,,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s ,,on ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,live/ock ,,& ,,p\ltry ,,! ,,pratt ,,food ,,company ,,( ,,canada1 ,limit$1 ma9ta9s its e/abli%$ position ( lead]%ip1 aft] ne>ly half a c5tury ( bus9ess s]vice1 because ( ! su/a9$ good w ( ^? :om x s]ves4 ,bett] products ?an anyone else c\ld produce1 plus exp]t1 p]sonal1 :ole-he>t$ s]vice1 built t good w4 ,& reta9$ x ?r\gh all ^! ye>s4 ,x 0 ! con/ant aim & ef=t ( ^? :o f\nd$ ?is bus9ess1 & ( ^? :o h c>ri$ out ! f\nd]s' "w to ! pres5t1 to anticipate ! ne$s ( ! indu/ry1 to co-op]ate ) ! individuals 9 x1 to %[ _! vital int]e/ 9 ! success ( _! cu/om]s4 ,^! pr9ciples ( bus9ess practice won ! good w t e/abli%$ ?is company z ! au?ority 9 its important field4 ,our future success dep5ds ^u ! cont9uance ( t good w4 ,our appreciation ( t fact is y\r be/ assurance t 9 ! future ! s]vices ( ?is company1 z well z ! sup]iority ( its products1 w ju/ify ! confid5ce & good w ( ! ?\s&s to :om ! "n ( ,pratt is b ano!r "n = ,quality & ,s]vice4 ,,pr(itable ,,live/ock ,illu/ration3 ,f>m ,animals ,,introduction ,animal husb&ry is ! sure f\ndation ( pr(itable1 p]man5t agriculture4 ,:]e _m animals are kept & _! manure prop]ly c>$ = & return$ to ! l&1 ! soil becomes ri*] & crop-production /eadily increases4 ,& ! f>m] gr[s ri* ) 8 l&4 ,fur!r1 ! keep+ ( live /ock di/ributes ! f>m labor & ! f>m income ov] ! entire ye>4 ,?is is true :e!r meat1 milk or eggs are ! money crops4 ,& c]ta9ly bo? factors are wor?y ( consid]ation f a /raight bus9ess /&po9t4 ,) labor z valuable z x is at pres5t1 lo/ "t cuts into ! pr(its4 ,& :5 ! income is regul>1 n conc5trat$ 9 a %ort p]iod or dep5d5t ^u ! success ( a s+le crop1 ! matt] ( f>m f9ance is mu* simplifi$4 ,consid] ! ri*e/ & mo/ desirable agricultural sections ( our great l&4 ,) v few exceptions1 ! be/ & mo/ valuable f>ms are ^? :i* are heavily /ock$ ) dome/ic animals4 ,"h1 too1 are f\nd ! f9e/ f>m homes1 ! mo/ prosp]\s & cont5t$ f>m families4 ,& ?is fact1 :i* is s well e/abli%$ t x requires no argum5t1 pla9ly %[s t animal husb&ry pays4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages y w f9d mu* valuable in=mation reg>d+ ! prop] c>e--9 heal? & sickness--( horses1 cattle1 sw9e1 %eep & p\ltry4 ,we tru/1 & believe t y w f9d x mo/ helpful 9 connection ) y\r "w4 ,t x w enable y to be m successful1 e>n bigg] pr(its4 ,"r at ! />t we wi% to emphasize two facts :i* are really fundam5tal & :i* are recogniz$ by ! mo/ successful /ock keep]s4 ,! fir/ is ?is3 ,x does n pay to keep scrub /ock1 animals :i* _c "u any conditions give ! big returns4 ,! second3 ,no animal1 reg>dless ( bre$+1 c d its be/ "w unless x is kept 9 p]fect physical condition4 ,! selection ( y\r animals is up to y4 ,get good ones4 ,?an keep !m good & make !m bett]4 ,! ,pratt l9e ( /ock & p\ltry prep>ations1 regulators1 tonics1 dis9fectants & rem$ies1 w help y greatly4 ,made = ne>ly fifty ye>s by ,am]ica's pione] conc]n 9 ?is l9e1 ea* article is ! be/ ( its k9d1 ea* is back$ by ?is squ>e-deal gu>antee--,y\r ,money ,back ,if ,y ,are ,n ,satisfi$4 ,,pratt ,,food ,,company ,philadelphia ,*icago ,toronto ,,! ,,pratt ,,gu>antee ,y\r ,money ,back ,if ,,y ,are ,n ,satisfi$ ,! ,pratt ,food ,company believes 9 fair play4 ,we desire t our millions ( cu/om]s %all receive full value = e c5t !y sp5d 9 pur*as+ our goods4 ,& to t end we sp>e no exp5se 9 mak+ ea* article 9 ! ,pratt ,l9e j z good1 j z effici5t1 z is humanly possible4 ,m ?an t1 we wi% ea* cu/om] to be completely satisfi$4 ,if = any reason any article be>+ ! ,pratt trade-m>k fails to give su* satisfaction1 ! full pur*ase price w be refund$ on dem& by ! deal] :o made ! sale4 ,y c buy & use ,pratts ,/ock & ,p\ltry ,prep>ations ) fulle/ confid5ce because y are protect$ by ,! ,gu>antee ,t ,has ,/ood ,= ,ne>ly ,fifty ,ye>s ,copyright1 #aiai1 by ,pratt ,food ,co4 ,,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s ,,horses ,:ile ! automobile & ! tractor are n[ do+ mu* ( ! "w =m]ly done by horses1 ! horseless era is /ill f> (f4 ,a good horse w always be wor? good money1 w always be a desirable & pr(itable memb] ( ! f>m family4 ,b ! und]siz$ no-bre$ specim5 w be ev5 less valuable 9 ! future ?an 9 ! pa/4 ,! great dem& = horses = army use & ! high prices paid by ! ,gov]nm5t1 tempt$ horse bre$]s & f>m]s to dispose ( ! f9e specim5s :i* alone met ! exact+ requirem5ts ( army buy]s4 ,x w take ye>s to make good ?is trem5d\s wa/age ( horse fle%4 ,b ?is is a big opportunity = bre$]s ( good horses & we may expect !m to make ! mo/ ( x4 ,prices ( really desirable horses are n[ high4 ,if y h a good "o1 take good c>e ( him4 ,protect 8 heal?1 l5g!n 8 life4 ,if y mu/ buy1 be sure t y get a s\nd animal :i* w s]ve y long & fai?fully4 ,see ! horse 9 8 /all4 ,if he has a spav9 he w hop on "o leg :5 made to get ov]1 or j]k x up z he backs out if he is affect$ ) *orea 7,/4 ,vitus' dance74 ,9 ! latt] disease ! tail is sudd5ly rais$ & quiv]s :5 ! animal backs out ( /all4 ,wat* to see if ! horse cribs & sucks w9d3 also t he is n vici\s 9 ! /all4 ,/& him at re/ on a level floor be=e ex]cise4 ,if he is lame he w re/ ! sore foot4 ,exam9e bo? sides ( ! horse4 ,! deal] may /& ! bad side next to a wall4 ,pick up ea* foot 9 turn4 ,suspect some?+ wrong if he we>s b> %oes1 special %ape %oes1 lea!r soles or rubb] pads4 ,remove all su* ?+s & exam9e c>efully be=e buy+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]*]on ,,horse ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,englewood1 ,colo4 ,i h _h _m deal+s ) rund[n horses1 bo? 9 ! draft & hot blood classes1 & ,pratts goods h always br\ght !m out on top4 ,,jas4 ,s4 ,,k9sley1 ,,jr4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,reject = contract$ feet1 /eep heels1 %runk5 frogs & b>s1 dropp$ soles1 corns1 qu>t] cracks & signs ( f\nd]4 ,see t ho( dress+ does n cov] evid5ces ( un-s\ndness4 ,foll[+ bad attacks ( f\nd] ! ho( gr[s out long at ! toes1 %[s m>k$ grooves & ridges1 is convex at ! po9ts ( ! frogs1 & ! horse t5ds to ?ru/ 8 =efeet out 9 front :5 /&+ & walks & trots on 8 heels4 ,r+bones are indicat$ by h>d bony enl>gem5ts on ! pa/]n2 side-bones1 by simil> enl>gem5ts at ! qu>t]s j above juncture ( horn & hair4 ,exam9e front ( knees = sc>s indicat+ results ( /umbl+ & fall+4 ,simil> sc>s on ! inside ( knees & fetlocks indicate objectionable cutt+ & int]f]+4 ,%\ld]s & hips %\ld be smoo?1 well cov]$1 & free f tumors or sores4 ,no sores %\ld be se5 on back or top ( neck "u coll>4 ,exam9e tee? = age & s\ndness4 ,see t eyes are ( l color1 are s\nd1 & ! eyelids :ole4 ,! horse %\ld all[ "o to exam9e 8 e>s1 & %\ld nei!r hold !m absolutely /ill nor keep !m con/antly mov+4 ,/ill e>s may indicate deafness2 re/less ones1 poor eyesight or n]v\sness4 ,see t ! horse goes s\nd & does n ro> :5 gallop$4 ,give him all ! wat] he w dr9k be=e te/+ = w9d4 ,x w br+ out ! *>act]i/ic symptoms ( heaves if he has be5 dop$4 ,heaves is indicat$ by labor$ bell[s-l action ( ! abdom9al muscles :5 brea?+4 ,exam9e ! no/rils1 z sponges or squeez$ lemons may h be5 ins]t$ to hide ro>+4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,madison1 ,wis4 ,i ?9k e man t owns horses %\ld h ,pratts ,animal ,regulator on h&4 ,i am a team/] & f9d x ( great b5efit to my horses1 :e!r run d[n or n4 ,,h>ry ,e4 ,,burmei/] ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,clydesdale ,,horse ,a spav9$ horse />ts out lame = a few /eps or rods & !n goes s\nd4 ,a lame %\ld] causes dragg+ ( ! toe & roll+ :5 9 motion4 ,a r+-bone causes an extra long /ep & lam5ess increases ) ex]cise4 ,/ifle lam5ess causes walk+ on ! heels ( %oe & consequ5t we>+ ( ! iron4 ,hip lam5ess causes outw>d roll+ ( ! leg 9 trott+1 & wa/+ ( ! muscles ( /ifle & hip leads to a *>act]i/ic drop4 ,see t ! horse's tail is s\nd1 has n be5 jo9$ on & is free f sores1 tumors or evid5ces ( rec5t dock+4 ,always rememb] to back ! horse up z well z drive or ride him & see t he is n only s\nd & g5tle b suitable = ! special "w he w be requir$ to d4 ,illu/ration3 ,c>e ( ! ,horse ,c>e ( ! ,horse ,a gr[n "w horse requires daily ab\t "o p\nd ( gra9 7conc5trate7 = ea* hundr$ p\nds ( live weight4 ,( hay he w ne$ a slightly l>g] am\nt or ab\t f\rte5 to eighte5 p\nds a day1 accord+ to size1 weight1 & "* ( "w done4 ,! idle horse w d well on less gra9 & m r\ghage4 ,= a f>m horse1 #aj p\nds ( oats1 #e p\nds ( corn1 & #c p\nds ( bran1 divid$ into ?ree equal fe$s1 w make a suitable ration = "o day4 ,! corn may be f$ at noon to give v>iety4 ,= ! ev5+ meal cru%$ oats1 bran1 & a few h&fuls ( cut hay1 wett$ & salt$1 w be reli%$4 ,! bulk ( ! hay %\ld be f$ at night1 & b two or ?ree p\nds ( x at noon1 dur+ hot wea!r4 ,avoid du/y hay4 ,clov] hay is apt to be moldy4 ,x is suitable food = "w horses1 or idle draft]s1 if s\nd & n too lib]ally f$4 ,increase ! corn 9 cold wea!r4 ,omit x 9 hot wea!r entirely4 ,alfalfa is ( high fe$+ value1 b if moldy1 or f$ z a well-nigh exclusive ration1 is apt to affect ! kidneys injuri\sly4 ,x is deem$ unsafe food = /allions1 z x is said to induce impot5ce or /]ility4 ,horses %\ld dr9k be=e !y eat1 unless !y h ready access to fre% wat]4 ,x is be/ to all[ dr9k+ wat] (t5 9 small quantities1 ev5 if ! horse is hot4 ,s us$ x w n hurt him4 ,! horse's /oma* holds ?ree & "o-half gallons4 ,wat] fl[s ?r\gh ! /oma* along sev5ty or m feet ( small inte/9e1 into ! wat]bag4 ,hay is n dige/$ to any ext5t 9 ! /oma*4 ,t organ c>es = ! conc5trat$ food4 ,!oretically1 a horse %\ld dr9k fir/1 !n eat hay1 !n gra94 ,practically no great am\nt ( wat] %\ld be tak5 j aft] a meal z x t5ds to flu% undige/$ food out ( ! /oma*2 nor %\ld x be giv5 soon aft] a meal4 ,all /ables1 p5s1 out h\ses1 p\ltry h\ses & y>ds %\ld be regul>ly dis9fect$ e week2 no?+ bett] c be us$ ?an ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant4 ,?is prep>ation is entirely free f all dang]\s sub/ances1 ars5ic1 m]cury1 etc41 b full ( m$ic9al qualities & prop]ties :i* make x mo/ effective )\t ! dang]\s results :i* are exp]i5c$ ) _m o!r prep>ations1 su* z c>bolic acid1 etc4 ,x kills disease g]ms & prev5ts contagi\s diseases f spread+4 ,f>m horses d n ne$ blanket+ 9 ! /able "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,a ?9 %eet 9 ! /able keeps (f flies & du/ & is necess>y4 ,pratts ,fly ,*as] is a prov$ & safe fly repellant4 ,x does n gum ! hair4 ,its effici5cy is unequall$4 ,if a horse sweats "u ! blanket1 uncov] 8 re> p>ts4 ,always tuck ! blanket ab\t a horse's *e/ :5 /&+ on ! /reet 9 inclem5t wea!r or :5 cool+ (f4 ,rubb] lo9 cov]s1 us$ on c>riage horses 9 wet wea!r1 %\ld be p]=at$4 ,9 ! spr+1 ! am\nt ( ,pratts ,animal ,regulator giv5 %\ld be some:at increas$4 ,?is w put ! horse into condition 9 mu* less "t1 & be ( great assi/ance 9 help+ to %$ readily4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,w9?rop1 ,n4,y4 ,i h us$ ,pratts ,animal ,regulator = ! pa/ ?ree ye>s & h f\nd x v successful ) bo? horses & hogs4 ,,?os4 ,j4 ,o',,donnell4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,insure ,,live ,,/ock ,,heal? ,,& ,,vigor ,don't p]mit y\r h>d-work+1 heavy-produc+ or fa/-gr[+ animals to become run-d[n & out ( condition4 ,x's mu* easi] & less exp5sive to keep !m "r ?an to re/ore !m to p]fect heal?4 ,! regul> use ( ,pratts ,animal ,regulator absolutely insures heal? & vigor 9 live /ock ( all k9ds4 ,x keeps heal?y animals 9 ! p9k ( condition2 x quickly puts half-sick1 unpr(itable /ock 9 ! money-mak+ class4 ,pratts ,animal ,regulator1 ,am]ica's orig9al gu>ante$ ,/ock ,tonic & ,condition]1 is n a food4 ,x is a comb9ation ( roots1 h]bs1 spices & m$ic9es :i* %>p5 appetite & improves dige/ion1 regulates ! b[els1 makes ri*1 r$ blood1 & naturally invigorates ! organs ( production4 ,x promotes gr[?1 improves heal? & /r5g?1 increases production4 ,& all at v little co/4 ,pack$ 9 h&y c>tons1 pails & boxes4 ,! l>g] sizes are m economical4 ,illu/ration3 ,pratts ,animal ,regulator ,,if ,,disease ,,appe>s1 ,,cure ,,x ,,quick ,e>ly treatm5t is mo/ necess>y4 ,d n let ! disord] become firmly seat$ be=e y attack x4 ,keep ^! ,pratts ,rem$ies on h& & use !m at once if ne$$4 ,delay may mean ! loss ( a valuable animal4 ,,pratts ,,colic ,,rem$y ,a quick c]ta9 cure = colic & acute indige/ion 9 horses4 ,has a record ( #iih cures out ( #a1jjj cases4 ,keep a bottle 9 ea* wagon & 9 y\r /able4 ,,pratts ,,di/emp] & ,,p9k ,,eye ,,rem$y ,x goes direct to ! cause ( ! disease1 purifies ! blood1 prev5ts weak5+ ( ! int]nal organs caus$ by impure blood or poison$ by absorb+ ! impure matt] f ! abscesses4 ,,pratts ,,heal+ ,,o9tm5t ,a spl5did antiseptic o9tm5t = man or bea/4 ,keep a box on h& = cuts1 burns1 sores1 scrat*es1 eczema1 galls1 etc4 ,,pratts ,,worm ,,p[d] is a special prep>ation = ! de/ruction ( all k9ds ( worms 9 horses1 c[s1 hogs & %eep4 ,x is purely vegetable & is unque/ionably ! quicke/1 sure/ & mo/ ?or\gh worm de/roy] procurable4 ,,pratts ,,l9im5t ,= man or bea/4 ,! be/ ?+ 9 ! _w = lam5ess1 spra9s1 bruises1 ?ru%1 kicks1 %oe boils1 etc4 ,a bottle %\ld be kept 9 e m$ic9e *e/4 ,,pratts ,,heave ,,rem$y ,a positive gu>ante$ rem$y = heaves1 c\ghs & colds4 ,x cures c\ghs & colds by /r5g!n+ ! dige/ive & respiratory organs1 & c\nt]acts ! inflammation & irritation4 ,try a box on y\r heavy horse4 ,,pratts ,,heal+ ,,p[d] ,a gu>ante$ rem$y = h>ness galls1 sores1 grease heel1 ble$+ ulc]s1 etc4 ,x w arre/ hemorrhage & *eck blood fl[4 ,dirt & du/ _c get into w\nds1 z ! ,p[d] =ms a coat+ ov] !m4 ,,pratts ,,fly ,,*as] ,gives com=t to ,horses & ,c[s4 ,insures m milk & prev5ts annoyance at milk+ "t to bo? ! milk] & ! c[4 ,gu>ante$ to satisfy4 ,sold by #fj1jjj ,pratts deal]s4 ,!re is "o ne> y4 ,,y\r ,,money ,,back ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,n ,,satisfi$ ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,always g to a horse%o] :o ?or\ghly und]/&s ! anatomy ( ! horse's foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,morgan ,,horse ,! ho( is n an ins5sitive mass ( horn1 to be cut1 rasp$1 burn$1 nail-pi]c$1 & hamm]$ )\t caus+ pa9 or injury4 ,x is a ?9 mass ( horn ov]ly+ & intimately atta*$ to a s5sitive1 blood & n]ve-end[$ tissue call$ ! quick :i* is capable ( suff]+ excruciat+ agony4 ,! slices %\ld be made to fit ! ho( & ne$ to be reset once a mon?4 ,! p]man5t tee? are =ty--tw5ty-f\r gr9d]s1 twelve front tee? & f\r tusks1 except 9 m>es1 :i* seldom h tusks4 ,! age ( a horse c be told m or less accurately by ! tee?4 ,! tee? are liable to disease & %\ld be closely wat*$4 ,bad tee? are (t5 an unsuspect$ cause ( indige/ion1 loss ( condition1 bad coat1 slobb]+ & o!r tr\bles :i* puzzle ! own]4 ,horses v (t5 h decay$ tee?1 & suff] ) too?a*e4 ,^! tee? %\ld be remov$4 ,horse ,diseases ,if horses & cattle 7 left free to roam z ,nature int5d$1 _m ( _! pres5t-day ailm5ts w\ld be unkn[n4 ,man has tak5 ^! animals f ,nature's broad g>d51 & conf9$ !m to ! n>r[ limits ( /able & /all4 ,no long] c !y seek out & in/9ctively f9d j ^? roots1 h]bs1 se$s1 & b>ks :i* _! sy/ems dem&4 ,?is expla9s :y ,pratts ,animal ,regulator has be5 us$ by successful horsem5 = ne>ly a half c5tury1 z x is l>gely compos$ ( ^! same vegetable +r$i5ts f ,nature's g>d54 ,m]it & quality c\nt1 & :ile ho/s ( imitators h sprung up1 none h ev] come ne> equall+ our product4 ,pratts ,animal ,regulator re/ores to ! animals _! natural con/itutions & functions1 supply+ j t :i* !y =m]ly _h1 b n[ lack4 ,:ile n a cure = e disease1 x is a positive prev5tive ( ! mo/ common disord]s4 ,x aids dige/ion & insures ! animal receiv+ full b5efit ( its food2 purifies ! blood & keeps ! b[els free & regul>4 ,aft] y h accompli%$ ^! ?ree ?+s1 y ne$ n fe> disease 9 ! %ape ( colic1 bloat1 heaves1 hide-b\nd1 di/emp]1 con/ipation1 worms1 & ! l4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,i %all be pleas$ to recomm5d ,pratts ,animal ,regulator always1 z my horse has ga9$ 9 /r5g? & weight & is look+ f9e1 always hav+ a glossy coat4 ,he works h>d e day 9 ! dray bus9ess4 ,h4,g4 ,,am]9e4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,b>b-,wire ,cuts ,clean ) soap & wat]1 & apply ,pratts ,heal+ ,o9tm5t or ,pratts ,heal+ ,p[d]4 ,^! rem$ies heal naturally & leave no dang]\s sc>4 ,colds ,symptoms4--,a dull appe>ance ( ! horse1 r\gh coat2 ! body w be hot 9 p>ts & cold 9 o!rs2 runn+ ( ! eyes & a dis*>ge f ! nose4 ,treatm5t4--,keep ! horse w>m & free f draughts2 use nose bag & give ,pratts ,heave1 ,c\gh & ,cold ,rem$y accord+ to directions4 ,x nev] fails4 ,give n\ri%+ fe$ & bran ma%es & ,pratts ,animal ,regulator daily4 ,colic ,common causes ( colic are sudd5 *anges ( food2 fe$+ too mu* or too seldom2 fe$+ :5 ! horse is hot & tir$2 wat]+ or work+ too soon aft] a meal2 fe$+ new oats1 or new hay1 or grass2 or1 9 %ort1 any?+ t is apt to d]ange dige/ion4 ,!re are v>i\s =ms ( colic4 ,9 cramp 7spasmodic7 colic1 pa9s come & g & ! horse rolls viol5tly & fe>lessly4 ,9 w9d 7flatul5t7 colic !re is bloat+ ( ! "r flank & ! horse lies d[n1 rolls )\t viol5ce1 brea!s ) difficulty1 paws1 looks ar\nd at 8 sides & f9ds no relief4 ,9 bloat ( ! /oma*1 gas & fluid gu% back & =? f ! /oma* to ! ?roat2 flanks may n %[ bloat2 pa9 is /eady b n viol5t2 horse sweats2 no/rils flap2 pulse is fa/ & weak2 c\nt5ance is hagg>d & anxi\s4 ,9 ent]itis 7inflammation ( ! b[els7 pa9 is con/ant & sev]e2 ! horse makes frequ5t attempts to lie d[n b is afraid to d s2 pulse & temp]ature run high2 membranes ( eyelids1 no/rils1 & m\? are r$2 b[els & bladd] d n act2 horse may walk p]si/5tly 9 a circle4 ,9 impaction ( ! b[els1 pa9s are comp>atively mild or fugitive2 horse is re/less1 paws (t51 /ra9s & passes no manure1 or only a few balls cov]$ ) slime & /reaks ( :ite mucus4 ,9 gut-tie1 h]nia1 & o!r absolute /oppage ( ! b[els1 symptoms ( ent]itis are common & ! horse may1 :5 d[n1 /ra9 & !n sit on 8 haun*es4 ,! latt] condition1 & ent]itis1 usually prove fatal4 ,w9d colic may ne$ prompt use ( ! troc> & cannula to puncture high up 9 ! "r flank = lib]ation ( gas4 ,9 impaction1 raw l9se$ oil %\ld be freely giv5 9 repeat$ doses ( "o p9t1 & rectal injections ( soapy w>m wat] & glyc]9e w help4 ,no irritants %\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! vag9a or %ea? 9 any =m ( colic4 ,/oppage ( ur9e is a result ( pa91 n ! cause ( colic4 ,! ur9e w come :5 ! pa9 subsides4 ,a good all-ar\nd colic rem$y w be f\nd 9 ,pratts ,vet]9>y ,colic ,rem$y4 ,x is comp\nd$ f ! prescription ( a qualifi$ vet]9>ian & has a record ( cur+ #iih cases out ( #a1jjj treat$4 ,con/ipation ,all horses %\ld be giv5 a w>m bran ma% weekly & ,pratts ,animal ,regulator daily1 & con/ipation w be unkn[n4 ,con/ipation is (t5 ! cause ( hide b\nd1 r\gh coat & loss ( fle%4 ,give a good physic ( l9se$ oil1 aloes or cantor oil1 & use ! ,regulator m5tion$ above4 ,c\ghs ,cause4--,*ronic c\ghs are ! result ( di/emp]1 sore ?roat1 a neglect$ cold1 cat>rh or du/y hay1 & frequ5tly turn into heaves1 bron*itis1 etc4 ,treatm5t4--,give only ! be/ & mo/ n\ri%+ foods1 damp5$4 ,keep horse w>m1 & blanket$ 9 a well v5tilat$ /able4 ,if !re is a swell+ ( ! ?roat x %\ld be bli/]$ ) ,pratts ,l9im5t1 or ,pratts ,spav9 ,pa/e--,a ,bli/]4 ,use ,pratts ,heave1 ,c\gh & ,cold ,rem$y accord+ to directions4 ,di>rhoea ,symptoms4--,at fir/ x resembles colic1 & w be foll[$ by viol5t di>rhoea2 ! dis*>ge soon becomes m]ely discolor$ wat] & smells bad2 ! horse is v ?ir/y1 ! pulse ?ick & feeble1 ! he>t skips its beats1 ! position ( ! horse is some?