,?is etext 0 creat$ by ,gregory ,walk]1 9 ,au/91 ,texas1 = ! ,digital ,dagu]reian ,ar*ive ,project--electronic texts f ! dawn ( photography4 ,int]net3 gwalk]netcom4com ,compu,serve3 #gcegg1fgg ,! location ( ! illu/rations 9 ! text are m>k$ by hipho4gif on a sep>ate l9e4 ,i hope ?is etext inspires a wid] int]e/ 9 ! orig9s ( photography & 9 ! mod]n practice ( ! ,dagu]reian ,art4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,photography2 ,,or ,,! ,,production ,,( ,,pictures ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,ag5cy ,,( ,,light4 ,,conta9+ ,,all ,,! ,,in/ructions ,,necess>y ,,= ,,! ,,complete ,,practice ,,( ,,! ,,dagu]rean ,,& ,,photog5ic ,,art1 ,,bo? ,,on ,,metallic ,,plates ,,& ,,on ,,pap]4 ,by ,,h5ry ,h4 ,,snell+4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,wood ,,cuts4 ,new ,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam1 #aee ,broadway1 #ahdi4 ,ent]$ accord+ to act ( ,congress 9 ! ye> #ahdi1 by ,h4 ,h4 ,snell+1 9 ! ,cl]k's (fice1 ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,new ,york3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,bu/e$ ,mc,c,o,y1 #afc ,fulton ,/reet4 ,,to ,,edw>d ,,an?ony1 ,,esq41 ,,an ,,e/eem$ ,,fri5d4 ,^: g5tlemanly deportm5t1 lib]al feel+s1 & /rict integrity h secur$ him a l>ge circle ( fri5ds1 ?is "w is ,respectfully ,d$icat$ ,by ! ,,au?or4 ,,preface4 ,! object ( ?is little "w is to fill a void mu* compla9$ ( by ,dagu]reotypi/s--p>ticul>ly "y beg9n]s4 ,! au?or has wait$ a long "t 9 hopes t "s m able p5 w\ld be devot$ to ! subject1 b ! wants ( ! num]\s1 & con/antly increas+1 class1 j m5tion$1 induces him to wait no long]4 ,all ! ,engli% works on ! subject--p>ticul>ly on ! practical application1 ( ,photog5ic draw+--are defici5t 9 _m m9ute details1 :i* are ess5tial to a complete und]/&+ ( ! art4 ,_m ( _! me?ods ( op]at+ are entirely diff]5t f1 & mu* inf]ior to1 ^? practis$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 _! app>atus1 also1 _c comp>e ) ours = complet5ess1 utility or simplicity4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 conf9e myself pr9cipally--s f> z ,photog5ic draw+ ^u metalic plates is conc]n$--to ! me?ods practis$ by ! mo/ celebrat$ & exp]i5c$ op]ators1 draw+ ^u ,fr5* & ,engli% au?ority only 9 cases :]e ,i f9d x ess5tial to ! purpose = :i* ,i design my "w1 namely3 furni%+ a complete sy/em ( ,photography2 su* an "o z w enable any g5tleman1 or lady1 :o may wi% to practise ! art1 = pr(it or amusem5t1 to d s )\t ! tr\ble & exp5se ( seek+ in/ruction f pr(essors1 :i* 9 _m cases )9 my own k has prev5t$ p]sons f embrac+ ! pr(ession4 ,to ,engli% au?ors ,i am pr9cipally indebt$ = t portion ( my "w relat+ to ,photog5ic draw+ on pap]4 ,to !m we owe ne>ly all ! mo/ important improvem5ts 9 t bran* ( ! art4 ,besides1 x has be5 b seldom attempt$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !n )\t any decid$ success4 ,( ^! attempts ,i %all speak fur!r 9 ! ,hi/orical portion ( ?is volume4 ,e ?+ ess5tial1 !re=e1 to a complete k ( ! :ole art1 compris+ all ! mo/ rec5t discov]ies & improvem5ts d[n to ! day ( publication w be f\nd h]e9 laid d[n4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,a ,,brief ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,art4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,on ,,light4--,,! ,,photographic ,,pr9ciple ,,iii4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,mr4 ,,hunt',s ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,! ,,sol> ,,rays ,,on ,,comp\nd ,,bodies1 ,,) ,,especial ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,_! ,,photographic ,,application4 ,,iv4 ,a ,,few ,,h9ts ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,dagu]reotypi/s4 ,v4 ,,dagu]reotype ,,app>atus4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,dagu]reotype ,,process4 ,,vii4 ,,pap] ,,dagu]reotypes4--,,et*+ ,,dagu]reotypes4 ,,viii4 ,,photog5ic ,,draw+ ,,on ,,pap]4 ,,ix4 ,,calotype ,,& ,,*rysotype4 ,x4 ,,cyanotype--,,en]giatype--,,*romatype-- ,,an?otype--,,amphitype ,,& ,,crayon ,,dagu]reotype4 ,,xi4 ,,on ,,! ,,probability ,,( ,,produc+ ,,color$ ,,pictures ,,by ,,! ,,sol> ,,radiations--,,photographic ,,deviations--,,lun> ,,pictures--,,drummond ,,light4 ,,xii4 ,,on ,,color+ ,,dagu]reotypes4 ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,photographomet]4 ,,index4 ,,introduction ,new ,york1 ,janu>y #bg1 #ahdi4 ,e4 ,,an?ony1 ,,esq4 ,de> ,sir1--,9 submitt+ ! accompany+ ,hi/ory & ,practice ( ,photography to y\r p]usal1 & = y\r approbation1 ,i d s ) ! utmo/ confid5ce 9 y\r ability z a practical man1 long engag$ 9 ! sci5ce ( :i* x treats1 z well z y\r k ( ! sci5ces g5]ally2 z well z y\r reg>d = c&or4 ,to y1 !re=e1 ,i leave ! decision :e!r or no ,i h accompli%$ my purpose1 & produc$ a "w :i* may n only be ( practical b5efit to ! ,dagu]rean arti/1 b ( g5]al int]e/ to ! read+ public1 & y\r decision w influ5ce me 9 (f]+ x =1 or )hold+ x f1 publication4 ,if x meets y\r approbation1 ,i w\ld mo/ respectfully ask p]mission to d$icate x to y1 subscrib+ myself1 ,) e/eem1 ,ev] truly y\rs1 ,,h5ry ,h4 ,,snell+ ,new ,york1 ,febru>y #a/1 #ahdi4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,,snell+4 ,de> ,sir--,y\r note ( ,janu>y #bg?1 reque/+ p]mission to d$icate to me y\r ,hi/ory & ,practice ( ,photography1 ,i e/eem a high complim5t1 p>ticul>ly s9ce ,i h read ! manuscript ( y\r "w4 ,su* a treatise has long be5 ne$$1 & ! mann] 9 :i* y h h&l$ ! subject w make ! book z int]e/+ to ! read+ public z x is valuable to ! ,dagu]rean arti/1 or ! amateur dabbl] 9 ,photography4 ,i h read ne>ly all ( ! _m works ^u ?is art t h emanat$ f ! ,london & ,p>is presses1 & ,i ?9k ! read] w f9d 9 y\rs ! pi? ( !m all1 ) mu* practical & useful in=mation t ,i d n rememb] to h se5 communicat$ else:]e4 ,!re is mu* 9 x to ar\se ! reflective & inv5tive faculties ( our ,dagu]reotypi/s4 ,!y h h]et(ore /umbl$ along ) v little k ( ! true !ory ( _! art1 & yet ! quality ( _! productions is f> 9 advance ( ^? ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% arti/s1 mo/ ( ^: e/abli%m5ts ,i h _h ! pleasure ( visit+ ,i feel !re=e1 t :5 a suffici5t am\nt ( !oretic k %all h be5 add$ to ?is practical skill on ! "p ( our op]ators1 & :5 !y %all h be5 made fully acqua9t$ ) :at has be5 atta9$ or attempt$ by o!rs1 a /ill great] advance 9 ! art w be manife/$4 ,a ,,good ,dagu]reotypi/ is by no means a m]e ma*9e foll[+ a c]ta9 set ( fix$ rules4 ,success 9 ?is art requires p]sonal skill & arti/ic ta/e to a mu* great] degree ?an ! un?9k+ public g5]ally imag9e2 9 fact m ?an is imag9$ by n9e-t5?s ( ! ,dagu]reotypi/s !mselves4 ,& we see z a natural result1 t :ile ! bus9ess numb]s its ?\s&s ( vot>ies1 b few rise to any degree ( em95ce4 ,x is because !y look ^u _! bus9ess z a m]e me*anical op]ation1 & hav+ no aim or pride beyond ! e>n+ ( _! daily bread1 !y calculate :at w be a fair p] c5tage on ! co/ ( _! plate1 case1 & *emicals1 leav+ ,,m9d1 :i* is z mu* ,,capital z any?+ else 7:]e x is ex]cis$17 entirely out ( ! "q4 ,! art ( tak+ photographs on ,,pap]1 ( :i* y\r "w treats at consid]able l5g?1 has z yet attract$ b little att5tion 9 ?is c\ntry1 ?\gh de/9$1 z ,i fully believe1 to atta9 an importance f> sup]ior to t to :i* ! ,dagu]reotype has ris54 ,! ,am]ican m9d ne$s a wak+ up ^u ! subject1 & ,i ?9k y\r book w give a p[]ful impulse 9 ?is direction4 ,9 ,g]many a high degree ( p]fection has be5 rea*$1 & ,i hope y\r c\ntrym5 w n be sl[ to foll[4 ,y\r int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,wattles 0 entirely new to me1 & is ano!r among ! _m evid5ces t :5 ! age is fully ripe = any great discov]y1 x is r>e t x does n occur to m ?an a s+le m9d4 ,tru/+ t y\r "w w meet ) ! enc\ragem5t :i* y\r tr\ble 9 prep>+ x des]ves1 & ) gratitude = ! undes]v$ complim5t paid to me 9 its d$ication1 ,i rema91 v s9c]ely1 ,y\r fri5d & well wi%]1 ,e4 ,,an?ony4 ,,photography4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,a ,,brief ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,art4 ,z 9 all cases ( great & valuable inv5tions 9 sci5ce & art ! ,engli% lay claim to ! honor ( hav+ fir/ discov]$ t ( ,photog5ic draw+4 ,b we %all see 9 ! progress ( ?is hi/ory1 t l _m o!r assumptions ( _! au?ors1 priority 9 ?is is no m due !m1 !n ! inv5tion ( /eamboats1 or ! cotton g94 ,?is claim is f\nd$ ^u ! fact t 9 #ahjb ,mr4 ,w$gwood record$ an exp]im5t 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ! foll[+ nature4 ,a piece ( pap]1 or o!r conv5i5t mat]ial1 0 plac$ ^u a frame & spong$ ov] ) a solution ( nitrate ( silv]2 x 0 !n plac$ beh9d a pa9t+ on glass & ! light trav]s+ ! pa9t+ produc$ a k9d ( copy ^u ! prep>$ pap]1 ^? p>ts 9 :i* ! rays 7 lea/ int]cept$ be+ ( ! d>ke/ hues4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 t]m9at$ ! exp]im5t2 = al?\gh bo? ,mr4 ,w$gwood & ,sir ,humphry ,davey exp]im5t$ c>efully1 = ! purpose ( endeavor+ to fix ! draw+s ?us obta9$1 yet ! object c\ld n be accompli%$1 & ! :ole end$ 9 failure4 ,?is1 by _! own %[+1 0 ! e>lie/ attempt ( ! ,engli% savans4 ,b ?is mu* ( ! pr9ciple 0 kn[n to ! ,al*emi/s at an e>ly date--al?\gh practically produc$ 9 ano!r way--z ! foll[+ exp]im5t1 to be f\nd 9 old books1 amply proves4 ,dissolve *alk 9 aqua=tis to ! consi/5ce ( milk1 & add to x a /rong solution ( silv]2 keep ?is liquor 9 a glass bottle well /opp$2 !n cutt+ out f a piece ( pap] ! lett]s y w\ld h appe>1 pa/e x on ! decant]1 & lay x 9 ! sun's rays 9 su* a mann] t ! rays may pass ?r\gh ! spaces cut out ( ! pap] & fall on ! surface ( ! liquor ! "p ( ! glass ?r\gh :i* ! rays pass w be turn$ black1 :ile t "u ! pap] rema9s :ite2 b p>ticul> c>e mu/ be obs]v$ t ! bottle be n mov$ dur+ ! op]ation4 ,_h n ! al*emi/s be5 s int5t ^u ! desire to discov] ! f> fam$ philosoph]'s /one1 z to make !m unm9dful ( ! accid5tal dawn+s ( m valuable discov]ies1 ?is little exp]im5t 9 *emi/ry might h induc$ !m to prosecute a m ?or\gh se>* into ! pr9ciple1 & ,photog5ic art w\ld n n[1 z x is1 be a new "o4 ,x is ev5 ass]t$ t ! ,juggl]s ( ,india 7 = _m ages 9 possession ( a secret by :i* !y 7 enabl$1 9 a brief space1 to copy ! lik5ess ( any individual by ! action ( light4 ,?is fact1 if fact x be1 may acc\nt = ! celebrat$ magic mirrors said to be possess$ by ^! juggl]s1 & probable cause ( _! p[] ov] ! p4 ,h[ev]1 z e>ly z #aeef ! fact 0 e/abli%$ t a comb9ation ( *loride & silv]1 call$1 f its appe>ance1 horn silv]1 0 black5$ by ! sun's rays2 & 9 ! latt] "p ( ! la/ c5tury ,mrs4 ,fulhame publi%$ an exp]im5t by :i* a *ange ( color 0 effect$ 9 ! *loride ( gold by ! ag5cy ( light2 & gave x z h] op9ion t words might be writt5 9 ?is way4 ,^! incid5ts are consid]$ z ! fir/ /eps t[>ds ! discov]y ( ! ,photog5ic art4 ,mr4 ,w$gwood's exp]im5ts c sc>cely be said to be any improvem5t on !m s9ce he fail$ to br+ !m to practical usefulness1 & 8 c\ntrym5 w h to be satisfi$ ) aw>d+ ! honor ( its complete adaptation to practical purposes1 to ,,mm4 ,niepce & ,dagu]re ( ,france1 & to ,pr(essors ,drap]1 & ,morse ( ,new-,york4 ,^! g5tlem5--,,mm4 ,niepce & ,dagu]re--pursu$ ! subject simultane\sly1 )\t ei!r1 h[ev] be+ aw>e ( ! exp]im5ts ( 8 colleague 9 sci5ce4 ,= sev]al ye>s1 ea* pursu$ 8 rese>*es individually until *ance made !m acqua9t$1 :5 !y ent]$ into co-p>tn]%ip1 & conjo9tly br\ght ! art almo/ to p]fection4 ,m4 ,niepce pres5t$ 8 fir/ pap] on ! subject to ! ,royal ,society 9 #ahbg1 nam+ 8 discov]y ,heliography4 ,:at l$ him to ! /udy ( ! pr9ciples ( ! art ,i h no means1 at pres5t1 ( kn[+1 b x 0 probably ow+ to ! facts record$ by ! ,al*emi/s1 ,mrs4 ,fulhame & o!rs1 already m5tion$4 ,b ,m4 ,dagu]re1 :o is a celebrat$ dioramic pa9t]1 be+ desir\s ( employ+ "s ( ! s+ul>ly *angeable salts ( silv] to produce a peculi> class ( effects 9 8 pa9t+s1 0 l$ to pursue an inve/igation :i* result$ 9 ! discov]y ( ! ,dagu]reotype1 or ,photog5ic draw+ on plates ( copp] coat$ ) silv]4 ,to ?is g5tleman--to 8 lib]ality--are we ,am]icans indebt$ = ! free use ( 8 inv5tion2 & ! l>ge & increas+ class ( ,dagu]rean arti/s ( ?is c\ntry %\ld hold him 9 ! mo/ pr(\nd respect = x4 ,he 0 n will+ t x %\ld be conf9$ to a few individuals :o might monopolise ! b5efits to be d]iv$ f its practice1 & %ut out all *ance ( improvem5t4 ,l a true1 noble he>t$ ,fr5* g5tleman he desir$ t 8 inv5tion %\ld spread freely ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4 ,) ^! views he op5$ negociations ) ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t :i* 7 conclud$ mo/ favorably to bo? ! inv5tors1 & ,france has ! glory ( end[+ ! :ole _w ( sci5ce & art ) "o ( ! mo/ surpris+ discov]ies t honor ! l&4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 x has be5 pat5t$ 9 ,engl& & ! result is :at might h be5 expect$3 ,engli% pictures are f> bel[ ! /&>d ( excell5ce ( ^? tak5 by ,am]ican arti/s4 ,i h se5 "s m$ium portraits1 = :i* a gu9ea ea* _h be5 paid1 & tak5 too1 by a celebrat$ arti/1 t our poore/ ,dagu]reotypi/s w\ld be a%am$ to %[ to a second p]son1 mu* less suff] to leave _! rooms4 ,,calotype1 ! "n giv5 to "o ( ! me?ods ( ,photog5ic draw+ on pap]1 discov]$1 & p]fect$ by ,mr4 ,fox ,talbot ( ,engl&1 is precisely 9 ! same pr$icam5t1 n only 9 t c\ntry b 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,mr4 ,talbot be+ pat5tee 9 bo?4 ,he is a man ( "s weal?1 ,i believe1 b he dem&s s high a price = a s+le "r 9 ?is c\ntry1 t none c be f\nd :o h ! tem]ity to pur*ase4 ,! execution ( 8 pictures is also inf]ior to ^? tak5 by ! ,g]man arti/s1 & ,i w\ld rem>k en passant1 t ! ,messrs4 ,mead exhibit$ at ! la/ fair ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute1 7( #ahdh17 f\r ,calotypes1 :i* "o ( ! firm br\ght f ,g]many la/ ,spr+1 t = beauty1 dep? ( tone & excell5ce ( execution surpass ! f9e/ /eel engrav+4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,talbot's pat5t = ! ,unit$ ,/ates expires & our +5i\s ,yankee boys h ! opportunity1 ,i h n ! slighte/ d\bt ( ! ,calotype1 9 _! h&s1 entirely sup]c$+ ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,let !m1 !re=e1 /udy ! pr9ciples ( ! art z laid d[n 9 ?is little "w1 exp]im5t1 practice & p]fect !mselves 9 x1 & :5 t "t does arrive be prep>$ to produce t degree ( excell5ce 9 ,calotype !y h already obta9$ 9 ,dagu]reotype4 ,x is to ,pr(essor ,samuel ,f4 ,b4 ,morse1 ! di/+ui%$ inv5tor ( ! ,magnetic ,telegraph1 ( ,new ,york1 t we are indebt$ = ! application ( ,photography1 to portrait tak+4 ,he 0 9 ,p>is1 = ! purpose ( pres5t+ to ! sci5tific _w 8 ,electro-,magnetic ,telegraph1 at ! "t1 7#ahch17 ,m4 ,dagu]re ann\nc$ 8 spl5did discov]y1 & its a/\nd+ results hav+ an important be>+ on ! arts ( design arre/$ 8 att5tion4 ,9 8 lett] to me on ! subject1 ! ,pr(essor gives ! foll[+ int]e/+ facts4 ,! process 0 a secret1 & negociations 7 !n 9 progress1 = ! disclosure ( x to ! public betwe5 ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t & ! di/+ui%$ discov]]4 ,m4 ,dagu]re _h %[n 8 results to ! k+1 & to a few only ( ! di/+ui%$ savans1 & by ! advice ( ,m4 ,arago1 _h det]m9$ to wait ! action ( ! ,fr5* ,*amb]s1 be=e %[+ !m to any o!r p]sons4 ,i 0 exce$+ly desir\s ( see+ !m1 b knew n h[ to approa* ,m4 ,dagu]re :o 0 a /rang] to me4 ,on m5tion+ my desire to ,rob]t ,wal%1 ,esq41 our wor?y ,consul1 he said to me2 '/ate t y are an ,am]ican1 ! inv5tor ( ! ,telegraph1 reque/ to see !m1 & invite him 9 turn to see ! ,telegraph1 & ,i "k en\gh ( ! urbanity & lib]al feel+s ( ! ,fr5*1 to insure y an invitation4' ,i 0 successfull 9 my application1 & ) a "y fri5d1 s9ce deceas$1 ! promis+ son ( ,edw>d ,delevan1 ,esq41 ,i pass$ a mo/ delightful h\r ) ,m4 ,dagu]re1 & 8 en*ant+ sun-pictures4 ,my lett] conta9+ an acc\nt ( ?is visit1 & ^! pictures1 0 ! fir/ ann\ncem5t 9 ?is c\ntry ( ?is spl5did discov]y4 ,i may "h add ! s+ul> sequel to ?is visit4 ,on ! succe$+ day ,m4 ,dagu]re paid me a visit to see ! ,telegraph & witness its op]ations4 ,he seem$ mu* gratifi$ & rema9$ ) me p]haps two h\rs2 two melan*oly h\rs to him1 z !y aft]w>ds prov$2 or :ile he 0 ) me1 8 build+s1 includ+ 8 diorama1 8 /udio1 8 laboratory1 ) all ! beautiful pictures ,i _h se5 ! day be=e1 7 consum$ by fire4 ,=tunately = mank9d1 matt] only 0 consum$1 ! s\l & m9d ( ! g5ius1 & ! process 7 /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,on 8 return home1 ,pr(essor ,morse wait$ ) impati5ce = ! revelation ( ,m4 ,dagu]re's process1 & no soon] 0 x publi%$ ?an he procur$ a copy ( ! "w conta9+ x1 & at once comm5c$ tak+ ,dagu]reotype pictures4 ,at fir/ 8 object 0 solely to furni% 8 /udio ) /udies f nature2 b 8 exp]im5ts l$ him into a belief ( ! practicability ( procur+ portraits by ! process1 & he 0 und\bt$ly ! fir/ ^: attempts 7 att5d$ ) success4 ,?9k+1 at t "t1 t x 0 necess>y to place ! sitt]s 9 a v /rong light1 !y 7 all tak5 ) _! eyes clos$4 ,o!rs 7 exp]im5t+ at ! same "t1 among !m ,mr4 ,wolcott & ,pr(4 ,drap]1 & ,mr4 ,morse1 ) 8 accu/om$ mode/y1 ?9ks t x w\ld be difficult to say to :om is due ! cr$it ( ! fir/ ,dagu]reotype portrait4 ,at all ev5ts1 s f> z my k s]ves me1 ,pr(essor ,morse des]ves ! laurel wrea?1 z f him orig9at$ ! fir/ ( our inum]able class ( ,dagu]reotypi/s2 & _m ( 8 pupils h c>ri$ ! manipulation to v great p]fection4 ,9 connection ) ?is matt] ,i w give ! conclud+ p>agraph ( a private lett] f ! ,pr(essor to me2 ,he says4 ,if m9e 7 ! fir/1 o!r exp]im5t]s soon made bett] results1 & if !re are any :o dispute t ,i 0 fir/1 ,i %all h no argum5t ) !m2 = ,i 0 n s anxi\s to be ! fir/ to produce ! result1 z to produce x 9 any way4 ,i e/eem x b ! natural c>ry+ out ( ! wond]ful discov]y1 & t ! cr$it 0 aft] all due to ,dagu]re4 ,i lay no claim to any improvem5ts4 ,s9ce ,i comm5c$ ! compilation ( ?is "w1 ,i h _h ! pleasure ( mak+ ! acqua9tance ( an ,am]ican g5tleman--,james ,m4 ,wattles ,esq4--:o z e>ly z #ahbh--;& x w be se51 by :at ,i h already /at$1 t ?is is ab\t ! same date ( ,m4 ,niepce's discov]y--_h 8 att5tion attract$ to ! subject ( ,photography1 or z he t]m$ x ,sol> picture draw+1 :ile tak+ l&scape views by means ( ! cam]a-obscura4 ,:5 we reflect ^u all ! circum/ances connect$ ) 8 exp]im5ts1 ! great disadvantages "u :i* he labor$1 & 8 extreme y\?fullness1 we _c b feel a national pride--yet wond]--t a m]e yankee boy1 surr\nd$ by ! deepe/ =e/s1 hundr$ ( miles f ! popul\s portion ( our c\ntry1 )\t ! necess>y mat]ials1 or res\rces = procur+ !m1 %\ld by ! =ce ( 8 natural g5ius make a discov]y1 & put x 9 practical use1 to accompli% :i*1 ! mo/ le>n$ philosoph]s ( ,europe1 ) e requisite app>atus1 & a pr(\nd k ( *emi/ry--sp5t ye>s ( toil to accompli%4 ,h[ mu* m lat5t tal5t may n[ be slumb]+ f ! v same cause :i* kept ,mr4 ,wattles f publicly reveal+ 8 discov]ies1 viz2 want ( enc\ragem5t--ridicule6 ,at ! "t :5 ! idea ( tak+ pictures p]man5tly on pap] by means ( ! cam]a-obscura fir/ occurr$ to him1 he 0 b sixte5 ye>s ( age1 & "u ! in/ructions ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,le ,seu]1 7a tal5t$ arti/ f ,p>is7 at ! ,new ,h>mony s*ool1 ,indiana4 ,draw+ & pa9t+ be+ ! natural b5t ( 8 m9d1 he 0 frequ5tly employ$ by ! pr(essors to make l&scape sket*es 9 ! mann] m5tion$4 ,! beauty ( ! image ( ^! l&scapes produc$ on ! pap] 9 ! cam]a-obscura1 caus$ him to pause & admire !m ) all ! ardor ( a "y arti/1 & wi% t by "s means1 he c\ld fix !m !re 9 all _! beauty4 ,f wi%+ he br\ght himself to ?9k t x 0 n only possible b actually capable ( accompli%m5t & f ?9k+ x c\ld1 he resolv$ x %\ld be done4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 :olly ignorant ( ev5 ! fir/ pr9ciples ( *emi/ry1 & natural philosophy1 & all ! k he 0 enabl$ to obta9 f 8 tea*]s 0 ( v little s]vice to him4 ,to add to ?is1 :5ev] he m5tion$ 8 hopes to 8 p>5ts1 !y laugh$ at him1 & bade him att5d to 8 /udies & let su* moon%9e ?\ghts alone--/ill he p]sev]$1 ?\gh secretly1 & he met ) ! success 8 p]sev]ance des]v$4 ,= ! tru? ( 8 /atem5t1 ,mr4 ,wattles ref]s to "s ( our mo/ respectable citiz5s resid+ at ! we/1 & ,i am 9 hopes t ,i %all be enabl$ to receive 9 "t = ?is publication1 a confirmation f "o or m ( ^! g5tlem54 ,be t z x may1 ,i feel confid5t 9 ! integrity ( ,mr4 ,wattles1 & c give 8 /atem5t to ! _w )\t a d\bt ( its tru?4 ,! foll[+ sket* ( 8 exp]im5ts & _! results w1 und\bt$ly1 be int]e/+ to e ,am]ican read] & al?\gh "s ( ! pr(\nd philosoph]s ( ,europe may smile at 8 me?od ( proce$+1 x w 9 "s measure %[ ! innate g5ius ( ,am]ican m9ds1 & prove t we are n f> beh9d our trans-atlantic bre?r5 9 ! arts & sci5ces4 ,mr4 ,wattles says3 ,9 my fir/ ef=ts to effect ! desir$ object1 !y 7 feeble inde$1 & ow+ to my limit$ k ( *emi/ry--:olly acquir$ by que/ion+ my tea*]s--,i met ) repeat$ failures b foll[+ !m up ) a det]m9$ _s1 ,i at la/ produc$1 :at ,i ?