,,( ,,! ,,european ,,w>1 ,,vol4 #a1 ,,janu>y #i1 #aiae999999 file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #afgjb-;h4htm or #afgjb-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/f_ /g_/j_/afgjb_/afgjb-;h_/#afgjb-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/dirs_/#a_/f_ /g_/j_/afgjb_/afgjb-;h4zip7 ,! ,new ,york ,times ,,curr5t ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,european ,,w> ,,janu>y #i1 #aiae4 ,:at ,am]icans ,say to ,europe ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,eliot 7,photo 7c7 by ,paul ,?ompson47 ,see ,page #dgc ,illu/ration3 ,,james ,m4 ,,beck ,see ,page #dac ,9 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,civilization ,argu$ by ,james ,m4 ,beck4 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times submitt$ ! evid5ce conta9$ 9 ! (ficial ,:ite ,pap] ( ,great ,brita91 ! ,orange ,pap] ( ,russia1 & ! ,gray ,pap] ( ,belgium to ,james ,m4 ,beck1 late ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & a lead] ( ! ,new ,york b>1 :o has argu$ _m ( ! mo/ important cases be=e ! ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,on ?is evid5ce ,mr4 ,beck has argu$ 9 ! foll[+ article ! case ( ,dual ,alliance vs4 ,triple ,ent5te4 ,x has be5 widely circulat$ 9 ,france & ,great ,brita94 ,let u suppose t 9 ?is ye> ( dis-,grace1 ,n9ete5 ,hundr$ & ,f\rte51 !re _h exi/$1 z let u pray w "o day exi/1 a ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,civilization1 be=e :i* ! sov]eign nations c\ld litigate _! diff]5ces )\t resort to ! iniquit\s & less effective appeal to ! arbitram5t ( arms4 ,let u fur!r suppose t ea* ( ! cont5d+ nations _h a suffici5t leav5 ( ,*ri/ianity to h its grievances adjudg$ n by ! e?ics ( ! cannon or ! rifle1 b by ! et]nal crit]ion ( ju/ice4 ,:at w\ld be ! judgm5t ( t augu/ tribunal8 ,any discussion ( ! e?ical m]its ( ?is great controv]sy mu/ />t ) ! assumption t !re is an int]national morality4 ,?is fundam5tal axiom1 ^u :i* ! entire basis ( civilization necess>ily re/s1 is *all5g$ by a small class ( intellectual p]v]ts4 ,"s hold t moral consid]ations mu/ be subord9at$ ei!r to milit>y necessity or s-call$ manife/ de/9y4 ,?is is ! ,b]nh>di doctr9e4 ,o!rs tea* t w> is a b5efic5t fatality & t all nations engag$ 9 x are !re=e equally ju/ifi$4 ,on ?is !ory all ( ! n[ cont5d+ nations are b victims ( an irresi/ible curr5t ( ev5ts1 & ! highe/ duty ( ! ,/ate is to prep>e itself = ! sy/ematic ext]m9ation1 :5 necess>y or exp$i5t1 ( its neighbors4 ,not)/&+ ! clev] platitudes "u :i* bo? ^! doctr9es are veil$1 all morally sane m9ds are agre$ t ?is w> is a great crime aga9/ civilization1 & ! only op5 "q is1 :i* ( ! two cont5d+ gr\ps ( p[]s is morally responsible = t crime8 ,0 ,au/ria ju/ifi$ 9 decl>+ w> aga9/ ,s]via8 ,0 ,g]many ju/ifi$ 9 decl>+ w> aga9/ ,russia & ,france8 ,0 ,engl& ju/ifi$ 9 decl>+ w> aga9/ ,g]many8 ,z ! la/ ( ^! que/ions is ! mo/ easily dispos$ (1 x may be consid]$ fir/4 ,engl&'s ,ju/ification4 ,engl&'s ju/ification re/s ^u ! solemn ,treaty ( #ahci1 :]eby ,prussia1 ,france1 ,engl&1 ,au/ria1 & ,russia became ! gu>antors ( ! p]petual neutrality ( ,belgium1 z reaffirm$ by ,c\nt ,bism>ck1 !n ,*ancellor ( ! ,nor? ,g]man ,conf$]ation1 on ,july #bb1 #ahgj1 & z ev5 m rec5tly reaffirm$ 9 ! /rik+ fact disclos$ 9 ! ,belgian ,gray ,book4 ,9 ! ,spr+ ( #aiac a debate 0 9 progress 9 ! ,budget ,committee ( ! ,rei*/ag ) ref]5ce to ! ,milit>y ,budget4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! debate ! ,g]man ,secret>y ( ,/ate said3 ,! neutrality ( ,belgium is det]m9$ by int]national conv5tions1 & ,g]many is resolv$ to respect ^! conv5tions4 ,to confirm ?is solemn assurance1 ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> add$ 9 ! same debate3 ,belgium does n play any "p 9 ! ju/ification ( ! ,g]man s*eme ( milit>y reorganization4 ,! s*eme is ju/ifi$ by ! position ( matt]s 9 ! ,ea/4 ,g]many w n lose sight ( ! fact t ,belgian neutrality is gu>ante$ by int]national treaties4 ,a ye> lat]1 on ,july #ca1 #aiad1 ,h]r von ,bel[1 ! ,g]man ,m9i/] at ,brussels1 assur$ ! ,belgian ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate t he knew ( a decl>ation :i* ! ,g]man ,*ancellor _h made 9 #aiaa1 to ! effect t ,g]many _h no int5tion ( violat+ our neutrality1 & t he 0 c]ta9 t ! s5tim5ts to :i* expression 0 giv5 at t "t _h n *ang$4 7,see ,belgian ,gray ,book1 ,nos4 #aa & #ab47 ,ap>t f ^! treaty /ipulations1 :i* are only decl>ation ( ,belgium's rights z sov]eign nations1 ,! ,hague ,conf]5ce1 9 :i* =ty-f\r nations 7includ+ ,g]many7 p>ticipat$1 reaffirm$ z an axiom ( int]national law ! inh]5t "r ( a nation to ! sanctity ( its t]ritory4 ,x seems unnecess>y to discuss ! wanton disreg>d ( ^! solemn obligations & prote/ations1 :5 ! pres5t ,*ancellor ( ! ,g]man ,empire1 9 8 spee* to ! ,rei*/ag & to ! _w on ,aug4 #d1 #aiad1 frankly admitt$ t ! action ( ! ,g]man milit>y ma*9e 9 invad+ ,belgium 0 a wrong4 ,he said3 ,we are n[ 9 a /ate ( necessity1 & necessity kn[s no law4 ,our troops h occupi$ ,luxemburg & p]haps are already on ,belgian soil4 ,g5tlem51 t is contr>y to ! dictates ( int]national law4 ,x is true t ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t has decl>$ at ,brussels t ,france is will+ to respect ! neutrality ( ,belgium1 s long z h] oppon5t respects x4 ,we knew1 h[ev]1 t ,france /ood ready = invasion4 ,france c\ld wait1 b we c\ld n wait4 ,a ,fr5* movem5t ^u our flank ^u ! l[] ,rh9e might h be5 disa/r\s4 ,s we 7 compell$ to ov]ride ! j prote/ ( ! ,luxemburg & ,belgian ,gov]nm5ts4 ,! wrong--,i speak op5ly--t we are committ+ we w endeavor to make good z soon z our milit>y goal has be5 rea*$4 ,anybody :o is ?reat5$ z we are ?reat5$1 & is fight+ = 8 highe/ possessions1 c only h "o ?\ght--h[ he is to hack 8 way ?r\gh4 ,?is def5se is n ev5 a plea ( confession & avoidance4 ,x is a plea ( ,guilty at ! b> ( ! _w4 ,x has "o m]it1 t x does n add to ! crime ! aggravation ( hypocrisy4 ,x virtually re/s ! case ( ,g]many ^u ! gospel ( ,treits*ke & ,b]nh>di1 t ea* nation is ju/ifi$ 9 ex]t+ its physical p[] to ! utmo/ 9 def5se ( its selfi% int]e/s & )\t any reg>d to consid]ations ( conv5tional morality4 ,might z betwe5 nations is ! sole crit]ion ( "r4 ,!re is no novelty 9 ?is gospel4 ,its only surpris+ feature is its revival 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,x 0 taught f> m effectively by ,ma*iavelli 9 8 treatise1 ,! ,pr9ce1 :]e9 he glorifi$ ! policy ( ,ces>e ,borgia 9 trampl+ ! weak] ,/ates ( ,italy "u foot by ru?less t]rorism1 unbridl$ f]ocity1 & ! base/ deception4 ,inde$1 ! wanton de/ruction ( ,belgium is simply ,borgiaism amplifi$ t5-?\s&fold by ! me*anical res\rces ( mod]n w>4 ,?is ,answ] ,_c ,satisfy4 ,unless our boa/$ civilization is ! ?9ne/ v5e]+ ( b>b>ism2 unless ! law ( ! _w is 9 fact only ! e?ics ( ! rifle & ! consci5ce ( ! cannon2 unless mank9d aft] unc\nt$ c5turies has made no real advance 9 political morality beyond t ( ! cave dwell]1 !n ?is answ] ( ,g]many _c satisfy ! dec5t respect to ! op9ions ( mank9d4 ,g]many's cont5tion t a treaty ( peace is a scrap ( pap]1 to be disreg>d$ at w :5 requir$ by ! selfi% int]e/s ( "o contract+ p>ty1 is ! negation ( all t civilization /&s =4 ,belgium has be5 crucifi$ 9 ! face ( ! _w4 ,its innoc5ce ( any (f5se1 until x 0 attack$1 is too cle> = argum5t4 ,its volunt>y immolation to pres]ve its solemn gu>antee ( neutrality w plead l angels1 trumpet-tongu$1 aga9/ ! deep damnation ( its tak+ (f4 ,on t issue ! ,supreme ,c\rt c\ld h no gr\nd = d\bt or hesitation4 ,its judgm5t w\ld be spe$y & inexorable4 ,! rema9+ two issues1 above ref]r$ to1 are n s simple4 ,prim>ily & p]haps exclusively1 ! e?ical "q turns ^u ! issues rais$ by ! communications :i* pass$ betwe5 ! v>i\s ,*ancell]ies ( ,europe 9 ! la/ week ( ,july1 = x is ! amaz+ feature ( ?is greate/ ( all w>s t x 0 precipitat$ by diplomats & rul]s1 &1 assum+ t all ^! /atesm5 s9c]ely desir$ a peaceful solution ( ! que/ions rais$ by ! ,au/rian ultimatum1 7:i* is by no means cle>17 x 0 ! result ( ineffective diplomacy & clumsy diplomacy at t4 ,i q appreciate ! di/9ction betwe5 ! imm$iate causes ( a w> & ! ant]ior & m fundam5tal causes2 nev]!less1 ) ! _w 9 a /ate ( ,summ] peace on ,july #bc1 #aiad1 an issue1 gravely affect+ ! integrity ( nations & ! balance ( p[] 9 ,europe1 is sudd5ly precipitat$ by ! ,au/rian ultimatum1 & !reaft] & = ! space ( ab\t a week a s]ies ( diplomatic communications pass$ betwe5 ! ,*ancell]ies ( ,europe1 design$ on _! face to prev5t a w> & yet s ineffective t ! w> is precipitat$ & ! fe>ful ,rubicon cross$ be=e ! _w knew1 except imp]fectly1 ! nature ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,gov]nm5ts involv$4 ,! e?ical aspects ( ?is great conflict mu/ l>gely dep5d ^u ! record t has be5 made up by ! (ficial communications :i* c1 !re=e1 be treat$ z docum5t>y evid5ce 9 a litigat$ case4 ,a sub/antial "p ( t record is already be=e ! c\rt ( public op9ion 9 ! ,briti% & ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]s1 ! ,russian ,orange ,pap]1 & ! ,belgian ,gray ,pap]1 & ! purpose ( ?is article is to discuss :at judgm5t an imp>tial & dispassionate c\rt w\ld r5d] ^u ! issues ?us rais$ & ! evid5ce ?us submitt$4 ,prim>ily su* a c\rt w\ld be deeply impress$ n only by :at ! record z ?us made up discloses1 b also by ! significant omissions ( docum5ts kn[n to be 9 exi/5ce4 ,! (ficial def5se ( ,engl& & ,russia does n app>5tly %[ any failure on ! "p ( ei!r to submit all ( ! docum5ts 9 _! possession1 b ! ,g]man ,:ite ,pap] on its face discloses ! suppression ( docum5ts ( vital importance1 :ile ,au/ria has z yet fail$ to submit any ( ! docum5t>y evid5ce 9 its possession4 ,we "k f ! ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]--ev5 if we did n conclude z a matt] ( irresi/ible inf]5ce--t _m important communications pass$ 9 ?is crisis betwe5 ,g]many & ,au/ria1 & x is probable t "s communications mu/ also h pass$ betwe5 ^? two c\ntries & ,italy4 ,italy1 despite its emb>rass+ position1 owes to ! _w ! duty ( a full disclosure4 ,:at su* disclosure w\ld probably %[ is indicat$ by h] delib]ate conclusion t h] allies _h comm5c$ an aggressive w>1 :i* releas$ h] f any obligation "u ! ,triple ,alliance4 ,! fact t communications pass$ betwe5 ,b]l9 & ,vi5na1 ! text ( :i* has nev] be5 disclos$1 is n a matt] ( conjecture4 ,g]many admits & ass]ts z "p ( h] def5se t %e fai?fully ex]cis$ h] m$iatory influ5ce ) ,au/ria1 b n only is su* m$iatory influ5ce n disclos$ by any practical results ( su* m$iation1 b ! text ( ^! vital communications is /ill kept 9 ! secret ar*ives ( ,b]l9 & ,vi5na4 ,?us 9 ! (ficial apology = ,g]many x is /at$ t1 9 spite ( ! refusal ( ,au/ria to accept ! proposition ( ,sir ,edw>d ,grey to treat ! ,s]vian reply z a basis = fur!r conv]sations1 we ,g]many cont9u$ our m$iatory ef=ts to ! utmo/ & advis$ ,vi5na to make any possible compromise consi/5t ) ! dignity ( ! ,mon>*y4 ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]4 ,?is w\ld be m conv9c+ if ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice 9 giv+ o!r diplomatic docum5ts _h only add$ ! text ( ! advice :i* x ?us gave ,vi5na4 ,! same significant omission w be f\nd :5 ! same (ficial def5se /ates t on ,july #bi ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t advis$ ,au/ria to beg9 ! conv]sations ) ,mr4 ,sazon(4 ,b "h aga9 ! text is n f\nd among ! docum5ts :i* ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice has giv5 to ! _w4 ,! communications1 :i* pass$ betwe5 t (fice & its ,ambassadors 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,p>is1 & ,london1 are giv5 9 ext5so1 b among ! tw5ty-sev5 communications app5d$ to ! ,g]man (ficial def5se x is mo/ significant t n a s+le communication is giv5 ( ! _m :i* pass$ f ,b]l9 to ,vi5na & only two t pass$ f ,vi5na to ,b]l94 ,?is _c be an accid5t4 ,g]many has se5 fit to ?r[ ! veil ( secrecy ov] ! text ( its communications to ,vi5na1 al?\gh pr(ess+ to give ! purport ( a few ( !m4 ,until ,g]many is will+ to put ! mo/ important docum5ts 9 its possession 9 evid5ce1 x mu/ n be surpris$ t ! _w1 rememb]+ ,bism>ck's g>bl+ ( ! ,ems dispat*1 :i* precipitat$ ! ,franco-,prussian w>1 w be incr$ul\s z to ! s9c]ity ( ,g]many's m$iatory ef=ts4 ,au/ria's ,case ,aga9/ ,s]via4 ,to discuss ! ju/ice ( ,au/ria's grievances aga9/ ,s]via w\ld take u outside ! docum5t>y record & into ! realm ( disput$ facts & w\ld exp& ?is discussion f> beyond reasonable l5g?4 ,let u !re=e suppose argu5do t our imag9>y c\rt w\ld comm5ce its consid]ation ) ! assumption t ,au/ria _h a j grievance aga9/ ,s]via1 & t ! murd] ( ! ,ar*duke on ,june #bh1 #aiad1 :ile 9 fact committ$ by ,au/rian citiz5s ( ,s]vian sympa?ies on ,au/rian soil1 _h its inspiration & enc\ragem5t 9 ! political activities ei!r ( ! ,s]vian ,gov]nm5t or ( political organizations ( t c\ntry4 ,! "q = decision w\ld !n be n :e!r ,au/ria _h a j grievance aga9/ ,s]via1 b :e!r hav+ reg>d to ! obligations :i* ,au/ria1 z well z e o!r c\ntry1 owes to civilization1 %e proce$$ 9 ! "r mann] to r$ress h] grievance4 ,on ,june #bh1 #aiad1 ! ,au/rian ,cr[n ,pr9ce 0 murd]$ at ,s]ajevo4 ,= ne>ly a mon? !re 0 no action by ,au/ria1 & no public /atem5t :atev] ( its int5tions4 ,! _w pr(\ndly sympa?iz$ ) ,au/ria 9 its new tr\ble1 & especially ) its ag$ mon>*1 :o1 l ,k+ ,le>1 0 z full ( grief z ye>s & wret*$ 9 bo?4 ,! ,s]vian ,gov]nm5t _h =m]ly disclaim$ any complicity ) ! assass9ation & _h pl$g$ itself to puni% any ,s]vian citiz5 implicat$ !re94 ,f "t to "t1 f ,june #bh to ,july #bc1 !re came semi-inspir$ intimations f ,vi5na t t c\ntry int5d$ to act ) great self-re/ra9t & 9 ! mo/ pacific mann]4 ,9 8 spee* to ! ,fr5* ,*amb] ( ,deputies1 ,viviani says t ,europe _h 9 ! int]val prec$+ ,july #bc express assurances f ,au/ria t its c\rse w\ld be mod]ate & conciliatory4 ,nev] 0 x ev5 h9t$ t ,g]many & ,au/ria 7 ab\t to apply 9 a "t ( pr(\nd peace a mat* to ! p[d] magaz9e ( ,europe4 ,?is is /rik+ly %[n by ! fir/ lett] 9 ! ,engli% ,:ite ,pap] f ,sir ,edw>d ,grey to ,sir ,h4 ,rumbold1 dat$ ,july #bj1 #aiad4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ significant docum5ts 9 ! entire correspond5ce4 ,at ! "t ?is lett] 0 writt5 x is altoge!r probable t ,au/ria's arrogant & mo/ unreasonable ultimatum _h already be5 fram$ & approv$ 9 ,vi5na1 & possibly 9 ,b]l91 & yet ,sir ,edw>d ,grey1 ! ,=eign ,m9i/] ( a great & fri5dly c\ntry1 _h s little k ( ,au/ria's policy t he ask$ ! ,g]man ,ambassador today 7,july #bj7 if he _h any news ( :at 0 go+ on 9 ,vi5na ) reg>d to ,s]via4 ,! ,g]man ,ambassador repli$ t he _h n1 b ,au/ria 0 c]ta9ly go+ to take "s /ep4 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey adds t he told ! ,g]man ,ambassador t he _h le>n$ t ,c\nt ,b]*told1 ! ,au/rian ,=eign ,m9i/]1 9 speak+ to ! ,italian ,ambassador 9 ,vi5na1 _h deprecat$ ! sugge/ion t ! situation 0 grave1 b _h said t x %\ld be cle>$ up4 ,! ,g]man ,m9i/] !n repli$ t x w\ld be desirable if ,russia c\ld act z a m$iator ) reg>d to ,s]via1 s t ! fir/ sugge/ion ( ,russia play+ ! "p ( ! peacemak] came f ! ,g]man ,ambassador 9 ,london4 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey !n adds t he told ! ,g]man ,ambassador t he assum$ t ! ,au/rian ,gov]nm5t w\ld n d any?+ until !y _h fir/ disclos$ to ! public _! case aga9/ ,s]via1 f\nd$ presumably ^u :at !y _h discov]$ at ! trial1 & ! ,g]man ,ambassador ass5t$ to ?is assumption4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #a4 ,ei!r ! ,g]man ,ambassador 0 !n deceiv+ ,sir ,edw>d ,grey1 on ! !ory t ! true function ( an ,ambassador is to lie = 8 c\ntry1 or ! ?und]bolt 0 be+ laun*$ ) su* secrecy t ev5 ! ,g]man ,ambassador 9 ,engl& did n "k :at 0 !n 9 progress4 ,! ,briti% ,ambassador at ,vi5na reports to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey3 ,! deliv]y at ,belgrade on ! #bc;d ,july ( ! note to ,s]via 0 prec$$ by a p]iod ( absolute sil5ce at ! ,ballplatz4 ,he proce$s to say t ) ! exception ( ! ,g]man ,ambassador at ,vi5na--note ! significance ( ! exception--n a s+le memb] ( ! ,diplomatic ,corps knew any?+ ( ! ,au/rian ultimatum & t ! ,fr5* ,ambassador :5 he visit$ ! ,au/rian ,=eign ,(fice on ,july #bc 0 n only kept 9 ignorance t ! ultimatum _h actually be5 issu$1 b 0 giv5 ! impression t its tone 0 mod]ate4 ,ev5 ! ,italian ,ambassador 0 n tak5 into ,c\nt ,b]*told's confid5ce4 ,dispat* f ,sir ,m4 de ,buns5 to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey1 dat$ ,sept4 #a1 #aiad4 ,no bett] pro( ( ?is s5se ( security ne$ be adduc$ ?an t ! ,fr5* ,presid5t & h] ,=eign ,m9i/] 7 ?\s&s ( miles f ,p>is1 & ! ,russian ,m9i/] _h1 aft] ! fun]al ( ! ,au/rian ,ar*duke1 left ,vi5na = 8 annual holiday4 ,! int]e/+ & important "q "h sugge/s itself :e!r ,g]many _h k ( & approv$ 9 advance ! ,au/rian ultimatum4 ,if x did1 x 0 guilty ( duplicity1 = ! ,g]man ,ambassador at ,/4 ,pet]sburg gave to ! ,russian ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs an express assurance t ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t _h no k ( ! text ( ! ,au/rian note be=e x 0 h&$ 9 & has n ex]cis$ any influ5ce on its cont5ts4 ,x is a mi/ake to attribute to ,g]many a ?reat5+ attitude4 ,russian ,orange ,pap]1 ,no4 #ah4 ,?is /atem5t is inh]5tly improbable4 ,au/ria 0 ! weak] ( ! two allies & x 0 ,g]many's sabre t x 0 rattl+ 9 ! face ( ,europe4 ,obvi\sly ,au/ria c\ld n h proce$$ to extreme measures1 :i* x 0 recogniz$ f ! fir/ w\ld antagonize ,russia1 unless x _h ! support ( ,g]many1 & !re is a probability1 am\nt+ to a moral c]ta9ty1 t x w\ld n h committ$ itself & ,g]many to ! possibility ( a ,european w> )\t fir/ consult+ ,g]many4 ,moreov]1 we h ! te/imony ( ,sir ,m4 de ,buns51 ! ,engli% ,ambassador 9 ,vi5na1 :o advis$ ,sir ,edw>d ,grey t he _h private in=mation t ! ,g]man ,ambassador 7at ,vi5na7 knew ! text ( ! ,au/rian ultimatum to ,s]via be=e x 0 dispat*$ & telegraph$ x to ! ,g]man ,emp]or1 & t ! ,g]man ,ambassador himself indorses e l9e ( x4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #ie4 ,z he does n disclose ! s\rce ( 8 private in=mation1 ?is te/imony w\ld n by itself be conv9c+1 b :5 we exam9e ,g]many's (ficial def5se 9 ! ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]1 we f9d t ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice admits t x 0 consult$ by ,au/ria previ\s to ! ultimatum & n only approv$ ( ,au/ria's c\rse b lit]ally gave h] a c>te blan*e to proce$4 ,?is po9t seems s important 9 det]m9+ ! s9c]ity ( ,g]many's attitude & pacific prote/ations t we quote 9 ext5so4 ,aft] ref]r+ to ! previ\s friction betwe5 ,au/ria & ,s]via1 ! ,g]man ,:ite ,pap] says3 ,9 view ( ^! circum/ances1 ,au/ria _h to admit t x w\ld n be consi/5t ei!r ) ! dignity or self-pres]vation ( ! mon>*y to look on long] at ! op]ations on ! o!r side ( ! bord] )\t tak+ action4 ,! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,gov]nm5t advis$ u ( ?is view ( ! situation & ask$ our op9ion 9 ! matt]4 ,we 7 able to assure our ally mo/ he>tily ( our agreem5t ) h] view ( ! situation & to assure h] t any action t %e might consid] x necess>y to take 9 ord] to put an end to ! movem5t 9 ,s]via direct$ aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,mon>*y w\ld receive our approval4 ,we 7 fully aw>e 9 ?is connection t w>like moves on ! "p ( ,au/ria-,hung>y aga9/ ,s]via w\ld br+ ,russia into ! "q & might draw u into a w> 9 accordance ) our duties z an ally4 ,sir ,m4 de ,buns5's cr$ible te/imony is fur!r confirm$ by ! fact t ! ,briti% ,ambassador at ,b]l91 9 8 lett] ( ,july #bb to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey1 /ates t on ! prec$+ night 7,july #ba7 he _h met ! ,g]man ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,=eign ,affairs1 & an allusion 0 made to a possible action by ,au/ria4 ,8 ,excell5cy 0 evid5tly ( op9ion t ?is /ep on ,au/ria's "p w\ld h be5 made ere ?is4 ,he insi/$ t ! "q at issue 0 "o = settlem5t betwe5 ,s]via & ,au/ria alone1 & t !re %\ld be no int]f]5ce f outside 9 ! discussions betwe5 ^? two c\ntries4 ,he adds t :ile he _h reg>d$ x z inadvisable t 8 c\ntry %\ld approa* ,au/ria-,hung>y 9 ! matt]1 he _h on sev]al occasions 9 conv]sation ) ! ,s]vian ,m9i/] emphasiz$ ! extreme importance t ,au/ro-,s]vian relations %\ld be put on a prop] foot+4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #b4 ,"h we h ! fir/ /atem5t ( ,g]many's position 9 ! matt]1 a position :i* subsequ5t ev5ts %[$ to be entirely unt5able1 b to :i* ,g]many t5aci\sly adh]$ to ! v end1 & :i* did mu* to precipitate ! w>4 ,=getful ( ! solid>ity ( ,european civilization & ! fact t by policy & diplomatic int]c\rse cont9u+ ?r\gh _m c5turies a ,unit$ ,european ,/ate exi/s1 ev5 ?\gh its organization be z yet in*oate1 he took ! gr\nd t ,au/ria %\ld be p]mitt$ to proce$ to aggressive measures aga9/ ,s]via )\t int]f]5ce f any o!r p[]1 ev5 ?\gh1 z 0 inevitable1 ! humiliation ( ,s]via w\ld de/roy ! /atus ( ! ,balkan ,/ates & ev5 ?reat5 ! ,european balance ( p[]4 ,no space ne$ be tak5 9 conv9c+ any reasonable man t ?is ,au/rian ultimatum to ,s]via 0 brutal 9 its tone & unreasonable 9 its dem&s4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d 9 hi/ory a m (f5sive docum5t1 & its iniquity 0 enhanc$ by ! %ort %riv+ "t :i* x gave ei!r ,s]via or ,europe4 ,s]via _h =ty-eight h\rs to answ] :e!r x w\ld compromise its sov]eignty1 & virtually admit its complicity 9 a crime :i* x _h /eadily disav[$4 ,z ! full text ( ! ultimatum fir/ rea*$ ! ,=eign ,*ancell]ies ne>ly tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] its s]vice ^u ,s]via1 ! o!r ,european nations _h b>ely a day to consid] :at c\ld be done to pres]ve ! peace ( ,europe be=e t peace 0 fatally compromis$4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #e2 ,russian ,orange ,pap]1 ,no4 #c4 ,fur!r confirmation t ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice did h advance k ( at lea/ ! sub/ance ( ! ultimatum is %[n by ! fact t on ! same day ! ultimatum 0 issu$ ! ,*ancellor ( ! ,g]man ,empire in/ruct$ ! ,g]man ,ambassadors 9 ,p>is1 ,london1 & ,/4 ,pet]sburg to advise ! ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,russian ,gov]nm5ts t ! acts z well z ! dem&s ( ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,gov]nm5t _c b be look$ ^u z ju/ifi$4 ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]1 ,annex #a;,b4 ,h[ c\ld ,g]many ?us indorse ! dem&s if x did n "k ! sub/ance ( ! ultimatum8 ,! h\r :5 ^! in/ructions 7 s5t is n giv51 s t x does n foll[ t ^! significant in/ructions 7 necess>ily prior to ! s]vice ( ! ultimatum at ,belgrade at #f ,p4,m4 ,nev]!less1 z ! ultimatum did n rea* ! o!r capitals ( ,europe until ! foll[+ day1 z ! diplomatic correspond5ce cle>ly %[s1 x seems improbable t ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice w\ld h issu$ ?is v c>efully prep>$ & =mal w>n+ to ! o!r p[]s on ,july ! #bc;d unless x _h n only k ( ,au/ria's int5tion to s]ve ! ultimatum b also at lea/ ( ! sub/ance !re(4 ,:ile x may be t ,g]many1 :ile indors+ 9 blank ! policy ( ,au/ria1 purposely refra9$ f exam9+ ! text ( ! communication1 s t x c\ld !reaft] claim t x 0 n responsible = ,au/ria's action--a policy :i* w\ld n less5 ! discr$itable "* ( ! :ole bus9ess--yet ! m reasonable assumption is t ! simultane\s issuance ( ,au/ria's ultimatum at ,belgrade & ,g]many's w>n+ to ! p[]s 7 ! result ( a conc]t$ action & _h a common purpose4 ,no c\rt or jury1 reason+ along ! ord9>y inf]5ces ( human life1 w\ld "q ?is conclusion = a mom5t4 ,! communication = ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice la/ ref]r$ to anticipates t ,s]via w refuse to comply ) ^! dem&s--:y1 if !y 7 ju/ifi$8--& ,g]many sugge/s to ,france1 ,engl&1 & ,russia t if1 z a result ( su* non-compliance1 ,au/ria has rec\rse to milit>y measures1 t ! *oice ( means mu/ be left to x4 ,! ,g]man ,ambassadors 9 ! ?ree capitals 7 in/ruct$ to lay p>ticul> /ress on ! view t ! above "q is "o ! settlem5t ( :i* devolves solely ^u ,au/ria-,hung>y & ,s]via1 & "o :i* ! p[]s %\ld e>ne/ly /rive to conf9e to ! two c\ntries conc]n$1 & he add$ t ,g]many /rongly desir$ t ! dispute be localiz$1 s9ce any int]v5tion ( ano!r p[]1 on acc\nt ( ! v>i\s alliance obligations1 w\ld br+ consequ5ces impossible to measure4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ significant docum5ts 9 ! :ole correspond5ce4 ,if ,g]many 7 z ignorant z h] ,ambassador at ,london affect$ to be ( ! ,au/rian policy & ultimatum1 & if ,g]many 0 n !n in/igat+ & support+ ,au/ria 9 its p]il\s c\rse1 :y %\ld ! ,g]man ,*ancellor h s]v$ ?is ?reat5+ notice ^u ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,russia1 t ,au/ria mu/ be left free to make w> ^u ,s]via1 & t any attempt to int]v5e 9 behalf ( ! weak] nation w\ld br+ consequ5ces impossible to measure8 ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]1 ,annex #a;,b4 ,a few days lat] ! ,imp]ial ,*ancellor s5t to ! ,conf$]at$ ,gov]nm5ts ( ,g]many a confid5tial communication 9 :i* he recogniz$ ! possibility t ,russia might feel x a duty to take ! "p ( ,s]via 9 h] dispute ) ,au/ria-,hung>y4 ,:y1 aga91 if ,au/ria's case 0 s cle>ly ju/ifi$8 ,! ,imp]ial ,*ancellor add$ t if ,russia feels con/ra9$ to take sides ) ,s]via 9 ?is conflict1 %e c]ta9ly has a "r to d x1 b add$ t if ,russia did ?is x w\ld 9 effect *all5ge ! integrity ( ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,mon>*y1 & t ,russia w\ld !re=e alone-- be> ! responsibility if a ,european w> arises f ! ,au/ro-,s]vian "q1 :i* all ! re/ ( ! great ,european p[]s wi% to localize4 ,9 ?is significant confid5tial communication ! ,g]man ,*ancellor decl>es ! /rong int]e/ :i* ,g]many _h 9 ! puni%m5t ( ,s]via by ,au/ria4 ,he says our close/ int]e/s !re=e summon u to ! side ( ,au/ria-,hung>y1 & he adds t if contr>y to hope1 ! tr\ble %\ld spread1 ow+ to ! int]v5tion ( ,russia1 !n1 true to our duty z an ally1 we %\ld h to support ! neighbor+ mon>*y ) ! entire might ( ! ,g]man ,empire4 ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]1 ,annex #b4 ,9 rea*+ its conclusion our imag9>y c\rt w\ld pay little att5tion to m]e pr(essions ( a desire = peace4 ,a nation1 l an individual1 c cov]tly /ab ! peace ( ano!r :ile say+1 ,art ?\ 9 heal?1 my bro!r8 & ev5 ! peace ( civilization c be betray$ by a ,judas kiss4 ,pr(essions ( peace belong to ! cant ( diplomacy & h always *>act]iz$ ! mo/ bellicose ( nations4 ,no w> 9 mod]n times has be5 begun )\t ! aggressor pret5d+ t 8 nation wi%$ no?+ b peace & invok+ ,div9e aid = its murd]\s policy4 ,to p>aphrase ! words ( ,lady ,teazle on a not$ occasion :5 ,sir ,joseph ,surface talk$ mu* ( honor1 x might be z well 9 su* in/ances to leave ! "n ( ,god out ( ! "q4 ,let u1 !n1 analyze ! record z already made up2 & = ! sake ( cle>ness ! ev5ts :i* prec$$ ! w> w be consid]$ *ronologically4 ,imm$iately ^u ! receipt ( ! ultimatum 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg on ,july #bd1 ! ,russian ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs1 9 a =mal communication to ,au/ria-,hung>y1 sugge/$ t ! abrupt "t limit leaves to ! p[]s a delay entirely insuffici5t to und]take any useful /eps :atev] = ! /raight5+ out ( ! complications t h aris51 & add$3 ,to prev5t ! incalculable consequ5ces1 equally disa/r\s = all ! p[]s1 :i* c foll[ ! me?od ( action ( ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,gov]nm5t1 x seems indisp5sable to u t1 above all1 ! delay giv5 to ,s]via to reply %\ld be ext5d$4 ,sazon( fur!r sugge/$ t "t %\ld be giv5 = ! p[]s to exam9e ! results ( ! inquiry t ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,gov]nm5t _h made 9 ! matt] ( ! ,s]ajevo assass9ation1 & /at$ t if ! p[]s 7 conv9c$ ( ! well-gr\nd$ness ( c]ta9 ( ! ,au/rian dem&s !y w\ld f9d !mselves 9 a position to s5d to ! ,s]vian ,gov]nm5t consequ5tial advice4 ,he ju/ly obs]ves t a refusal to ext5d ! t]ms ( ! ultimatum 444 w\ld be 9 contradiction ) ! v bases ( int]national relations4 ,russian ,orange ,pap]1 ,no4 #d4 ,c\ld any c\rt "q ! ju/ice ( ?is cont5tion8 ,! peace ( ! _w 0 at /ake4 ,"t only 0 ask$ to see :at c\ld be done to pres]ve t peace & satisfy ,au/ria's grievances to ! utt]mo/ f>?