+ l colic1 & he sweats freely4 ,cause4--,f diseas$ condition ( tee?1 eat+ ri*1 juicy food1 dr9k+ impure wat] or f ov]dose ( physic4 ,treatm5t4--,if ! di>rhoea is sev]e1 call a vet]9>ian4 ,dur+ & aft] recov]y pay att5tion to ! food4 ,avoid bran ma%es4 ,mu* dep5ds on ! c>e at ?is "t1 & ! con/ant us+ ( ,pratts ,animal ,regulator1 ) all fe$1 dur+ 8 recov]y4 ,fe$ lightly = fir/ two or ?ree days4 ,di/emp] ,di/emp] & ,p9k ,eye are closely relat$ & "o is (t5 mi/ak5 = ! o!r4 ,x usually affects colts betwe5 ! ages ( ?ree & five ye>s4 ,if a horse is once afflict$ x is immune f a second attack4 ,! feature ( di/emp] is ! swell+ "u ! jaw1 ! size indicat+ ! sev]ity ( ! case4 ,! animal is dull2 ! head has a pok$-out appe>ance2 c\ghs2 no appetite2 feet are cold2 saliva runs f its m\?2 has cat>rhal symptoms & difficulty 9 swall[+2 ! "n /rangles is (t5 appli$ to x4 ,:5 ?is swell+ =ms on ! lungs1 liv]1 etc41 ! case is aggravat$ & difficult to cure4 ,di/emp] is contagi\s4 ,x may occur at any "t1 b is mo/ preval5t f ,septemb] to ,april4 ,pratts ,di/emp] & ,p9k ,eye ,rem$y w positively relieve ! disease at once4 ,blanket ! horse & keep 9 a well-v5tilat$ /able1 free f draughts4 ,give cold wat] frequ5tly 9 small quantities & fe$ ) :atev] he w eat4 ,:5 an abscess =ms on ! outside & becomes s(t1 x %\ld be op5$ & ! s(t p>ts surr\nd+ x p\ltic$ s t !re w be no bun* left aft] x heals4 ,dis9fect /able ) ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant4 ,f\nd] or ,lam9itis ,symptoms4--,an inflammation ( ! entire foot :i* causes su* int5se pa9 t ! animal _c /&4 ,! pulse is /rong1 ?ick & ?robb+1 & ! horse lies d[n ) legs /ret*$ out4 ,cause4--,ov]-ex]tion1 or aft]-effects f *ill+1 inflammation ( ! lungs1 b[els or muc\s membrane ( ! bron*ial tubes1 etc4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,frank=d1 ,pa4 ,i doctor$ a v lame horse ) ,pratts ,l9im5t aft] try+ o!r treatm5t = mon?s4 ,9 a c\ple ( days ! lam5ess left & we us$ him e day till he di$ ( old age4 ,,ar?ur ,c4 ,,%imel ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,treatm5t4--,remove ! %oe1 & soak ! feet 9 w>m wat] = six or eight h\rs & repeat 9 two or ?ree days4 ,also apply ,pratts ,pe]less ,ho( ,o9tm5t at night all ov] ! bottom ( ! foot & to all p>ts ( ! frog & at top ( ho( jo9+ ! hair1 & cov] ! entire wall ( ! foot4 ,! horse %\ld /& on a deep1 s(t b$4 ,cov] ) blankets4 ,fe$ bran ma%es1 vegetables & hay2 no gra94 ,use wide-webb$ %oes two weeks aft] recov]y4 ,heaves ,! symptoms ( ?is disease are *ronic1 spasmodic c\gh & simultane\s passage ( gas f ! rectum2 d\ble bell[slike action ( ! abdom9al muscles 9 brea?+2 h>% />+ coat2 hide-b\nd sk92 weakness1 & ill-heal? 9 g5]al4 ,ov]-burd5+ ( ! /oma* ) co>se1 bulky1 du/y1 or woody hay or o!r r\ghage1 & work+ ! horse imm$iately aft] su* a meal induces heaves4 ,! horse t has inh]it$ a glutton\s appetite is especially subject to ! disease4 ,probably ! mo/ effective rem$y = ?is disease is ,pratts ,heave ,rem$y4 ,9 addition to us+ ! ,rem$y z direct$1 we w\ld sugge/ wett+ all food ) lime wat]1 fe$+ wet oat /raw 9 w9t] & grass 9 summ] 9 pref]5ce to hay2 all[+ d\ble ! cu/om>y re/ p]iod aft] meals & keep+ ! b[els freely op5 by fe$+ bran ma%es conta9+ raw l9se$ oil or flaxse$ meal4 ,it* ,?is is ! "n giv5 to mange1 eczema & o!r sk9 diseases4 ,x is usually preval5t 9 summ] & f a small beg9n+ on an animal1 w rapidly spread all ov] ! body4 ,treatm5t4--,wa% ! p>ts ?or\ghly ) a solution ( "o "p ( ,pratts ,dis9fectant to #bj p>ts wat]4 ,let x dry & !n apply ,pratts ,heal+ ,o9tm5t or ,heal+ ,p[d] two or ?ree times a day4 ,lice ,spr9kle ,pratts ,dis9fectant on an old blanket & tie x ar\nd ! animal = two or ?ree h\rs4 ,?is w quickly kill all v]m94 ,spray lightly ^u ! legs & su* places t ! blanket w n cov]4 ,!n spray ?or\ghly ! /able & all p\ltry h\ses ne> ) ! ,dis9fectant1 accord+ to directions4 ,give ,pratts ,animal ,regulator to build up ! animals t h be5 affect$4 ,puncture & ,w\nds 9 ! ,foot ,9 all cases1 ! op5+ or puncture 9 ! ho( mu/ be made l>g]1 s z to give free v5t = ! matt] :i* is sure to =m4 ,if ?is is n done1 quittor w foll[4 ,!n dress ) ,pratts ,pe]less ,ho( ,o9tm5t4 ,:ile work+ ! horse1 a pl$get ( t[1 cov]$ ) ,pratts ,pe]less ,ho( ,o9tm5t1 may be plac$ 9 & ov] ! puncture & conf9$2 b x mu/ n be all[$ to rema9 aft] ! horse returns to ! /able4 ,soak ! feet = eight or t5 h\rs a day = two or ?ree days 9 a #e solution ( ,pratts ,dis9fectant & apply ! ,o9tm5t4 ,horse w n h pr\d fle% :5 ?is rem$y is us$4 ,qu>t] ,cracks ,cut top ( ho( above ! crack deep en\gh to draw blood4 ,soak foot 9 hot wat]1 apply ,pratts ,pe]less ,ho( ,o9tm5t & cov] ) oakum4 ,p>e out sole & op5 heel--blacksmi? mu/ use c>e 9 exp&+4 ,apply ,pratts ,pe]less ,ho( ,o9tm5t daily to ! coronet & frogs--?is is v important4 ,use b> %oe4 ,?9 ,fle% ,animal ne$s a good tonic4 ,use ,pratts ,animal ,regulator daily ) ! fe$ accord+ to directions4 ,?is is a regulator1 tonic & dige/ive & s works ^u ! blood1 liv]1 b[els & dige/ive organs t ! animal is quickly built up1 & is giv5 /r5g?1 heal? & fle%4 ,?ru% ,symptoms4--,%[n by a f\l dis*>ge issu+ f ! cleft ( ! foot1 & usually att5d$ ) decay ( ! horn & a vile odor4 ,! foot is hot & h>d4 ,cause4--,9 ! =e feet1 x is g5]ally ! result ( navicul> disease or contraction ( ! feet4 ,9 ! h9d feet x is entirely caus$ by fil?y /ables1 all[+ ! feet to /& 9 decay+ manure4 ,treatm5t4--,h absolute cleanl9ess 9 ! /able & /alls1 dis9fect+ ) ,pratts ,dis9fectant4 ,wa% ! foot ?or\ghly ) soap & wat]1 & cut away all diseas$ & ragg$ p>ts z well z ! :ite1 p[d]y decay$ horn & sub/ance1 ev5 if ! fle% is expos$ & ! frog mu* r$uc$4 ,!n p\r ,pratts ,l9im5t ov] ! affect$ p>ts4 ,dress daily until cur$4 ,ano!r excell5t rem$y is to wa% out diseas$ portion ( ho( ) "o "p ,pratts ,dis9fectant & #bj p>ts ( wat] ?ree times a day4 ,worms ,horses take 9 worm eggs on pa/ure1 9 hay1 & 9 dr9k+ wat] f contam9at$ tr\ghs or ponds4 ,m>% or swale hay is p>ticul>ly liable to infe/ ) worms4 ,avoid s\rces ( worms4 ,cleanl9ess is imp]ative4 ,cut d[n fe$ "o-half1 mix bran ) fe$ & damp5 x4 ,give "o dose ( ,pratts ,specially ,prep>$ ,worm ,p[d] ) ! fe$ twice a day = f\r days4 ,aft] f\r? day give l>ge1 s(t1 well-scald$ bran ma% to loos5 b[els freely4 ,repeat ! bran ma%es if necess>y1 z ! b[els mu/ be mov$ freely4 ,%\ld ! horse refuse to eat ! bran ma%1 x w be necess>y to give him a dose ( ,glaub]'s salts1 or "s o!r purge to loos5 ! b[els4 ,p9 ,worms4--,sometimes p9 worms rema9 j inside ! rectum1 & are v h>d & /ubborn to cure4 ,9 cases ( ?is k9d1 if ! desir$ result is n obta9$ by fe$+ ,pratts ,worm ,p[d]1 dissolve "o ( ! p[d]s 9 a qu>t ( wat] & inject 9 ! rectum4 ,repeat ?is once a day 9 ! ev5+1 & cont9ue = f\r or five days4 ,d n fail 9 ?is case1 z 9 all o!r cases ( worms1 to fe$ bran ma%es until ! b[els are freely mov$1 & %\ld ! horse refuse ! bran ma% or %\ld x fail to move ! b[els1 give ! horse a dose ( ,glaub]'s salts4 ,pratts ,worm ,p[d] is a special prep>ation = ! de/ruction ( all k9ds ( worms 9 horses1 hogs1 & %eep4 ,x is purely vegetable1 has a /rong tonic effect t builds up & helps ! animal to rega9 /r5g?1 & is ! quicke/ & mo/ ?or\gh worm de/roy] on ! m>ket4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,e ,,pratt ,,prep>ation is sold ) a positive & absolute ,,gu>antee--,y\r ,money ,back ,if ,y ,are ,n ,satisfi$4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,c>e ( ,c[s ,,cattle ,c[s w br+ l>ge or small pr(its 9 proportion to ! c>e !y receive4 ,if prop]ly h\s$1 prop]ly f$1 prop]ly br$1 & prop]ly protect$ aga9/ disease !y w fully repay ! little extra att5tion requir$4 ,/rive intellig5tly to secure ! greate/ possible regul> production4 ,keep a %>p look\t = unfavorable symptoms & be prompt 9 f9d+ a cause = poor condition & rem$y+ x4 ,c[s kept 9 p]fect heal? are ! lea/ exp5se1 lea/ tr\ble1 & ! greate/ pr(it-e>n]s4 ,y d n ne$ to be a vet]9>ian to "k t ! heal? ( a c[ dep5ds on a good heal?y appetite ) complete dige/ion & p]fect assimilation ( ! daily ration4 ,t is j pla9 common s5se4 ,no c[ :i* is n a big eat] c be pr(itable4 ,b appetite is n ( itself suffici5t to make a c[ a money mak]4 ,!re mu/ be s\nd dige/ion4 ,once e/abli% & ma9ta9 good dige/ion1 food p]=ms its natural functions4 ,bodily wa/e is repair$4 ,/r5g? & gr[? are notic$ & ! c[ gives ! utmo/ possible am\nt ( milk4 ,see !n1 t y\r c[s h he>ty1 heal?y appetites & good dige/ion4 ,good dige/ion does n always foll[ a l>ge appetite4 ,a c[ giv+ only a few qu>ts ( milk a day w (t5 eat z mu* z "o giv+ gallons4 ,%e requires ! same am\nt ( c>e & att5tion4 ,! tr\ble is t %e does n h good dige/ion to conv]t food into milk4 ,( c\rse !re are c[s :i* w always be small milk]s1 b !re are _m _m m c[s :i* c be made to give sub/antial1 pay+ increase ( milk production if prop] att5tion is giv5 !m4 ,p]haps !re are su* c[s 9 y\r h]d4 ,)\t y\r ev5 realiz+ x1 !y are out ( condition4 ,a little help & !y w\ld give en\gh m milk to pay y a satisfactory pr(it4 ,?is help c easily be giv54 ,y\r own deal] has x4 ,we mean ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y1 = c[s only4 ,we all "k h[1 :5 we are well1 ! sight or smell ( pleasant ta/+ food1 makes ! m\? wat]4 ,?is is lit]ally true because ! dige/ive gl&s ( ! m\? & /oma* p\r out _! secretions & are ready to beg9 dige/+ ! food4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! n]ves fail to s5d _! messages to ! gl&s or ! gl&s fail to respond1 we h a diseas$ condition & we take m$ic9e to assi/ 9 recov]y4 ,?us ! s5sation kn[n z appetite is really at ! basis ( s\nd heal?4 ,)\t x1 x is d\btful if animals w\ld eat en\gh to supply _! bodily ne$s4 ,! m]e =c+ ( food into ! /oma* w\ld avail little4 ,!re mu/ be desire = food1 & re/or+ ! appetite is ! fir/ /ep 9 br++ ! heal? back4 ,9 o!r words an appetiz] is (t5 requir$ to induce u to eat4 ,!n ?or\gh dige/ion builds up bodily /r5g?4 ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y does all ?is = ! c[1 assi/+ ,nature 9 br++ up ! appetite1 /imulat+ dige/ion1 re/or+ & ma9ta9+ heal?4 ,cattle is g5]ally divid$ into dairy1 beef & dual purpose bre$s4 ,! names signify ! advantages claim$ = !m4 ,9 ! dairy bre$s1 ! ,hol/e91 ,j]sey1 ,gu]nseys1 ,fr5* ,canadian & ,ayr%ire are lead]s4 ,%or?orns1 ,h]e=ds1 ,poll$ ,durhams are ! be/-kn[n beef bre$s4 ,:ile among ! dual purpose bre$s1 ,milk+ ,%or?orns1 ,r$ ,polls1 ,br[n ,swiss & ,devons h _m admir]s4 ,! indications :5 select+ dairy females1 & important 9 ! ord] giv51 are3 7#a7 ,mu* l5g? or dep? 9 ! b>rel or c\pl+1 indicat+ a l>ge possible consumption & utilization ( food4 7#b7 ,ref9em5t ( =m1 z evid5c$ m p>ticul>ly 9 ! head1 neck1 )]s1 ?ighs1 & limbs4 7#c7 ,good developm5t ( udd] & milk ve9s4 7#d7 ,con/itution1 z indicat$ by a capaci\s *e/1 mu* wid? ?r\gh ! he>t1 a broad lo91 a full1 cle> eye1 & an active c>riage4 7#e7 ,d[nw>d & yet outw>d spr+ & op5-spac$ ribs1 cov]$ ) a s(t1 pliable & ela/ic sk94 ,! ess5tial indications ( correct =m 9 beef cattle are3 7#a7 ,a compact =m wide & deep ?r\gh\t1 & b mod]ately long 9 ! c\pl+4 7#b7 ,a good back1 wide f neck to tail1 well fle%$1 & /raight4 7#c7 ,a good front qu>t]1 wide1 deep1 & full4 7#d7 ,a good h9d qu>t]1 long1 wide1 & deep4 7#e7 ,good h&l+ qualities1 z indicat$ 9 ela/ic fle% & pliant sk94 ,illu/ration3 ,,gu]nsey ,,c[ ,! important indications ( good =m 9 dual females are3 7#a7 ,m$ium to l>ge size = ! bre$ or grade4 7#b7 ,good l5g? & dep? 9 ! c\pl+4 7#c7 ,good developm5t ( udd] & milk ve9s4 7#d7 ,good con/itution1 z indicat$ by good wid? ?r\gh ! he>t4 7#e7 ,head & neck incl9+ to long & f9e4 7#f7 ,ribs ( m$ium spr+1 op5 spac$1 & cov]$ ) a good h&l+ sk94 ,! dual types h an abs5ce ( extreme developm5t 9 ! direction ( ei!r ! dairy or ! beef =m4 ,9 males select$ = bre$+1 ! evid5ces ( mascul9ity %\ld be m>k$ly pres5t4 ,^! include increas$ /r5g? z %[n 9 ! head1 neck1 brea/1 %\ld]s1 back & limbs4 ,! advantage ( hav+ pure blood /ock ov] scrubs is app>5t4 ,= ^?1 h[ev]1 :o want some?+ bett] ?an scrub/ock & _c pay ! high price :i* pure blood comm&s1 ! own]%ip ( grade cattle (f]s a satisfactory solution ( ! problem4 ,grad+ consi/s 9 mat+ ?or\ghbr$ sires ) common females & ) ! female prog5y = a numb] ( g5]ations4 ,:]e ! "w is wisely done by ! use ( good sires1 accompani$ by ! rejection ( all inf]ior animals = future bre$+1 ! prog5y ( beef sires may be br\ght up to ! level ( ! pure bre$ = beef mak+ f :i* ! sires h be5 select$ 9 f\r g5]ations4 ,to br+ milk+ qualities up to ! level may call = "o or two m g5]ations ( su* bre$+4 ,n only d ^! grade animals answ] almo/ equally well1 ) pure bre$s1 b !y may be b\ght = mu* less4 ,if c[s are to produce a maximum return 9 milk1 !y mu/ be kept 9 com=t4 ,9 w9t] !y are usually ti$ 9 ! /all4 ,! light %\ld be ample & ! v5tilation ?or\gh4 ,lack ( prop] v5tilation causes ! spread ( tub]culosis 9 cattle4 ,c[s mu/ be all[$ ex]cise1 ev5 9 w9t]4 ,!y %\ld be all[$ to g out daily = an h\r or m into a %elt]$ y>d1 save on days :5 ! wea!r is extreme2 or1 bett] /ill1 be giv5 ! lib]ty ( a clos$ & well-v5tilat$ %$ dur+ a portion ( ! day4 ,x %\ld be suppli$ ) a fodd] rack4 ,9 summ]1 c[s 9 milk mu/ be protect$ f /orms1 f excessive sun%9e1 & f flies1 z f> z ?is may be practicable4 ,pratts ,fly ,*as] is unequall$ z a fly repellant4 ,x is p]fectly safe to use1 does n injure or gum ! hair1 & is economical4 ,a light spray is bo? la/+ & effective4 ,c[s 9 milk %\ld be driv5 g5tly4 ,! pa/ure %\ld n be too di/ant f ! /able1 & driv+ dur+ ! heat ( ! day %\ld be avoid$4 ,! quality ( milk is easily injur$ by com+ 9 direct contact ) =eign sub/ances or by imbib+ odors4 ,! milk mu/ be drawn f clean udd]s1 ) clean h&s1 into clean pails1 & amid clean surr\nd+s4 ,! /ables mu/ h att5tion4 ,! udd] & teats %\ld be wip$ (f by us+ a damp clo?4 ,milk+ %\ld be done ) dry h&s into metal pails1 kept clean by scald+4 ,milk+ be=e fe$+ prev5ts du/ p>ticles f gett+ into ! milk4 ,noxi\s odors are kept d[n by ! prompt removal ( dropp+s & by /rew+ s&1 pla/]1 rock phosphate1 or dry e>? 9 ! manure gutt]s4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,eld]ton1 ,pa4 ,i h us$ ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y ) be/ results4 ,i fully believe x _c be surpass$ = increas+ ! fl[ ( milk4 ,,jas4 ,,"y4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,unless milk+ is done at /at$ times1 & by ! same p]son1 !re w be a loss 9 ! production4 ,:5 milk+ is delay$1 a decreas$ fl[ is noticeable ! foll[+ morn+4 ,:5 a *ange ( milk]s is made1 "s c[s res5t x by )hold+ a "p ( ! milk4 ,x is n easy to dry "s dairy c[s prior to ! bir? ( ! next calf1 & yet1 z a rule1 x ought to be done4 ,:5 !y are to be dri$ ! process %\ld beg9 by milk+ !m once a day & putt+ !m on dry food4 ,! food may also be r$uc$ some:at 9 quantity4 ,lat] ! milk is tak5 out at int]vals :i* con/antly increase 9 l5g? until ! c[ is dry4 ,! udd] %\ld be c>efully wat*$ dur+ ! lat] /ages ( ! dry+ process4 ,:]e suitable pa/ure may be obta9$1 x is usually a *eap] s\rce ( food = c[s ?an soil+ food or cur$ fodd]s1 z ! elem5t ( labor 9 giv+ ! food is l>gely elim9at$4 ,! be/ pa/ures1 view$ f ! /&po9t ( production1 are ^? gr[n on l&s t may be irrigat$ dur+ ! season ( gr[?4 ,^! consi/ ( clov] & c]ta9 grasses4 ,p]man5t pa/ures :i* are gr[n on moi/ l&1 & :i* conta9 a numb] ( grasses1 are usually satisfactory1 b ! nature ( ! pa/ure mu/1 ( c\rse1 be l>gely det]m9$ by ! att5dant conditions4 ,blue grass pa/ures are excell5t :ile succul5t & abundant1 b 9 midsumm] !y lose _! succul5ce = weeks 9 succession4 ,br\] grass is a favorite pa/ure 9 nor?we/]n areas1 & ,b]muda grass 9 ! ,s\?4 ,9 ! ,ea/]n & ,c5tral ,/ates1 ! mo/ suitable pa/ures are made up ( blue grass1 timo?y1 & or*>d grass1 & ( ! common r$1 :ite & alsike clov]s4 ,!re is m or less ( haz>d to c[s :5 graz+ on alfalfa--liability to bloat+1 :i* may result fatally4 ,likewise second gr[? sorghum or ! second gr[? ( ! non-sac*>9e sorghums is full ( haz>d1 especially 9 dry seasons :5 x has become /unt$ 9 gr[?4 ,nor %\ld rape & rye be graz$1 save = a %ort "t aft] ! c[s h be5 milk$1 le/ !y give a ta9t to ! milk4 ,! *ange f w9t] rations to graz+ %\ld nev] be sudd5ly made1 or purg+ caus$ by ! fre% grass w lead to loss 9 weight & loss ( milk1 ?\gh at fir/ !re w probably be an advance 9 ! same4 ,! *ange may be made 9 outl9e z foll[s3 7#a7 ,! c[s w n be turn$ out until aft] ! food giv5 9 ! morn+ has be5 suffici5tly consum$4 7#b7 ,!y w be kept out an h\r1 or two ! fir/ day1 & ! "t increas$4 7#c7 ,! "t call$ = to effect ! *ange %\ld nev] be less ?an "o week or m ?an ?ree4 7#d7 ,z soon z ! *ange beg9s1 ! r$uction 9 succul5t food1 ensilage1 & field roots %\ld also beg94 7#e7 ,! dry fodd] %\ld be cont9u$ morn+ & ev5+ z long z ! c[s w take x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ayr%ire ,,c[ 7#f7 ,!re %\ld be "s r$uction & x may be modification 9 ! gra9 = a %ort "t4 ,aft] turn+ out a full supply may be necess>y4 ,%\ld ! pa/ure be compos$ ma9ly ( grasses1 food ri* 9 prote91 z :eat bran1 %\ld be f$1 b if x is compos$ ma9ly ( clov]1 !n m c>bonace\s gra91 z corn1 %\ld be f$4 ,:5 pa/ure is succul5t & abundant1 x is a disput$ po9t z to :e!r x w pay to fe$ meal ( any k9d 9 addition4 ,! foll[+ conclusion 9 reg>d to ?is "q w\ld seem safe3 ,:5 c[s are f$ gra9 on pa/ures succul5t & abundant1 ! t5d5cy is to increase ! yield 9 ! milk & also to increase fle%4 ,! quality ( ! milk is n mat]ially influ5c$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,millsboro1 ,del4 ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y 0 f$ to ! c[ f ! receipt ( ,rem$y until ! calf 0 eight weeks old & ! calf weigh$ #bcd p\nds & 0 ackn[l$g$ unanim\sly to be ! nice/ calf t 0 ev] %ipp$ f ?is depot4 ,w4,r4 ,,atk9s4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,"s sav+ is effect$ 9 ! graz+1 & ! resultant f]tiliz] f ! gra9 f$ has a tangible value4 ,x is c]ta91 !re=e1 t full value w be obta9$ = a small gra9 ration ?us f$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,get ,,m ,,milk ,,money ,help y\r c[s1 e "o1 to give ! l>ge/ possible am\nt ( milk & to produce big1 /rong1 husky calves ea* season4 ,! extra p\nds ( milk1 ! extra value ( ! calves are all cle> pr(it4 ,illu/ration3 ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y ,x co/s z mu* to h\se & c>e = & ne>ly z mu* to fe$ a poor produc] z a good "o4 ,! fir/ may be kept at a loss4 ,! latt] is a sure pr(it-pay]4 ,! diff]5ce is g5]ally m]ely a matt] ( physical condition4 ,& ?is y c control4 ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y makes c[s heal?y & productive4 ,x is n a food--x is all m$ic9e1 prev5tive & curative4 ,x is absolutely safe to use because free f ars5ic1 antimony & o!r dang]\s +r$i5ts4 ,,pratts ,,c[ ,,rem$y is nature's able assi/ant4 ,x n only improves appetite & assi/s dige/ion1 increases milk yield & p]c5tage ( butt] fat1 b 9 l>ge measure prev5ts & ov]comes su* disord]s z b>r5ness & abortion1 g>get1 milk fev]1 sc\rs1 indige/ion1 liv] & kidney tr\bles4 ,! reason is pla9 :5 y "k ! +r$i5ts4 ,"h !y are--g5tian root1 ,epsom salts1 capsicum1 oxide ( iron1 f5ugreek1 nux vomica1 g+] root1 *>coal1 soda1 salt4 ,all ( sup]ior quality & prop]ly proportion$ & comb9$4 ,y may ?9k y\r c[s are do+ _! be/ :5 !y are n4 ,n[ f9d out4 ,secure a supply ( ! orig9al & g5u9e ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y4 ,use x & wat* results4 ,y w be a/oni%$ & delight$4 ,b if = any reason y are n-- ,,y\r ,,money ,,back ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,n ,,satisfi$ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s ,z soon z ! supply ( pa/ure becomes insuffici5t 9 quantity or lack+ 9 succul5ce1 x %\ld be supplem5t$ ) food cut & f$ 9 ! gre5 =m1 z w9t] rye1 oats & peas1 & oats & vet*es gr[n toge!r1 millet 9 sev]al v>ieties1 grasses1 p]5nial & ,italian rye1 especially ! latt]1 alfalfa1 ! m$ium r$1 ! mammo?1 alsike & crimson clov]s1 corn ( _m v>ieties1 & ! sorghums4 ,alfalfa1 :]e x c be freely gr[n1 is k+ among soil+ foods4 ,peas & oats gr[n toge!r are excell5t1 ! bulk be+ peas4 ,corn is m commonly us$1 & 9 "s sections sweet sorghum is giv5 an important place4 ,! aim %\ld be to gr[ soil+ foods t w be ready = fe$+ 9 t succession t w provide food ?r\gh all ! summ] & autumn4 ,soil+ furni%$ by gra9s1 grasses1 & clov]s are usually f$ 9 ! /ables or fe$ y>ds1 & corn & sorghum are usually /rewn ov] ! pa/ures1 z mu* z is ne$$ f day to day4 ,:]e mu* soil+ food is want$ f ye> to ye>1 x w\ld seem safe to say t x c be mo/ *eaply suppli$ 9 ! =m ( silage4 ,ev5 :5 grass is abundant1 c[s w eat ) avidity m or less ( ensilage well made4 ,!y %\ld n be f$ 9 w9t] m ?an #be p\nds p] animal p] day1 b ! quantity ne$$ is det]m9$ l>gely by ! condition ( ! pa/ures4 ,because ( ! less quantity ( ! silage call$ = 9 summ]1 ! silo t conta9s ! silage %\ld be ( less diamet] ?an ! silo t holds food = w9t] use1 o!rwise ! expos$ silage w dry out too mu* betwe5 ! times ( fe$+ x4 ,9 autumn soil+ foods may be f$ ) pr(it t are possess$ ( less succul5ce ?an w\ld suffice at an e>li] p]iod1 z 9 ! autumn ! pa/ures are usually m succul5t ?an 9 ! summ]4 ,corn may be f$ at su* a "t ) mu* advantage f ! %ock1 & sorghum t has be5 h>ve/$ may likewise be f$ f ! %ock or f ! cocks4 ,pumpk9s may be ?r[n into ! pa/ure & brok5 :5 f$4 ,view$ f ! /&po9t ( milk production1 ! legumes 7clov]1 c[ peas1 soy beans1 etc47 mu/ be assign$ fir/ rank4 ,aft] ^! come gra9 fodd]s1 corn & sorghum fodd]s1 & fodd]s f grasses1 suitable 9 ! ord] nam$4 ,l[e/ ( all is /raw furni%$ by ! small c]eals4 ,fodd]s :5 f$ are n re/rict$ 9 quantity z conc5trates are4 ,among legumes1 hay furni%$ by alfalfa1 any ( ! clov]s1 c[ peas1 soy beans & vet*es1 is excell5t = produc+ milk :5 ^! are cut at ! prop] /age & prop]ly cur$4 ,alfalfa %\ld be cut = su* fe$+ :5 only a small p] c5t4 ( blooms h be5 =m$1 clov]s :5 9 full bloom1 & c[ peas1 soy beans1 & vet*es :5 ! fir/ =w>d pods are fill+4 ,prop] cur+ means by ! aid ( w9d /irr+ ?r\gh ! mass r ?an sun blea*+ x4 ,:5 good legum9\s fodd]s are f$1 f #cc to #ej p] c5t4 less gra9 w suffice ?an w\ld be call$ = :5 non-legum9\s fodd]s only are f$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,:5 two vet]9>ians _h giv5 up a c[ to die1 ,i gave h] ,pratts ,animal ,regulator ) ! result t %e 0 on h] fe$ 9 ab\t a week4 ,i am a con/ant us] ( ,pratt ,products4 ,j4,d4 ,,watson4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,fodd] may usually be *eaply furni%$ f corn & sorghum1 :5 gr[n s t ! /alks are f9e & leafy1 & if cut :5 ne>+ complet$ maturity & well cur$4 ,su* food is excell5t = milk production :5 f$ ) suitable adjuncts1 ev5 ?