,,alcibiades ,i by ,plato 7may be spuri\s--see ,app5dix ,i7 ,translat$ by ,b5jam9 ,j[ett ,,app5dix ,i4 ,x seems impossible to sep>ate by any exact l9e ! g5u9e writ+s ( ,plato f ! spuri\s4 ,! only ext]nal evid5ce to !m :i* is ( mu* value is t ( ,ari/otle2 = ! ,alex&rian catalogues ( a c5tury lat] include manife/ =g]ies4 ,ev5 ! value ( ! ,ari/otelian au?ority is a good deal impair$ by ! unc]ta9ty conc]n+ ! date & au?or%ip ( ! writ+s :i* are ascrib$ to him4 ,& sev]al ( ! citations ( ,ari/otle omit ! "n ( ,plato1 & "s ( !m omit ! "n ( ! dialogue f :i* !y are tak54 ,prior1 h[ev]1 to ! enquiry ab\t ! writ+s ( a p>ticul> au?or1 g5]al consid]ations :i* equally affect all evid5ce to ! g5u95ess ( anci5t writ+s are ! foll[+3 ,%ort] works are m likely to h be5 =g$1 or to h receiv$ an errone\s designation1 ?an long] ones2 & "s k9ds ( composition1 su* z epi/les or panegyrical orations1 are m liable to suspicion ?an o!rs2 ^?1 aga91 :i* h a ta/e ( sophi/ry 9 !m1 or ! r+ ( a lat] age1 or ! slight] "* ( a rhetorical ex]cise1 or 9 :i* a motive or "s aff9ity to spuri\s writ+s c be detect$1 or :i* seem to h orig9at$ 9 a "n or /atem5t really occurr+ 9 "s classical au?or1 are also ( d\btful cr$it2 :ile !re is no in/ance ( any anci5t writ+ prov$ to be a =g]y1 :i* comb9es excell5ce ) l5g?4 ,a really great & orig9al writ] w\ld h no object 9 fa!r+ 8 works on ,plato2 & to ! =g] or imitator1 ! 'lit]>y hack' ( ,alex&ria & ,a!ns1 ! ,gods did n grant orig9ality or g5ius4 ,fur!r1 9 attempt+ to balance ! evid5ce = & aga9/ a ,platonic dialogue1 we mu/ n =get t ! =m ( ! ,platonic writ+ 0 common to sev]al ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,aes*9es1 ,euclid1 ,pha$o1 ,anti/h5es1 & 9 ! next g5]ation ,ari/otle1 are all said to h compos$ dialogues2 & mi/akes ( names are v likely to h occurr$4 ,greek lit]ature 9 ! ?ird c5tury be=e ,*ri/ 0 almo/ z volum9\s z our own1 & )\t ! safegu>ds ( regul> publication1 or pr9t+1 or b9d+1 or ev5 ( di/9ct titles4 ,an unkn[n writ+ 0 naturally attribut$ to a kn[n writ] ^: works bore ! same "*2 & ! "n once app5d$ easily obta9$ au?ority4 ,a t5d5cy may also be obs]v$ to bl5d ! works & op9ions ( ! ma/] ) ^? ( 8 s*ol>s4 ,to a lat] ,platoni/1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,plato & 8 imitators 0 n s p]ceptible z to ourselves4 ,! ,memorabilia ( ,x5ophon & ! ,dialogues ( ,plato are b a "p ( a consid]able ,socratic lit]ature :i* has pass$ away4 ,& we mu/ consid] h[ we %\ld reg>d ! "q ( ! g5u95ess ( a p>ticul> writ+1 if ?is lo/ lit]ature _h be5 pres]v$ to u4 ,^! consid]ations lead u to adopt ! foll[+ crit]ia ( g5u95ess3 7#a7 ,t is mo/ c]ta9ly ,plato's :i* ,ari/otle attributes to him by "n1 :i* 7#b7 is ( consid]able l5g?1 ( 7#c7 great excell5ce1 & also 7#d7 9 h>mony ) ! g5]al _s ( ! ,platonic writ+s4 ,b ! te/imony ( ,ari/otle _c always be di/+ui%$ f t ( a lat] age 7see above72 & has v>i\s degrees ( importance4 ,^? writ+s :i* he cites )\t m5tion+ ,plato1 "u _! own names1 e4g4 ! ,hippias1 ! ,fun]al ,oration1 ! ,pha$o1 etc41 h an inf]ior degree ( evid5ce 9 _! fav\r4 ,!y may h be5 suppos$ by him to be ! writ+s ( ano!r1 al?\gh 9 ! case ( really great works1 e4g4 ! ,pha$o1 ?is is n cr$ible2 ^? aga9 :i* are quot$ b n nam$1 are /ill m defective 9 _! ext]nal cr$5tials4 ,!re may be also a possibility t ,ari/otle 0 mi/ak51 or may h confus$ ! ma/] & 8 s*ol>s 9 ! case ( a %ort writ+2 b ?is is inconceivable ab\t a m important "w1 e4g4 ! ,laws1 especially :5 we rememb] t he 0 liv+ at ,a!ns1 & a frequ5t] ( ! groves ( ! ,academy1 dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s ( ,plato's life4 ,nor mu/ we =get t 9 all 8 num]\s citations f ! ,platonic writ+s he nev] attributes any passage f\nd 9 ! extant dialogues to any "o b ,plato4 ,& la/ly1 we may rem>k t "o or two great writ+s1 su* z ! ,p>m5ides & ! ,politicus1 :i* are :olly devoid ( ,ari/otelian 7#a7 cr$5tials may be fairly attribut$ to ,plato1 on ! gr\nd ( 7#b7 l5g?1 7#c7 excell5ce1 & 7#d7 accordance ) ! g5]al _s ( 8 writ+s4 ,inde$ ! great] "p ( ! evid5ce = ! g5u95ess ( anci5t ,greek au?ors may be summ$ up "u two heads only3 7#a7 excell5ce2 & 7#b7 uni=mity ( tradition--a k9d ( evid5ce1 :i* ?\gh 9 _m cases suffici5t1 is ( inf]ior value4 ,proce$+ ^u ^! pr9ciples we appe> to arrive at ! conclusion t n9ete5-tw5tie?s ( all ! writ+s :i* h ev] be5 ascrib$ to ,plato1 are und\bt$ly g5u9e4 ,!re is ano!r portion ( !m1 includ+ ! ,epi/les1 ! ,ep9omis1 ! dialogues reject$ by ! anci5ts !mselves1 namely1 ! ,axio*us1 ,de ju/o1 ,de virtute1 ,demodocus1 ,sisyphus1 ,eryxias1 :i* on gr\nds1 bo? ( int]nal & ext]nal evid5ce1 we are able ) equal c]ta9ty to reject4 ,b !re /ill rema9s a small portion ( :i* we are unable to affirm ei!r t !y are g5u9e or spuri\s4 ,!y may h be5 writt5 9 y\?1 or possibly l ! works ( "s pa9t]s1 may be p>tly or :olly ! compositions ( pupils2 or !y may h be5 ! writ+s ( "s contempor>y transf]r$ by accid5t to ! m celebrat$ "n ( ,plato1 or ( "s ,platoni/ 9 ! next g5]ation :o aspir$ to imitate 8 ma/]4 ,n t on gr\nds ei!r ( language or philosophy we %\ld lightly reject !m4 ,"s diff]5ce ( /yle1 or inf]iority ( execution1 or inconsi/5cy ( ?\ght1 c h>dly be consid]$ decisive ( _! spuri\s "*4 ,= :o always does ju/ice to himself1 or :o writes ) equal c>e at all times8 ,c]ta9ly n ,plato1 :o exhibits ! greate/ diff]5ces 9 dramatic p[]1 9 ! =mation ( s5t5ces1 & 9 ! use ( words1 if 8 e>li] writ+s are comp>$ ) 8 lat] ones1 say ! ,protagoras or ,pha$rus ) ! ,laws4 ,or :o c be expect$ to ?9k 9 ! same mann] dur+ a p]iod ( au?or%ip ext5d+ ov] above fifty ye>s1 9 an age ( great intellectual activity1 z well z ( political & lit]>y transition8 ,c]ta9ly n ,plato1 ^: e>li] writ+s are sep>at$ f 8 lat] ones by z wide an int]val ( philosophical speculation z t :i* sep>ates 8 lat] writ+s f ,ari/otle4 ,! dialogues :i* h be5 translat$ 9 ! fir/ ,app5dix1 & :i* appe> to h ! next claim to g5u95ess among ! ,platonic writ+s1 are ! ,less] ,hippias1 ! ,m5ex5us or ,fun]al ,oration1 ! ,fir/ ,alcibiades4 ,( ^!1 ! ,less] ,hippias & ! ,fun]al ,oration are cit$ by ,ari/otle2 ! fir/ 9 ! ,metaphysics1 ! latt] 9 ! ,rhetoric4 ,nei!r ( !m are expressly attribut$ to ,plato1 b 9 8 citation ( bo? ( !m he seems to be ref]r+ to passages 9 ! extant dialogues4 ,f ! m5tion ( ',hippias' 9 ! s+ul> by ,ari/otle1 we may p]haps inf] t he 0 unacqua9t$ ) a second dialogue be>+ ! same "n4 ,moreov]1 ! m]e exi/5ce ( a ,great] & ,less] ,hippias1 & ( a ,fir/ & ,second ,alcibiades1 does to a c]ta9 ext5t ?r[ a d\bt ^u bo? ( !m4 ,?\gh a v clev] & +5i\s "w1 ! ,less] ,hippias does n appe> to conta9 any?+ beyond ! p[] ( an imitator1 :o 0 also a c>eful /ud5t ( ! e>li] ,platonic writ+s1 to inv5t4 ,! motive or lead+ ?\ght ( ! dialogue may be detect$ 9 ,x54 ,mem41 & !re is no simil> in/ance ( a 'motive' :i* is tak5 f ,x5ophon 9 an und\bt$ dialogue ( ,plato4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! uphold]s ( ! g5u95ess ( ! dialogue w f9d 9 ! ,hippias a true ,socratic _s2 !y w comp>e ! ,ion z be+ ak9 bo? 9 subject & treatm5t2 !y w urge ! au?ority ( ,ari/otle2 & !y w detect 9 ! treatm5t ( ! ,sophi/1 9 ! satirical reason+ ^u ,hom]1 9 ! r$uctio ad absurdum ( ! doctr9e t vice is ignorance1 traces ( a ,platonic au?or%ip4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! la/ po9t we are d\btful1 z 9 "s ( ! o!r dialogues1 :e!r ! au?or is ass]t+ or ov]?r[+ ! p>adox ( ,socrates1 or m]ely foll[+ ! argum5t ':i!r ! w9d bl[s4' ,t no conclusion is arriv$ at is also 9 accordance ) ! "* ( ! e>li] dialogues4 ,! resemblances or imitations ( ! ,gorgias1 ,protagoras1 & ,eu?ydemus1 :i* h be5 obs]v$ 9 ! ,hippias1 _c ) c]ta9ty be adduc$ on ei!r side ( ! argum5t4 ,on ! :ole1 m may be said 9 fav\r ( ! g5u95ess ( ! ,hippias ?an aga9/ x4 ,! ,m5ex5us or ,fun]al ,oration is cit$ by ,ari/otle1 & is int]e/+ z supply+ an example ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! orators prais$ '! ,a!nians among ! ,a!nians1' falsify+ p]sons & dates1 & ca/+ a veil ov] ! gloomi] ev5ts ( ,a!nian hi/ory4 ,x exhibits an acqua9tance ) ! fun]al oration ( ,?ucydides1 & 01 p]haps1 int5d$ to rival t great "w4 ,if g5u9e1 ! prop] place ( ! ,m5ex5us w\ld be at ! end ( ! ,pha$rus4 ,! satirical op5+ & ! conclud+ words be> a great resemblance to ! e>li] dialogues2 ! oration itself is pr(ess$ly a mimetic "w1 l ! spee*es 9 ! ,pha$rus1 & _c !re=e be te/$ by a comp>ison ( ! o!r writ+s ( ,plato4 ,! fun]al oration ( ,p]icles is expressly m5tion$ 9 ! ,pha$rus1 & ?is may h sugge/$ ! subject1 9 ! same mann] t ! ,cleitophon appe>s to be sugge/$ by ! slight m5tion ( ,cleitophon & 8 atta*m5t to ,?rasyma*us 9 ! ,republic2 & ! ,!ages by ! m5tion ( ,!ages 9 ! ,apology & ,republic2 or z ! ,second ,alcibiades seems to be f\nd$ ^u ! text ( ,x5ophon1 ,mem4 ,a simil> ta/e = p>ody appe>s n only 9 ! ,pha$rus1 b 9 ! ,protagoras1 9 ! ,symposium1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 ! ,p>m5ides4 ,to ^! two d\btful writ+s ( ,plato ,i h add$ ! ,fir/ ,alcibiades1 :i*1 ( all ! disput$ dialogues ( ,plato1 has ! greate/ m]it1 & is some:at long] ?an any ( !m1 ?\gh n v]ifi$ by ! te/imony ( ,ari/otle1 & 9 _m respects at v>iance ) ! ,symposium 9 ! description ( ! relations ( ,socrates & ,alcibiades4 ,l ! ,less] ,hippias & ! ,m5ex5us1 x is to be comp>$ to ! e>li] writ+s ( ,plato4 ,! motive ( ! piece may1 p]haps1 be f\nd 9 t passage ( ! ,symposium 9 :i* ,alcibiades describes himself z self-convict$ by ! words ( ,socrates4 ,= ! disp>ag+ mann] 9 :i* ,s*lei]ma*] has spok5 ( ?is dialogue !re seems to be no suffici5t f\ndation4 ,at ! same "t1 ! lesson imp>t$ is simple1 & ! irony m transp>5t ?an 9 ! und\bt$ dialogues ( ,plato4 ,we "k1 too1 t ,alcibiades 0 a fav\rite !sis1 & t at lea/ five or six dialogues be>+ ?is "n pass$ curr5t 9 antiquity1 & are attribut$ to contempor>ies ( ,socrates & ,plato4 7#a7 ,9 ! entire abs5ce ( real ext]nal evid5ce 7= ! catalogues ( ! ,alex&rian libr>ians _c be reg>d$ z tru/wor?y72 & 7#b7 9 ! abs5ce ( ! highe/ m>ks ei!r ( poetical or philosophical excell5ce2 & 7#c7 consid]+ t we h express te/imony to ! exi/5ce ( contempor>y writ+s be>+ ! "n ( ,alcibiades1 we are compell$ to susp5d our judgm5t on ! g5u95ess ( ! extant dialogue4 ,nei!r at ?is po9t1 nor at any o!r1 d we propose to draw an absolute l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 g5u9e & spuri\s writ+s ( ,plato4 ,!y fade (f imp]ceptibly f "o class to ano!r4 ,!re may h be5 degrees ( g5u95ess 9 ! dialogues !mselves1 z !re are c]ta9ly degrees ( evid5ce by :i* !y are support$4 ,! traditions ( ! oral disc\rses bo? ( ,socrates & ,plato may h =m$ ! basis ( semi-,platonic writ+s2 "s ( !m may be ( ! same mix$ "* :i* is app>5t 9 ,ari/otle & ,hippocrates1 al?\gh ! =m ( !m is diff]5t4 ,b ! writ+s ( ,plato1 unlike ! writ+s ( ,ari/otle1 seem nev] to h be5 confus$ ) ! writ+s ( 8 disciples3 ?is 0 probably due to _! def9ite =m1 & to _! inimitable excell5ce4 ,! ?ree dialogues :i* we h (f]$ 9 ! ,app5dix to ! criticism ( ! read] may be p>tly spuri\s & p>tly g5u9e2 !y may be altoge!r spuri\s2--t is an alt]native :i* mu/ be frankly admitt$4 ,nor c we ma9ta9 ( "s o!r dialogues1 su* z ! ,p>m5ides1 & ! ,sophi/1 & ,politicus1 t no consid]able objection c be urg$ aga9/ !m1 ?\gh greatly ov]balanc$ by ! weight 7*iefly7 ( int]nal evid5ce 9 _! fav\r4 ,nor1 on ! o!r h&1 c we exclude a b>e possibility t "s dialogues :i* are usually reject$1 su* z ! ,great] ,hippias & ! ,cleitophon1 may be g5u9e4 ,! nature & object ( ^! semi-,platonic writ+s require m c>eful /udy & m comp>ison ( !m ) "o ano!r1 & ) =g$ writ+s 9 g5]al1 ?an !y h yet receiv$1 be=e we c f9ally decide on _! "*4 ,we d n consid] !m all z g5u9e until !y c be prov$ to be spuri\s1 z is (t5 ma9ta9$ & /ill m (t5 impli$ 9 ?is & simil> discussions2 b %\ld say ( "s ( !m1 t _! g5u95ess is nei!r prov5 nor disprov5 until fur!r evid5ce ab\t !m c be adduc$4 ,& we are z confid5t t ! ,epi/les are spuri\s1 z t ! ,republic1 ! ,timaeus1 & ! ,laws are g5u9e4 ,on ! :ole1 n a tw5tie? "p ( ! writ+s :i* pass "u ! "n ( ,plato1 if we exclude ! works reject$ by ! anci5ts !mselves & two or ?ree o!r plausible inv5tions1 c be fairly d\bt$ by ^? :o are will+ to all[ t a consid]able *ange & gr[? may h tak5 place 9 8 philosophy 7see above74 ,t tw5tie? debatable portion sc>cely 9 any degree affects our judgm5t ( ,plato1 ei!r z a ?9k] or a writ]1 & ?\gh sugge/+ "s int]e/+ que/ions to ! s*ol> & critic1 is ( little importance to ! g5]al read]4 ,,alcibiades ,i by ,plato 7see ,app5dix ,i above7 ,translat$ by ,b5jam9 ,j[ett ,,introduction4 ,! ,fir/ ,alcibiades is a conv]sation betwe5 ,socrates & ,alcibiades4 ,socrates is repres5t$ 9 ! "* :i* he attributes to himself 9 ! ,apology ( a "k-no?