\ght v fair samples--b to proce$ to my exp]im5ts4 ,i fir/ dipp$ a qu>t] %eet ( ?9 :ite writ+ pap] 9 a weak solution ( cau/ic 7z ,i !n call$ x7 & dri$ x 9 an empty box1 to keep x 9 ! d>k2 :5 dry1 ,i plac$ x 9 ! cam]a & wat*$ x ) great pati5ce = ne>ly half an h\r1 )\t produc+ any visible result2 evid5tly f ! solution be+ to weak4 ,i !n soak$ ! same piece ( pap] 9 a solution ( common pota%1 & !n aga9 9 cau/ic wat] a little /rong] ?an ! fir/1 & :5 dry plac$ x 9 ! cam]a4 ,9 ab\t =ty-five m9utes ,i pla9ly p]ciev$ ! effect1 9 ! gradual d>k5+ ( v>i\s p>ts ( ! view1 :i* 0 ! old /one =t 9 ! re> ( ! s*ool g>d51 ) ! trees1 f5ce1 c4 ,i !n became conv9c$ ( ! practicability ( produc+ beautiful sol> pictures 9 ?is way2 b1 alas6 my picture vani%$ & ) x1 all--no n all--my hopes4 ,) r5ew$ det]m9ation ,i began aga9 by /udy+ ! nature ( ! prep>ation1 & came to ! conclusion1 t if ,i c\ld de/roy ! "p n act$ ^u by ! light )\t injur+ t :i* 0 s act$ ^u1 ,i c\ld save my pictures4 ,i !n made a /rong solution ( sal4 soda ,i _h 9 ! h\se1 & soak$ my pap] 9 x1 & !n wa%$ x (f 9 hot wat]1 :i* p]fectly fix$ ! view ^u ! pap]4 ,?is pap] 0 v poor ) ?ick spots1 m absorb5t ?an o!r p>ts1 & consequ5tly made d>k %ades 9 ! picture :]e !y %\ld n h be52 b x 0 en\gh to conv9ce me t ,i _h succe$$1 & t at "s future "t1 :5 ,i _h ! means & a m ext5sive k ( *emi/ry1 ,i c\ld apply myself to x aga94 ,i h done s s9ce1 at v>i\s times1 ) p]fect success2 b 9 e in/ance labor+ "u adv]se circum/ances4 ,i h v rec5tly le>n$1 t1 "u ! pres5t pat5t laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 e =eign pat5tee is requir$ to put 8 inv5tion1 or discov]y1 into practical use )9 eighte5 mon?s aft] tak+ out 8 pap]s1 or o!rwise =feit 8 pat5t4 ,) reg>d to ,mr4 ,talbot's ,calotype pat5t1 ?is "t has ne>ly1 if n q expir$1 & my c\ntrym5 are n[ at p]fect lib]ty to appropriate ! art if !y feel dispos$4 ,f ! /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,wattles1 x w be p]ceiv$ t ?is c be done )\t di%onor1 z 9 ! fir/ in/ance ,mr4 ,talbot _h no positive "r to 8 pat5t4 ,photography2 or sun-pa9t+ is divid$1 accord+ to ! me?ods adopt$ = produc+ pictures1 into ,,dagu]reotype1 ,,*romatype1 ,,calotype1 ,,en]giatype1 ,,*rysotype1 ,,an?otype & ,,cyanotype1 ,,amphitype4 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,on ,,light4--,,! ,,photographic ,,pr9ciple ,"s philosoph]s cont5d t to ! exi/5ce ( light alone we owe ! beautiful effects produc$ by ! ,photog5ic art1 :ile o!rs give suffici5t reasons = d\bt+ ! correctness ( ! assumption4 ,t ! results are effect$ by a pr9ciple associat$ ) light & n by ! lum9\s pr9ciple itself1 is ! mo/ probable conclusion4 ,! importance ( a k ( ?is fact becomes mo/ ess5tial 9 practice1 z w pres5tly be se54 ,to ?is pr9ciple ,mr4 ,hunt gives ! "n ( ,,en]gia4 ,,! ,,nature ( ,light is n :olly kn[n1 b x is g5]ally believ$ to be matt]1 z 9 its motions x obeys ! laws regulat+ matt]4 ,s closely is x connect$ ) heat & electricity t !re c be little d\bt ( _! all be+ b diff]5t modifications ( ! same sub/ance4 ,i w n1 h[ev]1 ent] into a /atem5t ( ! v>i\s !ories ( ,philosoph]s on ?is head1 b cont5t myself ) t ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton2 :o suppos$ rays ( light to consi/ ( m9ute p>ticles ( matt]1 :i* are con/antly emanat+ f lum9\s bodies & cause vision1 z odorif]\s p>ticles1 proce$+ f c]ta9 bodies1 cause smell+4 ,! effects ( light ^u o!r bodies1 & h[ light is effect$ by !m1 involve "s ( ! mo/ important pr9ciples1 :i* if prop]ly und]/ood by ,dagu]reotypi/s w\ld enable !m to improve & correct _m ( ! practical op]ations 9 _! art4 ,^! effects we %all exhibit 9 ?is & ! foll[+ *apt]s4 ,be=e we ent] on ?is subject x w be necess>y to become famili> ) ! ,,def9itions ( "s ( ! t]ms us$ 9 ! sci5ce ( optics4 ,lum9\s bodies are ( two k9ds2 ^? :i* %9e by _! own light1 & ^? :i* %9e by reflect$ light4 ,transp>5t bodies are su* z p]mit rays ( light to pass ?r\gh !m4 ,transluc5t bodies p]mit light to pass fa9tly1 b )\t repres5t+ ! figure ( objects se5 ?r\gh !m4 ,opaque bodies p]mit no light to pass ?r\gh !m1 b reflect light4 ,a ray is a l9e ( light4 ,a beam is a collection ( p>allel rays4 ,a p5cil is a collection ( conv]g+1 or div]g+ rays4 ,a m$ium is any space ?r\gh :i* light passes4 ,incid5t rays are ^? :i* fall ^u ! surface ( a body4 ,reflect$ rays are ^? :i* are ?r[n (f f a body4 ,p>allel rays are su* z proce$ equally di/ant f ea* o!r ?r\gh _! :ole c\rse4 ,conv]g+ rays are su* z approa* & t5d to unite at any "o po9t1 z at b4 ,fig4 #c4 ,div]g+ rays are ^? :i* cont9ue to rec$e f ea* o!r1 z at e4 ,fig4 #c4 ,a ,focus is t po9t at :i* conv]g+ rays meet4 ,,motion ,,( ,,light--,rays ( light are ?r[n (f f lum9\s bodies 9 e direction1 b always 9 /raight l9es1 :i* cross ea* o!r at e po9t2 b ! p>ticles ( :i* ea* ray consi/s are s m9ute t ! rays d n appe> to be imp$$ by ea* o!r4 ,a ray ( light pass+ ?r\gh an ap]ture into a d>k room1 proce$s 9 a /raight l9e2 a fact ( :i* any "o may be conv9c$ by go+ into a d>k5$ room & admitt+ light only ?r\gh a small ap]ture4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a 7hipho#a4;gif7 ,light also moves ) great velocity1 b becomes fa9t] z x rec$es f ! s\rce f :i* x em9ates2 9 o!r words1 div]g+ rays ( light dim9i% 9 int5sity z ! squ>e ( ! di/ance increases4 ,= in/ance let a fig4 #a1 repres5t ! lum9\s body f :i* light proce$s1 & suppose ?ree squ>e bo>ds1 b4 c4 d4 sev]ally "o1 f\r & sixte5 squ>e in*es 9 size be plac$2 b "o foot1 c two feet1 & d f\r feet f a1 x w be p]ceiv$ t ! smalle/ bo>d b w ?r[ c into %ad[2 t is1 ob/ruct all rays ( light t w\ld o!rwise fall on c1 & if b 7 remov$ c w\ld 9 l mann] hide ! light f d--,n[1 if b recieve z mu* light z w\ld fall on c ^: surface is f\r times z l>ge1 ! light mu/ be f\r times z p[]ful & sixte5 times z p[]ful z t :i* w\ld fall on ! second & ?ird bo>ds1 because ! same quantity ( light is diffus$ ov] a space f\r & sixte5 times great]4 ,^! same rays may be collect$ & _! int5sity aga9 increas$4 ,rays ( light are reflect$ f "o surface to ano!r2 ,refract$1 or b5t1 z !y pass f ! surface ( "o transp>5t m$ium to ano!r2 & ,inflect$1 or turn$ f _! c\rse1 by ! attraction ( opaque bodies4 ,f ! fir/ we d]ive ! pr9ciples on :i* mirrors are con/ruct$2 to ! second we are indebt$ = ! p[] ( ! l5ses1 & ! bless+s ( sight1--= ! light acts ^u ! ret9a ( ! eye 9 ! same mann] z on ! l5s ( a cam]a4 ,! latt] has no important be>+ ^u our subject4 ,:5 a ray ( light falls p]p5dicul>ly ^u an opaque body1 x is reflect$ b>k 9 ! same l9e 9 :i* x proce$s2 9 ?is case ! reflect$ ray returns 9 ! same pa? ! incid5t ray trav]s$2 b :5 a ray falls obliquely1 x is reflect$ obliquely1 t is1 x is ?r[n (f 9 opposite direction1 & z f> f ! p]p5dicul> z 0 ! incid5t ray1 z %[n at ,fig4 #b2 a repres5t+ ! incid5t ray & b ! reflect$4 ,! po9t1 or angle c made by ! incid5t ray1 at ! surface ( ! reflector e f1 ) a l9e c d1 p]p5dicul> to t surface1 is call$ ! angle ( incid5ce1 :ile ! angle =m$ by ! reflect$ ray b & ! p]p5dicul> l9e d is call$ ! angle ( reflection1 & ^! angles are always equal4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b 7hipho#b4;gif7 ,x is by ?is reflection ( light t objects are made visible2 b unless light falls directly ^u ! eye !y are invisible1 & are n s5sibly felt until aft] a c]ta9 s]ies ( op]ations ^u ! v>i\s cov]+s & humors ( ! eye4 ,smoo? & poli%$ surfaces reflect light mo/ p[]fully1 & s5d to ! eye ! images ( ! objects f :i* ! light proce$$ be=e reflection4 ,glass1 :i* is transp>5t--transmitt+ light--w\ld be ( no use to u z a mirror1 7 x n fir/ coat$ on "o side ) a metalic amalgam1 :i* int]rupts ! rays 9 _! passage f ! glass into ! air1 & ?r[s !m ei!r directly 9 ! incid5t l9e1 or 9 an oblique direction4 ,! reason :y trees1 rocks & animals are n all mirrors1 reflect+ o!r =ms in/ead ( _! own1 is1 t _! surfaces are unev51 & rays ( light reflect$ f an unev5 surface are diffus$ 9 all directions4 ,p>allel rays fall+ obliquely ^u a plane mirror are reflect$ p>allel2 conv]g+ rays1 ) ! same degree ( conv]g5ce2 & div]g+ rays equally div]g5t4 ,/& be=e a mirror & y\r image is =m$ !re91 & appe>s to be z f> beh9d ! glass z y are be=e x1 mak+ ! angle ( reflection equal to t ( incid5ce1 z be=e /at$4 ,! incid5t ray & ! reflect$ ray =m1 toge!r1 :at is call$ ! passage ( reflection1 & ?is w !re=e make ! actual di/ance ( an image to appe> z f> aga9 f ! eye z x really is4 ,any object :i* reflects light is call$ a radiant4 ,! po9t beh9d a reflect+ surface1 f :i* !y appe> to div]ge1 is call$ ! virtual focus4 ,rays ( light be+ reflect$ at ! same angle at :i* !y fall ^u a mirror1 two p]sons c /& 9 su* a position t ea* c see ! image ( ! o!r )\t see+ 8 own4 ,aga92 y may see y\r :ole figure 9 a mirror half y\r l5g?1 b if y /& be=e "o a few in*es %ort] ! :ole _c be reflect$1 z ! incid5t ray :i* passes f y\r feet into ! mirror 9 ! =m] case1 w 9 ! latt] fall "u x4 ,images are always rev]s$ 9 mirrors4 ,convex mirrors reflect light f a r\nd$ surface & disp]se ! rays 9 e direction1 caus+ p>allel rays to div]ge1 div]g+ rays to div]ge m1 & conv]g+ rays to conv]ge less--!y repres5t objects small] ?an !y really are--because ! angle =m$ by ! reflect$ ray is r5d]$ m acute by a convex ?an by a plane surface1 & x is ! dim9i%+ ( ! visual angle1 by caus+ rays ( light to be f>!r ext5d$ be=e !y meet 9 a po9t1 :i* produces ! image ( convex mirrors4 ,! great] ! convexity ( a mirror1 ! m w ! images ( ! objects be dim9i%$1 & ! ne>] w !y appe> to ! surface4 ,^! mirrors furni% sci5ce ) _m curi\s & pleas+ facts4 ,concave mirrors are ! rev]se ( convex2 ! latt] be+ r\nd$ outw>ds1 ! =m] holl[$ inw>ds--!y r5d] rays ( light m conv]g+--collect rays in/ead ( disp]s+ !m1 & magnify objects :ile ! convex dim9i%es !m4 ,rays ( light may be collect$ 9 ! focus ( a mirror to su* int5sity z to melt metals4 ,! ord9>y burn+ glass is an illu/ration ( ?is fact2 al?\gh ! rays ( light are refract$1 or pass$ ?r\gh ! glass & conc5trat$ into a focus b5ea?4 ,:5 incid5t rays are p>allel1 ! reflect$ rays conv]ge to a focus1 b :5 ! incid5t rays proce$ f a focus1 or are div]g5t1 !y are reflect$ p>allel4 ,x is only :5 an object is ne>] to a concave mirror ?an its c5tre ( concavity1 t its image is magnifi$2 = :5 ! object is f>!r f ! mirror1 ?is c5tre w appe> less ?an ! object1 & 9 an inv]t$ position4 ,! c5tre ( concavity 9 a concave mirror1 is an imag9>y po9t plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( a circle =m$ by cont9u+ ! b\nd>y ( ! concavity ( ! mirror f any "o po9t ( ! edge to ano!r p>allel to & b5ea? x4 ,,refraction ,,( ,,light3--,i n[ pass to ! consid]ation ( ! passage ( light ?r\gh bodies4 ,a ray ( light fail+ p]p5dicul>ly ?r\gh ! air ^u a surface ( glass or wat] passes on 9 a /raight l9e ?r\gh ! body2 b if x1 9 pass+ f "o m$ium to ano!r ( diff]5t d5sity1 fall obliquely1 x is b5t f its direct c\rse & rec$es f x1 ei!r t[>ds ! "r or left1 & ?is b5d+ is call$ refraction2 7see ,fig4 #c1 b47 ,if a ray ( light passes f a r>] into a d5s] m$ium x is refract$ t[>ds a p]p5dicul> 9 t m$ium2 b if x passes f a d5s] into r>] x is b5t fur!r f a p]p5dicul> 9 t m$ium4 ,ow+ to ?is b5d+ ( ! rays ( light ! angles ( refraction & incid5ce are nev] equal4 ,transp>5t bodies diff] 9 _! p[] ( b5d+ light--z a g5]al rule1 ! refractive p[] is proportion$ to ! d5sity--b ! *emical con/itution ( bodies z well z _! d5sity1 is f\nd to effect _! refract+ p[]4 ,inflammable bodies possess ?is p[] to a great degree4 ,! s9es ( ! angle ( incid5ce & refraction 7t is1 ! p]p5dicul> drawn f ! extremity ( an arc to ! diamet] ( a circle17 are always 9 ! same ratio2 viz3 f air into wat]1 ! s9e ( ! angle ( refraction is ne>ly z f\r to ?ree1 :atev] be ! position ( ! ray ) respect to ! refract+ surface4 ,f air into sulphur1 ! s9e ( ! angle ( refraction is z two to "o--!re=e ! rays ( light _c be refract$ :5ev] ! s9e ( ! angle ( refraction becomes equal to ! radius99 ( a circle1 & light fall+ v obliquely ^u a transp>5t m$ium ceases to be refract$2 ?is is t]m$ total reflection4 99 ,! ,,radius ( a circle is a /raight l9e pass+ f ! c5tre to ! circumf]5ce4 ,s9ce ! brightness ( a reflect$ image dep5ds ^u ! quantity ( light1 x is q evid5t t ^? images :i* arise f total reflection are by f> ! mo/ vivid1 z 9 ord9>y cases ( reflection a portion ( light is absorb$4 ,i %\ld be pleas$ to ent] m fully into ?is bran* ( ! sci5ce ( optics1 b ! b\nds to :i* ,i am necess>ily limit$ 9 a "w ( ?is k9d w n admit ( x4 ,9 ! next *apt]1 h[ev]1 ,i %all give a synopsis ( ,mr4 ,hunt's treatise on ! ,influ5ce ( ! ,sol> ,rays on ,comp\nd ,bodies1 ) especial ref]5ce to _! ,photographic application--a "w :i* %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e ,dagu]reotypi/1 & :i* ,i hope soon to see republi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i w conclude ?is *apt] ) a brief /atem5t ( ! pr9ciples ^u :i* ! ,photographic art is f\nd$4 ,,sol> & ,/ell> light conta9s ?ree k9ds ( rays1 viz3 #a4 ,colorific1 or rays ( color4 #b4 ,calorific1 or rays ( heat4 #c4 ,*emical rays1 or ^? :i* produce *emical effects4 ,on ! fir/ & ?ird ! ,photographic pr9ciple dep5ds4 ,9 expla9+ ?is pr9ciple ! accompany+ wood cuts1 7figs4 #c & #d7 w r5d] x m intelligible4 ,if a p5cil ( ! sun's rays fall ^u a prism1 x is b5t 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! transp>5t m$ium2 & "s rays be+ m refract$ ?an o!rs1 we procure an elongat$ image ( ! lum9\s beam1 exhibit+ ?ree di/9ct colors1 r$1 yell[ & blue1 :i* are to be reg>d$ z primitives--& f _! int]bl5d+1 sev51 z record$ by ,newton1 & %[n 9 ! accompany+ wood cut4 ,^! rays be+ absorb$1 or reflect$ diff]5tly by v>i\s bodies1 give to nature ! *>m ( color4 ,?us to ! eve is giv5 ! pleasure we d]ive 9 look+ ^u ! gre5 fields & =e/s1 ! enum]able v>ieties ( fl[]s1 ! gl[+ ruby1 jasp]1 topaz1 ame?i/1 & em]ald1 ! brilliant diamond1 & all ! ri* & v>i$ hues ( nature1 bo? animate & inanimate4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c 7hipho#c4;gif7 ,n[1 if we all[ ?is prismatic spectrum 7b4 ,fig4 #c47 to fall ^u any surface 7z at c47 prep>$ ) a s5sitive photographic comp\nd1 we %all f9d t ! *emical effect produc$ be>s no relation to ! int5sity ( ! light ( any p>ticul> color$ ray1 b t1 on ! contr>y1 x is disp]s$ ov] ! l>ge/ portion ( ! spectrum1 be+ mo/ en]getic 9 ! lea/ lum9\s rays1 & ev] active ov] an ext5sive space1 :]e no traces ( light c be detect$4 ,fig4 #d1 w give ! /ud5t a bett] idea ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,x is a copy ( ! k9d ( impression :i* ! spectrum1 spok5 (1 w\ld make on a piece ( pap] cov]$ ) a v s5sitive photographic prep>ation4 ,! :ite space a4 corresponds ) ! mo/ lum9\s1 or yell[ ray1 7#e1 ,fig4 #c7 ov] limits ( :i* all *emical *ange is prev5t$4 ,a simil> action is also produc$ by ! l[] end ( ! r$ ray c2 b 9 ! upp] portion1 h[ev] we f9d a decid$ *ange 7z at d74 ,! mo/ active *emical *ange1 y w p]ceive1 is produc$ by ! rays above ! yell[ a2 viz4 #d1 #c1 #b & #a 7z at b7 ! gre5 7#d7 be+ ! lea/ active1 & ! blue 7#c7 & violet 7#a7 rays ! mo/ s1 ! action /ill cont9u+ f> beyond ! po9t b :i* is ! end ( ! lum9\s image4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d 7hipho#d4;gif7 ,suppose we wi% to copy by ! ,dagu]reotype1 or ,calotype process1 any objects highly color$--blue1 r$ & yell[1 = in/ance pr$om9at+--! la/ ( c\rse reflects ! mo/ light1 ! blue ! lea/2 b ! rays f ! blue surface w make ! mo/ int5se impression1 :il/ ! r$ radiations are work+ v sl[ly1 & ! yell[ rema9s entirely inactive4 ,?is acc\nts = ! difficulty exp]i5c$ 9 copy+ bright gre5 foliage1 or w>mly color$ portraits2 a l>ge portion ( ! yell[ & r$ rays ent]+ into ! composition ( bo?--& ! imp]fections ( a ,dagu]reotype portrait ( a p]son ) a freckl$ face dep5ds ^u ! same cause4 ,a yell[1 hazy atmosph]e1 ev5 :5 ! light is v bright1 w effectually prev5t any good photographic result--& 9 ! height ( summ]1 ) ! mo/ s5sative process1 x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t ! mo/ annoy+ failures arise f ?is ag5cy ( a yell[ m$ium4 ,a build+ pa9t$ ( a yell[ color1 :i* may reflect ! sun's rays directly into ! op]ator's room w h ! same effect4 ,dagu]reotypi/s1 be+ ignorant ( ^! facts1 are v apt to *>ge _! want ( success to ! plates1 or *emicals1 or any ?+ b ! real cause2 & x w\ld be well to be> ^! facts con/antly 9 m9d & z f> z possible avoid !m4 ,?is1 may be accompli%$1 9 a measure1 by a *oice ( location or by hav+ ! glass ( y\r w9d[s t+$ ) blue2 or a scre5 ( ?9 blue pap] may be int]pos$ betwe5 ! light & sitt]4 ,9 select+ subjects1 all /rik+ contra/s 9 color %\ld be avoid$1 & sitt]s = portraits %\ld be caution$ n to we> any?+ t may produce ! effect spok5 (--d>k dresses always be+ ! be/4 ,! action ( light bo? comb9es & decomposes bodies4 ,= in/ance1 *lor9e & hydrog5 w rema9 9 a glass vessel )\t alt]ation if kept 9 ! d>k2 b if expos$ to ! rays ( ! sun1 !y imm$iately ent] into comb9ation1 & produce hydro*loric acid4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if colorless nitric acid be expos$ to ! sun1 x becomes yell[1 !n *anges to r$1 & oxyg5 is lib]at$ by ! p>tial decomposition effect$ by ! sol> rays4 ,( ! organic sub/ances none are m readily act$ ^u by light ?an ! v>i\s comb9ations ( silv]4 ,( ^! "s are m1 & o!rs less s5sitive4 ,if ,*loride ( silv]1 :i* is a :ite precipitate =m$ by add+ *loride ( sodium 7common salt7 to a solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 be expos$ to diffus$ light1 x spe$ily assumes a violet t9t1 & ultimately becomes ne>ly black4 ,) iodide ( silv]1 bromide ( silv]1 ammonio-nitrate ( silv]1 & o!r salts ( ?is metal1 ! result w be mu* ! same4 ,"s bodies1 :i* "u ! influ5ce ( light1 und]go *emical *anges1 h ! p[] ( re/or+ !mselves to _! orig9al condition 9 ! d>k4 ,?is is m rem>kably display$ 9 ! iodide ( plat9um1 :i* readily recieves a photog5ic image by d>k5+ ov] ! expos$ surfaces1 b spe$ily loses x by blea*+ 9 ! d>k4 ,! ioduret ( ,dagu]re's plate1 & "s o!r iodides1 exhibit ! same peculi>ity--,?is leads u to ! /rik+ fact1 t bodies :i* h und]gone a *ange ( e/ate "u ! influ5ce ( day-light h "s lat5t p[] by :i* !y c r5ovate !mselves4 ,possibly ! h\rs ( night are z necess>y to inanimate nature z !y are to ! animate4 ,dur+ ! day1 an excitem5t :i* we d n he$1 unless 9 a /ate ( disease1 is ma9ta9$ by ! influ5ce ( light & ! h\rs ( repose1 dur+ :i* ! equilibrium is re/or$1 are absolutely necess>y to ! cont9uance ( heal?4 ,in/ead ( a few *emical comp\nds ( gold & silv]1 :i* at fir/ 7 alone suppos$ to be photographic1 we are n[ aw>e t copp]1 plat9um1 lead1 nickel1 & inde$1 probably all ! elem5ts1 are equally liably to *ange "u ! sun's influ5ce4 ,?is fact may be ( b5efit to engrav]s1 = if /eel c be made to take photographic impressions1 ! m labori\s process ( et*+ may be disp5s$ )4 ,9 fact1 9 ! latt] "p ( ?is "w1 a process is describ$ = et*+ & tak+ pr9t$ impressions f ,dagu]reotype plates4 ,z yet ?is process has produc$ no decid$ b5eficial results--b future exp]im5ts may accompli% "s practical discov]y ( intr9sic value to ! art ( engrav+4 ,a v simple exp]im5t w prove h[ ess5tial light is to ! color+ ( ! v>i\s species compris+ ! vegetable & animal k+doms4 ,if we transplant any %rub f ! light ( day into a d>k cell>1 we w soon see x lose its bright gre5 color1 & become p]fectly :ite4 ,ano!r effect ( light is t x appe>s to imp>t to bodies "s p[] by :i* !y m readily ent] into *emical comb9ation ) o!rs4 ,we h already said t *lor9e & hydrog51 if kept 9 ! d>k1 w rema9 unalt]$2 b if ! *lor9e alone be previ\sly expos$ to ! sun1 ! *lor9e ?us sol>is$ w unite ) ! hydrog5 9 ! d>k4 ,sulphate ( iron w ?r[ d[n gold or silv] f _! solutions sl[ly 9 ! d>k2 b if ei!r solution be fir/ expos$ to sun%9e1 & ! mixture be !n made1 9 ! d>k1 ! precipitation takes place in/antly4 ,"h is aga91 evid5ce ( ei!r an absorption ( "s mat]ial ag5t f ! sunbeam1 or an alt]ation 9 ! *emical con/itution ( ! body4 ,x 0 f und]/&+ ^! pr9ciples & apply+ !m t philosoph]s 7 enabl$ to produce ! ,calotype1 ,dagu]reotype1 c4 ,= ! effects & action ( light on ! cam]a1 see ,*apt] ,v4 ,"s advances h be5 made t[>ds produc+ ,photographic impressions 9 color--! impossibility ( :i* "s ( our be/ & olde/ arti/s h mo/ p]t9aci\sly ma9ta9$4 ,! color$ image ( ! spectrum has be5 mo/ fai?fully copi$1 ray = ray1 on pap] spread ) ! juice ( ! ,co*orus ,japonica1 7a species ( plant7 & ! fluoride ( silv]2 & on silv] plate cov]$ ) a ?9 film ( *loride4 ,! day may be /ill remote :5 ?is mu* to be desir$ desid]atum %all be accompli%$ 9 portrait tak+2 b ,i am l$ to hope t future exp]im5ts may ma/] ! secret :i* n[ causes x to be look$ ^u1 by _m1 z an impossibility4 ,t great advantages h result$1 & t great] /ill w result f ! discov]y ( ! ,photographic art1 few w d5y4 ,! fai?ful mann] 9 :i* x copies nature1 ev5 to ! mo/ m9ute details1 r5d]s x ( mu* value to ! pa9t]2 b a few m9utes suffic+ to take a view t =m]ly w\ld h occupi$ sev]al days4 ,its sup]iority 9 portraits1 ov] m9iature or oil pa9t+ has be5 tacitly ackn[l$g$ by ! ?\s&s :o employ x to secure _! own1 or a fri5ds lik5ess1 & by ! /eady increase 9 ! numb] ( arti/s :o are weekly1 aye daily spr++ up 9 e t[n & village 9 ! l&4 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,mr4 ,,hunt',s ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,! ,,sol> ,,rays ,,on ,,comp\nd ,,bodies1 ,,) ,,especial ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,_! ,,photographic ,,application4 ,,oxide ,,( ,,silv] expos$ = a few h\rs to good sun%9e1 passes into a m decid$ olive color1 ?an *>act]ises x :5 fir/ prep>$ by precipitation f nitrate ( silv]4 ,long] exposure r5d]s ?is color v mu* light]1 & ! cov]$ p>ts1 are f\nd mu* d>k]1 ?an ^? on :i* ! light has act$ directly4 ,9 "s in/ances :]e ! oxide ( silv] has be5 spread on ! pap] a decid$ :it5+ process 9 "s p>ts1 aft] a few days exposure1 is notic$4 ,oxide ( silv] dissolv$ 9 ammonia is a valuable photographic fluid2 "o application ( a /rong solution =m+ an exce$+ly s5sitive surface4 ,! pictures on ?is pap] are easily fix$ by salt or weak ammonia4 ,,nitrate ,,( ,,silv]4--,?is salt 9 a /ate ( purity1 does n appe> to be s5sibly affect$ by light1 b ! pres5ce ( ! smalle/ portion ( organic matt] r5d]s x exce$+ly liable to *ange "u lum9\s influ5ce4 ,if a piece ( nitrat$ pap] is plac$ ^u hot iron1 or held ne> ! fire1 x w be f\nd t at a heat j bel[ t at :i* ! pap] *>s1 ! salt is decompos$4 ,:]e ! heat is greate/1 ! silv] is reviv$1 & imm$iately ar\nd x1 ! pap] becomes a deep blue2 beyond ?is a pretty decid$ gre5 color results1 & beyond ! gre51 a yell[ or yell[ br[n /a9 is made4 ,?is exhibits a rem>kable analogy betwe5 heat & light1--be=e spok5 ( 9 *ap4 ,,ii--& is ( "s practical importance 9 ! prep>ation ( ! pap]4 ,,prismatic ,,analysis4--,! me?od ( accompli%+ ! prismatic decomposition ( rays ( light by ! spectrum has already be5 describ$ on pages #bb & #bc4 ,! color ( ! impress$ spectrum1 on pap] wa%$ ) nitrate ( silv]1 is at fir/1 a pale br[n1 :i* passes sl[ly into a deep] %ade2 t portion correspond+ ) ! blue rays becom+ a blue br[n2 & "u ! violet ( a peculi> p9key %ade1 a v decid$ gre5 t9t1 on ! po9t :i* corresponds ) ! lea/ refrangible blue rays1 may be obs]v$1 its limits ( action be+ ne> ! c5tre ( ! yell[ ray1 & its maximum ab\t ! c5tre ( ! blue1 al?\gh ! action up to ! edge ( ! violet ray is cont9u$ ) v little dim9ution ( effect2 beyond ?is po9t ! action is v feeble4 ,:5 ! spectrum is made to act on pap] :i* has be5 previ\sly d>k5$1 by exposure to sun%9e "u cupro-sulphate ( ammonia1 ! ph5om5a are mat]ially diff]5t4 ,! photographic spectrum is l5g!n$ out on ! r$ or negative side by a fa9t b v visible r$ portion1 :i* ext5ds fully up to ! end ( ! r$ rays1 z se5 by ! nak$ eye4 ,! t9t ( ! g5]al spectrum1 too1 in/ead ( br[n is d>k grey1 pass+1 h[ev]1 at its mo/ refract$ or positive end into a ruddy br[n4 ,9 its ,photographic application1 ! nitrate ( silv] is ! mo/ valuable ( ! salts ( t metal1 z f x mo/ ( ! o!r arg5t9e comp\nds c be prep>$1 al?