\gh ! fodd] is gr[n s ?ickly t nubb9s d n =m4 ,! aim %\ld be to fe$ ! sorghums 9 ! autumn & e>ly w9t] & ! corn s t x may be supplem5t$ by o!r hay :5 ! w9t] is pa/1 z lat] ?an ! "t specifi$ ^! foods det]iorate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,j]sey ,,c[ ,rye & :eat /raw are ( little use 9 mak+ milk1 oat /raw is bett]1 & good bright pea /raw is /ill m valuable4 ,:5 fodd] is sc>ce1 ^! may be f$ to advantage if run ?r\gh a cutt+ box & mix$ ) cut hay4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,?oma/on1 ,ga4 ,s9ce ,i />t$ fe$+ h] ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y1 my c[ has %[n an increase 9 h] daily fl[ ( milk ( ov] "o gallon & is n[ 9 bett] condition ?an %e has ev] be54 ,i give all ! cr$it = ?is rem>kable improvem5t to ,pratts ,c[ rem$y4 ,o4,w4 ,,jones4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,! necessity = fe$+ succul5t food 9 "s =m :]e maximum milk yields are to be atta9$ has come to be recogniz$ by all dairy-m54 ,! plants t furni% succul5ce 9 w9t] are corn 9 all its v>ieties1 field roots ( c]ta9 k9ds1 & ! sorghums4 ,corn & sorghum to furni% ! necess>y succul5ce mu/ be ensil$4 ,corn ensilage is )\t a rival 9 provid+ w9t] succul5ce = c[s4 ,field roots furni% succul5ce t1 p\nd = p\nd1 is m valuable ?an corn1 because ( ! m favorable influ5ce :i* x ex]ts on ! dige/ion4 ,b roots co/ m to gr[ ?an corn4 ,rutabagas & turnips w give ! milk an (f5sive ta9t if f$ freely at any o!r "t ?an j aft] ! milk has be5 )drawn1 b t is n true ( mangel wurtzel1 sug> beets1 or c>rots4 ,! necessity = giv+ gra9 fe$ conta9+ high p]c5tage ( dige/ible matt] 7kn[n z conc5trates7 to dairy c[s is bas$ on ! inability ( ! c[ to consume & dige/ en\gh co>se fodd]s to result 9 maximum production1 ev5 ?\gh ! fodd]s %\ld be 9 balance z to _! con/itu5ts4 ,conc5trates are pur*as$ or home gr[n4 ,x matt]s n f :i* s\rce !y are obta9$1 b ! values ( ^? pur*as$ are becom+ s high z to =ce ^u dairy-m5 ! necessity ( gr[+ !m at home z f> z ?is may be practicable1 & ( insur+ s\nd dige/ion by giv+ "s su* tonic & appetiz] z ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y4 ,?is spl5did prescription %\ld be kept on h& ! ye> r\nd1 & %\ld be giv5 ) e fe$+1 especially 9 w9t]4 ,its value 9 keep+ up milk production & = ma9ta9+ heal? is unequall$4 ,! me?od ( furni%+ conc5trates by gr[+ c]ta9 ( ! small gra9s 9 comb9ation is gr[+ 9 favor4 ,^! comb9ations may include :eat1 b>ley1 outs1 peas1 & flax4 ,frequ5tly b two v>ieties are gr[n toge!r4 ,!y are gr[n ?us1 9 ! fir/ place1 to secure bett] yields1 &1 9 ! second1 to furni% conc5trates 9 approximate balance4 ,su* a food1 = in/ance1 is obta9$ f gr[+ :eat & oats toge!r1 & if "s flax is gr[n 9 ! mixture x w be fur!r improv$4 ,:5 *oos+ conc5trates = fe$+ c[s1 ! aim %\ld be to select !m s t :5 f$ along ) ! r\ghage on h&1 !y w be 9 approximate balance1 t is1 ! elem5ts 9 !m w be/ meet ! ne$s ( ! c[s4 ,if a fle% & milk-mak+ food1 l clov]1 is ! s\rce ( ! fodd]1 !n a fat & heat-produc+ food1 l corn1 %\ld furni% a l>ge proportion ( ! gra9 f$4 ,b x is n m pr(itable 9 all in/ances to fe$ foods 9 exact balance4 ,"s ( ! factors may be s high pric$ & o!rs s *eap t x w pay bett] to fe$ !m m or less out ( balance4 ,:5 good clov] hay or alfalfa is be+ f$ to c[s 9 milk1 any "o ( ! foll[+ gra9 supplem5ts w give satisfactory results4 7#a7 ,corn meal & :eat bran1 equal p>ts by weight4 7#b7 ,corn meal1 :eat bran1 & gr\nd oats 9 ! proportions ( #b1 #a1 & #a p>ts4 7#c7 ,corn meal1 :eat bran1 & cottonse$ meal 9 ! proportion ( #b1 #a1 & #a p>ts4 ,:e!r corn meal or corn & cob meals is f$ is n v mat]ial4 ,b>ley meal may be f$ in/ead ( corn4 ,%\ld corn ensilage be f$ to ! ext5t (1 say1 #dj p\nds p] day along ) clov] or alfalfa1 any "o ( ! foll[+ gra9 supplem5ts %\ld suffice3 7#a7 ,corn or b>ley meal1 :eat bran1 & gr\nd oats1 f$ 9 equal p>ts by weight4 7#b7 ,corn or b>ley meal & :eat bran1 f$ 9 ! proportions ( #a & #b p>ts4 7#c7 ,corn or b>ley meal1 cottonse$ meal1 & :eat or rice bran1 f$ 9 equal proportions4 7#d7 ,gr\nd peas & oats1 also f$ 9 equal proportions4 ,! succota% mixture may be f$ alone or 9 conjunction ) o!r meal add$ to make ! food /ill m 9 balance4 ,x is pref]able to fe$ meal admix$ ) cut fodd]s4 ,! ma/ication t foll[s w !n be m ?or\gh & ! dige/ion m complete4 ,:5 ensilage is f$1 admixture w result suffici5tly if ! meal is ?r[n ov] ! ensilage :]e x has be5 put into ! mang]s4 ,9 ord] to insure ! animal obta9+ full b5efit ( all its fe$1 x w be f\nd highly pr(itable to include ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y ) ! daily ration4 ,x acts z a dige/ive & at ! same "t insures a heal?y & natural action ( ! b[els4 ,bulls %\ld be f$ & manag$ ) a view to secure good1 l>ge & robu/ physical developm5t & ! ret5tion ( begett+ p[]s unimpair$ to a good old age4 ,! aim %\ld be to avoid ty+ bulls 9 ! /all cont9u\sly = any prolong$ p]iod1 b to give !m opportunity to take ex]cise 9 box /alls1 paddocks1 & pa/ures to ! greate/ ext5t t may be practicable4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,jacksonville1 ,fla4 ,h us$ ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y ) good success z a g5]al tonic & = increas+ milk4 ,omitt+ x at int]vals z a te/ %[$ a fall+ (f ( ab\t a p9t = ea* c[1 :i* 0 always made up :5 ! rem$y 0 add$4 ,t4,c4 ,,john/on4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,a r+ %\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! nose :5 n yet "o ye> old4 ,r+s mo/ commonly us$ are two & "o-half to ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,:5 ins]t+ !m ! head ( ! animal %\ld be drawn tightly up to a po/ or o!r firm objects1 s t ! muzzle po9ts upw>d at a suitable angle4 ,a hole is !n made ) a suitable implem5t ?r\gh ! c>tilage betwe5 ! nasal passages1 & =w>d r ?an backw>d 9 ! c>tilage4 ,! r+ is !n ins]t$1 ! two p>ts are br\ght toge!r aga91 & !y are held 9 place by a small screw4 ,:5 r+$1 a /rap or rope ) a spr+ atta*$ w suffice = a "t :5 lead+ !m1 b lat] !y %\ld be l$ ) a lead1 :i* is a /rong1 t\gh circul> piece ( wood1 f\r to five feet long1 ) a snap atta*$ to "o end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,sell ,,! ,,milk ,,b ,,gr[ ,,! ,,calves ,:ole milk is too valuable to use z calf fe$1 ev5 if calves--bo? veals & ^? kept = dairy purposes--are sell+ at su* high prices4 ,sell ! milk1 get all ! ca% out ( x1 b gr[ ! calves j ! same4 ,m]ely fe$ ! p]fect milk sub/itute-- ,,pratts ,,calf ,,meal ,,baby ,,food ,,= ,,baby ,,calves ,:5 prep>$ & f$ 9 accordance ) ! simple directions1 ,pratts ,calf ,meal w gr[ calves equal to ^? gr[n on :ole or skim-milk & at less co/4 ,?is truly wond]ful calf fe$ has practically ! same *emical composition z ! solids ( :ole milk4 ,x is made ( sup]ior mat]ials1 c>efully select$ & especially adapt$ to calf fe$+4 ,^! are mill$ sep>ately & bolt$ to remove hulls & co>se p>ticles1 :i* insures p]fect dige/ion4 ,f9ally1 ! mixture is ?or\ghly /eam-cook$1 9 a s5se pre-dige/$4 ,calves f$ ,pratts way ?rive & gr[ rapidly & are n subject to sc\rs & o!r calf disord]s4 ,j make a te/4 ,fe$ "s calves y\r way & "s ,pratts way4 ,let y\r eye & ! scales tell ! /ory4 ,le>n h[ easy x is to gr[ ! be/ ( calves at less co/4 ,,y\r ,,money ,,back ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,n ,,satisfi$ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,illu/ration3 ,,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s ,avoid us+ 9 s]vice bulls "u "o ye>4 ,dur+ ! "o-ye> =m !y %\ld n be all[$ to s]ve m ?an a score ( c[s2 aft] !y h rea*$ ! age ( #bd to #cj mon?s !y may be us$ ) mu* fre$om 9 s]vice until ! vital =ces beg9 to weak5 ) age4 ,:5 prop]ly manag$1 wan+ %\ld n beg9 be=e ! age ( #g or #h ye>s4 ,x has be5 f\nd t ! bull's s]vice c be made m sure by ! use ( ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y1 because ( its mild & safe tonic prop]ties4 ,bulls %\ld he able to s]ve f #ge to #cjj c[s a ye> )\t injury :5 ! times ( s]vice spread ov] mu* ( ! ye>4 ,calves re>$ to be made into meat at a lat] p]iod are v frequ5tly all[$ to nurse f _! dams4 ,?is %\ld nev] be done 9 ! dairy4 ,su* a me?od ( rais+ !m is adv]se to maximum milk giv+1 z ! calves :5 "y _c take all ! milk ! c[s are capable ( giv+2 h5ce ! /imulus is abs5t t w\ld lead h] to give m4 ,at no "t 9 ! life ( a dairy c[ %\ld %e be all[$ to suckle h] calf long] ?an ! ?ird day ( its exi/5ce4 ,9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 especially :]e :ole milk is sold = consumption 9 ! cities1 dairy-m5 frequ5tly kill calves at bir? because ( lack ( milk = fe$+ !m4 ,?is practice is wrong & unnecess>y4 ,all /rong calves %\ld be gr[n1 ei!r = milk+ animals or veal4 ,& ?is c n[ be done1 easily & *eaply1 by fe$+ ,pratts ,calf ,meal1 ! p]fect milk sub/itute1 ! gu>ante$ baby food = baby calves4 ,:5 ?is sci5tific food is us$1 calves ( really sup]ior quality1 big1 /urdy1 vigor\s1 are gr[n practically )\t milk4 ,pratts ,calf ,meal mu/ n be confus$ ) co>se mixtures ( mill by-products sometimes sold z calf meal or calf food4 ,pratts is z c>efully made z ! baby foods :i* are s widely us$ = *ildr54 ,x appeals to ! calf's appetite1 is easily & quickly dige/$1 produces rapid gr[? & ev5 developm5t4 ,x does n cause sc\rs & o!r dige/ive tr\bles4 ,& x is easy to prep>e & fe$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ort ,,horn ,,c[ ,9 *emical composition1 ,pratts ,calf ,meal is practically id5tical ) ! solids ( :ole milk4 ,x is made exclusively ( mat]ials especially suit$ to calf fe$+ & ^! are always ( ! highe/ quality obta9able4 ,?is is "o secret ( ! great success ( ?is truly rem>kable fe$4 ,! v>i\s mat]ials are gr\nd v f9e1 mill$ sep>ately1 & are !n bolt$ to remove any co>se p>ticles4 ,!y are !n comb9$ 9 exact proportions & ?or\ghly mix$4 ,f9ally1 ! mixture is /eam-cook$1 :i* makes ! fe$ easy to dige/ & assimilate4 ,?is exp5sive1 b mo/ necess>y process1 prev5ts indige/ion & b[el tr\bles :i* accompany ! use ( unbolt$1 uncook$ meals4 ,:]e milk is available = calf fe$+ ! foll[+ plan may be us$3 ,! "y calf %\ld take milk f its dam =1 say1 ?ree days4 ,dur+ t p]iod ! milk is only fit = fe$+ purposes4 ,x is v important t ! calf %all be />t$ "r1 & 9 no way c ?is be done s well z by ,nature's me?od1 t is1 by all[+ x to take milk f ! dam at w4 ,at ! end ( t "t x %\ld be taught to dr9k4 ,?is c usually be accompli%$ )\t difficulty by all[+ ! calf to become hungry be=e its fir/ lesson 9 dr9k+4 ,x %\ld be giv5 all :ole milk1 = say1 two weeks4 ,?is giv5 9 ?ree fe$s p] day1 & n m 9 quantity1 z a rule1 ?an two qu>ts at a fe$4 ,! *ange f :ole to skim-milk %\ld be made gradually4 ,a small am\nt ( skim-milk %\ld be add$ to ! :ole milk ! fir/ day1 & a correspond+ am\nt ( :ole milk )held4 ,! am\nt ( skim-milk increas$ f day to day1 & ! :ole milk f$ decreas$ correspond+ly4 ,! "t cov]$ 9 mak+ ! *ange f all :ole to all skim-milk %\ld be f "o to two weeks4 ,any skim-milk t is sweet w answ]1 b x %\ld n be f$ to "y calves at a l[] temp]ature ?an ab\t #ih degrees 9 w9t]4 ,milk obta9$ by cream sep>ators1 soon aft] drawn f ! c[1 is p>ticul>ly suitable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hol/e9 ,,c[ ,z soon z ! *ange f :ole to skim-milk is begun1 "s sub/itute %\ld be add$ to replace ! fat )held by r$uc+ ! am\nt ( :ole milk f$4 ,gr\nd flax or oil-meal is ! be/4 ,x is g5]ally f$ 9 ! latt] =m4 ,9 "s in/ances ! oil-meal is put directly into ! milk beg9n+ ) a heap+ teaspoonful & gradually increas+ ! quantity4 ,a too lax condition ( ! dige/ion w\ld indicate t an excessive am\nt 0 be+ f$4 ,lat] ! meal may be m conv5i5tly f$ :5 mix$ ) o!r meal4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,riv]dale1 ,md4 ,v mu* pleas$ ) results ( ,pratts ,animal ,regulator dur+ ! pres5t p]iod ( my c[s bre$+4 ,an extraord9>y /rong calf & ! "m 9 f9e condition4 ,,wm4 ,c4 ,,gray4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,z soon z ! calves w eat meal x %\ld be giv5 to !m4 ,no meal is m suitable at ! fir/ ?an gr\nd oats & :eat bran4 ,a little lat] :ole oats w answ] q well4 ,to calves gr[n = dairy uses !y may =m ! sole gra9 food4 ,if ! calves are to be gr[n = beef1 "s m fatt5+ food1 z gr\nd corn1 or gr\nd b>ley1 %\ld be add$ to ! meal4 ,= su* calves1 equal p>ts ( bran1 oats :ole or gr\nd1 & gr\nd corn1 b>ley1 rye1 or speltz are excell5t4 ,until ?ree mon?s old !y may be all[$ to take all ! gra9 t !y w eat4 ,lat] x may be necess>y to re/rict ! quantity f$4 ,calves = ! dairy mu/ be kept 9 a good gr[+ condition1 b )\t an excess ( fat4 ,! meal %\ld be kept 9 a box at all times accessible to ! calves & %\ld be frequ5tly r5ew$4 ,gra9 fe$+ may cease :5 ! calves are put ^u pa/ure4 ,z soon z ! calves w eat fodd] x %\ld be giv5 to !m4 ,fodd] gives ! necess>y di/5tion to ! dige/ive organs1 :i* makes ! animals capable ( tak+ a suffici5t quantity ( food to result 9 high production4 ,alfalfa1 clov]-hay1 & pea & oat hay are excell5t1 provid$ !y are ( f9e gr[? & cut be=e !y are too advanc$ 9 gr[?4 ,if field roots c be add$ to ! fodd] ! result 9 developm5t & good dige/ion w be excell5t4 ,any k9d ( field roots are good1 b mangels1 sug> beets1 & rutabagas are ! mo/ suitable because ( _! good keep+ qualities4 ,!y %\ld be f$ slic$1 pref]ably ) a root slic]1 & ! calves may be giv5 all t !y w eat )\t h>m result+4 ,! duration ( ! milk p]iod m commonly cov]s ?ree to f\r mon?s ) calves t are h& f$1 b x may be ext5d$ indef9itely provid+ skim-milk may be sp>$ = su* a use4 ,su* fe$+ is co/ly4 ,calves re>$ on _! dams are seldom all[$ milk = m ?an six or sev5 mon?s1 save :5 !y are re>$ = %[ purposes4 7#a7 ,! am\nt %\ld be det]m9$ by ! obs]v$ capacity ( ! calf to take milk & by ! relative co/ ( ! skim-milk & ! adjuncts f$ along ) x4 7#b7 ,dur+ ! fir/ weeks until x beg9s to eat o!r food freely1 x %\ld be giv5 all ! milk t x w take )\t di/urb+ ! dige/ion4 7#c7 ,usually x w\ld be safe to beg9 ) six p\nds ( milk p] day1 giv+ eight p\nds at ! end ( ! fir/ week1 & to add "o p\nd ea* week subsequ5tly until ! age ( #aj to #ab weeks4 ,any excess ( milk giv5 at "o "t usually di/urbs ! dige/ion & is foll[$ by too lax a condition ( ! b[els4 ,:5 milk has be5 ! *ief food1 & ! wean+ is sudd51 usually gr[? w be m or less arre/$4 ,:5 su/a9$ l>gely on o!r foods1 ! *ange may be made )\t any *eck to ! gr[?1 ev5 9 ! case ( calves t suck _! dams4 ,:5 h& rais$1 ! quantity ( milk is gradually r$uc$ until none is giv54 ,9 ! case ( suck+ calves !y %\ld be all[$ to take milk once a day = a "t be=e be+ %ut entirely away f ! dams4 ,! supplem5t>y food %\ld be /r5g!n$ z ! milk is )held4 ,calves %\ld h con/ant access to good wat]1 ev5 dur+ ! milk p]iod1 & also to salt4 ,:]e _m are f$ simultane\sly1 ! milk %\ld be giv5 9 pails kept scrupul\sly clean4 ,! pails %\ld be set 9 a mang]1 b n until ! calves h be5 secur$ by ! neck 9 suitable /an*ions4 ,z soon z !y h tak5 ! milk1 a little meal %\ld be ?r[n into ea* pail4 ,eat+ ! dry meal takes away ! desire to suck "o ano!r4 ,calves ( ! dairy1 dual purpose1 & beef bre$s may be re>$ by h& along ! same l9es1 b ) ! foll[+ po9ts ( diff]5ce3 7#a7 ,! dual types want to c>ry m fle% ?an ! dairy types1 & ! beef types m ?an ei!r4 7#b7 ,to secure ?is end1 m & ri*] milk mu/ be giv5 to calves ( ! beef type1 especially dur+ ! fir/ weeks ( gr[?4 ,=c+ calves ( ! beef type w\ld be aga9/ ! highe/ developm5t atta9able4 ,until ! milk+ p]iod is rea*$1 ! food & g5]al treatm5t = ! ?ree classes is ! same4 ,!y %\ld be 9 fair fle% until !y beg9 to furni% milk4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,co%octon1 ,ohio4 ,) good c>e & ,pratts ,animal ,regulator 7:i* ,i h us$ = two ye>s7 ?is ,j]sey calf grew l a we$4 ,i c prove :at x has done = my c[ & calves4 ,,mrs4 ,,ell5 ,,butz4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,:5 calves come 9 ! autumn1 ! heif]s ent] ! fir/ w9t] /rong & vigor\s4 ,!y %\ld be s f$ t gr[? w be cont9u\s "r ?r\gh ! w9t]1 b on *eap foods4 ,x is diff]5t ) animals = ! block1 :i* %\ld h gra9 e w9t] until sold1 :5 re>$ on ! arable f>m1 unless roots are freely f$1 :5 !y may be c>ri$ ?r\gh ! w9t] 9 f9e =m on /raw & corn/alks1 fe$+ "s hay t[>d spr+4 ,!y may be f$ 9 an op5 or a clos$ %$1 & )\t be+ ti$ :5 dehorn$ z !y ought to be :5 n purely br$4 ,x is a good "t to dehorn !m :5 ab\t "o ye> old1 z !y w be m peaceful subsequ5tly ?an if ! horns _h nev] be5 all[$ to gr[4 ,! b$d+ %\ld be pl5tiful & !y %\ld h free access to wat] & salt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]e=d ,,bull ,to c>ry gr[+ animals ?r\gh ! w9t] s t !y make no increase & 9 "s in/ances lose weight1 to be made up ! foll[+ summ]1 is %ort-sight$ policy & wa/eful ( food4 ,if a /unt$ condition is all[$ at any "t1 increase is n only ret>d$1 b ! capacity = future increase is also less5$4 ,! pa/ures = heif]s %\ld be abundant1 or supplem5t$ by soil+ food :]e !y are %ort4 ,?is is specially necess>y because ! heif]s w !n be pregnant1 & because ( ! burd5 ?us put ^u !m 9 addition to t ( gr[?1 c]ta9 evils w foll[4 ,9 "s in/ances calves are gr[n on :ole milk & adjuncts1 & are sold at ! age ( #f to #i mon?s4 ,?is is practicable :5 two or ?ree calves are re>$ on "o c[4 ,! meal adjuncts to accompany su* fe$+ may consi/ ( gr\nd corn1 oats1 bran1 & oil meal1 f$ 9 ! proportions (1 say #d1 #b1 #a1 & #a p>ts by weight4 ,9 "s in/ances !y are kept two or ?ree mon?s long]1 & :5 sold su* calves well fatt5$ br+ high prices4 ,! gr[+ ( baby beef is com+ into mu* favor4 ,baby beef means beef put ^u ! m>ket :5 x c no long] be call$ veal & :5 consid]ably %ort ( maturity1 usually "u ! age ( #bd mon?s4 ,to gr[ su* beef prop]ly animals mu/ be giv5 a good heal?y />t1 gr[? mu/ n be int]rupt$ & mu/ be reasonably rapid1 & ! condition ( fle% 9 :i* !y are kept mu/ be high] ?an = bre$+ uses4 ,! process is 9 a s5se a =c+ "o ?r\gh fe$+ ( relatively l>ge am\nts ( gra94 ,?\gh kept 9 good fle% all ! :ile1 ! highe/ condition ( fle% %\ld be s\ght dur+ ! latt] /ages ( fe$+4 ,:5 /all fe$+ beg9s1 cattle are l$ up gradually dur+ prelim9>y fe$+ to full fe$+4 ,full fe$+ means consumption ( all gra9 & o!r food ! animal c take )\t injur+ dige/ion4 ,a lean animal _c be fatt5$ quickly4 ,be=e rapid deposits ( fat c occur ! lean animal mu/ be br\ght into a well-n\ri%$ condition4 ,prelim9>y fe$+ %\ld cov] a p]iod ( f\r to eight weeks 9 ord9>y fatt5+4 ,:5 cattle are to be f9i%$ on grass1 !y are usually f$ a mod]ate am\nt ( gra9 daily ! previ\s w9t]4 ,! am\nt w be influ5c$ by ! "* ( ! fodd]s & by ! season :5 ! cattle are to be sold4 ,usually x is n less ?an ?ree p\nds p] animal1 daily1 nor m ?an six p\nds4 ,/e]s w fatt5 9 mu* %ort] "t :5 ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y is us$4 ,x causes !m to quickly put on solid fle%1 due to its action on ! blood1 b[els1 & dige/ive organs4 ,,common ,,diseases ,,( ,,cattle ,! c[ is g5]ally heal?y & if f$1 /abl$ & c>$ = prop]ly %e w seldom be ill4 ,:5 a c[ is sick1 provide clean1 com=table qu>t]s1 ) pl5ty ( b$d+ & let h] lie d[n4 ,if wea!r is cold1 cov] h] ) a blanket4 ,a heal?y c[ has a good appetite1 ! muzzle is moi/1 ! eye bright1 coat is smoo?1 ! horns are w>m1 brea?