+ :o detects ! conceit ( k 9 o!rs4 ,! two h met already 9 ! ,protagoras & 9 ! ,symposium2 9 ! latt] dialogue1 z 9 ?is1 ! relation betwe5 !m is t ( a lov] & 8 belov$4 ,b ! n>rative ( _! loves is told diff]5tly 9 diff]5t places2 = 9 ! ,symposium ,alcibiades is depict$ z ! impassion$ b reject$ lov]2 "h1 z coldly receiv+ ! advances ( ,socrates1 :o1 = ! be/ ( purposes1 lies 9 wait = ! aspir+ & ambiti\s y\?4 ,alcibiades1 :o is describ$ z a v "y man1 is ab\t to ent] on public life1 hav+ an inord9ate op9ion ( himself1 & an extravagant ambition4 ,socrates1 ':o kn[s :at is 9 man1' a/oni%es him by a revelation ( 8 designs4 ,b has he ! k :i* is necess>y = c>ry+ !m out8 ,he is go+ to p]suade ! ,a!nians--ab\t :at8 ,n ab\t any p>ticul> art1 b ab\t politics--:5 to fight & :5 to make peace4 ,n[1 m5 %\ld fight & make peace on j gr\nds1 & !re=e ! "q ( ju/ice & inju/ice mu/ ent] into peace & w>2 & he :o advises ! ,a!nians mu/ "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,does ,alcibiades "k8 ,if he does1 he mu/ ei!r h be5 taught by "s ma/]1 or he mu/ h discov]$ ! nature ( !m himself4 ,if he has _h a ma/]1 ,socrates w\ld l to be in=m$ :o he is1 t he may g & le>n ( him also4 ,alcibiades admits t he has nev] le>n$4 ,!n has he enquir$ = himself8 ,he may h1 if he 0 ev] aw>e ( a "t :5 he 0 ignorant4 ,b he nev] 0 ignorant2 = :5 he play$ ) o!r boys at dice1 he *>g$ !m ) *eat+1 & ?is impli$ a k ( j & unju/4 ,accord+ to 8 own explanation1 he _h le>n$ ( ! multitude4 ,:y1 he asks1 %\ld he n le>n ( !m ! nature ( ju/ice1 z he has le>n$ ! ,greek language ( !m8 ,to ?is ,socrates answ]s1 t !y c tea* ,greek1 b !y _c tea* ju/ice2 = !y are agre$ ab\t ! "o1 b !y are n agre$ ab\t ! o!r3 & !re=e ,alcibiades1 :o has admitt$ t if he kn[s he mu/ ei!r h le>n$ f a ma/] or h discov]$ = himself ! nature ( ju/ice1 is convict$ out ( 8 own m\?4 ,alcibiades rejo9s1 t ! ,a!nians debate n ab\t :at is j1 b ab\t :at is exp$i5t2 & he ass]ts t ! two pr9ciples ( ju/ice & exp$i5cy are oppos$4 ,socrates1 by a s]ies ( que/ions1 compels him to admit t ! j & ! exp$i5t co9cide4 ,alcibiades is ?us r$uc$ to ! humiliat+ conclusion t he kn[s no?+ ( politics1 ev5 if1 z he says1 !y are conc]n$ ) ! exp$i5t4 ,h[ev]1 he is no worse ?an o!r ,a!nian /atesm52 & he w n ne$ tra9+1 = o!rs are z ignorant z he is4 ,he is rem9d$ t he has to cont5d1 n only ) 8 own c\ntrym51 b ) _! enemies--) ! ,sp>tan k+s & ) ! great k+ ( ,p]sia2 & he c only atta9 ?is high] aim ( ambition by ! assi/ance ( ,socrates4 ,n t ,socrates himself pr(esses to h atta9$ ! tru?1 b ! que/ions :i* he asks br+ o!rs to a k ( !mselves1 & ?is is ! fir/ /ep 9 ! practice ( virtue4 ,! dialogue cont9ues3--,we wi% to become z good z possible4 ,b to be good 9 :at8 ,alcibiades replies--',good 9 transact+ bus9ess4' ,b :at bus9ess8 ',! bus9ess ( ! mo/ intellig5t m5 at ,a!ns4' ,! cobbl] is intellig5t 9 %oemak+1 & is !re=e good 9 t2 he is n intellig5t1 & !re=e n good1 9 weav+4 ,is he good 9 ! s5se :i* ,alcibiades means1 :o is also bad8 ',i mean1' replies ,alcibiades1 '! man :o is able to comm& 9 ! city4' ,b to comm& :at--horses or m58 & if m51 "u :at circum/ances8 ',i mean to say1 t he is able to comm& m5 liv+ 9 social & political relations4' ,& :at is _! aim8 ',! bett] pres]vation ( ! city4' ,b :5 is a city bett]8 ',:5 !re is unanimity1 su* z exi/s betwe5 husb& & wife4' ,!n1 :5 husb&s & wives p]=m _! own special duties1 !re c be no unanimity betwe5 !m2 nor c a city be well ord]$ :5 ea* citiz5 does 8 own "w only4 ,alcibiades1 hav+ /at$ fir/ t goodness consi/s 9 ! unanimity ( ! citiz5s1 & !n 9 ea* ( !m do+ 8 own sep>ate "w1 is br\ght to ! requir$ po9t ( self-contradiction1 lead+ him to confess 8 own ignorance4 ,b he is n too old to le>n1 & may /ill arrive at ! tru?1 if he is will+ to be cross-exam9$ by ,socrates4 ,he mu/ "k himself2 t is to say1 n 8 body1 or ! ?+s ( ! body1 b 8 m9d1 or tru] self4 ,! physician kn[s ! body1 & ! tradesman kn[s 8 own bus9ess1 b !y d n necess>ily "k !mselves4 ,self-k c be obta9$ only by look+ into ! m9d & virtue ( ! s\l1 :i* is ! div9] "p ( a man1 z we see our own image 9 ano!r's eye4 ,& if we d n "k ourselves1 we _c "k :at belongs to ourselves or belongs to o!rs1 & are unfit to take a "p 9 political affairs4 ,bo? = ! sake ( ! individual & ( ! /ate1 we ought to aim at ju/ice & temp]ance1 n at weal? or p[]4 ,! evil & unju/ %\ld h no p[]1--!y %\ld be ! slaves ( bett] m5 ?an !mselves4 ,none b ! virtu\s are des]v+ ( fre$om4 ,& are y1 ,alcibiades1 a freeman8 ',i feel t ,i am n2 b ,i hope1 ,socrates1 t by y\r aid ,i may become free1 & f ?is day =w>d ,i w nev] leave y4' ,! ,alcibiades has sev]al po9ts ( resemblance to ! und\bt$ dialogues ( ,plato4 ,! process ( int]rogation is ( ! same k9d ) t :i* ,socrates practises ^u ! y\?ful ,cle9ias 9 ! ,eu?ydemus2 & he *>act]i/ically attributes to ,alcibiades ! answ]s :i* he has elicit$ f him4 ,! def9ition ( good is n>r[$ by successive que/ions1 & virtue is %[n to be id5tical ) k4 ,"h1 z else:]e1 ,socrates awak5s ! consci\sness n ( s9 b ( ignorance4 ,self-humiliation is ! fir/ /ep to k1 ev5 ( ! commone/ ?+s4 ,no man kn[s h[ ignorant he is1 & no man c arrive at virtue & wisdom :o has n once 9 8 life1 at lea/1 be5 convict$ ( error4 ,! process by :i* ! s\l is elevat$ is n unlike t :i* religi\s writ]s describe "u ! "n ( 'conv]sion1' if we sub/itute ! s5se ( ignorance = ! consci\sness ( s94 ,9 "s respects ! dialogue diff]s f any o!r ,platonic composition4 ,! aim is m directly e?ical & hortatory2 ! process by :i* ! antagoni/ is und]m9$ is simpl] ?an 9 o!r ,platonic writ+s1 & ! conclusion m decid$4 ,!re is a good deal ( hum\r 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! pride ( ,alcibiades1 & ( ! ,greeks g5]ally1 is suppos$ to be tak5 d[n by ! ,sp>tan & ,p]sian que5s2 & ! dialogue has consid]able dialectical m]it4 ,b we h a difficulty 9 suppos+ t ! same writ]1 :o has giv5 s pr(\nd & complex a notion ( ! *>act]s bo? ( ,alcibiades & ,socrates 9 ! ,symposium1 %\ld h treat$ !m 9 s ?9 & sup]ficial a mann] 9 ! ,alcibiades1 or t he w\ld h ascrib$ to ! ironical ,socrates ! r unmean+ boa/ t ,alcibiades c\ld n atta9 ! objects ( 8 ambition )\t 8 help2 or t he %\ld h imag9$ t a mighty nature l 8 c\ld h be5 re=m$ by a few n v conclusive words ( ,socrates4 ,= ! argum5ts by :i* ,alcibiades is re=m$ are n conv9c+2 ! writ] ( ! dialogue1 :oev] he 01 arrives at 8 idealism by crook$ & tortu\s pa?s1 9 :i* _m pitfalls are conceal$4 ,! ana*ronism ( mak+ ,alcibiades ab\t tw5ty ye>s old dur+ ! life ( 8 uncle1 ,p]icles1 may be not$2 & ! repetition ( ! fav\rite obs]vation1 :i* occurs also 9 ! ,la*es & ,protagoras1 t great ,a!nian /atesm51 l ,p]icles1 fail$ 9 ! education ( _! sons4 ,!re is none ( ! und\bt$ dialogues ( ,plato 9 :i* !re is s little dramatic v]isimilitude4 ,,alcibiades ,i by ,plato 7see ,app5dix ,i above7 ,translat$ by ,b5jam9 ,j[ett ,,p]sons ,,( ,,! ,,dialogue3 ,alcibiades1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,i d>e say t y may be surpris$ to f9d1 ,o son ( ,cle9ias1 t ,i1 :o am y\r fir/ lov]1 n hav+ spok5 to y = _m ye>s1 :5 ! re/ ( ! _w 7 we>y+ y ) _! att5tions1 am ! la/ ( y\r lov]s :o /ill speaks to y4 ,! cause ( my sil5ce has be5 t ,i 0 h9d]$ by a p[] m ?an human1 ( :i* ,i w "s day expla9 to y ! nature2 ?is imp$im5t has n[ be5 remov$2 ,i !re=e "h pres5t myself be=e y1 & ,i greatly hope t no simil> h9drance w aga9 occur4 ,mean:ile1 ,i h obs]v$ t y\r pride has be5 too mu* = ! pride ( y\r admir]s2 !y 7 num]\s & high-spirit$1 b !y h all run away1 ov]p[]$ by y\r sup]ior =ce ( "*2 n "o ( !m rema9s4 ,& ,i want y to und]/& ! reason :y y h be5 too mu* = !m4 ,y ?9k t y h no ne$ ( !m or ( any o!r man1 = y h great possessions & lack no?+1 beg9n+ ) ! body1 & end+ ) ! s\l4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 y say to y\rself t y are ! faire/ & talle/ ( ! citiz5s1 & ?is e "o :o has eyes may see to be true2 9 ! second place1 t y are among ! noble/ ( !m1 highly connect$ bo? on ! fa!r's & ! "m's side1 & sprung f "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ families 9 y\r own /ate1 :i* is ! greate/ 9 ,hellas1 & hav+ _m fri5ds & k9sm5 ( ! be/ sort1 :o c assi/ y :5 9 ne$2 & !re is "o pot5t relative1 :o is m to y ?an all ! re/1 ,p]icles ! son ( ,xan?ippus1 :om y\r fa!r left gu>dian ( y1 & ( y\r bro!r1 & :o c d z he pleases n only 9 ?is city1 b 9 all ,hellas1 & among _m & mighty b>b>\s nations4 ,moreov]1 y are ri*2 b ,i mu/ say t y value y\rself lea/ ( all ^u y\r possessions4 ,& all ^! ?+s h lift$ y up2 y h ov]come y\r lov]s1 & !y h ackn[l$g$ t y 7 too mu* = !m4 ,h y n rem>k$ _! abs5ce8 ,& n[ ,i "k t y wond] :y ,i1 unlike ! re/ ( !m1 h n gone away1 & :at c be my motive 9 rema9+4 ,,alcibiades3 ,p]haps1 ,socrates1 y are n aw>e t ,i 0 j go+ to ask y ! v same "q--,:at d y want8 ,& :at is y\r motive 9 annoy+ me1 & always1 :]ev] ,i am1 mak+ a po9t ( com+8 7,comp>e ,symp47 ,i d really wond] :at y mean1 & %\ld greatly l to "k4 ,,socrates3 ,!n if1 z y say1 y desire to "k1 ,i suppose t y w be will+ to he>1 & ,i may consid] myself to be speak+ to an auditor :o w rema91 & w n run away8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly1 let me he>4 ,,socrates3 ,y _h bett] be c>eful1 = ,i may v likely be z unwill+ to end z ,i h hi!rto be5 to beg94 ,,alcibiades3 ,proce$1 my good man1 & ,i w li/54 ,,socrates3 ,i w proce$2 &1 al?\gh no lov] likes to speak ) "o :o has no feel+ ( love 9 him 7comp>e ,symp471 ,i w make an ef=t1 & tell y :at ,i meant3 ,my love1 ,alcibiades1 :i* ,i h>dly l to confess1 w\ld long ago h pass$ away1 z ,i flatt] myself1 if ,i saw y lov+ y\r good ?+s1 or ?9k+ t y ought to pass life 9 ! enjoym5t ( !m4 ,b ,i %all reveal o!r ?\ghts ( y\rs1 :i* y keep to y\rself2 :]eby y w "k t ,i h always _h my eye on y4 ,suppose t at ?is mom5t "s ,god came to y & said3 ,alcibiades1 w y live z y are1 or die 9 an in/ant if y are =bidd5 to make any fur!r acquisition8--,i v]ily believe t y w\ld *oose dea?4 ,& ,i w tell y ! hope 9 :i* y are at pres5t liv+3 ,be=e _m days h elaps$1 y ?9k t y w come be=e ! ,a!nian assembly1 & w prove to !m t y are m wor?y ( hon\r ?an ,p]icles1 or any o!r man t ev] liv$1 & hav+ prov$ ?is1 y w h ! greate/ p[] 9 ! /ate4 ,:5 y h ga9$ ! greate/ p[] among u1 y w g on to o!r ,hell5ic /ates1 & n only to ,hell5es1 b to all ! b>b>ians :o inhabit ! same cont95t ) u4 ,& if ! ,god 7 !n to say to y aga93 ,"h 9 ,europe is to be y\r seat ( empire1 & y mu/ n cross ov] into ,asia or m$dle ) ,asiatic affairs1 ,i d n believe t y w\ld *oose to live ^u ^! t]ms2 b ! _w1 z ,i may say1 mu/ be fill$ ) y\r p[] & "n--no man less ?an ,cyrus & ,x]xes is ( any acc\nt ) y4 ,su* ,i "k to be y\r hopes--,i am n guess+ only--& v likely y1 :o "k t ,i am speak+ ! tru?1 w reply1 ,well1 ,socrates1 b :at h my hopes to d ) ! explanation :i* y promis$ ( y\r unwill+ness to leave me8 ,& t is :at ,i am n[ go+ to tell y1 sweet son ( ,cle9ias & ,d9oma*e4 ,! explanation is1 t all ^! designs ( y\rs _c be accompli%$ by y )\t my help2 s great is ! p[] :i* ,i believe myself to h ov] y & y\r conc]ns2 & ?is ,i conceive to be ! reason :y ! ,god has hi!rto =bidd5 me to conv]se ) y1 & ,i h be5 long expect+ 8 p]mission4 ,=1 z y hope to prove y\r own great value to ! /ate1 & hav+ prov$ x1 to atta9 at once to absolute p[]1 s d ,i indulge a hope t ,i %all be ! supreme p[] ov] y1 if ,i am able to prove my own great value to y1 & to %[ y t nei!r gu>dian1 nor k9sman1 nor any "o is able to deliv] into y\r h&s ! p[] :i* y desire1 b ,i only1 ,god be+ my help]4 ,:5 y 7 "y 7comp>e ,symp47 & y\r hopes 7 n yet matur$1 ,i %\ld h wa/$ my "t1 & !re=e1 z ,i conceive1 ! ,god =bade me to conv]se ) y2 b n[1 hav+ 8 p]mission1 ,i w speak1 = n[ y w li/5 to me4 ,,alcibiades3 ,y\r sil5ce1 ,socrates1 0 always a surprise to me4 ,i nev] c\ld und]/& :y y foll[$ me ab\t1 & n[ t y h begun to speak aga91 ,i am /ill m amaz$4 ,:e!r ,i ?9k all ?is or n1 is a matt] ab\t :i* y seem to h already made up y\r m9d1 & !re=e my d5ial w h no effect ^u y4 ,b grant+1 if ,i mu/1 t y h p]fectly div9$ my purposes1 :y is y\r assi/ance necess>y to ! atta9m5t ( !m8 ,c y tell me :y8 ,,socrates3 ,y want to "k :e!r ,i c make a long spee*1 su* z y are 9 ! habit ( he>+2 b t is n my way4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t ,i c prove to y ! tru? ( :at ,i am say+1 if y w grant me "o little fav\r4 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 if ! fav\r :i* y mean be n a tr\blesome "o4 ,,socrates3 ,w y be tr\bl$ at hav+ que/ions to answ]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,n at all4 ,,socrates3 ,!n please to answ]4 ,,alcibiades3 ,ask me4 ,,socrates3 ,h y n ! int5tion :i* ,i attribute to y8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i w grant any?