\gh x is n ( itself suffici5tly s5sible to light to r5d] x ( mu* use4 ,,*loride ,,( ,,silv]4--,?is salt ( silv]1 :e!r 9 its precipitat$ /ate1 or :5 fus$1 *anges its color to a f9e blui% grey by a v %ort exposure to ! sun's rays4 ,if comb9$ ) a small quantity ( nitrate1 ! *ange is m rapid1 x atta9s a deep br[n1 !n sl[ly passes into a f9e olive1 & ev5tually1 aft] a few weeks1 ! metalic silv] is se5 to be reviv$ on ! surface ( ! salt4 ,great diff]5ces ( color are produc$ on *lorides ( silv] precipitat$ by diff]5t muriates4 ,ne>ly e v>iety 9 comb9ation ) ! nitrate1 becomes at la/ ( ! same olive color1 ! foll[+ examples1 !re=e1 h ref]5ce to a few m9utes exposure1 only1 to good sun%9e2 x mu/ also be recollect$ t ! *loride ( silv] 9 ^! cases is contam9at$ ) ! precipitant4 ,muriate ( ammonia precipitates *loride to d>k5 to a f9e *ocolate br[n1 :il/ muriate ( lime produces a brick-r$ color4 ,muriates ( pota% & soda af=d a precipitate1 :i* d>k5s spe$ily to a pure d>k br[n1 & muriatic acid1 or aque\s *lor9e1 d n appe> to increase ! d>k5+ p[] beyond ! lilac to :i* ! pure *loride ( silv] *anges by exposure4 ,?is diff]5ce ( color appe>s to be ow+ to ! admixture ( ! e>? or alkali us$ ) ! silv] salt4 ,! prismatic impression on pap] spread ) ! *loride ( silv] is (t5 v beautifully t9t$1 ! int5sity ( color v>y+ ) ! k9d ( muriate us$4 ,spread pap] ) muriate ( ammonia or b>yta & y obta9 a range ( colors ne>ly correspond+ ) ! natural hues ( ! prismatic spectrum4 ,"u favorable circum/ances ! mean r$ ray1 leaves a r$ impression1 :i* passes into a gre5 ov] ! space occupi$ by ! yell[ rays4 ,above ?is a lead5 hue is obs]v$1 & ab\t ! mean blue ray1 :]e ! action is greate/1 x rapidly passes ?r\gh br[n into black1 & ?r\gh ! mo/ refrangible rays x gradually decl9es into a blui% br[n1 :i* t9t is cont9u$ ?r\gh\t ! invisible rays4 ,at ! lea/ refrangible end ( ! spectrum1 ! v rem>kable ph5om5on has be5 obs]v$1 ( ! extreme r$ rays ex]t+ a protect+ influ5ce1 & pres]v+ ! pap] f t *ange1 :i* x w\ld o!rwise und]go1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! disp]s$ light :i* always surr\nds ! spectrum4 ,n only ! extreme r$ ray ex]ts ?is v peculi> prop]ty1 b ! ord9>y r$ ray ?r\gh ne>ly its :ole l5g?4 ,9 photographic draw+ ?is salt is ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,mr4 ,talbot's application ( x w be giv5 h]eaft] 9 ano!r portion ( ?is "w4 ,,iodide ,,( ,,silv]--,p]fectly pure1 und]goes v little *ange "u ! influ5ce ( light or heat2 b if a v slight excess ( ! nitrate ( silv] be add$ x becomes inf9itely m s5sitive ?an ! *loride4 ,! spectrum impress$ ^u pap] prep>$ ) a weak solution ( ! hydriodate ( pota% pres5ts "s v rem>kable peculi>ities4 ,! maximum ( int5sity is f\nd at ! edge ( ! mo/ refrangible violet rays1 or a little beyond x1 v>y+ slightly accord+ to ! k9d ( pap] us$1 & ! quantity ( free nitrate ( silv] pres5t4 ,! action comm5ces at a po9t ne>ly co9cid5t ) ! mean r$ ( ! lum9\s spectrum1 :]e x gives a dull a% or lead color1 :ile ! mo/ refrangible rays impress a ruddy snuff-br[n1 ! *ange ( t9t com+ on r sudd5ly ab\t ! end ( ! blue or beg9n+ ( ! violet rays ( ! lum9\s spectrum4 ,beyond ! extreme violet rays1 ! action rapidly dim9i%es1 b ! d>k5+ produc$ by ^! invisible rays1 ext5ds a v small space beyond ! po9t at :i* !y cease to act on ! *loride ( silv]4 ,9 its photographic application1 x is1 alone1 ( v little use2 b 9 comb9ation ) o!r reag5ts x becomes exquisitely s5sitive4 ,) gallic acid & ! f]rocyanate ( pota% x =ms two ( ! mo/ s5sitive photographic solutions ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,^! are us$ 9 ! calotype process4 ,,ioduret ,,( ,,silv]4--,if ^u a plate ( poli%$ silv] we place a small piece ( iod9e1 & apply ! heat ( a lamp b5ea? ! plate = a mom5t1 a sy/em ( r+s is spe$ily =m$4 ,! fir/ r+1 :i* spread+ con/antly =ms ! ext]ior ( ! circle1 is ( a bright yell[ color2 )9 ?is1 !re arises1 successively1 r+s ( gre51 r$ & blue colors1 & !n aga9 a f9e yell[ circle1 c5tr$ by a greyi% spot on ! place occupi$ by ! iod9e4 ,on expos+ ^! to ! light1 ! out] yell[ circle almo/ in/antly *anges color1 ! o!rs sl[ly1 9 ! ord] ( _! position1 ! int]ior yell[ circle resi/+ = a long "t ! sol> influ5ce4 ,^! r+s mu/ be reg>d$ z films ( ! ioduret ( silv]1 v>y+1 n only 9 ?ickness1 b 9 ! m or less p]fect /ates ( comb9ation 9 :i* ! iod9e & metal are4 ,! ext]ior circle is an ioduret 9 a v loose /ate ( *emical agregation2 ! attractive =ces increase z we proce$ t[>ds ! c5tre1 :]e a well =m$ ioduret1 or probably a true iodide ( silv]1 is =m$1 :i* is act$ ^u by sunlight ) difficulty4 ,! ext]ior & mo/ s5sitive film con/itutes ! surface ( ,dagu]reotype plates4 ,! *anges :i* ^! color$ r+s und]go are rem>kable2 by a few m9utes exposure to sunlight1 an inv]sion ( ne>ly all ! colors takes place1 ! two fir/ r+s becom+ a deep olive gre52 & a deep blue incl9+ to black4 ,! nature ( ! *ange :i* ! ioduret ( silv] und]goes on ,dagu]reotype plates1 ?r\gh ! action ( light1 ,mr4 ,hunt consid]s to be a decid$ case ( decomposition1 & cites sev]al circum/ances 9 pro( ( 8 position4 ,^! ) o!r facts giv5 by ,mr4 ,hunt 9 8 great "w on ! ,photographic art1 b to volum9\s to include 9 a volume ( ! size to :i* ,i am oblig$ to conf9e myself1 %\ld be ?or\ghly /udi$ by all ,dagu]reotypi/s4 ,,prismatic ,,analysis4--,! mo/ refrangible portion ( ! spectrum1 7on a ,dagu]reotype plate7 appe>s1 aft] ! plate has be5 expos$ to ! vapor ( m]cury1 to h impress$ its colors2 ! light & delicate film ( m]cury1 :i* cov]s t portion1 assum+ a f9e blue t9t ab\t ! c5tral p>ts1 :i* are gradually %ad$ (f into a pale grey2 & ?is is aga9 surr\nd$ by a v delicate rose hue1 :i* is lo/ 9 a b& ( pure :ite4 ,beyond ?is a protect+ influ5ce is p[]fully ex]t$2 & not)/&+ ! action ( ! disp]s$ light1 :i* is v evid5t ov] ! plate1 a l9e is left1 p]fectly free f m]curial vapor1 & :i*1 consequ5tly1 :5 view$ by a side light1 appe>s q d>k4 ,! gre5 rays are repres5t$ by a l9e ( a correspond+ t9t1 consid]ably less 9 size ?an ! lum9\s gre5 rays4 ,! yell[ rays appe> to be )\t action1 or to act negatively1 ! space ^u :i* !y fall be+ protect$ f ! m]curial vapor2 & x consequ5tly is se5 z a d>k b&4 ,a :ite l9e ( vapor m>ks ! place ( ! orange rays4 ,! r$ rays effect ! s5sitive surface 9 a peculi> mann]2 & we h ! m]curial vapor1 assum+ a molecul> arrangem5t :i* gives to x a f9e rose hue2 ?is t9t is surr\nd$ by a l9e ( :ite vapor1 %ad$ at ! l[e/ extremity ) a v s(t gre54 ,ov] ! space occupi$ by ! extreme r$ rays1 a protect+ influ5ce is aga9 ex]t$2 ! space is reta9$ free f m]curial vapor & ! b& is f\nd to surr\nd ! :ole ( ! lea/ refrangible rays1 & to unite itself ) ! b& :i* surr\nds ! rays ( greate/ refrangibility4 ,?is b& is n equally well def9$ ?r\gh\t its :ole ext5t4 ,x is mo/ evid5t f ! extreme r$ to ! gre52 x fades 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! blue1 & increases aga91 z x leaves ! indigo1 until beyond ! invisible *emical rays x is ne>ly z /rong z x is at ! calorific end ( ! spectrum4 ,images on ,dagu]reotype plates :i* h be5 completely oblit]at$ by rubb+ may be re/or$1 by plac+ x 9 a tol]ably /rong solution ( iod9e 9 wat]4 ,,bromide ,,( ,,silv]4--,?is salt1 l ! iodide1 does n appe> to be readily *ang$ by ! action ( light2 b :5 comb9$ ) ! nitrate ( silv] x =ms a v s5sitive photographic prep>ation4 ,pap] prep>$ ) ?is salt1 black5s ov] its :ole ext5t ) ne>ly equal int5sity1 :5 submitt$ to ! prismatic spectrum4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic peculi>ity ( ! spectrum is its extravagant l5g?4 ,in/ead ( t]m9at+ at ! mean yell[ ray1 ! d>k5$ portion ext5ds d[n to ! v extremity ( ! visible r$ rays4 ,9 t9t x is pretty uni=mly ( a grey-black ov] its :ole ext5t1 except t a slight fr+e ( r$ness is p]ceptible at ! lea/ refract$ end4 ,beyond ! r$ ray1 an ext5d$ space is protect$ f ! ag5cy ( ! disp]s$ light1 & its :it5ess ma9ta9$2 ?us confirm+ ! evid5ce ( "s *emical p[] 9 action1 ov] a space beyond ! lum9\s spectrum1 :i* corresponds ) ! rays ( ! lea/ refrangibility4 ,?is salt is ext5sively us$ 9 photographic draw+4 ,,prep>ations ,,( ,,gold4--,*loride ( ,gold1 fre$ f an excess ( acid is sl[ly *ang$ "u ! action ( light2 a regul>ly increas+ d>kness tak+ place until x becomes purple1 ! fir/ action ( ! light be+ to :it5 ! pap]1 :i*1 if remov$ f ! light at ?is /age1 w gradually d>k5 & ev5tually develope ! picture4 ,?is process may be quick5$ by plac+ ! pap] 9 cold wat]4 ,*loride ( gold ) nitrate ( silv] gives a precipitate ( a yell[ br[n color4 ,pap] impregnat$ ) ! acetate ( lead1 :5 wa%$ ) p]fectly neutral *loride ( gold1 acquires a br[ni%-yell[ hue4 ,! fir/ impression ( light seems r to :it5 ?an d>k5 ! pap]1 by dis*>g+ ! orig9al color1 & sub/itut+ = x a pale greyi% t9t1 :i* by sl[ degrees increases to a d>k slate color2 b if arre/$1 :ile yet1 n m ?an a mod]ate a% grey1 & held 9 a curr5t ( /eam1 ! color ( ! p>ts act$ ^u by light--& ( t only--d>k5s imm$iately to a deep purple4 ,"h ,i mu/ leave ! subject ( ! action ( light ^u metalic comp\nds--ref]r+ to ,mr4 ,hunts "w = any fur!r in=mation ! /ud5t may desire on ! o!r metals--z ,i f9d myself go+ beyond my limits4 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 entirely dismiss ! subject )\t giv+ a few examples ( ! action ( light on ! juices ( plants1 "s ( :i* produce v good photographic effect4 ,,cor*orus ,,japonica--,! juice ( ! fl[]s ( ?is plant imp>t a f9e yell[ color to pap]1 &1 s f> z asc]ta9$1 is ! mo/ s5sitive ( any vegetable prep>ation2 b ow+ to its cont9u+ to *ange color ev5 9 ! d>k1 photographic images tak5 on pap] prep>$ ) x soon fade out4 ,,wall ,,fl[]4--,?is fl[] yields a juice1 :5 express$ ) alcohol1 f :i* subsides1 on /&+1 a bright yell[ f9ely divid$ faecula1 leav+ a gre5i%-yell[ transp>5t liquid1 only slightly color$ sup]natant4 ,! faecula spreads well on pap]1 & is v s5sitive to light1 b appe>s at ! same "t to und]go a sort ( *romatic analysis1 & to comport itself z if compos$ ( two v di/9ct color+ pr9ciples1 v diff]5tly affect$4 ,! "o on :i* ! int5sity & sub-orange t9t ( ! color dep5ds1 is spe$ily de/roy$1 b ! pap] is n !reby fully :it5$4 ,a pal] yell[ rema9s z a residual t9t1 & ?is on cont9u$ exposure to ! light1 sl[ly d>k5s to br[n4 ,expos$ to ! spectrum1 ! pap] is fir/ r$uc$ ne>ly to :it5ess 9 ! region ( ! blue & violet rays4 ,m sl[ly1 an insulat$ sol> image is :it5$ 9 ! less refrangible portion ( ! r$4 ,cont9ue ! exposure1 & a br[n impression beg9s to be p]ciev$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! :ite /reak1 :i* d>k5s sl[ly ov] ! region betwe5 ! l[] blue & extreme violet rays4 ,,! ,,r$ ,,poppy yields a v beautiful r$ color1 :i* is entirely de/roy$ by light4 ,:5 p]fectly dri$ on pap] ! color becomes blue4 ,?is blue color is spe$ily dis*>g$ by exposure to ! sun's rays1 & pap]s prep>$ ) x af=d v int]e/+ photographs4-- ,future exp]im5ts w und\bt$ly m fully develope ! photog5ic prop]ties ( fl[]s1 & practically apply !m4 ,c]ta9 precautions are necess>y 9 extract+ ! color+ matt] ( fl[]s4 ,! petals ( fre% fl[]s1 c>efully select$1 are cru%$ to a pulp 9 a mort>1 ei!r alone or ) ! addition ( a little alcohol1 & ! juice express$ by squeez+ ! pulp 9 a clean l95 or cotton clo?4 ,x is !n to be spread ^u pap] ) a flat bru%1 & dri$ 9 ! air4 ,if alcohol be n add$1 x mu/ be appli$ imm$iately1 z ! air *anges or de/roys ! color in/antly4 ,mo/ fl[]s give out _! color+ matt] to alcohol or wat]--b ! =m] is f\nd to weak51 & 9 "s cases to dis*>ge altoge!r ^! colors2 b !y are 9 mo/ cases re/or$ 9 dry+4 ,pap] t+$ ) vegetable colors mu/ be kept p]fectly dry & 9 d>kness4 ,to secure an ev5ess ( t9t on pap] x %\ld be fir/ moi/5$ on ! back by spong+1 & blott+ (f ) bibul\s pap]4 ,x %\ld !n be p9n$ on a bo>d1 ! moi/ side d[nw>ds1 s t two ( its edges--! "r & l[] ones--project a little ov] ^? ( ! bo>d4 ,incl9e ! bo>d tw5ty or ?irty degrees to ! horizon1 & apply ! t9cture ) a bru% 9 /rokes f "r to left1 tak+ c>e n to g ov] ! edges :i* re/s on ! bo>d1 b to pass cle>ly ov] ^? t project2 & also obs]v+ to c>ry ! t9t f bel[ upw>ds by quick sweep+ /rokes1 leav+ no dry spaces betwe5 !m4 ,cross ^! ) o!r /rokes f above d[nw>ds1 leav+ no float+ liquid on ! pap]4 ,dry z quickly z possible1 avoid+1 h[ev]1 su* heat z may injure ! t9t4 ,,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,a ,,few ,,h9ts ,,& ,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,dagu]reotypi/s4 ,!re are v few :o may n be capable ( practis+ ! ,photographic art1 ei!r on pap]1 or metalic plates--b1 l all o!r pr(essions1 "s are m clev] 9 its v>i\s processes ?an o!rs4 ,impati5ce is a great drawback to p]fect success1 & comb9$ ) laz9ess is a decid$ enemy4 ,besides ?is1 no "o c excel 9 ,photography :o does n possess a natural ta/e = ! f9e arts1 :o is n quick 9 disc]n+ grace & beauty--is reg>dless ( ! pr9ciples ( p]spective1 =e%ort5+ & o!r rules ( draw+1 & :o sets ab\t x m]ely = ! sake ( ga9--)\t ! lea/ ambition to rise to ! fir/ rank1 bo? 9 its practice & !ory4 ,!re is no pr(ession or trade 9 :i* a slov5ly mann] w n %[ itself1 & none :]e its effects w be m app>5t ?an ?is4 ,9 ord] to be great 9 any pursuit1 we mu/ be ourselves1 & keep all ?+s1 9 ord]4 ,9 y\r %[ & reception rooms1 let neatness prevail2 h y\r specim5s s plac$--lean+ slightly =w>d--z to obta9 ! /ronge/ light ^u !m1 & at ! same "t prev5t t glass9ess ( appe>ance :i* detracts s mat]ially f ! effect !y are int5d$ to produce4 ,if possible1 let ! light be ( a nor?-we/]n aspect1 mell[$ by curta9s ( a semitransp>5t hue4 ,y\r %[-cases1 at ! door1 %\ld be kept well clean$4 ,i h (t5 be5 disgu/$ :ile attempt+ to exam9e portraits 9 ! cases ( our arti/s1 at ! greasy coat+ & m>ks ( dirty f+]s ^u ! glass & frame enclos+ !m4 ,believe x1 _m a good cu/om] is lo/ = no o!r reason4 ,9 y\r op]at+ room1 du/ %\ld be c>efully exclud$4 ,x %\ld be furni%$ ) no?+ apt to collect & reta9 du/2 a c>pet is !re=e n only a useless article1 b v improp]4 ,a b>e floor is to be pref]$2 b if y mu/ cov] x use matt+4 ,!re is no place ab\t y\r e/abli%m5t :]e great] c>e %\ld be tak5 to h ord] & cleanl9ess2 = x w prev5t _m failures (t5 attribut$ to o!r causes4 ,a place = e ?+1 & e ?+ 9 its place1 %\ld be an absolute maxim ) all arti/s4 ,d n oblige ! ladies1 on go+ away f y\r rooms1 to say--,t ,h4 is a slov5ly man2 see h[ my dress is ru9$ by sitt+ d[n 9 a *air t look$ z if x _h j come out ( a port] h\se kit*5 & _h n be5 clean$ = six mon?s4 ,9 *oos+ y\r op]at+ room1 obta9 "o ) a nor?-we/]n aspect1 if possible2 & ei!r )1 or capable ( hav+ atta*$1 a l>ge skylight4 ,good pictures may be tak5 )\t ! sky-light1 b n ! mo/ pleas+ or effective4 ,a v important po9t to be obs]v$1 is to keep ! cam]a p]fectly free f du/4 ,! op]ator %\ld be c>eful to see t ! slighte/ p>ticle be remov$1 = ! act ( ins]t+ ! plate-hold] w set x 9 motion1 if left1 & cause ^? little black spots on ! plate1 by :i* an o!rwise good picture is spoil$4 ,! cam]a %\ld be s plac$ z to prev5t ! sun %9+ into ! l5ses4 ,9 tak+ portraits1 ! con=mation ( ! sitt] %\ld be m9utely /udi$ to enable y to place h] or him 9 a position ! mo/ graceful & easy to be obta9$4 ,! eyes %\ld be fix$ on "s object a little above ! cam]a1 & to "o side--b nev] into1 or on ! in/rum5t1 z "s direct2 ! latt] g5]ally gives a fix$1 silly1 />+1 sc[l+ or pa9ful expression to ! face4 ,c>e %\ld also be tak51 t ! h&s & feet1 9 :atev] position1 are n too =w>d or back w>d f ! face :5 t is 9 good focus4 ,if any l>ge surface ( :ite is pres5t1 su* z ! %irt front1 or lady's h&k]*ief1 a piece ( d>k clo? 7a tempor>y bosom ( nanke5 is be/17 may be put ov] x1 b quickly )drawn :5 ! process is ab\t two ?irds f9i%$4 ,a v pleas+ effect is giv5 to portraits1 by introduc+1 beh9d ! sitt]1 an engrav+ or o!r picture--if a pa9t+1 avoid ^? 9 :i* w>m & gl[+ t9ts pr$om9ate4 ,! subject ( ^! pictures may be applicable to ! ta/e or occupation ( ! p]son ^: portrait y are tak+4 ,?is adds mu* to ! int]e/ ( ! picture1 :i* is o!rwise frequ5tly dull1 cold & inanimate4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,:itehur/ ( ,ri*mond1 ,va41 has introduc$ a revolv+ backgr\nd1 :i* is set 9 motion dur+ ! op]ation1 & produces a di/9ctness & boldness 9 ! image n o!rwise to be obta9$4 ,! effect ^u ! backgr\nd ( ! plate is equally pleas+2 x hav+ ! appe>ance ( a beautifully cl\d$ sky4 ,9 practis+ ,photographic draw+ on pap]1 ! /ud5t mu/ be> 9 m9d t x is positively ess5tial1 to secure success 9 ! v>i\s processes1 to use ! utmo/ precaution 9 spread+ ! solutions1 & wa%es f ! comb9ation ( :i* ! s5sitive surfaces result4 ,! same bru% %\ld always be us$ = ! same solution1 & nev] us$ = any o!r1 & always wa%$ 9 clean wat] aft] hav+ be5 employ$4 ,any metalic m\nt+ on ! bru%es %\ld be avoid$1 z ! metal precipitates ! silv] f its solution4 ,! bru%es %\ld be made ( camels or badg]'s hair & suffici5tly broad & l>ge to cov] ! pap] 9 two or ?ree sweeps2 = if small ones be employ$1 _m /rokes mu/ be giv51 :i* leave correspond+ /reaks t w become visible :5 submitt$ to light1 & spoil ! picture4 ,^! few prelim9>y h9ts & sugge/ions1 w1 ,i tru/1 be ( "s s]vice to all :o adopt ?is pleas+ art z a pr(ession2 & w1 ) a due att5tion to ! directions giv5 9 ! practical work+ ( ! ,dagu]reotype1 ,calotype1 etc41 ensure a correspond+ measure ( success4 ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,,dagu]reotype ,,app>atus4 ,! entire ,dagu]reotype process is compris$ 9 sev5 di/9ct op]ations2 viz3 #a4--;,clean+ & poli%+ ! plate4 #b4--;,apply+ ! s5sitive coat+4 #c--,submitt+ ! plate to ! action ( light 9 ! cam]a4 #d4--;,br++ out ! picture2 9 o!r words r5d]+ x visible4 #e4--;,fix+ ! image1 or mak+ x p]man5t--s t ! light may no long] act ^u x4 #f4--;,gild+3 or cov]+ ! picture ) a ?9 film ( gold--:i* n only protects x1 b greatly improves its di/9ctness & tone ( color4 #g4--;,color+ ! picture4 ,= ^! v>i\s op]ations ! foll[+ articles--:i* make up ! entire app>atus ( a ,dagu]rean arti/--mu/ be procur$ #a4--,,! ,,cam]a4--7,fig4 #e474 ,! ,cam]a ,obscura ( ! ,italian philosoph]s1 al?\gh highly appreciat$1 on acc\nt ( ! magical "* ( ! pictures x produc$1 rema9$ little o!r ?an a sci5tific toy1 until ! discov]y ( ,m4 ,dagu]re4 ,! value ( ?is in/rum5t is n[ great1 & ! int]e/ ( ! process :i* x s ess5tially aids1 univ]sally admitt$4 ,a full description ( x w !re=e be int]e/+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e 7hipho#e4;gif7 ,! cam]a is a d>k box 7a71 hav+ a tube ) l5ses 7b7 plac$ 9 "o end ( x1 ?r\gh :i* ! radiations f ext]nal objects pass1 & =m a dim9i%$ picture ^u ! gr\nd glass 7g7 plac$ at ! prop] di/ance 9 ! box to receive x2 ! cap c cov]+ ! l5ses at b until ! plate is ready to receive ! image ( ! object to be copi$4 ,?us a 7fig4 #f47 repres5t+ ! l5s1 & b ! object desir$ to be repres5t$1 ! rays 7c1 c7 proce$+ f x fall ^u ! l5s1 & are transmitt$ to a po9t1 :i* v>ies ) ! curvature ( ! glass1 :]e an inv]t$ image 7d7 ( b is v accurately =m$4 ,at ?is po9t1 t]m$ ! focus1 ! s5sitive photographic mat]ial is plac$ = ! purpose ( obta9+ ! requir$ picture4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e 7hipho#f4;gif7 ,! great desid]atum 9 a photographic cam]a is p]fect l5ses4 ,!y %\ld be a*romatic1 & ! utmo/ transp>5cy %\ld be obta9$2 & "u ! close/ inspection ( ! glass n ! slighte/ wavy appe>ance1 or d>k spot %\ld be detect$2 & a curvature :i* z mu* z possible prev5ts sph]ical ab]ration %\ld be secur$4 ,! effect produc$ by ?is la/ defect is a conv]g5ce ( p]p5dicul>s1 z = in/ance2 two t[]s ( any build+1 w\ld be repres5t$ z lean+ t[>ds ea* o!r2 & 9 a portrait ! features w\ld seem contract$1 di/ort$ & m+l$ toge!r1 s z to ?r[ ! picture out ( draw+ & make x look m l a c>icature ?an a lik5ess4 ,if ! l5s be n a*romatic1 a *romatic ab]ration takes place1 :i* produces an indi/9ct1 hazy appe>ance ar\nd ! edges ( ! picture1 aris+ f ! bl5d+ ( ! rays4 ,! diamet] & focal l5g? ( a l5s mu/ dep5d 9 a great measure on ! di/ance ( ! object1 & also on ! sup]ficies ( ! plate or pap] to be cov]$4 ,= portraits "o ( #a #a_/b in*es diamet]1 & f #d #a_/b to #e #a_/b in*es focus may be us$2 b = di/ant views1 "o f #b in*es to #c in*es diamet]1 & f #h to #ab in*es focal l5g? w answ] mu* bett]4 ,= s+le l5ses1 ! ap]ture 9 front %\ld be plac$ at a di/ance f x1 correspond+ to ! diamet]1 & ( a size n m ?an "o ?ird ( ! same4 ,a v>iety ( movable diaphragms or caps1 to cov] ! ap]ture 9 front1 are v useful1 z ! int5sity ( ! light may be modifi$ by !m & m or less di/9ctness & cle>ness ( del9eation obta9$4 ,^! caps alway come ) ,voitl&] in/rum5ts & %\ld be secur$ by ! pur*as]4 ,?\gh ! s+le acromatic l5s answ]s v well = copy+ engrav+s2 tak+ views f nature or art1 = portraits ! d\ble %\ld always be us$4 ,! ext5sive manufacture ( ! mo/ approv$ cam]as1 bo? 9 ,europe & 9 ?is c\ntry1 obviates all necessity = any "o attempt+ to con/ruct "o = _! own use4 ,l5ses are n[ made s p]fect by "s artisans t1 :at is call$ ! quick work+ cam]a w take a picture 9 "o second1 :ile ! ord9>y cam]as require f eight to sixty4 ,! cam]a 9 mo/ g5]al use is t manufactur$ by ,voitl&] & ,son ( ,g]many4 ,_! small size consi/s ( two sep]ate acromatic l5ses2 ! fir/1 or ext]nal "o1 has a free ap]ture ( #a #a_/b in*es2 ! second1 or int]nal1 #a #e_/h in*es2 & bo? h ! same focus1 viz3 #e #c_/d in*es4 ,! l>g] size diff]s f ! small]4 ,! inn] l5s is an a*romatic #c #a_/d in*es diamet]1 its focal l5g? be+ #cj in*es4 ,! out] l5s is a m5iscus--t is b\nd$ by a concave & convex sph]ical surface :i* meet--hav+ a focal l5g? ( #ah in*es4 ,= e di/ant view1 ! ap]ture 9 front is contract$ by a diaphram to #a_/h ( an in*4 ,by ?is means ! light is reflect$ ) consid]able int5sity & ! cle>ness & correctness ( ! pictures are truly surpris+4 ,,! ,,am]ica in/rum5ts are con/ruct$ on ! same pr9ciple & _m ( !m are equally p]fect4 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,an?ony ( #bje ,broadway1 ,new ,york city1 has con/ruct$1 & sold cam]as fully equal to ! ,g]man & = :i* ,voitl&] in/rum5ts h be5 refus$ 9 ex*ange by ! pur*as]4 ,! ord9>y cam]a box 7see fig4 #e1 a7 v>ies 9 size to suit ! tube1 & is t]m$ m$ium1 half1 or :ole4 ,)9 ! box is a slide to assi/ 9 regulat+ ! focus1 & 9 enl>g+ or dim9i%+ ! picture4 ,9 "o end ( ?is slide is a spr+$ groove into :i* ! gr\nd-glass spectrum 7g fig4 #e7 is slid1 = ! purpose ( m conv5i5tly arrang+ ! focus4 ,aft] ! plate is prep>$ x is plac$ 9 ! hold]--p>tly se5 at e1 fig4 #e1 & cov]$ ) ! d>k slide f1 fig4 #e2 ! spectrum is !n )drawn & ! hold] takes its place1 & ! lids d1 d1 are clos$ aft] remov+ ! d>k slide f4 ,! plate is n[ ready to receive ! image1 & ! cap c may be remov$ to admit ! light into ! box4 ,a cam]a con/ruct$ by ,voitl&] is ?us describ$ by ,mr4 ,fi%]4 ,x is made entirely ( brass1 s t v>iations ( climate has no effect ^u x4 ,x is v portable & :5 pack$ 9 its box1 ) all ! necess>y app>atus & mat]ials = practis+ ! ,dagu]reotype art1 occupies b v little space4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 well adapt$ = ! ,calotype process4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g 7hipho#g4;gif7 ,! brass foot ,a 7fig4 #g471 is plac$ on a table1 or o!r firm support1 & ! pill> ,b4 screw$ into x2 ! body ( ! cam]a1 ,c1 ,c is laid into ! d\ble =k$ be>+ ,d4 ,d4 ,! in/rum5t is n[ prop]ly adju/$ by means ( ! set screws1 e1 e1 e1 9 ! brass foot1 or x may be rais$1 l[]$1 or mov$1 by ! telescope /&1 & :5 correct1 fix$ by ! screw b4 ,! l&scape to be del9eat$ is view$ ei!r ?r\gh ! small l5s1 g1 or ) ! nak$ eye on ! gr\nd glass plate ,h1 ! focus be+ adju/$ by ! screw ,i4 ,! optical "p ( ! in/rum5t consi/ ( ! small set ( a*romatic l5ses already describ$4 ,:5 ! portrait or view is del9iat$ on ! gr\nd glass to ! entire satisfaction ( ! op]ator1 ! brass cap ,l is plac$ ov] ! l5s1 & ! entire body is remov$ away into ! d>k1 tak+ c>e n to di/urb ! position ( ! /&4 ,! body is n[ deta*$ at ! "p ,h1 & ! prep>$ pap] or plate enclos$ 9 ! brass frame "w introduc$ 9 its place2 ! :ole is aga9 plac$ ^u ! p$e/al1 ! brass cap ,l is remov$1 by :i* ! pap] or plate is expos$ to ! full influ5ce ( ! light1 aft] :i* ! cap is aga9 replac$4 ,mr4 ,woodbridge1 ( ?is city1 has con/ruct$ an in/rum5t = tak+ full l5g? portraits on plates #aj by #ac in*es1 :i* is wor?y ( "s notice4 ,x is a d\ble cam]a1 consi/+ ( two boxes1 plac$ 9 a frame1 "o above ! o!r1 & s arrang$ z to slide easily up & d[n4 ,aft] ! focus has be5 adju/$1 on ! object1 9 bo? cam]as1 ! plate is put into ! upp] box1 9 ! mann] already describ$1 until ! sup]ior portion ( ! figure is complete2 x is !n plac$ 9 ! second box & ! l[] extremities obta9$4 ,! adju/m5t ( ! in/rum5t is s complete t a p]fect union ( ! p>ts is effect$ 9 ! picture )\t ! lea/ possible l9e ( dem>kation be+ visible4 ,fig4 #h gives a front view ( ?is in/rum5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h 7hipho#h4;gif7 ,fig4 #i repres5ts ,talbot's ,calotype ,cam]a1--a v beautiful in/rum5t4 ,! copy+ cam]a box has an extra slide 9 ! back end1 by :i* x may be consid]ably l5g!n$ at pleasure4 ,,ii4--,,cam]a ,,/&4--,! be/ con/ruct$ /&s are made ( maple or black walnut wood1 hav+ a ca/ iron socket 7a1 ,fig4 #ab17 ?r\gh :i* ! slid+ rod b passes1 & into :i* ! legs c1 c1 ) iron screw f]ules are ins]t$4 ,! plat=m d is made ( two pieces1 h+$ toge!r1 z at e1 & hav+ a ?umb screw = ! purpose ( elevat+ or depress+ ! in/rum5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i 7hipho#i4;gif7 ,,iii4 ,,m]cury ,,ba?4--,fig4 #ac gives a front view ( ! m]cury ba? n[ 9 g5]al use 9 ?is c\ntry = m]curializ+ & br++ out ! picture4 ,x is q an improvem5t on ^? fir/ us$4 ,to make x m portable x is 9 ?ree pieces1 a b & c2 hav+ a groove e on "o side to receive ! !rmometre tube & scale by :i* ! prop] degree ( heat+ ! m]cury is asc]ta9$4 ,into ! top are nicely fitt$ two or ?ree iron frames1 ) %\ld]s1 = ! plate to re/ 91 suitable = ! diff]5t sizes ( plates4 ,! ba? is heat$ by means ( a _s lamp plac$ "u x4 ,f two to f\r ounces ( highly purifi$ m]cury are put into ! ba? at a "t4 ,,iv4 ,,plate ,,blocks ,,& ,,vices4--,!re are sev]al k9ds ( ?is article 9 use2 ,i %all describe ! two be/ only4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj 7hipho#aj4;gif7 ,fig4 #aj gives an idea ( ! improvem5t on ! ,engli% h& block4 ,! top a is p]fectly flat & smoo?