+ is regul>1 ! milk is giv5 9 good quantities & ! process ( rum9ation is con/ant soon aft] eat+4 ,! sick c[ has m or less fev]1 ! muzzle is dry & hot1 ! brea?+ is rapid1 no appetite1 an increase 9 ! pulse1 dull eye1 r\gh coat1 a susp5sion ( rum9ation1 & ! c[ w /& alone ) head d[n4 ,usually all t is ne$$ is ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y ) bran ma%es & good dige/ible fe$4 ,give pure1 clean wat]1 & c>eful att5tion4 ,prev5t+ ,milk ,fev] ,_m excell5t c[s h be5 lo/ ?r\gh milk fev] )9 a day or two ( ! bir? ( ! calf4 ,! prev5tive measures include3 7#a7 ,r$uc+ ! quantity ( ! food f$4 7#b7 ,fe$+ food t is n unduly succul5t1 le/ ! milk fl[ %\ld be ov]/imulat$4 7#c7 ,giv+ a mild purgative a day or two be=e ! calf is born1 or )9 a few h\rs aft] its bir?4 ,! purgative mo/ commonly us$ is ,epsom salts1 & ! dose is ?ree-qu>t]s ( a p\nd to "o p\nd4 7#d7 ,remov+ only a small portion ( ! milk at a "t = ! fir/ two or ?ree days4 ,only mod]ate am\nts ( food are necess>y until ! dang] ( milk fev] is pa/4 ,:]e ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y has be5 giv51 !re is little1 if any1 dang] ( milk fev]4 ,! value ( ?is spl5did prescription dur+ ! calv+ season has be5 te/$ "t & "t aga94 ,abortion ,a g]m disease highly contagi\s & "o ( ! mo/ injuri\s ( ^? :i* affect dairy cattle4 ,! money-mak+ value ( a h]d 9 :i* ! g]ms ( contagi\s abortion are p]mitt$ to exi/ w be completely de/roy$4 ,a c[ :i* has once abort$ w d s aga9 unless c>efully treat$4 ,s contagi\s is ! disease t ! g]ms introduc$ into a p]fectly heal?y c[ w cause h] to abort1 & x is no uncommon ?+ = ! infection to spread ?r\gh an entire h]d 9 a s+le season4 ,! h]d bull readily becomes a s\rce ( h]d infection1 & s]vice f a bull1 :]e !re are abort+ c[s %\ld be refus$4 ,cause4--,by infection1 ! h]d+ toge!r ( a l>ge numb] ( c[s1 high fe$+1 smutty corn & ergotty pa/ures4 ,9 a small numb] ( c[s abortion may result f accid5tal injuries4 ,su* cases are pure accid5ts & are n to be consid]$ along ) contagi\s abortion4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,brad=d1 ,ohio4 ,abortion _h got a hold on my h]d & ,i 0 expect+ to h to dispose ( !m1 :5 ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y came to my rescue4 ,calves are all com+ n[ at ! "r "t4 ,,b5j4 ,,loxley1 ,,jr4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,treatm5t4--,z 9 all contagi\s diseases1 treatm5t %\ld be giv5 ! infect$ animals & sanit>y measures ) treatm5t %\ld be adopt$ to prev5t its spread to heal?y c[s4 ,= increas+ ! disease resi/ance ( c[s z well z = build+ up ! vitality ( infect$ & suspect$ animals1 ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y is mo/ effective4 ,x is a true rem$y & tonic1 :i* re/ores to heal? & upbuilds ! c['s con/itution4 ,x is all m$ic9e1 free f h>mful +r$i5ts or m9]al poisons4 ,give "o level tablespoonful ( ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y ?ree times a day to ea* c[1 ei!r ) ! gra9 or sep>ately4 ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y %\ld be giv5 be=e & aft] s]vice1 & :5 ,contagi\s ,abortion is only suspect$1 %\ld be cont9u$ dur+ ! p]iod :5 ! c[ is 9 calf4 ,an excell5t prev5tive practice is to d\*e ! vag9a ( all pregnant c[s & to wa% ! tails & h9d qu>t]s ( ! entire h]d ) "o "p ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant to #ajj p>ts w>m wat]4 ,z a c]ta9 numb] ( ! c[s w h>bor ! g]m 9 ! womb :5 treatm5t is />t$1 x is n to be expect$ t abortion w cease at once1 b by keep+ up ! treatm5t ! tr\ble w probably disappe> ! foll[+ ye>4 ,:5 ! small co/ ( ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y & ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant & _! wond]ful effectiv5ess 9 ridd+ ! c[ ( ! disease are consid]$1 !re is no "q b t x ought always to be giv5 to all c[s to keep !m well4 ,to prev5t ! spread ( ,contagi\s ,abortion1 ! entire premises %\ld be dis9fect$ regul>ly ) ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,com=t ,,= ,,c[ ,,& ,,milk] ,milk+ is a twice-a-day job4 ,& if ! c[ has a sore1 fev]i% & inflam$ udd]1 cut1 crack$ or sore teats1 milk+ "t is mo/ uncom=table = bo? ! c[ & ! "o :o does ! milk+4 ,:5ev] a c[ gives any indication ( t5d]ness or sor5ess ( udd] or teats1 apply ,,pratts ,,bag ,,o9tm5t & spe$y improvem5t w foll[4 ,x quickly p5etrates to ! seat ( ! tr\ble1 s(t5s & soo!s ! fev]i% p>ts1 & heals up ! sores4 ,use x = cak$ bags1 or g>get1 = cuts1 cracks1 scrat*es or sores on udd] or teats4 ,x works wond]s4 ,bett] keep a package on h& = quick use4 ,,y\r ,,money ,,back ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,n ,,satisfi$ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,reta9$ ,aft]-,bir? ,causes4--,! c[1 ! mo/ ( all our dome/ic animals1 is especially subject to ?is accid5t4 ,x is mo/ likely to occur aft] abortion4 ,aga91 9 l[ conditions ( heal? & an imp]fect p[] ( contraction1 we h causes = ret5tion4 ,! condition is common :5 ! c[ is giv5 food insuffici5t 9 quantity or 9 nutrim5t4 ,treatm5t4--,blanket ! c[ 9 a w>m /able1 & ?ree times a day give hot dr9ks & hot ma%es ( :eat bran to :i* two tablespoonfuls ( ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y h be5 add$4 ,:5 ! aft]-bir? comes away1 cont9ue treatm5t giv+ "o tablespoonful ( ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y until full recov]y4 ,! vag9a & womb %\ld be syr+$ ) a solution ( "o ounce ( ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant to a gallon ( w>m wat]4 ,repeat daily until all dis*>ge has disappe>$4 ,prev5tion4--,if ! c[ has be5 giv5 ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y dur+ pregnancy or f two to f\r weeks be=e calv+1 !re w be v few cases ( ?is tr\ble4 ,b>r5ness & ,/]ility ,:5 a c[ p]si/5tly fails to bre$ & be> "y1 %e is said to be b>r54 ,t a b>r5 c[ _c be a pr(it mak]1 goes )\t say+4 ,causes4--,b>r5ness 9 _m cases is due to mal=mation ( ! g5]ative organs1 tumors or o!r diseas$ conditions4 ,v frequ5tly x is a result ( ,contagi\s ,abortion1 & ?is %\ld always be suspect$4 ,c[s br$ at too e>ly an age frequ5tly produce calves :i* prove to be b>r51 due to con/itutional weakness4 ,treatm5t4--,! true prev5tive ( su* conditions is to be f\nd 9 s\nd hygi5e4 ,use ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant freely ab\t ! premises4 ,! bre$+ animal %\ld be ( adult age nei!r ov]f$ nor und]f$1 b well f$ & mod]ately ex]cis$4 ,9 pro( ( ! b5eficial results ( ex]cise1 x is ( record t a c[ pron\nc$ b>r51 :5 driv5 to a new own]1 liv+ sev]al miles di/ant1 became f]tile & = ye>s !reaft] produc$ heal?y calves4 ,vigor\s heal? mu/ be s\ght1 n only t a /rong race may be propagat$ b t ! c[ may bre$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,= ton+ up ! g5]ative organs1 s t !y c p]=m _! natural functions1 ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y is safe & positive4 ,! usual dose is a level tablespoonful twice a day 9 ! fe$4 ,?us = less ?an a c5t a day1 y c make sure ( ! c[ enjoy+ heal? & be+ productive4 ,aph?a1 ,sores on ! ,lips & ,tongue ,symptoms4--,pa9ful bli/]s :i* become sores on ! lips & tongue4 ,occurs (t5 9 suck+ calves4 ,treatm5t4--,wa% ! m\? twice a day ) "o ounce ( borax & "o fluid ounce ( myrrh mix$ 9 "o qu>t ( wat] or a mild solution ( ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant4 ,give ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y daily4 ,if ! m\? is v sore give ! rem$ies 9 gruel =m4 ,fe$ animal on regul> gruel fe$4 ,if x occurs 9 calves1 give ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y ) milk & use borax z m5tion$ above4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,pittsfield1 ,ill4 ,am us+ ,pratts ,bag ,o9tm5t on "y heif] ) a v sore bag & %e is do+ f9e4 ,i w\ld n d )\t x4 ,f4,e4 ,,/orck4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,bloat ,symptoms4--,:ile eat+1 or %ortly aft]w>d1 a swell+ appe>s on ! left side1 & z ! swell+ increases ! animal appe>s to be 9 great di/ress1 pants1 /rikes belly ) its h9d feet1 ! bel*+ ( gas is notic$ & ! animal does n *ew its cud4 ,lat] ! brea?+ becomes difficult1 ! animal moans1 its back is ar*$1 eyes protrude1 ! tongue hangs out & saliva runs f ! m\?4 ,cause4--,eat+ damp grass1 succul5t grass ( e>ly spr+ & second crop clov] 9 autumn :5 wet ) dew or ra94 ,also caus$ by a *ange ( food or ov] fill+ ! paun* ( animal ) indige/ible food4 ,treatm5t4--,at ?is /age mix "o ounce aromatic spirits ( ammonia 9 "o p9t ( wat] & give ! mixture z a dr5*4 ,repeat 9 tw5ty m9utes if necess>y4 ,9 extreme cases a me*anical treatm5t c be successfully employ$ by ! use ( ,pratts ,cattle ,troc>4 ,cak$ ,udd]1 or ,g>get ,apply ,pratts ,bag ,o9tm5t accord+ to directions4 ,x is v p5etrat+1 & has great s(t5+ & cool+ prop]ties4 ,use also = *af+ & inflammation4 ,cold ,symptoms4--,heat$ =ehead1 sneez+1 c\gh+1 may h di>rhoea or be con/ipat$1 fev] & loss ( appetite4 ,ur9e defici5t4 ,treatm5t4--,give l>ge doses ( ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y 9 gruel =m & gradually r$uce quantity4 ,keep animal w>m1 b&age legs & rub ?roat & lungs ) ,pratts ,l9im5t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,mc,donoghville1 ,la4 ,pratts ,animal ,regulator c't be beat = sick calves--?is is f actual exp]i5ce4 ,e4,m4 ,,hub]t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,colic ,animal w be uneasy1 gets up & lies d[n1 & suff]s mu* pa94 ,walk ! animal = a few m9utes1 !n give "o p9t ( ,glaub] ,salts dissolv$ 9 a p9t ( w>m wat]1 & inject a qu>t ( w>m wat]1 ) two fluid ounces ( laudanum1 into ! b[els4 ,give regul>ly ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y mix$ ) w>m wat] z gruel until animal is reliev$1 !n mix ) ! fe$4 ,9 extreme cases give f\r drams ( c>bonate ( ammonia1 two drams ( belladonna1 mix$ ) "o p9t ( wat]4 ,blankets wrung out ( hot wat] & appli$ w help to relieve ! pa94 ,ano!r rem$y is "o ounce ( sulphuric e!r & "o ounce t9cture ( opium 9 a p9t ( w>m wat]4 ,a p9t ( :iskey 9 a p9t ( w>m wat] is also good4 ,con/ipation ,cause4--,f eat+ dry1 co>se food1 lack ( ex]cise & n en\gh wat]4 ,treatm5t4--,give ,epsom salts or a p9t ( raw l9se$ oil & pl5ty ( gre5 food1 l9se$ meal1 bran ma%es1 roots & ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y daily4 ,ex]cise is necess>y4 ,c[ ,pox 7,v>iola7 ,symptoms4--,r\nd inflam$ spots appe> ^u ! teats4 ,!y enl>ge & =m l>ge scabs4 ,! milk yield is always dim9i%$4 ,x is v contagi\s4 ,?is is ! vacc9e-virus us$ z a prev5tive = smallpox4 ,treatm5t4--,sep>ate ! c[s affect$4 ,d n break ! pox4 ,apply ,pratts ,heal+ ,o9tm5t to ! sores & give ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y to all ! c[s1 :e!r affect$ or n4 ,clos+ ( ! ,milk ,duct ,use ,pratts ,self-,reta9+ ,milk+ ,tube4 ,nev] use a solid probe or ne$le4 ,cut1 ,crack$1 ,injur$ or ,sore ,teats ,apply ,pratts ,bag ,o9tm5t accord+ to directions on box4 ,di>rhoea 7,sc\rs7 ,treatm5t4--,give l>ge doses ( ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y at fir/1 !n r$uce to regul> quantity4 ,give />* gruel or fl\r & wat]4 ,ano!r rem$y is two fluid drams ( t9cture ( k9o ?ree times daily4 ,foot & ,m\? ,disease ,symptoms4--,sore feet & bli/]s =m 9 & ab\t ! m\? & on udd]4 ,animal %iv]s1 has fev]1 becomes lame & tee? become loose4 ,x is v contagi\s4 ,treatm5t4--,sep>ate all sick animals & wa% m\?s ) "o "p ,pratts ,dis9fectant to #ajj p>ts wat]1 or "o-half teaspoonful ( t9cture ( aloes & myrrh4 ,/& animals 9 a tr\gh conta9+ "o "p ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant to #bj p>ts wat]4 ,repeat 9 five days4 ,dis9fect all /ables1 litt]1 etc4 ,give daily ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y ) ! regul> fe$4 ,use ,pratts ,bag ,o9tm5t on teats & udd]4 ,:5 recov]$1 sponge all ov] ) "o "p ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant to #bj p>ts wat]4 ,foot ,rot ,treatm5t4--,clean /alls & dis9fect ) "o "p ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant to #ajj p>ts wat]4 ,p>e away all ragg$ portions ( ! foot & keep animal on clean floor until cur$4 ,make a p\ltice ( "o "p ,dis9fectant to five p>ts wat] & /ir 9 a little fl\r to ! prop] con/itu5cy & apply to ! foot4 ,lice ,l\sy /ock _c gr[ fat = ! n\ri%m5t giv5 is absorb$ by ! lice4 ,treatm5t4--,clean /able ?or\ghly & spray ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant ev]y:]e4 ,spr9kle a small quantity on an old blanket & tie x ar\nd ! animal = two or ?ree h\rs4 ,spray ! legs & su* places ! blanket does n cov]4 ,repeat if necess>y4 ,if ,pratts ,p[d]$ ,lice ,kill] is us$1 du/ ! animals ?or\ghly ) ! p[d]1 rubb+ ! hair ! wrong way1 !n rub x ?or\ghly into ! sk94 ,lump ,jaw ,cause4--,a vegetable p>asite4 ,x is contagi\s4 ,treatm5t4--,remove ! tumor by surgical means or pa9t daily ) t9cture ( iod9e4 ,give daily two drams ( iodide ( pota%4 ,give n\ri%+ fe$ ) ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y daily4 ,dis9fect /able ) ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant4 ,milk--,bloody or ,/r+y ,cause4--,by rupture ( m9ute vessels 9 ! udd] due to injury1 irritation or inflammation & d]angem5t ( ! sy/em4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,ea/ ,po9t1 ,ga4 ,please s5d me a box ( ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y & "s ,pratts ,bag ,o9tm5t4 ,i sure d ne$ x4 ,i f\nd no o!r t w d ! "w4 ,x br+s 9 calves easy4 ,,mrs4 ,,mattie ,,br[n4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,treatm5t4--,*ange ! food & pa/ure4 ,give l>ge doses ( ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y at fir/1 & gradually r$uce to regul> quantity4 ,give good nutriti\s fe$ ) bran ma%es & clean fre%1 wat]4 ,rub udd] twice daily ) ,pratts ,bag ,o9tm5t4 ,f\r drams ( hyposulphite ( soda 9 fe$ twice a day has produc$ good results4 ,milk--,blue & ,wat]y ,treatm5t4--,keep /able p]fectly clean1 dis9fect ?or\ghly ) ,pratts ,dis9fectant & treat same z = bloody milk4 ,sometimes blue milk is ! sign ( tub]culosis4 ,if s1 h ! c[ kill$ & burn$ or buri$ deep4 ,milk ,fev] ,symptoms4--,!re is a fev]i% condition & inflammation ( ! bra92 a complete /oppage ( milk1 weakness 9 h9d qu>t]s1 animal /agg]s & :5 d[n is unable to rise1 ?r[s head to "o side & goes into a /ate ( /upor4 ,cause4--,by tr\ble peculi> to calv+ or runn+ into ri* pa/ure dur+ hot wea!r2 by lack ( ex]cise & f co/iv5ess4 ,usually attacks fat c[s4 ,treatm5t4--7,f ,circul> #de1 ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry1 ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture47 ,( all kn[n me?ods ( treat+ milk fev]1 ! injection ( /]ile atmosph]ic air into ! udd] is by f> ! mo/ simple & practicable z well z ! mo/ efficaci\s & h>mless "o at our disposal4 ,pratts ,milk ,fev] ,outfit = air treatm5t %\ld always be kept on h&4 ,! price is #c4 ,?is treatm5t has cur$ #ig p] c5t4 ( cases treat$4 ,prev5tion4--,fe$ pregnant c[s ) nutriti\s & laxative fe$1 give pl5ty ( wat] & ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y daily4 ,keep /able clean1 well v5tilat$ & dis9fect$ ) ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant4 ,milk--,to ,increase ! ,fl[ ( ,treatm5t4--,to increase fl[ ( milk give ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y daily ) a good nutriti\s ration & pl5ty ( wat]4 ,^! supply j :at a c[ ne$s to make h] food appetiz+1 to regulate ! blood1 b[els & dige/ive organs1 to turn all ! nutrim5t ( ! fe$ giv5 into fle% & milk )\t wa/e4 ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y has be5 us$ = ov] #dj ye>s by successful & cons]vative fe$]s1 & :]ev] us$1 accord+ to directions1 has produc$ wond]ful results4 ,oph?almia--,sore ,eyes ,treatm5t4--,sep>ate affect$ animals at once & put !m 9 clean1 well v5tilat$ b d>k /alls z ?is is contagi\s4 ,dis9fect entire place ) "o "p ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant to #ge p>ts ( wat]4 ,give physic ( a p\nd & a half ( ,epsom salts1 dissolve 9 a p9t ( w>m wat]1 to :i* add two ounces ( p[d]$ g+]4 ,give sloppy fe$ ) "o dram ( p[d]$ nitrate ( potassia add$ & ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y daily4 ,fa/5 a clo? ov] ! eyes & keep x wet ) a lotion ( *loride ( z9c1 "o dram2 c>bolic acid1 two drams2 wat]1 "o gallon4 ,apply to ! *eek bel[ ea* eye1 to ! space ( ab\t two in*es1 a small portion compos$ ( ,spani% fly1 #b drams2 l>d1 two tablespoonfuls4 ,apply 9 ! morn+ & wa% (f ) soap suds & a sponge1 six h\rs lat]4 ,apply l>d4 ,keep sep>at$ f h]d = a mon? aft] recov]y4 ,rheumatism ,symptoms4--,hot1 pa9ful swell+s at ! jo9ts1 /iffness 9 walk+ & difficulty 9 ris+4 ,cause4--,by exposure1 badly v5tilat$ & wet /ables1 damp1 m>%y pa/ure & impure food4 ,treatm5t4--,ba! jo9ts ) ,pratts ,l9im5t4 ,give a physic ( a p\nd ( ,epsom salts 9 w>m wat]4 ,give two drams ( salicylate ( soda e ?ree h\rs = two days4 ,keep animal w>m & dry4 ,give nutriti\s fe$ ( a laxative nature ) ,pratts ,c[ ,rem$y daily4 ,sore ,?roat ,symptoms4--,difficulty 9 swall[+1 pa9 & difficult brea?+4 ,treatm5t4--,place 9 dry1 clean1 well v5tilat$ /able4 ,use nose bag4 ,rub ?roat ) ,pratts ,l9im5t4 ,give physic ( "o p\nd ( ,epsom salts 9 w>m wat]4 ,give "o-half ounce ( t9cture ( belladonna e six h\rs4 ,syr+e ?roat ?ree times a day ) an ounce ( foll[+ solution3 "o & "o-half drams nitrate ( silv] & "o p9t ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,spra9s ,use ,pratts ,l9im5t1 no?+ bett]4 ,teats--,ob/ruct$ ,treatm5t4--,wa% (f ) "o "p ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant & #ej p>ts ( wat]4 ,use ,pratts ,teat ,op5]4 ,pratts ,self-,reta9+ ,milk+ ,tube c !n be ins]t$ until teat is bett]4 ,rub teats ) ,pratts ,bag ,o9tm5t4 ,ticks ,treatm5t4--,all cattle infect$ ) ticks %\ld be spong$ or dipp$ at once ) "o "p ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant to #bj p>ts wat]4 ,repeat 9 t5 days4 ,?is w n only kill ! ticks b cure mange1 s(t5 ! hair & make ! sk9 heal?y4 ,tub]culosis--,consumption ,symptoms4--,n well m>k$ 9 e>ly /ages4 ,disease develops sl[ly4 ,!re is a loss ( fle%1 a %ort dry c\gh1 irregul> appetite1 rapid brea?