+4 ,concurr5tly ) ,sazon('s plea = a little "t to pres]ve ! peace ( ! _w1 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey _h se5 ! ,g]man ,ambassador on ,july #bd & _h sugge/$ to him t ! only me?od ( prev5t+ ! cata/rophe 0 t ! f\r p[]s1 ,g]many1 ,france1 ,italy1 & ourselves1 7,engl&17 %\ld "w toge!r simultane\sly at ,vi5na & ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #aa4 ,g]many _h only to intimate to ,au/ria t a dec5t respect to ! op9ions ( mank9d1 z well z common c\rtesy to great & fri5dly nations1 requir$ t suffici5t "t be giv5 n only to ,s]via1 b to ! o!r nations1 to conc]t = ! common good1 especially z ! p]iod 0 "o ( ,summ] dullness & _m ( ! lead+ rul]s & /atesm5 7 abs5t f _! respective capitals4 ,"u ^! circum/ances 0 x n natural t ,russia %\ld ann\nce on ,july #bd t any action tak5 by ,au/ria to humiliate ,s]via w\ld n leave ,russia indiff]5t1 & t on ! same day ! ,russian ,*>g d',affaires at ,vi5na sugge/$ to ! ,au/rian ,=eign ,(fice t ! ,au/rian note 0 drawn up 9 a =m r5d]+ x impossible ( acceptance z x /ood1 & t x 0 bo? unusual & p]emptory 9 its t]ms8 ,to :i* ! only reply ( ! ,au/rian ,=eign ,m9i/] 0 t _! repres5tative 9 ,s]via 0 "u in/ructions to leave ,belgrade unless ,au/rian dem&s 7 accept$ 9 _! integrity by #d ,p4,m4 tomorr[4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #g4 ,au/ria's only concession !n or subsequ5tly to ! cause ( peace 0 ! assurance t ,au/ria w\ld n aft] its conque/ ( ,s]via dem& any t]ritory4 ,! action ( ,g]many on ?is day1 ,july #bd1 is mo/ significant4 ,its ,ambassador 9 ,engl& communicat$ a note to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey 9 :i* x ju/ifi$ ,au/ro-,hung>ian grievances & ultimatum by say+ t "u ^! circum/ances ! c\rse ( proc$ure & dem&s ( ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,gov]nm5t c only be reg>d$ z equitable & mod]ate4 ,! note add$3 ,! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t ,g]many want to emphasize _! op9ion t 9 ! pres5t case !re is only "q ( a matt] to be settl$ exclusively betwe5 ,au/ria-,hung>y & ,s]via1 & t ! great p[]s ought s]i\sly to endeavor to res]ve x to ^? two imm$iately conc]n$4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #i4 ,on ,july #be1 probably to ! great surprise ( bo? ,g]many & ,au/ria1 :i* _h def9itely calculat$ ^u ,s]vians non-compliance ) ! ultimatum1 ! latt] c\ntry1 "u ! conciliatory advice ( ,russia & ,engl&1 made a reply 9 :i*1 at "s sacrifice ( its self-respect z a sov]eign ,/ate1 x sub/antially accept$ all b "o ( ! dem&s ( ,au/ria1 & z to t x did n1 9 t]ms1 refuse x1 b express$ its will+ness to ref] x ei!r to arbitration or to a conf]5ce ( ! p[]s4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #ci4 ,no c\rt w\ld "q = a mom5t ! conclusion t ! reply 0 a sub/antial acquiesc5ce 9 ! extreme ,au/rian dem&s1 nor inde$ did ei!r ,g]many or ,au/ria s]i\sly cont5d t x 0 n4 ,!y cont5t$ !mselves ) impea*+ ! s9c]ity ( ! assurances1 call+ ! concessions %ams1 & ( ?is x is en\gh to say t if ,g]many & ,au/ria _h accept$ ,s]vians reply z suffici5t1 & ,s]via _h subsequ5tly fail$ to fulfill its promises ?us made 9 ! utmo/ good fai?1 !re w\ld h be5 little sympa?y = ,s]via1 & no g5]al w>4 ,inde$1 bo? ,russia & ,engl& pl$g$ _! influ5ce to compel ,s]via1 if necess>y1 to meet fully any reasonable dem& ( ,au/ria4 ,! out/&+ "q1 :i* ,s]via agre$ to arbitrate or leave to ! p[]s1 0 ! p>ticipation ( ,au/rian (ficials 9 ! ,s]vian c\rts4 ,?is did n pres5t a difficult problem4 ,au/ria's pr(ess$ desire = an imp>tial inve/igation c\ld h be5 easily atta9$ by hav+ ! neutral p[]s appo9t a commission ( juri/s to make su* inve/igation4 ,on ,july #bd ,sir ,edw>d ,grey also _h ask$ ! ,g]man ,ambassador to use 8 good influ5ces at ,vi5na to secure an ext5sion ( "t4 ,to ?is mo/ reasonable reque/ ! answ] & action ( ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t 0 dis+5u\s 9 ! extreme4 ,!y agre$ to pass on ! sugge/ion1 b ! ,g]man ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,=eign ,affairs add$ t z ! ,au/rian ,prime ,m9i/] 0 away f ,vi5na !re w\ld be delay & difficulty 9 gett+ ! "t limit ext5d$1 & he admitt$ q freely t ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,gov]nm5t wi%$ to give ! ,s]vians a lesson & t !y meant to take milit>y action4 ,he also admitt$ t ! ,s]vian ,gov]nm5t c\ld n swall[ c]ta9 ( ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian dem&s4 ,he add$ t ,g]many did n want a g5]al w> & he w\ld d all 9 8 p[] to prev5t su* a calamity4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,nos4 #aa & #ah4 ,imm$iately on ! issuance ( ! ultimatum ! ,au/rian ,=eign ,m9i/]1 ,c\nt ,b]*told1 _h mo/ inopportunely tak5 himself to ,is*l1 :]e he rema9$ until aft] ! expiration ( ! "t limit4 ,access to him prov$ difficult1 & ! ,russian ,*>g at ,vi5na1 hav+ lodg$ a pacific prote/ ) ! ,act+ ,=eign ,m9i/] 9 ord] to take no *ances1 telegraph$ x to ,b]*told at ,is*l4 ,nev]!less1 ,b]*told's app>5tly design$ abs5ce f ! capital 0 ,g]many's excuse = its failure to get ! "t limit ext5d$4 ,if ,g]many made any communication to ,au/ria 9 ! int]e/s ( peace ! text has yet to be disclos$ to ! _w4 ,a ^w f ,b]l9 to ,vi5na w\ld h giv5 ! additional "t :i*1 ) s9c]ely pacific int5tions1 might h result$ 9 ! pres]vation ( peace4 ,g]many1 s f> z ! record discloses1 nev] spoke t ^w4 ,contra/ ?is attitude ) t ( ,russia1 ^: ,=eign ,m9i/] on ! morn+ ( ,july #be (f]$ to /& aside & leave ! "q 9 ! h&s ( ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,italy4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #ag4 ,z ,russia 0 ! memb] ( ! ,triple ,ent5te mo/ int]e/$ 9 ! fate ( ,s]via1 :at proposal c\ld h be5 m conciliatory or magnanim\s8 ,on ,july #be ,sir ,edw>d ,grey propos$ t ! f\r p[]s 7includ+ ,g]many7 %\ld unite 9 ask+ ! ,au/rian & ,russian ,gov]nm5ts n to cross ! fronti] & to give "t = ! f\r p[]s1 act+ at ,vi5na & ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 to try & arrange matt]s4 ,if ,g]many w adopt ?is view ,i feel /rongly t ,france & ourselves %\ld act ^u x4 ,italy w\ld no d\bt gladly co-op]ate4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,nos4 #bd & #be4 ,to ?is reasonable reque/ ! ,imp]ial ,g]man ,*ancellor repli$3 ,fir/ & la/1 we take ! gr\nd t ?is "q mu/ be localiz$ by ! ab/5tion ( all ! p[]s f int]v5tion 9 x1 b add$ t ,g]many w\ld1 if an ,au/ro-,russian dispute arose1 co-op]ate ) ! o!r great p[]s 9 m$iation betwe5 ,russia & ,au/ria4 ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]1 ,annex #ac4 ,?is di/9ction is v h>d to grasp4 ,x attempts to measure ! diff]5ce betwe5 twe$l$um & twe$l$ee4 ,russia's diff]5ce ) ,au/ria 0 ov] ! attempt ( ! latt] to cru% ,s]via4 ,g]many w\ld n int]f]e 9 ! latt]1 b w\ld z an ab/ract proposition m$iate betwe5 ,russia & ,au/ria4 ,= all practical purposes ! two ?+s 7 indi/+ui%able4 ,h[ %e co-op]at$ we %all pres5tly see4 ,all t ,g]many did on ,july #be1 s f> z ! record discloses1 0 to pass on ,engl&'s & ,russia's reque/s = m "t1 b subsequ5t ev5ts indicate t x 0 pass$ on )\t any indorsem5t1 = is x cr$ible t ,au/ria w\ld h ignor$ its ally's reque/ = m "t if x _h ev] be5 made8 ,! ,au/rian ,=eign ,m9i/]1 hav+ laun*$ ! ultimatum1 abs5t$ himself f ! capital1 b ! ,russian ,m9i/] at ,vi5na1 z already /at$1 succe$$ 9 submitt+ ?is mo/ reasonable reque/ v]bally to ! ,act+ ,=eign ,m9i/]1 :o simply said t he w\ld submit x to ,c\nt ,b]*told1 b t he c\ld pr$ict ) assurance a categorical refusal4 ,lat] on t day 7,july #be7 ,russia 0 def9itely advis$ t no "t ext5sion w\ld be grant$4 ,russian ,orange ,pap]1 ,nos4 #aa & #ab4 ,0 ev] ! peace ( ! _w %att]$ ^u s slight a pretext8 ,a little "t1 a few days1 ev5 a few h\rs1 might h suffic$ to pres]ve ! _w f pres5t horrors1 b no "t c\ld be grant$4 ,a colossal snap judgm5t 0 to be tak5 by ^! pettifogg+ diplomats4 ,a timely ^w f ! ,g]man ,*ancellor w\ld h sav$ ! fl[] ( ! y\? ( ,g]many & ,au/ria f p]i%+4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d 9 record$ hi/ory a great] disc\rtesy to a fri5dly p[]1 = ,au/ria 0 n at w> ) ,russia4 ,defeat$ 9 _! ef=t to get an ext5sion ( "t1 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,russia made fur!r attempts to pres]ve peace by tempor>ily arre/+ milit>y proce$+s until ef=ts t[>d conciliation c\ld be made4 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey propos$ to ,g]many1 ,france1 ,russia1 & ,italy t !y %\ld unite 9 ask+ ,au/ria & ,s]via n to cross ! fronti] until we _h _h "t to try & arrange matt]s betwe5 !m1 b ! ,g]man ,ambassador read ,sir ,edw>d ,grey a telegram t he _h receiv$ f ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice t once %e ,au/ria _h laun*$ t note ! ultimatum ,au/ria c\ld n draw back4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #be4 ,z we h se51 ,g]many nev]1 s f> z ! record discloses1 s\ght 9 any way to influ5ce ,au/ria to make ?is or any concession4 ,its attitude 0 %[n by ! decl>ation ( its ,ambassador at ,p>is to ! ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs1 :i*1 :ile disclaim+ t ,g]many _h c\nt5anc$ ! ,au/rian ultimatum1 yet add$ t ,g]many approv$ its po9t ( view1 & t c]ta9ly ! arr[1 once s5t1 ,g]many c\ld n all[ h]self to be guid$ except by h] duty to h] ally4 ,?is seem$ to be ! fatal fallacy ( ,g]many1 t its duties to civilization 7 s slight t x %\ld support its ally1 ,au/ria1 :e!r ! latt] 7 "r or wrong4 ,su* 0 its policy1 & x c>ri$ x out ) fatal consi/5cy4 ,to support its ally 9 actual w> may be def5sible1 b to support x 9 times ( peace 9 an iniquit\s dem& & a policy ( gross disc\rtesy (f5ds e s5se ( int]national morality4 ,on ! foll[+ day ,russia propos$ to ,au/ria t !y %\ld ent] into an ex*ange ( private views1 ) ! object ( an alt]ation 9 common ( "s clauses ( ! ,au/rian note ( ,july #bc4 ,to ?is ,au/ria nev] ev5 repli$4 ,! ,russian ,m9i/] communicat$ ?is sugge/ion to ! ,g]man ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs & express$ ! hope t he w\ld f9d x possible to advise ,vi5na to meet our proposal1 b ?is did n accord ) ,g]man policy1 = on t day ! ,g]man ,ambassador 9 ,p>is call$ ^u ! ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs1 & 9 reply to a simil> sugge/ion t ,g]many %\ld sugge/ to ,vi5na to meet ,s]via 9 ! same conciliatory _s :i* ,s]via _h %[n1 ! ,ambassador answ]$ t t 0 n possible 9 view ( ! resolution tak5 n to int]f]e 9 ! ,au/ro-,s]vian conflict4 ,on ! same day ,engl& ask$ ,france1 ,italy1 & ,g]many to meet 9 ,london = an imm$iate conf]5ce to pres]ve ! peace ( ,europe1 & to ?is fruitful sugge/ion1 :i* might h sav$ ! peace ( ,europe1 ! ,g]man ,*ancellor repli$ ) ! pitiful quibble t x is impossible to br+ our ally be=e a ,european c\rt 9 its diff]5ce ) ,s]via1 al?\gh x affect$ to accept 9 pr9ciple ! policy ( m$iation4 ,g]many's acceptance 9 pr9ciple ( a policy :i* %e 9 practice ?w>t$ sugge/s ! law-abid+ t5d5cies ( t ,ma9e /atesman :o 0 = ! ,ma9e prohibition liquor law1 b aga9/ its en=cem5t4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #df4 ,g]many's refusal to h ,s]via's case submitt$ to ! p[]s ev5 = _! consid]ation is ! m /rik+ :5 x is recall$ t ! ,g]man ,ambassador at ,london quot$ to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey ! ,g]man ,secret>y ( ,/ate z say+ t !re 7 "s ?+s 9 ! ,au/rian note t ,s]via c\ld h>dly be expect$ to accept1 ?us recogniz+ t ,au/ria's ultimatum 01 at lea/ 9 "p1 unju/4 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey !n call$ ! ,g]man ,ambassador's att5tion to ! fact t if ,au/ria refus$ ! conciliatory reply ( ,s]via & m>*$ into t c\ntry x meant t %e 0 det]m9$ to cru% ,s]via at all co/s1 be+ reckless ( ! consequ5ces t might be involv$4 ,he add$ t ! ,s]vian reply %\ld at lea/ be treat$ z a basis = discussion & pause1 & ask$ t ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t %\ld urge ?is at ,vi5na1 b ! ,g]man ,secret>y ( ,/ate on ,july #bg repli$ t su* a conf]5ce 0 n practicable1 & t x w\ld practically am\nt to a c\rt ( arbitration1 & c\ld n1 9 8 op9ion1 be call$ toge!r except at ! reque/ ( ,au/ria & ,russia4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,nos4 #dc & #df4 ,t ?is 0 a m]e evasion is p]fectly pla94 ,g]many already knew t ,au/ria w\ld n ask = su* a conf]5ce1 = ,au/ria _h already refus$ ,russia's reque/ = an ext5sion ( "t & _h actually comm5c$ its milit>y op]ations4 ,g]many's attitude is be/ indicat$ by ! lett] ( ! ,russian ,m9i/] 9 ,g]many to ! ,russian ,=eign ,(fice 9 :i* he /ates t on ,july #bg he call$ at ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice & ask$ x to urge ^u ,vi5na 9 a m press+ fa%ion to take up ?is l9e ( conciliation4 ,jag[ repli$ t he c\ld n advise ,au/ria to yield4 ,russian ,orange ,pap]1 ,no4 #ch4 ,:y n8 ,russia _h advis$ ,s]via to yield1 & ,s]via _h conc$$ ne>ly e claim4 ,:y c\ld n ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice advise ,vi5na to meet conciliation by conciliation1 if its desire = peace 7 s9c]e8 ,all t ,russia & ,engl& desir$ 0 t a little "t & consid]ation %\ld be giv51 )\t prejudice to ! rights or claims ( ,au/ria1 be=e ! peace ( ! _w 0 hopelessly %att]$4 ,be=e ?is int]view took place ! ,fr5* ,ambassador _h call$ at ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice on a simil> err& & urg$ ! ,engli% sugge/ion t action %\ld at once be tak5 by ,engl&1 ,g]many1 ,russia1 & ,france at ,/4 ,pet]sburg & ,vi5na1 to ! effect t ,au/ria & ,s]via %\ld ab/a9 f any act :i* might aggravate ! situation at ! pres5t h\r4 ,by ?is 0 meant t !re %\ld be1 p5d+ fur!r p>leys1 no invasion ( ,s]via by ,au/ria & none ( ,au/ria by ,russia4 ,to ?is ! ,g]man ,=eign ,m9i/] oppos$ a categorical refusal4 ,on ! same day ! ,russian ,ambassador at ,vi5na _h a long & e>ne/ conv]sation ) ! ,au/rian ,"u ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,=eign ,affairs4 ,he express$ ! e>ne/ hope t some?+ w\ld be done be=e ,s]via 0 actually invad$4 ,b>on ,ma*io repli$ t ?is w\ld n[ be difficult1 z a skirmi% _h already tak5 place on ! ,danube1 9 :i* ! ,s]vians _h be5 aggressors4 ,! ,russian ,ambassador !n said t 8 c\ntry w\ld d all x c\ld to keep ! ,s]vians quiet1 & ev5 to fall back be=e an ,au/rian advance 9 ord] to ga9 "t4 ,he urg$ t ! ,au/rian ,ambassador at ,/4 ,pet]sburg %\ld be furni%$ ) full p[]s to cont9ue discussions ) ! ,russian ,m9i/] = ,=eign ,affairs1 :o 0 v will+ to advise ,s]via to yield all t c\ld be fairly ask$ ( h] z an indep5d5t p[]4 ,! only reply to ?is reasonable sugge/ion 0 t x w\ld be submitt$ to ! ,m9i/] = ,=eign ,affairs4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #ef4 ,on ! same day ! ,g]man ,ambassador at ,p>is call$ ^u ! ,fr5* ,=eign ,(fice & /rongly insi/$ on ! exclusion ( all possibility ( m$iation or ( conf]5ce1 & yet contemporane\sly ! ,imp]ial ,g]man ,*ancellor 0 advis+ ,london t he _h />t$ ! ef=ts t[>d m$iation 9 ,vi5na1 imm$iately 9 ! way desir$ by ,sir ,edw>d ,grey1 & _h fur!r communicat$ to ! ,au/rian ,=eign ,m9i/] ! wi% ( ! ,russian ,=eign ,m9i/] = a direct talk 9 ,vi5na4 ,:at hypocrisy6 ,9 ! =mal ,g]man def5se1 ! (ficial apologi/ = t c\ntry1 aft] /at+ 8 conviction t an act ( m$iation c\ld n take into consid]ation ! ,au/ro-,s]vian conflict1 :i* 0 purely an ,au/ro-,hung>ian affair1 claim$ t ,g]many _h transmitt$ ,sir ,edw>d ,grey's fur!r sugge/ion to ,vi5na1 9 :i* ,au/ria-,hung>y 0 urg$ ei!r to agree to accept ! ,s]vian answ] z suffici5t or to look ^u x z a basis = fur!r conv]sations2 b ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,gov]nm5t--play+ ! rle ( ! wick$ p>tn] ( ! comb9ation--9 full appreciation ( our m$iatory activity1 7s says ! ,g]man ,:ite ,pap] ) s>donic humor17 repli$ to ?is proposition t1 com+ z x did aft] ! op5+ ( ho/ilities1 x 0 too late4 ,does any reasonable man "q = a mom5t t1 if ,g]many _h done some?+ m ?an m]ely transmit ^! wise & pacific sugge/ions1 ,au/ria w\ld h compli$ ) ! sugge/ions ( its p[]ful ally or t ,au/ria w\ld h susp5d$ its milit>y op]ations if ,g]many _h giv5 any intimation ( su* a wi%8 ,on ! foll[+ day1 ,july #bh1 ! door 0 fur!r clos$ on any possibility ( compromise :5 ! ,au/rian ,m9i/] = ,=eign ,affairs said1 quietly b firmly1 t no discussion c\ld be accept$ on ! basis ( ! ,s]vian note2 t w> w\ld be decl>$ today1 & t ! well-kn[n pacific "* ( ! ,emp]or1 z well z1 he might add1 8 own1 might be accept$ z a gu>antee t ! w> 0 bo? j & inevitable2 t ?is 0 a matt] t mu/ be settl$ directly betwe5 ! two p>ties imm$iately conc]n$4 ,to ?is arrogant & unreasonable cont5tion t ,europe mu/ accept ! gu>antee ( ! ,au/rian ,=eign ,m9i/] z to ! righte\sness ( ,au/ria's qu>rel ! ,briti% ,ambassador sugge/$ ! l>g] aspect ( ! "q1 namely1 ! peace ( ,europe1 & to ?is l>g] aspect1 :i* %\ld h giv5 any reasonable (ficial "s gr\nd = pause1 ! ,au/rian ,=eign ,m9i/] repli$ t he _h x also 9 m9d1 b ?\ght t ,russia ought n to oppose op]ations l ^? imp5d+1 :i* did n aim at t]ritorial aggr&izem5t1 & :i* c\ld no long] be po/pon$4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #fb4 ,! private conv]sations betwe5 ,russia & ,au/ria hav+ ?us fail$1 ,russia return$ to ! proposition ( a ,european conf]5ce to pres]ve its peace4 ,its ,ambassador 9 ,vi5na on ,july #bh _h a conf]5ce ) ,b]*told & po9t$ to ! dang]s to ! peace ( ,europe & ! desirability ( good relations betwe5 ,au/ria-,hung>y & ,russia4 ,to ?is ,c\nt ,b]*told repli$ t he und]/ood p]fectly well ! s]i\sness ( ! situation & ! advantages ( a frank explanation ) ! ,cab9et at ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,he told me t1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,gov]nm5t1 :i* _h only reluctantly decid$ ^u ! en]getic measures :i* x _h tak5 aga9/ ,s]via1 c\ld n[ nei!r )draw nor ent] ^u any discussion ( ! t]ms ( ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian note4 ,russian ,orange ,pap]1 ,no4 #de4 ,on ! same day1 ,july #bh1 ! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,*ancellor s5t = ! ,engli% ,ambassador & excus$ 8 failure to accept ! proposal ( conf]5ce ( ! neutral p[]s1 on ! gr\nd t he did n ?9k x w\ld be effective1 because su* a conf]5ce w\ld 9 8 op9ion h ! appe>ance ( an ',areopagus' consi/+ ( two p[]s ( ea* gr\p sitt+ 9 judgm5t ^u ! two rema9+ p[]s4 ,aft] engag+ 9 ?is pitiful & ins9c]e quibble1 & :5 rem9d$ ( ,s]via's conciliatory reply1 am\nt+ to a virtual surr5d]1 8 ,excell5cy said t he did n wi% to discuss ! ,s]vian note1 b t ,au/ria's /&po9t1 & 9 ?is he agre$1 0 t h] qu>rel ) ,s]via 0 a purely ,au/rian conc]n1 ) :i* ,russia _h no?+ to d4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #ga4 ,at ?is po9t ! rules ( ! c\ntries int]v5$ 9 ! dispute4 ,! ,kais]1 hav+ return$ f ,norway1 telegraph$ ! ,cz>1 "u date ( ,july #bh1 t he 0 ex]t+ all my influ5ce to endeavor to make ,au/ria-,hung>y come to an op5 & satisfy+ und]/&+ ) ,russia1 & invok$ ! ,cz>'s aid4 ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]1 ,annex #bj4 ,if ! ,kais] 7 s9c]e1 & he may h be51 8 attitude 0 n t ( 8 ,=eign ,(fice4 ,^u ! face ( ! record we h only 8 own assurance t he 0 do+ ev]y?+ to pres]ve peace1 b ! /eps t he took or ! communications he made to influ5ce ,au/ria are n f\nd 9 ! =mal def5se :i* ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t has giv5 to ! _w4 ,! ,kais] c only conv9ce ! _w ( 8 innoc5ce ( ! crime ( 8 ,potsdam cam>illa by giv+ ! _w ! text ( any advice he gave ! ,au/rian (ficials4 ,he has produc$ 8 telegrams to ! ,cz>4 ,:]e are ^? he presumably s5t to ,francis ,joseph or ,c\nt ,b]*told8 ,:]e are ! in/ructions he gave 8 own ,ambassadors or ,=eign ,m9i/]8 ,x is significant t on ! same day ,sazon( telegraph$ to ,c\nt ,b5ck5dorff3 ,my conv]sations ) ! ,g]man ,ambassador confirm my impression t ,g]many is r favorable to ! uncompromis+ attitude adopt$ by ,au/ria1 & he adds1 & hi/ory w v9dicate him 9 ! conclusion1 t ! ,b]l9 ,cab9et1 :i* might h be5 able to arre/ ! :ole developm5t ( ?is crisis1 seems to ex]cise no action on its ally4 ,russian ,orange ,pap]1 ,no4 #dc4 ,on ,july #bi ,sir ,edw>d ,gos*5 telegraph$ ,sir ,edw>d ,grey t he _h t night se5 ! ,g]man ,*ancellor1 :o _h j return$ f ,potsdam1 :]e he _h presumably se5 ! ,kais]4 ,! ,g]man ,*ancellor !n %[$ cle>ly h[ ! w9d 0 bl[+ 9 mak+ ! sugge/ion to ,sir ,edw>d ,gos*5 t if ,engl& w\ld rema9 neutral1 ,g]many w\ld agree to gu>antee t %e w\ld n take any ,fr5* t]ritory4 ,:5 ask$ ab\t ! ,fr5* colonies1 no assurance 0 giv54 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #he4 ,lat] 9 ! day ! ,g]man ,*ancellor aga9 saw ! ,engli% ,ambassador1 & express$ regret t ev5ts _h m>*$ too rapidly1 & t x 0 !re=e too late to act ^u y\r ,sir ,edw>d ,grey's sugge/ion t ! ,s]vian reply might =m ! basis ( discussion4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #ge4 ,on ! same day ! ,ambassador = ,g]many at ,/4 ,pet]sburg call$ ^u ,sazon( & express$ himself 9 favor ( fur!r explanations betwe5 ,vi5na & ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 to :i* ,sazon( ass5t$4 ,russian ,orange ,pap]1 ,no4 #di4 ,on ! same day ,sir ,edw>d ,grey ask$ ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t to sugge/ any =m ( proc$ure "u :i* ! idea ( m$iation betwe5 ,au/ria & ,russia1 already accept$ by ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t 9 pr9ciple1 c\ld be appli$4 ,to :i* ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice repli$ t x c\ld n act = fe> t if !y made to _! ally any sugge/ion t look$ l pressure x might cause !m ,au/ria to precipitate matt] & pres5t a fait accompli4 ,see lett] ( ,sir ,edw>d ,gos*5 to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey1 ,july #bi--;,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #gj4 ,?is 0 ! la/ & wor/ ( ! quibbles put =? to ga9 "t :ile ,au/ria 0 mak+ progress t[>d ,belgrade4 ,x assumes t ,au/ria might n only fail to respect ! wi% 9 a matt] ( common conc]n ( its m p[]ful ally1 b t x might act 9 disreg>d ( ,g]many's wi%4 ,?is /ra9s human cr$ulity to ! break+ po9t4 ,did ! ,g]man ,secret>y ( ,/ate keep a /raight face :5 he utt]$ ?is s>donic pleasantry8 ,x may be ! duty ( a diplomat to lie on occasion1 b is x ev] necess>y to utt] su* a /upid falsehood8 ,! ,g]man ,secret>y ( ,/ate s>donically add$ 9 ! same conv]sation t he 0 n sure t ! ef=t = peace _h n ha/5$ ! decl>ation ( w>1 z ?\gh ! decl>ation ( w> aga9/ ,s]via _h n be5 plann$ & expect$ f ! fir/4 ,z a f9al ef=t to meet quibbles1 ! ,briti% ,ambassador at ,b]l9 !n sugge/$ t aft] ,au/ria _h satisfi$ h] milit>y pre/ige1 ! mom5t might !n be favorable = f\r dis9t]e/$ p[]s to discuss ! situation & come =w>d ) sugge/ions = prev5t+ grav] complications4 ,to ?is proposal ! ,g]man ,secret>y ( ,/ate seem+ly acquiesc$1 b1 z usual1 no?+ :atev] 0 done4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #gf4 ,x is true t on ,july #bi ,sir ,edw>d ,grey 0 assur$ by ! ,g]man ,ambassador t ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice 0 endeavor+ to make ,vi5na expla9 9 a satisfactory =m at ,/4 ,pet]sburg ! scope & ext5sion ( ,au/rian proce$+s 9 ,s]via1 b aga9 ! communications :i* ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice s5t to ,vi5na on ?is po9t h nev] yet be5 disclos$ to ! _w4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #hd4 ,9 ?is same conf]5ce ,sir ,edw>d ,grey urg$ t ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t %\ld sugge/ any me?od by :i* ! influ5ce ( ! f\r p[]s c\ld be us$ toge!r to prev5t w> betwe5 ,au/ria & ,russia4 ,france agre$1 ,italy agre$4 ,! :ole idea ( m$iation or m$iat+ influ5ce 0 ready to be put into op]ation by any me?od t ,g]many c\ld sugge/ if m9e 7 n acceptable4 ,9 fact1 m$iation 0 ready to come into op]ation by any me?od t ,g]many ?\ght possible1 if only ,g]many w\ld 'press ! button' 9 ! int]e/s ( peace4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #hd4 ,! difficulty 01 h[ev]1 t ,g]many nev] press$ ! button1 al?\gh obvi\sly x w\ld h be5 easy = h] to d s1 z ! /rong] & m influ5tial memb] ( ! ,d\ble ,alliance4 ,on ! same day ! ,au/rian ,gov]nm5t left a memor&um ) ,sir ,edw>d ,grey to ! effect t ,c\nt ,m5sdorff said t ! w> ) ,s]via mu/ proce$4 ,on ! night ( ,july #bi ! ,briti% ,ambassador at ,b]l9 0 in=m$ t ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice _h n _h "t to s5d an answ] yet to ! proposal t ,g]many sugge/ ! =m ( m$iation1 b t ! "q _h be5 ref]r$ to ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,gov]nm5t ) a reque/ z to :at w\ld satisfy !m4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #ajg4 ,on ! foll[+ day ! ,g]man ,ambassador in=m$ ,sir ,edw>d ,grey t ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t w\ld endeavor to influ5ce ,au/ria1 aft] tak+ ,belgrade & ,s]vian t]ritory 9 ! region ( ! fronti]1 to promise n to advance fur!r1 :ile ! p[]s endeavor$ to arrange t ,s]via %\ld give satisfaction suffici5t to pacify ,au/ria1 b if ,g]many ev] ex]cis$ any su* pressure ^u ,vi5na1 no evid5ce ( x has ev] be5 giv5 to ! _w4 ,c]ta9ly x 0 n v effective1 & = ! reasons m5tion$ x is impossible to conclude t ! advice ( ,g]many1 if 9 good fai?1 w\ld n h be5 foll[$ by its weak] ally4 ,f all t appe>s 9 ! record1 ,au/ria made no reply to ?is mo/ conciliatory sugge/ion ( ,engl&1 b1 9 ! meantime1 ! irrepressible ,kais] made ! crisis m acute by cabl+ to ! ,cz> t ! mobilization ( ,russia to meet ! mobilization ( ,au/ria 0 affect+ 8 position ( m$iator1 to :i* ! ,cz> made a conciliatory reply1 /at+ t ,russia's mobilization 0 only = a def5se aga9/ ,au/ria4 ,! ,cz>1 to put at re/ any anxiety ( ! ,kais] z to ,russia's int5tions ) respect to ,g]many1 add$3 ,i ?ank y cordially = y\r m$iation :i* p]mits ! hope t ev]y?+ may yet end peaceably4 ,x is te*nically impossible to discont9ue our milit>y prep>ations :i* h be5 made necess>y by ! ,au/rian mobilization4 ,x is f> f u to want w>4 ,z long z ! negotiations betwe5 ,au/ria & ,s]via cont9ue1 my troops w und]take no provocative action4 ,i give y my solemn ^w !reon4 ,i confide ) all my fai? 9 ! grace ( ,god1 & ,i hope = ! success ( y\r m$iation 9 ,vi5na = ! welf>e ( our c\ntries & ! peace ( ,europe4 ,:at m c\ld ,russia d8 ,if ,au/ria cont9u$ to mobilize1 :y n ,russia8 ,on ?is day1 ,july #cj1 ! ,g]man ,ambassador _h two int]views at ,/4 ,pet]sburg ) ,sazon(1 & x 0 !n t ,sazon( drew up ! foll[+ =mula z a basis = peace3 ,if ,au/ria1 recogniz+ t h] conflict ) ,s]via has assum$ "* ( "q ( ,european int]e/1 decl>es h]self ready to elim9ate f h] ultimatum ! po9ts :i* violate pr9ciple ( sov]eignty ( ,s]via1 ,russia engages to /op all milit>y prep>ations4 ,russian ,orange ,pap]1 ,no4 #fj4 ,at ?is /age ,k+ ,george telegraph$ ,pr9ce ,h5ry ( ,prussia t ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t 0 do+ its utmo/1 sugge/+ to ,russia & ,france to susp5d fur!r milit>y prep>ations1 if ,au/ria w cons5t to be satisfi$ ) ! occupation ( ,belgrade & neighbor+ ,s]vian t]ritory z a ho/age = satisfactory settlem5t ( h] dem&s1 o!r c\ntries mean:ile susp5d+ _! w> prep>ation4 ,! ,k+ adds a hope t ! ,kais] w use 8 great influ5ce to induce ,au/ria to accept ?is proposal1 ?us prov+ t ,g]many & ,engl& are work+ toge!r to prev5t :at w\ld be an int]national cata/rophe4 ,second ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]4 ,?is la/ proposition1 h[ev]1 0 nev] accept$ or decl9$1 = ! impetu\s ,kais] gave 8 twelve-h\r ultimatum to ,russia to demobilize1 & ?is 0 an arrogant dem& :i* no self-respect+ p[]1 mu* less s great a "o z ,russia1 c\ld possibly accept4 ,:ile ?is dem& 0 9 progress ,sir ,edw>d ,grey 0 mak+ 8 la/ attempt to pres]ve peace by ask+ ,g]many to s\nd ,vi5na1 z he w\ld s\nd ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 :e!r x w\ld be possible = ! f\r dis9t]e/$ p[]s to (f] to ,au/ria t !y w\ld und]take to see t %e obta9$ full satisfaction ( h] dem&s on ,s]via1 provid$ !y did n emb>rass ,s]vian sov]eignty & ! integrity ( ,s]vian t]ritory4 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey w5t s f> z to tell ! ,g]man ,ambassador t if ?is 0 n satisfactory1 & if ,g]many w\ld make any reasonable proposals to pres]ve peace & ,russia & ,france reject$ x1 t 8 ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t w\ld h no?+ to d ) ! consequ5ces1 :i* obvi\sly meant ei!r neutrality or actual int]v5tion 9 behalf ( ,g]many & ,au/ria4 ,on ! same day ! ,briti% ,ambassador at ,b]l9 bes\ght ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice to put pressure on ! au?orities at ,vi5na to d some?