--a little small] ?an ! plate1 s z to p]mit ! latt] to project a v little all ar\nd--hav+ at opposite angles c c two clasps1 "o fix$ ! o!r moveable1 b capable ( be+ fa/5$ by ! ?umb screw d1 s z to secure ! plate tightly ^u ! block4 ,?is block turns ^u a swivle1 b1 :i* is atta*$ to ! table by ! screw c1 ,?is block is only us$ = hold+ ! plate :ile und]go+ ! fir/ op]ation 9 clean+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa 7hipho#aa4;gif7 ,fig4 #aa1 %[s ! =m ( ,lewis' newly pat5t$ plate vice1 :i* = durability1 simplicity & utility is pref]able to all o!rs4 ,x consi/s ( a simple plat=m & arm ( ca/ iron1 ! =m]1 a1 hav+ a groove1 d1 9 ! c5tre = fix+ ! diff]5t sizes ( plate b$s1 e--& ! latt] support+ ! leaves1 e f4 ,on ?is vice :i* is secur$ to a table1 or b5*1 ! plate receives its f9i%+ poli% ) r\ge1 or prep>$ lampblack4 ,mr4 ,lewis gives ! foll[+ directions = its use4 ,z ! cam we>s tight5 x ) ! adju/+ screw 7g7 s z to all[ ! lev] 7f7 to fall back into a horizontal position2 ! plate be+ 9 its place at ! "t4 ,oil ! we>+ p>ts occasionally4 ,"s ,dagu]reotypi/s1 h[ev]1 use a foot la! ) buff :eels ( v>i\s =ms2 b ?is vice is suffici5t = all ord9>y purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab 7hipho#ab4;gif7 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac 7hipho#ac4;gif7 ,v4 ,,coat+ ,,boxes4--,! usual =m = iod9e & brom9e boxes is see1 at figs4 #ad & #ae4 ,!y are f> sup]ior to ^? 9 use ) ! ,engli% op]ators4 ,ea* consi/s ( a wood5 box 7a17 hav+ firmly emb$$ )9 x a /\t glass j> 7c71 ! edges ( :i* are gr\nd4 ,ov] ?is is plac$ ! slid+ cov] b1 d\ble ! l5g? ( ! box1 "o half occupi$ by a piece ( gr\nd glass 7e71 tightly press$ ^u ! glass pot by a spr+ 7i7 b5ea? ! cross b> g1 & fits ! pot s accurately t x effectually prev5ts ! escape ( ! vapor ( ! iod9e1 brom9e or o!r accel]at+ liquid conta9$ !re94 ,! o!r half ( ! lid is cut ?r\gh1 %\ld]s be+ left at ! f\r angles = ! diff]5t sizes ( frames1 design$ to recieve ! plate :ile und]go+ ! coat+ process4 ,:5 ! plate is put into ! frame1 ! cov] b is %ov$ "u ! second lid h & :5 coat$ to ! prop] degree1 x resumes its =m] position & ! plate is plac$ 9 ! hold] ( ! cam]a box4 ,to te/ ! tightness ( ! box1 light a piece ( pap]1 put x into ! pot & cov] x ) ! slid+ lid4 ,! burn+ pap] expels ! air f ! pot1 & if x be p]fectly tight y may raise ! :ole box by ! lid4 ,,vi4 ,,glass ,,funnels4--,are a necess>y article to ! ,dagu]reotypi/1 = filt]+ wat]1 solutions1 c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad 7hipho#ad4;gif7 ,,vii4 ,,gild+ ,,/&4--,= n]v\s p]sons ! gild+ /& is a useful article4 ,x is adju/$ to a p]fect level by ?umb screws plac$ 9 its base4 ,,viii4 ,,_s ,,lamps4--,! mo/ useful & economical ( ^? made are ! ,britania1 z !y are less liable to break2 & ! tube = ! wick be+ fa/5$ to ! body by a screw r5d]s x less liable to get out ( ord] or explode4 ,glass is ! *eape/1 & = an amateur w d v well1 b = a pr(ess$ arti/ ! ,britania %\ld always be obta9$4 ,,ix4 ,,color ,,box4--,^! are g5]ally f\nd on sale at ! %ops1 & usually conta9 eight colors1 f\r bru%es & a gold cup4 ,! arti/ w\ld1 h[ev]1 d well to obta91 all ! colors m5tion$ 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ?is "w1 & be sure to get ! v be/1 z !re are v>i\s qualities ( ! same color1 p>ticul>ly c>m9e1 :i* is v exp5sive1 & ! cupidity ( "s may induce !m to sell a poor article = ! sake ( l>g] pr(its4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae 7hipho#ae4;gif7 ,,/ill4--,dagu]reotypi/s %\ld always use di/ill$ wat] = solutions1 & wa%+ ! plate1 z common wat] holds v>i\s sub/ances 9 solution :i* detract v mat]ially f ! excell5ce ( a photograph1 & (t5 gives mu* tr\ble1 q unacc\ntable to _m4 ,= ! purpose ( di/ill+ wat] ! app>atus repres5t$ at ,fig4 #af is bo? conv5i5t & economical4 ,x may be ei!r :olly ( good /\t t91 or ( %eet iron t9n$ on ! inside1 & may be us$ ov] a common fire1 or on a /ove4 ,a is ! body1 :i* may be made to hold f "o to f\r gallons ( wat]1 :i* is introduc$ at ! op5+ b1 :i* is !n /opp$ by a cork4 ,! tube d connects ! neck a ( ! /ill ) ! worm tub1 or refrig]ator ,b1 at e1 :i* is kept fill$ ) cold wat] by means ( ! funnel c1 & drawn (f z fa/ z x becomes w>m by ! cock f4 ,! di/ill$ wat] is cond5s$ 9 ! worm--& passes (f at ! cock b1 "u :i* a bottle1 or o!r vessel1 %\ld be plac$ to receive x4 ,! diff]5t jo9ts are r5d]$ tight by lute1 or 9 its abs5ce1 "s /iff pa/e spread ^u a piece ( l95 & wrapp$ ar\nd !m w answ] v well2 an addition ( seal+ wax ov] all w make !m d\bly secure4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af 7hipho#af4;gif7 ,,hygromet]4--,?is is an in/rum5t nev] to be f\nd1 ,i believe1 9 ! rooms ( our op]ators1 al?\gh x w\ld be ( mu* use to !m1 = asc]ta9+ ! quantity ( moi/ure float+ ab\t ! room2 & z x is necess>y to h ! atmosph]e z dry z possible to prev5t an undue absorption ( ?is wat]y vapor by ! iod9e c41 & to procure good pictures1--its detection becomes a matt] ( importance4 ,mason's hygromet]1 manufactur$ by ,mr4 ,roa* & sold by ,mr4 ,an?ony1 #bje ,broadway1 ,new ,york is ! be/ 9 use4 ,x consi/s ( two !rmometre tubes plac$1 side by side1 on a metalic scale1 :i* is graduat$ equally to bo? tubes4 ,! bulb ( "o ( ^! tubes communicates1 by means ( a net-"w ( cotton1 ) a glass res]voir ( wat] atta*$ to ! back ( ! scale4 ,fig4 #ag & #ah repres5t a front & back view ( ?is in/rum5t4 ,fig4 #ag is ! front view1 %[+ ! tubes ) _! respective scales2 ! bulb b be+ cov]$ ) ! network ( cotton communicat+ ) ! res]voir c fig4 #ah1 at d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag 7hipho#ag4;gif7 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah 7hipho#ah4;gif7 ,! evaporation ( ! wat] f ?is bulb decreases ! temp]ature ( ! m]cury 9 ! tube b 9 proportion to ! dryness ( ! atmosph]e1 & ! numb] ( degrees ! tube b indicates bel[ t ( ! o!r1 %[s ! real /ate ( ! atmosph]e 9 ! room2 = in/ance1 if b /&s at =ty & a at sixty-"o ! room is 9 a /ate ( extreme dryness1 ! diff]5ce ( tw5ty-"o degrees betwe5 ! !rmomet]s--let a /& at any "o po9t--gives ?is result4 ,if !y d n diff]1 or !re is only f\r or five degrees v>iation1 ! atmosph]e ( ! room is v moi/ & means %\ld be tak5 to expel ! sup]flu\s quantity4 ,,head ,,re/s4--,! button head re/ ) *air back clip1 ,a fig4 #ai--;is mu* ! be/ = travell+ arti/s1 z x c be tak5 ap>t1 into sev]al pieces & closely pack$2 is easily & firmly fix$ to ! back ( a *air by ! clamp & screw a & b1 & is readily adju/$ to ! head1 z ! buttons c1 c & arms d1 d are movable4 ,sometimes ! button re/ is fix$ to a pole1 :i* is screw$ to ! *air2 b ?is me?od is n s secure & solid z ! clip & occupies m room 9 pack+4 ,bo? ! pole & clip1 are furni%$ 9 "s cases ) brass b& re/s in/ead ( ! button2 b ! only recomm5dation ^! c possibly possess 9 ! eyes ( any arti/1 is _! *eapness4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai 7hipho#ai4;gif7 ,= a ,dagu]reotypi/ p]man5tly locat$ ! indep5d5t iron head-re/1 ,b fig4 #ai1 is ! mo/ pref]able1 pr9cipally on acc\nt ( its solidity4 ,x is entirely ( iron1 is support$ by a tripod 7a7 ( ! same metal & c be elevat$ by means ( a rod 7b7 pass+ ?r\gh ! body ( ! tripod1 to a height suffici5t = a p]son1 /&+1 to re/ aga9/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj 7hipho#bj4;gif7 ,,galvanic ,,batt]y4--,?is article is us$ = ! purpose ( giv+ to imp]fectly coat$ plates a ?ick] cov]+ ( silv]4 ,! =m ( batt]y n[ mo/ univ]sally employ$ = electrotype1 & o!r galvanic purposes1 is ,smee's--,fig4 #bj4 ,x consi/s ( a piece ( plat9iz$ silv]1 ,a1 on ! top ( :i* is fix$ a beam ( wood1 ,b1 to prev5t contact ) ! silv]4 ,a b9d+ screw ,c is sold]$ on to ! silv] plate to connect x ) any desir$ object1 by means ( ! copp] wire1 e4 ,a plate ( amalgamat$ z9c1 ,d1 v>y+ ) ! fancy ( ! op]ator f "o half to ! entire wid? ( ! silv] is plac$ on ea* side ( ! wood4 ,?is is set into a glass vessel1 ,p1--! extreme ends ( ! wood re/+ ^u its edge--on :i* ! acid ) :i* x is *>g$ has no effect4 ,! j> is *>g$ ) sulphuric acid1 7common oil ( vitriol7 dilut$ 9 eight p>ts its bulk ( wat]4 ,! z9c plates ( ! batt]y h be5 amalgamat$ ) quicksilv]1 & :5 ! batt]y is set into ! j> ( acid !re %\ld be no action p]ciev$ ^u !m :5 ! poles ,f1 ,g1 are n 9 contact4 ,%\ld any action be p]ciev$1 x indicates imp]fect amalgamation2 ?is c be easily rem$i$ by p\r+ a little m]cury ^u !m imm$iately aft] remov+ !m f ! acid1 tak+ c>e to get none ^u ! c5tre plate ,a4 ,directions = use4--,a %eet ( silv] mu/ be atta*$ to ! wire connect$ ) ! c5tre plate ,a ( ! batt]y1 & plac$ 9 ! silv] solution--prep>$ z direct$ bel[4 ,! plate to be silv]$ is fir/ clean$ ) dilut$ sulphuric acid1 & !n atta*$ to ! wire1 ,g1 proce$+ f ! z9c plates ,d1 ,d1 & plac$ 9 ! silv] solution1 opposite ! silv] plate atta*$ to ! pole ,f1 & ab\t half an in* f x4 ,a slight eff]vesc5ce w n[ be p]ciev$ f ! batt]y1 & ! silv] w be deposit$ ^u ! ,dagu]reotype plate1 :ile at ! same "t a portion ( ! silv] plate is dissolv$4 ,to prep>e ! solution ( silv]4--,dissolve "o ounce ( *loride ( silv] 9 a solution ( two ounces ( cyanide ( potassium1 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 "o qu>t ( wat]4 ,! oxide ( silv] may be us$ in/ead ( ! *loride4 ,?is solution is put into a tumbl]1 or o!r vessel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba 7hipho#ba4;gif7 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb 7hipho#bb4;gif7 ,?is batt]y ) ! necess>y articles = us+ x may be obta9$ ( ,e4 ,an?ony1 #bje ,broadway1 ,new ,york city4 ,! o!r articles requir$ by e op]ator may be simply enum]at$1 viz3 ,/ick+1 or seal+ pap]4 ,a pair ( pli]s1 or =ceps4 ,porcela9 pans or di%es1 = apply+ ! hyposulphite ( soda & wa%+ aft] ! imag9e is fix$1 some?+ 9 =m l fig4 #bc4 ,a support = hold+ ! plate :ile be+ wa%$1 l fig4 #bd4 ,updat]'s note3 ,figures #bc & #bd 7 miss+ f ! image set4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be 7hipho#be4;gif7 ,,buff ,,/icks4--,fig4 #be4--,^! are usually f "o to ?ree feet 9 l5g?1 & ab\t ?ree in*es wide--"s ?9k two & a half suffici5t4 ,! und]side1 :i* is convex1 is cov]$ ) a /rip ( f9ely prep>$ bucksk91 or velvet1 well padd$ ) cotton or t[4 ,all ! articles enum]at$ 9 ?is *apt] may be obta9$1 ( ! v be/ quality & at ! mo/ reasonable rates1 ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,an?ony1 #bje1 ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,dagu]reotype ,,process4 ,! process ( tak+ ,dagu]reotype pictures diff]s v mat]ially f all o!rs ( ! photographic art1 inasmu* z ! production ( ! image is effect$ ^u plates ( copp] coat$ ) silv]4 ,! silv] employ$ %\ld be z pure z possible2 ! ?ickness ( ! plate is ( little consequ5ce1 provid$ !re be suffici5t silv] to be> ! clean+ & poli%+--is free f copp] spots1 is susceptible ( a high poli%1 an exquisitely s5sitive coat+ & a pleas+ tone4 ,^! qualities are possess$ to an em95t degree by ! ,fr5* plates4 ,hav+ already enum]at$ ! v>i\s processes--& ! app>atus necess>y = ! manipulation1 ,i w "h give a li/ ( ! *emicals to be us$1 & !n proce$ to expla9 !m m fully4 ,! requisite *emicals are-- ,,nitric ,,acid1 ,,r\ge1 ,,dry ,,iod9e1 ,,m]cury1 ,,dry+ ,,p[d]1 ,,hyposulphite ,,( ,,soda1 ,,cyanide ,,( ,,potassium1 ,,*loride ,,( ,,gold2 ,,or ,,rott5/one1 ,,hyposulphite ,,( ,,gold4 ,,tripoli1 ,,*loride ,,( ,,silv]4 ,,*loride ,,( ,,iod9e1 _! comp\nds1 or o!r ,,brom9e accel]at+ mixtures4 ,,fir/ ,,op]ation4--,clean+ & poli%+ ! plate4--,= ?is purpose ! op]ator w require !-- ,plate ,blocks1 ,plate ,vice ,_s ,lamp1 ,poli%+ ,buffs1 ,nitric ,acid1 dilut$ 9 fifte5 times its bulk ( wat] ,galvanic ,batt]y1 to galvanize ! plate1 if x is too imp]fect to be us$ )\t1 previ\s clean+ x1 z direct$ 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,rott5/one1 ,tripoli1 :i* is too (t5 disp5s$ )4 ,r\ge1 or lampblack--! fir/ be+ mo/ pref]able4 ,! ,engli% op]ators mix ! two toge!r4 ,prep>$ cotton ,wool1 or ,canton flannel4 ,if ! fir/ is us$1 x %\ld be exclud$ f ! du/1 z x is n s easily cleans$ z ! latt]4 ,! plate is secur$1 ) its silv] side upw>d1 to ! block1 by ! means describ$ on page #eh--;hav+ previ\sly turn$ ! edges backw>d all ar\nd4 ,! am\nt ( clean+ a plate requires1 dep5ds ^u ! /ate x is 94 ,we w suppose "o 9 ! wor/ condition2 dirty1 scrat*$1 & full ( m]cury spots1 all ( :i* imp]fections are m or less to be enc\nt]$4 ,! m]cury spots are to be remov$ by burn+ ! plate4 ,to d ?is hold ! plate ov] ! flame ( a _s lamp1 m p>ticul>ly "u ! m]cury spots1 until !y1 assume a dull appe>ance1 :5 ! lamp is to be remov$1 & ! plate all[$ to cool1 aft] :i* x is atta*$ to ! block4 ,place ! block ^u ! swivle1 & hold x firmly ) ! left h&2 take a small knot or pellet ( cotton1 or1 if y l x bett]1 a small piece ( canton flannel--wet x ) a little dilut$ nitric acid2 !n sift "s f9ely prep>$ rott5/one--,davie's199 if y c get x--^u x1 & rub x ov] ! plate ) a cont9ual circul> motion1 till all traces ( ! dirt & scrat*es are remov$2 !n wipe (f ! rott5/one ) a clean piece ( cotton1 adopt+1 z be=e1 a slight circul> motion1 at ! same "t wip+ ! edges ( ! plate4 ,ev5 ! back %\ld n be neglect$1 b ?r\ghly cleans$ f any dirt or greasy film x may h receiv$ f h&l+4 99 ,sold by ,e4 ,an?ony4 ,:5 ?is is ?or\ghly accompli%$1 mix a portion ( y\r tripoli ) ! dilute nitric acid1 to ! consi/5ce ( ?ick cream4 ,!n take a pellet ( cotton & well poli% ! plate ) ?is mixture1 9 ! same mann] z ) ! rott5/one4 ,cont9ue ! process till1 on remov+ ! tripoli ) a clean pellet1 ! plate exhibits a cle>1 smoo?1 bright surface1 free f all spots1 or scrat*es4 ,any rema9s ( ! acid on ! plate may be entirely remov$ ,by sift+ on x a little ,dry+ p[d]1 & !n wip+ x c>efully (f ) a f9e camels hair bru%1 or du/]4 ,! f9i%+ poli% is n[ to be giv54 ,= ?is purpose ! r\ge--or a mixture ( r\ge & lamp-black1 9 ! proportion ( "o "p ( ! =m] to sev5 ( ! latt]--is us$4 ,x %\ld be kept ei!r 9 a musl9 bag1 or wide m\? bottle1 ov] :i* a piece ( musl9 is ti$--9 fact1 bo? ! rott5/one & tripoli %\ld be pres]v$ f ! du/ 9 ! same mann]4 ,) a little ( ?is p[d] spread ov] ! buff--describ$ on page #ec--! plate recieves its f9al poli%2 ! circul> motion is *ang$ = a /raight "o across ! plate1 :i*1 if int5d$ = a portrait1 %\ld be buff$ ! n>r[ way2 b if1 = a l&scape or view ( a h\se1 ! l5g? way ( ! plate4 ,! op]ation ( clean+ ! plate at fir/ appe>s difficult & t$i\s1 & _m h be5 det]r$ f attempt+ ?is int]e/+ art on t acc\nt2 b1 9 reality1 x is m simple 9 practice ?an 9 description1 & ) a little pati5ce & obs]vation1 all difficulties are easily ov]come4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep ! buff free f all extrane\s matt]1 & p]fectly dry1 & :5 n 9 use x %\ld be wrapp$ up 9 tissue pap]1 or plac$ 9 a tight box4 ,! plate %\ld be buff$ imm$iately be=e ! s5sitive coat+ is giv52 p>ticles ( du/ are ?us effectually remov$2 ! temp]ature ( ! plate is also increas$ by ! friction1 & ! requir$ t9t m readily obta9$4 ,,second ,,op]ation4--,apply+ ! s5sative coat+4--,! app>atus & *emicals requir$1 are an ,iod9e box--see fig4 #ad page #ec4 ,brom9e box--simil> to ! iod9e box b a trifle deep]4 ,dry ,iod9e4 ,brom9e1 or a comp\nd ( ,brom9e & ,*loride ( ,iod9e1 or o!r s5sitive mixture4 ,mo/ ( our be/ op]ators use ! comp\nd ,brom9e & ,*loride ( ,iod9e4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,dagu]reotype1 ,iod9e alone 0 us$ 9 prep>+ ! plate1 & al?\gh x /ill plays a v important "p1 o!r prep>ations1 call$ accel]at+ liquids1 quick/uff1 c41 are us$1 & ! discov]y ( :i* has alone ensur$ ! application ( ! ,dagu]reotype successfully to portrait tak+--= :5 fir/ introduc$ among u x took f five to t5 m9utes to produce a tol]able good view1 :ile n[ b ! fraction ( a m9ute is requir$ to obta9 an accurate lik5ess4 ,to iodize ! plate p]fectly x mu/ be plac$ ov] ! iod9e vapor imm$iately aft] buff+4 ,scatt] f a sixte5? to ! eigh? ( an ounce ( dry iod9e ov] ! bottom ( y\r coat+ box1 & slightly cov] x ) cotton wool4 ,! plate is !n dropp$ into ! frame b1 fig4 #ab1 ) its silv]$ surface d[nw>d1 & ?ru/ "u ! lid h4 ,! bright surface ( ! plate is soon coat$ ) a film ( iod9e ( a f9e yell[ color2 x is !n remov$ & plac$ ov] ! accel]at+ solution4 ,x is n absolutely necess>y to p]=m ?is op]ation 9 ! d>k1 al?\gh a bright light %\ld be avoid$4 ,n s ! next "p ( ! process1 viz2 giv+ ! plate its extreme s5sitiv5ess1 or coat+ ) ! accel]at+ liquids4 ,9 ?is great caution %\ld be us$ to prev5t ! slighte/ ray ( light impr++ directly on ! plate1 & 9 exam9+ ! color reflect$ light %\ld always be us$4 ,a conv5i5t me?od ( exam9+ ! plate1 is to make a small hole 9 ! p>tition ( ! closet 9 :i* y coat1 & cov] x ) a piece ( tissue pap]2 by quickly turn+ ! plate s t ! pap] is reflect$ ^u x ! color is v di/9ctly %[n4 ,mo/ ( our op]ators are n s p>ticul> 9 ?is respect z !y %\ld be4 ,,accel]at+ ,,liquid4--,( ^! !re are sev]al k9ds1 :i* diff] bo? 9 composition & action--"s act+ v quickly1 o!rs giv+ a f9] tone to ! picture al?\gh !y are n s exp$iti\s 9 !re op]ations2 or 9 o!r words1 n s s5sitive to ! action ( light4 ,^! are adopt$ by ,dagu]reotypi/s accord+ to _! ta/es & prejudices4 ,!y are all appli$ 9 ! same way z ! coat+ ( iod9e4 ,! foll[+ are ! be/4 ,brom9e wat]--,?is solution is mu* us$ 9 ,france1 &1 ,i %all !re=e give its prep>ation1 & ! me?od ( us+ x1 9 ! words ( ,m4 ,figeau4 ,put into a bottle ( pure wat]1 a l>ge excess ( brom9e2 %ake ! mixture well1 & be=e us+ x1 let all ! brom9e be tak5 up4 ,an asc]ta9$ quantity ( ?is saturat$ wat] is !n dilut$ 9 a giv5 quantity ( di/ill$ wat]1 :i* gives a solution ( brom9e t is always id5tical4 ,m4 ,figeau recomm5ds "o "p ( ! saturat$ solution to ?irty p>ts its bulk ( wat]2 b ,m4 ,leseb\r f9ds x m manageable if dilut$ ) =ty times4 ,9 case pure di/ill$1 or ra9 wat] _c be procur$1 a few drops ( nitric acid--say six to ! qu>t--%\ld be add$ to ! common wat]4 ,put into ! brom9e box a giv5 quantity ( ?is solution1 suffici5t to well cov] ! bottom2 ! plate1 hav+ be5 iodiz$ to a deep yell[1 is plac$ ov] x2 ! "t ! plate %\ld be expos$ mu/ be asc]ta9$ by mak+ a few trials2 x av]ages f twelve to =ty seconds4 ,:5 once asc]ta9$1 x is ! same = any numb] ( plates1 z ! solution1 :i* ( c\rse w\ld become weak] & weak]1 is *ang$ aft] e op]ation1 ! same quantity be+ always put into ! pot4 ,*loride ( ,iod9e4--,?is is prep>$ by introduc+ *lor9e gass into a glass vessel conta9+ iod9e2 ! iod9e is liquifi$1 & ! above nam$ comp\nd is ! result4 ,op]ators ne$ n1 h[ev]1 be at ! tr\ble & exp5se ( prep>+ x1 z x c be obta9$ p]fectly pure ( ,mr4 ,an?ony1 #bje ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y41 z also all ( ! *emicals h]e9 enum]at$4 ,! comp\nd is dilut$ ) di/ill$ wat]1 & ! plate submitt$ to its action till x is ( a rose color4 ,*loride ( iod9e alone1 is seldom if ev] us$ n[ by ,am]ican op]ators1 z x does n suffici5tly come up to _! locomotive pr9ciple ( progression4 ,! next is also es*ew$ by ! majority1 al?\gh _m ( our be/ arti/s use no o!r1 on acc\nt ( ! v f9e tone x gives to pictures4 ,bromide ( ,iod9e4--,?is is a comp\nd ( brom9e & *loride ( iod9e4 ,9 mix+ x1 mu* dep5ds ^u ! /r5g? ( ! +r$i5ts2 an equal portion ( ea* be+ g5]ally us$4 ,p]haps ! be/ me?od ( prep>+ x1 is to make a solution 9 alcohol ( half an ounce ( *loride ( iod9e1 & add ! brom9e drop by drop1 until ! mixture becomes ( a d>k r$ color2 !n dilute ) di/ill$ wat]1 till x assumes a bright yell[4 ,put ab\t half an ounce ( ?is comp\nd into ! pot1 & coat ov] x to a violet color1 *ange ! solution :5 x becomes too weak to produce ! desir$ effect4 ,ano!r4--,mix half an ounce ( brom9e ) "o ounce ( *loride ( iod9e1 add two qu>ts pure di/ill$ wat]1 %ake x well & let x /& = twelve h\rs !n add tw5ty-five drops ( muriatic acid1 & let x /& ano!r twelve h\rs1 occasionally %ak+ x up well4 ,dilute six p>ts ( ?is solution 9 sixte5 ( wat]4 ,coat ov] dry iod9e to a deep yell[1 !n ov] ! s5sitive to a deep rose color--approa*+ purple--!n back1 ov] dry iod9e f f\r to eight seconds4 ,roa*'s ,tripple ,comp\nd4--,?is is "o ( ! v be/ s5sitive solutions1 & is v popul> among ,dagu]reotypi/s4 ,to use ?is1 take "o "p 9 weight1 say "o dra*m1 ( ! comp\nd & dilute x ) twelve ( wat]2 coat ov] dry iod9e to yell[1 !n ov] ! comp\nd to a rosy r$4 ,! effect 9 ! cam]a is quick1 & produces a picture ( a f9e :ite tone4 ,gurney's ,s5sitive4--,?is is ano!r prep>ation ( brom9e1 & gives a f9e tone4 ,to two p>ts ( wat] add "o ( ! s5sitive1 & put j suffici5t 9 ! box to cov] ! bottom1 or enable y to coat 9 f eight to t5 seconds4 ,coat ov] dry iod9e to a d>k yell[1 & ov] ! quick till y see a good *ange1 !n back ov] ! dry iod9e f two to ?ree seconds4 ,bromide ( ,lime1 or ,dry ,s5sitive4--,?is is a comp\nd b rec5tly introduc$1 & is becom+ some:at ( x favorite1 ow+ pr9cipally to ! slight tr\ble x gives 9 its prep>ation1 & ! tone x imp>ts to ! picture4 ,to prep>e x1 fill y\r j> ab\t half or qu>t] full ( dry slack$ lime1 !n drop into x brom9e1 till x becomes a bright orange r$4 ,! plate is g5]ally coat$ ov] ?is comp\nd1 aft] ! iod9e coat+ to yell[1 to a violet1 or plum color2 b x w "w well "u any circum/ances1 ! color be+ ( little consequ5ce1 if coat$ f ?irty to n9ety seconds1 accord+ to its /r5g?4 ,mead's ,accel]ator4--,i m]ely m5tion ?is z be+ 9 ! m>ket1 n kn[+ any ?+ 9 reg>d to its m]its4 ,! directions giv5 = its use are z foll[s3 ,mix "o-?ird ( a bottle ) a w9e glass full ( wat]1 coat ! plate ov] dry iod9e to a d>k gold color1 !n ov] ! accel]ator to a violet1 !n back ov] dry iod9e1 or *loride ( iod9e1 f ?ree to five seconds4 ,*loride ( ,brom9e4--,m4 ,biss\1 a ,fr5* exp]im5tali/1 has f\nd t brom9e associat$ ) *lor9e1 prep>$ 9 a simil> mann] to *loride ( iod9e1 already describ$1 a solution ( brom9e be+ sub/itut$ = ! iod9e1 is a v s5sitive solution2 by means ( x dagu]reotype pro(s are obta9$ 9 half a second1 &1 ?us v fugitive subjects are repres5t$1 mak+ x ! v be/ comp\nd = tak+ *ildr54 ,s quick is its op]ation1 t ev5 p]sons or animals may be tak5 9 ! act ( walk+4 ,hung>ian ,liquid4--,?is1 ,i believe1 has nev] be5 us$ "h1 or import$ into ?is c\ntry1 & ! composition ( x is n g5]ally kn[n1 ev5 9 ,europe1 :]e x has tak5 prec$5ce ( all o!rs4 ,x acts quickly & ) consid]able c]ta9ty4 ,x is us$ by dilut+ x ) f t5 to fifte5 times its bulk ( wat]1 putt+ a suffici5t quantity into ! j> to cov] ! bottom4 ,! plate be+ previ\sly iodiz$ to a light yell[1 is submitt$ to ?is mixture till x assumes a light rose t9t4 ,brom9e & ,fluoric ,acid1 9 comb9ation1 are us$ by "s ,dagu]rean arti/s z a s5sitive1 b any ( ! above comp\nds are bett]2 besides ?is1 ! fluoric acid is a dang]\s poison1 & ! quick made f x w n repay ! risk to ! heal? 9 us+ x4 ,z ,i h be=e said1 great caution %\ld be obs]v$ 9 exam9+ ! color ( ! plate1 ev5 by ! feeble light all[$1 :i*1 :5 atta9$1 mu/ be imm$iately plac$ 9 ! hold] belong+ to ! cam]a & cov]$ ) ! d>k slide4 ,y !n pass to ! ,,?ird ,,op]ation4--,submitt+ ! ,plate to ! action ( ,light 9 ! ,cam]a4--,exp]i5ce alone mu/ guide ! op]ator z to ! "t ! plate %\ld be expos$ to ! influ5ce ( ! light2 ?is be+ dep5d5t on a v>iety ( circum/ances1 z cle>ness ( ! atmosph]e--& "h1 a ref]5ce to ! hygromet] w be ( advantage--"t ( day1 object to be tak51 & ! degree ( s5sitiv5ess imp>t$ to ! plate by ! quick/uff4 ,z ,i h be=e said1 ! arti/ %\ld be c>eful to see t ! int]ior ( ! cam]a is clean & free f du/1 z ! small p>ticles fly+ ab\t1 or set 9 motion by ! slid+ ( ! hold] into ! box1 atta* !mselves to ! plate1 & cause ! little black spots1 by :i* an o!rwise good picture is frequ5tly spoil$4 ,c>e %\ld also be tak5 9 )draw+ ! d>k slide1 9 front ( ! plate1 f ! hold]1 z ! same effect may be produc$ by a too ha/y movem5t4 ,! l5s is ! la/ ?