+1 weakness1 bloat+1 di>rhoea1 ! milk is less5$ & is wat]y & blue 9 color4 ,! coat is r\gh & back ar*$4 ,:5ev] an animal is suspect$ ( hav+ tub]culosis1 h a compet5t p]son give ! ,tub]culosis ,te/ at once4 ,cause4--,poor fe$ & wat]1 badly v5tilat$ /ables1 dirty /ables1 f ov]-fe$+ & inoculation4 ,x is h]$it>y4 ,may also foll[ abortion & cat>rhal tr\ble ( ! g5ital organs4 ,treatm5t4--,disease is incurable4 ,kill & burn all animals affect$ at once & dis9fect ?or\ghly /ables1 y>ds1 etc41 ) "o "p ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant to #ej p>ts ( wat]4 ,dis9fect e week until e g]m is de/roy$4 ,use ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant 9 all :itewa% & sponge or dip all ! cattle 9 a solution ( "o "p ,dis9fectant to #ajj p>ts wat]4 ,wire ,cuts1 ,w\nds1 ,bites1 ,etc4 ,treatm5t4--,wa% ) "o "p ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant & #ej p>ts wat] & apply ,pratts ,heal+ ,o9tm5t or ,heal+ ,p[d] ?ree times a day4 ,worms ,give ,pratts ,specially ,prep>$ ,worm ,p[d] accord+ to directions4 ,x is quick 9 its action & has a /rong tonic effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s ,,%eep ,_m ye>s ago ! %eep indu/ry ( ,am]ica fl\ri%$4 ,!n came a p]iod ( depression 9 ?is l9e accompani$ by a /eady decrease 9 ! numb] ( %eep kept4 ,b ! tide turn$ aga9 ab\t #aiad & ! %eep are rapidly com+ back to ,am]ican f>ms & ranges4 ,?is *ange is d\btless due to ! /eadily increas+ co/ ( gra9 & labor accompani$ by correspond+ly high prices ( lamb1 mutton & wool4 ,also to a g5]al recognition ( ! economic value ( %eep--bo? ( ! mutton & wool bre$s--z quick produc]s ( income1 no little "p ( :i* %\ld be pr(it4 ,! latt] po9t is due to ! fact t %eep are inexp5sive to ma9ta9 z !y ?rive ^u ! r\ghe/ ( pa/ures & co>se fe$s :i* w n sell to advantage1 & _! c>e consumes b little "t4 ,l[ production co/s--fe$ & labor--& high prices = ! products make a mo/ satisfactory comb9ation4 ,me?ods ( successful %eep managem5t v>y 9 diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,! beg9n] may well consult ! successful %eep-gr[]s 9 8 section & adopt ! me?ods :i* give good results "u ! conditions exi/+ 9 8 locality4 ,at ! same "t he %\ld neglect no opportunity to secure m in=mation f all s\rces1 9 ord] to "k & use ! mo/ advanc$ me?ods & s make ! maximum pr(its4 ,"h are a few basic facts3 ,%eep rais+ requires c>eful att5tion1 b does n dem& a great am\nt ( heavy labor or exp5sive equipm5t4 ,! be/ "t to make a />t is 9 ! e>ly fall :5 good bre$+ /ock may be select$4 ,:ile pure-br$ bre$]s are be/1 a pure-br$ ram & ewes ( good grade w prove v satisfactory4 ,a />t may be made 9 a small way1 b x is be/ to h at lea/ tw5ty to =ty bre$]s = economy ( "t1 labor & o!r exp5ses4 ,z a rule x is mo/ pr(itable to pu% ! lambs = gr[? & m>ket !m :5 !y weigh #fe to #ge p\nds4 ,?is weight c be secur$ 9 ab\t f\r mon?s4 ,if a v l>ge pa/ure is available ! flock w ?rive on ?is4 ,o!rwise fields mu/ be f5c$ (f & =age crops provid$4 ,bre$+ ewes mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ! w9t] to insure /rong lambs4 ,b protect !m f ra9 or wet sn[ z soak$ fleeces cause colds & pneumonia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%rop%ire ,,%eep ,?rifty condition & vigor\s heal? mu/ be ma9ta9$ at all co/s4 ,o!rwise ! lambs w be small & weak & fleeces ( inf]ior quality4 ,! regul> use ( ,pratts ,animal ,regulator w improve condition1 insure heal? & vigor1 increase numb] & quality ( lambs1 promote gr[? ( fle% & wool4 ,& 9 l>ge measure1 x keeps common diseases away because ,pratt-f$ %eep are 9 condition to resi/ disease4 ,%e>+ %\ld be done aft] lamb+1 usually 9 late spr+ or e>ly summ]4 ,if lamb+ "t is late1 ! %e>+ may be done be=e ! lambs arrive4 ,tie up ! fleeces sep>ately1 fir/ sort+ out dung locks & tags4 ,aft] lamb+1 ! individual ewes %\ld be c>efully wat*$ to see t !y h pl5ty ( milk & are 9 good condition4 ,!y %\ld be kept 9 p5s = ab\t ?ree days1 :5 !y may be p]mitt$ to run ) ! flock4 ,fe$ lightly = two or ?ree days1 !n heavily to /imulate ! milk fl[ s lambs w be well-n\ri%$4 ,!y may pr(itably receive "o to two p\nds ( gra9 p] day dur+ ! nurs+ p]iod4 ,inf]ior ewes %\ld be m>ket$ z rapidly z !y are id5tifi$4 ,get rid ( ! b>r5 ones1 produc]s ( poor lambs1 poor milk]s1 light %e>]s4 ,%eep mu/ be protect$ aga9/ blood-?ir/y dogs & ext]nal & int]nal p>asites4 ,9 _m sections %eep gr[]s h unit$ to fight %eep-kill+ dogs & good results h be5 secur$4 ,unit$ action aga9/ a common enemy is be/1 z public s5tim5t may ?us be ar\s$4 ,because ( _! ?ick fleeces & helplessness1 %eep suff] greatly f ! attacks ( ticks1 lice & o!r p>asites4 ,ticks are p>ticul>ly injuri\s4 ,!y annoy & weak5 ! adult animals1 torture ! lambs & *eck _! gr[?4 ,! result is always a money loss to ! %eep own]4 ,=tunately x is a simple matt] to ext]m9ate ! ticks & lice & ov]come ! ord9>y sk9 diseases ( %eep4 ,m]ely dip ! %eep 9 a solution ( ,pratts ,dis9fectant4 ,x is non-poison\s1 inexp5sive--does ! "w6 ,illu/ration3 ,,m]9o ,,ram ,july & ,augu/ is ! popul> "t = dipp+1 b ! "w c be done z soon aft] %e>+ z ! %e> cuts heal4 ,two dipp+s are necess>y1 ab\t tw5ty-f\r days ap>t4 ,! fir/ treatm5t may n kill all ! eggs1 b ! second w kill ! "y ticks1 ?us complet+ ! job4 ,= successful results1 x is necess>y to use a dipp+ tank or vat l>ge en\gh to hold suffici5t ( ! solution to imm]se & ?or\ghly saturate ea* animal4 ,inte/9al p>asites1 ( :i* ! /oma* worm is p]haps ! mo/ dread$1 cause great loss to %eep own]s4 ,^! worms live 9 ! f\r? /oma*4 ,!y are easily id5tifi$1 be+ f "o-half to "o & a qu>t] in*es long1 m>k$ ) a r$ /ripe4 ,_! eggs are f\nd 9 ! dropp+s ( ! %eep1 s infection is secur$ 9 ! pa/ure4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,augu/a1 ,me4 ,z a con/ant us] ( ,pratts ,animal ,regulator1 = %eep1 ,i f9d t x n only helps !m to put on fle% b keeps _! sy/em 9 f9e condition4 ,i take great pleasure 9 recomm5d+ x1 kn[+ its b5efit to ,clov]dale ,%rop%ires4 ,h4,j4 ,o',,he>1 ,samoset ,f>m4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,c>e ( ,sw9e ,,sw9e ,no o!r class ( animals kept ^u ! f>m br+s returns s quickly z sw9e1 ) ! exception ( f[ls4 ,sw9e are specially valuable = utiliz+ food t w\ld o!rwise g to wa/e4 ,!y are an invaluable adjunct to ! dairy1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! :ole milk is sep>at$ on ! f>m4 ,y c gr[ big1 heal?y1 pr(it-pay+ hogs1 if y w m]ely meet c]ta9 cle>ly def9$ hog requirem5ts4 ,if y d ?is1 & x's easy1 y ne$ nev] worry ab\t pr(its4 ,y are sure to succe$4 ,! _w ne$s & w pay y well = all ! hogs y c produce4 ,aside f ! pork products requir$ = consumption 9 ,am]ica1 ! hog gr[]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates mu/ = ye>s export to ,europe m pork 9 v>i\s =ms1 & m l>d1 ?an ev] be=e4 ,! ,european h]ds ( hogs h be5 sadly deplet$4 ,dr4 ,v]non ,kellogg1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,food ,adm9i/ration1 has p]sonally inve/igat$ ! situation4 ,he reports decreases 9 hogs 9 lead+ c\ntries z foll[s3 ,france1 #di p] c5t42 ,great ,brita91 #be p] c5t42 ,italy1 #ab #a_/b p] c5t4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 conditions are ev5 worse 9 ,g]many1 ,au/ria & ! ,balkan ,nations1 all ( :i* are big produc]s 9 normal times4 ,prop]ly h&l$1 kept heal?y & vigor\s1 ! ,am]ican hog is a money-mak]4 ,_m f>m]s "k ?is f exp]i5ce3 o!rs fail to realize h[ useful & pr(itable ! hog really is4 ,! exp]ts connect$ ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture make ! foll[+ ass]tions 9 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #hgd3 ,no bran* ( live-/ock f>m+ gives bett] results ?an ! rais+ ( well-br$ sw9e :5 conduct$ ) a reasonable am\nt ( intellig5ce4 ,! hog is "o ( ! mo/ important animals to raise on ! f>m1 ei!r = meat or = pr(it1 & no f>m is complete unless "s hogs are kept to aid 9 ! mod]n me?od ( f>m+4 ,! f>m]s ( ! ,s\? & ,we/1 awak5+ to ! m]its ( ! hog1 are rapidly increas+ _! output ( pork & _! bank acc\nts4 ,! hog requires less labor1 less equipm5t1 less capital1 & makes great] ga9s p] hundr$ p\nds ( conc5trates ?an any o!r f>m animal1 & reproduces himself fa/] & 9 great] numb]s2 & returns ! money inve/$ m quickly ?an any o!r f>m animal except p\ltry4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota1 9 ,ext5sion ,bullet9 #g1 sums up ! matt] z foll[s3 ,f a bus9ess po9t ( view1 ! hog is describ$ z a great national res\rce1 a f>m mortgage lift] & debt-pay]1 & ! mo/ g5]ally pr(itable dome/icat$ animal 9 ,am]ican agriculture4 ,& ?is summ>izes ! g5]al op9ion ( progressive hog gr[]s & ! exp]ts connect$ ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture & ! v>i\s ,/ate ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ations & ,colleges4 ,bre$s ( hogs are divid$ into two g5]al classes--bacon type & l>d type4 ,:]e milk is pl5tiful1 & especially :]e su* foods z b>ley & peas are gr[n1 ! bacon type w be ! mo/ pr(itable1 z !y furni% ! l>ge/ litt]s & also make pork t br+s ! be/ price 9 ! m>ket4 ,! l>d type ( sw9e are usually kept :]e corn is ! c]eal t is mo/ gr[n4 ,! l>ge ,york%ire & ,tamwor? are ! lead+ bacon bre$s4 ,! ,pol& ,*9a1 ! ,duroc ,j]sey1 & ! ,*e/] ,:ite are lead+ l>d types4 ,! ,b]k%ires1 ,*e%ires1 & ,hamp%ires are int]m$iate betwe5 ! bacon & l>d types4 ,:5 bacon sires are cross$ ^u s[s ( any ( ! o!r bre$s1 ! prog5y are excell5t = pork4 ,! f>m] :o is ab\t to adopt a bre$ %\ld be sure to select "o ( ! /&>d & common bre$s ( 8 own neighborhood4 ,_m m5 make ! mi/ake ( introduc+ a bre$ new to ! section1 & :5 ! "t comes t a new bo> mu/ be secur$ mu* difficulty & exp5se are incurr$ be=e a satisfactory "o c be f\nd4 ,! bullet9 quot$ above fur!r says3 ,to ! production ( pork1 !n1 9 ! l>ge/ am\nt1 9 ! %orte/ "t1 & ) ! m9imum ( money & labor1 all ! details ( ! hog-rais+ indu/ry are direct$4 ,"h is ! :ole secret--pork 9 l>ge/ am\nt1 9 %orte/ "t1 at l[e/ production co/s4 ,& ! v f\ndation is p]fect heal? & vigor\s condition ( ! hogs1 bo? bre$+ animals & m>ket /ock4 ,heal? & vigor are necess>y 9 ! bre$+ animals if !y are to produce big litt]s ( /urdy pigs--9 ! m>ket animals if !y are to consume l>ge am\nts ( food & economically & quickly conv]t x into fat & muscle4 ,weak1 sickly1 run-d[n hogs are a con/ant s\rce ( tr\ble & are nev] pr(itable "u any conditions4 ,disease is "o ( ! greate/ drawbacks 9 ! hog indu/ry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pol& ,,*9a ,,pig ,:5 select+ brood s[s ( any bre$1 ! pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to ^? :i* h reasonably long sides & limbs ( m$ium l5g?4 ,:5 select+ bo>s make sure t vigor is pres5t 9 a m>k$ degree & also /rong limbs4 ,any weakness 9 ! back ( male or female is to be c>efully %unn$4 ,dur+ pregnancy two facts mu/ be borne 9 m9d4 ,! fir/ is t ! s[ is do+ d\ble duty4 ,%e is keep+ up h] own bodily functions1 z well z develop+ h] fetal litt]4 ,!re=e1 fe$+ %\ld be lib]al4 ,! mi/akes 9 fe$+ bre$+ animals are m frequ5tly ^? :i* keep su* /ock ?94 ,! importance ( ample fe$+ at ?is "t is a demon/rat$ fact1 z well z "o :i* appeals to common s5se4 ,9 ! second place ! s[ is build+ new tissue4 ,h5ce ! k9d ( fe$ is important4 ,bran1 peas1 oats & b>ley & su* =age plants z clov]1 alfalfa1 vet*es & ! l4 ,ord9>y pa/ure grasses are ( mu* value4 ,all bre$]s lay great emphasis on ! condition ( ! b[els dur+ pregnancy1 & p>ticul>ly at f>r[+4 ,! special dang] to be avoid$ is con/ipation4 ,x is "r "h t ,pratts ,hog ,tonic %[s its great wor? to hog rais]4 ,x puts ! dige/ion organs into heal?y condition & ! result is safe f>r[+ & a heal?y litt] :i* is n apt to suff] f sc\rs or ?umps4 ,illu/ration3 ,,duroc-,,j]sey ,,bo> ,good heal? is inh]it$ f vigor\s1 heal?y ance/ors4 ,x is int5sifi$ & pres]v$ by prop] managem5t4 ,! "t to beg9 fitt+ pigs = m>ket is be=e !y are f>r[$4 ,= ?is reason x is advisable to pay p>ticul> att5tion to ! fe$ & c>e ( ! brood s[ f bre$+ to f>r[+ "t4 ,& ,x mu/ be und]/ood t x is mu* easi] to cont9ue an animal 7hog7 9 a ?rifty1 h>dy condition ?an to br+ ! animal back to 8 normal appetite & rate ( gr[?1 once he is out ( ord]4 7,circul> #ij1 ,new ,j]sey ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/ation47 ,^! common-s5se /atem5ts mu/ appeal to ! reason ( e ?9k+ hog produc]4 ,& !y make pla9 ! wisdom ( regul>ly supply+ ,pratts ,hog ,tonic to ! entire h]d1 to bre$+ /ock1 gr[+ pigs1 fatt5+ hogs4 ,?is rem>kable natural tonic & condition]s is n a specific = any s+le disease4 ,x is a heal?-build] & heal?-pres]v]4 ,9 ?is connection we wi% to p>ticul>ly m5tion t mo/ dread$ & de/ructive ( all hog diseases--hog *ol]a4 ,we d n claim t ,pratts ,hog ,tonic w entirely prev5t or cure ?is sc\rge4 ,b x w put & keep y\r h]d 9 su* f9e condition t ! individuals w be m resi/ant & w n z readily contract *ol]a or o!r g]m diseases4 ,x w prev5t & control su* tr\bles z indige/ion1 di>rhoea1 con/ipation & ! l1 :i* are su* a s\rce ( tr\ble 9 ! av]age h]d4 ,y may n appreciate ! value ( us+ su* a condition]1 b ! ,k5tucky ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/ation1 9 ,bullet9 #aha1 conta9s ! foll[+ /atem5t :i* des]ves ! c>eful consid]ation ( e ?\ghtful hog rais]3 ,g5]al condition]s h be5 f\nd to be advantage\s 9 ! ma9t5ance ( heal?y conditions 9 hogs4 ,brood s[s %\ld n produce _! fir/ litt] "u twelve mon?s4 ,:e!r !y %\ld produce "o or two litt]s a ye> w dep5d l>gely ^u ! conditions1 especially ( climate4 ,s[s %\ld be kept = bre$+ z long z !y w produce good1 ev5 litt]s4 ,well-*os5 s[s %\ld re> an av]age ( eight to ! litt]4 ,brood s[s %\ld h ample ex]cise4 ,!y get x 9 good =m :5 !y are all[$ to turn ov] litt] 9 ! b>ny>d on :i* a little gra91 z corn1 has previ\sly be5 spr9kl$4 ,two-?irds ( ! w9t] rations may consi/ ( mangels or alfalfa hay--! o!r ?ird be+ gra9 or swill4 ,alfalfa = hogs %\ld be cut be=e blossom+4 ,:5 s[s f>r[ !y %\ld be f$ lightly = ! fir/ ?ree days4 ,lat] give all !y w eat ( milk-mak+ foods4 ,a comb9ation ( gr\nd oats1 :eat %orts1 & "s corn is excell5t4 ,& ,pratts ,hog ,tonic w be f\nd especially valuable dur+ ! nurs+ p]iod4 ,meal is f$ gr\nd & soak$4 ,z soon z "y pigs w take skim-milk !y %\ld get x 9 a tr\gh ap>t f ! s[4 ,!y are wean$ at sev5 or eight weeks :]e two litt]s are gr[n 9 a ye>1 & at twelve weeks :]e b "o is gr[n4 ,:5 pigs are wean$1 & previ\sly1 !re is no?+ bett] ?an %orts & skim milk4 ,!y %\ld be gr[n subsequ5tly to wean+ on pa/ure1 ) "o to two p\nds ( gra9 add$ daily4 ,9 season1 w9t] or spr+ rye1 clov]1 alfalfa1 b>ley1 & rape all make excell5t pa/ure4 ,! fatt5+ p]iod ) sw9e cov]s f six to eight weeks4 ,ungr\nd corn & wat] w fatt5 sw9e 9 good =m4 ,! same is true ( b>ley & rye1 gr\nd & soak$4 ,!y may be fatt5$ nicely :ile graz+ on field peas4 ,!y may also be simil>ly fatt5$ by hogg+ (f corn or ga!r+ x f ! excrem5t ( cattle t are be+ fatt5$ on x4 ,sw9e well gr[n %\ld make an av]age ga9 ( a p\nd a day4 ,bacon sw9e may be be/ sold at #age to #bjj p\nds 9 weight4 ,l>d types are usually gr[n to great] weights4 ,sw9e bre$]s h long recogniz$ ! value ( ,pratts ,hog ,tonic z a disease prev5tive & fatt5]4 ,progressive bre$]s n[ consid] x a necessity 9 pr(itable hog rais+4 ,if a second litt] is want$ dur+ a ye> ! s[s %\ld be put to ! bo> dur+ ! fir/ heat aft] wean+4 ,_m bre$]s d n l to pass p]iods ( heat = fe> t ! s[s may become %y1 & !re is little reason :y a s[ %\ld n h two litt]s a ye>4 ,9 any case1 ! s[s %\ld be c>ri$ on comp>atively light fe$ until "t to bre$ aga91 ga9+ a little 9 weight2 & _! treatm5t aft] bre$+ %\ld be z already detail$ = pregnant s[s4 ,:5 ! bo> arrives at ! f>m he %\ld be dipp$ 9 a solution ( ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant1 z a matt] ( ord9>y precaution aga9/ ! introduction ( v]m94 ,z an additional precaution1 a qu>ant9e p5 %\ld be ready = him1 especially if epizootics are preval5t4 ,8 fe$ be=e *ange ( own]s %\ld be kn[n1 & ei!r adh]$ to or *ang$ gradually to suit ! new conditions4 ,if he has come f a long di/ance x w be well to fe$ lightly until he is well acclimat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tamwor? ,,pig ,bre$]s g5]ally advocate ! practice ( keep+ a bo> to himself dur+ ! entire ye>--out ( sight & he>+ ( ! s[s4 ,h[ev]1 a bo> is (t5 all[$ to run ) ! s[s aft] !y are safe 9 pig2 b dur+ ! bre$+ season x is by f> ! be/ policy to keep him by himself1 admitt+ a s[ to 8 y>d = mat+1 & all[+ b "o s]vice4 ,! litt]s w g5]ally be l>g] & ! pigs /rong]4 ,! bo> %\ld n s]ve m ?an two s[s daily1 pref]ably "o 9 ! morn+ & "o 9 ! aft]noon1 & c s]ve #ej to #fj 9 a season )\t difficulty4 ,9 ord] to keep ! bo> 9 vigor\s physical condition1 he %\ld be giv5 ,pratts ,hog ,tonic regul>ly4 ,! b5eficial results w be se5 9 ! way ( l>g] litt]s & /rong] pigs4 ,! greate/ drawback to ! hog indu/ry :i* bre$]s 9 ?is c\ntry h to cont5d aga9/ is f\nd 9 ! losses :i* may be exp]i5c$ ?r\gh ! infe/ation ( ! animals1 especially "y pigs1 by p>asites1 ?r\gh outbreaks ( hog *ol]a or sw9e plague1 or ?r\gh ! contraction ( tub]culosis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*e/] ,,:ite ,,bo> ,9 deal+ ) ! diseases ( hogs1 prev5tive measures mu/ be mo/ reli$ ^u4 ,! animals mu/ be giv5 dry & well-v5tilat$ qu>t]s1 :i* mu/ be kept clean4 ,contr>y to common belief1 hogs h "s habits :i* raise !m above o!r dome/ic animals f ! /&po9t ( cleanl9ess4 ,= example1 unless compell$ to d s1 a hog w n sleep 9 its own fil?4 ,if "p ( ! floor ( ! p5 is rais$ & kept well b$d$ ) /raw1 :ile ! re/ is n1 all excrem5t w be left on ! unb$d$ portion ( ! floor1 & ! b$ itself w be always clean4 ,9 addition to cleanl9ess1 close att5tion %\ld be giv5 to ! fe$ :i* is suppli$1 t no?+ may be f$ :i* w convey ! g]ms ( disease1 especially tub]culosis1 to ! h]d4 ,if ! hogs are f$ milk 9 any =m obta9$ f c[s kept ^u ! same f>m1 ! c[s %\ld be subject$ to ! tub]cul9 te/1 z by ?is means all tub]cul\s milk may be kept f ! hogs4 ,if !y run ) ! cattle ( ! f>m a tub]cul9 te/ ( all ! cattle is none ! less desirable4 ,animals dead f any disease %\ld n be f$ to ! hogs until ! meat has be5 made safe by cook+4 ,skim milk or refuse f a public cream]y %\ld n be f$ to hogs until x has be5 ?or\ghly /]iliz$4 ,fe$+ & dr9k+ places %\ld be clean & ! wat] supply pure4 ,unless ! orig9 is kn[n to be uncontam9at$ & !re has be5 no possibility ( infection dur+ its c\rse1 hogs %\ld n be all[$ access to any /ream4 ,wall[s %\ld be dra9$ out or kept fill$ up z mu* z possible4 ,at lea/ once a mon? ! qu>t]s %\ld be dis9fect$ ) a solution ( ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant4 ,^! precautions w be f\nd valuable aids 9 ! de/ruction ( ! v>i\s animal p>asites1 z well z a protection f "s m s]i\s tr\bles4 ,! me?ods ( fe$+ & managem5t outl9$ above h be5 successfully foll[$ by hog gr[]s = _m ye>s4 ,!y are cons]vative & safe4 ,b dur+ rec5t ye>s a new me?od ( fe$+ has be5 develop$ & is be+ g5]ally adopt$1 especially by speciali/s :o make hog gr[+ a real bus9ess4 ,?is is kn[n z ! self-f$ plan1 "u :i* sy/em fe$ is kept be=e ! hogs at all times & !y are p]mitt$ to eat at w4 ,9 p\ltry fe$+ ?is is call$ ! dry ma% sy/em4 ,j :o des]ves cr$it = orig9at+ or develop+ ?is plan _c be /at$4 ,t x is a good "o is evid5c$ by ! fact t x has receiv$ ! endorsem5t ( ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture2 ( _m ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ations2 ( ! specialty sw9e j\rnals2 ( practical hog bre$]s 9 all sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,= ?is self-fe$ plan x is claim$ t bo? fe$ & labor are sav$1 ?us r$uc+ production co/s4 ,t a #bej-p\nd hog c be gr[n 9 ?irty days less "t ?an is possible :]e slop-fe$+ is practic$1 ?us gett+ ! hogs to m>ket e>li] & avoid+ dang] ( loss dur+ ?is "t4 ,t x produces pork ( highe/ quality1 ! meat be+ f9e 9 flavor1 firm1 & ) lean & fat well di/ribut$4 ,advocates ( ! self-fe$+ plan make ! foll[+ comp>ison ) ! old-"t slop-fe$+ me?od3 ,:5 dry food is suppli$ 9 automatic fe$]s1 ! att5dant may fill ! fe$]s at any conv5i5t "t ( day & t at int]vals ( sev]al days4 ,9 slop fe$+1 ! meals mu/ be prep>$ & f$ twice daily1 usually :5 o!r duties are press+ & "t especially valuable4 ,:5 dry1 gr\nd gra9s are kept be=e ! hogs at all times1 !y eat :5 !y feel ! ne$ ( food & are n liable to ov]eat at any "t4 ,because ( ! dry "* ( ! fe$1 !y eat sl[ly1 ma/icat+ ! food ?or\ghly & mix+ x ) saliva4 ,?is means m ?or\gh dige/ion & an abs5ce ( indige/ion & b[el tr\bles4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 quick] gr[?4 ,slop-f$ hogs1 on ! o!r h&1 get v hungry betwe5 meals4 ,at fe$+ "t !y pile up ar\nd ! tr\ghs1 ! /rong] ru%+ & pu%+ away ! weak] ones1 ^? t really ne$ ! fe$ ! mo/4 ,!n !y bolt ! food )\t *ew+ x1 tak+ all !y c hold & leav+ little = ^? t _c f9d a place at ! fir/ table4 ,! quality ( ! dry-f$ pork has be5 m5tion$4 ,equally important1 f ! /&po9t ( ! but*]1 is ! loss 9 dress+ ( hogs4 ,te/s h %[n t slop-f$ /ock loses six to eight p\nds m p] hundr$weight ?an does ! dry-f$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b]k%ire ,,bo> ,ano!r big advantage ( dry-fe$+ lies 9 ! fact t l>ge numb]s ( sw9e1 includ+ ^? ( v>i\s ages & sizes1 c be safely kept 9 "o h]d4 ,! writ] has se5 ov] two hundr$ head ( sw9e1 rang+ 9 size f pigs j wean$ to #bej-p\nd pork]s ready = m>ket1 liv+ 9 peace & cont5tm5t 9 "o build+1 eat+ & sleep+ & %>+ ! =age pa/ures toge!r4 ,( c\rse ?is means a big sav+ 9 build+s & f5c+ & a great r$uction 9 ! am\nt ( necess>y labor4 ,! self-fe$] may be us$ all ?r\gh ! life ( ! hog1 beg9n+ :5 ! pigs are /ill nurs+ & cont9u+ until !y rea* m>ket weight4 ,dur+ all ?is "t ! ration %\ld conta9 ,pratts ,hog ,tonic1 ! gu>ante$ hog condition]1 9 ord] t at all times ! h]d may be ma9ta9$ 9 vigor\s condition1 be kept free f disease1 may avoid wa/+ fe$ ?r\gh imp]fect or sluggi% dige/ion1 may e>n = ! f>m] ! maximum am\nt ( pr(it4 ,we sugge/ t y make a te/ ( ?is results-insur+1 pr(it-produc+ tonic4 ,wat* results4 ,if y are n satisfi$ ! deal] f :om y pur*as$ ! goods w refund ! full am\nt y paid = !m4 ,! self-fe$+ plan ( gr[+ hogs gives be/ results :5 ! animals are giv5 access to gr[+ =age crops4 ,! fe$]s may be plac$ "u cov] out 9 ! fields or kept 9 ! hog h\se if ! latt] is reasonably ne> ! pa/ure lots4 ,an unlimit$ supply ( fre% wat] mu/ be available at all times because dry-f$ /ock dr9ks _m times ! am\nt ( wat] t slop-f$ hogs d4 ,! reason is pla94 ,!re are _m diff]5t sy/ems ( h&l+ hogs "u ?is