him1 w\ld n only h /agg]$1 b ev5 impos$ ^u me4 ,= my "p1 said he1 my good ,sir1 if ,i 7 y1 ,i %\ld n hesitate to ackn[l$ge at once t x is n only ! true policy1 b ! solemn duty1 ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome to seclude z mu* z possible ! ,scriptures f ! p4 ,! g5tleman look$ gratifi$1 & ! gue/s 7 all att5tion4 ,9 my judgm5t mu* m c be said on behalf ( ! practice ?an at fir/ appe>s2 & if ,i s9c]ely believ$ all y d1 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly advocate ! mo/ /r+5t measures ( repression4 ,! =eign] began to look q at 8 ease4 ,= example1 cont9u$ ,h>r+ton1 9 a v quiet tone1 suppos+ ,i believ$1 z y d1 t ! ,holy ,virg9 is entitl$ to all ! honors :i* y pay h]1 s t1 z is well kn[n1 9 ,italy & o!r c\ntries1 %e ev5 eclipses h] ,son1 & is m eag]ly & fondly wor%ipp$1--x w\ld be impossible = me to p]use ! meagre acc\nts giv5 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ( ?is s prom95t an object ( ,ca?olic rev]5ce & wor%ip1--to read ! brief1 frigid1 n to say h>% spee*es ( ,*ri/1--to contemplate ! /olidity ( ! ,apo/les ) reg>d to h]1 ?r\gh\t _! ,epi/les1--nev] ev5 m5tion+ h] "n1--,i say x w\ld be impossible = me to read all ?is )\t hav+ ! idea sugge/$ t x 0 nev] int5d$ t ,i %\ld pay h] su* homage z y dem& = h]1 or )\t feel+ suspici\s t ! ,new ,te/am5t dis[n$ x & knew no?+ ( x4 ,v true1 said ! ,italian3 ,i mu/ say t ,i h (t5 felt t !re is su* a dang] to myself4 ,simil>ly1 :at a %ock w\ld x p]petually be to my deep rev]5ce = ! spiritual head ( ! ,*ur*1 & my conviction ( 8 und\bt$ inh]itance1 f ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les1 ( 8 augu/ pr]ogatives1 to f9d no trace ( su* a p]sonage z ! ,pope 9 ! sacr$ page1--! title ( ',bi%op ( ,rome' nev] :isp]$1--no h9t giv5 t ,pet] 0 ev] ev5 !re6 ,i really ?9k x w\ld be impossible to read ! book )\t feel+ my fle% creep & my he>t full ( d\bt4 ,simil>ly1 take t s+le my/]y ( 'transub/antiation'2 ?\gh x seems suffici5tly ass]t$ 9 "o text1 :i* !re=e x well 7z is1 inde$1 ! practice ) e pi\s ,ca?olic7 cont9ually to quote alone1 yet1 :5 ,i look into o!r portions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,i see h[ p]petually ,*ri/ is employ+ metaphors equally /rong1 )\t any su* my/]y be+ atta*$ to !m4 ,i _c b feel t ,i & e o!r vulg> read] w\ld be sure to be expos$ to ! p]il ( suspect+ t 9 t s+le case a metaphorical mean+ mu* m probable ?an s great a my/]y4 ,y reason fairly1 my de> ,sir1 said ! ,italian4 ,aga91 cont9u$ ,h>r+ton1 bl&ly b[+ to ! complim5t1 believ+1 z ,i %\ld1 9 ! efficacy ( ! int]cessions ( ! sa9ts1 9 ! wor%ip ( images1 9 sev5 sacram5ts1 9 indulg5ces1 & necessity ( obs]v+ a ritual incomp>ably m elaborate ?an an undevelop$ ,*ri/ianity admitt$1 h[ v1 v apt ,i %\ld be to mis9t]pret _m passages1 bo? 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new6 ,h[ is x possible t ! vulg> read] %\ld be able to limit ! comm& n to b[ d[n 'to any grav5 image' to its true mean+1--t is1 'to any image' except ^? ( ! ,virg9 & all ! sa9ts2 to int]pret aright ! passages :i* speak s absolutely ab\t ! "o ,m$iator & ,int]cessor1 :5 !re are ?\s&s6 ,h[ w he be necess>ily />tl$ to f9d 'sev5' sacram5ts gr[n out ( 'two'6 ,h[ w he be %ock$ at ! app>5t--( c\rse only app>5t--contempt ) :i* ,/4 ,paul speaks ( ritual & c]emonial matt]s1 ( ! futility ( 'fa/s' & di/9ctions ( 'meats & dr9ks1' ( obs]v+ 'days & mon?s & ye>s4' & s on4 ,8 :ole language1 ,i cont5d1 w\ld necess>ily mislead ! simple into h]esies innum]able4 ,( numb]less texts1 aga91 ev5 if ! mean+ 7 n mi/ak51 ! true mean+ w\ld nev] be discov]$ unless ! ,*ur* _h decl>$ x4 ,:o1 = example1 w\ld h suppos$ t ! doctr9e ( ! ,pope's supremacy & univ]sal jurisdiction lay hid "u expressions su* z ',i say unto !e t ?\ art ,pet]1' & ',fe$ my %eep'2 or t ! two swords ( ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les meant ! temporal & spiritual au?ority ) :i* he 0 inve/$8 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ,i mu/ say1 t1 if ,i 7 a dev\t ,ca?olic1 ,i %\ld plead = ! absolute suppression ( a book s inf9itely likely--nay1 s necess>ily c]ta9--to mislead4 ,x is precisely on t gr\nd1 said ! ,italian1 & on t gr\nd only1 ! welf>e ( ! ,*ur*1 t our ,holy ,"m does n approve ( ! ,bible be+ read g5]ally4 ,! true !ory ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* w\ld nev] be elicit$ f x4 ,precisely s1 said our ho/1 gravely2 ,i am sure x c\ld n4 ,b !n1 rem>k$ our fri5d1 ! ,dei/1 s9ce ! ,*ur* ( ,rome holds ?is book to be ! inspir$ revelation ( ,god to mank9d1 is x n s+ul> to say t ?is 'revelation' requires to be c>efully conceal$ f mank9d2 t ! ,bible is invaluable1 inde$1 b only :ile x is unread2 & t1 9 fact1 ! ,*ur* kn[s h]self bett] ?an ,jesus ,*ri/ himself did8 = 9 t book we are suppos$ to h ! words ( ,him & h] f\nd]s1 & yet x seems !y c\ld only mislead6 ',nev] man spake l ?is man1' may well be said ( ,*ri/1 if ?is 7 true4 ,nev] m9d him1 ,signor1 said our ho/4 ,he secretly _c b approve ( y\r end1 ?\gh he disapproves ! means4 ,! ,dei/ look$ surpris$4 ,:y1 h y n sometimes said t y believe ! ,bible to be1 9 _m respects1 a mo/ p]nici\s book8 t _m ( ! mo/ ob/9ate & dang]\s prejudices ( mank9d are pr9cipally due to x8 & t y wi% x 7 9 y\r p[] to de/roy x8 ,well1 ,i c]ta9ly h ?\ght s1 if n said s4 ,!n y approve ( ! end1 ?\gh y disapprove ( ! means4 ,y ought to ?ank our fri5d "h1 & regret t 8 "w is n done m effectually4 ,b en\gh ( ?is4 ,i mu/ n h my respect$ ,roman ,ca?olic gue/s alone put on ! def5sive4 ,! ,signor fairly tells u :at 8 sy/em is 9 relation to ! ,bible & :y he w\ld place x "u lock & key2 he tells y also :at bett] ?+ he sub/itutes :5 he removes ! ,bible4 ,i really ?9k x is b fair & c&id 9 y to d z mu*4 ,i "k y all believe t y are n only 9 que/ ( religi\s tru?1 b h f\nd x to "s ext5t or o!r3--= my own "p ,i am exempt$ f speak+2 = ,i h giv5 ov] ! se>* 9 despair4 ,?is frank ackn[l$gm5t 0 foll[$ by "s highly curi\s conv]sation1 ( :i* ,i regret my inability to recall all ! p>ticul>s4 ,suffice x to say1 t !re 7 n two :o 7 agre$ ei!r z to ! gr\nds on :i* ,*ri/ianity 0 deem$ a ?+ ( naught1 or on :at 0 to be sub/itut$ 9 its place2 "o ev5 _h 8 d\bts :e!r any ?+ ne$ be sub/itut$1 & ano!r ?\ght t any ?+ might be4 ,"o ( ! ,rationali/s 0 a little (f5d$ at be+ suppos$ will+ to ab&on ! ,bible at all3 he decl>$1 on ! contr>y1 8 unfeign$ rev]5ce = ! ,new ,te/am5t at lea/1 z conta9+1 9 l>g] mass & pur] ore ?an any o!r book 9 ! _w1 ! pr9ciples ( e?ical tru?2 t he 0 will+ ev5 to admit--) exquisite naivete--t x 0 inspir$ 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* ,plato's ,dialogues & ! ,koran 7 inspir$2 he m]ely disp5s$ ) all t 0 sup]natural & miracul\s & my/ical6 ,! ,dei/ laugh$1 & told him t he believ$ j z mu*1 if t con/itut$ a ,*ri/ian4 ,i believe1 said he1 t ! ,new ,te/am5t is q z mu* inspir$ z ! ,koran ( ,mahomet2 & t x conta9s m ( e?ical tru? 7h[ev] x came !re7 ?an is to be f\nd 9 any o!r book ( equal bulk4 ,b1 he proce$$1 if y disp5se ) all t is miracul\s 9 ! facts1 & all t is peculi> & *>act]i/ic 9 ! doctr9es1--t is1 all :i* discrim9ates ,*ri/ianity f any o!r religion1--,i am afraid t y\r ,*ri/ianity is own born bro!r to my ,infidelity4 ,z = y\r rev]5ce = ?is inspir$ book1 s9ce y mu/ reject n9ety p] c5t4 ( ! :ole1 x seems to me v gratuit\s2 equally s1 :e!r y suppose ! compil]s believ$ or disbeliev$ ! facts & doctr9es y reject2 if ! =m]1 & !y 7 deceiv$1 !y mu/ h be5 inspir$ idiots2 if ! latt]1 & 7 deceiv+ o!rs1 !y 7 surely inspir$ knaves4 ,= my "p1 he cont9u$1 :ile ,i hold t ! book someh[ does unacc\ntably conta9 m ( ! morally true & beautiful ?an any book ( equal ext5t1 ,i also hold t ,*ri/ianity itself is a pure impo/ure f beg9n+ to end4 ,?is co>se av[al ( adh]5ce to ! eld]1 &1 aft] all1 m intelligible deism1 br\ght d[n ^u him at once two ( ! company4 ,"o 0 ! disciple ( ,/rauss 7,i mean z reg>ds 8 !ory ( ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity1 n z reg>ds 8 ,pan!ism72 ! o!r a ,rationali/1 ) ab\t ! same small tatt]s ( ,*ri/ianity flutt]+ ab\t him1 b :o 0 a little dispos$1 l s _m ,g]man !ologians1 to consid] ,/rauss z some:at passe4 ,unhappily1 got a?w>t ea* o!r's b[s %ortly aft] !y into action4 ,!y bo? enl>g$--really 9 a edify+ mann]1 ,i c\ld h li/5$ to !m an h\r--on ! absurdity ( ! ,dei/'s argum5t6 ,:at6 cri$ "o2 ! pure/ sy/em ( e?ics f ! mo/ %ameless impo/ors6 ,& :at d y make ( ! inf9itely v>i$ & inimitable m>ks ( simplicity & hone/y 9 ! writ]s8 cri$ ! o!r4 ,& :o does n see ! impossibility ( gett+ up ! miracles s z to impose ^u a _w ( bitt] & prejudic$ enemies 9 op5 day8 exclaim$ ! ,rationali/4 ,!y 7 obvi\sly m]e my?s1 cri$ ! ,/raussian4 ,t ,i mu/ beg to d\bt1 said ! o!r4 ,& n[1 z !y proce$$ to give ea* 8 own solution ( ! difficulty1 ! sc5e became comic 9 ! extreme4 ,! ,rationali/ ridicul$ ! notion t nations & races1 all ( :om1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 mu/ h be5 prejudic$ aga9/ su* my?s z ^? ( ,*ri/ianity1 c\ld orig9ate or w\ld believe !m2 & /ill m1 ! notion t 9 s %ort a space ( "t ^! wilde/ ( wild leg5ds 7if leg5ds at all7 c\ld induce ! _w to acquiesce 9 !m z hi/oric realities6 ,9 8 zeal he ev5 said1 t1 ?\gh n altoge!r satisfi$ ) x1 he w\ld soon] believe all ! frigid glosses by :i* ! s*ool ( ,paulus _h endeavor$ to resolve ! miracles into misund]/ood natural ph5om5a4 ,z ! dispute became m animat$ betwe5 ^! ?ree *ampions1 !y exhibit$ a delicate trait ( human nature1 :i* ,i saw our sceptical ho/ mo/ malici\sly enjoy$4 ,ea* became m anxi\s to prove t 8 mode ( prov+ ,*ri/ianity false 0 ! true mode1 ?an to prove ! falsehood ( ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,i tell y :at1 said ! ,/raussian1 ) "s w>m?1 soon] ?an believe all ! absurdities ( su* an hypo!sis z t ( ,paulus1 ,i c\ld believe ,*ri/ianity to be :at x pr(esses to be4 ,i may say ! same ( t ( ,/rauss1 said ! o!r1 ) equal asp]ity2 if ,i _h no bett] escape ?an 81 ,i c\ld say to him1 z ,agippa to ,paul1 ',almo/ ?\ p]suade/ me to be a ,*ri/ian4' ,= my "p1 exclaim$ ! ,dei/1 :o 0 p]fectly cont5t$ ) 8 brief solution1--! difficulties ( ! problem he _h nev] _h ! pati5ce to ma/]1 --,i %\ld r say1 z ,fe/us to ,paul1 ',mu* le>n+ has made y bo? mad'3 & soon] ?an believe ! impossibilities ( ! !ory ( ei!r1--soon] ?an suppose m5 hone/ly & guilelessly to h misl$ ! _w by a book :i* y & ,i admit to be a tissue ( fables1 leg5ds1 & my/ical non-s5se1--,i c\ld almo/ f9d x 9 my he>t to g ov] to ! ,pope himself4 ,good1 :isp]$ our ho/ to me1 :o sat at 8 left h&2 we %all h !m all becom+ ,*ri/ians1 by & by1 j to spite "o ano!r4 ,! admir] ( ,mr4 ,atk9son & ,miss ,m>t9eau "h rem9d$ ! company t ! miracles ( ! ,new ,te/am5t might be true1--only ! result ( mesm]ism4 ,*ri/1 said he1 to employ ! words ( ,mr4 ,atk9son1 0 con/itutionally a clairvoyant 44444 ,prophecy & miracle & inspiration are ! effects ( abnormal conditions ( man 44444 ,prophecy1 clairvoyance1 heal+ by t\*1 visions1 dreams1 revelations1 4444 are n[ kn[n to be simple matt]s 9 nature1 :i* may be induc$ at w1 & exp]im5t$ ^u at our firesides1 "h 9 ,engl& 7climate & o!r circum/ances p]mitt+71 z well z 9 ! ,holy ,l&499 ,b no "o seem$ prep>$ to receive ?is hypo!sis4 ,at la/1 our ho/1 address+ ! ,dei/1 said1 ,b y =get1 ,mr4 ,m41 t1 ?\gh y f9d x insurm\ntably difficult to conceive a book full ( lies 7z y express x7 to h be51 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 ! product ( hone/ & guileless m9ds1 y ought to f9d x a little difficult to conceive a book 7z y admit ! ,new ,te/am5t to be7 ( pr(\nd moral wor? produc$ by %ameless impo/ors4 ,b let t pass4 ,let u assume t ,*ri/ianity1 z a sup]naturally reveal$ & miracul\sly au!nticat$ sy/em1 is false1 ?\gh y are dolefully at v>iance z to h[ x is to be prov$ s2 let u assume1 ,i say1 t ?is sy/em is false1 & dismiss x4 ,i am mu* m anxi\s to he> :at is ! positive sy/em ( religi\s tru?1 :i* y are ( c\rse ea* p]suad$ is ! true "o4 ,i h left (f to seek1' b if any "o w f9d ! tru? = me )\t my 'seek+' x1 h[ rejoic$ %all ,i be6 --- 99 ,he cit$ ! sub/ance ( ^! s5tim5ts4 ,i h s9ce ref]r$ to1 & "h quote1 ! ipsissima v]ba4 ,see ,lett]s1 c41 pp4 #age1 #bab4 --- ,pa9ful z 7 ! revelations :i* ensu$1 ,i w\ld n h miss$ !m on any acc\nt4 ,9 v9o v]itas1 says ! prov]b :i* on ?is occasion li$ mo/ vilely2 yet x 0 true 9 ! only s5se 9 :i* v]itas is !re us$2 = !re 0 unb\nd$ c&or & frankness1 "u ! inspir+ hospitality ( our ho/1 aid$ by 8 skilful managem5t ( ! conv]sation4 ,nor 0 !re1 ,i am b\nd to say1 mu* ( co>se ribaldry1 ev5 f ! free-spok5 repres5tative ( ! ,t9dals & ,wool/ons ( o!r days4 ,b ! v>ieties ( judgm5t & op9ion 9 t small company 7 almo/ numb]less4 ,fell[es1 & two ( ! ,rationali/s1 7 firm believ]s 9 ! !ory ( insight2 t ! human _s d]ives1 by imm$iate intuition f ! dep?s ( its consci\sness1 a revelation ( religi\s & spiritual tru?4 ,!y diff]$1 h[ev]1 z to sev]al articles2 b especially z to ! little po9t1 :e!r ! fact ( man's future exi/5ce 0 among/ ! intimations ( man's religi\s nature2 "o cont5d+ t x 01 ano!r t x 0 n1 & ,fell[es1 z usual1 ) sev]al m ( ! company1 decl>+ t _! consci\sness told !m no?+ ab\t ! matt] ei!r way4 ,b :5 "s "o fur!r decl>$1 amid/ ^! v disputes1 t ?is int]nal revelation 0 s cle> & pla9 z n only to anticipate & sup]s$e any ext]nal revelation1 b to r5d] x impossible to be giv51 our ho/ sudd5ly broke out into a fit ( laught]4 ,! disputants 7 sil5t1 & e "o look$ to him = an explanation4 ,he seem$ to feel t x 0 due1 &1 aft] apologiz+ = 8 rud5ess1 said1 t1 :ile "s ( !m 7 ass]t+ man's cle> int]nal revelation1 he c\ld n help ?9k+ ( ! :imsical contra/ pres5t$ by ! div]sifi$ speculations & op9ions ( ev5 ?is little p>ty1 & ! inf9itely m :imsical contra/ pres5t$ by ! gross delusions ( poly!ism & sup]/ition1 :i* 9 su* endless v>iations ( =m & un*ang+ id5tity ( folly _h misl$ ! nations ( ! e>? = s _m ?\s&s ( ye>s3 ,& j !n1 said he1 x occurr$ to me :at a curi\s comm5t>y x w\ld be on ! ass]t$ unity & suffici5cy ( 'int]nal revelation1' if ! ',great ,exhibition ( ! ,indu/ry ( all ,nations' 7 foll[$ up by a ',great ,exhibition ( ! ,idolatry ( all ,nations' "u ! same ro(4 ,?i!r night be br\ght specim5s ( ! +5i\s h&icraft ( m5 9 ! manufacture ( deities2 we might h ! :ole process1 9 all its v>ieties1 complete2 ! raw mat]ial ( a ,god 9 a block ( /one or wood1 & ! mo/ f9i%$ specim5 9 ! %ape ( a ,phidian ,jupit]2 ! c\ntless bits ( trump]y :i* ,feti*ism has ev] consecrat$2 ! div9e mon/]s ( anci5t ,egypt1 & ! equally div9e mon/]s ( mod]n ,india2 ! inf9ite array ( grim de=mities hall[$ by ,am]ican1 ,asiatic1 & ,african sup]/ition4 ,i imag9$1 not)/&+ ! va/ness ( t ,cry/al ,pan!on1 !re w\ld /ill be cr[ds ( _! god%ips :o w\ld be oblig$ to wait outside1 hav+ come too late to exhibit _! p]fections to advantage4 ,h[ev]1 z ,i w5t 9 fancy up ! long aisles1 & saw1 to ! "r & ! left1 ! admir+ cr[ds ( wor%ipp]s1 grimac+1 & m[+1 & pro/rat+ !mselves1 ) a folly :i* might lead "o reasonably to suppose1 t1 mis]able z 7 ! gods1 !y 7 gods inde$ comp>$ ) su* wor%ipp]s1 ,i imag9$ my wor?y fri5d ,fell[es 9 ! corn] :]e ! ,bible1 9 its #abj languages1 is n[ kept1 employ$ 9 deliv]+ a lecture on ! admirable cle>ness ( ^? intuitions ( spiritual tru? :i* con/itute ea* man's p>ticul> oracle1 & ! sup]fluity ( all 'ext]nal' revelation4 ,?is 01 ,i confess1 a little too mu* = my gravity1 & ,i 0 involunt>ily guilty ( ! rud5ess = :i* ,i n[ apologize4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly a ridicul\s vision en\gh2 & we made ourselves v m]ry by pursu+ x = a little :ile4 ,pres5tly ! company resum$ _! solutions (f ! great problem4 ,! ,dei/ rem>k$1 t "o & only "o ?+ 0 pla91 & indubitable1--= he 0 a dogmati/ 9 8 way2--x 01 t intellect & p[] to an indef9ite ext5t _h be5 at "w 9 ! univ]se1 b :e!r ! ,be+ to :om ^! attributes belong$ took any cognizance ( man1 or 8 actions1 he _h nev] be5 able to make up 8 m9d4 ,yet surely x does make a slight diff]5ce1 said ,h>r+ton1 s9ce if ,god takes no cognizance ( man1 !n1 z ,cic]o long ago rem>k$ ( ! idle dogs ( ,epicurus1 --,i mean gods ( ,epicurus1 ,i beg _! p>don1 b really x does n matt] :i* consonant comes fir/1--a!ism & deism are mu* ! same ?+4 ,:y1 said ! ,dei/1 !re is z mu* diff]5ce z 9 ! !ories ( our 'intuitional' fri5ds "h1 "o ( :om admits1 & ano!r d5ies1 ! future exi/5ce ( man2 = if we be ! ephem]al insects ! latt] supposes1 x little matt]s :at sy/em ( religion we esp\se or abjure4 ,h[ev]1 ,i am cle> t1 if ,god require any duty ( u1 x is t we %\ld rev]5ce him z ! ,creator ( all ?+s1--pray] to him is an absurdity1--& p]=m ^? (fices ( hone/ m5 :i* are s cle>ly ! dictates ( consci5ce1--! rew>d & puni%m5t be+ exclusively ! result ( pres5t laws4 ,:i* laws1 said 8 next neighbor1 (t5 secure no rew>d or puni%m5t at all1--or r1 (t5 give ! rew>d to ! vice ( man1 & ! puni%m5t to 8 virtue4 ,v true1 rejo9$ ! ,dei/1 & ,i mu/ say1--sagely %ak+ 8 head1--t su* ?+s make me (t5 suspect ! :ole ( t slipp]y1 unc]ta9 ?+ call$ 'natural religion1' :e!r z taught by ! eld] dei/s or modifi$ by our mod]n spirituali/s4 ,surely !y may be abundantly *>g$ ) ! same faults ) :i* !y tax ! ,*ri/ian2 = !y are full ( int]m9able disputes ab\t ! 'tru?s' or 's5tim5ts' ( _! !ology4 ,"o ( ^? :o _h gone fur!r ?an our ,dei/s felt dispos$ to "q all immutable morality orig9al dictates ( consci5ce4 ,i d\bt1 said he1 :e!r ^? dictates are any cle>] ?an ^? dogmas ( 'natural religion' :i* h be5 s oppugn$2 & ,i judge s = ! same reason1--! endless disputes ( m5 ) reg>d to ! s\rce1 ! rule1 ! obligation ( :at !y call duty2 :i* are exactly simil> to ! disputes :i* we *>ge ^u ! ,natural ,religioni/ & ! ,*ri/ian4 ,& "h he ran ?r\gh half a doz5 ( ! two score !ories :i* ! hi/ory ( e?ics pres5ts1 r>e "w ) ,plato & ,ari/otle1 ,hobbes1 ,cudwor?1 ,m&eville1 & ,b5?am4 ,meantime1 he conclud$1 we d see1 9 po9t ( fact1 t ! moral rule is mo/ flexible1 & to an indet]m9ate degree ! creature ( association1 cu/om1 & education1 s t ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t t alone is obligatory :i* ! positive laws & in/itutions ( any society r5d] b9d+4 ,s t cri$ ,h>r+ton1 a man bo? may & ought to ?ieve 9 anci5t ,sp>ta1 may expose 8 p>5ts 9 ,h9do/an1 & commit infanticide 9 ,*9a6 ,x is a pity1 ar*ly :isp]$ ! ,italian gue/1 t ?is g5tleman 0 n born 9 ,*9a4 ,x is a respectable1 b v old speculation1 said ,h>r+ton1 ( :i* _m anci5t morali/s av[$ !mselves ! advocates1 b ( :i* x is only fair to admit t ,plato & _m o!r hea!ns 7 he>tily a%am$4 ,x seem$ z if ! ba?os ( !ological & e?ical absurdity c\ld n lie deep]2 b ,i 0 mi/ak54 ,! admir] ( ,mr4 ,atk9son decl>$ ) great mode/y t he ?\ght1 z did 8 favorite au?or1 t ! :ole _w _h be5 mad on ! subject ( !ology & morality2--t ! prime error consi/$ 9 ! sup]ficial notion ( a ,p]sonal ,deity1 & ! fooli% attribution ( ! notion ( s9 & crime to human motives & conduct1 in/ead ( reg>d+ ! =m] z a "n ( an absolutely unkn[n cause ( ! entire ph5om5a ( ! univ]se1 & ! latt] z "p ( a s]ies ( rigidly necess>y antec$5ts & consequ5ts1 = :i* man is no m to be ei!r blam$ or prais$ ?an ! sun = %9+ or ! avalan*e = fall+2 he add$1 t only 9 ?is way c\ld man atta9 peace4 ,z ,mr4 ,atk9son beautifully says1 ',:at a hopeful & calm+ influ5ce has su* a contemplation ( nature6 ,at ?is mom5t x is n ,i1 b ! nature )9 me1 t dictates my spee* & guides my p54 ,i am :at ,i am4 ,i _c alt] my w1 or be o!r ?an :at ,i am1 & _c des]ve ei!r rew>d or puni%m5t4' ,b ,i feel ) him1 ',we may prea* ^! ?+s1 & m5 may ?9k u mad or some?+ worse4' 7,pp4 #aij1 #aia47 ,& p]haps ju/ly1 said ,h>r+ton1 ) a laugh1 = nature has surely1 aft] s _m ?\s&s ( ye>s1 let y "k :at h] law is1 & y say t t law is necess>y & irrev]sible1 & yet y /rive to alt] x6 ,y _h bett] leave m5 to _! necess>y absurdities4 ,nay1 said ! o!r1 z ,mr4 ,atk9son says1 f ! recognition ( a univ]sal law we %all develop a univ]sal love2 ! disposition & ability to love )\t (f5ce or ill-feel+ t[>ds any2 or1 z ,miss ,m>t9eau repres5ts x1--,:5 ! m9d has completely surm\nt$ e idea ( a p]sonal ,god1 ( a supreme w1 ':at repose beg9s to p]vade ! m9d6 ,:at cle>ness ( moral purpose naturally ensues6 & :at heal?ful activity ( ! moral faculties6' 7p4 #bai7 4444 ,:at a new p]ception we obta9 ( ! beauty ( hol9ess1--! lovel9ess ( a heal?ful moral condition1--accordant ) ! laws ( natures1 & n ) ! requisitions ( !ology6' 7p4 #bai47 ,i got him aft]w>ds to %[ me ^! passages1 = ,i c\ld h>dly believe t he _h quot$ !m "r4 ,& z = morality1 cont9u$ he1 ! k :i* mesm]ism gives ( ! influ5ce ( body on body1 & consequ5tly ( m9d on m9d1 w br+ ab\t a morality we h n yet dream$ (4 ,& :o %all disguise 8 nature & 8 acts :5 we _c be sure at any mom5t t we are free f ! clairvoyant eye ( "s "o :o is obs]v+ our actions & mo/ secret ?\ghts2 & our :ole "* & hi/ory may be read (f at any mom5t6 7,h4 ,g4 ,a4 to ,h4 ,m41 p4 #bhj47 ,:at an admirable sub/itute1 ?\ght ,i1 = ! idea ( an omnipres5t & omnisci5t ,deity6 ,:o w n ab/a9 f ly+ & /eal+ :5 he ?9ks1 !re is possibly "s clairvoyant at ! antipodes 9 mesm]ic rapport ) 8 own _s1 & p]haps1 by ! way1 9 v sympa?iz+ rapport1 if ! clairvoyant happ5 to be 9 ,au/ralia8 ,x 0 at ?is po9t t our "y fri5d f ,g]many broke 94 ,i hold t y are "r1 ,sir1 he said to ! la/ speak]1 9 say+ t ,god is n a p]son2 b !n x is because1 z ,hegel says1 he is p]sonality itself--! univ]sal p]sonality :i* realizes itself 9 ea* human consci\sness1 z a sep>ate ?\ght ( ! "o et]nal m9d4 ,our idea ( ! absolute is ! absolute itself2 ap>t f & out ( ! univ]se1 !re=e1 !re is no ,god4 ,i ?9k we may grant y t1 said ,h>r+ton1 laugh+4 ,nor1 cont9u$ ! o!r1 is !re any ,god ap>t f ! univ]sal consci\sness ( man4 ,he-- ,ought y n to say x8 said ,h>r+ton4 ,x1 !n1 said our /ud5t1 is ! entire process ( ?\ght comb9+ 9 itself ! objective movem5t 9 nature ) ! logical subjective1 & realiz+ itself 9 ! spiritual totality ( humanity4 ,he 7or x1 if y w7 is ! et]nal movem5t ( ! univ]sal1 ev] rais+ itself to a subject1 :i* fir/ ( all 9 ! subject comes to objectivity & a real consi/5ce1 & accord+ly absorbs ! subject 9 its ab/ract individuality4 ,god is1 !re=e1 n a p]son1 b p]sonality itself4 ,nobody answ]$1 = nobody und]/ood4 ,q4 ,e4 ,d41 said ,h>r+ton1 ) ! utmo/ gravity4 ,?us enc\rag$1 our /ud5t 0 go+ on to %[ h[ mu* m cle> ,hegel's views are ?an ^? ( ,s*ell+4 ,! only real exi/5ce1 he said1 is ! relation2 subject & object1 :i* seem contradictory1 are really "o1--n "o 9 ! s5se ( ,s*ell+1 z opposite poles ( ! same absolute exi/5ce1 b "o z ! relation itself =ms ! v idea4 ,n b :at 9 ! ?reefold rhy?m ( univ]sal exi/5ce !re are aff9ities ) ! ?ree pot5cies ( ,s*ell+2 b---- ,take a glass ( w9e4 said ,h>r+ton to 8 "y acqua9tance1 take a glass ( w9e1 z ! ,antiqu>y said to ,sir ,ar?ur ,w>d\r1 :5 he 0 try+ to c\gh up ! b>b>\s names ( 8 ,picti% ance/ors1 '& wa% d[n t bead-roll ( unbaptiz$ j>gon :i* w\ld *oke a dog4' ,we laugh$1 = we c\ld n help x4 ,our "y /ud5t look$ (f5d$1 & mutt]$ some?+ ab\t ! inaptitude ( ! ,engli% = a deep !osophy & philosophy4 ,x is all v well4 said he1 ,mr4 ,h>r+ton2 b x is n 9 ?is way t ! pr(\nd que/ions :i*1 "u "s aspects1 h divid$ su* m9ds z ,fi*te1 ,s*ell+1 & ,hegel2 & "u o!rs1 ,gosehel1 ,h9ri*s1 ,erdmann1 ,m>he9eke1 ,s*all]1 ,gabl] ----- ,h>r+ton bur/ out laugh+4 ,!y divide a good _m philosoph]s ( t la/ "n 9 ,engl& also1 said he4 ,:y1 :at h ,i said8 repli$ ! o!r1 look+ surpris$ & vex$4 ,no?+ at all1 said ,h>r+ton1 /ill laugh+4 ,no?+ t ,i "k (2 ,i am sure ,i may ) tru? affirm x4 ,b ,i beg y\r p>don = laugh+2 only ,i c\ld n help x1 at f9d+ y l s _m o!r "y philosoph]s born ( ,g]man !ology & philosophy1 attempt+ to fright5 me by a m]e roll-call ( =midable names4 ,:y1 my fri5d1 x is because ^! ?+s h1 z y say1 divid$ ^! great m9ds s hopelessly1 t ,i am 9 difficulty2 if ! philosoph]s _h agre$ ab\t !m1 x w\ld h be5 ano!r /ory4 ,"o w\ld ?9k1 to he> !m invok$ by _m a y\? "h1 t ^! p[]ful m9ds _h conv9c$ "o ano!r2 in/ead ( t1 !y h simply conf\nd$ "o ano!r4 ,x 0 ! v spectacle ( _! int]m9able disputes & di/ractions 9 philosophy & !ology1--ev] d>k] & d>k]1 deep] & deep]1 z sy/em aft] sy/em *as$ ea* o!r away1 l ! cl\ds !y resemble ?r\gh a w9t] sky2--,i say x 0 ! v spectacle ( _! di/ractions :i* fir/ made me a sceptic2 & ,i ?9k ,i am h>dly likely to be reconv9c$ by ! m]e s\nd ( _! names1 u%]$ 9 by vague pr(essions ( pr(\nd admiration ( _! pr(undity6 ,! praise is (t5 oddly ju/ifi$ by cit+ some?+ or o!r1 :i*1 obscure en\gh 9 ! orig9al1 is absolute d>kness :5 translat$ into ,engli%2 & mu/1 l "s v]sions ,i h se5 ( ! classics1 be exam9$ 9 ! orig9al1 9 ord] to ga9 a glimpse ( its mean+4 ,! /ud5t ackn[l$g$ t !re 0 c]ta9ly mu* vague admiration & pret5sion among/ "y ,engli%m5 9 ?is matt]2 b ?\ght t pr(\nd] views 7 to be ga!r$ f ^! s\rces ?an 0 g5]ally ackn[l$g$4 ,v well1 repli$ ,h>r+ton2 ,i d n d5y x1 p]haps x is s2 & :5ev] y *oose to ju/ify t op9ion by express+ 9 intelligible ,engli% ! special views ( ! special au?or y ?9k ?us wor?y ( att5tion1 :e!r he be f ,g]many or ,timbuctoo1 ,i humbly v5ture to say t ,i w 7s f> f laugh+7 exam9e !m ) z mu* pati5ce z y\rself4 ,b if y wi% to cure me ( laugh+1 ,i besee* y to refra9 f all vague appeals to :olesale au?ority4 ,! mo/ ludicr\s circum/ance1 h[ev]1 he cont9u$1 connect$ ) ?is ,g]man mania is1 t 9 _m cases our admir+ c\ntrym5 are too late 9 *ang+ _! metaphysical fa%ions2 s t !y sometimes take up ) rapture a man :om ! ,g]mans are j beg9n+ to ca/ aside4 ,our s]vile imitators live on ! crumbs t fall f ! ,g]man table1 or run (f ) ! well-pick$ bone to _! k5nel1 z if x 7 a treasure1 & gr[l & %[ _! tee? to any "o t approa*es !m1 9 v sup]flu\s t]ror ( be+ depriv$ ( x4 ,x w\ld be well if !y 7 to imitate ! import]s ( ,p>isian fa%ions1 & let u "k :at is ! philosophy or !ology a la mode1 t we may n run a *ance ( appe>+ p]fect frights 9 ! e/imate ev5 ( ! ,g]mans !mselves4 ,c(fee 0 "h br\ght 93 & ,h>r+ton said1 ,?ank y1 g5tlem51 = y\r c&or1 ?\gh y\r unanimity does n seem v admirable4 ,9 "o s5tim5t1 inde$1 y are pretty well agre$1--t ! ,bible is to be disc>d$2 ?\gh y are inf9itely at v>iance1 z to ! gr\nds on :i* y ?9k s2 ,ca?olic fri5ds deem+ x too preci\s to be intru/$ to e body's h&s1 & ! re/ ( y1 z a gift n wor? receiv+4 ,b z to ! sy/ems y w\ld sub/itute 9 its place1 !y are s port5t\sly v>i\s t !y are h>dly likely to cure me ( my scepticism2 nor ev5 my wor?y relative "h--po9t+ to me--( 8 old-fa%ion$ or?odoxy4 ,he w say1 ',mu* z we !ologians diff] z to ! int]pretation ( ,scripture1 our diff]5ces are nei!r s great nor s =midable z ^? ( ^! g5tlem54 ,i _h bett] rema9 :]e ,i am4' ,sev]al ( ! gue/s />$ at me z !y w\ld at ! rema9s ( a mega!rium4 ,is x possible1 said "o at la/1 t y1 ,sir1 c reta9 a belief 9 ! div9e inspiration ( ! ,bible1--exclud+ incid5tal errors ( transcription & s on8 ,x is n only possible1 said ,i1 b c]ta94 ,d y mean1 said ! o!r1 t y c give satisfactory answ]s to ! objections :i* c be br\ght aga9/ v>i\s p>ts ( x8 ,by no means1 said ,i2 :ile ,i ?9k t _m may be :olly solv$1 & m1 p>tially1 ,i admit !re are "s :i* are altoge!r insoluble4' ,!n :y1 9 ! "n ( wond]1 d y reta9 y\r belief8 ,because ,i ?9k t ! evid5ce = reta9+ x is1 on ! :ole1 /rong] ?an ! evid5ce = rel9qui%+ x2 t is1 t ! objections to admitt+ ! objections are /rong] ?an ! objections !mselves4 ,b h[ d y manage 9 a controv]sy ) an oppon5t z to ^? insoluble objections8 ,i admit !m4 ,!n y all[ 8 position to be m t5able & reasonable ?an y\rs8 ,no1 said ,i1 ,i take c>e ( t4 ,h[ s8 ,i transf] ! w>1 ,my good ,sir3 a practice :i* ,i w\ld recomm5d to mo/ ,*ri/ians 9 ^! days4 ,:5 ,i meet ) an oppon5t ( ! /amp y ref] to1 :o ?9ks insoluble objections alone are suffici5t reasons = reject+ any ?+4 ,i say to him1 ',my fri5d1 ?is ,*ri/ianity1 if s cle>ly false1 is n wor? talk+ ab\t3 let u quit x4 ,b z y admit1 ) me1 t religi\s tru? is ( great mom5t1 & z y ?9k y h x1 pray oblige me by y\r sy/em4' ,to tell y ! tru?1 ,i nev] f\nd any difficulty 9 prop\nd+ pl5ty ( insoluble objections2 b if y ?9k diff]5tly1 y or any g5tleman pres5t c make exp]im5t ( ! matt] n[4 ,nay1 my de> uncle1 said ,h>r+ton1 y are invad+ my prov9ce4 ,x is ,i only :o c consi/5tly *all5ge all com]s2 l ! anci5t ,scy?ians1 ,i h e ?+ to ga9 & no?+ to lose4 ,:e!r x 0 out ( respect = ! ho/1 or t ea* felt1 aft] ! rec5t disclosures1 t he w\ld n only h ,h>r+ton & myself1 b e body else1 d[n ^u him1 nobody accept$ ?is *all5ge4 ,at la/ "o ( !m said he c\ld n ev5 yet compreh5d h[ x 0 t ,i c\ld rema9 an old-fa%ion$ believ] 9 ^! days ( progress4 ,x 0 infidelity itself1 ,i repli$1 t e>ly robb$ me ( ! advantages ( be+ an infidel4 ,sev]al express$ _! surprise1 & ,i told !m t1 aft] we _h tak5 tea 9 ! draw+-room 7to :i* we 7 !n summon$71 ,i w\ld1 if !y felt any curiosity ^u ! matt]1 & w\ld all[ a little scope to ! g>rulity ( an old man1 tell !m ,,h[ ,,x ,,0 ,,t ,,infidelity ,,prev5t$ ,,my ,,becom+ ,,an ,,infidel4 ,,aft] tea ,i gave my /ory1 z ne>ly z ,i c recollect1 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,( c\rse ,i _c recall ! precise words2 b ! ord] ( ! ?\ghts--h[ (t5 h !y be5 pond]$6--,i _c be mi/ak5 ab\t4 ,x is n[ ?irty ye>s ago or m s9ce ,i 0 pass+ ?r\gh _m ( ! m5tal conflicts 9 :i* ,i see s _m ( ! "y 9 ! pres5t day involv$4 ,i h no d\bt t ! majority ( !m w come out1 probably aft] an eclipse m or less p>tial1 v or?odox ,*ri/ians1--s great are ! revolutions ( op9ion :i* an exp]i5ce ( human life & ! necessities ( ! human he>t "w ^u u6 ,z ,i look ar\nd me1 ,i see few ( my y\?ful contempor>ies :o h n surviv$ _! infidelity4 ,f> be x f me--7,i spoke 9 a tone :i*1 ,i imag9e1 !y h>dly knew :e!r to take z complim5t or irony7--to affirm t ! infidels ( ?is day are l ^? ,i knew 9 my y\?4 ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ ( u1 t a p]fectly natural recoil--p>tly intellectual & p>tly moral--f ! sup]natural hi/ory1 ! peculi> doctr9es1 b1 above all1 ! sev]e morality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 0 at ! bottom ( our unbelief4 ,i h long felt t ! reception ( t book on ! "p ( any human be+ is n ! lea/ ( its pro(s t x is div9e1 = ,i am p]suad$ !re nev] 0 a book naturally m repulsive ei!r to ! human head or he>t4 ,all ! prejudices ( man are necess>ily array$ aga9/ x4 ,i felt ^! prejudice1 ,i am n[ di/9ctly consci\s2 nor 0 ,i ins5sible to ! palpable advantages ( infidelity2--its accommodat+ morality2 its ,l>ge m>g9 = ! passions & appetites2 its d\bts ( any future _w1 or its c]ta9ty t1 if !re 7 "o1 x w\ld prove a univ]sal p>adise 7= d\bts & c]ta9ties are equally )9 ! compass ( human wi%es72 ! absolute abolition ( hell & e ?+ l 94 ,i say ,i saw cle>ly en\gh ! advantages :i* infidelity promis$1 & ,i ackn[l$ge ,i 0 n ins5sible to !m4 ,i ?9k no "y m5 are likely to be4 ,i d n ins9uate t simil> advantages h any ?+ to d ) ^? _m peculi> revelations ( religion :i* diff]5t oracles h 9 our day sub/itut$ = ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! argum5ts aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 inde$1 ,i d n f9d mu* alt]$2 ! sub/itutions = x1 ?\gh di/ract+ly v>i\s1 are1 ,i confess1 9 "s respects diff]5t4 ,nay1 we see t _m ( our spirituali/s compla9 *iefly ( ! moral & spiritual defici5cies ( ,*ri/ianity2 !y are afraid1 ) ,mr4 ,newman1 ( ! consci5ce ( man be+ ,,depress$ to ! ,bible /&>d6 ,s t we mu/ suppose t ! aim ( "s1 at lea/1 ( our infidel re=m]s1 are prompt$ by a l(ti] ideal ( spiritual purity ?an ,*ri/ianity pres5ts6 ,x c]ta9ly 0 n s !n4 ,i felicitate "s ( y1 g5tlem51 on be+ s mu* holi] & wis]1 nor only ?an we 71 b ev5 ?an ,*ri/ & 8 ,apo/les4 ,i h said ,i 0 n ins5sible to ! advantages ( infidelity2 b nature _h end[$ me ) prud5ce z well z passions2 & ,i want$ evid5ce = :at appe>$ to me its mo/ gratuit\s philosophy ( ! future1--= its too unc]ta9 d\bts ( all futurity1 & its too d\btful c]ta9ty ( none b a happy "o6 ,i also want$ evid5ce ( ! falsehood ( ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,z to ! =m]1 ,i %all n tr\ble y ) my difficulties2 !re 7 inde$ !n1 z n[1 an admirable v>iety ( !ories2 b if ,i c\ld h be5 conv9c$ ( ! futility ( ! claims ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,i believe ,i %\ld h be5 easily satisfi$ z to a sub/itute2 or r1 unable to decide betwe5 ,*ubb & ,bol+broke1 ,voltaire & ,r\sseau1 ,i %\ld mo/ likely h toss$ up = my religion4 ,x 0 ! di/ractions ) reg>d to ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity t ru9$ me2 & at la/ condemn$ me to be a ,*ri/ian4 ,i 0 fir/ tr\bl$1 l s _m 9 our day1 ab\t ! miracles4 ,i c\ld h>dly br+ my m9d to believe !m4 ,"o day1 talk+ ) a jovial fell[ :om ,i casually met 7n ( v /rong m9d inde$1 b :o made up = x by v /rong passions7 ov] ! improbability ( su* occurr5ces1 he exclaim$1 z he mix$ 8 ?ird glass ( br&y & wat]1 ,i only wond] h[ any "o c be su* a fool z to believe 9 any /uff ( t sort8 ,d y ?9k t1 if ! miracles _h be5 really wr\ght1 !re c\ld h be5 any d\bt]s ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,he toss$ (f ! br&y & wat] ) a triumphant air2 & ,i q =got 8 argum5t 9 compassion = 8 be/iality4 ,i expo/ulat$ ) him4 ,y may sp>e y\r brea?1 ,mr4 ,solomon1 said he4 ,may ?is be my poison 7z x w be my poison71 mix+ a f\r? glass1 if ,i ne$ any s]mons on ! subject4 ,h>k ye1--,i am p]fectly conv9c$ t ! habit ,i am *a9$ to w be ! de/ruction ( heal?1 ( reputation1 ( my sl5d] means1--w r$uce to begg>y & />vation my wife & *ildr51--& yet1 dr9k+ aga91 ,i "k ,i %all nev] leave x (f4 ,good heav5s6 said ,i4 ,:y1 y seem z pla9ly conv9c$ ( ! infatuation ( y\r conduct z if miracle _h be5 wr\ght to conv9ce y ( x4 ,i am4 he said1 un?9k+ly2 t5 ?\s& miracles c\ld n make x pla9]2 s y may 'sp>e y\r brea? to cool y\r porridge1' & prea* to "o :o is n already 9 ! condemn$ cell4 ,i 0 exce$+ly %ock$2 b ,i ?\ght )9 myself1--,x appe>s1 !n1 t man may act aga9/ convictions1 z /rong z any t a miracle c\ld produce4 ,x is cle> !re are no ,,limits to ! p]v]sity ) :i* a deprav$ w & passions c ov]rule evid5ce1 ev5 :]e x is admitt$ by ! reason to be inv9cible4 ,x does n foll[1 !n1 t a miracle 7:i* _c pres5t conclusions m cle>7 mu/ triumph ov] !m4 ,if ! passions c defy ! und]/&+1 :]e x coolly ackn[l$ges !y _c p]v]t ! evid5ce1 h[ mu* m easily may !y cajole x to sugge/ d\bts ( ! evid5ce itself6 ,& :at m easy ?an 9 relation to miracles8 ,su* a ph5om5on might f novelty produce a transi5t impression2 b t w\ld pass away1 j z ! vivid feel+s sometimes excit$ by a sudd5 escape f dea? pass away2 ! half-r\s$ debau*ee resumes 8 old c>e]1 j z if he _h nev] look$ ov] ! br9k ( et]nity & %udd]$ ) horror z he gaz$4 ,he :o _h se5 a miracle might v soon1 & probably w\ld1 if he did n l ! doctr9e x 0 to confirm1 p]suade himself t x 0 an illusion ( 8 s5ses1 = !y h deceiv$ him2 unless1 inde$1 he saw a new miracle e day1 & !n he w\ld be c]ta9 to get us$ to x4 ,h[ mu* m easily c\ld ! ,jews d ?is1 :o bo? hat$ ! doctr9e ( ,him :o taught1 &1 n ?9k+ miracles impossible1 c\ld conv5i5tly ref] !m to ,beelzebub6 ,i felt1 !re=e1 t ! br&y & wat] logic _h p]fectly conv9c$ me t ?is 0 f> too prec>i\s gr\nd on :i* to conclude t ! miracles ( ! ,new ,te/am5t _h be5 wr\ght4 ,i 0 fur!r confirm$ 9 my convictions ( ! illogical nature ( all a priori views on ! subject1 by ! :imsical diff]5ces ( op9ion among my infidel fri5ds4 ,"o told me t x 0 pla9 t miracles 7 incr$ible1 & impossible1 p] se2 b he 0 imm$iately contradict$ by a second1 :o said t he really c\ld n see any ?+ incr$ible or impossible ab\t !m2 t all t 0 want+ to make !m cr$ible 0 suffici5t evid5ce1 :i* p]haps _h 9 no case be5 giv54 ,a ?ird said1 t x 0 ( little consequ5ce2 t no miracle c\ld prove a moral tru?2 &2 tak+ a view j ! opposite to t ( my fir/ acqua9tance1 swore t1 if he saw a score ( miracles1 he %\ld n be a bit ! m incl9$ to believe 9 ! au?ority ( a religion au!nticat$ by !m4 ,"h 0 a f9e beg9n+ = an +5u\s neophyte1 :o 0 eag] to be fully initiat$ 9 infidel !ology6 ,x set me to exam9e ! miracles !mselves1 & ! evid5ce = !m4 ,!y 7 ! simple result ( fraud practis+ ^u simplicity1 said "o ( ! g5u9e desc5dants ( ,bol+broke & ,t9dal4 ,i pond]$ ov] x a good deal4 ,at la/ ,i said "o day to ano!r infidel acqua9tance1 ,y ask me to believe t ! miracul\s ev5ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 contrivances ( fraud2 :i*1 ?\gh v5tur$ ^u 9 ! v eyes ( ^? :o 7 int]e/$ 9 detect+ !m1 :o mu/ h be5 prejudic$ aga9/ !m1 nay1 ! majority ( :om 7z ! ev5ts %[7 7 det]m9$1 :e!r !y detect$ !m or n1 n to believe ^? :o wr\ght !m1 7 yet successfully practis$1 n only on ! delud$ disciples ( ! impo/ors1 b on _! unbeliev+ p]secutors1 :o admitt$ !m to be miracles1 only ( ,beelzebub's p]=m+4 ,i really "k n h[ to believe x4 ,z ,i look at ! g5]al hi/ory ( religion1 ,i see t ?is op5-day appeal to miracles--especially su* z rais+ ! dead--among prejudic$ spectators int]e/$ 9 unmask+ !m is1 if unsupport$ by tru?1 j ! ?+ "u :i* a religi\s ent]prise inevitably fails4 ,i rem9d$ him t ! ,fr5* prophets 9 ,engl& got on pretty well till _! unlucky attempt to raise ! dead1 :5 ! bubble bur/ in/antly2 t = ?is reason ! m a/ute impo/ors h refra9$ f any pret5sions ( ! k9d1 f ,mahomet d[nw>ds2 7,h[ discreetly cauti\s1 aga91 h ! ,mormonites be5 on ?is po9t67 t ! miracles !y pr(ess$ to h wr\ght 7 conv5i5tly wr\ght 9 secret1 on ! safe !atre ( _! m5tal consci\sness2 or t !y 7 res]v$ = times :5 _! disciples 7 pr$et]m9$ to believe !m1 because !y 7 cordial believ]s already 9 ! religion :i* appeal$ to !m6 ,i said no?+ ( ! unlikelihood ( ! in/rum5ts--,galilean ,jews--:om ! !ory inve/s ) su* sup]human p[]s ( deception2 or ( ! prodigi\s intellect & l(ty ambition ) :i* x also s lib]ally end[s ^! obscure vagabonds1 :o n only conceiv$1 9 spite ( _! n>r[-he>t$ ,jewi% bigotry1 su* a sy/em z ,*ri/ianity1 b proclaim$ _! audaci\s resolve ( e/abli%+ x on ! ru9s ( e o!r religion1--,jewi% or ,hea!n4 ,i said no?+ ( ! /ill /rang] moral attributes ) :i* x inve/s !m1 79 spite ( _! be+ su* odi\s trick/]s1 9 spite ( all _! grovell+ notions & exclusive prejudices17 z ! tea*]s ( a s+ul>ly elevat$ & ca?olic morality2 :at is /ill /rang] z suff]+ = x1--/range/ ( all1 z app>5tly practis+ x4 ,i said no?+ ( :at is /ill m wond]ful1 _! act+ ?is inconsi/5t "p f motives we _c assign or ev5 imag9e2 _! enc\nt]+ obloquy1 p]secution1 dea?1 9 ! prosecution ( _! object1 :atev] x 04 ,i said no?+ ( ! innum]able & "o w\ld ?9k inimitable1 traits ( nature & s9c]ity 9 ! n>rative ( ^? :o record ^! miracles1 & :i*1 if simulat$ by su* li>s1 w\ld be almo/ a miracle itself2 a n>rative1 9 :i* maje/ic indiff]5ce to human criticism is ev]y:]e exhibit$2 9 :i* are no apologies = ! extraord9>y /ories told1 no attempt to conciliate prejudice1 no embelli%m5t1 no invectives 7z ,pascal says7 aga9/ ! p]secutors ( ,*ri/ himself2--!y are simple witnesses1 & no?+ m1 & are seem+ly indiff]5t :e!r m5 despise !m or n4 ,i repeat1 ,i said no?+ ( all ^! p>adoxes2 ,i insi/$ t ! m]e fact ( ! successful ma*9ation ( false miracles1 ( su* a nature1 at s _m po9ts1 9 op5 day1 9 defiance ( e motive & prejudice :i* mu/ h prompt$ ! _w to unmask ! *eat1--( a conspiracy successfully prosecut$1 n by "o1 b by _m conspirators1 ^: =titude1 ob/9acy1 & circumspection1 bo? :5 act+ toge!r & act+ alone1 nev] all[$ !m to betray !mselves1--01 p] se1 incr$ible2 & yet1 said ,i to my fri5d1 y ask me to believe x8 ,i ask y to believe x8 cri$ he1 9 surprise :i* equall$ my own4 ,i am n fool en\gh ask y to believe any ?+ ( ! k9d3 & !y are fools :o d4 ,! miracles fraudul5t ma*9ations6 no1 no1 x 01 z y say1 evid5tly impossible4 ,& :]e %all we look = m>ks ( simplicity & tru?fulness1 if n 9 ! records :i* conta9 !m4 ,! fact is4 said he 7,i %\ld m5tion t x 0 j ab\t ! "t t ! sy/em ( naturalism 0 culm9at+ "u ! auspices ( ,paulus ( ,heidelb]g1 f :om1 at second h&1 my infidel fri5d borr[$ z mu* z he want$71--! fact is1 t ! compil]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 pi\s1 simple-m9d$1 excell5t en?usia/s1 :o s9c]ely1 b n ! less falsely1 mi/ook natural ph5om5a = sup]natural miracles4 ,:at m easy ?an to suppose p dead :5 !y 7 n1 & :o 7 m]ely recov]$ f a swoon or trance8 ?an to imag9e ! bl9d1 deaf1 or dumb to be miracul\sly heal$1 :5 9 fact !y 7 cur$ by m$ical skill8 ?an to fancy ! blaze ( a flambeau to be a />1 & to %ape ?und] into articulate spee*1 & s on8 ,*ri/ 0 no miracle-work]1 b he 0 a capital doctor4 ,i pond]$ ov] ?is natural explanation = a long "t4 ,at la/ ,i v5tur$ to express to a ?ird infidel fri5d my dissatisfaction ) x4 ,n only1 said ,i1 is su* a p]petual & felicit\s g5ius = gross blund]+1 su* absolute craz9ess ( cr$ulity1 9 /range contra/ ) ! intellectual & moral elevation :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s ev]y:]e ev9ce1 & especially 9 ! conception ( t ,ideal ( ,excell5ce :i* ev5 ^? :o reject all t is sup]natural 9 ,*ri/ianity ackn[l$ge to be s sublime a ma/]piece1--9 ^: disc\rses ! mo/ admirable e?ics are illu/rat$1 & 9 ^: life !y are /ill m div9ely dramatiz$1--n only is su* ludicr\s madness ( fanaticism at v>iance ) ! tone ( sobriety & simplicity ev]y:]e traceable2 b1--:at is m1--:5 ,i reflect on ! numb] & grossness ( ^! suppos$ illusions1 ,i f9d x h>d to imag9e h[ to image h[ ev5 individual c\ld h be5 hone/ly /upid en\gh to be beguil$ by !m1 & utt]ly impossible to suppose t a numb] ( m5 %\ld on _m occasions h be5 simultane\sly ?us befool$6 ,b1 :at is mu* m1 h[ c ^? :o mu/ (t5 h manag$ ! ph5om5a :i* 7 ?us mis9t]pret$ into miracles1--h[1 especially1 c ! great ,physician himself1 :o knew t he 0 only play+ ! doctor1 be suppos$ hone/ly to h all[$ ! simple-m9d$ foll[]s to p]si/ 9 s /range an error8 ,ei!r he1 or !y1 or bo?1 mu/1 "o w\ld ?9k1 h be5 guilty ( ! grosse/ frauds4 ,b ! m]e numb] & simultaneity ( su* /range illusions1 "u su* a v>iety ( circum/ances1 r5d] x impossible to receive ?is hypo!sis4 ,i _c see1 ,i said1 t x is s v easy = a numb] ( m5 to h be5 cont9ually mi/ak+ 'flambeaux' = '/>s1' '?und]' = 'human spee*1' & ',roman soldi]s' = 'angels4' ,my fri5d laugh$ outright4 ,i %\ld ?9k x is n easy1 inde$6 he exclaim$1 especially t la/4 ,= my "p1 ,i see cle>ly1 on ?is !ory1 t ei!r ! ,apo/les or _! comm5tators 7 ! mo/ crazy1 addle-head$ wret*es 9 ! _w4 ,ei!r ,paulus ( ,t>sus or ,paulus ( ,heidelb]g 0 c]ta9ly crack$3 ,i believe ! la/4 ,no1 my fri5d2 dep5d ^u x t ! ,gospels consi/ ( a numb] ( fictions1--_m ( !m v beautiful1--inv5t$1 ,i am incl9$ to believe1 = a v pi\s purpose1 by highly imag9ative m9ds4 ,?is sat me ?9k+ aga94 ,&1 9 "t1 my d\bts1 z usual1 assum$ a det]m9ate %ape1 & ,i ha/5$ to ano!r oracle ( infidelity 9 hopes ( a solution4 ,if ! ,new ,te/am5t be suppos$ a s]ies ( fictions1 ,i argu$1--! "w ( highly imag9ative m9ds = a pi\s purposes--!re is p]haps a slight moral anomaly 9 ! case 7b ,i d n insi/ ^u x73 ,i mean t ( suppos+ pi\s m5 writ+ fictions :i* !y evid5tly wi% to impose on ! _w z simple hi/ory1 & :i* !y mu/ h kn[n w\ld1 if receiv$ at all1 be actually reg>d$ z su*2 z1 9 fact1 !y h be54 ,i d n q und]/& h[ pi\s m5 %\ld ?us endeavor to *eat m5 into virtue1 nor inculcate sanctity & tru? ?r\gh ! m$ium ( delib]ate fraud & falsehood4 ,b let t pass2 p]haps "o c\ld =give x4 ,o!r anomalies1 f> m inexplicable1 /rike me4 ,t ,galilean ,jews 7su* z ! hi/ory ( ! "t repres5ts !m71 ) all _! national & invet]ate prejudices1--w$d$ n m to ! law ( ,moses ?an to _! own corruptions ( x1 bigot$ & exclusive beyond all ! nations t ev] exi/$1 eat5 up ) ! mo/ begg>ly sup]/itions1--%\ld rise to ! moral gr&eur1 ! nobility ( s5tim5t1 ! ca?olicity ( _s1 :i* *>act]ize ! ,gospel1 &1 above all1 to su* an ideal z ,jesus ,*ri/1--?is is a moral anomaly1 :i* is to me incompreh5sible3 ! improbability ( ,*ri/ianity hav+ its natural orig9 9 su* a s\rce is prop]ly measur$ by ! hatr$ ( ! ,jews aga9/ x1 bo? !n & ?r\gh all "t4 ,i said ,i c\ld z little und]/& ! intellectual anomalies ( su* a !ory4 ,c\ld m51 among ! mo/ ignorant ( a nation sunk 9 t gross & pu]ile sup]/ition ( :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t itself pres5ts a true picture1 & :i* is reflect$ 9 ! ,jewi% lit]ature ( t age1 & ev] s9ce1--a nation ^: ma/] m9ds !n & ev] s9ce 7?9k ( t67 h giv5 u only su* /uff z fills ! ,talmud1 --c\ld su* m51 ,i said1 h creat$ su* fictions z ^? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1--rea*$ su* elevat$ s5tim5ts1 or convey$ !m 9 p]fectly orig9al =ms1 embodi$ tru? s sublime 9 a /yle s simple8 ,?r\gh\t ^? writ+s is a peculi> tone :i* belongs to no o!r compositions ( man4 ,:ile ! individuality ( ! writ]s n lo/1 !re are /ill peculi>ities :i* p]vade ! :ole1 & h1 z ,i ?9k1 ju/ly be5 call$ a ,scripture /yle4 ,"o ( _! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ics1 by ! way1 is a sev]ely simple ta/e2 a uni=m fre$om f ! vulg>ities ( conception1 ! exagg]at$ s5tim5t1 ! mawki% nons5se & twaddle1 :i* disfigure su* an inf9itude ( volumes ( religi\s biography & fiction :i* h be5 writt5 s9ce4 ,c\ld su* m5 atta9 ?is uni=m elevation8 ,c\ld su* m5 h inv5t$ ^? extraord9>y fictions1--! miracles & ! p>ables8 ,c\ld !y1 9 spite ( _! gross ignorance1 h s int]wov5 ! fictiti\s & ! hi/orical z to make ! fiction let into ! hi/ory seem a natural "p ( x8 ,c\ld !y1 above all1 h conceiv$ ! d>+1 b glori\s1 project ( embody+ & dramatiz+ ! ideal ( ! sy/em !y inculcat$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/8 ,& yet !y h succe$$1 ?\gh *oos+ to attempt ! wond]ful task 9 a life full ( une>?ly incid5ts1 :i* !y h someh[ wr\ght into an exquisite h>mony6 ,b ev5 if "o su* man 9 su* an age & nation c\ld h be5 f\nd equal to all ?is1 c\ld we1 ,i argu$1 believe t sev]al 7) und5iable individual v>ieties ( mann]7 7 capable ( work+ into ! picture simil>ly unique1 b diff]5t mat]ials1 ) simil> success1 & ( reproduc+ ! same portrait1 9 v>y+ po/ure & attitude1 ( ! great ,moral ,idea8 ,c\ld we believe t1 9 a*iev+ ?is task1 n "o1 b sev]al1 7 intellectual magicians en\gh to solve t great problem ( produc+ compositions 9 a =m indep5d5t ( language1--( lay+ on colors :i* d n fade by "t2 s t :ile ,hom]1 ,%akspe>e1 ,milton1 suff] griev\s wrong ! mom5t _! ?\ghts are transf]r$ into ano!r tongue1 ^! m5 %\ld h writt5 s t _! wond]ful n>rative naturally adapts itself to e dialect "u heav58 ,^! intellectual anomalies1 ,i confess$1--if ^! _h be5 all1-- /agg]$ me4 ,z ,"l ,bacon said t he w\ld soon] believe all ! fables ( ! ,talmud1 ?an t ?is univ]sal frame 0 )\t a m9d1 s ,i c\ld soon] believe all ^? fables1 ?an t m9ds t c only produce ,talmuds %\ld h conceiv$ su* fictions z ! ,gospel4 ,i c\ld z soon believe t "s dull *ronicl] ( ! ,middle ,ages compos$ ,%akspe>e's plays1 or a pl\ghman _h writt5 ,p>adise ,lo/2 only t1 to p>allel ! pres5t case1 we ought to believe t f\r pl\ghm5 wrote f\r ,p>adise ,lo/s6 ,nay1 ,i said1 ,i w\ld z soon believe t mo/ laughable !ory ( le>n$ folly1 t ! monks ( ! ,middle ,ages compil$ all ! classics6 ,nor c\ld x help me to say t x 0 ,*ri/ians1 n ,jews1 :o compil$ ! ,new ,te/am5t2 = !y mu/ h be5 ,jews be=e !y 7 ,*ri/ians3 & ! tw(old moral & intellectual problem comes back ^u our h&s1--to imag9e h[ ! ,jewi% m9d c\ld h giv5 bir? to ! ideas ( ,*ri/ianity1 or h embodi$ !m 9 su* a surpass+ =m4 ,& z to ! intellectual "p ( ! difficulty1--unhappily abundant pro( exi/s 9 ,*ri/ian lit]ature t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians c\ld z little h manufactur$ su* fictions z ! ,jews !mselves6 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is n m diff]5t f ! writ+s ( ,jews1 or sup]ior to !m1 ?an x is diff]5t f ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs1 & sup]ior to !m4 ,x /&s alone1 l ! ,peak ( ,t5]iffe4 ,! ,alps amid/ ! flats ( ,holl& w\ld n pres5t a great] contra/ ?an ! ,new ,te/am5t & ! ,fa!rs4 ,& ! fur!r we come d[n1 ! less capable morally1 & ne>ly z incapable intellectually1 d ! rapidly deg5]at+ ,*ri/ians appe>1 ( produc+ su* a fiction z ! ,new ,te/am5t2 s t1 if x be ask$ :e!r x 0 n possible t "s ,*ri/ians ( aft] times might h =g$ ^! books1 "o mu/ say ) ,paley1 t !y c\ld n4 ,& by ! by1 g5tlem51 said ,i1 7int]rupt+ my n>rative1 & address+ ! pres5t company17 ,i may rem9d "s ( y :o are great admir]s ( ,pr(essor ,newman1 t he admits 7z inde$ all mu/1 :o h _h an opportunity ( comp>+ !m7 ! inf9ite inf]iority ( ! ,fa!rs1 ?\gh he does n attempt to acc\nt1 z surely he ought1 = s s+ul> a circum/ance4 ,he says 9 8 ,phases3 ,on ! :ole1 ?is read+ ( ! ,apo/olical ,fa!rs greatly exalt$ my s5se ( ! unapproa*able greatness ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! moral *asm betwe5 x & ! v e>lie/ ,*ri/ian writ]s seem$ to me s va/1 z only to be acc\nt$ = by ! doctr9e 44444 t ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 dictat$ by ! imm$iate action ( ! ,holy ,_s4 7,phases1 p4 #be47 ,b to resume ! /atem5t ( my e>ly difficulties4 ,i felt t ! anomalies involv$ 9 ! !ory ( ! fictiti\s orig9 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 almo/ endless2 ,i said t1 h[ev] h>d to believe t any m51 mu* less su* m5 z ,jews ( t age1 7 capable ( su* a*ievem5ts z ,i _h already specifi$1 ,i mu/ believe mu* m /ill2 = ! m51 ) all _! wisdom1 7 fools en\gh to make _! ent]prise inf9itely m haz>d\s1--by intru/+ ! execution ( x to a league ( _m m9ds1 ?us multiply+ indef9itely _! *ances ( contradiction2 by adopt+ e k9d & /yle ( composition1 full ( reciprocal allusions2 &1 above all1 by dovetail+ _! fabrications into true hi/ory1 ?us enc\nt]+ a p]petual dang] ( collision betwe5 ! two2 all z if to accumulate ^u _! task e difficulty :i* +5uity c\ld devise6 ,c\ld ,i believe t su* m5 z ^? to :om hi/ory re/ricts ! problem _h be5 able1 :ile ?us giv+ e advantage to ! detection ( impo/ure1 to inv5t a n>rative s inf9itely v>i$ 9 =m & /yle1 compos$ by s _m diff]5t h&s1 trav]s+1 9 su* div]sifi$ ways1 contempor>y *>act]s & ev5ts1 involv+ names ( places1 dates1 & numb]less specialities ( circum/ance1 & yet ma9ta9 a g5]al h>mony ( s peculi> a k9d1 su* a callida junctura ( ^! mo/ het]og5e\s mat]ials1 z to h impos$ on ! bulk ( read]s 9 all ages an impression ( _! artless tru? & innoc5ce1 & t !y 7 writ+ facts1 & n fictions8 ,above all1 c\ld !y be capable ( fabricat+ ^? deeply-lat5t co9cid5ces1 :i*1 if fraud employ$ !m1 ov]rea*$ fraud itself2 ly+ s deep z to be undiscov]$ = ne>ly eighte5 c5turies1 & only rec5tly attract+ ! att5tion ( ! _w 9 consequ5ce ( ! objections ( infidels !mselves8 ,we "k famili>ly en\gh1 t to su/a9 any v]isimilitude 9 a fictiti\s hi/ory 7ev5 ?\gh only "o man has ! manufacture ( x7 is almo/ impossible1 because ! relations ( fact t mu/ be anticipat$ & provid$ aga9/ are s inf9itely v>i\s1 t ! writ] is c]ta9 to betray himself4 ,! con/ant detection ( v limit$ fabrications ( a simil> nature1 :5 evid5ce is sift$ 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice1 %[s u ! impossibility ( weav+ a plausible texture ( ?is k9d4 ,_m ?+s are sure to h be5 =gott5 :i* ought to h be5 rememb]$4 ,if ?is be ! case1 ev5 :]e "o m9d has ! fabrication ( ! :ole1 h[ mu* m w\ld x be ! case if _m m9ds 7 engag$ 9 ! conspiracy8 ,%\ld we n expect1 at ! v lea/1 ! hesitat+1 suspici\s1 self-betray+ tone usual 9 all su* cases8 ,c\ld we expect t g5]al air ( tru? :i* s und5iably prevails ?r\gh\t ! ,new ,te/am5t1--! inimitable tone ( nature1 e>ne/ness1 & frank s9c]ity1 :i*1 9 ! case ( su* extravagant =g]ies1 w\ld alone be m>vell\s traits8 ,b1 at all ev5ts1 c\ld we expect ^? m9ute co9cid5ces1 :i* lay too deep = ! eye ( all ord9>y read]s1 & w\ld nev] h be5 discov]$ _h n infidelity provok$ ,paley & o!rs to excavate ^? subt]ranean gall]ies 9 :i* !y are f\nd8 ,& "h aga9 ,i int]rupt$ my n>rative to rem>k1 t ,pr(essor ,newman ackn[l$ges ! =ce ( ^! co9cid5ces1 &1 z usual1 gives no acc\nt ( !m4 ,he says ( ! ,horae ,paul9ae1 9 8 ,phases3 ,?is book greatly enl>g$ my m9d z to ! res\rces ( hi/orical criticism4 ,previ\sly my sole idea ( criticism 0 t ( ! discreet disc]nm5t ( /yle2 b ,i n[ began to und]/& :at p[]ful argum5t rose out ( comb9ations2 & ! v complete e/abli%m5t :i* ?is "w gives to ! n>rative conc]n+ ,paul 9 ! latt] half ( ! ,acts appe>$ to me to reflect critical honor on ! :ole ,new ,te/am5t4 7,phases1 p4 #bc47 ,b once m to resume my /atem5t4 ,^u m5tion+ ^! & su* l consid]ations to my infidel fri5d1 :o plead$1 t ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 fiction1 he repli$4 ,z to ! h>mony 9 ^! fictions1 --if !y be su*1--y ackn[l$ge t x is n absolute3 t are discrepancies4 ,yes1 ,i said1 !re are discrepancies1 ,i admit2 & ,i 0 ab\t to m5tion t z ano!r difficulty 9 ! way ( my reception ( 8 !ory3 ,i ref] to ! nature & ! limits ( ^? discrepancies4 ,if !re _h be5 an absolute h>mony1 ev5 to ! milde/ po9t1 ,i am p]suad$ t1 on ! pr9ciple ( evid5ce 9 all su* cases1 _m w\ld h *>g$ collusion on ! writ]s1 & h felt t x 0 a corroboration ( ! !ory ( ! fictiti\s orig9 ( ^! compositions4 ,b z ! case /&s1 ! discrepancies1 if ! compositions be fictiti\s inde$1 are only a pro( t ^! m5 atta9$ a /ill m wond]ful skill 9 ap+ v]isimilitude ?an if !re _h be5 no discrepancies at all4 ,!y h left 9 ! hi/oric portions ( _! n>rative an air ( g5]al h>mony1 ) an exquisite congruity 9 po9ts :i* lie deep bel[ ! surface1--a congruity :i* !y mu/ be suppos$ to h kn[n w\ld a/oni% ! _w :5 once discov]$2 & h at ! same "t left c]ta9 discrepancies on ! surface 7:i* criticism w\ld be sure to po9t out71 z if = ! v purpose ( af=d+ gu>anties & v\*]s aga9/ ! suspicion ( collusion4 ,! discords increase ! h>mony4 ,once m1 ,i ask$1 c\ld ,i believe ,jews1 ,jews 9 ! reign ( ,tib]ius or ,n]o1 equal to all ^! wond]s8 ,b all ?is1 ev5 all ?is1 ,i said1 0 z no?