+ 9 ! g5]al int]e/ to reassure ,russia & to %[ !mselves dispos$ to cont9ue discussions on a fri5dly basis4 ,& ,sir ,edw>d ,gos*5 reports t ! ,g]man ,=eign ,m9i/] repli$ t la/ night he _h begg$ ,au/ria to reply to y\r la/ proposal1 & t he _h receiv$ a reply to ! effect t ! ,au/rian ,m9i/] = ,=eign ,affairs w\ld take ! wi%es ( ! ,emp]or ?is morn+ 9 ! matt]4 ,aga9 ! text ( ! lett] 9 :i* ,g]many begg$ ,au/ria to be conciliatory is n f\nd 9 ! record4 ,! excuse ( ,g]many t ! mobilization ( ,russia compell$ x to mobilize does n ju/ify ! w>4 ,mobilization does n necess>ily mean aggression1 b simply prep>ation4 ,if ,russia _h ! "r to mobilize because ,au/ria mobiliz$1 ,g]many equally _h ! "r to mobilize :5 ,russia mobiliz$1 b x does n foll[ t ei!r ( ! ?ree nations c\ld ju/ify a w> to compel ! o!r p>ties to demobilize4 ,mobilization is only a prep>ation aga9/ ev5tualities4 ,x is ! "r ( ! sov]eign ,/ate & by no code ( e?ics a casus belli4 ,! dem& ( ,g]many t ,russia c\ld n arm to def5d itself1 :5 ,au/ria 0 prep>+ = a possible attack on ,russia1 has few1 if any1 p>allels 9 hi/ory = bully+ effront]y4 ,x treat$ ,russia z an inf]ior1 almo/ a vassal1 ,/ate4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t1 :ile ,g]many insi/$ t ,russia %\ld demobilize1 ! ,kais] (f]$ no reciprocal promise4 ,on 8 !ory ,g]many & ,au/ria 7 to be left free to complete _! prep>ations1 b ,russia 0 to tie h] own h&s & leave h]self nak$ to h] enemies4 ,?is is %[n by ! la/ telegrams :i* pass$ betwe5 ! ,cz> & ,kais]4 ,! ,cz> telegraph$3 ,i h receiv$ y\r telegram4 ,i compreh5d t y are =c$ to mobilize1 b ,i %\ld l to h f y ! same gu>anty :i* ,i h giv5 y1 viz41 t ^! measures d n mean w>1 & t we %all cont9ue to negotiate = ! welf>e ( our two c\ntries & ! univ]sal peace :i* is s de> to our he>ts4 ,) ! aid ( ,god x mu/ be possible to our long-tri$ fri5d%ip to prev5t ! %$d+ ( blood4 ,i expect ) full confid5ce y\r urg5t reply4 ,to ?is ! ,kais] repli$3 ,i ?ank y = y\r telegram4 ,i h %[n ye/]day to y\r ,gov]nm5t ! way ?r\gh :i* alone w> may yet be av]t$4 ,al?\gh ,i ask$ = a reply by today noon1 no telegram f my ,ambassador has rea*$ me ) ! reply ( y\r ,gov]nm5t4 ,i !re=e h be5 =c$ to mobilize my army4 ,an imm$iate1 cle>1 & unmi/akable reply ( y\r ,gov]nm5t is ! sole way to avoid endless mis]y4 ,until ,i receive ?is reply ,i am unable1 to my great grief1 to ent] ^u ! subject ( y\r telegram4 ,i mu/ ask mo/ e>ne/ly t y1 )\t delay1 ord] y\r troops to commit1 "u no circum/ances1 ! slighte/ violation ( our fronti]s4 ,?is impetu\s /ep ( ,g]many to compel its great neighbor to desi/ f milit>y prep>ations to def5d itself came mo/ inopportunely1 = on ,aug4 #a ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,ambassador = ! fir/ "t decl>$ to ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t its will+ness to discuss ! t]ms ( ! ,au/rian ultimatum to ,s]via1 & x 0 !n sugge/$ t ! =m ( ! ultimatum & ! que/ions aris+ !reon %\ld be discuss$ 9 ,london4 7,dispat* f ,briti% ,ambassador at ,vi5na to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey1 dat$ ,sept4 #a1 #aiad47 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey at once advis$ ! ,engli% ,ambassador 9 ,b]l9 ( ! fact1 & urg$ t x 0 /ill possible to ma9ta9 peace if only a little respite 9 "t c be ga9$ be=e any great p[] beg9s w>1 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,no4 #aca4 b ! ,kais]1 hav+ issu$ ! arrogant ultimatum to ,russia to demobilize 9 twelve h\rs1 _h gone too f> = retreat1 &1 spurr$ on by ! arrogant ,potsdam milit>y p>ty1 he let slip ! dogs ( w>4 ,aft] ! fatal ,rubicon _h be5 cross$ & ! die 0 ca/ ! ,cz> telegraph$ ,k+ ,george3 ,9 ?is solemn h\r ,i wi% to assure y once m ,i h done all 9 my p[] to av]t w>4 ,su* w be ! v]dict ( hi/ory4 ,! ,judgm5t4 ,^! are ! facts z %[n by ! record1 & ^u !m1 9 my judgm5t1 an imp>tial c\rt w\ld n hesitate to pass ! foll[+ judgm5t3 #a--,t ,g]many & ,au/ria 9 a "t ( pr(\nd peace secretly conc]t$ toge!r to impose _! w ^u ,europe & ^u ,s]via 9 a matt] affect+ ! balance ( p[] 9 ,europe4 ,:e!r 9 s do+ !y int5d$ to precipitate a ,european w> to det]m9e ! ma/]y ( ,europe is n satisfactorily e/abli%$1 al?\gh _! :ole c\rse ( conduct sugge/s ?is z a possibility4 ,!y made w> almo/ inevitable by 7a7 issu+ an ultimatum t 0 grossly unreasonable & disproportionate to any grievance t ,au/ria _h & 7b7 9 giv+ to ,s]via1 & ,europe1 insuffici5t "t to consid] ! rights & obligations ( all int]e/$ nations4 #b--,t ,g]many _h at all times ! p[] to compel ,au/ria to pres]ve a reasonable & conciliatory c\rse1 b at no "t effectively ex]t$ t influ5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 %e c]ta9ly abett$1 & possibly in/igat$1 ,au/ria 9 its unreasonable c\rse4 #c--,t ,engl&1 ,france1 ,italy1 & ,russia at all times s9c]ely work$ = peace1 & = ?is purpose n only ov]look$ ! orig9al misconduct ( ,au/ria b made e reasonable concession 9 ! hope ( pres]v+ peace4 #d--,t ,au/ria1 hav+ mobiliz$ its army1 ,russia 0 reasonably ju/ifi$ 9 mobiliz+ its =ces4 ,su* act ( mobilization 0 ! "r ( any sov]eign ,/ate1 & z long z ! ,russian armies did n cross ! bord] or take any aggressive action no o!r nation _h any j "r to compla91 ea* hav+ ! same "r to make simil> prep>ations4 #e--,t ,g]many1 9 abruptly decl>+ w> aga9/ ,russia = failure to demobilize :5 ! o!r p[]s _h (f]$ to make any reasonable concession & peace p>leys 7 /ill 9 progress1 precipitat$ ! w>4 #f--,t ,belgium z a sov]eign ,/ate has z an inh]5t "r ! p[] to det]m9e :5 & "u :at conditions an ali5 c cross h] fronti]s4 ,?is "r exi/s indep5d5tly ( treaties1 b is1 9 ! case ( ,belgium1 re9=c$ by ! ,treaty ( #ahci & ,! ,hague ,conv5tion1 :]eby ! lead+ ,european nations 7includ+ ,g]many7 gu>antee its p]petual neutrality4 ,! invasion ( ,belgium by ,g]many 0 9 violation ( ^! rights1 & ,engl& only respect$ its own solemn cov5ant :51 9 def5se ( t neutrality1 x decl>$ w> aga9/ ,g]many4 ,9 ,conclusion4 ,! writ] ( ?is article has rea*$ ^! conclusions ) reluctance1 z he has a feel+ ( deep affection = ! ,g]man p & equal admiration = _! ideals & mat*less progress4 ,ev5 m he admires ! magnific5t c\rage ) :i* ! ,g]man ,nation1 beset on e h& by p[]ful antagoni/s1 is n[ def5d+ its pre/ige z a nation4 ,! :ole-he>t$ devotion ( ?is great nation to its flag is wor?y ( ! be/ traditions ( ! ,teutonic race4 ,nev]!less1 ?is _c alt] ! e?ical tru?1 :i* /&s ap>t f any consid]ations ( nationality2 nor c x affect ! conclusion t ! ,g]man ,nation has be5 plung$ into ?is abyss by its s*em+ /atesm5 & its self-c5tr$ & highly neurotic ,kais]1 :o 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury s9c]ely believes t he is ! proxy ( ,almighty ,god on e>?1 & !re=e infallible4 ,9 visit+ its condemnation1 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,civilization %\ld !re=e di/+ui% betwe5 ! milit>y ca/e1 head$ by ! ,kais] & ! ,cr[n ,pr9ce1 :i* precipitat$ ?is great calamity1 & ! ,g]man p4 ,! v secrecy ( ! plot aga9/ ! peace ( ! _w & ! failure to disclose to ! ,g]man p ! diplomatic communications h]e9be=e quot$1 /rongly sugge/ t ?is dete/able w> is n m]ely a crime aga9/ civilization1 b also aga9/ ! deceiv$ & misl$ ,g]man p4 ,!y h a vision & are ess5tially progressive & peace-lov+ 9 _! national *>act]i/ics1 :ile ! ideals ( _! milit>y ca/e are ^? ( ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,"o day ! ,g]man p w "k ! full tru? & !n !re w be a dreadful reckon+ = ^? :o h plung$ a noble & peace-lov+ nation into ?is fa?omless *asm ( mis=tune4 ,?\gh ! mills ( ,god gr9d sl[ly1 ,yet !y gr9d exce$+ small1 ,?\gh ) pati5ce ,he /&s wait+1 ,) exactness gr9ds ,he all4 ,critics ,dispute ,mr4 ,beck ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,x is regrettable t ,presid5t ,wilson's admirable policy ( /rict neutrality is n m s9c]ely & c>efully obs]v$ by ! press & public ( ?is c\ntry4 ,we are a cosmopolitan nation4 ,citiz5s ( ! five great w>r+ c\ntries & _! desc5dants1 to a v great ext5t1 con/itute our population4 ,p>tiality ( any k9d t5ds to de/roy ! elem5tal ties :i* b9d u toge!r1 to disrupt our ,union1 & to make u a h\se divid$ aga9/ itself4 ,james ,m4 ,beck's article 9 la/ ,sunday's ,,times is ( ! k9d :i*1 s]v+ no good purpose1 helps to loos51 if n sev]1 our mo/ vital dome/ic ties4 ,:ile n = an in/ant d\bt+ ,mr4 ,beck's s9c]ity1 we mu/ take issue ) 8 inadv]t5tly ill-tim$ expression ( op9ion4 ,! article 9 "q is bas$ on ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ,any discussion ( ! e?ical m]its ( ?is great controv]sy mu/ />t ) ! assumption t !re is su* a ?+ z int]national morality4 ,h[ does ,mr4 ,beck def9e int]national morality8 ,h[ c he assume t to exi/ :i* ea* ( ! cont5d+ nations by _! div]se actions prove to be non-extant8 ,h[ c he claim t !re is an int]national morality ( accept$ =m :5 ea* nation claims t its int]pretation mu/ be accept$ by ! o!rs8 ,mr4 ,beck's allegation t ! "q ,0 ,engl& ju/ifi$ 9 decl>+ w> aga9/ ,g]many8 is m easily dispos$ ( ?an ! que/ions ,0 ,au/ria ju/ifi$ 9 decl>+ w> aga9/ ,s]via8 & ,0 ,g]many ju/ifi$ 9 decl>+ w> aga9/ ,russia & ,france8 proves two ?+s--fir/1 t 8 int]e/ lies prim>ily 9 ! v9dication ( ,engl&2 second1 t he disreg>ds ! fundam5tal causes & recognizes only ! precipitat+ causes ( ! w>4 ,! precipitat+ cause ( ! w> betwe5 ,engl& & ,g]many is v]bosely if inadequately cov]$ by 8 article4 ,we mu/ admit t a treaty 0 brok5 by ,g]many1 yet we cont5d t ?is brok5 agreem5t 0 a pretext = a w> fom5t$ & impell$ by basic economic causes4 ,at ! outset1 let u di/+ui% betwe5 a contract & a treaty4 ,a contract is an agreem5t betwe5 individuals contemplat+ en=cem5t by a c\rt ( law2 puni%m5t by money damages 9 ! great majority ( cases1 by a specific p]=mance 9 a v few4 ,a treaty is an agreem5t betwe5 nations contemplat+ en=cem5t by a c\rt ( int]national public op9ion2 puni%m5t by money indemnity 9 ! great majority ( cases1 by specific p]=mance 7i4e41 =ce ( arms7 9 a v few4 ,g]many's ,exi/5ce ,?reat5$4 ,g]many cont5ds t h] brea* ( treaty obligation is puni%able by ! paym5t ( money indemnity to ! aggriev$ p>ty4 ,?is %e has (f]$ to d 9 ! case ( ,belgium1 z %e has already done 9 ! case ( ,luxemburg4 ,g]many's exi/5ce 0 s s]i\sly ?reat5$ t h] action seems ju/ifiable1 & !re rema9s a sole moral obligation to comp5sate any neutral c\ntry injur$ by h]4 ,! m]e fact t ,belgium _h made an un=tunate alliance ) ,engl& is deplorable 9 t ,belgium has suff]$ t]ribly2 b ?is suff]+ is n attributable to ,g]many4 ,:5 ,japan violat$ ,*9ese neutrality1 ,*9a prote/$4 ,?\gh %e 0 entitl$ to a money indemnity1 !re is no valid reason "u ! sun :y ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a gu>antor ( ! integrity ( ,*9a %\ld decl>e w> aga9/ ,japan4 ,engl&'s ju/ification1 9 s f> z !re c be any ju/ification = add+ to ! toll ( dea?1 is ! same z t ( ,g]many1 ! pres]vation ( national sov]eignty4 ,fur!r3 ,x seems unnecess>y to discuss ! wanton disreg>d ( ^! solemn obligations4 ,!re c be no?+ wanton 9 a /ruggle = exi/5ce1 & t ?is ,european w> is su* a /ruggle is ! only possible explanation ( its magnitude1 f]ocity1 & va/ possible consequ5ces4 ,!n1 too1 ?\gh deplorable1 treaty obligations are n solemn1 z ,italy has prov$ to ! complete satisfaction ( s _m4 ,italy's cont5tion t ?is is an aggressive w> on ! "p ( ,g]many & ,au/ria is z unt5able z ! ,g]man cont5tion t x is an aggressive w> on ! "p ( ,engl&4 ,= ?is w> 0 n an aggressive w> on ! "p ( any nation1 b an unavoidable w> caus$ by ! simultane\s bur/+ ( ! long-ga!r+ economic /orm cl\ds4 ,aga93 ,! e?ical aspects ( ?is great conflict mu/ l>gely dep5d ^u ! record t has be5 made up by ! (ficial communications4 ,?is is simil> to a cont5tion t ! e?ical rights 9 a case 9 c\rt mu/ dep5d ^u ! a/ut5ess ( c\nsel 9 summ+ up to ! jury4 ,a c\rt w\ld be deeply impress$ 444 by ! significant omissions ( docum5ts kn[n to be 9 exi/5ce4 ,a c\rt ( law1 z our =m] ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates surely kn[s1 compels no "o to give te/imony t t5ds to incrim9ate1 &1 fur!rmore1 does n con/rue failure to te/ify on ! gr\nds t x w t5d to incrim9ate aga9/ ! def5dant4 ,9 ! law ! def5dant is entitl$ to e reasonable d\bt4 ,x is also conceivable t a reasonable "t = ! def5se to pres5t its case w\ld be grant$ be=e pass+ judgm5t4 ,pass+ on3 ,to discuss ! ju/ice ( ,au/ria's grievances aga9/ ,s]via w\ld take u 444 into ! realm ( disput$ facts4 ,?is seems a delectable bit ( humor4 ,we respectfully submit t ,mr4 ,beck's o!r ass]tions might also be consid]$ z 9 ! realm ( disput$ facts4 ,mr4 ,beck admits t ,au/ria _h a j grievance aga9/ ,s]via1 ?\gh he que/ions h] me?od ( r$ress4 ,?\gh we conceive t 9 ! un=tunate ,european tangle ,au/ria reli$ on ,g]man support 9 ! ev5t ( int]national conflict1 we submit t reliance on ,russian support 0 a bigg] factor 9 enc\rag+ little ,s]via to defy h] big neighbor ?an ! remot] help t ,g]many w\ld furni% ,au/ria 9 ! ev5t ( ! conflict spread+4 ,au/ria1 9 ! ex]cise ( h] "r to engage 9 a punitive exp$ition aga9/ ,s]via1 gu>ante$ t %e w\ld d no?+ to g5]alize ! conflict by h] assurances to ,russia & to ! _w t !re w\ld be no annexation ( ,s]vian t]ritory or annihilation ( ! ,s]vian ,k+dom4 ,:e!r ^! assurances 7 g5u9e or n is impossible ( det]m9ation4 ,we h no "r to con/itute ourselves arbit]s ( _! s9c]ity4 ,no ,european ,solid>ity4 ,mr4 ,beck speaks ( ! solid>ity ( ,european civilization & ! fact t by policy & diplomatic int]c\rse 444 a ,unit$ ,european ,/ate exi/s1 ev5 ?\gh its organization be z yet in*oate4 ,?is solid>ity is conspicu\s only by its utt] non-exi/5ce4 ,:atev] may h be5 a*iev$ by policy & diplomatic int]c\rse has be5 m>r$ & r5d]$ useless by ! l9es ( dem>kation ( ! sph]es ( influ5ce ( ! great p[]s ( ,europe & by ! racial & temp]am5tal incongruities ( ,europe's population4 ,we read3 ,s]via _h =ty-eight h\rs to answ]2 444 ! o!r ,european nations _h b>ely a day to consid] :at c\ld be done to pres]ve ! peace ( ,europe4 ,:y %\ld an ,au/ro-,s]vian w> compromise ! peace ( ,europe8 ,0 x n because ( ! tangl$ web ( int]national diplomacy1 ! ,triple ,ent5te z well z ! ,triple ,alliance8 ,ref]r+ to a ,g]man w>n+ 9 reg>d to ,au/ria's dem&s on ,s]via1 ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice anticipates t ,s]via 'w refuse to comply ) ^! dem&s'--:y1 if !y 7 ju/ifi$8 ,we grieve at ! %att]$ ideal ( ,mr4 ,beck1 :o1 9 ! face ( ! int]national calamity :i* has befall5 ! _w1 /ill c believe t all ju/ifiable dem&s are compli$ )4 ,aga91 quot+ ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]1 ,annex #a;,b1 ,g]many desir$ t ! dispute be localiz$1 s9ce any int]v5tion ( ano!r p[]1 on acc\nt ( ! v>i\s alliance obligations1 w\ld br+ consequ5ces impossible to measure4 ,! explanation ( ?is /atem5t is n--an aggressor ?reat5s 8 adv]s>y1 b1 r1 a prud5t man begs oppos+ factions to keep cool4 ,great space is devot$ 9 ! article 9 "q to ,g]many's unwill+ness to place ! ,au/ro-,s]vian controv]sy 9 ! h&s ( ,france1 ,engl&1 ,g]many1 & ,italy4 ,z ,g]many disav[s all int]e/ 9 ! controv]sy1 if %e speaks truly1 x 0 n )9 h] p[] to dictate to h] ally 9 a matt] :i* %e c\ld 9 n[ise control except by =ce ( arms4 ,fur!rmore1 _h %e _h ! p[]1 h[ c\ld %e be expect$ to ex]t pressure on h] ally to leave a vital controv]sy to a c\rt ( f\r1 two ( :om 7 b\nd by alliances ) ,russia1 ,au/ria's real antagoni/1 & a ?ird1 7,italy17 z subsequ5t ev5ts h %[n1 ,au/ria's natural1 geographical1 & h]$it>y enemy8 ,at be/1 _h ea* p[] held to its treaty obligations1 !re w\ld h be5 a deadlock4 ,fur!r3 ,! ,russian ,m9i/] 444 call$ at ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice & ask$ x 'to urge ^u ,vi5na 444 to take up ?is l9e ( conciliation4 ,jag[ repli$ t he c\ld n advise ,au/ria to yield4' ,else:]e 9 ! article a /atem5t is made t ! ,au/ro-,s]vian & ,au/ro-,russian que/ions = all practical purposes 444 7 indi/+ui%able4 ,?is inconsi/5cy ( hav+ ,s]via 9 ! light ( a pr9cipal & !n aga9 9 ! light ( an ag5t is ! greate/ /umbl+ block to a cle> analysis ( ! precipitat+ cause ( ! w>4 ,! logical explanation ( ,s]via's position is t ( ,russia's ag5t4 ,h5ce ,g]many c\ld n be expect$ to ex]t ! same pressure on an alli$ pr9cipal t ,russia c\ld ex]t on h] ag5t4 ,x is true t ,g]many engag$ 9 _m blund]+ diplomatic quibbles 9 ! f9al /ages ( prep>ation = ! w>2 b x is also true t ,engl& quibbl$1 ?\gh ) great] diplomatic f9esse2 = in/ance1 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey w5t s f> z to tell ! ,g]man ,ambassador t 444 if ,g]many w\ld make any reasonable proposals to pres]ve peace1 & ,russia & ,france reject$ x1 t '8 ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t w\ld h no?+ to d ) ! consequ5ces4' ,"h x is app>5t to e "o t ! ^w reasonable begs ! que/ions4 ,slav & ,teuton4 ,! ,g]man p 7 enc\rag$ to reli% ! idea ( a w> aga9/ ,russia once t w> became likely1 = soon] or lat] x seem$ inevitable t ,slav & ,teuton w\ld cla%1 & ,g]many felt confid5t t at ! pres5t "t %e outmat*$ h] enemy4 ,! ,russians1 too1 7 enc\rag$ to desire ! ,slav prov9ces ( ,au/ria1 :i* racially are a "p ( ! ,russian doma94 ,! ,engli% p 7 made to reli% ?is opportunity to /rike _! great comm]cial competitor1 especially :5 !y c\ld d s ) little likelihood ( unfavorable criticisms4 ,f9ally1 ! impressionable ,fr5* p 7 /irr$ to ?\ghts ( rev5ge & recov]y ( _! lo/ prov9ces4 ,sympa?y ) any c\ntry 9 ?is mo/ disgraceful yet mo/ inevitable ( w>s br&s ! sympa?iz] z a p>ty to ! mat]ial & lu/ful purposes ( at lea/ "o ( ! combatants4 ,!re is no e?ical ju/ification ( ?is w> f any /&po9t4 ,!re is no ju/ification ( ?is w> f any /&po9t4 ,!re is only an explanation ( ! w> f an economic /&po9t4 ,all ^! speci\s argum5ts on ! precipitat+ causes ( ! w> c be b = ! display ( brilliant =5sic oratory & mat*less diction4 ,let u ?ru/ aside 9 ^! d>k mom5ts ( p]il & horror all subt]fuge4 ,engl&1 ov]burd5$ ) taxation1 0 on ! v]ge ( civil w>4 ,russia1 ^: masses 7 ov]ridd5 r\gh%od by a bureaucracy weight+ d[n ! peasants ) on]\s national burd5s1 expect$ soon] or lat] ! cataclysmic upheaval ) :i* ! ,nihili/ic societies h long be5 ?reat5+ its tyrannical ,gov]nm5t4 ,france1 s]i\sly f9ancially emb>rass$ because ( crop impov]i%m5t & bad =eign inve/m5ts 9 ,brazil1 ,russia1 & ! ,balkans1 0 subject to cont9u$ int]nal political upheavals1 ) ev]-*ang+ ,m9i/ries & a gr[+ ,sociali/ ,p>ty4 ,au/ria1 ! ram%ackle empire1 0 9 dang] ( dis9tegrat+ f a v>iety ( causes1 n ! lea/ ( :i* 0 ! infusibility ( its racially diff]5t elem5ts4 ,g]many1 9 a bl9d race = comm]cial supremacy1 suff]$ f indu/rial ov]production1 ?us creat+ an unheal?y f9ancial condition :i* =tifi$ ! ,sociali/ ,p>ty to an ext5t :i* ?reat5$ h] imp]iali/ic =m ( gov]nm5t itself4 ,s ^! mon>*ies ^: days 7 numb]$1 because ( dissatisfaction at ! wa/e & extravagance ( a _w gone mad ) national excesses committ$ 9 ! "n ( civilization1 9 reality ! price ( our mod]nization1 9 a f9al desp]ate ef=t to rally _! wan+ =tunes /amp$$ _! awak5+ masses into a ru9\s int]racial w> 9 ord] to /ave (f ! tor* & ! guillot9e4 ,,george ,e4 ,,b]nheim]4 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #cj1 #aiad4 ,russia to ,blame ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,all[ me to submit ! foll[+ 9 answ] to ! article ( ,james ,m4 ,beck1 entitl$ ,case ( ! ,d\ble ,alliance vs4 ! ,triple ,ent5te1 publi%$ 9 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times ( ,oct4 #be1 #aiad3 ,! case ( ,russian ,mobilization vs4 ,g]man ,m$iation4 ,q4--,^u :om 0 ! duty to yield8 ,mr4 ,beck has sp5t consid]able "t & ef=t to prove1 at lea/ by inf]5ce1 t ,g]many mu/ h be5 in=m$ be=eh& ( ! ,au/rian ultimatum to ,s]via4 ,p]sonally1 ,i am conv9c$ t ! ultimatum 9 "q 0 s5t ) ! full k & cons5t ( ,g]many2 &1 :e!r ?is is true or n1 ,i ma9ta9 t x 0 ,au/ria's duty to in=m h] ally be=e tak+ a /ep :i* 0 likely to endang] ! peace ( ,europe4 ,! concession ( ?is po9t takes me imm$iately to ! ultimatum itself & to ! "q1 ,0 ! t5or ( ! ultimatum ju/ifi$8 ,mr4 ,beck1 9 8 judgm5t1 says3 ,! ultimatum is grossly unreasonable & disappropriate to any grievance t ,au/ria _h4 ,p]haps ,mr4 ,beck is "r1 b ,i h good reasons to ?9k t ! t5or ( ! ultimatum 0 fully ju/ifi$1 9 view ( ,s]via's =m] conduct4 ,au/ria 0 deal+ "h ) a ,gov]nm5t ! real spirits ( :i* _h come into p[] by ! commission ( "o ( ! mo/ da/>dly crimes ( mod]n times4 ,a crime :i*1 at ! "t ( its commission1 s5t a %ock ( horror ?r\gh ! entire civiliz$ _w1 to wit1 ! outrage\s murd] ( ! =m] ,k+ & ,que5 ( ,s]via1 outrage\s because x 0 p]petrat$ by ! s-call$ ari/ocracy ( ,s]via4 ,! long-cont9u$ agitation c>ri$ on by ,s]via aga9/ ,au/ria1 at ! in/igation ( ,russia1 :i* f9ally culm9at$ 9 ano!r no less outrage\s assass9ation1 t ( ! ,ar*duke ,francis ,f]d9& & 8 consort1 to my idea fully ju/ifi$ ,au/ria 9 mak+ dem&s :i* "u ord9>y circum/ances might h be5 t]m$ unreasonable4 ,! "q :e!r ,au/ria 0 ju/ifi$ 9 go+ to w> aga9/ ,s]via is a debatable "o1 b ,i respectfully ref] to ! fact t our own c\ntry1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 only v rec5tly on ! v]ge ( precipitat+ w> ) a mu* weak] nation ?an ours1 on acc\nt ( ! latt]'s refusal to salute ! ,am]ican flag4 ,nei!r did we /op on t occasion ) ! ultimatum1 b we foll[$ x up ) dispat*+ a fleet ( w>%ips1 ! l&+ ( troops1 & ! seizure ( ,v]a ,cruz4 ,f ! "t ,au/ria's ultimatum 0 s5t all ! great p[]s seem$ to h pr(ess$ a great eag]ness = ! pres]vation ( peace4 ,mr4 ,beck ass]ts t ,g]many 0 n s9c]e 9 its desire = peace & c\ld h avoid$ ! w> if x _h s]i\sly tri$ to ex]t its influ5ce ov] ,au/ria4 ,?is f9d+ is bas$ on ! inf]5ce drawn f ! fact t ,g]many fail$ to a*ieve any results4 ,to det]m9e :e!r ,mr4 ,beck is ju/ifi$ 9 f9d+ z he does1 x is necess>y1 fir/ ( all1 to exam9e ! exact /atus ( ! p[]s at ! "t ! ultimatum 0 s5t4 ,we f9d t ,au/ria _h a j grievance aga9/ ,s]via1 = :i* x 0 seek+ r$ress4 ,an issue 0 !re=e rais$ betwe5 ,au/ria & ,s]via4 ,g]many1 al?\gh ,au/ria's ally1 imm$iately def9$ its attitude by decl>+ emphatically t ! "q at issue 0 "o = settlem5t betwe5 ,s]via & ,au/ria alone4 ,:y ,did ,russia ,mobilize8 ,i beg to ask ,mr4 ,beck to answ] ! foll[+ "q3 ,by :at "r--moral1 legal1 or equitable--did ,russia make ,s]via's cause its own8 ,did ,russia h any alliance ) ,s]via8 ,i fur!r ask3 ,:at privity exi/$ betwe5 ,au/ria1 ,s]via1 & ,russia8 ,suppose ,mr4 ,beck c ju/ify ! action ( ,russia1 al?\gh a rank outsid]1 9 tak+ ,s]via's "p1 h[ c he possibly ju/ify ! positively unreasonable &1 "u ! circum/ances1 mo/ dang]\s /ep ( actual mobilization on ! "p ( ,russia8 ,mr4 ,beck has tri$ to ju/ify ! mobilization by quot+ ! ,russian excuse t ,russia's mobilization 0 only = a def5se aga9/ ,au/ria4 ,on close exam9ation :at does ?is am\nt to8 ,x resolves itself into a situation some:at l ?is3 ,a s5ds an ultimatum to ,b seek+ r$ress = a wrong committ$ by ,b ^u ,a1 :]eupon ,c mobilizes = def5se aga9/ ,a4 ,i leave x to ! av]age ,am]ican ( ord9>y intellig5ce to f9d a reason = ,c's mobilization = def5se aga9/ ,a4 ,mr4 ,beck might z well try to ju/ify a mobilization on ! "p ( ,japan if ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 prep>+ to invade ,mexico = ! purpose ( r$ress+ an insult to ! ,am]ican flag4 ,does ,mr4 ,beck realize ! s]i\sness ( actual mobilization by ,russia at t critical mom5t8 ,n "o ( ! o!r p[]s d>$ to take ?is "o /ep :i* among nations is reg>d$ z tantam\nt to a decl>ation ( w>4 ,& :at did ! ,kais] d at ?is mom5t8 ,he did ! only ?+ he c\ld d1 &1 ,i d>e say1 ! only ?+ our ,am]ican ,nation c\ld h done "u ! same circum/ances4 ,he wir$ ! ,cz> & /at$3 ,i am will+ to br+ my influ5ces to be> ^u ,au/ria1 provid$ y agree to cease mobilization4 ,0 ?is dem& unreasonable8 ,:at else c\ld ,g]many h done1 ,i ask1 ) ! ,russian be> /&+ on ! bord] ) ! sword already drawn8 ,?is mom5t 0 ! crucial & decisive "o 9 ! prologue to ?is awful _w drama4 ,! only "q !re=e & ! all-important "o to be submitt$ to ! ,c\rt ( ,civilization1 is1 ,^: duty 0 x to yield8 ,0 x ,russia's1 ) ! sword already drawn aga9/ a c\ntry :i* _h n attack$ x1 n ev5 ?reat5$ x1 or 0 x ,g]many's1 ) ! sword 9 ! %ea?8 ,9 8 conclusion1 ,mr4 ,beck speaks ( ,g]many z beset on e h& by p[]ful antagoni/s4 ,does he really mean to deprive ! ,g]man ,emp]or ( ! "r to dem& z a condition prec$5t to m$iation on 8 "p ! discont9uance ( mobilization by ,russia8 ,mr4 ,beck 9 8 judgm5t "u ,p>agraph #d says t ,au/ria1 hav+ mobiliz$ its army1 ,russia 0 reasonably ju/ifi$ 9 mobiliz+ its =ces4 ,! use ( ! qualify+ ^w reasonably seems to indicate t ev5 ,mr4 ,beck is n q c]ta9 t ,russia 0 9 fact ju/ifi$ 9 mobiliz+ its =ces4 ,is x reasonable1 j1 & fair ( ,mr4 ,beck to expect ,g]many1 beset on e h& by p[]ful antagoni/s1 to p]mit ,russia to cont9ue mobiliz+ its #ah1jjj1jjj soldi]s & h ,g]many believe t ,russia 0 s9c]e 9 its peaceful int5tions 9 ! face ( actual mobilization8 ,at ?is mom5t ! ,g]man ,kais] made a v reasonable dem& ^u ,russia to cease mobilization1 & ,i ask e fair-m9d$ ,am]ican1 :e!r lawy] or layman1 ^: duty x 0 to yield at ?is mom5t4 ,! answ] to ?is "q w settle ! mu*-disput$ po9t z to ! actual cause ( ! w>4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i beg to ask ,mr4 ,beck3 ,:y expect s mu* ( ,g]many & no?+ ( ,russia1 :5 ,g]many _h n m]ely pr(ess$ h] peaceful int5tions1 b actually ma9ta9$ peace = ov] =ty ye>s1 dur+ :i* p]iod n a foot ( t]ritory _h be5 acquir$ by h] ?r\gh conque/8 ,?is is a fact4 ,com+ into a c\rt ( law support$ by su* a reputation1 does ,mr4 ,beck really believe t ! decision ( ! c\rt w\ld h be5 9 favor ( ,russia8 ,does ,mr4 ,beck really believe t ! decision w\ld h be5 aga9/ ,g]many1 ^: w> "l 0 begg+ ! ,cz> almo/ on 8 knees to avoid ! awful calamity by ! discont9uance ( mobilization8 ,picture ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\t to invade ,mexico to r$ress an insult to ! ,am]ican flag4 ,picture ,engl& z ! ally ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,japan support+ ,mexico1 )\t any alliance exi/+ betwe5 ! two latt] c\ntries4 ,to make ?is example con=m to ! actual facts "u discussion1 we mu/1 ( c\rse1 assume t bo? ,japan & ,engl& are situat$ 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,cont95t1 & across ! bord] f ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,engl&4 ,japan1 ) an army ( #ah1jjj1jjj soldi]s1 7assum$ = ! purpose ( argum5t17 mobilizes h] army1 pr(ess$ly = def5se aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,c\ld any fair-m9d$ ,am]ican possibly expect ,engl& to int]c$e ) h] ally1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 )\t fir/ dem&+ ! demobilization ( ,japan8 ,^: duty 0 x to yield8 ,! actual fact is t ,g]many ev5 !n did n decl>e w> aga9/ ,russia until ,russian soldi]s _h actually cross$ n ! ,au/rian b ! ,g]man bord]4 ,i may add t 9 writ+ ! above ,i am prompt$ only by ! v natural desire1 viz41 to impress ^u ! jury compos$ ( ! ,am]ican p ! "o fact :i* %\ld be giv5 ! mo/ c>eful consid]ation 9 ord] to enable x to arrive at a j v]dict 9 ! case submitt$1 & ?is fact is ! mobilization ( ,russia4 ,,frank ,,seggebru*4 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #bi1 #aiad4 ,9 ,def5se ( ,au/ria ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,ref]r+ to y\r editorial1 ,! ,evid5ce ,exam9$1 9 y\r ,sunday edition1 ,i wi% to prote/ emphatically aga9/ y\r ass]tion t a ,c\rt ( ,civilization mu/ inevitably come to ! conclusion t ,g]many precipitat$ ! w>4 ,!re are /ill millions ( civiliz$ p :o see ^! ?+s q diff]5tly4 ,mr4 ,beck makes out a case f ! viewpo9t ( ! accus+ p>ty--( c\rse1 nobody w d\bt ! legal abilities ( ,mr4 ,beck--b be=e ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,civilization !re is also a law3 audiatur et alt]a p>s4 ,mr4 ,beck1 z he pres5ts ! case to ! c\rt1 has n m5tion$ v important po9ts :i*1 = ! decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 w\ld be mo/ vital ones4 ,at fir/ ! brea* ( ,belgian neutrality1 admitt$ & regrett$ by ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t1 has no?+ to d ) ! "q--:o precipitat$ ! w>8 ,x con/itut$ only an action ( ! w> itself4 ,on ! o!r h&1 y call 9 y\r editorial ! ,au/rian ultimatum a savage "o & take x = grant$ t ?is ultimatum />t$ ! /one roll+ & br\ght f9ally ! g5]al cla% 9 ,europe ab\t4 ,?is presumption1 :5 pres5t$ to ! c\rt1 w h to be ?or\ghly prov$1 because !re are _m p1 fair & j1 z y consid] y\rself1 :o are conv9c$ ( ! ample ju/ification ( ?is ultimatum4 ,x is h>dly describable h[ _m crim9al acts h be5 committ$ by ,s]vians aga9/ ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,dual ,mon>*y = ! la/ six ye>s1 "u ! eyes ( ! ,s]vian ,gov]nm5t & approv$ by x1 by intrigu+ aga9/ ,au/ria's "r to cultivate h] own t]ritory1 ,bosnia1 spread+ secret societies all ov] ! empire1 c4 ,! awful crime1 ! assass9ation ( ! heir to ! ?rone1 0 only ! f9i% ( a long *a9 ( l acts4 ,^! facts1 :i* imm$iately lead up to ! ultimatum1 ought to be consid]$ 9 ! fir/ place by judg+ ,au/ria's ju/ification = s5d+ ?is ultimatum to ,s]via4 ,a j ,judge 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,civilization w1 ,i am conv9c$1 c>efully /udy ! ante-hi/ory & 9 all probability arrive at ! conclusion t ! ultimatum 0 amply ju/ifi$ & ,s]via fully des]v$ ! sev]e/ puni%m5t possible4 ,mr4 ,beck pres5ts to ! c\rt ! ,russian int]f]5ce ) ?is int5d$ puni%m5t & =gets to tell ! ,judge t ,russia _h n ! lea/ "r to ?is int]f]5ce4 ,no =eign p[] _h4 ,!re=e1 ,au/ria 0 entirely )9 h] "r to decl9e any negotiations ) ,russia ab\t ?is puni%m5t be=e its completion4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t br\ght ^! negotiations ab\t1 &1 :ile ^! negotiations proce$$ satisfactorily1 ,russia mobiliz$1 mobiliz$ all along h] we/]n fronti] aga9/ ,au/ria & ,g]many1 not)/&+ ! fact t %e _h promis$ n to d s & (ficials 9 ,petrograd _h pl$g$ _! words to ! contr>y4 ,russia knew !re c\ld be no su* ?