plan1 v>y+ accord+ to local conditions4 ,we w give 9 detail ! me?od us$ mo/ successfully = _m ye>s on a ,p5nsylvania f>m :i* ea* season m>kets sev]al hundr$ hogs ( a quality :i* comm&s a premium above curr5t quotations4 ,on ?is f>m1 p>ticul> att5tion is paid to keep+ ! hog h\ses clean & sanit>y1 light1 sunny & dry4 ,dampness is always a f]tile s\rce ( loss4 ,fur!r1 ! h\ses are nev] cr[d$4 ,ea* animal is giv5 pl5ty ( room4 ,! brood s[s are plac$ 9 sep>ate p5s at f>r[+ "t & wat*$ c>efully :5 giv+ bir? to ! pigs4 ,!y are f$ a ri* slop1 a small quantity at fir/1 b 9 gradually increas+ am\nt until !y are receiv+ en\gh to insure a big fl[ ( milk4 ,:5 ! pigs are eight to t5 days ( age !y are p]mitt$ to g at w to ! self-fe$] conta9+ a mixture ( gr\nd gra9s4 ,z a rule1 sev]al s[s f>r[ at ab\t ! same "t & ! p5s are s arrang$ t ! pigs f sev]al litt]s may all use "o fe$]4 ,?is arrangem5t results 9 ! pigs tak+ m ex]cise1 eat+ m food & mak+ m rapid gr[?4 ,x r$uces ! dang] ( ?umps & gives ! y\ng/]s a wond]fully /rong />t 9 life4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,m ,,pigs ,,p] ,,hog--,,m ,,hog ,,p] ,,pig ,big litt]s ( /rong-bon$1 gr[?y pigs1 & rapid gr[? ( pigs f bir? to maturity are ! natural result ( heal? & vigor ( bre$+ /ock & y\ng/]s4 ,weak1 run-d[n bo>s & s[s produce inf]ior pigs & usually small litt]s4 ,& su* pigs are n money-mak]s4 ,,pratts ,,hog ,,tonic ! gu>ante$ condition] = sw9e1 ov]comes mo/ hog diseases1 makes ! bre$]s heal?y & vigor\s1 insures big litt]s ( big pigs1 makes ! y\ng/]s gr[ /eadily & rapidly f bir? to maturity & fatt5 quickly & economically4 ,_m ( ! mo/ successful hog-gr[]s w tell y t "o secret ( _! success is ! regul> use ( ,pratts ,hog ,tonic4 ,y %\ld at lea/ te/ x4 ,no risk on y\r "p because ,,y\r ,,money ,,back ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,n ,,satisfi$ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,c>e ( ,sw9e ,! fe$ mixture us$ at ?is "t v>ies some:at accord+ to available supplies & curr5t prices4 ,a sample pig ration is made up z foll[s3 ,,ration ,,= ,,"y ,,pigs ,w9t] :eat middl+s #dj lbs4 ,hom9y meal #dj lbs4 ,oil meal #c lbs4 ,:ole oats 7heavy7 #e lbs4 #fj p] c5t4 ,dige/] tankage #ab lbs4 ,f9e salt #a_/b lb4 ,mix ?or\ghly4 ,:5 ! pigs are wean$ !y are plac$ ) ! h]d1 a safe practice because ( ! g5]al cont5tm5t & quietness & ! entire abs5ce ( meal-"t /amp$es4 ,!y quickly adju/ !mselves to _! new surr\nd+s1 &1 because accu/om$ to ! use ( self-fe$]s1 at once beg9 eat+ ! regul> hog ration ) ! re/ ( ! h]d4 ,9 ! hog h\se1 en\gh self-fe$]s are provid$ to p]mit all animals to eat at w )\t be+ cr[d$4 ,"o fe$] to ea* tw5ty-five hogs is ! rule4 ,! hog ration1 l ! pig ration1 v>ies accord+ to conditions4 ,b at all times x is palatable & conta9s fe$s :i* build bone1 muscle & fat4 ,a favorite =mula is ?is3 ,,ration ,,= ,,gr[+ ,,hogs ,w9t] :eat middl+s #ej lbs4 ,:eat bran #ej lbs4 ,corn *op #ej lbs4 ,:ole oats #aj lbs4 #ej p] c5t4 ,dige/] tankage #bj lbs4 ,s(t coal & salt are kept be=e ! h]d at all times4 ,! hogs eat ^! at w4 ,! graz+ sy/em is us$ on ?is f>m4 ,_m diff]5t =age crops are plant$1 9 ord] to insure a regul> succession ( succul5t fe$s4 ,z ea* field rea*es prop] condition = graz+1 a hog f5ce is ?r[n ar\nd x & ! h]d admitt$4 ,! hogs d all ! "w ( h>ve/+1 ?us secur+ valuable ex]cise & at ! same "t sav+ man labor4 ,"u ?is sy/em ! fields h /eadily improv$ 9 f]tility1 due to ! turn+ "u ( ! uneat5 gre5 /uff & ! direct application ( ! valuable hog manure4 ,=age crops v>y 9 diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,on ! f>m 9 "q ! e>lie/ =age is rye1 foll[$ 9 rotation by ! v>i\s clov]s & mixtures ( oats1 ,canada field peas1 vet*1 soy beans1 etc4 ,dw>f ,essex rape is a favorite crop & "o t furni%es a trem5d\s am\nt ( =age p] acre4 ,:5 ! corn crop matures1 ! l>g] individuals are giv5 ! lib]ty ( ! corn fields & ! crop is hogg$ d[n4 ,?is aga9 saves a great am\nt ( h& labor1 a big item "u exi/+ conditions4 ,9 ! w9t]1 :5 graz+ is out ( ! "q1 ! h]d receives once daily a lib]al fe$ ( second crop alfalfa or clov] hay4 ,und]/&1 ! fe$]s conta9+ ! dry mixture ( gr\nd gra9s1 are available to ! hogs at all times4 ,!y help !mselves at w1 day & night4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,la ,fonta9e1 ,ind4 ,we h be5 try+ to produce ! l>ge/ hog 9 ! _w & we h done x6 ,we h a ,big ,type ,pol& ,*9a hog1 t has be5 f$ #abc days1 mak+ a ga9 ( #dej p\nds & at ?is "t weighs ov] #abjj p\nds4 ,we f$ him on ,pratts ,animal ,regulator4 ,h4,e4 ,,h5ry4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,:5 keep+ hogs 9 l>ge h]ds l ?is1 x is ( prim>y importance t ! mo/ c>eful att5tion be paid to sanitation4 ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant %\ld be us$ regul>ly & ?or\ghly to protect aga9/ disease g]ms & v]m94 ,& ,pratts ,hog ,tonic us$ to keep ! hogs 9 p]fect condition inside4 ,if sickness appe>s 9 ! h]d ! unaffect$ hogs %\ld at once be remov$ to clean1 dis9fect$ qu>t]s1 pref]ably )\t mu* range1 = by runn+ ov] pa/ures !y may come 9 contact ) contagion4 ,_! fe$ %\ld be c>efully regulat$1 &1 if !y h previ\sly be5 on pa/ure1 %\ld include "s gre5 fe$1 roots1 or an abundance ( skim milk4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,bani% ,,hog ,,v]m9 ,,& ,,diseases ,to make a success ( hog rais+1 dipp+ is almo/ z ess5tial z fe$+4 ,at lea/ x is second only to prop] fe$+4 ,lice & v]m91 ! com=t-de/roy]s & pr(it-r$uc]s1 & ! g]ms :i* cause *ol]a & tub]culosis1 are ext]m9at$ by ! regul> use ( ,,pratts ,,dip ,,& ,,dis9fectant ,put ! hogs & pigs ?r\gh ! dipp+ vat & spray ! qu>t]s & fe$ receptacles occasionally ) a /rong solution ( ! orig9al ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant4 ,result--com=table1 v]m9-free & disease-free hogs1 less loss1 m pork1 m money4 ,illu/ration3 ,pratts ,animal ,dip ,!re are o!r dips t look l ! orig9al ,pratts1 b !y are n ! same 9 effici5cy4 ,refuse ! sub/itutes4 ,use ,pratts1 ! dip y c dep5d ^u4 ,x co/s no m b x's wor? m6 ,y be ! judge-- ,,y\r ,,money ,,back ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,n ,,satisfi$ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! qu>t]s 9 :i* ! sickness fir/ appe>$ %\ld be ?or\ghly clean$1 all b$d+ & rubbi% burn$1 & loose bo>ds & old p>titions torn out & burn$4 ,if ! p5 is old1 knock x to pieces & burn x4 ,dis9fect p5s & sleep+ places us+ ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant on ! floors1 walls & ceil+s4 ,:itewa% ev]y?+4 ,if a hog dies f any cause1 ! c>cass %\ld nev] be expos$ :]e x may be dev\r$ by ! o!r hogs or by pass+ birds or bea/s1 b %\ld be burn$ at once or buri$ deeply & ! p5s ?or\ghly dis9fect$ imm$iately4 ,if possible1 d n move ! c>cass f ! place :]e x falls2 b if ?is _c be done ! gr\nd ov] :i* x is dragg$ %\ld be dis9fect$4 ,hog-*ol]a bacilli c live 9 ! gr\nd = at lea/ ?ree mon?s4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to ma9ta9 an absolute qu>ant9e betwe5 ! sick & well hogs4 ,! same att5dant %\ld n c>e = bo? lots unless he dis9fects himself ?or\ghly aft] ea* visit to ! infect$ hogs4 ,dogs %\ld be conf9$ until ! disease is /amp$ out4 ,treatm5t ( hogs suff]+ f *ol]a or sw9e plague is n always satisfactory4 ,! disease runs its c\rse s rapidly t curative measures are m or less ineffectual1 & prev5tion ( an outbreak %\ld be reli$ ^u r ?an ! cure ( sick animals4 ,pratts ,hog ,tonic has be5 successful 9 less virul5t outbreaks :5 adm9i/]$ z soon z signs ( sickness are %[n4 ,pratts ,hog ,tonic %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! fe$1 :i* %\ld be s(t1 made ( bran & middl+s1 corn meal & middl+s1 corn meal & gr\nd & sift$ oats1 or cru%$ :eat1 mix$ ) hot wat]4 ,if ! hogs are too sick to come to ! fe$1 ! tonic %\ld be giv5 z a dr5*4 ,pull ! *eek away f ! tee? & p\r ! mixture 9 sl[ly4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$1 z hogs are easily suffocat$ by dr5*+4 ,d n turn a hog on its back to dr5* x4 ,hogs (t5 suff] v mu* f v]m94 ,lice are introduc$ f neighbor+ h]ds1 & ! losses 9 fe$+ are (t5 sev]e1 especially among "y pigs1 :5 dea? is sometimes a second>y if n an imm$iate result4 ,:5 v num]\s1 lice are a v s]i\s dra9 on vitality1 fatt5+ is prev5t$1 & 9 case ( exposure to disease ! l\sy hogs are mu* m liable to contract & succumb to x4 ,newly pur*as$ hogs %\ld be c>efully exam9$ = v]m91 & !y %\ld n be turn$ out ) ! h]d until !y are kn[n to be free f ^! pe/s4 ,:5 ! h]d is f\nd to be badly infe/$ ) lice all b$d+ %\ld be burn$ & loose bo>ds & p>titions torn out4 ,old bo>ds & rubbi% %\ld be burn$4 ,! qu>t]s %\ld !n be ?or\ghly dis9fect$ by spray+ ) ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant4 ,v]m9 are mo/ common ar\nd ! e>s1 inside ! legs1 & 9 ! folds ( ! sk9 on ! j[l sides & flanks4 ,9 light & isolat$ cases !y may be de/roy$ by wa%+ ! hogs ) ,pratts ,dip & ,dis9fectant1 prop]ly dilut$1 appli$ ) a broom4 ,9 sev]e cases1 h[ev]1 especially :]e ! :ole h]d is affect$1 ?or\gh spray+ or dipp+ %\ld be resort$ to4 ,9 ?is case a dipp+ tank w be a great conv5i5ce4 ,:5ev] any animals are br\ght to ! f>m1 or :5 animals are br\ght home f %[s or f neighbor+ f>ms1 !y %\ld be kept ap>t f ! re/ ( ! h]d = at lea/ ?ree weeks4 ,if !y h be5 expos$ to hog *ol]a or sw9e plague ! diseases w be manife/$ )9 ?is "t1 & ! sick animals c be treat$ or kill$ & dispos$ ( at once4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,galway1 ,n4,y4 ,i b\ght two spr+ pigs ! #ae? ( ,april & began fe$+ !m ,pratts ,animal ,regulator until ! #ae? ( ,decemb] :5 ,i but*]$ !m4 ,"o weigh$ #dae p\nds1 ! o!r #dbj p\nds4 ,i "k ?is ,regulator does :at y claim x to d4 ,,baldw9 ,o',,brey4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,if *ol]a breaks out 9 ! neighborhood ! f>m] %\ld ma9ta9 a /rict qu>ant9e aga9/ ! infect$ h]ds4 ,he %\ld refra9 f visits to f>ms :]e !y are locat$1 & %\ld insi/ on requir+ t 8 neighbors /ay out ( 8 hog lots4 ,visit+ ( all k9ds at ?is "t %\ld be c>efully re/rict$4 ,dogs1 cats1 cr[s1 & buzz>ds are v active c>ri]s ( infection f f>m to f>m1 & %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/ z f> z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s ,,common ,,diseases ,,( ,,sw9e 7,symptoms & ,treatm5t7 ,di>rhoea or ,sc\rs ,cause4--,by milk ( ! dam be+ affect$ by fe$+ ( food ta9t$ ) ! elem5ts ( decay2 by mak+ a sudd5 *ange 9 ! food2 by "s disord]$ condition 9 ! heal? ( ! s[1 & by excess ( milk furni%$ by ! dam4 ,usually occurs be=e ! wean+ /age1 z a rule 9 sw9e n yet t5 days old4 ,symptoms4--,v s(t condition ( ! void+s :i* are sometimes almo/ wat]y4 ,treatm5t4--,be+ highly contagi\s1 spray ! floor ?or\ghly ) ,pratts ,dis9fectant4 ,keep ! "y sw9e com=table & remove ! void+s c>efully two or ?ree times a day4 ,correct ! food giv5 ! dam1 mix+ ,pratts ,hog ,tonic ) h] fe$4 ,also give a small tablespoonful ( sulphur daily to ! s[4 ,hog ,*ol]a & ,sw9e ,plague ,hog ,*ol]a & ,sw9e ,plague are v mu* alike4 ,bo? are *>act]iz$ by inflammation ( /oma* & inte/9es1 enl>g$ & inflam$ lymphatic gl&s & sl\gh+ ( portions ( ! sk94 ,! treatm5t & prev5tive measures are alike 9 _m respects4 ,!y are g]m diseases1 contract$ 9 pur*as+ sw9e :i* may contract ! g]ms :5 9 transit on c>s2 by exhibit+ at fairs2 ?r\gh p]sons :o h visit$ infect$ h]ds2 ?r\gh ! feet ( dogs & birds to :i* ! g]ms may h adh]$2 ?r\gh ! wat] ( an infect$ pond or /ream4 ,! mo/ dang]\s s\rce ( infection by f> is com+ 9 t\* ) diseas$ animals4 ,r$uc$ /am9a & fil?y qu>t]s favor ! spread ( ^! diseases4 ,hog ,*ol]a ,symptoms4--,dullness1 loss ( appetite or deprav$ appetite & a disposition to lie d[n2 con/ipation or di>rhoea2 /iff gait2 r$ spots or blot*es disc]nible ab\t ! e>s & "u ! neck & belly2 9 "s in/ances !re is difficulty 9 brea?+4 ,treatm5t4--,au?orities agree t !re is no kn[n cure = real hog *ol]a4 ,prev5tive measures1 !re=e1 are ( vital importance4 ,pratts ,dis9fectant %\ld be us$ frequ5tly & to build up ! g5]al heal? ( ! hog1 giv+ x full disease-resi/+ p[]1 ,pratts ,hog ,tonic %\ld be add$ to ! ration4 ,besides1 x is a valuable tonic & fatt5]4 ,sw9e ,plague ,symptoms4--,ext5sive inflammation ( ! lungs1 by :i* x c be di/+ui%$ f hog *ol]a4 ,!re is c\gh+ & labor$1 pa9ful & oppress$ brea?+4 ,x frequ5tly comes z a pneumonia or an inflammation ( ! lungs & pleural membrane4 ,! animal is 9 a sleepy & ev5 comatose condition mu* ( ! "t4 ,if x walks x /agg]s4 ,! sk9 r$d5s 9 a m>k$ degree & ! b[els become con/ipat$4 ,?is disease1 ?\gh n ne>ly s common z hog *ol]a is usually v fatal4 ,prev5tive measures1 z indicat$ = hog *ol]a1 are all important4 ,use ,pratts ,hog ,tonic z direct$ & dis9fect ) ,pratts ,dis9fectant4 ,?umps ,cause4--,too lib]al fe$+ & lack ( ex]cise1 result+ 9 poor dige/ion4 ,! diaphragm contracts sudd5ly at irregul> int]vals1 ?us giv+ ! "n to ! disease4 ,! pig becomes un?rifty & /unt$4 ,if ! s[ is a lib]al milk]1 nurs+ pigs may be affect$4 ,treatm5t is usually prev5tive1 consi/+ ( ex]cise & c>eful fe$+1 ,pratts ,hog ,tonic be+ add$ to ! fe$4 ,tub]culosis 9 ,sw9e ,! losses f ?is disease are beg9n+ to assume enorm\s proportions4 ,x results l>gely f sw9e dr9k+ ! milk ( tub]cul\s cattle4 ,symptoms4--,dige/ive disord]s1 su* z di>rhoea & vomit+2 a /unt$ condition & a />+ coat & brea?+ m or less labor$4 ,treatm5t4--,!re is no positive cure = ?is sev]e disease1 b good sanitation is ! be/ prev5tive4 ,use ,pratts ,dis9fectant freely & ma9ta9 heal? & vigor by regul>ly us+ ,pratts ,hog ,tonic4 ,! importance ( te/+ heads ( cattle t may be affect$ ) tub]culosis is ?us fur!r emphasiz$4 ,worms ,!re is p]haps no o!r animal tr\bl$ to s great an ext5t or ) s _m v>ieties ( worms1 z ! hog4 ,inde$ x is almo/ a rule ) "s gr[]s :5 a hog is sick & x _c be told exactly :at is ! matt] t !y doctor = worms4 ,!re are f\r species ( worms t live 9 ! inte/9es ( sw9e1 result+ 9 m or less h>m4 ,! ,common ,r\nd ,worm1 ,p9 ,worm & ,:ip ,worm develop f eggs tak5 9 9 food & wat]4 ,! ,?ornhead$ ,worm develops f a :ite grub :i* sw9e eat4 ,to a great ext5t ^! are kept 9 *eck by ,pratts ,hog ,tonic4 ,z prev5tive measures1 dra9 /agnant pools & wet places :]e ^! eggs may be f\nd2 pl\gh up y>ds & pa/ures2 d n fe$ on floors n prop]ly clean$1 or on gr\nd t may h be5 mu* us$ = su* fe$+2 d n give wat] f a deep well1 d n all[ ! sw9e to wall[ 9 ! dr9k+ tr\gh4 ,symptoms4--,frequ5tly a glutton\s appetite )\t correspond+ improvem5t 9 fle%4 ,aga9 a mu* impair$ appetite is f\nd2 di>rhoea or con/ipation2 excessive it*+1 caus+ ! animal to rub1 especially ! h9d p>ts4 ,^! symptoms w only exi/ :5 worms are pres5t 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,treatm5t4--,give ea* adult hog "o heap+ tablespoonful ( ,pratts ,worm ,p[d] ) ! fe$ once a day = f\r days4 ,aft] ! la/ dose give a bran ma% to loos5 b[els4 ,repeat ?is treatm5t two weeks aft] ! fir/ to insure kill+ any worms :i* may h hat*$ 9 ! meantime4 ,ev5 if y are n sure t y\r hogs h worms--z !y probably h--y %\ld use ,pratts ,worm ,p[d] z above z a matt] ( precaution4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,woodsboro1 ,md4 ,i b\ght f\r pigs1 f\r mon?s' old1 weigh+ ab\t #af p\nds ea*1 &1 9 bad condition4 ,began to fe$ ,pratts ,animal ,regulator & at #e mon?s' old !y av]ag$ a ga9 ( "o p\nd a day p] pig4 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,holbrun]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,c>e ( ,p\ltry ,,p\ltry ,"o hundr$ h5s on e f>m 0 ! small numb] set by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 its great w> drive = increas$ production ( foods4 ,& c]ta9ly ?is numb] ( f[ls1 & _m m1 c be easily & pr(itably ma9ta9$ on ! av]age f>m4 ,easily1 because "u free range conditions1 :i* are possible on ! f>m !y require b little att5tion4 ,pr(itably1 because "u ^! conditions1 :]e !y pick up mu* ( _! liv+1 ! co/ ( production is comp>atively l[1 :ile eggs & fle% sell at good prices4 ,fur!r1 ^! delici\s & nutriti\s foods add v>iety to ! f>m table4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b>r$ ,,plym\? ,,rocks ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,s\? ,ea/on1 ,mass4 ,i h us$ ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator regul>ly4 ,! egg record = #ijj f[ls = five mon?s ! pa/ w9t] 0 z foll[s3 ,dec41 #ej2 ,jan41 #dc2 ,feb41 #ee2 ,m>*1 #fi2 ,april1 #fi4 ,! l[] record ( ,janu>y 0 caus$ by "s pullets m\lt+4 ,w\ld say t f]tility ( eggs av]ag$ #hg 9 ,decemb] to ov] #ij lat] 9 ! spr+4 ,j4,h4 ,,rank94 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,_m a f>m]'s wife f9ds h] p\ltry flock a nev]-fail+ s\rce ( p9 money4 ,_m a f>m girl & boy h secur$ _! education f fai?fully sav+ ! egg-money4 ,& ! opportunities = pr(it 9 ?is l9e are n[ great] ?an ev] be=e4 ,helps = ,p\ltrym5 ,9 a %ort *apt] 9 a g5]al publication ( ?is k9d x is impossible to g into ! f9] details ( mod]n me?ods ( p\ltry husb&ry4 ,= ^? :o desire m in=mation on ?is subject we h a big #afj-page book1 pages #fx#i in*es 9 size1 fully illu/rat$ ) #aej photos & draw+s4 ,! title is ,! ,p\ltryman's ,complete ,h&book4 ,x's wor? a doll>1 b we w s5d y a copy1 prepaid1 = only t5 c5ts 9 /amps or silv]4 ,address y\r reque/ to ,pratt ,food ,co41 ,philadelphia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite ,,wy&ottes ,pratts ,p\ltry ,s]vice ,dep>tm5t is ma9ta9$ to give exp]t in=mation & advice on p\ltry topics4 ,!re is no *>ge = ?is s]vice4 ,:5ev] y get puzzl$1 write ,pratts exp]ts4 ,!y w s5d y a prompt p]sonal reply conta9+ ! in=mation y desire4 ,no *>ge1 no obligation4 ,address su* lett]s to ,p\ltry ,s]vice ,dep>tm5t1 ,pratt ,food ,co41 ,philadelphia4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4,c4 ,,:ite ,,leghorns ,bre$s ( ,p\ltry ,reg>dless ( bre$+ & appe>ance1 a heavy lay] is a good h5 to own4 ,& lay+ ability is n conf9$ to any "o bre$ or class ( f[ls4 ,!re are exceptional lay]s1 dep5dable pr(it-pay]s1 9 practically e fair-siz$ flock1 :e!r made up ( /&>d-br$ /ock or mongrels4 ,z a g5]al rule1 h[ev]1 /&>d-br$ birds are be/4 ,by t t]m we mean ^? :i* h be5 br$ to meet ! typical bre$ & v>iety descriptions z appe>+ 9 ! (ficial ,/&>d ( ,p]fection :i* is publi%$ by ! ,am]ican ,p\ltry ,association4 ,su* a flock is b\nd to be uni=m 9 size1 appe>ance & g5]al *>act]i/ics1 is easi] to manage prop]ly because ( its uni=mity1 & its products1 bo? eggs & table p\ltry1 w also be uni=m4 ,fur!r ! income f su* a flock may be increas$ ?r\gh ! sale ( eggs = hat*+ & ( bre$+ /ock at prices _m times great] ?an ^? ( table eggs & p\ltry4 ,no matt] :at bre$ y select1 ! mo/ important matt]1 ! v f\ndation ( success1 is ! secur+ ( individual birds :i* are /rong1 /urdy1 vigor\s & heal?y4 ,only /ock ( high vitality c be dep5d$ ^u to give cont9u\sly good results4 ,x is "t & money wa/$ to keep f[ls :i* are weak1 sickly or run-d[n1 ! result ( improp] bre$+ or managem5t4 ,z a rule1 x is be/ to select t bre$ :i* is mo/ popul> locally1 because su* popul>ity indicates t ! bre$ 9 "q ?rives "u local conditions & meets ! requirem5ts ( ! local m>kets4 ,fur!r1 "o has great] opportunities ( secur+ good birds & a l>g] m>ket = hat*+ eggs & /ock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rhode ,,isl& ,,r$s ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,clemson ,college1 ,s4,c4 ,we h be5 us+ ,pratts ,baby ,*ick ,food & are v well pleas$ ) x4 ,i ?9k t x is ! be/ baby *ick ma% on ! m>ket today4 ,,frank ,c4 ,,h>e1 ,pr(4 ( ,p\ltry ,husb&ry4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,among ! f>m]s ^: m>kets dem& :ite-%ell$ eggs1 ! ,s4,c4 ,:ite ,leghorn is ! mo/ popul> f[l4 ,! ,black ,m9orca is ano!r favorite4 ,x produces ! l>ge/ :ite eggs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tolman ,,type ,,h\se ,:]e br[n-%ell$ eggs are want$1 ! ,plym\? ,rock1 ,wy&otte1 ,rhode ,isl& ,r$ & ,orp+ton lead4 ,& = ! production ( ! l>ge/ table c>casses ! ,light ,brahma1 ei!r pure or cross$ ) a m active bre$1 is a favorite4 ,! live weights ( adult birds ( ^! bre$s are z foll[s3 ,bre$4 ,cock4 ,h54 ,leghorns #e #a_/b lbs4 #d lbs4 ,black ,m9orcas #i lbs4 #g #a_/b lbs4 ,plym\? ,rocks #i #a_/b lbs4 #g #a_/b lbs4 ,wy&ottes #h #a_/b lbs4 #f #a_/b lbs4 ,rhode ,isl& ,r$s #h #a_/b lbs4 #f #a_/b lbs4 ,orp+tons #aj lbs4 #h lbs4 ,light ,brahmas #ab lbs4 #i #a_/b lbs4 ,mo/ ( ^! bre$s h v>ieties1 det]m9$ by color ( plumage or %ape ( comb4 ,select t "o :i* be/ pleases y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,unev5 ,,span ,,ro( ,,h\se ,p\ltry ,h\ses ,:5 locat+ ! p\ltry h\se rememb] t x is a great advantage to h soil :i* is light & naturally well dra9$1 s9ce su* soil dries (f quickly aft] a ra9 & is mu* w>m]1 z p\ltrym5 express x4 ,heavy soil1 ev5 /iff clay1 may be made to s]ve ! purpose admirably if provision is made to dra9 (f all surface wat]4 ,b avoid a site on :i* wat] settles 9 pools1 z ! surface soon becomes fil?y & is a m5ace to ! heal? ( ! flock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,new ,,j]sey ,,multiple ,,unit ,,h\se ,two units comb9$ to h\se two hundr$ f[ls ,! birds %\ld h ! b5efit ( sev]al h\rs ( sun%9e ea* day4 ,s locate ! p\ltry h\se :]e ! sun c /rike x freely4 ,! %elt] ( tall build+s on ! nor?1 or ev5 on ! ea/ or we/1 is frequ5tly an advantage dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 b ! s\? side %\ld be op5 if conditions p]mit4 ,%ade trees & l>ge %rubs ab\t ! h\se are a s\rce ( com=t to ! f[ls dur+ hot wea!r & may be us$ to scre5 or p>tially hide ! p\ltry plant4 ,! p\ltry h\se mu/ be dry1 well-v5tilat$1 free f draughts1 light1 sunny & *e]ful4 ,& if x is plann$ ) ref]5ce to ! conv5i5ce ( ! p\ltryman1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,! mo/ simple & inexp5sive =m ( con/ruction %\ld be us$4 ,9 all sections ( ! c\ntry1 except+ ! extreme nor?1 a s+le wall ( mat*$ bo>ds on a light frame is p]fectly satisfactory4 ,unmat*$ bo>ds ) batt5s nail$ ov] ! cracks or a lay] ( lightweight ro(+ pap] ov] all are equally good4 ,9 fact1 9 case ( necessity1 "o may use ! r\ghe/ ( lumb]1 & by cov]+ ! entire /ructure ) ro(+ pap] make a build+ :i* is tight & com=table & acceptable 9 appe>ance4 ,! re> & end walls & ro( mu/ be tight to insure dryness & prev5t all draughts4 ,w9d[s & doors may be plac$ 9 end walls1 b ^! %\ld usually be locat$ =w>d ( ! c5t] ( ! build+ & made to fit snugly4 ,! re> "p ( ! h\se1 :]e ! roo/s are locat$1 mu/ at all co/s be protect$ aga9/ cross-curr5ts ( air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,roo/ ,! s\? or front walls1 on ! o!r h&1 %\ld h ample op5+s to admit air & sun%9e4 ,! op5-front or fre%-air type ( h\se is mu* sup]ior to ! old tightly clos$ type4 ,pl5ty ( fre% air means com=t1 heal?1 vitality & increas$ production4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,pratts ,,makes ,,h5s ,,lay ,:at is ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator8 ,a positive tonic & condition] = p\ltry ( all k9ds & ages4 ,a heal?