+ comp>$ ) ano!r difficulty involv$ 9 ?is !ory4 ,h[ came ^! fictions1 conta9+ su* mon/r\s romance1 if romance at all1 & equally mon/r\s doctr9es1 to be believ$2 to be believ$ by multitudes ( ,jews & ,g5tiles1 bo? oppos$ & equally oppos$ to !m by previ\s invet]ate sup]/ition & prejudice8 ,h[ came s _m m5 ( su* diff]5t races & nations ( mank9d to ha/5 to unclo! !mselves ( all _! previ\s beliefs 9 ord] to adopt ^! fanta/ical fables8 ,h[ came !y to p]si/ 9 reg>d+ !m z au?oritative tru?8 ,h[ came s _m 9 s _m diff]5t c\ntries to d ?is at once8 ,nay1 ,i add$ ) a laugh1 ,i ?9k !re are di/9ct traces1 z f> z we h any evid5ce1 t ^! v peculi> fictions mu/ h be5 believ$ by _m be=e !y 7 ev5 compil$ & publi%$4 ,my infidel fri5d mus$1 & at la/ said1 ,i agree ) y t ^! compositions c\ld n h be5 fictions 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 t is1 delib]ately compos$ by a conspiracy ( highly imag9ative m9ds4 ,t la/ argum5t alone1 ( _! success1 is conclusive aga9/ t2 b may !y n h be5 leg5ds :i* gradually assum$ ?is =m out ( float+ traditions & previ\s popul> & national prepossessions8 ,9 %ort1 he fa9tly sket*$ a notion some:at simil> to t my?ic !ory1 s9ce s elaborately wr\ght out by ,/rauss4 ,i answ]$ some:at z foll[s3--,if ! fir/ place1 on ?is hypo!sis1 all ! intellectual & moral anomalies ( ! la/ !ory reappe>4 ,t su* leg5ds %\ld h be5 ! product ( ! ,jewi% m9d 7:e!r design$ly or undesign$ly1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 makes no diff]5ce71 is "o ( ! pr9cipal difficulties4 ,if x _h be5 object$ to ,p]e ,h>d\91 t ,virgil's ,a5eid c\ld nor h be5 compos$ by "o ( ! monks ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,i suppose t x w\ld h be5 no relief f ! difficulties ( 8 hypo!sis to say t x 0 a gradual1 unconsci\sly =m$ deposit ( ! monki% m9d6 ,b besides all ?is1 ,i said1 ! !ory 0 load$ ) o!r absurdities specially its own3 = we mu/ !n believe all ! indications ( hi/oric plausibility to :i* ,i _h adv]t$ 9 speak+ ( ! previ\s !ory to be ! "w ( accid5t2 a supposition1 if possible1 /ill m inconceivable ?an t "s sup]human g5ius = fiction _h be5 employ$ on _! elaboration4 ,?+s m\ld] into rubbi%1 b !y d n m\ld] into fabrics4 ,& !n 7,i cont9u$7 ! greate/ difficulty1 z be=e1 reappe>s1 h[ came ^! que] leg5ds1 ! product :e!r ( design or accid5t1 to be believ$8 ,jews & ,g5tiles 7 & mu/ h be5 ?or\ghly oppos$ to !m4 ,to ?is he repli$1 ,i suppose ! belief1 z y also d1 ant]ior to ! books1 :i* express t belief1 b did n cause x4 ,i suppose ! ,*ri/ian sy/em already exi/+ z a float+ vapor & m]ely cond5s$ into ! writt5 =m4 ,x 0 a gradual =mation1 l ! ,greek & ,indian my?ologies4 ,i ?\ght on ?is = "s "t1 & !n said some?+ l ?is3-- ,worse & worse3 = ,i fe> t ! age ( ,augu/us 0 no age 9 :i* ! _w 0 likely to frame a my?ology at all3--if x _h be5 su* an age1 ! problem does n all[ suffici5t "t = x2--if !re _h be5 suffici5t "t1 x w\ld n h be5 su* a my?ology2 --& if !re _h be5 any =m$1 x w\ld n h be5 rapidly embrac$1 any m ?an o!r my?ologies1 by m5 ( diff]5t races1 b w\ld h be5 conf9$ to t :i* gave x bir?4 ,z to ! fir/ po9t1 y ask me to believe t some?+ l ! my?ology ( ! ,h9doos or ,egyptians c\ld spr+ up & diffuse itself 9 su* an age ( civilization & philosophy1 books & hi/ory2 :]eas all exp]i5ce %[s u t only a "t ( b>b>ism1 be=e au!ntic hi/ory has comm5c$1 is prop] to ! bir? ( su* mon/rosities2 t ?is congelation ( tradition & leg5d takes place only dur+ ! long fro/s & ! deep night ( ages1 & is impossible 9 ! bright sun ( hi/ory2--9 ^: v beams1 nev]!less1 ^! prodigi\s icicles are suppos$ to h be5 =m$6 ,z to ! second po9t1 y ask me to believe t ! ?+ %\ld be done almo/ in/antly2 = 9 ,a4,d4 #a1 we f9d1 by all rema9s ( antiquity1 t bo? ,jews & ,g5tiles 7 repos+ 9 ! %ad[ ( _! anci5t sup]/itions2 & 9 ,a4 ,d4 #fj4 multitudes among diff]5t races _h become ! bigot$ adh]5ts ( ?is novel my?ology6 ,z to ! ?ird po9t1 y ask me to believe t su* a my?ology z ,*ri/ianity c\ld h sprung up :5 ^? among/ :om x is suppos$ to h orig9at$1 & ^? among/ :om x is suppos$ to h be5 propagat$1 mu/ h equally loa!d x4 ,national prepossessions ( ! ,jews4 ,:y1 ! k9d ( ,messiah on :i* ! national he>t 0 set1 ! invet]acy ) :i* !y p]secut$ to ! dea? ! "o t (f]$ himself1 & ! hatr$ ) :i* = eighte5 hundr$ ye>s !y h recoil$ f him1 suffici5tly %[ h[ prepo/]\s ?is notion is6 ,z a nation1 !y 71 ev] h be51 & are n[1 m oppos$ to ,*ri/ianity ?an any o!r nation on e>?4 ,prepossessions ( ! ,g5tiles6 ,!re 0 n a ,messiah t a ,jew c\ld frame a notion (1 b w\ld h be5 an object ( int5se loa?+ & dete/ation to !m all6 ,yet y ask me to believe t a my?ology orig9at$ 9 ! prejudices ( a nation ! va/ bulk ( :om f its comm5cem5t h mo/ resolutely reject$ x1 & 0 rapidly propagat$ among o!r nations & races1 :o mu/ h be5 prejudic$ aga9/ x2 :o ev5 9 its favor ^? v5]able sup]/itions :i* 7 consecrat$ by ! mo/ p[]ful associations ( antiquity6 ,z to ! f\r? po9t1 y ask me to believe t1 at a juncture :5 all ! _w 0 divid$ betwe5 deep-root$ sup]/ition & incr$ul\s scepticism1--divid$1 z reg>ds ! into ,ph>isees & ,sadducees1 &1 z reg>ds ! ,g5tiles1 into _! ,ph>isees & ,sadducees1 t is1 into ! vulg> :o believ$1 or at lea/ practis$1 all popul> religions1 & ! philosoph]s :o laugh$ at !m all1 & ^: comb9$ ho/ility 0 direct$ aga9/ ! suppos$ new my?ology1--x nev]!less f\nd favor ) multitudes 9 almo/ all l&s6 ,y ask me to believe t a my?ology 0 rapidly receiv$ by ?\s&s ( diff]5t races & nations1 :5 all hi/ory proclaims1 t x is ) ! utmo/ difficulty t any su* sy/em ev] passes ! limits ( ! race :i* has orig9at$ x2 & t y c h>dly get ano!r race ev5 to look at x z a matt] ( philosophic curiosity6 ,y ask me to believe t ?is sy/em 0 receiv$ by multitudes among _m diff]5t races1 bo? ( ,asia & ,europe1 )\t =ce1 :5 a simil> ph5om5on has nev] be5 witness$ 9 relation to any my?ology :atev]6 ,?us1 aft] ask+ me to burd5 myself ) a ?\s& p]plexities to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ^! fables1 y aft]w>ds burd5 me ) a ?\s& m1 to acc\nt = _! success6 ,la/ly1 y ask me to believe1 n only t m5 ( diff]5t races & c\ntries became bigot$ly atta*$ to leg5ds :i* none 7 likely to orig9ate1 :i* all 7 likely to hate1 &1 mo/ ( all1 ^? :o are suppos$ to h orig9at$ !m2 b t !y receiv$ !m z hi/oric facts1 :5 ! kn[n rec5cy ( _! orig9 mu/ h %[n ! _w t !y 7 ! leg5d>y bir? ( ye/]day2 & t !y act$ ?us1 ?\gh ^? :o propagat$ ^! leg5ds _h no milit>y p[] no civil au?ority1 no philosophy1 no sci5ce1 no "o in/rum5t ( human success to aid !m1 :ile ! oppos+ prejudices :i* ev]y:]e enc\nt]$ !m _h6 ,i really "k n h[ to believe all ?is4 ,!re are c]ta9ly _m difficulties 9 ! matt] c&idly repli$ my infidel fri5d4 ,b1 z if wi%+ to effect a div]sion1--,h y ev] read ,gibbon's celebrat$ *apt]8 ,:y1 yes1 ,i told him1 two or ?ree ye>s be=e2 b he does n say a syllable 9 solution ( my *ief difficulties2 he does n tell me any ?+ z to ! orig9 ( ! ideas ( ,*ri/ianity1 nor :o c\ld h writt5 ! wond]ful books 9 :i* !y are embodi$2 besides1 said ,i1 9 my simplicity1 he yields ! po9t1 by all[+ miracles to be ! mo/ pot5t cause ( ! success ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,ah he repli$1 b e "o c see t he is !re speak+ ironically4 ,:y1 !n1 said ,i1 laugh+1 ,i fe> he is tell+ u h[ ! success ( ,*ri/ianity _c be acc\nt$ =1 r ?an h[ x c4 ,o1 b he gives y ! second>y causes2 :i* x is easy to see he consid]s ! pr9cipal2 & also suffici5t4 ,i w read him aga91 ,i said1 & ) deep att5tion4 ,"s "t aft]1 9 meet+ ) ! same fri5d1 ,i began ^u ,gibbon's second>y causes4 ,!y h giv5 y satisfaction1 ,i hope4 ,any ?+ b t1 ,i repli$2 !y d n1 z ,i said be=e1 t\* my pr9cipal difficulties3 & ev5 z to ! success ( ! sy/em :5 once elaborat$1--8 reasons are ei!r a m]e re/atem5t ( ! difficulty to be solv$1 or aggravate x indef9itely4 ,y are h>d to please1 he repli$4 ,i said ,i 01 except by solid argum5ts4 ,b does ,gibbon (f] !m8 ,i ask$4 ,he tells u1 = example1 t ! virtues1 en]gy1 & zeal ( ! e>ly ,*ur* 0 a ma9 in/rum5t ( ! success ( ,*ri/ianity2 :]eas x is ! v orig9ation ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 ) all ^! efficaci\s end[m5ts1 t we want to acc\nt =3 x is z ?\gh he _h told me t we might acc\nt = ! success ( ,*ri/ianity f ! fact t x _h succe$ to su* an ext5t z to r5d] its fur!r success v probable6 ,z = ! re/ ( 8 second>y causes1 !y are difficulties 9 its way r ?an auxili>ies4 ,he asks me to believe t ! intol]ance ( ,*ri/ianity--by :i* x refus$ all alliance ) o!r religions1 & insi/$ 9 reign+ alone or n at all1 by :i* x spat contempt on ! :ole rabble ( ! ,pan!on--0 likely to facilitate its reception among nations1 ^: pride & ^: pleasure alike x 0 to enc\rage civilities & complim5ts betwe5 _! ,gods1 ea* ( :om 0 on graci\s visit+ t]ms ) its neighbors6 ,he asks me1 9 effect1 to believe t ! au/]ity ( ! ,*ri/ians t5d$ to give !m favor 9 ! eves ( an accommodat+ & jovial ,hea!nism2 t ! sev]ity ( mann]s by :i* !y reprov$ x1 & :i* to _! contempor>ies mu/ h appe>$ 7z we "k f ! ,apologi/s x did7 mu* z ,puritan grimace to ! c\rt ( ,*>les ,,ii41 0 someh[ attractive6 ,t ! scruples ) :i* !y recoil$ f all usages & cu/oms :i* c\ld be associat$ ) ! elegant pomp ( ,pagan wor%ip1 & ! suspicion ) :i*1 z hav+ be5 l9k$ ) idolatry1 !y look$ on e emanation ( t _s ( beauty :i* reign$ ov] ! ext]ior life ( ,paganism1 w\ld op]ate z a *>m 9 _! favor6 ,t _! /udi$ abs5ce f all sc5es social hil>ity1 _! grave looks on fe/al days1 _! g>l&$ heads1 _! simple attire1 _! utt] e/rangem5t f ! ,graces1 :i* 9 tru? 7 ! legitimate ,gods 9 ,greece1 & ! true mo!rs ( :ole family ( ,olympus1 w\ld be likely to conciliate t[>ds ! ,gospel ! favorable dispositions classic antiquity6 ,i h n s read hi/ory1 nor le>nt human nature4 ,aga91 he asks me to believe t ! immortality :i* ,*ri/ianity promis$ ,hea!n--su* an immortality --0 ano!r ( ?+s :i* t5d$ to give x success2--on ! "o h&1 a m5ace ( retribution1 n = flagrant crimes only1 :i* ,hea!nism itself puni%$1 nor = ! lax mann]s :i* ! easy _s ( ,paganism _h made v5ial b = spiritual vices1 ( :i* x took acc\nt1 "s ( :i* x _h ev5 consecrat$ virtues2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 an o!r ( a :i* promis$ no?+ b delights ( a spiritual ord]2 a p>adise :i*1 :atev] mat]ial or imag9ative adjuncts x might h1 c]ta9ly disclos$ none2 :i* pres5t$ no "o ?+ to gratify ! pruri5t curiosity ( man's fancy1 or ! eag] passions ( 8 s5sual nature2 :i* mu/1 9 fact1 h be5 ab\t z invit+ to ! s\l ( a ,hea!n z ! promise ( an et]nal ,l5t to an epicure6 ,surely ^! 7 resi/less s$uctions4 ,yet x is to su* ?+s z auxili>ies t ,gibbon ref]s me = ! success ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,v]ily x is n )\t reason t he is call$ a ma/] ( irony6 ,my fri5d fairly ackn[l$g$ ! difficulties ( ! subject1 b said he c\ld n believe 9 ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i repair$ to ano!r infidel acqua9tance4 ,x is a p]plex+1 a v p]plex+ controv]sy1 no d\bts1 0 8 reply2 b e ?+ t5ds to %[ t ,*ri/ianity resembles 9 its pr9cipal features all ^? o!r religions :i* y admit to be false4 ,all h _! prodigies & miracles1--_! revelations & ,inspirations1--_! fragm5ts ( tru? & _! masses ( nons5se4 ,!y are all to be reject$ toge!r4 ,i aga9 puzzl$ = a long "t ov] ?is aspect ( ! case4 ,at la/ ,i said to him1--,?is seems a curi\s way ( dispos+ ( ! evid5ce = ,*ri/ianity2 = if !re be any true religion1 x is likely1 z 9 all o!r cases1 t ! c\nt]feits w h "s features 9 common ) x4 ,x w\ld foll[1 also1 t !re c be no true philosophy2 s9ce1 :ile !re are scores ( philosophies1 only "o c be true4 ,b ,i h ano!r difficulty3 on comp>+ ,*ri/ianity ) o!r sy/ems1 ,i f9d vital diff]5ces1 bo? z reg>ds !ory & fact4 ,z reg>ds !ory1 ,i f9d an insup]able difficulty1 n m]ely 9 imag9+ h[ ,jews1 ,greeks1 or ,romans1 any or all ( !m1 %\ld h be5 ! orig9ators ( ,*ri/ianity1 b h[ human nature %\ld h be5 fool en\gh to orig9ate x at all6 ,= ,i am ask$ to believe t man1 su* z ,i "k him ?r\gh all hi/ory1 su* z he appe>s 9 s _m =ms ( religion :i* h be5 8 und\bt$ & mo/ wor?y fabrication1 did1 :e!r fraudul5tly or n1 :e!r design$ly or unconsci\sly1 frame a religion :i* is 9 /rik+ contra/ ) all 8 ord9>y h&iwork ( ?is sort6 ,?is religion enjo9s ! au/]e/ morality2 human religions g5]ally enjo9 a v lax "o3--?is dem&s ! mo/ ref9$ purity1 ev5 ( ! ?\ghts & desires2 o!r religions usually atta* to ext]nal & c]emonial obs]vances great] weight ?an to morality itself2--?is is s+ul>ly simple 9 its rites2 !y = ! mo/ "p consi/ ( little else2--?is exhibits a s+ul> sil5ce & ab/95ce 9 relation to ! future & invisible2 !y amply indulge ! imag9ation & fancy1 & are full ( del9eations calculat$ to gratify man's mo/ natural curiosity2--?is takes "u its special patronage ^? virtues :i* man is lea/ likely to love or cultivate1 & :i* m5 9 g5]al reg>d z pusillanim\s infirmities1 if n vices2 !y patronize ! mu/ en]getic passions1--! passions :i* made ! demigods & h]oes ( antiquity4 ,i am n say+ :i* is ! belief 9 ^! respects2 ,i am only say+ t human nature appe>s m true to itself 9 ! la/4 ,& s notori\s is all ?is1 t ! corruptions ( ,*ri/ianity1 z ye>s roll$ on1 h ev] be5 to assimilate x to ! o!r religions ( ! e>?2 to abate its spirituality2 to relax its au/]e code ( morals2 to commute its prop] claims = ext]nal obs]vances2 to encumb] its ritual ) an inf9ity ( c]emonies2 &1 above all1 to uncov] ! future & invisible1 on :i* x left a veil1 & add a purgatory into ! b>ga96 ,?us1 :e!r contra/$ ) o!r religions or ) its corrupt$ self1 ,*ri/ianity does n seem a religion :i* human nature w\ld be pleas$ to inv5t4 ,aga91 is x l ! o!r religi\s products ( human nature1 9 d>+ to aspire to univ]sal dom9ion1 & t too f\nd$ on moral p[] alone8 ,nev]1 till ,*ri/ianity appe>$1 _h su* an imag9ation ev] ent]$ ! m9d ( man6 ,o!r religions 7 national affairs2 _! gods nev] dream$ ( su* an ent]prise z t ( subdu+ all nations4 ,!y 7 naturally cont5t$ ) ! c\ntry t gave !m bir?1 & ! homage ( ! race t wor%ipp$ !m4 ,!y 71 :5 n !mselves assail$1 v tol]ant1 & did ! civil ?+ by all o!r gods ( all o!r nations1 & 7 ev5 cont5t to expire ) great propriety 7!y usually did s7 ) ! political ext9ction ( ! race ( _! vot>ies6 ,*ri/ianity alone adopts a diff]5t tone1--,g ye1 & prea* ! ,gospel to all nations4--& decl>es1 n only t x w reign1 b t none o!r %all4 ,x w n endure a rival2 x w n cons5t to h a /atue ) ! mob ( ! ,pan!on4 ,:e!r ?is ambition--call x pride & folly1 if y w1 z y well may if ! ?+ be m]ely human--0 likely to sugge/ itself to man1 consid]+ ! local & national "* ( o!r religions1 & ! app>5t hopelessness ( any su* ent]prise1 ,i h my d\bts4 ,arrogance x may be2 b x is n su* arrogance z is v natural to man4 ,^!1 ,i said1 7 among/ a few ( ! ?+s 9 :i* ,i mu/ say ,i ?\ght ! !ory ( ,*ri/ianity v unlike t ( any religion human nature 0 likely to inv5t4 ,if1 ,i cont9u$1 ,i exam9e ! pa/ hi/ory & pres5t position ( ,*ri/ianity1 ) an imp>tial eye1 ,i see t x pres5ts 9 sev]al mo/ important respects a contra/ ) o!r religions 9 po9t (fice4 ,i %all cont5t myself ) enum]at+ a few4 ,look1 !n1 at ! p]petual _s ( aggression :i* *>act]izes ?is religion2 its und5iable p[] 79 :atev] x consi/s1 & f :atev] x spr+s7 to prompt ^? :o hold x to r5d] x victori\s1--a _s :i* has m or less *>act]iz$ its :ole hi/ory3 :i* /ill lives1 ev5 9 its mo/ corrupt =ms1 & :i* has n be5 lea/ active 9 our own "t4 ,i d n see any ?+ l x 9 o!r religions4 ,till ,i see ,mollahs f ,ispahan1 ,brahm9s f ,b5>es1 ,bonzes f ,*9a1 prea*+ _! sy/ems ( religion 9 ,london1 ,p>is1 & ,b]l91 support$ ye> aft] ye> by an enorm\s exp5diture on ! "p ( _! zeal\s compatriots1 & ! nations :o support !m tak+ ! livelie/ int]e/ 9 _! success or failure1 till ,i see ?is 7call x fanatical if y w1 ! money ?us exp5d$ wa/$1 ! m5 :o give x fools71 ,i %all n be able to pron\nce ,*ri/ianity simply on a p> ) o!r religions4 ,till ! sacr$ books ( o!r religions c boa/ ( at lea/ a hundr$? "p ( ! same ef=ts to translate & diffuse !m z h be5 conc5trat$ on ! ,bible2 till we f9d !m 9 at lea/ half z _m languages2 till !y c r5d] ^? :o possess !m at lea/ a t5? "p z will+ to make co/ly ef=ts to insure to !m a circulation coext5sive ) ! family ( man2 till !y occupy an equal space 9 ! lit]ature ( ! _w1 & are equally b\nd up ) ! philosophy1 hi/ory1 poetry1 ( ! community ( civiliz$ nations2 till !y h giv5 an equal numb] ( human communities a writt5 language1 & may ?us boa/ ( hav+ imp>t$ to l>ge sections ( ! human family ! g]m ( all art1 sci5ce1 & civilization2 till !y c cite an equal am\nt ( te/imonies to _! beauty & sublimity f ^? :o reject _! div9e orig9al1--,i %all sc>cely ?9k ,*ri/ianity c be put simply on a p> ) o!r religions4 ,till x c be said t ! sacr$ books ( o!r religions are equally unique 9 relation to all ! lit]ature 9 :i* !y are imb$d$2 simil> nei!r to :at prec$es nor :at comes aft] !m1 --_! enemies !mselves be+ judges2 till !y c be %[n to be z sup]ior to all t is f\nd 9 contemporane\s au?ors z ! ,new ,te/am5t is to ! writ+s ( ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs or ! ,jewi% ,rabbis1--,i _c say t ,*ri/ianity is j l any o!r religion4 ,till we c f9d a religion t has /ood z _m diff]5t assaults f infidelity 9 ! mid/ ( x1--educat$ infidelity1 infidelity aid$ by le>n+1 g5ius1 philosophy1 freely employ+ all ! p[] ( argum5t & all ! p[] ( ridicule to disabuse its vot>ies2 till we c f9d a religion :i* c po9t to an equal array ( educat$ m51 philosophic 9 _s1 9 le>n+1 & g5ius1 deeply skill$ 9 ! inve/igation ( evid5ce1 delib]ately decl>+ t its claims are well su/a9$4--we _c say t ,*ri/ianity is j l any o!r religion4 ,till x c be %[n t ano!r religion to an equal ext5t1 has propagat$ itself )\t =ce among/ totally diff]5t races1 & 9 ! mo/ di/ant c\ntries1 & has surviv$ equal revolutions ( ?\ght & op9ion1 mann]s & laws1 among/ ^? :o h embrac$ x1 x _c be said t ,*ri/ianity is simply l any o!r religion4 ,till x c be %[n t ! sacr$ books ( o!r religions h conta9$ pr$ictions z def9ite & z unlikely to be fulfill$ z ! success ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity aga9/ all ! opposition ( prejudice & p]secution1--its volunt>y reception among/ diff]5t races1 contr>y to all ! analogies ( religi\s hi/ory1--& ! cont9u$ pres]vation ( ! ,jews among all nations )\t =m+ a "p ( any1--,i _c ?9k t ,*ri/ianity is precisely 9 ! condition ( any o!r religion4 ,su*1 g5tlem51 7 "s few ( ! diff]5ces 9 fact :i* seem$ to me1 n less ?an its !ory1 to discrim9ate ,*ri/ianity f o!r religions4 ,_h ,i 9 ^? days ( my y\?1 be5 favor$ ) ! views ( mod]n spiritualism1 ,i %\ld h add$1 t till x is %[n t "s o!r religion has possess$ an equal p[] ( m\ld+ ^? *>act]s :om ,mr4 ,newman po9ts out z ! be/ examples ( spiritual religion1 & c po9t to oracles equally p]vad$ by t s5tim5t :i* he decl>es is want+ 9 ,greek philosoph]s1 ,engli% ,dei/s1 & ,g]man ,pan!i/s1 b :i*1 he admits1 p]vades ! ,bible2 till ,i see ! dev\t m5 :om he extols produc$ by o!r religions1 or r4 ,i ought to say1 produc$ )\t !m 7:]e ,*ri/ianity h[ev] is unkn[n7 by ! unaid$ spiritual faculty1--,i _c b ?9k t ! position ( ,*ri/ianity is some:at discrim9at$ bo? f o!r religions & f ,naturalism4 ,su*1 ,i said1 to conclude1 0 an imp]fect outl9e ( "s ( my e>ly conflicts1 & su* ! cruel mode 9 :i* my unbeliev+ fri5ds laugh$ at ea* o!r's hypo!ses1 & left me de/itute ( any4 ,f9d+ t !y conclusively confut$ "o ano!r1 & p]ceiv+ at la/ t ! idea ( ! sup]human orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity did1 &1 z ,bi%op ,butl] says1 alone c resolve all ! difficulties ( ! subject1 ,i 0 compell$ to =ego all ! advantages ( infidelity1 & condesc5d$ to depress my consci5ce to ! ,biblical /&>d6 ,w\ld to ,heav5 t x _h nev] be5 depress$ bel[ x6 ,i am b\nd to say my auditors li/5$ ) c\rtesy4 ,! conv]sation 0 n[ c>ri$ on 9 little knots3 ,i1 :o 0 glad ( a re/1 0 occupi$ 9 li/5+ to a conv]sation betwe5 ,h>r+ton & 8 ,italian fri5d1 :o 0 urg+ him to take refuge f su* a ,babel ( discords z 8 company _h utt]$1 9 ! only secure asylum4 ,h>r+ton told him1 ) ! utmo/ gravity1 t "o great objection to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 0 ! unseemly lib]ty %e all[$ to ! "r ( private judgm5t2 t he f\nd 9 h] communion di/ractions ! mo/ p]plex+1 especially z betwe5 ,engli% & =eign ,romani/s6 ,aft] ! p>ty _h brok5 up1 & we 7 left alone1 ,mr4 ,fell[s1 turn+ to me1 said1 ,y lay great /ress on ! orig9ation ( su* a "* z ,*ri/4 ,b c we make its reality a lit]>y problem8 ,may x n h be5 imag9>y8 ,z ,mr4 ,newman says1 ,human nature is (t5 portray$ 9 sup]human dignity2 ,:y n 9 sup]human goodness8 ,t ! orig9ation2 said ,i1 ( su* a ,moral ,ideal1 9 s peculi> a =m1 by su* m5 z ,galilean ,jews1 is unacc\ntable en\gh1 ,i fancy all w admit2 b x is1 y obs]ve1 only "o ( ! numb]less po9ts :i* are unacc\ntable2 nei!r d ,i make ?is "o feature1 or any ( ! o!r s+ul> *>act]i/ics ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 m]ely a lit]>y problem4 ,! :ole1 y see1 is a va/ lit]>y1 moral1 intellectual1 spiritual1 & hi/orical problem4 ,b x is too mu* ! way ) y objectors to say1 ',?is may1 p]haps1 be got ov]1' & ',t may be got ov]'2 ! "q is1 z ,bi%op ,butl] says1 :e!r all c be got ov]2 = if all ! argum5ts = x be n false1 ,*ri/ianity is true4 ,y *>ge u ) ! v conduct1 retort$ ,fell[es1 :i* ,mr4 ,newman objects to ,*ri/ians4 ,!y1 says he1 affirm t ?is objection is ( little weight1 & t is ( little weight2 :]eas altoge!r !y am\nt to consid]able weight4 ,i admit x1 said ,i2 & ^? are v unfair :o d5y x4 ,b /ill1 s9ce !re are ^! ?+s ( weight on bo? sides1 ! argum5t returns1 on :i* side does ! balance on ! sum-total ( evid5ce lie8 ,b1 said ,fell[es1 h[ few are compet5t to compute t6 ,y are really pleasant1 ,mr4 ,fell[es1 ,i repli$2 ,i ?\ght ! "q we 7 argu+ 0 z to ! tru? or ! falsehood ( ,*ri/ianity1 n :e!r ! bulk ( mank9d are fully compet5t to =m an indep5d5t & pr(\nd judgm5t on its evid5ces3 v few are compet5t to d s ei!r on ?is or any o!r complex subject2 c]ta9ly n 7z our diff]5ces %[7 on ! subject ( y\r 'spiritualism4' ,b ! incompet5cy ( ! great bulk ( mank9d to deal ) complicat$ evid5ce makes a ?+ nei!r true nor false2 p]haps on ?is1 z on s _m o!r subjects1 ! few mu/ ?or\ghly sift ! matt] = ! _m4 ,if y\r pres5t objection 7 ( =ce1 :at w\ld become ( tru? 9 politics1 law1 m$ic9e1 9 all :i* ! great majority mu/ tru/ mu* to ! conclusions ( _! wis] fell[-creatures8 ,y\r obs]vation is no confutation ( ! evid5ces = ,*ri/ianity3 x is simply a satire ^u ,god & ! condition ( ! human creatures he has made6 ,well1 let t pass1 said ,fell[es2 ,i 0 go+ to say fur!r1 t x is n s cle> to e "o t ,*ri/ is s v wond]ful an ideal ( humanity4 ,d y rememb] t ,mr4 ,newman says 9 8 ',phases1' t1 :5 he 0 a boy1 he read ,b5son's ,life ( ,flet*] ( ,madely1 & ?\ght ,flet*] a m p]fect man ?an ,jesus ,*ri/8 & he also says t he imag9es1 if he 7 to read ! book aga91 he w\ld ?9k ! same4 ,h y no?+ to say to t8 ,,no?+1 said ,i1 except to po9t y to ! inf9itely diff]5t e/imates ( ,*ri/ =m$ by o!r m5 :o yet ?9k ( hi/orical ,*ri/ianity mu* z y d4 ,h[ diff]5tly d su* writ]s z ,mr4 ,greg & ,mr4 ,p>k] speak6 ,h[ d !y almo/ exhau/ ! res\rces ( language to express _! s5tim5ts ( ?is wond]ful "*6 ,z to ,mr4 ,newman's impression1 ,i d n ?9k x wor? an answ]4 ,:5 a man s f> =gets himself z to say :at he c h>dly help kn[+ w be unspeakably pa9ful to multitudes ( 8 fell[-creatures1 on ! /r5g? ( boyi% impressions1--n ev5 ?9k+ x wor? :ile to v]ify ^? impressions1 & see :e!r1 aft] ?irty or =ty ye>s1 he is n some?+ m ?an a boy1--,i ?9k x is sc>cely wor? :ile to reply4 ,*ri/ianity is will+ to consid] ! argum5ts ( m51 b n ! impressions ( boys4 ,b we mu/ n be too h>d4 said ,h>r+ton1 ^u ,mr4 ,newman2 x is evid5t1 f 8 ,hebrew ,mon>*y1 t1 z he takes a b5evol5t pleasure 9 def5d+ ^? :om nobody else w def5d1--9 pett+ ,ahab1 :om he pron\nces r weak ?an wick$1 & palliat+ ,jezebel1 ^: "* 01 x seems1 griev\sly det]iorat$ by contact ) ! 'prophets ( ,jehovah1'--s he has a *ivalr\s habit ( depress+ ^? :o h be5 p>ticul>ly ! objects ( v5]ation4 ,eli%a1 ,samuel1 & ,david are all br\ght d[n a great _m degrees 9 ! moral scale4 ,he has simply done ! same ) ,*ri/4 ,well1 said ,fell[es1 ,i _c help agree+ ) ,mr4 ,newman 9 ?9k+ t1 :5 "o he>s m5 made ! objects ( extravagant eulogy1 x almo/ 'tempts "o1 ev5 ?\gh a /rang] to _! v "n1 to pick holes1 z ! say+ is4' ,x may be s1 said ,i2 b x is a t5d5cy aga9/ :i* we %\ld gu>d4 ,x w\ld lead u1 l him ( ,a!ns1 to o/racize ,ari/ides3 we %\ld be we>y ( he>+ him cont9ually call$ ',! ,j4' ,h[ev]4 rejo9$ ,fell[es1 ,i am we>y ( he>+ ,*ri/ s p]petually call$ our example4 ,z ,mr4 ,newman says1 he _c1 except 9 a v modifi$ s5se1 be su*4 ',8 g>m5ts w n fit u4' ,did y ev] he>1 said ,i4 t fa!rs & mo!rs ought to set an example to _! *ildr58 ,c]ta9ly4 ,yet surely n 9 all ?+s c !y be su*4 ,_! g>m5ts surely w n fit _! *ildr54 ,no4 said ,h>r+ton2 ^? ( ! fa!r at all ev5ts w n1 if !y are girls1 nor ( ! "m1 if !y are boys4 ,fell[es1 ,i ?9k y _h bett] say no?+ on ?is subject4 ,if m5 ( fifty c1 9 all ess5tial po9ts1 be beautiful examples to girls ( t51--9 g5tl5ess1 9 pati5ce1 9 humility1 9 k9dness1 & s =?1--& all ! m impressively = ! wide int]val betwe5 !m1 :y1 ,i suppose ,jesus ,*ri/ may be z mu* to 8 disciples4 ,b1 aga91 urg$ ,fell[es to me1 y1 l s _m m51 seem to lay su* /ress on ! sup]iority ( ! morality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,i _c see x4 ,i confess1 ) ,mr4 ,foxton & _m m1 t x seems to me t x has n su* a v great advantage ov] t ( _m hea!n morali/s :o h said ! same ?+s1--,plato1 = example4 ,i repli$1 t1 ( c\rse1 x w\ld be ( no avail to affirm 9 g5]al 7:at ,i 0 yet conv9c$ 0 true71 t ! ,new ,te/am5t inculcat$ a sy/em ( e?ics mu* m j & compreh5sive ?an any o!r volume 9 ! _w4 ,i told him1 h[ev]1 t ,i ?\ght he w\ld n d5y t its mann] ( convey+ e?ical tru? 0 unique2 t x n only conta9$ m admirable & v>i$ summ>ies ( duty ?an any o!r book :atev]1 b t we %\ld seek 9 va9 9 any o!r = su* a pr(usion ( j maxims & weighty s5tim5ts1 express$ ) su* compreh5sive brevity1 or illu/rat$ ) s mu* beauty & pa?os4 ,i rem>k$ t1 if he w\ld be pleas$ to d z ,i _h once done1--compile a selection ( ! pr9cipal precepts & maxims f ! mo/ admirable e?ical works ( antiquity 7^? ( ,ari/otle1 = example71 & comp>e !m ) two or ?ree ( ! summ>ies ( simil> precepts 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1--he w\ld at once feel h[ mu* m vivid1 t\*+1 animat$1 & ev5 compreh5sive1 0 ! ,scriptural expression ( ! same tru?s4 ,b ,i fur!r obs]v$1 t1 ev5 to obta9 ! means ( su* comp>ison1 he mu/ reject f ,plato or ! ,/agyrite tw5ty times ! bulk ( que/ionable speculations1 & dre>y subtilties1 :i* sep>ate by long int]vals ^? gems ( moral tru?1 :i* ev]y:]e sp>kle on ! pages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,i told him ,i c\ld n help lay+ great /ress on ! degree & mann] 9 :i* ?is elem5t ent]s into ! composition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 t e?ical tru?s are !re express$ 9 e v>iety ( =m :i* c fix !m ^u ! imag9ation & ! he>t1 ) an entire abs5ce ( ^? prolix discussions & metaphysical ref9em5ts :i* =m s l>ge a portion ( ,ari/otle & ,plato4 ,if we f9d 9 ^! writ]s a moral tru? express$ ) some?+ approa*+ ! compreh5sive beauty & simplicity ( ! ,gospels1 we are fill$ ) surprise & rapture1 & dig out ) joy ! glitt]+ fragm5t f ! mass ( e>?y matt]1--oppressive disquisitions ab\t ideas & ess5ces1 en]gies & entele*ies1 & s =?1 9 :i* x is sure to be imb$d$4 ,i promis$1 if heal? & life 7 giv51 to exhibit "s day ^! gems1 ) a suffici5t portion ( ! surr\nd+ e>? /ill atta*$ to !m1 & to contra/ !m ) ^? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 ?is /range volume1 ,i cont9u$1 ! mo/ beautiful e?ical maxims exi/ 9 unexampl$ pr(usion4 ,aft] read+ ,ari/otle's e?ics1 ,i feel1 :5 ,i turn to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z ,l9naeus is said to h felt :5 he fir/ saw gr[+ wild ! masses ( bloom+ gorse1 :i* he _h nev] se5 9 8 cold ,nor?1 except z a %elt]$ exotic4 ,:e!r x 0 likely t contempor>ies ( ! ,ph>isees1 :o 7 sunk 9 =malism1 & :o _h gloss$ away e moral & spiritual ! ,law1 c\ld rea* & ma9ta9 su* elevation ( tone1 ,i leave y to judge4 ,b ?\gh ,i felt ?is1 ,i ackn[l$g$ t x 0 difficult to express x2 & said t p]haps ! be/ way to comp>e ! morality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ) ! e?ical sy/em ( any philosoph]1 or ! code ( any legislator1 w\ld be to imag9e !m all univ]sally adopt$1 & see h[ mu* w\ld h to be object$ to1--h[ mu* brick 0 m+l$ ) ! porphyry4 ,if1 = example1 said ,i1 ,plato1 :o1 ,i admit1 s fla%es ^u u ! sublime/ & mo/ compreh5sive pr9ciples ( morals1 & ^: e?ical sy/em y say is id5tical ) t ( ,*ri/ianity1 _h ! =m+ ( a republic1 y w\ld h community ( wom5 prop]ty1 --wom5 tra9$ to w>1---infanticide c]ta9 circum/ances1--"y *ildr5 l$ to battle 7?\gh at a safe di/ance71 t '! "y might e>ly sc5t c>nage1 & be inur$ to slaught]6 ,bo? ) him & ,ari/otle slav]y w\ld be a regul>ly sanction$ & p]fectly natural in/itution4 ,n only did !y ent]ta9 v lax notions ( ! relation ( ! sexes1 b ! tone 9 :i* !y speak ( mo/ abom9able corruptions--,i d n except cannibalism--to :i* humanity has ev] degrad$ impli$ t !y reg>d$ su* ?+s z comp>atively v5ial4 ,i "k no great] s+le names ?an ^!1 & ,i presume t ^! po9ts y w\ld f9d s1 difficulty 9 dige/+4 ,he admitt$ x4 ,i told him ,i suppos$ he w\ld take equal objections to ! ,g5too1 or ! ,roman1 or ! ,sp>tan code1 z also to ! ,koran4 ,he admitt$ all ?is too4 ,b n[1 if we take ! ,*ri/ian code1 & suppose ! ,new ,te/am5t made ! lit]al guide ( 9 e man1 tell me1 ,mr4 ,fell[es1 :at w\ld ! consequ5ce8 ,:at w\ld y wi% o!rwise8 ,:y1 said ,h>r+ton1 smil+1 he w\ld1 p]haps1 object t !re w\ld be no m w>1 & t retaliation w\ld be impossible4 ,! =m]1 said ,i1 we c\ld all endure1 ,i suppose2 nor be unwill+ to give up ! latt]1 see+ t !re w\ld1 9 t case1 be no wrongs to av5ge4 ,x w\ld n matt] t y w\ld be compell$ to turn y\r "r *eek to him :o smote y on ! left 7let ! int]pretation be z lit]al z y w71 s9ce no "o w\ld /rike y on ! left2 nor t y mu/ surr5d] y\r cloak to him :o took away y\r coat1 s9ce no "o w\ld take y\r coat4 ,b tell me1 is !re any ?+ m s]i\s t w\ld foll[ f ! lit]al & univ]sal adoption ( ! e?ics ( ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,fell[es ackn[l$g$ t he knew ( no?+1 unless x 0 a sanction ( slav]y4 ,i d n admit t ! ,new ,te/am5t sanctions x1 ,i repli$2 & ,i w1 if y l1 give my reasons 9 full1 ano!r "t4 ,b is !re any ?+ else8 ,he said he did n recollect any ?+4 ,b y w\ld recoil f ! lit]al realization ( ! sy/ems & codes we h m5tion$4 ,he confess$ ?is also4 ,! sup]iority ( ! ,*ri/ian code1 !n1 said ,i1 is practically ackn[l$g$4 ,& x is fur!r (t5 confess$1 9 a mo/ significant way1 by ! mode 9 :i* ! enemies ( ,*ri/ianity taunt its disciples4 ,:5 !y speak ( ! vices & corruptions ( ! hea!n1 !y blame1 & ju/ly blame1 ! pr9ciples ( _! vici\s sy/ems2 & ask h[ x c\ld be o!rwise8 ,:5 !y blame ! ,*ri/ian1 ! fir/ & ! la/ ?+ !y usually d1 is to po9t 9 triumph to ! contra/ betwe5 8 pr9ciples & practice4 ',h[ mu* bett]1' say !y1 'is 8 code ?an conduct6' ,x is z a hypocrite t !y c5sure him4 ,x is sad = him t x %\ld be s2 b x is a glori\s complim5t to ! morality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,its enemies "k n h[ to attack its disciples1 except by endeavor+ to %[ t !y d n act z x bids !m4 ,surely1 said ,i1 9 conclusion ?is uni=m excell5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian e?ics1 z comp>$ ) o!r sy/ems1 is a peculi>ity wor? not+1 & utt]ly incompreh5sible ^u ! hypo!sis t x 0 ! unaid$ "w ( man4 ,t !re are po9ts on :i* ! moral sy/ems ( m5 & nations osculate1 is mo/ true2 t !re %\ld h be5 c]ta9 approximations on _m mo/ important subjects 0 to be expect$ f ! ess5tial id5tity ( human nature1 9 all ages & c\ntries2 b _! deviations 9 "s po9t or o!r--usually 9 sev]al--f :at we ackn[l$ge to be bo? "r & exp$i5t1 is equally und5iable4 ,t1 :5 su* m5 z ,plato & ,ari/otle tri$ _! h&s ^u ! problem1 !y %\ld err1 :ile ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t %\ld h succe$$1--t ^! la/ %\ld d :at all mank9d besides _h 9 "s po9ts or o!r fail$ to d1--is suffici5tly wond]ful2 t ,galilean ,jews %\ld h solv$ ! problem is1 :e!r we consid] _! age1 _! ignorance1 or _! prepossessions1 to me utt]ly incr$ible4 ,x 0 n[ v late2 & we rose to retire4 ,mr4 ,fell[es said1 ,i %\ld be glad to "k :at answ] y w\ld make to ,mr4 ,newman's obs]vations on ?ree po9ts1--"o ( !m j allud$ to1--on :i* he affirms t undue cr$it has be5 giv5 to ,*ri/ianity2 ,i mean its suppos$ elevat+ influ5ce 9 relation to wom51 its suppos$ mitigation ( slav]y1 & its suppos$ triumphs be=e ,con/ant9e4 ,i said ,i w\ld scribble a few rem>ks on ! subject1 & w\ld give !m to him 9 a day or two4 ,i rem>k$ t ,mr4 ,newman _h treat$ ^! great subjects v briefly1 b t ,i c\ld n be q s concise z he _h be54 ,! discussions ( ! prec$+ day _h made s deep an impression ^u me1 t :5 ,i w5t to b$ ,i f\nd x v difficult to sleep2 & :5 ,i did get (f at la/1 my ?\ghts %ap$ !mselves into a s+ul> dream1 :i*1 ?\gh only a dream1 is n1 ,i ?9k1 )\t in/ruction4 ,i %all entitle x ,,! ,,blank ,,bible4 ,etl5 gegone9 vuktiphoit' oneirata4 ,a,eschyl4 ,prom4 ,v9ct4 #feg4 ,i take c\rage to proclaim night-roam+ dreams ,i ?\ght ,i 0 at home1 & t on tak+ up my ,greek ,te/am5t "o morn+ to read 7z is my wont7 a *apt]1 ,i f\nd1 to my surprise1 t :at seem$ to be ! old1 famili> book 0 a total blank2 n a "* 0 inscrib$ 9 x or ^u x4 ,i suppos$ t "s book l x _h1 by "s accid5t1 got into its place2 &1 )\t /opp+ to hunt = x1 took d[n a l>ge qu>to volume :i* conta9$ bo? ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,to my surprise1 h[ev]1 ?is also 0 a blank f beg9n+ to end4 ,) t facility ( accommodation to any absurdities :i* is prop] to dreams1 ,i did n ?9k v mu* ( ! co9cid5ce ( two blank volumes hav+ be5 sub/itut$ = two copies ( ! ,scriptures 9 two diff]5t places1 & !re=e quietly rea*$ d[n a copy ( ! ,hebrew ,bible1 9 :i* ,i c\ld j manage to make out a *apt]4 ,to my increas$ surprise1 & ev5 some?+ l t]ror1 ,i f\nd t ?is also 0 a p]fect blank4 ,:ile ,i 0 mus+ on ?is unacc\ntable ph5om5on1 my s]vant ent]$ ! room1 & said t ?ieves _h be5 9 ! h\se dur+ ! night1 = t h] l>ge ,bible1 :i* %e _h left on ! kit*5 table1 _h be5 remov$1 & ano!r volume left by mi/ake 9 its place1 ( j ! same size1 b made ( no?+ b :ite pap]4 ,%e add$1 ) a laugh1 t x mu/ h be5 a v que] k9d ( ?ief to /eal a ,bible at all2 & t he %\ld h left ano!r book in/ead1 made x ! m odd4 ,i ask$ h] if any ?+ else _h be5 miss$1 & if !re 7 any signs ( p hav+ ent]$ ! h\se4 ,%e answ]$ 9 ! negative to bo? ^! que/ions2 & ,i began to be /rangely p]plex$4 ,on go+ out into ! /reet1 ,i met a fri5d1 :o1 almo/ be=e we _h ex*ang$ greet+s1 told me t a mo/ unacc\ntable robb]y _h be5 committ$ at 8 h\se dur+ ! night1 = t e copy ( ! ,bible _h be5 remov$1 & a volume ( exactly ! same size1 b ( pure :ite pap]1 left 9 its /ead4 ,^u tell+ him t ! same accid5t _h happ5$ to myself1 we began to ?9k t !re 0 m 9 x ?an we _h at fir/ surmis$4 ,on proce$+ fur!r1 we f\nd e "o compla9+1 9 simil> p]plexity1 ( ! same loss2 & be=e night x became evid5t t a great & t]rible miracle _h be5 wr\ght 9 ! _w2 t 9 "o night1 sil5tly1 b effectually1 t h& :i* _h writt5 its t]rible m5ace on ! walls ( ,bel%azz>'s palace _h rev]s$ ! miracle2 _h spong$ out ( our ,bibles e syllable !y conta9$1 & ?us reclaim$ ! mo/ preci\s gift :i* ,heav5 _h be/[$1 & ungrateful man _h abus$4 ,i 0 curi\s to wat* ! effects ( ?is calamity on ! v>i$ *>act]s ( mank9d4 ,!re 0 univ]sally1 h[ev]1 an int]e/ 9 ! ,bible n[ x 0 lo/1 su* z _h nev] atta*$ to x :ile x 0 possess$2 & he :o _h be5 b happy en\gh to possess fifty copies might h made 8 =tune4 ,"o ke5 speculator1 z soon z ! fir/ :isp]s ( ! miracle began to spread1 ha/5$ to ! depositories ( ! ,bible ,society & ! great book-/ocks 9 ,pat]no/] ,r[1 & (f]$ to buy up at a high premium any copies ( ! ,bible t might be on h&2 b ! wor?y m]*ant 0 in=m$ t !re 0 n a s+le copy rema9+4 ,"s1 to :om _! ,bible _h be5 a blank book = tw5ty ye>s1 & :o w\ld nev] h kn[n :e!r x 0 full or empty _h n ! lam5tations ( _! neighbors impell$ !m to look into x1 7 n ! lea/ l\d 9 _! expressions ( sorr[ at ?is calamity4 ,"o old g5tleman1 :o _h nev] tr\bl$ ! book 9 8 life1 said x 0 conf\nd$ h>d to be depriv$ ( 8 religion 9 8 old age2 & ano!r1 :o seem$ to h liv$ z ?\gh he _h always be5 ( ,m&eville's op9ion1 t private vices 7 public b5efits1 0 all at once al>m$ = ! morals ( mank9d4 ,he fe>$1 he said1 t ! loss ( ! ,bible w\ld h a curs$ bad effect on ! public virtue ( ! c\ntry4 ,z ! fact 0 univ]sal & palpable1 x 0 impossible t1 l o!r miracles1 x %\ld leave ! usual loopholes = scepticism4 ,miracles 9 g5]al1 9 ord] to be miracles at all1 h be5 s+ul> or v r>e violations ( a g5]al law1 witness$ by a few1 on ^: te/imony !y are receiv$1 & 9 ! reception ( ^: te/imony consi/s ! ex]cise ( t fai? to :i* !y appeal4 ,x 0 evid5t1 t1 :atev] ! reason ( ?is miracle1 x 0 n an ex]cise ( docile & humble fai? f\nd$ on evid5ce no m ?an j suffici5t to op]ate z a moral te/4 ,?is 0 a miracle :i*1 x c\ld n be d5i$1 look$ m>vell\sly l a judgm5t4 ,h[ev]1 !re 71 9 "s cases1 indications en\gh to %[ h[ difficult x is to give su* evid5ce z w satisfy ! ob/9acy ( mank9d4 ,"o old sceptical fell[1 :o _h be5 = ye>s b$ridd51 0 long 9 be+ conv9c$ 7if inde$1 he ev] 07 t any ?+ extraord9>y _h occurr$ 9 ! _w2 he at fir/ attribut$ ! reports ( :at he he>d to ! impud5ce ( 8 s]vants & dep5d5ts1 & wond]$ t !y %\ld d>e to v5ture ^u su* a joke4 ,on f9d+ ^! ass]tions back$ by ^? ( 8 acqua9tance1 he pi%$ & p%aw$1 & look$ v wise1 & ironically congratulat$ !m on ?is cr$itable conspiracy ) ! insol5t rascals1 8 s]vants4 ,on be+ %[n ! old ,bible1 ( :i* he recogniz$ ! b9d+1 ?\gh he _h nev] se5 ! inside1 & f9d+ x a v fair book ( blank pap]1 he quietly obs]v$ t x 0 v easy to sub/itute ! "o book = ! o!r1 ?\gh he did n pret5d to div9e ! motives :i* induc$ p to attempt su* a clumsy piece ( imposition2 &1 on _! p]si/+ t !y 7 n deceiv+ him1 swore at !m z a set ( knaves1 :o w\ld fa9 p]suade him out ( 8 s5ses4 ,on _! br++ him a pile ( blank ,bibles back$ by ! assev]ations ( o!r neighbors1 he 0 ready to bur/ ) indignation4 ,z to ! volumes1 he said1 x 0 n difficult to procure a score or two '( commonplace books1' & !y _h d\btless done s to c>ry on ! *eat2 = himself he w\ld soon] believe t ! :ole _w 0 leagu$ aga9/ him ?an cr$it any su* nons5se4 ,!y 7 angry1 9 _! turn1 at 8 incr$ulity1 & told him t he 0 v mu* mi/ak5 if he ?\ght himself ( s mu* importance t !y w\ld all p]jure !mselves to delude him1 s9ce !y saw pla9ly en\gh t he c\ld d t v easily = himself1 )\t any help ( !irs4 ,!y really did n c>e "o f>?+ :e!r he believ$ !m or n3 if he did n *oose to believe ! /ory1 he might leave x alone4 ,well1 well1 said he1 x is all v f9e3 b unless y %[ me1 n "o ( ^! blank books1 :i* c\ld n impose ^u an owl1 b "o ( ! v blank ,bibles !mselves1 ,i w n believe4 ,at ?is curi\s dem&1 "o ( 8 nephews :o /ood by 7a lively "y fell[7 0 s exce$+ly tickl$1 t1 ?\gh he _h "s expectations f ! sceptic1 he c\ld n help bur/+ out into laught]2 b he became grave en\gh :5 8 angry uncle told him t he w\ld leave him 9 8 w no?+ b ! family ,bible1 :i* he might make a l$g] if he pleas$4 ,:e!r ?is resolute old sceptic ev] vanqui%$ 8 incr$ulity1 ,i d n rememb]4 ,v diff]5t f ! case ( ?is sceptic 0 t ( a mo/ excell5t female relative1 :o _h be5 equally long a prison] to h] *amb]1 & to :om ! ,bible _h be51 z to s _m ?\s&s m1 h] fai?ful companion 9 solitude1 & ! all-suffici5t solace ( h] sorr[s4 ,i f\nd h] gaz+ int5tly on ! blank ,bible1 :i* _h be5 s rec5tly bright to h] ) ! lu/re ( immortal hopes4 ,%e bur/ into te>s z %e saw me4 ,& has y\r fai? left y too1 my g5tle fri5d8 said ,i4 ,no1 %e answ]$1 & ,i tru/ x nev] w4 ,he :o has tak5 away ! ,bible has n tak5 away my memory1 & ,i n[ recall all t is mo/ preci\s 9 t book :i* has s long be5 my m$itation4 ,x is a heavy judgm5t ^u ! l&2 & surely1 add$ ?is true ,*ri/ian1 nev] ?9k+ ( ! faults ( o!rs1 ,i1 at lea/1 _c compla91 = ,i h n priz$ z ,i ought t book1 :i* yet1 ( late ye>s1 ,i ?9k ,i c say1 ,i lov$ m ?an any o!r possession on e>?4 ,b ,i "k1 %e cont9u$1 smil+ ?r\gh h] te>s1 t ! sun %9es1 ?\gh cl\ds may veil him = ! mom5t2 & ,i am un%ak5 9 my fai? 9 ^? tru?s :i* h transcrib$ on my memory1 ?\gh !y are blott$ f my book4 ,9 ^! hopes ,i h liv$1 & 9 ^! hopes ,i w die4 ,i h no consolation to (f] to y1 said ,i1 = y ne$ none4 ,%e quot$ _m ( ! passages :i* h be51 ?r\gh all ages1 ! *ief /ay ( sorr[+ humanity2 & ,i ?\ght ! words ( ,scripture _h nev] s\nd$ s solemn or s sweet be=e4 ,i %all (t5 come to see y1 ,i said1 to he> a *apt] 9 ! ,bible1 = y "k x f> bett] ?an ,i4 ,no soon] _h ,i tak5 my leave1 ?an ,i 0 in=m$ t an old lady ( my acqua9tance _h summon$ me 9 ha/e4 ,%e said %e 0 mu* impress$ by ?is extraord9>y calamity4 ,z1 to my c]ta9 k1 %e _h nev] tr\bl$ ! cont5ts ( ! book1 ,i 0 surpris$ t %e _h s tak5 to he>t ! loss ( t :i* _h1 practically1 be5 lo/ to h] all h] days4 ,sir said %e1 ! mom5t ,i ent]$1 ! ,bible1 ! ,bible4 ,yes1 madam1 said ,i1 ?is is a v griev\s & t]rible visitation4 ,i hope we may le>n ! lessons :i* x is calculat$ to tea* u4 ,i am sure1 answ]$ %e1 ,i am n likely to =get x = a :ile1 = x has be5 a griev\s loss to me4 ,i told h] ,i 0 v glad4 ,glad6 %e rejo9$4 ,yes1 ,i said1 ,i am glad to f9d t y ?9k x s great a loss1 = t loss may !n be a ga9 inde$4 ,!re is1 ?anks be to ,god1 en\gh left 9 our memories to c>ry u to heav54 ,ah6 b1 said %e1 ! hundr$ p\nds & ! villany ( my maid-s]vant4 ,h y n he>d8 ,?is gave me "s glimpse z to ! secret ( h] sorr[4 ,%e told me t %e _h deposit$ sev]al bank-notes 9 ! leaves ( h] family ,bible1 ?9k+ t1 to be sure1 nobody 0 likely to look !re = !m4 ,no soon]1 said %e1 7 ! ,bibles made useless by ?is /range ev5t1 ?an my s]vant peep$ into e copy 9 ! h\se1 & %e n[ d5ies t %e f\nd any ?+ 9 my old family ,bible1 except two or ?ree blank leaves ( ?9 pap]1 :i*1 %e says1 %e de/roy$2 t1 if any *>act]s 7 ev] on !m1 !y mu/ h be5 eras$ :5 ^? ( ! ,bible 7 oblit]at$4 ,b ,i am sure %e lies2 = :o w\ld believe t ,heav5 took ! tr\ble to blot out my preci\s bank-notes4 ,!y 7 n ,god's ^w1 ,i tr[4 ,x 0 cle> t %e consid]$ ! promise to pay bett] by f> ?an any promises :i* ! book conta9$4 ,i %\ld n h c>$ s mu* ab\t ! ,bible1 %e :9$1 hypocritically1 because1 z y truly obs]ve1 our memories may reta9 en\gh to c>ry u to heav51--a little 9 t case w\ld c]ta9ly g a great way1 ,i ?\ght to myself1--& if n1 !re are ^? :o c supply ! loss4 ,b :o is to get my bank-notes back aga98 ,o!r p h only lo/ _! ,bibles4 ,x 01 inde$1 a case beyond my p[] ( consolation4 ,! calamity n only /rongly /irr$ ! feel+s ( m51 & ^u ! :ole1 ,i ?9k1 b5eficially1 b x imm$iately /imulat$ _! +5uity4 ,x 0 wond]ful to see ! en]gy ) :i* m5 discuss$ ! subject1 & ! zeal1 too1 ) :i* !y ultimately ex]t$ !mselves to repair ! loss4 ,i c\ld ev5 h>dly regret x1 :5 ,i consid]$ :at a spectacle ( int5se activity1 intellectual & moral1 ! visitation _h occasion$4 ,x 0 v e>ly sugge/$1 t ! :ole ,bible _h aga9 & aga9 be5 quot$ piecemeal 9 "o book or o!r2 t x _h impress$ its own image on ! surface ( human lit]ature1 & _h be5 reflect$ on its c\rse z ! />s on a /eam4 ,b1 alas6 on inve/igation1 x 0 f\nd z va9 to expect t ! gleam ( />light w\ld /ill rema9 mirror$ 9 ! wat] :5 ! cl\ds _h veil$ ! />s !mselves1 z t ! bright *>act]s ( ! ,bible w\ld rema9 reflect$ 9 ! books ( man :5 _h be5 eras$ f ! ,book ( ,god4 ,on inspection x 0 f\nd t e text1 e phrase :i* _h be5 quot$1 n only 9 ! books ( devotion & !ology1 b 9 ^? ( poetry & fiction1 _h be5 remorselessly expung$4 ,nev] be=e _h ,i _h any adequate idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ! ,bible _h m\ld$ ! intellectual & moral life ( ! la/ eighte5 c5turies1 nor h[ intimately x _h int]fus$ itself ) habits ( ?\ght & modes ( expression2 nor h[ naturally & ext5sively its compreh5sive imag]y & language _h be5 introduc$ into human writ+s1 & mo/ ( all :]e !re _h be5 mo/ ( g5ius4 ,a va/ portion ( lit]ature became in/antly wor?less1 & 0 trans=m$ into s mu* wa/e-pap]4 ,x 0 almo/ impossible to look into any book ( any m]it1 & read t5 pages toge!r1 )\t com+ to "s provok+ erasures & mutilations1 "s hiatus valde defl5di1 :i* made :ole passages p]fectly un9telligible4 ,_m ( ! sweete/ passages ( ,%akspe>e 7 conv]t$ into unmean+ nons5se1 f ! abs5ce ( ^? words :i* 8 own all b div9e g5ius _h appropriat$ f a /ill div9] s\rce4 ,z to ,milton1 he 0 ne>ly ru9$1 z might naturally be suppos$4 ,walt] ,scott's novels 7 fill$ ) p]petual lacunae4 ,i hop$ x might be o!rwise ) ! philosoph]s1 & s x 02 b ev5 "h x 0 curi\s to see :at /range ravages ! visitation _h wr\ght4 ,"s ( ! mo/ beautiful & compreh5sive ( ,bacon's ,aphorisms 7 r$uc$ to enigmatical nons5se4 ,^? :o held l>ge /ocks ( books knew n :at to d4 ,ru9 />$ !m 9 ! face2 _! value fell sev5ty or eighty p] c5t4 ,all bran*es ( !ology1 9 p>ticul>1 7 a drug4 ,"o fell[ said1 t he %\ld n s mu* h m9d$ if ! miracle _h spong$ out :at 0 human z well z :at 0 div9e1 = 9 t case he w\ld at lea/ h _h s _m ?\s& volumes ( fair blank pap]1 :i* 0 z mu* z _m ( !m 7 wor? be=e4 ,a wag answ]$1 t x 0 n usual1 9 despoil+ a h\se1 to c>ry away any ?+ except ! valuables4 ,meantime1 millions ( blank ,bibles fill$ ! %elves ( /ation]s1 to be sold = day-books & l$g]s1 s t !re seem$ to be no m employm5t = ! pap]-mak]s 9 t direction = _m ye>s to come4 ,a fri5d1 :o us$ to m\rn ov] ! ?\ght ( palimpse/ manuscripts1--( portions ( ,livy & ,cic]o eras$ to make way = ! nons5se ( "s old monki% *ronicl]1 --exclaim$1 z he saw a tradesman trudg+ (f ) a h&some morocco-b\nd qu>to = a day-book1 ,only ?9k ( ! pages once fill$ ) ! poetry ( ,isaiah1 & ! p>ables ( ,*ri/1 spong$ clean to make way = ord]s = silks & sat9s1 musl9s1 *eese1 & bacon6 ,! old au?ors1 ( c\rse1 7 left to _! mutilations2 !re 0 no way 9 :i* ! confusion c\ld be rem$i$4 ,b ! liv+ began to prep>e new editions ( _! works1 9 :i* !y endeavor$ to give a new turn to ! ?\ghts :i* _h be5 mutilat$ by erasure1 & ,i 0 nor a little amus$ to see t _m1 hav+ /ol5 f writ]s ^: compositions 7 z mu* mutilat$ z _! own1 c\ld n tell ! mean+ ( _! own pages4 ,x seem$ at fir/ to be a n unnatural impression1 t ev5 ^? :o c\ld recall ! eras$ texts z !y p]us$ ! injur$ books1 --:o c\ld m5tally full up ! imp]fect clauses1--7 n at lib]ty to inscribe !m2 !y seem$ to fe> t1 if !y did s1 ! *>act]s w\ld be z if writt5 9 invisible ink1 or w\ld surely fade away4 ,x 0 ) trembl+ t "s at l5g? made ! attempt1 & to _! unspeakable joy f\nd ! impression durable4 ,day aft] day pass$2 /ill ! *>act]s rema9$2 & ! p l5g? came to ! conclusion1 t ,god left !m at lib]ty1 if !y c\ld1 to recon/ruct ! ,bible = !mselves out ( _! collective remembrances ( its div9e cont5ts4 ,?is l$ aga9 to "s curi\s results1 all ( !m s+ul>ly indicative ( ! good & ill t is 9 human nature4 ,x 0 ) incr$ible joy t m5 came to ! conclusion t ! book might be ?us recov]$ ne>ly entire1 & ne>ly 9 ! v words ( ! orig9al1 by ! comb9$ ef=t ( human memories4 ,"s ( ! obscure/ ( ! species1 :o _h /udi$ no?+ else b ! ,bible1 b :o _h well /udi$ t1 came to be objects ( rev]5ce among ,*ri/ians & booksell]s2 & ! v>i\s texts !y quot$ 7 tak5 d[n ) ! utmo/ c>e4 ,he :o c\ld fill up a *asm by ! re/oration ( words :i* 7 only p>tially rememb]$1 or c\ld contribute ! lea/ text t _h be5 =gott51 0 reg>d$ z a sort ( public b5efactor4 ,at l5g?1 a great public movem5t among/ ! div9es ( all d5om9ations 0 project$1 to collate ! results ( ^! p>tial recov]ies ( ! sacr$ text4 ,x 0 curi\s1 aga91 to see 9 h[ v>i\s ways human passions & prejudices came into play4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! sev]al p>ties :o _h furni%$ f memory ! same portions ( ! sacr$ texts _h fall5 into a great v>iety ( diff]5t read+s2 & ?\gh mo/ ( !m 7 ( z little importance 9 !mselves z ! bulk ( ^? :i* are p>ad$ 9 ! critical rec5sions ( ,mill1 ,griesba*1 or ,tis*5dorf1 !y became1 f ! ob/9acy & folly ( ! m5 :o cont5d$ ab\t !m1 important diff]5ces1 m]ely because !y 7 diff]5ces4 ,two rev]5d m5 ( ! synod1 ,i rememb]1 _h a r t\gh dispute z to :e!r x 0 twelve baskets full ( fragm5ts ( ! five loaves :i* ! five ?\s& left1 & sev5 baskets full ( ! sev5 loaves :i* ! f\r ?\s& _h left1 or vice v]sa3 z also :e!r ! words 9 ,john vi4 #ai 7 ab\t tw5ty or five & tw5ty1 or ab\t ?irty or five & ?irty furlongs4 ,to d ! assembly ju/ice1 h[ev]1 !re 0 f\nd an int5se g5]al e>ne/ness & s9c]ity befitt+ ! occasion1 & an equally int5se desire to obta91 z ne>ly z possible1 ! v words ( ! lo/ volume2 only 7z 0 also1 alas6 natural7 vanity 9 "s2 9 o!rs1 confid5ce 9 _! /rong impressions & 9 ! accuracy ( _! memory2 ob/9acy & p]t9acity 9 _m m 7all aggravat$ z usual by controv]sy71--caus$ _m odd emb>rassm5ts be=e ! f9al adju/m5t 0 effect$4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck ) ! v>ieties ( read+ :i* m]e prejudices 9 favor ( c]ta9 sy/ems ( !ology occasion$ 9 ! sev]al p>tisans ( ea*4 ,no d\bt ! wor?y m5 7 g5]ally unconsci\s ( ! influ5ce ( ^! prejudices2 yet1 someh[1 ! memory 0 seldom s de> 9 relation to ^? texts :i* told aga9/ !m z 9 relation to ^? :i* told = !m4 ,a c]ta9 ,quak] _h an impression t ! words in/itut+ ! ,eu*>i/ 7 prec$$ by a qualify+ expression1 ,& ,jesus said to ! twelve1 ,d ?is 9 remembrance ( me2 :ile he c\ld n exactly recollect :e!r or n ! =mula ( baptism 0 express$ 9 ! g5]al t]ms "s ma9ta9$ x 04 ,sev]al ,unit>ians _h a cle> recollection1 t 9 sev]al places ! au?ority ( manuscripts1 z e/imat$ 9 ,griesbaeh's rec5sion1 0 decid$ly aga9/ ! common read+2 :ile ! ,tr9it>ians ma9ta9$ t ,griesbaeb's rec5sion 9 ^? in/ances _h left t read+ undi/urb$4 ,an ,episcopalian began to b>e 8 d\bts :e!r ! usage 9 favor ( ! int]*ange ( ! words bi%op & presbyt] 0 s uni=m z ! ,presbyt]ian & ,indep5d5t ma9ta9$1 & :e!r !re 0 n a passage 9 :i* ,timo?y & ,titus 7 expressly call$ bi%ops4 ,! ,presbyt]ian & ,indep5d5t _h simil> biases2 & "o g5tleman1 :o 0 a /r5u\s advocate ( ! sy/em ( ! latt]1 en=c$ "o equivocal remembrance by say+1 he c\ld1 z x 71 di/9ctly see ! v spot on ! page be=e 8 m9d's eye4 ,su* tricks w imag9ation play ) ! memory1 :5 preconception plays tricks ) ! imag9ation6 ,9 l mann]2 x 0 se5 t1 :ile ! ,calv9i/ 0 v di/9ct 9 8 recollection ( ! n9? *apt] ( ,romans1 8 memory 0 v fa9t z respects ! exact word+ ( "s ( ! v]ses 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,james2 & ?\gh ! ,arm9ian _h a mo/ vivaci\s impression ( all ^? passages :i* spoke ( ! claims ( ! law1 he 0 9 "s d\bt :e!r ! ,apo/le ,paul's s5tim5ts respect+ human depravity1 & ju/ification by fai? alone1 _h n be5 a little exagg]at$4 ,9 %ort1 x v de>ly appe>$ t tradition 0 no safe guide2 t if1 ev5 :ile %e 0 h>dly a mon? old2 %e c\ld play su* freaks ) ! memories ( hone/ p1 !re 0 b a sorry prospect ( ! secure transmission ( tru? = eighte5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,f ea* man's memory seem$ to glide some?+ or o!r :i* he 0 n incl9$ to reta9 !re1 & ea* seem$ to sub/itute 9 its /ead some?+ t he lik$ bett]4 ,?\gh ! assembly 0 9 ! ma9 mo/ anxi\s to come to a "r decision1 & really advanc$ an imm5se way t[>ds complet+ a true & fai?ful copy ( ! lo/ orig9al1 ! disputes :i* arose1 on almo/ e po9t ( !ology1 promis$ ! _w an abundant crop ( new sects & s*isms4 ,already !re _h sprung up sev]al ^: names _h nev] be5 he>d ( 9 ! _w1 b = ?is calamity4 ,among/ !m 7 two :o 7 call$ ! ,long ,memories & ! ,%ort ,memories4 ,_! g5]al t5d5cies co9cid$ pretty mu* ) ^? ( ! or?odox & ! rationali/s4 ,x 0 curi\s to see by :at odd associations1 sometimes ( contra/1 sometimes ( resemblance1 obscure texts 7 recov]$1 ?