+ z a w> ) ,au/ria alone1 z well z ,g]many knew t a w> ) ,russia meant a w> ) ,france4 ,if ! laws ( morality rule 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,civilization1 !y %\ld above all be appli$ to ! conduct ( ,s]via & ,russia4 ,au/ria 0 9 a /ate ( self-def5se1 :5 %e decid$ n to be> any long] ,s]via's trea*]\s & murd]\s attacks aga9/ h] exi/5ce2 ?is is entirely )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! laws ( morality4 ,russia1 h[ev]1 )\t ! slighte/ "r1 moral or legal1 attack$ ,au/ria f ! back by int]f]+ ) ,au/ria's own affairs4 ,!re=e ,i wi% to po9t out t a c>eful /ud5t ( ! pap]s1 by consid]+ ! ante-hi/ory ( ! w>1 :i*1 z y w admit1 is v ess5tial1 may come to a q diff]5t conclusion & ,mr4 ,beck z ,/ate's attorney w h a h>d /& aga9/ ! c\nsel ( ! def5dant4 ,,edw>d ,,pick4 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #bg1 #aiad4 ,illu/ration ,def5se ( ! ,dual ,alliance--,a ,reply ,by ,dr4 ,edmund von ,ma*4 ,in/ructor ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,h>v>d1 #ahii-aijc2 ,in/ructor 9 ,hi/ory ( ,art1 ,wellesley ,college1 #ahii-aijb2 ,lectur] 9 ,hi/ory ( ,art1 ,brad=d ,academy1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,au?or ( _m books on ,greek & ,roman sculpture & ! hi/ory ( pa9t+4 ,s]v$ 9 ! ,g]man ,army1 #ahhi-ia4 ,hon4 ,james ,m4 ,beck has eloqu5tly argu$ ! case ( ! ,allies aga9/ ,g]many & ,au/ria-,hung>y1 & submitt$ 8 f9d+s ) confid5t assurance ( _! acceptance by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,civilization4 ,c>ri$ away by 8 zeal he has at times us$ t]ms n w>rant$ by ! evid5ce1 su* z ! irrepressible ,kais]1 /upid falsehood1 duplicity1 & ! l1 b s9ce ! c\rt c be tru/$ to disreg>d su* expressions no fur!r att5tion w be paid to !m4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t ?is article is n a reply b a cont9uation ( ,mr4 ,beck's argum5t1 =1 :]ev] our p]sonal sympa?ies may lie1 we are all equally int]e/$ 9 discov]+ ! tru?4 ,9 ! f9al settlem5t ( peace ,am]ican public op9ion may1 nay1 w1 h a prom95t voice4 ,if x is ex]t$ on ! /r5g? ( a true und]/&+ ( ,european ev5ts1 x w contribute to ! e/abli%m5t ( a la/+ peace4 ,z to ! evid5ce submitt$ ,mr4 ,beck seems to err 9 believ+ t ,gov]nm5ts are accu/om$ to publi% 9 _! v>i\s :ite1 gray1 or orange pap]s ! tru?1 ! :ole tru?1 & no?+ b ! tru?4 ,?is is n[h]e done1 = !re are _m bits ( in=mation :i* come to a ,gov]nm5t ?r\gh its diplomatic connections :i* x w\ld be indelicate1 disc\rte\s1 or unwise to give to ! public4 ,! (ficial docum5ts on ,am]ican =eign relations & all :ite1 gray1 or orange pap]s are edit$4 ,!y are und]/ood to be s by ,congress1 ,p>liam5t1 ! ,rei*/ag1 ! ,duma1 c41 & no *>ge ( di%one/y c be ma9ta9$ aga9/ ! respective ,gov]nm5ts on t score4 ,if ! ,*ancellor says t ,g]many 0 us+ h] good (fices 9 ,vi5na1 ?is is z valuable a bit ( evid5ce z ! repr9t ( a dispat* 9 ! ,:ite ,pap]1 unless we wi% to impugn 8 v]acity1 & 9 t case ! copy ( a dispat* w\ld be valueless1 = he might h =g$ x4 ,! entire argum5t1 !re=e1 aga9/ ,g]many & ,au/ria1 bas$ on :at ,mr4 ,beck calls ! suppression ( vitally important docum5ts1 is void1 unless y w apply x equally to ,great ,brita9 & ! o!r c\ntries4 ,9 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey's ,:ite ,pap] ,mr4 ,beck has miss$ no important docum5ts because he look$ at ,engl&'s well-prep>$ case ?r\gh sympa!tic eyes1 & x did n occur to him to ask1 ,:]e are all ! docum5ts be>+ on ,italian neutrality8 ,does he believe t ,engl& 0 s little int]e/$ 9 ! "q :e!r %e w\ld h to fight two or ?ree foes1 & :e!r h] way to ,egypt & ,india w\ld be safe or ?reat5$8 ,!re are _m dispat*es to & f ,rome includ$ 9 ! ,:ite ,pap]1 b n a m5tion ( ,italy's position4 ,! fir/ pap] conta9s a lett] to ! ,briti% ,ambassador 9 ,b]l9 conc]n+ ! ,au/ro-,s]vian relations4 ,is x n probable t ,sir ,edw>d ,grey's att5tion 0 call$ to ?is "q by 8 ,ambassador 9 ,vi5na8 ,:]e is 8 lett]8 ,or1 if ,sir ,edw>d ?\ght ( x himself1 :y did he n m5tion 8 conv]sation also to ,sir ,m4 de ,buns5 9 ,vi5na8 ,:]e is ?is note8 ,are we to assume t ,sir ,m4 de ,buns5 made 8 fir/ report on ,july #bc1 al?\gh ,sir ,edw>d ,gos*5 9 ,b]l9 _h an int]e/+ report to make a day e>li]8 ,we c ?us g ?r\gh ! :ole ,briti% ,:ite ,pap] & discov] ! omission ( _m int]e/+ docum5ts4 ,no4 #ch is a lett] f ,sir ,r5nell ,rodd 9 ,rome1 dat$ on ,july #bc & receiv$ on ,july #bg4 ,he _h no d\bt s5t also a telegram4 ,:at did x conta91 & :y 0 x n publi%$ "u ! date ( its arrival in/ead ( ! lett] :i* _h be5 delay$ 9 transit8 ,:]e ,is ,no4 #bh8 ,9 ,no4 #bi ,sir ,edw>d ,grey ref]s 9 a telegram to ,sir ,r4 ,rodd to :at ,i _h said to ! ,g]man ,ambassador4 ,su* a ref]5ce c\ld h a mean+ = ,sir ,r4 ,rodd only if he _h be5 in=m$ ( ?is conv]sation4 ,!re is no dispat* pr9t$ 9 ! ,:ite ,pap] conta9+ ?is in=mation4 ,possibly x 0 s entw9$ ) o!r in/ructions1 :i* ,sir ,edw>d ,grey did n c>e to h kn[n1 t x c\ld n be publi%$4 ,0 x p]haps s5t to ! pr9t] fir/ z ,no4 #bh1 & remov$ at ! la/ mom5t :5 x 0 too late to *ange ! subsequ5t numb]s8 ,or1 if ?is assumption is wrong1 :at 0 pr9t$ orig9ally z ,no4 #bh8 ,:]e is ,no4 #bh8 ,!re are o!r omissions1 & "o especially notewor?y "o betwe5 ,nos4 #hj & #ajf :i* w be discuss$ lat]4 ,view$ 9 ?is light1 ! ,engli% ,:ite ,pap] loses mu* ( ! value ( a complete record1 :i* x has _h 9 ! eyes ( _m4 ,!re is absolutely no reason to d\bt ! accuracy ( ^? dispat*es :i* h be5 pr9t$1 b x becomes incumb5t ^u ! se>*] aft] ! tru? to inquire :e!r ! exi/5ce ( unpr9t$ 79 ! case ( ! ,g]man ,:ite ,pap] ,mr4 ,beck uses ! t]m suppress$7 pap]s may n at times alt] ! int]pretation :i* %\ld be giv5 to ^? t are pr9t$4 ,s9ce we h no publi%$ records any:]e conc]n+ ! advice giv5 to ,italy by ! ,allies1 & ! gradual /eps lead+ up to ,italy's decision to rema9 neutral2 nor any h9t z to ! day :5 h] decision 0 communicat$ to ,engl& & ! o!r p[]s1 x w\ld be futile to speculate on ?is subject4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ! ,que5 ( ,italy & ! wife ( ! ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,russian =ces are si/]s1 & s9ce x 0 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,allies to keep ,italy neutral1 x is n unreasonable to assume t an ex*ange ( op9ion took place betwe5 ,italy & ! ,allies conc]n+ ! conditions "u :i* ,italy w\ld rema9 neutral4 ,if ! actual op5+ ( ho/ilities c\ld be s manag$ t ,g]many c\ld be call$ ! aggressor1 !n ,italy probably decl>$ t %e w\ld n ent] ! w>4 ,?is is a v important phase ( ! case1 & ! omission f ,sir ,edw>d ,grey's ,:ite ,pap] ( all dispat*es deal+ ) ,italian neutrality is mu* to be regrett$4 ,s9ce we are deal+ ) ! ,italian dispat*es "h1 x may be advisable to consid] at once all ! communications :i* are publi%$ z hav+ pass$ betwe5 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey & ! ,briti% ,ambassador1 ,sir ,r5nell ,rodd1 9 ,rome4 ,!y are numb]$ #ai1 7p]haps #bh17 #bi1 #ce1 #cf1 #ch1 #di1 #eg1 #fc1 #fd1 #hj1 #ha1 #hf1 #ib1 #ajj1 & #ajf1 ( :i* ! important numb]s are #ch1 #eg1 #fd1 #hj1 & #hf4 ,on ,july #bc ,sir ,edw>d ,grey 0 in=m$ t ! gravity ( ! situation lay 9 ! conviction ( ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,gov]nm5t t x 0 absolutely necess>y = _! pre/ige1 aft] ! _m disillusions :i* ! turn ( ev5ts 9 ! ,balkans has occasion$1 to score a def9ite success4 7,no4 #ch47 ,au/ria1 9 o!r words1 believ$ t to let ! murd] ( h] heir-app>5t pass unpuni%$ w\ld h meant a dea?bl[ to h] pre/ige1 & consequ5tly1 z any "o famili> ) h] conditions w agree1 to h] exi/5ce4 ,russia1 on ! o!r h&1 on ,july #be said 7see ,no4 #ag1 report f ,sir ,g4 ,bu*anan7 t %e c\ld n all[ 7note ! ^w7 ,au/ria to cru% ,s]via & become ! pr$om9ant p[] 9 ! ,balkans1 & if %e feels secure ( ! support ( ,france1 %e w face all ! risks ( w>4 ,^! two dispat*es to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey tell ! :ole /ory 9 a nut%ell4 ,au/ria believ$1 rightly or wrongly1 t x 0 a "q ( life or dea? = h]1 :ile ,russia claim$ ! "r ( prev5t+ ,au/ria f becom+ ! pr$om9ate p[] 9 ! ,balkans1 & actually ?reat5$ w>4 ,russia did n claim to be conc]n$ ) ! ju/ice ( ,au/ria's dem&s on ,s]via4 ,no su* def9ite ^w ( ,russia's int5tion 0 s5t to ,g]many1 = on ,july #bf ,sir ,m4 de ,buns5 report$ ,g]many's confid5t belief t ,russia w keep quiet dur+ ! *a/isem5t ( ,s]via4 7,no4 #cb47 ,on ! next day ,sir ,r5nell ,rodd reports f ,rome 7,no4 #eg7 t ! ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs believes t if ,s]via w ev5 n[ accept x 7! ,au/rian note7 ,au/ria w be satisfi$ & refra9 f a punitive w>4 ,he1 moreov]1 believes--& ?is is v important--t ,s]via may be induc$ to accept ! note 9 its entirety on ! advice ( ! f\r p[]s invit$ to ! conf]5ce1 & ?is w\ld enable h] to say t %e _h yield$ to ,europe & n to ,au/ria-,hung>y alone4 ,s9ce ,italy 0 to be "o ( ! f\r p[]s1 ! ,m9i/]'s belief 0 d\btless bas$ on accurate in=mation4 ,!re is !n z late z ,july #bg no claim made by ,s]via t ,au/ria's dem&s are unreasonable4 ,%e only hates to yield to ,au/ria alone4 ,au/ria1 9 ! mean:ile1 7,no4 #eg17 repeats h] assurance t %e dem&s no t]ritorial sacrifices f ,s]via4 ,on ! next day1 ,july #bh1 ,sir ,r5nell ,rodd reports 7,no4 #fd7 t ,s]via might /ill accept ! :ole ,au/rian note1 if "s explanation 7 giv5 reg>d+ mode 9 :i* ,au/rian ag5ts w\ld require to int]v5e4 ,au/ria1 on h] "p1 _h expla9$ t ! co-op]ation ( ! ,au/rian ag5ts 9 ,s]via 0 to be only 9 inve/igation1 n 9 judicial or adm9i/rative measures4 ,s]via 0 said to h willfully mis9t]pret$ ?is4 7,no4 #fd47 ,f ^! reports x appe>s t ! diff]5ces betwe5 ,au/ria & ,s]via 7 on ! way to a solution4 ,au/ria claim$ t h] dem&s 7 j1 & ,s]via did n d5y ?is4 ,au/ria fur!r claim$ t h] pre/ige1 h] v exi/5ce1 dem&$ ! prompt compliance ) h] reque/s by ,s]via4 ,%e expla9$ 9 a satisfactory way ! "o po9t on :i* ,s]via _h tak5 exceptions1 & ,s]via 0 on ! po9t ( comply+1 & w\ld h compli$1 if ! p[]s _h be5 will+ to let h] d s4 ,su* a conclusion ( ! incid5t w\ld h /r5g!n$ ,au/ria's pre/ige & assur$ ! puni%m5t ( ! murd]]s ( ,s]ajevo4 ,russia's ,rem>k ,ab\t ,au/ria4 ,! reason :y ,s]via 0 n all[$ to submit 0 ,russia's rem>k1 quot$ above1 t %e w\ld n all[ ,au/ria to become ! pr$om9ant p[] 9 ! ,balkans4 ,x 01 !re=e1 ,russia's task to prev5t ,s]via f accept+ ,au/ria's note4 ,s9ce w> 0 h] alt]native1 baldly /at$ to ,engl& f ! fir/1 %e _h to d ?ree ?+s--fir/1 to secure z _m allies z possible2 secondly1 to weak5 h] enemies1 pref]ably by deta*+ f !m ,italy1 &1 ?irdly1 to get z mu* ( a />t 9 h] mobilization z possible4 ,! treaties betwe5 ,russia1 ,france1 & ,great ,brita91 unlike ^? betwe5 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 & ,italy1 h nev] be5 publi%$4 ,:atev] _! word+ may be1 ,russia 0 at fir/ app>5tly n absolutely sure ( ! support ( ,france1 7,no4 #ag17 & ,france1 x w\ld seem1 0 unwill+ to tempt fate )\t ! help ( ,engl&4 ,t ,engl& %\ld be will+ to jo9 su* a comb9ation = su* a cause seem$ s prepo/]\s to ,g]many t %e did n believe x4 ,)\t ,engl& no ,france1 )\t ,france no w>1 = alone ,russia c\ld n measure h]self aga9/ ,au/ria4 ,au/ria w\ld n h attack$ h] ( h] own free w1 b if ,russia _h attack$ ,au/ria1 ! :ole _w knew f ! publi%$ treaties t ,g]many 0 b\nd to come to ! assi/ance ( h] ally4 ,x w\ld h be5 two aga9/ "o1 & ! two c\ld h wait$ until ,russia _h f9i%$ h] cumb]some mobilization4 ,= ev5 if %e _h h] :ole army ( _m million m5 on ! fronti]1 ,au/ria & ,g]many toge!r 7 /rong en\gh to /em h] advance4 ,russia's only *ance1 !re=e1 :5 ,s]via 0 on ! po9t ( yield+1 & ,au/ria _h almo/ re-e/abli%$ h] pre/ige1 0 to secure ! help ( ,france1 b ?is meant also ! promise ( ,engl&4 ,! dem&s made on ,engl& by ,russia1 "s ( :i* are quot$ 9 ! ,:ite ,pap]1 are too well kn[n to des]ve repetition4 ,?is 0 ! *ief ?+ t c\nt$1 to get ,engl&'s promise4 ,! next 0 to deta* ,italy f h] allies1 7b ( ?is !re are no docum5ts available17 & ! ?ird to ga9 "t = h] mobilization4 ,all ! o!r sugge/ions & c\nt]-sugge/ions :i* fill ! ,engli% ,:ite ,pap] are insignificant1 z soon z ! fundam5tal positions ( ,au/ria & ,russia are und]/ood4 ,g]many has claim$ t ,engl& promis$ h] support to ,russia & ,france on ,july #cj1 or 9 ! night ( ,july #bi1 &1 to prove x1 has publi%$ ! lett] f ! ,belgian ,m9i/] 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg to 8 ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs1 pr9t$ 9 translation 9 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times on ,oct4 #g4 ,?is lett]1 :i* has n be5 (ficially d5i$ by ! ,allies1 /ates t ! promise ( ,engl&'s support gave ! ,russian w> p>ty ! upp] h& & result$ 9 ! ord] ( complete mobilization4 ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]'s ,te/imony4 ,/rangely en\gh1 & d\btless by an ov]sight1 ! ,engli% ,:ite ,pap] conta9s two dispat*es 7,nos4 #hj & #ajf7 :i* seem to confirm ! accuracy ( ,m4 de l',escaille's /atem5t1 viz41 t ,engl& promis$ ! ,russian-,fr5* comb9ation h] support4 ,on ,july #bi ,sir ,r5nell ,rodd wrote to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey 7,no4 #hj7 t ! ,italian ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs _h told him !re seem$ to be a difficulty 9 mak+ ,g]many believe t ,russia 0 9 e>ne/4 ,z ,g]many1 h[ev]1 0 really anxi\s = good relations ) ourselves1 if %e believ$ t ,great ,brita9 w\ld act ) ,russia & ,france1 he ?\ght x w\ld h a great effect4 ,9 a lat] dispat* ( ! same day 7,no4 #hf7 he deprecates ,russia's p>tial mobilization1 :i* he fe>s has spoil$ ! *ances ( ,g]many's ex]t+ any pressure on ,au/ria4 ,b on ! next day1 ,july #cj1 ^! rem>kable words occur3 ,he ! ,italian ,m9i/] _h reason to believe t ,g]many 0 n[ dispos$ to give m conciliatory advice to ,au/ria1 z %e seem$ conv9c$ t we %\ld act ) ,france & ,russia1 & 0 mo/ anxi\s to avoid issue ) u4 7,no4 #ajf47 ,read]s ( ! ,:ite ,pap] w look 9 va9 = an explanation ( su* a *ange ( he>t on ,g]many's "p4 ,:at does n[ mean 9 ! la/ lett]8 ,& :y does ,g]many seem conv9c$ t ,engl& w act ) ,russia--if n t %e has he>d ( ! promise m5tion$ by ,m4 de l',escaille1 z giv5 e>ly on ,july #cj or late ! #bi?8 ,! dates agree1 & unless ,sir ,edw>d ,grey publi%es fur!r pap]s to expla9 ! *ange t _h tak5 place betwe5 ,july #bi & ,july #cj "o seems =c$ to accept ?is explanation4 ,:at is ,g]many's attitude8 ,does %e ru% into w>8 ,n at all1 = %e is mo/ anxi\s to avoid issue ) ,engl&4 7,no4 #ajf47 ,g]many knew t ,russia _h begun to mobilize4 ,e day1 e h\r c\nt$2 = aga9/ ! masses ( ,russia %e _h only h] great] spe$ to mat*4 ,%e knew t ,engl& _h gone ov] to ,russia1 al?\gh %e 0 probably hop+ t ! alliance betwe5 ! ,saxon & ! ,slav 0 n yet irrefragable4 ,/ill1 ! prospects 7 d>k4 ,b 9 spite ( ?is ! ef=ts 7 r5ew$ to see :at c\ld be done 9 ,vi5na4 ,! fam\s ex*ange ( telegrams betwe5 royalty began 9 ! ev5+ ( ,july #bi2 & "h x is wise to halt = a mom5t4 ,on ,july #cj ! ,cz> telegraph$ to ! ,emp]or 9 reply to ! ,emp]or's expression ( regret t ,russia %\ld be mobiliz+1 z foll[s3 ,! milit>y measures 9 =ce n[ 7 decre$ five days ago4 ,t is1 accord+ to ! ,cz>1 ! ,russian mobilization _h begun on ,july #be4 ,on ,july #bg1 h[ev]1 ! ,russian ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 ,m4 ,su*oml9[1 _h decl>$ to ! ,g]man ,milit>y ,atta* on 8 ^w ( honor t no mobilization ord] _h be5 issu$4 ,july #be1 h[ev]1 x w be rememb]$1 0 ! day on :i* ,sir ,g4 ,bu*anan _h report$ f ,/4 ,pet]sburg t ,russia w face all risks ( w> if %e c feel sure ( ! support ( ,france4 ,on ,july #ca ,russia mobiliz$ h] entire army1 :i* l$ to ,g]many's ultimatum t ,russia demobilize )9 twelve h\rs4 ,no reply 0 receiv$ to ! reque/1 & ord]s = ! mobilization ( ! ,g]man ,army 7 issu$ at #e3ae ,p4,m41 ,aug4 #a1 aft] ! ,g]man ,ambassador 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg _h be5 in/ruct$ to decl>e t1 ow+ to ! cont9u$ mobilization ( ! ,russian ,army1 a /ate ( w> exi/$ betwe5 ! two c\ntries4 ,kais] ,tri$ to ,keep ,peace4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ?is /ep "o %\ld read ! book ,la ,france ,victorieuse dans la ,gu]re de ,dema91 7,france ,victori\s 9 ! ,next ,w>17 by ,col4 ,ar?ur ,b\*]1 publi%$ 9 #aiaa4 ,col4 ,b\*] has /at$ ! case baldly & s simply t e "o c und]/& x4 ,9 sub/ance 8 argum5t is ?is3 ,alone ,france has no *ance1 b toge!r ) ,russia %e w w9 aga9/ ,g]many4 ,suppose ! ?ree c\ntries are beg9n+ mobilization on ! same day4 ,g]many f9i%es fir/1 ,france second1 & ,russia la/4 ,g]many mu/ leave "s ( h] troops on h] ea/]n fronti]1 ! re/ %e ?r[s aga9/ ,france4 ,all ,france has to d is to hold !m = a few days4 ,col4 ,b\*] m5tions ! exact numb] ( days4 ,?is book is n at h&1 & ! writ] pref]s n to quote f memory4 ,!n ,russia comes into play1 m ,g]man troops w be ne$$ 9 ! ,ea/1 ! ,fr5* proce$ to an attack on _! weak5$ enemy1 & ,la ,france s]a victorieuse4 ,ev]y?+ h+es on j a c\ple ( days or s4 ,a c\ple ( days6 ,& h[ mu* ( a />t _h ,russia8 ,%e _h begun on ,july #be2 on ,july #bg def9ite news ( ! ,russian mobilization 0 report$ 9 ,b]l91 al?\gh ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> d5i$ x on 8 honor4 ,on ,july #cj ,engl& 0 und]/ood to h promis$ h] support to ,russia1 & ! ,cz> ackn[l$g$ t ,russia _h be5 mobiliz+ = ! pa/ five days4 ,five days6 ,& ,col4 ,b\*]1 express+ ! op9ion ( milit>y exp]ts1 _h c\nt$ on victory on a mu* small] m>g96 ,d ! ,judges ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,civilization realize ! almo/ sup]-human ef=ts 9 ! int]e/ ( peace made by ! ,g]man ,emp]or8 ,russia has a />t ( five days1 & on ,july #ca a />t ( six days4 ,c we n he> all ! milit>y lead]s implor+ ! ,emp]or n to hesitate any long]8 ,b 9 ! int]e/ ( peace ! ,emp]or delays4 ,he has kept ! peace = ,g]many ?r\gh ! almo/ ?irty ye>s ( 8 reign4 ,he prays to 8 ,god1 9 ,:om he has plac$ 8 tru/ ?r\gh all 8 upright life1 ) a f]vor :i* has (t5 br\ght him ridicule4 ,also1 he /ill believes 9 ,engl&1 & hopes ?r\gh h] ef=ts to be able to keep ! peace4 ,he waits ano!r day4 ,a />t ( sev5 days = ,russia6 ,! odds aga9/ ,g]many h gr[n trem5d\sly4 ,at la/ he ord]s mobilization4 ,= a long] delay he w\ld n h be5 able to answ] to 8 c\ntry4 ,z x is1 !re are _m p :o blame him sev]ely = hav+ wait$ s long4 ,b ,william ,,ii4 0 "r1 = :5 ! _w w beg9 to realize ! agonies ?r\gh :i* he mu/ h pass$ dur+ ^! days ( wait+1 & ! sacrifices he made 9 8 ef=t to pres]ve peace1 x w judge ,g]many rightly1 & call ! ,emp]or ! great pr9ce ( peace t he is4 ,b1 x has be5 said1 :y did he n avoid w>1 ei!r by =c+ ,au/ria to yield to ,russia1 or1 if %e refus$1 by )draw+ f h]8 ,9 common ) ! :ole ( ,g]many1 he probably felt t ,au/ria's position 0 "r4 ,s]via h]self1 z has be5 se5 above1 did n claim t %e 0 unju/ly treat$1 :atev] outsid]s ?\ght ( ,au/ria's dem&s2 & ,au/ria 0 fully ju/ifi$ by pa/ ev5ts 9 believ+ t x 0 ) h] a "q ( life & dea?4 ,%\ld ,g]many sacrifice h] fai?ful fri5d "u su* circum/ances1 & = :at8 ,= ! arrogance ( ,russia1 :o w\ld n all[ h] to re-e/abli% h] pre/ige 9 a righte\s cause8 ,! ^w righte\s is us$ advis$ly1 because 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! controv]sy nobody1 n ev5 ,russia nor ,s]via h]self1 d5i$ ! ju/ice ( ,au/ria's dem&s4 ,! writ] is in=m$ t ev5 ! lib]al ,engli% press f\nd no fault ) ! c\rse tak5 by ,au/ria1 al?\gh x comm5t$ adv]sely on ! language us$ 9 ! note4 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! result ( peace b\ght by ,g]many at su* a co/8 ,x w\ld h ali5at$ h] only fai?ful fri5d )\t lay+ ! f\ndations = a la/+ fri5d%ip ) h] oppon5ts4 ,?is at lea/ 0 ,g]many's hone/ belief4 ,%e may h be5 wrong4 ,hi/ory m probably w call h] "r4 ,to des]t ,au/ria might h po/pon$ ! w>1 b :5 x w\ld h come ,g]many w\ld h /ood alone1 &1 worse1 %e w\ld h lo/ h] self-respect4 ,?is claim may s\nd /range 9 ! e>s ( ^? :o h j witness$ & w nev] =get ! suff]+ ( t beautiful little c\ntry1 ,belgium4 ,!y hold t1 s9ce ,g]many invad$ ,belgium1 x is ,g]many :o broke a treaty & :o is to blame4 ,mr4 ,beck consid]s ?is to be s self-evid5t t he deems x unnecess>y to advance any pro(4 ,he quotes ! ,*ancellor's spee*1 &1 mov+ = a quick v]dict1 decl>es 8 motion ( guilty c>ri$4 ,! matt]1 h[ev]1 is n q s simple = ! man :o is seek+ = ! :ole tru?4 ,let u look at ! facts4 ,belgium 0 a neutral c\ntry1 j z any c\ntry has ! "r to decl>e itself neutral1 ) ?is diff]5ce3 t 9 #ahci %e _h promis$ to five p[]s--,great ,brita91 ,france1 ,russia1 ,au/ria1 & ,prussia--t %e w\ld rema9 p]petually neutral4 ,^! five p[]s 9 _! turn _h promis$ to gu>antee h] neutrality4 ,%e 01 h[ev]1 a sov]eign ,/ate1 & z su* _h ! und\bt$ "r to cease be+ neutral :5ev] %e *ose by abrogat+ ! ,treaty ( #ahci4 ,if ! o!r high contract+ p>ties did n agree ) h]1 x 0 _! "r to try to co]ce ,belgium to keep to h] pl$ges1 al?\gh ?is w\ld und\bt$ly h be5 an infr+em5t ( h] sov]eignty4 ,! ,treaty ( #ahci conta9s ! ^w p]petual1 b s does ! treaty betwe5 ,france & ,g]many1 9 :i* ,alsace & ,lorra9e are c$$ by ,france to be p]petually an integral "p ( ! ,g]man ,empire4 ,does ?is mean t ,france1 if ! ,allies %\ld w91 c\ld n retake ^! prov9ces8 ,nobody probably w believe ?is4 ,! ,treaty ( #ahci 0 a treaty j l ! ,treaty ( #ahga1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! latt] treaty 0 conclud$ betwe5 two p[]s1 & ! e>li] "o betwe5 five p[]s on "o side & ,belgium & ,holl& on ! o!r4 ,?is gave c]ta9 rights to all ! signatory p[]s1 any "o ( :om _h ! "r to feel itself suffici5tly aggriev$ to g to w> if any o!r p[] disreg>d$ ! treaty4 ,rights ( ,neutrals4 ,!re 0 once ano!r neutral ,/ate1 ! city & di/rict ( ,crac[1 also e/abli%$ by a treaty to :i* ,great ,brita9 0 a signatory4 ,?ree ( ! sign]s consid]$ ! conditions develop+ 9 ,crac[ to be s ?reat5+ t !y aboli%$ ,crac[ z an indep5d5t ,/ate4 ,great ,brita9 s5t a polite note ( prote/1 & dropp$ ! matt]4 ,s9ce t "t1 h[ev]1 two ,hague ,conf]5ces h be5 held & c]ta9 rules agre$ ^u conc]n+ ! rights & duties ( neutrals4 ,! ,belgian /atus ( inviolability re/s on ^! rules1 call$ conv5tions1 r ?an on ! ,treaty ( #ahci4 ,dur+ ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> ( #ahgj ,mr4 ,glad/one v cle>ly /at$ t he did n consid] ! ,treaty ( #ahci en=ceable4 ,great ,brita91 !re=e1 made two new treaties1 "o ) ,france & "o ) ,prussia 7quot$ & discuss$ 9 ,bo/on ,ev5+ ,transcript1 ,oct4 #ad1 #aiad7 9 :i* %e promis$ to def5d ,belgian neutrality1 by ! side ( ei!r ,france or ,prussia1 aga9/ t "o ( !m :o %\ld infr+e ! neutrality4 ,^! treaties 7 to t]m9ate "o ye> aft] peace _h be5 conclud$ betwe5 ! conte/ants4 ,a treaty1 l ! "o ( #ahci1 h[ev]1 :i* 0 consid]$ un5=ceable 9 #ahgj1 c h>dly be claim$ to h ga9$ new rights 9 #aiad4 ,9 calm mom5ts nobody w claim t a great] sanctity atta*es to x ?an to ! treaty 9 :i* ,alsace & ,lorra9e are c$$ =ev] to ,g]many4 ,no1 x is ,! ,hague ,conv5tions to :i* we mu/ look4 ,! fir/ conv5tion 7#ahii7 conta9$ no rules =bidd+ bellig]5ts f ent]+ neutral t]ritory4 ,9 ! second conf]5ce x 0 ?\ght desirable to =mulate su* rules1 because x 0 felt t 9 w> bellig]5ts are at lib]ty to d :at is n expressly =bidd54 ,at ! reque/ ( ,france1 !re=e1 a new set ( rules 0 sugge/$1 to :i* ,great ,brita9 & ,belgium (f]$ valuable am5dm5ts4 ,! rules 7 f9ally accept$1 & are today p>ts ( int]national law4 ,!y read2 ,article ,i4 ,! t]ritory ( neutral p[]s is inviolable4 ,article ,,ii4 ,bellig]5ts are =bidd5 to move troops or convoys ( ei!r munitions ( w> or supplies across ! t]ritory ( a neutral p[]4 ,^! articles1 toge!r ) ! :ole conv5tion call$ ,rights & duties ( neutral p[]s & p]sons 9 case ( w> on l&1 h be5 ratifi$ & !re=e accept$ z law by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ,au/ria1 ,belgium1 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,japan1 & ,russia & o!r m9or p[]s4 ,great ,brita9 exp]i5c$ a *ange ( he>t1 &1 al?\gh h] own delegates _h mov$ ^! articles1 %e refus$ to ratify !m1 :5 %e ratifi$ mo/ ( ! o!r conv5tions on ,nov4 #bg1 #aiji4 7,a table %[+ ! ratifications ( conv5tions has be5 publi%$ by ,! ,_w ,peace ,f\ndation1 ,bo/on47 ,! ,case ( ,belgium4 ,s9ce ,great ,brita9 did n accept ^! articles z law1 %e 0 n b\nd by !m1 = ! pr9ciple ( ,! ,hague ,conf]5ces is t a nation is b\nd only by ^? laws :i* x accepts4 ,! rem>kable fact1 !re=e1 appe>s t ! only "o ( ! big nations :i* _h refus$ to accept ^! articles1 & :i*1 !re=e1 might h mov$ h] troops across a neutral c\ntry & h claim$ t %e c\ld d s ) a cle> consci5ce because %e broke no law :i* 0 b9d+ on h]1 0 ,great ,brita94 ,& ! _w n[ sees ! spectacle ( ,great ,brita9 claim+ to h gone to w> because ano!r p[] did :at %e h]self c\ld h done1 accord+ to h] own int]pretation1 ) impunity4 ,japan has brok5 ! int]national law by infr++ ! neutrality ( ,*9a1 b ,great ,brita9 c claim t %e did n break a law by do+ exactly :at ,japan did4 ,x is n ass]t$ "h t ! citiz5s ( ,great ,brita9 are n absolutely s9c]e 9 _! belief ( ! causes :i* h alli$ !m ) ! ,russians & ! ,japanese1 & ! ,indians & ! ,z\aves1 & ! negroes & ! ,fr5* & ! ,belgians aga9/ ,g]many4 ,_! ,gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 %\ld h kn[n t ! presumption ( ins9c]ity exi/s :5 "o *>ges aga9/ o!rs a crime :i* "o w\ld h felt at lib]ty to commit "o's self4 ,yet1 m1 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t knew bett] ?an anybody else t ,g]many _h n ev5 committ$ ?is crime2 =1 accord+ to all laws ( ju/ice1 no p]son or nation c claim ! inviolability ( a neutral :5 he has committ$ ho/ile acts aga9/ a bellig]5t1 or acts 9 favor ( a bellig]5t4 7,article ,,xvii4 ( ,! ,hague ,conf]5ce ( #aijg47 ,! "q1 !re=e1 arises1 ,did ,belgium commit acts 9 favor ( "o ( ,g]many's oppon5ts1 if n actually ho/ile acts aga9/ ,g]many8 ,9 ord] to und]/& ,g]many's *>ge t ,belgium _h committ$ su* acts1 att5tion mu/ be direct$ to "o ( ! mo/ un=tunate /ipulations ( ! ,treaty ( #ahci1 :i* compell$ ,belgium to ma9ta9 sev]al =tresses4 ,?is meant t a small neutral p1 s&wi*$ 9 betwe5 two great p[]s1 _h to keep itself in=m$ on milit>y affairs4 ,in/ead ( be+ able to fo/] a peaceful /ate ( m9d1 :i* is ! sure/ gu>antee ( neutrality1 ! ,belgians 7 =c$ to ?9k milit>y ?\ghts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&rew ,,c>negie 7,photo 7c7 by ,und]wood ,und]wood47 ,see ,page #dae ,illu/ration3 ,,jacob ,h4 ,,s*iff 7,photo by ,am]ican ,press ,assn47 ,see ,page #dei ,9 ! eighties & e>ly n9eties !y suspect$ ,france ( designs on _! integrity4 ,s9ce !n a *ange 9 ! popul> feel+ has tak5 place & 9 rec5t ye>s ! in/ruction ( ! ,belgian artill]y1 = in/ance1 0 intru/$ to ,fr5* (fic]s 9 active s]vice4 ,^! (fic]s 7 con/antly at home & v prop]ly conc]n$ ) solv+ milit>y problems su* z a future w> ) ,g]many might pres5t4 ,:at 0 m natural ?an t ^! same (fic]s1 :5 !y 7 deta*$ = a few mon?s or ye>s to ,lige or ,namur or ,huy1 taught _! ,belgian *>ges to prep>e aga9/ a ,g]man attack1 & to look ^u ! ,fr5* z _! fri5ds & ! ,g]mans z _! enemies8 ,if conditions _h be5 diff]5t1 & ,g]man (fic]s _h be5 9 *>ge ( ,belgian =tresses1 ! ,belgian guns 9 practice w\ld always h be5 tra9$ on imag9>y ,fr5* invad]s4 ,fr5* ,(fic]s 9 ,belgian ,=ts4 ,if ?is is und]/ood x w be se5 t 9 ! case ( w> ! actual neutrality ( ! ,belgian g>risons w\ld naturally be det]m9$ by ! position tak5 by t nation ^: (fic]s _h be5 9 *>ge ( ! ,belgian =tresses4 ,& ?is might be entirely indep5d5t ( ! pr(ess$ wi%es ( ! ,belgian p or _! ,gov]nm5t4 ,if ,fr5* (fic]s 9 active s]vice rema9$ 9 ! sev]al =tresses1 or ev5 only 9 "o aft] ! beg9n+ ( ho/ilities1 & if ! ,fr5* campaign plans contemplat$ an attack ?r\gh ,belgium1 !n ,belgium _h committ$ an act 9 favor ( ,france by n =c+ ! ,fr5* (fic]s to leave1 & _h =feit$ ! rights & privileges grant$ by ,! ,hague ,conv5tion ( #aijg to a neutral ,/ate4 ,did ,fr5* (fic]s rema9 9 ,lige or 9 any o!r ,belgian =tress aft] ho/ilities _h begun1 & did ,france plan to g ?r\gh ,belgium8 ,g]many has (ficially made bo? claims4 ,! fir/ c easily be sub/antiat$ by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,civilization by an inve/igation ( ! prison]s ( w> tak5 9 ,belgium4 ,until an imp>tial inve/igation becomes possible no fur!r pro( ?an ! claim made by ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t c be produc$4 ,! second *>ge is conta9$ 9 ,no4 #aeg ( ! ,engli% ,:ite ,pap] 9 ^! words ( in/ruction f ! ,g]man ,=eign ,secret>y to ! ,g]man ,ambassador 9 ,london3 ,please impress ^u ,sir ,edw>d ,grey t ,g]man ,army c\ld n be expos$ to ,fr5* attack across ,belgium1 :i* 0 plann$ accord+ to absolutely unimpea*able in=mation4 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey has attack$ ,g]many = invad+ ,belgium1 b has n[h]e d5i$ t ,g]many _h ! unimpea*able evid5ce %e said %e _h1 & :i* ( c\rse nullifi$ any previ\s assurance f ,france4 ,x is n kn[n :e!r ,sir ,edw>d ,grey 0 %[n ?is evid5ce or n1 b if ! pres]vation ( ,belgian neutrality 0 ,great ,brita9's *ief conc]n1 :y did %e n (f] to negotiate treaties ) ,g]many & ,france z %e _h done 9 #ahgj8 ,x w be rememb]$ t !n %e b\nd h]self to jo9 ) ei!r ( ! conte/ants 9 def5d+ ,belgian neutrality aga9/ ! attacks ( ! o!r4 ,z ! case /&s today1 on ! evid5ce ( ,sir ,edw>d ,grey's own ,:ite ,pap] & spee*es1 ,great ,brita9 is mak+ w> on ,g]many because3 #a4 ,%e broke ! ,treaty ( #ahci1 al?