+ to be uncov]$1 by )draw+ ! cap c4 fig4 #e41 :i* %\ld n be done until y h plac$ ! sitt] 9 ! mo/ desirable position4 ,:51 accord+ to ! judgm5t & exp]i5ce ( ! op]ator1 ! plate has rema9$ long en\gh to receive a good impression1 ! cap is replac$ ov] ! l5s1 & ! d>k slide ov] ! plate1 :i* is !n remov$ f ! cam]a4 ,dagu]reotypi/s g5]ally m>k "t by _! wat*es1 arriv+ at ! ne>e/ possible p]iod = produc+ a good picture by mak+ sev]al trials4 ,z a ready me?od ( m>k+ %ort int]vals ( "t is1 h[ev]1 a v important consid]ation1 & z any in/rum5t :i* w enable an arti/ to arrive at ! exact p]iod1 mu/ be an improvem5t1 & wor?y ( univ]sal adoption1 ,i w "h describe "o inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,con/able ( ,engl&1 :i* he calls a ,s& ,clock1 or ,"t ,keep]4--,x consi/s ( a glass tube1 ab\t twelve in*es long1 by "o 9 diamet]1 half fill$ ) f9e s&1 simil> to t us$ = ! ord9>y m9ute glasses1 &1 l !m1 x has a diaphram1 ) a small hole 9 ! c5tre ?r\gh :i* ! s& runs4 ,! tube is atta*$ to a bo>d :i* revolves on a c5tre p92 on ! side is a graduat$ scale1 divid$ into half seconds2 ! tube is also provid$ ) a moveable index4 ,?is in/rum5t is atta*$1 9 a conspicu\s place1 to ! wall4 ,! glass tube be+ revolv$ on its c5tre1 ! index is set to ! numb] ( half seconds requir$1 & ! s& runn+ d[n1 ! requir$ "t is m>k$ )\t ! possibility ( error4 ,9 practice x w be f\nd to be a f> m conv5i5t in/rum5t = ! purpose ?an ei!r a clock or a seconds wat*1 & is applicable bo? = ! cam]a & m]cury box4 ,if ! arti/ f9ds x desirable or necess>y to take ! object to be copi$ 9 its "r position1 t is rev]se ! image on ! spectrum1 he c d s by atta*+ a mirror 7:i* may be _h ( ,mr4 ,an?ony1 or ,mr4 ,roa*7 to ! cam]a tube1 at an angle ( =ty-five degrees4 ,if1 aft] tak+ ! plate f ! cam]a1 x be exam9$1 no picture w yet be visible1 b ?is is br\ght ab\t by ! ,,f\r? ,,process4--,br++ out ! ,picture1 or r5d]+ x ,visible4--,we n[ come to ! use ( ! m]cury ba?1 ,fig4 #aa4 ,to ! ba? a !rmomet] is atta*$1 to indicate ! prop] degree ( beat requir$1 :i* %\ld nev] be rais$ above #agj deg4 ,fahr5heit4 ,! plate maybe put into "o ( ! frames 7see ,fig4 #aa17 ov] ! m]cury1 face d[nw>ds1 & exam9$ f "t to "t1 by simply rais+ x ) ! f+]s1 or a pair ( ply]s4 ,?is op]ation1 z well z ! o!rs1 %\ld take place 9 ! d>k closet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf 7hipho#bf4;gif7 ,updat]'s note3 hipho#bf4;gif & hipho#bg4;gif are bo? caption$ ,figure #bg4 ,sometimes1 to prev5t ! necessity ( rais+ ! plate1 an additional cov] or top is made use (4 ,x consi/s ( a box fitt$ closely to ! inn] rim ( ! ba?1 & hav+ an incl9$ top 7a1 ,fig4 #bg47 ,! top is cut ?r\gh & fitt$ ) frames = ea* size ( plate1 l ^? already describ$1 & 9 ! back is a piece ( glass 7b17 ?r\gh :i* to view ! progress ( m]curialization1 & an additional piece 7c17 on "o side1 color$ yell[1 to admit ! light4 ,! outl9e only ( ! top is "h giv51 9 ord] to %[ e portion ( x at "o view4 ,! picture1 be+ fully develop$1 is n[ tak5 out & exam9$2 x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be expos$ to too /rong a light4 ,if any gl>+ defects be p]ceiv$1 x is bett] n to proce$ ) x1 b place x on "o side to be re-poli%$2 if1 on ! contr>y1 x appe>s p]fect1 y may advance to ! ,,fif? ,,op]ation4--,fix+ ! ,image s t ! light c no long] act ^u x4--,! foll[+ articles are requir$ = ?is purpose3 ,two or ?ree porcela9 or glass di%es1 9 =m1 some?+ l fig4 #bd4 ,a plate support1 fig4 #be4 ,few1 ,i believe1 n[ make use ( ?is1 al?\gh x is a v conv5i5t article4 ,hyposulphite ( ,soda1 ,a pair ( ,ply]s4 ,9 ,europe1 !y also use a dry+ app>atus1 ,fig4 #bg1 b ?is1 l ! plate support1 is a matt] ( little consequ5ce1 & may be disp5s$ )4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 describe x1 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o may wi% to use x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg 7hipho#bg4;gif7 ,updat]'s note3 hipho#bf4;gif & hipho#bg4;gif are bo? caption$ ,figure #bg4 ,a vessel made ( copp] or brass1 t9n$ inside1 & l>ge en\gh to take 9 ! l>ge/ plate1 b n m ?an half an in* wide1 is ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,x mu/ be kept p]fectly clean4 ,hot di/ill$ wat] is p\r$ into x1 & ! temp]ature kept up by a _s lamp4 ,hyposulphite ( ,soda4--,hav+ made a solution ( hyposulphite ( soda1 & well filt]$ x--! /r5g? is immat]ial2 ab\t half an ounce ( ! salt to a p9t ( di/ill$ wat] is suffici5t--p\r x into "o ( ! porcela9 di%es1 put into ano!r pla91 & into a ?ird di/ill$ wat]4 ,imm]se ! plate ) its face d[nw>ds into ! hyposulphite1 & ! :ole ( ! s5sitive is remov$1 & ! light has no f>!r action ^u x2 x is !n to be remov$ f ! hyposulphite & plung$ into ! pla9 wat]1 or plac$ ^u ! support1 fig4 #be1 & ! wat] p\r$ ov] x4 ,x is !n wa%$ 9 a simil> mann] ) ! di/ill$ wat] & well exam9$1 to see t n ! slighte/ p>ticle ( du/ re/s on ! surface4 ,! next /ep is to dry x4 ,?is may be readily accompli%$ by hold+ ! plate ) y\r ply]s1 & p\r+ di/ill$ wat] ov] x--if x is hot1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,apply ! _s lamp to ! back1 at ! corn] held by ! ply]s1 at ! same "t facilitat+ ! op]ation ) ! brea?2 pass ! lamp gradually d[nw>ds1 f9i%+ at ! extreme corn]4 ,! la/ drop may n[ be remov$ by a little bibul\s pap]4 ,a s+le drop1 ev51 ( di/ill$ wat] all[$ to dry on any "p ( ! surface1 is c]ta9 to leave a /a9 :i* no aft] process c remove4 ,to illu/rate ! necessity = hav+ p]fectly clean wat]1 & free f all =eign matt]--only to be avoid$ by us+ t :i* is di/ill$--9 ^! processes1 ,i w relate a little anecdote4 ,an op]ator 9 ?is city 7,new ,york7 frequ5tly made compla9t to me1 t 8 plates 7 occasionally v bad2 com+ out all ov] 9 little black & :ite spots & spoil+ _m v good pictures1 regrett+ at ! same "t t p]fect plates 7 n made1 = he _h lo/ _m cu/om]s 9 consequ5ce ( ^! defects4 ,^! compla9ts be+ some:at p]iodical1 ,i sugge/$ t ! fault might be 9 ! hyposulphite1 or *loride ( gold solutions1 or p>ticles ( du/ float+ ab\t 9 ! room1 & n 9 ! plate4 ,a few days aft] he /at$1 t 8 plates hav+ s]v$ him aga9 9 ! same way1 he procur$ a fre% supply ( hyposulphite ( soda & *loride ( gold1 b aft] apply+ !m ! result 0 no bett]4 ,he !n1 by my advice1 ?or\ghly clean$ 8 wa% di%es1 bottles & wat] pail1 made fre% solutions & _h no fur!r tr\ble1 becom+ satisfi$ t ! plates suff]$ an undue %>e ( c5sure4 ,,six? ,,process4--,gild+ ! ,picture4--,?is is an improvem5t ! honor ( :i* is due to ,m4 ,figeau1 & may take place ei!r be=e ! dry+ process1 or at any subsequ5t p]iod2 b x improves ! picture s mat]ially t x %\ld nev] be neglect$4 ,! articles necess>y = gild+ are-- ,a ,pair ( ,ply]s2 or a ,gild+ ,/& 7see fig4 #ai7 & ,*loride ( ,gold2 or ,hyposulphite ( ,gold4 ,! latt] is import$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,an?ony1 #bje ,broadway1 ,new ,york1 & is decid$ly ! be/ article = ! purpose4 ,"o bottle simply dissolv$ 9 a qu>t ( wat] w make a v /rong solution1 & gives a ri*ness to ! picture impossible to be obta9$ f ! *loride ( gold4 ,! process is precisely simil> to t describ$ bel[ = *loride ( gold1 tak+ c>e to cease ! mom5t ! bubbles are well def9$ ov] ! surface ( ! plate4 ,_m ,dagu]reotypi/s1 aft] a sup]ficial trial1 disc>d ! hyposulphite ( gold z inf]ior2 b ,i h no hesitation 9 ass]t+ t ! fault lies ) !mselves2 = 9 e case )9 my k1 :]e its use has be5 p]si/$ 9 until ! correct me?od has be5 asc]ta9$ & ! nature ( ! gild+ has become famili>1 x is always pref]r$4 ,9 illu/ration ( ?is fact ,i w relate an anecdote3 ,a g5tleman to :om x _h be5 recomm5d$1 pur*as$ a bottle1 & aft] mak+ "o or two trials ( x1 wrote to 8 correspond5t--,s5d me two bottles ( *loride ( gold1 = ,i want no m ( ! hyposulphite2 x is good = no?+4 ,a few weeks aft] he s5t = ?ree bottles ( ! condemn$ article1 confess+ t he _h f\nd fault unnecess>ily2 =1 t s9ce he _h become famili> to its use1 he mu/ ackn[l$ge its sup]iority1 & w\ld use no o!r gild+4 ,! ,solution ( ,*loride ( ,gold is prep>$ by dissolv+ 9 a p9t ( di/ill$ wat]1 fifte5 gra9s ( *ry/aliz$ *loride ( gold4 ,?is solution w be ( a yell[ t9t4 ,9 ano!r p9t ( di/ill$ wat] dissolve fifty-five gra9s ( hyposulphite ( soda2 p\r gradually1 9 v small quantities1 ! gold into ! hyposulphite ( soda1 /irr+ ! solution at int]vals2 :5 f9i%$ ! mixture %\ld be ne>ly colorless4 ,place ! plate on its /&1 or hold x 9 ! ply]s1 9 a p]fectly horizontal position--silv] surface upw>d--hav+ previ\sly slightly turn$ up ! edges1 s t x may hold ! solution4 ,wet ! surface ) alcohol1 lett+ any sup]flu\s quantity dra9 (f4 ,! alcohol is ( no f>!r use ?an to facilitate ! fl[+ ( ! gold mixture ov] ! surface4 ,n[ p\r on1 c>efully1 z mu* ( ! prep>ation ( gold z w rema9 on ! plate4 ,! "u "p ( ! plate is !n to be heat$ z uni=mly z possible ) ! _s lamp2 small bubbles w arise1 & ! appe>ance ( ! portrait or view v s5sibly improv$4 ,! process mu/ n be c>ri$ too f>1 b z soon z ! bubbles disappe> ! lamp %\ld be remov$1 & ! plate imm]s$ 9 di/ill$ wat]1 & dri$ z be=e direct$4 #g?4 ,,color+ ,,! ,,picture4--,i v mu* d\bt ! propriety ( color+ ! dagu]reotypes1 z ,i am ( op9ion1 t !y are little1 if any1 improv$ by ! op]ation1 at lea/ z x is n[ g5]ally practis$4 ,!re are sev]al ?+s requisite 9 an arti/ to enable him to color a head1 or ev5 a l&scape effectively1 & correctly1 & ,i mu/ say t v few ( ^! are possess$ by our op]ators z a class4 ,^! requirem5ts are1 a tal5t = draw+--ta/e--due discrim9ation ( effect--/rict obs]vance ( ! *>act]i/ic po9ts 9 ! features ( ! subject--quick p]ception ( ! beautiful1 & a k ( ! art ( mix+ colors1 & bl5d+ t9ts4 ,! me?od n[ pursu$1 ,i d n hesitate to say1 & h no fe>s ( be+ contradict$ by ^? capable ( critisiz+ is on ! :ole ru9\s to any dagu]reotype1 & to a p]fect "o absolutely disgu/+4 ,! day may come :5 accurate color+ may be obta9$ 9 ! cam]a4 ,until t day1 if we _c lead ta/e into ! "r *annel1 we w endeavor to give su* in/ructions t ,dagu]reotypi/s may proce$ ) ?is "p ( 8 "w ) a bett] und]/&+ ( ! pr9ciples involv$4 ,= ?is purpose ,i h prep>$ a %ort *apt] on ! art ( color+1 :i* may be f\nd 9 ! latt] "p ( ?is volume4 ,to ,pres]ve ,dagu]reotypes !y mu/ be well seal$ & secur$ 9 a case1 or frame4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 are select$ accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! cu/om]1 ! pr9cipal requisite be+ good glass4 ,mo/ ,dagu]reotypi/s pref] ! :ite ,fr5* plate glass--& _m ?9k1 v errone\sly1 t none is good unless x is ?ick--b ! great desid]atum is cle>ness & fre$om f bli/]s2 ev5 glass a little t+$ ) gre5 or yell[ is to be pref]r$ to ! ,fr5* plate :5 cl\dy or bli/]$ & !re is v little ( x comes to ?is m>ket t is n s4 ,x is to be hop$ t "s ( our glass factories w manage to manufacture an article expressly = dagu]reotypes2 & ,i w\ld recomm5d !m to d s1 = !y w\ld f9d x q an item ( pr(it annually4 ,be=e enclos+ ! picture 9 ! case y %\ld be c>eful to wipe ! glass p]fectly clean1 & bl[ f ! picture any p>ticles ( du/ :i* may h fall5 ^u x4 ,!n take /rips ( /ick+ pap]1 ab\t half or ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* wide1 & firmly & neatly secure x to ! glass1 hav+ fir/ plac$ a mat betwe5 !m to prev5t ! plate be+ scrat*$ by ! glass4 ,,to ,,make ,,seal+ ,,pap]4--,dissolve "o ounce ( gum arabic1 & a qu>t] ( an ounce ( gum tragican? 9 a p9t ( wat]2 !n add a teaspoonful ( b5zo94 ,spread ?is ev5ly on "o side ( good /\t tissue pap]2 let x dry1 & !n cut x up 9 /ripes1 ab\t half or ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* wide1 = use4 ,if x becomes too s(t = summ] use1 add gum arabic2 if too h>d & crack+1 add b5zo9 or gum tragican?2 if x gets too ?ick1 add wat]4 ,,color$ ,,dagu]reotypes ,,on ,,copp]4--,to effect ?is1 take a poli%$ plate ( copp] & expose x to ! vapor ( iod9e1 or brom9e1 or ! two sub/ances comb9$2 or ei!r ( !m 9 comb9ation ) *lor9e4 ,?is gives a s5sitive coat+ to ! surface ( ! plate1 :i* may !n be submitt$ to ! action ( light 9 ! cam]a4 ,aft] rema9+ a suffici5t "t 9 ! cam]a1 ! plate is tak5 out & expos$ to ! vapor ( sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,?is vapor produces v>i\s colors on ! plate1 accord+ to ! int5sity ) :i* ! light has act$ on ! diff]5t p>ts2 consequ5tly a color$ photographic picture is obta9$4 ,no fur!r process is necess>y z exposure to light does n effect ! picture4 ,by ?is process we h an advantage ov] ! silv]$ plate1 bo? 9 economy1 & 9 ! production ( ! picture 9 colors4 ,,in/antane\s ,,pictures ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,galvanism4--,x w be se5 by ! foll[+ valuable communication t galvanism c be successfully appli$ 9 produc+ pictures in/antly2 a process ( great importance 9 secur+ ! lik5ess ( a *ild1 or 9 tak+ views ( animat$ nature4 ,colonel ,:itney in=ms me t he once took a view ( ! /eeple ( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,c\rt ,h\se aft] sund[n by ?is means1 & also secur$ ! image ( a man 9 ! act ( /epp+ into a /ore1 & be=e he _h "t to place 8 foot1 rais$ = t purpose1 on ! door /ep4 ,mr4 ,:itney is well kn[n z ! tal5t$ editor ( ! ,sunday ,morn+ news4 ,new ,york1 ,janu>y #af1 #ahdi4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,,snell+4 ,de> ,sir1--,z y are ab\t publi%+ a hi/ory ( ! ,dagu]reotype1 & reque/ a description ( my mode ( tak+ pictures in/antane\sly by ! aid ( galvanism1 ,i comply ) great pleasure4 ,9 ! ye> #ahda1 :ile practic+ ! art 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo41 ,i 0 at times1 dur+ ! summ]1 mu* tr\bl$ ) ! electric influ5ce ( ! atmosph]e1 especially on ! approa* ( a ?und]-/orm4 ,at su* times ,i f\nd ! coat+ ( my plates mu* m s5sitive ?an :5 ! atmosph]e 0 comp>atively free f ! electric fluid1 & ! effect 0 s irregul> t no calculation c\ld c\nt]act ! difficulty4 ,?is satisfi$ me t electricity 0 9 "s measure an important ag5t 9 ! *emical process1 & x occurr$ to me t ! elem5t might be turn$ to advantage4 ,i det]m9$1 !re=e1 to ent] on a s]ies ( exp]im5ts to te/ my !ory4 ,f9d+ x impossible to obta9 an electric ma*9e1 & unwill+ to ab&on ! exam9ation1 x occurr$ to me1 t ! galvanic influ5ce might answ] ! same purpose4 ,i !re=e proce$$ to make a galvanic batt]y 9 ! foll[+ simple mann]4 ,i obta9$ a piece ( z9c ab\t two in*es long1 "o in* wide1 & an eigh? ( an in* ?ick4 ,on ?is ,i sold]$ a n>r[ /rip ( copp]1 ab\t six in*es long1 ! sold]$ end laid on "o side ( ! z9c1 & ext5d+ its :ole l5g?4 ,! batt]y 0 complet$ by plac+ ! z9c 9 a glass tumbl]1 two-?irds full ( dilute sulphuric acid1 /rong en\gh to produce a free action ( ! metals4 ,! upp] end ( ! copp] slip ext5d+ above ! tumbl] 0 %>p5$ to a po9t1 & b5t a little ov] ! glass4 ,! me?od ( us+1 0 ?us3--,aft] prep>+ ! plate 9 ! usual mann] & plac+ x 9 ! cam]a1 9 su* mann] z to expose ! back ( ! plate to view1 ! batt]y 0 prep>$ by plac+ ! z9c 9 ! acid1 & z soon z ! galvanic fluid began to trav]se 7z c\ld be kn[n by ! eff]vesc5ce ( ! acid1 op]at+ on ! z9c & copp]7 ! cap ( ! cam]a 0 remov$1 & ! plate expos$ to ! sitt]2 at ! same in/ant ! po9t ( ! batt]y 0 br\ght quickly aga9/ ! back ( ! plate1 & ! cap replac$ in/antly4 ,if ! plate is expos$ m ?an an in/ant aft] ! contact ! picture w g5]ally be f\nd sol>iz$4 ,by ?is process ,i h tak5 pictures ( p]sons 9 ! act ( walk+1 & 9 tak+ ! pictures ( infants & "y *ildr5 ,i f\nd x v useful4 ,v respectfully y\rs1 ,,?omas ,r4 ,,:itney4 ,,*ap4 ,,vii ,,pap] ,,dagu]reotypes4--,,et*+ ,,dagu]reotypes4 ,mr4 ,hunt describes a process1 discov]$ by himself by :i* ! ,dagu]rean art may be appli$ to pap]4 ,8 description is z foll[s3-- ,plac+ ! pap] on "s h>d body1 wa% x ov] on "o side--by means ( a v s(t camel's hair p5cil--) a solution ( sixty gra9s ( bromide ( potassium1 9 two fluid ounces ( di/ill$ wat]1 & !n dry x quickly by ! fire4 ,be+ dry1 x is aga9 wa%$ ov] ) ! same solution1 & dri$ z be=e4 ,a solution ( nitrate ( silv]--"o hundr$ gra9s to an ounce ( di/ill$ wat]--is to be appli$ ov] ! same surface1 & ! pap] quickly dri$ 9 ! d>k4 ,9 ?is /ate ! pap]s may be kept = use4 ,:5 !y are requir$1 ! above solution ( silv] is to be pl5tifully appli$1 & ! pap] plac$ wet 9 ! cam]a1 ! greate/ c>e be+ tak5 t no day light--n ev5 ! fa9te/ gleam--falls ^u x until ! mom5t :5 y are prep>$1 by remov+ ! d>k slide1 to p]mit ! light1 radiat+ f ! object y wi% to copy1 to act 9 produc+ ! picture4 ,aft] a few seconds ! light mu/ be aga9 %ut (f1 & ! cam]a remov$ into a d>k room4 ,! necessity ( remov+ ! cam]a is n[ avoid$ by ! use ( ! d>k slide1 already describ$1 cov]+ ! picture 9 ! hold]1 :i* alone may be remov$4--,am]4 ,aut4 ,x w be f\nd by tak+ ! pap] f ! hold]1 t !re is b a v fa9t outl9e--if any--yet visible4 ,place x aside1 9 p]fect d>kness until q dry2 !n place x 9 ! m]curial vapor box 7mean+ ba?7 & apply a v g5tle heat to ! bottom4 ,! mom5t ! m]cury vaporizes1 ! picture w beg9 to develope itself4 ,! _s lamp mu/ n[ be remov$ = a %ort "t1 & :5 ! action ( ! m]cury appe>s to cease1 x is to be v c>efully appli$ aga91 until a well def9$ picture is visible4 ,! vaporization mu/ !n be sudd5ly /opp$1 & ! photograph remov$ f ! box4 ,! draw+ w !n be v beautiful & di/9ct2 b mu* detail is /ill cl\d$1 = ! developem5t ( :i* x is only necess>y to place x 9 ! d>k & suff] x to rema9 undi/urb$ = "s h\rs4 ,!re is n[ an inexpressible *>m ab\t ! pictures1 equal+ ! delicate beauty ( ! dagu]reotype2 b be+ v susceptible ( *ange1 x mu/ be view$ by ! light ( a tap] only4 ,! nitrate ( silv] mu/ n[ be remov$ f ! pap]1 by well wa%+ x 9 s(t wat]1 to :i* a small quantity ( salt has be5 add$1 & x %\ld aft]w>ds be soak$ 9 wat] only4 ,:5 ! picture has be5 dri$1 wa% x quickly ov] ) a s(t bru% dipp$ 9 a w>m solution ( hyposulphite ( soda1 & !n wa% x = "s "t 9 di/ill$ wat]1 9 ord] t all ! hyposulphite may be remov$4 ,! draw+ is n[ fix$ & we may use x to procure positive copies1 7! orig9al be+ t]m$ a negative17 _m ( :i* may be tak5 f "o orig9al4 ,! action ( light on ?is prep>ation1 does inde$ appe> to be in/antane\s4 ,! exquisite delicacy ( ?is prep>ation may be imag9$1 :5 ,i /ate t 9 five seconds 9 ! cam]a1 ,i h1 dur+ sun%9e1 obta9$ p]fect pictures1 & t :5 ! sky is ov]ca/1 "o m9ute is q suffici5t to produce a mo/ decid$ effect4 ,?is v beautiful process is n )\t its difficulties2 & ! au?or _c promise t1 ev5 ) ! close/ att5tion to ! above directions1 annoy+ failures w n occur4 ,x (t5 happ5s t "s accid5tal circum/ance--g5]ally a project+ film or a little du/--w occasion ! m]curial vapor to act ) great en]gy on "o "p ( ! pap]1 & black5 x be=e ! o!r portions are at all effect$4 ,aga91 ! m]cury w sometimes accumulate along ! l9es made by ! bru%1 & give a /reaky appe>ance to ! picture1 al?\gh ^! l9es are n at all evid5t be=e ! m]curial vapor 0 appli$4 7,a bru% suffici5tly l>ge--& !y may be easily obta9$--w1 9 a measure1 prev5t ?is difficulty4--,am] ,au47 ,i h /at$ t ! pap] %\ld be plac$ wet 9 ! cam]a2 ! same pap] may be us$ dry1 :i* (t5 is a great conv5i5ce4 ,:5 9 ! dry /ate a little long] exposure is requir$2 & in/ead ( tak+ a picture 9 f\r or five seconds1 two or ?ree m9utes are necess>y4 ,! durability ( dagu]reotypes has be51 & is /ill1 d\bt$ by _m1 b exp]im5t has prov$ t !y are m p]man5t ?an oil pa9t+s or engrav+s4 ,,et*+ ,,dagu]reotypes4--,!re are sev]al me?ods ( accompli%+ ?is object2 discov]$ & appli$ by diff]5t individuals4 ,! fir/ process 0 publi%$ at ,vi5na by ,dr4 ,b]res1 & consi/$ 9 cov]+ ! plate ) ! mucilage ( gum arabic1 & !n imm]s+ ! plate 9 nitric acid ( diff]5t /r5g?s4 ,mr4 ,figeau1 ( :om ,i h already spok51 likewise discov]$ a process = ! engrav+ ( ,dagu]reotypes2 & f\nd$ on ! belief t ! lights ( a ,dagu]reotype plate consi/s ( unalt]$ silv]1 :ile ! d>k or %ad[s consi/s ( m]cury or an amalgam ( m]cury ) silv]4 ,he f9ds t a comp\nd acid1 consi/+ ( a mixture ( nitric1 nitr\s1 & muriatic acids1 or ( nitric mix$ ) nitrate ( potass & common salt1 has ! prop]ty ( atta*+ ! silv] 9 pres5ce ( ! m]cury )\t act+ ^u ! latt]4 ,bi-*loride ( copp] answ]s ! purpose also1 b less completely4 ,:5 ! clean surface ( a ,dagu]reotype plate is expos$ to ! action ( ?is m5/ruum1 p>ticul>ly if w>m1 ! :ite p>ts1 or lights are n alt]$1 b ! d>k p>ts are attack$1 & *loride ( silv] is =m$1 ( :i* an insoluble coat+ is soon deposit$1 & ! action ( ! acid soon ceases4 ,?is coat ( *loride ( silv] is remov$ by a solution ( ammonia1 & !n ! acid appli$ aga91 & s on1 until ! dep? ( bit+ 9 is suffici5t4 ,h[ev]1 x is n possible1 by repeat+ ?is process1 to get a suffici5t =ce ( impression2 a second op]ation is requir$1 9 ord] to obta9 su* a dep? z w hold ! ink1 to give a d>k impression2 = ?is purpose ! :ole plate is cov]$ ) dry+ oil2 ?is is cle>$ (f ) ! h&1 exactly 9 ! way a copp] plate pr9t] cleans 8 plate4 ,! oil is ?us left 9 ! s9k+s1 or d>k bitt5 9 p>ts only4 ,! :ole plate is n[ plac$ 9 a suitable app>atus1 & ! lights or prom95t p>ts ( ! face are gilt by ! electrotype process4 ,! :ole surface is n[ t\*$ ) :at ! ,fr5* engrav]s call ! ,res9 ,gra91 7gra9 de res9e71 a species ( p>tial /opp+ out1 & x is at once bitt5 9 to a suffici5t dep? ) nitric acid1 ! gild+ pres]v+ ! lights f all action ( ! acid4 ,! res9 gra9 gives a surface to ! corrod$ p>ts suitable = hold+ ! ink1 & ! plate is n[ f9i%$ & fit to give impressions resembl+ aquat9t4 ,b z silv] is s s(t a metal t ! surface ( ! plate might be expect$ to we> rapidly1 ! discov]] proposes to %ield x by deposit+ ov] its :ole surface a v ?9 coat ( copp] by ! electrotype process2 :i* :5 worn may be remov$ at pleasure d[n to ! surface ( ! noble metal b5ea?1 & aga9 a fre% coat ( copp] deposit$2 & s an unlimit$ numb] ( impressions obta9$ )\t injur+ ! plate itself4 ,if1 z has be5 ass]t$1 /eel may be r5d]$ suffici5tly s5sitive1 to take photographic impressions1 to :at a revolution w ! art ( engrav+ be subject by ! discov]y ( ?is process4 ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 ,,photog5ic ,,draw+ ,,on ,,pap]4 ,we %all n[ proce$ to describe ! v>i\s processes = ,photog5ic draw+ on pap]2 fir/1 h[ev]1 impress+ on ! m9d ( ! exp]im5t]1 ! necessity :i* exi/s = extreme c>e 9 e /age ( ! manipulation4 ,9 ?is portion ( my "w ,i am entirely indebt$ to ! works ( ,pr(essors ,hunt1 ,fi%] & o!rs4 ,i4 ,,app>atus ,,& ,,mat]ials4--,pap]4--,! pr9cipal difficulty to be cont5d$ ) 9 us+ pap]1 is ! diff]5t p[] ( imbibition :i* we (t5 f9d possess$ 9 ! same %eet1 ow+ to trifl+ inequalities 9 its texture4 ,?is is1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 to be ov]come by a c>eful exam9ation ( ea* %eet1 by ! light ( a c&le or lamp at night1 or 9 ! d>k4 ,by ext5d+ ea* %eet betwe5 ! light & ! eye1 & sl[ly mov+ x up & d[n1 & f left to "r1 ! v>iations 9 its texture w be se5 by ! diff]5t quantities ( light :i* pass ?r\gh x 9 diff]5t p>ts2 & x is always ! safe/ c\rse to reject e %eet 9 :i* inequalities exi/4 ,pap] sometimes conta9s m9ute portions ( ?read1 black or br[n specks1 & o!r imp]fections1 all ( :i* mat]ially int]f]e ) ! process4 ,"s pap] has an artificial sub/ance giv5 to x by sulphate ( lime 7,pla/] ( ,p>is72 ?is defect only exi/s1 h[ev]1 9 ! *eap] sorts ( demy1 & !re=e c be easily avoid$4 ,9 all cases su* pap] %\ld be reject$1 z no really s5sitive mat]ial c be obta9$ ) x4 ,pap]-mak]s1 z is well kn[n1 (t5 affix _! "n to "o half ! %eet2 ?is moiety %\ld also be plac$ aside1 z ! lett]s mu/ frequ5tly come out ) annoy+ di/9ctness4 ,well siz$ pap] is by no means objectionable1 inde$1 is r to be pref]r$1 s9ce ! size t5ds to exalt ! s5sitive p[]s ( ! silv]4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ to be avoid$1 is ! absorption ( ! s5sitive solution into ! pores2 & x mu/ be evid5t t ?is desid]atum _c be obta9$ by unsiz$ pap]4 ,tak+ all ?