\gh !y 7 v]ifi$1 :5 once m5tion$1 by ! consci\sness ( hundr$s4 ,"o old g5tleman1 a mis]1 contribut$ 7& x 0 all he did contribute7 a maxim ( prud5ce1 :i* he recollect$1 pr9cipally f hav+ sy/ematically abus$ x4 ,all ! e?ical maxims1 inde$1 7 soon collect$2 = ?\gh1 z usual1 no "o recollect$ 8 own peculi> duties or infirmities1 e "o1 z usual1 k9dly rememb]$ ^? ( 8 neighbors4 ,husb&s rememb]$ :at 0 due f _! wives1 & wives :at 0 due f _! husb&s4 ,! unpleasant say+s ab\t bett] to dwell on ! h\se-top & ! p]petual dropp+ on a v ra9y day 7 call$ to m9d by ?\s&s4 ,almo/ ! :ole ( ,prov]bs & ,ecclesia/es 7 contribut$1 9 ! m]e/ fragm5ts1 9 ?is way4 ,z = ,solomon's times = e ?+1 few c\ld rememb] !m all1 b e body rememb]$ "s4 ,und]tak]s said !re 0 a "t to m\rn1 & com$ians t !re 0 a "t to laugh2 "y ladies innum]able rememb]$ t !re 0 a "t to love1 & p ( all k9ds t !re 0 a "t to hate2 e body knew !re 0 a "t to speak1 b a wor?y ,quak] rem9d$ !m t !re 0 also a "t to keep sil5ce4 ,"s dry p>ts ( ! laws ( ,moses 7 recov]$ by ! memory ( juri/s1 :o seem$ to h no k :atev] ( any o!r p>ts ( ! sacr$ volume2 :ile 9 l mann] "o or two antiqu>ians suppli$ "s v difficult g5ealogical & *ronological matt]s1 9 equal ignorance ( ! moral & spiritual cont5ts ( ! ,scriptures4 ,z p became accu/om$ to ! ph5om5on1 ! p]v]se humors ( mank9d display$ !mselves 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,! ef=ts ( ! pi\s assembly 7 abundantly laugh$ at2 b ,i mu/1 9 ju/ice1 add1 )\t driv+ !m f _! purpose4 ,"s pr(ane wags sugge/$ !re 0 n[ a good opportunity ( realiz+ ! s*eme tak+ n out ( ! ,comm&m5ts & ins]t+ x 9 ! ,cre$4 ,b !y 7 s>ca/ically told1 t ! old objection to ! plan w\ld /ill apply2 t !y w\ld n s9 ) equal reli% if !y 7 expressly comm&$ to d s1 nor take su* pleasure 9 infidelity if infidelity became a duty4 ,o!rs said t1 if ! _w mu/ wait till ! synod _h conclud$ its labors1 ! prophecies ( ! ,new ,te/am5t w\ld n be writt5 till "s "t aft] _! fulfilm5t2 & t1 if all ! conjectures ( ! le>n$ div9es 7 ins]t$ 9 ! new edition ( ! ,bible1 ! decl>ation 9 ,john w\ld be lit]ally v]ifi$1 & t ! _w itself w\ld n conta9 all ! books :i* w\ld be writt54 ,b ! mo/ amus+ ?+ ( all 0 to see1 z "t made man m famili> ) ?is /range ev5t1 ! v>iety ( speculations :i* 7 ent]ta9$ respect+ its object & design4 ,_m began gravely to "q :e!r x 0 ! duty ( ! synod to attempt ! recon/ruction ( a book ( :i* ,god himself _h s manife/ly depriv$ ! _w1 & :e!r x 0 n a pr(ane1 nay1 an a!i/ical1 attempt to fru/rate 8 w4 ,"s1 :o 7 secretly glad to be releas$ f s tr\blesome a book1 7 p>ticul>ly pi\s on ?is head1 & exclaim$ bitt]ly aga9/ ?is ra% attempt to c\nt]act & cancel ! decrees ( ,heav54 ,! ,papi/s1 on _! "p1 7 confid5t t ! design 0 to correct ! exorbitancies ( a rabid ,prote/antism1 & %[ ! _w1 by direct miracle1 ! necessity ( submitt+ to ! decision ( _! ,*ur* & ! infallibility ( ! supreme ,pontiff2 :o1 z !y truly alleg$1 c\ld decide all knotty po9ts q z well )\t ! ,^w ( ,god z ) x4 ,on be+ rem9d$ t ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs1 on :i* !y laid s mu* /ress z ! v\*]s ( _! traditions1 7 mutilat$ by ! same /roke :i* _h demoli%$ ! ,bible 7all _! quotations f ! sacr$ volume be+ eras$71 "s ( ! ,jesuits affirm$ t _m ( ! ,fa!rs 7 r improv$ ?an o!rwise by ! omission1 & t !y f\nd ^! writ+s q z intelligible & n less edify+ ?an be=e4 ,9 ?is1 _m ,prote/ants v cordially agre$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m ( our mod]n infidels gave an entirely new turn to ! :ole affair1 by say+ t ! visitation 0 evid5tly n 9 judgm5t1 b 9 m]cy2 t ,god 9 compassion1 & n 9 indignation1 _h tak5 away a book :i* man _h reg>d$ ) an extravagant admiration & idolatry1 & :i* !y _h exalt$ to ! place ( t cle> int]nal oracle :i* ,he _h plant$ 9 ! human brea/2 9 a ^w1 t1 if x 0 a rebuke at all1 x 0 a rebuke to a rampant ,bibliolatry4 ,z ,i he>d all ^! diff]5t v]sions ( s simple a matt]1 & f\nd t n a few 7 incl9$ to ea*1 ,i c\ld1 n help exclaim+1 ,9 tru? ! ,devil is a v clev] fell[1 & man ev5 a great] blockhead ?an ,i _h tak5 him =4 ,b 9 spite ( ! surprise ) :i* ,i _h li/5$ to ^! v>i\s explanations ( an ev5t :i* seem$ to me cle> z if writt5 ) a sunbeam1 ?is la/ reason1 :i* assign$ z ! cause ( ,god's resumption ( 8 own gift1 an extravagant admiration & v5]ation ( x on ! "p ( mank9d1--x be+ s notori\s t ^? :o pr(ess$ belief 9 its div9e orig9 & au?ority _h 7ev5 ! be/ ( !m7 s griev\sly neglect$ bo? ! /udy & ! practice ( x1--/ruck me z s exquisitely ludicr\s1 t ,i broke into a fit ( laught]1 :i* awoke me4 ,i f\nd t x 0 broad daylight1 & ! morn+ sun 0 /ream+ 9 at ! w9d[1 & %9+ 9 quiet radiance ^u ! op5 ,bible :i* lay on my table4 ,s /rongly _h my dream impress$ me1 t ,i almo/ felt z ?\gh1 on inspection1 ,i %\ld f9d ! sacr$ leaves a blank1 & x 0 !re=e ) joy t my eyes re/$ on ^? words1 :i* ,i read ?r\gh grateful te>s3 ,! gifts ( ,god are )\t rep5tance4 ,july #ai4 ,?is morn+ my fri5ds treat$ me to a long dialogue 9 :i* x 0 cont5d$ ,,t ,,miracles ,,are ,,impossible1 ,,b ,,t ,,x ,,is ,,impossible ,,to ,,prove ,,x4 ,i ?9k1 ,fell[es1 ,h>r+ton began1 if !re be any po9t 9 :i* y & ,i are likely to agree1 x is 9 t dogma t miracles are impossible4 ,& yet "h1 z usual1 my sceptical d\bts pursue & baffle me4 ,i wi% y w\ld try ) me :e!r !re be n an escape f !m4 ,fell[es ass5t$4 ,z ,i h to propose & expla9 my d\bts1 said ,h>r+ton1 p]haps y w excuse my tak+ ! 'lion's %>e' ( ! conv]sation4 ,b n[1 by way ( beg9n+ 9 "s way1--:at1 my de> fri5d1 is a miracle8 ,:at is a miracle8 ,ay1 t is ! "q2 b ?\gh x may be difficult to f9d an exact def9ition ( x1 x is easily und]/ood by e body4 ,v likely2 !n y c ) m ease give me y\r notion ( x4 ,if1 = example1 said ,fell[es1 ! sun :i* has ris5 s long1 e morn+1 7 to rise no m2 or if a man1 :om we knew to be dead & buri$1 7 to come to life aga92 or if :at we "k to be wat] 7 at once to become w9e1 none w\ld hesitate to call t a miracle4 ,y rememb]1 p]haps1 said ,h>r+ton1 an amus+ little play ( ,socratic humor 9 ! dialogue ( ,!aetetus1 some:]e 9 ! introduction1 :5 ! ironical qu]i/ has ask$ t intellig5t y\? :at sci5ce is8 ,i _c say t ,i d2 = ?\gh ,i h read t dialogue1 x is "s ye>s ago4 ,let me read y ! passage !n4 ,"h x is1 said ,h>r+ton1 rea*+ d[n ! dialogue & turn+ to ! place4 ',tell me frankly1' says ,socrates1 ':at d y ?9k sci5ce is8' ',x appe>s to me1' says ,!aetetus1 't su* ?+s z "o may le>n f ,!odorus "h1 --namely1 geometry1 z well z o!r ?+s :i* y h j enum]at$2 & aga91 t ! %oemak]'s art1 & ^? ( o!r artisans1--all & ea* ( !m are no?+ else b sci5ce4' ',y are munific5t inde$1' said ,socrates2 '= :5 ask$ = "o ?+1 y h giv5 _m4' ,i almo/ ?9k1 cont9u$ ,h>r+ton1 t1 if ,socrates 7 "h1 he w\ld d :at ,i %\ld n presume to d1--bant] y 9 a some:at simil> way4 ,he w\ld say1 t1 hav+ ask$ :at a miracle 01 ,mr4 ,fell[es told him t half a doz5 ?+s 7 miracles1 b did n tell him :at e miracle 02 t is1 nev] told him :at made all miracles su*4 ,suff] me aga9 to ask y :at a miracle is8 ,i recollect n[ en\gh ( ! *>m+ dialogue f :i* y h tak5 occasion to twit me1 to answ] y 9 ! same ve94 ,z x turns out1 ,socrates1 appe>s to be at lea/ equally ignorant ) ,!aetetus z to ! def9ition ( :i* he is 9 se>*4 ,i ?9k x may be z well = me to d at once :at c]ta9ly ,!aetetus w\ld h done1 _h he kn[n t 8 reprov] 0 z mu* 9 ! d>k z himself4 ,:at is t8 said ,h>r+ton4 ,he w\ld h cut %ort a good deal ( bant] by at once turn+ ! tables ^u 8 ironical torm5tor2 ackn[l$g+ 8 impot5ce1 & mak+ him give ! requir$ def9ition4 ,come1 let me take t c\rse4 ,i h no objection1 my fri5d1 if y w fir/1 z y say1 ackn[l$ge y\r impot5ce2 only ,i w\ld n advise y1 = 9 t case y w\ld be oblig$ to confess t y h resolv$ ) me t a miracle is impossible1 & yet t y are n q sure t y c tell1 or r own t y _c1 :at a miracle is4 ,let me entreat y to essay "s def9ition2 & if y break d[n1 ,i h no objection to take my *ance ( ! honor ( success or ! ignom9y ( failure4 ,! fact is1 answ]$ ,fell[es1 t1 l _m o!r ?+s1 x is bett] und]/ood-- ,?an describ$1 z ! noveli/s say1 :5 !y feel t _! p[]s ( description fail !m4 ,b ?is w h>dly d = u2 we are philosoph]s1 y "k 7save ! m>k67 9 se>* ( tru?4--,a ?+ t is well kn[n by e body1 & is capable ( be+ describ$ by nobody1 w\ld be almo/ a miracle ( itself2 & ,i ?9k x imports u to give "s bett] acc\nt ( ! matt]4 ,i c see t my or?odox uncle !re is already secretly amus+ himself at ! anticipation ( our p]plexities4 ,i took no notice ( ! rem>k1 b w5t on writ+4 ,well1 !n1 if ,i mu/ give y "s def9ition1 said ,fell[es1 ,i "k n if ,i c d bett] ?an avail myself ( ! usual "o1 t x is a susp5sion or violation ( a law ( nature4 ,is n t ! acc\nt :i* ,hume gives ( ! matt]8 ,i ?9k x is4 ,i am afraid1 h[ev]1 t at ! v outset we %\ld h "s difficulty 9 det]m9+ "o ( ! phrases us$ 9 ?is v def9ition1--namely1 h[ we are to und]/& a law ( nature4 ,i d n ask :e!r law implies a lawgiv]2 y w ass]t x1 & ,i %all n ga9say x3 x is at pres5t immat]ial4 ,b d y n mean by a law ( nature 7,i am ask+ ! "q m]ely to asc]ta9 :e!r or n we are ?9k+ ( ! same ?+7 j ?is2--! fact t simil> ph5om5a uni=mly reappe> 9 an obs]v$ s]ies ( antec$5ts & consequ5ts1 :i* s]ies is inv>iable s f> z we "k1 & s f> z o!rs "k1 ^: exp]i5ce we c te/8 ,is n t :at y mean8 ,y d n1 ,i presume1 suppose y "k any ?+ ( ! connection :i* b9ds toge!r causes & effects1 or ! mann] 9 :i* ! secret bond 7if !re be any7 :i* unites antec$5ts & consequ5ts1 9 any natural ph5om5a1 is ma9ta9$8 ,i c]ta9ly make no su* pret5sions2 all t ,i mean by a law ( nature is j :at y h m5tion$4 ,i %all be well cont5t to adh]e to y\r explanation1 answ]$ ,fell[es4 ,s t :5 we obs]ve simil> ph5om5a reproduc$ 9 ! a=esaid s]ies ( antec$5ts & consequ5ts1 we call t a law ( nature1 & affirm t violation ( t law w\ld be a miracle1 & impossible8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,& fur!r1 d y n agree ) me t su* inv>iable s]ies is suffici5tly c]tifi$ to u by our own uni=m exp]i5ce1--t ( all our neighbors & fri5ds1--&1 9 a ^w1 t ( all ^: exp]i5ce we c te/8 ,i agree ) y4 ,i am cont5t1 repli$ ,h>r+ton2 b at ! outset x seems to me t ! expression ,i h us$ requires a little expansion to meet ! sophi/ry ( our oppon5ts4 ,i w ei!r expla9 myself n[1 & !n leave y to judge2 or ,i w say no m ( ! matt] "h1 b pursue our discussion1 & let ! difficulty 7if !re be "o7 disclose itself 9 ! c\rse ( x1 & be provid$ = z may be 9 our p[]4 ,:at is x8 ,x is ?is2--t x _c1 ) tru?1 be said1 9 relation to _m ph5om5a1 t 7s f> z our exp]i5ce in=ms u7 !y d foll[ ea* o!r 9 an absolutely inv>iable ord]2 :i* ph5om5a1 nev]!less1 we believe to be z mu* "u ! dom9ion ( law z ! re/2 & any violation ( ?is law1 ,i presume1 y w\ld ?9k z mu* a miracle z any o!r4 ,= example1 we d n f9d ! same rem$ies or ! same regim5 w produce ! same effects ^u diff]5t individuals at diff]5t times2 aga91 ! v>ieties ( ! wea!r1 9 e climate1 are dep5d5t ^u s _m causes1 t x transc5ds all human skill to calculate !m4 ,yet ,i d>e say y c easily imag9e c]ta9 degrees & cont9uity ( *ange 9 ^! v>iable ph5om5a :i* y w\ld n hesitate to call z mu* miracle z if ! dead 7 rais$1 or ! sun /ay$ 9 mid-heav54 ,yes1 unque/ionably1 repli$ ,fell[es2 if ,i f\nd1 = in/ance t a doz5 m5 c\ld take an ounce ( ars5ic or half a p\nd ( opium ) impunity1 ,i %\ld n hesitate to reg>d x z a miracle1 al?\gh ! precise am\nt suffici5t to kill 9 any p>ticul> case might n be capable ( be+ asc]ta9$4 ,9 ! same mann]1 if ,i f\nd t ?\gh ! am\nt ( heat & cold 9 summ] & w9t] 9 our climate is subject to m>k$ v>iations1 yet t sudd5ly = sev]al consecutive ye>s we _h m fro/ 9 ,july ?an 9 ,decemb]2 t gooseb]ries & currants 7 gett+ ripe on ,*ri/mas day1 & m5 7 skat+ on ! ,s]p5t9e on ! #aj? ( ,augu/1 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly argue t a *ange tantam\nt to a miracle _h be5 wr\ght 9 nature4 ,y h j express$ my own feel+s on t po9t1 said ,h>r+ton2 & x 0 ?is v consid]ation :i* made me say1 t1 9 ord] to r5d] my expression p]fectly cle>1 & to obviate misconception & misrepres5tation1 we mu/ endeavor to include ?is v frequ5t case ( a c]ta9 limit$ v>iation f ! ord] ( nature z consi/5t ) ! abs5ce ( miracle1 & a c]ta9 degree ( t v>iation z inconsi/5t ) x4 ,w y j /ate our crit]ion once m1 ) ! limitation atta*$2 & !n ,i %all "k bett] :e!r we are c]ta9ly agre$ 9 ! crit]ion we ought to employ8 ,i say1 !n1 resum$ ,h>r+ton1 t our uni=m exp]i5ce1 t ( our fri5ds & neighbors1 & ( all ^: exp]i5ce we h ! opportunity ( te/+1 z to ! ord] ( nature1--mean+ by t ei!r an ord] absolutely inv>iable1 or v>y+ only limits :i* are !mselves absolutely inv>iable1--ju/ifies u 9 pron\nc+ an ev5t contradict+ su* exp]i5ce to be all impossibility4 ,if ! pr9ciple is wor? any ?+1 let u embrace x1 & inflexibly apply x4 ,& ,i1 = "o1 repli$ ,fell[es1 am q satisfi$ ) ! pr9ciple & ! limitations y h laid d[n2 & am s confid5t ( its correctness1 t ,i d n hesitate to say t all ! miracul\s hi/ories on record are to be summ>ily reject$4 ,= example1 said ,h>r+ton1 we h se5 ! sun rise e morn+ & set e ev5+ all our lives2 & e "o ^: exp]i5ce we c te/ has se5 ! same4 ,e man :o has come into ! _w has come into x b "o way1 & has z c]ta9ly gone out ( x1 & has n return$2 & e "o ^: exp]i5ce we c te/ affirms ! same4 ,we !re=e conclude on ?is uni=m & inv>iable exp]i5ce1 t ! same sequ5ces took place ye/]day & ! day be=e1 & w take place tomorr[ & ! day aft]2 & we may fe>lessly apply ?is pr9ciple bo? to ! pa/ & ! future4 ,i "k ( no o!r reason = reject+ a miracle2 & if ,i am to apply ! pr9ciple at all to ph5om5a :i* h n fall5 "u my own obs]vation1 ,i mu/ apply x )\t re/riction4 ,i am q ( y\r m9d4 ,y ?9k1 ) me1 t our exp]i5ce1--! exp]i5ce ( ^? ab\t u1--! exp]i5ce ( all ^: exp]i5ce we h ! means ( te/+1--is suffici5t to settle ! "q z to ! exp]i5ce ( ^? ^: exp]i5ce we h n ! means ( te/+2 :o liv$1 = example1 a ?\s& ye>s be=e we 7 born2 or 9 a di/ant "p ( ! _w1 :]e we h nev] be58 ,c]ta9ly3 :y %\ld we hesitate s to apply x8 ,i am sure ,i "k n2 & y see ,i am n unwill+ s to apply x4 ,only ,i ask$ ! "q1 because we mu/ n =get t _m say x is begg+ ! "q2 =1 z a 'miracle' has n be5 ex]t$ on u to give u a vision ( ! pa/ exp]i5ce ( man1 or 8 pres5t exp]i5ce 9 any "p ( ! _w we nev] visit$1 our oppon5ts affirm1 t to say t ! exp]i5ce we tru/ to has be5 & is ! univ]sal exp]i5ce ( man1 is a cle> petitio pr9cipii4 ,surely1 said ,fell[es1 x may be said t ! g5]al exp]i5ce ( mank9d has be5 ( su* a "*4 ,exactly s1 z a po/ulate f our exp]i5ce1 z a g5]aliz$ assumption t our exp]i5ce may be tak5 z a specim5 & crit]ion ( all exp]i5ce4 ,we assume t1--we d n prove x4 ,x is j z 9 any o!r case ( induction2 we say1 ',because ?is is true 9 tw5ty or ?irty or a hundr$ in/ances 7z ! case may be71 :i* we c te/1 --!re=e x is g5]ally or univ]sally true'2 we d n say1 because ?is is true 9 ^! in/ances1 & because x is also g5]ally or univ]sally true1 !re=e x is s6 ,no2 our true premise is re/rict$ to :at alone we "k f our exp]i5ce & ! exp]i5ce ( all ^: exp]i5ce we c te/ if we please4 ,?is is our real gr\nd on :i* we are to ju/ify our rejection ( all miracles1 & let u adh]e to x4 ,z to y\r g5]al exp]i5ce1 y see1 ! advocate ( miracles easily gets ov] t4 ,he says1 ',:y1 no "o pret5ds t miracles are z pl5ty z blackb]ries2 o!rwise !y w\ld no long] be miracles2 ^! are comp>atively r>e ev5ts1 ( c\rse2 &1 be+ r>e1 are necess>ily at v>iance ) g5]al exp]i5ce'2 &1 = my "p1 ,i %\ld n "k h[ to answ] ! objection4 ,well1 !n1 said ,fell[es4 let u adh]e to t :i* is our real gr\nd ( objection1 & let u consi/5tly apply x4 ,) all my he>t1 said ,h>r+ton2 we agree !n1 t our own uni=m exp]i5ce1--t ( all our neighbors & fri5ds1--9 fact1 ( all ^: exp]i5ce we c te/1 is a suffici5t crit]ion ( a law ( nature1 & ju/ifies u 9 at once reject+ z possible any alleg$ fact :i* violates x4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,= example1 if x 7 ass]t$ t la/ ye> t ! sun nev] rose on a c]ta9 day1 or1 r1 = tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! rotation ( ! e>? ceas$1 we %\ld in/antly reject ! /ory1 )\t exam9ation ( witnesses1 or any su* ?+4 ,no d\bt ( t4 ,& j s 9 o!r cases4 ,?is1 !n1 is our gr\nd4 ,y w\ld n 7if ,i may advise7 lay mu* /ress on ! fact t !re h be5 s _m /ories ( a sup]natural k9d false4 ,:y1 ,i d n "k :e!r x w\ld n be wise to insi/ ^u t argum5t4 ,x seems to be n )\t weight1 urg$ ,fell[es4 ,p]haps s1 repli$ ,h>r+ton2 b x has1 y see1 ?is inconv5i5ce1 ( prov+ m ?an y want4 ,! great] "p by f> ( all religions h be5 false4 ,b y affirm t !re is "o little sy/em absolutely true4 ,! great] "p ( ! !ories ( sci5ce & philosophy1 :i* m51 f "t to "t1 h fram$1 h also be5 false2 & yet y believe t !re is su* a ?+ z true philosophy & true sci5ce4 ,simil>ly1 ! g5]ality ( political gov]nm5ts h be5 f\nd$ on vici\s pr9ciples1 yet y hope = a political mill5nium at la/4 ,9 %ort1 ! argum5t w\ld g to prove1 t1 z !re c nev] h be5 any true miracles because !re h be5 s _m false ones1 s1 = simil> reasons1 x is m]e 'vanity & vexation ( _s' to se>* aft] tru? 9 religion1 or sci5ce1 or politics2 & ?\gh a sceptic1 l myself1 might n mu* m9d x1 p]haps x w\ld trammel su* a positive philosoph] z y4 ,nay1 a p]t9aci\s oppon5t might ev5 say1 t1 z y believe t 9 all ^! la/ cases !re is a sub/ance1 else !re w\ld n h be5 ! %ad[s1 s1 ) ref]5ce to miracles1 ! v g5]al belief ( !m r argues t !re h be5 miracles1 ?an t !re h be5 none4 ,my advice is1 t we adh]e to ^! reasons we h assign$1 = !y are our real reasons4 ,be x s2 ,i hate miracles s mu*1 t ,i c>e n by :at means ! dolti% delusion is dissipat$4 ,only t ! weapons %\ld be fair8 ,o1 ( c\rse4 ,to resume1 !n4 ,i say1 t1 if we 7 told t la/ ye> an ev5t ( su* a miracul\s nature occurr$ z t ! e>? did n revolve = tw5ty-f\r h\rs toge!r1 we %\ld at once reject x1 )\t any exam9ation ( witnesses1 or tr\bl+ ourselves ) any ?+ ( ! k9d4 ,unque/ionably4 ,& if x 7 said to h occurr$ tw5ty ye>s ago we %\ld take ! same c\rse4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,& s if any su* ev5t 7 said to h occurr$ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago8 ,agre$4 ,& if su* ev5ts 7 said at t day to h occurr$ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s previ\sly1 we believe1 ( c\rse1 ! m5 ( t "t w\ld h be5 equally entitl$ to reason 9 ! same way ab\t !m z ourselves2 &1 9 %ort1 t we may fe>lessly apply ! same pr9ciple to ! same epo*4 ,( c\rse ,& s = two ?\s& ye>s be=e t2 &1 9 fact1 we mu/ believe t e ?+ has always be5 go+ on 9 ! same mann]1 --! sun always ris+ & sett+1 m5 dy+ & nev] ris+ & s =?4 ,exactly s1 ev5 f ! beg9n+ ( ! creation1 said ,fell[es4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! creation6 ,my good fell[1 ,i d n und]/& y4 ,z we h be5 go+ back1 we h se5 t !re is no p]iod at :i* ! same pr9ciple ( judgm5t w n apply1 &1 foll[+ x fe>lessly1 ,i say t we are 9 all fairness b\nd to believe t !re nev] has be5 a p]iod :5 ! pres5t ord] has be5 diff]5t f :at x is2 9 o!r words1 t ! progression has be5 an et]nal "o4 ,i _c admit t argum5t1 said ,fell[es4 ,!n be pleas$ to provide me ) a good answ] to x1 :i* w /ill leave u at lib]ty to say1 t a miracle 7t is1 a v>iation f ! ord] ( nature z det]m9$ by our uni=m exp]i5ce1 & by t ( ! :ole circle ( our contempor>ies7 is impossible1 & t we may reject at once any pret5sion ( ! k9d4 ,b ,i d n admit t ! creation ( any ?+ or ( all ?+s is ( ! nature ( a miracle4 ,h>r+ton smil$4 ,i am afraid1 said he1 t to common s5se1 to fair reason+1 to any philosoph] wor?y ( ! "n !re w\ld be no diff]5ce except 9 magnitude1 betwe5 su* an ev5t z ! sudd5 appe>ance ( an animal 7say man7 = ! fir/ "t 9 our _w1 or ! fir/ appe>ance ( a tree 7su* a ?+ nev] hav+ be5 be=e71 & ! re/oration to life ( a dead man4 ,ea* is1 to all int5ts & purposes1 a violation ( ! previ\s e/abli%$ s]ies ( antec$5ts & consequ5ts1 & comes /rictly )9 ! limits ( our def9ition ( a miracle2 & a miracle1 y "k is impossible4 ,! only diff]5ce w be1 t ! miracle 9 ! "o case w be great] & m a/oni%+ ?an t 9 ! o!r4 ,b x is impossible1 9 ! face ( geologi/s1 to cont5d t !re h n be5 _m su* revolutions 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w z ^!4 ,man himself is ( comp>atively rec5t introduction into our sy/em4 ,i _c help :at ! geologi/s affirm4 ,if we are to abide by our pr9ciple1 we h no w>rant to believe t !re h be5 any su* violations1 or infractions1 or revolutions ( nature's laws 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,if !y cont5d = ! int]polation ( ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! univ]se1 :i*1 by our crit]ion1 are ( ! nature ( miracles1 & we are conv9c$ t miracles are impossible1 we mu/ reject ! conclusions ( geologi/s4 ,b may we n say1 t ! great epo*s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! univ]se are !mselves b ! manife/ation ( law8 ,9 no o!r s5se1 ,i ?9k1 ?an ! advocate ( miracles is entitl$ to say t ! int]calation ( miracles 9 ! _w's hi/ory is also accord+ to law1--p>ts1 ?\gh m9ute p>ts1 ( a univ]sal plan1 & p]mitt$ = reasons wor?y ( ! ,creator4 ,to bo?1 or nei!r1 is ! same answ] op54 ,y\r objection is1 ,i ?9k1 a m]e sophi/ical evasion ( ! difficulty4 ,!re is no diff]5ce :atev] 9 ! nature ( ! ev5ts1 except t ! v>iation f ! 'e/abli%$ s]ies ( sequ5ces' is inf9itely great] 9 ^? port5t\s revolutions ( ! univ]se to :i* ! geologi/ po9ts y\r att5tion4 ,! application ( our pr9ciple 7z y affirm ) me7 w ju/ify u 9 at once pron\nc+ any v>iation f ! 'e/abli%$ s]ies' :e!r occurr+ ye/]day1 a ye> ago1 a ?\s& ye>s ago1 or a million ( ye>s ago1 incr$ible2 x w1 9 ! same mann]1 ju/ify ! m5 ( any age 9 say+ ! same ( all previ\s ages2 & ,i1 !re=e1 :ile cont5d+ = y\r pr9ciple ) y1 c>ry x consi/5tly out1 & affirm t ! s]ies ( antec$5ts & consequ5ts 7z we n[ f9d x7 mu/ be reg>d$ z et]nal1 because creation w\ld d :at a miracle is suppos$ to d1 & a miracle1 y "k1 is impossible4 ,y are sil5t4 ,i am n able to retract acquiesc5ce 9 ! pr9ciple1 & ,i am z little incl9$ to conc$e ! conclusions y w\ld draw f x4 ,z y please2 only1 9 ! latt] case1 provide me ) an answ]4 ,if y saw n[ introduc$ on ! e>? = ! fir/ "t a be+ z unlike ?an z man is unlike ! o!r animals1--say ) sev5 s5ses1 w+s on 8 %\ld]s1 a pair ( eyes beh9d 8 head z well z 9 front ( x1 & ! tail ( a peacock1 by way ( f9i%+ him (f h&somely1--w\ld y n call su* a ph5om5on a miracle8 ,i ?9k ,i %\ld1 said ,fell[es1 laugh+4 ,& if ! creature di$1 leav+ no issue1 w\ld y cont9ue to call x s8 ,yes4 ,b if y f\nd t he 0 ! head ( a race1 z man 01 & a :ole nation ( su* mon/]s spr++ f him1 !n w\ld y say t ?is wond]ful intrusion into ! sph]e ( our exp]i5ce 0 no miracle1 b t x 0 m]ely accord+ to law8 ,i %\ld4 ,v]ily1 my de> fri5d1 ,i am afraid ! _w w laugh at u = mak+ su* fanta/ical di/9ctions4 ,?is infraction ( 'e/abli%$ sequ5ces' ceases to be miracul\s1 if ! wond] is p]petuat$ & suffici5tly multipli$6 ,meantime1 :at becomes ( ! prodigy dur+ ! "t 9 :i* x is unc]ta9 :e!r any ?+ w come ( x or n8 ,y w say1 ,i suppose1 7! int]polation 9 ! 's]ies' ( ph5om5a be+ j :at ,i h suppos$17 t x is unc]ta9 :e!r x is to be reg>d$ z miracul\s or n1 till we "k :e!r x is to be repeal$ or n4 ,i ?9k ,i mu/1 if ,i adh]e to ! pr9ciple ,i am n[ def5d+4 ,v well2 only 9 ! mean "t y are 9 ! ludicr\s position ( fac+ a ph5om5on ( :i* y d n "k :e!r y w call x a miracle or n1--! cont+5cy1 meantime1 on :i* x is to be decid$1 n at all1 z ,i cont5d1 affect+ ! matt]2 s9ce y all[ t x is ! infraction ( ! previ\sly e/abli%$ ord] ( sequ5ces1 z kn[n to uni=m exp]i5ce1 :i* con/itutes a miracle6 ,if s1 ,i mu/ ma9ta9 t ! creation ( man 01 = ! same reasons1 ( ! ess5ce ( a miracle4 ,y seem to ?9k !re is no objection to ! admission ( miracles1 provid$ !y are a/\nd+ & num]\s en\gh2 or provid$ !y are a long "t ab\t1 in/ead ( be+ in/antane\sly wr\ght4 ,i mu/ rem9d y1 t to ! pr9ciple ( our argum5t ^! ?+s are q immat]ial4 ,:e!r ! revolution by :i* ! e/abli%$ ord] ( sequ5ces is absolutely infr+$1--! face ( ! univ]se or ( our globe trans=m$1 or an entirely new race 7z1 = example1 man7 orig9at$1--,i say1 :e!r su* *ange be produc$ sl[ly or quickly is ( no consequ5ce 9 ! _w to our argum5t4 ,x is :e!r or n a s]ies ( ph5om5a be produc$ z absolutely transc5d+ ! sph]e ( all exp]i5ce1 z ^? ev5ts we admit to be impossible1 call$ 'miracles4' ,t ! introduction ( man ^u ! e>? = ! fir/ "t 7= y w n all[ 8 race et]nal71 or ! orig9ation ( a sun1 is n at all to be reckon$ z transc5d+ t exp]i5ce1 ,i _c und]/&4 ,nor c ,i und]/& x a bit bett] by y\r say+ t x1 is 9 con=mity ) ! vague some?+ y are pleas$ to call a law4 ,x is a safe phrase1 h[ev]2 = z nei!r y nor any "o else c int]pret x1 no "o c refute y4 ,?is law is a mo/ conv5i5t ?+6 ,x repeals1 x appe>s to me1 all o!r laws1--ev5 ^? ( logic4 ,p]haps w\ld be bett] to say t miracles are no miracles :5 !y are 'lawful' miracles4 ,no6 let u keep our pr9ciple intact f all su* dang]\s admissions z ^!4 ,9 t way only are we safe4 ,safe d y call x8 ,i see n h[1 if we c>ry out ?is pr9ciple 9 ! way & to ! ext5t y propose1 we c reply to ! a!i/ or to ! pan!i/1 :o tells u t ! univ]se is b an et]nal evolution ( ph5om5a 9 "o inf9ite s]ies1 or 9 an et]nal recurr5ce ( f9ite cycles4 ,& :at is t to y or me8 ,h[ c we help our pr9ciple 7if we are to hold x at all7 lead+ to "s su* conclusion8 ,we are1 ,i presume1 anxi\s to "k ! tru?4 ,y see t ,/rauss1 :o is ! mo/ /r5u\s ass]tor ( ! impossibility ( miracles1 is also a pan!i/4 ,i "k n :e!r y may n become "o y\rself4 ,nev]1 said ,fell[es1 vehem5tly2 nev]1 ,i tru/1 %all ,i yield to t 'desolat+ pan!ism' 7z wor?y ,mr4 ,newman calls x7 :i* is n[ s rife4 ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,newman's pr9ciples ought to guide y ?i!r4 ,y seem to hold fa/ by 8 skirts at pres5t2 b ,i v mu* d\bt :e!r y h yet rea*$ ! t]m9ation ( y\r c>e]4 ,y h1 y mu/ admit1 made advances q z extraord9>y be=e4 ,we %all see4--,b ,i suppose y h rea*$ ! end ( ! objections :i* y\r wayw>d scepticism sugge/s aga9/ a conclusion :i* we bo? admit2 or h y any m8 ,o1 pl5ty2 & among/ ! re/1 ,i am afraid we mu/ admit--:e!r we admit or n y\r exp$i5t ( law--a miracle1 or some?+ indi/+ui%able f x1 z involv$ 9 ! creation & pres]vation ( ! fir/ man1--s9ce y w h a fir/ man4 ,:at d y mean8 ,i mean1 t suppos+ ! creation ( man to be no miracle1 because he ent]$ by law2 or t t fir/ fact 7:i* w\ld o!rwise be miracul\s7 is n su*1 simply because x is ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( su* facts1--,i %\ld l to see :e!r we h n ev5 !n to deal ) a miracle1 or a fact z absolutely unique2 & :i* 0 n connect$ ) any s]ies ( simil> facts4 ,i ?9k y w\ld f9d x v h>d to prove x4 ,n\s v]rons4 ,i am sure we %all n disagree z to ! fact t man1 h[ev] he came into ! _w1 soon] or lat]1 by ord9>y or extraord9>y me?ods1 by "s lawful w$lock ( nature1 or by "s miracle :i* is n 'lawful1' is end[$ by nature ) v>i\s faculties & susceptibilities4 ,c]ta9ly1 said ,fell[es1 laugh+2 if y dem& my ass5t to no?+ m ?an t1 ,i %all easily admit y\r premises & d5y y\r conclusion4 ,y w also admit1 ,i ?9k1 t ! process by :i* man comes to ! use ( ^! faculties1 & p[]s1 & s =?1 is v gradual8 ,assur$ly4 ,& w y n also admit t ! developm5t & comm& ( ^! is some?+ v diff]5t f !1 pot5tialities !mselves1 z my uncle "h w\ld call !m8--t1 = example1 we h ! faculty ( vision2 b t ! art ( see+ involves a sl[ labori\s process1 acquir$ n )\t ! concurr5t ex]cise ( o!r s5ses3 & t ! app>atus = walk+ is p]fect ev5 9 an infant2 b t ! art ( walk+ is1 9 fact1 a wond]ful acquisition3 fur!r1 t ! comm& giv5 u by ^! faculties1 z actually ex]cis$1 is imm5sely great] ?an w\ld be conf]r$ by ea* alone4 ,9 "o ^w1 y w all[ t man1 :5 he comes to ! use ( 8 faculties1 is1 z has be5 well said1 a bundle ( habits1 or1 z ,burke puts x1 is a creature :o1 to a great ext5t1 has ! mak+ ( himself4 ,i am mu* at my ease1 said ,fell[es2 ,i %all n dispute any ( ^! premises ei!r4 ,& w y n also admit t1 z man comes into ! _w n[1 a long "t is requir$ = ?is developm5t2 & t dur+ t "t he is absolutely dep5d5t on ! c>e ( ^? :o h already 9 _! turn requir$ simil> c>e8 ,see+ t we h _h fa!rs & mo!rs1--z ,i suppose our gr&fa!rs & gr&mo!rs also _h1--!re c be z little d\bt ( ?is z ( ! prec$+ po9ts1 said ,fell[es1 r condesc5d+ly4 ,& t _m ( ! functions :i* ?us task _! c>e are necess>y = our exi/5ce1 & = any *ance ( our be+ able to develop into m54 ,i ?9k s1 ( c\rse4 ,s t1 if an infant 7 expos$ on a m\nta9-side or =e/1 y w\ld h no d\bt he w\ld p]i% 7unless x pleas$ "s k9d-he>t$ wolf to suckle him7 be=e he c\ld come to ! use ( 8 faculties1 & develop !m by ex]cise4 ,i ?9k1 said ! o!r1 y\r premises p]fectly innoc5t2 ,i %all n conte/ !m4 ,a little fur!r4 said ,h>r+ton1 we may g toge!r2 & !n1 if ,i mi/ake n1 y w pause be=e y g "o /ep fur!r4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! normal condition ( humanity8 ,yes4 ,d y ?9k ! fir/ man 0 l u 9 ^! respects8 ,i _c tell4 ,i d>e engage y _c1--x is a v natural answ]4 ,b he ei!r 01 ,i suppose1 or 0 n4 ,t1 ,i ?9k1 y w grant me4 ,he ass5t$1 ?\gh r reluctantly4 ,pray please y\rself1 said ,h>r+ton2 = x is q immat]ial to me :i* alt]native y take4 ,if man 0 9 our condition1 !n1 ?\gh ! 'lawful miracle' by :i* he 0 br\ght into ! _w might h made him a baby ( six feet high1 he w\ld h be5 no m ?an a baby /ill4 ,all t 0 to con/itute him a man1--all ^? habits by :i* alone 8 exi/5ce 0 capable ( be+ pres]v$1--& )\t :i* he mu/ h p]i%$ imm$iately aft] 8 creation1 9 :i* case y & ,i %\ld h be5 sp>$ ! necessity ( all ?is discussion on ! subject1 w\ld h to be le>n$2 & 8 exi/5ce dur+ t "t--& a long "t x mu/ h be51 hav+ no tea*]s & aids1 z we h--mu/ h be5 pres]v$ by a--miracle4 ,if he 7 taught by ! ,creator himself1 !n we h ! miracle 9 t direction4 ,if he 7 n br\ght into ! _w "u ! same conditions ( developm5t z we are1 b ) habits ready made1--if1 inde$1 t be n a contradiction1 --!n we h a miracle 9 t direction2 if he _h 8 faculties pret]naturally quick5$ & exp&$1 s z to acquire in/antane\sly1 or possess by in/9ct1 :at we acquire by a long & sl[ process1 & n = _m ye>s1--!n we h a miracle 9 t direction4 ,if y d n l ^! suppositions1 ,i see b "o o!r2 & t is t2 be+ a baby1--?\gh1 z ,i said1 a baby six feet high1--he _h an angel nurse s5t d[n expressly to att5d him1 & to pu% or :eel him ab\t ! walls ( p>adise 9 a cele/ial g-c>t4 ,b !n ,i ?9k t 9 ?is la/ p>ticul> we %all h>dly say t we h got rid ( a miracle1 ?\gh x w\ld d\btless be a miracle ( a v ludicr\s k9d4 ,if y c imag9e any o!r supposition1 ,i %all be glad to he> x4 ,i ackn[l$ge ,i c =m no supposition on ! subject4 ,only rememb] t1 if y c\ld1 ! !ory w\ld /ill suppose man's actual pres]vation & developm5t effect$ "u totally diff]5t conditions f ^? :i* h =m$ ! uni=m exp]i5ce ( all 8 po/]ity2 & s f> f any subt]fuge ( a law /epp+ 91 x is a s+le exp$i5t provid$ = our fir/ p>5t alone4 ,i d n ?9k we are at all 9 a condition to consid] any su* case1 ab\t :i* we _c "k any ?+1 repli$ ,fell[es4 ,nei!r d ,i2 b p>don me1--! "q ,i ask$ does n dep5d ^u any su* k2 x is a "q :i* is :olly indep5d5t :e!r ( our ignorance or our k4 ,grant+1 z y d1 t man 0 creat$1 b t x 0 no miracle1 nor any ?+ analog\s to "o 7z y say71 /ill ei!r he 0 creat$ subject to our conditions ( developm5t & pres]vation1 or he 0 n2 if he 0 n1 !n ,i fe> we h 9 =m ! miracle we wi% to evade2 if he 01 !n ,i fe> also t !re are b ! ?ree imag9able modes ( obviat+ ! difficulty :i* ,i h s lib]ally provid$2 & suppos+ !re 7 a ?\s&4 ,i fe> /ill t !y all involve a dep>ture f ! 'uni=m c\rse ( ,nature4' ,b ,i d n see1 repli$ ,fell[es1 t x is absolutely necess>y1 suppos+ t ! fir/ man 0 ?r[n ^u ! gre5 ( p>adise4 ,or 9 a =e/1 or on a moor1 said ,h>r+ton1 = y "k no?+ ( p>adise4 ,well1 !n1 9 a =e/1 or on a moor2--,i say if man 7 ca/ out !re1 ! same helpless be+ :i* all 8 po/]ity are1--un=tifi$1 z ! l[] animals are1 by fea!rs or hair1 or by in/9cts equal to !irs1--:o c affirm t x 0 beyond ! possibilities ( 8 nature1 t he might survive ?is cruel exp]im5t8 crawl1 p]haps1 = an indef9ite p]iod on all f\rs1 live on b]ries1 & at la/--by v sl[ degrees d\btless1 b /ill at la/--em]ge into--- ,! dignity ( a savage1 cri$ ,h>r+ton1 z ! fir/ /ep t[>ds some?+ bett]1--8 ,creator hav+ b5efic5tly creat$ him some?+ inf9itely worse6 ,surely1 y mu/ be return+ to a savage y\rself1 ev5 to h9t at su* a p$igree4 ,b ,i h done3 till ^? cases ( :i* c]ta9 philosoph]s h said s mu* h be5 au!nticat$2 till y c produce an in/ance ( a new-born babe1 expos$ on a m\nta9-side1 9 all ! helplessness ( 8 natal h\r1 & self-pres]v$1--nay1 two ( !m1--= y mu/ at lea/ h a pair ( ^! 'babes 9 ! wood'2 & till1 moreov]1 x c be %[n t !y w\ld h surviv$ ?is exp]im5t s z to pres]ve ! *>act]i/ics ( humanity a little bett] ?an ! 'wild boy ( ,g]many1' & 7 fit to be ! heads ( ! human family1--,i %all at times be /rangely tempt$ to embrace any !ory z inf9itely m probable4 ,i _c ?9k x 0 9 ?is way t our fir/ p>5ts made _! entree into ! _w4 ,i hope n1 = ! cr$it ( ! ,creator1 z well z = ! happ9ess ( 8 (fspr+4 ,( ! moral be>+s ( su* a brutal !ory1 ,i say no?+2 b if x c be true1 all ,i c say is1 t ,i am glad t y & ,i1 my de> ,fell[es1 are n ! imm$iate *ildr5 b s =tunate z to be only ! great-great --great-great-gr&*ildr5 ( ,god6 ,y h well call$ x a 'cruel exp]im5t'2 accord+ to ?is1 ! fir/ ,fa!r ( all ?ru/ =? 8 *ildr5 into ! _w to be = an indef9ite "t worse ?an ! bea/s1 :o 7 c>efully provid$ aga9/ mis]able man's inconv5i5ces6 ,c]ta9ly1 ,i ?9k y may alt] ! acc\nt ( man's creation giv5 9 ,g5esis1 to great advantage4 ,in/ead ( ,god's say+1 ',let u create man 9 our image1 he mu/ be suppos$ to h said1 ',let u create man 9 ! image ( a ,,bea/3 & 9 ! image ( a ,,bea/ creat$ he him1 male & female creat$ he !m'2 & v imp]fect bea/s !y mu/ h be51 aft] all4 ,?is is t old savage !ory :i* ,i _h suppos$ 0 pretty well ab&on$4 ,if ! necessity ( d5y+ miracles imposes any necessity ( believ+ t1 ,i fe> t ,i %all soon] be got to believe a ?\s&4 ,well1 said ,fell[es1 :o seem$ a%am$ ( ?is !ory1 b knew n h[ to ab&on x2 ,i _c believe !re h be5 any miracles1 &1 :at is m1 ,i w n4 ,t is p]haps ! be/ reason y h giv5 yet1 said ,h>r+ton4 ,! ,w is inde$ y\r only irresi/ible logician4 ,y are "o degree1 at all ev5ts1 bett] (f ?an ,i1 = ,i c h>dly say ei!r t ,i believe1 or t ,i d n believe1 9 miracles4 ,& yet1 cont9u$ ,h>r+ton1 aft] a pause1 two or ?ree o!r /range consequ5ces seem to foll[ f t seem+ly und5iable pr9ciple on :i* we base ! conclusion t !re nei!r has be5 nor c be any su* ?+ z a miracle3 9 o!r words1 a dep>ture f ! e/abli%$ s]ies ( sequ5ces :i*1 z te/$ by our own exp]i5ce & by t ( o!r m51 we are conv9c$ is /able4 ,w y see ) me :e!r !re is any fair mode ( escap+ f !m8 ,i %\ld be v glad if ,i c\ld d s4 ,:at are !y8 ,:y1 fir/1 ,i am afraid x mu/ be said1 t we mu/ entirely ju/ify a man 9 ! condition ( ! ,ea/]n pr9ce m5tion$ by ,hume1 :o c\ld n be induc$ to believe t !re 0 su* a ?+ z ice4 ,i am afraid t he 0 q 9 ! "r2 & yet we "k t 9 fact he 0 wrong4 ,y are n1 !n1 satisfi$ ) ,hume's own solution8 ,s f> f x1 t ,i _c see1 ^u ! pr9ciples on :i* we refuse to believe miracles1 t x is ev5 intelligible4 ,we agree1 d we n1 t1 f ! exp]i5ce we h 7&1 s f> z we c asc]ta91 f e body else's7 ( ! uni=m c\rse ( ev5ts1 ( ! e/abli%$ ord] ( sequ5ces1 we are to reject any ass]tion ( a violation ( ^? sequ5ces2 z1 = example1 ( a man's com+ into ! _w 9 any pret]natural mann]1 or1 :5 he has once gone out ( x1 com+ into x aga92 & t we are entitl$ to d ?is )\t any exam9ation ( ! witnesses to any su* fact1 m]ely on ! /r5g? ( ! pr9ciples a=esaid8 ,i admit t we h agre$ to ?is4 ,n[ 0 n ! ass]tion t 9 a c]ta9 qu>t] ( ! _w wat] became solid z /one1 c\ld be cut into pieces1 & be put into "o's pockets1 contr>y1 9 a simil> mann]1 to all ! ph5om5a :i* ! said pr9ce _h witness$1 & also to ! uni=m exp]i5ce ( all ab\t him f 8 e>lie/ ye>s8 ,x c]ta9ly 04 ,he 0 "r1 !n1 9 reject+ ! fact2 t is1 he 0 "r 9 reject+ ! possibility ( su* an occurr5ce1 said ,h>r+ton4 ,b did we n ourselves say1 ) ,hume1 t1 z we see t !re is n an absolute uni=mity 9 ! ph5om5a ( nature1 b t !y are v>i$ )9 c]ta9 limits 9 diff]5t climates & c\ntries1 s x does n become u to say t a ph5om5on1 ?\gh some:at v>iable1 is a violation ( ! usual ord] ( sequ5ces8 ,we did2 b we also agre$1 ,i ?9k1 t ^? v>iations 7 to be )9 inv>iable limits1 z te/$ by ! :ole ( our exp]i5ce2 we did n include )9 ^? v>iations :at is diametrically contr>y 7z 9 ! pres5t case7 to all our own exp]i5ce & t ( e body ab\t u4 ,if x is to ext5d to su* v>iations1 :at d we say b ?is1--t ! ord] ( nature is uni=m & inv>iable1 except :]e--x is ! rev]se8 &1 z x seems x sometimes is s1 see :at comes ( ! admission4 ,a man ass]ts ! reality ( a miracle :i* y reject at once z simply impossible1 z contr>y to y\r exp]i5ce & t ( e "o ^: exp]i5ce y c te/4 ,x w be easy = him to say1 & ^u ,hume's evasion he w say1 t x 0 p]=m$1 = aught y "k1 "u conditions s totally diff]5t f ^? :i* ord9>ily obta9 9 relation to ! same ord] ( ev5ts1 t y are no adequate judge z to :e!r x 0 possible or n4 ,he ackn[l$ges t a miracle is a v r>e occurr5ce2 t x is p]=m$ = special ends2 is /rictly limit$ to "t & place1 l ^? ph5om5a ! ,indian pr9ce 0 ask$ to believe2 & t y\r exp]i5ce _c embrace x1 nor is w>rant$ 9 pron\nc+ ^u x4 ,i really fe> t1 if our incr$ul\s pr9ce is to be condemn$1 our pr9ciple w be ru9$4 ,i am anxi\s = 8 safe deliv]ance1 ,i assure y4 ,/ill ,i _c see t we c d5y t ph5om5a may be manife/$1 9 virtue ( ! laws ( nature1 totally diff]5t f ^? :i* we h ev] se5 or he>d (4 ,:at6 s diff]5t t ! ph5om5a 9 "q %all be a total dep>ture f t ord] ( nature ( :i* alone we & all ab\t u are cognizant2 9 fact1 all b ! "o man1 :o tells u ! /range ?+1 we be+ at ! same "t totally incapable ( te/+ 8 exp]i5ce8 ,yes1 said ,fell[es2 ,i mu/ grant x4 ,i see1 said ,h>r+ton1 y are b5t on ! de/ruction ( our crit]ion4 ,d y n p]ceive t1 if our exp]i5ce & t ( ! imm5se majority1 or ( all ab\t u1 be n a suffici5t crit]ion ( ! laws ( nature1 our argum5t falls to ! gr\nd8 ',y\r pr9ciple1' our adv]s>ies w say1 'is a fallaci\s "o2 ,nature has h] laws1 no d\bt1 :i* apply to miracles z to e o!r ph5om5on2 b 9 assum+ y\r exp]i5ce to be a suffici5t crit]ion ( ^! laws1 y h be51 n int]pret+ h] laws1 b impos+ ^u h] y\r own4' ,if unkn[n p[]s ( nature may ?us rev]se our exp]i5ce & ! exp]i5ce ( all ^? ^: exp]i5ce1 "u ! giv5 conditions1 we h opportunities ( te/+1 we ought to ab/a9 f say+ t "s unkn[n p[]s may n also h wr\ght miracles4 ,let u !n affirm consi/5tly ! suffici5cy ( our crit]ion2 & ! pr9ce a=esaid mu/ d ! same2 & x w>rant$ him1 ,i say1 9 believ+ t !re nei!r 0 nor c\ld be su* a ?+ z ice4 ,b ?is seems ridicul\s1 said ,fell[es2 = accord+ to ?is1 diff]5t & opposite exp]i5ces may1 9 diff]5t places give diff]5t or opposite measures ( ! laws ( nature2 :i* nev]!less are suppos$ to be inv>iably ! same1 or inv>iably ! limits c]tifi$ by t exp]i5ce4 ,i _c help x2 ^u t same exp]i5ce we mu/ believe x true t !re are no miracles1 & our unbeliev+ pr9ce1 t !re c\ld be no su* ?+ z ice2 = to him x 0 a miracle4 ,if we d n reason ?us1 may we n be compell$ to admit t our uni=m exp]i5ce1 ) its limit$ v>iations1 is no rule at all1 & t !re are cases = :i* x makes no provision8 & may n ! advocate = miracles say t miracles are among/ !m8 ,no1 let u adh]e to our pr9ciple1 & adh]+ to x1 ,i wi% to "k :e!r ! pr9ce 9 "q 0 n q "r 9 say+ t !re nei!r 0 nor c\ld be su* a ?+ z ice2 = ! ass]tion t !re 01 0 contr>y to all 8 exp]i5ce & to t ( e s\l ab\t him4 ,i mu/ say1 t1 if we look only to ! pr9ciple ( ?is uni=m exp]i5ce1 he 0 "r4 ,b he reject$ ! tru?4 ,he c]ta9ly did4 ,& he 0 "r 9 reject+ ! tru?8 ,c]ta9ly1 ^u y\r pr9ciple4 ,^u my pr9ciple6 ,d n say ^u my pr9ciple1 unless y mean to d5y t y too embrace x2 if y give up t pr9ciple1 y lay y\rself op5 at once to ! retort t y\r position is insecure2 t y h tak5 y\r exp]i5ce z a suffici5t crit]ion ( ! possibilities ( ev5ts1 :5 x is 9 fact m]ely a measure ( su* z h fall5 "u y\r own obs]vation4 ,p]haps1 said ,fell[es1 ,i %\ld say t ! pr9ce 9 "q 0 ju/ifi$ at fir/ 9 reject+ ! fact1 b t :5 he f\nd o!r m51 ^: v]acity he c\ld n suspect1 com+ f ! same regions ( ! _w1 & affirm+ ! same ph5om5on1 x 0 8 bus9ess to correct 8 exp]i5ce1 & to admit t ! fact 0 s4 ,i am surpris$ to he> y say s2 y are aga9 ru9+ our pr9ciple4 ,d y admit t ! ass]tion t !re 0 a place on e>? at :i* wat] 9 l>ge quantities became solid1 0 app>5tly z great a violation ( all ! exp]i5ce ( ?is man1 z :at is ord9>ily call$ a miracle is ( ours8 ,i _c d5y t x 0 s4 ,b yet y ?9k1 t1 ?\gh ju/ifi$ 9 disbeliev+ x at fir/1 he w\ld n be s :5 o!rs1 ^: v]acity & motives he _h no reason to suspect1 told him ! same tale8 ,yes4 ,:y1 !n1 is n ?is pla9ly to make a belief ( su* ev5ts dep5d ^u te/imony1 & d we n give up altoge!r our suffici5t pr9ciple ( rejection ( all su* te/imony8 ,y are yield+1 )\t d\bt1 ! pr9ciple ( our oppon5ts1 :o affirm t !re is no ev5t s improbable t a c]ta9 comb9ation ( te/imony w\ld n be suffici5t to w>rant y\r reception ( x2 because1 z !y say1 t te/imony might be giv5 "u su* circum/ances1--s v>i\sly c]tifi$1 & s above suspicion1--t x w\ld be m improbable t ! /atem5t to :i* x appli$ 7h[ev] /range7 %\ld be false1 ?an t ! te/imony %\ld n be true2 9 o!r words1 t ! falsehood ( ! te/imony w\ld be ! great] miracle ( ! two4 ,& !y say ?is1 because 7z !y ass]t7 ! uni=m exp]i5ce on :i* we f\nd our objection to any miracul\s n>rative is no less applicable to ! _w ( m9d ?an to ! _w ( matt]2 t !re is n inde$ an absolute uni=mity ( exp]i5ce 9 ! =m]1 z nei!r is !re 9 ! latt]2 b nei!r 9 "o nor 9 ! o!r is !re any absolute b\lev]sem5t ( ! pr9ciples & con/itution ( nature2 :i*1 !y say1 w\ld be impli$1 if "u all conceivable circum/ances te/imony might prove false4 ,& yet n[ y seem to admit ! v ?+ = :i* !y cont5d2 & 9 cont5d+ = x1 y give up y\r case4 ,do+ s1 y c]ta9ly get rid ( ! p>adoxical conclusions :i* my wret*$ scepticism sometimes sugge/s to me1 z ?r[+ a d\bt on ! integrity ( our pr9ciple4 ,i say y\r admission gets rid ( x2 b !n x is ) ! ru9 ( ! pr9ciple itself4 ,:at 0 t p>adox8 ,x is ?is2 t1 if we adh]e to our pr9ciple1 we mu/ d5y t any am\nt ( te/imony is suffici5t to w>rant ! belief ( a miracle4 ,t is :at we d ma9ta94 ,i ?\ght s2 b y seem to me to h ha/ily giv5 x up4 ,let u !n aga9 ma9ta9 t our pr9ce1 9 d5y+ :at 0 a miracle to him1 0 n only consi/5t 9 say+ t x c\ld n be1 :5 fir/ ass]t$ to him1 b also :5 la/ ass]t$2 & di$ an or?odox infidel 9 ! possibility ( ice1 or an or?odox believ] 9 ! et]nal fluidity ( wat]1 :i*ev] y pref] to consid] x4 ,well1 & :at !n8 ,:y1 !n1 let u act ^u our pr9ciple ) equal consi/5cy 9 o!r cases2 = y say t !re is no am\nt or complexity ( evid5ce :i* w\ld induce y to believe 9 a miracle4 ,i d4 ,let u suppose x 0 ass]t$ t a man kn[n to h be5 dead & buri$ _h ris5 aga91 &1 aft] hav+ be5 se5 by _m1 _h at la/1 9 pres5ce ( a multitude1 on a cle> day1 asc5d$ to heav5 ?r\gh ! calm sky1 )\t artificial w+s or balloon1 or any su* ?+2 t he 0 se5 to pass out ( sight ( ! gaz+ cr[d1 :o wat*$ & wat*$ 9 va9 = 8 return2 & t he _h nev] m be5 se54 ,let u suppose t ! witnesses :o saw ?is con/antly affirm$ x2 t among/ !m 7 _m kn[n to y1 ^: v]acity y _h no reason to suspect1 & :o _h no imag9able motive to deceive y2 let u suppose fur!r1 t !y p]si/$ 9 affirm+ ?is1 9 spite ( all contumely & contempt1 insult & wrong1 amid/ ?reats ( p]secution1 & p]secution itself2 la/ly1 let !re be among/ !m _m1 :o be=e ?is ev5t _h be5 z /r5u\s ass]tors ( ! impossibility ( a miracle z y\rself4 ,i want to "k :e!r y w\ld believe ?is /ory1 ?us au!nticat$1 or n8 ,b x is1 ,i ?9k1 unfair to put any su* case2 = !re nev] 0 su* an ev5t s au!nticat$4 ,x is q suffici5t to te/ our pr9ciple1 t y c imag9e su* te/imony4 ,if t pr9ciple is s\nd1 x is pla9 t x w apply to all imag9able degrees ( te/imony1 z well z to all actual4 ,no te/imony1 y say1 c e/abli% a miracle4 ,?is is true or n4 ,if y admit t !re are any degrees 9 ?is matt]1 y come at la/ to ! old argum5t1 :i* y abjure2 namely1 t :e!r a miracul\s ev5t has tak5 place or n dep5ds on ! degree ( evid5ce ) :i* x is sub/antiat$1 & t mu/ be ! result ( a c]ta9 inve/igation ( x 9 ! p>ticul> alleg$ case4 ,y rememb] ! /ory ( ! r+ ( ,gyges1 :i* made ! we>] invisible4 ,plato tells u h[ a man ought to act1 & h[ a good man w\ld act1 if he _h su* a r+4 ,cic]o tells u h[ absurd x w\ld be to reply to 8 reason+ 7z "o did71 by say+ t !re nev] 0 su* a r+4 ,x 0 n necess>y to ! =ce ( ! illu/ration t !re %\ld be su* a r+4 ,s nei!r is x necess>y to my argum5t !re %\ld be su* te/imony z ,i h suppos$1 to enable u to see :e!r we are prep>$ to admit ! tru? ( y\r pr9ciple t no evid5ce c e/abli% a miracle4 ,once m1 !n1 ,i ask y :e!r1 on supposition ( su* te/imony1 y w\ld reject ! suppos$ fact or n8 ,well1 !n1 ,i %\ld say1 t1 s9ce no te/imony c e/abli% a miracle1 ,i %\ld reject x4 ,bravo1 ,fell[es6 ,i d ( all ?+s l to see an unfl9*+ reg>d to a pr9ciple1 :5 once laid d[n4 ,b w\ld n y also reject x1 ^u ! same pr9ciple8 ,( c\rse ,i %\ld1 if ! pr9ciple be true2 b ah6 my fri5d1 p>don me = ackn[l$g+ my infirmities2 my mis]able scepticism tosses me to & fro4 ,i h n y\r /r5g? ( w2 & ,i fe> t ! rejection 9 su* a case w\ld co/ me _m qualms & d\bts4 ,su* is ! infirmity ( our nature1 & s mu* may be said on all sides6 ,& ,i fe> t ,i %\ld be m likely to h ^! uneasy ?\ghts1 inasmu* z ,i fancy ,i see a difficult dilemma 7,i b n[ ref]r$ to x71 :i* w\ld be propos$ to u by "s ke5-sight$ oppon5t1--,i say n ) ju/ice1--:o w\ld endeavor to %[ t we _h ab&on$ our pr9ciple 9 ! v attempt to ma9ta9 x2 t ! b[ f :i* we 7 ab\t to laun* s fatal an arr[ at ! enemy _h brok5 9 our h&s1 & left u def5celess4 ,:at dilemma d y ref] to8 said ,fell[es4 ,i ?9k su* an adv]s>y might p]haps say3 ',t same uni=m exp]i5ce on :i* y ju/ify ! rejection ( all miracles1--does x ext5d only to "o "p ( nature1 to ! physical & mat]ial only1 or to ! m5tal & spiritual also8' ,9 o!r words1 if !re 7 su* ?+s z miracles at all1 might !re be miracles 9 connection ) m9d z well z 9 connection ) matt]8 ,:at w\ld y say8 ,:at c ,i say1 b :at ,hume himself says1 s truly & s beautifully1 9 8 essay on ',necess>y ,connection1' & ',on ,lib]ty & ,necessity'2 namely1 t !re is a uni=mity 9 bo? ! moral & physical _w1 & t nature does n transgress c]ta9 limits 9 ei!r ! "o or ! o!r'8 ,y mu/ rememb] t he says s8 ,i d1 said ,h>r+ton4 ,n[1 ,i am afraid our a/ute adv]s>y w\ld say t su* a complication ( false te/imony z we h suppos$ w\ld itself be a flagrant violation ( ! e/abli%$ s]ies ( sequ5ces1 on :i*1 z appli$ to ! physical _w1 we ju/ify ! rejection ( all miracles2 t we h got rid ( a miracle by admitt+ a miracle2 & t our uni=m exp]i5ce has brok5 d[n ) u4 ,b aga9 ,i say1 !re nev] 0 su* a case ( te/imony1 urg$ ,fell[es4 ,i wi% ?is c\ld help u2 b x pla9ly w n2 because we h conclud$ t1 if !re 7 su* te/imony1 we mu/ believe x false1 & !re=e %\ld admit t ! miracle ( its falsehood 01 9 t case1 necess>y to be believ$2 n to say t !re has be51 9 ! op9ion ( millions1 te/imony (t5 giv5 to miracles1 :i*1 if false1 does imply t ! laws ( human nature mu/ h be5 turn$ topsy-turvy1--& ,i1 = my "p1 "k n h[ to disprove x4 ,if1 9 su* cases1 ! te/imony1 ! falsity ( :i* w\ld be a miracle1 is n to be reject$1 !n we mu/ admit t ! miracle :i* x supports is true4 ,i mu/ leave x !re4 said ,h>r+ton1 ) an air ( comic resignation2 ,i _c answ] = any ?+ except t y may reject bo? miracles alt]natively1 if t w be any com=t to y1 )\t be+ able to disbelieve simultane\sly4 ,if y believe ! te/imony false1 y mu/ believe ! alleg$ miracle false2 b y w h !n ! moral miracle to believe4 ,if y believe ! te/imony true1 y w !n believe ! physical miracle true4 ,p]haps ! be/ way w be to believe bo? alt]nately 9 rapid succession2 & y w !n h>dly p]ceive ! difficulty at all6 ,!re 0 "h a brief pause4 ,h>r+ton sudd5ly resum$4 ,^! are v p]plex+ consid]ations4 ,"o ?+1 ,i confess1 has (t5 puzzl$ me mu*2 & t is1--:at %\ld we d1 9 :at /ate ( m9d %\ld we be1 if we did see a miracle8 ,( :at use is ! discussion ( su* a p>ticul> case1 :5 y "k x is impossible t we %\ld ev] see x realiz$8 repli$ ,fell[es4 ,( c\rse x is2 j z x is impossible t we %\ld ev] see lev]s p]fectly inflexible1 or cords p]fectly flexible4 ,nev]!less1 x is p]fectly possible to ent]ta9 su* a hypo!tical case1 & to reason ) great conclusiv5ess on ! consequ5ces ( su* a supposition2 & 9 ! same way we c imag9e t we h se5 a miracle2 & :at !n8 ,:y1 if we 7 to see "o1 ( c\rse see+ is believ+4 ,we mu/ give up our pr9ciple1 said ,fell[es1 laugh+4 ,d y ?9k s8 ,i ?9k we %\ld be v fooli% !n4 ,h[ c we be sure t we h se5 x8 ,c x appeal to any ?+ /rong] ?an s5ses1 & h n our s5ses (t5 beguil$ u8 ,mu/ we n r abide by t g5]al induction f ! evid5ce to :i* our ord9>y exp]i5ce po9ts u8 ,9 o!r words1 ought we n to adh]e to ! great pr9ciple we h already laid d[n1 t a miracle is impossible8 ,b1 accord+ to ?is1 if we err 9 t pr9ciple1 & ,god 7 to "w a miracle = ! v purpose ( conv9c+ u1 x w\ld be impossible = him to atta9 8 purpose4 ,i ?9k x w\ld1 my fri5d1 ,i confess2 j = ! reason t1 s9ce we believe a miracle to be impossible1 we mu/ believe x impossible = ev5 ,god to "w "o2 & !re=e1 if we are mi/ak51 & x is possible = him to "w "o1 x is /ill impossible t he %\ld conv9ce u ( x4 ,i really "k n h[ to g t l5g?4 ,:y n8 ,y ackn[l$ge t y\r s5ses h deceiv$ y2 y "k t !y h deceiv$ o!rs2 & x is on t v gr\nd t y dispose ( v _m cases ( suppos$ miracles :i* y are n will+1 or are n able1 to resolve o!rwise4 ,if ,i believe1 !n1 t a miracle is impossible1 ,i mu/ admit t1 if ,i err 9 t1 x is /ill impossible = ,god himself to conv9ce me ( x4 ,fell[es look$ grave1 b said no?+4 ,& d y "k1 said ,h>r+ton1 ,i h sometimes ?\ght t ,hume1 s f> f repres5t+ 8 argum5t f ',transub/antiation' fairly1 7!re is an obvi\s fallacy on ! v face ( x1 to :i* ,i d n n[ allude17 is himself precisely 9 ! condition 9 :i* he repres5ts ! believ] 9 miracles8 ,fell[es smil$ incr$ul\sly4 ,fir/1 h[ev]1 said he1 :at is ! m notori\s fallacy to :i* y allude8 ,x is s b>efac$ an assumption1 t ,i am surpris$ t 8 acut5ess did n see x2 or t1 if he saw x1 he c\ld h desc5d$ to make a po9t by appe>+ n to see x4 ,x has be5 (t5 po9t$ out1 & y w recollect x ! mom5t ,i "n x4 ,y "k he comm5ces ) ! well-kn[n argum5t ( ,tillotson aga9/ ,transub/antiation & flatt]s himself t he sees a simil> argum5t 9 relation to miracles4 ,n[ x c]ta9ly requires b a mod]ate degree ( sagacity to see t ! v po9t 9 :i* ,tillotson's argum5t tells1 is t v "o 9 :i* ,hume's is totally unlike x4 ,tillotson says1 t :5 x is pret5d$ t ! bread & w9e :i* are submitt$ to 8 own s5ses h be5 'transub/antiat$ into fle% & blood1' ! alleg$ ph5om5a contradict 8 s5ses2 & t z ! in=mation ( 8 s5ses z mu* comes f ,god z ! doctr9es ( ,scripture 7& ev5 ! miracles ( ,scripture appeal to no?+ /rong]71 he mu/ believe 8 s5ses 9 ?is case 9 pref]5ce to ! ass]tions ( ! prie/4 ,hume !n goes on quietly to take x = grant$ t ! miracles to :i* cons5t is ask$ 9 l mann] contradict ! te/imony ( ! s5ses ( him to :om !y appeal is made2 :]eas1 9 fact1 ! ass]tor ( ! miracles does n pret5d t he :o d5ies !m has ev] se5 !m1 or _h ! opportunity ( see+ !m4 ,to make ! argum5t analog\s1 x ought to be %[n t ! objector1 hav+ be5 a spectator ( ! pret5d$ miracles1 :5 & :]e !y 7 affirm$ to h be5 wr\ght1 _h !n & !re ! te/imony ( 8 s5ses t no su* ev5ts _h tak5 place4 ,x is m]e juggl+ ) words to say t nev] to h se5 a l ev5t is ! same argum5t ( an ev5t's nev] hav+ occurr$1 z nev] to h se5 t ev5t :5 x 0 alleg$ to h tak5 place "u our v eyes6 ,i give up ! reason+ on ?is po9t1 said ,fell[es1 b h[1 ,i %\ld l to "k1 d y retort ! argum5t ^u him8 ,?us2 y see t we ma9ta9 t a miracle is incr$ible p] se1 because impossible2 n to be believ$1 !re=e1 on any evid5ce4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,if1 !n1 we saw :at seem$ a miracle1 we %\ld di/ru/ our s5ses2 we %\ld say t x 0 mo/ likely t !y deceiv$ u4 ,he> :at ,voltaire says 9 "o ( 8 lett]s to ,d',alemb]t3 ',je p]si/e a p5s] que c5t mille hommes qui ont vu ressuscit] un mort1 p\rrai5t bi5 etre c5t mille hommes qui aurai5t la b]lue4' ,& :at he says ( _! bad eyes1 !re is no d\bt he w\ld say ( 8 own1 if he _h be5 "o ( ! hundr$ ?\s&4 ,i ?9k s1 c]ta9ly4 ,& ,/rauss1 & ,hume1 & ,voltaire1 & y & ,i1 & all :o hold a miracle impossible1 w\ld di/ru/ our s5ses1 & fall back ^u t te/imony f ! g5]al exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 :i* alone c\ld correct our own halt+ & ambigu\s exp]i5ce4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 my good fell[1 t ! position ( ^? :o d5y & ^? :o ass]t miracles is exactly ! rev]se ( ,hume's /atem5t4 ,! man :o believes ',transub/antiation' di/ru/s 8 s5ses1 & r believes te/imony3 & ev5 s w\ld he :o has fully made up 8 m9d1 on our sublime pr9ciple z to ! impossibility ( miracles1 :5 any ?