\gh h] own ,glad/one _h decl>$ ?is treaty to be )\t =ce1 & al?\gh ! /atus ( neutral ,/ates _h be5 remov$ by ,! ,hague ,conv5tion f ! unc]ta9ty ( treaties to ! security ( int]national law4 #b4 ,great ,brita9 makes w> aga9/ ,g]many because ,g]many has brok5 ,articles ,i4 & ,,ii4 ( ,*apt] #a ( ,! ,hague ,conv5tion ref]r+ to neutrals1 al?\gh ,great ,brita9 h]self has refus$ to recognize ^! articles z b9d+ ^u h] own conduct4 #c4 ,%e makes w> on ,g]many al?\gh %e has nev] d5i$ ! correctness ( ,g]many's ass]tion t %e _h unimpea*able pro( ( ,france's int5tions ( go+ ?r\gh ,belgium1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! soj\rn ( ,fr5* (fic]s 9 ,belgium1 con/itutes ! (f5se :i*1 accord+ to ,! ,hague ,conv5tion1 deprives a s-call$ neutral ,/ate ( ! privileges grant$ 9 ,articles ,i4 & ,,ii4 ,x is impossible to say "h exactly :at ^! pro(s are :i* ,g]many possesses1 & :i* = milit>y reasons %e has n yet be5 able to divulge4 ,%e has publi%$ "s ( !m1 namely1 ! pro( ( ! cont9u$ pres5ce ( ,fr5* (fic]s on ,belgian soil1 & has giv5 ! names & numb]s ( ! sev]al army corps :i* ,france _h plann$ to pu% ?r\gh ,belgium4 ,! case !n /&s z foll[s3 #a4 ,0 ! inviolability ( ,belgium gu>ante$ by ,articles ,i4 & ,,ii4 ( ,! ,hague ,conv5tion8 ,yes4 #b4 ,_h ,g]many ratifi$ ^! articles8 ,yes4 #c4 ,_h ,great ,brita9 ratifi$ ^! articles8 ,no4 #d4 ,w\ld ,belgium h =feit$ ! "r ( hav+ h] c\ntry held inviolable if %e _h committ$ acts 9 favor ( ,france1 ev5 if ^! acts 7 n actually ho/ile acts8 ,yes1 accord+ to ,article ,,xvii4 ( ,! ,hague ,conv5tion4 #e4 ,did ,belgium commit acts 9 favor ( ,france1 & 0 ,g]many1 !re=e1 ju/ifi$ 9 disreg>d+ ! inviolability ( h] t]ritory8 ,! ,ma9 ,"q4 ,?is is ! important "q1 & ! answ] mu/ be left to ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,civilization4 ,! weight ( ! evid5ce w\ld seem to po9t to a ju/ification ( ,g]many4 ,yet no fri5d ( ,g]many c f9d fault ) ^? :o w\ld wi% to def] a v]dict until su* a "t :5 ,g]many c pres5t h] complete pro( to ! _w1 & ?is may be :5 ! w> is ov]4 ,?r\gh\t ?is argum5t ! fam\s passage ( ! ,*ancellor's spee* 9 ! ,rei*/ag has be5 disreg>d$4 ,x reads3 ,our troops h occupi$ ,luxemburg & p]haps are already on ,belgian soil4 ,g5tlem51 t is contr>y to ! dictates ( int]national law4 ,x is true t ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t has decl>$ at ,brussels t ,france is will+ to respect ! neutrality ( ,belgium s long z h] oppon5ts respect x4 ,we knew1 h[ev]1 t ,france /ood ready = invasion4 ,! wrong--,i speak op5ly--t we are committ+ we w endeavor to make good4 ,?is has be5 und]/ood to mean t ! ,*ancellor ackn[l$g$ t ,g]many 0 break+ ! ,treaty ( #ahci )\t w>rant1 & t ,g]many1 !re=e1 des]v$ ! contempt ( ! _w4 ,may x n be> ano!r int]pretation8 ,?us3 ,! ,*ancellor1 l ,glad/one 9 #ahgj1 did n consid] ! #ahci ,treaty en=ceable1 b saw ! gu>antee = ,belgium 9 ,! ,hague ,conv5tion4 ,he did n wi% to (f5d ,belgium by ann\nc+ to ! _w t %e _h lo/ h] rights z a neutral because ( h] acts favorable to ,france1 = :5 he spoke he 0 /ill ( ! op9ion t %e w\ld accept ! ,g]man (f] :i* gu>ante$ to h] bo? h] indep5d5ce & integrity4 ,& j z ,s]via w\ld h accept$ ,au/ria's note if ,russia _h p]mitt$ h]1 s ,belgium w\ld n h resi/$ ! ,g]man dem& if x _h n be5 = ,engl&4 ,?is c be prov$ by ! ,briti% ,:ite ,pap]1 ,nos4 #aec & #aee4 ,9 ! =m] ! ,k+ ( ! ,belgians appeals to ! diplomatic int]v5tion ( y\r ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t to safegu>d ! integrity ( ,belgium1 be+ app>5tly ( ! impression t ,g]many wi%$ to annex p>ts1 if n ! :ole1 ( 8 c\ntry4 ,! ,london reply advises ! ,belgians to resi/ by any means 9 _! p[]1 & t 8 ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t w support !m 9 (f]+ su* resi/ance1 & t 8 ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t 9 ?is ev5t are prep>$ to jo9 ,russia & ,france1 if desir$1 9 (f]+ to ! ,belgian ,gov]nm5t at once common action = ! purpose ( resi/+ use ( =ce by ,g]many aga9/ !m1 & a gu>antee to ma9ta9 _! indep5d5ce & integrity 9 future ye>s4 ,has ,mr4 ,beck really n notic$ 9 ?is promise ! omission ( ! ^w neutrality8 ,by ! ,treaty ( #ahci ,belgium enjoy$ n only indep5d5ce & integrity1 b also p]petual neutrality4 ,does ,great ,brita9 (f] to fight ,g]many = ! en=cem5t ( ! ,treaty ( #ahci8 ,no6 ,because h]eaft] ! ^w neutrality is dropp$ f h] gu>antee1 & s9ce %e alone ( all ! great p[]s has n ratifi$ ! articles ( ,! ,hague ,conv5tion conc]n+ neutrals %e alone w be able to disreg>d ! inviolability ( ,belgian soil1 ev5 ?\gh ,belgium kept /rictly neutral 9 a future w>4 ,& :at1 f9ally1 does %e gu>antee h]8 ,indep5d5ce & integrity6 ,t is exactly ! same t ,g]many _h promis$ h]4 ,= ?is ,belgium _h to be dragg$ ?r\gh ! horrors ( w>1 & ! good "n ( ,g]many z t ( an hone/ nation _h to be dragg$ ?r\gh ! mire1 & hatr$ & murd] _h to be />t$1 t ,belgium might get on ! battlefield1 f ! insuffici5t support ( ,russia & ,france & ,engl&1 :at ,g]many _h freely (f]$ h]--indep5d5ce & integrity4 ,casual read]s w\ld n miss ! ^w neutrality f ,sir ,edw>d ,grey's gu>antee1 because !y d n diff]5tiate betwe5 ! words integrity1 indep5d5ce1 & neutrality4 ,great ,brita9 & h] ally ,japan1 m>*+ ?r\gh ,*9a into ,kiao-,*au1 may be said to h violat$ ,*9a's neutrality1 b n h] indep5d5ce1 nor1 s long z !y refra9 f annex+ any ,*9ese t]ritory1 h] integrity4 ,fix+ ! ,blame4 ,nobody famili> ) ! c>eful "w ( ,sir ,edw>d ,grey c = "o mom5t believe t ,sir ,edw>d inadv]t5tly dropp$ ! ^w1 j z little z ,j4 ,ramsay ,macdonald & o!r ,briti% lead]s believe t he inadv]t5tly dropp$ "o ( ! two rema9+ words1 integrity & indep5d5ce1 :5 he told ,p>liam5t ( ,g]many's gu>antee1 & :y ,great ,brita9 %\ld n accept x1 b g to w>4 ,:5 ! blame = ! horrors committ$ 9 ,belgium are assess$ ^! facts mu/ be rememb]$3 #a4 ,belgium 0 by treaty b\nd to ma9ta9 =tresses4 #b4 ,france tempt$ h] to commit acts fri5dly to h]self1 by :i* ,belgium =feit$ h] rights to ! protection ( ,! ,hague articles gov]n+ ! rights & duties ( neutrals4 #c4 ,engl& urg$ h] to take up arms1 :5 %e _h only ask$ to h h] integrity gu>ante$ by diplomatic int]v5tion4 7,nos4 #aec1 #aee47 #d4 ,g]many promis$ h] indep5d5ce & integrity & peace1 :ile ,engl&1 quietly dropp+ h] gu>antee ( neutrality 9 future ye>s1 promis$ h] indep5d5ce & integrity & w>4 #e4 ,& ,sir ,edw>d ,grey 0 able to sway ,p>liam5t1 accord+ to "o ( ! lead]s ( ,p>liam5t himself1 only because he misrepres5t$ ,g]many's gu>antee1 &1 hav+ dropp$1 9 8 note to ,belgium1 ! ^w neutrality1 dropp$ yet ano!r ( ! two rema9+ words1 integrity & indep5d5ce4 ,?is is ! case z x appe>s on ! evid5ce conta9$ 9 ! v>i\s ,:ite ,pap]s4 ,au/ria 0 att5d+ prop]ly to h] own affairs2 ,s]via 0 will+ to yield2 ,russia1 h[ev]1 0 det]m9$ to humiliate ,au/ria or to g to w>4 ,g]many prov$ a loyal fri5d to h] ally1 ,au/ria2 %e tru/$ 9 ! ,briti% pr(essions ( fri5d%ip to ! la/1 & sacrific$ sev5 valuable days 9 ! int]e/ ( peace4 ,france 0 will+ to d :at might be requir$ by h] int]e/s1 :ile ,great ,brita9 yield$ to ,russia & ,france1 promis+ !m _! support )\t :i* ,france1 & !re=e ,russia1 w\ld n h decid$ on w>4 ,z to ,belgium1 ,g]many told ,sir ,edw>d ,grey t %e _h unimpea*able evid5ce t ,france 0 plann+ to g ?r\gh ,belgium1 & %e publi%$ h] evid5ce conc]n+ ! ,fr5* (fic]s :o rema9$ 9 ,belgium4 ,al?\gh ,belgium _h ?us lo/ any rights atta*+ to h] /ate ( neutrality1 ,g]many promis$ to respect h] integrity & indep5d5ce1 & to pay = any damage done4 ,%e pref]r$1 h[ev]1 to li/5 to ,great ,brita91 :o promis$ exactly ! same except pay = any damage done4 ,unlike ,mr4 ,beck1 :o 9 ! same article pleads 8 case z ! c\nsel = ! ,allies & ca/s 8 v]dict z ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,civilization1 ! pres5t writ] pref]s to leave ! judgm5t to 8 read]s z a :ole1 & fur!r /ill1 to ! :ole ,am]ican p--yea1 to all ! peoples ( ! _w4 ,nor is he 9 a hurry1 = he is will+ to wait & h ! ,judges weigh ! evid5ce & call = m1 if !y consid] insuffici5t :at has already be5 submitt$4 ,snap judgm5ts are ev] unsatisfactory4 ,!y h (t5 to be rev]s$4 ,! pres5t case1 h[ev]1 is too important to w>rant a ha/y decision4 ,! f9al judgm5t1 if x is bas$ on tru?1 w v /rongly influ5ce ! nature ( ! peace1 :i* w ei!r e/abli% good-w & /able conditions 9 ! _w1 or lead to ano!r & ev5 m complete breakd[n ( civilization4 ,:at ,glad/one ,said ,ab\t ,belgium ,by ,george ,l\is ,be]4 ,hi/orian2 w9n] ( ! fir/ ,l\bat ,prize1 #aiac1 = 8 book on ! orig9s ( ! ,briti% ,colonial sy/em4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 solemn spee* ( ,aug4 #h1 #aiad1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons ,sir ,edw>d ,grey quot$ "s rem>ks made by ,glad/one 9 #ahgj on ! ext5t ( ! obligation incurr$ by ! signatory p[]s to ! ,qu9tuple ,treaty ( #ahci gu>antee+ ! neutrality ( ,belgium4 ,%orn f _! context z !y 71 ^! s5t5ces are by no means illum9at+1 & x _c be said t _! citation 9 ?is =m by ,sir ,edw>d ,grey 0 a v felicit\s "o4 ,dur+ ! pap] polemics ( ! pa/ mon?s ^! deta*$ words ( ,glad/one h be5 freely us$ by ,g]many's def5d]s & apologi/s to ma9ta9 t ,great ,brita9 ( #ahgj w\ld n h deem$ ! ev5ts ( #aiad a casus belli1 & t its entrance into ! pres5t w> on acc\nt ( ! violation ( ,belgium's neutrality 0 m]ely a pretext4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ?is controv]sy ,glad/one's attitude has 9 v>i\s ways be5 grossly misrepres5t$1 ,dr4 von ,ma* ( ,h>v>d ev5 /at+ 9 ! columns ( ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times t ,glad/one _h decl>$ ! ,treaty ( #ahci to be )\t =ce4 ,b1 ap>t f su* pat5t di/ortions1 ,glad/one's real position is app>5tly n cle>ly def9$ 9 ! m9d ( ! g5]al public1 :i* is m]ely seek+ = ! unadult]at$ tru?1 reg>dless ( its effect ^u ! case ( any "o ( ! bellig]5ts4 ,%ortly aft] ! outbreak ( ! ,franco-,prussian w> 9 #ahgj ! ,prussian ,ambassador 9 ,london in=m$ ,glad/one1 !n ,prime ,m9i/]1 t "s "t prior to ! exi/+ w> ,france _h ask$ ,prussia to cons5t to ! =m] c\ntry's absorption ( ,belgium1 & t !re 0 9 ! possession ( ! ,prussian ,gov]nm5t ! draft ( a treaty to ?is effect 9 ! h&writ+ ( ,m4 ,b5$etti1 !n ,fr5* ,ambassador at ,b]l94 ,?is communication 0 obvi\sly made1 z ,"l ,morley tells u1 ) ! object ( prompt+ ,glad/one to be ! ag5t 9 mak+ ! evil news public & ?us ( prejudic+ ,france 9 ! judgm5t ( ,europe4 ,glad/one ?\ght ?is no "p ( 8 duty1 & v %ortly !reaft]1 at ! direct in/ance ( ,bism>ck1 ?is draft treaty ( #ahff-g 0 communicat$ by ,b>on ,krause ( ! ,prussian ,embassy 9 ,london to ,delane1 ! editor ( ,! ,times4 ,on ,july #be1 #ahgj1 x 0 publi%$ 9 ! columns ( t pap] & ar\s$ consid]able anxiety 9 ,engl&4 ,x imm$iately became imp]ative ^u ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t to take "s action4 ,z ,glad/one wrote to ,bright1 ! publication ( ?is treaty has ?r[n ^u u ! necessity ( do+ some?+ fre% to secure ,belgium1 or else ( say+ t "u no circum/ances w\ld we take any /ep to secure h] f absorption4 ,?is publication has :olly alt]$ ! feel+ ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 & no ,gov]nm5t c\ld at ?is mom5t v5ture to give utt]ance to su* an int5tion ab\t ,belgium4 ,b nei!r d we ?9k x w\ld be "r1 ev5 if x 7 safe1 to ann\nce t we w\ld 9 any case /& by ) fold$ arms & see actions done :i* w\ld am\nt to a total ext9ction ( ! public "r 9 ,europe4 ,! ,special ,id5tical ,treaties4 ,a simple decl>ation ( ,great ,brita9's int5tion to def5d ! neutrality ( ,belgium by arms 9 case x 7 infr+$ seem$ to ,glad/one n to meet ! special requirem5ts ( ! case z reveal$ by ! propos$ ,treaty ( #ahff-g betwe5 ,prussia & ,france4 ,8 ma9 object 0 to prev5t ! actual execution ( su* an agreem5t1 by means ( :i* ! two bellig]5t p[]s w\ld settle _! qu>rels & satisfy _! ambitions at ! exp5se ( helpless ,belgium4 ,h5ce1 on ,july #cj1 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t op5$ negotiations ) ,france & ,prussia & )9 a =tnight _h conclud$ sep>ate b id5tical treaties ) ea* ( ^! p[]s4 ,accord+ to ^! treaties1 9 case ! neutrality ( ,belgium 7 violat$ by ei!r ,france or ,g]many1 ,great ,brita9 agre$ to co-op]ate ) ! o!r 9 its def5se4 ,! preamble ( ^! treaties /ates t ! contract+ p[]s be+ desir\s at ! pres5t "t ( record+ 9 a solemn act _! fix$ det]m9ation to ma9ta9 ! indep5d5ce & neutrality ( ,belgium1 z provid$ 9 ! ,treaty ( #ahci1 h conclud$ ?is sep>ate treaty1 :i*1 )\t impair+ or invalidat+ ! conditions ( ! said ,qu9tuple ,treaty1 %all be subsidi>y & accessory to x4 ,article ,,iii4 fur!r provid$ t ^! ,treaties ( #ahgj 7 to expire twelve mon?s aft] ! conclusion ( ! exi/+ w>1 & t !reaft] ! indep5d5ce & neutrality ( ,belgium w\ld cont9ue to re/1 z h]et(ore1 on ! ,treaty ( #ahci4 ,^! docum5ts tell a pla9 tale1 :i* is amply confirm$ by ! proce$+s 9 ,p>liam5t 9 connection ) ?is matt]4 ,on ,aug4 #e1 #ahgj1 :ile ! negotiations lead+ to ! above-m5tion$ treaties 7 /ill p5d+1 que/ions 7 rais$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons ab\t ! rec5tly publi%$ abortive ,treaty ( #ahff-g betwe5 ,prussia & ,france4 ,9 reply ,glad/one /at$ t ! ,treaty ( #ahci is t "u :i* ! relations ( ! contract+ p[]s ) ,belgium are at pres5t regulat$2 & t1 :ile he c\ld n expla9 ! int5tions ( ! ,gov]nm5t 9 a matt] ( ?is v grave "* 9 answ] to a "q1 he hop$ to be able to communicate "s fur!r in=mation 9 an au!ntic mann]4 ,?ree days lat]1 z ^! treaties ) ,france & ,prussia _h be5 virtually conclud$1 ,glad/one 0 able to satisfy ! anxiety ( ! ,h\se & outl9$ _! t]ms4 ,he explicitly /at$ t1 aft] _! expiration1 ! respective p>ties1 be+ p>ties to ! ,treaty ( #ahci1 %all fall back ^u ! obligations !y took ^u !mselves "u t treaty4 ,aft] ,glad/one _h f9i%$ speak+ ! lead] ( ! opposition1 ,disraeli1 took ! floor & po9t$ out t1 z a g5]al proposition1 :5 !re is a treaty gu>antee s explicit z t express$ 9 ! ,treaty ( #ahci1 ,i ?9k ! wisdom ( f\nd+ on t ano!r treaty :i* involves u 9 engagem5ts may be op5 to d\bt4 ,b he accept$ ,glad/one's /atem5t z ! decl>ation ( ! ,cab9et1 t !y are resolv$ to ma9ta9 ! neutrality & indep5d5ce ( ,belgium1 ,i accept x z a wise & spirit$ policy1 & a policy1 9 my op9ion1 n ! less wise because x is spirit$4 ,glad/one !n repli$1 say+ t ! reason ! ,gov]nm5t _h n made a g5]al decl>ation ( its int5tions reg>d+ ,belgium 0 t mu* dang] might arise f su* a decl>ation & t inadv]t5tly !y might h giv5 utt]ance to words t might be held to import obligations almo/ unlimit$ & almo/ irrespectively ( circum/ances4 ,we _h made up our m9ds1 he cont9u$1 t we _h a duty to p]=m1 & we ?\ght a specific decl>ation ( :at we ?\ght ! obligations ( ?is c\ntry bett] ?an any g5]al decl>ation4 ,ref]r+ to ! two treaties 9 process ( ratification1 he conclud$3 ,we ?\ght t by contract+ a jo9t engagem5t we might remove ! difficulty & prev5t ,belgium f be+ sacrific$4 ,! policy ( ! ,gov]nm5t cont9u$1 h[ev]1 to be criticis$1 ma9ly on ! gr\nd t ! ,treaty ( #ahci amply cov]$ ! case4 ,on ,aug4 #aj ,glad/one def5d$ 8 policy 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons 9 a spee* pit*$ on a high moral plane1 9 :i* he dilat$ ^u ,belgium's hi/oric pa/ & spl5did pres5t & on ,great ,brita9's duty to ?is little nation irrespective ( all que/ions ( its own self-int]e/4 ,) g5u9e f]vor1 he exclaim$3 ,if1 9 ord] to satisfy a gre$y appetite = aggr&isem5t1 com+ :5ce x may1 ,belgium 7 absorb$1 ! day t witness$ t absorption w\ld he> ! knell ( public "r & public law 9 ,europe4444 ,we h an int]e/ 9 ! indep5d5ce ( ,belgium :i* is wid] ?an t :i* we may h 9 ! lit]al op]ation ( ! gu>antee4 ,x is f\nd 9 answ] to ! "q :e!r "u ! circum/ance ( ! case ?is c\ntry1 end[$ z x is ) influ5ce & p[]1 w\ld quietly /& by & witness ! p]petration ( ! dire/ crime t ev] /a9$ ! pages ( hi/ory1 & ?us become p>ticipators 9 ! s94 ,:at ,glad/one ,_h 9 ,m9d4 ,:at ,glad/one _h 9 m9d 0 ! s*eme ( #ahff-g1 by :i* ,france 0 to absorb ,belgium1 ) ,prussia's cons5t & aid4 ,he di/9ctly /at$ t ! ,treaties ( #ahgj 7 devis$ to meet ! new /ate ( affairs disclos$ by ! publication ( ?is incomplete treaty4 ,x 0 9 ord] to prev5t ! revival ( su* a conspiracy t ,glad/one made sep>ate & id5tical treaties 9 #ahgj ) ,france & ,prussia4 ,!y 7 a practical device to secure an effectual en=cem5t ( ! ,treaty ( #ahci "u un=ese5 & difficult circum/ances4 ,! agreem5t ( #ahgj 01 z ,glad/one said1 a cumulative treaty add$ to t ( #ahci1 & ! latt] treaty loses no?+ ( its =ce1 ev5 dur+ ! exi/5ce ( ?is pres5t treaty4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ?is spee* def5d+ ! ,gov]nm5t's action aga9/ ^? critics :o claim$ t ! ,treaty ( #ahci adequately met ! situation1 ,glad/one made "s g5]al rem>ks ab\t ! ext5t ( ! obligation incurr$ by ! signatories to ! ,treaty ( #ahci3 ,x is n necess>y1 nor w\ld "t p]mit me1 to ent] into ! complicat$ "q ( ! nature ( ! obligations ( t treaty1 b ,i am n able to subscribe to ! doctr9e ( ^? :o h held 9 ?is ,h\se :at pla9ly am\nts to an ass]tion t ! simple fact ( ! exi/5ce ( a gu>antee is b9d+ on e p>ty to x1 irrespectively altoge!r ( ! p>ticul> position 9 :i* x may f9d itself at ! "t :5 ! occasion = act+ on ! gu>antee arises4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 impossible to /ate precisely :at 7 ^? unutt]$ ?\ghts t pass$ ?r\gh ,glad/one's m9d z he spoke ^! *>act]i/ically cauti\s words1 b :at 9 g5]al !y 7 c be satisfactorily glean$ f a lett] t he _h writt5 six days be=e ?is to ,john ,bright3 ,t we %\ld simply decl>e we w def5d ! neutrality ( ,belgium by arms 9 case x %\ld be attack$4 ,n[1 ! sole or s+le-h&$ def5se ( ,belgium w\ld be an ent]prise :i* we incl9e to ?9k quixotic2 if ^! two great milit>y p[]s ,france & ,prussia comb9$ aga9/ x--t comb9ation is ! only s]i\s dang]2 & ?is x is :i* by our propos$ engagem5ts we %\ld1 ,i hope1 r5d] improbable to ! v la/ degree4 ,i add = myself ?is confession ( fai?3 ,if ! ,belgian p desire1 on _! own acc\nt1 to jo9 ,france or any o!r c\ntry1 ,i = "o w be no p>ty to tak+ up arms to prev5t x4 ,b t ! ,belgians1 :e!r !y w\ld or n1 %\ld g plump d[n ! maw ( ano!r c\ntry to satisfy dyna/ic gre$ is ano!r matt]4 ,! accompli%m5t ( su* a crime z ?is implies w\ld come ne> to an ext9ction ( public "r 9 ,europe1 & ,i d n ?9k we c\ld look on :ile ! sacrifice ( fre$om & indep5d5ce 0 9 c\rse ( consummation4 ,fight to ! ,bitt] ,end ,,an ,,int]view ,,) ,,&rew ,,c>negie4 ,retir$ ironma/] & philan?ropi/2 build] ( ! ,peace ,temple at ,! ,hague2 f\nd] ( ! ,c>negie ,in/itution at ,wa%+ton2 f\nd] & patron ( a *a9 ( libr>ies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita91 & b5efactor ( _m societies & in/itutions4 ,by ,edw>d ,m>%all4 ,"h is ! report ( a truly rem>kable /atem5t by ,mr4 ,c>negie4 ,he is ! _w's mo/ notable peace advocate1 & 9 ?is int]view he voices ! reflections sugge/$ to him by ! great ,european w>4 ,!y are unusual1 & make ?is int]view especially wor?y ( a place ^u ! pages ( ! ,*ri/mas issue ( ,,! ,,times1 al?\gh x pr9cipally deals ) w>1 & ,*ri/mas is ! fe/ival ( peace4 ,has w> ev] settl$ any?+ :i* might n h be5 settl$ bett] by arbitration8 ,i ask$ ,mr4 ,c>negie4 ,no2 nev]1 he repli$4 ,no tru] inf]5ce 0 ev] made ?an may be f\nd 9 ,milton's qu]y1 p5n$ ?ree c5turies ago & nev] answ]$3 ',:at c w> b w>s bre$8' ,w> c bre$ only w>4 ,( c\rse1 peace inevitably mu/ foll[ w>1 b1 truly1 no peace ev] 0 born ( w>4 ,we all rev]e ! memory ( him :o voic$ ! w>n+3 ',9 "t ( peace prep>e = w>'2 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 we all "k t :5 "o nation prep>es = w> o!rs inevitably mu/ foll[ its dang]\s lead4 ,h5ce1 & h5ce only1 ! huge armam5ts :i* h oppress$ ! _w1 mak+ its mo/ peaceful ye>s a spectacle ( sadness--a spectacle ( m5 prep>+ & prep>$ to fight ) "o ano!r4 ,soon] or lat] m5 prep>$ to fight w fight2 huge armam5ts & armies mean huge battles2 huge battles mean huge trag$ies4 ,?is nev] has be5 o!rwise1 & nev] c be4 ,peace c come only :5 mank9d ab&ons w>ful prep>ation4 ,& s ,i seem to h repli$ to y\r inquiry ) an answ] ) a tail to x2 & ! tail is m important ?an ! answ]1 = ! answ] m]ely says t w> nev] settl$ any?+ :i* might n h be5 settl$ bett] by arbitration1 :ile ! tail proclaims ! folly ( a _w prep>$ = w>4 ,h[ to ,prev5t ,w>4 ,armam5t mu/ mean ! use ( armam5t1 & t is w>4 ,if we are to prev5t w> we mu/ prev5t prep>ation = w>1 j z if we are to prev5t burgl>y we mu/ prev5t prep>ation = burgl>y by prohibit+ ! c>ry+ ( ! in/rum5ts ( burgl>y4 ,! only cure = w> ,mr4 ,c>negie 9 speak+ italiciz$ ! ^w cure is w> :i* defeats "s "o2 b two m5 :o are un>m$ are c]ta9 n to %oot at "o ano!r4 ,"h1 z 9 m$ic9e1 prev5tion is mu* bett] ?an cure4 ,pla9ly x mu/ be ?r\gh su* prev5tion1 n ?r\gh su* a cure z victory sometimes is suppos$ to repres5t1 t w>f>e c be /opp$4 ,w>f>e means "s "o's defeat1 ( c\rse1 & t implies 8 tempor>y incapacity = fur!r w>1 b x goes )\t say+ t all conqu]$ nations mu/ be embitt]$ by _! defeat4 ,few nations ev] h f\ght w>s 9 :i* ! majority ( at lea/ _! fight+ m5 did n believe ! side !y f\ght = to be 9 ! "r4 ,defeat by =ce ( arms1 !re=e1 always has meant ! g5]al conviction ?r\gh\t conqu]$ nations t inju/ice has be5 done4 ,nations ,l ,individuals4 ,9 su* circum/ances nations mu/ be l individuals "u simil> conditions4 ,! individual believ+ himself to h be5 9 ! "r1 yet f9d+ himself beat5 9 8 ef=ts to ma9ta9 x1 w n accept ! situation philosophically2 he w be angry & rebelli\s2 he w nurse :at he believes to be 8 wrong4 ,to nurse a wrong1 :e!r x be real or fanci$1 is to help x gr[ 9 ! imag9ation1 & t mu/ mean at lea/ ! wi% to f9d "s future means ( right+ x1 ei!r by /rategy or increas$ /r5g?4 ,!re are two ?+s :i* humanity does n =get--"o is an injury1 &1 no matt] h[ /rongly "s may argue aga9/ ! tru? ( ?is cont5tion1 ! o!r is a k9dness4 ,9 ! long run bo? w be repaid4 ,& nations1 l individuals1 pref] ! co9 :i* pays ! latt] debt4 ,milit>y =ce nev] has accompli%$ k9dness4 ,k9dness means indu/rial armies deck$ ) ! g>l&s ( peace2 milit>y armies1 arm$ & epaulett$1 mu/ mean m9ds obsess$ ) ! _s ( rev5ge or conque/1 h&s cl5*$ to /rike1 he>ts eag] to invade4 ,e milit>y implem5t is design$ to cut or cru%1 to w\nd & kill4 ,nations at peace help "o ano!r ) humanity's normal t5d]ness ( he>t at times ( pe/il5ce1 ( fam9e1 ( disa/]4 ,nations at w> ex]t _! e ounce ( /r5g? to =ce ^u _! adv]s>ies hung]1 de/ruction1 & dea?4 ,/>vation ( ! enemy becomes a detail ( :at is consid]$ good milit>y /rategy 9 w> "t1 j z _w-embrac+ *>ity has become a *>act]i/ic ( all civilization dur+ times ( peace4 ,mu/ we n admit flotillas c>ry+ gra9 to fam9e-/rick5 peoples to be m admirable ?an fleets :i* c>ry dea? to l&s 9 :i* prosp]ity might reign if undi/urb$ by w>8 ,b d y n admit t w>s sometimes h help$ ! =ces ( civilization 9 _! conque/ aga9/ b>b>ism8 ,w> has n be5 ! *ief =ce ( civilization aga9/ b>b>ism1 ,mr4 ,c>negie repli$ ) emphasis4 ,!n he cont9u$ m ?\ghtfully3 ,t is "o way ( say+ x4 ,ano!r is1 no ef=t ( ! =ces ( civilization aga9/ b>b>ism is w> 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,su* an arm$ ef=t is a "p ( ! =ce pu%+ b>b>ism backw>d1 & !re=e1 9 ! la/ analysis1 t5ds t[>d k9dness & peace2 :ile1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we use ! ^w1 w> means ! retrogression ( civilization into b>b>ism4 ,x is usually born ( gre$--gre$ = t]ritory or = p[]4 ,su* w> z t ( :i* we all are ?9k+ 9 ^! days is w> betwe5 civiliz$ m54 ,"o civiliz$ man _c improve ano!r civiliz$ man by kill+ him1 al?\gh x is n inconceivable t a civiliz$ man may d humanity a s]vice by de/roy+ human savages1 = ) ! savages he mu/ de/roy _! savag]y4 ,b a w> 9 civiliz$ ,europe de/roys no savag]y2 x bre$s x1 s t x & its spawn may defile future g5]ations4 ,!re has be5 mu* bald]da% 9 talk ab\t unselfi% motives z ! orig9 ( w>f>e4 ,x is safe to say t #ii p] c5t ( all ! slaught] wr\ght by civilization "u ! cloak ( a desire to bett] bad conditions really has be5 evil4 ,x is impossible to conceive ( g5]al bett]m5t ?r\gh g5]al slaught]4 ,!re h be5 few altrui/ic w>s4 ,b h[ ab\t our ,spani% w>8 ,i ask$4 ,surely x 0 n gre$ :i* s5t our m5 & %ips to ,cuba4 ,no1 said ,mr4 ,c>negie1 t 0 n w>1 b _w-police "w4 ,our skirmi% ) ,spa9 0 a mo/ unusual int]national episode4 ,we h>m$ none ( ! p ( ! l& :]e9 we f\ght1 b taught !m :at we c\ld ( wise self-gov]nm5t & gave !m indep5d5ce4 ,to battle = ! lib]ation ( ! slave is wor?y "w1 & ?is ( ours 0 su* a battle4 ,our ,spani% w> 0 n ! outgr[? ( our rivalry ) any "o or any "o's ) u2 x 0 ! manife/ation ( our high s5se ( responsibility z /rong & heal?y human be+s = ! welf>e ( ! weak & oppress$4 ,t ,0 ,police ,"w4 ,x did n make t[>d milit>ism on ?is cont95t1 b ! rev]se2 9 a few mon?s x e/abli%$ p]man5t peace :]e peace _h be5 a /rang]4 ,x 0 police "w on ! highe/ plane1 sub/itut+ ord] = disord]4 ,b did x n emphasize ! ne$ = ! ma9t5ance1 ev5 "h1 ( a compet5t & effici5t naval & milit>y =ce8 ,i ask$4 ,mr4 ,c>negie %ook 8 head emphatically4 ,t is ! old1 old argum5t cropp+ up aga91 said he1 ! argum5t t a provocative is a prev5tive4 ,= u to ma9ta9 a great army = ! purpose ( prev5t+ w> !reby w\ld be z s5sible z = ea* ( u to be afraid to walk ab\t except ) a lightn+ rod d[n 8 back1 s9ce m5 h be5 /ruck by lightn+4 ,no nation wants to fight u4 ,we h fri5ds ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,millions n[ resid5t 9 milit>y nations are hop+ t "s day !y may be able to become citiz5s ( our belov$ republic1 pr9cipally because x n[ is n1 nor is x e likely to be1 milit>y4 ,humanity loves peace4 ,"h peace abides1 &1 if we foll[ reason1 w rema9 unbrok54 ,note ! advantages ( our own position4 ,imag9e :at ! task w\ld be ( l&+ sev5ty ?\s& ho/ile soldi]s on our %ores6 ,fir/ !y w\ld ne$ to cross ?ree ?\s& miles ( ! ,atlantic or five ?\s& miles ( ! ,pacific4 ,& :at if !y %\ld come8 ,my plan ( op]ation w\ld be to bid !m welcome z our visitors1 consid]+ !m z m51 n soldi]s2 to take !m to our great int]ior1 say1 z f> we/ z ,*icago1 & !re to say to !m3 ',"h we %all leave y4 ,make y\rselves at home1 if t ?\ght pleases y2 fight u if x does n4 ,if y ?9k y c conqu] u1 try x4' ,!y w\ld make !mselves at home &1 le>n+ ! advantages ( /ay+ ) u1 w\ld become applicants = our citiz5%ip1 r ?an our oppon5ts 9 w>f>e4 ,& if !y tri$ to fight u1 :at w\ld happ5 to !m8 ,our nation is unique 9 an important respect4 ,its individuals are ! be/ arm$ 9 ! _w4 ,n only1 = example1 are its f>m]s arm$1 b !y c %oot1 :i* is f> m ?an c be said ( ^? ( ,brita9 or ( any o!r nation4 ,! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,europe _c af=d to give _! citiz5ry arms1 &1 z = ! ,european citiz5ry1 x n only _c af=d to pur*ase arms1 b _c af=d ev5 to pay ! lic5se fees :i* ,gov]nm5t dem&s ( ^? possess+ arms ) ! "r to use !m4 ,b ours8 ,mo/ ,am]icans c af=d to & d own guns ) :i* to %oot1 &1 fur!rmore1 mo/ ,am]icans1 :5 !y %oot1 c hit ! ?+s at :i* !y %oot4 ,comb9e ?is p[]ful protective influ5ce ) ! fact t ?