+s into consid]ation1 ! pap] kn[n z sat9 po/ w\ld appe> to be pref]able1 al?\gh ! precautions already recomm5d$ %\ld be tak5 9 its selection4 ,bru%es4--,! necess>y solutions are to be laid ^u ! pap] by bru%es4 ,"s p]sons pass ! pap] ov] ! surface ( ! solutions1 ?us lick+ up1 z x 71 a portion ( ! fluid2 b ?is me?od is apt to give an unev5 surface2 x also rapidly spoils ! solutions4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! bru% is ! mo/ ready & ! mo/ effectual means4 ,di/ill$ ,wat]4--,all ! wat] us$1 bo? = mix+ ! solutions1 wa%+ ! pap]1 or clean+ ! bru%es1 mu/ be di/ill$1 to obta9 good results1 = reasons be=e specifi$4 ,blott+ ,pap]4--,9 _m in/ances1 ! prep>$ pap] requires to be lightly dri$ ) bibul\s pap]4 ,! be/ description is ! :ite sort4 ,9 ea* /age ( ! prep>ation di/9ct portions ( bibul\s pap] mu/ be us$4 ,if ^! be kept sep]ate & m>k$1 !y c be aga9 employ$ = ! same /age2 b x w\ld n d1 = example1 to dry ! f9i%$ picture 9 ! same folds 9 :i* ! s5sitive pap] _h be5 press$4 ,a v conv5i5t me?od is to h two or ?ree qu>to size books ( bibul\s pap]1 "o = ea* sep]ate process4 ,nitrate ( ,silv]4--,9 ! practice ( ! photographic art1 mu* dep5ds on ! nitrate ( silv]4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to procure ! be/2 ! cry/aliz$ salt is mo/ suitable = ! purpose4 ,:ile 9 ! =m ( cry/al x is n injur$ by exposure to light1 b ! bottles conta9+ ! solutions ( ?is salt %\ld at all times be kept wrapp$ 9 d>k pap]1 & exclud$ f daylight4 ,,ii4 ,,diff]5t ,,me?ods ,,( ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,pap]4--,prep>ation ( ! ,pap]4--,dip ! pap] to be prep>$ into a weak solution ( common salt4 ,! solution %\ld n be saturat$1 b six or eight times dilut$ ) wat]4 ,:5 p]fectly moi/5$1 wipe x dry ) a t[el1 or press x betwe5 bibul\s pap]1 by :i* op]ation ! salt is uni=mly disp]s$ ?r\gh its sub/ance4 ,!n bru% ov] x1 on "o side only1 a solution ( nitrate ( silv]4 ,! /r5g? ( ?is solution mu/ v>y accord+ to ! color & s5sitiv5ess requir$4 ,mr4 ,talbot recomm5ds ab\t fifty gra9s ( ! salt to an ounce ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,"s advise tw5ty gra9s only1 :ile o!rs say eighty gra9s to ! ounce4 ,:5 dri$ 9 a d>k room1 ! pap] is fit = use4 ,to r5d] ?is pap] /ill m s5sitive1 x mu/ aga9 be wa%$ ) salt & wat]1 & aft]w>ds ) ! same solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 dry+ x betwe5 times4 ,?is pap]1 if c>efully made1 is v useful = all ord9>y photographic purposes4 ,= example1 no?+ c be m p]fect ?an ! images x gives ( leaves & fl[]s1 especially ) a summ]'s sun2 ! light1 pass+ ?r\gh ! leaves1 del9eates e ramification ( _! fibres4 ,9 conduct+ ?is op]ation1 h[ev]1 x w be f\nd t ! results are sometimes m & sometimes less satisfactory1 9 consequ5ce ( small & accid5tal v>iations 9 ! proportions employ$4 ,x happ5s sometimes t ! *loride ( silv] =m$ on ! surface ( ! pap] is dispos$ to black5 ( itself1 )\t any exposure to light4 ,?is %[s t ! attempt to give x s5sibility has be5 c>ri$ too f>4 ,! object is1 to approa* z ne>ly to ?is condition z possible )\t rea*+ x2 s t ! prep>ation may be 9 a /ate ready to yield to ! slighte/ extrane\s =ce1 su* z ! feeble/ effect ( light4 ,coop]'s ,me?od4--,soak ! pap] 9 a boil+ hot solution ( *lorate ( pota% 7! /r5g? matt]s n7 = a few m9utes2 !n take x out1 dry x1 & wet x ) a bru%1 on "o side only1 dipp$ 9 a solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 sixty gra9s to an ounce ( di/ill$ wat]1 or1 if n requir$ to be s s5sitive1 ?irty gra9s to ! ounce w d4 ,?is pap] possesses a great advantage ov] any o!r1 = ! image c be fix$ by m]e wa%+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v apt to become discolor$ ev5 9 ! wa%+1 or %ortly aft]w>ds1 & is1 besides1 n s s5sitive1 nor does x become s d>k z t made accord+ to ,mr4 ,talbot's me?od4 ,dagu]re's ,me?od4--,imm]se ! pap] 9 hydro*loric 7or z x is m commonly call$1 muriatic7 e!r1 :i* has be5 kept suffici5tly long to become acid2 ! pap] is !n c>efully & completely dri$1 z ?is is ess5tial to its prop] prep>ation4 ,x is !n dipp$ into a solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 & dri$ )\t artificial heat 9 a room f :i* e ray ( light is c>efully exclud$4 ,by ?is process x acquires a v rem>kable facility 9 be+ black5$ on a v slight exposure to light1 ev5 :5 ! latt] is by no means int5se4 ,! pap]1 h[ev]1 rapidly loses its extreme s5sitiv5ess to light1 & f9ally becomes no m impressionable by ! sol> beams ?an common nitrate pap]4 ,bromide ,pap]4--,( all common photographic pap]1 ! be/1 because ! lea/ tr\blesome 9 mak+1 & ! mo/ satisfactory 9 result1 is t :i* is t]m$ brom9e pap]1 & :i* is ?us prep>$3--,dissolve "o hundr$ gra9s ( bromide ( potassium 9 "o ounce ( di/ill$ wat]1 & soak ! pap] 9 ?is solution4 ,take (f ! sup]flu\s moi/ure1 by means ( y\r bibul\s pap]1 & :5 ne>ly dry1 bru% x ov] on "o side only1 ) a solution ( "o hundr$ gra9s ( nitrate ( silv] to an ounce ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,! pap] %\ld !n be dri$ 9 a d>k room1 &1 if requir$ to be v s5sitive1 %\ld a second "t be bru%$ ov] ) ! nitrate ( silv] solution4 ,9 prep>+ ! pap]s m5tion$ above1 !re are two circum/ances :i* require p>ticul> att5tion4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is necess>y to m>k ! pap] on ! side spread ) ! solutions ( nitrate ( silv]1 ne> "o ( ! extreme corn]s4 ,?is answ]s two purposes3 9 ! fir/ place x s]ves to in=m ! exp]im5tali/ ( ! s5sitive surface2 & secondly1 x w be a guide z to :i* portion ( ! pap]s has be5 h&l$ dur+ ! application ( ! solution1 z ! impress ( ! f+]s w probably come out ^u ! photograph4 ,! second caution is1 t ! application ( ! s5sitive solution 7nitrate ( silv]17 & ! subsequ5t dry+ ( ! pap]1 mu/ be always conduct$ 9 a p]fectly d>k room1 ! light ( a c&le alone be+ us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi 7hipho#bi4;gif7 ,,iii4 ,,photog5ic ,,process ,,on ,,pap]4--,me?od4--,! simple/ mode is to procure a flat bo>d & a squ>e ( glass1 l>g] 9 size ?an ! object int5d$ to be copi$4 ,on ! bo>d place ! photographic pap] ) ! prep>$ side upw>ds1 & ^u x ! object to be copi$2 ov] bo? lay ! glass & secure !m s t !y are 9 close connection by means ( b9d+ screws or clamps1 simil> to g4 g4 fig4 #bi4 ,%\ld ! object to be copi$ be ( unequal ?ickness1 su* z a leaf1 grass1 c41 x w be necess>y to place on ! bo>d1 fir/1 a s(t cu%ion1 :i* may be made ( a piece ( f9e flannel & cotton wool4 ,by ?is means ! object is br\ght into clos] contact ) ! pap]1 :i* is ( great consequ5ce1 & adds mat]ially to ! cle>ness ( ! copy4 ,! pap] is n[ expos$ to diffus$ daylight1 or1 /ill bett]1 to ! direct rays ( ! sun1 :5 t "p ( ! pap] n cov]$ by ! object w become t+$ ) a violet color1 & if ! pap] be well prep>$1 x w 9 a %ort "t pass to a deep br[n or bronze color4 ,x mu/ !n be remov$1 z no advantage w be obta9$ by keep+ x long] expos$2 on ! contr>y1 ! delicate p>ts yet uncolor$ w become 9 "s degree affect$4 ,! photog5ic pap] w n[ %[ a m or less :ite & di/9ct repres5tation ( ! object4 ,! app>atus figur$ at #bi consi/s ( a wood5 frame simil> to a picture frame2 a piece ( plate glass is fix$ 9 front2 & x is provid$ ) a slid+ cov] ( wood1 c41 :i* is remov$ :5 ! pap] is ready to be expos$ to ! action ( ! light4 ,! back1 d41 :i* is furni%$ ) a cu%ion1 z j describ$1 is made to remove = ! purpose ( introduc+ ! object to be copi$1 & ^u x ! prep>$ pap]2 ! back is !n replac$1 &1 by aid ( ! cross piece & screw1 e41 ! :ole is br\ght into close contact ) ! glass4 ,! objects be/ del9eat$ on ^! photographic pap]s1 are lace1 fea!rs1 dri$ plants1 p>ticul>ly ! f]ns1 sea-we$s & ! light grasses1 impressions ( copp] plate & wood engrav+s1 p>ticul>ly if !y h consid]able contra/ ( light & %ade--7^! %\ld be plac$ ) ! face d[nw>ds1 hav+ be5 previ\sly prep>$ z h]eaft] direct$7--pa9t+s on glass1 et*+s1 c4 ,to fix ! ,draw+s4--,mr4 ,talbot recomm5ds t ! draw+s %\ld be dipp$ 9 salt & wat]1 & 9 _m in/ances ?is me?od w succe$1 b at times x is equally unsuccessful4 ,iodide ( potassium1 or1 z x is frequ5tly call$1 hydriodate ( pota%1 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 & v mu* dilut$1 7tw5ty-five gra9s to "o ounce ( wat]17 is a m useful prep>ation to wa% ! draw+s )2 x mu/ be us$ v weak or x w n dissolve ! un*ang$ muriate only1 z is int5d$ b ! black oxide also1 & ! draw+ be !reby spoil$4 ,b ! mo/ c]ta9 mat]ial to be us$ is ! hyposulphite ( soda4 ,"o ounce ( ?is salt %\ld be dissolv$ 9 ab\t a p9t ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,hav+ previ\sly wa%$ ! draw+ 9 a little lukew>m wat]1 :i* ( itself removes a l>ge portion ( ! muriate ( silv] :i* is to be got rid (1 x %\ld be dipp$ once or twice 9 ! hyposulphite solution4 ,by ?is op]ation ! muriate :i* lies ^u ! light] p>ts w become s alt]$ 9 its nature z to be un*ang$ by light1 :ile ! re/ rema9s d>k z be=e4 ,x w be evid5t f ! nature ( ! process1 t ! lights & %ad[s ( an object are rev]s$4 ,t :i* is orig9ally opaque w int]cept ! light1 & consequ5tly ^? p>ts ( ! photog5ic pap] w be lea/ influ5c$ by light1 :ile any "p ( ! object :i* is transp>5t1 by admitt+ ! light ?r\gh x1 w suff] ! effect to be great] or less 9 exact proportion to its degree ( transp>5cy4 ,! object :olly int]cept+ ! light w %[ a :ite impression2 9 select+1 = example1 a butt]fly = an object1 ! insect1 be+ m or less transp>5t1 leaves a proportionate gradation ( light & %ade1 ! mo/ opaque p>ts %[+ ! :ite/4 ,x may be said1 !re=e1 t ?is is n natural1 & 9 ord] to obta9 a true picture--or1 z x is t]m$1 a positive picture--we mu/ place our fir/ acquir$ photograph ^u a second piece ( photog5ic pap]4 ,be=e we d ?is1 h[ev]1 we mu/ r5d] our photograph transp>5t1 o!rwise ! opacity ( ! pap] w m> our ef=ts4 ,to accompli% ?is object1 ! back ( ! pap] conta9+ ! negative1 or fir/ acquir$ photograph1 %\ld be cov]$ ) :ite or virg9 wax4 ,?is may be done by scrap+ ! wax ^u ! pap]1 & !n1 aft] plac+ x betwe5 two o!r pieces ( pap]1 pass+ a heat$ iron ov] x4 ,! picture1 be+ ?us r5d]$ transp>5t1 %\ld n[ be appli$ to a second piece ( photog5ic pap]1 & expos$1 9 ! mann] be=e direct$1 ei!r to diffus$ day-light or to ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,! light w n[ p5etrate ! :ite p>ts1 & ! second photograph be ! rev]se ( ! fir/1 or a true picture ( ! orig9al4 ,in/ead ( wax1 boil$ l9se$ oil--x mu/ be ! be/ & mo/ transp>5t k9d--may be us$4 ,! back ( ! negative photograph %\ld be sme>$ ) ! oil1 & !n plac$ betwe5 %eets ( bibul\s pap]4 ,:5 dry ! pap] is highly transp>5t4 ,,iv4 ,,application ,,( ,,photog5ic ,,draw+4--,?is me?od ( photog5ic draw+ may be appli$ to useful purposes1 su* z ! copy+ ( pa9t+s on glass by ! light ?r[n ?r\gh !m on ! prep>$ pap]--,imitations ( et*+s1 :i* may be accompli%$ by cov]+ a piece ( glass ) a ?ick coat ( :ite oil pa9t2 :5 dry1 ) ! po9t ( a ne$le1 l9es or scrat*es are to be made ?r\gh ! :ite lead gr\nd1 s z to lay ! glass b>e2 !n place ! glass ^u a piece ( prep>$ pap]1 & expose x to ! light4 ,( c\rse e l9e w be repres5t$ b5ea? ( a black color1 & ?us an imitation et*+ w be produc$4 ,x is also applicable to ! del9eation ( microscopic objects1 ar*itecture1 sculpture1 l&scapes & ext]nal nature4 ,a novel application ( ?is art has be5 rec5tly sugge/$1 :i* w\ld d\btless prove useful 9 v _m in/ances4 ,by r5d]+ ! wood us$ = engrav+s s5sitive to light1 impressions may be at once made !reon1 )\t ! aid ( ! arti/'s p5cil4 ,! prep>ation ( ! wood is simply z foll[s3--,place its face or smoo? side d[nw>ds1 9 a plate conta9+ tw5ty gra9s ( common salt dissolv$ 9 an ounce ( wat]2 "h let x rema9 = five m9utes1 take x out & dry x2 !n place x aga9 face d[nw>ds 9 ano!r plate conta9+ sixty gra9s ( nitrate ( silv] to an ounce ( wat]2 "h let x re/ "o m9ute1 :5 tak5 out & dri$ 9 ! d>k x w be fit = use1 & w become1 on exposure to ! light1 ( a f9e br[n color4 ,%\ld x be requir$ m s5sitive1 x mu/ be imm]s$ 9 ea* solution a second "t1 = a few seconds only4 ,x w n[ be v soon effect$ by a v diffus$ light4 ,?is process may be useful to c>v]s & wood engrav]s n only to ^? :o cut ! f9e objects ( arti/ical design1 b /ill m to ^? :o cut patt]ns & blocks = lace1 musl91 calico-pr9t+1 pap] hang+s1 etc41 z by ?is means ! errors1 exp5se & "t ( ! draughtsman may be :olly sav$1 & 9 a m9ute or two ! mo/ elaborate picture or design1 or ! mo/ complicat$ ma*9]y1 be del9eat$ ) ! utmo/ tru? & cle>ness4 ,,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,,calotype ,,& ,,*rysotype4 ,! mat]ials & app>atus necess>y = ! ,calotype process are-- ,two or ,?ree ,%all[ ,di%es1 = hold+ di/ill$ wat]1 iodide1 potassium1 c4--! same wat] nev] be+ us$ = two diff]5t op]ations4 ,:ite ,bibul\s ,pap]4 ,photog5ic ,cam]a--,fig4 #i4 ,pressure ,frame--,fig #bi4 ,pap]1 ( ! v be/ quality--directions = ! *oice ( :i* h be5 already giv54 ,a ,scre5 ( ,yell[ ,glass4 ,camels' or ,badg]s' hair ,bru%es3--,a sep]ate "o be+ kept = ea* wa% & solution1 & :i* %\ld be ?or\ghly cleans$ imm$iately aft] us+ 9 di/ill$ wat]4 ,t us$ = ! gallo-nitrate is soon de/roy$1 ow+ to ! rapid decomposition ( t prep>ation4 ,a ,graduat$ ,measure4 ,?ree or ,f\r ,flat ,bo>ds1 to :i* ! pap] may be fix$ ) draw+ p9s4 ,a ,hot ,wat] ,dry+ ,app>atus1 = dry+ ! pap] w also be f\nd useful4 ,9 prep>+ ! ,calotype pap]1 x is necess>y to be extremely c>eful1 n only to prev5t ! daylight f impr++ ^u x1 b also to exclude1 if possible1 ! /rong gl>e ( ! c&le or lamp4 ,?is may be effect$ by us+ a %ade ( yell[ glass or gauze1 :i* mu/ be plac$ ar\nd ! light4 ,light pass+ ?r\gh su* a m$ium w sc>cely affect ! s5sitive comp\nds1 ! yell[ glass int]cept+ ! *emical rays4 ,prep>ation ( ! ,iodiz$ ,pap]4--,dissolve "o hundr$ gra9s ( cry/aliz$ nitrate ( silv] 9 six ounces ( di/ill$ wat]1 & hav+ fix$ ! pap] to "o ( ! bo>ds1 bru% x ov] ) a s(t bru% on "o side only ) ?is solution1 a m>k be+ plac$ on t side :]eby x may be kn[n4 ,:5 ne>ly dry dip x into a solution ( iodide ( potassium1 conta9+ five hundr$ gra9s ( t salt dissolv$ 9 a p9t ( wat]4 ,:5 p]fectly saturat$ ) ?is solution1 x %\ld be wa%$ 9 di/ill$ wat]1 dra9$ & all[$ to dry4 ,?is is ! fir/ "p ( ! process1 & ! pap] s prep>$ is call$ iodiz$ pap]4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 a port-folio or draw] until requir$3 ) ?is c>e x may be pres]v$ = any l5g? ( "t )\t spoil+ or und]go+ any *ange4 ,mr4 ,cundell f9ds a /rong] solution ( nitrate ( silv] pref]able1 & employs ?irty gra9s to ! ounce ( di/ill$ wat]3 he also adds fifty gra9s ( common salt to ! iodide ( potassium1 :i* he applies to ! m>k$ side ( ! pap] only4 ,?is is ! fir/ process4 ,prep>ation ( ! pap] = ! ,cam]a4--,! second process consi/s 9 apply+ to ! above a solution :i* has be5 nam$ by ,mr4 ,talbot ! ,gallo-,nitrate ( ,silv]2 x is prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,dissolve "o hundr$ gra9s ( cry/aliz$ nitrate ( silv] 9 two ounces ( di/ill$ wat]1 to :i* is add$ two & two-?ird dra*ms ( /rong acetic acid4 ,?is solution %\ld be kept 9 a bottle c>efully exclud$ f ! light4 ,n[1 make a solution ( gallic acid 9 cold di/ill$ wat]3 ! quantity dissolv$ is v small4 ,:5 x is requir$ to take a picture1 ! two liquids above describ$ %\ld be mix$ toge!r 9 equal quantities2 b z x spe$ily und]goes decomposition1 & w n keep good = _m m9utes1 only j suffici5t = ! "t %\ld be prep>$1 & t us$ )\t delay4 ,x is also well n to make mu* ( ! gallic acid solution1 z x w n keep = m ?an a few days )\t spoil+4 ,a %eet ( ! iodiz$ pap] %\ld be wa%$ ov] ) a bru% ) ?is mix$ solution1 c>e be+ tak5 t x be appli$ to ! m>k$ side4 ,?is op]ation mu/ be p]=m$ by c&le light4 ,let ! pap] re/ half a m9ute1 !n dip x into "o ( ! di%es ( wat]1 pass+ x b5ea? ! surface sev]al times2 x is n[ all[$ to dra91 & dri$ by plac+ its m>k$ side upw>ds1 on ! dry+ app>atus4 ,x is bett] n to t\* ! surface ) bibul\s pap]4 ,x is n[ highly s5sitive1 & ready to receive ! impression4 ,9 practice x is f\nd bett] & m economical n to mix ! nitrate ( silv] & gallic acid1 b only to bru% ! pap] ) ! solution ( ! nitrate4 ,mr4 ,talbot has rec5tly propos$ "s modifications 9 8 me?od ( prep>+ ! calotype pap]4 ,! pap] is fir/ iodiz$ 9 ! usual way2 x is !n wa%$ ov] ) a saturat$ solution ( gallic acid 9 di/ill$ wat] & dri$4 ,?us prep>$ he calls x ! io-gallic pap]3 x w rema9 good = a consid]able "t if kept 9 a press or portfolio4 ,:5 requir$ = use1 x is wa%$ ) a solution ( nitrate ( silv] 7fifty gra9s to ! ounce ( di/ill$ wat]71 & x is !n fit = ! cam]a4 ,exposure 9 ! ,cam]a4--,! calotype pap] ?us prep>$ possesses a v high degree ( s5sibility :5 expos$ to light1 & we are ?us provid$ ) a m$ium by :i*1 ) ! aid ( ! photog5ic cam]a1 we may effectually copy views f nature1 figures1 build+s1 & ev5 take portraits f ! %ad[s ?r[n on ! pap] by ! liv+ face4 ,! pap] may be us$ some:at damp4 ,! be/ plan = fix+ x 9 ! cam]a is to place x betwe5 a piece ( plate glass & "s o!r mat]ial ) a flat surface1 z a piece ( smoo? slate or an iron plate1 :i* latt]1 if made w>m1 r5d]s ! pap] m s5sitive1 & consequ5tly ! picture is obta9$ m rapidly4 ,"t ( ,exposure4--,) reg>d to ! "t :i* %\ld be all[$ = ! pap] to rema9 9 ! cam]a1 no direct rules c be laid d[n2 ?is w dep5d altoge!r ^u ! nature ( ! object to be copi$1 & ! light :i* prevails4 ,all t c be said is1 t ! "t necess>y = =m+ a good picture v>ies f ?irty seconds to five m9utes1 & x w be naturally ! fir/ object ( ! op]ator to ga9 by exp]i5ce ?is important k4 ,br++ ,out ! ,picture4--,! pap] :5 tak5 f ! cam]a1 :i* %\ld be done s z to exclude e ray ( light--& "h ! d>k slide ( ! cam]a plate hold] becomes ( great use--be>s no resemblance to ! picture :i* 9 reality is =m$4 ,! impression is lat5t & invisible1 & its exi/5ce w\ld n be suspect$ by any "o n acqua9t$ ) ! process by previ\s exp]im5t4 ,! me?od ( br++ out ! image is v simple4 ,x consi/s 9 wa%+ ! pap] ) ! gallo-nitrate ( silv]1 prep>$ 9 ! way already describ$1 & !n w>m+ x g5tly1 be+ c>eful at ! same "t n to let any portion become p]fectly dry4 ,9 a few seconds ! "p ( ! pap] ^u :i* ! light has act$ w beg9 to d>k51 & f9ally gr[ entirely black1 :ile ! o!r p>ts reta9 _! orig9al color4 ,ev5 a weak impression may be br\ght out by aga9 wa%+ ! pap] 9 ! gallo-nitrate1 & once m g5tly w>m+ x4 ,:5 ! pap] is q black1 z is g5]ally ! case1 x is a highly curi\s & beautiful ph5om5on to witness ! comm5cem5t ( ! picture1 fir/ trac+ out ! /rong] outl9es1 & !n gradually fill+ up all ! num]\s & complicat$ details4 ,! arti/ %\ld wat* ! picture z x developes itself1 & :5 9 8 judgm5t x has atta9$ ! greate/ degree ( /r5g? & cle>ness1 he %all /op fur!r proce$+s by wa%+ x ) ! fix+ liquid4 ,"h aga9 ! mix$ solution ne$ n be us$1 b ! picture simply bru%$ ov] ) ! gallic acid4 ,! ,fix+ ,process4--,9 ord] to fix ! picture ?us obta9$1 fir/ dip x into wat]2 !n p>tly dry x ) bibul\s pap]1 & wa% x ) a solution ( bromide ( potassium--conta9+ "o hundr$ gra9s ( t salt dissolv$ 9 eight or t5 ounces ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,! picture is aga9 wa%$ ) di/ill$ wat]1 & !n f9ally dri$4 ,in/ead ( bromide ( potassium1 a solution ( hyposulphite ( soda1 z be=e direct$1 may be us$ ) equal advantage4 ,! orig9al calotype picture1 l ! photographic "o describ$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 is negative1 t is to say1 x has its lights & %ades rev]s$1 giv+ ! :ole an appe>ance n con=mable to nature4 ,b x is easy f ?is picture to obta9 ano!r :i* %all be con=mable to nature2 viz41 9 :i* ! lights %all be repres5t$ by lights1 & ! %ades by %ades4 ,x is only necess>y to take a %eet ( photographic pap] 7! bromide pap] is ! be/71 & place x 9 contact ) a calotype picture previ\sly r5d]$ transp>5t by wax or oil z be=e direct$4 ,fix x 9 ! frame1 ,fig4 #bi1 expose x 9 ! sun%9e = a %ort "t1 & an image or copy w be =m$ on ! photog5ic pap]4 ,! calotype pap] itself may be us$ to take ! second1 or positive1 picture1 b ?is ,mr4 ,talbot does n recomm5d1 = al?