+ y l1 9 ! hope ( he>+ :at m y h to say4 ,,socrates3 ,y d1 !n1 mean1 z ,i 0 say+1 to come =w>d 9 a little :ile 9 ! "* ( an advis] ( ! ,a!nians8 ,& suppose t :5 y are asc5d+ ! bema1 ,i pull y by ! sleeve & say1 ,alcibiades1 y are gett+ up to advise ! ,a!nians--d y "k ! matt] ab\t :i* !y are go+ to delib]ate1 bett] ?an !y8--,h[ w\ld y answ]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld reply1 t ,i 0 go+ to advise !m ab\t a matt] :i* ,i d "k bett] ?an !y4 ,,socrates3 ,!n y are a good advis] ab\t ! ?+s :i* y "k8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& d y "k any?+ b :at y h le>n$ ( o!rs1 or f\nd out y\rself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is all4 ,,socrates3 ,& w\ld y h ev] le>n$ or discov]$ any?+1 if y _h n be5 will+ ei!r to le>n ( o!rs or to exam9e y\rself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld n4 ,,socrates3 ,& w\ld y h be5 will+ to le>n or to exam9e :at y suppos$ t y knew8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,!n !re 0 a "t :5 y ?\ght t y did n "k :at y are n[ suppos$ to "k8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,i ?9k t ,i "k tol]ably well ! ext5t ( y\r acquirem5ts2 & y mu/ tell me if ,i =get any ( !m3 accord+ to my recollection1 y le>n$ ! arts ( writ+1 ( play+ on ! lyre1 & ( wre/l+2 ! flute y nev] w\ld le>n2 ?is is ! sum ( y\r accompli%m5ts1 unless !re 7 "s :i* y acquir$ 9 secret2 & ,i ?9k t secrecy 0 h>dly possible1 z y c\ld n h come out ( y\r door1 ei!r by day or night1 )\t my see+ y4 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 t 0 ! :ole ( my s*ool+4 ,,socrates3 ,& are y go+ to get up 9 ! ,a!nian assembly1 & give !m advice ab\t writ+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no1 inde$4 ,,socrates3 ,or ab\t ! t\* ( ! lyre8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,& !y are n 9 ! habit ( delib]at+ ab\t wre/l+1 9 ! assembly8 ,,alcibiades3 ,h>dly4 ,,socrates3 ,!n :at are ! delib]ations 9 :i* y propose to advise !m8 ,surely n ab\t build+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no4 ,,socrates3 ,= ! build] w advise bett] ?an y w ab\t t8 ,,alcibiades3 ,he w4 ,,socrates3 ,nor ab\t div9ation8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no4 ,,socrates3 ,ab\t t aga9 ! div9] w advise bett] ?an y w8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,:e!r he be little or great1 good or ill-look+1 noble or ignoble--makes no diff]5ce4 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,a man is a good advis] ab\t any?+1 n because he has ri*es1 b because he has k8 ,,alcibiades3 ,assur$ly4 ,,socrates3 ,:e!r _! c\nsellor is ri* or poor1 is n a matt] :i* w make any diff]5ce to ! ,a!nians :5 !y are delib]at+ ab\t ! heal? ( ! citiz5s2 !y only require t he %\ld be a physician4 ,,alcibiades3 ,( c\rse4 ,,socrates3 ,!n :at w be ! subject ( delib]ation ab\t :i* y w be ju/ifi$ 9 gett+ up & advis+ !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,ab\t _! own conc]ns1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,y mean ab\t %ipbuild+1 = example1 :5 ! "q is :at sort ( %ips !y ought to build8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no1 ,i %\ld n advise !m ab\t t4 ,,socrates3 ,i suppose1 because y d n und]/& %ipbuild+3--is t ! reason8 ,,alcibiades3 ,x is4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ab\t :at conc]ns ( !irs w y advise !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,ab\t w>1 ,socrates1 or ab\t peace1 or ab\t any o!r conc]ns ( ! /ate4 ,,socrates3 ,y mean1 :5 !y delib]ate ) :om !y ought to make peace1 & ) :om !y ought to g to w>1 & 9 :at mann]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& !y ought to g to w> ) ^? aga9/ :om x is bett] to g to w>8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 x is bett]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& = z long a "t z is bett]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,b suppose ! ,a!nians to delib]ate ) :om !y ought to close 9 wre/l+1 & :om !y %\ld grasp by ! h&1 w\ld y1 or ! ma/] ( gymna/ics1 be a bett] advis] ( !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly1 ! ma/] ( gymna/ics4 ,,socrates3 ,& c y tell me on :at gr\nds ! ma/] ( gymna/ics w\ld decide1 ) :om !y ought or ought n to close1 & :5 & h[8 ,to take an in/ance3 ,w\ld he n say t !y %\ld wre/le ) ^? aga9/ :om x is be/ to wre/le8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& z mu* z is be/8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& at su* times z are be/8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,aga92 y sometimes accompany ! lyre ) ! song & dance8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,:5 x is well to d s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& z mu* z is well8 ,,alcibiades3 ,j s4 ,,socrates3 ,& z y speak ( an excell5ce or art ( ! be/ 9 wre/l+1 & ( an excell5ce 9 play+ ! lyre1 ,i wi% y w\ld tell me :at ?is latt] is2--! excell5ce ( wre/l+ ,i call gymna/ic1 & ,i want to "k :at y call ! o!r4 ,,alcibiades3 ,i d n und]/& y4 ,,socrates3 ,!n try to d z ,i d2 = ! answ] :i* ,i gave is univ]sally "r1 & :5 ,i say "r1 ,i mean accord+ to rule4 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& 0 n ! art ( :i* ,i spoke gymna/ic8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& ,i call$ ! excell5ce 9 wre/l+ gymna/ic8 ,,alcibiades3 ,y did4 ,,socrates3 ,& ,i 0 "r8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i ?9k t y 74 ,,socrates3 ,well1 n[1--= y %\ld le>n to argue prettily--let me ask y 9 return to tell me1 fir/1 :at is t art ( :i* play+ & s++1 & /epp+ prop]ly 9 ! dance1 are p>ts1--:at is ! "n ( ! :ole8 ,i ?9k t by ?is "t y mu/ be able to tell4 ,,alcibiades3 ,inde$ ,i _c4 ,,socrates3 ,!n let me put ! matt] 9 ano!r way3 :at d y call ! ,goddesses :o are ! patronesses ( art8 ,,alcibiades3 ,! ,muses d y mean1 ,socrates8 ,,socrates3 ,yes1 ,i d2 & :at is ! "n ( ! art :i* is call$ aft] !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i suppose t y mean music4 ,,socrates3 ,yes1 t is my mean+2 & :at is ! excell5ce ( ! art ( music1 z ,i told y truly t ! excell5ce ( wre/l+ 0 gymna/ic--:at is ! excell5ce ( music--to be :at8 ,,alcibiades3 ,to be musical1 ,i suppose4 ,,socrates3 ,v good2 & n[ please to tell me :at is ! excell5ce ( w> & peace2 z ! m musical 0 ! m excell5t1 or ! m gymna/ical 0 ! m excell5t1 tell me1 :at "n d y give to ! m excell5t 9 w> & peace8 ,,alcibiades3 ,b ,i really _c tell y4 ,,socrates3 ,b if y 7 (f]+ advice to ano!r & said to him--,?is food is bett] ?an t1 at ?is "t & 9 ?is quantity1 & he said to y--,:at d y mean1 ,alcibiades1 by ! ^w 'bett]'8 y w\ld h no difficulty 9 reply+ t y meant 'm :olesome1' al?\gh y d n pr(ess to be a physician3 & :5 ! subject is "o ( :i* y pr(ess to h k1 & ab\t :i* y are ready to get up & advise z if y knew1 are y n a%am$1 :5 y are ask$1 n to be able to answ] ! "q8 ,is x n disgraceful8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 !n1 consid] & try to expla9 :at is ! mean+ ( 'bett]1' 9 ! matt] ( mak+ peace & go+ to w> ) ^? aga9/ :om y ought to g to w>8 ,to :at does ! ^w ref]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i am ?9k+1 & ,i _c tell4 ,,socrates3 ,b y surely "k :at are ! *>ges :i* we br+ aga9/ "o ano!r1 :5 we arrive at ! po9t ( mak+ w>1 & :at "n we give !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 c]ta9ly2 we say t deceit or viol5ce has be5 employ$1 or t we h be5 defraud$4 ,,socrates3 ,& h[ does ?is happ58 ,w y tell me h[8 ,= !re may be a diff]5ce 9 ! mann]4 ,,alcibiades3 ,d y mean by 'h[1' ,socrates1 :e!r we suff]$ ^! ?+s ju/ly or unju/ly8 ,,socrates3 ,exactly4 ,,alcibiades3 ,!re c be no great] diff]5ce ?an betwe5 j & unju/4 ,,socrates3 ,& w\ld y advise ! ,a!nians to g to w> ) ! j or ) ! unju/8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is an awkw>d "q2 = c]ta9ly1 ev5 if a p]son did int5d to g to w> ) ! j1 he w\ld n admit t !y 7 j4 ,,socrates3 ,he w\ld n g to w>1 because x w\ld be unlawful8 ,,alcibiades3 ,nei!r lawful nor hon\rable4 ,,socrates3 ,!n y1 too1 w\ld address !m on pr9ciples ( ju/ice8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,:at1 !n1 is ju/ice b t bett]1 ( :i* ,i spoke1 9 go+ to w> or n go+ to w> ) ^? aga9/ :om we ought or ought n1 & :5 we ought or ought n to g to w>8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly4 ,,socrates3 ,b h[ is ?is1 fri5d ,alcibiades8 ,h y =gott5 t y d n "k ?is1 or h y be5 to ! s*oolma/] )\t my k1 & has he taught y to disc]n ! j f ! unju/8 ,:o is he8 ,i wi% y w\ld tell me1 t ,i may g & le>n ( him--y %all introduce me4 ,,alcibiades3 ,y are mock+1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,no1 inde$2 ,i mo/ solemnly decl>e to y by ,zeus1 :o is ! ,god ( our common fri5d%ip1 & :om ,i nev] w =swe>1 t ,i am n2 tell me1 !n1 :o ?is in/ructor is1 if he exi/s4 ,,alcibiades3 ,b1 p]haps1 he does n exi/2 may ,i n h acquir$ ! k ( j & unju/ 9 "s o!r way8 ,,socrates3 ,yes2 if y h discov]$ !m4 ,,alcibiades3 ,b d y n ?9k t ,i c\ld discov] !m8 ,,socrates3 ,i am sure t y might1 if y enquir$ ab\t !m4 ,,alcibiades3 ,& d y n ?9k t ,i w\ld enquire8 ,,socrates3 ,yes2 if y ?\ght t y did n "k !m4 ,,alcibiades3 ,& 0 !re n a "t :5 ,i did s ?9k8 ,,socrates3 ,v good2 & c y tell me h[ long x is s9ce y ?\ght t y did n "k ! nature ( ! j & ! unju/8 ,:at d y say to a ye> ago8 ,7 y !n 9 a /ate ( consci\s ignorance & enquiry8 ,or did y ?9k t y knew8 ,& please to answ] truly1 t our discussion may n be 9 va94 ,,alcibiades3 ,well1 ,i ?\ght t ,i knew4 ,,socrates3 ,& two ye>s ago1 & ?ree ye>s ago1 & f\r ye>s ago1 y knew all ! same8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i did4 ,,socrates3 ,& m ?an f\r ye>s ago y 7 a *ild--7 y n8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& !n ,i am q sure t y ?\ght y knew4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:y are y s sure8 ,,socrates3 ,because ,i (t5 he>d y :5 a *ild1 9 y\r tea*]'s h\se1 or else:]e1 play+ at dice or "s o!r game ) ! boys1 n hesitat+ at all ab\t ! nature ( ! j & unju/2 b v confid5t--cry+ & %\t+ t "o ( ! boys 0 a rogue & a *eat1 & _h be5 *eat+4 ,is x n true8 ,,alcibiades3 ,b :at 0 ,i to d1 ,socrates1 :5 anybody *eat$ me8 ,,socrates3 ,& h[ c y say1 ',:at 0 ,i to d'8 if at ! "t y did n "k :e!r y 7 wrong$ or n8 ,,alcibiades3 ,to be sure ,i knew2 ,i 0 q aw>e t ,i 0 be+ *eat$4 ,,socrates3 ,!n y suppose y\rself ev5 :5 a *ild to h kn[n ! nature ( j & unju/8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly2 & ,i did "k !n4 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 did y discov] !m--n1 surely1 at ! "t :5 y ?\ght t y knew !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 did y ?9k t y 7 ignorant--if y consid]1 y w f9d t !re nev] 0 su* a "t8 ,,alcibiades3 ,really1 ,socrates1 ,i _c say4 ,,socrates3 ,!n y did n le>n !m by discov]+ !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,b j be=e y said t y did n "k !m by le>n+2 n[1 if y h nei!r discov]$ nor le>n$ !m1 h[ & :5ce d y come to "k !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i suppose t ,i 0 mi/ak5 9 say+ t ,i knew !m ?r\gh my own discov]y ( !m2 :]eas1 9 tru?1 ,i le>n$ !m 9 ! same way t o!r p le>n4 ,,socrates3 ,s y said be=e1 & ,i mu/ aga9 ask1 ( :om8 ,d tell me4 ,,alcibiades3 ,( ! _m4 ,,socrates3 ,d y take refuge 9 !m8 ,i _c say mu* = y\r tea*]s4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:y1 are !y n able to tea*8 ,,socrates3 ,!y c\ld n tea* y h[ to play at draughts1 :i* y w\ld ackn[l$ge 7w\ld y n7 to be a mu* small] matt] ?an ju/ice8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& c !y tea* ! bett] :o are unable to tea* ! worse8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i ?9k t !y c2 at any rate1 !y c tea* _m f> bett] ?+s ?an to play at draughts4 ,,socrates3 ,:at ?+s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,:y1 = example1 ,i le>n$ to speak ,greek ( !m1 & ,i _c say :o 0 my tea*]1 or to :om ,i am to attribute my k ( ,greek1 if n to ^? good-=-no?+ tea*]s1 z y call !m4 ,,socrates3 ,:y1 yes1 my fri5d2 & ! _m are good en\gh tea*]s ( ,greek1 & "s ( _! in/ructions 9 t l9e may be ju/ly prais$4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:y is t8 ,,socrates3 ,:y1 because !y h ! qualities :i* good tea*]s ought to h4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at qualities8 ,,socrates3 ,:y1 y "k t k is ! fir/ qualification ( any tea*]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& if !y "k1 !y mu/ agree toge!r & n diff]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& w\ld y say t !y knew ! ?