\s&s ( any army com+ to invade u w\ld n want to fight :5 once !y got "h1 b w\ld want to settle "h & enjoy peace1 & we f9d t we ?us are protect$ z no nation 9 ! _w ev] has be5 protect$ or c be4 ,imag9e ! effect ^u ! ,european fight+ man's psy*ology if he f\nd t an army transport _h convey$ him to a l& :]e "o man's privilege is e man's "r6 ,le>n+ ?is1 x is n a joke to say1 b is a /atem5t ( ! probable fact1 t ! invad+ soldi]y w\ld n want to fire its fir/ volleys1 b w\ld want to file its fir/ pap]s4 ,!y w\ld n ask = c>tridges1 b = citiz5%ip4 ,am]ica is protect$ by a =ce incomp>able1 :i* ,i may call its peaceful militia1 & ! man :o1 above all o!r m51 ,i mo/ %\ld wi% to see appo9t$ to its comm& w\ld be ,g54 ,leon>d ,wood 7 x n = ! fact t !re w\ld be "s dang] t 9 su* an ev5tuation 8 pr(essional tra9+ w\ld c>ry him beyond ! rule ( reason4 ,t is likely to be ! mo/ s]i\s tr\ble ) ! tra9$ soldi]4 ,! doctor wants to dose1 ! p>son to prea*1 & ! soldi] to fight4 ,pr(essional habit may make any ( u dang]\s4 ,b if x came to fight+ ,i d n consid] x )9 ! b\nds ( possibility t we c\ld lose4 ,i once ask$ ,g54 ,%]man h[ ! troops :i* he comm&$ dur+ ! civil w> comp>$ = effici5cy ) ,european troops4 ,8 answ] 03 ',! _w nev] has se5 ! army t ,i w\ld be afraid to tru/ my boys )1 man = man4' ,w\ld ,surprise ! ,enemy4 ,t ?\ght ( welcom+ an invad+ army appeals /rongly to me4 ,! ho/ile ,g5]al w\ld be amaz$ by ! ease ) :i* he got 8 =ces 91 b he w\ld be m />tl$ by ! difficulty he w\ld f9d if he tri$ to get !m out4 ,if !y once le>n$ ! advantages ( our lib]ties !y w\ld f9d x h>d n to get away1 b to g away4 ,i re/ra9 my temp] ) difficulty :5 ,i contemplate ! fooli%ness ( ! p :o discuss ) gravity ! possibility ( a successful invasion ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates by a =eign foe4 ,! ?\ght always arises :5 ,i he> ^! cries f our army & naval (fic]s = a great] armam5t3 ',are ^! m5 c[>ds8' ,i don't believe x4 ,x is _! pr(ession :i* makes !m al>mi/s4 ,n only are ! physical difficulties :i* w\ld hamp] an invasion practically insup]able1 b ! reception enemies w\ld get1 if any ( !m l&$1 w\ld be :olly )\t p>allel 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,if our lib]ties really 7 ?reat5$1 e man1 & v ne>ly e woman1 9 our va/ population w\ld rise to _! def5se z nev] any p yet has ris5 to any national def5se4 ,am]icans1 "y & old1 en masse1 w\ld sweep to ! protection ( :at !y "k1 & :at ! _w kn[s1 w\ld be ! cause ( "r & human lib]ty4 ,i1 myself1 %\ld wi% to be invit$ to advance & meet invad+ =ces if !y came4 ,i w\ld approa* !m )\t any weapons on my p]son4 ,i w\ld n %oot at !m4 ,i w\ld make a spee* to !m4 ',g5tlem51' ,i w\ld say1 '"h's ! *ance ( y\r life to w9 life's *ief prize4 ,n[ y are peasant soldi]s4 ,y h ! opportunity to become citiz5 k+s4 ,we are all k+s "h4 ,"h ! lea/ ( y c take a rank mu* high] ?an t ( any ,g5]al 9 y\r army4 ,he c become a sov]eign 9 a republic4' ,i ?9k !y w\ld hurrah = me1 n h>m me1 aft] !y _h he>d my spee*4 ,/riv+ = peace1 we %all become s p[]ful t if w> comes we %all be inv9cible4 ,peace1 n w>1 makes ri*es2 ! ri* nation is ! p[]ful nation4 ,p]haps ,i 0 z mu* a peace man 9 my y\? z ,i am n[1 b :5 ,i 0 ask$1 dur+ ! civil w>1 to organize a corps ( telegraph op]ators & railroad conductors & eng9e]s & take !m to ,wa%+ton1 ,i consid]$ x ! greate/ ( all privileges to obey ! ord]4 ,i 0 ! la/ man to get on ! la/ tra9 leav+ ,burkes ,/ation1 aft] ,bull ,run1 &1 n[1 if ! c\ntry ev] %\ld be invad$1 ,i w\ld be1 ,i hope1 "o ( ! fir/ to ru% to meet ! enemy--b ,i ?9k my ha/e w\ld be to conv]t1 n to kill1 him4 ,! man :o has done well 9 bus9ess1 h[ev]1 le>ns to abhor all wa/e1 & ,i mu/ admit t x does pa9 me to see hundr$s ( millions ( our doll>s sp5t on battle%ips :i* w b ru/ away1 & ?\s&s ( our able m5 vegetat+ on !m or 9 an army4 ,! m5 :o urge ?is va/ wa/e ( our money & m5 mean well1 no d\bt1 b !y d n "k ! nation ( :i* !y h ! good =tune to be citiz5s--!y d n realize h[ v pot5t a =ce we h become 9 ! wide _w1 nor ! fact t "o ( ! great reasons :y we h become a =ce lies 9 ! circum/ance t our national developm5t has n be5 hamp]$ by ! va/ exp5se ( milit>ism4 ,mr4 ,c>negie paus$4 ,"s weeks ago1 9 an int]view grant$ me = publication 9 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times1 ,dr4 ,ni*olas ,murray ,butl]1 ,presid5t ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 pr$ict$ t ! pres5t w> w\ld f9d its f9al outcome 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,europe4 ,i ask$ ,mr4 ,c>negie to express 8 view ^u ?is subject4 ,no?+ else c\ld occur :i* w\ld be ( su* imm5se advantage to ,europe1 he repli$4 ,unit$ we /&1 & divid$ !y fall4 ,if ! t]ritory n[ occupi$ by ! homog5e\s & co-op]ative f$]ation kn[n z ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 7 occupi$ in/ead by a l>ge numb] ( small1 indep5d5t competitive nations1 t is1 if ea* section ( our t]ritory :i* n[ is a ,/ate 7 an indep5d5t c\ntry1 ,am]ica w\ld be con/antly 9 turmoil4 ,europe has be5 set back a c5tury because %e sub/itut$ ! pres5t w> ( nations = ! promotion ( a f$]ation plan4 ,! latt] w\ld h meant peace & prosp]ity1 ! =m] means ru94 ,if 9 ,europe ?is ye> su* a f$]ation z ,dr4 ,butl] reg>ds z a future probability _h be5 a pres5t actuality1 #aiad w\ld h left a record v diff]5t f t :i* x is mak+4 ,= in/ance1 x w\ld h be5 z difficult = ! ,/ate ( ,g]many to fight ! ,/ate ( ,russia1 or ! ,/ate ( ,france1 or t ( ,engl&1 or all ( !m1 & to trample neutral ,belgium1 z x n[ w\ld be1 "h1 = ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania to decl>e w> on ! ,/ates ( ,new ,york & ,connecticut & to wreck ,new ,j]sey z %e s5t h] troops to ! invasion4 ,orig9ally we _h ?irte5 ,/ates1 & ?irte5 only1 b !re 0 o!r t]ritory "h1 & ! attractive =ce ( ! successful union ( ! ?irte5 ,/ates br\ght ! o!r t]ritory 9 z x 0 organiz$4 ,?us we />t$ "r4 ,europe _h begun be=e m5 _h become s wise1 &1 hav+ begun wrong1 has f\nd h]self1 ?r\gh ! c5turies1 unable to correct old errors4 ,a ,f$]ation ( ,europe4 ,c]ta9ly ,i hope t out ( ! great crime ( ?is va/ w> "s good w come4 ,! greate/ good :i* c\ld come w\ld be a g5]al ,european f$]ation4 ,i d n believe t ?is w come at once2 b ! _w w be inf9itely ! bett] if x comes at l5g?--if ! natural law ( mutual attraction = mutual advantage draws ^! nations n[ at w> into a union :i* %all make su* w>s impossible 9 future1 z w>s betwe5 our ,/ates1 "h1 are impossible4 ,b be=e ?is c come peace mu/ come1 & be=e peace c come "o or ! o!r ( ! nations n[ at w> mu/ at lea/ ask = an armi/ice4 ,if ,i 7 9 ! place ( t great ,g5]al1 ,"l ,kit*5]1 & %\ld receive ! news t su* a reque/ _h be5 made by ! comm&] ( ! oppos+ =ces1 ,i %\ld say3 ',no armi/ice6 ,surr5d]6' ,b1 !n1 if ! surr5d] %\ld be made1 ,i %\ld say1 9 effect3 ',g5tlem51 we h made up our m9ds t ^! t]rible explosions mu/ m>k ! end ( w> betwe5 our civiliz$ nations4 ,our sacrifices 9 ?is w> h be5 too great to p]mit u to be satisfi$ ) less ?an ?is4 ',if we n[ _c feel assur$ ( su* a f$]ation ( nations z w result 9 ! settlem5t ( all future disputes by peaceful arbitration at ,! ,hague1 !n we %all keep on fight+ till ! day comes :5 we c a*ieve t end4 ',^u ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic1' ,i %\ld cont9ue if ,i 7 ,"l ,kit*5] & %\ld be confront$ by su* a situation1 'we see 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica an example :i* mu/ satisfy u t _w peace n[ c be ma9ta9$4 ',!re1' ,i %\ld g on1 '?irte5 ,/ates 7 b&$ into union 9 #aggf4 ,_! total population 0 less ?an ! pres5t population ( _! l>ge/ city & _! area has spread until x l9ks two oceans & (f]s homes 9 =ty-eight ,/ates to "o hundr$ millions1 & ! population /ill increases rapidly4 ,an exp]im5t ( _w significance 0 tri$1 & is a success1 = ! aggregat$ nation has gr[n & n[ is gr[+ 9 p[] m rapidly ?an any o!r nation on ! surface ( ! e>?4' ,w\ld ,mean ,_w ,peace4 ',x is pla9 to me & %\ld be pla9 to all ( u1' ,i %\ld cont9ue1 if ,i 7 ,"l ,kit*5]1 s plac$1 't we 9 ,europe h b to foll[ ?is example :i* ,am]ica has set = u 9 ord] to a*ieve an ultimate result z notably desirable4 ,:5 we h accompli%$ x _w peace w be en?ron$ & all ! peoples ( ! e>? w be able safely to g ab\t ! pleasant & progressive bus9ess ( _! lives )\t appreh5sion ( _! neighbors4 ,humanity1 ?us fre$ ( its mo/ dreadful burd51 w be able to leap =w>d t[>d ! realization ( its ultimate possibilities ( progress4' ,& d y really ?9k !re is ! imm$iate possibility ( an effective ,european league = p]man5t peace & g5]al dis>mam5t8 ,i ask$ ,mr4 ,c>negie4 ,naturally my m9d has dwelt mu* on ?is problem1 he repli$4 ,! culm9ation ( ! ,european situation 9 ! pres5t w> is v dreadful1 b no good ev] came out ( cry+ ov] spill$ milk4 ,h[ev]1 x seems safe to conclude t a majority ( ! p ( ! civiliz$ _w w pres5tly decide t a /ep =w>d mu/ be tak54 ,ev]y:]e 9 ,europe1 :5 ! pres5t conflict ends1 ?is fact w be emphasiz$ by %ell-wreck$1 fire-black5$ build+s2 by ! vacant *airs ( sons & fa!rs :o h fall5 victims2 by innum]able graves & by a g5]al impov]i%m5t1 ! inevitable result ( w>'s great wa/e1 :i* w t\* & puni% e man1 e woman1 e *ild4 ,9 ! face ( su* an emphasis no d5ial ( ! facts w be among ! possibilities1 & ,i sc>cely ?9k t any ev5 w be attempt$4 ,if ! f$]ation ,dr4 ,butl] has pr$ict$ does n come ab\t at once1 x w be admitt$ almo/ univ]sally t future disputes occurr+ betwe5 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,europe %all be settl$1 n by =ce ( fight+ m51 b by arbitration at ,! ,hague4 ,& n[ a s]i\s "q obtrudes itself4 ,mu/ !re n be a c>efully consid]$ & cauti\sly work$ out und]/&+1 :i* may be consid]$ ! prelim9>y ( peace8 ,lat] on ! =emo/ m5 ( e nation c meet 9 conf]5ce to consid] ) an e>ne/ness hi!rto unkn[n ! great problems :i* w be involv$ 9 ! p]man5t abolition ( w> & e/abli%m5t ( peace2 b = ?is ! way mu/ be prep>$4 ,"h1 aga91 ,i ?9k ,! ,hague ,tribunal is ! prop] body to assemble = ! purpose ( devis+ means = ! accompli%m5t ( ! great end1 :i* mu/ be su* legislation z w accompli%1 at ! end ( ?is w>1 ! end+ ( all w> among ! nations4 ,an important duty ( ! conf]5ce w\ld be "s arrangem5t = a union ( ! =ces ( ! nations n[ at w>1 *>g$ ) & qualifi$ to p]=m ! duty ( ma9ta9+ peace p5d+ ! completion ( ! f9al compreh5sive plan4 ,= ,"o ,purpose ,only4 ,x is possible & ev5 probable t z a "p ( ! accompli%m5t ( ?is x may be f\nd to be desirable & ev5 necess>y to organize & provide = ! ma9t5ance ( a jo9t naval & milit>y body ( /r5g? suffici5t to en=ce _w peace dur+ ! p]iod necess>y = ! prep>ation ( a plan to be submitt$ to all p[]s4 ,b if ?is =ce is to be e/abli%$1 x mu/ be done ) ! cle> und]/&+ t x is design$ = "o ?+ only1 ! ma9t5ance ( peace1 & mu/ n be us$ at any "t = any o!r s]vice4 ,9 ! selection ( ! comm&+ (fic] to be intru/$ ) ?is task1 x w be conc$$ t ! victors 9 ?is w>1 or ^? :o h a notable advantage at ! "t ( ! beg9n+ ( ! armi/ice1 %all h ! "r ( 8 appo9tm5t4 ,no prote/ ev] w arise f ! mass ( ! p ( ,europe aga9/ ! aboli%m5t ( milit>ism4 ,ev5 ! p ( ,g]many1 z a :ole1 h n f\nd milit>ism attractive4 ,x has be5 ! influ5ce ( ! milit>y ari/ocracy ( ,g]many1 ! mo/ p[]ful ca/e 9 ! _w1 :i* n only has enc\rag$ ! national t5d5cy1 b has =c$ ! ,emp]or1 z ,i believe1 to action aga9/ 8 w & judgm5t4 ,b a *ange 0 notable 9 ,g]many be=e ! w> began1 & w be f> m notable aft] x has end$4 ,! sociali/ic movem5t waxes /rong ?r\gh\t ! nation1 & ! proce$+s ( ! ,rei*/ag %[ u t ! nation is m>*+ /eadily1 ?\gh p]haps sl[ly1 t[>d a real democracy4 ,i believe ! fir/ election to foll[ peace w result 9 a dem& by ! ,rei*/ag t x1 alone1 %all be giv5 p[] to decl>e w>4 ,x w be argu$1 & x is evid5t t x !n w be amply provable1 t x is ! p :o suff] mo/ ?r\gh w>1 & t1 !re=e1 _! repres5tatives %\ld utt]ly control x4 ,t itself w\ld be a mo/ important /ep t[>d peace1 & ,i feel c]ta9 t x is among ! probabilities4 ,z ?+s /& 9 ,g]many1 al?\gh ! ,rei*/ag has its p[]ful influ5ce 9 reg>d to w> exp5diture & might accompli% important results by refus+ to vote am\nts dem&$1 ! fact rema9s t until x has be5 giv5 ! p[] ( mak+ or )hold+ decl>ation ( w> ! mo/ important results _c be accompli%$4 ,9 ,fri$'s volume1 ,i sugge/$ to ,mr4 ,c>negie1 y are cr$it$ ) say+ t ,emp]or ,william1 himself & by himself1 might e/abli% peace4 ,grant+ t t might h be5 ! fact be=e ?is w> began1 is x y\r op9ion t he1 or any o!r "o man1 c\ld n[ control ! situation to t ext5t8 ,assum+ t ! ,g]mans %\ld come out victori\s1 ,mr4 ,c>negie repli$1 ! ,emp]or w\ld become a /rong] p[] ?an ev] t[>d ! ma9t5ance ( peace among ! nations4 ,at "o "t ,i believ$ him to be ! ano9t$ ( ,god = ?is purpose1 & did n fail to tell him s4 ,ev5 if 8 =ces %\ld be defeat$ 9 ?is pres5t c>nage1 ,i am sure he w\ld be welcom$ by ! conf]5ce ,i h sugge/$ z ! propos] ( ! great _w peace1 ?us fulfill+ ! glori\s de/9y = :i* at "o "t ,i consid]$ t he _h be5 *os5 f on high4 ,i ask$ ,mr4 ,c>negie :at "p he ?\ght ?is c\ntry1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %\ld play 9 ! great movem5t :i* he has 9 m9d & ?or\ghly believes is ev5 n[ ^u its way4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates1 he answ]$1 al?\gh1 happily1 n a p>ty to ! _w crime :i* is n[ 9 progress1 seems entitl$ to pref]5ce z ! "o to call ! nations ( ! _w to ! consid]ation ( ! greate/ ( all bless+s--univ]sal1 la/+ peace4 ,woman & ,w> ,,%ot4 ,,tell ,,8 ,,"m4 ,by ,w4,e4,p4 ,fr5*1 ,capta91 ,u4,s4 ,army4 ,:at h ,i done to y1 ,bro!rs1--,w>-,"l & ,l&-,"l & ,prie/1-- ,t my son %\ld rot on ! blood-sme>$ e>? :]e ! rav5 & buzz>d fea/8 ,he 0 my baby1 my man-*ild1 t soldi] ) %ell-torn brea/1 ,:o 0 sla9 = y\r p[] & pr(it--aye1 murd]$ at y\r behe/4 ,i bore him1 my boy & my manl+1 :ile ! long mon?s ebb$ away2 ,he 0 "p ( me1 "p ( my body1 :i* n\ri%$ him day by day4 ,he 0 m9e :5 ! bir?-pang tore me1 m9e :5 he lay on my he>t1 ,:5 ! sweet m\? mumbl$ my bosom & ! milk-tee? made x sm>t1 ,babyhood1 boyhood1 & manhood1 & a glad "m pr\d ( h] son-- ,see ! c>rion birds1 too gorg$ to fly6 ,ah6 ,bro!rs1 :at h y done8 ,y prate ( duty & honor1 ( a patriot's glori\s dea?1 ,( love ( c\ntry1 h]oic de$s--nay1 = %ame's sake1 sp>e y\r brea?6 ,pray1 :at h y done = y\r c\ntry8 ,^: 0 ! blood t 0 %$ ,9 ! helli% w>f>e t s]v$ y\r ends8 ,my boy 0 %ot 9 y\r /ead4 ,& = :at 7 our *ildr5 but*]$1 m5 mak]s ( cruel law8 ,by ! ,*ri/1 ,i am glad no woman made ! ,*ri/less code ( w>6 ,%irks & s*em]s1 :y don't y answ]8 ,is ! f\l tru? h>d to tell8 ,!n a "m w tell x = y1 ( a de$ t %ames fi5ds 9 hell3-- ,our boys 7 kill$ t "s faction or sc\ndrel might w9 mad race ,= goals ( /a9$ gold1 %am$ honors1 & ! sly self-seek]'s place2 ,t money's hold on our c\ntry might be tight5$ & made m sure2 ,t ! ri* c\ld inh]it e>?'s fullness & _! loot be q secure2 ,t ! _w-m>t be wid] op5$ to ! product mulct f toil2 ,t ! labor & l& ( our neighbors %\ld become y\r w>-won spoil2 ,t ! eyes ( an outrag$ p might be turn$ f y\r graft & gre$ ,9 ! misrul$1 plund]$ home-l& by lure ( w>'s gha/ly de$2 ,& t prie/s ( ! w>r+ nations c\ld pray to ! selfsame ,god ,= ,8 bless+ on battle & murd] & corpse-/rewn1 blood-soak$ sod4 ,oh1 fools6 if ,god 7 a woman1 ?9k y ,%e w\ld let k9 slay ,= gold-lu/ & craft ( game/]s1 or cripple t trade might pay8 ,?is qu>rel 0 n ! fight]s'3--! *eat$1 r$ pawns 9 y\r game3-- ,y /ay-at-homes g>n]$ ! plund]1 b ! pawns1--w\nds1 dea?1 & ,fame6 ,y paid !m a begg>ly pittance1 y\r sub/itute prey-(-!-sword1 ,b1 ye canny bea/s ( prey1 !y paid1 9 life & limb1 = y\r ho>d4 ,&1 behold6 y h o!r victims3 a wid[ sobs by my side1 ,:o clasps to h] brea/ a girl-*ild4 ,m51 %e 0 my sla9 son's bride6 ,i c smell ! /5* ( ! %ambles1 :]e ! mangl$ bodies lie2 ,i c he> ! moans ( ! w\nd$2 ,i c see ! brave lads die2 ,& across ! heap$1 r$ tr5*es & ! tortur$1 ble$+ r[s ,i cry out a "m's pity to all mo!rs ( de>1 dead foes4 ,9 love & a common sorr[1 ,i weep ) !m o'er our dead1 ,& invoke my si/] woman = a curse on ea* s*em+ head4 ,nay1 :y %\ld we mo!rs curse y8 ,lo6 fle% ( our fle% are ye2 ,b1 by s\l ( ,m>y :o bore ! ,*ri/-man murd]$ at ,calv>y1 ,into our own %all ! mo!rs come1 & ! glad day spe$ apace ,:5 ! law ( peace %all be ! law ( ! wom5 t be> ! race2 ,:5 a man %all /& by 8 "m1 = ! worldwide common good1 ,& n br+ h] te>s & he>t-break nor make mock ( h] mo!rhood4 ,! ,way to ,peace ,,an ,,int]view ,,) ,,jacob ,h4 ,,s*iff4 ,"o ( ! lead+ ,am]ican f9anci]s & not$ philan?ropi/2 f\nd] ( ,jewi% ,!ological ,sem9>y & ( ,semitic ,museum at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity2 a native ( ,g]many & memb] ( ! firm ( ,kuhn1 ,loeb ,co41 bank]s4 ,by ,edw>d ,m>%all4 ,am]ican z ,i am 9 e fibre1 & 9 accord z ,i feel ) e int]e/ ( ! c\ntry ( my adoption1 ,i _c f9d myself 9 agreem5t ) :at appe>s to be1 to a consid]able ext5t1 ,am]ican op9ion z to ! orig9 & responsibility = ! deplorable conflict 9 :i* almo/ all ( ,europe has become involv$4 ,= _m reasons my p]sonal sympa?ies are ) ,g]many4 ,i _c feel conv9c$ t %e has be5 ! real aggressor2 ,i believe t w> 0 =c$ ^u h]1 almo/ z if by pre>rangem5t among ! nations ) :om %e n[ cont5ds2 ,i _c b believe t !y _h become jeal\s & envi\s ( h] rapid & unprec$5t$ peaceful developm5t & _h conclud$ t ! mom5t _h arriv$ :5 all 0 favorable = a union aga9/ h]4 ,al?\gh ,i left ,g]many half a c5tury ago1 ,i w\ld ?9k z little ( array+ myself aga9/ h]1 ! c\ntry ( my bir?1 9 ?is ! mom5t ( h] /ruggle = exi/5ce1 z ( array+ myself aga9/ my p>5ts4 ,b :ile ,i /eadfa/ly believe ?is w> to h be5 =c$ ^u ,g]many aga9/ h] w1 ,i also believe t circum/ances :i* 7 /rong] ?an ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,engl& & ,france1 h] pres5t enemies1 7 necess>y to ov]come an equally def9ite reluctance ^u _! "p4 ,9 o!r words1 ,i _c :olly blame ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t1 or ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 any m ?an ,i c :olly blame ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t4 ,let u see h[ ! great trag$y came ab\t4 ,x is safe to pass rapidly ov] ! ,s]vian-,bosnian-,h]zegov9ian-,au/ro-,hu ng>ian complication :i* s]v$ z ! imm$iate precipitant ( ho/ilities4 ,x has be5 detail$ repeat$ly 9 ,,! ,,times & o!r ,am]ican publications4 ,x _h rea*$ a po9t at :i* ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,gov]nm5t felt compell$ to take extreme measures by means ( :i* to safegu>d ! integrity ( ! empire4 ,! firm b fatal ultimatum to ,s]via foll[$1 ! reply to :i*1 suffice x to say1 0 unsatisfactory to ,au/ria1 :o c\ld n accept ! sugge/ion ( an inve/igation into ! circum/ances att5d+ ! assass9ation ( ! ,ar*duke ,f]d9& ?r\gh a commission or c\rt on :i* %e 0 n repres5t$4 ,l ,ma9e ,case4 ,! situation really 0 analog\s to t :i* exi/$ betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,spa9 :5 ! ,ma9e 0 bl[n up 9 ,havana ,h>bor4 ,9 ord] to fix ! responsibility = ?is da/>dly affair we !n simil>ly dem&$ an inve/igation by ,spa91 to be c>ri$ out ) ! assi/ance ( repres5tatives ( ?is ,gov]nm5t4 ,spa91 too1 !n (f]$ to conduct an inve/igation1 b %e p]emptorily decl9$ to all[ u to take "p 9 x4 ,?is attitude on h] "p quickly br\ght ab\t our decl>ation ( w> aga9/ h]4 ,x is important t ,am]icans %\ld realize ! simil>ity 9 ! two situations & ! lik5ess ( ! ,au/rian action ( #aiad to t :i* our own ,gov]nm5t took 9 #ahih4 ,z soon z ,au/ria _h reject$ z unsatisfactory ,s]via's reply to h] ultimatum %e prep>$ to und]take a punitive arm$ exp$ition aga9/ ,s]via1 & ,russia at once decl>$ t %e w\ld rank h]self z ,s]via's protector4 ,inde$1 )\t any fur!r p>ley1 & to give effect to ?is ?reat1 ,russia imm$iately mobiliz$ h] army4 ,s9ce !n x has be5 av]r$ t ?is mobilization _h be5 9 progress = sev]al weeks previ\s to ,s]via's rejection ( ! ,au/rian ultimatum4 ,?is made x obligatory ^u ,g]many to g to ,au/ria's aid1 "u ! provisions ( _! treaty ( alliance1 al?\gh %e 0 well aw>e t su* an action w\ld br+ ,france into ! conflict "u ! t]ms ( h] alliance ) ,russia4 ,inde$1 an unsatisfactory reply _h be5 receiv$ f ,france z to ! latt]'s int5tions1 b ,g]many endeavor$ to secure at lea/ an assurance ( ,engl&'s neutrality4 ,?is prov$ to be impossible4 ,h[ ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t c\ld indulge = a mom5t 9 ! hope t 9 a w> ) ,russia & ,france on ! "o side & ,g]many & ,au/ria on ! o!r1 ,engl& c\ld be induc$ to rema9 neutral passes compreh5sion1 b t x did believe ?is seems a c]ta9ty4 ,! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t1 no d\bt1 correctly felt t )\t ! aid ( its imm5se res\rces1 & p>ticul>ly )\t ! op]ations ( its great navy aga9/ ,g]many & ,au/ria1 ! latt] nations w\ld f9d x n s v difficult a task to dispose ( bo? ,russia & ,france4 ,engli% /atesm5 v promptly mu/ h become alive to ! probability t a ,g]many :i* _h subdu$ ,russia & ,france1 & ?us _h made itself ma/] ( ! ,cont95t1 w\ld be unlikely long to tol]ate a cont9uance ( ,engl&'s _w lead]%ip4 ,s1 ev5 if ! neutrality ( ,belgium _h n be5 violat$1 o!r reasons w\ld h be5 f\nd by ,engl& = jo9+ ,france & ,russia 9 ! w> aga9/ ,g]many1 = ,engl& w\ld n risk1 )\t any ef=t to protect !m1 ! loss ( h] cont9u$ dom9ation ( ! high seas & h] undisput$ possession ( h] va/ colonial empire4 ,g]many ,fight+ = ,life4 ,i am n def5d+ ! violation ( ,belgian neutrality4 ,?is1 und5iably1 0 a mo/ unju/ifiable action1 9 spite ( ,g]man claims t %e 0 =c$ into x by ! necessities ( ! situation4 ,b ,i am expla9+ t1 ev5 _h x n occurr$1 /ill ,engl& w\ld h gone to w>4 ,t 0 ! situation4 ,g]many is n[ fight+ = h] v exi/5ce1 & ,i1 :o am n )\t k ( ,g]man conditions1 am conv9c$ t nev] has !re be5 a w> m :olly t ( a :ole p ?an is ?is pres5t conflict1 z f> z ,g]many is conc]n$4 ,any "o :o has be5 9 ev5 sup]ficial t\* ) ,g]man public op9ion & individual feel+ 9 any "p ( ! empire1 s9ce ! w> began1 mu/ "k t !re is h>dly a man1 woman1 or *ild ?r\gh\t ! empire :o w\ld hesitate if call$ ^u to sacrifice possessions or life 9 ord] to insure victory to ! ,fa!rl&4 ,sev5ty million p :o are animat$ by unanim\s s5tim5t ( ?is sort _c be cru%$1 probably n subdu$4 ,& ,engl& is confront$ by ! c]ta9ty t h] _w lead]%ip is ! /ake = :i* %e is fight+2 t h] defeat w\ld mean ! end ( ! va/ dom9ance :i* %e has ex]cis$ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 s9ce ! "t ( ! ,armada1 ?r\gh ! p[] ( h] great navy4 ,is x n app>5t1 !re=e1 t ^! nations1 if left to !mselves1 inevitably mu/ cont9ue ! w> until "o side or ! o!r1 or bo?1 %all become exhau/$--an ev5tuation :i* may be po/pon$ n = m]e mon?s b = ye>s8 ,9 our own civil w> ,grant = almo/ two ye>s /ood )9 a hundr$ or a hundr$ & fifty miles ( ,ri*mond1 ! he>t ( ! ,conf$]acy1 & 0 n able to suffici5tly subdue ,lee's =ces to enable him to get possession ( ! city until ! complete exhau/ion ( ! ,conf$]acy's res\rces 9 m5 & money _h be5 accompli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,visc\nt ,,james ,,bryce 7,photo f ,george ,g4 ,ba947 ,see ,page #dgg ,illu/ration3 ,,dr4 ,,b]nh>d ,,d]nburg 7,photo by ,campbell ,/udios47 ,see ,page #dhg ,illu/ration3 ,,david ,,/>r ,,jordan ,see ,page #ejb ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,gri] ,,hibb5 7,photo by ,mc,manus47 ,see ,page #ejc ,:ile t situation may n (f] a true p>allel 9 all respects to t 9 :i* we f9d ! bellig]5t =ces 9 ! pres5t ,european w>1 x nev]!less may be tak5 z a prec$5t prov+ t frontal enc\nt]s ( p[]ful oppon5ts g5]ally d n yield f9al results until actual exhau/ion compels "o side or ! o!r to ab&on hope4 ,su* an exhau/ion h>dly c be expect$ )9 measurable "t on ! "p ( ei!r "o or ! o!r ( ! combatants 9 ! exi/+ ,european conflict1 & ?is means ! probable cont9uation = a long p]iod ( ! m]ciless slaught] :i* has m>k$ ! la/ few mon?s4 ,we hold up our h&s 9 horror at ! /ories ( human sacrifices 9 ! e>ly ages :51 aft] all1 ^! 71 p]haps1 less brutal & less appall+ ?an ! :olesale slaught] ( ! fl[] ( ^! w>r+ peoples ( :i* we n[ read almo/ daily4 ,z ,i see ! situation !re really are only ?ree conte/ants 9 ! w>--,engl&1 ,russia1 & ,g]many4 ,france1 ,belgium1 & ,au/ria are important auxili>ies1 b !y are play+ to a c]ta9 ext5t second>y rles4 ,engl&'s real object is ! utt] defeat ( ,g]many--no?+ m nor less ?an t--& if ?is is accompli%$ ,engl& w h control ( ,europe4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t & ,engli% p frequ5tly h ass]t$ t !y w\ld n be satisfi$ ) m]e defeat ( ,g]many's arm$ =ces1 b t h] p[] mu/ be p]man5tly p>alyz$4 ,if ,engl& %\ld accompli% ?is1 ) ,g]many1 its army & its navy1 ?us :olly out ( ! way1 no "o w\ld be left = ,engl& to fe> 9 future ^u ! high seas4 ,t might be ! *ief significance ( ,engl&'s complete victory1 & its complete significance w\ld be t e nation 9 ! _w w\ld h to d ! ,briti% bidd+1 = %\ld any "o refuse %e c\ld completely de/roy its comm]ce & %ut (f its ov]seas supplies4 ,9 ! cases ( mo/ nations ov]seas supplies include mat]ial vital to ! cont9uance ( life & happ9ess2 to e nation1 9 ^! days ( a develop$ & habitual =eign trade1 ov]seas supplies are actually ess5tial1 ev5 :5 !y d n necess>ily include meats & :eat & o!r food/uffs4 ,! effect ^u ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( su* an ,engli% victory w\ld be mo/ disa/r\s4 ,! alliance betwe5 ,engl& & ,japan is likely to be p]man5t4 ,t is some?+ :i* ,am]icans _c af=d to =get = a mom5t4 ,engl& ne$s ,japan 9 ! ,f> ,ea/1 especially z an ally 9 case ( ne$1 :i* at "s "t is c]ta9 to arrive1 aga9/ ,russia2 & ,japan = _m reasons ne$s ! /r5g? ( ,engli% back+1 )\t :i* h] f9ancial & political situation soon w\ld become mo/ dang]\s1 if n collapse4 ,su* a p]man5t alliance w\ld h ?is consequ5ce ^u u1 t )\t ev5 ! probability ( difficulties ) ei!r ,engl& or ,japan--&1 p]sonally1 ,i d n believe t su* a probability ne$ be fe>$--we nev]!less ye> aft] ye> w\ld be compell$ to increas+ly prep>e = :at may be def9$ z ! disagreeable possibility ( ! ev5tuation ( a disagreeable possibility4 ,c]ta9ly we %\ld be "u ! necessity ( notably &1 !re=e1 v exp5sively1 increas+ our naval armam5t2 we %\ld be "u ! necessity ( l>ge exp5ditures = coa/ def5se4 ,coroll>y milit>y co/ w\ld be enorm\s & burd5some4 ,! prep>ation :i* w\ld be impos$ on u z a necessity by su* a p]man5t alliance w\ld be suffici5tly ext5sive & exp5sive to burd5 our p heavily & h&icap our national progress4 ,x might involve1 p]haps1 ev5 a great] h>d%ip 9 our case ?an milit>ism has involv$ 9 ,g]many4 ,x is improbable t ! av]age ,am]ican realizes ! "p :i* abs5ce ( su* burd5s has play$ 9 our national developm5t s f>2 x w\ld be difficult = ! av]age ,am]ican :o has n /udi$ ! :ole subject c>efully to e/imate accurately ! "p :i* ! imposition ( su* a burd5 w\ld be sure to play 9 our future4 ,we h be5 measurably a free p4 ,if we 7 "u ! necessity ( support+ va/ milit>y & naval e/abli%m5ts we %\ld be t no long]1 no matt] h[ completely we adh]$ to our democratic political sy/em & ideals4 ,x is n ,k+s1 b :at !y d1 :i* burd5s c\ntries1 & ! mo/ burd5some1 act ( any ,k+ is to load 8 c\ntry up ) non-productive1 ?reat5+1 & exp5sive w> ma*9]y4 ,! ,real ,p]il4 ,i fe> t ! ,am]ican p z a :ole h visualiz$ only slightly1 if at all1 ! real p]il involv$ 9 ?is cont+5cy2 b ,i _c feel o!rwise ?an sure t soon !y mu/ awake to ! great dang] t milit>ism & navalism may be impos$ ^u !m ?r\gh no fault ( _! own4 ,am]ican impulses tr5d away f armam5t t[>d peaceful developm5t along indu/rial l9es1 b ev5 n[ political lead]s 9 ,wa%+ton beg9 to see :at may be com+4 ,! propositions :i* already h be5 made = consid]able increases 9 our naval & milit>y =ces may be reg>d$ z only ! =]unn]s ( :at is to be expect$ lat]4 ,my sympa?ies & int]e/s1 9 o!r words my patriotic s5tim5ts1 are def9itely ,am]ican4 ,i mu/ repeat t ,i am ( ,g]man orig91 & t z reg>ds ! pres5t /ruggle ,i am pro-,g]man1 yet x w\ld be impossible = me to say t ,i am anti-,engli%1 al?\gh ,i am anti-,russian = reasons t are obvi\s4 ,i already h express$ ! belief t ! complete humiliation ( ,engl& w\ld be disa/r\s to u4 ,n[1 x seems to me t if ,g]many %\ld be completely successful1 if %e %\ld be able to we> out ! ,allies1 break d[n ,france1 hold ,russia 9 *eck1 & cripple or ev5 invade ,engl&1 7:i* _m ,g]man lead]s actually believe c be done1 incr$ible z x may seem to u17 ,g]many w\ld acquire a position su* z nev] has be5 held by any nation s9ce ! beg9n+ ( hi/ory4 ,n ev5 ! p[] ( ! ,roman ,empire w\ld approa* x4 ,! advance :i* has m>k$ ! developm5t ( e means ( communication1 transportation1 manufactur+1 c41 s9ce ,rome's day w\ld give ,g]many1 9 ! case ( su* an ev5tuation1 a p[] :i* w\ld h be5 inconceivable to ! mo/ ambiti\s ,roman ,emp]or4 ,x w\ld make h] a m5ace n only to h] imm$iate neighbors1 b to ! entire globe4 ,c\ld %e be tru/$ ) su* p[]8 ,not)/&+ my p]sonal sympa?ies1 :i* ,i h tak5 pa9s to cle>ly outl9e1 ,i mu/ admit t ,i _c ?9k s4 ,! ,g]man "* is n only self-reliant1 :i* is admirable1 b x readily becomes dom9e]+1 p>ticul>ly :5 9 ! asc5d5cy4 ,9 ! rle ( a _w conqu]or ,g]many w\ld become a _w dictator--w\ld indulge 9 a dom9ation :i* w\ld be almo/ unbe>able to e o!r nation4 ,p>ticul>ly w\ld ?is be ! case 9 respect to h] relations ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a nation ) :i* %e always has _h & always mu/ h intimate trade & comm]cial relations4 ,%\ld ,g]many make ,engl& impot5t & ,france p[]less we %\ld become m or less dep5d5t ^u ,g]man good-w1 & x is highly probable1 inde$ ,i reg>d x z a c]ta9ty1 t be=e long1 9 su* an ev5t1 ! ,monroe ,doctr9e w\ld cease to ex]cise any important influ5ce on _w ev5ts4 ,x w\ld become a ?