+ :i* has t appe>ance crosses 8 pa?2 he is prep>$ to d5y 8 s5ses & to tru/ to te/imony1--to t g5]al exp]i5ce ( o!rs :i* comes to him1 & c come to him1 only 9 t %ape4 ,x is we1 !re=e1 & n our adv]s>ies1 :o are liable to be rea*$ by ?is unlucky illu/ration4 ,fell[es himself seem$ mu* amus$ by f9d+ ! tables ?us turn$4 ,= my "p1 ,i _h difficulty 9 repress+ a *uckle ov] ?is display ( sceptical c&or & subtilty4 ,!re is p]haps ano!r p>adox :i* may be z well m5tion$1 resum$ ,h>r+ton4 ,x is a little try+ to my scepticism1 b p]haps w n be to y\r fai?4 ,i mean ?is4 ,we are con/ra9$ to believe f our 'uni=m-exp]i5ce' crit]ion t no miracle has ev] occurr$1 or ev] w2 9 %ort1 x is1 z we say1 impossible4 ,n[ ! pr9ciple :i* und\bt$ly leads u to ! conclusion we may reg>d z a pr9ciple ( our nature1 if ev] !re 0 "o2 t is1 we are s con/itut$ z to inf] ! p]petual uni=mity ( c]ta9 sequ5ces ( ph5om5a f our obs]vation ( t uni=mity4 ,assur$ly4 ,& z all mank9d obvi\sly act ^u t same pr9ciple 9 mo/ cases1 & we believe t x is "p ( ! v uni=mity 9 "q t human nature is radically ! same 9 all ages & 9 all c\ntries1 ,i ?9k we ought to conclude t x is n y & ,i only1 b at all ev5ts ! va/ majority ( mank9d1 :o h ma9ta9$ ! impossibility ( miracles4 ,we ought to be able to conclude s1 said ,fell[es1 b x is v f> f be+ ! case4 ,s f> f x1 t no?+ c be pla9] ?an t miracul\s leg5ds h be5 mo/ gre$ily tak5 up by ! va/ majority ( mank9d1 & h made a v common "p ( almo/ e =m ( religion4 ,m5 d n !n1 x appe>s1 9 ?is in/ance1 at all reg>d ! uni=m t5or ( _! exp]i5ce2 s t x is a "p ( our uni=m exp]i5ce1 t mank9d disreg>d & disbelieve ! lessons ( _! uni=m exp]i5ce4 ,?is is almo/ a miracle ( itself2 at all ev5ts1 a curi\s p>adox2 b "o :i* we mu/ n /ay to exam9e3 ?\gh ,i confess x leads to "o o!r humiliat+ conclusion1--a little coroll>y1 :i* ,i ?9k x is n unimportant to m>k2 & t is1 t we c nev] expect ^! enlight5$ views ( ours to spread among/ ! mass ( mank9d4 ,nay1 ,i _c agree ) y4 ,i hope f> o!r wise1 & f> bett] = ! human race4 ,b w ! result n contradict y\r uni=m exp]i5ce1 if y\r hopes be realiz$8 ,is n y\r exp]i5ce suffici5tly long & suffici5tly v>i$ to %[ t ! belief ( miracles & all sorts ( prodigies is ! normal condition ( mank9d1 & t x is only a comp>atively few :o c disc]n t uni=m exp]i5ce ju/ifies man 9 believ+ t no miracle is possible8 ,:ile x tea*es u t a miracle is impossible does x n also tea* u t1 ?\gh none is possible1 x is nev]!less impossible t !y %\ld n be g5]ally believ$8 ,is n ?is taught u z pla9ly by our uni=m exp]i5ce z any ?+ else8 ,see h[ fairly ,hume admits ?is at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 ,essay on ,miracles4 ,he says1 ',i flatt] myself t ,i h discov]$ an argum5t :i*1 if j1 w1 ) ! wise & le>n$1 be an ev]la/+ *eck to all k9ds ( sup]/iti\s delusion1 & consequ5tly w be useful z long z ! _w endures4 ,= s long1 ,i presume1 w ! acc\nts ( miracles & prodigies be f\nd 9 all hi/ories1 sacr$ & pr(ane4' ,?us are we l$ to ! conclusion1 t1 ?\gh miracles nev] c be real1 !y w nev]!less be always believ$2 & t1 ?\gh ! tru? is ) u1 x nev] c be e/abli%$ 9 ! m9ds ( m5 9 g5]al4 ,&1 my de> fri5d1 let u be ?ankful t x nev] c2 = if x c\ld1 t fact w\ld h prov$ ! possibility ( miracles by contradict+ "o ( ^? v d$uctions f uni=m exp]i5ce on ! validity ( :i* _! impossibility is demon/rat$4 ,^! are "s ( ! p]plexities1 cont9u$ ,h>r+ton1 :i*1 z ,!aetetus says1 sometimes make ',my head dizzy1' :5 ,i revolve ! subject4 ,meantime1 surely a nobl] spectacle c h>dly pres5t itself ?an our fairly abid+ by our pr9ciple1 amid/ s _m plausible difficulties z assail x4 ,i "k no "o pr9ciple 9 !ology or philosophy :i* has be5 s batt]$ z t ( ,hume4 ,n only ,campbell1 ,paley1 & s _m m1 confid5tly affirm errors 9 x1--su* z 8 assum+ individual or g5]al exp]i5ce to be univ]sal2 8 quietly attribut+ to individual exp]i5ce a belief ( facts :i* are believ$ by ! va/ mass ( mank9d on te/imony1 & no?+ else2 8 repres5t+ ! exp]i5ce ( a man :o says he has se5 a c]ta9 ev5t z 'contr>y' to ! exp]i5ce ( him :o says he has n se5 a simil> "o2 8 imply+ t no am\nt ( te/imony c e/abli% a miracle1 :i* might compel u to believe moral miracles to get rid ( physical miracles2 ,i say n only s1 b ! mo/ rec5t inve/igators ( ! !ory ( evid5ce cruelly ab&on him4 ,! argum5t ( ,hume & ,paley1 says ,de ,morgan1 9 8 treatise on ,probabilities1 7,encyclopa$ia ,metropolitana3 ,!ory ( ,probabilities1 #ahb47 is a 'fallacy answ]$ by fallacies1'--mean+ by ?is la/ t ,paley _h conc$$ to 8 oppon5t m ?an he ought to h done4 ,) simil> vexati\s opposition1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill says1 t1 to make any alleg$ fact contradictory to a law ( causation1 '! allegation mu/ be t ?is happ5$ 9 ! abs5ce ( any adequate c\nt]act+ cause4 ,n[1 9 ! case ( an alleg$ miracle1 ! ass]tion is ! exact opposite ( ?is4' ,he says1 't all :i* ,hume has made out is1 t no evid5ce c prove a miracle to any "o :o did n previ\sly believe ! exi/5ce ( a be+ or be+s ) sup]natural p[]2 or :o believ$ himself to h full pro( t ! "*'7,sy/em ( ,logic1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #ahf1 #ahg47 ( su* be+ or be+s is inconsi/5t ) su* an int]f]5ce2 t is1 ! argum5t c\ld h no =ce unless ei!r a man believ$ !re 7 no ,god at all1 or ! objector happ5$ to be some?+ l a ,god himself6 ,& n[1 la/ly1 ,i h %[n t ! pr$icam5t ( ,hume1 & ,voltaire1 & ,/rauss1 & y & myself 7if consi/5t71 is j ! rev]se ( t 9 :i* ! argum5t f ,transub/antiation repres5ts x4 ,b nev] m9d2 s mu* m glory is due to u = abid+ by our pr9ciple4 ,i beg9 almo/ to ?9k t ,i am arriv+ at t transc5d5tal 'fai?' :i* y admire s mu*1 & :i* is totally indep5d5t ( logic & argum5t1 & all 'intellectual processes :atev]4' ,july #bc4 ,i ?is day read to ,mr4 ,fell[es ! pap] ,i _h promis$ a week or two be=e1 & :i* ,i _h entitl$1 ,,an ,,ext]nal ,,revelation1 ,,ev5 ,,( ,,elem5t>y ,,spiritual ,,& ,,moral ,,tru?s ,,v ,,possible1 ,,& ,,v ,,useful2 ,,& ,,9 ,,analogy ,,) ,,! ,,conditions ,,( ,,human ,,developm5t1 ,,:e!r ,,9 ,,! ,,individual ,,or ,,! ,,species4 ,x is ,necess>y to obs]ve 9 ! outset1 t1 ev5 if ,i 7 to grant y\r proposition1 t a revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? is impossible1--und]/&+ by su* tru? :at y seem to mean1 ! tru? :i* ,natural ,religion1 z x is call$1 has recogniz$ 9 "s %ape or o!r 7= x has v>i$ n a little71--x w\ld leave ! *ief reasons = imp>t+ an ext]nal revelation j :]e !y 74 ,i1 at lea/1 %\ld nev] cont5d t ! sole or ev5 *ief object ( an ext]nal revelation is to imp>t elem5t>y moral or spiritual tru?1 h[ev] possible ,i may deem x4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i am fully p]suad$ t ! great purpose = :i* su* a revelation has be5 giv5 is to communicate facts & tru?s _m ( :i* 7 q transc5d5tal to ! human faculties2 :i* man w\ld nev] h discov]$1 & mo/ ( :i* he w\ld nev] h surmis$4 ,all ?is y\r favorite ,mr4 ,newman p]ceiv$ 9 8 e>li] days cle>ly en\gh1 & has record$ 8 s5tim5ts held at t p]iod 9 8 ,phases47p4#db7 ,if ,i 7 to grant y1 !re=e1 y\r proposition1 x w\ld leave ! "q ( an ext]nal revelation unt\*$2 y\r ha/y inf]5ce f x1 t e book-revelation is to be reject$1 is p]fectly gratuit\s4 ,b ,i am ?or\ghly p]suad$ t ! notion ( ! impossibility ( all ext]nal revelation ( moral & spiritual tru?1 ev5 ( ! elem5t>y =m already ref]r$ to1 is a fallacy4 ,:e!r ! religi\s faculty 9 m5 be a simple faculty1 or 7z ,sir ,james ,mack9to% seem$ to ?9k might possibly be ! case ) consci5ce7 a complex "o1 con/itut$ by means ( sev]al diff]5t p[]s & pr9ciples ( our nature1 is a "q n ess5tial to ! argum5t2 = ,i frankly admit at once1 ) ,mr4 ,newman & ,mr4 ,p>k]1 t !re is su* a susceptibility 7simple or complex71 & n a m]e abortive t5d5cy1 z ,h>r+ton seems to suppose possible4 ,o!rwise ,i _c1 ,i confess1 acc\nt = ! fact 7s l>gely insi/$ ^u by ,mr4 ,p>k]7 ( ! v g5]al1 ! all b univ]sal1 adoption by man ( "s religion1 & ! p[]1 ! prodigi\s p[]1 :i*1 ev5 :5 false1 hide\sly false1 x ex]ts ov] him4 ,b !n ,i mu/ z frankly confess1 t ,i c z little acc\nt = all ! 7n only t]rible b7 uni=m ab]rations ( ?is susceptibility1 on :i* ,h>r+ton has insi/$1 & :i*1 ,i d ?9k1 prove 7if ev] tru? 0 prov$ by induction7 "o ( two ?+s2 ei!r t1 z he says1 ?is susceptibility 9 man 0 orig9ally defective & rudim5t>y1 or t man is no long] 9 8 normal /ate2 9 o!r words1 t he is1 z ! ,scriptures decl>e1 deprav$4 ,i ackn[l$ge ,i accept ?is la/ solution2 & firmly believe ) ,pascal1 t )\t x moral & religi\s philosophy mu/ toil ov] ! problem ( humanity 9 va94 ,if ?is be s1 we h1 ( c\rse1 no difficulty 9 believ+ t !re may be1 9 spite ( ! exi/5ce ( ! religi\s faculty 9 man1 ample scope = an ext]nal revelation1 to correct its ab]rations & rem$y its maladies4 ,b y w say t ?is fact is n to be tak5 = grant$4 ,i admit x2 & !re=e lay no fur!r /ress ^u x4 ,i g "o /ep fur!r2 & %all endeavor1 at lea/1 to prove1 t1 suppos+ man is j z he 0 creat$1 yet also suppos+1 :at nei!r ,mr4 ,p>k] nor ,mr4 ,newman w d5y1 7& if !y did1 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! _w w\ld confute !m17 t man's religi\s faculty is n uni=m or det]m9ate 9 its action1 b is dep5d5t on ext]nal developm5t & culture = assum+ ! =m x does1 ample scope is /ill left = an ext]nal revelation4 ,i cont5d t ! entire condition ( ?is susceptibility 7z %[n by exp]i5ce7 proves t1 if 9 tru? an ext]nal revelation be impossible1 x is n because x has sup]s$$ ! necessity = "o2 & t ! decl>ation ( ! eld] dei/s & mod]n spirituali/s on ?is 9 ! face ( :at all hi/ory proves man to be1 is ! mo/ prepo/]\s 9 ! _w4 ,fur!r2 ,i cont5d t all ! analogies f ! fundam5tal laws ( ! developm5t ( man's nature1--f a consid]ation ( ! relations 9 :i* t nature /&s to ! ext]nal _w1--f ! absolute dep5d5ce ( ! individual on ext]nal culture1 & t ( ! :ole species on its hi/oric developm5t1--are all 9 favor ( ! notion bo? ( ! possibility & utility ( an ext]nal revelation1 & ev5 9 favor ( t p>ticul> =m ( x :i* ,mr4 ,newman & y s contemptu\sly call a book revelation4 ,i4 ,i argue f all ! analogies ( ! fundam5tal laws ( ! developm5t ( ! human m9d4 ,nor d ,i fe> to apply ! reason+ ev5 to ! cases 9 :i* x has be5 s confid5tly ass]t$ t !re c be no revelation1 on ! fallaci\s gr\nd t a revelation ( spiritual & moral tru? presupposes 9 man c]ta9 pr9ciples to :i* x appeals4 ,to possess c]ta9 faculties = ! appreciation ( spiritual & moral tru? is "o ?+2 to acquire ! consci\s possession ( t tru? is ano!r2 ! =m] fact w\ld n make an ext]nal revelation sup]flu\s1 or an empty "n4 ,e ?+ 9 ! process ( ! m9d's developm5t goes to %[1 t1 :atev] its capacities1 t5d5cies1 faculties1 pot5tialities1 7call !m :at y w17 a c]ta9 ext]nal influ5ce is necess>y to awak5 its dormant life2 to turn a pot5tiality into an en]gy 2 to trans=m a dim inkl+ ( a tru? into an intellig5t1 vital1 consci\s recognition ( x4 ,nor is ?is law conf9$ to m9d alone2 all nature atte/s its pres5ce4 ,all effects are ! result ( prop]ties or susceptibilities 9 "o ?+1 solicit$ by ext]nal contact ) ^? ( o!rs4 ,! fire no d\bt may sm\ld] 9 ! dull & languid emb]s2 x is :5 ! ext]nal breeze sweeps ov] !m1 t !y beg9 to sp>kle & gl[1 & v9dicate ! vital elem5t !y conta94 ,! diamond 9 ! m9e has ! same int]nal prop]ties 9 ! d>kness z 9 ! light2 x is n till ! sun %9es ^u x1 t x fla%es on ! eye its spl5dor4 ,look at a fl[] ( any p>ticul> species2 we see t1 z x is develop$ 9 connection ) a v>iety ( ext]nal influ5ces1--z x comes successively "u ! action ( ! sun1 ra91 dew1 soil1--x exp&s 9 a p>ticul> mann]1 & 9 t only4 ,x exhibits a c]ta9 configuration ( p>ts1 a c]ta9 =m ( leaf1 a c]ta9 color1 fragrance1 & no o!r4 ,we d n d\bt1 on ! "o h&1 t )\t ! skyey influ5ces ^! ?+s w\ld nev] h be52 nor1 on ! o!r2 t ! fl[] assumes ?is =m ( developm5t1 & ?is alone1 9 virtue ( its int]nal /ructure & organization4 ,b bo? sets ( conditions mu/ conspire 9 ! result4 ,x is mu* ! same ) ! m9d4 ,t x possesses c]ta9 t5d5cies & faculties1 :i*1 z x develops itself1 w t]m9ate 9 c]ta9 ideas & s5tim5ts1 is admitt$2 b ap>t f c]ta9 ext]nal conditions ( developm5t1 ^? s5tim5ts & ideas w1 9 effect1 nev] be =m$1--! m9d w be 9 p]petual slumb]4 ,?us1 9 po9t ( fact1 ?is controv]sy is connect$ ultimately ) t anci5t dispute z to ! orig91 s\rces1 & g5esis ( human k & s5tim5ts4 ,i %all simply take = grant$ t y are 7z mo/ philosoph]s are7 an advocate ( innate capacities1 b n ( innate ideas2 ( innate susceptibilities1 b n ( innate s5tim5ts2 t is1 ,i presume y d n cont5d t ! m9d possesses m ?an ! faculties--! laws ( ?\ght & feel+--:i*1 "u conditions ( developm5t1 actually give bir? to ?\ghts & feel+s4 ,^! faculties & susceptibilities are1 no d\bt1 cong5ital ) ! m9d1 --or1 r1 are ! m9d itself4 ,b its actually manife/$ ph5om5a wait ! ( ! ext]nal2 & !y w be modifi$ accord+ly4 ,x is absolutely dep5d5t on exp]i5ce 9 ?is s5se1 t x is only z x is op]at$ ^u by ! outw>d _w t ! dormant faculties1 :atev] !y are1 & :atev] _! nature1 be !y few or _m1-- intellectual1 moral1 or spiritual1--are fir/ awak5$4 ,if a m9d 7 creat$ 7x is1 at lea/1 a conceivable case7 ) all ! av5ues to ! ext]nal _w clos$1--9 fact1 we sometimes see approximations to su* a condition 9 c]ta9 unhappy individuals1--we d n d\bt su* a m9d1 by ! pres5t laws ( ! human con/itution1 c\ld n possess any ?\ghts1 feel+s1 emotions2 9 fact1 c\ld exhibit none ( ! ph5om5a1 spiritual1 intellectual1 moral1 or s5sational1 :i* div]sify x4 ,9 proportion z we see human be+s approa* ?is condition1--9 fact1 we sometimes see !m approa* x v ne>ly1--we see ! pot5tialities ( ! s\l 7,i d n l ! ^w1 b x expresses my mean+ bett] ?an any o!r ,i "k7 held 9 abeyance1 & su* an imp]fectly awak5$ man does n1 9 "s cases1 manife/ ! degree ( s5sibility or intellig5ce manife/$ 9 _m animals4 ,if ! seclusion f s5se & exp]i5ce be q complete1 ! life ( su* a s\l w\ld be wrapp$ up 9 ! g]m1 & possess no m consci\sness ?an a vegetable4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t univ]sally1 h[ev] true x may be1 & d\btless is1 t ! laws ( ?\ght & feel+ enable u to d]ive f ext]nal influ5ce :at x alone w\ld nev] give1 yet t influ5ces an indisp5sable condition1 z we are at pres5t con/itut$1 ( ! developm5t ( any & ( all our faculties4 ,z ?is seems ! law ( developm5t univ]sally1 x is s ( ! spiritual & religi\s "p ( our nature z well z ! re/2 & 9 ?is v fact we h abundant scope = ! possibility & utility ( a revelation1--if ,god be pleas$ to give "o1--ev5 ( elem5t>y moral & spiritual tru?2 s9ce1 ?\gh conc$+ ! p]fect congruity betwe5 t tru? & ! /ructure ( ! s\l1 x is only z x is 9 "s way actually pres5t$ to x f )\t1 t x arrives at ! consci\s possession ( x4 ,& :at1 aft] all1 b su* an ext]nal s\rce ( revelation is t ,volume ( ,nature1 :i*1 op]at+ 9 p]fect analogy ) ! a=esaid conditions ( ! s\l's developm5t1 awak5s1 ?\gh imp]fectly1 ! dormant elem5ts ( religi\s & spiritual life8 ,s f> f its be+ true 9 any intelligible s5se t an ext]nal revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? is impossible1 x is absolutely necess>y1 9 "s =m1 z a condition ( its evolution2 s f> f its be+ true t su* revelation is an absurdity1 x is 9 /rict analogy ) ! fundam5tal laws ( our be+4 ,:e!r1 if ?is be s1 ! express ext]nal pres5tation ( su* tru? 9 a book con/ruct$ by div9e wisdom & express$ 9 human language1--?is la/ be+ ! mo/ univ]sal & mo/ appropriate in/rum5t by :i* man's dormant p[]s are actually awak5$1--may n be a m effective me?od ( atta9+ ! end ?an any ( man's devis+1 :e!r in/9ctive or artificial2 or ?an ! casual influ5ces ( ext]nal nature1 well or ill deciph]$2--all ?is is ano!r "q4 ,b "s su* ext]nal app>atus--appli$ to ! faculties ( m5--is ess5tial1 :e!r x be 9 ! ,volume ( ,nature1 or 9 ! ,bible or 9 a book ( ,mr4 ,newman or ,mr4 ,p>k]4 ,all t makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 y & a ,hott5tot 7to recur to t illu/ration :i* ,h>r+ton1 ,i really ?9k1 fairly employ$7 dep5ds on ext]nal influ5ces1 & ! consequ5t developm5t ( ! spiritual & religi\s faculties4 ,& ?is v fact--! unspeakable diff]5ces betwe5 man & man1 nation & nation1 z reg>ds recognition ! consci\s possession ( ev5 elem5t>y moral & spiritual tru? 7v>y+1 z x p]petually does1 z ^? ext]nal influ5ces v>y1 & m or less p]fect1 accord+ z t ext]nal revelation1 :i*1 9 "s degree1 & ( "s species1 is indisp5sable1 m or less p]fect7--af=ds ano!r indication ( ! ample utility ( an ext]nal div9e revelation1 z well z ( its possibility2 & a pro( t1 if !re be "o1 x is 9 h>mony1 aga91 ) ! conditions ( human nature4 ,& "h ,i may employ1 9 fur!r illu/ration1 "o ( ! analogies ,i adv]t$ to a little "t ago4 ,n only is ! fl[] nev] indep5d5t ( ext]nal influ5ces = its actual developm5t1--n only w\ld x rema9 9 ! g]m )\t !m1--b we see t )9 c]ta9 limits1 (t5 v wide1 ! k9d ( ext]nal influ5ce op]ates p[]fully on ! species1 & on ! individual itself2--accord+ z x is 9 "o climate or ano!r1--9 ?is soil or t1--submitt$ to culture or suff]$ to gr[ wild4 ,x is ne$less to apply ! analogy4 ,:ile we see t ! moral spiritual faculties ( man no m ?an 8 o!r faculties c atta9 _! developm5t except 9 coop]ation ) "s ext]nal influ5ces1 we also see t !y exhibit e degree & v>iety ( developm5t accord+ to ! quality ( ^? ext]nal influ5ces4 ,is !re !n n ev5 a possibility left = an ext]nal revelation8 ,if ! actual exhibition ( any spiritual & religi\s ph5om5a 9 man n only dep5ds on "s ext]nal influ5ces & culture1 b p]petually v>ies ) !m1 :at w\ld su* a revelation be b a provision 9 analogy ) ^! facts8 ,b x is suffici5t to rebut ?is gratuit\s dictum1 ( an ext]nal revelation ( spiritual & moral tru? be+ impossible1 t "s ext]nal influ5ce is necess>y = any developm5t ( ! religi\s faculty at all4 ,if ! la/ be necess>y1 ,i _c conceive h[ ! o!r %\ld be impossible4 ,nor is x any reply to say1--z ,i ?9k has be5 abundantly %[n 9 y\r debates ) ,h>r+ton1--t any su* ext]nal influ5ces only make articulate t :i* already exi/$ in>ticulately 9 ! he>t2 t !y only *afe & /imulate into life ! ivory ( ,pygmalion's /atue1 to use 8 expression1--! dormant pr9ciples & s5tim5ts :i* someh[ exi/$1 b 7 9 deep slumb]4 ,t :i* makes !m vital1 active1 ! objects ( consci\sness & ! s\rces ( p[]1 may well be call$ a revelation4 ,nay1 s9ce x seems t1 9 "s way1 ?is outw>d voice mu/ be he>d fir/1 ,i ?9k x is m prop]ly s call$ ?an ! int]nal response ( ! he>t4 ,t is r ! e*o4 ,x may be admitt$ t ! elem5t>y tru?s ( religion1 once prop\nd$1 are promptly admitt$1 b /ill 9 "s ext]nal %ape !y require to be prop\nd$4 ,!re is su* a ?+ 9 ! human m9d z unrealiz$ tru?1 bo? intellectual & spiritual2 ! in>ticulate mutt]+ ( an obscurely felt s5tim5t2 a vague appet5cy = some?+ we are n di/9ctly consci\s (4 ,! cle> utt]ance ( x1 its di/9ct proposition to u1 is ! v ?+ t is (t5 want$ to conv]t ?is dim feel+ into di/9ct vision4 ,?is is ! electric sp>k :i* trans=ms two invisible gases into a visible & transp>5t fluid2 ?is is ! influ5ce :i* evolves ! lat5t caloric1 & makes x a p[]ful & active elem5t4 ,i _c help ?9k+ t ! great s\rce ( fallacy on ?is subject arises f conf\nd+ ! idea ( c]ta9 *>act]i/ic t5d5cies & pot5tialities ( our nature ) ! supposition1-- contradict$ by ! :ole religi\s hi/ory ( man 9 all ages1--t !y mu/ be ev]y:]e efficaci\sly active1 & spontane\sly exhibit a moral manife/ation2 ?an :i* !re _c1 ,i conceive1 be a great] error4 ,i mu/ entreat y to recollect ,h>r+ton's dilemma4 ,ei!r ! suppos$ tru?s ( y\r spiritual !ory1 or t ( ,mr4 ,newman or ,mr4 ,p>k]1 are kn[n to all mank9d1 or n2 if !y are1 surely _! books1 & e su* book is ! mo/ important 9 ! _w2 if n1 ^! au?ors did well to write1 suppos+ !m to h tru? on _! side2 b !n t v9dicates ! possibility & utility ( a book-revelation4 ,,ii4 ,b ,i g a /ep fur!r1 & n only cont5d t1 f ! v law ( ! s\l's developm5t1 !re is ample scope = a revelation1 ev5 ( elem5t>y moral & spiritual tru?1 b t ev5 if we suppos$ all m5 9 actual possession ( t tru?1 9 "s %ape or o!r1 !re w\ld /ill be abundant scope = a div9ely con/ruct$ ext]nal in/rum5t = giv+ x efficacy2 & t ?is1 aga91 is 9 p]fect analogy ) ! fundam5tal condition ( ! s\l's action4 ,! pr9ciples ( spiritual & religi\s life are capable 9 an inf9ite v>iety ( ways1 ( be+ modifi$1 int5sifi$1 vivifi$1 by ! ext]nal influ5ces br\ght to be> ^u !m f "t to "t4 ,n only mu/ t ext]nal influ5ce be ex]t$ = ! fir/ awak5+ ( ! s\l1 b x mu/ be cont9u$ all our life long1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! pr9ciples ?us elicit$ 9 a /ate ( activity4 ,sometimes !y seem = a :ile to h be5 half oblit]at$1--to fade away f ! consci\sness2 !y are reillum9$1 made to blaze out aga9 9 brilliant light on ! walls ( ! *amb]s ( imag]y1 by "s outw>d /imulus2 by a ^w spok5 9 season2 by ! recollection ( "s weighty apo!gm :i* embodies tru?1--"s ennobl+ image :i* illu/rates x2 by ! utt]ance ( c]ta9 *>m$ words1 hall[$ by association z !y fall on ! ext]nal s5se1 or are recall$ by memory4 ,h[ famili> to u all is ?is dep5d5ce on ! ext]nal6 ,h[ dull1 h[ sluggi%1 has (t5 be5 ! s\l6 ,a s+le ^w1 ! sight ( an object surr\nd$ ) vivid associations1 ! sudd5 sugge/ion ( a half-=gott5 /ra9 ( poetry or song1--:at p[] h ^! to /ir its /agnant dep?s1 & awak5 spiritual & e o!r species ( emotion1 z well z intellectual activity6 ,! lightn+ does n m sudd5ly cleave ! cl\d 9 :i* x slumb]$1 ! sleep+ ocean is n m sudd5ly ruffl$ by ! desc5d+ tempe/1 ?an ! s\l ( man is ?us capable ( be+ vivifi$ & animat$ by ! pres5tation ( appropriate objects1--nay1 (t5 by ev5 ! mo/ casual ext]nal impulse4 ,if ?is be s1 is x n possible t an ext]nal in/rum5t = ?us /imulat+ & vivify+ spiritual life might be giv5 u by ,god2 :i*1 if n1 9 lit]al /rictness1 a revelation1 w\ld virtually h all ! effect ( "o1 z rek9dl+ ! dy+ light1 reillum9+ ! fad+ *>act]s1 ( spiritual tru?8 ,nor1 surely1 is !re mu* presumption 9 suppos+ t ! appropriate influ5ces ( su* an in/rum5tality may be br\ght to be> ^u u ) inf9ite advantage by ,him :o alone possesses p]fect access to all ! av5ues ( our spirits2 a p]fect ma/]y ( our :ole nature2 ( intellect1 imag9ation1 & consci5ce ( ^? laws ( association & emotion :i* ,he himself has fram$4 ,if ,%akspe>e & ,milton c daily ex]cise ov] myriads ( m9ds an asc5d5cy :i* makes _! admir]s speak ( !m almo/ ) ! ,bibliolatry ) :i* ,mr4 ,newman makes ,*ri/ian speak ( ! ,bible1 ,i appreh5d ,god c\ld con/ruct a book1 ev5 ?\gh x told man no?+ :i* 0 /rictly a revelation1 :i* might be ( inf9ite value to him2 simply f ! fact t ! modes 9 :i* tru?s op]ate ^u u1 & by :i* our faculties are educat$ to _! p]fection1 are sc>cely less important ?an ei!r ! tru?s or ! faculties !mselves4 ,b ,i ne$ say ! less ^u ?is po9t1 inasmu* z ,mr4 ,newman has spok5 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & its influ5ce ov] 8 m5tal hi/ory1 9 t]ms :i* conclusively %[ t1 if x be n a revelation1 ample space is left = su* a div9ely con/ruct$ book1 if ,god 7 pleas$ to give "o4 ,!re is no book 9 all ! _w1 says he1 :i* ,i love & e/eem s mu* z ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ) ! devotional p>ts ( ! ,old4 ,!re is none :i* ,i "k s intimately1 ! v words ( :i* dwell close to me 9 my mo/ sacr$ ?\ghts1 none = :i* ,i s ?ank ,god1 none on :i* my s\l & he>t h be5 to s great an ext5t m\ld$4 ,9 my e>ly boyhood1 x 0 my private delight & daily companion2 & to x ,i owe ! be/ "p ( :atev] wisdom !re is 9 my manhood4 7,s\l1 pp4 #bda1 #bdb47 ,i only d\bt :e!r ev5 ?is te/imony1 /rong z x is1 fully repres5ts ! p[] :i* ! ,book has _h 9 modify+ 8 int]ior life1 ?\gh he w\ld n[ fa9 r5\nce its prop] au?ority2 :e!r x has n _h m to d ?an he ?9ks 9 orig9at+ 8 conception ( su* moral & spiritual tru? z he /ill recognizes4 ,its v language comes s spontane\sly to 8 lips1 t 8 dialect ( spiritualism is "o cont9u$ plagi>ism f ,david & ,isaiah1 ,paul & ,*ri/4 ,nay1 ,i may well be d\bt$ :e!r ! entire sub/ance ( 8 spiritual !ory be any ?+ else ?an a di/ort$ & mutilat$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,"s ( ! previ\s obs]vations apply to ! possibility & utility ( a div9ely orig9at$ /atem5t ( e?ical tru?2 nor w !y be neutraliz$ by an objection :i* ,mr4 ,newman is fond ( urg+1 --namely1 t a book _c express 7z x is freely ackn[l$g$ no book c7 ! limitations ) :i* maxims ( critical tru? are to be receiv$ & appli$2 t all x c d is to give g5]al pr9ciples1 & leave !m to be appli$ by ! individual reason & consci5ce4 ,su* reason+ is refut$ by fact4 ,! same ?+ precisely is done1 & necess>ily done1 9 e dep>tm5t 9 :i* m5 attempt to convey in/ruction 9 any p>ticul> art or me?od4 ,x is ?us ) ! g5]al pr9ciples ( me*anics1 ( law1 ( m$ic9e4 ,yet m5 nev] ent]ta9 a notion t ! collection & inculcation ( su* maxims are ( no use1 or ( little1 m]ely because !y mu/ be intellig5tly modifi$ & n bl9dly appli$ 9 action4 ,if inde$ !re 7 any =ce 9 ! objection1 x w\ld put an end to all in/ruction1--t ( ,mr4 ,newman's spiritual faculty among/ ! re/1 = t too c only prompt u by g5]al impulses1 & leaves u 9 ! same ignorance & p]plexity h[ f> we are to obey !m4 ,t is /ill to be o!rwise det]m9$4 ,! g5u9e result ( su* reason+1 if x 7 act$ ^u1 w\ld be t we ne$ nev]1 9 any sci5ce or art :atev]1 tr\ble ourselves to enunciate any g5]al pr9ciple or maxim1 because p]fectly useless6 ,simil>ly1 we ne$ nev] inculcate on *ildr5 ! duty ( obey+ _! honor+ _! sup]iors1 ( be+ frugal or dilig5t1 humble or aspir+1 ! p>ticul> circum/ances & limitations 9 :i* !y are to be appli$ be+ indet]m9ate6 ,b is n ! exp]i5ce ( e day & ( all ! _w aga9/ x8 ,is n ! e>ly & s$ul\s inculcation ( j maxims ( duty fell to be a great auxili>y to its p]=mance 9 ! circum/ances 9 :i* x is necess>y to apply !m8 ,is n ! possession ( a g5]al rule1 ) ! advantages ( a cle> & concise expression1--9 ! =m ( famili> prov]bs1 or embodi$ 9 p[]ful imag]y1--a pot5t sugge/ive to ! m9d2 n only :isp]+ ( duty1 b1 by p]petual recurr5ce1 aid+ ! habit ( att5d+ to x8 ,is n ! e>ly & e>ne/ it]ation ( su* s5t5ti\s wisdom 9 ! e>s ( ! "y1 --! honor :i* has be5 paid to sages :o h elicit$ x1 or felicit\sly express$ x1--! c>e ) :i* ^! treasures ( moral wisdom h be5 g>n]$ up1--! p]petual ef=ts to conjo9 elem5t>y moral tru? ) ! fancy & association1--is n all ?is a /&+ te/imony to a consci\sness ( ! value ( su* auxili>ies ( virtue & duty8 ,is x n felt1 t1 h[ev] g5]al su* tru?s may be1 ! v =ms ( expression1--! portable %ape 9 :i* ! tru? is pres5t$1--h an imm5se value 9 relation to practice8 ,admitt+1 !re=e1 z be=e1--b1 z be=e1 only conc$+ x = argum5t's sake 7= ! limits ( v>iation1 ev5 z reg>ds ! elem5t>y tru?s ( morals1 are1 z exp]i5ce %[s1 v wide71--t ea* man 9 "s %ape c\ld anticipate = himself ! m important e?ical tru?1 !re w\ld be yet ample scope left = ! utility ( a div9ely con/ruct$ in/rum5t = its exhibition & en=cem5t1 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! modes 9 :i* x is actually exhibit$ & en=c$ by man1 9 close analogy ) ! =m 9 :i* he attempts ! same task1 :5ev] he tea*es any practical art or me?od :atev]4 ,only may x n be aga9 presum$ "h1 t ,he :o kn[s p]fectly :at is 9 man w\ld be able to p]=m ! "w ) correspond5t p]fection8 ,:e!r ,he has p]=m$ x 9 ! ,bible or n1 t book does1 at all ev5ts1 conta9 n m]ely a l>g] portion ( pure e?ical tru? ?an any o!r 9 ! _w1 b e?ical tru? express$ & exhibit$ 7z ,mr4 ,newman himself1 & mo/ o!r p]sons1 w\ld admit7 9 modes incomp>ably bett] adapt$ ?an 9 any o!r book to lay hold ( ! memory1 ! imag9ation1 ! consci5ce1 & ! he>t4 ,ev5 !n1 if we conc$$ t elem5t>y spiritual & moral tru? is n only congru\s to man's faculties1 b 9 "s %ape univ]sally recogniz$ & possess$1 x might yet be cont5d$1 f ! mann] 9 :i* su* tru? is dep5d5t = its p[] & vitality on ! =ms 9 :i* x comes 9 contact ) ! human _s & /imulates x1 t ample space is left = su* a div9e in/rum5t z ! ,bible2 & t x w\ld be 9 p]fect con=mity ) ! laws ( our nature1 --9 analogy ) ! kn[n modes 9 :i* ext]nal aids give efficacy to su* tru?4 ,at ! same "t1 be pleas$ once m to rememb]1 t ,i conc$e s mu* only = argum5t's sake2 ,i cont5d t 9 ! /rict] s5se1 )\t "s ext]nal aid1--& ! ,bible may be at lea/ z effectual1--! religi\s faculty w n exp& at all2 & t1 ev5 :]e !re are ^! indisp5sable ext]nal influ5ces1 ! recognition ( ! tru? is obscure or bright1 z ^? influ5ces v>y 9 _! degrees ( appropriat5ess4 ,:]e !y are rude & imp]fect1 7z among/ b>b>\s nations7 we h ! spectacle ( a s\l :i* /ruggles t[>ds ! light1 l a plant to :i* b small portion ( ! sun's rays is admitt$2 x dep5ds on ! free admission ( ! light :e!r or n x %all arrive at its full developm5t1--its beauty1 its fragrance1 & its color4 ,! mo/ t m]ely human culture c promise1 ev5 "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances1 7witness anci5t ,greece67 is t m51 9 "s few favor$ in/ances1 may possibly atta9 ^? tru?s :i* x may be admitt$ are cong5ital to ! s\l1 & easily recogniz$ :5 once prop\nd$ b :i*1 9 fact1 few m51 by nature's sole tea*+1 ev] d cle>ly atta94 ,x is inf9itely important t ! pa?1 dimly explor$ by sages alone1 %\ld be ?r[n op5 to mank9d4 ,is x n ev5 possible1 !n1 t ?is task %\ld be p]=m$ by a book l ! ,bible8 & if su* a book 7 giv51 w\ld x n be1 ,i once m ask1 9 analogy ) ! fundam5tal laws ( ! s\l's developm5t1--its uni=m dep5d5ce on ext]nal influ5ces = any result1 & ! v>iable nature ( t result1 z ! influ5ce itself is m or less appropriate8 ,to affirm t ea* man at once1 by 9 int]nal illum9ation alone1 atta9s a cle> recognition ( ev5 elem5t>y moral & spiritual tru? is to ignore ! laws accord+ to :i* ! s\l's activity is develop$1 & to contradict univ]sal exp]i5ce1 :i* tells u t ! great majority ( mank9d are b 9 p>tial possession ( ?is spiritual & moral tru?1 & hold x = ! mo/ "p 9 connection ) ! mo/ prodigi\s & p]nici\s errors4 ,y w p]ceive t ,i h "h *os5 to argue ! "q ( ! possibility & utility ( a revelation on y\r own gr\nds2 b recollect :at ,i h said1 t1 9 fact1 ! pr9cipal reasons = a revelation w\ld /ill rema9 9 =ce1 ev5 if all y dem& 7 conc$$4 ,x is a po9t :i* ,i d n f9d t ,mr4 ,newman's dictum affects4 ,!re may obvi\sly be o!r facts & o!r tru?s z intimately connect$ ) man's de/9ies & happ9ess z ! elem5t>y tru?s ( religi\s & moral sci5ce2 facts & tru?s :i* may be necess>y to give efficacy to m]e elem5t>y pr9ciples1 & to supply motives to ! p]=mance ( moral precepts4 ,& h[ ample 9 ?is respect are man's necessities1 & h[ l>ge ! field = a div9e revelation1 if we cont5t ourselves ) su* a meagre !ology z t ( ,mr4 ,p>k] & ,mr4 ,newman1 y see pla9ly en\gh 9 ! que/ions ask$ by ,h>r+ton6 ,h[ _m ( ,mr4 ,newman's & ,mr4 ,p>k]'s assumptions--! mom5t !y /ep beyond su* spiritual & moral tru? z is elem5t>y inde$--does ,h>r+ton decl>e t he f9ds unv]ifi$ by 8 own consci\sness1 & ne$+1 if true1 an au?ority to confirm !m f> m weighty ?an !irs6 ,z to ! t]ms ( access to ! ,supreme ,be+1--8 aspects t[>ds man1--man's duties t[>ds him1--! future de/9ies1 ev5 ! future exi/5ce1 ( ! s\l 7a po9t on :i* ^! writ]s are !mselves divid$71--! boa/$ progress ( ! race1 :i* !y prophesy1 inde$1 b )\t any cr$5tials ( _! mission1--y see h[ on all ^! po9ts ,h>r+ton ma9ta9s--& oh6 h[ _m1 if ! ,bible be untrue1 mu/ ma9ta9 ) him--t he is 9 total d>kness6 ,,iii4 ,b ,i mu/ proce$ to %[ yet fur!r1 if y w h pati5ce ) me1 t1 suppos+ a div9e ext]nal revelation to be giv51 x is 9 /rik+ analogy1 n only ) ! prim>y laws ( developm5t ( our :ole intellectual & spiritual be+1 b ) ! fact-- und5iable1 h[ev] unacc\ntable--t our subjection to ext]nal influ5ce does1 9 tru?1 n only m\ld & modify1 b usually det]m9e1 our intellectual & religi\s position4 ,we see n only "s ext]nal influ5ce is necess>y to awak5 activity at all1 b t x is actually s p[]ful & s inevitable f ! mann] 9 :i* man ent]s ! _w1 & is br\ght up 9 x1--8 long ye>s ( dep5d5ce1 absolute dep5d5ce1 on ! education :i* is giv5 him 7& :at an education x has ev] be5 = ! mass ( ! race671--t x makes all ! diff]5ce1 intellectually & morally1 betwe5 a ,new ,zeal& savage & an ,engli%man1--betwe5 ! grosse/ idolat] & ! mo/ enlight5$ ,*ri/ian4 ,?is fact affects alike our intellectual & spiritual condition4 ,! savage c use 8 s5ses bett] ?an ! civiliz$2 b ! int]val is trifl+ comp>$ ) t betwe5 ! intellectual condition ( a man c appreciate ,milton & ,newman1 & t ( our ,teutonic ance/ors4 ,its ! s5tim5ts ( a nature !re is ! same wide gulf--or r wid]--betwe5 a ,hott5tot & a ,paul4 ,yet ! same susceptibilities & pot5tialities are 9 ea* human m9d4 ,! same rem>k applies to ! s5se ( ! beautiful & sublime2 ! *>act]i/ic faculties are 9 all mank9d2 x is education :i* elicits !m4 ,nay1 w\ld y n />e at a man :o %\ld affirm t education 0 n itself a species ( revelation1 simply because ! tru?s ?us communicat$ 7 all pot5tially 9 ! m9d be=e8 ,! fact is1 t education is ( coord9ate importance ) ! v faculties )\t :i* x _c be imp>t$4 ,n[ we _c break away f t law ( developm5t ) :i* our individual exi/5ce is involv$1 & :i* necess>ily 7z f> z any w ( ours is conc]n$7 is a mo/ important1 nay1 ! mo/ important1 elem5t 9 t t]tium quid :i* man becomes 9 virtue ( ! ?reefold elem5ts :i* con/itute him3--#a/1 a giv5 int]nal con/itution ( m9d2 #b;d4 ! modify+ effects ( ! actual ex]cise ( 8 faculties & _! int]action ) "o ano!r1 result+ 9 habits2 &1 #c;d1 t ext]nal _w ( influ5ces :i* supplies ! mat]iel f :i* ?is /range plant extracts its alim5t1 & ultimately d]ives its fair fruits or its poison\s b]ries4 ,all ?is is inevitable1 ^u ! supposition t man 0 to be a social1 n a solit>y be+1--l9k$ by an indissoluble *a9 to ^? :o came be=e & to ^? :o come aft] him1--dep5d5t1 absolutely dep5d5t1 ^u o!rs = 8 be+1 8 tra9+1 8 :ole condition1 civil1 social1 intellectual1 moral1 & religi\s4 ,if1 !n1 an ext]nal in/rum5t ( moral & religi\s culture 7 ,giv5 by ,god to man1 w\ld x n be 9 /rict analogy ) ?is trem5d\s & my/]i\s law ( human developm5t8 ,,iv4 ,i mu/ be p]mitt$ to proce$ yet "o /ep fur!r1 & affirm t ! v =m 9 :i* ?is presum$ revelation has 7z we say7 be5 giv5--t ( a ,book--is also 9 /rict analogy ) ! law by :i* ,god himself has made ?is an indisp5sable in/rum5t ( all human progress4 ,we h j se5 t man is :at he is1 z mu* 7to say ! lea/7 by ! influ5ce ( ext]nal influ5ce z by ! influ5ce ( ! int]nal pr9ciples ( 8 con/itution2 x mu/ be add$1 t to make t ext]nal influ5ce ( mu* effici5cy at all1 /ill m to r5d] x ei!r univ]sally or progressively b5eficial1 ! _w waits = a--,,book4 ,among ! v>i$ ext]nal influ5ces amid/ :i* ! human race is develop$1 ?is is incomp>ably ! mo/ important1 & ! only "o t is absolutely ess5tial4 ,^u x ! collective education ( ! race dep5ds4 ,x is ! sole in/rum5t ( regi/]+1 p]petuat+1 transmitt+ ?\ght4 ,yes1 :atev] trivial & vulg> associations may impair our due conceptions ( ?is gr&eur ( ?is mat]ial & artificial organon ( man's developm5t1 z comp>$ ) ! intellectual & moral en]gies1 :i* h rec\rse to x1 b :i* are almo/ impot5t )\t x4 ,god has made man's :ole c>e] ( triumphs dep5d5t ^u ?is same art ( writ+6 ,! :ole progress ( ! _w he has creat$1 he has made dep5d5t ^u ! ,alphabet6 ,)\t ?is ! progress ( ! individual is inconceivably sl[1 & ) him1 = ! mo/ "p1 progress t]m9ates4 ,by ?is alone c we g>n] ! fruits ( exp]i5ce1--become wise by ! wisdom ( o!rs1 & /rong by _! /r5g?4 ,)\t ?is man ev]y:]e rema9s1 age aft] age1 immovably a savage2 &1 if he 7 to lose x :5 he has once ga9$ x1 w\ld1 aft] a little ineffectual flutt] by ! aid ( tradition1 s9k into b>b>ism aga94 ,till ?is c>d9al want is suppli$1 all consid]able progress is impossible4 ,x may look odd to say t ! :ole _w is dep5d5t on any ?+ s purely artificial2 b1 9 po9t ( fact1 x is only ano!r way ( /at+ ! tru? t ,god has con/itut$ ! race a s]ies ( mutually dep5d5t be+s2 & z ea* t]m ( ?is s]ies is p]i%able & evanesc5t1 ! developm5t & improvem5t ( ! race mu/ dep5d on an in/rum5t by :i* an int]-connection c be ma9ta9$ betwe5 its p>ts2 till !n1 progress mu/ n only be mo/ prec>i\s1 b virtually impossible4 ,to ! tru? ( ?is all hi/ory te/ifies4 ,i say1 !n1 n only t1 if ,god has giv5 man a revelation at all1 he has b act$ 9 analogy ) t law by :i* he has made man s absolutely dep5d5t ^u ext]nal culture1 b t if he has giv5 x 9 ! v %ape ( a book1 he has act$ also 9 /rict analogy ) ! v =m 9 :i* he has impos$ t law on ! _w4 ,he has simply made use ( t in/rum5t1 :i*1 by ! v con/itution ( our nature & ( ! _w1 he has made absolutely ess5tial to ! progress & advancem5t ( humanity4 ,may we n conclude f analogy1 t if ,god has inde$ ?us con/itut$ ! _w1 & if he busies himself at all 9 ! =tunes ( mis]able humanity1 he has n disda9$ to take "p 9 its education1 by condesc5d+ly us+ t v in/rum5t :i* himself has made ! condition ( all human progress8 ,i ?9k1 ev5 if y hesitate to admit t ,god has giv5 u a book-revelation1 y mu/ admit x w\ld be at lea/ 9 manife/ co9cid5ce ) ! laws ( human developm5t & ! con/itution & c\rse ( nature4 ,to conclude2 ,i mu/ say t ,mr4 ,newman1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! g5esis ( religion1 does himself 9 effect admit 7z ,h>r+ton has rem>k$7 an ext]nal revelation1 ?\gh n 9 a book4 ,= :at else is t app>atus ( ext]nal influ5ces by :i* ! sev]al prep>atory or auxili>y emotions are awak5$1 & ! developm5t ( y\r spiritual faculty effect$8--contact ) ! outw>d _w1--) visible & mat]ial nature1--! in/ruction ( ! liv+ voice6 ,y ackn[l$ge all ?is )\t d]ogation1 z y imag9e1 to ! sublime & div9e functions ( ! indwell+ spiritual p[]1 :y ?is rabid1 ?is1 ,i might almo/ say1 pu]ile 7if ,i ought n r to say fanatical71 hatr$ ( ! v notion ( a book-revelation8 ,let u confess t1 if a revelation be possible at all1 x _c be m wor?y ( ,god to give "o ev5 f )9 ?an 9 su* a %ape z a book2 s9ce )\t a ,,book man rema9s an idolat]1 9 spite ( 8 f9e spiritual faculties1 & a b>b>ian1 9 spite ( 8 sublime intellect2 9 fact1 n mu* bett] ?an ! bea/s1 9 spite ( all ^? noble capacities :i*1 al?\gh !y are 9 him1 are z x 7 hopelessly lock$ up till he has obta9$ ?is key to _! treasures4 ,nor d ,i ?9k t ! invectives ( ! mod]n spirituali/s on ?is po9t are p>ticul>ly becom+1 :5 we reflect n only t !y freely give mank9d :at ,h>r+ton decl>es to be to him1 & ,i mu/ say are equally to me1 _! book-revelations1 b 9 v de$1 z he truly affirms1 h giv5 u no?+ else4 ,x has be5 mu* ! same ) all :o h reject$ hi/orical ,*ri/ianity1 f ,"l ,h]b]t's "t d[nw>ds4 ,i paus$1 & ,fell[es mus$4 ,at la/ he said1 ,i _c feel conv9c$ t ! 'absolute religion' is 7z ,mr4 ,p>k] says7 ess5tially ! same 9 all m51 & int]nally reveal$4 ,! want exi/s 9 all1 & !re mu/1 accord+ to ! arrangem5ts ( univ]sal nature1 be ! supply2 j z ! eye is = ! light1 & ! light is = ! eye4 ,z he says1 'we feel in/9ctively x mu/ be s4' ,unhappily1 said ,h>r+ton1 ,mr4 ,p>k] says t _m ?+s mu/ be :i* we f9d are n1 & ?is among ! numb]4 ,at lea/ ,i1 = "o1 %all n grant t ! sort ( spiritual 'supply' :i* is to ! ,calmuck1 or ! savage 'besme>$ ) ! blood ( human sacrifices1' at all resembles t uni=m light :i* is made = all p's eyes4 ,fell[es seem$ /ill p]plex$ ) 8 old difficulty4 ,i _c help ?9k+1 he began aga91 t ! 'spiritual faculty' acts by imm$iate 'insight1' & has no?+ to d ) 'logical processes' or 'intellectual propositions1' or ! s5sational or ! imag9ative p>ts ( our nature2 t x 'gazes imm$iately ^u spiritual tru?4' ,n[ 9 ! argum5t y h con/ruct$1 y h expressly impli$ ! contr>y4 ,y h said1 y "k1 t1 ev5 if y grant$ m5 to be 9 possession ( 'spiritual & moral tru?1' !re might /ill be l>ge space = a div9ely con/ruct$ book f ! reflex op]ation ( ! intellect1 ! imag9ation1 & s =?1 ^u ! products ( ! spiritual faculty2 bo? directly1 & also indirectly1 inasmu* z ext]nal influ5ces modify or /imulate !m4 ,b1 said ,i1 does n ,mr4 ,newman himself1 9 ! fir/ "p ( 8 ,treatise on ! ,s\l1 admit ! reciprocal action ( all ^! on ! too pla/ic spiritual products2 & z to 'logical & intellectual processes1' does he n cont9ually employ !m--= 8 sy/em ( op9ions1 ?\gh he w n all[ !m to be employ$ aga9/ x8 ,& by :at o!r means ?an ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( y\r s5ses1 by :i* y read 8 pages1--y\r imag9ation1 by :i* y seize 8 illu/rations1--y\r intellect1 by :i* y compreh5d 8 argum5ts1 did he reclaim y1 z y say he has done1 f _m ( y\r anci5t errors8 ,h[ else1 9 ! "n ( common s5se1 did he get access to y\r s\l at all8 ,i _c pret5d to def5d ,mr4 ,newman's consi/5cy1 said he1 9 8 v>i\s /atem5ts on ?is subject4 ,i ackn[l$ge ,i am ev5 puzzl$ to f9d out h[ he did conv9ce me1 ^u 8 hypo!sis4 ,are y sure1 said ,i1 laugh+1 t he ev] conv9c$ y at all8 ,h[ev]1 all y\r p]plexity seems to me to arise f suppos+ ! spiritual p[]s ( man to act 9 great] isolation f 8 o!r p[]s ?an is conceivable or ev5 possible4 ,n ap>t f ^!1 b 9 intimate conjunction ) !m1 are ! functions ( ! s\l p]=m$4 ,! divorce betwe5 ! 'spiritual faculties' & ! intellect1 :i* y\r favorite1 ,mr4 ,newman1 has attempt$ to effect1 is impossible4 ,x is an attempt to sev] ph5om5a :i* coexi/ 9 ! unity ( our own consci\sness4 ,i am b\nd 9 ju/ice to admit1 t !re are o!rs ( our 'mod]n spirituali/s' :o condemn ?is attempt to sep>ate :at ,god ha? jo9$ s insep>ably4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,newman does practically contradict 8 own ass]tions2 & outrag$ reason & intellect h av5g$ 8 wrongs ^u !m by des]t+ him :5 he has invok$ !m1 & left him to express 8 p>adoxes 9 endless p]plexity & confusion4 ,b ?is conv]sation is no bad preface to "s obs]vations on ?is important fallacy1 7z ,i conceive17 :i* ,i h app5d$ to ! pap] ,i h read1 &1 ) y\r leave1 ,i w f9i% ) !m4 ,!y ass5t$1 & ,i proce$$4 ,x is v common = philosoph]s1 spiritual & o!rwise1 to be guilty ( two opposite errors1 bo? expos$ 9 ! fir/ book ( ! ,novum ,organum4 ,"o is1 t ( suppos+ ! ph5om5a :i* !y h to analyze m simple1 m capable ( be+ r$uc$ to "s "o pr9ciple1 ?an is really ! case2 ! o!r1 t ( introduc+ a cumbr\s complexity ( op]ations unkn[n to nature4 ,x is unnecess>y "h to adduce examples ( ! la/2 q z frequ5tly1 at lea/1 man apt to be guilty ( ! fir/4 ,he imag9es t complex & g5]ally deeply convolut$ ph5om5a he is call$ to inve/igate are capable ( be+ m summ>ily analyz$ ?an !y c be4 ,! ends to be answ]$ 9 nature by ! same set ( in/rum5ts are 9 _m cases s v>i\s1 & 9 "s respects s limit & trav]se "o ano!r1 t ?\gh ! same multiplicity ( ends is atta9$ m completely1 & 9 high] aggregate p]fection1 ?an by any device :i* man's +5uity c\ld sub/itute = !m1 yet ^? in/rum5ts are necess>ily v complex at ! be/4 ,look1 = example1 at ! sy/em ( organs by :i*1 v>i\sly employ$1 we utt] ! inf9ite v>iety ( articulate s\nds1 p]=m ! mo/ necess>y ( all vital functions 7t ( respiration71 ma/icate solid food1 & swall[ fluids4 ,! miracle is1 t any "o set ( organs 9 any conceivable juxtaposition %\ld suffice to dis*>ge ) su* amaz+ facility & rapidity ^! diff]5t & rapidly alt]nat$ functions2 yet ,i suppose few :o h /udi$ anatomy w d5y1 t1 ?\gh relatively to ! v>iety ( purposes x has to p]=m ! app>atus is v simple1 x is absolutely v complex2 & t its p>ts play into "o ano!r ) great facility inde$1 b ) endless intricacy4 ,to apply ^! obs]vations to my special object4 ,to "o :o att5tively /udies man's immat]ial anatomy1 mu* ! same complexity is1 ,i ?9k1 app>5t2 ! philosoph] is too apt to assume x to be mu* m simple ?an x is4 ,x is ! v error1 z ,i conceive1 into :i* "s ( y mod]n spirituali/s fall :5 consid]+ ! ph5om5a ( our religi\s nature4 ,y d n suffici5tly reg>d man z a complicat$ unity2 y repres5t1 if y d n suppose1 ! sev]al capacities ( 8 nature1--! diff]5t p>ts ( x1 s5sational1 emotional1 intellectual1 moral1 spiritual1--z set (f f "o ano!r by a %>p] b\nd>y l9e ?an nature ackn[l$ges4 ,!y all "w = imm$iate ends1 inde$2 b !y all also "w =1 )1 & ^u ea* o!r1 = o!r ends ?an _! own4 ,yet1 z !y all exi/ 9 "o indivisible m9d1 or r con/itute x1 !y =m "o mo/ intricate ma*9e3 & x c r>ely happ5 t ! p>ticul> ph5om5a ( our int]ior nature we happ5 to be inve/igat+ d n involve _m o!rs4 ,?r\gh\t 8 book on ! ,s\l1 we f9d ,mr4 ,newman employ+ expressions 7?\gh ,i admit !re are o!rs :i* contradict !m7 :i* imply t ! ph5om5a ( religion1 ( :at he calls spiritual insight1 may be view$ 9 cle>] di/9ction f ^? ( ! intellect1 ?an1 z ,i conceive1 !y ev] c be2 & t a mu* cle>] sep>ation c be effect$ betwe5 !m ?an nature has made possible4 ,to he> him sometimes speak1 "o w\ld imag9e t ! logical1 ! moral1 & ! spiritual are held toge!r by no vital bond ( connection2 nay1 f "s expressions1 "o w\ld ?9k t ! logical faculty _h no?+ to d ) religion1 if x is n to be suppos$ r to /& 9 ! way ( x2 t ! intellect & ! spiritual faculty may ea* retire to its vacant int]lun> cave1 & nev] tr\ble its head ab\t :at ! o!r is do+4 ,?us he says 9 "o place1 ,all ! gr\nds ( ,belief propos$ to ! m]e und]/&+ h no?+ to d ) ,fai? at all4 7,s\l1 p4 #bbc47 ,9 ano!r1 ,! processes ( ?\ght h no?+ to quick5 ! consci5ce or affect ! s\l4 7ibid4 p4 #bde7 ,h[1 !n1 c ! /ate ( ! s\l be te/$ by ! conclusion to :i* ! intellect is l$8 7ibid4 p4 #bde47 ,& accord+ly y see he ev]y:]e affirms t we ought n to h any bett] or worse op9ion ( any man = 8 intellectual cre$2 & t religi\s progress _c be anticipat$ till intellectual cre$s are de/roy$4 7,phases1 p4 #bbb47 ,"h "o w\ld imag9e t ! intellectual1 moral1 & spiritual _h ev5 less to d ) ! production ( ea* o!r's results ?an matt] & m9d reciprocally h ) !irs4 ,^! la/1 we see1 9 a ?\s& cases act & react ^u "o ano!r2 & modify ea* o!r's peculi> products & op]ations 9 a mo/ important mann]4 ,h[ mu* m reasonably may we inf] t ! elem5t>y faculties ( ! same indivisible m9d w n dis*>ge _! functions )\t important reciprocal action2 t 9 no case c we h ! process pure & simple z ! result ( ! op]ation ( a s+le faculty6 ,if x 7 n s1 ,i see n h[ we are to p]=m any ( ! functions ( a spiritual nature1 ev5 z def9$ by y & y\r favorite writ]s2 unless1 inde$1 y w\ld equip ! s\l ) an entire ,sunday suit ( sep>ate capacities ( reason+1 rememb]+1 imag9+1 hop+1 rejoic+1 & s on1 to be expressly us$ by ! s\l alone :5 engag$ 9 h] spiritual functions2 q diff]5t f t old1 ?readb>e1 mu*-worn suit ( faculties1 hav+ simil> functions inde$1 b ex]cis$ on o!r objects4 ,:at c be m obvi\s 7& x mu/ be admitt$ t ! mo/ fanatical spirituali/ employs expressions1 &1 :at is m1 uses me?ods1 :i* imply x7 ?an t1 :e!r we h a di/9ct religi\s faculty or :e!r x be ! result ( ! action ( _m faculties1 ! functions ( our spiritual nature are p]=m$ by ! in/rum5tality1 & involve ! int]v5tion1 ( ! v same mu*-abus$ faculties :i* enable u to p]=m any o!r function4 ,x is "o & ! same indivisible m9d :i* is ! subject ( religi\s ?\ght & emotion1 & ( any o!r ?\ght & emotion4 ,religi\s tru?1 l any o!r tru?1 is embrac$ by ! und]/&+--z inde$ x w\ld be a que] k9d ( tru? t is n is /at$ 9 propositions1 yields inf]5ces1 is adorn$ by eloqu5ce is illu/rat$ by ! imag9ation1 & is ?us1 z well f its intr9sic claims1 r5d]$ p[]ful ov] ! emotions1 ! affections1 & ! w4 ,9 brief1 :5 ! s\l appreh5ds1 reasons1 rememb]s1 rejoices1 hopes1 fe>s1 spiritually1 x surely does n p]=m ^! functions by totally diff]5t faculties f ^! by :i* simil> ?+s are done on o!r occasions4 ,all exp]i5ce & consci\sness are aga9/ ! supposition4 ,9 religion1 m5's m9ds are employ$ on m sublime & elevat$ !mes inde$1 b ! op]ations !mselves are ess5tially ( ! same nature z 9 o!r cases4 ,h5ce we see ! dep5d5ce ( ! true developm5t ( religion on ! j & h>moni\s action ( all our faculties4 ,!y m>* toge!r2 & x is ! glori\s pr]ogative ( true religion t x makes !m d s2 t all ! elem5ts ( our nature1 be+ indissolubly connect$1 & p]petually act+ & react+ on "o ano!r1 %\ld aid "o ano!r & atta9 a m j conjo9t action4 ,if !re be acceptable fai?1 x presupposes belief ( ! tru?1 z well z love ( x 9 ! he>t2 if !re be holy habit1 x implies j k ( duty2 if !re be spiritual emotion awak5$1 x w /ill be 9 accordance ) ! laws :i* ord9>ily produce x2 t is1 because t :i* %\ld produce x is p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses or ! intellect1 is recall$ by ! memory1 is vivifi$ by ! imag9ation4 ,if fai? & hope & love (t5 k9dle into activity1 & hall[ ^! in/rum5ts by :i* & ?r\gh :i* !y act1 x is n ! less true1 t1 ap>t f ^!1--z con/itut+ ! same indivisible m9d--fai? & hope & love _c exi/3 & n only s2 b :5 fai? is languid1 & hope fa9t1 & love expir+1 ^! faculties !mselves %all (t5 9 _! turn initiate ! process :i* %all revive !m all2 "s outw>d object1 "s incid5t ( life1 "s magic ^w1 "s glori\s image1 "s /alw>t tru?1 sudd5ly & en]getically /at$1 %all1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! s5ses1 ! imag9ation1 or ! intellect1 set ! s\l once m 9 a blaze1 & revive ! emotions :i* x is at o!r times only _! (fice to express4 ,a sanctifi$ intellect1 a hall[$ imag9ation1 dev\t affections1 h a reciprocal t5d5cy to /imulate ea* o!r4 ,9 :atev] faculty ( our nature ! /imulus may be felt1--9 ! intellect or ! imag9ation1--x is !nce propagat$ ?r\gh ! my/]i\s net-"w ( ! s\l to ! emotions1 ! affections1 ! consci5ce1 ! w3 or1 conv]sely1 ^! la/ may comm5ce ! movem5t & propagate x 9 rev]se ord]4 ,ea* may become 9 turn a c5tre ( influ5ce2 b s indivisible is ! s\l & m9d ( man1 s indissolubly b\nd toge!r ! elem5ts :i* con/itute !m1 t ! influ5ce once comm5c$ nev] /ops :]e x began1 b acts ^u !m all4 ,! ripple1 z t ( a /one dropp$ into /ill wat]1 no matt] :]e1 may be fa9t] & fa9t] ! f>!r f ! spot :]e ! commotion began1 b x w /op only ) ! bank4 ,ord9>ily _m functions ( ! m9d are involv$ 9 ea*1 & sometimes all 9 "o4 ,july #bd4 ,ye/]day1 a some:at int]e/+ conv]sation took place betwe5 ,h>r+ton & ,edw>d ,rob9son1 a y\? at college1 a fri5d ( ,george ,fell[es's family4 ,he is a dev\t admir] ( ,/rauss1 & ?9ks t writ] has completely de/roy$ ! hi/orical "* ( ! ,gospels4 ,i 01 z usual1 /ruck ) ! c&or & logical consi/5cy ) :i* our sceptic 0 dispos$ to reg>d ! subject4 ,y h ,l+>d & ,macaulay "h1 ,i see1 said "y ,rob9son4 ,i ne$ h>dly ask1 ,i ?9k1 :i* y f9d ! mo/ pleasant read+8 ,y ne$ n1 inde$1 cri$ ,h>r+ton4 ,mr4 ,macaulay is s sup]ior to ! ,roman ,ca?olic hi/orian 7?\gh 8 m]its are great too7 9 g5ius1 9 consequ5ce1 9 v>iety & amplitude ( k1 9 imag9ation1 9 /yle1 t !re is no comp>ison betwe5 !m4 ,& d y ?9k ,mr4 ,macaulay z accurate z he is full ( g5ius & eloqu5ce8 ,if he be n1 said ,h>r+ton1 laugh+1 ,i am afraid !re are v few ( u deeply v]s$ en\gh 9 hi/ory to detect 8 del9qu5cies1 or ev5 to say :e!r !y h be5 committ$4 ,!re may be1 = aught ,i "k1 "s cases 7( inf9ite importance ( c\rse7 9 :i* he has repres5t$ an ev5t z hav+ tak5 place on ! #bj? ( ,dec4 #afic2 :]eas x took place on ! #c;d ,jan4 #afid2 or he may h said t ,sir ,?omas ,nobody 0 ! son ( ano!r ,sir ,?omas ,nobody1 :]eas two or ?ree antiqu>ians c inconte/ably prove t he 0 ! son ( ,sir ,john ,nobody1 & nephew ( ! above4 ,to me1 ,i confess1 he appe>s di/+ui%$ sc>cely m by ! spl5dor ( 8 imag9ation ?an by ! opul5ce ( 8 k1 & ! imp]ial comm& :i* he possesses ov] x4 ,b1 9 tru?1 ! accuracy or o!rwise ( hi/ory1 :5 x is at all remote1 is a matt] 9 :i* ,i feel less int]e/ ?an ,i once did4 ,i read1 inde$1 ,mr4 ,macaulay ) p]petual r5ewal ( wond] & delight4 ,b ?\gh ,i believe t 8 vivid pictures are ! result1 ( a fai?ful use ( 8 mat]ials1 yet1 if ,i mu/ confess ! full ext5t ( my scepticism1 8 "w1 & e o!r "w :i* involves a ref]5ce to ev5ts :i* transpir$ only a c5tury or two ago1 is poison$ z hi/ory by ! suspicion t to asc]ta9 ! tru? is impossible4 ,i "k x mu/ be s1 if ! pr9ciples ( y\r favorite ,/rauss are to be receiv$2 & yet x seems s absurd1 t ,i am sometimes incl9$1 on t acc\nt alone1 to laugh at ,/rauss's criticisms1 j z ,david ,hume did at 8 own speculative d\bts :5 he got into society & sat d[n to backgammon ) a fri5d4 ,at o!r times1 z ,i say1 ! :ole field ( hi/oric inve/igation seems m or less ! t]ritory ( scepticism4 ,i "k n1 said ! o!r1 h[ y c ju/ify any su* g5]al scepticism f any ?+ t ,/rauss has writt54 ,d y n8 & yet ,i ?9k x is a p]fectly legitimate inf]5ce4 ,does n ,/rauss argue t c]ta9 discrepancies are to be obs]v$1 c]ta9 app>5t contradictions & inconsi/5cies detect$1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t n>ratives2 & t !re=e we are to reckon1 if n ! :ole1 yet by f> ! l>g] "p1 z utt]ly fabul\s or d\btful1 my?ic or leg5d>y8 ,n[1 ,i _c b feel1 on ! o!r h&1 t ^! n>ratives are z /rik+ly m>k$ by all ! usual indications ( hi/oric tru?fulness z any hi/oric writ+s 9 ! _w4 ,! artlessness1 simplicity1 & speciality ( ! n>rative1--a c]ta9 inimitable tone & air ( reality1 e>ne/ness1 & c&or1--! g5]al h>mony ( ^! s-call$ sacr$ writ]s ) !mselves & ) pr(ane au?ors 7q z g5]al1 to say ! lea/1 z usually di/+ui%es o!r n>ratives by diff]5t h&s71--above all1 ! long-conceal$1 & yet mo/ num]\s 'co9cid5ces' :i* lie deep b5ea? ! surface & :i* only a v indu/ri\s m9d br+s to light2 co9cid5ces :i*1 if +5uity _h be5 subtle en\gh to fabricate1 t same +5uity w\ld h be5 too sagaci\s to conceal s deep1 & :i* are too num]\s & /rik+ 7"o w\ld imag9e7 to be ! effect ( accid5t2--all ^! ?