+s ab\t :i* !y diff]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no4 ,,socrates3 ,!n h[ c !y tea* !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,!y _c4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 b d y imag9e t ! _m w\ld diff] ab\t ! nature ( wood & /one8 are !y n agre$ if y ask !m :at !y are8 & d !y n run to fet* ! same ?+1 :5 !y want a piece ( wood or a /one8 ,& s 9 simil> cases1 :i* ,i suspect to be pretty ne>ly all t y mean by speak+ ,greek4 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,^!1 z we 7 say+1 are matt]s ab\t :i* !y are agre$ ) "o ano!r & ) !mselves2 bo? individuals & /ates use ! same words ab\t !m2 !y d n use "s "o ^w & "s ano!r4 ,,alcibiades3 ,!y d n4 ,,socrates3 ,!n !y may be expect$ to be good tea*]s ( ^! ?+s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& if we want to in/ruct any "o 9 !m1 we %all be "r 9 s5d+ him to be taught by our fri5ds ! _m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,b if we want$ fur!r to "k n only :i* are m5 & :i* are horses1 b :i* m5 or horses h p[]s ( runn+1 w\ld ! _m /ill be able to in=m u8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,& y h a suffici5t pro( t !y d n "k ^! ?+s & are n ! be/ tea*]s ( !m1 inasmu* z !y are nev] agre$ ab\t !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& suppose t we want$ to "k n only :at m5 are l1 b :at heal?y or diseas$ m5 are l--w\ld ! _m be able to tea* u8 ,,alcibiades3 ,!y w\ld n4 ,,socrates3 ,& y w\ld h a pro( t !y 7 bad tea*]s ( ^! matt]s1 if y saw !m at v>iance8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 b are ! _m agre$ ) !mselves1 or ) "o ano!r1 ab\t ! ju/ice or inju/ice ( m5 & ?+s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,assur$ly n1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,!re is no subject ab\t :i* !y are m at v>iance8 ,,alcibiades3 ,none4 ,,socrates3 ,i d n suppose t y ev] saw or he>d ( m5 qu>rell+ ov] ! pr9ciples ( heal? & disease to su* an ext5t z to g to w> & kill "o ano!r = ! sake ( !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no inde$4 ,,socrates3 ,b ( ! qu>rels ab\t ju/ice & inju/ice1 ev5 if y h nev] se5 !m1 y h c]ta9ly he>d f _m p1 includ+ ,hom]2 = y h he>d ( ! ,iliad & ,odyssey8 ,,alcibiades3 ,to be sure1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,a diff]5ce ( j & unju/ is ! argum5t ( ^? poems8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,:i* diff]5ce caus$ all ! w>s & dea?s ( ,trojans & ,a*aeans1 & ! dea?s ( ! suitors ( ,p5elope 9 _! qu>rel ) ,odysseus4 ,,alcibiades3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 ! ,a!nians & ,lac$aemonians & ,boeotians fell at ,tanagra1 & aft]w>ds 9 ! battle ( ,coronea1 at :i* y\r fa!r ,cle9ias met 8 end1 ! "q 0 "o ( ju/ice--?is 0 ! sole cause ( ! battles1 & ( _! dea?s4 ,,alcibiades3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,b c !y be said to und]/& t ab\t :i* !y are qu>rell+ to ! dea?8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,& yet ^? :om y ?us all[ to be ignorant are ! tea*]s to :om y are appeal+4 ,,alcibiades3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,b h[ are y ev] likely to "k ! nature ( ju/ice & inju/ice1 ab\t :i* y are s p]plex$1 if y h nei!r le>n$ !m ( o!rs nor discov]$ !m y\rself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,f :at y say1 ,i suppose n4 ,,socrates3 ,see1 aga91 h[ inaccurately y speak1 ,alcibiades6 ,,alcibiades3 ,9 :at respect8 ,,socrates3 ,9 say+ t ,i say s4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:y1 did y n say t ,i "k no?+ ( ! j & unju/8 ,,socrates3 ,no2 ,i did n4 ,,alcibiades3 ,did ,i1 !n8 ,,socrates3 ,yes4 ,,alcibiades3 ,h[ 0 t8 ,,socrates3 ,let me expla94 ,suppose ,i 7 to ask y :i* is ! great] numb]1 two or "o2 y w\ld reply 'two'8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld4 ,,socrates3 ,& by h[ mu* great]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,by "o4 ,,socrates3 ,:i* ( u n[ says t two is m ?an "o8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i d4 ,,socrates3 ,did n ,i ask1 & y answ] ! "q8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n :o is speak+8 ,i :o put ! "q1 or y :o answ] me8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i am4 ,,socrates3 ,or suppose t ,i ask & y tell me ! lett]s :i* make up ! "n ,socrates1 :i* ( u is ! speak]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i am4 ,,socrates3 ,n[ let u put ! case g5]ally3 :5ev] !re is a "q & answ]1 :o is ! speak]1--! que/ion] or ! answ]]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld say1 ,socrates1 t ! answ]] 0 ! speak]4 ,,socrates3 ,& h ,i n be5 ! que/ion] all ?r\gh8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& y ! answ]]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,j s4 ,,socrates3 ,:i* ( u1 !n1 0 ! speak]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,! inf]5ce is1 ,socrates1 t ,i 0 ! speak]4 ,,socrates3 ,did n "s "o say t ,alcibiades1 ! fair son ( ,cle9ias1 n und]/&+ ab\t j & unju/1 b ?9k+ t he did und]/&1 0 go+ to ! assembly to advise ! ,a!nians ab\t :at he did n "k8 ,0 n t said8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,!n1 ,alcibiades1 ! result may be express$ 9 ! language ( ,euripides4 ,i ?9k t y h he>d all ?is 'f y\rself1 & n f me'2 nor did ,i say ?is1 :i* y errone\sly attribute to me1 b y y\rself1 & :at y said 0 v true4 ,= inde$1 my de> fell[1 ! design :i* y m$itate ( tea*+ :at y d n "k1 & h n tak5 any pa9s to le>n1 is d[nright insanity4 ,,alcibiades3 ,b1 ,socrates1 ,i ?9k t ! ,a!nians & ! re/ ( ! ,hell5es d n (t5 advise z to ! m j or unju/2 = !y see no difficulty 9 !m1 & !re=e !y leave !m1 & consid] :i* c\rse ( action w be mo/ exp$i5t2 = !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 ju/ice & exp$i5cy4 ,_m p]sons h done great wrong & pr(it$ by _! inju/ice2 o!rs h done rightly & come to no good4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 b grant+ t ! j & ! exp$i5t are ev] s mu* oppos$1 y surely d n imag9e t y "k :at is exp$i5t = mank9d1 or :y a ?+ is exp$i5t8 ,,alcibiades3 ,:y n1 ,socrates8--,b ,i am n go+ to be ask$ aga9 f :om ,i le>n$1 or :5 ,i made ! discov]y4 ,,socrates3 ,:at a way y h6 ,:5 y make a mi/ake :i* might be refut$ by a previ\s argum5t1 y insi/ on hav+ a new & diff]5t refutation2 ! old argum5t is a worn-our g>m5t :i* y w no long] put on1 b "s "o mu/ produce ano!r :i* is clean & new4 ,n[ ,i %all disreg>d ?is move ( y\rs1 & %all ask ov] aga91--,:]e did y le>n & h[ d y "k ! nature ( ! exp$i5t1 & :o is y\r tea*]8 ,all ?is ,i compreh5d 9 a s+le "q1 & n[ y w manife/ly be 9 ! old difficulty1 & w n be able to %[ t y "k ! exp$i5t1 ei!r because y le>n$ or because y discov]$ x y\rself4 ,b1 z ,i p]ceive t y are da9ty1 & dislike ! ta/e ( a /ale argum5t1 ,i w enquire no fur!r into y\r k ( :at is exp$i5t or :at is n exp$i5t = ! ,a!nian p1 & simply reque/ y to say :y y d n expla9 :e!r ju/ice & exp$i5cy are ! same or diff]5t8 ,& if y l y may exam9e me z ,i h exam9$ y1 or1 if y w\ld r1 y may c>ry on ! discussion by y\rself4 ,,alcibiades3 ,b ,i am n c]ta91 ,socrates1 :e!r ,i %all be able to discuss ! matt] ) y4 ,,socrates3 ,!n imag9e1 my de> fell[1 t ,i am ! demus & ! ecclesia2 = 9 ! ecclesia1 too1 y w h to p]suade m5 individually4 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& is n ! same p]son able to p]suade "o individual s+ly & _m individuals ( ! ?+s :i* he kn[s8 ,! gramm>ian1 = example1 c p]suade "o & he c p]suade _m ab\t lett]s4 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,& ab\t numb]1 w n ! same p]son p]suade "o & p]suade _m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& ?is w be he :o kn[s numb]1 or ! ari?metician8 ,,alcibiades3 ,q true4 ,,socrates3 ,& _c y p]suade "o man ab\t t ( :i* y c p]suade _m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i suppose s4 ,,socrates3 ,& t ( :i* y c p]suade ei!r is cle>ly :at y "k8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! only diff]5ce betwe5 "o :o argues z we are do+1 & ! orator :o is address+ an assembly1 is t ! "o seeks to p]suade a numb]1 & ! o!r an individual1 ( ! same ?+s4 ,,alcibiades3 ,i suppose s4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 !n1 s9ce ! same p]son :o c p]suade a multitude c p]suade individuals1 try conclusions ^u me1 & prove to me t ! j is n always exp$i5t4 ,,alcibiades3 ,y take lib]ties1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,i %all take ! lib]ty ( prov+ to y ! opposite ( t :i* y w n prove to me4 ,,alcibiades3 ,proce$4 ,,socrates3 ,answ] my que/ions--t is all4 ,,alcibiades3 ,nay1 ,i %\ld l y to be ! speak]4 ,,socrates3 ,:at1 d y n wi% to be p]suad$8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly ,i d4 ,,socrates3 ,& c y be p]suad$ bett] ?an out ( y\r own m\?8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i ?9k n4 ,,socrates3 ,!n y %all answ]2 & if y d n he> ! words1 t ! j is ! exp$i5t1 com+ f y\r own lips1 nev] believe ano!r man aga94 ,,alcibiades3 ,i won't2 b answ] ,i w1 = ,i d n see h[ ,i c come to any h>m4 ,,socrates3 ,a true prophecy6 ,let me beg9 !n by enquir+ ( y :e!r y all[ t ! j is sometimes exp$i5t & sometimes n8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& sometimes hon\rable & sometimes n8 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at d y mean8 ,,socrates3 ,i am ask+ if y ev] knew any "o :o did :at 0 di%on\rable & yet j8 ,,alcibiades3 ,nev]4 ,,socrates3 ,all j ?+s are hon\rable8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& are hon\rable ?+s sometimes good & sometimes n good1 or are !y always good8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i r ?9k1 ,socrates1 t "s hon\rable ?+s are evil4 ,,socrates3 ,& are "s di%on\rable ?+s good8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,y mean 9 su* a case z ! foll[+3--,9 "t ( w>1 m5 h be5 w\nd$ or h di$ 9 rescu+ a companion or k9sman1 :5 o!rs :o h neglect$ ! duty ( rescu+ !m h escap$ 9 safety8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,& to rescue ano!r "u su* circum/ances is hon\rable1 9 respect ( ! attempt to save ^? :om we ought to save2 & ?is is c\rage8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,b evil 9 respect ( dea? & w\nds8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! c\rage :i* is %[n 9 ! rescue is "o ?+1 & ! dea? ano!r8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ! rescue ( "o's fri5ds is hon\rable 9 "o po9t ( view1 b evil 9 ano!r8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,& if hon\rable1 !n also good3 ,w y consid] n[ :e!r ,i may n be "r1 = y 7 ackn[l$g+ t ! c\rage :i* is %[n 9 ! rescue is hon\rable8 ,n[ is ?is c\rage good or evil8 ,look at ! matt] ?us3 :i* w\ld y r *oose1 good or evil8 ,,alcibiades3 ,good4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! greate/ goods y w\ld be mo/ ready to *oose1 & w\ld lea/ l to be depriv$ ( !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,:at w\ld y say ( c\rage8 ,at :at price w\ld y be will+ to be depriv$ ( c\rage8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i w\ld r die ?an be a c[>d4 ,,socrates3 ,!n y ?9k t c[>dice is ! wor/ ( evils8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i d4 ,,socrates3 ,z bad z dea?1 ,i suppose8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& life & c\rage are ! extreme opposites ( dea? & c[>dice8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& !y are :at y w\ld mo/ desire to h1 & _! opposites y w\ld lea/ desire8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,is ?is because y ?9k life & c\rage ! be/1 & dea? & c[>dice ! wor/8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& y w\ld t]m ! rescue ( a fri5d 9 battle hon\rable1 9 z mu* z c\rage does a good "w8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld4 ,,socrates3 ,b evil because ( ! dea? :i* ensues8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,might we n describe _! diff]5t effects z foll[s3--,y may call ei!r ( !m evil 9 respect ( ! evil :i* is ! result1 & good 9 respect ( ! good :i* is ! result ( ei!r ( !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& !y are hon\rable 9 s f> z !y are good1 & di%on\rable 9 s f> z !y are evil8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,!n :5 y say t ! rescue ( a fri5d 9 battle is hon\rable & yet evil1 t is equival5t to say+ t ! rescue is good & yet evil8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i believe t y are "r1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,no?