+ ( ! pa/--a scrap ( pap]4 ,y see t :ile ,i am n neutral to ! extreme1 :ile ,i f]v5tly hope & pray t ,g]many may n be wreck$ & t %e may em]ge f ! w> ) full ability to ma9ta9 h] own1 ,i _c believe t x w\ld be good = h] or good = ! _w 9 g5]al if %e f\nd h]self absolutely & incontrov]tibly victori\s at ! end ( ! great /ruggle4 ,9 o!r words1 ,i wi% ,g]many to be victori\s1 b ,i d n wi% h] to be too victori\s4 ,?is br+s u def9itely to ! "q z to :at c be done to /op ?is w>4 ,its cont9uance is inf9itely co/ly ( m5 & treasure2 its prosecution to ! bitt] end w\ld mean complete disa/] = "o conte/ant & only less complete de/ruction = ! o!r1 & x w\ld give to ! victor1 no matt] :at 8 suff]+s & losses might h be51 a p[] dang]\s to ! entire _w4 ,h[ %all x end8 ,we d n want its end to mean a new ,european map4 ,any?+ ( ! sort w\ld include ! se$ ( ano!r ,european w>1 to be f\ght out lat] & at ev5 great] probable co/1 ) all ! _w-di/urbance impli$ 9 su* an ev5tuation4 ,:at ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld desire & does desire is an und]/&+ betwe5 ^! nations1 ( j :at !y are fight+ =1 :i* ,i almo/ believe !y no long] "k !mselves1 & a conf]5ce betwe5 !m n[1 a pause to ?9k1 :i* at lea/ may help t[>d /imulat+ ea* side to make concessions1 be=e ! ultimate ( damage has be5 done4 ,su* a conf]5ce might be call$ ev5 )\t any int]val 9 w>f>e & induc$ )\t def9ite outside int]v5tion f ourselves or any "o else4 ,i believe x n to be beyond ! b\nds ( possibility t if ?is c\rse c\ld be br\ght ab\t importantly en\gh1 a way out ( ?is brutal /ruggle & c>nage might be discov]$ ev5 n[1 & ,i "k ,i am n alone 9 ?is belief4 ,! situation is unprec$5t$4 ,no congress su* z 9 =m] times m ?an once has settl$ w>s & br\ght ab\t peace by ! give-&-take process c\ld be ( avail 9 ! exi/+ circum/ances4 ,some?+ f> high] ?an su* a conf]5ce is ne$$4 ,?is peace mu/ n be tempor>y4 ,x mu/ m>k n ! end+ ( ?is w> alone b ! end+ ( all w>4 ,"s means mu/ be devis$ & g5]ally agre$ to :i*1 aft] ! re-e/abli%m5t ( peace1 w d away ) jeal\sies among ,european nations1 s t ! cont9ual increase ( armam5t on l& & sea no long] w be necess>y1 & humanity w be fre$ f its trem5d\s burd54 ,x is n at pres5t possible to po9t out any concrete means by :i* ^! ?+s may be accompli%$1 b x is n impossible t1 :5 reason %all be return$ to ! ,gov]nm5ts n[ at w>1 !y !mselves may sugge/ to "o ano!r plans & ways & means h[ ?is may be effectuat$4 ,t[>d ?is end ,am]ica may help trem5d\sly1 & h]e9 lies1 x seems to me1 ! greate/ opportunity ev] (f]$ by ev5ts to ! ,am]ican press4 ,let ! newspap]s ( ,am]ica /op futile philosophiz+ ^u ! m]its & dem]its ( ea* case1 let !m measurably cease _! comm5t ^u :at ea* side has accompli%$ or fail$ to accompli% dur+ ! tragic f\r mon?s :i* h trac$ _! bloody m>k on hi/ory4 ,let !m beg9 to /imulate public op9ion 9 favor ( a rational adju/m5t ( ! po9ts at issue--su* an adju/m5t z w leave ea* conte/ant unhumiliat$ & intact1 su* an adju/m5t z w avoid1 z f> z may be possible1 ! complete defeat ( any "o1 su* an adju/m5t z w d :at c be done t[>d right+ wrongs already wr\ght1 & su* an adju/m5t z w let ! _w return z soon z may be to ! pa?s ( peace1 productiv5ess1 prosp]ity1 & happ9ess4 ,9 sugge/+ t ,am]ica %\ld reg>d ?is ef=t z an obligation ,i am assum+ = ?is c\ntry no rights :i* are n prop]ly h]s4 ,we1 a nation ( a hundr$ million p1 labor+ con/antly = peace & human progress1 h a "r to make our voice he>d1 & if we raise x prop]ly x w f9d li/5]s among ^? :o c help t[>d ! accompli%m5t ( :at we seek4 ,b if we w\ld make x he>d we mu/ be e>ne/1 be hone/1 & be ceaseless 9 ! reit]ation ( our dem&4 ,h we n ! "r to insi/ t ! int]e/s ( neutral nations1 ( :om1 ) our ,s\? ,am]ican c\s9s1 7= ! bett] int]c\rse ) :om we h j sp5t sev]al hundr$ millions ^u ! con/ruction ( ! ,panama ,canal17 we =m s l>ge a p]c5tage1 %all be=e long be giv5 "s consid]ation by ! nations ^: great qu>rel is h>m+ u incalculably8 ,am]icans ,%\ld ,speak ,out4 ,! int]ruption ( our economic developm5t already has become m>k$ & ! w>'s baneful influ5ce ^u moral conditions 9 our mid/ %[s itself ?r\gh con/antly increas+ unemploym5t &1 z a logical consequ5ce ( t1 ! rapid fill+ ( our eleemosyn>y & p5al in/itutions4 ,may we n reasonably dem& t ?is %all spe$ily be br\ght to an end8 ,x probably is true t "u ! rules ( ! game ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _c (f] 8 good (fices aga9 to ! bellig]5ts )\t fir/ be+ invit$ by "o or ! o!r side to d ?is1 b ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h a voice ev5 m p[]ful ?an 82 if t ( ! p ( ,s\? ,am]ica %\ld be jo9$ ) x1 & if ! comb9$ s\nd %\ld be made unque/ionably app>5t to ! w>r+ nations1 x c\ld n pass unhe$$4 ,public op9ion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld firmly seek to impress ^u ! w>r+ nations ! conviction t no?+ c secure a la/+ peace except assurance ( conditions "u :i* n mighty armies & trem5d\s navies are held to be ! factors ?r\gh :i* trade expansion & ! conque/ ( ! m>kets ( ! _w are to be obta9$1 b t ?is c be accompli%$ bett] & m la/+ly ?r\gh rigid adh]5ce to ! qualities & me?ods :i* g5]ally make = success 9 comm]cial or any o!r peaceful competition--fairness1 ?or\gh effici5cy1 & h>d "w4 ,! conc5trat$ p[] ( ! ,am]ican press & p w\ld be trem5d\s4 ,i am sure t1 9 ?is in/ance1 x is possible to conc5trate x = righte\sness & ! future good ( all humanity4 ,pr(4 ,ma!r on ,mr4 ,s*iff ,pr(essor ( ,art at ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity2 editorial writ] = ,! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/ & ,assi/ant ,editor ( ,! ,nation1 #aija-jf4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,x seems to me t ! ,belgian previ\s "q ought to be mov$ ) all c&id pro-,g]mans4 ,mr4 ,s*iff is pla9ly c&id1 s ,i h fram$ an op5 lett] to elicit 8 op9ion3 ,an ,op5 ,lett] to ,jacob ,h4 ,s*iff4 ,mr4 ,jacob ,h4 ,s*iff1 ,new ,york4 ,my ,de> ,sir3 ,! univ]sal e/eem :i* y enjoy 9 ! c\ntry ( y\r adoption l5ds great weight to any utt]ance ( y\rs on public matt]s4 ,y\r int]view on ! w> 9 ,,! ,,times ( ,nov4 #bb w ev]y:]e h influ5ce = its gravity & f95ess ( feel+4 ,x is ) compunction t ,i call y\r att5tion to ! fact t y\r /atem5t is ambigu\s on precisely ^? issues ( ! conflict :i* y\r fell[-citiz5s h ne>e/ at he>t4 ,y\r g5]al position may be describ$ z a desire = prompt peace & re/oration ( ! =m] balance ( p[]4 ,m specifically y wi% ,g]many to be victori\s1 b n too victori\s4 ,if ?is be m]ely an in/9ctive expression ( ! residual ,g]man 9 y1 an expression made ) no practical implications ( any sort1 no ,am]ican w d o!rwise ?an respect su* a s5tim5t4 ,b if y delib]ately desire a mod]ate victory = ,g]many1 ) all t su* mod]ate victory practically implies1 x behooves y\r fell[-citiz5s to judge y\r views 9 ! light ( :at ^! really call =4 ,an ev] s slightly victori\s ,g]many w\ld presumably reta9 ,belgium1 9 :ole or 9 "p4 ,does su* a conque/ h y\r moral ass5t8 ,or suppose ! r improbable ev5t ( a ,g]many driv5 out ( ,belgium1 b o!rwise slightly victori\s4 ,9 su* case n a pf5nig ( indemnity w\ld come to ,belgium4 ,d y believe t no indemnity is morally due ,belgium8 ,kn[+ y\r reputation z a man & philan?ropi/1 ,i c h>dly believe t y\r desire = a n too victori\s ,g]many includes its logical implication ( a subjugat$ or uncomp5sat$ ,belgium4 ,b if ?is be s1 c&or expects an av[al4 ,until y h made y\rself cle> on ! issue t mo/ conc]ns y\r fell[-citiz5s !y w rema9 9 d\bt z to y\r :ole moral attitude on ! w>4 ,does y\r pacificism contemplate a ,g]man ,belgium8 ,i feel sure y w admit t no fair] "q c\ld be set to any "o :o comm5ts on ! sequels ( ! w>4 ,i am1 mo/ respectfully y\rs1 ,,frank ,,jewett ,,ma!r1 ,jr4 ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity1 ,oct4 #bc1 #aiad4 ,! ,eliot-,s*iff ,lett]s ,on ,nov4 #bb ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times pr9t$ ?is int]view ) ,jacob ,h4 ,s*iff on ! ,european w> reproduc$ above4 ,two days lat] ,dr4 ,*>les ,w4 ,eliot1 ,presid5t ,em]itus ( ,h>v>d1 :o is an old fri5d ( ,mr4 ,s*iff1 wrote him a lett] ( comm5t on ,,! ,,times int]view4 ,?is lett] result$ 9 consid]able correspond5ce betwe5 ! two4 ,at ! "t ?is correspond5ce 0 p5n$ !re 0 n ! lea/ ?\ght 9 ! m9d ( ei!r ( ! writ]s ( giv+ ! lett]s to ! public4 ,x 0 simply an int]*ange ( ideas betwe5 m5 :o _h long kn[n ea* o!r4 ,:5 !y 7 conv9c$1 h[ev]1 t publication might s]ve a useful purpose 9 %ap+ public op9ion1 bo? ,mr4 ,s*iff & ,dr4 ,eliot cordially ass5t$ to _! be+ pr9t$4 ,dr4 ,eliot to ,mr4 ,s*iff4 ,,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,nov4 #bd1 #aiad4 ,de> ,mr4 ,s*iff3 ,x 0 a great relief to me to read j n[ y\r int]view 9 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times ( ,nov4 #bb1 = ,i h be5 afraid t y\r judgm5t & m9e1 conc]n+ ! desirable outcome ( ?is horrible w>1 7 v diff]5t4 ,i n[ f9d t at _m po9ts !y co9cide4 ,"o ( my /ronge/ hopes is t "o result ( ! w> may be ! acceptance by ! lead+ nations ( ! _w ( ! precept or law--!re %all be no _w empire = any s+le nation4 ,if ,i und]/& y correctly1 y hold ! same op9ion4 ,y wi% nei!r ,g]many nor ,engl& to possess _w empire4 ,y also look =w>d1 z ,i d1 to "s contract or agreem5t among ! lead+ nations :i* %all prev5t competitive armam5ts4 ,i entirely agree ) y t x is 9 ! highe/ degree undesirable t ?is w> %\ld be prolong$ to ! exhau/ion ( ei!r side4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ,i come to y\r discussion ( ! means by :i* a good result t[>d ,european ord] & peace may be br\ght out ( ! pres5t convulsion ,i d n f9d cle> guidance to pres5t action on y\r "p or m9e1 or on ! "p ( our ,gov]nm5t & p4 ,0 x y\r ?\ght t a congress ( ! peoples ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica %\ld n[ be conv5$ to br+ to be> ,am]ican op9ion on ! actual combatants :ile ! w> is go+ on8 ,or is x y\r ?\ght t ! ,am]ican nations wait until !re is a lull or pause 9 ! indecisive fight+8 ,s f> z ,i c judge f ! v imp]fect in=mation :i* rea*es u f ,g]many1 ! confid5ce ( ! ,g]man ,emp]or & p 9 _! inv9cible army is n mu* abat$1 al?\gh x cle>ly ought to be4 ,x is obvi\s t ,am]ican op9ion has "s weight 9 ,g]many2 b has x n en\gh weight to induce ,g]many to ab&on h] int5se desire = ,belgium & ,holl& & ext5sive colonial possessions8 ,to my ?9k+1 )\t ! ab&onm5t ( t desire & ambition on ! "p ( ,g]many1 !re c be no la/+ peace 9 ,europe & no r$uction ( armam5ts4 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,eliot4 ,jacob ,h4 ,s*iff1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,s*iff to ,dr4 ,eliot4 ,,new ,,york1 ,nov4 #be1 #aiad4 ,my ,de> ,dr4 ,eliot3 ,i am j 9 receipt ( y\r ?\ghtful lett] ( ye/]day1 :i* x has giv5 me g5u9e pleasure to receive4 ,:ile x is true t ,i h n f\nd myself 9 accord ) _m ( ! views to :i* y h giv5 public expression conc]n+ ! responsibility = ?is deplorable conflict & ! un=tunate conditions x has creat$1 ,i nev] d\bt$ t z to its desirable outcome we w\ld f9d ourselves 9 accord1 & ,i am v glad to h ?is confirm$ by y1 ?\gh z to ?is our views c\ld n h div]g$4 ,z to ! means by :i* a desirable result t[>d ,european ord] & peace may be br\ght ab\t out ( ! *aos :i* has become creat$1 x is1 ,i confess1 difficult to give guidance at pres5t4 ,:at ne$s fir/1 9 my op9ion1 to be done is to br+ =? a heal?y & insi/5t public op9ion "h = an e>ly peace )\t ei!r side becom+ fir/ exhau/$1 & x 0 my purpose 9 ! int]view ,i h giv5 to set ! ,am]ican p ?9k+ conc]n+ ?is4 ,i h no idea t ,i %all h imm$iate success2 b if m5 l y & o!rs foll[ 9 ! same l9e1 ,i am sure ,am]ican public op9ion c be=e long be made to express itself emphatically & insi/5tly 9 favor ( an e>ly peace4 ,)\t ?is x is n unlikely t ?is horrible slaught] & de/ruction may cont9ue = a v1 v long "t4 ,y\rs mo/ fai?fully1 ,,jacob ,h4 ,,s*iff4 ,presid5t ,em]itus ,*>les ,w4 ,eliot1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,dr4 ,eliot to ,mr4 ,s*iff4 ,,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,nov4 #bh1 #aiad4 ,de> ,mr4 ,s*iff3 ,i ?9k1 j z y d1 t ! ?+ :i* mo/ ne$s to be done is to induce ,g]many to modify its pres5t op9ion t ! nation mu/ fight = its v life to its la/ m>k & ! la/ drop ( its blood4 ,n[1 e private lett] t ,i h receiv$ f ,g]many1 & e pr9t$ circul>1 pamphlet1 or book on ! w> :i* has come to me f ,g]man s\rces insi/s on ! view t1 = ,g]many1 x is a "q betwe5 _w empire or utt] d[nfall4 ,!re is no s5se or reason 9 ?is view1 b ! ,g]man philosoph]s1 hi/orians1 & /atesm5 are all ma9ta9+ x at ?is mom5t4 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,russia h no su* expectations or desires z reg>ds ! fate ( ,g]many4 ,:at !y propose to d is to put a /op to ,g]many's plan ( atta9+ _w empire by milit>ism4 ,h y any means ( gett+ into ! m9ds ( "s ( ! pres5t rul]s ( ,g]many ! idea t no su* alt]native z life or dea? is pres5t$ to ,g]many 9 ?is w>1 & t ! p ne$ only ab&on _! _w-empire ambitions :ile secur+ safety 9 ! he>t ( ,europe & a *ance to develop all t is good 9 ,g]man civilization8 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,eliot4 ,jacob ,h4 ,s*iff1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,s*iff to ,dr4 ,eliot4 ,! ,gre5bri]1 ,,:ite ,,sulphur ,,spr+s1 ,w4 ,va41 ,dec4 #a1 #aiad4 ,de> ,dr4 ,eliot3 ,i h receiv$ today y\r lett] ( ! #bh? ult41 & ,i ha/5 to reply to x1 = ,i "k ( n\ght t is ( m importance ?an ! discussion betwe5 e>ne/ m5 ( :at might be done to br+ to cessation ?is horrible & s5seless w>4 ,i believe y are mi/ak5--?\gh 9 ?is ,i am /at+ no?+1 absolutely1 b my p]sonal op9ion--t ,g]many w\ld n li/5 to ! sugge/ion = a re/oration ( peace until x has ei!r come into a position to dictate ! t]ms or until x is utt]ly cru%$4 ,inde$1 ,i r feel1 & ,i h indications t su* is ! case1 t ,engl& is unwill+ to /op %ort ( cru%+ ,g]many1 & x is n[ us+ all ! influ5ce x c br+ to be> 9 ?is c\ntry to prev5t public op9ion be+ ar\s$ 9 favor ( ! /oppage ( ho/ilities & re-e/abli%m5t ( peace4 ,! same mail :i* br\ght y\r lett] ?is morn+ br\ght me also a lett] f a lead+ semi-milit>y man1 :om ,i "k by "n1 b n p]sonally4 ,x is s f9e & timely t ,i v5ture to inclose a copy = y\r p]usal4 ,:y w\ld n y1 & p]haps ,dr4 ,&rew ,d4 ,:ite1 :o--is x n a co9cid5ce--has likewise writt5 me today on ! subject ( my rec5t ,,times int]view1 be ! v m5 to c>ry out ! sugge/ion made by my correspond5t8 ,p]haps no o!r two m5 9 ! entire c\ntry are s greatly look$ up to by its p = guidance z y--9 ! fir/ in/ance--& ,dr4 ,:ite4 ,y c\ld surely be/[ no great] gift ^u ! entire civiliz$ _w ?an if n[1 9 ! ev5+ ( a life :i* has be5 ( su* great value to mank9d1 y w\ld call ar\nd y a numb] ( lead+1 e>ne/ ,am]icans ) ! view ( discuss+ & fram+ plans ?r\gh :i* ,am]ican public op9ion c\ld be cry/alliz$ & ar\s$ to ! po9t :]e x w insi/5tly dem& t ^! w>r+ nations come toge!r &1 ) ! exp]i5ce !y h made to _! great co/1 make at lea/ an attempt to f9d a way out4 ,i _c b believe t ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,g]many--if n ,russia--w h to li/51 if ! ,am]ican p speak ) no unc]ta9 voice4 ,d x1 & y w des]ve & receive ! bless+ ( ?is & ( com+ g5]ations6 ,y\rs mo/ fai?fully1 ,,jacob ,h4 ,,s*iff4 ,dr4 ,eliot to ,mr4 ,s*iff4 ,,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,dec4 #h1 #aiad4 ,de> ,mr4 ,s*iff3 ,i ?ank y = y\r lett] ( ,dec4 #a & its int]e/+ inclosure4 ,al?\gh e ?\ghtful p]son mu/ e>ne/ly desire t ! wa/e & de/ruction ( ?is greate/ ( w>s %\ld be /opp$ z soon z possible1 !re is an ov]p[]+ feel+ t ! w> %\ld g on until all ! combatants1 includ+ ,g]many1 h be5 br\ght to see t ! ,gov]nm5tal rgime & ! /ate ( ! public m9d 9 ,g]many :i* h made ?is w> possible are n consi/5t ) ! security & well-be+ ( ,europe 9 ! future4 ,p]sonally1 ,i feel /rongly t ! w> ought to g on s long z ,g]many p]si/s 9 its policies ( _w empire1 dyna/ic rule1 autocratic bureaucracy1 & ! use ( =ce 9 int]national deal+s4 ,if ! w> /ops be=e ,g]many sees t ^? policies _c prevail 9 tw5tie?-c5tury ,europe1 ! horrible wrongs & evils :i* we are n[ witness+ w recur2 & all ! nations w h to cont9ue ! de/ructive process ( competitive armam5ts4 ,if peace %\ld be made n[1 be=e ! ,allies h arriv$ at attack+ ,g]many on h] own soil1 !re w\ld result only a truce ( mod]ate l5g?1 & !n a r5ewal ( ! pres5t horrors4 ,i _c b ?9k t ,europe n[ has a *ance to make a *oice betwe5 ! ,g]man ideal ( ! ,/ate & ! ,anglo-,am]ican ideal4 ,^! two ideals are v diff]5t2 & ! pres5t conflict %[s t !y _c coexi/ long] 9 mod]n ,europe4 ,9 reg>d to ! sugge/ion :i* y\r correspond5t made to y t a conf]5ce ( private p]sons %\ld n[ be call$ 9 ! hope ( arriv+ at an agre$-^u appeal to ! combatants to desi/ f fight+ & consid] t]ms ( settlem5t1 ,i _c b feel 7#a7 t su* a conf]5ce w\ld h no assur$ /atus2 7#b7 t ! combatants w\ld n li/52 & 7#c7 t ! ef=t w\ld1 !re=e1 be untimely n[1 ?\gh p]haps useful lat]4 ,"o idea might possibly br+ ab\t peace1 if x fructifi$ 9 ! m9d ( ! ,g]man ,emp]or--! idea1 namely1 t ! *ance ( ,g]many's obta9+ dom9at+ p[] 9 ei!r ,europe or ! _w hav+ already gone1 ! wise ?+ = him to d is to save ,unit$ ,g]many )9 h] natural b\nd>ies = secure developm5t z a highly civiliz$ /rong nation 9 ! he>t ( ,europe4 ,surplus population c always emigrate happily 9 ! future z 9 ! pa/4 ,! security ( ,g]many w\ld re/1 h[ev]1 on an int]national agreem5t to be ma9ta9$ by an int]national =ce2 :]eas1 ! example :i* ,g]many has j giv5 ( ! reckless violation ( int]national agreem5ts is extremely disc\rag+ 9 reg>d to ! possibility ( secur+ ! peace ( ,europe 9 ! future4 ,al?\gh ?is w> has already made q impossible ! dom9ation ( ,g]many 9 ,europe or 9 ! _w1 ! lead]s ( ,g]many d n yet see or appreh5d t impossibility4 ,h5ce1 _m e>ne/ peace-seek]s h to confess t !y d n see any means :atev] available = promot+ peace 9 ,europe n[1 or ev5 procur+ a %ort truce4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld believe ) y t ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,russia w\ld li/5 to ! voice ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,!y all seem to desire ! good op9ion & moral support ( ,am]ica2 b ,i see no signs t !y w\ld take ,am]ican advice or imitate ,am]ican example4 ,presid5t ,wilson seems to ?9k t ?is c\ntry w be accept$ z a k9d ( umpire 9 ?is =midable conte/2 b surely we h no "r to any su* position4 ,our example 9 avoid+ aggression on o!r nations1 & 9 decl9+ to ent] ! conte/ = _w p[]1 ought to h "s effect 9 abat+ ,european ambitions 9 t direction2 b our exhortations to peace & good-w w1 ,i fe>1 h little influ5ce4 ,!re is /ill a real conte/ on betwe5 democracy & olig>*ical me?ods4 ,y see1 my de> ,mr4 ,s*iff1 t ,i reg>d ?is w> z ! result ( long-cont9u+ causes :i* h be5 ga!r+ =ce = m ?an fifty ye>s4 ,9 ,g]many all ! =ces ( education1 f9ance1 comm]cial developm5t1 a pagan philosophy1 & ,gov]nm5t h be5 prep>+ ?is w> s9ce #ahfj4 ,to /op x n[1 be=e ^! =ces h be5 ov]:elm+ly defeat$1 & be=e ! :ole ,g]man p is conv9c$ t !y are defeat$1 w\ld be to leave humanity expos$ to ! c]ta9 recurr5ce ( ! fe>ful convulsions we are n[ witness+4 ,if anybody c %[ me any signs t ! lead]s ( ,g]many are conv9c$ t !re is to be no _w empire = ,g]many or any o!r nation1 & no despotic ,gov]nm5t 9 ,europe1 ,i %all be ready to take "p 9 any effectual advocacy ( peace4 ,s9c]ely y\rs4 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,eliot4 ,jacob ,h4 ,s*iff1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,s*iff to ,dr4 ,eliot4 ,,new ,,york1 ,dec4 #e1 #aiad4 ,presid5t ,em]itus ,*>les ,w4 ,eliot1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,de> ,dr4 ,eliot3 ,y\r lett] ( ,dec4 #c rea*$ me ?is morn+1 & has giv5 me mu* food = ?\ght4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld foll[ y 9 ! position y h tak51 = ,i l no?+ bett] ?an to sit at ! feet ( a ma/] l y & be in/ruct$4 ,b1 mu* z ,i h tri$1 ev5 be=e our rec5t correspond5ce 0 begun1 to get at y\r viewpo9t z f "t to "t publi%$1 ,i h n be5 able to conv9ce myself t y occupy a correct position4 ,please accept ?is z express$ 9 all mode/y1 = ,i "k 7 y n ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( ! ju/ice ( ! position y h tak5 f ! />t y w\ld n be s det]m9$ 9 hold+ to x4 ,i am p]fectly frank to say t ,i am amaz$ & *agr9$ :5 y say t y feel /rongly t ! w> ought to g on until ! ,allies h arriv$ at attack+ ,g]many on h] own soil1 :i*1 if ?is is at all likely to come1 may take _m mon?s yet1 & w mean sacrifice ( human life on bo? sides m appall+ ?an any?+ we h se5 yet s9ce ! w> began4 ,s y are will+ t1 ) all ! human life t has already p]i%$1 practically ! entire fl[] ( ! w>r+ nations %all become ext]m9at$ be=e ev5 an ef=t be made to see :e!r ^! nations _c be br\ght to reason1 _c be made to /op & to consid] :e!r1 ) ! exp]i5ce ( ! pa/ f\r mon?s be=e !m1 x w\ld n be bett] to ev5 n[ make an ef=t to f9d a way 9 :i* ! causes t h l$ to ?is deplorable conflict c be once & =ev] eradicat$8 ,t x w be possible to f9d at ?is "t any me?od or basis ?r\gh ! adoption ( :i* ! _w w\ld become entirely immune aga9/ w> ,i d n believe1 ev5 by ! e/abli%m5t ( ! int]national police =ce su* z y & o!rs appe> to h 9 m9d4 ,! p]petual cessation ( all w> betwe5 ! civiliz$ nations ( ! _w c1 z ,i see x1 only be br\ght ab\t 9 two ways1 bo? ,utopian & likely impracticable1 = _m ye>s to come4 ,w> c\ld be made only to cease entirely if all ! nations ( ,europe c\ld be organiz$ into a ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,europe & if free trade 7 e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! extreme nationalism1 :i* has become s rampant dur+ ! pa/ fifty ye>s & :i* has be5 m or less at ! bottom ( e w>1 w\ld !n cease to exi/ & prevail1 & 9 ! second ev5t1 namely1 if free trade became e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! _w ! necessity = t]ritorial expansion & aggression w\ld no long] be ne$$1 =1 ) ! entire _w op5 on equal t]ms to ! comm]ce & indu/ry ( e nation1 t]ritorial possession w\ld n be mu* ( a consid]ation to any peoples4 ,y cont9ually lay /ress ^u ! dang] ( ! dom9ation ( ,g]many 9 ,europe & 9 ! _w4 ,i believe ,i h already made myself q cle> 9 my rec5t ,,new ,,york ,,times int]view1 :i* has call$ =? ?is correspond5ce betwe5 u1 t nei!r w\ld ,i wi% to h ,g]many come into a position :]e x might dom9ate ,europe1 & m or less ! _w1 nor d ,i believe t ! ,g]man ,nation1 except p]haps a h&ful ( extremi/s1 has any su* desires4 ,i believe ,i h also made myself q cle> 9 ! int]view to :i* ,i h ref]r$ t my feel+s are n anti-,engli%1 = ,i %all nev] =get t lib]al gov]nm5t & all =ms ( lib]alism h _h _! orig91 ev] s9ce ! ,magna ,*>ta1 9 t great nation :om we s (t5 love to call our c\s9s4 ,b1 ) all ( ?is1 c y ignore ! fact t ,engl& ev5 today1 )\t ! fur!r p[] & pre/ige victory 9 ! pres5t conflict w\ld give h]1 practically dom9ates ! high seas1 t %e treats ! ocean z h] own & en=ces h] dictates ^u ! wat]s ev5 to our v %ores8 ,t ?is is true ! pa/ f\r mon?s h amply prov$4 ,i am n "o ( ^? :o fe> t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z f> z c n[ be =ese51 w get into any arm$ conflict ) ,great ,brita9 or ) ,japan1 h] p]man5t ally1 b ,i c well und]/& t _m 9 our c\ntry are ( a diff]5t op9ion1 & x takes no prophet to =esee t1 ) ,engl& com+ out ( ?is w> victori\s & h] & ,japan's p[] on ! high seas increas$1 ! dem& f a l>ge section ( our p = ! acquisition & possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( an increas$ p[]ful navy & = ! erection ( va/ coa/ def5ses1 bo? on ! ,atlantic & ,pacific %ores1 w become s insi/5t t x _c be )/ood4 ,:at ?is w mean to ! ,am]ican p 9 lavi% exp5ditures & 9 increas$ taxation ,i ne$ n "h fur!r g into4 ,yes1 my de> & rev]$ fri5d1 ,i c see n\ght b d>kness if a way _c be soon f\nd out ( ! pres5t deplorable situation z x exi/s 9 ,europe4 ,b ev5 if ! ,allies are victori\s x w mean1 z ,i am conv9c$1 ! beg9n+ ( ! desc5t ( ,engl& z ! _w's lead] & ! ha/5$ asc5d5cy ( ,russia1 :o1 n today or tomorr[1 b 9 times to come1 is sure to cr[d out ,engl& f ! _w's lead]%ip4 ,a ,russia t w h become democratic 9 its gov]nm5t1 be x z a republic or "u a truly con/itutional mon>*y2 a ,russia 9 :i* education w be z free z x is 9 our own c\ntry2 a ,russia 9 :i* ! p c move ab\t & make homes 9 ! va/ t]ritory %e possesses :]ev] !y c f9d mo/ happ9ess & prosp]ity2 a ,russia ) its va/ natural res\rces ( e k9d fully develop$1 is b\nd to be ! greate/ & mo/ p[]ful nation on ! e>?4 ,b ,i am go+ too f> into ! future & ,i mu/ return to ! sad & deplorable pres5t4 ,i only want$ to %[ h[ ,engl&'s alliance ) ?is pres5t-day ,russia & its despotic1 autocratic1 & inhuman ,gov]nm5t may1 if ! ,allies %all be victori\s1 prove possibly 9 ! ne>] future1 b c]ta9ly 9 ! long run1 ,engl&'s ,nemesis4 ,be=e clos+ ,i want to correct ! impression y appe> to h receiv$ t ,i h meant to sugge/ a conf]5ce ( private p]sons = ! purpose ( agree+ ^u an appeal by !m to ! nations ( ,europe to desi/ f fight+ & consid] t]ms ( settlem5t4 ,i "k ?is w\ld be entirely impracticable & useless1 b :at ,i meant to convey to y 0 my conviction t if y & m5 l y1 ( :om ,i confess !re are b too few1 7 to make ! endeavor to r\se public op9ion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to a po9t :]e x %\ld insi/5tly dem& t ?is t]rific c>nage ( blood & de/ruction cease1 x w\ld n be long be=e ^! w>r+ ,gov]nm5ts w\ld take notice ( su* s5tim5ts on ! "p ( ! ,am]ican p2 & :at %\ld be done at once is ! /oppage ( ! furni%+ ( munitions ( w> to any ( ! bellig]5ts1 z is un=tunately done to s great an ext5t at pres5t f ?is c\ntry4 ,we freely & abundantly give to ! ,r$ ,cross & ! _m o!r relief societies1 b we d ?is1 ev5 if indirectly1 out ( ! v pr(its we d]ive f ! w> mat]ial we sell to ! bellig]5ts1 & ) :i* ! w\nds ! ,r$ ,cross & o!r relief societies endeavor to assuage are inflict$4 ,y\rs mo/ fai?fully1 ,,jacob ,h4 ,,s*iff4 ,dr4 ,eliot to ,mr4 ,s*iff4 ,,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,dec4 #h1 #aiad4 ,de> ,mr4 ,s*iff3 ,y\r lett] ( ,dec4 #e tells me :at ! diff]5ce is betwe5 y & me 9 respect to ! outcome ( ! w>--,i am mu* m hopeful or sangu9e ( ! _w's gett+ good out ( x ?an y are4 ,s9ce y d n hope to get any good to speak ( out ( x1 y want to /op x z soon z possible4 ,y look =w>d to future w> f "t to "t betwe5 ! nations ( ,europe & to ! ma9t5ance ( competitive armam5ts4 ,y ?9k t ! lu/ ( dom9ion mu/ cont9ue to be felt & gratifi$1 n[ by "o nation & n[ by ano!r2 t ,great ,brita9 c gratify x n[1 b t %e w be ov]p[]$ by ,russia by & by4 ,i am unwill+ to accept ^! conditions = ,europe1 or = ! _w1 )\t urg+ ! fre] nations to make extraord9>y ef=ts to rea* a bett] solution ( ! ,european int]national problem :i*1 unsolv$1 has l$ d[n to ?is horrible pit ( g5]al w>4 ,i h j f9i%$ ano!r lett] to ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times1 :i* w probably be 9 pr9t by ! "t y get back to ,new ,york1 s ,i w n tr\ble y ) any exposition ( ! gr\nds ( my hopefulness4 ,x is because ,i am hopeful t ,i want to see ?is w> f\ght out until ,g]many is p]suad$ t %e _c dom9ate ,europe1 or1 inde$1 make h] w prevail any:]e by =ce ( arms4 ,:5 t *ange ( m9d has be5 effect$ ,i hope t ,g]many w become a memb] ( a f$]ation firm en\gh & p[]ful en\gh to prev5t any s+le nation f aim+ at _w empire1 or ev5 p\nc+ on a small] neighbor4 ,!re is ano!r po9t on :i* ,i seem to diff] f y3 ,i d n believe t any s+le nation has n[1 or c ev] h]eaft] h1 ! lead]%ip ( ! _w1 :]eas y look =w>d to ! exi/5ce ( su* lead]%ip or dom9ation 9 ! h&s ( a s+le great p[]4 ,are !re n _m signs already1 bo? 9 ! ,ea/ & 9 ! ,we/1 t ! "t has pa/ = _w empire8 ,v s9c]ely & cordially y\rs1 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,eliot4 ,jacob ,h4 ,s*iff1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,s*iff to ,dr4 ,eliot4 ,,new ,,york1 ,dec4 #ad1 #aiad4 ,de> ,dr4 ,eliot3 ,i h delay$ reply+ to y\r valu$ lett] ( ! #h? in/4 until aft] ! appe>ance ( y\r fur!r lett] to ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times1 to :i* y _h made ref]5ce1 &1 l ev]y?