-build] & heal?-pres]v]4 ,n a food4 ,:at does x conta98 ,roots1 h]bs1 spices1 m9]al sub/ances1 etc4 ,ea* +r$i5t p]=ms a c]ta9 duty4 ,! comb9ation spells heal? insurance4 ,:at does x d8 ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator makes & keeps p\ltry heal?y1 vigor\s & productive4 ,x %ort5s ! molt1 %>p5s ! appetite1 improves dige/ion & circulation1 ha/5s gr[? & increases egg-production4 ,x saves fe$ by prev5t+ wa/e due to poor dige/ion4 ,x prev5ts disease by keep+ ! birds 9 condition to resi/ ! common ailm5ts4 ,has x be5 fully te/$8 ,yes6 ,9 g5]al use = ne>ly fifty ye>s4 ,! orig9al p\ltry condition]4 ,imitat$1 b unequall$4 ,does x give g5]al satisfaction8 ,positively6 ,satisfaction gu>ante$ or money refund$4 ,te/ x at our risk4 ,increas$ egg production w prove t ,pratts makes h5s lay4 ,h[ is x be/ us$8 ,daily 9 small quantities4 ,= adults1 tablespoonful daily = #aj birds4 ,y\ng] /ock 9 proportion4 ,mix ) dry or moi/ ma%4 ,:at does x co/8 ,no?+1 because x pays big pr(its4 ,ab\t a c5t a mon? p] h5 is ! inve/m5t requir$4 ,:]e c ,i get x8 ,f #fj1jjj ,pratt deal]s4 ,!re is "o ne> y4 ,direct f ! ,pratt ,food ,co41 prepaid1 if y\r deal] c't supply y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pratts ,,egg ,,produc] ,illu/ration3 ,,pratts ,,p\ltry ,,regulator ,,y\r ,,money ,,back ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,n ,,satisfi$ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,c9c9nati1 ,o4 ,i h be5 us+ y\r p\ltry foods & rem$ies ) ! be/ ( satisfaction & results = ! la/ t5 ye>s4 ,,fr$ ,o4 ,,flah]ty4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,simple ,a-,,%ap$ ,,h\se ,f a qu>t] to a ?ird ( ! front wall %\ld be left op54 ,cov] ! op5+s ) "o-in* me% wire nett+ to keep ! f[ls 9 & repel all enemies & food-seek+ sp>r[s4 ,clo?-cov]$ frames %\ld be provid$ to close ^! op5+s & keep out driv+ /orms4 ,! clo?1 %\ld be op5 9 texture1 z co>se cotton or heavy *eese clo?1 n bo>dy & air-tight4 ,frames may be left loose to hook or button on inside or outside1 or h+$ to ! top ( ! op5+s & swung up aga9/ ! ro( :5 n 9 use4 ,9 "s cases1 z 9 ! ,tolman h\se1 ^! op5+s are nev] clos$1 day or night1 summ] or w9t]4 ,x is advisable to provide "o or m glass w9d[s 9 addition to ! op5+s ref]r$ to above 9 ord] to admit light :5 ! clo?-cov]$ frames are clos$4 ,! w9d[s may be plac$ 9 ei!r ! front wall or ! side walls4 ,9 ! latt] case ! sun is admitt$ to ! build+ m h\rs ea* day1 :i* is a big advantage dur+ ! fall & w9t] mon?s4 ,p\ltry h\se floors may be ( cem5t1 bo>ds or e>?4 ,cem5t is be/ = l>ge1 p]man5t /ructures4 ,bo>d floors are excell5t 9 h\ses ( any size & are almo/ a necessity 9 small ones :i* may be mov$ frequ5tly4 ,e>? floors seem to be favor$ by ! f[ls1 b if us$ ! e>? %\ld be fill$ 9 to br+ ! floor level sev]al in*es above ! surr\nd+ gr\nd4 ,?is to insure dryness4 ,! accompany+ cuts %[ typical designs ( satisfactory p\ltry h\ses4 ,:5 build+1 j be> ! above pr9ciples 9 m9d & ! results w be satisfactory4 ,! ,tolman type is a /rictly fre% air or op5 front h\se4 ,= a flock ( ?irty to =ty birds ?is h\se %\ld be t5 feet wide1 sixte5 feet front to back1 sev5 feet to peak ( ro(1 front wall f\r feet & re> wall five feet high4 ,! highe/ po9t ( ro( is five feet f ! re> wall4 ,! entire s\? side is a wire-cov]$ op5+1 save = bo>ds plac$ z %[n 9 ! cut4 ,a full-siz$ door is locat$ 9 ! ea/ wall opposite ! w9d[ 9 ! we/ side4 ,roo/s are plac$ ne> ! nor? wall1 level ) or slightly above ! front op5+4 ,illu/ration3 ,v-,,%ap$ ,,fe$ ,,tr\gh ,illu/ration3 ,,ne/ ,,box ,illu/ration3 ,,dry ,,ma% ,,hopp] ,illu/ration3 ,,grit ,,or ,,%ell ,,hopp] ,illu/ration3 ,,wat] ,,bucket ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,port ,dov]1 ,canada4 ,aft] a long exp]i5ce ,i f9d ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator to be absolutely ! be/ tonic to keep a flock ( p\ltry 9 condition4 ,j z soon z ,i f9d a p5 is n do+ well1 ,i use ! ,regulator 9 _! ma%4 ,almo/ imm$iately ,i notice _! appetites improve1 _! combs r$d5 & !y lay bett]4 ,i h also made trial ( y\r o!r rem$ies & ,i f9d !m all absolutely reliable4 ,,john ,s4 ,,m>t9 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,= a flock ( "o hundr$ or m birds ! ,new ,j]sey ,multiple ,unit ,lay+ ,h\se is to be recomm5d$4 ,ea* unit is tw5ty feet squ>e1 accommodat+ a hundr$ f[ls4 ,simil> units may be add$ = ea* hundr$ additional birds4 ,! draw+ on page #dh %[s two units4 ,9 ?is h\se ! front /uds are n9e feet high1 re> /uds are f\r & a half feet high4 ,simple1 inexp5sive furni%+s are be/4 ,! cuts %[ home-made equipm5t :i* w meet all practical requirem5ts4 ,gett+ ! ,eggs ,e>ly-hat*$1 well-matur$ pullets are ! mo/ dep5dable lay]s dur+ ! fall & e>ly w9t] mon?s4 ,"s few ye>l+ h5s may cont9ue to lay fairly well dur+ _! molt+ p]iod1 b1 z a rule1 egg production drops ) ! fea!rs & does n beg9 until ! new coat ( plumage is complet$ & ! sy/em readju/$4 ,s ye>l+s1 tak5 z a :ole1 d little t[>d fill+ ! egg-basket until ,janu>y or lat]4 ,get ! e>ly-hat*$ pullets into w9t] qu>t]s by late ,septemb] or e>ly ,octob] be=e !y beg9 to lay4 ,b be sure ! h\se is fully prep>$ 9 advance4 ,clean h\se6 ,dis9fect ?or\ghly ) a /rong solution ( ,pratts ,p\ltry ,dis9fectant4 ,kill e g]m4 ,avoid possible loss4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,*]okee1 ,i[a4 ,i h us$ ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator = ! la/ tw5ty ye>s & always _h ! be/ ( results4 ,x is a great egg produc] & ! be/ fe$ to keep little *icks /rong & gu>d (f t t]rible disease1 b[el compla9t4 ,9 fact1 ,i _c d )\t x4 ,,geo4 ,,wm4 ,,lyon4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,get ,fall & ,w9t] ,eggs ,x is mo/ desirable t ! flock beg9 egg production be=e ! wea!r becomes sev]e4 ,get ! lay+ habit e/abli%$ :ile ! season is favorable1 & x is comp>atively easy to ma9ta9 x4 ,&1 z production w n comm5ce until ! lay]s are fully matur$1 ! pullets mu/ be hat*$ e>ly to give ample "t = !m to make ! ne$$ gr[?4 ,z a rule1 x takes ab\t sev5 mon?s to mature pullets ( ! g5]al purpose bre$s & six mon?s = ! egg bre$s4 ,!re=e1 ,m>* & ,april *icks ( ! =m]1 & ,april & ,may *icks ( ! latt]1 are mo/ valuable4 ,?is is a g5]al rule4 ,"s p\ltrym5 are exp]ts 9 ?is matt] ( gr[+ *icks & c br+ !m to lay+ maturity 9 less "t4 ,if disease appe>s take in/ant action to *eck x4 ,delay ( a day or two may p]mit an epidemic to get well />t$4 ,9 ord] to enable y to give prop] treatm5t )\t delay y may well keep a /ock ( ,pratts ,p\ltry ,rem$ies on h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,apply+ ,,lice ,,p[d] ,give e bird a ?or\gh treatm5t = lice4 ,"w ,pratts ,p[d]$ ,lice ,kill] all ?r\gh ! plumage4 ,?is w fix ! lice1 b w n kill ! eggs4 ,9 anticipation ( ! latt] hat*+1 rub ,pratts ,lice ,salve 9 ! small fea!rs ab\t ! v5t & b5ea? ! w+s4 ,t means dea? to ! "y lice z !y appe>1 b to make sure1 apply ! salve at int]vals ( a few weeks4 ,don't ov]cr[d ! h\se4 ,bett] h a hundr$ h5s com=table & lay+ ?an d\ble ! numb] cr[d$ & loaf+4 ,leave all v5tilat+ op5+s wide op54 ,keep !m op5 until w9t] /orms make m protection necess>y4 ,dur+ ! summ] mon?s ! pullets h _h pl5ty ( fre% air4 ,to br+ !m into a w>m1 tightly clos$ h\se is to invite g5]al debility & an epidemic ( colds1 cat>rh1 r\p & o!r alli$ diseases4 7,pratts ,r\p ,rem$y dissolv$ 9 ! dr9k+ wat] e few days1 especially dur+ *anges ( wea!r1 w help to prev5t su* tr\bles47 ,keep ! h\se clean4 ,remove ! litt] f ! floor z soon z x becomes damp or soil$ & replace ) new1 fre% mat]ial4 ,clean ! dropp+s bo>ds at frequ5t int]vals4 ,wa% ) ,pratts ,p\ltry ,dis9fectant or scald ! food & wat] di%es4 ,dis9fect ! :ole h\se e few weeks1 tak+ advantage ( sunny wea!r s quick dry+ w foll[4 ,disease causes loss--dis9fection prev5ts disease4 ,!re=e1 ,,dis9fect :e!r y see ne$ ( x or n4 ,p\ltry ,fe$+ ,! m food ! birds eat beyond bodily requirem5ts ! great] ! am\nt ( ! salable products !y create4 ,any h5 t is a natural lay] w turn ! surplus food into eggs4 ,if %e is naturally a meat produc] %e w build fle% or take on fat4 ,& ! soon] ! fat produc]s are id5tifi$ & remov$ f ! lay+ flock1 ! bett] = all conc]n$4 ,y\r birds w n get too fat to lay--!y w get fat if !y don't lay4 ,& ! big problem is to induce ! lay]s to eat z mu* food z !y c dige/ 9 ord] t !y may lay heavily & /eadily4 ,to ov]come all possible dang] ( ov]fe$+1 ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator %\ld be regul>ly add$ to ! ma%4 ,?is natural tonic & condition] conta9s appetiz]s1 to /imulate ! desire = food--dige/ives1 to insure complete dige/ion & assimilation ( ! food consum$--laxatives1 to regulate ! b[els--int]nal antiseptics1 to keep ! entire dige/ive tract 9 a condition ( p]fect heal?--worm de/roy]s1 to expel irritat+ & dang]\s inte/9al p>asites4 ,regul>ly us$1 ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator insures fre$om f ! m common p\ltry disord]s1 r$uces fe$ bills by prev5t+ fe$ wa/e due to sluggi% dige/ion1 ha/5s gr[?1 improves ! egg-yield1 %ort5s ! molt1 makes ! entire flock m effici5t1 swells ! pr(its4 ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator %\ld be add$ to ! ma% at ! rate ( "o & ?ree-qu>t]s p\nd to ea* hundr$ p\nds ( ma%4 ,mix ?or\ghly s ea* lay] w get h] %>e4 ,! ideal p\ltry ration is a v>i$ "o4 ,x conta9s m9]al matt]1 gre5 food1 animal food & gra9s4 ,! abs5ce ( any "o ( ^! gr\ps ( food/uffs means a r$uc$ egg yield4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,i am bo? sell+ & fe$+ ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator1 & make a specialty ( high-br$ ,buff ,orp+tons4 ,twelve cock]els1 wor? f #bj to #ge ea*1 7 all plac$ 9 heal?y condition by use ( ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator & _! qu>t]s dis9fect$ ) ,pratts ,dis9fectant4 ,w4,h4 ,,topp1 ,we/gate1 ,i[a4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,! /aple gra9 fe$s are corn1 oats1 :eat1 b>ley & buck:eat4 ,! gra9 by-products1 bran1 middl+s & glut5 fe$1 to :i* may be add$ corn meal1 gr\nd oats & gr\nd b>ley4 ,animal food ( "s k9d is an ess5tial to gr[? & egg-production4 ,skim milk & butt] milk1 fi% scrap made f oil-free fi%1 beef scrap1 fre% cut gre5 bone & good grades ( dige/] tankage are all excell5t4 ,b use only fe$s ( ?is "* :i* are ( prime quality4 ,oily fi%1 poor beef scrap & m\ldy gre5 bone w surely cause tr\ble4 ,f[ls on range dur+ ! gr[+ season w pick up all ne$$ gre5 food4 ,9 ! w9t] "o may fe$ cabbages1 mangel wurtzels1 beets1 c>rots1 etc4 ,or1 if fre% /uff is n available1 heavy oats may be spr\t$ & f$ :5 ! spr\ts are two or ?ree in*es long4 ,dri$ beet pulp1 a dairy food made at beet sug> factories1 is a conv5i5t gre5 food4 ,x mu/ be well soak$ be=e fe$+4 ,"o saves mu* "t1 & n infrequ5tly "s money1 by buy+ ready-mix$ fe$s1 especially dry ma%4 ,91 mak+ su* pur*ases1 be guid$ by quality r ?an price4 ,adopt "s br& made by a reputable conc]n & give x a fair trial4 ,b d n hesitate to *ange if a bett] br& becomes available4 ,j try ,pratts ,milk ,egg ,ma%4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,k+/on1 ,r4,i4 ,i h us$ y\r ,baby ,*ick ,food ) ! be/ success & w\ld gladly recomm5d x to anyone want+ su* food4 ,i d n only use x = baby *icks1 b = ^? #e-g weeks' ( age4 ,c4,e4 ,,brett1 ,rhode ,isl& ,/ate ,college ,dept4 ( ,p\ltry ,s]vice4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,fe$+ ,dry ,ma% ,! mo/ simple & g5]ally satisfactory fe$+ me?od is ! dry ma% sy/em4 ,fe$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( ! scrat* mixture--:ole & crack$ gra9s--ea* day & p]mit ! f[ls to complete ! daily ration by eat+ dry ma%--gr\nd gra9s--at w4 ,keep ma% be=e !m 9 op5 hopp]s & let !m help !mselves4 ,! ma%1 because ( its high prote9 cont5t1 is ! real egg-mak]4 ,& dur+ rec5t ye>s !re has be5 a t5d5cy t[>d re/rict+ ! scrat* fe$ & induc+ ! lay]s to eat m ma%4 ,results seem to indicate t ?is plan is be/1 increas+ ! yield & r$uc+ fe$ co/s4 ,! lay+ ration n[ recomm5d$ by ! ,new ,j]sey ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation is simple & effici5t4 ,?is ration is made z foll[s3 ,dry ,ma% lbs4 ,:eat ,bran #ajj ,:eat ,middl+s #ajj ,gr\nd ,oats 7heavy7 #ajj ,corn ,meal #ajj ,high-grade ,fi% ,scrap or ,meat ,scrap #ajj ,scrat* ,gra9 lbs4 ,crack$ ,corn #bjj ,:eat #ajj ,oats 7heavy7 #ajj ,b>ley #ajj ,! same in/itution has p]fect$ ! foll[+ fe$+ table %[+ :at am\nt ( scrat* fe$ %\ld be giv5 ! lay]s daily ea* mon? 9 ! ye>4 ,?is is a mo/ valuable guide1 especially to ! inexp]i5c$ p\ltryman4 ,:5 ! birds are f$ scrat* gra91 z indicat$1 !y w naturally eat en\gh ma% f ! op5 hopp]s to meet _! requirem5ts4 ,am\nt ( ,gra9 to ,fe$ ,lay]s ,ea* ,mon? 9 ! ,ye> ,mon?s ,am\nt ,p] ,day ,p] ,p\nds ,= ,ea* #ajj ,birds ,fe$+ ,a4,m4 ,p4,m4 ,novemb] #ab lbs4 #d lbs4 #h lbs4 ,decemb] #ab #d #h ,janu>y #ab #d #h ,febru>y #ab #d #h ,m>* #ab #d #h ,april #ab #d #h ,may #aj #d #f ,june #aj #d #f ,july #h #c #e ,augu/ #f #b #d ,septemb] #e #b #c ,octob] #e #b #c ,/udy ?is "q ( ma% & gra9 consumption1 = if y\r birds are n gett+ en\gh prote9 ma%1 !y _c lay eggs 9 l>g] numb]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hat*+ ! ,*icks ,= lay]s or broil]s1 hat* *icks e>ly4 ,= late m>kets & home use1 y may br+ (f hat*es at int]vals ?r\gh\t ! entire summ]4 ,! incubator & brood] are big helps :]e _m *icks are hat*$4 ,pratts ,p\ltry ,s]vice ,dep>tm5t w gladly advise y reg>d+ makes ( su* ma*9es :i* are giv+ g5]al satisfaction4 ,j a ^w ( caution4 ,op]ate incubators & brood]s 9 accordance ) ! directions furni%$ by ! mak]4 ,g sl[ 9 mak+ *anges4 ,sitt+ h5s are v satisfactory if prop]ly h&l$4 ,use only quiet1 mo!rly sitt]s & place !m :]e !y w n be tr\bl$ by ! re/ ( ! flock4 ,fe$ :ole gra9 & a little gre5 food & supply pl5ty ( wat]4 ,du/ ! sitt+ h5s occasionally ) ,pratts ,p[d]$ ,lice ,kill] s !y won't hat* a brood ( lice ) ! *icks4 ,& pa9t ! ne/ boxes ) ,pratts ,r$ ,mite ,special to keep ! blood-?ir/y mites away4 ,gr[+ ! ,*icks ,little *icks mu/ be att5d$ to no matt] :at else is done1 because lack ( intellig5t c>e 9 e>ly life w be reflect$ 9 poor p]=mance :5 ! *icks rea* maturity4 ,"o c seldom1 if ev]1 (fset ! mi/akes ( brood+ "t by ! be/ ( att5tion lat] on4 ,protect y\r *icks aga9/ ! wea!r1 aga9/ _! v>i\s enemies1 aga9/ diseases1 aga9/ lice & mites4 ,keep !m com=table & happy4 ,/>t !m "r1 keep !m gr[+ /eadily until !y atta9 _! full size4 ,protection aga9/ unfavorable wea!r conditions--ra91 cold w9ds1 blaz+ sun--is secur$ by provid+ well-built coops & natural or artificial %ade4 ,coops %\ld be wea!r-pro(1 b well v5tilat$1 & s locat$ t surface wat] f sudd5 %[]s _c flood _! floors4 ,!y %\ld also be suffici5tly roomy to keep ! flock happy dur+ long h\rs ( conf9em5t 9 p]iods ( /ormy wea!r4 ,*ick enemies include ^? t d _! "w 9 ! coops1 usually at night1 z rats1 weasels & skunks1 & ^? t prey ^u ! flock :5 x is at lib]ty1 z cats1 dogs1 cr[s & hawks4 ,protection aga9/ ! =m] is f\nd 9 prop] con/ruction ( ! coops1 :i* %\ld h tight floors & f9e wire nett+ ov] op5+s left op5 at night4 ,a good dog w disc\rage ^! night pr[l]s & /eel traps plac$ at /rategic po9ts w (t5 put a quick end to _! activities4 ,protection aga9/ ord9>y diseases lies 9 keep+ ! little birds /rong & vigor\s ?r\gh prop] fe$+1 ex]cise1 etc41 & by close att5tion to sanitation4 ,keep ! qu>t]s & food & wat] di%es clean4 ,use ,pratts ,p\ltry ,dis9fectant at frequ5t int]vals4 ,illu/ration3 ,a-,,%ap$ ,,coop ,aim to prev5t r ?an cure disease4 ,%\ld !re be any evid5ce ( b[el tr\ble1 give ,pratts ,:ite ,di>rhoea ,rem$y 9 ! dr9k+ wat]4 ,don't let ! condition become *ronic or g5]al4 ,9 s\r wea!r1 :5 colds may be expect$ to appe>1 use ,pratts ,r\p ,rem$y 9 ! dr9k+ wat]4 ,lice & mites "w practically unse51 b !y are ! s\rce ( heavy loss1 bo? directly & indirectly4 ,9 extreme cases !y actually kill _m *icks4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,baby ,,food ,,= ,,baby ,,*icks ,pratts ,butt]milk ,baby ,*ick ,food raises e good *ick4 ,x won't prev5t losses f accid5ts1 b x does prev5t dea? f dige/ive tr\bles & ! m common *ick disord]s :i* are s (t5 due to improp] fe$+4 ,! orig9al ,baby ,*ick ,food--,,pratts--conta9s all ! food elem5ts requir$ to build muscle1 bone & fea!r1 to n\ri% ! :ole body1 to give t /rong />t 9 life :i* assures rapid gr[?1 ev5 developm5t & pr(itable maturity4 ,fe$ ! orig9al ,pratts = ! fir/ ?ree weeks--! critical p]iod--at lea/2 x may pr(itably be us$ mu* long]4 ,refuse sub/itutes & imitations4 ,^! may be slightly less 9 fir/ co/1 b 9 results1 z measur$ by numb] & quality ( *icks re>$1 ,pratts ,butt]milk ,baby ,*ick ,food is ,! ,*eape/ ,food on ,e>? ,,y\r ,,money ,,back ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,n ,,satisfi$ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s ,,p\ltry ,e>ly 9 life1 :5 two to f\r days old1 all *icks %\ld be treat$ ) ,pratts ,head ,lice ,o9tm5t4 ,rub a little ( ! mild prep>ation on top ( ! head1 "u ! ?roat & b5ea? ! w+s4 ,at ! same "t du/ ) ,pratts ,p[d]$ ,lice ,kill]4 ,treat ! "m h5s mo/ ?or\ghly1 sub/itut+ ,pratts ,lice ,salve = ! o9tm5t4 ,:5 ! y\ng/]s are t5 days old1 treat !m aga91 ?is "t us+ ! salve4 ,& repeat ! treatm5t at reasonably frequ5t int]vals to insure complete fre$om f ! tr\ble mak]s4 ,! deadly blood-suck+ mites d n live on ! bodies ( ! birds1 b make _! homes 9 cracks & crevices ( walls & floors ( ! coops4 ,attack !m !re4 ,clean coops c>efully1 !n spray or wa% walls & floors ) ,pratts ,r$ ,mite ,special4 ,repeat z necess>y4 ,t w fix 'em4 ,b y _h be/ d ! "w on a bright1 sunny day :5 ! flock c be kept outside until ! coop dries4 ,fe$+ ! ,*icks ,d n fe$ *icks = =ty-eight h\rs aft] hat*+4 ,9 fact1 y may safely wait until !y are sev5ty-two h\rs old be=e giv+ !m _! fir/ meal4 ,nature has provid$ = n\ri%m5t dur+ ?is p]iod & x is be/ n to upset ?