+ hon\rable1 reg>d$ z hon\rable1 is evil2 nor any?+ base1 reg>d$ z base1 good4 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,look at ! matt] yet once m 9 a fur!r light3 he :o acts hon\rably acts well8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& he :o acts well is happy8 ,,alcibiades3 ,( c\rse4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! happy are ^? :o obta9 good8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,& !y obta9 good by act+ well & hon\rably8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n act+ well is a good8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& happ9ess is a good8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ! good & ! hon\rable are aga9 id5tifi$4 ,,alcibiades3 ,manife/ly4 ,,socrates3 ,!n1 if ! argum5t holds1 :at we f9d to be hon\rable we %all also f9d to be good8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& is ! good exp$i5t or n8 ,,alcibiades3 ,exp$i5t4 ,,socrates3 ,d y rememb] our admissions ab\t ! j8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes2 if ,i am n mi/ak51 we said t ^? :o act$ ju/ly mu/ also act hon\rably4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! hon\rable is ! good8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! good is exp$i5t8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n1 ,alcibiades1 ! j is exp$i5t8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld inf] s4 ,,socrates3 ,& all ?is ,i prove out ( y\r own m\?1 = ,i ask & y answ]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge x to be true4 ,,socrates3 ,& hav+ ackn[l$g$ t ! j is ! same z ! exp$i5t1 are y n 7let me ask7 prep>$ to ridicule any "o :o1 pret5d+ to und]/& ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & inju/ice1 gets up to advise ! noble ,a!nians or ! ignoble ,pep>e?ians1 t ! j may be ! evil8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i solemnly decl>e1 ,socrates1 t ,i d n "k :at ,i am say+4 ,v]ily1 ,i am 9 a /range /ate1 = :5 y put que/ions to me ,i am ( diff]5t m9ds 9 successive in/ants4 ,,socrates3 ,& are y n aw>e ( ! nature ( ?is p]plexity1 my fri5d8 ,,alcibiades3 ,inde$ ,i am n4 ,,socrates3 ,d y suppose t if "s "o 7 to ask y :e!r y h two eyes or ?ree1 or two h&s or f\r1 or any?+ ( t sort1 y w\ld !n be ( diff]5t m9ds 9 successive in/ants8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i beg9 to di/ru/ myself1 b /ill ,i d n suppose t ,i %\ld4 ,,socrates3 ,y w\ld feel no d\bt2 & = ?is reason--because y w\ld "k8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i suppose s4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! reason :y y involunt>ily contradict y\rself is cle>ly t y are ignorant8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v likely4 ,,socrates3 ,& if y are p]plex$ 9 answ]+ ab\t j & unju/1 hon\rable & di%on\rable1 good & evil1 exp$i5t & inexp$i5t1 ! reason is t y are ignorant ( !m1 & !re=e 9 p]plexity4 ,is n t cle>8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i agree4 ,,socrates3 ,b is ?is always ! case1 & is a man necess>ily p]plex$ ab\t t ( :i* he has no k8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly he is4 ,,socrates3 ,& d y "k h[ to asc5d into heav58 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,& 9 ?is case1 too1 is y\r judgm5t p]plex$8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no4 ,,socrates3 ,d y see ! reason :y1 or %all ,i tell y8 ,,alcibiades3 ,tell me4 ,,socrates3 ,! reason is1 t y n only d n "k1 my fri5d1 b y d n ?9k t y "k4 ,,alcibiades3 ,!re aga92 :at d y mean8 ,,socrates3 ,ask y\rself2 are y 9 any p]plexity ab\t ?+s ( :i* y are ignorant8 ,y "k1 = example1 t y "k no?+ ab\t ! prep>ation ( food4 ,,alcibiades3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,& d y ?9k & p]plex y\rself ab\t ! prep>ation ( food3 or d y leave t to "s "o :o und]/&s ! art8 ,,alcibiades3 ,! latt]4 ,,socrates3 ,or if y 7 on a voyage1 w\ld y bewild] y\rself by consid]+ :e!r ! rudd] is to be drawn inw>ds or outw>ds1 or d y leave t to ! pilot1 & d no?+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,x w\ld be ! conc]n ( ! pilot4 ,,socrates3 ,!n y are n p]plex$ ab\t :at y d n "k1 if y "k t y d n "k x8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i imag9e n4 ,,socrates3 ,d y n see1 !n1 t mi/akes 9 life & practice are likewise to be attribut$ to ! ignorance :i* has conceit ( k8 ,,alcibiades3 ,once m1 :at d y mean8 ,,socrates3 ,i suppose t we beg9 to act :5 we ?9k t we "k :at we are do+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,b :5 p ?9k t !y d n "k1 !y entru/ _! bus9ess to o!rs8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& s !re is a class ( ignorant p]sons :o d n make mi/akes 9 life1 because !y tru/ o!rs ab\t ?+s ( :i* !y are ignorant8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,:o1 !n1 are ! p]sons :o make mi/akes8 ,!y _c1 ( c\rse1 be ^? :o "k8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,b if nei!r ^? :o "k1 nor ^? :o "k t !y d n "k1 make mi/akes1 !re rema9 ^? only :o d n "k & ?9k t !y "k4 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 only ^?4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ?is is ignorance ( ! disgraceful sort :i* is mis*iev\s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& mo/ mis*iev\s & mo/ disgraceful :5 hav+ to d ) ! greate/ matt]s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,by f>4 ,,socrates3 ,& c !re be any matt]s great] ?an ! j1 ! hon\rable1 ! good1 & ! exp$i5t8 ,,alcibiades3 ,!re _c be4 ,,socrates3 ,& ^!1 z y 7 say+1 are :at p]plex y8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,b if y are p]plex$1 !n1 z ! previ\s argum5t has %[n1 y are n only ignorant ( ! greate/ matt]s1 b be+ ignorant y fancy t y "k !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i fe> t y are "r4 ,,socrates3 ,& n[ see :at has happ5$ to y1 ,alcibiades6 ,i h>dly l to speak ( y\r evil case1 b z we are alone ,i w3 ,my good fri5d1 y are w$d$ to ignorance ( ! mo/ disgraceful k9d1 & ( ?is y are convict$1 n by me1 b out ( y\r own m\? & by y\r own argum5t2 :]e=e also y ru% into politics be=e y are educat$4 ,nei!r is y\r case to be deem$ s+ul>4 ,= ,i might say ! same ( almo/ all our /atesm51 ) ! exception1 p]haps ( y\r gu>dian1 ,p]icles4 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 ,socrates2 & ,p]icles is said n to h got 8 wisdom by ! light ( nature1 b to h associat$ ) sev]al ( ! philosoph]s2 ) ,py?ocleides1 = example1 & ) ,anaxagoras1 & n[ 9 advanc$ life ) ,damon1 9 ! hope ( ga9+ wisdom4 ,,socrates3 ,v good2 b did y ev] "k a man wise 9 any?+ :o 0 unable to imp>t 8 p>ticul> wisdom8 ,= example1 he :o taught y lett]s 0 n only wise1 b he made y & any o!rs :om he lik$ wise4 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& y1 :om he taught1 c d ! same8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,& 9 l mann] ! h>p] & gymna/ic-ma/]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,:5 a p]son is enabl$ to imp>t k to ano!r1 he !reby gives an excell5t pro( ( 8 own und]/&+ ( any matt]4 ,,alcibiades3 ,i agree4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 & did ,p]icles make any "o wise2 did he beg9 by mak+ 8 sons wise8 ,,alcibiades3 ,b1 ,socrates1 if ! two sons ( ,p]icles 7 simpletons1 :at has t to d ) ! matt]8 ,,socrates3 ,well1 b did he make y\r bro!r1 ,cle9ias1 wise8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle9ias is a madman2 !re is no use 9 talk+ ( him4 ,,socrates3 ,b if ,cle9ias is a madman & ! two sons ( ,p]icles 7 simpletons1 :at reason c be giv5 :y he neglects y1 & lets y be z y are8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i believe t ,i am to blame = n li/5+ to him4 ,,socrates3 ,b did y ev] he> ( any o!r ,a!nian or =eign]1 bond or free1 :o 0 deem$ to h gr[n wis] 9 ! society ( ,p]icles1--z ,i might cite ,py?odorus1 ! son ( ,isolo*us1 & ,callias1 ! son ( ,calliades1 :o h gr[n wis] 9 ! society ( ,z5o1 = :i* privilege !y h ea* ( !m paid him ! sum ( a hundr$ m9ae 7ab\t #djf p\nds /]l+7 to ! increase ( _! wisdom & fame4 ,,alcibiades3 ,i c]ta9ly nev] did he> ( any "o4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 & 9 ref]5ce to y\r own case1 d y mean to rema9 z y are1 or w y take "s pa9s ab\t y\rself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,) y\r aid1 ,socrates1 ,i w4 ,& inde$1 :5 ,i he> y speak1 ! tru? ( :at y are say+ /rikes home to me1 & ,i agree ) y1 = our /atesm51 all b a few1 d appe> to be q un$ucat$4 ,,socrates3 ,:at is ! inf]5ce8 ,,alcibiades3 ,:y1 t if !y 7 educat$ !y w\ld be tra9$ a?letes1 & he :o means to rival !m ought to h k & exp]i5ce :5 he attacks !m2 b n[1 z !y h become politicians )\t any special tra9+1 :y %\ld ,i h ! tr\ble ( le>n+ & practis+8 ,= ,i "k well t by ! light ( nature ,i %all get ! bett] ( !m4 ,,socrates3 ,my de> fri5d1 :at a s5tim5t6 ,& h[ unwor?y ( y\r noble =m & y\r high e/ate6 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at d y mean1 ,socrates2 :y d y say s8 ,,socrates3 ,i am griev$ :5 ,i ?9k ( our mutual love4 ,,alcibiades3 ,at :at8 ,,socrates3 ,at y\r fancy+ t ! conte/ on :i* y are ent]+ is ) p "h4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:y1 :at o!rs are !re8 ,,socrates3 ,is t a "q :i* a magnanim\s s\l %\ld ask8 ,,alcibiades3 ,d y mean to say t ! conte/ is n ) ^!8 ,,socrates3 ,& suppose t y 7 go+ to /e] a %ip into action1 w\ld y only aim at be+ ! be/ pilot on bo>d8 ,w\ld y n1 :ile ackn[l$g+ t y mu/ possess ?is degree ( excell5ce1 r look to y\r antagoni/s1 & n1 z y are n[ do+1 to y\r fell[ combatants8 ,y ought to be s f> above ^! latt]1 t !y w n ev5 d>e to be y\r rivals2 &1 be+ reg>d$ by y z inf]iors1 w d battle = y aga9/ ! enemy2 ?is is ! k9d ( sup]iority :i* y mu/ e/abli% ov] !m1 if y mean to accompli% any noble action really wor?y ( y\rself & ( ! /ate4 ,,alcibiades3 ,t w\ld c]ta9ly be my aim4 ,,socrates3 ,v]ily1 !n1 y h good reason to be satisfi$1 if y are bett] ?an ! soldi]s2 & y ne$ n1 :5 y are _! sup]ior & h y\r ?\ghts & actions fix$ ^u !m1 look away to ! g5]als ( ! enemy4 ,,alcibiades3 ,( :om are y speak+1 ,socrates8 ,,socrates3 ,:y1 y surely "k t our city goes to w> n[ & !n ) ! ,lac$aemonians & ) ! great k+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true en\gh4 ,,socrates3 ,& if y meant to be ! rul] ( ?is city1 w\ld y n be "r 9 consid]+ t ! ,lac$aemonian & ,p]sian k+ 7 y\r true rivals8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i believe t y are "r4 ,,socrates3 ,oh no1 my fri5d1 ,i am q wrong1 & ,i ?9k t y ought r to turn y\r att5tion to ,midias ! quail-bre$] & o!rs l him1 :o manage our politics2 9 :om1 z ! wom5 w\ld rem>k1 y may /ill see ! slaves' cut ( hair1 cropp+ out 9 _! m9ds z well z on _! pates2 & !y come ) _! b>b>\s l+o to flatt] u & n to rule u4 ,to ^!1 ,i say1 y %\ld look1 & !n y ne$ n tr\ble y\rself ab\t y\r own fitness to cont5d 9 su* a noble ar5a3 !re is no reason :y y %\ld ei!r le>n :at has to be le>n$1 or practise :at has to be practis$1 & only :5 ?or\ghly prep>$ ent] on a political c>e]4 ,,alcibiades3 ,!re1 ,i ?9k1 ,socrates1 t y are "r2 ,i d n suppose1 h[ev]1 t ! ,sp>tan g5]als or ! great k+ are really diff]5t f anybody else4 ,,socrates3 ,b1 my de> fri5d1 d consid] :at y are say+4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at am ,i to consid]8 ,,socrates3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 w y be m likely to take c>e ( y\rself1 if y are 9 a :olesome fe> & dread ( !m1 or if y are n8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly1 if ,i h su* a fe> ( !m4 ,,socrates3 ,& d y ?9k t y w su/a9 any injury if y take c>e ( y\rself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no1 ,i %all be greatly b5efit$4 ,,socrates3 ,& ?is is "o v important respect 9 :i* t notion ( y\rs is bad4 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,9 ! next place1 consid] t :at y say is probably false4 ,,alcibiades3 ,h[ s8 ,,socrates3 ,let me ask y :e!r bett] natures are likely to be f\nd 9 noble races or n 9 noble races8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly 9 noble races4 ,,socrates3 ,are n ^? :o are well born & well br$ mo/ likely to be p]fect 9 virtue8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,!n let u comp>e our antec$5ts ) ^? ( ! ,lac$aemonian & ,p]sian k+s2 are !y inf]ior to u 9 desc5t8 ,h we n he>d t ! =m] are sprung f ,h]acles1 & ! latt] f ,a*aem5es1 & t ! race ( ,h]acles & ! race ( ,a*aem5es g back to ,p]seus1 son ( ,zeus8 ,,alcibiades3 ,:y1 s does m9e g back to ,eurysaces1 & he to ,zeus6 ,,socrates3 ,& m9e1 noble ,alcibiades1 to ,da$alus1 & he to ,hephae/us1 son ( ,zeus4 ,b1 = all t1 we are f> inf]ior to !m4 ,= !y are desc5d$ 'f ,zeus1' ?r\gh a l9e ( k+s--ei!r k+s ( ,argos & ,lac$aemon1 or k+s ( ,p]sia1 a c\ntry :i* ! desc5dants ( ,a*aem5es h always possess$1 besides be+ at v>i\s times sov]eigns ( ,asia1 z !y n[ are2 :]eas1 we & our fa!rs 7 b private p]sons4 ,h[ ridicul\s w\ld y be ?