+s1 ,i say1 w\ld seem to argue 7if any ?+ c7 ! integrity ( ! n>rative4 ,yet all ^! ?+s mu/ necess>ily1 ( c\rse1 g = no?+1 on ,/rauss's hypo!sis4 ,!re are1 y say1 c]ta9 discrepancies1 & f !m y proce$ to conclude t ! n>rative is unc]ta91 & unwor?y ( cr$it2 t1 if !re be a residuum ( tru? at all1 no man c "k ) any c]ta9ty :at or h[ mu* x is4 ,we mu/ !re-=e leave ! :ole problematical4 ,n[ ! "q comes1 :e!r we mu/ n 9 consi/5cy apply ! same pr9ciple fur!r2 &1 if s1 :e!r we c f9d 9 any hi/ory :atev] /rong] m>ks ( cr$ibility2 :e!r any 0 ev] submitt$ to an exam9ation m sev]e1 or s sev]e2 :e!r any c boa/ ( a l>g] numb] ( m9ds1 ( ! fir/ ord]1 giv+ _! ass5t to x4 ,let me /op y !re1 said ! o!r2 y mu/ consid] t ^? m9ds 7 prejudic$ 9 favor ( ! conclusion4 ,!y 7 incl9$ to believe ! sup]natural wond]s :i* ^! pret5d$ hi/orians retail4 ,h[ diff]5tly m5 may argue ) ! same premises6 ,i 0 ab\t to m5tion ! suspicion atta*+ to miracul\s n>ratives1 z atte/+ 7,i /ill ?9k s1 not)/&+ y\r obs]vation7 t /ress & pressure ( suppos$ hi/oric cr$ibility "u :i* s _m p[]ful m9ds--m9ds _m ( !m ( ! fir/ ord]--h felt !mselves compell$ to receive ^! hi/ories z true1 9 spite ( su* ob/acles4 ,surely1 y d n ?9k t a miracle is 9 our age1 or has be5 = _m ages1 an antec$5t gr\nd ( cr$ibility2 or t if a hi/ory does n conta9 en\gh ( !m1 z ?is assur$ly does1 x is c]ta9 to be believ$4 ,no2 d n y ) ,/rauss cont5d t a miracle is n to be believ$ at all1 because x contradicts uni=m exp]i5ce8 ,& yet ?\s&s ( p[]ful m9ds h believ$ ! tru? ( ^! hi/oric records aga9/ all ?is uni=m exp]i5ce6 ,_! prejudices aga9/ x mu/ surely h be5 /rong] ?an ^? = x4--,b to resume ! /atem5t ( my difficulties4 ,i say ! "q returns :e!r !re is any hi/ory 9 ! _w :i* ei!r pres5ts 9 inexplicable m>ks ( hi/oric cr$ibility1 or 9 :i* z num]\s & equally inexplicable discrepancies _c be discov]$4 ,if !re be none1 !n h[ f> %all we adopt & c>ry out ! pr9ciples ( ,/rauss8 = if we c>ry !m out ) rigid equity1 ! :ole field ( hi/ory is ab&on$ to scepticism3 x is h5ce=? ! doma9 ( d\bt & cont5tion2 z1 9 tru?1 a v l>ge "p ( x 9 ,g]many has already become1 9 virtue ( ^! v pr9ciples4 ,mu* ( pr(ane hi/ory is ab&on$1 z well z ! sacr$2 & ,hom] becomes z mu* a %ad[ z ,*ri/4 ,y seem1 said ,rob9son1 to be almo/ 9 ! condition to ent]ta9 ,dr4 ,:ately's +5i\s ',hi/oric ,d\bts' t\*+ ! exi/5ce ( ,napoleon ,bonap>te6 99 99 ,are ! +5i\s ,hi/oric ,c]ta9ties1 by ,ari/> hus ,newlight1 f ! same admirable m9t8--,,ed4 ,i believe t x is simply our proximity to ! ev5ts :i* r5d]s x difficult to ent]ta9 !m4 ,if ! injuries ( "t & ! caprice ( =tune %\ld 9 ! remote future leave z l>ge gaps 9 ! evid5ce1 & z l>ge scope = +5i\s plausibilities1 z 9 relation to ! remote pa/1 ,i believe multitudes w\ld f9d no difficulty 9 ent]ta9+ ^? 'd\bts4' ,!y seem to me p]fectly well argu$1 & absolutely conclusive on ! hi/oric canons on :i* ,/rauss's "w is con/ruct$1--namely1 t if y f9d :at seem discrepancies & improbabilities 9 a reput$ hi/ory1 ! mass ( t hi/oric texture 9 :i* !y are f\nd may be reg>d$ z my?ical or fabul\s1 d\btful or false4 ,if y say ! pr9ciples ( ,/rauss are false1 t is ano!r matt]4 ,i %all n ?9k x wor? :ile to conte/ _! tru? or _! falsehood ) y4 ,b if y adh]e to !m1 ,i w take ! lib]ty ( %[+ y t y d n hold !m consi/5tly1 if y ?9k any remote hi/ory is to be reg>d$ z absolutely plac$ beyond d\bt4 ,well1 if y w be grave1 said ,rob9son1 ?\gh1 ^u my ^w4 ,i ?\ght y 9 je/1--is x possible t y d n see t !re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 reject+1 on ! same gr\nd ( discrepancies1 ! cr$ibility ( ! n>ratives ( ! ,gospel1 & t ( any common hi/ory8 ,i mu/ hone/ly confess1 !n1 t ,i d n1 if ! discrepancies1 z ,/rauss alleges1 & n some?+ else1 is to be assign$ z ! cause ( _! rejection4 ,if inde$1 l "s crim9als "u despotic gov]nm5ts1 !y are appreh5d$ & convict$ on a c]ta9 *>ge1 b really hang$ = an entirely diff]5t reason1 ,i c und]/& t !re may be policy 9 ! proce$+2 b ,i d n compreh5d its argum5tative hone/y4 ,be pleas$1 !re=e1 7t ,i may =m "s conclusion17 to tell me :at are ^? circum/ances :i* s wond]fully discrim9ate ! discrepancies 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t hi/ories f ^? 9 o!r hi/ories1 z t ! inevitable consequ5ce ( f9d+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( discrepancies 9 ! =m] leads to ! rejection ( ! entire1 or ne>ly entire1 docum5ts 9 :i* !y are f\nd1 :ile _! pres5ce 9 o!r hi/ories ev5 to a f> great] ext5t %all n au?orize _! rejection at all1 or ! rejection only ( ! p>ts 9 :i* ! discrepancies are f\nd4 ,& yet ,i ?9k ,i c guess4 ,well1 :at d y guess8 ,t y ?9k t ! miracul\s nature ( ! ev5ts :i* =m a portion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t hi/ory makes a great diff]5ce 9 ! case4 ,& d n y8 ,i _c say ,i d3 = ?\gh x is d\btless ,/rauss's pr9cipal object to get rid ( ^! miracles1 x is n z miracles1 b z hi/ory1 t 8 canons ( hi/oric criticism are appli$ to !m4 ,x is z hi/ory t he attacks ! books 9 :i* !y are conta9$4 ,8 weapons are direct$ aga9/ ! miracles1 inde$2 b x is only by pi]c+ ! hi/ory1 ) :i* alone ! suppos$ discrepancies _h ally ?+ to d4 ,b ,i _c conceive t ! hi/oric discrepancies occurr+ 9 connection ) su* topics mu/ n h m weight atta*$ to !m ?an if !y occurr$ 9 any o!r hi/ory4 ,?is is because y h already resolv$ t miracles are impossible on totally diff]5t gr\nds4 ,b y may see ! fallacy 9 a mom5t4 ,talk ) a man :o does n believe miracles a priori impossible1 & t1 ?\gh ( c\rse improbable 7o!rwise !y w\ld be none1 ,i suppose71 ! au!ntication ( a div9e revelation is a suffici5t reason = _! be+ wr\ght1 & he evades y\r argum5t4 ,y are !n compell$1 y see1 to ?r[ y\rself exclusively ^u ! alleg$ hi/oric discrepancies2 !y become y\r sole weapon2 & if x pi]ces ! ,new ,te/am5t hi/ory1 ,i want to "k :e!r x does n equally pi]ce all o!r remote hi/ory too8 ,9 tru?1 if1 z y & ,mr4 ,fell[es agree1--,i only d\bt1--a miracle is impossible1 no?+ c 7z ,i ?9k7 be m /range1 ?an t1 in/ead ( repos+ 9 t simple fact1 :i* y say is demon/rable1 y %\ld fly to hi/oric pro(s4 ,& d y n ?9k t miracles are impossible & absurd8 ,i ?9k no?+1 because1 z ,i told ,fell[es ! o!r day1 ,i am half incl9$ to d\bt :e!r ,i d\bt :e!r a miracle is possible or n1 l a g5u9e sceptic z ,i am4 ,& ?is d\bt1 y see1 ev5 ( a d\bt1 makes me cauti\s4 ,b to resume4 ,if t pr9ciple be s\nd1 x seems mu* m natural to adh]e to x ?an to attack ! ,gospels z hi/ory4 ,/rauss1 h[ev]1 has ?\ght o!rwise2 & :ile he has left ?is ma9 dictum unprov$1--nay1 has n ev5 attempt$ a pro( ( x1--he has endeavor$ to %ake ! hi/oric "* ( ^! records1 treat+ !m l any o!r records4 ,i say1 !re=e1 t to adduce ! circum/ance t ! n>rative is miracul\s1 is no?+ to ! purpose1 until ! impossibility ( miracles is prov$2 & !n1 :5 ?is is prov$1 x is unnecess>y to adduce ! discrepancies4 ,if on ! o!r h&1 a man has no difficulty 7z ! ,*ri/ian1 = example7 9 believ+ miracles to be possible1 & t !y h really occurr$1 ,/rauss's argum5t1 z ,i h said1 is evad$2 & ! seem+ discrepancies c d no m aga9/ ! cr$ibility ( ! ,new ,te/am5t hi/ory1 ?an equal discrepancies c prove aga9/ any o!r docum5t4 ,i w1 if possible1 make my mean+ pla9 by yet ano!r example4 ,let u suppose "s ,walt] ,scott _h compil$ "s purely fictiti\s hi/ory1 pr(ess$ly laid 9 ! ,middle ,ages 7& surely ev5 miracul\s occurr5ces _c be m unreal ?an ^! products ( %e] imag9ation72 & suppose "s critic _h engag$ to prove x fiction f int]nal evid5ce suppli$ by contradictions & discrepancies1 & s on1 w\ld y n ?9k x /range if he 7 to en=ce t argum5t by say+1 ',& besides all ?is1 :at is m suspici\s is1 t !y occur 9 a "w ( imag9ation6' ,w\ld y n say1 ',le>n$ sir1 we humbly ?\ght ?is 0 ! po9t y 7 engag$ 9 mak+ out8 ,is x n to assume ! v po9t 9 debate8 ,& if x be true1 w\ld x n be bett] to /op !re at once1 in/ead ( tak+ u s circuit\s a road to ! same result1 :i* we p]ceive y _h already rea*$ be=eh&8 ,are y n a little l t wor?y ,mayor :o told ,h5ri ,quatre t he _h n9ete5 good reasons = omitt+ to fire a salute on 8 ,maje/y's arrival2 ! fir/ ( :i* 01 t he _h no artill]y2 :]eupon 8 ,maje/y graci\sly told him t he might sp>e ! rema9+ eighte58' ,s ,i %\ld say 9 ! suppos$ case4--,to return1 !n3 y mu/1 if y w\ld consid] ! validity ( ,/rauss's argum5t1 lay aside ! miracul\s objection1 :i* mu/ be decid$ on q diff]5t gr\nds1 & :i*1 9 fact1 if valid1 settles ! controv]sy )\t 8 critical aid4 ,all :o read ,/rauss's book ei!r believe t miracles are impossible1 or n2 ! =m] ne$ n 8 criticisms1--!y h already arriv$ at ! result by a %ort] road2 ! latt] c only reject ! hi/ory by suppos+ ! discrepancies 9 x1 z hi/ory1 ju/ify !m4 ,i ask y1 !n1 suppos+ y "o :o1 l ! ,*ri/ian1 believes miracles possible1 :e!r ^! hi/oric discrepancies w\ld ju/ify y 9 say+ t ! ,new ,te/am5t records1 consid]$ simply z hi/ory1 no long] des]ve cr$it1 & t y are left 9 absolute ignorance h[ mu* ( !m1 or :e!r any "p1 is to be receiv$1--ay or no8 ,well1 !n1 ,i %\ld say t ,/rauss has %[n t ! hi/ory1 z hi/ory1 is to be reject$4 ,v well2 only !n d n be surpris$ t1 9 virtue ( su* conclusions1 ,i d\bt :e!r y ought n to pu% ! pr9ciple a little fur!r1 & cont5d t1 z !re are no writ+s 9 ! _w :i* to be> m m>ks ( hi/oric s9c]ity & tru/wor?9ess1 & c]ta9ly none ( any magnitude or v>iety 9 :i* f> great] discrepancies are n to be f\nds1 x is d\btful :e!r we c receive any ?+ z absolutely v]itable hi/ory2 & t ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 & ,gospel ( ,luke1 & ,hi/ory ( ,l+>d1 & ,hi/ory ( ,hume1 are alike cov]$ ) a mi/ ( sceptical obscurity4 ,b really1 ,mr4 ,h>r+ton1 ?is is absurd & prepo/]\s6 ,x may be s2 b y mu/ prove x1 & n simply cont5t y\rself ) affirm+ x4 ,i am1 at all ev5ts1 m consi/5t ?an y1 :o tell ! man :o does n see y\r a priori objection to ! belief ( miracles1 t a hi/ory :i* c]ta9ly conta9s z _m m>ks ( hi/oric v]acity z any hi/ory 9 ! _w1 & discrepancies nei!r great] nor m num]\s1 mu/ be r$uc$ 7n9ety-n9e hundr$?s ( x7 to my? on acc\nt ( ^? discrepancies1 :ile ! o!rs may /ill legitimate _! claims to be consid]$ z g5u9e hi/ory6 ,y\r only escape1 z ,i conceive1 f ?is dilemma1 is1 by say+ t ! m>ks ( hi/oric tru? 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 look$ at z m]e hi/ory1 are n s great z ^? ( o!r hi/ories1 or t ! discrepancies are great]2 & ,i ?9k ev5 y w n v5ture to ass]t t4 ,b if y d1 & *oose to put x on t issue1 ,i %all be mo/ happy to try ! crit]ion by exam9+ ,luke & ,paul1 ,mat!w & ,m>k1 on ! "o side2 & ,cl>5don & ,may1 or ,hume1 ,l+>d1 & ,macaulay1 on ! o!r2 or1 if y pref] !m1 ,livy & ,polybius1 or ,tacitus & ,josephus4 ,b ,i h be?\ght me ( ano!r answ]1 said ,rob9son4 ,suppose ! sacr$ writ]s affirm t e syllable !y utt] is infallibly true1 be+ inspir$8 ,:y1 !n1 said ,h>r+ton1 fir/1 y mu/ f9d su* a passage1 :i* _m say y _c2 secondly1 y mu/ f9d "o :i* says t e syllable w\ld rema9 always infallibly true1 9 spite ( all errors ( transcription & corruptions ( "t1 o!rwise y\r discrepancies w n t\* ! writ]s2 & la/ly1 x does n affect my argum5t :e!r y f9d any su* absurdities or n1 s9ce y & ,i w\ld "k :at to say1 ?\gh ! ,*ri/ian w\ld n l to say x2 namely1 t ^! writ]s 7 mi/ak5 9 ! notion ( _! pl5>y inspiration4 ,x w\ld /ill leave ! mass ( _! hi/ory to be dealt ) l any o!r hi/ory4 ,n[ ,i want to "k :y1 if ,i reject ! mass ( t on ! gr\nd ( c]ta9 discrepancies1 ,i mu/ n reject ! mass ( ?is on ! score ( equal or great]4 ,aft] a few m9utes ,h>r+ton turn$ to ,fell[es & said1--,t 9 relation to ! bulk ( mank9d !re c be no au!ntic hi/ory ( remote ev5ts pla9ly appe>s f a /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,newman4 ,he says1 y "k1 aft] hav+ rel9qui%$ ! inve/igation ( ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 t he might h sp>$ mu* we>y ?\ght & useless labor1 if1 at an e>li] "t1 ?is simple tru? _h be5 press$ ^u him1 t s9ce ! 'poor & half-educat$ _c inve/igate hi/orical & lit]>y que/ions1 !re=e ^! que/ions _c con/itute an ess5tial "p ( religion4' ,y1 if y recollect1 m5tion$ x to my uncle ! o!r night2 &1 9 spite ( :at he repli$1 x does appe> a weighty objection2 on ! o!r h&1 if ,i admit x to be conclusive1 ,i seem to be driv5 to ! mo/ p>adoxical conclusions1 at direct v>iance ) ! exp]i5ce ( all mank9d1--at lea/ s !y say4 ,= :y _c an hi/orical fact con/itute "p ( a religion8 ,because1 z ,mr4 ,newman says1 x is impossible t ! bulk ( p call h any 'c]ta9ty 9 relation to su* remote facts ( hi/ory1 said ,fell[es4 ,&1 !re=e1 9 relation to any o!r remote hi/ory2 = if ! bulk ( m5 _c obta9 c]ta9ty on1 su* hi/orical que/ions1 nei!r c !y obta9 c]ta9ty on o!r hi/orical que/ions4 ,p]haps n2 b !n :at does x matt]1 9 t case1 :e!r !y c obta9 c]ta9ty or n8 ,i am n talk+--,i am n ?9k+--z to :e!r x w\ld matt] or n4 ,i m]ely rem>k t1 9 relation to ! g5]ality ( p1 at all ev5ts1 !y _c obta9 c]ta9ty on any remote hi/orical que/ions4 ,( c\rse1 ) reg>d to ord9>y hi/ory1 x is nei!r a man's duty1 /rictly speak+1 to believe or disbelieve2 & !re=e ,i said no?+ ab\t duty4 ,b 9 nei!r ! "o case nor ! o!r is x possible = ! bulk ( mank9d to obta9 satisfaction1 f a p]sonal inve/igation1 z to ! facts ( remote hi/ory1 or inde$ any hi/ory at all1 except ( a man's own life & t p]haps ( 8 own family1 up to 8 fa!r & d[n to 8 son6 ,:at d y say to ?is1--yes or no8 ,i d n "k t ,i %\ld object to say t ! great bulk ( mank9d nev] c obta9 a suffici5tly c]ta9 k ( any fact ( hi/ory to w>rant _! belief ( x4 ,v consi/5t1 ,i ?9k2 = y d\btless p]ceive t if we say !y c obta9 a reasonable gr\nd ( assurance ( ! facts ( remote hi/ory1--s t1 if any ?+ did or does dep5d on _! believ+ x1 !y are truly 9 possession ( a w>rant = act+ on t belief1--,i say y !n see :i!r our argum5t1 ,mr4 ,newman's & y\rs & m9e1 is go+2 x vani%es1--oi*etai1 z ,socrates w\ld say4 ,if1 = example1 m5 c atta9 reasonable c]ta9ty 9 relation to ,alfr$ & ,cromwell1 alas6 !y may d ! l 9 ref]5ce to ,*ri/2 & _m p]sons w say mu* m easily4 ,n[1 ) my too habitual scepticism1 ,i confess to a feel+ ( difficulty "h4 ,y "k !re are ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s among/ u1 :o1 if y ask$ respect+ ! hi/ory ( ,alfr$ ! ,great or ,oliv] ,cromwell1 w\ld glibly repeat to y all ! pr9cipal facts ( ! /ory1--z !y suppose2 & if y ask !m :e!r !y h ev] inve/igat$ critically ! s\rces :5ce !y _h obta9$ _! k1 !y w say1 ,no2 b t !y h read ! ?+s 9 ,hume's ,hi/ory2 or1 p]haps1 7save ! m>k67 9 ,goldsmi?'s ,abridgm5t6 ,b !y are pr(\ndly ignorant ( ev5 ! names ( ! pr9cipal au?orities1 & h nev] inve/igat$ "o ( ! _m d\btful po9ts :i* h p]plex$ hi/orians2 nay1 z to mo/ ( !m1 are n ev5 aw>e t !y exi/4 ,yet no?+ c be m c]ta91 ?an t _! suppos$ k w\ld embrace by f> ! mo/ important conclusions at :i* ! mo/ accurate hi/orians h arriv$4 ,x w\ld be pr9cipally 9 a suppos$ ju/] compreh5sion ( m9or po9ts--( details--t ! latt] w\ld h an advantage ov] !m2 comp5sat$1 h[ev]1 by a 'pl5tiful assortm5t' ( d\bts on o!r po9ts1 f :i* ^! simple s\ls are free2 d\bts :i* are ! direct result ( m ext5sive inve/igation1 b :i* c sc>cely be ?\ght additions to our k2--!y are r additions to our ignorance4 ,! impressions ( ! mass ( read]s on all ! ma9 facts ( ! two memorable p]iods respectively w\ld be ! same z ^? ( m accurate critics4 ,n[ :at ,i want to "k is1 :e!r y w\ld admit t ^! sup]ficial inquir]s--! bulk ( y\r dec5t c\ntrym51 recollect--c be said to h an intellig5t belief 9 any su* hi/ory2 :e!r y ?9k !m ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t !y are c]ta9 ( ! sub/antial accuracy ( _! impressions1 & t !y may laugh 9 y\r face 7:i* !y assur$ly w\ld d7 if y told !m t x is possible t ,alfr$ may h exi/$1 & be5 a wise & patriotic pr9ce2 & t probably ,oliv] ,cromwell 0 ,protector ( ,engl&1 & di$ 9 #afeh2 b t really !y "k no?+ ab\t ! matt]4 ,( c\rse !y w\ld affirm t !y are z assur$ ( ! sub/antial accuracy ( _! impressions z ( _! own exi/5ce1 repli$ ,fell[es4 ,b :at answ] d y ?9k !y ought to give1 my fri5d8 ,d y ?9k t !y c affirm a reasonable gr\nd ( belief 9 ^! ?+s8 ,i confess ,i ?9k !y c4 ,ah6 !n ,i fe> y are grossly inconsi/5t ) ,mr4 ,newman's pr9ciples1 & mu/ s f> di/ru/ 8 argum5t aga9/ hi/oric religion4 ,if y ?9k t ?is ready ass5t to remote hi/oric ev5ts may pass = a reasonable conviction & an intellig5t belief1 ,i _c see :y x %\ld be m difficult to atta9 a simil> confid5ce 9 ! g5]al results ( a religi\s hi/ory2 & 9 t case x may also become m5's duty to act ^u t belief4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if x be n possible to obta9 ?is degree ( satisfaction 9 ! latt] case1 nei!r = simil> reasons w x be 9 ! =m]4 ,if y hold ,mr4 ,newman's pr9ciples consi/5tly1 see+ t nei!r 9 ! "o case nor ! o!r c ! bulk ( mank9d atta9 t sort ( critical k :i* he supposes necess>y to c]ta9ty1 y ought to d5y t any common man has any bus9ess to say t he believes t he is c]ta9 ( ! ma9 facts 9 ! hi/ory ei!r ( ,alfr$ or ,cromwell4 ,y d n surely mean to comp>e ! importance ( a belief 9 ! "o case ) ! importance ( a belief 9 ! o!r8 rejo9$ ,fell[es4 ,i d n2 & c z little disguise f myself t su* a "q has no?+ to d ) ! matt]4 ,! duty 9 ! "o case dep5ds entirely on ! "q :e!r su* a conviction ( ! accuracy ( ! ma9 facts & m memorable ev5ts1 z may pass = moral c]ta9ty1 & ju/ify its language & acts1 be possible or n4 ,if1 f a want ( capacity & opportunity = a ?or\gh inve/igation ( all ! conditions ( ! problem1 x be n 9 ! "o case1 nei!r w x be 9 ! o!r4 ,if ?is be a fallacy1 be pleas$ to prove x su*1--,i %all n be sorry to h x s prov$4 ,b at pres5t y seem to me grossly inconsi/5t 9 ?is matt]4 ,i h also my d\bts 7to speak frankly7 :e!r we mu/ n apply ,mr4 ,newman's pr9ciple 7to ! great relief ( mank9d7 9 o!r mo/ mom5t\s que/ions1 9 :i* ! notion ( duty _c be exclud$1 b ent]s z an ess5tial elem5t4 ,i _c help fancy+1 t1 if 8 pr9ciple be true1 mank9d ought to be mu* oblig$ to him2 = he has exempt$ !m f ! necessity ( act+ 9 all ! mo/ important affairs ( life4 ,= example1 y are1 ,i "k1 a great political philan?ropi/2 y plead = ! duty ( enlight5+ ! masses ( ! p on political que/ions1 --( mak+ !m intellig5tly acqua9t$ ) ! ma9 po9ts ( political & economical sci5ce4 ,y d n despair ( all ?is8 ,i c]ta9ly d n1 said ,fell[es4 ,a mo/ hopeless task1 said ,h>r+ton1 on ,mr4 ,newman's pr9ciple4 ,! que/ions on :i* y seek to enlight5 !m are1 _m ( !m1 ( ! mo/ intricate & difficult "*1--are1 all ( !m1 dep5d5t on pr9ciples1 & involve controv]sies1 ) :i* ! great bulk ( mank9d are no m compet5t to deal ?an ) ,newton's ',pr9cipia4' ,an easy1 & (t5 errone\s ass5t1 on ill-compreh5d$ data1 is all t y c expect ( ! mass2 & h[ c x be _! duty1 :5 x may (t5 be _! ru91 to act ^u ?is8 ,a sup]ficial k is all t y c give !m2 ?or\gh inve/igation is out ( ! "q4 ,mo/ m51 ,i fe>1 w cont9ue to believe x at lea/ z possible = ! common p to =m a judgm5t on ! validity ( ,paley's ',evid5ces1' z on ! reason+s ( ,smi?'s ',political ,economy4' ,!y w say1 if ! common p c be suffici5tly sure ( _! conclusions 9 ! latt] case to take action ^u !m1--t is1 to r5d] action a duty1--! l is possible 9 ! =m]4 ,%\ld y n hold by y\r pr9ciple1 & say1 t1 z f ! difficulty ( ! inve/igation x is n possible = ! bulk ( mank9d to atta9 su* a degree ( c]ta9ty z to make belief 9 an 'hi/orical religion' a duty1 s nei!r1 = ! l reason1 c x be _! duty to come to any def9ite conclusion1 or to take any def9ite action1 9 relation to ! equally difficult que/ions ( politics1 legislation1 political economy1 & a v>iety ( o!r sci5ces8 ,i w take ano!r case4 ,i believe y w n d5y t y are pr(\ndly ignorant ( m$ic9e1 nor t1 ?\gh ! mo/ necess>y1 x is at ! same "t ! mo/ difficult & unc]ta9 ( all ! sci5ces4 ,y "k t ! great bulk ( mank9d are z ignorant z y\rself2 nay1 "s affirm t physicians !mselves are ab\t z ignorant z _! pati5ts2 x is c]ta9 t1 9 ref]5ce to _m classes ( disease1 doctors take ! mo/ opposite views ( ! appropriate treatm5t1 & ev5 treat disease 9 g5]al on pr9ciples diametrically oppos$6 ,a m mis]able condition = an unhappy pati5t c h>dly be imag9$4 ,?\gh our own life1 or t ( our de>e/ fri5d 9 ! _w1 hangs 9 ! balance1 x is impossible = u to tell :e!r ! art ( ! doctor w save or kill4 ,i d\bt1 !re=e1 :e!r y ought n to conclude1 f ! pr9ciple on :i* we h already said s mu*1 t ,god _c h made x a poor wret*'s duty to take any /ep :atev]2 nay1 s9ce ev5 ! m$ical man himself (t5 confesses t he does n "k :e!r ! rem$ies he uses w d h>m or good1 x may be a "q :e!r he himself ought n to rel9qui% 8 pr(ession1 at lea/ if x be a duty 9 man to act only 9 cases 9 :i* he c =m some?+ bett] ?an conjectures4 ,well1 said ,fell[es1 laugh+2 & "s ev5 9 ! pr(ession itself say1 t p]haps x might n be amiss if ! pati5t nev] call$ 9 su* equivocal aid1 & all[$ himself to die1 n secundum artem1 b secundum naturam4 ,& yet ,i fancy t1 9 ! sudd5 illness ( a wife or *ild1 y w\ld s5d to ! fir/ m$ical man 9 y\r /reet1 or ! next1 ?\gh y might be ignorant ( 8 "n1 & he might be almo/ z ignorant ( 8 pr(ession2 at lea/1 t is :at ! g5]ality ( mank9d w\ld d4 ,!y c]ta9ly w\ld4 ,b yet1 ^u y\r pr9ciples1 h[ c x be _! duty to act on su* sl5d] probabilities1 or1 r1 m]e conjectures1 9 cases s inf9itely important8 ,i "k n h[ t may be1 b x is assur$ly necess>y4 ,well1 !n1 %all we say x is only necess>y1 b n a duty8 ,b !n1 if 9 a case ( su* importance ,god has made x ?us necess>y = man to act 9 su* ignorance1 p w say he may possibly h left !m 9 some?+ less ?an absolute c]ta9ty 9 ! matt] ( an 'hi/orical religion4'--,ah6 x is impossible to unravel ^! difficulties4 ,i only "k1 t1 if ! pr9ciple be true1 !n z m5 9 g5]al _c =m any reasonable judgm5t1 n only on ! pr9ciples ( m$ical sci5ce1 b ev5 on ! k & skill ( any p>ticul> pr(essor ( x1 7by _! ludicr\s mis-e/imate ( :i* !y are daily dup$ bo? ( money & life to an enorm\s ext5t17 x _c be _! duty to take any /eps 9 ?is matt] at all4 ,! fair application1 !re=e1 ( ! pr9ciple 9 "q w\ld1 z ,i say1 save mank9d a great deal ( tr\ble2--b1 alas6 x involves u philosoph]s 9 a great deal4 ,i _c help ?9k+1 said ,fell[es1 t y h c>icatur$ ! pr9ciple4 ,& he appeal$ to me4 ,h[ev] ludicr\s ! results1 said ,i1 ( ,h>r+ton's argum5t1 ,i d n ?9k t 8 repres5tation1 if ! pr9ciple is to be fairly c>ri$ out1 is any c>icature at all4 ,! absurdity1 if any:]e1 is 9 ! pr9ciple aim$2 viz4 t ,god _c h con/itut$ x man's duty to act1 9 cases ( v imp]fect k1 & yet we see t he has p]petually compell$ him to d s2 nay1 (t5 9 a condition next door to />k ignorance4 ,to v9dicate ! wisdom ( su* a con/itution may be impossible2 b ! fact _c be d5i$4 ,! ,*ri/ian admits ! difficulty alike 9 relation to religion & to ! affairs ( ?is _w4 ,he believes1 ) ,butl]1 t 'probability is ! guide ( life'2--t man may h suffici5t evid5ce1 9 a ?\s& cases1--v>y+1 h[ev]1 9 diff]5t individuals1--to w>rant 8 action1 & a reasonable confid5ce 9 ! results1 ?\gh t evid5ce is v f> remov$ f c]titude2--t simil>ly ! mass ( m5 are ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t !y "k a ?\s& facts ( hi/ory to be true1 ?\gh !y nev] _h ! opportunity1 or capacitor1 ( ?or\ghly inve/igat+ !m1 & t ! great facts ( sci5ce are true1 ?\gh !y may "k no m ( sci5ce ?an ( ! geology ( ! moon2--t ! /atesman1 ! lawy]1 & ! physician are ju/ifi$ 9 act+1 :]e !y yet are compell$ to ackn[l$ge t !y act only on mo/ unsatisfactory calculations ( probabilities1 & amid/ a ?\s& d\bts & difficulties2--t y1 ,mr4 ,fell[es1 are ju/ifi$ 9 endeavor+ to enlight5 ! common p on _m important subjects connect$ ) political & social sci5ce1 9 :i* x is yet q c]ta9 t n "o 9 a hundr$ ?\s& c ev] g to ! bottom ( !m2 ( :i* v few c d m ?an atta9 a r\gh & crude notion1 & 9 :i* ! bulk mu/ act solely because !y are p]suad$ t o!r m5 "k m ab\t ! matt]s 9 "q ?an !mselves2--all :i*1 say we ,*ri/ians1 is true 9 relation to ! ,*ri/ian religion1 ! evid5ce = :i* is pla9]1 aft] all1 ?an t on :i* man 9 t5 ?\s& cases is necessitat$ to haz>d 8 =tune or 8 life4 ,if y foll[ out ,mr4 ,newman's pr9ciple1 ,i ?9k y mu/ ) ,h>r+ton lib]ate mank9d f ! necessity ( act+ altoge!r 9 all ! mo/ important relations ( human life4 ,if x be ?\ght n only h>d t m5 %\ld be call$ p]petually to act on defective1 grossly defective evid5ce1 b /ill h>d] t !y %\ld possess v>y+ degrees ev5 ( t evid5ce1 x may be said t ! diff]5ce p]haps is r app>5t ?an real4 ,^? :om we call pr(\ndly v]s$ 9 ! m difficult matt]s :i* dep5d on moral evid5ce1 are virtually 9 ! same condition z _! humbl] neighbors2 !y are pr(\nd only by comp>ison ) ! sup]ficiality ( ^! la/4 ,:]e m5 mu/ act1 ! decisive facts1 z 0 said 9 relation to hi/ory1 may be pretty equally grasp$ by all2 & z = ! re/1 ! enl>gem5t ( ! circle ( a man's k is1 9 a /ill great] proportion1 ! enl>gem5t ( ! circle ( 8 ignorance2 = ! circumscrib+ p]iph]y lies 9 d>kness4 ,d\bts1 9 proportion to ! advance ( k1 spr+ up :]e !y 7 be=e unkn[n2 & ?\gh ! previ\s ignorance ( ^! 0 n k1 ! k ( !m 7z ,h>r+ton has said7 is little bett] ?an an increase ( our ignorance4 ,if1 z y suppose1 x _c be our duty to act 9 ref]5ce to any 'hi/orical religion' because a satisfactory inve/igation is impossible to ! mass ( mank9d1 ! argum5t may be retort$ on y\r own !ory4 ,y ass]t1 inde$1 t 9 relation to religion we h an int]nal 'spiritual faculty' :i* evades ?is difficulty2 yet m5 p]si/ 9 say+1 9 spite ( y1 t x is d\btful1--#a/1 :e!r !y h any su*2 #b;d1 :e!r1 if !re be "o1 x be n s debau*$ & sophi/icat$ by o!r faculties1 t !y c no long] tru/ x implicitly2 #c;d1 :at is ! am\nt ( its g5u9e utt]ances2 #d?1 :at t ( its ab]rations2 #e?1 :e!r x is n s dep5d5t on developm5t1 education1 & association1 z to leave room en\gh = an auxili>y ext]nal revelation2--on all :i* que/ions ! g5]ality ( mank9d are j z incapable ( decid+1 z ab\t any hi/orical "q :atev]4 ,"h ,fell[es 0 call$ out ( ! room4 ,h>r+ton1 :o _h be5 glanc+ at ! newspap]1 exclaim$1--,talk ab\t ! conditions on :i* man is left to act inde$6 ,only ?9k ( 8 gross ignorance & folly be+ left a prey to su* quack adv]tisem5ts z half fill ?is column4 ,"h empirics e day almo/ invite m5 to be immortal = ! small *>ge ( half a cr[n4 ,"h is a panacea = ne>ly e disease "u heav5 9 ! %ape ( "s div9e elixir1 &1 :at is m1 we "k t ?\s&s are gull$ by x4 ,h[ satisfactory is t condition ( ! human intellect 9 :i* quack promises c be pr(f]$ ) any plausible *ance ( success6 ,i told him ,i ?\ght ! sci5ce ( m$ic9e w\ld yield an argum5t aga9/ religi\s sceptics :i* !y w\ld f9d x v difficult to reply to4 ,h[ s8 ,ah6 x is well mask$2 b ,i "k y too well to all[ me to d\bt t y suspect :at ,i am ref]r+ to4 ,^u my ^w1 ,i am all 9 ! d>k4 ,is !re n1 said ,i1 a close analogy betwe5 ! condition ( m5 9 ref]5ce to ! heal? ( _! bodies & ! sci5ce by :i* !y hope to cons]ve or re/ore x1 & ! heal? ( _! s\ls & ! sci5ce by :i* !y hope to cons]ve or re/ore t8 ,has n ,god plac$ !m 9 precisely ! same difficulty & p]plexity 9 bo? cases1--nay1 z ,i ?9k1 9 great] 9 relation to m$ic9e1--& yet is n man mo/ will+ & eag] to apply to its mo/ problematic aid1 imp>t$ ev5 by ! mo/ ignorant practition]s1 r ?an be )\t x altoge!r8 ,! possession :i* man holds mo/ valuable 9 ?is _w1 & mo/ m51 alas6 m valuable ?an aught 9 any o!r _w1--,,life itself1--is at /ake2 x is subject$ to a sci5ce1 or r an art1 prov]bially difficult 9 !ory & unc]ta9 9 practice1 ab\t :i* !re h be5 t5 ?\s& v>ieties ( op9ion1 --:imsically correspond+ to ! div]sity ( sect1 cre$1 & prie/hood1 on :i* sceptics l y lay s mu* /ress2 9 :i* ev5 ! wise/ & mo/ cauti\s practition]s confess t _! art is at be/ only a species ( guess+2 :ile ! pati5t c no m judge ( ! rem$ies he cons5ts1 ) s mu* fai?1 to swall[ on ! k ( him :o prescribes !m1 ?an he c ( ! p]turbations ( ,jupit]'s satellites4 ,yet ! mom5t he is sick1 away he goes to ?is dubi\s oracle1 & tru/s x ) a mo/ in/ructive fai? & docility1 z if x 7 infallible4 ,all 8 d\bts are ma/]$ 9 an in/ant4 ,i /rongly suspect y\rs w\ld be4 ,ought y n 9 consi/5cy to refuse to act at all 9 su* deplorable defici5cy ( evid5ce8 ,well1 said he1 consi/5t or inconsi/5t1 x mu/ be admitt$ t ! p>allel is v complete1--& amus+4 ,& he !n w5t on1 z he 0 apt to d1 :5 an analogy /ruck 8 fancy4 ,let me see1--yes1 our unlucky race is condemn$ to put its mo/ valu$ possession on ! haz>d ( a wise *oice1 )\t any ( ! ess5tial qualifications = wisely mak+ x2 a man _c at all tell :e!r 8 p>ticul> prie/ 9 m$ic9e und]/&s & c skilfully apply ev5 8 own !ory4 ,yes1 he w5t on1 & ,i ?9k 7z y say7 we might f9d1 n only 9 ! p>tisans ( diff]5t sy/ems ( physic1 ! repres5tatives ( ! v>i\s prie/hoods1 b 9 _! too cr$ul\s--or %all we say1 too fai?ful pati5ts8 --! repres5tatives ( all sects4 ,!re is1 = example1 ! sup]/iti\s vulg> 9 m$ic9e1--! gross wor%ipp] ( ! ,feti%1 :o believes 9 ! efficacy ( *>m1 & spell1 & incantation1 ( m]e c]emonial & opus op]atum2 !n !re is ! poly!i/1 :o w adore any ?+ 9 ! %ape ( a drug1 & :o is cont9ually quack+ himself ) "s no/rum or o!r f morn+ to night2 :o n only takes 8 regul> physician's prescriptions1 b has 8 h\sehold gods ( empirical rem$ies1 to :i* he applies ) equal devotion4 ,!n !re is ! ,romani/ 9 m$ic9e1 :o swe>s by ! infallibility ( "s papal ,ab]ne?y1 & ! unfail+ efficacy ( "s viaticum ( a blue pill4 ,& :o1 said ,i1 w\ld repres5t our fri5d :o has j left ! room1 & :o has tri$ e ?+8 ,:y1 he repli$1 ,i ?9k he is 9 ! condition ( a little boy ( :om ,i he>d a little :ile ago1 ^: "m 0 a homoeopa?i/1 & kept a little *e/1 f :i* %e disp5s$ to h] family & fri5ds1 p]haps z skilfully z ! doctor himself c\ld h done4 ,! little fell[1 go+ into h] dress+-room1 op5$ ?is box1 &1 ?9k+ t he _h fall5 on a score ( 'millions' 7z *ildr5 call !m71 swall[$ up 8 "m's :ole doctor's %op be=e he c\ld be /opp$4 ,x 0 happy1 said ! doctor1 :5 call$ 91 t ! little pati5t _h swall[$ s _m1 or he w\ld h be5 infallibly kill$4 ,or p]haps we may lik5 our fri5d to t humor\s travell]1 ,mr4 ,/eph5s1 :o tells u1 t1 hav+ be5 provid$ at ,cairo1 by a skilful physician !re1 ) a numb] ( rem$ies = "s s]i\s compla9t to :i* he 0 subject1 f\nd1 to 8 dismay1 :5 suff]+ "u a sev]e p>oxysm 9 ! =tress ( ,akaba1 t he _h lo/ ! directions :i* told him 9 :at ord] ! m$ic9es 7 to be tak54 ,:e!r pill1 p[d]1 or draught 0 to come fir/1 he knew n3 'on :i*1' says he1 '9 a fit ( desp]ation1 ,i plac$ !m all 9 a r[ be=e me1 & resolv$ to swall[ !m all s]ialim till ,i obta9$ relief4' ,george has equal fai?4 ,y h omitt$1 said ,i1 "o "*1--t ( ! sceptic1 :o believes 9 no m$ic9e at all2 :o /urdily dies ) 8 d\bts unresolv$1 & unatt5d$ by any physician4 ,b x mu/ be confess$ t he is a /ill r>] "* ?an ! sceptic 9 religion4 ,nature1 my de> ,h>r+ton1 ev]y:]e decides aga9/ y4 ,i ackn[l$ge1 he said1 t we are b a scanty flock 9 any dep>tm5t ( life2 b1 ^u my ^w1 ! p>allel y h sugge/$ is s /rik+1 t ,i ?9k ,i mu/ 9 consi/5cy1 ext5d my scepticism to physic at lea/1 &1 if ,i am ill1 refra9 f avail+ myself ( s unc]ta9 an art1 practis$ by su* unc]ta9 h&s & :i* are to be select$ by "o :o _c ev5 guess :e!r !y are ignorant or skilful2--doctors1 :o may p]haps1 z ,voltaire said1 put drugs ( :i* !y "k no?+ into bodies ( :i* !y "k /ill less4 ,act ^u t resolution1 ,h>r+ton1 said ,i1 & y w at lea/ be consi/5t3 b1 dep5d ^u x1 nature w confute y4 ,:y1 said he1 je/+ly1 p]haps 9 ! case ( m$ic9e1 at all ev5ts1 ,i might face ! consequ5ces ( scepticism'4 ,i rememb] read+1 9 "s acc\nt ( ,madagasc>1 t ! natives are absolutely )\t ! heal+ art2 '& yet1' says ! au?or1 ) grave surprise1 'x is n obs]v$ t ! numb] ( dea?s is increas$4' ,p]haps1 ?\ght ,i1 t is ! cause ( x4 ,! /ati/ics1 ,i repli$1 ( m civiliz$ c\ntries amply refute y1 & %[ y t1 unc]ta9 z is ! evid5ce on :i* ,god has de/9$ & compell$ m5 to act 9 ?is1 ! mo/ important affair ( ! pres5t life1 & absolute z is ! fai? !y are summon$ to ex]cise1 nei!r is ! /udy ( ! art 7unc]ta9 z x is 9 itself71 nor ! dep5d5ce ( pati5ts ^u x 7/ill m prec>i\s z t is71 unju/ifi$ on ! :ole by ! result2 & z to ! abuses ( d[nright quack]y1 a little prud5ce & common s5se are requir$1 & are suffici5t to pres]ve m5 f !m4 ,he mus$1 &1 ,i ?\ght1 seem$ /ruck by ?is analogy betwe5 man's temporal & spiritual condition ,i said no m1 hop+ t he w\ld pond] x4 ,july #be4 ,i _h be5 s mu* int]e/$ 9 ! discussion betwe5 ,h>r+ton & "y ,rob9son on ! fair application ( ! pr9ciple ( ,/rauss to hi/ory 9 g5]al1 t ,i c\ld n resi/ ! temptation to tell ! y\?1 9 secret1 t ,i ?\ght ! matt] w\ld admit ( fur!r discussion1 & t he w\ld d well to *all5ge ,h>r+ton plausibly to %[ t "s und\bt$ mod]n ev5t might1 :5 x became remote hi/ory1 be r5d]$ dubi\s to po/]ity4 ,he will+ly act$ on ! h9t ! next morn+4 ,to "s rem>k ( 81 ,h>r+ton repli$ ?us3-- ,assum+ ) y1 t ,/rauss has really ca/ suspicion on ! hi/oric "* ( ! bulk ( ! transactions record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,i mu/ suspect t !re is n an ev5t 9 hi/ory1 if at all remote1 :i*1 argu+ exactly on ! same pr9ciples1 may n be made d\btful2 & t is-- ,:y1 n[1 repli$ ! o!r1 d y ?9k x possible t ! ev5ts ( ! pres5t ye> 7ref]r+ to ! ,papal ,aggression71 :i* are mak+ su* a prodigi\s noise 9 ,engl&1 w ev] /& a *ance ( be+ simil>ly treat$ "s c5turies h5ce8 ,if !y are ev] treat$ at all1 said ,h>r+ton2 b y mu/ h obs]v$ t x is ! t5d5cy ( man to make ridicul\s miss-e/imates ( ! importance ( ! transactions ( 8 own age1 & to imag9e t po/]ity w h no?+ to d b to rec\nt !m4 ,he is mu* mi/ak52 !y =get or c>e n a doit = n9e t5?s ( :at he does2 & misrepres5t ! t5?1 cont9u$ he1 laugh+4 ,well1 !n1 ^u ! supposition t ,pio ,nono & ,c>d9al ,wiseman are ( suffici5t importance to be rememb]$ at all eighte5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s h5ce1 t is1 9 ! ye> #cgjj ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 --?\gh 9 all probability "s new & m rational epo* w h jo/l$ out bo? ! ,*ri/ian era ! ,mahometan hegira by t "t-- ,pray be sure1 int]rupt$ ,i1 be=e y pr$ict a new epo*1 t x w be want$2 t ,*ri/ianity is really dead be=e y bury h]4 ,y w please rememb] t ! exp]im5t 0 tri$ 9 ,france ) mu* =mality1 b someh[ came to a spe$y ignom9i\s conclusion2 ! new era did n survive infancy4 ,z ,paulus ?9ks t ,*ri/ 0 only 9 a trance :5 he seem$ to be dead1 s x c]ta9ly (t5 is 7figuratively speak+7 ) 8 religion3 x seems to be dead :5 x is only 9 a trance4 ,x is apt to rise aga91 & be m active ?an ev]2 & nev] m s ?an :51 z 9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 our infidel und]tak]s 7 provid+ = its fun]al4 ,b ,i beg y\r p>don = int]rupt+ y\r conv]sation2 y 7 say+-- ,i 0 say+1 said ,rob9son1 t ,i d\bt :e!r ,c>d9al ,wiseman & 8 do+s1 eighte5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s h5ce1 c\ld be z mu* ! subject ( d\bt & controv]sy 7if rememb]$ at all7 z ! ev5ts :i* ,/rauss has %[n to be unhi/orical4 ,i ?9k ! press alone1 ) its diffusion & multiplication '( ! s\rces ( k1 w alone prev5t 9 ! future ! d\bts :i* ga!r ov] ! pa/4 ,!re w nev] aga9 be ! same de>? ( hi/oric mat]ials4 ,9 spite ( all t1 repli$ ,h>r+ton1 ,i suspect x w be v possible = m5 to ent]ta9 ! same d\bts ab\t _m ev5ts ( our "t1 eighte5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s h5ce1 z !y ent]ta9 ( _m :i* happ5$ eighte5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago4 ,i c h>dly imag9e ?is to be possible4 ,because1 ,i appreh5d1 fir/1 t y are labor+ "u ! delusion already m5tion$1 by :i* m5 ev] magnify ! importance ( ! ev5ts ( _! own age1 & =get h[ readily future g5]ations w let !m slip f _! memory1 & let docum5ts :i* conta9 ! record ( !m slip out ( exi/5ce2 &1 secondly1 because y d n give y\rself "t to realize all t is impli$ 9 suppos+ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s to h elaps$1 nor to transport y\rself fairly into t di/ant age4 ,z to ! fir/2--let u recollect t ! importance ( hi/orical ev5ts is by no means 9 proportion to ! excitem5t !y produce at ! "t ( _! occurr5ce4 ,we h _m exemplifications ( ?is ev5 9 our own "t2 see ! rapidity ) :i* e trace ( a political /orm1 :i* = a mom5t may h la%$ ! :ole nation into fury1 is appeas$ aga93 ! surface is z smoo? aft] a few %ort ye>s z if x _h nev] be5 ruffl$ at all6 ,9 all su* cases1 ! con/ant t5d5cy is to let ! ev5ts :i* h be5 ?us transi5t 9 _! effects s9k into oblivion4 ,b ev5 ( ^? :i* h be5 f> m significant1 7s9ce ea* future age w teem ) fre% ev5ts equally significant1 all claim+ a "p 9 ! page ( g5]al hi/ory17 ! importance w be p]petually dim9i%+ 9 e/imate1 & /ill m 9 int]e/1 f ! int5s] feel+ ) :i* ea* age w 9 turn reg>d ! ev5ts :i* /& 9 imm$iate proximity to its own4 ,z "t rolls on1 all ( ! pa/ t c be sp>$ w be gradually jo/l$ out4 ,details w be lo/2 & !n1 :5 remote ages turn to re9ve/igate ! half-=gott5 pa/1 ! want ( ^? details w issue 9 ! cu/om>y problems & 'hi/oric d\bts4' ,9 ! page ( g5]al hi/ory1 ev5ts ( a remote age1 except ^? ( a surpass+ int]e/1 w be r$uc$ to m & m meagre outl9es1 till abridgm5ts are abridg$1 & ev5 ^! comp5diums ?\ght t$i\s4 ,! int]val betwe5 decade & decade n[ w be z mu* z t betwe5 c5tury & c5tury !n4 ,hi/ory w h to employ a sort ( ,bramah press 9 h] compositions1 & its application w compress into m]e films ! loose & pulpy textures submitt$ to x by ea* age4 ,let human vanity ?9k :at x w1 _m ev5ts & _m names :i* seem imp]i%able w spe$ily die out ( remembrance2 _m lights 9 ! firmam5t1 de/9$ 7z we deem7 to %9e 'l ! />s = ev] & ev]1' w h]eaft] be miss+ f ! catalogue ( ! hi/oric a/ronom]4 ,b1 at all ev5ts1 said ! o!r1 ?\gh !re are ?\s&s ( facts :i* w be virtually =gott51 x w be at all times easy to asc]ta9 7if a suffici5tly /rong motive exi/7 ! real "* ( pa/1 ev5ts by a ref]5ce to ! docum5ts pres]v$ by ! press4 ,! press1--! press x is :i* w pres]ve u f ! d\bts ( ! pa/4 ,i d\bt t4 ,has !re be5 any lack ( hi/oric controv]sy respect+ a ?\s& facts :i* h transpir$ s9ce ! press 0 9 full activity8 ,y =get1 t1 9 ! fir/ place1 nei!r ! press1 nor any ?+ else1 c pres]ve any orig9al docum5ts4 ,"t w n be inactive 9 ! future m ?an 9 ! pa/2 x w h no m respect = pr9t$ books ?an = manuscripts4 ,an imm5se mass ( pr9t is e ye> sil5tly p]i%+ by m]e decay4 ,! orig9al docum5ts to :i* y ref] w1 eighte5 hundr$ ye>s h5ce1 h almo/ all p]i%$2 few w be pres]v$ except 9 copies1 & h[ _m disputes t alone w cause1 x is h>d to say2 b we may =m "s guess f ! exp]i5ce ( ! pa/4 ,( ?\s&s ( ^! docum5ts1 aga91 no importance hav+ be5 atta*$ to !m1 & no "o hav+ imag9$ t any importance w\ld ev] be atta*$ to !m1 no copies w h be5 tak51 & !re w be "h aga9 ! usual field = conjectures4 ,?is is a common trick ( "t2--sil5tly de/roy+ :at a pres5t age ?9ks may z well be left to 8 maw4 ,x is n ev5 discov]$ t valuable docum5ts are lo/1 till some?+ turns up to make mank9d wi% !y may be f\nd4 ,b nei!r is ?is ! sole nor ! *ief s\rce ( future hi/oric d\bts4 ,d n flatt] y\rself too mu* on ! wond]s :i* ! press c "w1 among/ :i* "o unque/ionably is1 t x w bury at lea/ z mu* z x w pres]ve4 ,sev]al consid]ations w suffice to %[ t "h1 too1 we labor "u a delusion4 ,oblivion w practically cov] _m ev5ts1 ow+ to ! m]e accumulations ( ! press itself4 ,y talk ( ! ease ( consult+ 'orig9al docum5ts'2 b :5 !y lie buri$ 9 ! dep?s ( national museums1 amid/ m\nta9 loads ( =gott5 & decay+ lit]ature1 x w n be s easy1 ev5 suppos+ ! pres5t activity ( ! press only ma9ta9$ = eighte5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s 7al?\gh1 9 all probability1 x w proce$ at a rapidly increas$ ratio71--,i say x w n be s easy to lay y\r h&s on :at y want4 ,! mat]ials1 aga91 w (t5 exi/ by t "t 9 dead or half-obsolete languages1 or at lea/ 9 languages full ( ar*aic =ms4 ,x w be almo/ z difficult to une>? & collate ! docum5ts :i* be> ^u any ev5ts less ?an ! mo/ mom5t\s1 z to recov] ! memorials ( ,egypt f ! pyramids1 or ( anci5t ,assyria f ! m\nds ( ,n9eveh4 ,! hi/orian ( a remote p]iod mu/ be a sort ( ,belzoni or ,lay>d4 ,if we c suppose any ?+ s extravagant z t ! ,briti% ,museum w be 9 exi/5ce !n1 hav+ pres]v$ dur+ ^! c5turies 7z x does n[7 all new hooks1 & accumulat$ anci5t & =eign lit]ature only at ! rate x has dur+ ^! few ye>s pa/1 ! libr>y alone w ext5d ov] hundr$s ( acres at lea/4 ,?is1 unless our po/]ity are fools1 c h>dly be ! case2 & !re=e mu* w be reject$ & left to ! m]cy ( ! great de/roy]4 ,b ! v exi/5ce ( any su* repository is itself a v d\btful supposition4 ,compreh5sive1 inde$1 may be ! de/ruction ( _m l>ge portions ( our ar*ives1 ess5tially necess>y to m9ute accuracy at s di/ant a date2 nay1 ,engl& h]self may h ceas$ to exi/4 ,if h] subt]ranean fuel be n exhau/$1 a *eap] & equally abundant supply ( x may h be5 f\nd else:]e1 & transf] = ev] ! *ief elem5ts ( h] manufactur+ or comm]cial prosp]ity2 or entirely new & m transc5d5t s\rces ( sci5ce may h done ! same ?+1 & our c\ntry may be left1 l a /r&$ vessel1 to rot ^u ! bea*6 ,h] furnaces ext+ui%$1 h] manufactories des]t$1 h] cities decay$1 ! hum ( h] busy population sil5c$1 %e may pres5t a spectacle ( desolation l t ( s _m o!r fam\s nations :i* h ris51 culm9at$1 & set = ev]4 ,or1 int]rupt$ ,i1 7& may ,god av]t ! om567 ! same ru9 may be accompli%$ /ill e>li]1 & by m pot5t causes4 ,h] nobles en]vat$ by luxury1 h] l[] classes sunk 9 vice & ignorance1 & bo? ! "o & ! o!r decay+ 9 piety & religion 7a sure result ( neglect+ t ,bible :i* has directly & indirectly =m$ h] /r5g?71 %e may h fall5 a victim to ! consequ5ces ( h] own deg5]acy1 or to an irresi/ible comb9ation ( ! enemies :o envy & hate h]4 ,t picture ( ! spl5did imag9ation ( ! great hi/orian ( our day may be realiz$1 ':5 "s travell] f ,new ,zeal& %all1 9 ! mid/ ( a va/ solitude1 take 8 /& on a brok5 ar* ( ,london ,bridge to sket* ! ru9s ( ,/4 ,paul's4' ,9 %ort1 resum$ ,h>r+ton1 9 sev]al ways t appall+ cata/rophe may h tak5 place2 &1 %\ld ?is be ! case1 h[ _m que/ions w be ask$ ( hi/ory1 b ask$ 9 va96 ,z = ,rome1--:at o!r great "n 9 ! pres5t /rife pitt$ aga9/ ,engl&1--= aught we c tell1 %e may by t "t be 9 desolation f> m rem$iless ?an :5 ! grim ,attilas & ,al>ics /orm$ h] walls4 ,= aught we "k1 ! ag5cy ( ^? t]rible elem5ts :i* m or less m9e ! soil ( ,italy may h made h] 'l unto' ,h]culaneum or ,pompeii2 or t sil5t desolat]1 ! mal>ia1 :i* ,dr4 ,arnold ?9ks w be p]petual & w increase1 may long be=e t p]iod h r$uc$1 n only ! ,campagna ( ,rome1 b ! :ole region ( ! 'sev5 hills1' to a pe/il5tial solitude4 ,b all ?is is m]e vision8 said ,rob9son4 ,c]ta9ly2 b x is ! vision ( ! possible4 ,simil>ly wond]ful & equally unexpect$ revolutions h tak5 place 9 ! hi/ory ( pa/ nations & empires 9 a less space ( "t2 & "s enorm\s *anges1 we "k1 mu/ happ5 dur+ ! next eighte5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s2 & !y w t5d bo? to jo/le out ?\s&s ( ev5ts ( mean] mom5t1 & to effect a comp>ative de/ruction ( ! memorials ( ! pa/4 ,y d n suppose1 ,i presume1 t ,london & ,rome are absolutely privileg$ f ! fate :i* has ov]tak5 ,babylon & ,memphis4 ,i1 = "o1 !re=e1 d n expect t ! "t w arrive :51 9 ! hi/oric inve/igations ( ! pa/1 our ,/rausses w n f9d abundant scope = +5i\s !ories2 nay1 _m real s\rces ( p]plexity ev5 9 ref]5ce to ev5ts :i*1 at ! "t ( _! occurr5ce1 seem$ writt5 z ') a p5 ( iron on ! rock = ev]4' ,b ev5 suppos+ no o!r difficulty1 ,i _c lay small /ress ^u ! m]e accumulation ( mat]ials on :i* ! hi/orian1 two ?\s& ye>s h5ce1 w h to op]ate1 if he w\ld recov] an exact acc\nt ( ! ev5ts ( our "t4 ,x is mu* ! same :e!r y h to dig into ! pyramids ( ,egypt1 or into ! catacombs ( ! buri$ lit]ature ( two ?\s& ye>s1 = ! memorials :i* are to enable y to arrive at ! exact tru?1 at lea/ z to any ev5ts ( transi5t int]e/1 h[ev] important at ! "t ( _! occurr5ce4 ,x w be l 'hunt+ = a ne$le 9 a bundle ( hay1' z ! prov]b says4 ,/ill1 ,i _c imag9e t facts l ^? ) :i* our e>s h be5 r++ dur+ ! la/ eight mon?s1 c ev] be conte/$4 ,c y n8 said ,h>r+ton4 ,i _c imag9e any ?+ m likely ?an t1 eighte5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s h5ce1 su* an ev5t1 on ,/rauss's pr9ciples1 may be %[n to be v problematical4 ,w y endeavor to %[ h[ x may probably be8 rejo9$ ,rob9son4 ,well1 ,i h no objection1 if y w give me till ?is ev5+ to prep>e s important a docum5t4 ,9 ! ev5+1 aft] supp]1 he amus$ u by read+ u a brief pap]1 entitl$ ,,! ,,papal ,,aggression ,,%[n ,,to ,,be ,,impossible4 ,i %all proce$ on ! supposition t "s ,dr4 ,dickkopf or ,dr4 ,s*>fs9n1 = ei!r "n w d1 has to deal 7z my uncle "h believes our mod]n critics h to deal 9 ! ,gospels7 ) an acc\nt lit]ally true4 ,?is le>n$ man ,i %all imag9e z exi/+ 9 "s nation at ! antipodes eighte5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s h5ce1 & intellectually1 if n lit]ally1 desc5d$ f "s erudite critics ( our age4 ,let me fur!r suppose t ! pr9cipal memorials ( ! curr5t ev5ts are f\nd 9 ! page ( "s cont9uator ( ,macaulay 7may ! ,fates h pity on him6 ,i am afraid he w be f> worse ?an ev5 ,smollett aft] ,hume71 :o publi%es 8 "w only sixty ye>s h5ce4 ,let u suppose him 7z surely we well may7 proce$+ ?us3 ',dur+ ! ye> #ahej-ea1 our c\ntrym5 are repres5t$ to u1 by ! acc\nts ( ^? :o liv$ at ! "t 7"s few /ill survive71 z hav+ be5 9 a condition ( political & religi\s excitem5t almo/ unprec$5t$ 9 _! hi/ory4 ,x 0 occasion$ by ! attempt ( ! ,pope to ree/abli% ! ,roman ,ca?olic hi]>*y1 :i* _h be5 ext9ct s9ce ! ,re=mation4 ,z ^! ev5ts1 ?\gh all-absorb+ to ! actors 9 !m1 7z are s _m o!rs ( v second>y importance17 h n[ %runk to _! true dim5sions1 & are1 9 fact1 inf9itely less mom5t\s ?an o!rs :i* 7 sil5tly transpir+ at ! "t almo/ )\t notice1 ,i %all cont5t myself ) simply cond5s+ a brief contemporane\s docum5t :i* gives ! *ief po9ts1 )\t passion or prejudice1 9 a n>rative s simple t x v\*es = its own v]acity3-- ,)\t p]mission ( ! ,cr[n1 or any negotiations ) ! ,gov]nm5t :atev]1 ,pope ,plus ! ,n9? divid$ ! :ole ( ,engl& into twelve sees1 & assign$ ^! to z _m ,roman ,ca?olic bi%ops ) local titles & t]ritorial jurisdiction4 ,! *ief ( !m 0 "o ,ni*olas ,wiseman 7by bir?1 x is said1 a ,spani>d71 :o 0 creat$ ,ar*bi%op ( ,we/m9/] & ,c>d9al4 ',! said ,wiseman issu$ a pa/oral lett]1 :i* 0 read on ! #bg? day ( ,octob]1 #ahej1 9 all ! *ur*es & *apels ( ! ,romani/s1 congratulat+ ,ca?olic ,engl& on ! ree/abli%m5t ( ! ,roman hi]>*y4 ,9 x he us$ ! />tl+ expression1 ,our belov$ c\ntry has be5 re/or$ to its orbit 9 ! ecclesia/ical firmam5t1 f :i* its light _h long vani%$4 ',! nation 0 ! m surpris$ at all ?is1 inasmu* z ! position ( ,pio ,nono 0 n su* z to w>rant any expectation ( a /ep s audaci\s4 ,little m ?an a ye> _h elaps$ s9ce 8 own subjects 9 ,rome itself rebell$ aga9/ him1 murd]$ 8 ,prime ,m9i/]1 & compell$ him1 9 ! disguise ( a m5ial1 to fly f ,rome2 nor 0 he re/or$ except by ! arms ( ! ,fr5*1 :o besieg$ & took ,rome 9 #ahdi4 ',t ! ,pope1 :ile hold+ 8 own little dom9ions on s prec>i\s a t5ure1 %\ld v5ture to assume su* an ex]cise ( supremacy ov] ! mo/ p[]ful nation 9 ! _w1--a nation s jeal\s ( its indep5d5ce1 :i* _h s long be51 & :i* /ill 01 mo/ av]se to 8 claims1--seem$ almo/ incr$ible to ! p ( ,engl&2 & !y 7 proportionably indignant4 ',"s affirm$ t ! a=esaid ,c>d9al ,wiseman 0 ! *ief cause ( x all1--! spectacle ( _m conv]sions f ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& to t ( ,rome hav+ deceiv$ him into a notion t ! national m9d 0 f> m g5]ally dispos$ to receive ,romanism2 & to make up ! long-/&+ brea* ) ! ,papacy1 ?an 0 really ! case4 ,! pr9cipal cause ( ! conv]sions above m5tion$ 0 :at 0 call$ ! ,ox=d ,movem5t4 ,9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d _h sprung up a body ( m5 :o _h consecrat$ _! lives to ! diffusion ( doctr9es indef9itely ne> ^? ( ,rome4 ,!y spoke ( ! ,re=mation contemptu\sly2 advocat$ v _m1 obsolete rites & usages2 magnifi$ ! p[] ( ! *ur* & ! pr]ogatives ( ! prie/hood4 ,_m ( !m1 at l5g?1 f9d+ t !y c\ld n1 ) any %ad[ ( consi/5cy1 rema9 9 ! ,engli% *ur*1 ab&on$ x2 b _m o!rs rema9$1 & propagat$ ! same op9ions ) impunity4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ z traitors by _! bre?r51 ?\gh no /eps 7 tak5 to prev5t !m f tea*+ _! notions1 nor to deprive !m ( _! b5efices & emolum5ts4 ,among ^? :o gave up _! liv+s1 ( _! own accord1 f ! feel+ t !y c\ld n hold !m ) a safe consci5ce1 ! pr9cipal 0 "o aft]w>ds call$ ,fa!r ,newman4 ',n[ ?is ,newman mu/ by no means be conf\nd$ ) ano!r ( ! same "n1 ,pr(essor ,newman1--9 fact 8 own bro!r1--:o 0 also educat$ at ,ox=d1 b ^: hi/ory 0 9 mo/ s+ul> contra/ ) 84 ,:ile ! "o bro!r w5t ov] to ,rome1 exce$$ 9 zeal & cr$ulity ev5 ! ,romani/s !mselves1 & sigh$ = a re/oration ( m$iaeval pu]ilities1 ! o!r laps$ into d[nright infidelity1 & d5i$ ev5 ! possibility ( an ext]nal revelation4 ',v _m ?\ght1 t1 if ! ,ox=d p>ty _h be5 wise en\gh to proce$ m g5tly 9 ! propagation ( _! notions1 !y w\ld h accompli%$ mu* great] ?+s1 & p]haps ev5tually br\ght ! popul> m9d to embrace ! ,romi% ,*ur*4 ,b _! lat] publications 7& especially ,no4 #ij7 op5$ ! eyes ( _m1 & ! frequ5t defections f ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 :i* 7 almo/ daily ann\nc$ 9 ! pap]s1 op5$ ! eyes ( _m m4 ',b :e!r or n ,wiseman & o!r pr9cipal p]sons 7 misl$ by errone\s repres5tations ( ! /ate ( ! ,engli% m9d1 c]ta9 x is t he advis$ ! ,pope to take ?is p]il\s /ep4 ,! ,pope 0 p]suad$2 he assur$ ! p ( ,engl&1 t he %\ld n cease to supplicate ! ,virg9 ,m>y & all ! sa9ts ^: virtues _h made ?is c\ntry illu/ri\s1 t !y w\ld deign to obta91 by _! int]cessions ) ,god1 a happy issue to 8 ent]prise4 ',! excitem5t produc$ by ! publication ( ! ,pope's proce$+s ?r\gh\t ,engl& 0 prodigi\s1 & c h>dly be conceiv$ by u at ?is day4 ,e c\nty1 city1 & almo/ e t[n1 held meet+s 9 ! utmo/ al>m & indignation2 & resolv$ on petition+ ! ,que5 & ,p>liam5t to d some?+ or o!r to prev5t ! ,pope's measures f tak+ effect2 & especially to annul all claims to local & t]ritorial jurisdiction 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! univ]sities2 ! cl]gy 9 _! dioceses2 ! ,bi%ops collectively1--ev5 ,philpotts ( ,exet]1 ?\gh intoxicat$ ) zeal = ^? ,ox=d notions :i* _h done all ! mis*ief2 ! municipalities2 almo/ all organiz$ bodies1 :e!r ( ,*ur*m5 or ,diss5t]s2--discuss$ & resolv$4 ,among/ ^! meet+s "o 0 held at ! ,guildhall ( ,london1 :i* 0 cr[d$ ) ! m]*ant pr9ces ( t great city1 & all t c\ld repres5t its weal?1 intellig5ce1 & en]gy4 ,"o ,ma/]man op5$ ! proce$+s1 made a vehem5t spee* aga9/ ! ,bi%op ( ,rome & 8 pret5sions1 & propos$ a /r+5t resolution1 :i* 0 c>ri$ by acclamation4 ',at a d9n] giv5 by ! ,"l ,mayor1 at :i* 7 pres5t _m ( ! ,m9i/]s ( ! ,cr[n1 ! ,"l ,*ancellor ,wilde spoke v boldly1 &1 z "s ?\ght1 unadvis$ly1 on 8 possible future relations to ! ,c>d9al4 ',c>d9al ,wiseman publi%$ a subtle def5ce ( himself & ! ,popi% measure1 :i* he address$ to ! p ( ,engl&2 &1 :e!r consi/5tly or inconsi/5tly1 plead$ 9 ! mo/ /r5u\s mann] = ! inviolable obs]vance ( ! pr9ciples ( religi\s lib]ty4 ',a s+ul> & inde$ inexplicable circum/ance occurr$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is controv]sy4 ,9 a lecture1 deliv]$ at ! ,hanov] ,squ>e ,rooms1 a c]ta9 ,presbyt]ian cl]gyman _h ass]t$ t ! oa? prescrib$ 9 ! ,pontificale ,romanum1 :i* ! ,c>d9al ,wiseman mu/ h tak5 to ! ,pope :5 he receiv$ ! ,pallium z ,ar*bi%op ( ,we/m9/]1 notori\sly conta9$ a clause enjo9+ ! duty ( p]secution4 ,?is clause1 a faceti\s ,engli%man said1 ought to be translat$1 ,i w p]secute & pit* into all h]etics to ! utmo/ ( my p[]2 & e "o knew t ! ,pope ( ,rome look$ ^u ! ,engli% z ! greate/ h]etics 9 ! _w4 ',:5 ,wiseman he>d ( ! repres5tations ?us made1 he caus$ 8 secret>y to write to ! ,prote/ant lectur]1 to say t ! clause 9 ! oa? to :i* he _h ref]r$ 0 n insi/$ ^u1 9 8 7! ,c>d9al's7 case1 by ! ,pope1 & t1 if 8 calumniator *ose to g to ! ,c>d9al's libr>y1 he w\ld see t x 0 cancell$ 9 8 copy ( ! ,pontifical4 ,! ,prote/ant accept$ 8 *all5ge & w5t to ! said libr>y4 ,he 0 !n %[n ! oa?1 & f\nd ! clause 9 "q1 totidem v]bis2 n cancell$1 h[ev]1 b m>k$ (f by a l9e 9 black ink drawn ov] x1 & 7z x seem$7 v rec5tly4 ',pamphlets 7 publi%$ on ?is curi\s circum/ance on bo? sides2 ! ,roman ,ca?olics cont5d$ t ! m]e fact ( ,wiseman's *all5ge 0 a suffici5t pro( ( 8 consci\sness ( rectitude4 ',on ! :ole1 aft] half a ye> ( p]petual agitation1 bo? 9 & out ( ,p>liam5t1 a measure 0 pass$ :i* 0 notori\sly inadequate to suppress ! (f5ce1 & :i* 0 brok5 ) impunity4 ',x is gratify+ to add1 t1 not)/&+ ! dang]\s & vehem5t excitem5t :i* s long inflam$ ! m9ds ( ! p1 no life 0 lo/ except on "o occasion4 ,! suff]]--contr>y to :at might h be5 expect$--0 ( ! dom9ant p>ty a policeman1 :o 0 endeavor+ to repress ! p>ty viol5ce ( "s ,iri% ,ca?olics 9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl&4' ,n[ x ne$ n be said1 proce$$ ,h>r+ton1 t ^! s5t5ces conta9 :at is p]fectly well kn[n by y--= myself ,i say no?