+s4 ,if possible1 />t ! y\ng/]s (f on _! life's j\rney ) a dr9k ( s\r milk4 ,let !m h s\r milk to dr9k exclusively = ! fir/ t5 days at lea/1 & give x to !m all ?r\gh life1 if ?is excell5t food dr9k is available4 ,! pr9cipal fe$ = ! fir/ ?ree weeks & pr(itably = a mu* long] "t %\ld be ,pratts ,butt]milk ,baby ,*ick ,food1 a real baby food = baby *icks1 a mixture :i* is prop]ly balanc$ 9 composition & 9 ! "r me*anical condition to insure quick dige/ion4 ,z *icks eat s little dur+ ?is p]iod1 z measur$ by p\nds1 "o is fully ju/ifi$ 9 pay+ a relatively high price p] p\nd = ?is special fe$ :i* w give !m a /rong1 vigor\s />t & put _! dige/ive organs 9 prop] condition to effici5tly use less exp5sive foods :5 food consumption becomes heavy4 ,! ideal baby *ick food1 ,pratts1 is made ( a v>iety ( food/uffs s bl5d$ z to supply1 9 prop] proportion1 ! nutri5ts requir$ to build fle%1 bone & fea!r4 ,x is gr\nd exce$+ly f9e s x may be consum$ freely & yet n tax ! dige/ive organs4 ,obvi\sly su* a fe$ _c satisfactorily be prep>$ at home1 :i* expla9s ! rapidly gr[+ dem& :i* has aris5 = ,pratts ,butt]milk ,baby ,*ick ,food dur+ rec5t ye>s4 ,= ! fir/ day or two1 fe$ ,pratts ,butt]milk ,baby ,*ick ,food exclusively at int]vals ( two to ?ree h\rs4 ,at fir/1 spread x ^u a %+le or piece ( bo>d4 ,lat] place x 9 little tr\ghs or %all[ di%es4 ,let ! *icks eat a reasonable am\nt1 :at !y w take 9 tw5ty to ?irty m9utes1 !n remove x4 ,supply a bit ( f9e1 bright grit dur+ ?is "t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,rohr]/[n1 ,pa4 ,i h us$ ! ,baby ,*ick ,food ?is season & h _h excell5t results4 ,i f9d x to meet all requirem5ts4 ,x makes rapid gr[? & at ! same "t ma9ta9s vigor4 ,l4,b4 ,,spre*]1 ,director1 ,p5na4 ,/ate ,p\ltry ,association4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,! second or ?ird day aft] fe$+ has begun1 cut out a meal or two ( ! baby *ick food & in/ead spr9kle a little regulation *ick fe$ 7scrat* fe$7 9 ! litt]4 ,!re are _m good br&s ( su* fe$ on ! m>ket4 ,if pref]r$1 "o may be made z foll[s3 ,scrat* ,fe$ = ,*icks ,crack$ ,:eat #ae lbs4 ,f9e ,crack$ ,corn #ae lbs4 ,p9head ,oats #aj lbs4 ,brok5 ,rice #c lbs4 ,*>coal #b lbs4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! second week ! scrat* fe$ may be giv5 ?ree times daily1 j ! quantity !y w clean up & hunt = m1 & ! baby *ick food left 9 op5 hopp]s or di%es to :i* ! *icks may run at w4 ,by ?is "t1 too1 grit may safely be left 9 op5 hopp]s be=e ! flock4 ,& if milk is n giv5 freely x is well to supply "s additional animal food ea* day4 ,f9e fi% scrap or beef scrap--always ( high quality--may be f$ sp>+ly 9 tr\ghs or on pieces ( bo>d4 ,d n fe$ too mu* ( ?is mat]ial4 ,if b[el tr\ble develops1 r$uce ! quantity ( animal food4 ,! am\nt giv5 may be increas$ progressively z ! y\ng/]s ga9 9 size4 ,:ile ,pratts ,baby ,*ick ,food ne$ n be f$ long] ?an ! fir/ ?ree weeks1 x is good practice to cont9ue its use = two to ?ree weeks long]4 ,b at any "t aft] ! critical tw5ty-"o day p]iod "o may safely beg9 to sub/itute a some:at co>s] & heavi] develop+ or gr[+ ma% = ! baby *ick food4 ,we advise ! use ( ,pratts ,butt]milk ,gr[+ ,ma%4 ,"h is a good home-made mixture3 ,gr[+ or ,develop+ ,ma% ,cornmeal #aj lbs4 ,:eat ,bran #bj lbs4 ,fe$+ ,fl\r #aj lbs4 ,f9e ,gr\nd ,oats1 ,sift$ #aj lbs4 ,f9e ,fi% or ,beef ,scrap #aj lbs4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,! regul> use ( ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator 9 ! ration = gr[+ *icks prev5ts dea?s f common disease1 increases ! appetite & ha/5s gr[?4 ,?is means less loss1 e>li] lay+ or m>ket maturity1 bigg] pr(its4 ,p4,g4 ,,platt1 ,sec4 ,delaw>e ,co4 ,p\ltry ,assn41 ,wall+=d1 ,pa4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,at six to eight weeks ( age1 or z soon z ! y\ng/]s c com=tably eat co>s] gra9s1 ! f9e scrat* fe$ may be replac$ by a co>s] mixture4 ,equal p>ts1 by weight1 ( crack$ corn & :eat1 =m ! basis ( ?is1 ) b>ley1 heavy oats1 kafir corn & buck:eat add$ = v>iety if available at reasonable prices4 ,:5 ! flock is wean$ & well fea!r$1 ! regul> lay+ ma% may be sub/itut$ = ! gr[+ ma%1 ?\gh ! latt] may well be cont9u$ = a mu* long] p]iod4 ,above all ?+s1 see to x t no?+ b fe$ ( sup]ior quality is suppli$4 ,moldy1 *affy1 gra9s & we$ se$s may be *eap] to buy ?an sweet1 s\nd mat]ials1 b ! latt] are *eap] to fe$4 ,beg9 giv+ gre5 food :5 ! *icks are ?ree or f\r days old1 cutt+ x up f9ely s !y c eat x4 ,& cont9ue to fe$ gre5s lib]ally at all times4 ,x's good = ! heal? & cuts fe$ bills1 too4 ,c>e ( ! ,gr[+ ,*icks ,z ! *icks gr[1 provide l>g] qu>t]s if ! orig9al coops are at all cr[d$4 ,& tea* ! y\ng/]s to roo/ e>ly1 especially :]e brood]s are us$1 s !y w n pile up 9 corn]s :5 ! heat is remov$4 ,:5 ! brood is five to six weeks ( age place l[ roo/s1 la? tack$ on six to eight-in* bo>ds1 9 ! coops4 ,! /urdi] individuals w soon le>n to use !m & educate ! re/ ( ! flock4 ,pay special att5tion to ! wat] supply4 ,h clean wat] available at all times4 ,& d n leave ! wat] di%es 9 ! sun1 :i* w quickly make ! wat] s w>m t x is unfit to dr9k4 ,give ! gr[+ pullets z mu* space1 indoors & out1 z y possibly c4 ,fe$ !m lib]ally4 ,keep !m clean & com=table4 ,9 e way help !m ga9 ! heal?1 /r5g? & vigor :i* !y mu/ h 9 ord] to d full duty 9 ! lay+ & bre$+ p5s4 ,f9ally1 cull y\r flock )\t m]cy1 beg9n+ at hat*+ "t & cont9u+ to ! end4 ,if any baby *icks are crippl$ or weak1 dispose ( !m at once4 ,z ! flock gr[s1 m>k--by toe pun*+ or o!rwise--all individuals :i* %[ evid5ce ( be+ lack+ 9 vigor1 :i* are /unt$ or d n make rapid gr[?1 :i* fail to fea!r prop]ly1 :i* are ev] noticeably sick4 ,!n ru% !m to m>ket z soon z !y rea* ! prop] weight4 ,?us y w save = y\r own use only ^? :i* are physically "r1 :i* h ! heal? & /am9a t w enable !m to /& up "u ! /ra9 ( cont9u\s egg-production4 ,& su* a flock1 aft] x has und]gone ! fur!r cull+ ( a ye> 9 ! lay+ p51 w give y bre$+ birds capable ( produc+ wor?:ile *icks4 ,p\ltry ,diseases ,prev5tion ( disease is mo/ ess5tial4 ,& ! fir/ /ep consi/s ( c>efully select+ ! birds :i* w he giv5 a place 9 ! flock1 reta9+ only ^? :i* are heal?y & vigor\s1 & reject+ ! weakl+s & physically unfit4 ,! next /ep is to keep ! birds 9 a high /ate ( vitality ?r\gh prop] managem5t & keep contagi\s & infecti\s diseases away by adopt+ ! necess>y sanit>y measures4 ,fre% air1 :olesome food & clean wat] are ess5tial4 ,equally necess>y is ! use ( ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator1 :i* keeps ! birds 9 p]fect condition int]nally & s prev5ts su* self-develop$ disord]s z indige/ion1 con/ipation1 & ! l4 ,mo/ ( ! s]i\s diseases :i* take heavy toll ( c>elessly manag$ flocks are due to g]ms ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,^! may be introduc$ 9 _m diff]5t ways1 & :5 pres5t 9 ! flock !y multiply & spread ) great rapidity4 ,cleanl9ess & sanitation w l>gely ov]come !m1 & z ea* f[l is wor? s mu* money "u pres5t conditions1 x is really economical to prev5t loss ev5 at ! exp5se ( "s "t & ( g]m-kill+ prep>ations4 ,pratts ,p\ltry ,dis9fectant co/s b a trifle4 ,a gallon1 dilut$ ) wat]1 makes fifty gallons ( a p[]ful dis9fectant1 "o t is highly effici5t1 b bo? safe & pleasant to use4 ,spray ! h\se & furni%+s & wa% fe$ & wat] conta9]s at frequ5t int]vals ) ?is economical g]m-kill]4 ,results w surely be se5 9 heal?i]1 m productive birds1 less tr\ble & less loss f disease4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,/aunton1 ,va4 ,i w\ld n h tri$ to raise exp5sive p\ltry )\t ,pratts products 9 my h\se4 ,:ile ,i 0 a boy at home we always _h a supply ( ,pratts on h&4 ,i f9d t my success is due to ! use ( ! ,pratts products kept con/antly on ! %elf4 ,h4,l4 ,,campbell4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,9 ?is cond5s$ book we c discuss only ! m g5]al disord]s4 ,! subject is cov]$ ?or\ghly 9 ,*apt] ,,ix1 ,! ,p\ltryman's ,complete ,h&book1 includ+ directions = equipp+ a hospital1 adm9i/]+ m$ic9e1 symptom & treatm5t *>t1 diagrams ( ! f[l's dige/ive sy/em & skeleton1 control ( p\ltry vices1 etc4 ,s5d a dime1 9 silv] or /amps1 = a copy1 to ,pratt ,food ,co41 ,philadelphia4 ,if necess>y1 d n hesitate to consult ! p\ltry exp]ts connect$ ) ,pratts ,p\ltry ,s]vice ,dept4 ,!y w give y p]sonal help )\t *>ge4 ,9 writ+1 give all symptoms & necess>y facts4 ,address su* lett]s to our ,philadelphia (fice4 ,x is important t diseases ( all k9ds be recogniz$ z e>ly z possible1 & equally s t imm$iate treatm5t be giv54 ,wat* y\r birds6 ,if any %[ signs ( be+ out ( condition1 exam9e !m c>efully to det]m9e ! tr\ble4 ,!n give !m ! c>e :i* is dem&$ 9 ea* case4 ,quick treatm5t w (t5 effect a spe$y cure ( a valuable bird t might be lo/ if ! disease became firmly e/abli%$4 ,pratts ,p\ltry ,rem$ies include dep5dable prep>ations = mo/ common p\ltry diseases4 ,!y are gu>ante$ to give satisfaction & are inexp5sive4 ,keep a supply on h&4 ,use promptly z occasion dem&s4 ,! sav+ ( a s+le good lay+ or bre$+ f[l by in/ant treatm5t w m ?an pay ! co/ ( a well-/ock$ p\ltry m$ic9e %elf4 ,,p\ltry ,,lice ,,& ,,mites ,body ,lice--,!re are _m diff]5t k9ds ( ^! p>asites & all are s]i\s tr\ble mak]s4 ,!y cause endless annoyance1 *eck gr[? & egg production4 ,lice-free f[ls are heal?i] & m com=table1 !re=e m productive & pr(itable4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,gu>ante$ ,,p\ltry ,,rem$ies ,pratts l9e ( ,gu>ante$ ,p\ltry ,rem$ies is ! result ( fifty ye>s ( exp]i5ce4 ,ea* prep>ation is positively ! be/ ( its k9d4 ,keep a supply on h& = in/ant use4 ,,pratts ,,r\p ,,rem$y 7,tablets or ,p[d]7 ,a sure prev5tive & cure = r\p1 colds1 cank]1 cat>rh & simil> diseases4 ,,pratts ,,gape ,,rem$y ,gu>ante$ to br+ prompt relief4 ,use z a prev5tive ! fir/ f\r weeks & y\r *icks w n be tr\bl$ ) gape-worms4 ,,pratts ,,sore-,,head ,,*ick5-,,pox ,,rem$y ,a gu>ante$ cure = ?is highly contagi\s disease4 ,don't risk hav+ y\r entire flock ru9$4 ,keep x on h& = quick use :5 ! ailm5t is fir/ notic$4 ,,pratts ,,bron*itis ,,rem$y ,a quick & effective rem$y4 ,fully gu>ante$ = a disease t is g5]ally fatal unless promptly *eck$4 ,,pratts ,,:ite ,,di>rhoea ,,rem$y ,w save ! *icks & cure completely :5 us$ promptly4 ,valuable 9 prev5t+ ! heavy *ick losses usually exp]i5c$4 ,,pratts ,,*ol]a ,,rem$y ,a sure rem$y = *ol]a1 indige/ion1 s\r crop1 dys5t]y1 & b[el tr\ble4 ,gu>ante$ to satisfy or money refund$4 ,,pratts ,,scaly ,,leg ,,rem$y ,?is disease impairs ! vitality ( ! birds & ru9s _! appe>ance4 ,pratts rem$y w keep ! legs clean & heal?y4 ,,pratts ,,condition ,,tablets ,an effective rem$y = run-d[n birds4 ,keeps %[ birds 9 condition & prev5ts colds1 r\p & liv] tr\ble4 ,,y\r ,,money ,,back ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,n ,,satisfi$ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,treatm5t--,if all p\ltrym5 w\ld use ,pratts ,p[d]$ ,lice ,kill] on _! p\ltry1 lice w\ld be unkn[n4 ,x is diff]5t & bett] ?an _m l prep>ations1 be+ /rong]1 non-poison\s1 has great dis9fect+ qualities1 & positively kills all k9ds ( *ick5 lice4 ,if y want to make money f y\r p\ltry y c't af=d to be )\t x4 ,pratts ,p\ltry ,dis9fectant1 or ! m p[]ful ,pratts ,r$ ,mite ,special1 %\ld also be us$ 9 ! p\ltry h\ses4 ,lice seek crevices1 cracks1 op5+s1 etc41 t c only be rea*$ by ! liquid4 ,?is %\ld be spray$ or spr9kl$ on p]*es1 ne/ boxes1 drop bo>ds1 floors & inside walls ( all p\ltry h\ses4 ,x n only kills lice1 b has great dis9fect+ value4 ,d n accept a sub/itute4 ,pratts ,lice ,salve is a sure-fire lice kill] 9 ano!r =m4 ,apply to ! fea!rs b5ea? ! w+s & ar\nd ! v5t & quick results w be notic$4 ,a s+le application w be effective = a consid]able "t4 ,head ,lice--,! big grey lice commonly f\nd on heads ( little *icks1 caus+ great mortality4 ,treatm5t--,keep on h& all ! "t a box ( ,pratts ,head ,lice ,o9tm5t1 & use x on y\r little *icks1 & save _! lives4 ,two or ?ree days be=e ! brood %\ld hat*1 spr9kle ! sitt+ h5 ?or\ghly ) ,pratts ,p[d]$ ,lice ,kill]4 ,p\ltry ,mites 7,r$ ,mites7--,^! t9y p>asites are p\ltry kill]s4 ,!y d n live on ! bodies ( ! birds1 b 9 cracks & crevices ( ! build+1 com+ out = _! food4 ,!y suck ! blood f ! f[ls1 weak5+ & (t5 kill+ !m4 ,treatm5t--,look ar\nd roo/s & 9 cracks 9 w>m wea!r & y are apt to see hundr$s ( mites4 ,e week spray p]*es1 dropp+ bo>ds1 sides ( h\ses1 & ro( ne> p]*es ) ,pratts ,r$ ,mite ,special2 p[d] birds ) ,pratts ,p[d]$ ,lice ,kill]1 & also add ?is to ! du/ ba?4 ,deplum+ ,mites--,p>asites t attack ! roots or base ( fea!rs :i* break (f leav+ b>e spots4 ,w quickly spread ?r\gh an entire flock4 ,usually f\nd 9 spr+ & summ]4 ,treatm5t--,sep>ate all affect$ birds f ! re/ ( flock4 ,rub ,pratts ,head ,lice ,o9tm5t on & ar\nd ! b>e spots e few days1 until ! mites h all be5 de/roy$4 ,spray h\ses1 ro(s1 runs1 etc41 ) ,pratts ,p\ltry ,dis9fectant4 ,p]si/5t treatm5t is necess>y to get rid ( ^! pe/s4 ,,! ,,m ,,common ,,p\ltry ,,diseases ,symptoms & ,treatm5t ,apoplexy--,cause3 ,f[ls too fat1 g5]al poor condition4 ,symptoms3 ,p>alysis1 sudd5 dea?4 ,birds frequ5tly f\nd dead "u roo/s4 ,treatm5t3 ,affect$ birds w n usually respond to treatm5t4 ,flocks %\ld be treat$ to prev5t fur!r loss4 ,r$uce ! am\nt ( fe$1 give less corn1 supply ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator to improve g5]al condition4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,read+1 ,pa4 ,h be5 us+ y\r p\ltry rem$ies = _m ye>s4 ,h us$ y\r ,baby ,*ick ,food & _h wond]ful results4 ,i ?9k x is great4 ,i also use y\r ,dis9fectant1 ,lice ,p[d] & ,r\p ,rem$y4 ,,wm4 ,,fau/ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,asp]gilosis--,cause3 ,gr[? ( m\ld 9 air passages4 ,symptoms3 ,rapid brea?+1 rattl+ 9 ?roat1 loss ( weight1 dragg+ w+s1 weakness1 exhau/ion4 ,9 *icks1 sleep9ess1 di>rhoea1 yell[i% gr[? on lungs4 ,treatm5t3 ,avoid m\ldy gra9 & litt] to keep flock free f infection4 ,dis9fect ) ,pratts ,p\ltry ,dis9fectant4 ,put flock 9 condition ) ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator4 ,bacill>y ,:ite ,di>rhoea--,cause3 ,bact]ia4 ,! disease may be inh]it$ f h5s hav+ infect$ ov>ies1 or pass f *ick to *ick4 ,symptoms3 ,*icks h di>rhoea1 usually :ite or creamy4 ,sleepy1 *illy1 ?91 r\gh plumage1 droop+ w+s4 ,heavie/ mortality "u ?ree weeks ( age4 ,treatm5t3 ,badly infect$ *icks %\ld be kill$4 ,prev5t epidemics by dis9fect+ ev]y?+ ) ,pratts ,p\ltry ,dis9fectant4 ,give ,pratts ,:ite ,di>rhoea ,rem$y 9 dr9k+ wat]4 ,give *icks /rong />t by fe$+ ,pratts ,baby ,*ick ,food4 ,bron*itis--,cause3 ,developm5t ( common cold1 brea?+ 9 du/4 ,symptoms3 ,c\gh1 rapid brea?+1 :i/l+1 rattl+ & bubbl+ 9 ?roat4 ,treatm5t3 ,keep pati5t dry1 give laxative1 treat ) ,pratts ,bron*itis ,rem$y4 ,cank]--,cause3 ,developm5t ( pus g]ms foll[+ injury or dige/ive tr\bles4 ,symptoms3 ,*eesy gr[?s 9 m\? & ?roat4 ,treatm5t3 ,scrape (f cank] & swab ) full /r5g? ,pratts ,p\ltry ,dis9fectant4 ,improve g5]al condition ) ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,summ]ville1 ,s4,c4 ,i h us$ ,pratts ,:ite ,di>rhoea ,rem$y1 & ,i wi% to say t ,i h _h "s *icks t />t$ ) ! :ite di>rhoea & ,i h giv5 !m ! tablets 9 _! dr9k+ wat]1 & h n _h any tr\ble s9ce4 ,!y are gr[+ f9e4 ,r4,c4 ,,fo/]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,cat>rh--,cause3 ,draughts1 dampness1 exposure4 ,symptoms3 ,?9 dis*>ge f eyes & no/rils1 sneez+1 difficult brea?+1 dullness4 ,treatm5t3 ,pratts ,condition ,tablets to quickly tone up ! sy/em & ,pratts ,r\p ,rem$y to ov]come ! disease4 ,*ick5 ,pox or ,sore ,head--,cause3 ,bact]ia4 ,symptoms3 ,eruption on unfea!r$ areas ( head4 ,at fir/ small & gray 9 color1 increas+ until head is cov]$ ) scabs4 ,eyes frequ5tly clos$4 ,treatm5t3 ,dis9fect mo/ ?or\ghly ) ,pratts ,p\ltry ,dis9fectant4 ,treat ) ,pratts ,sore ,head 7,*ick5 ,pox7 ,rem$y4 ,*ol]a--,cause3 ,bact]ia4 ,symptoms3 ,weakness1 ?ir/1 head drawn d[n1 droop+ w+s1 int5se ?ir/1 frequ5tly full crops1 yell[ or gre5 di>rhoea4 ,treatm5t3 ,give ,pratts ,*ick5 ,*ol]a ,rem$y to :ole flock z rem$y & prev5tive4 ,improve g5]al heal? ) ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator4 ,dis9fect mo/ c>efully & frequ5tly4 ,burn all dead birds & ev]y?+ tak5 f p\ltry h\se4 ,a mo/ difficult disease to control if x gets e/abli%$4 ,gapes--,cause3 ,small ,y-%ap$ worm1 ab\t "o-half in* long4 ,may be ei!r pale or r$ 9 color4 ,atta*es itself to int]ior walls ( w9dpipe1 weak5+ ! *ick by suck+ ! blood1 & also caus+ /rangulation4 ,?is app>5tly d\ble-head$ worm is really two worms1 "o ( ea* sex1 jo9$ toge!r4 ,symptoms3 ,usually afflicts "y *icks4 ,frequ5t gasp+2 gap+2 c\gh+2 dis*>ge ( mucus & worms f ?roat4 ,treatm5t3 ,use ,pratts ,gape ,rem$y4 ,dis9fect floors ( coops & runs ) ,pratts ,dis9fectant4 ,move to new gr\nd & keep *icks (f wet grass4 ,inte/9al ,p>asites 7,worms7--,symptoms3 ,dullness1 poor condition4 ,worms f\nd 9 dropp+s4 ,treatm5t3 ,f[ls regul>ly receiv+ ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator are almo/ inv>iably free f ?is tr\ble4 ,see details ( individual treatm5t 9 ,! ,p\ltryman's ,complete ,h&book4 ,leg ,weakness 7,*icks7--,cause3 ,fe$ lack+ 9 bone & animal matt]2 close conf9em5t2 lack ( ex]cise2 ov]-heat+ 9 brood]s4 ,symptoms3 ,*icks walk 9 a wobbly1 weak-kne$ fa%ion1 (t5 re/+ or hobbl+ along on ! jo9ts4 ,treatm5t3 ,fe$ "y *icks on ,pratts ,baby ,*ick ,food4 ,give fair am\nt ( beef or fi% scrap & bone meal4 ,af=d opportunity = ex]cise1 especially on ! gr\nd4 ,avoid bottom heat 9 brood]s4 ,fe$ lib]ally on gre5 food4 ,add small quantity ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator to ! ration4 ,liv] ,disease--,cause3 ,improp] food1 z ov]fe$+ ( corn or animal food1 lack ( ex]cise1 g5]al inactivity ( inte/9al tract4 ,symptoms3 ,no prom95t ones4 ,if flock is n do+ well & birds are lazy & sluggi%1 kill "o or m & exam9e ! liv]s4 ,if f\nd diseas$1 treat ! flock4 ,treatm5t3 ,use ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator to improve g5]al condition4 ,fe$ pl5ty ( gre5 food4 ,dis9fect ! build+s1 & admit a big volume ( fre% air4 ,induce ! birds to ex]cise4 ,rheumatism--,cause3 ,exposure to dampness1 & cold4 ,symptoms3 ,swell+ ( jo9ts1 /iffness1 lam5ess4 ,treatm5t3 ,make h\se dry & sunny4 ,use ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator to improve g5]al condition4 ,rub affect$ p>ts ) ,pratts ,l9im5t4 7,?is f9e l9im5t %\ld be 9 e h\sehold4 ,x has a hundr$ uses47 ,r\p--,symptoms3 ,bad-smell+ dis*>ge f ! no/rils2 /icky dis*>ge f ! eyes2 fea!rs "u w+s & on back sme>$ & /icky1 :]e bird has wip$ its head2 sometimes c\gh+ & sneez+2 eyes /uck %ut2 eyes clos$ & swoll5 out2 m\? =c$ op5 by *eesy gr[?2 pat*es ( cank] 9 m\? & ?roat4 ,treatm5t3 ,! disease is v contagi\s4 ,remove all birds %[+ symptoms4 ,clean up & dis9fect ! qu>t]s1 us+ ,pratts ,dis9fectant lib]ally4 ,give sick & well birds ,pratts ,r\p ,rem$y4 ,give ! heal?y flock ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator4 ,treat ! sick ) ,pratts ,condition ,tablets 9 addition to ! ,r\p rem$y4 ,burn all dead birds & all mat]ial remov$ f ! hospital4 ,scaly ,leg--,cause3 ,a t9y mite :i* burr[s "u ! scales & into ! tissues ( ! leg4 ,symptoms3 ,scaly1 r\gh1 cru/y appe>ance ( feet & %anks4 ,treatm5t3 ,apply ,pratts ,scaly ,leg ,o9tm5t4 ,tub]culosis--,cause3 ,a m9ute g]m4 ,symptoms3 ,/eady loss 9 weight2 pal5ess ( comb1 wattles & face2 g5]al weakness2 lam5ess1 ruffl+ ( fea!rs2 frequ5tly di>rhoea4 ,eye bright2 rav5\s appetite4 ,treatm5t3 ,! disease is contagi\s & w spread ?r\gh ! flock unless prop] precautions are tak54 ,remove affect$ birds4 ,dis9fect ! p\ltry plant & surr\nd+s ) ,pratts ,dis9fectant4 ,kill birds 9 advanc$ /ages4 ,give ! :ole flock a n\ri%+ ration1 & include ,pratts ,p\ltry ,regulator4 ,use lime freely4 ,if disease cont9ues to spread1 dispose ( entire flock1 dis9fect ) greate/ c>e1 />t anew ) heal?y /ock4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,pleasant ,valley1 ,n4,y4 ,i gave ,pratts ,r\p ,rem$y a c>eful te/ on a flock ( #ej gr[+ :ite ,wy&otte *icks 9 ,octob] :i* 7 infect$ ) bad colds1 & aft] treat+ "o week ) y\r r\p rem$y ne>ly e "o 0 well4 ,,edg> ,,briggs ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,pratts ,,practical ,,po9t]s on ! c>e ( ,,live/ock & ,,p\ltry ,,get ,,y\r ,,pratts ,,f ,,la+ ,,bros4 ,,w9nipeg ,,man4 ,,fl\r ,,fe$4