\ght if y 7 to make a display ( y\r ance/ors & ( ,salamis ! isl& ( ,eurysaces1 or ( ,aeg9a1 ! habitation ( ! /ill m anci5t ,aeacus1 be=e ,artax]xes1 son ( ,x]xes4 ,y %\ld consid] h[ inf]ior we are to !m bo? 9 ! d]ivation ( our bir? & 9 o!r p>ticul>s4 ,did y nev] obs]ve h[ great is ! prop]ty ( ! ,sp>tan k+s8 ,& _! wives are "u ! gu>dian%ip ( ! ,ephori1 :o are public (fic]s & wat* ov] !m1 9 ord] to pres]ve z f> z possible ! purity ( ! ,h]acleid blood4 ,/ill great] is ! diff]5ce among ! ,p]sians2 = no "o ent]ta9s a suspicion t ! fa!r ( a pr9ce ( ,p]sia c be any "o b ! k+4 ,su* is ! awe :i* inve/s ! p]son ( ! que51 t any o!r gu>d is ne$less4 ,& :5 ! heir ( ! k+dom is born1 all ! subjects ( ! k+ fea/2 & ! day ( 8 bir? is = ev] aft]w>ds kept z a holiday & "t ( sacrifice by all ,asia2 :]eas1 :5 y & ,i 7 born1 ,alcibiades1 z ! comic poet says1 ! neighb\rs h>dly knew ( ! important ev5t4 ,aft] ! bir? ( ! royal *ild1 he is t5d$1 n by a good-=-no?+ woman-nurse1 b by ! be/ ( ! royal eunu*s1 :o are *>g$ ) ! c>e ( him1 & especially ) ! fa%ion+ & "r =mation ( 8 limbs1 9 ord] t he may be z %apely z possible2 :i* be+ _! call+1 !y are held 9 great hon\r4 ,& :5 ! "y pr9ce is sev5 ye>s old he is put ^u a horse & tak5 to ! rid+-ma/]s1 & beg9s to g out hunt+4 ,& at f\rte5 ye>s ( age he is h&$ ov] to ! royal s*oolma/]s1 z !y are t]m$3 ^! are f\r *os5 m51 reput$ to be ! be/ among ! ,p]sians ( a c]ta9 age2 & "o ( !m is ! wise/1 ano!r ! ju/e/1 a ?ird ! mo/ temp]ate1 & a f\r? ! mo/ valiant4 ,! fir/ in/ructs him 9 ! magianism ( ,zoroa/]1 ! son ( ,oromasus1 :i* is ! wor%ip ( ! ,gods1 & tea*es him also ! duties ( 8 royal (fice2 ! second1 :o is ! ju/e/1 tea*es him always to speak ! tru?2 ! ?ird1 or mo/ temp]ate1 =bids him to all[ any pleasure to be "l ov] him1 t he may be accu/om$ to be a freeman & k+ inde$1--"l ( himself fir/1 & n a slave2 ! mo/ valiant tra9s him to be bold & fe>less1 tell+ him t if he fe>s he is to deem himself a slave2 :]eas ,p]icles gave y1 ,alcibiades1 = a tutor ,zopyrus ! ,?racian1 a slave ( 8 :o 0 pa/ all o!r "w4 ,i might enl>ge on ! nurture & education ( y\r rivals1 b t w\ld be t$i\s2 & :at ,i h said is a suffici5t sample ( :at rema9s to be said4 ,i h only to rem>k1 by way ( contra/1 t no "o c>es ab\t y\r bir? or nurture or education1 or1 ,i may say1 ab\t t ( any o!r ,a!nian1 unless he has a lov] :o looks aft] him4 ,& if y ca/ an eye on ! weal?1 ! luxury1 ! g>m5ts ) _! fl[+ tra9s1 ! ano9t+s ) myrrh1 ! multitudes ( att5dants1 & all ! o!r brav]y ( ! ,p]sians1 y w be a%am$ :5 y disc]n y\r own inf]iority2 or if y look at ! temp]ance & ord]l9ess & ease & grace & magnanimity & c\rage & endurance & love ( toil & desire ( glory & ambition ( ! ,lac$aemonians--9 all ^! respects y w see t y are b a *ild 9 comp>ison ( !m4 ,ev5 9 ! matt] ( weal?1 if y value y\rself ^u t1 ,i mu/ reveal to y h[ y /&2 = if y =m an e/imate ( ! weal? ( ! ,lac$aemonians1 y w see t our possessions fall f> %ort ( !irs4 ,= no "o "h c compete ) !m ei!r 9 ! ext5t & f]tility ( _! own & ! ,mess5ian t]ritory1 or 9 ! numb] ( _! slaves1 & especially ( ! ,helots1 or ( _! horses1 or ( ! animals :i* fe$ on ! ,mess5ian pa/ures4 ,b ,i h said en\gh ( ?is3 & z to gold & silv]1 !re is m ( !m 9 ,lac$aemon ?an 9 all ! re/ ( ,hellas1 = dur+ _m g5]ations gold has be5 always fl[+ 9 to !m f ! :ole ,hell5ic _w1 & (t5 f ! b>b>ian also1 & nev] go+ out1 z 9 ! fable ( ,aesop ! fox said to ! lion1 ',! pr9ts ( ! feet ( ^? go+ 9 are di/9ct en\gh2' b :o ev] saw ! trace ( money go+ out ( ,lac$aemon8 ,& !re=e y may safely inf] t ! inhabitants are ! ri*e/ ( ! ,hell5es 9 gold & silv]1 & t _! k+s are ! ri*e/ ( !m1 = !y h a l>g] %>e ( ^! ?+s1 & !y h also a tribute paid to !m :i* is v consid]able4 ,yet ! ,sp>tan weal?1 ?\gh great 9 comp>ison ( ! weal? ( ! o!r ,hell5es1 is z no?+ 9 comp>ison ( t ( ! ,p]sians & _! k+s4 ,:y1 ,i h be5 in=m$ by a cr$ible p]son :o w5t up to ! k+ 7at ,susa71 t he pass$ ?r\gh a l>ge tract ( excell5t l&1 ext5d+ = ne>ly a day's j\rney1 :i* ! p ( ! c\ntry call$ ! que5's girdle1 & ano!r1 :i* !y call$ h] veil2 & sev]al o!r fair & f]tile di/ricts1 :i* 7 res]v$ = ! adornm5t ( ! que51 & are nam$ aft] h] sev]al habilim5ts4 ,n[1 ,i _c help ?9k+ to myself1 ,:at if "s "o 7 to g to ,ame/ris1 ! wife ( ,x]xes & "m ( ,artax]xes1 & say to h]1 ,!re is a c]ta9 ,d9oma*e1 ^: :ole w>drobe is n wor? fifty m9ae--& t w be m ?an ! value--& %e has a son :o is possess$ ( a ?ree-hundr$ acre pat* at ,er*iae1 & he has a m9d to g to w> ) y\r son--w\ld %e n wond] to :at ?is ,alcibiades tru/s = success 9 ! conflict8 ',he mu/ rely1' %e w\ld say to h]self1 '^u 8 tra9+ & wisdom--^! are ! ?+s :i* ,hell5es value4' ,& if %e he>d t ?is ,alcibiades :o is mak+ ! attempt is n z yet tw5ty ye>s old1 & is :olly un$ucat$1 & :5 8 lov] tells him t he ought to get education & tra9+ fir/1 & !n g & fight ! k+1 he refuses1 & says t he is well en\gh z he is1 w\ld %e n be amaz$1 & ask ',on :at1 !n1 does ! y\? rely8' ,& if we repli$3 ,he relies on 8 beauty1 & /ature1 & bir?1 & m5tal end[m5ts1 %e w\ld ?9k t we 7 mad1 ,alcibiades1 :5 %e comp>$ ! advantages :i* y possess ) ^? ( h] own p4 ,& ,i believe t ev5 ,lampido1 ! daught] ( ,leoty*ides1 ! wife ( ,ar*idamus & "m ( ,agis1 all ( :om 7 k+s1 w\ld h ! same feel+2 if1 9 y\r pres5t un$ucat$ /ate1 y 7 to turn y\r ?\ghts aga9/ h] son1 %e too w\ld be equally a/oni%$4 ,b h[ disgraceful1 t we %\ld n h z high a notion ( :at is requir$ 9 u z our enemies' wives & mo!rs h ( ! qualities :i* are requir$ 9 _! assailants6 ,o my fri5d1 be p]suad$ by me1 & he> ! ,delphian inscription1 ',"k ?yself'--n ! m5 :om y ?9k1 b ^! k+s are our rivals1 & we c only ov]come !m by pa9s & skill4 ,& if y fail 9 ! requir$ qualities1 y w fail also 9 becom+ r5[n$ among ,hell5es & ,b>b>ians1 :i* y seem to desire m ?an any o!r man ev] desir$ any?+4 ,,alcibiades3 ,i entirely believe y2 b :at are ! sort ( pa9s :i* are requir$1 ,socrates1--c y tell me8 ,,socrates3 ,yes1 ,i c2 b we mu/ take c\nsel toge!r conc]n+ ! mann] 9 :i* bo? ( u may be mo/ improv$4 ,= :at ,i am tell+ y ( ! necessity ( education applies to myself z well z to y2 & !re is only "o po9t 9 :i* ,i h an advantage ov] y4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at is t8 ,,socrates3 ,i h a gu>dian :o is bett] & wis] ?an y\r gu>dian1 ,p]icles4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:o is he1 ,socrates8 ,,socrates3 ,god1 ,alcibiades1 :o up to ?is day has n all[$ me to conv]se ) y2 & he inspires 9 me ! fai? t ,i am especially design$ to br+ y to hon\r4 ,,alcibiades3 ,y are je/+1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,p]haps1 at any rate1 ,i am "r 9 say+ t all m5 greatly ne$ pa9s & c>e1 & y & ,i above all m54 ,,alcibiades3 ,y are n f> wrong ab\t me4 ,,socrates3 ,& c]ta9ly n ab\t myself4 ,,alcibiades3 ,b :at c we d8 ,,socrates3 ,!re mu/ be no hesitation or c[>dice1 my fri5d4 ,,alcibiades3 ,t w\ld n become u1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,no1 inde$1 & we ought to take c\nsel toge!r3 = d we n wi% to be z good z possible8 ,,alcibiades3 ,we d4 ,,socrates3 ,9 :at sort ( virtue8 ,,alcibiades3 ,pla9ly1 9 ! virtue ( good m54 ,,socrates3 ,:o are good 9 :at8 ,,alcibiades3 ,^?1 cle>ly1 :o are good 9 ! managem5t ( affairs4 ,,socrates3 ,:at sort ( affairs8 ,eque/rian affairs8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,y mean t ab\t !m we %\ld h rec\rse to horsem58 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 naval affairs8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no4 ,,socrates3 ,y mean t we %\ld h rec\rse to sailors ab\t !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n :at affairs8 ,& :o d !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,! affairs :i* occupy ,a!nian g5tlem54 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 y speak ( g5tlem51 d y mean ! wise or ! unwise8 ,,alcibiades3 ,! wise4 ,,socrates3 ,& a man is good 9 respect ( t 9 :i* he is wise8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& evil 9 respect ( t 9 :i* he is unwise8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,! %oemak]1 = example1 is wise 9 respect ( ! mak+ ( %oes8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n he is good 9 t8 ,,alcibiades3 ,he is4 ,,socrates3 ,b 9 respect ( ! mak+ ( g>m5ts he is unwise8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n 9 t he is bad8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ^u ?is view ( ! matt] ! same man is good & also bad8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,b w\ld y say t ! good are ! same z ! bad8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,!n :om d y call ! good8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i mean by ! good ^? :o are able to rule 9 ! city4 ,,socrates3 ,n1 surely1 ov] horses8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,b ov] m58 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,:5 !y are sick8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no4 ,,socrates3 ,or on a voyage8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no4 ,,socrates3 ,or reap+ ! h>ve/8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no4 ,,socrates3 ,:5 !y are do+ some?+ or no?+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,:5 !y are do+ some?+1 ,i %\ld say4 ,,socrates3 ,i wi% t y w\ld expla9 to me :at ?is some?+ is4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:5 !y are hav+ deal+s ) "o ano!r1 & us+ "o ano!r's s]vices1 z we citiz5s d 9 our daily life4 ,,socrates3 ,^? ( :om y speak are rul+ ov] m5 :o are us+ ! s]vices ( o!r m58 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,are !y rul+ ov] ! signal-m5 :o give ! "t to ! r[]s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no2 !y are n4 ,,socrates3 ,t w\ld be ! (fice ( ! pilot8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,b1 p]haps y mean t !y rule ov] flute-play]s1 :o lead ! s+]s & use ! s]vices ( ! danc]s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,t w\ld be ! bus9ess ( ! tea*] ( ! *orus8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n :at is ! mean+ ( be+ able to rule ov] m5 :o use o!r m58 ,,alcibiades3 ,i mean t !y rule ov] m5 :o h common rights ( citiz5%ip1 & deal+s ) "o ano!r4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at sort ( an art is ?is8 ,suppose t ,i ask y aga91 z ,i did j n[1 ,:at art makes m5 "k h[ to rule ov] _! fell[-sailors1--h[ w\ld y answ]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,! art ( ! pilot4 ,,socrates3 ,&1 if ,i may recur to ano!r old in/ance1 :at art enables !m to rule ov] _! fell[-s+]s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,! art ( ! tea*] ( ! *orus1 :i* y 7 j n[ m5tion+4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at d y call ! art ( fell[-citiz5s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld say1 good c\nsel1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,& is ! art ( ! pilot evil c\nsel8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no4 ,,socrates3 ,b good c\nsel8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 t is :at ,i %\ld say1--good c\nsel1 ( :i* ! aim is ! pres]vation ( ! voyag]s4 ,,socrates3 ,true4 ,& :at is ! aim ( t o!r good c\nsel ( :i* y speak8 ,,alcibiades3 ,! aim is ! bett] ord] & pres]vation ( ! city4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at is t ( :i* ! abs5ce or pres5ce improves & pres]ves ! ord] ( ! city8 ,suppose y 7 to ask me1 :at is t ( :i* ! pres5ce or abs5ce improves or pres]ves ! ord] ( ! body8 ,i %\ld reply1 ! pres5ce ( heal? & ! abs5ce ( disease4 ,y w\ld say ! same8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& if y 7 to ask me ! same "q ab\t ! eyes1 ,i %\ld reply 9 ! same way1 '! pres5ce ( sight & ! abs5ce ( bl9dness2' or ab\t ! e>s1 ,i %\ld reply1 t !y 7 improv$ & 7 9 bett] case1 :5 deafness 0 abs5t1 & he>+ 0 pres5t 9 !m4 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at w\ld y say ( a /ate8 ,:at is t by ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( :i* ! /ate is improv$ & bett] manag$ & ord]$8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld say1 ,socrates3--! pres5ce ( fri5d%ip & ! abs5ce ( hatr$ & division4 ,,socrates3 ,& d y mean by fri5d%ip agreem5t or disagreem5t8 ,,alcibiades3 ,agreem5t4 ,,socrates3 ,:at art makes cities agree ab\t