+--to be ! m]e/ matt] ( fact1 n>rat$ 9 ! simple/ language1 )\t any art or embelli%m5t4 ,w\ld y l to he> h[ ,dr4 ,dickkopf1 ( ,new ,zeal&1 or ,kamts*atka1 or ,caffre-l&1 might treat su* a docum5t eighte5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s h5ce1 amid/ t imp]fect light :i* we well "k re/s ^u s _m portions ( ! pa/1 & :i* may1 v possibly1 be felt 9 ! future8 ,i ?9k x w\ld n be difficult = him to %[ t ! ',papal ,aggression' 0 impossible4 ,we w1 at lea/1 li/5 to y1 said ,rob9son4 ,let u suppose1 !n1 "s le>n$ ,!ban /umbl+ ^u ?is brief record ( an obscure ev5t1 &1 z usual1 mak+ 7if only because he _h discov]$ :at nobody 9 ! _w ei!r knew or c>$ ab\t7 a huge comm5t>y ^u x2 conclud+ f ! int]nal evid5ce1 ! simplicity ( ! /yle1 ! abs5ce ( all imag9able motives = misrepres5tation1 & "s ext]nal corroborative fragm5ts pa9fully glean$ f ! hi/ory ( ! p]iod1 t ^! s5t5ces =m$ a g5u9e1 lit]al1 hi/oric acc\nt ( c]ta9 ev5ts :i* transpir$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! ye> #ahej4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 w\ld ( itself be suffici5t to make t5 ,dr4 ,dickkopfs turn to & prove ! contr>y2 & any "o ( !m1 ,i imag9e1 might1 & probably w\ld1 ?us reply4 ,excuse 8 clumsy /yle4 ,he w\ld say3-- ',t !re may h be51 & v probably 01 "s nucleus ( fact :i* may h s]v$ z a gr\ndwork = ^! pseudo-hi/orical memorials1 is n d5i$3 b to reg>d t docum5t ( :i* x is pr(ess$ly a cond5sation z a g5u9e record ( ! p]iod 9 "q1 c only1 we conceive1 be ! infelicity ( an ess5tially uncritical m9d4 ,mo/ evid5tly1 :e!r we reg>d ! kn[n ev5ts & relations ( t age 7z f> z !y h come d[n to u7 or ! int]nal *>act]i/ics ( ! docum5t itself1 we discov] unequivocal traces ( an unhi/oric orig94 ,let u look at bo? ^! s\rces ( evid5ce 9 ord]4 ,if we mi/ake n1 ! docum5t1 ev5 z x n[ /&s1 be>s on its v front1 t ! orig9al docum5t1 s f> f be+ a lit]al description ( ! ev5ts ( ! "t to :i* x pr(ess$ly relat$1 0 allegorical1 or at mo/ hi/orico- allegorical1 & mo/ likely design$ broadly to c>icature & satirize "s p]ceiv$ t5d5cies or conditions ( ! ,engli% religi\s developm5t 9 c]ta9 p>ties ( t age4 ,b :e!r x be1 or be n1 r$ucible to ! class ( allegorieo-ecclesia/ico- political satire1 c]ta9ly no p]son ( critical disc]nm5t c = a mom5t all[ x to be a lit]al /atem5t ( hi/oric ev5ts4 ,& fir/ to look at ! int]nal evid5ce4 ',is x possible to ov]look ! s+ul> "* ( ! names :i* ev]y:]e meet u8 ,!y1 9 fact1 tell _! own tale1 & almo/1 z x 71 proclaim ( !mselves t !y are allegorical4 ,wiseman1 ,newman 7two ( !m1 be x obs]v$71 ,ma/]man1 ,philpotts1 ,wilde4 ,:o1 t has be5 gift$ ) ev5 a mod]ate %>e ( critical acum51 c fail to see t ^! are all fictiti\s names1 inv5t$ by ! allegori/ ei!r to set =? c]ta9 qualities or attributes ( c]ta9 p]sons ^: true names are conceal$1 or1 z ,i r ?9k1 to embody c]ta9 t5d5cies ( ! times1 or repres5t c]ta9 p>ty *>act]i/ics4 ,?us ! "n ,wiseman is evid5tly *os5 to repres5t ! prov]bial craft :i* 0 attribut$ to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome2 & ,ni*olas has also be5 *os5 7z ,i appreh5d7 = ! purpose ( indicat+ ! s\rces :5ce t craft 0 d]iv$4 ,9 all probability ! "n 0 select$ j 9 ! same mann] z ,bunyan 9 8 immortal ,pilgrim's ,progress 7:i* /ill delights ! _w7 has *os5 ,worldly ,wiseman = "o ( 8 *>act]s4 ,x is said t he 0 a ,spani>d3 b :o s fit z a ,spani>d to be repres5t$ z ! ag5t ( ! ,holy ,see8 :ile1 z !re nev] 0 a ,spani>d ( t "n1 e "o c see t hi/oric probability has n be5 reg>d$4 ,! ^w ,newman aga9 7& obs]ve ! significant fact t !re 7 two ( !m7 01 9 all probability1 ,i may say c]ta9ly1 design$ to embody two opposite t5d5cies1 bo? ( :i*1 p]haps1 claim$1 9 impati5ce ( ! effete humanity ( t age 7a dead & /]eotyp$ ,prote/antism71 to introduce a new ord] ( ?+s4 ,^! p>ties 7if ,i may =m a conjecture f ! docum5t itself7 7 essay+ to extricate ! m9d ( ! age f ! difficulties ( its intellectual position2 an age1 ass]t+ inconsi/5tly1 on ! "o h&1 ! fre$om ( spiritual life1 &1 on ! o!r1 claim+ = ! ,bible an au?oriz$ supremacy ov] all ! ph5om5a ( t spiritual life4 ,"o ( ^! p>ties s\ght to solve ?is difficulty by endeavor+ to resuscitate ! _s ( ! pa/2 ! o!r1 by attempt+ to set human intellect & consci\sness free f ! yoke ( all ext]nal au?ority4 ,9 all probability ! names 7 sugge/$ to ! some:at pr(ane allegorico-satitical writ] by t text 9 ! ,engli% v]sion1 ,put on ! ,newman1 ! new man ( ! _s4 ,we are almo/ driv5 to ?is int]pretation1 inde$1 by ! extreme & ludicr\s improbability ( two m5--bro!rs1 br\ght up at ! same univ]sity--gradually rec$+1 p>i passu1 f ! same po9t 9 opposite directions1 to ! utt]mo/ extreme2 "o till he _h embrac$ ! mo/ pu]ile leg5ds ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ! o!r1 till he _h proce$$ to op5 infidelity4 ,probably su* a curi\s co9cid5ce ( ev5ts 0 nev] he>d ( s9ce ! _w began2 & ?is mu/1 at all ev5ts1 be reject$4 ',simil> obs]vations apply to ! "n ,ma/]man1 :i*1 9 anci5t ,engli%1 0 appli$ to him :o 0 n a s]vant or j\rneyman1 & is n unfitly us$ to indicate collectively ! assemblage ( weal?y m]*ants :o1 l ^? ( ,tyre1 7 pr9ces2 z well z to imply t ! p[]ful class to :i* !y belong$ 7 ! ,ma/]m5 9 ! c\ntry1 &1 9 fact1 spoke 9 a pot5tial voice 9 all su* crises z t suppos$4 ,x might also1 p]haps1 be design$ obliquely to intimate1 t1 ':atev] ! cl]gy & ! !ologians ( diff]5t p>ties might wi% to realize1 x 01 aft] all1 ! p[]ful & indep5d5t class ( ! laity :o 7 ! ma/]m51 & w\ld n succumb to any spiritual guides :atev]1 ev5 ?\gh call$ by ! speci\s names ( ,wisem5 & ,newm54 ,! m]e s+ul>ity ( ! names alone ought to decide ! po9t4 ,& :at fur!r confirms our view is1 t x is impossible to po9t out any ,engli%m5 ( any di/9ction :o ev] _h any ( ^! names4 ,"h we d n argue f conjecture1 aft] m]ely look+ into ! mo/ rec5t biographical rep]tories 7z1 = example1 ! ,biblio!ca ,cl>isimorum ,virorum1 9 ?ree hundr$ & fifty volumes folio72 = x is no argum5t t ?is meagre collection makes no m5tion ( any su* names2 s9ce1 9 ! successive compilations ( su* works1 7z ! _w gr[s old]17 x has be5 f\nd necess>y to extrude f "t to "t ?\s&s ( less] names1 :i* _h tw9kl$ 9 prec$+ ages4 ,b1 deeply anxi\s to e/abli% tru?1 we h at inf9ite pa9s caus$ to be fi%$ up1 f ! dep?s ( ! ar*ives ( our national museums1 v r>e repr9ts ( "s ( ! works ( ! age ne>e/ t 9 :i* ^! ev5ts are said to h occurr$1 & 9 none ( ^! works is !re an individual m5tion$ ( ! "n ( ,newman or ,ma/]man1 & only "o comp>atively obscure p]son ( ! "n ( ,wiseman1--a presumptive pro( t !y 7 fictiti\s names4 ,is x possible t ^! curi\s & v>i$ co9cid5ces c be ! m]e effect ( *ance8' ,i %all sp>e y1 said ,h>r+ton1 ,dr4 ,dickkopf's le>n$ etymological disquisitions on ! names ,wilde & ,philpotts1 :i*1 aid$ by ! imput$ 'ra%ness' ( ! "o1 & ! 'intoxicat$ zeal' ( ! o!r1 he cle>ly demon/rat$ to be fictiti\s4 ,aft] :i*1 ,i w suppose him to proce$ ?us3-- ',we presume we h said en\gh to conv9ce any acute & c&id m9d ( ! extreme improbability ( ! docum5t be+ design$ to convey to po/]ity a lit]al /atem5t ( facts2 n t we = a mom5t ?9k x necess>y to suppose t any evil design actuat$ ! writ]1 :oev] he might be4 ,x 0 mo/ likely int5d$1 z we h already said1 to be an allegorico-political c>icature ( c]ta9 ev5ts :i* did und5iably occur1 & :i* =m$ a sl5d] basis ( hi/oric fact on :i* to f\nd x4 ',nor is ! p>ticul>ity ( "s ( ! dates & alleg$ circum/ances ( mu* weight 9 our judgm5t4 ,he mu/ be a mis]able inv5tor ( fiction inde$1 :o _c clo! a n>rative 9 "s v]isimilitude ( ?is k9d4 ,x is said1 t ! hi/orian makes a seem+ ref]5ce to ^? :o 7 liv+ at ! v "t4 ,"s1 he says1 /ill survive4 ,b :o does n see t ! ^w survive may ref] to ! acc\nts 7:i* he1 x appe>s1 knew little h[ to int]pret71 n ! p]sons2 ?\gh1 be x obs]v$1 t on su* a supposition he does n v\* = hav+ se5 !m1 & may h spok5 m]ely f report4 ,?is v clause1 too1 has und5iably mu* ! appe>ance ( an int]polation4 ,!re are _m o!r little circum/ances1 :i*1 to ^? :o h be5 accu/om$ to detect unhi/oric *>act]i/ics 9 anci5t docum5ts1 & to draw a %>p l9e betwe5 ! my?ic or allegoric & ! hi/oric1 suffici5tly proclaim ! orig9 ( ?is suppos$ n>rative ( facts4 ',b ! int]nal evid5ce1 conclusive z x is1 is z no?+ to ! ext]nal4 ,if we exam9e ! docum5t by ! light ( ! facts :i* contempor>y hi/ory supplies1 nay1 ev5 by ! probability or o!rwise ( its own cont5ts1 we %ah see ! extreme absurdity ( suppos+ t ! acc\nt f :i* x 0 borr[$ 0 ev] meant to be a record ( facts4 ,we hesitate n to say1 t ! political facts ( :i* x makes m5tion are _m ( !m 9 ! highe/ degree incr$ible4 ,t !re may h be5 a rebellion at ,rome is v possible2 b assur$ly ! only nation 9 ,europe1 7if we except ,engl&17 t 0 n likely to take ! ,pope's "p aga9/ a republican movem5t1 or res5t him on 8 ?rone1 0 ! ,fr5*4 ,to suppose !m ?us act+ is contr>y to all t we "k ( ! hi/ory ( t nation1 & ( human nature4 ,! traces ( ! t]rible revolutions :i* 9 t c5tury1 & at ! close ( ! prec$+ "o1 %ook ,france aga9 & aga9 to h] c5tre1 & ! outl9es ( :i* /ill live 9 au!ntic hi/ory1 all %[ ! ext5t to :i* infidelity & democratic viol5ce prevail$ 9 ,france2 nay1 we "k t dur+ ! dom9ion ( ! ,emp]or ,napoleon1 if we are to reg>d 8 hi/ory z lit]ally true1 & n a collection ( fables & leg5ds199 z "s ev5 ( t age ma9ta9$1 t great conqu]or arre/$ & imprison$ ! ,pope4 ,t ,france %\ld h und]tak5 ! task ( subdu+ a republican movem5t1 j :5 %e _h come out ( a simil> revolution1 or r _m su*1--& ( reseat+ ! ,pope on 8 ?rone1 :5 %e _h be5 m impati5t ( ! re/ra9ts ( all religion ?an any o!r nation 9 ,europe1--is p]fectly incr$ible6 ,n less improbable is x t1 suppos+ 7z may p]haps be true7 t !re 0 a basis ( fact 9 ! ass]t$ rebellion ( ! ,romans1 & ,pio ,nono's re/oration to 8 dom9ions 7?\gh n by ,france1 t ! intellig5t read] w on politico-logical gr\nds pron\nce impossible1 b m probably by ! ,spani>ds71--yet c we suppose t a p[] :i* 0 always celebrat$ = its a/ut5ess & subtlety w\ld *oose t v mom5t ( humiliation & ignom9y to ru% into an act s audaci\s z t ( ree/abli%+ ! ,romi% hi]>*y 9 ,engl&1--9 a nation by f> ! mo/ p[]ful 9 ! _w at t "t1--a nation :i*1 if x _h pleas$1 c\ld h bl[n ,rome into ! air 9 ?ree mon?s8 ,x mu/ ne$s h /r5g!n$ a ?\s&-fold ! /rong antipa?ies ( ! ,engli% to ! ,see ( ,rome4 ,x w\ld1 inde$1 h ju/ifi$ t /orm ( indignation ) :i* x is said to h be5 met4 99 ,dr4 ,dickkopf may be "h suppos$ to ref] to ! ,hi/oric ,d\bts ( ,ar*bi%op ,:ately1 :i* may well deceive ev5 m a/ute critics4--,ed4 ',!re is mu* t is palpably improbable 9 _m o!r p>ts ( ! /atem5t 7simple z x seems to be7 :5 submitt$ to ! se>*+ _s ( mod]n criticism4 ,h[ ridicul\s is ! /ory ( ,c>d9al ,wiseman's pret5d+ t ! oa? 9 receiv+ ! ,pallium _h be5 modifi$ = 8 conv5i5ce2 little less s1 inde$1 ?an 8 *all5ge to 8 ,presbyt]ian antagoni/ to exam9e x1 & t1 too1 9 ! v book 9 :i* ! conte/$ clause 0 n cancell$6 ,all ?is is su* a maze ( absurdity1 t x is impossible to believe x4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 d we n "k t1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,papal p[]1 ! inflexible "*1 n only ( its doctr9es1 b ( its (ficial =ms & solemnities1 0 always ma9ta9$1 & t ?is p]t9acity 0 cont9ually plac+ x at a disadvantage 9 ! conte/ ) ! m flexible _s ( ,prote/antism8 ,x w\ld n r5\nce1 9 t]ms or words1 ! v ?+s :i* x did r5\nce 9 de$s1 & nev] c\ld prevail ^u itself to get ov] ?is unaccommodat+ _s6 ,yet "h we are to believe t1 at ! ,c>d9al's reque/ a c]ta9 "p ( a mo/ solemn c]emonial--t ( receiv+ ! ,pallium 0 remitt$ by ! ,pope6 ,if x 7 s1 ! ,c>d9al w\ld c]ta9ly h desir$ to conceal x4 ,if he c\ld n h done t1 he w\ld1 at lea/1 nev] h giv5 s easy a triumph to 8 adv]s>y z to *all5ge him to inspect ! v copy ( ! ,pontifical1 9 :i*1 aft] all1 ! oa? 0 n cancell$1 9 ord] t he might be satisfi$ t x 06 ,:o c believe t a ,c>d9al ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*1 ,wiseman or fool1 w\ld h be5 simple en\gh = su* a /ep z ?is8 ,x is pla9 t ! hi/orian himself 0 n unaw>e t su* an objection w\ld imm$iately sugge/ itself1 & endeavors to gu>d aga9/ x1--a suspici\s circum/ance 9 itself--:i* may s]ve to w>n u h[ little we c dep5d on ! hi/oric "* ( ! docum5t4 ',aga92 :at c be m improbable1 ?an t1 :5 a great nation 0 convuls$ f "o end to ! o!r1 z ! ,engli% are said to h be51 !re %\ld h be5 no viol5ce1 n ev5 accid5tally1 att5d+ ^? huge & excit$ assemblages2 a ?+ s natural1 nay1 s c]ta96 ,:o c believe t only "o man 0 sacrific$1 & he on ! pr$om9ant side8 ,i h discov]$ 9 my labori\s rese>*es on ?is important subject1 t only sev5ty ye>s be=e1 :5 a cry ( ! same nature1 b mu* less pot5t1 0 rais$1 ,london 0 fill$ ) conflagration & blood-%$4 ,:o ev] he>d1 inde$1 ( commotion su* z ?is is pret5d$ to h be51 & its end+ 9 vox et praet]ea nihil8 ',x is sup]flu\s to po9t out ! absurdity ( suppos+ a ,c>d9al ( ! ,romi% ,*ur* lectur+ ! p ( ,engl& on ! claims ( religi\s lib]ty2 or s great a nation1 9 su* a p>oxysm1 sp5d+ _m mon?s 9 ! concoction ( a measure confess$ to be a feeble "o1 & suff]$ to be brok5 ) impunity6 ',b1 la/ly1 my labori\s rese>*es h l$ to ! important discov]y1 t1 9 ?is v ye> ( pret5d$ hot commotion1 ,engl&--9 peace ) all ! _w1 pr(\nd peace )9 & pr(\nd peace )\t--celebrat$ a sort ( jubilee ( ! nations1 9 a va/ build+ ( glass 7wond]ful = ^? times71 call$ ! ,great ,exhibition1 to :i* e c\ntry _h contribut$ specim5s ( ! comp>atively rude manufacture--( t rude age6 ,london 0 fill$ ) =eign]s f all p>ts ( ! e>?2 ! :ole k+dom 0 9 a commotion1 inde$1 b a commotion ( hospitable fe/ivity1 9 :i* x %ook h&s ) all ! _w6 ,?is is a piece ( positive evid5ce :i* ought to settle ! :ole matt]4 ,9 %ort1 ! ext]nal & int]nal evid5ce alike w>rants u 9 reject+ ?is absurd /ory z utt]ly incr$ible4' ,^u my ^w1 said "y ,rob9son1 y h said m ?an ,i ?\ght y c\ld h said on su* a !me4 ,i really almo/ d\bt :e!r ,dr4 ,dickkopf has n ! be/ ( x1 & :e!r we ought n to agree t ! ',papal ,aggression' is a %e] delusion4 ,o1 said ,h>r+ton1 ,i h mot giv5 y half ! argum5ts by :i* an hi/orian1 eighte5 hundr$ ye>s h5ce1 might prove t :at has actually occurr$ nev] c\ld h occurr$1 & t :at has n occurr$ mu/1 9 ! v nature ( ?+s1 h occurr$1 by a necessity alike political1 hi/orical1 e?ical1 logical1 & psy*ological4 ,& no d\bt ,dr4 ,dickkopf is "r on ! pr9ciples on :i* acute critics may argue2 t is1 ! assumption t c]ta9 probabilities w ju/ify conclusions on su* subjects4 ,"o might naturally h suppos$ ! ,pope to h be5 m politic ?an to take ?is /ep1--! ,fr5* m consi/5t ?an to suppress ! ,republican movem5t ( ,italy1--! ,engli% less mod]ate 9 express+ _! indignation1--& c]ta9ly t !re w\ld nev] h be5 su* an array ( odd names to g>ni% "o brief docum5t4 ,& n[1 ,i be?9k me1 x is f> f impossible t "s ,dr4 ,dickkopf may ev5 apply to ,/rauss's ,leb5 ,jesu1 & ,dr4 ,:ately's ',hi/oric ,d\bts' simil> reason+1 to prove t ! fir/ 0 elaborate irony1 & ! second a s9c]e expression ( scepticism4 ,h[ c t be8 ,?us3 he w prove t ! age 0 rem>kably fond ( su* species ( ironical lit]ature4 ,z ,/rauss1 9 8 preface1 has expressly admitt$ 7?\gh we all "k :at he means7 t ,*ri/ianity is true1 & has sugge/$ an unimag9ably absurd hypo!sis z to its true import1 f\nd$ on ! pr9ciples ( ! ,hegelian philosophy1 ! le>n$ ,dr4 ,dickkopf w say1 t no "o :o s spoke ( ,*ri/ianity c\ld h int5d$ s]i\sly to discr$it x1 & yet c]ta9ly c\ld n possibly believe ! absurd !ory ( x concoct$ out ( ,g]man philosophy2 ergo1 t we mu/ reg>d ! :ole book z a piece ( prolong$ irony1--a little too *>act]i/ic ( ,g]man p$antry1 x is true1 b s9c]ely design$ to expose t extravagance ( hi/oric criticism & ,biblical exegesis :i* _h s di/+ui%$ ! au?or's c\ntrym51 by :i* ,hom] _h be5 annihilat$1 a great "p ( anci5t hi/ory r5d]$ d\btful1 & ! ,bible turn$ into a riddle-book2 t ?is hypo!sis is confirm$ by ! space :i* ,/rauss gives to ! exposure ( ! absurdities ( ! ,rationali/s1 :i*1 9 fact1 occupies at lea/ half 8 "w4 ,dr4 ,d4 w ev5 v likely prove t ,/rauss himself is a fictiti\s "n2 ,/rauss1 9 ! ,g]man1 mean+ an o/ri*1 :i*1 accord+ to ! prov]b1 c dige/ any ?+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z he w be able to %[ t ,/rauss's "w is a piece ( prolong$ irony1 he w v likely %[ t ,:ately's ',hi/oric ,d\bts' may be a s9c]e expression ( op9ion 7:i*1 9 fact1 _m h ev5 9 our day wisely believ$ x to be71 & he w argue x ) a gravity wor?y ( "o ( ! comm5tators :o int]pret ! irony ( ,socrates lit]ally2 he w prove x f ! air ( sobriety & s9c]ity :i* p]vades ! pamphlet4 ,nay1 = aught ,i "k1 he may %[ t !re 0 an 'hi/oric place' = su* a piece 9 ! und\bt$ my?s to :i* ! wondr\s a*ievem5ts ( ,napoleon _h giv5 rise2 he w say t ^! _h produc$ a natural feel+ ( scepticism z to ! great] "p ( ! facts1 ?\gh he w ?9k ,dr4 ,:ately has gone a little too f> 9 d\bt+ 8 v exi/5ce2 !re be+ suffici5t evid5ce t su* a man z ,napoleon exi/$1 ?\gh ! _w really kn[s little m ab\t him ?an ab\t ,semitamis or ,g5ghis ,khan6 ,well1 said ,i1 hav+ prov$ t ,dr4 ,/rauss's "w is irony1 & ,:ately's bro*ure a s9c]e expression ( op9ion1 x w\ld be h>d = ev5 ,dr4 ,dickkopf to g fur!r4 ,b1 s]i\sly1 x is no laugh+ matt]4 ,?is is a /range p[] ! future hi/orian has ov] u4 ,o1 be assur$1 said ,h>r+ton1 he c make ( u j :at he pleases4 ,nev] 0 a "q m unreasonable ?an t ( ! ,iri%man1 :o1 be+ conjur$1 on "s occasion1 to ?9k ( po/]ity1 said1 ',i %\ld l to "k :at po/]ity has done = u4' ,x w d some?+ = u1 dep5d ^u x4 ,a future hi/orian w n only make u confess1 ) ! ,pray]-,book1 't we h done ! ?+s we ought n to h done1 & h left undone ! ?+s we ought to h done1' b 't we h done ! ?+s t we h n done1 & h left undone ! ?+s t we h done4' ,i wond]1 said ,i1 t "s ( ,dr4 ,/rauss's c\ntrym5 h n prov$ him to be an imag9>y be+1--a my?4 ,x 7 v easy to d x on su* pr9ciples4 ,x has be5 done long s9ce1 said ,h>r+ton1 by ,wolfgang ,m5zel4 ,?ank y1 said ,i1 9 conclusion1 y h cle>ly prov$ t a true hi/ory may plausibly be %[n to be false4 ,& !re=e1 my de> uncle1 y w1 ,i hope1 ju/ify my scepticism 9 all su* matt]s1 said he ar*ly4 ,i ackn[l$ge1 z ,socrates says1 t ,i felt = a mom5t z if ,i _h receiv$ a sudd5 bl[1 & h>dly knew :at to say4 ,no1 said ,i at la/1 unless y c ju/ify ,dr4 ,/rauss's !ory ( hi/orical criticism1 ( :i* y y\rself ackn[l$ge y h d\bts4 ,) t any ?+ may be prov$ false2 meantime x appe>s t ! facts to :i* x is appli$ may be und\bt$ly true4 ,on retir+ to my *amb]1 ,i mus$ = "s "t on ! facility ) :i* man's +5uity or incl9ations c p]v]t any facts :i* he resolves %all be o!rwise ?an !y are4 ,dubi\s z is ! ,,evid5ce1 ,h>r+ton 0 fond ( say+1 ,i di/ru/ ! ,judas /ill m2 an admission1 ,i told him1 ( :i* ,i %\ld "o day rem9d him4 ,tir$ at la/ ( ?is unpleasant !me1 ,i took up a volume ( ,leibnitz's ,!odicee1 :i* happ5$ to lie on ! table1 & read ^? /rik+ passages t[>ds ! conclusion 9 :i* he repres5ts ,!odore 7reluctant to accept ! iron !ory ( necessity7 z privileg$ ) a peep into a numb] ( ! inf9ite possible worlds2 f :i* he has ! satisfaction ( see+ t1 bad z is ! lot ( ,sextus 9 ! be/ ( all possible worlds1 t lot1 ,sextus be+ :at he is1 c\ld n possibly be any bett]2 a que] consolation1 by ! way1 till we "k :y ,sextus mu/ be :at he is1 or :y ,sextus mu/ be at all4 ,i sank (f to slumb] 9 my *air1 no d\bt "u ! soporific effects ( ?is metaphysical morph9e4 ,:ile ,i slept1 ! previ\s discussions ( ! day & ! dose ( ,!odicee op]at+ toge!r sugge/$ a v /range dream1 :i* ,i %all "h record4 ,x %all be entitl$ ,,! ,,p>adise ,,( ,,fools4 ,me?\ght ,i saw a grave & v v5]able old man ) a long :ite be>d ent] my *amb]1 & quietly seat himself opposite to me4 ,in/ead ( ask+ :o he 0 & h[ he came !re1 no?+ seem$ m natural & prop]4 ,we all "k h[ easily 9 dreams ! m9d disp5ses ) all c]emony2 little or no introduction is requir$2 e "o is at once on a mo/ delightful foot+ ( famili>ity ) all ! _w2 & ! greate/ possible incongruities appe> j comme il faut4 ,he told me t he _h come f a v curi\s "p ( ! be/ ( all possible worlds1--! ,p>adise ( ,fools2 & on my look+ surpris$1 said1-- ,are y ignorant1 !n1 t !re is a spot 9 ! univ]se :]e a viceg]5t ( ! ,deity has at 8 disposal unlimit$ p[] & wisdom to enable him to comply ) ! some:at :imsical conditions ( ! !ories ( ^? wond]ful philosoph]s :o h tak5 ^u !m to say h[ ! univ]se might h be5 con/ruct$ )\t any supreme or presid+ intellig5ce at all2 or h mode/ly sugge/$1 t1 _h !y be5 consult$1 c]ta9 notable improvem5ts might h be5 effect$ 9 its fabrication or gov]nm5t2 or1 la/ly1 :o h compla9$ ( ! revelation :i* ,god has v\*saf$ to man1 or cont5d$1 t1 if true1 x might h be5 m unexceptionably fram$1 & m skilfully promulgat$8 ,& :at is ! result8 ,i ask$4 ,! result is a "p ( '! ev]la/+ %ame & contempt' :i* are ! h]itage ( impiety4 ,!re mu/ h be5 en\gh = ! said viceg]5t to d1 ,i rem>k$4 ,n s mu* z y imag9e1 said he1 smil+4 ,! conditions ( _! !ories1 s f> z ev5 omnisci5ce c compreh5d or omnipot5ce realize !m1 are inde$ exactly compli$ )2 b nev]!less1 !y (t5 baffle bo?4 ,sometimes ! repro(1 ?us impli$1 obliquely /rikes m ?an its imm$iate objects2 x alights ev5 on "s ( ! pr(\nde/ philosoph]s1 :o nev] _h x 9 _! ?\ghts to call 9 "q ! inf9ite sup]iority ( ,div9e ,p[] & ,wisdom1 b :o h deliv]$ !mselves a little too positively ab\t 'monads' & 'atoms1' & ultimate con/itu5ts ( ! univ]se4 ,!y h sometimes be5 n a little sc&aliz$1 z well z laugh$ at1 :5 "s half-witt$1 muddle-head$ foll[]s1 glad to escape _! trial1 pret5d$ to h f\nd$ sy/ems ( ,pan!ism1 or :at is j ! same ?+1 ,a!ism1 on "s ( _! too obscure def9itions4 ,"o man decl>$ t he c\ld d no?+ )\t ! ,monads ( ,leibnitz1 ea* ( :i*1 says t philosoph]1 'is a mirror repres5t+ ! univ]se1 ?\gh obscurely1 & kn[s e ?+1 b confus$ly1' :i* la/ clause is unexceptionable en\gh4 ,ano!r rogue ask$ = ! ar*etypes ( ,plato1--he _h _h a notion1 he said1 t a good deal might be made out ( !m )\t ,plato's ,demiurgus2 ano!r1 = ! con/itu5ts ( ! vital automata ( ,desc>tes3 he _h be5 misl$ to believe1 t1 if animals c\ld be me*anically produc$1 ! :ole univ]se might h be5 s produc$ also4 ,! ,ar*angel assur$ !m & o!rs1 ) mu* polit5ess1 t1 if ! philosoph]s 9 "q c\ld 9 any way make _! mean+ intelligible1 ,heav5 w\ld d its poor be/ to realize _! conceptions2 b t x 0 impossible = ev5 omnipot5ce to execute comm&s :i* ev5 omnisci5ce c\ld n compreh5d4 ,simil>ly1 "o man reque/$ t he might be provid$ ) a little ( ,ari/otle's ',et]nal ,matt]1' b he 0 told t !re 0 no su* ?+ 9 r]um natura1 & t x 0 un=tunately too late to make x4 ,he seem$ to ?9k himself v unju/ly treat$4 ,ano!r dem&$ "s ( ! ,atoms ( ,epicurus1 to make a slight exp]im5t )2 unexceptionably sph]ical1 invisible1 & s =?4 ,^!1 he 0 told1 he might be accommodat$ )2 & t all he _h to d 0 to %ake !m long en\gh1 & d\btless ! =tuit\s jumble w\ld come out at la/ a m9iature _w4 ,above all1 !re 7 sev]al ,g]man philosoph]s1 :o1 hav+ f\nd$ v>i\s physical !ories1 m or less ext5sive1 on ! p]spicu\s metaphysics ( _! c\ntrym51 7 confid5t t1 if !y _h n hit on ! modes :i* ,supreme ,wisdom _h adopt$1 _! modes 7 yet v excell5t modes2 & !y 7 absolutely clamor\s t _! exp]im5ts %\ld beg94 ,b1 alas6 _m ( !m /ood b little *ance ( be+ ev] tri$1 = ! v same reason :i* prev5t$ ! disciple ( ,leibnitz f obta9+ 8 ',monads'2 _! au?ors c\ld n make _! mean+ intelligible to ! delegat$ omnisci5ce4 ,z to "s ( ! metaphysicians1 s9ce _! !ories embrac$ no?+ less ?an ! evolution ( ! 'totality' ( ! univ]se1 ! 'inf9ite' & ! 'absolute' includ$1 x 0 ( c\rse impossible t !y c\ld be tri$4 ,b x 0 ?\ght an appropriate puni%m5t = !m to be condemn$ to write on till !y _h made _! mean+ intelligible4 ,"s h labor$ ) incr$ible indu/ry to comply ) ?is v reasonable reque/1 b _! notions seem to gr[ d>k] & d>k] at e /ep2 & "o 9 p>ticul> has writt5 a huge folio1 9 :i*1 by univ]sal cons5t ( m5 & angels1 !re is n ! smalle/ glimm] ( mean+ f "o end to ! o!r4 ,ano!r ev5 compla9s 9 private ( ! want ( philosophical g5ius 9 ! c\rt ( cele/ial criticism1 & decl>es t 9 ,g]many !y c\ld h con/ruct$ t5 !ories ( ! univ]se & giv5 tw5ty solutions ( ! 'inf9ite' & ! 'absolute' 9 ! "t he has be5 va9ly endeavor+ to expla9 8 mean+ to p]sonages s deplorably defici5t 9 metaphysical acum54 ,he 0 go+ on ) "s o!r details ( ! hapless philosoph]s4 ,i w\ld mu* r he> f y1 said ,i1 = x is a subject 9 :i* ,i take a f> deep] int]e/1 h[ ^? h sp$ :o h object$ to ! ,revelation ) :i* ,god has favor$ man1 on ! gr\nd t x _c be true1 else x w\ld h be5 m unexceptionably fram$ or m wisely promulgat$4 ,i take x = grant$ t ^! h n be5 de/itute ( opportunities ( try+ _! exp]im5t4 ,surely n1 repli$ my new acqua9tance4 ',! ,p>adise ( ,fools' is well /ock$ ) creatures ( ?is description4 ,_m ( ! exp]im5ts :i* requir$ "t to te/ !m 7 comm5c$ hundr$s ( ye>s ago1 & are complet$4 ,o!rs are /ill unf9i%$ :ile !re h be5 _m :i* requir$ only to be comm5c$ & !y 7 complet$ in/antly1 to ! confusion ( _! au?ors4 ,i %\ld mu* l1 said ,i1 to he> an acc\nt ( "s ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,will+ly1 answ]$ he2 only y mu/ be> 9 m9d t !y 7 all to be p]=m$ "u c]ta9 limitations1 )\t :i* no revelation :i* ,god c give to man w\ld be ( ! slighte/ value4 ,he !n in=m$ me1 t ! evid5ce af=d$ mu/ n be su* z to annihilate ! conditions on :i* man is to be made virtu\s & happy1 if he is to be made s at all4 ,x mu/ n be inconsi/5t ) ! ex]cise ( ei!r 8 reason or 8 fai?1 nor prev5t ! play ( 8 moral dispositions1 nor triumph by m]e viol5ce ov] 8 prejudices2 x mu/ n op]ate purely ^u ! passions or ! s5ses1 nor ov]he> all possibility ( (f]+ resi/ance1--z w\ld be ! case1 = example1 if a man 7 plac$ on ! edge ( a precipice1 & told t he w\ld imm$iately be ?r[n ov] x if he transgress$ ! rules ( temp]ance or *a/ity4 ,! happ9ess1 he said1 :i* ,god orig9ally design$ = 8 intellig5t & moral creatures 0 a volunt>y happ9ess1 spr++ out ( ! well-balanc$ & well-direct$ activity ( all ! pr9ciples ( _! nature4 ,any revelation1 !re=e1 mu/ proce$ on ! same basis1 bo? z reg>ds itself & ! mode 9 :i* x is giv54 ,argum5ts & motives morally suffici5t1 b n m ?an suffici5t1 mu/ be address$ to ! intellect & ! consci5ce4 ,all ?is is necess>y to r5d] ! felicity & p]fection ( man /able & p]man5t2 = )\t su* a trial1 triumphantly su/a9$1 he w\ld h no security t1 9 ! pres5ce ( objects :i* t5d to ex]t an ov]p[]+ influ5ce on 8 s5ses or 8 feel+s1 he might n at "s p]iod ( ! unkn[n future be impell$ to take a wrong pa?1 & err & be mis]able4 ,?is ordeal1 orig9ally design$ = man & n sup]s$$ by revelation1 mu/ be cont9u$ long en\gh to r5d] ! pr9ciples on :i* he ought to act practical habits2 aft] :i* he may g =? 7sublime & glori\s privilege67 to any "p ( ?is _w1 or ( any _w to :i* ,god may call him1 ma/] ( himself & 8 de/9y2 n afraid le/ temptations %\ld w>p him f a /eadfa/ness t is f\nd$ on ! decisions ( an inflexible w1 itself direct$ by enlight5$ intellig5ce & moral rectitude2 9 a ^w1 9 possession ( ! appropriate & alone appropriate happ9ess ( an intellectual & moral ag5t2 an image ( ! felicity ( ! great ,creator himself4 ,?is condition1 he said1 ( giv+ a revelation1 s f> f be+ a h>d%ip1 is n only 9 h>mony ) ! nature ( ?+s1 b is itself an expression ( ! ,div9e ,b5efic5ce2 :i* design$ = man no casual1 prec>i\s safety1 z ! result ( transi5t ext]nal viol5ce to ! pr9ciples ( 8 nature1 b a p]man5t & inviolable equilibrium ( ! p[]s )9 him4 ,heav5 itself1 he conclud$1 c be heav5 only to ^? :o are int]nally prep>$ = x4 ,7 !re _m1 ,i cri$1 :o 7 will+ to make ! exp]im5t ( giv+ a revelation m unexceptionably ?an x has be5 giv51 on ! propos$ conditions8 ,n v _m1 z y may well suppose1 said he2 b if objectors _h be5 unwill+1 !y w\ld h be5 compell$ to make x4 ,b ^u :om 7 ! exp]im5ts to be made8 said ,i2 = unless !y 7 be+s ( ! same intellectual & moral condition z !mselves1 ,i see n h[ aught c\ld come ( x4 ,o1 be satisfi$1 he repli$2 ! be+s :o are provid$ = ^! ,projectors are z l ! inhabitant ( y\r _w z "o egg is l ano!r4 ,!y are m5 !mselves2 communities made up ( ^? :o h liv$ 9 y\r _w1 & :o h gone out ( x ) ! same ?\ghts1 passions1 & emotions z !y _h on e>?2 _m ( !m hav+ reject$ or disreg>d$ ! true revelation1 & o!rs nev] hav+ _h t revelation to reject4 ,( c\rse !y are ignorant1 9 ?is int]m$iate /ate1 ( ! tricks :i* ^! exp]im5t]s play ) !m1 till !y are conclud$2 b 9 reject+ ! new revelations1 _m ( !m reject ! v conditions ( belief :i* :5 on e>? !y said w\ld h be5 suffici5t1 :ile ! result 9 ^? :o make ! exp]im5t & 9 ^? on :om ! exp]im5t is made is to 'v9dicate ! ways ( ,god to man4' ,!re is a wond]ful p[] 9 gett+ ov] trifl+ difficulties 9 our dreams1 or ,i %\ld c]ta9ly h demurr$ to "s p>ts ( ?is /atem5t4 ,in/ead ( t1 ,i let my m9d1 z usual 9 su* cases1 dwell on a po9t :i* 0 no difficulty at all4 ,if1 said ,i1 !y are dead1 !y are probably v diff]5t be+s f :at !y 7 :5 alive4 ,& d y ?9k1 said he1 ) an unpleasant half-sne]1 t m]e *ange ( place makes any diff]5ce 9 man1 or t ! m]ely physical effects ( dea? op]ate a magical *ange on 8 intellect1 affections1 emotions1 & volitions1 or c r5d] him a m reasonable creature ?an he 0 be=e8 ,i did n mean exactly t1 said ,i2 b surely x is n possible t ! s\l )\t ! body c be exactly l ! s\l ) x4 ,h n y\r philosoph]s1 said he1 (t5 f\nd$1 or pret5d$ to f\nd1 scepticism on ! argum5t t x is difficult to tell :e!r life itself may n be a s]ies ( illusions l ^? 9 dreams8 ,h !y n ev5 decl>$1 t1 z 9 dreams all seems to be real1 s 9 _! wak+ mom5ts all may be no m ?an a dream8 nay1 h n "s said t x is impossible to tell :i* is ! real & :i* ! dream+ "p ( _! exi/5ce8 ,!re h be5 su*1 said ,i1 b ,i nev] knew any "o conv9c$ by _! reason+4 ,p]haps n1 he answ]$1 b x may be ( use to %[ y1 t 9 t int]m$iate /ate m5 may1 z 9 dreams1 be capable ( a s]ies ( ?\ghts & emotions exactly simil> to :at !y exp]i5c$ 9 ?is _w2 q z vivid1 &1 he add$ ) a quiet smile1 p]haps z rational4 ,b !y mu/ be m coh]5t ?an ^? :i* n[ visit our slumb]s1 said ,i4 ,x is h>dly wor? :ile to cont5d ab\t ! diff]5ce1 he repli$1 ) a s>ca/ic expression :i* ,i did n mu* l4 ,x is suffici5t to say1 h[ev]1 t ^! projectors h no reason to compla92 = ) :atev] %[ ( reason m5 ?9k or act "h1 s "u exactly ! same laws ( ?\ght & emotion d ^? %ad[s act !re4 ,b ,i1 :o am n[ awake & p]fectly s5sible-- ,he laugh$ outright4 ,are y s sure1 said he1 t y are awake4 ,h[ d y "k x8 ,because ,i am consci\s ( x1 said ,i4 ,& ?is too1 ,i suppose1 is a philosoph]1 he mutt]$ to himself4 ,well1 he cont9u$ al\d1 we mu/ n discuss ^! matt]s j n[2 y mu/ believe me :5 ,i say t ! communities to :i* our exp]im5t]s g to "w1 on _! own hypo!ses1 are j z capable ( +5i\s reason+ & imp>tial & c&id delib]ation1 z y are n[ 9 y\r pres5t wak+ mom5ts4 ,y wi% to he> a few ( ^! exp]im5ts8 ,i nodd$4 ,well1 !n1 fir/1 !re 0 "o wor?y philosoph]1 :o1 hav+ se5 ! advantages :i* infidelity has ga9$ f ! discrepancies & o!r difficulties occasion$ by ! v>i$ te/imonies :i* ! evangelical hi/orians h left beh9d !m1 resolv$1 aft] hav+ wr\ght a numb] ( spl5did miracles 7uni=mly affirm$ & nev] d5i$ by ! p>ties 9 ^: pres5ce !y 7 p]=m$71 t !y %\ld all be consign$ to "o s+le hi/ory41 s admirably con/ruct$ t !re 0 n a s+le discrepancy f beg9n+ to end4 ,& :at 0 ! effect8 ,:y1 9 ! fir/ place1 y mu/ recollect t1 accord+ to t or any o!r mode ( au!nticat+ a div9e communication by miracles1 !re 7 a great _m m ( ^? :o nev] saw ! miracles ?an ( ^? :o did2 = if miracles _h be5 common1 !y w\ld h ceas$ to be miracles4 ,!re 7 va/ numb]s1 !re=e1 :o1 ev5 9 ! age 9 :i* !y 7 p]=m$1 nev] believ$ !m2 b1 :at is m1 9 f\r g5]ations !re 0 n a s\l t did n treat !m z old wives' fables4 ,surely !y 7 v unreasonable1 ,i said4 ,n at all2 x 0 inevitable2 = x 0 ask$ 7& e "o ass5t$ to x71 :e!r x 0 reasonable t a /ory s m>vell\s1 & s contr>y to exp]i5ce1 %\ld be believ$ on any s+le te/imony1 h[ev] unexceptionable8 ,!re 7 also ke5 critics :o said1 t1 z !re 0 pro( t 9 ! v age 9 :i* ! miracles 7 wr\ght !re 7 _m :o did n believe ! message :i* !y pr(ess$ly confirm$1 x 0 a /rong indication t ! :ole 0 a fiction2 :ile "s o!rs ( /ill great] acum5 discov]$ t ! v fre$om f all discrepancies & contradictions 9 ! acc\nt itself smelt v /rongly ( art & design2 t ?is p]fection ( consi/5cy 0 n ! *>act]i/ic ( any hi/ory ev] writt5 by an hone/ man1 & t no d\bt x _h be5 elaborately contriv$ by a s+le highly inv5tive m9d4 ,! idiots6 ,i exclaim$4 ,:y1 ?is v circum/ance ought surely to h l$ !m to argue ! o!r way4 ,!y ?\ght o!rwise2 & ,i mu/ say ,i ?9k !y argu$ v plausibly1 & t v mu* is to be said = !m4 ,!y ?\ght t p]fect self-consi/5cy might possibly be obta9$ by a s+le m9d ( highly inv5tive p[]1 & !y pref]r$ believ+ t1 to receiv+ su* wond]ful ?+s support$ by any s+le te/imony4 ,b did none attempt to rem$y ?is defect ( ! unhappy speculator8 ,o1 yes2 ano!r attempt$ to e/abli% 9 a second community ( our reasonable %ad[s a revelation on ! same basis ( miracles2 b in/ead ( tru/+ to "o witness1 he record$ ! results by t52 & ) su* p]fection ( art1 t all ! +5uity ( all ! critics ( succe$+ ages c\ld n detect a s+le v>iation o!r ?an 9 language2 ! records !mselves & _! cont5ts 7 precisely ! same4 ,& :at 0 ! result4 ,mu* ! same z be=e2 = ?is id5tity ( sub/ance & almo/ ( mann] %[$ mo/ evid5tly1 said ! critics1 t !re _h be5 collusion betwe5 ! sev]al p>ties :o _h fram$ ! revelation3--& 9 ! c\rse ( ?ree or f\r g5]ations x 0 univ]sally reject$1 z totally unwor?y ( belief4 ,i see n1 !n1 h[ a revelation by any su* means c\ld be au!nticat$ at all8 ,:y1 our reasonable creatures require a great deal ( managem5t1 --t is ! tru?4 ,!re is no way 9 :i* y _c prove to y\r own satisfaction1 t no "o ( any div9e communications 7giv5 "u ! conditions a=esaid7 is to be believ$2 b p]haps aft] all1 ! me?od w\ld h be5 m sure1 _h ^! sages conf9$ ^! communications to diff]5t te/imonies1 9 :i* ! g5]al h>mony & undesign$ co9cid5ces %\ld be manife/1 b :i* %\ld conta9 slight discrepancies1 & ev5 "s app>5t contradictions1 :i* ! p>ties1 if !re _h be5 collusion1 w\ld c]ta9ly h obviat$4 ,?is w\ld1 p]haps1 h be5 ! be/ gu>anty t !re c\ld n be any fraud 9 ! case4 ,b ?is1 ,i rem>k$1 0 j ! mode 9 :i* ! ,gospels ( ,*ri/ 7 consign$ to mank9d4 ,& y see ) :at mix$ result4 ,x 0 suffici5t1 inde$1 to ju/ify ! me?od1 if x 0 att5d$ ) less disa/r\s effects ?an any o!r mode4 ,= x is a problem ( limits ev5 at ! v be/4 ,prompt$1 ,i suppose1 by "s recollection ( ,wool/on's op9ion1 t ! miracles ( ,jesus ,*ri/ w\ld h be5 bett] wor?y ( att5tion1 & m likely to be cr$it$ by po/]ity1 if !y _h be5 p]=m$ on royal or notable public *>act]s1 or 9 _! pres5ce1 ,i felt curi\s to "k if any "o _h be5 det]m9$ to gu>d aga9/ a simil> error4 ,i 0 told t !re _h be52 & = a "t e ?+ w5t on well4 ,?is sage's doctr9e & pret5sions 7 rapidly propagat$ )9 c]ta9 limits ( space & "t4 ,b alas6 :ile ev5 9 8 lifetime ! zeal ( "s ( ! royal or noble conv]ts caus$ ! doctr9e to be reg>d$ ) consid]able suspicion among ! rival great1 to :om ! fame ( ! miracles 0 kn[n only by he>say1 its e>ly success prov$ an insurm\ntable objection 9 a few g5]ations2 = sev]al le>n$ infidels %[$ to ! satisfaction ( ! entire community1 t ! pret5d$ revelation c\ld h be5 no?+ else ?an a conspiracy ( crafty /atesm5 = political purposes4 ,x 0 sagely rem>k$1 t x 0 n wond]ful t a doctr9e _h be5 believ$1 & _h rapidly diffus$ itself1 :i* _h all ! pre/ige ( rank1 & p[]1 & /atesman%ip 9 its favor2 t if1 inde$1 x _h appe>$ among/ ! poor & ignorant portion ( mank9d1 & ! _h be5 witness$ by su* z f _! situation 7 r likely to be p]secut$ by ! great & p[]ful ?an to be favor$ by !m2 & la/ly1 if ! pret5d$ revelation _h vanqui%$ su* resi/ance in/ead ( be+ suspici\sly alli$ ) x1 some?+ m might be said 9 its behalf2 b z x 01 ! :ole ?+ 0 evid5tly--a lie4 ,really1 said ,i1 x seems a m difficult ?+ = ,god to make kn[n 8 w to mank9d ?an ,i _h suppos$4 ,x is1 said he1 on ^? conditions to :i* 8 wisdom = man's own sake has re/rict$ him1 & ap>t f :i* condition ,i h already /at$ t a revelation w\ld be wor?less4 ,x is a f> m difficult matt] ?an ^? :o h n reflect$ ^u ! subject w\ld suppose1 & y w\ld h m reason to say s /ill1 if y knew1 z ,i d1 h[ ludicr\sly1 z well z h[ utt]ly1 _m o!r attempts h fail$4 ,he !n amus$ me ) an acc\nt ( a sage1 :o1 see+ ! ill consequ5ces :i* _h foll[$ f ! v local or limit$ "* ( miracles 7:5 a few g5]ations _h pass$ by71 resolv$ to rem$y ?is by a s]ies ( wond]s s /up5d\s & magnific5t1 t ! v e*o ( !m1 z x 71 %\ld rev]b]ate ?r\gh ! holl[ ( future ages1 & s impress all tradition z to r5d] !m indep5d5t ( ! voice ( individual hi/orians4 ,he accord+ly pass$ to ! v extreme limit 7if he did n g beyond x7 by :i* a miracle is necess>ily re/rict$1-- t ( n di/urb+ g5]al laws4 ,he succe$$ p]fectly 9 ! place 9 :i* ^! ph5om5a 7 witness$2 ?\gh1 z !re 7 multitudes :o knew no?+ ( ! op]ator1 b 7 only consci\s t nature 0 play+ "s /range pranks1 no connection 0 e/abli%$ 9 _! m9ds betwe5 ! doctr9e & ! miracles4 ,b ! consequ5ces 9 ! future 7 ! direct contr>y ( :at ! sangu9e philosoph] _h contemplat$4 ,if ! impression ( ^? :o saw ^! spl5did wond]s c\ld h be5 prolong$1 all _h be5 well2 b s f> f ! report ( !m conciliat+ ! reg>d ( po/]ity1 _! v gr&eur & va/ness 7 ! pr9cipal argum5ts aga9/ !m1 & condemn$ !m to univ]sal rejection4 ,:o c\ld believe1 m5 said1 t ph5om5a s /range & s port5t\s--n only s diff]5t f1 & s contr>y to1 ! uni=m c\rse ( nature1 b s mu* beyond ! limit$ purpose :i* mu/ h be5 contemplat$ by a truly miracul\s int]position--_h ev] happ5$8 ,if !y _h be5 s+le ev5ts1 v transi5t & local di/urbances ( ! laws ( nature = a high object1 ! case1 !y c&idly av[$1 w\ld h be5 :olly diff]5t2 b su* :olesale infractions ( ! fix$ laws ( ! univ]se 7 at once to be summ>ily reject$4 ,!y 7 unque/ionably ! (fspr+ ( an age ( fable & sup]/ition4 ,x did n f>e mu* bett] ) ano!r miracle-mong] ( ! same species4 ,9 "o community1 :i* he _h engag$ to in/ruct 9 ! my/]ies ( 8 revelation1 ! wond]s he wr\ght ext5d$ to su* l>ge classes ( ph5om5a1 & = a "t 7 s con/ant1 t !y ceas$ to be miracles at all4 ,z he c\ld n add ubiquity to 8 o!r attributes1 few atta*$ any importance to 8 decl>ation t he 0 ! au?or ( su* va/ & di/ant op]ations1 & few] absolutely believ$ him4 ,moreov]1 m5 became accu/om$ to ph5om5a :i* !y daily witness$2 = su*1 x seems1 is ! con/itution ( human nature 9 any _w1 t ?+s cease to be wond]ful :5 !y cease to be novel4 ,7 x o!rwise1 m5 w\ld be always wond]+2 = no miracles are m wond]ful ?an ! ph5om5a ( e day 9 e "p ( ! univ]se4 ,n a few wise m51 !re=e1 9 ?is community1 succe$$ 9 giv+ a p]fectly plausible acc\nt ( ^! :olesale infractions ( ! uni=mity ( nature4 ,nature1 x 0 said1 0 unque/ionably uni=m1 b only 9 ! sev]al l>g] portions ( h] op]ations2 t )9 c]ta9 cycles %e v>i$ h] op]ations1 z 0 cle>ly se5 9 ! introduction ( new races1 & s =?2 t ! g5]ation :i* _h j witness$ su* dep>tures f :at seem$ ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s 7 d\btless liv+ at an epo* 9 :i* ! huge evolution ( ! univ]se 0 ab\t to exhibit "o ( ^! new phases1 & t ! s]ies ( sequ5ces to :i* !y 7 j becom+ accu/om$ w\ld aft]w>ds cont9ue uni=m = a numb] ( ages2 t su* ?+s 7 no miracles1 b m]ely indicat$ t nature 01 )9 c]ta9 limits1 only v>iably uni=m1 ?\gh %e 0 also1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 uni=mly inv>iable4 ,aft] ?is v cle> deliv]ance ( philosophy1 few p tr\bl$ !mselves ab\t ! claims ( ?is se]1 & 7 s fa/ gett+ accu/om$ to ! new uni=mity1 t x seem$ highly probable t ! v next g5]ation1 or at mo/ ! second1 w\ld beg9 to prate 9 ! old /yle ab\t ! inv>iable uni=mity ( nature1 & to treat all ! anci5t ord] ( ?+s :i* _! prog5itors _h se5 *ang$ z a ly+ fable ( ^? remote ages4 ,enrag$ at su* an unexpect$ result ( 8 op]ations1 ! projector *ang$ 8 plan1 & broke 9 ^u nature ) su* a />tl+ explosion ( s+le miracles1 t !re c\ld be no long] any d\bt t nature 0 nei!r 'v>iably uni=m' nor 'uni=mly inv>iable'3 ! only "q 01 :e!r nature 0 n 'uni=mly v>iable4' ,he set ! sun sp9n+ ?r\gh ! heav5s at su* a rate1 or r at su* a jaunty pace1 t no "o knew :5 to expect ei!r light or d>kness2 m5 n[ froze ) cold1 & n[ melt$ ) heat2 ! seasons seem$ play+ "o gr& masqu]ade2 ! longe/ day & ! %orte/ day1 & no day at all1 succe$$ "o ano!r 9 rapid succession1 & ! :ole univ]se seem$ ?reat5$ ) ru9 & desolation4 ,n[1 he ?\ght1 0 ! "t to put an end to all ?is /range disord]1 & av[ himself ! great ag5t 9 all ^! m>vels6 ,b he f\nd1 to 8 *agr91 t1 s f> f hav+ conv9c$ m5 ( ! be+ & attributes ( ,god1 & ( ! tru? ( ! revelation :i* he _h br\ght !m1 !y 7 nev] less dispos$ to li/5 to any su* /ory2 &1 9 fact1 t ! v few ^: t]ror _h left !m at all 9 possession ( _! s5ses1 _h become p]fectly conv9c$ t ! univ]se 0 "u ! dom9ion ( ,*ance2 & t ! only or?odox belief 9 su* a _w 0 />k ,a!ism4 ,z !re w always be m5 :o w speculate ^u *ance itself1 !re 7 n want+ philosoph]s :o concoct$ admirable !ories ( all ?is disord]1 b n "o ( !m dream$ ( ! true4 ,!y all agre$1 h[ev]1 t ! /ate ( ?+s admitt$ ( no rem$y f any gods1 cele/ial or inf]nal2 = if a div9e artific] _h exi/$1 !y said1 x c\ld n h occurr$4 ,& ?us ! miracles :i* 7 design$ by ?is great man to conv9ce ! _w ( a ,god1 s]v$ = a demon/ration t !re 0 & c\ld be none6 ,!y equally s]v$ also to /ifle ! sage's claims to be consid]$ ,god's mess5g]1 =1 unhappily exhort+ a l>ge cr[d to believe t he 0 ! cause ( all ! mis]y & t]ror :i* !y _h suff]$1 !y 7 s exasp]at$ t !y took summ>y v5geance on him3 ^u :i* ! sun resum$ 8 wont$ quiet pace aga9 ?r\gh ! heav5s1 & e ?+ fell into ! old h>moni\s jogtrot ( uni=mity4 ,philosoph]s :o liv$ at a di/ance f ! sc5e ( ! prophet's exit quietly adju/$ _! old !ory to ! new ph5om5a1 & %[$ mo/ conclusively t ! :ole tra9 ( ?+s _h be5 j :at mu/ necess>ily h be51 & c\ld n b h happ5$1 )\t ! mo/ s]i\s consequ5ces2 :ile ^? :o liv$ ne> to ! sc5e a=esaid1 & 7 privy to ! circum/ances1 speculat$ ^u ! curi\s co9cid5ce betwe5 ! impo/or's dea? & ! return ( nature to h] ord]4 ,x 0 well1 !y said1 t su* ?+s did n happ5 (t51 or !y c\ld n fail to give rise to "s sup]/iti\s notions z to "s law ( causation betwe5 ignorant fanaticism & ! sublime/ ph5om5a ( ! univ]se4 ,i ask$ my visitor h[ x f>$ ) ! _m :o h object$ to ! cle>ness & =ce ( prophecy1 & :o h n scrupl$ to ass]t1 t1 if prophecies _h be5 giv51 !y w\ld h be5 giv5 9 su* a %ape z w\ld h made _! claims m pla91 & _! fulfilm5t m incontrov]tible4 ,7 !re none :o reli$ on ?is mode ( demon/rat+ ! reality ( a div9e revelation1 & manife/+ _! claims to be reg>d$ z an embassy f heav58 ,_m1 he repli$1 s _m t x 7 t$i\s to detail !m4 ,b y are q mi/ak5 if y suppose x possible t ev5 ,god c employ any moral me?ods :i* man _c evade2 h[ mu* less ! fools :o ?9k !y c improve ^u 86 ,! wisdom ( ,god1 said he1 ) a melan*oly smile1 is no mat* = ! +5uity ( man4 ,z to y\r pres5t "q1 y "k !re h be5 p]sons :o h cont9ually compla9$ 9 y\r _w t prophecy is s obscure t ! ev5t _c be c]ta9ly kn[n to h be5 ref]r$ to by x1 or else s pla9 t1 ipso facto1 x proves t ! pr$iction mu/ h be5 compos$ aft] ! ev5t4 ,n[ x 0 precisely 9 attempt+ ! ju/e milieu betwe5 ^! extremes t our prophetical speculators wreck$ !mselves4 ,m5 always _h x to say t _! prophecies _h be5 ei!r too pla9 or too obscure2 or1 if v pla91 & yet z pla9ly writt5 be=e ! ev5t1 t _! v pla9ness _h insur$ _! own accompli%m5t by prompt+ to ! v actions & conduct !y s cle>ly indicat$6 ,i c easily conceive t1 ,i answ]$4 ,b n[ = ano!r problem4 ,n a few ( our old] infidels compla9$ ( ! revelation 9 ! ,bible on ! score t ! maxims ( conduct :i* x deliv]s are too g5]al to be ( any use1 because ! application ( !m is /ill left to be adju/$ by a ref]5ce to p>ticul> circum/ances2 & t1 if a revelation 7 fram$1 x ought to take 9 all ! limitations ( action1 & furni%1 9 fact1 a complete sy/em ( casui/ry2 o!rwise x w\ld be ( no avail4 ,7 !re none :o attempt$ ?is task8 ,five-&-tw5ty m51 he answ]$1 :o 7 de/9$ to be a torm5t to "o ano!r1 7 in/ruct$ to compile su* a sy/em ( rules1 & publi% !m = ! b5efit ( a c]ta9 community z an infallible rule ( life4 ,& h !y complet$ x8 ,complet$ x6 ,!y h be5 sitt+ n[ = two hundr$ ye>s1 & h n yet exhau/$ ! inf9itude ( cases to be dige/$ "u _! v fir/ capitul>y4 ,he said t be+ all ( !m +5i\s m51 all anxi\s to %[ _! +5uity1 & kn[+ t _! cr$it 0 /ak$ ^u ! complet5ess ( _! sy/em1 x 0 incr$ible :at /range & ridicul\s cont+5cies & comb9ations ( circum/ance !y _h sugge/$ z modify+ ! application ( _! g5]al rules4 ,! books ( law1 volum9\s z !y are 9 mo/ civiliz$ c\ntries1 7 concis5ess itself comp>$ ) ?is new code ( morals4 ,x 0 ?\ght by _m1 t ! labors ( ! commission]s w\ld n come to an end till long aft] ! race = ^: b5efit x 0 design$ _h ceas$ to exi/4 ,afraid1 app>5tly1 ( su* a direful cont+5cy1 !y _h publi%$1 ab\t ?ree ye>s be=e1 ! fir/ "p1 9 sev5ty-five folio volumes1 conta9+ limitations1 illu/rative cases1 exceptions1 & modifications1 9 relation to t v obscure g5]al maxim1 ',d unto o!rs z ye w\ld t o!rs %\ld d unto y4' ,all que/ions app]ta9+ to ?is po9t 7 f t "t to be decid$ by ! precise /atem5ts conta9$ 9 ^! /atutes at l>ge4 ,b _! m]e publication suffic$ to make an incr$ible numb] ( infidels 9 ! au?ority ( ! commission4 ,su* a volum9\s rule1 !y truly said1 c\ld be no rule at all1 & c\ld be fruitful ( no?+ b ev]la/+ litigation4 ,if 7!y admitt$7 g5]al maxims _h be5 z briefly z possible laid d[n1 & m5's common s5se _h be5 left to int]pret & apply !m ) ! requisite re/rictions1 !re w\ld be mu* m to be said = _! div9e orig94 ,b on su* a sy/em1 no man1 if he liv$ = a ?\s& ye>s1 c\ld tell :at 8 duty 04 ,_m compla9$ t1 be=e !y f\nd ! rule = :i* !y 7 9 se>*1 ! "t = its application _h pass$ away4 ,_m excus$ !mselves f comply+ ) ! dictates ( ju/ice & *>ity1 because !y c\ld n discov] ! cases t relat$ to _! special circum/ances2 "s ev5 d5i$ t ! rules c\ld h be5 devis$ by heav5ly wisdom1 because1 hav+ c>efully /udi$ ! :ole ( ! sev5ty-five volumes1 !y did n hesitate to say1 t !re 7 _m cases :i* _h n be5 provid$ = at all6 ,i 0 s amus$ ) ?is la/ disa/r\s attempt to con/ruct a revelation1 t ,i laugh$ outright1 & 9 s do+ awoke4 ,i f\nd t my lamp 0 fa/ go+ out2 s1 dismiss+ ! innoc5t volume ( ,leibnitz :i* _h sugge/$ all ^! incongruities1 ,i w5t to b$2 firmly conv9c$ t ! %ad[s ( m5 9 ! ,p>adise ( ,fools are ab\t z wise & +5i\s z are m5 !mselves4 ,july #bh4 ,i _h ?is morn+ "s curi\s1 &1 if x _h n be5 = ! grave importance ( ! subject1 amus+ conv]sation ) ,mr4 ,fell[es on 8 views1 or r 8 no views1 respect+ a future life4 ,he said he wi%$ he c\ld make up 8 m9d :e!r ! doctr9e 0 true2 also :e!r1 z "s ( 8 favorite writ]s suppos$1 x 0 ( no spiritual importance to decide x4 ,i said x c]ta9ly did seem ( "s importance4 ,i rem9d$ him ( ,pascal's say+1 t he c\ld excuse m5's cont5t$ ignorance ) any ?+ r ?an t4 ,!y are n oblig$1 says he1 to exam9e ! ,cop]nican sy/em2 b x is vital to ! :ole ( exi/5ce to asc]ta9 :e!r ! s\l is mortal or n4 ,mr4 ,newman1 said ,fell[es1 ?9ks v diff]5tly3 b !n 8 :ole m9d is diff]5tly con/itut$ f ,pascal's4 ,i admitt$ x1 ( c\rse4 ,mr4 ,newman's views1 he cont9u$1 on ! subject1 c]ta9ly d n q satisfy me2 & yet !y are v sublime4 ,if he has any hope 9 ?is matt]1 7( :i* he appe>s n absolutely de/itute17 x is f ! %e] /r5g? ( a 'fai?' :i* triumphs ov] all ob/acles1 or r hangs ^u no?+4 ,he ridicules all intellectual pro(s1 & at ! same "t decl>es t 8 'spiritual insight' des]ts him4 ,x is a fai? pure f all reason1 & f all 'insight' too4 ,z to insight 9 ?is matt]1 ,i mu/ agree ) him1 t1 to asc]ta9 ! fact ( a future life by 'direct vision1' is 'to me hi!rto impossible4' ,h>r+ton1 :o 0 sitt+ by1 smil$3 ,y speak ( y\r 'insight' & 'direct vision' mu* z a ,highl&] might talk ( 8 'second sight4' ,z to y\r pres5t difficulty1 d y rememb] ! advice ( ,ranald ( ! ,mi/ to ,allan ,m',aulay1 :5 ! 'vision' ob/9ately av]t$ its face f him8 ',h y rev]s$ y\r own plaid1' said ,ranald1 'accord+ to ! rule ( ! exp]i5c$ se]s 9 su* cases8' ,y d n we> a plaid1 ,george1 b suppose y try ! exp]im5t ( turn+ y\r coat inside out4 ,really1 ,h>r+ton1 said ,fell[es1 ) becom+ solemnity1 'insight' is f> too s]i\s a subject to joke ^u4 ,:y1 my de> fell[1 said ! o!r1 y d n ?9k ,i am go+ to treat y\r 'insight' ) m respect ?an we treat ! ,bible4 ,odi pr(anum1 said ,fell[es1 almo/ angrily4 ,no man hate? 8 own fle%1 said ,h>r+ton1 ) provok+ quiet2 & t1 ,i am sure1 is f no pr(ane writ]4 ,z to ! 'odi pr(anum1' :y1 ,i %all simply say1 t ',y c quote x1 ,) z mu* tru? z he :o wrote x4' ,s say+1 he left ! room4 ,i 0 n sorry t he 0 gone1 z ,i ?\ght p]haps ,fell[es might be m communicative4 ,i ask$ him :y he felt ,mr4 ,newman's argum5ts on ?is subject unsatisfactory2 :y he c\ld n acquiesce 9 !m4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 said he1 ,i 0 /ruck ) ! fact1 t1 :ile admitt+ t he _h no 'spiritual insight' on ! subject ( a future life1 he yet admits t o!rs may h enjoy$ :at is impossible to him2 t !re may be s\ls favor$ ) ?is 'vision1' ?\gh cl\ds obscure 8 own4 ,x is true he has admitt$ 7& inde$ :o c d5y x87 t ! spiritual faculty is n equally develop$ 9 all m52--?\gh1 z x is n1 ,i feel "s difficulty 9 reject+ ! argum5ts h5ce aris+ = ! possibility & utility ( an ext]nal revelation2--yet at ! be/1 if ! faculty may be s unc]ta9 9 ref]5ce to s important a "q1 :5 consult$ by s dilig5t & deep a /ud5t ( its oracles z ,mr4 ,newman1 if ev5 8 s\l may be dubi\s on su* a po9t1--:y1 ^u my s\l1 ,i sometimes h>dly "k :at to ?9k4 ,aga91 ,mr4 ,newman says1 t "s may h1 z by special privilege f ,god1 :at is d5i$ to him4 ,n[ really ?is looks a little too mu* l favor+ ! vulg> view ( inspiration1 nay1 a sort ( ,calv9i/ic 'election' 9 ?is matt]2 x seems to me to ca/ d\bts bo? on ! compet5cy & ! uni=mity ( ! sublime 'spiritual faculty1' ev5 :5 mo/ s$ul\sly consult$4 ,x does look a little l x1 said ,i2 & :at next8 ,9 ! next place1 ,i am free to confess1 t1 if ,i may be all[$ to argue aga9/ su* an au?ority-- ,o1 rememb]1 ,i pray1 t y are ( ! s*ool ( free ?\ght3 d n ,bibliolatrize4 ,to /ate my views freely !n3 ,i mu/ say1 t1 if ?is suspect$ doctr9e be n "o ( ! unsophi/icat$ utt]ances ( ! spiritual nature ( man1 ,i am almo/ l$ to d\bt :e!r ! cle>ness ) :i* ! spirituali/ 'gazes' on ! re/ may n possibly be an illusion4 ,= if any tru? w\ld seem to be a dictate ( nature1 x is a sort ( dim conviction or impression ( a future /ate4 ,we see x1 9 "s %ape or o!r1 ext5sively believ$ by all nations1 & =m+ a feature ( all sy/ems ( religion1 h[ev] degrad$ !y may be4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,fox m5tions x z "o ( ^? ?+s :i* are c]ta9ly *>act]i/ic ( ! absolute religion2 s does ,mr4 ,p>k]4 ,mr4 ,fox expressly affirms t ! approximate univ]sality ( ! belief ju/ifies ! application ( 8 crit]ion = detect+ ! et]nally 'true' "u ! ,protean %apes ( ! 'false' 9 religion2 x is "o ( ! po9ts1 he says1 9 :i* !y are all agre$4 ,:i*1 said ,i1 if true1 is p]haps ! only po9t 9 :i* all religions are agre$1 unless we affirm t !y h all recogniz$ a ,deity1 because mo/ ( !m h recogniz$ ?\s&s4 ,yet z m5's ,gods h v>i$ betwe5 ! ,inf9ite ,creator & a monkey1 s 9 relation to ?is article ( a 'future life1' x mu/ be confess$ t !re is a little diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,heav5 ( a ,*ri/ian1 ! ,p>adise ( a ,mahometan1 & ! ,valhalla ( an anci5t ,go?4 ,/ill1 z y say1 x is true t1 9 "s %ape or o!r1 nations h m di/9ctly recogniz$ ! idea ( an aft] exi/5ce1 ?an any o!r assignable religi\s t5et4 ,y "k1 resum$ ,fell[es1 t 9 ! draught ( 'natural religion' giv5 u by ,"l ,h]b]t1 t writ] p>ticul>ly insi/s on ?is z "o ( ! articles :i* nature itself tea*es u1 z among/ ! 'common notions1' a s5tim5t innate to ! human m9d4 ,n[ if su* ma/]s z ,mr4 ,newman may be 9 d\bt ab\t our innate s5tim5ts1 truly ,i sc>cely "k :at to ?9k4 ,y c easily decide1 said ,i1 gravely1 & decide infallibly4 ,h[ s8 ,consult t spiritual faculty :i* ,mr4 ,newman says y h z well z he or ,"l ,h]b]t4 ,if y\r !ory be true1 h[ c !re be any d\bt z to y\r 'innate' s5tim5ts8 ,if y say !y are writt5 9 v small *>act]s1 & require to be magnifi$ by somebody's microscope1 t1 recollect1 is tantam\nt to ackn[l$g+ ! possible utility ( an ext]nal revelation4 ,b :at next8 ,well1 !n1 if ,i mu/ confess all ! tru?1 ,i ?