\gh x takes a mu* long] "t to take a copy on ! photog5ic pap]1 yet ! t9ts ( su* copy are g5]ally m h>moni\s & agreeable4 ,aft] a calotype picture has furni%$ a numb] ( copies x sometimes gr[s fa9t1 & ! subsequ5t copies are inf]ior4 ,?is may be prev5t$ by means ( a process :i* revives ! /r5g? ( ! calotype pictures4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 x is only necess>y to wa% !m by c&lelight ) gallo-nitrate ( silv]1 & !n w>m !m4 ,?is causes all ! %ades ( ! picture to d>k5 consid]ably1 :ile ! :ite p>ts are unaffect$4 ,aft] ?is ! picture is ( c\rse to be fix$ a second "t4 ,x w !n yield a second s]ies ( copies1 &1 9 ?is way1 a great numb] may frequ5tly be made4 ,! calotype pictures :5 prep>$ z we h /at$1 possess a yell[i% t9t1 :i* imp$es ! process ( tak+ copies f !m4 ,9 ord] to rem$y ?is defect1 ,mr4 ,talbot has devis$ ! foll[+ me?od4 ,! calotype picture is plung$ into a solution consi/+ ( hyposulphite ( soda dissolv$ 9 ab\t t5 times its weight ( wat]1 & heat$ ne>ly to ! boil+ po9t4 ,! picture %\ld rema9 9 ab\t t5 m9utes2 x mu/ !n be remov$1 wa%$ & dri$4 ,by ?is process ! picture is r5d]$ m transp>5t1 & its lights become :it]4 ,x is also r5d]$ exce$+ly p]man5t4 ,aft] ?is process ! picture may be wax$1 & ?us its transp>5cy increas$4 ,?is process is applicable to all photographic pap]s prep>$ ) solutions ( silv]4 ,hav+ ?us fully1 & x is hop$ cle>ly1 consid]$ ! process1 x may be necess>y be=e dismiss+ ! calotype f notice1 to add "o or two rem>ks f ! obs]vations & labors ( "s :o h exp]im5t$ 9 ?is art4 ,dr4 ,ryan 9 8 lectures be=e ! ,royal ,polyte*nic ,in/itution1 has obs]v$1 t 9 ! iodiz+ process ! s5sitiv5ess ( ! pap] is mat]ially injur$ by keep+ x too long 9 ! solution ( iodide ( potassium1 ow+ to ! newly =m$ iodide ( silv] be+ s exce$+ly solvable 9 excess ( iodide ( potassium z 9 a few m9utes to be completely remov$4 ,! pap] %\ld be dipp$ 9 ! solution & in/antly remov$4 ,!re is ano!r po9t1 too1 9 ! prep>ation ( ! iodiz$ pap] 9 :i* sugge/ions = a slight deviation f ,mr4 ,talbot's plan h be5 made4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 x is recomm5d$ t ! pap] be bru%$ ov] ) ! iodide ( potassium1 in/ead ( ! nitrate ( silv]1 transpos+1 9 fact1 ! application ( ! fir/ two solutions4 ,! pap]1 hav+ be5 bru%$ ov] ) ! iodide ( potassium 9 solution1 is wa%$ 9 di/ill$ wat] & dri$4 ,x is !n bru%$ ov] ) nitrate ( silv]1 & aft] dry+ is dipp$ =1 a mom5t 9 a fre% solution ( iodide ( potassium ( only "o-f\r? ! /r5g? ( ! fir/1 t is to say1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five gra9s ( ! salt to a p9t ( wat]4 ,aft] ?is x is aga9 wa%$ & dri$4 ,! advantage d]iv$ f ?is me?od1 is a m s5sitive pap]1 & a m ev5 di/ribution ( ! comp\nds ov] ! surface4 ,ano!r deviation f ,mr4 ,talbot's me?od has be5 sugge/$1 z foll[s3 ,bru% ! pap] ov] ) a solution ( "o hundr$ gra9s ( nitrate ( silv] to an ounce ( wat]4 ,:5 ne>ly1 b n q1 dry1 dip x into a solution ( tw5ty-five gra9s ( iodide ( potassium to "o ounce ( di/ill$ wat]1 dra9 x1 wa% x 9 di/ill$ wat] & aga9 dra9 x4 ,n[ bru% x ov] ) aceto-nitrate ( silv]1 made by dissolv+ fifty gra9s ( nitrate ( silv] 9 "o ounce ( di/ill$ wat]1 to :i* is add$ "o six? ( its volume ( /rong acetic acid4 ,dry x ) bibul\s pap]1 & x is ready = receiv+ ! image4 ,:5 ! impression has be5 receiv$1 :i* w require f "o to five m9utes accord+ to ! /ate ( ! wea!r1 x mu/ be wa%$ ) a saturat$ solution ( gallic acid to :i* a few drops ( ! aceto-nitrate ( silv]1 made z above1 h be5 add$4 ,! image w ?us be gradually br\ght out1 & may be fix$ ) hyposulphite ( soda4 ,to obta9 ! positive picture1 pap] mu/ be us$ bru%$ ov] ) an ammonio-nitrate ( silv]1 made ?us3 =ty gra9s ( nitrate ( silv] is to be dissolv$ 9 "o ounce ( di/ill$ wat]1 & liquid ammonia cauti\sly add$ till x re-dissolves ! precipitate4 ,a pleas+ effect may be giv5 to calotype1 or inde$ to all photographic pictures1 by wax+ !m at ! back1 & m\nt+ !m on :ite pap]1 or if color$ pap] be us$1 v>i\s beautiful tones ( color are produc$4 ,,positive ,,calotype4 ,at a meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association1 ,pr(essor ,grove describ$ a process by :i* positive calotype pictures c\ld be directly obta9$2 & ?us ! necessity to transf] by :i* ! imp]fections ( ! pap] are %[n1 & :i* is moreov] a tr\blesome & t$i\s process1 is avoid$4 ,z light favors mo/ *emical actions1 ,mr4 ,grove 0 l$ to believe t a pap] d>k5$ by ! sun 7:i* d>k5+ is suppos$ to result f ! precipitation ( silv]7 might be blea*$ by us+ a solv5t :i* w\ld n attack ! silv] 9 ! d>k1 b w\ld d s 9 ! light4 ,! plan f\nd to be ! mo/ successful is z foll[s3 ord9>y calotype pap] is d>k5$ till x assumes a deep br[n color1 almo/ am\nt+ to black2 x is !n r$ipp$ into ! ord9>y solution ( iodide ( potassium1 & dri$4 ,:5 requir$ = use x is drawn ov] dilute nitric acid--"o "p acid to two & a half p>ts wat]4 ,9 ?is /ate1 ^? p>ts expos$ to ! light are rapidly blea*$1 :ile ! p>ts n expos$ rema9 un*ang$4 ,x is fix$ by wa%+ 9 wat]1 & subsequ5tly 9 hyposulphite ( soda1 or bromide ( potassium4 ,mr4 ,grove also describes a process = conv]t+ a negative calotype into a positive "o1 :i* promises1 :5 c>ri$ out1 to be ( great utility4 ,let an ord9>y calotype image or portrait be tak5 9 ! cam]a1 & develop$ by gallic acid2 !n drawn ov] iodide ( potassium & dilute nitric acid & expos$ to full sun%9e2 :ile blea*+ ! d>k p>ts1 ! light is r$>k5+ ! newly precipitat$ iodide 9 ! light] portions & ?us ! negative picture is conv]t$ into a positive "o4 ,! calotype process has be5 appli$ to ! art ( pr9t+1 9 ,engl&1 b x possesses no advantages :atev] ov] ! me?od1 ) type1 n[ s glori\sly br\ght to p]fection2 & ,i c h>dly ?9k x w ev] be made ( any utility4 ,= ! b5efit ( ! curi\s1 h[ev]1 ,i w give ,mr4 ,talbot's me?od4 ,"s pages ( lett]-press are tak5 pr9t$ on "o side only2 & wax$1 to r5d] !m m transp>5t2 ! lett]s are !n cut out & sort$4 ,to compose a new page l9es are rul$ on a %eet ( :ite pap]1 & ! words are =m$ by fix+ ! sep]ate lett]s 9 _! prop] ord]4 ,! page be+ ready1 a negative photograph is produc$ f x1 f :i* ! requisite numb] ( positive photog5ic copies may be obta9$4 ,ano!r me?od1 :i* requires ! use ( ! cam]a1 consi/s 9 employ+ l>ge lett]s pa9t$ on rectangul> pieces ( wood1 color$ :ite4 ,^! are arrang$ 9 l9es on a tablet or bo>d1 by slipp+ !m into grooves :i* keep !m /eady & upright1 ?us =m+ a page on an enl>g$ scale4 ,x is n[ plac$ be=e a cam]a1 & a r$uc$ image ( x ( ! requir$ size is ?r[n ^u ! s5sitive pap]4 ,! adju/m5ts mu/ be kept inv>iable1 s t ! consecutive pages may n v>y f "o ano!r 9 ! size ( ! type4 ,mr4 ,talbot has pat5t$ 8 process1 b :at b5efit he expects to d]ive f x1 ,i am at a loss to det]m9e4 ,enl>g$ copies ( calotype or ,dagu]reotype portraits may be obta9$ by ?r[+ magnifi$ images ( !m1 by means ( l5ses1 ^u calotype pap]4 ,,! ,,*rysotype4 ,a modification ( ,mr4 ,talbot's process1 to :i* ! "n ( ,*rysotype 0 giv5 by its discov]]1 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 0 communicat$ 9 ,june #ahdc to ! ,royal ,society1 by t di/+ui%$ philosoph]4 ,?is modification w\ld appe> to unite ! simplicity ( photography ) all ! di/9ctness & cle>ness ( calotype4 ,?is prep>ation is z foll[s4 ,! pap] is to be wa%$ 9 a solution ( ammonio-citrate ( iron2 x mu/ !n be dri$1 & subsequ5tly bru%$ ov] ) a solution ( ! f]ro-sesquicyanuret ( potassium4 ,?is pap]1 :5 dri$ 9 a p]fectly d>k room1 is ready = use 9 ! same mann] z if o!rwise prep>$1 ! image be+ subsequ5tly br\ght out by any neutral solution ( gold4 ,su* 0 ! fir/ decl>ation ( 8 discov]y1 b he has s9ce f\nd t a neutral solution ( silv] is equally useful 9 br++ out ! picture4 ,photographic pictures tak5 on ?is pap] are di/+ui%$ by a cle>ness ( outl9e =eign to all o!r me?ods4 ,,*ap4 ,x4 ,,cyanotype--,,en]giatype--,,*romatype-- ,,an?otype--,,amphitype ,,& ,,crayon ,,dagu]reotype4 ,! sev]al processes enum]at$ at ! head ( ?is *apt]1 are all discov]ies ( ,engli% philosoph]s1 ) ! exception ( ! ?ird & la/ nam$4 ,an?otype 0 fir/ attempt$ by ,m4 ,ponton a ,fr5* savan1 al?\gh x 0 res]v$ to ,mr4 ,hunt to br+ ! process to its pres5t /ate4 ,! ,crayon ,dagu]reotype is an improvem5t made by ,j4 ,a ,:ipple1 ,esq41 ( ,bo/on4 ,i4 ,,cyanotype4 ,s call$ f ! circum/ance ( cyanog5 9 its comb9ations ) iron p]=m+ a lead+ "p 9 ! process4 ,x 0 discov]$ by ,sir ,john ,h]s*el4 ,! process is a simple "o1 & ! result+ pictures are blue4 ,bru% ! pap] ov] ) a solution ( ! ammonio-citrate ( iron4 ,?is solution %\ld be suffici5tly /rong to resemble %]ry w9e 9 color4 ,expose ! pap] 9 ! usual way1 & pass ov] x v sp>+ly & ev5ly a wa% ( ! common yell[ f]ro-cyanate ( potass4 ,z soon z ! liquid is appli$1 ! negative picture vani%es1 & is replac$ by a positive "o1 ( a violet blue color1 on a gre5i% yell[ gr\nd1 :i* at a c]ta9 "t possesses a high degree ( %>pness1 & s+ul> beauty ( t9t4 ,a curi\s process 0 discov]$ by ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 by :i* dormant pictures are produc$ capable ( developem5t by ! brea?1 or by keep+ 9 a moi/ atmosph]e4 ,x is z foll[s4 ,if nitrate ( silv]1 specific gravity #a4bjj be add$ to f]ro-t>t>ic acid1 specific gravity #a4jbc1 a precipitate falls1 :i* is 9 a great measure r$issolv$ by a g5tle heat1 leav+ a black s$im5t1 :i*1 be+ cle>$ by subsid5ce1 a liquid ( a pale yell[ color is obta9$1 9 :i* ! fur!r addition ( ! nitrate causes no turbidness4 ,:5 ! total quantity ( ! nitrat$ solution add$ am\nts to ab\t half ! bulk ( ! f]ro-t>t>ic acid1 x is en\gh4 ,! liquid s prep>$ does n alt] if kept 9 ! d>k4 ,spread on pap]1 & expos$ wet to ! sun%9e 7p>tly %ad$7 = a few seconds1 no impression seems to be made1 b by degrees1 al?\gh )drawn f ! action ( light1 x developes itself spontane\sly1 & at l5g? becomes v int5se4 ,b if ! pap] be ?or\ghly dri$ 9 ! d>k1 79 :i* /ate x is ( a v pale gre5i% yell[ color17 x possesses ! s+ul> prop]ty ( receiv+ a dormant or invisible picture1 to produce :i* f ?irty to sixty seconds' exposure to sun%9e is requisite4 ,x %\ld n be expos$ too long1 z n only is ! ultimate effect less /rik+1 b a picture beg9s to be visibly produc$1 :i* d>k5s spontane\sly aft] x is )drawn4 ,b if ! exposure be discont9u$ be=e ?is effect comes on1 an invisible impression is ! result1 to develope :i* all t is necess>y is to brea! ^u x1 :5 x imm$iately appe>s1 & v spe$ily acquires an extraord9>y int5sity & %>pness1 z if by magic4 ,in/ead ( ! brea?1 x may be subject to ! regul> action ( aque\s vapor1 by lay+ x 9 a blott+ pap] book1 ( :i* "s ( ! out] leaves on bo? sides h be5 damp5$1 or by hold+ ov] w>m wat]4 ,,ii4 ,,en]giatype4 ,"u ?is title a process has be5 br\ght =w>d by ,mr4 ,hunt4 ,x consi/s ( ! application ( a solution ( succ9ic acid to pap]1 :i* is subsequ5tly wa%$ ov] ) nitrate ( silv]4 ,! image is !n to be tak5 ei!r 9 ! cam]a or o!rwise1 z requir$1 & is br\ght out by ! application ( ! sulphate ( iron 9 solution4 ,al?\gh ?is process has n come into g5]al use1 its exact description may be int]e/+ to ! g5]al read]1 & we !re=e subjo9 x4 ,! solution ) :i* ! pap] is fir/ wa%$ is to be prep>$ z foll[s3 succ9ic acid1 two dra*ms2 common salt1 five gra9s2 mucilage ( gum arabic1 half a fluid dra*m2 di/ill$ wat]1 "o fluid dra*m & a half4 ,:5 ! pap] is ne>ly dry1 x is to be bru%$ ov] ) a solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 conta9+ a dra*m ( ! salt1 to an ounce ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,x is n[ ready = exposure 9 ! cam]a4 ,to br+ out ! dormant picture x is necess>y to wa% x ) a mixture ( a dra*m ( conc5trat$ solution ( ! gre5 sulphate ( iron & two dra*ms & a half ( mucilage ( gum arabic4 ,subsequ5tly1 h[ev]1 x has be5 f\nd t ! sulphate ( iron produces ^u all ! salts ( silv] effects q z beautiful z 9 ! succ9ate4 ,on ! iodide1 bromide1 acetate1 & b5zoate1 ! effects are f> m pleas+ & /rik+4 ,:5 pictures are produc$1 or ! dormant cam]a image br\ght out1 by ! ag5cy ( sulphate ( iron1 x is rem>kable h[ rapidly ! effect takes place4 ,engrav+s c be ?us copi$ almo/ in/antane\sly1 & cam]a views obta9$ 9 "o or two m9utes on almo/ any prep>ation ( silv]4 ,! common sulphate ( copp] solution has ! same prop]ty4 ,,iii4 ,,*romatype4 ,_m ef=ts h be5 made to r5d] *romatic acid an active ag5t 9 ! production ( photographs4 ,m4 ,ponton us$ a pap] saturat$ ) bi*romate ( pota%1 & ?is 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ photog5ic processes4 ,m4 ,becqu]el improv$ ^u ?is process by siz+ ! pap] ) />* previ\s to ! application ( ! bi*romate ( pota% solution1 :i* enabl$ him to conv]t ! negative picture into a positive "o1 by ! use ( a solution ( iod9e1 :i* comb9$ ) t portion ( ! />* on :i* ! light _h n act$4 ,b by nei!r ( ^! processes c\ld cle> & di/9ct pictures be =m$4 ,mr4 ,hunt has1 h[ev]1 discov]$ a process :i* is s exce$+ly simple1 & ! result+ pictures ( s pleas+ a "*1 t1 al?\gh x is n suffici5tly s5sitive = use 9 ! cam]a1 x w be f\nd ( ! greate/ value = copy+ botanical specim5s1 engrav+s1 or ! l4 ,! pap] to be prep>$ is wa%$ ov] ) a solution ( sulphate ( copp]--ab\t "o dra*m to an ounce ( wat]--& p>tially dri$2 x is !n wa%$ ) a mod]ately /rong solution ( bi*romate ( pota%1 & dri$ at a little di/ance f ! fire4 ,pap] ?us prep>$ may be kept any l5g? ( "t1 9 a portfolio1 & are always ready = use4 ,:5 expos$ to ! sun%9e = a "t1 v>y+ ) ! int5sity ( ! light1 f five to fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes1 ! result is g5]ally a negative picture4 ,x is n[ to be wa%$ ov] ) a solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 :i* imm$iately produces a v beautiful deep orange picture ^u a light dim color$1 or sometimes p]fectly :ite gr\nd4 ,?is picture mu/ be quickly fix$1 by be+ wa%$ 9 pure wat]1 & dri$4 ,) reg>d to ! /r5g? ( ! solutions1 x is a rem>kable fact1 t1 if saturat$ solutions be employ$1 a negative picture is fir/ produc$1 b if ! solutions be ?ree or f\r times _! bulk ( wat]1 ! fir/ action ( ! sun's rays d>k5s ! picture1 & !n a v blea*+ effect foll[s1 giv+ an exce$+ly fa9t positive picture1 :i* is br\ght out ) great delicacy by ! silv] solution4 ,x is necess>y t pure wat] %\ld be us$ = ! fix+1 z ! pres5ce ( any muriate damages ! picture1 & "h arises ano!r pleas+ v>iation ( ! ,*romatype4 ,if ! positive picture be plac$ 9 a v weak solution ( common salt ! image sl[ly fades out1 leav+ a fa9t negative outl9e4 ,if x n[ be remov$ f ! sal9e solution1 dri$1 & aga9 expos$ to sun%9e1 a positive picture ( a lilac color w be produc$ by a few m9utes exposure4 ,sev]al o!r ( ! *romates may be us$ 9 ?is process1 b none is s successful z ! *romate ( copp]4 ,,iv4 ,,an?otype4 ,! express$ juice1 alcoholic1 or wat]y infusion ( fl[]s1 or vegetable sub/ances1 may be made ! m$ia ( photog5ic action4 ,?is fact 0 fir/ discov]$ by ,sir ,john ,h]s*el4 ,we h already giv5 a few examples ( ?is 9 ! ?ird *apt]4 ,c]ta9 precautions are necess>y 9 extract+ ! color+ matt] ( fl[]s4 ,! petals ( fre% fl[]s are c>efully select$1 & cru%$ to a pulp 9 a m>ble mort>1 ei!r alone or ) ! addition ( a little alcohol1 & ! juice express$ by squeez+ ! pulp 9 a clean l95 or cotton clo?4 ,x is !n to be spread ^u pap] ) a flat bru%1 & dri$ 9 ! air )\t artificial heat4 ,if alcohol be n add$1 ! application on pap] mu/ be p]=m$ imm$iately1 z ! air 7ev5 9 a few m9utes71 irrecov]ably *anges or de/roys _! color4 ,if alcohol be pres5t ?is *ange is mu* ret>d$1 & 9 "s cases is entirely prev5t$4 ,mo/ fl[]s give out _! color+ matt] to alcohol or wat]4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 refuse to d s1 & require ! addition ( alkalies1 o!rs ( acid1 c4 ,alcohol has1 h[ev]1 be5 f\nd to enfeeble1 & 9 _m cases to dis*>ge altoge!r ^! colors2 b !y are1 9 mo/ cases1 re/or$ ^u dry+1 :5 spread ov] pap]4 ,pap]s t+$ ) vegetable colors mu/ always be kept 9 ! d>k1 & p]fectly dry4 ,! color ( a fl[] is by no means always1 or usually1 t :i* its express$ juice imp>ts to :ite pap]4 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el attributes ^! *anges to ! escape ( c>bonic acid 9 "s cases2 to a *emical alt]ation1 dep5d+ ^u ! absorption ( oxyg51 9 o!rs2 & aga9 9 o!rs1 especially :]e ! express$ juice coagulates on /&+1 to a loss ( vitality1 or disorganization ( ! molecules4 ,to secure an ev5ess ( t9t on pap]1 ! foll[+ manipulation is recomm5d$3--,! pap] %\ld be moi/5$ on ! back by spong+ & blott+ (f4 ,x %\ld !n be p9n$ on a bo>d1 ! moi/ side d[nw>ds1 s t two ( its edges 7suppose ! "r-h& & l[] ones7 %all project a little beyond ^? ( ! bo>d4 ,! bo>d !n be+ incl9$ tw5ty or ?irty degrees to ! horizon1 ! alcoholic t9cture 7mix$ ) a v little wat]1 if ! petals !mselves be n v juicy7 is to be appli$ ) a bru% 9 /rokes f left to "r1 tak+ c>e n to g ov] ! edges :i* re/ on ! bo>d2 b to pass cle>ly ov] ^? t project2 & obs]v+ also to c>ry ! t9t f bel[ upw>ds by quick sweep+ /rokes1 leav+ no dry spaces betwe5 !m1 b keep+ up a cont9uity ( wet spaces4 ,:5 all is wet1 cross !m by ano!r set ( /rokes f above d[nw>ds1 s manag+ ! bru% z to leave no float+ liquid on ! pap]4 ,x mu/ !n be dri$ z quickly z possible ov] a /ove1 or 9 a w>m curr5t ( air1 avoid+1 h[ev]1 su* heat z may injure ! t9t4 ,9 addition to ! fl[]s already m5tion$ 9 my ?ird *apt]1 ! foll[+ are among ^? exp]im5t$ ^u & f\nd to give tol]able good photographic s5sitives4 ,i c only enum]ate !m1 ref]r+ ! /ud5t1 = any fur!r in=mation he may desire on ! subject1 to ,mr4 ,hunt's "w2 al?\gh :at ,i h said above is suffici5t = all practical purposes2 & any "o1 ) ! ambition1 c readily exp]im5t ^u !m1 )\t fur!r rese>*1 on any o!r fl[] he may *oose4 ,viola ,odorata--or sweet s5t$ violet1 yields to alcohol a ri* blue color1 :i* x imp>ts 9 high p]fection to pap] ,s5ecio ,spl5d5s--or d\ble purple gr\ndsel1 yields a beautiful color to pap]4 ,! leaves ( ! laurel1 common cabbage1 & ! grasses1 are f\nd suffici5tly s5sitive4 ,common ,m]rigold yields an invaluable faecula1 :i* appe>s id5tical ) t produc$ by ! ,wall-fl[]1 & ,co*orus japonica m5tion$ be=e1 & is v s5sitive1 b photographs procur$ ^u x _c be pres]v$1 ! color is s fugitive4 ,f an exam9ation ( ! rese>*es ( ,sir ,john ,h]s*el on ! color+ matt] ( plants1 x w be se5 t ! action ( ! sun's rays is to de/roy ! color1 effect+ a sort ( *romatic analysis1 9 :i* two di/9ct elem5ts ( color are sep>at$1 by de/roy+ ! "o & leav+ ! o!r out/&+4 ,! action is conf9$ )9 ! visible spectrum1 & ?us a broad di/9ction is exhibit$ betwe5 ! action ( ! sun's rays on vegetable juices & on arg5t9e comp\nds1 ! latt] be+ mo/ s5sibly affect$ by ! invisible rays beyond ! violet4 ,x may also be obs]v$1 t ! rays effective 9 de/roy+ a giv5 t9t1 are 9 a great _m cases1 ^? ^: union produces a color complem5t>y to ! t9t de/roy$1 or1 at lea/1 "o belong+ to t class ( colors to :i* su* complem5t>y t9t may be pref]r$4 ,= in/ance1 yell[s t5d+ t[>ds orange are de/roy$ ) m en]gy by ! blue rays2 blues by ! r$1 orange & yell[ rays2 purples & p9ks by yell[ & gre5 rays4 ,v4 ,,amphitype4 ,?is process is a discov]y ( ,sir ,john ,h]s*el & receives its "n f ! fact t bo? negative & positive photographs c be produc$ by "o process4 ,! positive pictures obta9$ by x h a p]fect resemblance to impressions ( engrav+s ) common pr9t]'s ink4 ,! process1 al?\gh n yet fully c>ri$ out1 promises to be ( va/ utility4 ,pap] prop] = produc+ an amphitype picture may be prep>$ ei!r ) ! f]ro-t>trate or ! f]ro-citrate ( ! protoxide1 or ! p]oxide ( m]cury1 or ( ! protoxide ( lead1 by us+ creams ( ^! salts1 or by successive applications ( ! nitrates ( ! respective oxides1 s+ly or 9 mixture1 to ! pap]1 alt]nat+ ) solutions ( ! ammonia-t>trate or ! ammonia-citrate ( iron1 ! latt] solution be+ la/ appli$1 & 9 m or less excess4 ,i purposely avoid /at+ proportions1 z ,i h n yet be5 able to fix ^u any :i* c]ta9ly succe$4 ,pap] s prep>$ & dri$ takes a negative picture1 9 a "t v>y+ f half an h\r to five or six h\rs1 accord+ to ! int5sity ( ! light2 & ! impression produc$ v>ies 9 app>5t =ce f a fa9t & h>dly p]ceptible picture to "o ( ! highe/ conceivable fulness & ri*ness bo? ( t9t & detail1 ! color be+ 9 ?is case a sup]b velvety br[n4 ,?is extreme ri*ness ( effect is n produc$ unless lead be pres5t1 ei!r 9 ! +r$i5ts us$1 or 9 ! pap] itself4 ,x is n1 z ,i orig9ally suppos$1 due to ! pres5ce ( free t>t>ic acid4 ,! pictures 9 ?is /ate are n p]man5t4 ,!y fade 9 ! d>k1 ?\gh ) v diff]5t degrees ( rapidity1 "s 7especially if free t>t>ic or citric acid be pres5t7 9 a few days1 :ile o!rs rema9 = weeks unimpair$1 & require :ole ye>s = _! total oblit]ation4 ,b ?\gh entirely fad$ out 9 appe>ance1 ! picture is only r5d]$ dormant1 & may be re/or$1 *ang+ its "* f negative to positive1 & its colors f br[n to black1 79 ! %ad[s71 by ! foll[+ process3--,a ba? be+ prep>$ by p\r+ a small quantity ( solution ( p]nitrate ( m]cury into a l>ge quantity ( wat]1 & lett+ ! subnitrat$ precipitates subside1 ! picture may be imm]s$ 9 x1 7c>efully & repeat$ly cle>+ (f all air bubbles17 & all[$ to rema9 till ! picture 7if any :]e visible17 is entirely de/roy$2 or if fad$1 till x is judg$ suffici5t f previ\s exp]i5ce2 a t]m :i* is (t5 m>k$ by ! appe>ance ( a feeble positive picture1 ( a bright yell[ hue1 on ! pale yell[ gr\nd ( ! pap]4 ,a long "t 7sev]al weeks7 is (t5 requir$ = ?is1 b heat accel]ates ! action1 & x is (t5 complet$ 9 a few h\rs4 ,9 ?is /ate ! picture is to be v ?or\ghly r9s$ & soak$ 9 pure w>m wat]1 & !n dri$4 ,x is !n to be well iron$ ) a smoo? iron1 heat$ s z b>ely n to injure ! pap]1 plac+ x1 = great] security aga9/ scor*+1 betwe5 clean smoo? pap]4 ,if !n ! process h be5 successful1 a p]fectly black positive picture is at once develop$4 ,at fir/ x mo/ commonly happ5s t ! :ole picture is sooty or d+y to su* a degree t x is condemn$ z spoil$1 b on keep+ x betwe5 ! leaves ( a book1 especially 9 a moi/ atmosph]e1 by extremely sl[ degrees ?is d+9ess disappe>s1 & ! picture dis5gages itself ) cont9ually increas+ %>pness & cle>ness1 & acquires ! exact effect ( a copp]-plate engrav+ on a pap] m or less t9t$ ) a pale yell[4 ,i ought to obs]ve1 t ! be/ & mo/ uni=m specim5s :i* ,i h procur$ h be5 on pap] previ\sly wa%$ ) c]ta9 prep>ations ( uric acid1 :i* is a v rem>kable & p[]ful photographic elem5t4 ,! int5sity ( ! orig9al negative picture is no crit]ion ( :at may be expect$ 9 ! positive4 ,x is f ! production by "o & ! same action ( light1 ( ei!r a positive or negative picture accord+ to ! subsequ5t manipulations1 t ,i h designat$ ! process1 ?us g5]ally sket*$ out1 by ! t]m ,amphitype1--a "n sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,talbot1 to :om ,i communicat$ ?is s+ul> result2 & to ?is process or class ( processes 7:i* ,i _c d\bt :5 pursu$ w lead to "s v beautiful results17 ,i propose to re/rict ! "n 9 "q1 ?\gh x applies ev5 m appropriately to ! foll[+ exce$+ly curi\s & rem>kable "o1 9 :i* silv] is conc]n$3 ,at ! la/ meet+ ,i ann\nc$ a mode ( produc+1 by means ( a solution ( silv]1 9 conjunction ) f]ro-t>t>ic acid1 a dormant picture br\ght into a =cible negative impression by ! brea? or moi/ air4 7,see ,cyanotype47 ,! solution !n describ$1 & :i* _h at t "t be5 prep>$ "s weeks1 ,i may "h incid5tally rem>k1 has reta9$ its limpidity & photog5ic prop]ties1 q unimpair$ dur+ ! :ole ye> s9ce elaps$1 & is n[ z s5sitive z ev]1--a prop]ty ( no small value4 ,n[1 :5 a picture 7= example an impression f an engrav+7 is tak5 on pap] wa%$ ) ?is solution1 x %[s no sign ( a picture on its back1 :e!r t on its face is develop$ or n2 b if1 :ile ! act9ic influ5ce is /ill fre% ^u ! face1 7i4e41 z soon z x is remov$ f ! light71 ! back be expos$ = a v few seconds to ! sun%9e1 & !n remov$ to a gloomy place1 a positive picture1 ! exact complem5t ( ! negative "o on ! o!r side1 ?\gh want+ ( c\rse 9 %>pness if ! pap] be ?ick1 sl[ly & gradually makes its appe>ance !re1 & 9 half an h\r or an h\r acquires a consid]able int5sity4 ,i ought to m5tion t ! f]ro-t>t>ic acid 9 "q is prep>$ by precipitat+ ! f]ro-t>trate ( ammonia 7ammonia-t>trate ( iron7 by acetate ( lead1 & decompos+ ! precipitate by dilute sulphuric acid4 ,:5 lead is us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ,amphitype pap]1 ! p>ts ^u :i* ! light has act$ are f\nd to be 9 a v high degree r5d]$ wat] pro(4--,sir ,j4 ,h]s*el4 ,?is process is a new inv5tion ( our c\ntryman1 ,j4 ,a4 ,:ipple1 ,esq41 ( ,bo/on1 & has be5 pat5t$ by ,m4 ,a4 ,root1 ,esq41 ( ,philadelphia4 ,x w be se51 h[ev]1 f ! previ\s pages ( my "w t ,mr4 ,root is mi/ak5 9 reg>d to 8 be+ ! fir/ improvem5t pat5t$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 al?\gh x is unque/ionably ! fir/ by an ,am]ican4 ,( ?is improvem5t ,mr4 ,root says3 ,,vi4 ,,crayon ,,dagu]reotype4 ,! improvem5t to :i* y ref] is d5om9at$ ,! ,crayon ,dagu]reotype4 ,?is inv5tion made by ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,:ipple1 is ! only improvem5t 9 ,dagu]reotyp+1 ,i believe1 = :i* ,lett]s ,pat5t = ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 ev] issu$4 ,! pictures produc$ by ?is process--:i* is ( ! simple/ description imag9able--h ! appe>ance & effect ( v f9e ,crayon ,draw+s1 f :i* ! improvem5t takes its "n4 ,"s ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ arti/s h giv5 x _! unqualifi$ admiration4 ,among !m1 our ,mezzot9to ,engrav]s1 especially ,john ,s>ta91 ,esq41 :o1 f 8 ri* embelli%m5ts to mo/ ( ! lead+ ,magaz9es & ,annuals ( ! c\ntry1 z well z f ! celebrity ( ! sup]b ,magaz9e :i* be>s 8 "n1 is s well kn[n & s well qualifi$ to judge ( its m]its4 ,z an auxili>y to ! arti/1 9 furni%+ heads to ! ,magaz9es1 or o!r works1 x is invaluable2 ! great object :i* x accompli%es be+ to give a f9] effect & m di/9ct expression to all ! features--! :ole p[] ( ! in/rum5t be+ direct$ to1 & conf9$ to ! head4 ,! late h\r at :i* ?is subject has be5 br\ght to our notice prev5ts s full a description z we w\ld o!rwise h be5 glad to furni%4 ,! ,new ,engl& ,/ates h be5 dispos$ (2 negotiations = any ( ! o!rs c be made ?r\gh ,m4 ,a4 ,root1 #adj ,*e/nut /reet1 ,philadelphia4 ,a s]ies ( beautiful portraits are ab\t be+ prep>$ by ! ,crayton ,process = ! express purpose ( be+ plac$ on ! exhibition at ! ,art ,union1 :5 amateurs1 arti/s1 & ! public g5]ally w h an opportunity ( witness+ its effect4 ,we are especially gratifi$ ) ?is /rik+ improvem5t1 f ! advantages :i* x promises to ! ,dagu]rean art4 ,x is admirably design$ to excite a new int]e/ on ! subject ?r\gh ! community1 & 9 ?is way--& f its t5d5cy to r5d] ! art m g5]ally useful1 & to elevate & di/+ui% x--to make x to all a matt] ( m g5]al importance4 ,y\rs respectfully1 ,m4 ,a4 ,,root4 ,9 our second edition1 we hope--) ,mr4 ,root's p]mission--to lay ! :ole process be=e ! public1 al?