numb]s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,ari?metic4 ,,socrates3 ,& private individuals8 ,,alcibiades3 ,! same4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at art makes ea* individual agree ) himself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,! same4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at art makes ea* ( u agree ) himself ab\t ! comp>ative l5g? ( ! span & ( ! cubit8 ,does n ! art ( measure8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,individuals are agre$ ) "o ano!r ab\t ?is2 & /ates1 equally8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! same holds ( ! balance8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,b :at is ! o!r agreem5t ( :i* y speak1 & ab\t :at8 :at art c give t agreem5t8 ,& does t :i* gives x to ! /ate give x also to ! individual1 s z to make him consi/5t ) himself & ) ano!r8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld suppose s4 ,,socrates3 ,b :at is ! nature ( ! agreem5t8--answ]1 & fa9t n4 ,,alcibiades3 ,i mean to say t !re %\ld be su* fri5d%ip & agreem5t z exi/s betwe5 an affectionate fa!r & "m & _! son1 or betwe5 bro!rs1 or betwe5 husb& & wife4 ,,socrates3 ,b c a man1 ,alcibiades1 agree ) a woman ab\t ! sp9n+ ( wool1 :i* %e und]/&s & he does n8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no1 truly4 ,,socrates3 ,nor has he any ne$1 = sp9n+ is a female accompli%m5t4 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& w\ld a woman agree ) a man ab\t ! sci5ce ( arms1 :i* %e has nev] le>n$8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,i suppose t ! use ( arms w\ld be reg>d$ by y z a male accompli%m5t8 ,,alcibiades3 ,x w\ld4 ,,socrates3 ,!n1 ^u y\r view1 wom5 & m5 h two sorts ( k8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,!n 9 _! k !re is no agreem5t ( wom5 & m58 ,,alcibiades3 ,!re is n4 ,,socrates3 ,nor c !re be fri5d%ip1 if fri5d%ip is agreem5t8 ,,alcibiades3 ,pla9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,!n wom5 are n lov$ by m5 :5 !y d _! own "w8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i suppose n4 ,,socrates3 ,nor m5 by wom5 :5 !y d _! own "w8 ,,alcibiades3 ,no4 ,,socrates3 ,nor are /ates well adm9i/]$1 :5 individuals d _! own "w8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld r ?9k1 ,socrates1 t ! rev]se is ! tru?4 7,comp>e ,republic47 ,,socrates3 ,:at6 d y mean to say t /ates are well adm9i/]$ :5 fri5d%ip is abs5t1 ! pres5ce ( :i*1 z we 7 say+1 alone secures _! good ord]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,b ,i %\ld say t !re is fri5d%ip among !m1 = ?is v reason1 t ! two p>ties respectively d _! own "w4 ,,socrates3 ,t 0 n :at y 7 say+ be=e2 & :at d y mean n[ by affirm+ t fri5d%ip exi/s :5 !re is no agreem5t8 ,h[ c !re be agreem5t ab\t matt]s :i* ! "o p>ty kn[s1 & ( :i* ! o!r is 9 ignorance8 ,,alcibiades3 ,impossible4 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 individuals are do+ _! own "w1 are !y do+ :at is j or unju/8 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at is j1 c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 individuals d :at is j 9 ! /ate1 is !re no fri5d%ip among !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i suppose t !re mu/ be1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,!n :at d y mean by ?is fri5d%ip or agreem5t ab\t :i* we mu/ be wise & discreet 9 ord] t we may be good m58 ,i _c make out :]e x exi/s or among :om2 accord+ to y1 ! same p]sons may sometimes h x1 & sometimes n4 ,,alcibiades3 ,b1 inde$1 ,socrates1 ,i d n "k :at ,i am say+2 & ,i h long be51 unconsci\sly to myself1 9 a mo/ disgraceful /ate4 ,,socrates3 ,nev]!less1 *e] up2 at fifty1 if y _h discov]$ y\r defici5cy1 y w\ld h be5 too old1 & ! "t = tak+ c>e ( y\rself w\ld h pass$ away1 b y\rs is j ! age at :i* ! discov]y %\ld be made4 ,,alcibiades3 ,& :at %\ld he d1 ,socrates1 :o w\ld make ! discov]y8 ,,socrates3 ,answ] que/ions1 ,alcibiades2 & t is a process :i*1 by ! grace ( ,god1 if ,i may put any fai? 9 my oracle1 w be v improv+ to bo? ( u4 ,,alcibiades3 ,if ,i c be improv$ by answ]+1 ,i w answ]4 ,,socrates3 ,& fir/ ( all1 t we may n p]adv5ture be deceiv$ by appe>ances1 fancy+1 p]haps1 t we are tak+ c>e ( ourselves :5 we are n1 :at is ! mean+ ( a man tak+ c>e ( himself8 & :5 does he take c>e8 ,does he take c>e ( himself :5 he takes c>e ( :at belongs to him8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i %\ld ?9k s4 ,,socrates3 ,:5 does a man take c>e ( 8 feet8 ,does he n take c>e ( !m :5 he takes c>e ( t :i* belongs to 8 feet8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i d n und]/&4 ,,socrates3 ,let me take ! h& z an illu/ration2 does n a r+ belong to ! f+]1 & to ! f+] only8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! %oe 9 l mann] to ! foot8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 we take c>e ( our %oes1 d we n take c>e ( our feet8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i d n compreh5d1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,b y w\ld admit1 ,alcibiades1 t to take prop] c>e ( a ?+ is a correct expression8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& tak+ prop] c>e means improv+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at is ! art :i* improves our %oes8 ,,alcibiades3 ,%oemak+4 ,,socrates3 ,!n by %oemak+ we take c>e ( our %oes8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& d we by %oemak+ take c>e ( our feet1 or by "s o!r art :i* improves ! feet8 ,,alcibiades3 ,by "s o!r art4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! same art improves ! feet :i* improves ! re/ ( ! body8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,:i* is gymna/ic8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,!n by gymna/ic we take c>e ( our feet1 & by %oemak+ ( t :i* belongs to our feet8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,& by gymna/ic we take c>e ( our h&s1 & by ! art ( grav+ r+s ( t :i* belongs to our h&s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& by gymna/ic we take c>e ( ! body1 & by ! art ( weav+ & ! o!r arts we take c>e ( ! ?+s ( ! body8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ! art :i* takes c>e ( ea* ?+ is diff]5t f t :i* takes c>e ( ! belong+s ( ea* ?+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,!n 9 tak+ c>e ( :at belongs to y1 y d n take c>e ( y\rself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,= ! art :i* takes c>e ( our belong+s appe>s n to be ! same z t :i* takes c>e ( ourselves8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,& n[ let me ask y :at is ! art ) :i* we take c>e ( ourselves8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i _c say4 ,,socrates3 ,at any rate1 ?us mu* has be5 admitt$1 t ! art is n "o :i* makes any ( our possessions1 b :i* makes ourselves bett]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,b %\ld we ev] h kn[n :at art makes a %oe bett]1 if we did n "k a %oe8 ,,alcibiades3 ,impossible4 ,,socrates3 ,nor %\ld we "k :at art makes a r+ bett]1 if we did n "k a r+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,& c we ev] "k :at art makes a man bett]1 if we d n "k :at we are ourselves8 ,,alcibiades3 ,impossible4 ,,socrates3 ,& is self-k su* an easy ?+1 & 0 he to be lightly e/eem$ :o inscrib$ ! text on ! temple at ,delphi8 ,or is self-k a difficult ?+1 :i* few are able to atta98 ,,alcibiades3 ,at times ,i fancy1 ,socrates1 t anybody c "k himself2 at o!r times ! task appe>s to be v difficult4 ,,socrates3 ,b :e!r easy or difficult1 ,alcibiades1 /ill !re is no o!r way2 kn[+ :at we are1 we %all "k h[ to take c>e ( ourselves1 & if we are ignorant we %all n "k4 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 !n1 let u see 9 :at way ! self-exi/5t c be discov]$ by u2 t w give u a *ance ( discov]+ our own exi/5ce1 :i* o!rwise we c nev] "k4 ,,alcibiades3 ,y say truly4 ,,socrates3 ,come1 n[1 ,i besee* y1 tell me ) :om y are conv]s+8--) :om b ) me8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,z ,i am1 ) y8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,t is to say1 ,i1 ,socrates1 am talk+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& ,alcibiades is my he>]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& ,i 9 talk+ use words8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& talk+ & us+ words h1 ,i suppose1 ! same mean+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,to be sure4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! us] is n ! same z ! ?+ :i* he uses8 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at d y mean8 ,,socrates3 ,i w expla92 ! %oemak]1 = example1 uses a squ>e tool1 & a circul> tool1 & o!r tools = cutt+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,b ! tool is n ! same z ! cutt] & us] ( ! tool8 ,,alcibiades3 ,( c\rse n4 ,,socrates3 ,& 9 ! same way ! in/rum5t ( ! h>p] is to be di/+ui%$ f ! h>p] himself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,x is4 ,,socrates3 ,n[ ! "q :i* ,i ask$ 0 :e!r y conceive ! us] to be always diff]5t f t :i* he uses8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i d4 ,,socrates3 ,!n :at %all we say ( ! %oemak]8 ,does he cut ) 8 tools only or ) 8 h&s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,) 8 h&s z well4 ,,socrates3 ,he uses 8 h&s too8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& does he use 8 eyes 9 cutt+ lea!r8 ,,alcibiades3 ,he does4 ,,socrates3 ,& we admit t ! us] is n ! same ) ! ?+s :i* he uses8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ! %oemak] & ! h>p] are to be di/+ui%$ f ! h&s & feet :i* !y use8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& does n a man use ! :ole body8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& t :i* uses is diff]5t f t :i* is us$8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,!n a man is n ! same z 8 own body8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is ! inf]5ce4 ,,socrates3 ,:at is he1 !n8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i _c say4 ,,socrates3 ,nay1 y c say t he is ! us] ( ! body4 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! us] ( ! body is ! s\l8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 ! s\l4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! s\l rules8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,let me make an ass]tion :i* w1 ,i ?9k1 be univ]sally admitt$4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at is x8 ,,socrates3 ,t man is "o ( ?ree ?+s4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at are !y8 ,,socrates3 ,s\l1 body1 or bo? toge!r =m+ a :ole4 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,b did we n say t ! actual rul+ pr9ciple ( ! body is man8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 we did4 ,,socrates3 ,& does ! body rule ov] itself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,x is subject1 z we 7 say+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n t is n ! pr9ciple :i* we are seek+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,x w\ld seem n4 ,,socrates3 ,b may we say t ! union ( ! two rules ov] ! body1 & consequ5tly t ?is is man8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v likely4 ,,socrates3 ,! mo/ unlikely ( all ?+s2 = if "o ( ! memb]s is subject1 ! two unit$ _c possibly rule4 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,b s9ce nei!r ! body1 nor ! union ( ! two1 is man1 ei!r man has no real exi/5ce1 or ! s\l is man8 ,,alcibiades3 ,j s4 ,,socrates3 ,is any?+ m requir$ to prove t ! s\l is man8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n2 ! pro( is1 ,i ?9k1 q suffici5t4 ,,socrates3 ,& if ! pro(1 al?\gh n p]fect1 be suffici5t1 we %all be satisfi$2--m precise pro( w be suppli$ :5 we h discov]$ t :i* we 7 l$ to omit1 f a fe> t ! enquiry w\ld be too mu* protract$4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at 0 t8 ,,socrates3 ,:at ,i meant1 :5 ,i said t absolute exi/5ce mu/ be fir/ consid]$2 b n[1 in/ead ( absolute exi/5ce1 we h be5 consid]+ ! nature ( individual exi/5ce1 & ?is may1 p]haps1 be suffici5t2 = surely !re is no?+ :i* may be call$ m prop]ly ourselves ?an ! s\l8 ,,alcibiades3 ,!re is no?+4 ,,socrates3 ,!n we may truly conceive t y & ,i are conv]s+ ) "o ano!r1 s\l to s\l8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,& t is j :at ,i 0 say+ be=e--t ,i1 ,socrates1 am n argu+ or talk+ ) ! face ( ,alcibiades1 b ) ! real ,alcibiades2 or 9 o!r words1 ) 8 s\l4 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,!n he :o bids a man "k himself1 w\ld h him "k 8 s\l8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t appe>s to be true4 ,,socrates3 ,he ^: k only ext5ds to ! body1 kn[s ! ?