\ght ,mr4 ,newman h>dly fair 9 8 exhibition ( ,paul's reason+ on ?is matt]4 ,he1 if y recollect1 says t ,paul seems to h re/$ ! belief ( ,*ri/'s resurrection v little ^u evid5ce1 :i* he receiv$ v cr$ul\sly1 ^u v insuffici5t pro(1 & 9 a mann] :i* w\ld h mov$ ! laught] ( ,paley2 t1 9 %ort1 he c>$ v little ab\t ! evid5ce1 & arriv$ ma9ly at 8 convictions 9 virtue ( 8 'spiritual aspirations'2 t x 0 r 8 /rong aspirations aft] immortality :i* made ,paul believe ! suppos$ fact1 ?an ! suppos$ fact :i* gave /r5g? to 8 aspirations aft] immortality4 ,n[ x is v cle> 7f texts :i*1 = :atsoev] reasons1 are n quot$ by ,mr4 ,newman71 t ! ,apo/le ,paul made 8 :ole argum5t dep5d on ! alleg$ fact ( ,*ri/'s resurrection1 :e!r c>elessly receiv$ or n3 ',if ,*ri/ be n ris51 !n is y\r fai? va91 & our prea*+ is also va9 4444 ,!n are we ( all m5 mo/ mis]able4' ,b y recollect t ,mr4 ,newman alleges t ,paul deals v sup]ficially ) ! evid5ce1--) t ( ! 'five hundr$1' = example4 ,he obs]ves t ,paley w\ld h made a widely diff]5t matt] ( x4 ,see h[ v>i\sly m5 may argue1 repli$ ,fell[es1 c&idly4 ,i 0 talk+ on t v po9t ) "o ( ! or?odox ! o!r day1 & he reason$ 9 "s su* way z ?is3-- ,on ! supposition1 he said1 t ! possession ( miracul\s p[]s 0 notori\s 9 ! ,*ur*1--t _m ( ^? :om ,paul address$ _h actually witness$ !m1--t ! ,gospel1 :5 prea*$ by him & by ! o!r ,apo/les1 0 confirm$ by 'signs & wond]s1'--no?+ c\ld be m natural ?an ! v tone :i* ! ,apo/les employ$3 t1 s f> f its be+ suspici\s1 x 0 "o ( ! true/ t\*es ( nature & v]isimilitude 9 _! compositions2 s mu* s1 t1 suppos+ !re 7 no miracles1 t v tone requir$ itself to be acc\nt$ = z unnatural2 he said t x is1 9 fact1 j ! way 9 :i* m5 talk & write ( any o!r extraord9>y ev5ts :i* notori\sly happ5$ 9 _! "t4 ,!y nev] ?9k ( po/]ity1 & :at x may ?9k2 ( anticipat+ ei!r future d\bts or *>ges ( fraud4 ,x is natural t m5 %\ld speak 9 ?is1 z we %\ld call x1 loose way1 ( :at is transpir+ "u _! v noses4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 !re _h be5 no miracles to appeal to1 s z to r5d] ?is /yle z natural z1 on ! contr>y supposition1 x 0 ! rev]se1 he c\ld n1 he said1 imag9e1 t1 9 t or any o!r age1 any m51 especially m5 oppos$ to su* pret5sions1 w\ld s easily h be5 satisfi$1 ev5 _h ! ,apo/les conf9$ !mselves to rumors ( alleg$ di/ant miracles2 b mu* less :]e simil> wond]s 7 said to h be5 br\ght "u ! eyes ( ! v p>ties to :om ! appeal 0 made6 ,he said he w\ld ev5 g a /ep fur!r1 & affirm t1 "u ! circum/ances ( ! pr(ess$ notoriety ( ! miracul\s occurr5ces to :i* ,paul & ! o!r ,apo/les appeal$1 any decl>ation t !y _h in/itut$ t c>eful scrut9y ( evid5ce1 t m9ute circum/antial cross-exam9ation ( ! witnesses1--:i* w\ld be a c\rse all v well 9 ! days ( ,paley1 eighte5 hundr$ ye>s aft]1 b absolutely prepo/]\s !n1--w\ld h appe>$ to our age a mu* m suspici\s ?+ ?an ! tone actually adopt$2 t ! scrupul\s deposition ( te*nical pro( w\ld h be5 f9ess+ too mu*1 & w\ld h be5 ! /ronge/ pro( ( collusion4 ,! v tone object$ to1 he said1 suppos+ !re 7 no miracles1 is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ pro(s ( ! a/oni%+ sagacity ( ^! m52 = x is j ! tone !y w\ld h us$ if !re _h be54 ,s diff]5tly may m5 reason f ! same data6 ,:e!r 7he conclud$7 ,mr4 ,newman's view ( ! facts1 or 81 0 f\nd$ on a deep] & m compreh5sive k ( human nature1 he mu/ leave to my judgm5t4 ,i prote/1 said ,i1 ,i ?9k ! or?odox _h ! be/ ( x4 ,b :at /ruck y next z unacc\ntable 9 ,mr4 ,newman's view ( ?is subject ( a future life8 ,i confess1 !n1 t ! reason+ by :i* he endeavors to %[ t1 ev5 admitt+ ! fact ( ,*ri/'s resurrection1 !re c\ld be no?+ 9 x to w>rant ! expectation ( ! resurrection ( any o!r human be+s1 simply because he mu/ h diff]$ s /up5d\sly f all ! re/ ( mank9d1 appe>s to me v damag+ to u4 ,( :at use is x1 to argue ^u su* an hypo!sis8 ,( none 9 ! _w1 c]ta9ly1 said ,i1 laugh+4 ,surely n1 he repli$2 = if ,*ri/'s resurrection be admitt$1 we "k v well x w c>ry ) x1 9 ! e/imation ( ! bulk ( mank9d1 all ! o!r great facts implicat$ ) ! ,*ri/ian sy/em4 ,!y w conc$e1 at once1 ! sup]natural "*1 ! div9e orig91 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,i suppose !m sc>cely ev] 0 a man :o admitt$ ^! premises :o w\ld tr\ble himself to conte/ ! conclusion4 ,b s]i\sly1 cont9u$ ?is half-rep5tant admir]1 almo/ fright5$ at ! ext5t ( 8 own fre$om ( ?\ght1 ?\gh ,i _c say ,i am satisfi$ ) ,mr4 ,newman's notions on ?is subject1 --&1 9 fact1 _c make up my m9d ^u x1--c !re be any ?+ morally m sublime ?an ! view1 t ! doctr9e ( immortality1 :i* has be5 sup]ficially suppos$1 if n necess>y1 yet s conducive to s9c]e & elevat$ piety1 may be readily disp5s$ )1 z no way necess>y 7z ,mr4 ,newman feels7 = ! spiritual n\ri%m5t ( ! s\l8 ',confid5ce1' he says1 '!re is none2 & hopeful aspiration is ! s\l's highe/ /ate4 ,b1 !n1 !re is h]e9 no?+ :at ev] to di/ress h]2 no cl\d ( grief crosses ! area ( h] vision1 z %e gazes upw>ds4' ,he ev5 intimates t1 f ! /ress laid ^u immortality by 'mod]n div9es1' !y might seem to be 'inc>nations ( selfi%ness4' ,he says x t5ds to 'degrade religion into a prud5tial reg>d = our int]e/s aft] dea?'2 t 'consci5ce1 ! love ( virtue1 = its own sake1 & mu* m ! love ( ,god1 are ignor$4' ,_m ( ! 'spiritual' s*ool agree ) him 9 ?is2 & "s ev5 affirm t ! hope ( immortal felicity is b a bribe to selfi%ness4 ,c any ?+ be m elevat$ or orig9al ?an ?is view8 ,z to ! elevation1 said ,i1 ,i confess ,i pref] ! spectacle ( ,socrates1 rely+ ev5 on feeble argum5ts r ?an s9k to ?is tame acquiesc5ce 9 a notion s degrad+ to ! ,deity1 z t man 0 creat$ = a dog's life ) ! torm5t+ aspiration = some?+ bett]4 ,! spectacle ( ! hea!n sage1 :o1 amid/ ! ?ick gloom1 ! 'palpable obscure1' :i* involv$ ?is subject1 gaz$ int5tly into ! d>kness1 & 'long$ = ! day1'--:o /ra9$ e n]ve ( an insuffici5t logic1 & 0 will+ to take ev5 ! :isp]s ( hope = ! oracles ( tru?1 r ?an "p ) ! prospect ( immortality1--is1 to my m9d1 mu* m attractive4 ,z to ! orig9ality ( ! view y j express$1 :y1 x is m]ely a resurrection ( "o ( ! !ories ( "s ( our v 'spiritual dei/s' a c5tury ago4 ,coll9s & ,%aftesbury 71 9 l mann]1 appreh5sive le/ an elevat$ 'virtue' %\ld suff] at all f ?is brib]y ( a hope ( a 'bless$ immortality'2 z y may see 9 ! ,*>act]i/ics4 ,= my own "p1 ,i c]ta9ly h my d\bts :e!r virtue w be ! less virtu\s1 or spirituality ! less spiritual1 = su* a doctr9e2 & ,i mu/ believe x ev5 on ! hypo!sis ( y spiritual folks2 = y g5]ally affirm t ! ,belief ( a ,future ,life does n really ex]cise any ?+ m ?an an insignificant influ5ce on human nature2 ! hopes & ! fe>s ( t s di/ant a morr[ are too vague to be op]ative4 ,n[1 if x be s1 immortality c be no m a bribe ?an a m5ace4 ,yet1 said ,fell[es1 9 ju/ice to ,mr4 ,newman1 x mu/ n be =gott51 t he ?9ks t 'a firm belief ( immortality mu/ h v en]getic =ce1' provid$ x 'rises out ( insight'2 x is z 'an ext]nal dogma' t he ?9ks x ( little efficacy4 ,he says1 y "k1 t1 suppos+ ,paul to h _h ?is insight1 '8 light c d u no good1 :ile x is a light outside ( u4 ,if he 9 any way confus$ ! conclusions ( 8 logic 7:i* is (t5 extremely inconsequ5t & mi/ak57 ) ! p]ceptions ( 8 div9ely illum9at$ s\l1 our belief might prove baseless4' 7,s\l1 pp4 #bbf4 #bbg47 ,^! are 8 v words4 ,v well1 !n2 say t ,mr4 ,newman ?9ks ! notions ( a future hell ( little efficacy2 & ( a future heav5 ( z little1 except :5 x rises f 'insight'2--he confess+ t he has n t 'insight1' &2 f ! necessity ( ! case1 n kn[+ :e!r any body else has1 x be+ a 'light outside him4' ,if s1 ,i ?9k he is mu* l ! re/ ( y1 & _c 9 fact suppose ! ?\ght ( a future life to op]ate /rongly ei!r z a bribe or a m5ace4 ,b1 surely1 :atev] 8 views1 or ^? ( any individual1 y mu/ admit t a piety :i* is su/a9$ )\t any hopes ( immortality is less selfi% ?an t :i* is4 ,:y1 repli$ ,i1 laugh+2 ,i _c conceive h[ ! hope ( a virtu\s immortality c produce a vici\s self-love4 ,b if ! hope & ! consci\sness ( happ9ess n[ ex]cise any influ5ce at all1 y\r argum5t proves too mu*2 & !re is a simple impossibility ( be+ unselfi%ly religi\s at all4 ,h[ s8 ,d y ?9k t1 admitt+ n only ! unc]ta9ty ( any future life1 b ! c]ta9ty t !re is none1 & t nev]!less 7z y affirm7 man1 "u t conviction1 is j z capable ( manife/+ a true devotion & piety t[>ds ,god1 any felicity fl[s f 8 s do+8 ,! highe/1 ( c\rse1 said he4 ,d y ?9k t ! happ9ess s d]iv$ & expect$ f day to day has any s9i/] influ5ce on ! spiritual life ( him :o feels x8 ,( c\rse1 none4 ,! contr>y1 p]haps8 ,i ?9k s4 ,!n nei!r ne$ ! expectation ( an et]nity ( su* bless$ness be any imp$im5t4 ,aga92 let u come to facts2 are n ! decl>ations ( ^? :om ,mr4 ,newman1 h[ev] oddly1 is will+ to admit h be5 ! be/ specim5s yet af=d$ ( 8 true 'spiritual' man1--! ,doddridges1 ! ,flet*]s1 ! ,baxt]s1 & ,paul especially1--full ( ?is s5tim5t8 ',i desire to dep>t1' says ,paul1 '& to be ) ,*ri/1 :i* is f> bett]'2 & simil> selfi% hopes inspir$ ^? excell5t m5 ^: names /ill rise spontane\sly to ,mr4 ,newman's memory :5 he w\ld rem9d u ( examples ( 8 'spiritual religion6 ,tell me1 d y n ?9k ,paul a 'spiritual' man8 ,yes2 ) all 8 blund]s1 said ,fell[es1 ,i d2 & ,mr4 ,newman's writ+s are full ( t admission4 ,v true4 ,b !n ,paul is s selfi%1 y "k1 z to say1 n m]ely t ! immortality ( man is true1 & t ! 'light afflictions :i* are b = a mom5t' are to be despis$1 because unwor?y 'to be comp>$ ) ! glory to be reveal$'2 b t1 if immortality be n true1 ,*ri/ians1 z delud$ 9 su* hopes1 are ( all m5 mo/ mis]able4 ,all ?is %[s h[ p[]fully ! 'spiritual' ,paul ?\ght t ! doctr9e ( a future /ate op]at$ & ought to op]ate on ! m9d ( a ,*ri/ian2 he nev] suppos$ t x c\ld possibly h a negative1 /ill less a s9i/] influ5ce4' ,b !n1 surely1 :at ,mr4 ,newman says is true1 t _m ( ! sa9ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t exemplifi$ all ! h]oism ( a true fai?1 & k9dl$ ) ! ardors ( a true devotion1 9 an ignorance ( any su* /ate1 & ! abs5ce ( all su* expectations4 ,i answ]1 t ,mr4 ,newman too (t5 speaks z if 8 individual impressions 7 to be tak5 = demon/ration4 ,t ! ,old ,te/am5t is unp]vad$ by any di/9ct traces ( expectations ( a future life is1 at all ev5ts1 n ! op9ion ( ! majority ( m51 _m ( !m at lea/ z capable ( judg+ z ,mr4 ,newman4 ,x is n ! op9ion ( ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t ! ,old ,te/am5t wor?ies 7 9 ?is deplorable d>kness2 nor ( ! majority ( ! ,jewi% int]pret]s ( _! ance/ors' writ+s2 nor is x ! impression ( ! great majority ( ^? :o n[ read !m4 ,h[ x c be ! op9ion ( any "o :o has n "s hypo!sis to s]ve1 is to me a my/]y4 ,mean:ile ,mr4 ,newman himself at lea/ gives "s notable passages to ! contr>y1 ?\gh he *ooses to call !m only p]sonal aspirations4 ,?9k ( ! absurdity1 my good fri5d1 ( suppos+ t ,job1 ,david1 ,isaiah1 fail$ to realize a doctr9e 7imp]fectly x may be7 :i*1 z y truly affirm1 has1 9 "s %ape or o!r1 animat$ all =ms ( religion6 t ^! brighte/ specim5s ( 'spiritual religion' 9 ! anci5t _w someh[ miss$ :at _m ( ! l[e/ savages h manag$ to /umble ^u6 ,well1 he repli$1 b1 aft] all1 he :o loves ,god )\t any ?\ght ( heav5 mu/ surely be m unselfi% ?an he :o hopes = x4 ,i laugh$1--= ,i c\ld n help x4 ,unhappy ,paul6 int]ject$ ,h>r+ton1 :o _h aga9 ent]$ ! libr>y2 unhappy ,paul6 ,burd5$ ) ! hopes ( immortality2 :at an imp$im5t he mu/ h f\nd x 9 8 ,*ri/ian c\rse6 ,i wond] he did n ?r[ aside '?is weight1 :i* s easily beset him4' ,pity t :5 he became a ,*ri/ian1 & ceas$ to be a ,ph>isee1 he did n1 l s _m 'spiritual' ,*ri/ians ( our day1 "k t1 :5 he became a ,*ri/ian1 he might /ill rema9 9 "o ( ! ,jewi% sects1 & turn ,sadducee4 ,be x s1 said ,fell[es1 a ,*ri/ian ,sadducee1 caet]is p>tibus1 might p]haps be a m virtu\s man hav+ no hopes ( heav5 by :i* he c possibly be brib$4 ,religi\s love & hope1 said ,i1 w ) difficulty exi/ 9 su* an atmosph]e z y create4 ,x is a sublime altitude1 d\btless1 b no ord9>y 'spiritual' be+s c brea! t r>efi$ air4 ,x is = ! honor ( ,%aftesbury & "s few o!r ,dei/s1 t !y aspir$ to ?is transc5d5tal virtue6 ,y are imitat+ !m4 ,i fe> y w n be m successful4 ,once leave a man to conclude1 or ev5 to suspect1 t he & 8 cat end toge!r1 &1 if a bad man1 he w gladly accept a release f e claim b t ( 8 passions & appetites 7! effects be+ m or less philosophically calculat$ accord+ to 8 intellectual p[]72 :ile ! be/ man w\ld be liable to contemplate ,god & religion ) a depress$ & falt]+ he>t4 ,he w\ld be apt to lose all en]gy2 he w\ld feel x impossible to repress d\bts ( ! inf9ite wisdom & b5ignity ( ,him 7:atev] he might ?9k ( ,8 p[]7 :o _h giv5 him ! s\l ( a man & ! life ( a butt]fly2 conceptions & aspirations s totally disproportion$ to ! evanesc5ce ( 8 be+6 ,if1 h[ev]1 y really ?9k t ! hopes ( an immortality ( virtu\s happ9ess w /& 9 ! way ( a sublime dis9t]e/$ness ( spirituality1 y ought to recollect t any expectation ( happ9ess1 ev5 = a day1 w1 9 its measure1 h ! same effect4 ,s t ! only way 9 :i* y c accommodate s 'spiritual a piety1' & absolutely insure y\rself aga9/ 'spiritual brib]y1' is to deprive y\rself ( all possibility ( be+ s misl$4 ,if y\r piety w\ld be absolutely sure t x loves ,god on ^! sublime t]ms1 x %\ld take c>e to neutralize ! happ9ess :i* t love br+s ) x2 s t1 if ,god has n made y mis]able1 y %\ld nev] fail1 l ! ascetics1 to make y\rself s4 ,i fe> y nev] c be p]fectly 'spiritual' till y h made y\rself supremely wret*$4 ,b to quit ?is po9t1 ,i cont9u$2 if immortality be a delusion1 ,i fe> we say t x cov]s ! div9e adm9i/ration ) an p5etrable cl\d1--"o :i* we _c hope w remov$4 ,! inequalities ( t adm9i/ration n be r$ress$4 ,b d y n recollect1 repli$ ,fell[es1 reason ,mr4 ,newman gives = despis+ any su* mitigation8 ,does he n say1 t x is a /range argum5t = a day ( recomp5se1 t man has unsatisfi$ claims ^u ,god8 ,he says1 ',*ri/ians h add$ an argum5t ( _! own = a future /ate1 b1 un=tunately1 "o t _c br+ p]sonal com=t or assurance4 ,a future /ate 7x seems7 is requisite to r$ress ! inequalities ( ?is life4 ,& c ,i g to ! ,supreme ,judge1 & tell ,him t ,i des]ve m happ9ess ?an ,he has grant$ me 9 ?is life8' ,d y n recollect ?is8--or has ?is s>casm escap$ y8 ,x has n escap$ me1--,i rememb] x well2 b x seems to h escap$ y1 t x is a v transp>5t sophism4 ,= :at is x b a pret5ce t ! ,*ri/ian 9 g5]al is confid5t en\gh ( 8 virtue to ?9k t he has n be5 suffici5tly well treat$1 & t 8 ,creator & ,judge _c d less ?an make am5ds = 8 inju/ice1 by giv+ him comp5sation 9 ano!r _w8 ,& is n t ! true /atem5t ( ! case8 ,i imag9e n2 :e!r m5 be ,*ri/ians or o!rwise4 ,! g5]ality1 :5 !y reason ^u ?is subject1 7y & ,i1 = example1 at ?is v mom5t17 n at all consid]+ ! aspect ( su* a day ^u !mselves2 h[ mu* !y w lose if !re be none2 p]haps ! bulk w\ld wi% t x c\ld be prov$ t x w\ld nev] come6 ,x has be5 f a wi% to escape great speculative p]plexities1 connect$ ) ! div9e adm9i/ration1 & n 9 relation to man's des]ts1 t ! "q has be5 argu$4 ,:5 dictat$ by o!r feel+s1 ! conviction ( a future /ate has be5 q z g5]ally ! utt]ance ( remorse & fe>1 ! response ( an accus+ consci5ce1 z ( hope & aspiration2 & d]ives1 p]haps1 a t]rible significance f t circum/ance4 ,b x has c]ta9ly n be51 9 ! ,*ri/ian1 ! result ( any absurd expectation ( virtues to be rew>d$1 or rights to be r$ress$4 ,z to ! ,*ri/ian1 ?\gh he feels t he w\ld n1 & d>e n1 g to ! div9e tribunal ) any su* absurd plea z ,mr4 ,newman is pleas$ to put into 8 m\?1--?\gh he _c impea* ! div9e goodness1--he none ! less feels t t goodness1 if ?is sc5e be all1 is op5 to v griev\s impea*m5t 9 relation to millions :o h suff]$ mu*1 & done no wrong1 & to multitudes m :o h inflict$ inf9ite wrong1 & suff]$ next to no?+2 & !y w\ld fa91 if !y c\ld1 get ov] difficulties :i* ,mr4 ,newman *ooses1 f ! m]e exig5cies ( 8 !ology1 to repres5t z no difficulties at all4 ,to escape !m or to solve !m is ! ?+ pr9cipally 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o cont5d = a day ( recomp5se2 n ! imag9>y comp5sation ( individual wrongs4 ,i d cont5d t1 if ?is _w be all1 ! div9e adm9i/ration 9 _m po9ts is m hopelessly oppos$ to our moral in/9cts1 & to all our notions ( equity & b5evol5ce1 ?an any ?+ on :i* y spirituali/s are accu/om$ to ju/ify y\r c5sure ( ,scripture4 ,y ought1 z ,h>r+ton says1 to g fur!r4 ,july #cj4 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ ye/]day morn+ by a conv]sation betwe5 ,h>r+ton & two pleasant y\?s1 acqua9tances ( ,mr4 ,fell[es1 bo? y\ng] by ?ree or f\r ye>s ?an ei!r he or ,h>r+ton4 ,!y are n[ at college1 & h imbib$ 9 diff]5t degrees t curi\s !ory :i*1 pr(ess$ly recogniz+ ,*ri/ianity 7z consign$ to ! ,new ,te/am5t7 z a truly div9e revelation1 yet ass]ts t x is int]m+l$ ) a l>ge am\nt ( error & absurdity1 & tells ea* man to elim9ate ! div9e elem5t = himself4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 ! problem ( elicit+ reveal$ tru? may be said to be indet]m9ate2 ( ! unkn[n x v>ies ?r\gh all degrees ( magnitude2 x is equal to any ?+1 equal to e ?+1 equal to no?+1 equal to inf9ity4 ,! :ole p>ty ?\ght1 ) ! exception ( ,h>r+ton1 :o knew n :at to ?9k1 t ! religi\s faculty or faculties 7"o or _m1--no man seems to "k exactly7 are q suffici5t to decide all d\bts & difficulties 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,h>r+ton knew n :e!r to say !re 0 any tru? 9 ,*ri/ianity or n2 ,fell[es knew t !re 0 none1 except 9 t religi\s elem5t1 ,:i* is f\nd alike ess5tially 9 all religions2 t its miracles1 its inspiration1 its peculi> doctr9es1 are totally false4 ,! "y g5tlem5 j ref]r$ to believ$ t x might be admitt$ t an ext]nal revelation 0 possible1 & t ! condition ( man1 consid]+ ! aspects ( 8 hi/ory1 has n be5 altoge!r felicit\s z to %[ t he nev] ne$$1 & might n be b5efit$1 by su* light4 ,i c\ld cordially agree ) !m s f>2 sup]abundance ( religi\s illum9ation n be+ among/ ! ?+s ( :i* humanity c legitimately compla94 ,b !n1 z !y bo? believ$ t ea* man 0 to di/il ! elixir ,vitrae = himself f ! crude mass ( tru? & falsehood :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t pres5ts1 ,h>r+ton1 ) 8 int]rogations1 soon compell$ !m to see h[ inconsi/5t !y 7 bo? ) !mselves & ) "o ano!r4 ,"o ( !m believ$1 he said1 t ! ,apo/les might h be5 favor$ by a true revelation2 b n 9 su* a s5se z to prev5t _! (t5 fall+ into s]i\s errors1 :5ev] ! di/9ctly religi\s elem5t 0 n conc]n$2 ?is 0 ! only truly div9e ?+ ab\t x2 b he saw no p>ticul> objection to receiv+ ! miracles2 at lea/ "s ( !m1--! be/ au!nticat$ & mo/ reasonable2 p]haps !y 7 ( value z "p ( ! complex evid5ce ne$ful to e/abli% doctr9es :i*1 if n absolutely transc5d5tal to ! human faculties1--z ! doctr9e ( a future life1 = example1--yet1 ap>t f revelation1 are b matt] ( conjecture4 ,! o!r 0 also n unwill+ to admit ! miracul\s & inspir$ "* ( ! revelation1 b cont5d$1 fur!r1 t ! religi\s elem5t 0 to be submitt$ to human judgm5t z well z ! re/2 & t1 if app>5tly absurd1 contradictory1 or p]nici\s1 z judg$ by t infallible & ultimate /&>d1 x 0 to be reject$4 ,x 0 amus+ to ?9k t1 9 ?is little company ( ?ree dev\t believ]s 9 ! int]nal oracle1 no two ?\ght alike6 ,aft] ! two y\?s _h frankly /at$ _! op9ions1 ,h>r+ton quietly said1 ,i %\ld mu* l to ask ea* ( y a few que/ions4 ,!re are c]ta9 difficulties connect$ ) ea* hypo!sis j /at$1 on :i* ,i %\ld be glad to receive "s light4 ,i frankly confess be=eh&1 h[ev]1 t ,i fe> t t curi\sly con/ruct$ book1 :i* gives u all s mu* tr\ble1--:i* w n all[ me to say positively ei!r t x is true or false1--w /ill less p]mit y to reject a "p or p>ts at y\r pleasure4 ,x is1 ,i mu/ admit1 a mo/ indep5d5t book 9 t respect1 & treats y\r spiritual illum9ation mo/ cavali]ly4 ,x says to y1 ,receive me altoge!r1 or reject me altoge!r1 j z y please2 & :5 m5 h reject$ x altoge!r1 x leaves !m c]ta9 lit]>y & hi/orical1 & moral problems1 9 all fairness dem&+ solution1 :i* ,i d\bt :e!r x is 9 our p[] to solve1 or to give any dec5t acc\nt (4 ,:at d y mean1 said ! y\ng] ( ! two y\?s1 by affirm+ t we are compell$ to receive ! :ole book1 or to reject x all8 ,let u see1 said ,h>r+ton1 :e!r !re is any consi/5t /opp+-place betwe54 ,x appe>s to me1 t1 :e!r by ! mo/ s+ul> s]ies ( 'co9cid5ces1' or by imm5se subtlety ( design1 ?is book1 evid5tly compos$ by diff]5t h&s1 has yet its mat]ials s int]wov51 & its p>ts s reciprocally dep5d5t1 t x is impossible to sep>ate !m1--to set "s aside1 & say1 ',we w accept ^!1 & reject ^?'3 j z1 9 c]ta9 textures1 no soon] d we beg9 to take out a p>ticul> ?read1 ?an we f9d x is inextricably entangl$ ) o!rs1 & ^? aga9 ) o!rs2 s t !re imm$iately takes place a prodigi\s 'ga!r+' at t po9t1 & if we p]sev]e1 a r5t2 b ! ob/9ate "p at :i* we tug w n come away alone4 ,:e!r x is s or n1 we %all soon see1 by exam9+ ! results ( ! application ( y\r !ories4 ,i w beg9 ) y1 7address+ ! y\ng]17 because y believe lea/2 y say1 ,i ?9k1 t y admit ! records ( ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9 a real revelation1--a religi\s elem5t1--& t x has be5 au!nticat$ to y by miracles & o!r evid5ce2 b t ! human m9d is /ill ! judge ( h[ mu* ( t revelation is to be receiv$1 '& sit 9 judgm5t' on ! 'religi\s elem5t z well z ! re/4' ,! o!r ass5t$4 ,y admit1 probably1 ! doctr9e ( ! s\l's immortality z a "p ( t revelation1--p]haps ev5 ! doctr9e ( a resurrection8 ,i d1--bo? ^! doctr9es4 ,b p]haps y reject ! idea ( an 'atonem5t1' ?\gh y admit x to be 9 ! ,book8 ,yes4 ,at ! same "t x is cont5d$ by _m 7z y are aw>e7 t su* a doctr9e is n !re4 ,i am aw>e ( x1 ( c\rse2 b ) !m we h no controv]sy "h4 ,!y are consi/5t1 s f> z ! pres5t argum5t goes2 z consi/5t z ! or?odox !mselves4 ,!y d n allege a lib]ty ( reject+ :at !y admit ! book does conta91 b only d5y t x does conta9 "s ?+s :i* !y reject4 ,!y w\ld admit t1 if ^? doctr9es be !re1 !n ei!r !y mu/ conc$e !m because au!nticat$ by ! miracles & o!r evid5ce1 :i* proves :at else !y conc$e1 or !y mu/ reject ! said evid5ce altoge!r1 because x au!nticat$ :at !y f\nd x impossible to conc$e4 ,! controv]sy betwe5 !m & ! or?odox is "o ( int]pretation1 & is q diff]5t f t 9 :i* we are n[ engag$4 ,i mu/ admit x4 ,!y may g1 !n8 said ,h>r+ton4 ,!y may4 ,y admit1 !n1 ! miracul\s au!ntication ( su* an ev5t z ! resurrection ( man1 b d5y ! doctr9e ( ! atonem5t1 ?\gh equally f\nd 9 ! said records8 ,i d4 ,may ,i ask :y8 ,because ! "o doctr9e does n seem to me to contradict my 'spiritual consci\sness1' & ! o!r does4 ,y receive ! "o1 ,i suppose y w say1 on acc\nt ( ! miracles1 & s on2 s9ce1 :ile n contradict+ y\r impressions ( spiritual tru?1 x c\ld n be au!nticat$ )\t ext]nal evid5ce8 ,exactly s4 ,b is n ! o!r doctr9e z mu* au!nticat$ by ! miracles & s =?8 or h y any ?+ to %[ t1 :ile all ^? passages :i* relate to ! =m] are true ass]tions1 z well z truly ! ass]tions ( ^? :o publi%$ ! revelation1 ^? :i* relate to ! latt] are n8 ,i ackn[l$ge ,i h n1 repli$ ! y\?4 ,or suppos+ !y are n _! say+s at all1 h y any evid5ce by :i* y c %[ t !y are n1 s z to sep>ate !m f ^? t are8 ,i mu/ admit t ,i h no crit]ion ( ?is k9d4 ,= aught y "k1 !n1 s9ce y "k no?+ ( ,*ri/ianity except f ^? docum5ts 9 :i* ! miracles & ! doctr9es are alike consign$ to y1 ! said miracles1 toge!r ) ! o!r evid5ce1 d equally e/abli% ! tru?s :i* y say are a "p ( div9e revelation1 & ! errors :i* y say y\r 'spiritual faculty1' 'moral intuitions1' or :at y w1 tells y t y are to reject4 ,y believe1 !n1 9 ! =ce ( evid5ce1 :i* equally e/abli%es tru? & falsehood8 ,y c h>dly expect me to admit t4 ,b ,i expect y to answ] a pla9 "q8 ,:y1 said ! y\?1 ) a little flippancy1 b ) a good-humor$ laugh too1 ! prov]b says ',ev5 a fool may ask que/ions :i* a wise man _c answ]4' ,i ackn[l$ge myself to be a fool said ,h>r+ton1 ) a half s]i\s1 half comic air2 & y %all be ! wise man :o does n --= ,i w n say _c--answ] ! fool's "q4 ,i beg y\r p>don1 said ! o!r4 ,i ackn[l$ge t x 0 an unc\rte\s expression4 ,en\gh said1 repli$ ,h>r+ton2 & n[1 s9ce y are n pleas$ to answ] my "q1 ,i w answ] x myself2 & ,i say1 x is pla9 t ! evid5ce to :i* y ref] does affirm equally ! tru?s y decl>e ?us reveal$ to y1 & ! errors y decl>e y mu/ reject4 ,n[ ei!r ! evid5ce is n suffici5t to prove ! "o1 or x is suffici5t to prove bo?4 ,s f>1 !n1 ,i ?9k we may say1 & say ju/ly1 t ! suppos$ revelation is s con/ruct$ t y _c accept a "p & reject a "p1 on su* a !ory4 ,b to make ! case a little pla9] /ill1 if possible4 ,!re h be5 m51 y "k1 :o h tak5 precisely opposite views ( ! two doctr9es y h m5tion$2 :o h decl>$ t ! doctr9e1 n ( man's immortality1 b ( ! resurrection1 s f> f be+ conceivable1 is1 9 _! judgm5t1 a physical contradiction2 b :o h also decl>$ t ! doctr9e ( atonem5t1 9 "s %ape1 is in/9ctively taught by human nature1 & has consequ5tly =m$ a "p ( almo/ e religion2 t x is 9 analogy ) _m s+ul> facts ( ?is _w's con/itution1 & is n absolutely contradict$ by any pr9ciple ( our nature1 intellectual or moral4 ,su* a man1 !re=e1 might take ! v opposite ( ! c\rse y h tak54 ,he w\ld proce$ ^u y\r common basis ( a miracul\sly confirm$ revelation1 grossly infe/$ ) errors & falsehoods2 he might say t he believ$ ! au!ntication ( ! doctr9e ( 'atonem5t' 9 virtue ( ! evid5ce1 because1 ?\gh transc5d5tal to 8 reason1 x 0 n repugnant to x2 b t he reject$ ! doctr9e ( ! 'resurrection1' ?\gh equally e/abli%$ by ! evid5ce1 because contr>y to ! pla9e/ conclusions ( 8 reason4 ,i _c 9 c&or d5y1 said ! o!r1 ! possibility ( su* a case4 ,& 9 su* a case1 we might say1 he does ! v opposite ( :at y d4 ,nei!r c ,i help admitt+ t4 ,! miracles1 !n1 & o!r evid5ce1 n only play ! "p ( equally support+ tru? & falsehood1 b1 :at is /ill m wond]ful1 conv]t ! same ?+s1 9 diff]5t m51 into tru? & falsehood alt]nately4 ,miracles !y mu/ v]ily be if !y c d t6 ,a wond]ful revelation x c]ta9ly is1 :i* ?us accommodates itself to ! v>y+ conditions ( ! human intellect & consci5ce1 & demon/rates j s mu* z ea* ( y is pleas$ to accept1 & no m4 ,no d\bt ! :ole 'corpus dogmatum1' s support$1 w1 by ! entire body ( su* believ]s1 be eat5 up2 j z 0 ! ,mahometan hog1 s humor\sly ref]r$ to by ,c[p]2 b ev5 t _h n all its '=bidd5 p>ts' miracul\sly %[n to be 'un=bidd5' to diff]5t m9ds6 ,i d n wond] t su* a revelation %\ld ne$ miracles2 t any %\ld be suffici5t1 is ! greate/ wond] ( all2 if inde$ we except two2--! fir/1 t ,supreme ,wisdom %\ld h con/ruct$ su* a curi\s revelation1 9 :i* he has reveal$ alt]nately1 to diff]5t p1 tru? & falsehood1 & has e/abli%$ ea* on ! v same evid5ce2 & ! second 7almo/ z great71 t any rational creature %\ld be got to receive su* a revelation on su* evid5ce z equally applies to :i* he says x does n prove1 & to po9ts :i* he says x does2 ^! po9ts1 h[ev]1 be+1 x appe>s1 totally diff]5t 9 diff]5t m56 ,b ,i w n[ g to y\r fri5d1 :o has got a po9t fur!r 9 8 belief1 & graci\sly accepts all ! 'religi\s elem5ts' 9 ?is revelation4 ,excuse me1 said ! la/2 be=e y g to him1 p]mit me to m5tion a difficulty :i* occurr$ to me :ile we 7 speak+4 ,by all means2 b ,i d n promise to solve x4 ,p]haps ,i on ?is occasion %all prove ! 'wise man1' ?\gh ,i am sure y w n be ! fool4 ,y recollect1 said ! o!r1 blu%+1 our dismiss+ ^? :o1 :ile cont5d+1 l myself1 t su* & su* doctr9es are to be reject$1 diff] f me 9 ?is1 t !y cont5d t ! said doctr9es are n conta9$ 9 ! records ( ! suppos$ revelation at all2 :ile o!rs cont5d t !y are4 ,n[1 if1 :ile ! two p>ties admit ! g5]al evid5ce :i* is to sub/antiate all t is 9 ! records1 !y arrive by diff]5t int]pretation at su* v diff]5t results z to ! suppos$ tru? :i* x supports1 are !y 9 any bett] condition ?an ,i8 ,!re is ! same diff]5ce1 ?\gh arriv$ at 9 diff]5t ways2 & ! revelation /ill rema9s indet]m9ate4 ,y\r objection is +5i\s1 repli$ ,h>r+ton4 ,fir/1 h[ev]1 x is r h>d to ask me to solve a difficulty ) :i* ,i am 9 no way conc]n$1 :o pr(ess to be altoge!r sceptical on ! subject4 ,secondly1 x c]ta9ly does n at all m5d y\r case to prove t !re are o!r m5 :o possibly are z inconsi/5t z y\rself4 ,x makes y\r !ory nei!r bett] nor worse4 ,b1 ?irdly1 if ,i 7 a ,*ri/ian1 ,i %\ld n hesitate to cont5d t !re 0 an obvi\s & vital diff]5ce 9 ! two cases4 ,inde$6 ,if y c %[ t4 ,i %\ld attempt x1 at all ev5ts ,i %\ld say t 9 ! latt] case ! evid5ce to :i* ! appeal 0 made did n equally s]ve to e/abli% tru? & falsehood1 or1 :at is /ill worse1 alt]nately to make falsehood tru?1 & tru? falsehood1 to diff]5t m9ds2 t x 0 design$ to e/abli% all t 0 really 9 ! records1 ?\gh :at t all 0 might give rise to diff]5t views1 f ! prejudices & ! ignorance1 ! diff]5t degrees ( intellig5ce & c&or1 on "p ( ^? :o int]pret$ ! records2 t !y made ! falsehoods1 & n ! records or ! evid5ce4 ,i %\ld1 !re=e1 h no difficulty 9 relation to :at1 on y\r !ory1 is s incompreh5sible2 namely1 t ,god %\ld h giv5 man s peculi>ly con/ruct$ a revelation4 ,t m5 %\ld diff] or err 9 its int]pretation is n1 ,i presume1 v wond]ful1 because man1 !y say1 is a creature ( prejudice & passion z well z reason4 ,b ,god w\ld /ill h giv5 ! revelation1 & yet x is capable1 x appe>s1 ( be+ v>i\sly int]pret$6 said ! o!r4 ,v true1 & x is v pla9 to me t1 suppos+ him to h giv5 any1 he c\ld h giv5 no o!r1 unless 8 omnipot5ce _h be5 imm$iately ex]t$ sep>ately ^u ea* individual ( ! human race1 & !n 9 su* a way z to sup]s$e all ! moral discipl9e :i* ,*ri/ians affirm is involv$ 9 its reception4 ,suppos+ ?is discipl9e 7z ^? :o believe 9 a revelation cont5d7 to be an ess5tial condition1 ,i _c conceive ,god himself to give a docum5t :i* man's +5uity _c easily mis9t]pret4 ,y see man plays ! same trick equally well ) t faculty ( 'spiritual insight1' :i* "s say is ! sole s\rce ( religi\s tru?1 & :i* y say is ! sole arbit] ( an ext]nal revelation6 ,we _c f9d two ( y :o ?9k alike1 or :o w give u ! same transcript ( religi\s tru?4 ,simil>ly1 we see ! same +5uity manife/$ by man :5ev] x is 8 int]e/ to f9d 9 a docum5t a diff]5t mean+ f t :i* x app>5tly c>ries on its face4 ,does n ! endless controv]sy1 ! p]petual litigation ( m51 respect+ ! mean+ ( seem+ly ! pla9e/ docum5ts1 assure u t1 if a revelation 7 really giv51 ! l w\ld be possible ) t8 ,x is d\btful ) me1 !re=e1 :e!r ,god himself c\ld give a revelation1 su* t m5 c\ld n misrepres5t & p]v]t x2 t is1 z long z !y 7 rational creatures1 he cont9u$ bitt]ly4 ,b ! mis*ief ( y\r !ory is1 t x *>ges ! inevitable result ( man's p]v]s5ess or ignorance on ,god1 & ! revelation he has be5 suppos$ to con/ruct1 & t is to me an absurdity4 ,i d n see t ^! answ]s are satisfactory1 said ! o!r4 ,i mu/ leave y to judge ( t1 said ,h>r+ton1 or to conte/ x ) my uncle "h4 ,i am keep+ my next fri5d wait+1 :o1 ,i c see1 is impati5t to run a c\rse 9 favor ( 8 view ( revelation4 ,he tells u1 too1 t a div9e revelation1 z convey$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is to be admitt$1 b he _c away ) ! notion t its c]ta9ty ext5ds to any ?+ m ?an to :at he calls ! 'religi\s elem5t4' ,is n t y\r notion8 ,x is4 ,y ?9k1 = example1 t x is possible t ! ,apo/les & writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 79 fact1 :oev] _h ! *>ge ( record+ & transmitt+ to po/]ity ! doctr9es ( ?is revelation7 7 left liable1 j z any o!r m51 to all sorts ( errors1 geographical1 *ronological1 logical1 hi/orical1 political1 moral-- ,no1 no1 n moral1 said ! o!r2 ,i did n say moral3 _! morality is impli$ 9 _! !ology4 ,o1 v well6 we %all bett] see t pres5tly2 only ,i h to rem9d y1 = ! glory ( y\r ,rationalism1 t o!r ,rationali/s make ! errors ext5d ev5 to ! 'moral elem5t'2 b x is all "o to me4 ,y say1 t1 z f> z reg>ds e ?+ else1 x is v possible t ^! 'inspir$' m5 might err to any am\nt8 ,yes2 ,i believe x4 ,y h1 d\btless1 "s reason = say+ t !y 7 made infallible 9 religion & morality1 b liable to all sorts ( errors on o!r subjects8 ,no?+ b ?is2 t1 if to give u 'spiritual tru?' 7z is suppos$7 0 _! prop] function 7& we _c b suppose t x 071 !y mu/ h be5 inve/$ 7we mu/ suppose7 ) all ! necess>y qualities = ?is end1 s9ce ,i am suppos+ t ev5 miracles 7 ?\ght wor? work+ 9 ord] to confirm _! doctr9e4 ,y use ! ^w suppose r frequ5tly1 my fri5d2 h[ev]1 ,i w n qu>rel ) y = t2 only y ought n to be surpris$ if1 adopt+ y\r la/ supposition1--t1 :5 miracles & inspiration h be5 suppos$ to be v\*saf$ to au!nticate a p>ticul> revelation1 all su* end[m5ts1 at lea/1 w be grant$ z %all secure t object f defeat1--o!r ,*ri/ians fur!r suppose t ! docum5ts 9 :i* ! revelation 0 to be consign$ to all future ages w\ld n be disfigur$ 7& 9 _m respects obscur$7 by ! liability ( _! au?ors to all sorts ( errors on an inf9ity ( po9ts1 hopelessly entangl$1 z we %all soon see1 ) ?is "o6 t :5 heav5 0 at ! tr\ble to emb>k its c>go ( diamonds & pe>ls = ?is _w1 x w\ld n s5d !m 9 a vessel ) a great hole 9 ! bottom6 ,if ! ,apo/les 7 pl5>ily inspir$ ) reg>d to ?is "o subject1 m5 w ?9k x /range1 p]haps1 t div9e aid %\ld n h gone a little fur!r1 & s9ce ! de/9$ revelation 0 to be record$ or r imb$d$1 9 hi/ory1 illu/rat$ by imag9ation1 en=c$ by argum5t1 & express$ 9 human language1--its au?ors %\ld h be5 left liable to de/roy ! sub/ance by egregi\s & p]petual blund]s z to ! =m2 to run ! *ance ( knock+ out ! bra9s ( ! un=tunate revelation by upsett+ ! vehicle 9 :i* x 0 to be convey$6 ,b1 !n1 ^! suppos$ end[m5ts are purely a supposition on ! "p ( ,*ri/ians 9 g5]al4 ,j z y\rs1 we may say1 ( an indefectible wisdom on "o po9t is a supposition on y\r "p4 ,i ?9k 9 t respect t y are bo? well mat*$4 ,b ,i freely confess t ,i ?9k _! supposition m plausible ?an y\rs2 &1 if ,i 7 an advocate = ,*ri/ianity1 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly r suppose ) !m ?an suppose ) y2 t is1 ,i %\ld ?9k x m cr$ible1 if ,god int]pos$ ) su* /up5d\s in/rum5ts z miracles1 inspiration1 & prophecy at all1 he w\ld end[ ! m5 ?us favor$ 7n ) all k1 inde$1 b7 ) :atev] 0 necess>y to prev5t _! enc\nt]+ a c]ta9ty ( vitiat+ _! te/imony4 ,b h[ w\ld _! te/imony be liable to be vitiat$8 ,i am suppos+ !m to be absolutely free f error z reg>ds ! religi\s clem5t1 :i* !y deliv] pure4 ',we %all see 9 a m9ute :e!r _! te/imony 0 liable to be vitiat$ or n1 & :e!r ! sep>ation = :i* y cont5d be conceivable1 or ev5 possible4 ,i fe> t y h no w9n[+-fan :i* w sep>ate ! *aff f ! :eat4 ,to me1 no?+ seems m easy ?an ! supposition ,i h made4 ,few ?+s are m easy ?an to make suppositions2 b let u see4 ,i am sure y w answ] z fairly z ,i %all ask que/ions4 ,to d o!rwise w\ld be to sep>ate ! 'moral elem5t' f ! 'logical1' :atev] ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s may h done4 ,y believe1 y say1 9 ! resurrection ( ,*ri/8 ,i d4 ,z a fact or doctr9e8 ,bo? z a fact & doctr9e4 ,= x is bo?1 if true1 said ,h>r+ton2 & s1 ,i appreh5d1 x w be f\nd ) ! o!r doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,:e!r1 9 y\r p>ticul> latitude ( ,rationalism1 y believe _m or few ( !m1 /ill1 if true at all 7:i* we at pres5t take = grant$71 !y are bo? facts & doctr9es1 f ! ,inc>nation to ! ,resurrection4 ,b to conf9e ourselves to "o1--t ( ! ,resurrection1--= "o w answ] my purpose z well z a ?\s&2 --t1 y say1 is a fact1--a fact ( hi/ory8 ,x is4 ,x is1 !n1 convey$ to u z su*8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,7 ! record]s ( t fact liable to error 9 convey+ x to u8 ,9 o!r words1 might !y s blund] 9 convey+ t fact 7z we "k ! unaid$ hi/orian may1 & (t5 does7 z to leave u 9 d\bt :e!r x ev] took place or n8 ,well1 said ! y\?1 & y "k !y h exhibit$ x 9 su* a way z to sugge/ _m app>5t discrepancies1 & ^? v difficult to be reconcil$4 ,i am aw>e ( x1 & = t v reason select$ ?is p>ticul> fact4 ,9 my judgm5t1 !re are no passages :i* m ex]cise ! +5uity ( ! h>moni/s ?an ^? :i* record ! transactions connect$ ) ! resurrection4 ,b /ill1 9 spite ( !m all1 ,i presume t y d n ?9k t ^? discrepancies really call ! fact 9 "q1 else y w\ld n cont9ue to believe x4 ,i %\ld !n sudd5ly f9d myself argu+ ) a v diff]5t p]son4 ,c]ta9ly1 y are q "r4 ,i agree t ! sub/antial facts are z ! writ]s h deliv]$ !m2 al?\gh !y may1 f _! liability to error1 h deliv]$ "s ( ! details errone\sly4 ,b might ?is liability to error h l$ !m a little fur!r 9 _! discrepancies1 s z to involve ! fact itself 9 j d\bt1 & s ( o!r great facts :i* con/itute ! doctr9es z well z ! facts ( ,scripture8 ,( c\rse1 ,i ?9k x might1 s9ce ,i suppose !m unaid$ by any sup]natural wisdom 9 ?is respect4 ,! answ] is hone/4 ,i ?\ght1 p]haps1 y w\ld h answ]$ diff]5tly1 9 :i* case y w\ld h giv5 me ! tr\ble ( pursu+ ! argum5t "o /ep fur!r4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t1 ?\gh inspir$ to give mank9d a true /atem5t ( doctr9es1 yet t1 :5 ^! doctr9es assume ! =m ( facts 7:i*1 unhappily1 !y d p]petually71 ?is haz>d\s liability to error z hi/orians may c\nt]act _! inspiration1 & !y may give !m 9 su* a =m z to ?r[ ^u !m all mann] ( d\bts & suspicions2 possibly !y h done s1 = aught y c tell4--,b1 aga91 y also affirm t ^! s-call$ inspir$ m5 7 liable to make all sorts ( logical blund]s1 j z ! un9spir$4 ,c]ta9ly2 & ,i mu/ confess ,i ?9k ! logic ( ! ,apo/le ,paul1 9 p>ticul>1 (t5 exce$+ly absurd4 ,v fair & c&id4 ,= example1 ,i d>e say t y d n ?9k mu* ( 8 argum5ts or inf]5ces f c]ta9 doctr9es2 or 8 pro(s ( ^? doctr9es f ! ,old ,te/am5t or-- ,!y are n1 inde$1 wor? mu* 9 my e/imation4 ,c&id aga92 b !n x is pla91 fir/1 t y w h to di/+ui% betwe5 ! pure doctr9es :i* ,paul d]iv$ f a cele/ial s\rce1 & 8 errone\s pro(s or inf]5ces1 :i* are deliv]$ 9 precisely ! same mann] & ) ! same assumption ( au?ority4 ,& ?is1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld be an insup]able task2 at lea/1 x seems s1 = y ,rationali/s decide ?is matt] v diff]5tly4 ,:5 any ( y favor me ) y\r sket*es ( ! true heav5-desc5d$ ,paul9e !ology1 ,i f9d !m widely diff]5t f ea* o!r4 ,y\r 'religi\s elem5t' is ( ! mo/ v>iable volume4 ,"s ( y include ne>ly ! :ole cre$ ( ord9>y or?odoxy2 o!rs1 fifty or ev5 eighty p] c5t4 less1 bo? 9 bulk & weight4 ,p]haps s4 ,p]haps s6 ,b !n1 :at becomes ( y\r pr9ciple1 t y may sep>ate ! pure 'religion elem5t1' z convey$ to ! m9ds ( ! sacr$ writ]s by direct illum9ation1 f ! errors ( vici\s logic :i* h be5 p]mitt$ to m+le ) x8 ,to me x appe>s any ?+ b easy to sep>ate ! functions ( a reveal] ( truly inspir$ tru? f ! vitiat+ influ5ces ( a fallaci\s logic4 ,! 'heav5ly vision1' h[ev] 'ob$i5t' a ,paul may be to x1 w be b obscurely repres5t$1 & suff] egregi\sly f t di/ort$ image :i* ! ill-con/ruct$ mirror w convey to u4 --,b once m1 ,i ?9k y d n hold ,paul's rhetoric to be always ( ! fir/ excell5ce8 ,c]ta9ly n2 ,i ?9k 8 repres5tations are (t5 z faulty z 8 logic is vici\s2 especially :51 "u ! influ5ce ( 8 ,jewi% education1 he ?r[s old ,gamaliel's mantle ov] 8 %\ld]s1 & dotes ab\t 'allegories' f\nd$ on ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,fair & c&id once m2 b !n1 ,i suppose y w admit t ! div9e tru?s :i* he 01 nev]!less1 commission$ to tea* mank9d1 w1 l any o!r tru?s1 be mu* affect$ by ! mode 9 :i* !y are repres5t$ to ! imag9ation2 w become bright] or m obscure1 m animat$ or m feeble1 & ev5 m j or di/ort$1 z ?is task is wisely & judici\sly1 or prepo/]\sly p]=m$8 ,no d\bt4 ,!n x appe>s1 ,i ?9k1 t1 if !re 7 no?+ to control ! ,apo/le ,paul's mann] ( exhibit+ div9e v]ities1 ev5 9 relation only to ! imag9ation1 !re might be all ! diff]5ce betwe5 sob] tru? & fanatical p]v]sions ( x4 ,i might1 9 ! same mann]1 proce$ to %[ t ! feel+s1 uncontroll$ by a sup]ior influ5ce1 w\ld be also likely to give di/ortion or exagg]ation to ! doctr9es4 ,b x is en\gh4 ,x appe>s v pla91 t1 accord+ to y\r hypo!sis1 ev5 ?\gh ! ,apo/les 7 commission$ to tea* by sup]natural illum9ation c]ta9 tru?s1 yet t1 be+ liable to be infect$ ) all ! faults ( false hi/ory1 bad logic1 vici\s rhetoric1 fanatical feel+1 ^! div9e tru?s might1 possibly1 be mo/ falsely pres5t$ to u4 ,we h1 really1 no gu>anty b y\r gratuit\s 'supposition' t !y h be5 taught at all4 ,we h no crit]ion = sep>at+ :at is ?us div9e f :at is m]ely human4 ,i fe>1 !re=e1 y\r di/9ction w n hold4 ,! /ream1 :atev] ! cry/al purity ( its f\nta91 c\ld n fail to be horribly impure by ! "t x _h fl[$ ?r\gh su* f\l conduits4 ,9 %ort1 cont9u$ ,h>r+ton1 ) a bitt] smile at ! same "t1 !re are b ?ree consi/5t *>act]s 9 ! _w2 ! ,bible ,*ri/ian1 & ! g5u9e ,a!i/1--or ! absolute ,sceptic4 ,no1--no1--no1 exclaim$ ! :ole trio at once2 & y y\rself mu/ be true to y\r pr9ciples1 & !re=e sceptical z to ?is4 ,x is he repli$1 "o ( ! v few ?+s :i* ,i am n sceptical ab\t4 ,at all ev5ts1 "r or wrong1 ,i am1 z usual1 will+ to give y my reasons = my belief4 ,r say y\r d\bts1 said ,fell[es4 ,well1 = my d\bts1 !n4 ,y see1 my fri5ds1 ! matt] is z foll[s4 ,! ,*ri/ian speaks on ?is wise3-- ',i f9d1 9 ref]5ce to ,*ri/ianity z 9 ref]5ces to ,!ism1 :at appe>s to me an imm5se prepond]ance ( evid5ce ( v>i\s k9ds 9 favor ( its tru?2 b bo? alike ,i f9d involv$ 9 _m difficulties :i* ,i ackn[l$ge to be insurm\ntable1 & 9 _m my/]ies :i* ,i _c fa?om4 ,i believe ! conclusions 9 spite ( !m4 ,z to ! revelation1 ,i see "s ( its discrepancies are ! effect ( transcription & corruption2 o!rs are ! result ( omissions ( "o or m ( ! writ]s1 :i*1 if suppli$1 w\ld %[ t !y are app>5t only2 ( o!rs1 ,i c sugge/ no explanations at all2 &1 ov] & above ^!1 ,i see difficulties ( doctr9e :i* ,i c no m pr(ess to solve ?an ,i c ! p>allel p]plexities 9 ,nature & ,provid5ce1 & especially ^? involv$ 9 ! p]mitt$ ph5om5on ( an inf9ity ( physical & moral evil4 ,z to ^! difficulties1 ,i simply submit to !m1 because ,i ?9k ! rejection ( ! evid5ce = ! tru?s :i* !y emb>rass w\ld involve me 9 a mu* great] difficulty4 ,) reg>d to _m ( ! difficulties1 9 bo? cases1 ,i set t ! progress ( k & sci5ce is cont9ually t5d+ to dissipate "s1 & to dim9i%1 if n remove1 ! weight ( o!rs3 ,i see t a dawn+ light n[ glimm]s on _m portions ( ! void :]e cont9u\s d>kness once reign$2 ?\gh t v light has also a t5d5cy to disclose o!r difficulties2 =1 z ! sph]e ( k increases1 ! outl9e ( d>kness beyond also increases1 & increases ev5 9 a great] ratio4 ,b ,i also f9d1 ,i frankly admit1 t on _m ( my difficulties1 & especially t connect$ ) ! orig9 ( evil1 & o!r precisely analog\s difficulties ( ,scripture1 no light :atev] is ca/3 to ! solution ( !m1 man has n made ! slighte/ conceivable approximation4 ,^! ?+s ,i submit to1 z an ex]cise ( my fai? & a te/ ( my docility1 & t is all ,i h to say ab\t !m2 y w n alt] my views by dwell+ on !m1 = y\r s5se ( !m _c be /rong] ?an m9e4' ,?us speaks ! ,*ri/ian2 & ! ,a!i/ & ! ,sceptic occupy gr\nd z consi/5t4 ,!y say1 ',we agree ) y ,*ri/ians1 t ! ,bible conta9s no great] difficulties ?an ^? involv$ 9 ! inscrutable con/itution & c\rse ( nature2 b on ! v pr9ciples on :i* ! ,rationali/1 or ,spirituali/1 or ,dei/1 or :atev] he pleases to call himself1 rejects ! div9e orig9 ( ! =m]1 we are compell$ to g a few /eps f>!r1 & d5y--or d\bt ! div9e orig9 ( ! latt]4 ,x is true t ! ,bible pres5ts no great] difficulties ?an ! ext]nal univ]se & its adm9i/ration2 7x _c involve great]27 b if ^? difficulties are suffici5t to ju/ify ! d5ial or d\bt ( ! div9e au?or%ip ( ! "o1 !y are suffici5t to ju/ify d5ial or d\bt ab\t ! div9e orig9 ( ! o!r4'--,b z to y1 :at consi/5t position c y take1 s long z y affirm & d5y s caprici\sly8 ,:o '/ra9 at ! gnats' ( ! ,bible1 & 'swall[ ! camels' ( y\r ,natural ,religion8 ,y ought1 on ! pr9ciple on :i* y reject s mu* ( ! ,bible1--namely1 t x does n h>monize ) ! d$uctions ( y\r intellect1 ! in/9cts ( consci5ce1 ! intuitions ( ! 'spiritual faculty1' & ,heav5 kn[s :at1--to become ,mani*aeans at ! lea/4 ,b ^! v argum5ts1 said "o ( ! y\?s1 are j ! old-fa%ion$ argum5ts ( ,,butl]1 ,:i* x is surely droll ( all ?+s to f9d a sceptic mak+ use (4 ,i admit !y are 81 my fri5d2 b n t !re is any inconsi/5cy 9 my employ+ !m4 ,i affirm t ,butl] is q "r 9 8 premises1 ?\gh ,i may reject ! conclusion to :i* he w\ld br+ me4 ,he leaves two alt]natives1 & only two1 9 my judgm5t1 op52 leaves two p>ties unt\*$2 "o is ! ,*ri/ian1 & ! o!r is ! ,a!i/ or ! ,sceptic1 :i*-ev] y please2 b ,i am pr(\ndly conv9c$ he does n leave a consi/5t foot+ = any ?+ betwe54 ,8 fire does n injure ! ,*ri/ian1 =-comes out ( 8 own camp2 nor me1 = x falls %ort ( my l9es2 b = y1 :o h pit*$ y\r t5t betwe51 take he$ to y\rselves4 ,he proves cle>ly en\gh1 t ! v difficulties = :i* y reject ,*ri/ianity exi/ equally1 sometimes to a /ill am\nt1 9 ! doma9 ( nature4 ,oh6 said ! y\nge/1 we d n ?9k t ,butl]'s argum5t is s\nd4 ,!n1 said ,h>r+ton1 ! soon] y refute x ! bett]4 ,all y h to d is1 j to %[ t ?is _w does n exhibit ! inequalities1 ! mis]ies1--! app>5t caprice 9 its adm9i/ration1 --! involunt>y ignorance1--! enorm\s wrongs1--! wide-spread sorr[s & dea?1--x does4 ,y w d great] s]vice to ! ,dei/ ?an ! :ole ( ! h ev] done him yet4 ,i am conv9c$ t ,butl] is n to be refut$4 ,b d y n recollect :at no less a man ?an ,pitt said1--',analogy is an argum5t s easily retort$6' repli$ ! same y\?4 ,!n y w h ! less difficulty 9 retort+ x1 said ,h>r+ton1 coolly4 ,pitt's obs]vation only %[s t he _h =gott5 ! true object ( ! "w1 or nev] und]/ood x4 ,= ! purposes ( refutation1 x does n foll[ t an analogy may be easily retort$2 x may be1 & (t5 is1 irresi/ible4 ,x is :5 employ$ to e/abli% a tru?1 n to expose an error1 t x is (t5 feeble4 ,if ,butl] _h attempt$ to prove t ! inhabitants ( ,jupit] mu/ be mis]able1 no?+ c\ld h be5 m ridicul\s ?an to adduce ! analogy ( our planet4 ,b if he m]ely wi%$ to %[ t x did n foll[ t t beautiful orb1 be+ creat$ by inf9ite p[]1 wisdom1 & goodness1 mu/ be an abode ( happ9ess1 7j ! ,rationali/ /yle ( reason+17 x w\ld be q suffici5t to introduce ! speculator to ?is ill-/>r$ planet ( ours4 ,!re are few :o w n acquiesce 9 ?is rem>k ( ,h>r+ton's1 h[ev] !y may lam5t ! alt]native he seem$ dispos$ to take4 ,assur$ly1 = ! specific object 9 view1 no book writt5 by man 0 ev] m conclusive ?an t ( ,butl]4 ,= if y c %[ to an unbeliev] 9 ,*ri/ianity1 :o is yet 7z mo/ are7 a ,!i/s1 t any objection d]iv$ f its app>5t repugnance to wisdom or goodness applies equally to ! con/itution & c\rse ( nature1 y d fairly compel him 7z long z he rema9s a ,!i/7 to admit t t objection ought n to h weight ) him4 ,he has inde$ an alt]native2 t ( ,a!ism or ,scepticism2 b x is cle> he mu/ give up ei!r 8 argum5t or 8--,!ism4 ,x may be call$1 inde$1 an argum5t ad hom9em2 b z almo/ e unbeliev] 9 ,*ri/ianity is a man ( ! above /amp1 x is ( wide application4 ,?is is ! fair issue to :i* ,butl] br+s ! argum5t2 & ! conclusiv5ess ( 8 logic has be5 %[n 9 ?is1 t1 h[ev] easily analogies may be retort$1 ! p>ties affect$ by x h nev] answ]$ x4 ,i 0 amus$ ) ! criticism ) :i* ,h>r+ton w\nd up4 ,butl]1 said he1 wrote b little2 b :5 read+ him1 ,i h (t5 ?\ght ( ,walt] ,scott's wolf-dog ,maida1 :o seldom 0 tempt$ to jo9 9 ! b>k ( 8 less] can9e associates4 ',he seldom op5s 8 m\?1' said 8 ma/]2 'b :5 he does1 he %akes ! ,eildon ,hills4 ,maida is l ! great gun at ,con/ant9ople1--x takes a long "t to load x2 b :5 x does g (f1 x goes (f = some?+6' ,aug4 #a4 ,i ?is day put into ,mr4 ,fell[es's h&s ! brief notes on ! ?ree que/ions on :i* he _h solicit$ my op9ion4 ,!y 7 z foll[s3-- ,i4 ,mr4 ,newman says t x is an idle boa/ t ! elevation ( woman is 9 any high degree attributable to ! ,gospel4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 says he1 ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 z prop\nd$ by ,paul1 is n at all s honorable to woman z t :i* ,g]man s\ndness ( he>t has e/abli%$4 ,) ,paul ! sole reason = m>riage is t a man may )\t s9 v5t 8 s5sual desires4 ,if1 inde$1 !re 7 no o!r passage 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ?an t to :i* ,mr4 ,newman ref]s1 !re might be some?+ to be said = him4 ,b x is only "o ( _m1 & ! "q really at issue is consequ5tly bl9k$1 namely1 :at is ! aspect ( ! entire ,new ,te/am5t in/itute ^u ! relations ( woman8 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ! reason = m>riage :i* ,mr4 ,newman cont5ds is ! only ?+ ,paul ?\ght ab\t1 is v prop]ly urg$2 = f ! con/itution ( human nature1 7z e compreh5sive philosoph] & legislator w\ld admits7 z well z f ! horrible condition ( ?+s :]e m>riage is neglect$1 prom95ce is v ju/ly giv5 to ! pres]vation ( *a/ity z "o ( ! prim>y objects ( ! in/itution4 ,b ! "q z betwe5 ,mr4 ,newman & ,*ri/ianity is ?is3 ,is ?is ! only aspect "u :i* ! relations ( man & woman are repres5t$ to u8 ,t e ?+ is n said 9 "o passage is true en\gh4 ,f ! desultory mann] 9 :i* ! e?ics z well z doctr9es ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are exp\nd$ to u1 & especially f ! casual =m :i* !y assume 9 ! ,apo/olic ,epi/les1 :]e ! p>ticul> circum/ances ( ! p>ties address$ naturally sugge/$ ! degree ( prom95ce giv5 to ea* topic1 we mu/ fairly exam9e ! :ole volume 9 ord] to compreh5d ! _s ( ! :ole1 & n take up a solit>y passage z ?\gh x 7 ! only "o4 ,n[1 if we exam9e o!r passages1 we _c fail to see t ! ,new ,te/am5t consecrates m>ri$ life by enjo9+ ! utmo/ purity1 devotion1 & t5d]ness ( affection4 ,look at only "o or two ( ! passages 9 :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t enjo9s ! reciprocal duties ( husb&s & wives2 :at sort ( model x proposes = _! love4 ,husb&s1 love y\r wives1 ev5 z ,*ri/ also lov$ ! ,*ur* & gave himself = x 44444 ,let e "o 9 p>ticul> s love 8 wife ev5 z himself2 & ! wife see t %e rev]5ce h] husb&4 ,s ought m5 to love _! wives z _! own bodies1 4444 giv+ honor unto ! wife z unto ! weak] vessel1 & z be+ heirs toge!r ( ! grace ( life4 ,is ?is l condemn+ wom5 to be elegant toys & voluptu\s app5dages8 ,admitt+1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t ! :ole ( ,*ri/ianity is a delusion2 t ,*ri/ nev] liv$1 & !re=e nev] di$2 t he is a m palpable my? ?an ev5 ,dr4 ,/rauss cont5ds =2 /ill x is impossible n to see t ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t repres5t 8 love = man z ! ideal ( pure1 dis9t]e/$1 self-sacrific+ affection2 ?is appe>s :e!r we li/5 to ! words :i* ! ,evangeli/s h put into 8 m\?1 or ^? 9 :i* !y h spok5 ( him4 ,great] love ha? non man ?an ?is t a man lay d[n 8 life = 8 fri5ds4 ,n[1 let !re be z mu* or z little hi/oric tru? 9 su* /atem5ts1 9 ! do+s & suff]+s ( ,*ri/ on behalf ( humanity1 z y w1 ! conclusion is irresi/ible t 8 conduct 7real or imag9>y7 is set =? z ! exhibition ( unequall$ pati5ce1 g5tl5ess1 meekness1 & =be>ance2 ( a love anxi\s to pur*ase1 at ! de>e/ co/1 ! pure/ & highe/ happ9ess ( its objects4 ,n[ su* is ! patt]n ( affection :i* ! ,apo/les comm5d to ! imitation ( husb&s & wives 9 _! conduct t[>ds "o ano!r4 ,su* is to be ! l(ty /&>d :i* _! love is to emulate4 ,is x possible to g fur!r8 ,does n ! fanta/ical obs]vance1 or r ! absolute idolatry ( wom5 *]i%$ by *ivalry1--itself1 h[ev]1 root$ 9 ! influ5ces ( a corrupt ,*ri/ianity1--look l a c>icature beside ! picture8 ,& :o are ! poets ( ,g]manic culture :o h ris5 to an equal ideal ( ! reciprocal duties & s5tim5ts ( w$d$ life8 ,i mu/ cont5d t s beautiful a picture ( a real equality betwe5 man & woman1--f\nd$ on ! love ( ! common ,"l ( bo?1--su* a picture ( woman's true elevation1 0 nev] realiz$ 9 ! anci5t _w1 nor w\ld h be5 to ?is day _h n ,*ri/ianity be5 promulgat$2 nor is n[1 except :]e ,*ri/ianity is kn[n1 ?\gh1 alas6 n always :]e x is4 ,b if y ?9k o!rwise1 beg ,mr4 ,newman to give y a cat5a ( passages f ! poets ( ,g]manic culture 7he has n adduc$ a syllable 9 pro(72 & recollect x ought to be f ,g]manic poets :o liv$ be=e ! ,g]mans 7 ,*ri/ians6 ,or p]haps y w\ld wi% to seek ! ,g]manic s5tim5t t[>ds woman pure 9 its s\rce1 z giv5 9 ! c]ta9ly n unfavorable e/imate ( ,tacitus4 ,9 _! respect = woman & ! /ress !y laid on *a/ity1 ! anci5t ,g]mans transc5d$ )\t d\bt _m savages4 ,/ill1 few read]s w suppose !re 0 mu* reason to boa/ ( ! elevation ( wom51 or ! pres5ce ( mu* ref9$ s5tim5t betwe5 ! sexes6 ,z long z wom5 d all ! drudg]y ( h\se & field "w1 :ile _! lazy husb&s dr9k & gamble2 z long z !y are liable 7& _! *ildr5 too7 to be sold or put on ! haz>d ( a ca/ ( ! dice2 z long z !y are !mselves f]oci\s en\gh to g out to battle ) _! husb&s2 ,i presume y w ?9k ! ,g]manic culture v f> %ort ( ! culture likely to be produc$ by ! ,new ,te/am5t6 ,well says ,gibbon1 ,h]o9es ( su* a ca/ may claim admiration2 b !y 7 mo/ assur$ly nei!r lovely nor v susceptible ( love4 ,,ii4 ,mr4 ,newman says1 t undue cr$it has be5 claim$ = ,*ri/ianity z ! foe & extirpator ( slav]y4 ,he says t1 at ?is day1 ! ,new ,te/am5t is ! argum5tative /ronghold ( ^? :o are try+ to keep up ! accurs$ sy/em4 ,w\ld x n h be5 c&id to add1 t ! ,new ,te/am5t has ev] be5 also ! /ronghold ( ^? :o oppose x1 z well 9 ?is c\ntry z 9 ,am]ica8 ,x is on ! express gr\nd to its suppos$ inconsi/5cy ) ! maxims & _s ( ,*ri/ianity1 t ! great mass ( ,abolitioni/s hate & loa! x4 ,a public clamor aga9/ x 0 nev] rais$ 9 ! days ( anci5t slav]y1 nor is n[ 9 any c\ntry :]e ,*ri/ianity is unkn[n4 ,! opposition to x 9 our own c\ntry 0 a religi\s "o2 t we "k full well2 & s is ! opposition ( ! ,am]ican ,abolitioni/s at ! pres5t day4 ,if selfi% cupidity1 on ! "o h&1 appeals to ! ,new ,te/am5t = its cont9uance1 s does philan?ropy1 on ! o!r1 = its abolition2 & ?