\gh our arti/s mu/ be> 9 m9d t ,mr4 ,root's pat5t secures to him ! exclusive "r ( its application4 ,,*ap4 ,,xi4 ,,on ,,! ,,probability ,,( ,,produc+ ,,color$ ,,pictures ,,by ,,! ,,sol> ,,radiations--,,photographic ,,deviations--,,lun> ,,pictures--,,drummond ,,light4 ,hav+ be=e notic$ ! fact t "s advances _h be5 made t[>ds tak+ ,dagu]reotypes 9 color1 by means ( sol> rays1 & express$ ! hope t ! day 0 n f> di/ant :5 ?is might be accompli%$1 ,i "h subjo9 ,mr4 ,hunt's rem>ks on ?is subject4 ,mr4 ,biot1 9 #ahdj1 speak+ ( ,mr4 ,fox ,talbot's beautiful calotype pictures1 consid]s z an illusion ! hope to reconcile1 n only ! int5sity b ! t9ts ( ! *emical impressions produc$ by radiations1 ) ! colors ( ! object f :i* ^! radiations emanat$4 ,x is true t ?ree ye>s h pass$ away1 & we h n yet produc$ color$ images2 yet ,i am n incl9$ to consid] ! hope z entirely illusive4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! color ( bodies dep5ds entirely ^u ! arrangem5t ( _! molecules4 ,we h num]\s v beautiful exp]im5ts 9 pro( ( ?is4 ,! bi-niodide ( m]cury is a f9e sc>let :5 precipitat$4 ,if ?is precipitate is heat$ betwe5 plates ( glass1 x is conv]t$ into cry/als ( a f9e sulphur yell[1 :i* rema9 ( t color if undi/urb$1 b :i* becomes v spe$ily sc>let if t\*$ ) any po9t$ in/rum5t4 ,?is v curi\s optical ph5om5a has be5 inve/igat$ by ,mr4 ,talbot & by ,mr4 ,w>r+ton4 ,p]fectly dry sulphate ( copp] is :ite2 ! slighte/ moi/ure turns x blue4 ,muriate ( cobalt is ( a pale p9k color2 a v slight heat1 by remov+ a little moi/ure1 *anges x to a gre54 ,^! are a few in/ances select$ f _m :i* might be giv54 ,if we receive a prismatic spectrum on "s pap]s1 we h evid5ce t ! molecul> or *emical di/urbance be>s "s relation to ! color ( ea* ray1 or1 9 o!r words1 t color$ light s modifies ! action ( ,,en]gia t ! impression x makes is 9 proportion to ! color ( ! light x accompanies1 & h5ce !re results a molecul> arrangem5t capable ( reflect+ colors diff]5tly4 ,"s in/ances h be5 giv5 9 :i* ! rays impress$ correspond ) ! colors ( ! lum9\s rays 9 a v rem>kable mann]499 ,"o ( ! mo/ decid$ cases is t ( ! pap] prep>$ ) ! fluoride ( soda & nitrate ( silv]4 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el 01 h[ev]1 ! fir/ to obta9 any good specim5s ( photographically impress$ prismatic colorations4 99 ,see ,mr4 ,hunt's ,rese>*es on ,light4 ,x 0 notic$ by ,dagu]re t a r$ h\se gave a r$di% image on 8 iodiz$ silv] plate 9 ! cam]a obscura2 & ,mr4 ,talbot obs]v$1 v e>ly 9 8 rese>*es1 t ! r$ ( a color$ pr9t 0 copi$ ( a r$ color1 on pap] spread ) ! *loride ( silv]49999 9999 ,9 #ahdb1 ,i _h %[n me a picture ( a h\se 9 ! ,b[]y1 :i* _h be5 repair$ a few days previ\s1 & 9 ! wall a r$ brick left4 ,?is brick 0 br\ght out on ! ,dagu]reotype plate ( precisely ! same color z ! brick itself4 ,! same arti/ also exhibit$ to me1 ! full l5g? portrait ( a g5tleman :o 7 a pair ( pantaloons hav+ a blue /rip$ figure4 ,?is blue /ripe 0 fully br\ght out1 ( ! same color1 9 ! picture4--,,am]4 ,,ed4 ,9 #ahdj ,i communicat$ to ,sir ,john ,h]s*el "s v curi\s results obta9$ by ! use ( color$ m$ia1 :i* he did me ! honor ( publi%+ 9 "o ( 8 memoirs on ! subject f :i* ,i aga9 copy x4 ,a pap] prep>$ ) muriate ( b>ytes & nitrate ( silv]1 all[$ to d>k5 :il/ wet 9 ! sun%9e to a *ocolate color1 0 plac$ "u a frame conta9+ a r$1 a yell[1 a gre51 & a blue glass4 ,aft] a week's exposure to diffus$ light1 x became r$ "u ! r$ glass1 a dirty yell[ "u ! yell[ glass1 a d>k gre5 "u ! gre51 & a light olive "u ! blue4 ,! above pap] wa%$ ) a solution ( salt ( iod9e1 is v s5sitive to light1 & gives a beautiful picture4 ,a picture ?us tak5 0 plac$ b5ea? ! above glasses1 & ano!r b5ea? f\r flat bottles conta9+ color$ fluids4 ,9 a few days1 "u ! r$ glass & fluid1 ! picture became a d>k blue1 "u ! yell[ a light blue1 "u ! gre5 x rema9$ un*ang$1 :il/ "u ! blue x became a rose r$1 :i* 9 ab\t ?ree weeks *ang$ into gre54 ,_m o!r exp]im5ts ( a simil> nature h be5 tri$ s9ce t "t ) l results4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahdc1 :5 engag$ 9 "s exp]im5ts on pap]s prep>$ accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ,mr4 ,talbot's calotype1 ,i _h plac$ 9 a cam]a obscura a pap] prep>$ ) ! bromide ( silv] & gallic acid4 ,! cam]a embrac$ a picture ( a cle> blue sky1 /ucco-front$ h\ses1 & a gre5 field4 ,! pap] 0 unavoidably expos$ = a long] p]iod ?an 0 int5d$--ab\t fifte5 m9utes1--a v beautiful picture 0 impress$1 :i*1 :5 held betwe5 ! eye & ! light1 exhibit$ a curi\s ord] ( colors4 ,! sky 0 ( a crimson hue1 ! h\ses ( a slaty blue1 & ! gre5 fields ( a brick r$ t9t4 ,surely ^! results appe> to enc\rage ! hope1 t we may ev5tually arrive at a process by :i* ext]nal nature may be made to impress its images on prep>$ surfaces1 9 all ! beauty ( _! native coloration4 ,,photographic ,,deviations4 ,be=e tak+ leave ( ! subject ( photog5ic draw+1 ,i mu/ m5tion "o or two facts1 :i* may be ( ess5tial s]vice to op]ators4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ by ,dagu]re1 & o!rs1 9 ,europe1 & probably by "s ( our own arti/s1 t ! sun two h\rs aft] x has pass$ ! m]idian1 is mu* less effective 9 ! photographic process1 ?an x is two h\rs previ\s to its hav+ rea*$ t po9t4 ,?is may dep5d ^u an absorptive p[] ( ! air1 :i* may reasonably be suppos$ to be m *>g$ ) vapor two h\rs be=e noon4 ,! fuse ( ! hygromet] may possibly e/abli% ! tru? or falsity ( ?is supposition4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 ( a bett] result be+ produc$ be=e noon be+ e/abli%$1 p]sons wi%+ _! portraits tak51 w see ! advantage ( obta9+ an e>ly sitt+1 if !y wi% good pictures4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! supposition above m5tion$ prove true1 a too e>ly sitt+ mu/ be avoid$4 ,if we take a consid]able ?ickness ( a d5se purple fluid1 z1 = in/ance1 a solution ( ! ammonia-sulphate ( copp]1 we %all f9d t ! quantity ( light is consid]ably dim9i%$1 at lea/ f\r-fif?s ( ! lum9\s rays be+ absorb$1 :ile ! *emical rays p]meate x ) ! greate/ facility1 & s5sitive prep>ations are affect$ by its influ5ce1 not)/&+ ! defici5cy ( light1 ne>ly z p[]fully z if expos$ to ! undecompos$ sunbeams4 ,x 0 fir/ imag9$ t "u ! brilliant sun & cle> skies ( ! s\?1 photographic pictures w\ld be produc$ ) mu* great] quickness ?an !y c\ld be 9 ! atmosph]e ( ,p>is4 ,x is f\nd1 h[ev]1 t a mu* long] "t is requir$4 ,ev5 9 ! cle> & beautiful light ( ! high] ,alps1 x has be5 prov$ t ! production ( ! photographic picture requires _m m9utes m1 ev5 ) ! mo/ s5sitive prep>ations1 ?an x does 9 ,london4 ,x has also be5 f\nd t "u ! brilliant light ( ,mexico1 tw5ty m9utes1 & half an h\r1 are requir$ to produce effects :i* 9 ,engl& w\ld occupy b a m9ute2 & travell]s engag$ 9 copy+ ! antiquities ( ,yucatan h on sev]al occasions ab&on$ ! use ( ! photographic cam]a1 & tak5 to _! sket* books4 ,dr4 ,drap]99 has obs]v$ a simil> diff]5ce betwe5 ! *emical action ( light 9 ,new ,york & ,virg9ia4 ,?is c be only expla9$ by ! supposition t ! int5sity ( ! light & heat ( ^! climes int]f]es ) ! action ( ! ,,en]gic rays on ^? s5sitive prep>ations :i* are employ$4 99 ,i w\ld "h take occasion to rem>k t our c\ntry man1 ,dr4 ,drap]1 is v frequ5tly quot$ by ,mr4 ,hunt 9 8 ,rese>*es4 ,,lun> ,,pictures--,,drummond ,,light4 ,! ,roman ,a/ronom]s /ate t !y h procur$ ,dagu]reotype impressions ( ! ,nebula ( ! sword ( ,orion4 ,signor ,rond9i has a secret me?od ( receiv+ photographic images on li?ographic /one2 on su* a prep>$ /one !y h succe$$ 9 impress+ an image ( ! ,nebula & its />s2 & f t /one !y h be5 enabl$ to take impressions on pap]1 unlimit$ 9 numb]1 ( s+ul> beauty1 & ( p]fect precision4 ,exp]im5ts h1 h[ev]1 prov$ t no heat+ p[] exi/s 9 ! moon's rays1 & t lun> light w n act *emically ^u ! iduret ( silv]4 ,x 0 at "o "t suppos$ t t]re/rial or artificial light possess$ no *emical rays1 b ?is is incorrect--,mr4 ,br&e discov]$ t al?\gh ! conc5trat$ light ( ! moon1 or ! light ev5 ( olefiant gas1 h[ev] int5se1 _h no effect on *loride ( silv]1 or on a mixture ( *loride & hydrog51 yet ! light emitt$ by elect]iz$ *>coal black5s ! salt4 ,at ! ,royal ,polyte*nic ,in/itution pictures h be5 tak5 by means ( s5sitive pap] act$ ^u by ! ,drummond ,light2 b x mu/ ( c\rse be di/9ctly und]/ood1 t !y are inf]ior to ^? tak5 by ! light ( ! sun1 or diffus$ daylight4 ,if our op]ators c\ld manage to produce good pictures 9 ?is way !y w\ld put money 9 _! pockets1 z _m :o _c f9d "t dur+ ! day w\ld resort to _! rooms at night4 ,i ?r[ out ! h9t 9 hopes "s "o w make ! exp]im5t4 ,i h le>n$1 s9ce ! above 0 writt51 t an op]ator 9 ,bo/on succe$$ a %ort "t s9ce 9 procur+ v good pictures by ! aid ( ! ,drummond ,light2 b t ! int5sity ( ! light fall+ directly ^u ! sitt]'s face caus$ great difficulty1 & he ab&on$ x4 ,?is may1 probably1 be rem$i$ by int]pos+ a scre5 ( v ?9 tissue pap] t+$ slightly ( a blui% color4 ,,*ap4 ,,xii4 ,,on ,,color+ ,,dagu]reotypes4 ,ne>ly1 if n q all ! v>i\s colors us$ 9 pa9t+ may be made f ! five primitive colors1 black1 :ite1 blue1 r$ & yell[1 b = ! ,dagu]rean arti/ x w\ld be ! be/ policy to obta9 su* z are requir$ by _! art already prep>$4 ,9 a majority ( cases1 ! foll[+ w be f\nd suffici5t1 viz4 ,c>m9e4 ,prussian ,blue4 ,:ite4 ,*rome ,yell[1 ,gamboge1 ,yell[ ,o*re2 or all ?ree499 99,gamboge is be/ = drap]y2 ,o*re = ! face4 ,light ,r$4 ,indigo4 ,burnt ,si5na4 ,bi/re1 or ,burnt ,umb]4 ,if1 9 color+ any "p ( a lady's or g5tleman's app>el1 x is f\nd necess>y to produce o!r t9ts & %ades1 ! foll[+ comb9ations may be us$3 ,orange--,mix yell[ ) r$1 mak+ x d>k] or light] by us+ m or less r$4 ,purple--,?is is made ) ,prussian blue1 or indigo & r$4 ,c>m9e & ,prussian blue produc+ ! ri*e/ color1 :i* may be deep5$ 9 ! %ad[s by a slight addition ( indigo or br[n4 ,gre5s--,prussian blue & gamboge makes a v f9e gre51 :i* may be v>i$ to suit ! ta/e ( ! sitt] or op]ator1 by l>g] portions ( ei!r1 or by add+ :ite1 burnt si5na1 indigo1 & r$1 z ! case may require4 ,^! comb9ations1 "u diff]5t modifications1 give almo/ endless v>ieties ( gre54 ,br[n--,may be made ( diff]5t %ades ( umb]1 c>m9e & lamp-black4 ,neutral t9t--,is compos$ ( indigo & lamp-black4 ,crimson--,mix c>m9e & :ite1 deep5+ ! %ad$ p>ts ( ! picture ) additional c>m9e4 ,fle% ,color--,! be/ repres5tative ( fle% color is light r$1 bright5$ 9 ! m gl[+ or w>m] p>ts1 ) c>m9e1 s(t5$ (f 9 ! light] portions ) :ite1 & %ad$ ) purple & burnt si5na4 ,lead ,color--,mix indigo & :ite 9 proportions to suit4 ,sc>let--,c>m9e & light r$4 ,= ,jewelry cups ( gold & silv] prep>ations accompany ea* box = ,dagu]reotypi/s1 or may be procur$ sep>ately4 ,! me?od ( lay+ colors on ,dagu]reotypes is "o ( consid]able difficulty1 inasmu* z !y are us$ 9 ! =m ( p]fectly dry impalpable p[d]4 ,! au?or ( ?is little "w is n[ exp]im5t+1 9 ord]1 if possible1 to discov] "s m easy1 arti/ic & unexceptionable me?od4 ,if successful1 ! result w be publi%$ 9 a future edition4 ,! rules we %all give = color+ ,dagu]reotypes dep5ds1 & are f\nd$1 ^u ^? obs]v$ 9 m9iature pa9t+1 & are int5d$ m z h9ts to ,dagu]rean arti/s1 9 hopes ( lead+ !m to attempt improvem5ts1 ?an z in/ructions :olly to be obs]v$4 ,! writ] is confid5t t "s comp\nd or +r$i5t may yet be discov]$ :i*1 :5 mix$ ) ! colors1 w give a m delicate1 pleas+1 & natural appe>ance to ! picture ?an is d]iv$ f ! pres5t mode ( lay+ !m on1 :i* 9 8 e/imation is m l pla/]+ ?an color+4 ,,9 ,,color+ ,,dagu]reotypes1 ! pr9cipal %ades ( ! head are to be made ) bi/re1 mix$ ) burnt si5na1 t\*+ "s places ) a mixture ( c>m9e & indigo4 ,! fle% t9ts are produc$ by ! use ( light r$1 deep5$ t[>ds ! %ad$ p>ts ) yell[ o*re1 blue & c>m9e mix$ ) indigo1 :ile ! w>m]1 or m highly color$ p>ts h a slight excess ( c>m9e or lake4 ,color ! %ades ab\t ! m\? & neck ) yell[ o*re1 blue1 & a v little c>m9e1 height5+ ! color ( ! lips ) c>m9e & light r$1 lett+ ! light r$ pr$om9ate on ! upp]1 & ! c>m9e on ! l[] lip2 ! %ades 9 ! corn] ( ! m\? be+ t\*$ slightly ) burnt si5na1 mix$ ) c>m9e4 ,9 color+ ! eyes1 ! arti/ w ( c\rse be guid$ by nature1 obs]v+ a v delicate t\* 9 lay+ on ! colors1 s z to pres]ve z mu* transp>5cy z possible4 ,a slight t\* ( blue--ultram>9e w\ld be be/ if x w\ld adh]e to ! ,dagu]reotype plate--9 ! :ites ( ! eye ne> ! iris1 w produce a good effect4 ,9 color+ ! heads ( m5 x w be necess>y to use ! d>k] t9ts ) m fre$om1 accord+ to ! complexion ( ! sitt]4 ,= wom51 ! w>m] t9ts %\ld pr$om9ate1 & 9 ord] to give t transp>5cy s univ]sal ) ! s(t] sex--& :i* gives s mu* lovel9ess & beauty to ! face--a little :ite may be judici\sly int]m+l$ ) ! r$ t9ts ab\t ! light] portions ( ! face4 ,9 tak+ a picture ( a lady ) light or auburn hair1 by ! ,dagu]rean process1 mu* ( ! beauty ( ! face is de/roy$1 on acc\nt ( ! imp]fect mann] 9 :i* light conveys ! image ( light objects to ! spectrum ( ! cam]a4 ,?is may be obviat$ 9 "s measure by prop] color+4 ,to d ?is1 t\* ! %ad$ p>ts ) burnt si5na & bi/re1 fill+ up ! light] portions ) yell[ o*re1 delicate t\*es ( burnt si5na1 & 9 ^? p>ts :i* naturally h a blui% t9t1 add v delicate t\*es ( purple--s delicate 9 fact z h>dly to be p]ceiv$4 ,! roots ( ! hair at ! =ehead %\ld also be t\*$ ) blue1 & ! eyebr[s ne> ! temples made ( a p9ki% t9t4 ,! *9 ( a woman is ne>ly ( ! same color z ! *eeks 9 ! mo/ gl[+ p>ts4 ,9 m5 x is /rong]1 & ( a blui% t9t1 9 ord] to produce ! effect giv5 by ! be>d4 ,9 portraits ( wom5--! middle t9ts on ! side ( ! light1 :i* are p]ceiv$ on ! bosom & arms1 are made ( a slight mixture ( o*re1 blue & lake1 7or c>m9e71 to :i* add1 on ! %ad$ sides1 o*re1 bi/re & purple1 ! latt] 9 ! d>k] p>ts4 ,! t9ts ( ! h&s %\ld be ! same z ! o!r p>ts ( ! fle%1 ! ends ( ! f+]s be+ a little p9ki% & ! nails ( a violet hue4 ,if any portion ( ! fle%y p>ts is %ad$ by portions ( ! dress1 or by ! position ( ! h&1 ?is %ade %\ld be color$ ) umb] mix$ ) purple4 ,,to ,,color ,,! ,,drap]y4--,violet ,velvet--,use purple made ( ,prussian blue & c>m9e1 t\*+ up ! %ad$ p>ts ) indigo blue4 ,gre5 ,velvet--,mix ,prussian blue & r$-orpim5t1 %ade ) purple1 & t\* up ! lights ) a little :ite4 ,r$ ,velvet--,mix a v little br[n ) c>m9e1 %ad+ ) purple1 m>k+ ! lights 9 ! /ronge/ p>ts ) pure c>m9e1 & t\* ! mo/ brilliant slightly ) :ite4 ,:ite ,fea!rs--,may be improv$ by delicately t\*+ ! %ad$ p>ts ) a little blue mix$ ) :ite4 ,:ite musl91 l951 lace1 sat91 silk1 etc41 may also be color$ 9 ! same way1 be+ c>eful n to lay ! color on too heavily4 ,,furs--,r$ ,furs may be imitat$ by us+ light r$ & a little ma/icot1 %ad$ ) umb]4 ,gray ,furs--black & :ite mix$ & %ad$ ) bi/re4 ,sable--:ite %ad$ lightly ) yell[ o*re4 ,^! few directions are q suffici5t = ! art1 & x is q unnecess>y = me to pursue ! subject fur!r4 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 rem>k t ! ,dagu]reotypi/s w\ld f9d x greatly to _! advantage to visit ! /udies ( our be/ arti/s1 our public gall]ies ( pa9t+s1 & /atu>y1 & :]ev] else !y c obta9 a sight ( f9e pa9t+s1 & /udy ! v>i\s /yles ( color+1 attitudes1 folds ( drap]y & o!r po9ts ( ! art4 ,9 color+ ,dagu]reotypes1 arti/s w f9d ! magnify+ glass ( mu* advantage 9 detect+ any imp]fections 9 ! plate or 9 ! image1 :i* may be rem$i$ by ! bru%4 ,9 select+ bru%es *oose ^? mo/ susceptible ( a f9e po9t1 :i* may be asc]ta9$ by wett+ !m betwe5 ! lips1 or 9 a glass ( wat]4 ,,*ap4 ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,photographomet]4 ,! la/ numb] 7= ,m>*1 #ahdi7 ( ! ,london ,art-,j\rnal1 gives ! foll[+ description ( a rec5t improvem5t 9 ,photographic ,manipulation1 & z ,i am desir\s ( furni%+ ev]y?+ new 9 ! art1 ,i /op ! press to add x1 entire1 to my "w4 ,s9ce ! photographic p[] ( ! sol> rays be>s no direct relation to _! lum9\s influ5ce1 x becomes a "q ( consid]able importance to ^? :o practice ! beautiful art ( photography1 to h ! means ( readily measur+ ! ev] *ang+ activity ( ?is =ce4 ,sev]al plans m or less successful1 h be5 devis$ by ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 ,messrs4 ,jordan1 ,%aw & ,hunt4 ,! in/rum5t1 h[ev]1 :i* is n[ br\ght =w>d by ,mr4 ,claudet1 :o is well kn[n z "o ( our mo/ successful ,dagu]reotypi/s1 appe>s admirably suit$ to all ^? purposes :i* ! practical man requires4 ,! great difficulty :i* cont9ually annoys ! photographic amateur & arti/1 is ! det]m9ation ( ! s5sibility ( ea* tablet employ$1 relatively to ! am\nt ( radiation1 lum9\s & *emical1 ) :i* he is work+4 ,) ! photographomet] ( ,mr4 ,claudet ?is is easily asc]ta9$4 ,! foll[+ woodcuts & concise description w suffici5tly indicate ?is useful & simple app>atus4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj 7hipho#cj4;gif7 ,= an in/rum5t ( ?is k9d x is important 9 ! fir/ place to h a motion always uni=m1 )\t complicat$ or exp5sive me*anism4 ,?is is obta9$ by means f\nd$ ^u ! pr9ciple ( ! fall ( bodies slid+ d[n an incl9$ plane4 ,! s5sitive surface is expos$ to ! light by ! rapid & uni=m passage ( a metal plate1 ,a1 ,b1 7,fig4 #ca17 hav+ op5+s ( diff]5t l5g?1 :i* foll[ a geometric progression4 ,x is evid5t t ! exposure to light w be ! same = ea* exp]im5t1 because ! plate furni%$ ) ! proportional op5+s falls always ) ! same rapidity1 ! height ( ! fall be+ con/ant1 & ! angle ( ! incl9$ plane ! same4 ,ea* op5+ ( ?is moveable plate all[s ! light to pass dur+ ! same space ( "t1 & ! effect ^u ! s5sitive surface indicates exactly ! int5sity ( ! *emical rays4 ,! rapidity ( ! fall may be augm5t$ or dim9i%$ by alt]+ ! incl9ation ( ! plane by means ( a graduat$ arc1 ,c1 ,d1 7,fig4 #cj17 furni%$ ) a screw1 ,e1 by :i* x may be fix$ at any angle4 ,! same result may be obta9$ by modify+ ! height ( ! fall or ! weight ( ! moveable plate4 ,! photog5ic surface1 :e!r x be ! ,dagu]reotype plate1 ! ,talbotype pap]1 or any o!r prep>ation s5sitive to light1 is plac$ ne> ! bottom ( ! incl9$ plane1 ,f4 ,x is cov]$ by a ?9 plate ( metal1 pi]c$ ) circul> holes1 :i* correspond to ! op5+s ( ! moveable plate at ! mom5t ( ! passage ( ! latt]1 dur+ :i* ! s5sitive surface receives ! light :]ev] ! circul> holes leave x expos$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca 7hipho#ca4;gif7 ,! "p ( ! app>atus :i* conta9s ! s5sitive surface is an indep5d5t frame1 & x slides f a d>k box into an op5+ on ! side ( ! incl9$ plane4 ,a cov]+ ( black clo? imp]meable to light is1 atta*$ to ! sides ( ! moveable plate1 envelop+ ! :ole incl9$ plane1 roll+ freely ov] two roll]s1 ,r1 ,r1 plac$ ! "o at ! upp] & ! o!r at ! l[] "p ( ! incl9$ plane4 ,?is clo? prev5ts ! light /rik+ ! s5sitive surface be=e & aft] ! passage ( ! moveable plate4 ,x w be se5 t ?is app>atus enables ! exp]im5tali/ to asc]ta9 ) great precision ! exact l5g? ( "t :i* is requir$ to produce a giv5 am\nt ( act9ic *ange ^u any s5sitive photographic surface1 :e!r on metal or pap]4 ,al?\gh at pres5t "s calculation is necess>y to det]m9e ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! "t :i* is necess>y = exposure 9 direct radiation1 & to ! action ( ! second>y radiations ( ! cam]a obscura2 ?is is1 h[ev]1 a v simple matt]1 & x appe>s to u exce$+ly easy to adapt an in/rum5t ( ?is description to ! cam]a itself4 ,by ?is in/rum5t ,mr4 ,claudet has already det]m9$ _m v important po9ts4 ,among o!rs1 he has prov$ t on ! mo/ s5sitive ,dagu]reotype plate an exposure ( 4#jjja "p ( a second is suffici5t to produce a decid$ effect4 ,reg>d+ photography z an auxili>y aid to ! arti/ ( no mean value1 we are pleas$ to record a description ( an in/rum5t :i*1 )\t be+ complicat$1 promises to be exce$+ly useful4 ,9 ?is op9ion we are n s+ul>2 at a rec5t meet+ ( ! ,photographic ,club1 to :i* ?is in/rum5t 0 exhibit$1 x 0 ) mu* real satisfaction t we le>n$ t sev]al ( our mo/ em95t arti/s 7 n[ eag] & mo/ successful /ud5ts 9 ,photography4 ,! beautiful productions ( ! m prom95t memb]s ( ?is club excit$ ! admiration ( all1 p>ticul>ly ! copies ( ar*itectural beauties1 & small bits ( l&scape1 by ,messrs4 ,cundell & ,ow54 ,we ?9k t n[ ! arti/ sees ! advantage he may d]ive f ! aid ( sci5ce1 t bo? w ga9 by ! union4 ,i hope ! above description w induce our t[nsman1 ,mr4 ,roa*1 to successfully produce an in/rum5t t w meet ! wants ( our arti/s 9 t "p ( ! ,dagu]rean process ref]r$ to4 ,,f9is4 ,,index4 ,accel]at+ ,liquids4 #fe ,amphitype4 #aaf ,an?otype4 #aac ,app>atus4 ,dagu]reotype4 #dc ,calotype #ig ,photog5ic #hg ,application ( ,photog5ic ,draw+4 #ie ,apply+ ! ,s5sitive4 #fd ,br++ out ! ,picture4 #ga ,brom9e ,box4 #ea ,*loride ( #fh ,roa*'s ,tripple ,comp\nd ( #fg wat]4 #fe ,bromide ( ,iod9e4 #fg ( ,lime4 #fh ,pap]4 #ia ( silv]4 #ce ,bru%es4 #hh ,buff ,/icks4 #fj ,calotype process4 #ig pap]4 ,exposure 9 ,cam]a ( #ajj ,pictures4 ,br++ out ib4 ,fix+ #aja ,cam]a4 ,description ( ! #dc ,/&4 #di ,woodbridge's ib4 ,calotype4 #ej ,voigtl&] #de ,*loride ( ,brom9e4 #fh ( ,gold4 #cf to make a solution ( #ge ( ,iod9e4 #ff ( ,silv]4 #ca ,*romatype4 #aab ,*rysotype4 #ajf ,clean+ & ,poli%+ ! plate4 #fa ,coat+ ,boxes4 #ea ,color ,boxes4 #ec ,color$ ,dagu]reotypes on ,copp]4 #gg ,color+ ! ,picture4 #gf ,dagu]reotypes4 #abi ,concave ,mirrors4 #ai ,convex ,mirrors #ai ,cor*orus ,japonica4 #cg ,crayon ,dagu]reotypes4 #abj ,cyanotype #aji ,dagu]reotype ,app>atus4 #dc ,process4 #fa ,plates4 #fb ,dagu]reotypes4 ,crayon #gg on pap] #ha ,d$ication4 iii ,def9itions ( t]ms us$ 9 optics1 #ae ,diff]5t me?ods ( prep>+ photog5ic pap]4 #hi ,directions = use ( ,galvanic ,batt]y4 #eh ,di/ill$ wat] #hh ,drummond light4 #abh ,dry ,s5sitive4 #fh ,dry+ app>atus4 #gb ,effects ( light on bodies #be ,en]giatype #aaa ,et*+ ,dagu]reotypes4 #hc ,fif? op]ation4 ,fix+ ! picture4 #fa ,fir/ op]ation4 ,clean+ ! plate #fa ,fluoric acid4 #fi ,f\r? op]ation-,br++ out ! picture4 #ga ,funnels4 #ec ,galvanic ,batt]y4 #eg ,solution = use ( #eh ,gild+ /&4 #ec ! picture4 #gd ,gold4 ,*loride ( #cf ,to make solution ( #ge ,hyposulphite2 or ,salt ( #gd ,prep>ation (4 #cf ,gurney's ,s5sitive4 #fg ,head ,re/s4 #eg ,h9ts & ,sugge/ions4 #ci ,hi/ory ( ,photography4 #c ,hung>ian ,liquid4 #fi ,hygromet]s4 #ee ,hyposulphite ( ,gold4 #gd ( ,soda4 #bh ,in/antane\s pictures by means ( ,galvanism4 #gg ,introduction4 i ,iod9e1 ,dry #fd ,*loride ( #ff ,bromide ( #fg ,box4 #ea ,iodide ( silv]4 #cb ,ioduret ( silv]4 #cc ,iodize ! ,plate4 ,to #fd ,iodiz$ ,pap] = ,calotypes4 ,to prep>e #ih ,to prep>e = ! ,cam]a ib4 ,lamps1 ,_s #ec ,light4 ,!ory on #ad ,motion ( #af ,reflection ( #ag ,refraction ( #bj on bodies4 ,effects ( #be ,prismatic analysis ( #bb ,lime1 ,bromide ( #fh ,lun> ,pictures4 #abg ,mead's ,accel]ator4 #fh ,m]cury ,ba? #ej ,nitrate ( ,silv]4 #hi ,oxide ( ,silv]4 #bi ,on color+ ,dagu]reotypes #abi ,on ! probability ( ,produc+ color$ ,photographs4 #abc ,pap]4 blott+2 or bibul\s1 #hh ,dagu]reotypes4 #ha prep>ation ( #hi suitable = ,photographs4 #hg ,photog5ic draw+ on ib ,photographic pr9ciple1 ! #bb ,photographic process on pap]4 #ib draw+4 ,application ( #ie ,to fix ! #ic deviations4 #abf ,photographomet]1 ,! #ace ,plate ,support4 #ei ,blocks4 #ej ,vice4 #ea ,poppy1 ,! ,r$ #cg ,porcela9 di%es4 #ei ,positive ,calotype #ajd ,preface4 v ,prep>ation ( ,iodiz$ ,pap]4 #ih ( ,gold4 #cf ,prismatic ,spectrum4 #bb ,analysis ( ,light4 ib ,reflection ( ,light4 #ag ,refraction ( ,light4 #bj ,roa*'s ,tripple ,comp\nd ( ,brom9e4 #fg ,s& ,clock4 #gj ,seal+ pap]4 ,to make #gg ,second op]ation4 #id ,s5sitive4 ib ,silv]4 ,bromide ( #ce ,*loride ( #ca ,iodide ( #cb ,ioduret ( #cc ,nitrate ( #hi ,oxide ( #bh ,solution ( ,*loride ( #ei ,six? op]ation4 #gd ,soda ,hyposulphite ( #gb ,sol> & ,/ell> ,light4 #ba ,/ill = purify+ wat]1 #ed ,submitt+ ! ,plate to ! action ( ,light #fi ,synopsis ( ,mr4 ,hunt's ,treatise on ,light1 #bi ,talbotype ,cam]a4 #ej ,!ory on ,light4 #ad ,?ird op]ation4 #fi ,wall ,fl[]4 #cg