+s ( a man1 & n ! man himself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,!n nei!r ! physician reg>d$ z a physician1 nor ! tra9] reg>d$ z a tra9]1 kn[s himself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,he does n4 ,,socrates3 ,! husb&m5 & ! o!r craftsm5 are v f> f kn[+ !mselves1 = !y w\ld seem n ev5 to "k _! own belong+s8 ,:5 reg>d$ 9 relation to ! arts :i* !y practise !y are ev5 fur!r remov$ f self-k1 = !y only "k ! belong+s ( ! body1 :i* m9i/] to ! body4 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,!n if temp]ance is ! k ( self1 9 respect ( 8 art none ( !m is temp]ate8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i agree4 ,,socrates3 ,& ?is is ! reason :y _! arts are acc\nt$ vulg>1 & are n su* z a good man w\ld practise8 ,,alcibiades3 ,q true4 ,,socrates3 ,aga91 he :o *]i%es 8 body *]i%es n himself1 b :at belongs to him8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,b he :o *]i%es 8 money1 *]i%es nei!r himself nor 8 belong+s1 b is 9 a /age yet fur!r remov$ f himself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i agree4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ! money-mak] has really ceas$ to be occupi$ ) 8 own conc]ns8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,& if any "o has fall5 9 love ) ! p]son ( ,alcibiades1 he loves n ,alcibiades1 b ! belong+s ( ,alcibiades8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,b he :o loves y\r s\l is ! true lov]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is ! necess>y inf]5ce4 ,,socrates3 ,! lov] ( ! body goes away :5 ! fl[] ( y\? fades8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,b he :o loves ! s\l goes n away1 z long z ! s\l foll[s aft] virtue8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& ,i am ! lov] :o goes n away1 b rema9s ) y1 :5 y are no long] "y & ! re/ are gone8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 ,socrates2 & !re9 y d well1 & ,i hope t y w rema94 ,,socrates3 ,!n y mu/ try to look y\r be/4 ,,alcibiades3 ,i w4 ,,socrates3 ,! fact is1 t !re is only "o lov] ( ,alcibiades ! son ( ,cle9ias2 !re nei!r is nor ev] has be5 seem+ly any o!r2 & he is 8 d>l+1--,socrates1 ! son ( ,sophroniscus & ,pha5>ete4 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,& did y n say1 t if ,i _h n spok5 fir/1 y 7 on ! po9t ( com+ to me1 & enquir+ :y ,i only rema9$8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,! reason 0 t ,i lov$ y = y\r own sake1 :]eas o!r m5 love :at belongs to y2 & y\r beauty1 :i* is n y1 is fad+ away1 j z y\r true self is beg9n+ to bloom4 ,& ,i w nev] des]t y1 if y are n spoil$ & de=m$ by ! ,a!nian p2 = ! dang] :i* ,i mo/ fe> is t y w become a lov] ( ! p & w be spoil$ by !m4 ,_m a noble ,a!nian has be5 ru9$ 9 ?is way4 ,= ! demus ( ! great-he>t$ ,ere*teus is ( a fair c\nt5ance1 b y %\ld see him nak$2 :]e=e obs]ve ! caution :i* ,i give y4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at caution8 ,,socrates3 ,practise y\rself1 sweet fri5d1 9 le>n+ :at y ought to "k1 be=e y ent] on politics2 & !n y w h an antidote :i* w keep y out ( h>m's way4 ,,alcibiades3 ,good advice1 ,socrates1 b ,i wi% t y w\ld expla9 to me 9 :at way ,i am to take c>e ( myself4 ,,socrates3 ,h we n made an advance8 = we are at any rate tol]ably well agre$ z to :at we are1 & !re is no long] any dang]1 z we once fe>$1 t we might be tak+ c>e n ( ourselves1 b ( some?+ :i* is n ourselves4 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,& ! next /ep w be to take c>e ( ! s\l1 & look to t8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,leav+ ! c>e ( our bodies & ( our prop]ties to o!rs8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v good4 ,,socrates3 ,b h[ c we h a p]fect k ( ! ?+s ( ! s\l8--,= if we "k !m1 !n ,i suppose we %all "k ourselves4 ,c we really be ignorant ( ! excell5t mean+ ( ! ,delphian inscription1 ( :i* we 7 j n[ speak+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at h y 9 y\r ?\ghts1 ,socrates8 ,,socrates3 ,i w tell y :at ,i suspect to be ! mean+ & lesson ( t inscription4 ,let me take an illu/ration f sight1 :i* ,i imag9e to be ! only "o suitable to my purpose4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at d y mean8 ,,socrates3 ,consid]2 if "s "o 7 to say to ! eye1 ',see ?yself1' z y might say to a man1 ',"k ?yself1' :at is ! nature & mean+ ( ?is precept8 ,w\ld n 8 mean+ be3--,t ! eye %\ld look at t 9 :i* x w\ld see itself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at are ! objects 9 look+ at :i* we see ourselves8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly1 ,socrates1 9 look+ at mirrors & ! l4 ,,socrates3 ,v true2 & is !re n some?+ ( ! nature ( a mirror 9 our own eyes8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,did y ev] obs]ve t ! face ( ! p]son look+ into ! eye ( ano!r is reflect$ z 9 a mirror2 & 9 ! visual organ :i* is ov] aga9/ him1 & :i* is call$ ! pupil1 !re is a sort ( image ( ! p]son look+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is q true4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ! eye1 look+ at ano!r eye1 & at t 9 ! eye :i* is mo/ p]fect1 & :i* is ! in/rum5t ( vision1 w !re see itself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is evid5t4 ,,socrates3 ,b look+ at any?+ else ei!r 9 man or 9 ! _w1 & n to :at resembles ?is1 x w n see itself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,!n if ! eye is to see itself1 x mu/ look at ! eye1 & at t "p ( ! eye :]e sight :i* is ! virtue ( ! eye resides8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,& if ! s\l1 my de> ,alcibiades1 is ev] to "k h]self1 mu/ %e n look at ! s\l2 & especially at t "p ( ! s\l 9 :i* h] virtue resides1 & to any o!r :i* is l ?is8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i agree1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,& d we "k ( any "p ( our s\ls m div9e ?an t :i* has to d ) wisdom & k8 ,,alcibiades3 ,!re is none4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ?is is t "p ( ! s\l :i* resembles ! div9e2 & he :o looks at ?is & at ! :ole class ( ?+s div9e1 w be mo/ likely to "k himself8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& self-k we agree to be wisdom8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,b if we h no self-k & no wisdom1 c we ev] "k our own good & evil8 ,,alcibiades3 ,h[ c we1 ,socrates8 ,,socrates3 ,y mean1 t if y did n "k ,alcibiades1 !re w\ld be no possibility ( y\r kn[+ t :at belong$ to ,alcibiades 0 really 88 ,,alcibiades3 ,x w\ld be q impossible4 ,,socrates3 ,nor %\ld we "k t we 7 ! p]sons to :om any?+ belong$1 if we did n "k ourselves8 ,,alcibiades3 ,h[ c\ld we8 ,,socrates3 ,& if we did n "k our own belong+s1 nei!r %\ld we "k ! belong+s ( our belong+s8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,!n we 7 n altoge!r "r 9 ackn[l$g+ j n[ t a man may "k :at belongs to him & yet n "k himself2 nay1 r he _c ev5 "k ! belong+s ( 8 belong+s2 = ! disc]nm5t ( ! ?+s ( self1 & ( ! ?+s :i* belong to ! ?+s ( self1 appe> all to be ! bus9ess ( ! same man1 & ( ! same art4 ,,alcibiades3 ,s mu* may be suppos$4 ,,socrates3 ,& he :o kn[s n ! ?+s :i* belong to himself1 w 9 l mann] be ignorant ( ! ?+s :i* belong to o!rs8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,& if he kn[s n ! affairs ( o!rs1 he w n "k ! affairs ( /ates8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,!n su* a man c nev] be a /atesman8 ,,alcibiades3 ,he _c4 ,,socrates3 ,nor an economi/8 ,,alcibiades3 ,he _c4 ,,socrates3 ,he w n "k :at he is do+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,he w n4 ,,socrates3 ,& w n he :o is ignorant fall into error8 ,,alcibiades3 ,assur$ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& if he falls into error w he n fail bo? 9 8 public & private capacity8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 inde$4 ,,socrates3 ,& fail+1 w he n be mis]able8 ,,alcibiades3 ,v4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at w become ( ^? = :om he is act+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,!y w be mis]able also4 ,,socrates3 ,!n he :o is n wise & good _c be happy8 ,,alcibiades3 ,he _c4 ,,socrates3 ,! bad1 !n1 are mis]able8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 v4 ,,socrates3 ,& if s1 n he :o has ri*es1 b he :o has wisdom1 is deliv]$ f 8 mis]y8 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly4 ,,socrates3 ,cities1 !n1 if !y are to be happy1 d n want walls1 or triremes1 or docks1 or numb]s1 or size1 ,alcibiades1 )\t virtue8 7,comp>e ,ari/4 ,pol47 ,,alcibiades3 ,inde$ !y d n4 ,,socrates3 ,& y mu/ give ! citiz5s virtue1 if y mean to adm9i/] _! affairs rightly or nobly8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,b c a man give t :i* he has n8 ,,alcibiades3 ,impossible4 ,,socrates3 ,!n y or any "o :o means to gov]n & sup]9t5d1 n only himself & ! ?+s ( himself1 b ! /ate & ! ?+s ( ! /ate1 mu/ 9 ! fir/ place acquire virtue4 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,y h n !re=e to obta9 p[] or au?ority1 9 ord] to enable y to d :at y wi% = y\rself & ! /ate1 b ju/ice & wisdom4 ,,alcibiades3 ,cle>ly4 ,,socrates3 ,y & ! /ate1 if y act wisely & ju/ly1 w act accord+ to ! w ( ,god8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,z ,i 0 say+ be=e1 y w look only at :at is bright & div9e1 & act ) a view to !m8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,9 t mirror y w see & "k y\rselves & y\r own good8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& s y w act rightly & well8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,9 :i* case1 ,i w be security = y\r happ9ess4 ,,alcibiades3 ,i accept ! security4 ,,socrates3 ,b if y act unrighte\sly1 y\r eye w turn to ! d>k & godless1 & be+ 9 d>kness & ignorance ( y\rselves1 y w probably d de$s ( d>kness4 ,,alcibiades3 ,v possibly4 ,,socrates3 ,= if a man1 my de> ,alcibiades1 has ! p[] to d :at he likes1 b has no und]/&+1 :at is likely to be ! result1 ei!r to him z an individual or to ! /ate--= example1 if he be sick & is able to d :at he likes1 n hav+ ! m9d ( a physician--hav+ moreov] tyrannical p[]1 & no "o d>+ to reprove him1 :at w happ5 to him8 ,w he n be likely to h 8 con/itution ru9$8 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,or aga91 9 a %ip1 if a man hav+ ! p[] to d :at he likes1 has no intellig5ce or skill 9 navigation1 d y see :at w happ5 to him & to 8 fell[-sailors8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes2 ,i see t !y w all p]i%4 ,,socrates3 ,& 9 l mann]1 9 a /ate1 & :]e !re is any p[] & au?ority :i* is want+ 9 virtue1 w n mis=tune1 9 l mann]1 ensue8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,n tyrannical p[]1 !n1 my good ,alcibiades1 %\ld be ! aim ei!r ( individuals or /ates1 if !y w\ld be happy1 b virtue4 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,& be=e !y h virtue1 to be comm&$ by a sup]ior is bett] = m5 z well z = *ildr58 7,comp>e ,ari/4 ,pol47 ,,alcibiades3 ,t is evid5t4 ,,socrates3 ,& t :i* is bett] is also nobl]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at is nobl] is m becom+8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,!n to ! bad man slav]y is m becom+1 because bett]8 ,,alcibiades3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,!n vice is only suit$ to a slave8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& virtue to a freeman8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,&1 ,o my fri5d1 is n ! condition ( a slave to be avoid$8 ,,alcibiades3 ,c]ta9ly1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,& are y n[ consci\s ( y\r own /ate8 ,& d y "k :e!r y are a freeman or n8 ,,alcibiades3 ,i ?9k t ,i am v consci\s inde$ ( my own /ate4 ,,socrates3 ,& d y "k h[ to escape out ( a /ate :i* ,i d n ev5 l to "n to my beauty8 ,,alcibiades3 ,yes1 ,i d4 ,,socrates3 ,h[8 ,,alcibiades3 ,by y\r help1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,t is n well said1 ,alcibiades4 ,,alcibiades3 ,:at ought ,i to h said8 ,,socrates3 ,by ! help ( ,god4 ,,alcibiades3 ,i agree2 & ,i fur!r say1 t our relations are likely to be rev]s$4 ,f ?is day =w>d1 ,i mu/ & w foll[ y z y h foll[$ me2 ,i w be ! disciple1 & y %all be my ma/]4 ,,socrates3 ,o t is r>e6 ,my love bre$s ano!r love3 & s l ! /ork ,i %all be *]i%$ by ! bird :om ,i h hat*$4 ,,alcibiades3 ,/range1 b true2 & h5ce=w>d ,i %all beg9 to ?9k ab\t ju/ice4 ,,socrates3 ,& ,i hope t y w p]si/2 al?\gh ,i h fe>s1 n because ,i d\bt y2 b ,i see ! p[] ( ! /ate1 :i* may be too mu* = bo? ( u4