\gh 9 my judgm5t ! inf]5ces ( ! latt] are f> m reasonable1 ! m]e fact t bo? p>ties appeal to ! book %[s t ! ,new ,te/am5t nei!r sanctions x--r ! contr>y by implication--nor expressly d5\nces x2--,mr4 ,newman d\btless c d x safely4 ,?is v mod]ation ( language1 h[ev]1 has to _m m9ds1 & ^? ( no mean capacity1 7! late ,dr4 ,*alm]s = example17 be5 reg>d$ z an indication ( ! wisdom :i* has presid$ ov] ! con/ruction ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 x 0 n only a tone p]emptorily dem&$ by ! necess>y conditions ( publi%+ ,*ri/ianity at all1 b 0 be/ adapt$1--nay1 alone adapt$1--9 ! actual condition ( ! _w 9 relation to slav]y1 to make any salut>y impression4 ,admitt+ t ! great1 ! prim>y end ( ! ,gospel 0 spiritual2 t x 0 ! object ( ! ,apo/les to obta9 = x a dispassionate he>+ among all nations2 & t1 h[ev] !y might hope indirectly to affect ! temporal prosp]ity & political welf>e ( mank9d1 all good ( ?is k9d 0 9 _! view subord9ate to t spiritual amelioration1 :i*1 if affect$1 w\ld necess>ily involve all inf]ior social & political improvem5ts2--,i say1 admitt+ ?is1 x is really difficult to imag9e any o!r c\rse op5 to a wise *oice ?an t :i* 0 actually adopt$4 ,i cont5d1 t 9 n passionately d5\nc+ slav]y1 & 9 cont5t+ !mselves ) quietly deposit+ ^? pr9ciples & s5tim5ts :i*1 :ile a*iev+ objects inf9itely m important1 w\ld infallibly aboli% x1 ! ,apo/les took ! wise/ c\rse1 ev5 ) relation to ?is latt] object1--?\gh x 0 d\btless n ! c\rse into :i* a bl9d fanaticism w\ld h plung$4 ,to ent] ^u an op5 crusade aga9/ slav]y 9 t age w\ld h be5 to r5d] ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel a simple impossibility1 & to conv]t a pr(ess$ly moral & spiritual in/itute into an eng9e ( political agitation2 x w\ld h af=d$ ! indignant gov]nm5ts ( ! _w--q prompt en\gh to *>ge x ) s$iti\s t5d5cies--a plausible pretext = its suppression4 ,bo? ! prim>y & ! second>y objects w\ld h be5 sacrific$2 & ! *a9s ( slav]y rivet$1 n relax$4 ,slav]y1 9 t age1 we mu/ recollect1 0 int]wov5 ) ! entire fabric ( society 9 almo/ all nations4 ,to d5\nce x w\ld h be5 a provocation1 nay1 a *all5ge1 to a s]vile w> 9 e c\ntry to :i* ! zeal ( ! ,*ri/ian emiss>ies might c>ry ! ,gospel4 ,cont5t+ !mselves1 !re=e1 ) ! enunciation ( ^? pr9ciples :i*1 :]e !y are truly embrac$1 are inconsi/5t ) ! p]man5t exi/5ce ( slav]y1 &1 if triumphant1 insure its d[nfall1 ! ,apo/les pursu$ t :i* 0 _! great object2 & = ^? ( an inf]ior ord]1 pati5tly wait$ = ! "t :5 ! se$ !y _h s[n broadca/ 9 ! e>? %\ld yield its h>ve/4 ,& surely ! ev5t has ju/ifi$ _! sagacity4 ,= to :at1 aft] all1 h j notions on ?is mo/ important subject be5 ow+1 except to ?is said ,*ri/ianity8 ,?\gh x is true t1 ow+ to ! imp]fect exemplification ( its pr9ciples by m5 :o pr(ess x1 x has n yet done its "w1 x is do+ x2 ?\gh "s ,*ri/ian nations--m %ame = !m--h slaves1 none b ,*ri/ian nations are )\t !m4 ,n only is ! s9c]e admission ( ! maxims & pr9ciples ( ! ,new ,te/am5t inconsi/5t ) ! p]man5t exi/5ce ( slav]y1 b ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity af=ds p]petual illu/rations ( its t5d5cy to de/roy x4 ,ev5 dur+ ! ,d>k ,ages1 ev5 9 its mo/ corrupt$ =m1 ,*ri/ianity wr\ght = ! practical ext9ction ( s]fdom4 ,mr4 ,newman says t x 0 ,*ri/ians1 n m51 t ! *ur* s\ght to enfran*ise2 x little matt]s2 %e s\ght to aboli% all villanage4 ,he says t ev5 ,mahometans d n l to enslave ,mahometans2 ,i ask1 c he f9d imm5se bodies ( ,mahometans :o cont5d t x is ,contr>y to ! _s1 t5d5cies1 & maxims1 if n precise lett]1 ( _! religion1 to enslave any body8 ,= x 0 su* a pr9ciple :i* expressly call$ =? ! abhorr5ce & condemnation ( slav]y 9 our own age & nation4 ,x _c be d5i$ t ! movem5t by :i* ?is accurs$ sy/em 01 aft] s long a /ruggle1 ext]m9at$ among/ u1 0 an em95tly religi\s "o1 z reg>ds its ma9 support]s1 ! gr\nd !y took1 & ! sacrifices !y made4 ,b ,*ri/ian nations h def5d$ & practis$ slav]y6 y w say4 ,!y h2 & ,*ri/ian nations h (t5 practis$ ! vices :i* ! ,book expressly condemns1--j z all nations h practis$ _m ?+s :i* _! codes ( morals or laws condemn4 ,! "q is :e!r 9 ! "o case ! ,book1 or 9 ! o!r case ! codes1 approve !m2 n1 ,i presume1 :e!r man is a v inconsi/5t animal4 ,b no sy/em is made answ]able = ! violations ( its _s--except ,*ri/ianity4 ,mr4 ,newman says t slavehold]s make ! ,new ,te/am5t ! /ronghold ( ! accurs$ sy/em4 ,x _h be5 m to ! purpose if he _h po9t$ out a passage or two :i* recomm5d x4 ,he kn[s t x is simply because x does n 7= reasons already /at$7 d5\nce x1 t !y say x approves x4 ,are y satisfi$ ) ?is reason+8 ,!n try x on ano!r case1--= despotism is exactly p>allel4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t does n expressly d5\nce t1 & = ! same reasons2 & ! argum5ts = passive ob$i5ce h be5 ) equal plausibility drawn f its pages4 ,w ! ,transatlantic republicans approve despotism on ! same au?ority8 --,despotism has wr\ght at lea/ z mu* mis]y to mank9d z slav]y1 & probably mu* m4 ,0 x a duty ( ! ,apo/les1 in/ead ( lay+ d[n pr9ciples :i*1 ?\gh hav+ ano!r object1 w\ld infallibly und]m9e x1 to d5\nce despotism ev]y:]e1 & invite all p to an insurrection aga9/ _! rul]s8 ,if !y _h1 ! spiritual objects ( ! ,gospel w\ld h be5 easily und]/ood1 & v prop]ly treat$4 ,let me apply ! argum5tum ad hom9em4 ,mr4 ,newman has favor$ ! _w ) 8 views ( religi\s tru?1 & ! spiritual weapons by :i* its *ampion is to make x victori\s ov] mank9d2 he has also record$ 8 hatr$ ( slav]y & despotism1 :]e su* magnanimity is p]fectly safe1 & p]fectly sup]flu\s4 ,let me n[ suppose y1 n only p>tly1 b :olly ( 8 m9d1 & animat$ 7if spiritualism w ev] prompt m5 to d any ?+1 except1 z ,h>r+ton says1 to write books aga9/ book-revelation71 --let me suppose y animat$ to g z mission>y to ! ,ea/ to prea* ?is spiritual sy/em3 w\ld y1 9 addition to all ! re/1 publicly d5\nce ! social & political evils "u :i* ! nations groan8 ,if s1 y\r spiritual projects w\ld soon be p]fectly und]/ood1 & summ>ily dealt )4 ,x is 9 va9 to say t1 if commission$ by ,heav51 & end[$ ) p[] ( work+ miracles1 y w\ld d s2 = y _c tell "u :at limitations y\r commission w\ld be giv52 x is pretty c]ta9 t x w\ld leave y to "w a moral & spiritual sy/em by moral & spiritual means1 & n all[ y to turn ! _w upside d[n1 nor m5daci\sly tell x t y came only to prea* peace1 :ile e syllable y utt]$ w\ld be an inc5tive to s$ition4 ,,iii4 ,! la/ po9t on :i* y ask a few rem>ks is 9 relation to ! e>ly spread ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,mr4 ,newman makes easy "w ( ?is great problem4 ,he says1 ,be=e ,con/ant9e1 ,*ri/ians 7 b a small fraction ( ! empire 44444 ,9 fact1 x 0 ! ,*ri/ian soldi]s 9 ,con/anl9e's army :o conqu]$ ! empire = ,*ri/ianity4 7,phases1 p4 #afb47 ,9 ! fir/ place1 suppos+ ! facts j z /at$4--namely1 t x 0 ! ,*ri/ian soldi]s ( ,con/ant9e :o conqu]$ ! empire = ,*ri/ianity1--:o 0 x t conqu]$ ! army = ,*ri/ianity8 ,:5 ,i f9d ,mahometanism ! preval5t religion ?r\gh ! ,engli% regim5ts1 ,i %all %rewdly suspect t ! conque/ ( ,engl& = ,mahometanism w h be5 made an easy task1 by its hav+ already made equal progress among/ ! p g5]ally6 ,i suppose x w n be d5i$ t ! soldi]s1 by ^: aid ,con/ant9e a*iev$ ?is great victory1 7 !mselves pr(ess$ly conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity2 & ,*ri/ianity z x _h exi/$ 9 ! times ( ! rec5t p]secutions 0 n likely to allure m5 to ! pr(ession ( arms4 ,i ?9k1 !re=e1 we may fairly assume1 t1 if ! imp]ial armies 7 to any consid]able ext5t--& x mu/ h be5 ex hypo!si to a prevail+ ext5t--compos$ ( ,*ri/ians1 ,*ri/ianity _h made at lea/ equal progress 9 ! ranks ( civil life4 ,! "o may be tak5 z ! measure ( ! o!r2 ?\gh we might fairly suppose1 bo? f ! pr9ciples & habits ( ! ,*ri/ians1 t !y w\ld be f\nd 9 civil life 9 a l>g] ratio4 ,! camp 0 n precisely ! place = !m2 ! ,gospel might f9d !m !re1 x r>ely s5t !m4 ,s t ! "q returns1 ,h[ came x to pass t ! bulk ( ! armies :i* conqu]$ ! empire = ,*ri/ianity came to be ,*ri/ians1--at lea/ 9 "n & pr(ession8 ,ah6 y w say1 9 "n1--b !y 7 /range ,*ri/ians :o became soldi]s4 ,v true2 & x makes my argum5t ! /rong]4 ,m]e pr(essors ( a religi\s sy/em only foll[ 9 ! wake ( its triumphs4 ,:5 ^? :o d n c>e mu* = a sy/em pr(ess & embrace x1 dep5d ^u x1 x has l>gely triumph$4 ,to suppose1 !re=e1 t ,con/ant9e conqu]$ ! empire = ,*ri/ianity1 :ile we admit t ! army 0 already ,*ri/ian1 is v l gett+ rid ( ! objection 9 ! way ! ,iri%man propos$ to get rid ( "s sup]flu\s c>t-loads ( e>?4 ,let u dig a hole1 said he1 & put x 94 ,x is mu* ! same "h4 ,con/ant9e became a conv]t1 p]haps f conviction1 b c]ta9ly r late4 ,suppos+ him a political conv]t1 z _m h done1 x c\ld only be because he saw t ,*ri/ianity _h done its "w to su* an ext5t z to r5d] x m probable t x w\ld assi/ him ?an t he c\ld assi/ x4 ,?is induc$ him to take x "u ! w+ ( 8 patronage4 ,& on su* a !ory1 :at b su* a conviction c\ld h ju/ifi$ him 9 ! attempt = a mom5t8 ,h[ c\ld he be fool en\gh to add to ! difficulties ( 8 position--a c&idate = empire--! /up5d\s difficulty ( =c+ ^u 8 unwill+ or indiff]5t subjects a religion :i* by supposition !y 7 any ?+ b prep>$ to receive8 ,if ! prospects ( ,*ri/ianity _h n already decid$ ! "q = him1 s f> f receiv+ cr$it = political sagacity1 z he ev] has done1 he w\ld des]ve r to be consid]$ an absolute idiot6 ,aga92 is x n pla9 f hi/ory 9 g5]al1 & mu/ we n inf] x f ! nature ( ! case a priori1 t ,*ri/ianity mu/ 9 "s fa%ion h conqu]$ its millions be=e ,con/ant9e or any o!r man 0 likely to attempt to conqu] ! empire = ,*ri/ianity1 or to succe$ 9 s do+ if he _h8 ,is !re an in/ance on record ( a p sudd5ly1 at a mom5t's notice1 *ang+ its religion1 or r--= ?is is ! true repres5tation--( _m diff]5t nations *ang+ _! _m diff]5t religions at ! simple comm& ( _! sov]eign1 & he too an up/>t8 ,9 two cases1 & 9 only two1 x may be done2 fir/1 by an unsp>+ use ( ! sword1 ! brief1 simple alt]native ( ,mahomet1 ,dea? or ! ,koran2 ! o!r1 :5 ! new =m ( belief has conv]t$ ! bulk or a l>ge portion ( ! nation2 ( :i*1 9 ?is case1 ! conv]sion ( ! army is a tol]ably significant indication4 ,b aga92 if x be said t ! p1 or r ! _m diff]5t nations1 ab&on$ _! religions out ( complaisance to _! sov]eign1 ,i answ]1 ,:y d we n see ! same ?+ repeat$ :5 ,julian wi%$ to rev]se ! exp]im5t8 ,!y 7 n s pliant !n2 !n 0 x se5 v de>ly t ! p 71 z 9 e o!r case1 unwill+1 z reg>ds _! religion1 to be m]e puppets 9 ! h&s ( _! gov]nors4 ,he 0 animat$ by at lea/ z /rong a hatr$ ( ,*ri/ianity z ,con/ant9e by a love ( x4 ,yet we see all ! way ?r\gh1 t !re 0 n a *ance ( success = him4 ,b !re 7 "s p]secutions1 y w say1 by ,con/ant9e4 ,true1 b !y 7 s trifl+ comp>$ ) :at w\ld h be5 requir$ _h ! conv]sion ( an unbeliev+ & refractory empire dep5d$ on su* means1 t few :o read ! hi/ory ( religi\s revolutions w believe t !y 7 ! cause ( ! *ange4 ,e ?+ %[s t a va/ prec$+ moral revolution 9 ! empire is ! only suffici5t explanation ( s sudd5 an ev5t4 ,gibbon himself admits ,con/ant9e's tol]ant disposition4 ,b1 x may be said1 ! old hea!nism 0 worn out & effete2 no "o ?\ght x wor? 8 :ile to /& up 9 its def5ce4 ,i answ]1 fir/1 x seems to h be5 suffici5tly lov$1 or at lea/ ,*ri/ianity 0 suffici5tly hat$1 to insure frequ5t & sangu9>y p]secutions ( ! latt]1 almo/ up to ! eve ( ,con/ant9e's accession4 ,secondly1 y are to consid] t1 ?\gh 9 ! s*ools ( philosoph]s1 9 ! ,epicurean or sceptical atmosph]e ( ! luxuri\s capital & o!r great cities1 !re 0 unque/ionably a num]\s p>ty to :om ! old sup]/ition 0 a laugh+-/ock1 !re 7 va/ multitudes to :om x 0 /ill1 9 its v>i\s =ms1 a ?+ ( p[]4 ,y are to recollect t ! ,roman empire 0 made up ( _m nations1 ea* ) a diff]5t mode ( religion1 & to suppose t ^! diff]5t religions _h ceas$ to ex]cise ! usual influ5ce on va/ multitudes ( ! p w\ld be m]e delusion4 ,if !y 7 surr5d]$ at la/ s easily1 x c\ld only be because a great p>ty--antagoni/ic to ea*--_h be5 sil5tly =m+ 9 ea* nation1 & und]m9+ ! p[] ( ! popul> sup]/itions4 ,b1 ?irdly1 if ! repres5tation 7 true1 to :at c s s+ul> a ph5om5on--?is simultane\s decay ( diff]5t religions1 ?is epidemic pe/il5ce among/ ! gods ( ! ,pan!on --be ascrib$1 b to ! previ\s influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 & its ext5sive conque/s8 ,&1 f\r?ly1 suppos+ ?is n ! case1 & yet t ! indiff]5ce 9 "q exi/$1 ?is indiff]5ce to ! old sy/ems ( religion w\ld n presuppose equal indiff]5ce to new1 or induce ! p to embrace !m at ! m]e bidd+ ( _! new ma/]4 ,if ?is 7 s1 we ought to see ! same ph5om5on repeat$ 9 ! case ( ,julian4 ,if1 9 _! presum$ indiff]5ce to ! old & ! new1 !y li/5$ to ,con/ant9e :5 he comm&$ !m to become ,*ri/ians1 :y did n !y manife/ an equally compliant temp] :5 ! ,apo/ate enjo9$ !m to become hea!ns1 & l ,con/ant9e1 gave !m bo? precept & example8 ,b look at ! hi/oric evid5ce on ! subject long be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,is x possible = any c&id p]son to read ! ,epi/le ( ,pl9y to ,trajan1 & n see 9 t alone1 aft] mak+ e d$uction = any suppos$ bias "u :i* ! lett] may h be5 writt5 7?\gh1 9 fact1 x is difficult to suppose any bias t w\ld n r lead ! writ] to dim9i% ! numb] ( ! ,*ri/ians ?an to exagg]ate x71--is x possible1 ,i say1 to read t s+ul> /ate pap]1 & n feel t ! new religion _h made prodigi\s progress 9 t remote prov9ce8 & t1 a =tiori1 if 9 ,bi?ynia x _h conqu]$ its ?\s&s ( proselytes1 9 o!r & m favor$ prov9ces x mu/ h ga9$ its t5s ( ?\s&s8 ,to me ! lett] ( ,pl9y speaks volumes2 & if s mu* c\ld be said at s e>ly a p]iod z ,a4 ,d4 #ajg1 :at 0 ! /ate ( ?+s two c5turies lat]8 ,precisely ! same conclusion mu/ be arriv$ at if we consult ! uni=m tone ( ! ,*ri/ian apologi/s1 f ,ju/9 ,m>tyr to ,m9ucius ,felix4 ,mak+ "h1 aga91 :at d$uctions y please = ! f]vid eloqu5ce & rhetorical exagg]ations ( su* a man z ,t]tullian1 x is too mu* to suppose ev5 8 ,african impetuosity w\ld h v5tur$1 n m]ely on ! virul5t invective1 ! bold taunts1 ) :i* he ev]y:]e assails ! popul> sup]/itions1 b on su* /rong ass]tions ( ! triumphant progress ( ! up/>t religion1 unless !re _h be5 obvi\s approximation to tru? 9 8 /atem5ts4 ,we 7 b ( ye/]day1 says he1 & we h fill$ y\r cities1 isl&s1 t[ns1 & assemblies2 ! camp1 ! s5ate1 ! palace1 & ! =um sw>m ) conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity4 ,apologi/ = ,*ri/ianity6 ,unless ^! words _h be5 en=c$ by v mu* ( tru?1 he w\ld h made ,*ri/ianity simply ridicul\s2 & ,*ri/ians w\ld h be5 necessitat$ to apologize = _! mad apologi/4 ,! same conclusion equally foll[s f ! consid]ation ( ^? v corruptions ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* no c&id /ud5t ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory w be sl[ to admit _h already infect$ x1 _m ye>s be=e ,con/ant9e v5tur$ to aid x by 8 equivocal patronage4 ,x 0 obvi\sly its triumphant progress1--its attraction to itself ( mu* weal?1--! accession1 to a consid]able ext5t1 ( fa%ion1 rank1 & p[]1--t *iefly caus$ ^? corruptions4 ,s long z ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 poor & despis$1 su* sc5es z (t5 att5d$ ! election ( bi%ops 9 ! great cities ( ! empire w\ld be q impossible4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! argum5t ( ,mr4 ,newman--judici\sly compress$ into a few s5t5ces--appe>s to me ev5 ludicr\s4 ,h[ diff]5t ! c\rse :i* ,gibbon pursues6 ,:at a pity t ! great hi/orian did n p]ceive t ?is /atem5t w\ld h l$ him equally well to 8 desir$ end2 t s brief a demon/ration w\ld suffice to acc\nt = t unmanageable ph5om5on1 ! rapid progress & ultimate triumph ( ,*ri/ianity6 ,he1 on ! contr>y1 seems to h read hi/ory ) v diff]5t eyes2 & yet ,i suppose no man w "q ei!r 8 le>n+ or 8 sagacity4 ,he f9ds himself oblig$ to admit ! conspicu\s advance :i* ! ,gospel _h made be=e ,con/ant9e's accession1 & employs e n]ve to inv5t suffici5t natural causes to acc\nt = x4 ,:at a facile task w\ld he h _h ( x1 if he _h b be?\ght him t ,*ri/ianity1 in/ead ( hav+ be5 to an enorm\s ext5t successful 01 9 fact1 wait+1 9 comp>ative failure1 ! triumphant aid ( a milit>y conqu]or6 ,he might !n h disp5s$ ) ! celebrat$ *apt]1 & sub/itut$ = x ! two pregnant s5t5ces by :i* ,mr4 ,newm5 has1 9 effect1 decl>$ x sup]flu\s4 ,augu/ #g4 ,?ree days ago 7! ev5+ be=e my return home7 ,i manag$ to prevail ^u myself to h a close & =mal discussion ) ,h>r+ton on ! subject ( 8 scepticism4 ,we _h a regul> fight1 :i* la/$ till midnight1 & beyond4 ,a good deal ( x 0 79 a d\ble s5se1 p]haps7 a nuktoma*ia4 ,z ,i _h no "o to jot d[n %ort-h& notes ( our controv]sy1--p]haps x is z well = me & = tru? t !re 0 none1--x is impossible t ,i %\ld d m ?an give y a succ9ct summ>y ( its c\rse4 ,b its pr9cipal topics are too indelibly impress$ on my memory to leave me 9 d\bt ab\t g5]al accuracy4 ,i h>dly "k :at l$ to x2 ,i believe1 h[ev]1 x 0 an obs]vation he made on ! diff]5t fates ( metaphysical & physical sci5ce1--! la/ all progress1 & ! fir/ p]petual unc]ta9ty4 ,he _h be5 read+ a rem>k ( "s philosoph] :o attribut$ ?is diff]5ce to ! m sub/antial inc5tives (f]$ to ! cultivation ( ! physical sci5ces4 ,s t1 said he1 !y are1 x seems1 :at our ,g]man fri5ds w\ld call ',brodwiss5s*aft5'6 ,n ! bra91 z "s idly suppose1 b ! /oma*1 is ! true organon ( discov]y1 & if ! metaphysician c\ld b be punctually assur$ ( 8 d9n] 7:i* has n always be5 ! case71 or at all ev5ts ( a =tune1 we %\ld soon h ! true !ories ( ! ,sublime & ,beautiful1--( ,e?ics1--( ! ,inf9ite1--( ! ,absolute1--( ,m9d & ,matt]1--( ,lib]ty & ,necessity2 :]eas ,i ?9k we %\ld only h a multiplication ( d\btful !ories4 ,he rem>k$ t he d\bt$ ! tru? ( ! hypo!sis 9 bo? its p>ts2 t n ! want ( adequate motives1 b ! intr9sic difficulty ( ! subjects1 _h kept metaphysics back 7on :at subjects _h m5 exp5d$ m gigantic toil872 nor1 on ! o!r h&1 0 x necessity t *iefly impell$ man to cultivate physical sci5ce2 x 0 ! desire ( k1--or r1 he add$1 ! love ( tru?2 = :at else 0 8 admitt$ curiosity1 9 ! la/ resort1 unless man is equally curi\s ab\t falsehood & tru?2 t is1 said he1 laugh+1 z curi\s aft] ignorance z aft] k6 ,no1 he cont9u$1 ! sci5ces are made arts = utilit>ian purposes2 b ! sci5ces !mselves h a v diff]5t orig94 ,= my own "p1 ,i w\ld z soon believe t ,sir ,isaac ,newton excogitat$ 8 sy/em ( ! univ]se 9 hopes ( be+ made "o day ,ma/] ( ! ,m9t4 ,i ass5t$1 &1 smil+1 told him ,i 0 glad to f9d him admit t !re 0 9 man a love ( k1 id5tical ) ! love ( tru?4 ,he said he admitt$ ! appetite1 b d5i$ t !re 0 always an adequate supply ( food4 ,he admitt$ t 9 physical sci5ce man seem$ capable ( unlimit$ progress2 b x seem$ d\btful :e!r ?is 0 ! case 9 o!r directions4 ,:at 0 !re inconsi/5t ) scepticism 9 t8 he ask$4 ,i answ]$1 t x 0 n = me to say at :at po9t ( ! scale a man might become an or?odox d\bt]2 b ,i 01 at all ev5ts1 glad t he _h n gone all ! l5g?s :i* "s _h gone1 or pr(ess$ to h gone2 :o1 if !y _h n rea*$ t climax ( ,pyrrhonism1 to d\bt ev5 if !y d\bt1 yet _h decl>$ ! atta9m5t ( all tru? impossible4 ,i !n bant]$ him a little on ! advantages ( absolute scepticism2 told him ,i wond]$ t he %\ld ?r[ !m away2 & rem9d$ him ( ! success ) :i* ! sceptic might tra9 on 8 adv]s>y into ! bosky dep?s ( ,g]man metaphysics1--! !ories ( ,s*ell+1 ,fi*te1 ,hegel4 ,if tru? be 9 any ( ^? dusky labyr9?s1 said ,i1 y are n compell$ to f9d h]2 ! m un9telligible ! discussion becomes1 ! bett] = ! sceptic2 y may n only d\bt1 b d\bt :e!r y ev5 und]/& y\r d\bts4 ,y may play 'hide & seek' !re = t5 ?\s& ye>s4 ,= all et]nity1 0 8 reply4 ,b he said he _h no wi% to seek any su* cov]t1 nor to play ! sceptic4 ,i told him ,i 0 glad to f9d t 8 scepticism did n--to use ,burke's expression on ano!r subject--g d[n to ! f\ndations4 ,he answ]$ t he 0 afraid x did on all subjects really ( any significance to man4 ,z to ! pres5t life1 he cont9u$1 ,i am q will+ to accept ,bayle's dictum3 ',les ,sceptiques ne nioi5t pas qu'il ne se fallut con=m] aux c\tumes de son pays1 et pratiqu] des devoirs de la morale1 et pr5dre p>ti en ces *oses la sur des probabilites1 sans att5dre la c]titude4' ,i 0 n sorry t he took ,bayle's limits ( scepticism r ?an ,hume's3 ,i told him s4 ,hume1 he said1 0 evid5tly play+ ) scepticism2 = himself1 he _h no he>t to je/ ^u ! subject4 ,! ,scot* sceptic ackn[l$g$ t ! metaphysical riddles ( 8 absolute scepticism ex]cis$1 & ought to ex]cise1 no practical influ5ce on himself or any man2 t ! mom5t he quitt$ !m1 & ent]$ into society1 !y appe>$ to him s frigid & unnatural t he c\ld n get himself to int]e/ himself ab\t !m any fur!r2 t a d9n] ) a fri5d1 or a game at backgammon1 put !m all to flight1 & re/or$ him to ! und\bt+ belief ( all ! maxims :i* 8 m$itative h\rs _h /ripp$ him (4 ,x 0 natural1 ,h>r+ton said2 = su* scepticism 0 impossible4 ,he add$1 h[ev]1 t1 _h ,hume be5 hone/1 he w\ld nev] h employ$ 8 subtilty 9 ! "o-sid$ way he did2 =1 said he1 if 8 pr9ciples be true1 !y tell j z mu* aga9/ ^? :o d5y any religi\s dogmas z aga9/ ^? :o ma9ta9 !m4 ,yet ev]y:]e 9 relation to religion--take ! "q ( miracles1 = example--he argues n z a sceptic at all1 b z a dogmati/1 only on ! negative side4 ,if 8 doctr9e ( ',ideas' & ( ',causation' be true1 he ought to h ma9ta9$ t2 = any ?+ we "k1 miracles may h occurr$ a ?\s& times1 & may z (t5 occur aga94 ,hume1 he said1 0 amus+ himself2 b ,i am n3 nor c any "o really feel--_m pret5d to d s )\t feel+ at all--! pressure ( su* d\bts z envelop me1 & be cont5t to amuse !mselves ) !m4 ,i f\nd x v difficult to attack him 9 ! intr5*m5ts he _h ?r[n up4 ,i ?\ght ,i w\ld j try = a mom5t to act on ! ,spirituali/'s advice1 &1 ?r[+ aside all intellectual & logical processes1 all appeals to ! critical faculties1 advance lightly equipp$ z ,prie/ley himself1 mak+ my appeal to ! spiritual faculty4 ,i _c say t ! result 0 at all :at spiritualism promises4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,h>r+ton p>ri$ all su* appeals 9 a tw9kl+4 ,he said he did n admit t he _h any spiritual faculty :i* act$ 9 isolation f ! intellect2 t religi\s fai? mu/ be f\nd$ on religi\s tru?1 & ev5 quasi-religi\s fai? on quasi-religi\s tru?4 ,t ! intellect & ! moral & spiritual faculties 7if he _h any7 act$ toge!r1 s9ce he felt t he 0 indivisible1 & t ! =m] man be satisfi$ z well z ! latt]2 t x 0 s ) all 8 faculties1 none ( :i* act$ 9 isolation2 t h[ev] hung] might prompt to food1 he nev] took :at 8 s5ses ( sight & t\* told him 0 s& or gravel2 t if he indulg$ love1 or pity1 or ang]1 x 0 only z ! s5ses & ! imag9ation & ! und]/&+ 7 busi$ ) objects adequate to elicit !m2 t if beautiful poetry excit$ emotion1 x 0 only z he und]/ood ! mean+ & connection ( ! words4 ,& :at else are y do+ n[1 :ile urg+ me to realize by direct 'insight1' by 'gaz+' on 'spiritual tru?1' & s =?1 ! ?+s y wi% me to realize1 --,i say :at are y do+ b appeal+ to me1 ?r\gh ^! same m$ia ( ! s5ses & ! imag9ation1 by rhetoric & logic8 ,h[ else c y ga9 any access to my suppos$ 'spiritual faculties'8 ,i repli$1 t ev5 ! spirituali/ did t1--he endeavor$ to conv9ce m51 ,i suppos$4 ,yes1 he repli$1 laugh+1 because he is privileg$ d\bly to abuse logic at "o & ! same "t2 to abuse x 9 "o s5se z a fallaci\s in/rum5t ( religi\s conviction 9 ! h&s ( o!rs1 & to abuse x 9 ano!r s5se1 z an in/rum5t ( fallaci\s conviction 9 8 own4 ,b y are n s privileg$4 ,h>r+ton insi/$ on ! fact1 t ! :ole ?+ 0 a delusion2 ,i might appeal1 he said1 if ,i ?\ght prop]1 to any faculties1 or rudim5ts ( faculties1 he possess$1 spiritual or o!rwise2 b he really c\ld n pret5d ev5 to compreh5d "o syllable ,i said1 if ,i d5i$ him ! use ( 8 und]/&+4 ,i might z well1 & = ! same reasons1 appeal to him )\t ! int]v5tion ( 8 s5ses1 --= 8 s\l c\ld n be m diff]5t f 8 intellect ?an f !m4 ,besides1 he cont9u$1 ,i "k y d n imag9e t any spiritual faculty acts ?us indep5d5tly ( ! intellect2 & !re=e y are only mock+ me4 ,i ?\ght x be/ to cut my cable & leave ?is unsafe an*orage4 ,i told him t1 z he d\bt$ :e!r man _h any di/9ctly m>k$ religi\s & spiritual faculties1 :ile ,i affirm$ t he _h1 --al?\gh he 0 q "r 9 suppos+ t ,i did n believe t !y act$ except 9 close conjunction ) ! intellect1--x made x difficult to hold any disc\rse ) him4 ,d\bt+ ! ,bible1 he _h also le>n$ to d\bt t doctr9e ( human depravity1 :i* he once ?\ght h>moniz$--& ,i /ill ?\ght did alone h>monize--! great facts ( man's ess5tially religi\s con/itution & 8 et]nally v>i$ & mo/ egregi\sly corrupt religi\s developm5t4 ,h[ev]1 ,i told him t1 ev5 9 ! concession ( ! probable z a suffici5t rule ( conduct 9 ?is life1 he _h grant$ en\gh to condemn utt]ly 8 sceptical position4 ,he n[ look$ s9c]ely int]e/$4 ,let me1 said ,i1 ask y a few que/ions4 ,he glanc$ t[>ds me an ar* look4 ,:at6 he said1 y wi% to get ! ,socratic wea!r-gage ( me1 d y8 ,y =get1 my de> uncle1 t y introduc$ me to ! ,platonic dialectics4 ,heav5 =give y1 said ,i1 = ! ?\ght4 ,y "k ,i make little pret5sion to y\r favorite erotetic me?od3 & if ,i did1 oh6 d y n "k1 ,h>r+ton1 my son1 t1 if ,i c\ld b conv9ce y on ?is "o subject1 ,i w\ld cons5t to be confut$ by y on e o!r e day 9 ! ye>8--nay1 to be trampl$ "u y\r feet8 ,i add$1 ) a falt]+ voice4 ,&1 besides t1 d y n "k t !re c be no rivalry betwe5 fa!r & son2 t x is ! only human affection :i* =bids x2 t pride1 & n envy1 swells a fa!r's he>t1 :5 he f9ds himself outdone8 ,he 0 n unmov$2 told me he knew t ,i lov$ him well1 & desir$ me to ask any que/ions ,i pleas$4 ,he saw h[ gratifi$ 8 affection made me feel4 ,i said1 gayly1 ,well1 !n1 let me ask 7z our old fri5d ) ! que] face might h said71 ,d y n grant !re is su* a ?+ z prud5ce8 ,i d1 he said4 ,b to be prud5t is1 ,i ?9k1 to d t :i* is mo/ likely to promote our happ9ess4 ,t :i* seems mo/ likely1 = ,i d n admit t we "k :at w4 ,t :i* seems1 !n1 = x is ( no consequ5ce4 ,( no consequ5ce6 surely !re is a little diff]5ce betwe5 be+ & seem+ to be4 ,all ! diff]5ce 9 ! _w1 ,i repli$1 b n 9 relation to our *oice ( conduct1 ,we *oose1 if prud5t1 t conduct :i*1 on ! :ole1 delib]ately seems mo/ likely to promote our happ9ess1 &1 z f> z t goes1 :at seems is4 ,i grant x2 & t probabilities are ! measure ( x1 said ,h>r+ton4 ,y are ( ,bayle's op9ion1 t !re is 9 relation to ! pres5t life a probable prud5t1 & t x w\ld be gross folly to neglect x8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,& 9 proportion z ! int]e/ 0 great]1 & ext5d$ ov] a long] "t1 y w\ld be cont5t ) less & less probabilities to ju/ify action8 ,i freely grant ,i %\ld4 ,if n[ a s]vant came into ! room to say t he fe>$ y\r f>m-h\se at ,k+'s ,o--- 0 on fire1 ?\gh y might ?9k x b fa9tly probable1 y w\ld n ?9k x prud5t to neglect ! in=mation8 ,i c]ta9ly %\ld n4 ,& if y 7 immortal "h on e>?1 & ! neglect ( "s probably1 or 7we w say7 only possibly1 true in=mation 9 relation to "s vital int]e/ might affect x ?r\gh t :ole immortality1 y w\ld consid] x prud5t to act on almo/ no probability at all1 on ! v fa9te/ presumption ( ! tru?8 ,i mu/ 9 hone/y agree ) y s f>4 ,:at does y\r scepticism promise y1 if x be well f\nd$8 ,mu* happ9ess8 ,to me none2 r ! contr>y2 & to none1 ,i ?9k1 c x promise mu*4 ,& if ,*ri/ianity be true1--= ,i speak only ( t1--,i "k !re is n 9 y\r e/imate any o!r religion t comes into competition ) x--immortal felicity1 immortal mis]y1 dep5ds on x8 ,yes2 x _c be d5i$4 ,y admit t scepticism may be false1 ev5 ?\gh x has a ?\s& to "o 9 its favor2 = by its v pr9ciples y "k no?+1 & c "k no?+1 on ! subjects to :i* its d\bts ext5d8 ,i ackn[l$ge x4 ,& ,*ri/ianity may be true by ! v same reason+1 ?\gh ! *ances be only z "o to a ?\s&8 ,x is s4 ,!n by y\r own confession y are n prud5t1 = y d n act 9 relation to ,*ri/ianity on ! pr9ciples on :i* y say y act 9 ! affairs ( ! pres5t life2 :]e y ackn[l$ge t ! lea/ presumption w move y1 :5 ! int]e/s are suffici5tly p]man5t & great4 ,he told me1 ) a smile1 ,i might h arriv$ at ! same conclusion )\t any argum5t2 = he 0 will+ to ackn[l$ge 9 g5]al t he 0 n prud5t1 & 9 relation to ?is v subject %\ld always admit1 ) ,byron1 t ! s9c]e ,*ri/ian _h an und5iable advantage ov] bo? ! infidel & ! sceptic2 s9ce1 he add$1 putt+ ! admission into a v concise =m1 _! be/ is 8 wor/4 ,v well1 said ,i1 ,h>r+ton1 only rememb] t y\r imprud5ce is none ! less = y\r admission ( x4 ,none 9 ! _w1 he admitt$2 b be cont5d$ !re 0 a flaw 9 ! argum5t2 = t x 0 impossible to accept any religion on m]ely prud5tial gr\nds4 ,& he !n w5t on1 9 8 curi\s way1 to lam5t t an unreasonable c&or prev5t$ him f "h tak+ advantage ( an +5i\s argum5t adopt$ by "s ( ! mod]n spirituali/s 9 reason+ on ! probabilities ( a future life4 ,!y cont5d t x is necess>y to insulate ! s\l 7if x w\ld discov] spiritual tru?7 f all bias ( self- int]e/1--f all oblique glances at prospective advantage2 9 fact1 t only he is fully equipp$ = discov]+ spiritual tru? :o is dis9t]e/$ly indiff]5t z to :e!r x be discov]$ or n4 ,h>r+ton said he c\ld n pret5d t ev5 ! sceptic 0 s favorably circum/anc$ z t4 ,= my "p1 he said1 ,i _c hone/ly adopt ?is view1 & always ?9k x prud5t to accept z l>ge an armful ( happ9ess z ,i c grasp1 :5 tru? & duty d n come 9 ! way4 ,& 9 ! "n ( common s5se1 ,i said1 :at tru? & duty are to /& 9 y\r way8 ,is n y\r tru?1 t !re is none8 ,yes1 he repli$1 smil+2 b is n ! tru? ! tru?1 z ,fal/aff said8 ?\gh to be sure x 0 :5 he 0 manufactur+ 8 elev5 m5 9 buckram out ( two4 ,h[ev]1 z ,mr4 ,newman1 :5 "s "o =etold t he w\ld be "s day a ,soc9ian or an infidel1 repli$1 ',well1 if ,soc9ianism or any ?+ else be ! tru?1 ,soc9ians or any ?+ else let u be'2 s ,i mu/ say1 if no tru? be ! tru?1 no-tru? m5 let u be4 ,v well1 ,i repli$4 ,!n1 x seems1 tru? /&s 9 ! way ( act+ prud5tly2 &1 in/ead ( rem$y+ our fir/ p>adox1 we h />t$ on ano!r1 t tru? & prud5ce are "h oppos$3 = 9 no o!r cases 7,i ?9k7 9 :i* y apply y\r own rule ( ! probable to ! pres5t life w a m9d ( y\r compreh5siv5ess say !y are oppos$2 ,i am sure y w admit ! g5]al maxims1 t to lie is inexp$i5t1 & t hone/y is ! be/ policy1 & s on4 ,he grant$ x4 ,b fur!r1 said ,i1 :at sort ( tru? is ?is1 :i* involves duty1 & yet is oppos$ to prud5ce8 ,x is1 t !re is no tru?1 x seems1 & ?is completes ! p>adox4 ,?is /range tru?--! ,alpha ,omega ( ! sceptic1 8 fir/ & 8 la/--is to involve duty2 he is to be a confessor & m>tyr = x6 ,no?+ less ?an happ9ess & prud5ce are to be sacrific$ to consci5ce 9 ! matt]4 ,truly1 if ! tru? t !re is no tru? involves any duty1 x ought to be ! duty ( believ+ t !re is no duty to be p]=m$2 & y might z well call y\rself a no-duty man z a no-tru? man4 ,he smil$1 b repli$1 t1 s]i\sly1 x 0 impossible to adopt any religi\s op9ions1 or to *ange !m1 at ! bidd+ ( ! w4 ,i admitt$1 ( c\rse1 t ! w _h no direct p[] 9 ! matt]2 b rem9d$ him t1 if he meant x _h no influ5ce1 or ev5 a little1 on ! =mation or ret5tion ( op9ions1 no "o c\ld be a m /r5u\s ass]tor ( ! contr>y ?an he _h (t5 be54 ,i rem9d$ him x 0 s notori\s t man usually manag$ to believe z he wi%$1 t 0 no "o maxim m frequ5tly on ! lips ( ! greate/ philosoph]s1 orators1 & poets4 ,b ,i add$ t !re is also a legitimate way ( influ5c+ w1 & t is ?r\gh ! und]/&+2 & 0 ) ! hope ( induc+ him to reconsid] ! p>adoxes ( scepticism1 & n ) any expectation ( in/ant or viol5t *ange1 t ,i 0 anxi\s to enum]ate !m on ! pres5t occasion4 ,x is impossible = me to recollect exactly ! c\rse ( ! long conv]sation t ensu$2 suffice x to say1 t he will+ly grant$ _m o!r p>adoxes1 "s ( !m s readily1 z to confirm ! suspicion ,i _h sometimes felt1 t he mu/ (t5 h d\bt$ ! validity ( 8 d\bts4 ,he admitt$1 = example1 t s9ce m5 9 g5]al 7:e!r f ! possession ( a di/9ct religi\s faculty1 ?\gh x might be corrupt & deprav$1 or a m]e rudim5t>y t5d5cy to religion7 _h adapt$ "s religion1 religi\s scepticism1 9 an intelligible s5se1 0 oppos$ to nature2 --t x 0 equally oppos$ to nature1 inasmu* z ! g5]al con/itution ( man s\ght & lov$ c]ta9ty1 or suppos$ c]ta9ty1 & f\nd a /ate ( p]petual d\bt intol]able2 & t if ?is be attribut$ to a t5d5cy to dogmatism1 t is ! v t5d5cy ( nature :i* is affirm$2--t x is oppos$ to nature aga9 9 ?is way1 t :]eas re/lessness & agitation ( m9d are usually1 at all ev5ts1 w>n+s to seek relief1 scepticism produces ^! z its pure & prop] result2--t s9ce1 by ! confession ( e m9d wor?y ( respect1 ! great doctr9es ( religion1 if n true1 are su* t we _c b wi% !y 72 s9ce1 by 8 own confession1 scepticism has no?+ to allure 9 x1 & r causes mis]y ?an happ9ess2 & s9ce1 by 8 confession & t ( e "o else1 m5 9 g5]al easily believe z !y wi%1 x is an unacc\ntable p>adox1 t any "o %\ld rema9 a sceptic = a day1 except1 inde$1 f a guilty fe> ( ! tru?2--t1 s9ce scepticism t5ds to mis]y1 x is bett] n to "k its tru?1 & t !re=e ignorance is bett] ?an k2--t1 if ,*ri/ianity be an illusion1 x1 at all ev5ts1 t5ds to make m5 happi] ?an ! tru? ( scepticism1 & t !re=e error is bett] ?an tru?2--t religi\s scepticism is op5 to ! same objection z scepticism absolute2 = :]eas ! la/ is taunt$ ) tru/+ to reason to prove t reason c 9 no?+ be tru/$1 religi\s scepticism is *>geable ) decl>+ ! c]ta9ty ( all unc]ta9ty1 &1 :ile proclaim+3 t !re is no?+ true1 av[+ t t is tru? & la/ly1 t if1 9 consi/5cy1 x leaves ev5 t unc]ta9ty unc]ta91 x arrives at a conclusion :i* ev]la/+ly remits u to r5ew$ inve/igation6 ,b1 said he1 ! sceptic does affirm ! c]ta9ty ( all unc]ta9ty4 ,t is precisely my /ate ( m9d1 ev5 9 relation to ,*ri/ianity4 ,bo? its tru? & falsehood are--unc]ta94 ,!n1 said ,i1 ,i mu/ n say y reject ,*ri/ianity1 b only t y d n receive x8 ,precisely s1 said he1 ) a smile & a blu% at ! same "t4 ,i 0 mu* amus$ ) ?is logical c]emoni\sness1 by :i* a man is n to say t he rejects any ?+ s condition$1 b only t he does n receive x4 ,i told him ,i imag9$ !y came to mu* ! same ?+4 ,x is impossible1 said he1 aft] a pause1 to affirm any ?+ on ^! subjects4 ,x is equally impossible8 said ,i1 to affirm no?+2 on ! contr>y1 y sceptics h two conclusions1 ?\gh 9 a negative =m1 = e body else's "o1--toge!r ) ! pleasant addition1 t !y are contr>ies to "o ano!r2 & z ,pascal said t ! man :o attempt$ to be neut] betwe5 ! sceptic & dogmati/ 0 a sceptic p> excell5ce1 s ! g5u9e sceptic may be call$ a dogmati/ p> excell5ce4 ,= my "p1 said he1 smil+ sadly1 ,i h>dly ?9k x is v difficult ei!r to believe no?+ or e ?+4 ,fell[es1 y see1 has believ$ ev]y?+1 & n[ he is 9 a fair way to believe no?+4 ,h[ev]1 all ,i mean is1 t ! evid5ce on ^! subjects r$uces "o to a /ate ( complete m5tal susp5se1 9 :i* x is equally unreasonable to say t we believe1 z to say t we believe n4 ,h[ev]1 ,i grant y mo/ ( ! p>adoxes y m5tion2 b a sceptic is n to be />tl$ by p>adoxes1 ,i tr[2 alas6 !y prove no?+4 ,prove no?+6 nay1 ,i ?9k y d y\r sy/em inju/ice2 ,i ?9k x is entitl$ to ! di/9ction ( mak+ great discov]ies4 ,y confess t ! only tru? on ^! subjects is1 t !re is no tru?2 t to act on ?is tru? necessitates a conduct oppos$ to nature1 to prud5ce1 to happ9ess2 t x is a k worse ?an ignorance2 t x is a tru? t is worse ?an error2 t x nev] did1 w1 or c be embrac$ by _m1 & t x makes ! few :o embrace x mis]able2 y admit fur!r1 ) me1 t m5 g5]ally believe z !y wi%4 ,:y1 !n1 d y n fly f s hide\s a mon/]1 on ! v gr\nd 7only 9 ?is case x is /rong]7 on :i* y d\bt all religi\s sy/ems1--t is1 on acc\nt ( ! suppos$ p>adoxes !y involve8 ,x may be b a little argum5t ) y1 :o seem to dem& demon/ration ( religi\s tru?2 b = myself1 ,i feel t1 :atev] be ! tru?1 su* a *im]a z scepticism1 bri/l+ all ov] ) p>adoxes1 mu/ be--a lie4 ,well1 he repli$1 b !n :i* religion is ! true8 ,nay1 ,i said1 t is an aft] consid]ation2 if y c b be br\ght to believe t any is true1 ,i "k y w believe b "o4 ,y t\*$ j n[1 he repli$1 on ! v difficulty4 ,i %all believe z soon z any "o gives me :at y truly say ,i ask1-- demon/ration ( ! tru? ( "s "o ( ! ?\s& & "o religi\s sy/ems :i* m5 h believ$4 ,& t1 demon/ration1 said ,i1 y _c h2 = ,god has n grant$ demon/ration to man on t or any o!r subject 9 :i* duty is involv$4 ,b :y might ,i n h _h x8 & %\ld ,i n h _h x1 if x _h be5 incumb5t on me to believe x8 ,we _h n[ come to ! v knot ( ! :ole argum5t4 ,incumb5t on y to believe6 ,i suppose y mean1 if !re _h be5 any sy/em :i* y c\ld n b believe2 :i* y mu/ believe :e!r y w\ld or n4 ,no d\bt1 9 t case1 ! requisite evid5ce w\ld h be5 su* t scepticism w\ld h be5 impossible2 t ^w 'incumb5t' implies duty2 & t ^w duty is ! key to ! :ole my/]y1 = x implies ! possibility ( resi/+ its claims4 ,we d n speak ( its be+ incumb5t on a man to run out ( a burn+ h\se1 or to swim1 if he c1 :5 ?r[n into deep wat]4 ,he _c help x4 ,if !re be a ,supreme ,rul] ( ! univ]se1 & if ! po/ure ( 8 intellig5t creatures be t ( submissive ob$i5ce to him1 x is inconceivable t a man c ev] h exp]i5ce ( 8 be+ will+ to p]=m t duty ) ! sort ( demon/ration :i* y dem&2 &1 = aught we "k1 x may be impossible1 con/itut$ z we are1 t we %\ld ev] be actually tra9$ to t duty1 except 9 ! mid/ ( v mu* less ?an c]ta9ty4 ,n[1 if ?is be s1--& ,i defy y or any man to prove t x may n be s1--!n we are ask+ a simple impossibility :5 we ask t we may be fre$ f ^! conditions2 = x is ask+ t we may p]=m our duty1 "u circum/ances :i* %all r5d] all duty impossible4 ,i pursu$ ?is subject at "s l5g?1 & rem9d$ him t ! suppos$ law ( our religi\s condition 0 ?r\gh\t 9 analogy ) t ( ! entire condition ( our pres5t life1 & 9 con=mity ) 8 own rule ( ! probable2 t x is probable evid5ce only t is giv5 to man 9 ei!r case1 & probable evid5ce1 z ,bi%op ,butl] says1 (t5 ( ev5 wret*$ly insuffici5t "*4 ,nature1 or r ,god himself1 ev]y:]e cries al\d to u1 ,o mortals6 c]ta9ty1 demon/ration1 infallibility1 are n = y1 & %all n be giv5 to y2 = !re mu/ be a sph]e = fai?1 hope1 s9c]ity1 dilig5ce1 pati5ce4 ,& z if to prove to u1 n only t ?is evid5ce is :at we mu/ tru/ to1 b t we safely may1 ,he impels u by /rong necessities ( our l[] nature op]at+ on ! high] 7:i* w\ld o!rwise1 p]haps1 plead = ! sceptic's inaction 9 relation to ?is z well z to ano!r _w7 to play our "p2 if we /& %iv]+ on ! br9k ( action1 necessity plunges u headlong 92 if we fe> to hoi/ ! sail1 ! /r5g? ( ! curr5t ( life snaps our moor+s1 & compels u to drive4 ,i rem9d$ him1 t ! g5]al result also %[s t1 z man mu/1 s he may1 c1 w1 %all1 7& s ?r\gh all ! moods & t5ses ( cont+5cy17 d well2 t fai? 9 t same sort ( evid5ce :i* ! sceptic rejects :5 urg$ 9 behalf ( religion1 prompts ! f>m] to ca/ 9 8 se$1 ?\gh he c comm& no bl9k ( sun%9e1 nor a drop ( ra92 ! m]*ant to commit 8 treasures to ! deep1 ?\gh !y may all g to ! bottom1 & sometimes d2 ! physician to essay ! cure ( 8 pati5t1 ?\gh (t5 half 9 d\bt :e!r 8 rem$y w kill or save4 ,x is1 said ,i1 9 t same fai? t we build1 & plant1 & lay our little plans ea* day2 sometimes com+ to no?+1 b g5]ally1 & accord+ to ! fidelity & manl9ess ) :i* we h conduct$ ourselves1 secur+ m ?an a return = ! moral capital emb>k$2 & ev5 :]e ?is is n ! case1 issu+1 :5 !re h be5 ! qualities :i* w\ld naturally secure success1 a vigor & robu/ness ( "*1 :i*1 l ! rude heal? gl[+ 9 ! wea!r-beat5 m>9]1 :o has buffet$ ) w9d & wave1 are a m preci\s recomp5se ?an success itself4 ,9 ^! examples ,god says to u 9 effect1 ',on su* evid5ce y mu/ & %all act1' & %[s u t we safely may4 ,)\t promis+ u absolute success 9 all our plans1 or absolute tru? 9 ! inve/igation ( evid5ce1 he says1 9 ei!r case1 ',d y\r be/2 be fai?ful to ! light y h1 dilig5t & consci5ti\s 9 y\r inve/igations ( available evid5ce1 great or little1--act fe>lessly on :at appe>s ! tru?1 & leave ! re/ to me4' ,h>r+ton "h ask$ ! "q ,i expect$3--,b suppose diff]5t m5 com+ 7z !y d7 on religi\s subjects to diff]5t conclusions1 aft] ! dilig5ce & fidelity ( :i* y speak1 :at !n8 ,!n1 if ! fidelity & dilig5ce h be5 absolute1--if all has be5 done :i*1 "u ! circum/ances1 c\ld be done1--,i d\bt n !y are blameless4 ,b ,i fe> !re are v few :o c absolutely say ?is2 & = ^? :o _c say x at all1 _! guilt is proportionate to ! dem&s :i* ! mom5t\s nature ( ! subject made on dilig5ce & fidelity4 ,i suppose said he1 ) "s hesitation1 y w n all[ t ,i h ex]cis$ ?is imp>tial se>*2 & yet1 suppos+ t ,i h1 w y n hold me blameless on ! v pr9ciples n[ laid d[n8 ,x 0 a pa9ful "q2 b ,i 0 resolv$ ,i w\ld h no?+ to reproa* myself )2 & !re=e answ]$ /eadily1 t x 0 n = me to judge ! degree ( blame :i* atta*$ to 8 pres5t /ate ( m9d1 :i* ,i tru/$ 0 only transi5t2 t ! argum5t f s9c]ity 0 itself only "o ( ! probable ?+s ( :i* we _h be5 speak+2 t1 s subtle are ! op]ations ( ! human m9d1 s my/]i\s ! play ( ! passions & affections1 ! reason & consci5ce1 s intimate ! connection among/ all our p[]s & faculties1 t x is "o ( ! mo/ difficult ?+s to be able to say1 ) tru?1 t we are p]fectly s9c]e2 t ,i did n see any difficulty 9 believ+ t !re is _m a man :o1 )\t hesitation & )\t any consci\s hypocrisy1 w\ld av[ 8 s9c]ity1 :o1 ^u be+ suff]$ to look into 8 own m9d ?r\gh a moral sol> microscope1 w\ld see !re all sorts ( mis%ap5 mon/]s1 & turn away f ! spectacle ) disgu/ & horror2 t su* a microscope 7to speak 9 figure7 might "o day be appli$ by t ,p[] to :om only ! human he>t is fully kn[n4 ,i add$1 h[ev]1 t1 if ,i knew m ( 8 m5tal hi/ory = "s ye>s pa/1 7into :i* my affection-%\ld nev] induce me imp]t95tly to pry17 ,i might1 p]haps1 9 "s measure1 acc\nt = 8 scepticism2 t ,i c\ld ev5 conceive cases ( m9ds s encompass$ ) infirmity1 or s dep5d5t on /ates ( heal?1 z to r5d] su* a /ate involunt>y1 & !re=e to take !m out ( ! sph]e ( our argum5t4 ,b1 ap>t f "s su* causes1 ,i pla9ly told him ,i c\ld n p]mit myself to believe t religi\s scepticism c\ld be free f heavy blame1 if only on ! gr\nd t su* z feel x d n act consi/5tly ) its maxims 9 o!r cases1 :]e ! evid5ce is ( ! same dubi\s nature1 or r is mu* m dubi\s4 ,! p>allel case w\ld be1 7if we c\ld f9d x17 ( a man ^: int]e/ urg5tly requir$ him to act "o way or ! o!r1 & :o1 in/ead ( act+ accord+ly1 sat d[n 9 absolute inaction1 on ! score t he did n "k :at c\rse to pursue4 ,t indecision w\ld be always blamable4 ,ah6 said ,i1 ^? cool heads & skilful h&s :i* pilot ! little b>k ( _! worldly =tunes amid/ su* dang]\s rocks & break]s1 "u su* d>k & /ormy skies1 :at c !y say1 if ask$ :y !y gave up all ?\ght ( religion on ! score ( d\bt1 :5 its hopes are at lea/ z high z ^? ( ! s*emes ( e>?ly success1 & its claims at lea/ z /rong z ^? ( pres5t duty8 ,:at w !y be able to say8 ,o ,h>r+ton6 ,i cont9u$1 9 "s su* words z ^!1 suppos+ ! draught ( our pres5t condition n to be su* z ,i h sket*$2 t ! sceptical view ( ! gloom 9 :i* we are plac$ is ! true "o1 & t ! ,*ri/ian's is false2 :i*1 nev]!less1 is likely to be n m]ely ! happi]1 b ! nobl] be+1--he :o sits d[n 9 qu]ul\s rep9+ or slo?ful inactivity1 z ! result ( d\bt1 or he :o1 buoyant ) fai? & hope1 enc\nt]s ! gloom1 &1 :ile long+ = ! dawn1 is confid5t t x w come8 ,b if t sket* be a true "o1--if ! trial ( :i* ,i h spok5 be necess>y = y & = all1 to develop & discipl9e ^? qualities :i* alone w elicit & mature an ,immortal ,virtue1 & secure to u at la/ ! privilege ( indefectible '*ildr5 ( ,god1'--!n ) :at feel+s w y he> ! ,great ,ma/] say1 ',9 e o!r case b ?is1 y act$ on ! pr9ciples & maxims by :i* ,i taught y 7n obscurely7 t ,i summon$ y to act 9 ?is case also3 d\bts & difficulties 7 necess>y to y z to all1 & ,i exact$ ( y no m ?an 7 necess>y ultimately to secure = y an et]nal exemption f !m4 ,b because y c\ld n h t c]ta9ty :i* ! v necessity ( ! case exclud$1 y decl9$ ! trial1 & h acc\nt$ y\rself unwor?y ( et]nal life6' ,ah6 h[ diff]5t if y c\ld he> him say1 ',x 0 inde$ a temptation2 amid/ numb]less bless+s d5i$ to o!rs1 ,i yet gave y1 too1 y\r trial2--! que/ionable tal5t ( an inquisitive intellect1 & leisure to use or abuse x4 ,tempt$ to absolute d\bt1 y w\ld n succumb to x2 y w\ld n be s inconsi/5t "h z to rel9qui% ^? maxims on :i* ,i compell$ y to act 9 e o!r case 9 life1 nor d5y to ,,me ! confid5ce :i* y grant$ to e common fri5d6 ,w>n$ by ! v mis]y :i* 0 s5t to caution y t 9 t direction lay dea?1 y /ruggl$ aga9/ ! incursions ( y\r subtle foes1 & y ov]came4 ,welcome1 *ild ( clay6 welcome to t _w 9 :i* !re is no m ,,night6' ,we _h be5 talk+ on till long pa/ midnight2 & ! lamp sudd5ly w>n$ u t its light 0 j expir+4 ,h>r+ton took (f ! %ade1 & 0 ab\t to light a c&le by ! dy+ flame1 :5 x w5t out4 ,x matt]s n1 he said1 ,i h ! means ( k9dl+ a light close at h&4 ,let x alone1 said ,i1 ris+1 & g5tly lay+ my h& on 8 arm1 & speak+ 9 a l[ voice1 b ) mu* e>ne/ness2 ?is d>kness is an emblem ( our pres5t life4 ,y _c see me1 b y he> my voice & feel ! t\* ( my h&4 ,= any ?+ y "k1 ,i may be seiz$ ) a sudd5 fit ( insanity4 ,i may be ab\t to /ab y 9 ?is d>kness2 su* ?+s h be54 ,y h lo/1 ) ! light1 m ?an half ! indications ( affection :i* t w\ld disclose4 ,b y tru/ to ! probable2 y\r pulse does n beat any ! quick]1 nor d y\r n]ves tremble4 ,y may h simil>1 nay1 h[ mu* /rong] pro(s 7if y w7 ( ! confid5ce ) :i* y may tru/ ,god1 & ,him1 ! compassionate ,"o1 :om he ha? s5t1 9 spite ( all ! gloom 9 :i* ?is life is involv$4 ,t c]ta9ty = :i* y h j n[ ask$ w only be grant$ :5 ! d>kness is pass$ away2 & !n y w 'rejoice 9 ! light ( 8 c\nt5ance4' ,&1 fur!r1 ,i cont9u$1 !re is yet "o ?+ :i* ,i wi% to say to y2 & ,i feel z if ,i c\ld say x bett] 9 ?is d>kness2 = ,i w n v5ture to say t ,i %\ld n manife/ m feel+ ?an is consi/5t 9 a h>d-he>t$ metaphysician4 ,yes6 x is on ! side ( feel+ t ,i w\ld also address y4 ,y w say1 feel+ is n argum5t8 ,no2 b is man all reason8 ,i firmly believe1 inde$1 t man is n call$ ^u to d any ?+ = :i* 8 reason does n tell him t he has suffici5t evid5ce2 b a "p ( t v evid5ce is (t5 ! dictate ( feel+2 & g5u9e reason w li/5 to ! he>t1 z n always1 nor p]haps m frequ5tly ?an o!rwise1 a suspici\s plead]4 ,if1 z ,pascal says s truly1 x sometimes has its reasons :i* ! reason _c compreh5d1 x has also its reasons :i* ! reason ?or\ghly und]/&s4 ,y 7 e>ly an orphan2 y d n rememb] y\r "m2 b ,i d2 ah1 h[ well6 ,i saw h] ! la/ "t %e ev] saw y4 ,y 7 br\ght to h] b$side :5 %e 0 9 ! full possession ( all h] faculties1 & deeply consci\s t %e _h n _m h\rs to live4 ,%e look$ at y z y 7 held 9 y\r nurse's arms1 smil+ ^u h] ) to me an agoniz+ unconsci\sness ( y\r approa*+ orphanage4 ,%e gaz$ ^u y ) t int5se look ( inexpressible affection :i* only mat]nal love1 %>p5$ by dea?1 c give2 %e look$ long & e>ne/ly1 b spoke n "o syllable4 ,z y 7 at l5g? tak5 f ! room1 %e foll[$ y ) h] eyes till ! door clos$1 & !n x seem$ z if ! light ( ?is _w _h be5 qu5*$ 9 !m = ev]4 ',i *>ge y1' %e said at l5g?1 'let me see him aga94' ,i made a motion z if to recall ! att5dant ',n "h1' %e add$1 lay+ h] h& g5tly on my arm1 & ,i und]/ood h] b too well4 ,y "k :e!r ,i h 9 any degree fulfill$ my tru/4 ,b is x possible t ,i c ?9k ( an utt] failure1 & n be m ?an tr\bl$8 ,& if ,*ri/ianity be true1 & if ,i am s happy z to obta9 admission to t 'bless$ c\ntry into :i* an enemy nev] ent]$1 & f :i* a fri5d nev] w5t away1' & %e :om ,i lov$ s well %\ld ask me :y y come n1--t %e _h t>ri$ = y long1--mu/ ,i say t y w nev] come8 t h] *ild _h w&]$ f ! fold ( ! ,good ,%eph]d1 & _h gone ,i knew n :i!r8 t ,i s\ght him 9 ! lonely gl5s & m\nta9s1 b f\nd him n8 ,i h>dly "k1 b ,i almo/ ?9k--su* 0 ! love %e _h = y--t su* reply w\ld %ade t radiant face ev5 amid/ ! glories ( ,p>adise4 ,& n[--let all ?is be a dream--suppose t n simply by y\r own fault y w nev] see t "m m1 b t f ! sad tru? ( y\r no tru?--y nev] c2 t ! ',vale1 vale1 9 aet]num1 vale1' is all t y c say to h]3 yet ,i say ?is1--t to live only 9 ! hope ( ! possibility ( fulfill+ ! bett] wi%es ( su* a fri5d1 & rejo9+ h] = ev] 9 7if y w7 ! fabul\s 'isl&s ( ! ble/1' w\ld n only make y a happi]1 b ev5 a nobl]1 be+ ?an y\r pres5t mood c ev] make y4 ,my ,,fabul\s is bett] ?an y\r ,,true4 ,i felt t he 0 n unmov$4 ,i 0 myself mov$ too mu* to all[ me to /ay any long]1 & say+ t ,i c\ld f9d my way v well to my *amb] 9 ! d>k1 :]e ,i _h ! means ( k9dl+ a light1 ,i s(tly clos$ ! door & left him4 ,z ,i 0 to leave v e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ,i _h told ,h>r+ton t ,i %\ld dep>t = ! neighbor+ t[n 7:i!r 8 s]vant 0 to drive me7 )\t di/urb+ him4 ,b ,i c\ld n te> myself away1 aft] ! s+ul> close ( our int]view on ! la/ ev5+1 )\t a m express f>ewell4 ,i tapp$ at 8 *amb] door1 b1 receiv+ no reply1 g5tly ent]$4 ,he 0 re/+ 9 unquiet slumb]4 ,a table1 lamp1 & books1 by 8 b$side1 bore witness to 8 p]sev]ance 9 t p]nici\s habit :i* he _h e>ly =m$6 ,i g5tly drew back "o ( ! curta9s1 & let 9 ! light ( ! summ] morn+ on 8 pallid1 b mo/ speak+ features1 & gaz$ on !m ) a sad & =ebod+ feel+4 ,i recall$ ^? days :5 ,i us$ nightly to visit ! slumb]s ( ! little orphan1 & trace 9 8 features ! image ( 8 "m4 ,he 0 n ar\s$ by my entrance2 mo/ likely he _h sunk to slumb] at a late h\r4 ,pres5tly he began to talk 9 8 sleep1 :i* 0 almo/ a con/ant habit 9 8 y\ng] days1 & :i* ,i us$ to consid] "o ( ! symptoms ( t int5se c]ebral activity by :i* he 0 di/+ui%$4 ,on ! pres5t occasion ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld int]pret ! fitful & fleet+ images :i* 7 *as+ ea* o!r by ! laws ( association ?r\gh 8 m9d4 ,b h[ %all ,i "k t ^! ?+ :i* ,i call real1 are diff]5t f ! ph5om5a ( sleep :i* ,i call real8 ,alas6 ?\ght ,i1 ! rul+ passion is /rong 9 sleep1 z 9 wak+ mom5ts6 ,h[ ,i dread le/ x %\ld be /rong 9 dea? itself1 ( :i* ?is sleep is ! image6 ,aft] a pause1 an expression ( deepe/ sadness crept ov] ! features1 & he murmur$1 ) a slight alt]ation1 two l9es f ,col]idge's translation ( t glori\s sc5e 9 :i* ,wall5/e9 looks =? into ! w9dy night 9 se>* ( 8 />1 & ?9ks ( t bright] light ( 8 life :i* _h be5 j ext+ui%$4 ,h>r+ton us$ to say1 t he pref]r$ ! translation ( t sc5e ev5 to ! magnific5t orig9al itself4 ,^! l9es1 7n[ a little v>i$17 ,i _h (t5 he>d him quote ) delight3-- ,me?9ks ,if ,i b saw h]1 't w\ld be well ) me2 ,%e 0 ! /> ( my nativity4 ,0 he1 by ! magic ( dream-l&1 transport$ back to *ildhood8 ,0 he z an orphan *ild ?9k+ ( 8 "m1 ! image ( ^: dy+ h\rs ,i _h s rec5tly call$ up be=e him8 ,or 0 x ! recollection ( a /ill bright] & m rec5tly ext+ui%$ />1 :i* ?us tr\bl$ 8 w&]+ fancy8--,!re 0 ano!r pause1 & aga9 ! fitful breeze ( association awak5$ ! sad & pla9tive melody ( ! ,a,eolian lyre2 b ,i c\ld n di/+ui% ! words4 ,pres5tly ! sc5e aga9 *ang$2 & he sudd5ly said1 ,beautiful %ad[6 if ?\ art a %ad[1--?\ ha/ said1 ,come to me all ye t are we>y1--& surely if ev] man 0 we>y--,to :om c ,i g-- ,x 0 ) int5se feel+ t ,i wat*$ = some?+ m2 b to my disappo9tm5t1 7,i may almo/ call x angui%17 he cont9u$ sil5t4 ,i c\ld n f9d x 9 my he>t to r\se him1 &1 s(tly leav+ ! *amb]1 dep>t$ = home4 ,octob] #ca4 ,! "y ,sceptic has s9ce gone :]e d\bts are solv$ = ev]2 b ,i am n )\t hope1 t 9 8 la/ h\rs he 0 able to f9i% ! s5t5ce :i* 8 dream-left incomplete4 ,to :om c ,i g1 b unto ,!e8 ,,?\ ,,only ,,ha/ ,,! ,,words ,,( ,,et]nal ,,life4 ,= me1 ,i h no?+ m to live = "h4 ,9 a few weeks ,i gladly g to jo9 my bro!r 9 8 di/ant exile2--& = ,!e1 my ,c\ntry1 ,peace be )9 ?y dwell+s1 & prosp]ity )9 ?y palaces6 ,& t x may be s1 may t ,*ri/ianity1 :i*1 all imp]fectly z x has be5 exemplifi$1 has yet be5 ?y ,palladium & ?y ,glory1 be ev] & increas+ly de> to !e6 ,decemb] #bg4 ,i h resolv$ t ! fragm5ts :i* orig9ally con/itut$ ?is j\rnal %all n be de/roy$4 ,i h employ$ ! int]val s9ce ! la/ date 9 adapt+ & disguis+ !m = publication4 ,h[ f> an embroid]y ( fiction has be5 necess>y 9 atta9+ ?is object1 is a matt] ( no consequ5ce to any "o2 s9ce ! book aspires to none ( ! appropriate attractions ( ei!r a novel or a hi/ory4 ,no d\bt a mu* /rong] int]e/1 ( a c]ta9 k9d1 might h be5 secur$ by a free employm5t ( fictiti\s embelli%m5t1 or ev5 by a m lib]al indulg5ce 9 biographical details4 ,b ,i h be5 cont5t1 = a special object1 to d :at "s tell u is to be done ) ! ,bible1--to sep>ate1 f ! mass ( incid5t :i* might h v>i$ or adorn$ ! n>rative ! exclusively ,religi\s ,elem5t4 ,if ! discussions 9 ! prec$+ pages %all 9 any in/ance conv9ce ! y\?ful read] ( ! prec>i\s nature ( ^? mod]n book-revelations :i* are some:at inconsi/5tly giv5 u 9 books :i* tell u t all book-revelations ( religi\s tru? are sup]flu\s or ev5 impossible2 if !y %all conv9ce him h[ easily an imp>tial d\bt] c retort ) int]e/ ! dei/ical argum5ts aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 or h[ little m]ely insoluble objections c avail aga9/ any ?+2 if !y %all conv9ce him t ! diff]5ces ) :i* ! assailants ( ! ,bible taunt its advocates are nei!r s num]\s nor half s appall+ z ^? :i* divide its enemies2 or1 la/ly1 if !y %all1 p> av>ice1 9 any degree protect ^? :o1 l ,h>r+ton ,d----1 are be+ made1 or are 9 dang] ( be+ made1 sceptical z to all religi\s tru?1 by ! religi\s di/ractions ( ! pres5t day1--,i %all be well cont5t to be> ! *>ge ( hav+ spoil$ a ,fiction1 or ev5 ( hav+ mutilat$ a ,biography4 ,f4,b4 ,,! ,,end4