+ emanat+ f y1 ! cont5ts ( y\r la/ ,,times lett] h evok$ my deepe/ int]e/4 ,_h our rec5t correspond5ce n already become m ext5d$ ?an y likely _h int5d$ x to become :5 y fir/ wrote me on ! subject ( my ,,times int]view ( "s weeks ago1 ,i %\ld g into y\r late/ argum5ts at great] l5g?4 ,z x is1 ,i %all only reit]ate t ,i f9d myself unable to foll[ y 9 y\r belief & hope1 t _w empire & _w lead]%ip1 z ?is n[ exi/s1 is likely to cease z a consequ5ce ( ! pres5t w>1 mu* z we all may desire ?is4 ,engl& has tak5 up arms to reta9 h] _w dom9ion & lead]%ip2 & to ga9 x1 ,g]many is fight+4 ,h[ c y1 !n1 expect t ,engl&1 if victori\s1 w\ld be will+ to surr5d] h] control ( ! oceans & ! dom9ion ov] ! trade ( ! _w %e possesses 9 consequ5ce1 & :]e is !re1 !n1 room = ! hope y express t _w lead]%ip may become a ?+ ( ! pa/ ) ! t]m9ation ( ! pres5t conflict8 ,i repeat1 ) all my atta*m5t = my native l& & its p1 ,i h no inimical feel+ t[>d ,engl&1 h w>m s5tim5ts = ,france1 & ! greate/ compassion = brave1 /rick5 ,belgium4 ,?us1 ) malice t[>d none1 & ) ! highe/ respect = y\r express$ views1 ,i am /ill ( ! op9ion t !re c be no great] s]vice r5d]$ to mank9d ?an to make ! ef=t1 ei!r ?r\gh ! =ce ( public op9ion ( ! two ,am]icas1 or o!rwise1 to br+ ^! w>r+ ,gov]nm5ts toge!r at an e>ly mom5t1 ev5 if ?is c only be done )\t /opp+ _! conflict1 s t !y may make ! endeavor1 :e!r--) _! co/ly exp]i5ce ( ! la/ five mon?s1 ) ! probability t !y n[ "k bett] :at ne$ be done to make ! extreme armam5ts on l& & sea z unnecess>y z !y are undesirable 9 ! future--a basis _c be f\nd ^u :i* dis>mam5t c be effectively & p]man5tly br\ght ab\t4 ,?is1 at "s "t1 !y w h come to1 9 any ev5t1 & mu/ !re fir/ m human lives be sacrific$ into ! hundr$s & hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 & /ill great] havoc be wr\ght1 be=e passions c be made to cease & reason be made to return8 ,if1 z y seem to ?9k1 ! w> ne$ g on until "o c\ntry is beat5 into a condition :]e x mu/ accept ! t]ms ! victor *ooses to impose1 because x c no long] help itself to d else1 ! peace ?us obta9$ w only be ! h>b+] ( ano!r w> 9 ! ne> or di/ant future1 bloodi] probably ?an ! pres5t sangu9>y conflict1 & ?r\gh no compact :i* might be ent]$ into w x be possible to actually prev5t ?is4 ,tw5ty c5turies ago ,*ri/ianity came into ! _w ) its l(ty message ( peace on e>? & good-w to m51 & n[1 aft] two ?\s& ye>s1 & at ! ne> approa* ( ! season :5 ,*ri/ianity celebrates ! bir? ( its f\nd]1 x is insi/$ t ! m]ciless slaught] ( man by man we h be5 witness+ ^! la/ mon?s mu/ be p]mitt$ to be cont9u$ into ! inf9ite4 ,mo/ fai?fully y\rs1 ,,jacob ,h4 ,,s*iff4 ,presid5t ,em]itus ,*>les ,w4 ,eliot1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,,la ,,ca!drale4 ,f ,fig>o4 ,by ,,edmond ,,ro/&4 ,ils n'ont fait que la r5dre un peu plus immortelle4 ,l',oeuvre ne prit pas1 que mutile un gr$94 ,dem&e ,phidias et dem&e ,rod9 ,si1 devant ses morceaux1 on ne dit plus3 ,c'e/ ,elle6 ,la ,=t]esse meurt qu& on la dmantle4 ,mais le ,temple1 bris1 vit plus noble2 et s\da9 ,les yeux1 se s\v5ant du toit avec dda91 ,prfr5t voir le ciel dans la pi]re en d5telle4 ,r5dons grace--att5du qu'il n\s manquait encor ,d'avoir ce qu'ont les ,grecs sur la coll9e d'or2 ,le ,symbole du ,beau consacr p> l'insulte6-- ,r5dons grace aux po9teurs du /upide canon1 ,puisque de leur adresse allem&e il rsulte ,une ,honte p\r eux1 p\r n\s un ,p>?non6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,a ,free ,translation ( ,ro/&'s ,sonnet4 ,by ,,frances ,c4 ,,fay4 ,dea?less is grav5 deep] on ?y br[2 ,gh\ls h no p[] to end ?y endless sway4 ,! ,greek ( old1 ! ,fr5*man ( today1 ,be=e ?y riv5 %r9e are b5d+ n[4 ,a w\nd$ =tress /raightway lie? prone1 ,n s ! ,temple dies2 its ro( may fall1 ,! sky its cov]+ vault1 an azure pall1 ,do? droop to cr[n its weal? ( lacework /one4 ,praise to y1 ,v&al guns ( dull int5t6 ,we lack$ till n[ our ,beauty's monum5t ,twice hall[$ o'er by insult's brutal h&1 ,z ,pallas owns on ,a!ns' gold5 hill1 ,we h x n[1 ?anks to y\r f>-flung br&6 ,y\r %ame--our ga91 misguid$ ,g]man skill6 ,probable ,causes & ,outcome ( ! ,w> ,by ,*>les ,w4 ,eliot4 ,presid5t ,em]itus ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity2 ,(fic] ,legion d',honneur 7,france72 ,imp]ial ,ord] ( ! ,ris+ ,sun1 fir/ class 7,japan72 ,royal ,prussian ,ord] ( ! ,cr[n1 fir/ class2 ,gr& ,(fic] ( ! ,cr[n ( ,italy2 ,memb] ( ! ,g5]al ,education ,bo>d1 & an orig9al inve/igator = ! cause ( int]national peace4 ,foll[+ ,is ,reproduc$ a ,s]ies ( ,five ,lett]s to ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times f ,dr4 ,eliot1 ,toge!r ) ! ,comm5ts ,!reon by ,em95t ,critics4 ,,dr4 ,,eliot',s ,,fir/ ,,lett]4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,! ,am]ican p )\t di/9ction ( p>ty are highly cont5t ) ! action ( _! ,national ,adm9i/ration on all ! grave problems pres5t$ to ! ,gov]nm5t by ! sudd5 outbreak ( long-prep>$ w> 9 ,europe--a w> :i* already involves five great ,/ates & two small ones4 ,!y he>tily approve ( ! action ( ! ,adm9i/ration on m$iation1 neutrality1 aid to ,am]icans 9 ,europe1 disc\ragem5t ( speculation 9 foods1 &1 ) ! exception ( extreme protectioni/s1 admission to ,am]ican regi/]y ( =eign-built %ips2 al?\gh ! legislation on ! la/ subject1 :i* has already pass$ ,congress1 is manife/ly inadequate4 ,our p _c see t ! w> w necess>ily be %ort1 & !y _c imag9e h[ x c la/ long4 ,!y realize t hi/ory gives no example ( su* a g5]al int]ruption ( trade & all o!r int]national int]c\rse z has already tak5 place1 or ( su* a /oppage ( ! production & di/ribution ( ! necess>ies ( life z ?is w> ?reat5s4 ,!y %udd] at ! floods ( human woe :i* are ab\t to ov]:elm ,europe4 ,h5ce1 ?9k+ ,am]icans _c help reflect+ on ! causes ( ?is mon/r\s outbreak ( primitive savag]y--"p ( !m come d[n f ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies & "p develop$ 9 ! n9ete5?--& wond]+ :at good = mank9d1 if any1 c possibly come out ( ! pres5t cataclysm4 ,! :ole p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 )\t reg>d to racial orig91 are ( "o m9d 9 hop+ t mank9d may ga9 out ( ?is prodigi\s physical combat1 :i* uses = purposes ( de/ruction & dea? all ! new =ces ( n9ete5?-c5tury appli$ sci5ce1 "s new lib]ties & new securities 9 ! pursuit ( happ9ess2 b at ?is mom5t !y c *]i% only a remote hope ( su* an issue4 ,! milit>y =ce :i* ,au/ria-,hung>y & ,g]many are n[ us+ on a prodigi\s scale1 & ) long-/udi$ skill1 c only be met by simil> milit>y =ce1 & ?is resi/+ =ce is summon$ m sl[ly ?an t ( ,au/ria-,hung>y & ,g]many1 al?\gh ! ultimate battalions w be heavi]4 ,9 ?is port5t\s physical conte/ ! ,am]ican p h no "p2 _! geographical position1 _! hi/orical developm5t1 & _! political ideals comb9e to make !m = ! pres5t m]e spectators1 al?\gh _! int]e/s--comm]cial1 indu/rial1 & political--are deeply involv$4 ,= ! mom5t1 ! be/ ?+ our ,gov]nm5t c d is to utilize all exi/+ neutrality rights1 &1 if possible1 to /r5g!n or develop ^? rights1 = out ( ?is w> ought to come m neutral ,/ates 9 ,europe & great] security = neutraliz$ t]ritory4 ,! ,ne$ = ,discussion4 ,! *ances ( gett+ "s ga9s = mank9d out ( ?is gigantic /ruggle w be some:at increas$ if ! ,am]ican p1 & all o!r neutral peoples1 arrive ?r\gh public discussion at "s cle> und]/&+ ( ! causes & ! possible & desirable issues ( ! w>1 & ! soon] ?is public discussion beg9s1 & ! m ?or\ghly x is pursu$1 ! s\nd] w probably be ! t5d5cies ( public s5tim5t outside ( ! cont5d+ nations & ! conclusions :i* ! peace negotiations w ultimately rea*4 ,:5 "o beg9s1 h[ev]1 to reflect on ! probable causes ( ! sudd5 lapse ( ! mo/ civiliz$ p>ts ( ,europe into worse ?an primitive savag]y1 he comes at once on two old & widespread evils 9 ,europe f :i* ,am]ica has be5 exempt = at lea/ #aej ye>s4 ,! fir/ is secret diplomacy ) p[] to make issues & det]m9e ev5ts1 & ! second is autocratic national ,executives :o c sw+ ! :ole physical =ce ( ! nation to ?is side or t )\t consult+ ! p or _! repres5tatives4 ,! actual cata/rophe proves t secret negotiations l ^? habitually conduct$ on behalf ( ! conc]t ( ,europe1 & alliances betwe5 select$ nations1 ! t]ms ( :i* are secret1 or at any rate n publicly /at$1 _c av]t 9 ! long run outrage\s w>1 b c only produce po/ponem5ts ( w>1 or %ort truces4 ,free in/itutions1 l ^? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 take ! public into confid5ce1 because all important movem5ts ( ! ,gov]nm5t mu/ re/ on popul> desires1 ne$s1 & volitions4 ,autocratic in/itutions h no su* necessity = publicity4 ,?is ,gov]nm5t secrecy z to motives1 plans1 & purposes mu/ (t5 be ma9ta9$ by disreg>d+ tru?1 fair deal+1 & honorable obligations1 9 ord] t1 :5 ! appeal to =ce comes1 "o ,gov]nm5t may secure ! advantage ( tak+ ! o!r by surprise4 ,duplicity dur+ peace & ! break+ ( treaties dur+ w> come to be reg>d$ z obvi\s milit>y necessities4 ,! second great evil "u :i* c]ta9 l>ge nations ( ,europe--notably ,russia1 ,g]many1 & ,au/ria-,hung>y--h long suff]$ & /ill suff] is ! p]man5t national ,executive1 indep5d5t ( popul> control ?r\gh repres5tative bodies1 hold+ /rong views ab\t rights ( bir? & religi\s sanctions ( its au?ority1 & really controll+ ! national =ces ?r\gh "s small c\ncil & a /rong bureaucracy4 ,s long z ,executives ( ?is sort endure1 s long w civilization be liable to su* explosions z h tak5 place ?is ,augu/1 ?\gh n always on s va/ a scale4 ,am]icans n[ see ^! ?+s m cle>ly ?an ,european lov]s ( lib]ty1 because ,am]icans are deta*$ f ! actual conflicts by ! ,atlantic1 & because ,am]icans h _h no real contact ) ! feudal or ! imp]ial sy/em = ne>ly #cjj ye>s4 ,pilgrim & ,puritan1 ,cov5ant] & ,quak]1 ,lu!ran & ,ca?olic alike left ! feudal sy/em & autocratic gov]nm5t beh9d !m :5 !y cross$ ! ,atlantic4 ,am]icans1 !re=e1 _c help hop+ t two results ( ! pres5t w> w be3 7#a7 ,! abolition ( secret diplomacy & secret und]/&+s1 & ! sub/itution !re= ( treaties publicly discuss$ & sanction$1 & 7#b7 ! creation ( national ,executives--,emp]ors1 ,sultans1 ,k+s1 or ,presid5ts--:i* _c use ! national =ces 9 fight until a ?or\ghly in=m$ national assembly1 act+ ) delib]ation1 has agre$ to t use4 ,opposite ,t5d5cies4 ,! ,am]ican /ud5t ( hi/ory s9ce ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury sees cle>ly two /rong ?\gh app>5tly opposite t5d5cies 9 ,europe3 ,fir/1 ! t5d5cy to ! creation & ma9t5ance ( small ,/ates su* z ^? :i* ! ,peace ( ,we/phalia 7#afdh7 recogniz$ & = two c5turies secur$ 9 a fairly indep5d5t exi/5ce1 &1 secondly1 a t5d5cy f ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury t[>d l>g] national units1 creat$ by comb9+ sev]al k9dr$ ,/ates "u "o executive4 ,?is second t5d5cy 0 illu/rat$ /rongly 9 ! case ( bo? ,g]many & ,italy1 al?\gh ! ,prussian dom9ation 9 ,g]many has no p>allel 9 ,italy4 ,some:at e>li] 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury ! doctr9e ( ! neutralization ( ! t]ritories ( small ,/ates 0 e/abli%$ z firmly z solemn treaties c\ld d x4 ,! l>g] national units _h a m or less f$]ative quality1 ! compon5ts yield+ "s ( _! functions to a c5tral p[]1 b reta9+ num]\s indep5d5t functions4 ,?is t5d5cy to limit$ unification is "o :i* ,am]icans easily und]/& & appreciate4 ,we believe 9 ! f$]ative pr9ciple1 & mu/ !re=e hope t out ( ! pres5t ,european horror w come a new developm5t ( t pr9ciple1 & new security = small ,/ates :i* are capable ( gu>antee+ to _! citiz5s life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess--a security :i* no citiz5 ( any ,european c\ntry seems today to possess4 ,"s ( ! und]ly+ causes ( ! horrible cata/rophe ! ,am]ican p are n[ wat*+ f af> are comm]cial & economic4 ,imp]ial ,g]many's desire = colonies 9 o!r cont95ts--su* z ,great ,brita9 & ,france secur$ e>li] z a result ( ke5 comm]cial ambitions--is int5se4 ,prussia's seizure ( ,s*leswig 9 #ahfd-e _h ! comm]cial motive2 & x is ) visions ( ports on ! ,nor? ,sea t ,g]many ju/ifies h] pres5t occupation ( ,belgium4 ,! ,russians h = g5]ations desir$ to ext5d _! national t]ritory s\?w>d to ! ,aegean & ! ,bosphorus1 & ea/w>d to good h>bors on ! ,pacific4 ,lat] !y pu%$ into ,mongolia & ,man*uria1 b 7 resi/$ successfully by ,japan4 ,au/ria-,hung>y has long be5 seek+ ports on ! ,adriatic1 & lately seiz$ )\t w>rant ,h]zegov9a & ,bosnia to promote h] approa* t[>d ! ,aegean1 & is n[ try+ to seize ,s]via ) ! same ends 9 view4 ,) simil> motives ,italy lately desc5d$ on ,tripoli1 )\t any excuse except ?is int5se desire = colonies--pr(itable or unpr(itable4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,am]ican p1 look+ to ! future z well z to ! pa/1 object to acquisitions ( new t]ritory by =ce ( arms2 & s9ce ! tw5tie? c5tury op5$ !y h twice illu/rat$ 9 _! own practice--fir/ 9 ,cuba1 & !n 9 ,mexico--?is democratic objection4 ,!y believe t ext5sions ( national t]ritory %\ld be br\ght ab\t only ) ! indubitable cons5t ( ! majority ( ! p mo/ ne>ly conc]n$4 ,!y also believe t comm]ce %\ld always be a means ( promot+ good-w1 & n ill-w1 among m51 & t all legitimate & useful ext5sions ( ! comm]ce ( a manufactur+ & comm]cial nation may be procur$ ?r\gh ! policy ( ! op5 door--:i* means no?+ m ?an t all nations %\ld be all[$ to compete on equal t]ms = ! trade ( any =eign p1 :e!r backw>d or advanc$ 9 civilization4 ,no ,am]ican ,adm9i/ration has accept$ a concession ( l& 9 ,*9a4 ,!y also believe t peaceable ext5sions ( t]ritory & trade w af=d adequate relief f ! economic pressure on a population too l>ge = ! t]ritory x occupies1 & t !re is no ne$ ( =cible seizure ( t]ritory to secure relief4 ,x is inevitable1 !re=e1 t ! ,am]ican p %\ld hope t "o outcome ( ! pres5t w> %\ld be--no enl>gem5t ( a national t]ritory by =ce or )\t ! free cons5t ( ! population to be annex$1 & no colonization except by peaceable comm]cial & indu/rial me?ods4 ,aggressive ,=ce a ,failure4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & f>-rea*+ effects ( ! pres5t outbreak ( savag]y is likely to be ! conviction x c>ries to ! m9ds ( ?9k+ p t ! :ole process ( competitive armam5ts1 ! enli/m5t ( ! entire male population 9 national armies1 & ! incessant plann+ ( campaigns aga9/ neighbors1 is n a tru/wor?y me?od = pres]v+ peace4 ,x n[ appe>s t ! milit>y prep>ations ( ! la/ fifty ye>s 9 ,europe h result$ 9 ! mo/ t]rific w> ( all "t1 & t a fi]ce ultimate outbreak is ! only probable result ( ! sy/em4 ,= ! future ( civilization ?is is a lesson ( high value4 ,x tea*es t if mod]n civilization is to be pres]v$1 national ,executives--:e!r imp]ial or republican--mu/ n h at _! disposal imm5se armam5ts & drill$ armies held ready 9 ! lea%2 t armam5ts mu/ be limit$1 an int]national ,supreme ,c\rt e/abli%$1 national armies *ang$ to ! ,swiss =m1 & an int]national =ce adequate to deal ) any nation t may sudd5ly become lawless agre$ ^u by treaty & held always 9 read9ess4 ,! occasional use ( =ce w cont9ue to be necess>y ev5 9 ! civiliz$ _w2 b x mu/ be made n an aggressive b a protective =ce & us$ z su*--j z protective =ce has to be us$ sometimes 9 families1 s*ools1 cities1 & ,commonweal?s4 ,at pres5t ,am]icans d n close _! eyes to ! pla9 fact t ! brute =ce :i* ,g]many & ,au/ria-,hung>y are n[ us+ c only be ov]come by brute =ce ( ! same sort 9 l>g] measure4 ,x is only :5 negotiations = peace beg9 t ! great lesson ( ! futility ( huge prep>ations = fight+ to pres]ve peace c be giv5 effect4 ,is x too mu* to expect t ! :ole civiliz$ _w w take to he>t ! lessons ( ?is t]rible cata/rophe & co-op]ate to prev5t ! recurr5ce ( su* losses & woes8 ,%\ld ,g]many & ,au/ria-,hung>y succe$ 9 _! pres5t und]tak+s1 ! :ole civiliz$ _w w\ld be oblig$ to be> cont9u\sly1 & to an ev]-increas+ am\nt1 ! burd5s ( great armam5ts1 & w\ld live 9 con/ant fe> ( sudd5 invasion1 n[ "h1 n[ !re--a t]rible fe>1 aga9/ :i* nei!r treaties nor pr(essions ( peaceable int5tions w\ld (f] ! lea/ security4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 h[ev]1 t ! :ole milit>y organization1 :i* has long be5 compulsory on ! nations ( ,cont95tal ,europe1 is inconsi/5t 9 ! highe/ degree ) ,am]ican ideals ( individual lib]ty & social progress4 ,democracies c fight ) ardor1 & sometimes ) success1 :5 ! :ole p is mov$ by a common s5tim5t or passion2 b ! /ructure & discipl9e ( a mod]n army l t ( ,g]many1 ,au/ria-,hung>y1 or ,russia1 has a despotic or autocratic quality :i* is inconsi/5t ) ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( democratic society4 ,to make w> 9 c\ntries l ,france1 ,great ,brita91 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates requires ! widespread1 simultane\s /irr+ ( ! passions ( ! p on behalf ( _! own ideals4 ,?is /irr+ requires publicity be=e & aft] ! decl>ation ( w> & public discussion2 & ! delays :i* discussion causes are securities = peace4 ,out ( ! pres5t /ruggle %\ld come a *eck on milit>ism--a /rong revulsion aga9/ ! use ( =ce z means ( settl+ int]national disputes4 ,am]ica ,_c ,be ,indiff]5t4 ,x mu/ also be admitt$ t x is impossible = ! ,am]ican p to sympa?ize ) ! tone ( ! imp]ial & royal addresses :i*1 9 summon+ ! p to w>1 use su* phrases z ,my mon>*y1 ,my loyal p1 ,my loyal subjects2 = !re is impli$ 9 su* phrases a dyna/ic or p]sonal own]%ip ( peoples :i* %ocks ! av]age ,am]ican4 ,am]icans inevitably ?9k t ! "r way = a rul] to beg9 an exhortation to ! p he rules is ,presid5t ,wilson's way3 ,my fell[-c\ntrym54 ,x foll[s f ! v exi/5ce ( ^! ,am]ican in/9cts & hopes t1 al?\gh ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates mean to ma9ta9 fai?fully a legal neutrality1 !y are n1 & c n be1 neutral or indiff]5t z to ! ultimate outcome ( ?is titanic /ruggle4 ,x already seems to !m t ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,russia are fight+ = fre$om & civilization4 ,x does n foll[ t ?9k+ ,am]icans w =get ! imm5se s]vices :i* ,g]many has r5d]$ to civilization dur+ ! la/ hundr$ ye>s1 or desire t h] p[] to s]ve lett]s1 sci5ce1 art1 & education %\ld be 9 ! lea/ abridg$ 9 ! outcome ( ?is w> ^u :i* %e has ent]$ s ra%ly & selfi%ly & 9 s b>b>\s a _s4 ,mo/ educat$ ,am]icans hope & believe t by defeat+ ! ,g]man b>b>\sness ! ,allies w only promote ! noble ,g]man civilization4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,w4 ,,burgess 7,photo by ,alman ,co47 ,see ,page #ejg ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,m4 ,,sloane 7,photo by ,pa*47 ,see ,page #eae ,! pres5ce ( ,russia 9 ! comb9ation aga9/ ,g]many & ,au/ria-,hung>y seems to ! av]age ,am]ican an abnormal ph5om5on2 because ,russia is itself a milit>y mon>*y ) m>k$ t]ritorial ambitions2 & its civilization is at a m elem5t>y /age ?an t ( ,france or ,engl&2 b he resi/s pres5t appreh5sion on ?is score by recall+ t ,russia submitt$ to ! ,conc]t ( ,europe :5 h] victori\s armies 7 )9 sev5te5 miles ( ,con/ant9ople1 t %e emancipat$ h] s]fs1 propos$ ,! ,hague ,conf]5ces1 initiat$ ! ,duma1 & has lately (f]$--p]haps z w> measures only--autonomy to h] ,poles & equal rights ( citiz5%ip to h] ,jews4 ,he also _c help believ+ t a nation :i* has produc$ su* a lit]ature z ,russia has produc$ dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s mu/ hold )9 its multitud9\s population a l>ge m9ority :i* is see?+ ) high aspirations & a f9e idealism4 ,= ! cl>ification ( ! public m9d on ! issue involv$1 x is important t ! limits ( ,am]ican neutrality %\ld be discuss$ & und]/ood4 ,! action ( ! ,gov]nm5t mu/ be neutral 9 ! be/ s5se2 b ,am]ican sympa?ies & hopes _c possibly be neutral1 = ! :ole hi/ory & pres5t /ate ( ,am]ican lib]ty =bids4 ,= ! pres5t1 ?9k+ ,am]icans c only try to appreciate ! scope & real issues ( ?is =midable convulsion1 & s be ready to seize e opportunity t may pres5t itself to fur!r ! cause ( human fre$om1 & ( peace at la/4 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,eliot4 ,a/ic\1 ,me41 ,sept4 #a1 #aiad4 ,appreciation f ,"l ,bryce ,late ,ambassador at ,wa%+ton f ,great ,brita92 ,*ief ,secret>y = ,irel&1 #aije-f2 au?or ( ,! ,am]ican ,commonweal?1 & ( /udies 9 hi/ory & biography4 ,x has be5 a great pleasure to see f y\r publi%$ lett]1 :i* has j rea*$ u1 t y s cle>ly und]/& ! motive & feel+s ) :i* ,great ,brita9 has ent]$ on ! pres5t w>4 ,nei!r comm]cial rivalry nor any fanci$ jeal\sy ( ,g]many's greatness has l$ u into x1 & to ! ,g]man p our p be> no ill-w :atev]4 ,along ) _m o!rs ,i h work$ /eadily dur+ long ye>s = ! ma9t5ance ( fri5d%ip ) ,g]many1 admir+ ! spl5did gifts ( ! ,g]man race1 & recogniz+ _! enorm\s s]vices to sci5ce1 philosophy1 & lit]ature4 ,we _h hop$1 z "s ?\ghtful /atesm5 9 ,g]many _h also hop$1 t by a cordial feel+ betwe5 ,g]many & ,brita9 ! peace ( ,europe might be secur$ & some?+ done to br+ ab\t p]man5tly bett] relations betwe5 ,g]many & h] two great neighbors ) :om we f\nd ourselves on fri5dly t]ms2 & we _h confid5tly look$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates to jo9 ) u 9 ?is task4 ,b ! action ( ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t 9 violat+ ! neutrality ( ,belgium :5 ,france _h assur$ u t %e w\ld respect x1 ! invasion ( a small ,/ate ^: neutrality & indep5d5ce %e & ,engl& _h jo9$ 9 gu>antee+1 evok$ 9 ?is c\ntry an almo/ unanim\s s5tim5t t ! fai? ( treaties & ! safety ( small ,/ates mu/ be protect$4 ,!re has be5 no w> = m ?an a c5tury--p]haps two c5turies--into :i* ! nation has ent]$ ) s g5]al a belief t its action is ju/ifi$4 ,we rejoice to be assur$ t ?is is ! g5]al feel+ ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^: op9ion we naturally value m ?an we d t ( any o!r p4 ,mo/ p]sons 9 ?is c\ntry1 includ+ all ^? :o "w = peace1 agree ) y 9 deplor+ ! va/ armam5ts :i* ,european ,/ates h be5 pil+ up1 & w hope ) y t aft] ?is w> !y may be r$uc$--& safely r$uc$--to sl5d] dim5sions4 ,_! exi/5ce is a con/ant m5ace to peace4 ,!y fo/] t _s ( milit>ism :i* has br\ght ^! horrors on ! _w2 = !y create 9 ! great c\ntries ( ! ,cont95t a l>ge & p[]ful milit>y & naval ca/e :i* lives = w>1 talks & writes incessantly ( w>1 & glorifies w> z a ?+ good 9 itself4 ,x is 7z y say7 to ! peoples t we mu/ h5ce=? look to safegu>d int]national concord4 ,!y be> ! mis]ies ( w>1 !y ought to h ! p[] to arre/ ! action ( ^? :o are hurry+ !m into x4 ,to get rid ( secret diplomacy is m difficult 9 ,europe ?an 9 ,am]ica1 ^: relations ) =eign ,/ates are few] & simpl]1 b :at y say ^u t subject also w f9d a sympa!tic e*o "h among ! fri5ds ( fre$om & ( peace4 ,i am always s9c]ely y\rs1 ,,james ,,bryce4 ,=e/ ,r[1 ,sussex1 ,sept4 #ag1 #aiad4 ,a ,reply by ,dr4 ,francke ,pr(essor ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,g]man ,culture at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity & ,curator ( ! ,g]manic ,museum2 au?or ( works on ,g]man lit]ature4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,9 8 lett] ( ,sept4 #a ,presid5t ,eliot expresses ! op9ion t 9 ! pres5t w> ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,russia are fight+ = fre$om & civilization4 ,& he adds3 ,x does n foll[ t ?9k+ ,am]icans w =get ! imm5se s]vices :i* ,g]many has r5d]$ to civilization dur+ ! la/ hundr$ ye>s1 or desire t h] p[] to s]ve lett]s1 sci5ce1 art1 & education %\ld be 9 ! lea/ abridg$ 9 ! outcome ( ?is w>1 ^u :i* %e has ent]$ s ra%ly & selfi%ly & 9 s b>b>\s a _s4 ,mo/ educat$ ,am]icans hope & believe t by defeat+ ! ,g]man b>b>\sness ! ,allies w only promote ! noble ,g]man civilization4 ,9 o!r words1 ,g]man milit>y & political p[] is to be cru%$ 9 ord] to set free ! ,g]man g5ius = sci5ce1 lit]ature1 & art4 ,x is int]e/+ to contra/ ) su* views z ^! ! foll[+ words ( ,goe!1 utt]$ 9 #ahac3 ,i h (t5 felt a bitt] grief at ! ?\ght ( ! ,g]man p1 :i* is s noble individually & s wret*$ z a :ole4 ,a comp>ison ( ! ,g]man p ) o!r nations gives u pa9ful feel+s1 :i* ,i try to ov]come by all possible means2 & 9 sci5ce & art ,i h f\nd ! w+s :i* lift me above !m4 ,b ! com=t :i* !y af=d is1 aft] all1 only a mis]able com=t1 & does n make up = ! pr\d consci\sness ( belong+ to a nation /rong1 respect$1 & fe>$4 ,h[ev]1 ,i am com=t$ by ! ?\ght ( ,g]many's future4 ,yes1 ! ,g]man p has a future4 ,! de/9y ( ! ,g]mans is n yet fulfill$4 ,! "t1 ! "r "t1 no human eye c =esee1 nor c human p[] ha/5 x on4 ,to u individuals1 mean:ile1 is x giv51 to e "o accord+ to 8 tal5ts1 8 incl9ations1 & 8 position1 to increase1 to /r5g!n1 & to spread national culture4 ,9 ord] t 9 ?is respect1 at lea/1 ,g]many may be ahead ( o!r nations & t ! national _s1 in/ead ( be+ /ifl$ & disc\rag$1 may be kept alive & hopeful & ready to rise 9 all its might :5 ! day ( glory dawns4 ,if ,i am n mi/ak51 ^! words ( ,g]many's greate/ poet express accurately :at ! ,g]man p dur+ ! la/ hundr$ ye>s has be5 /riv+ =--national culture & national pre-em95ce 9 e field ( human activity4 ,to advocate ! r$uction ( ,g]many to a l& ( isolat$ sci5ti/s1 poets1 arti/s1 & educators is tantam\nt to a call = ! de/ruction ( ! ,g]man ,nation4 ,,kuno ,,francke4 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,sept4 #e1 #aiad4 ,,dr4 ,,eliot',s ,,second ,,lett] ,! ,/\t & ,w>like ,bre$ ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,!re is no?+ new 9 ! obsession ( ! pr9cipal ,european nations t1 9 ord] to be great & successful 9 ! _w z x is1 !y mu/ possess milit>y p[] available = in/ant aggression on weak nations1 z well z = effective def5se aga9/ /rong ones4 ,:5 ,sir ,francis ,bacon wrote 8 essay on ,! ,true ,greatness ( ,k+doms & ,e/ates he rem>k$ t =ts1 ars5als1 goodly races ( horses1 armam5ts1 & ! l w\ld all be useless except ! bre$ & disposition ( ! p be /\t & w>like4 ,he d5i$ t money is ! s9ews ( w>1 giv+ pref]5ce to ! s9ews ( m5's arms1 & quot$ ,solon's rem>k to ,croesus1 ,sir1 if any o!r come t ha? bett] iron ?an y1 he w be ma/] ( all ?is gold--a truly ,bism>ckian proposition4 ,inde$1 ,sir ,francis ,bacon says explicitly t ! pr9cipal po9t ( greatness 9 any ,/ate is to h a race ( milit>y m54 ,goe!1 reflect+ on ! wret*$ness ( ! ,g]man p z a :ole1 f\nd no com=t 9 ! ,g]man g5ius = sci5ce1 lit]ature1 & art1 or only a mis]able com=t :i* does n make up = ! pr\d consci\sness ( belong+ to a nation /rong1 respect$1 & fe>$4 ,because ,g]many 9 8 "t 0 weak 9 ! milit>y s5se1 he c\ld write3 ,i h (t5 felt a bitt] grief at ! ?\ght ( ! ,g]man p1 :i* is s noble individually1 & s wret*$ z a :ole2 & he long$ = ! day :5 ! national _s1 kept alive & hopeful1 %\ld be ready to rise 9 all its might :5 ! day ( glory dawns4 ,! day ( glory 0 to be ! day ( milit>y p[]4 ,c>lyle said ( ,g]many & ,france 9 ,novemb]1 #ahgj1 t noble1 pati5t1 deep1 pi\s1 & solid ,g]many %\ld be at l5g? weld$ into a nation1 & become ,que5 ( ! ,cont95t1 in/ead ( vapor+1 va+lori\s1 ge/iculat+1 qu>relsome1 re/less1 & ov]s5sitive ,france1 seems to me t hopefule/ public fact t has occurr$ 9 my "t4 ,h[ did ,g]many atta9 to ?is position ( ,que5 ( ! ,cont95t8 ,by creat+ & ma9ta9+1 ) utmo/ intellig5ce & skill1 ! /ronge/ army 9 ,europe--an army :i* )9 six ye>s _h be5 us$ successfully aga9/ ,d5m>k1 ,au/ria1 & ,france4 ,g]many became ,que5 by virtue ( h] milit>y p[]4 ,9 ! same pap] ,c>lyle said ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 ( :i* he 0 himself ! great portray]3 ,i (t5 call t a cele/ial inf]nal ph5om5on1 ! mo/ memorable 9 our _w = a ?\s& ye>s2 on ! :ole1 a transc5d5t revolt aga9/ ! devil & 8 works1 7s9ce %ams are all & sundry ( ! devil1 & poison\s & un5durable to man47 ,n[1 ! ,fr5* ,revolution 0 an extraord9>y outbreak ( passionate feel+ & physical viol5ce on ! "p ( ! ,fr5* ,nation1 bo? at home & abroad2 & x l$ on to ! ,napoleonic w>s1 :i* 7 trem5d\s physical /ruggles = ma/]y 9 ,europe4 ,9 a rec5t public /atem5t two lead+ philosophical writ]s ( mod]n ,g]many1 ,pr(s4 ,euck5 & ,haeckel1 d5\nce ! brutal national egoism ( ,engl&1 :i* !y say recognizes no rights on ! "p ( o!rs1 &1 unconc]n$ ab\t morality or unmorality1 pursues only its own advantage2 & !y attribute to ,engl& ! purpose to h9d] at any co/ ! fur!r gr[? ( ,g]man greatness4 ,b :at are ! elem5ts ( t ,g]man greatness :i* ,engl& is det]m9$ to arre/ by jo9+ ,france & ,russia 9 w> aga9/ ,g]many & ,au/ria-,hung>y8 ,! ?ree elem5ts ( rec5t ,g]man greatness are ! ext5sion ( h] t]ritory2 contigu\s t]ritories 9 ,europe & 9 o!r cont95ts colonial possessions2 ! enl>gem5t ( ,g]man comm]ce & weal?1 & to ^! ends ! firm e/abli%m5t ( h] milit>y supremacy 9 ,europe4 ,^! are ! ideas on ! true greatness ( nations :i* h prevail$ 9 ! rul+ olig>*y ( ,g]many = at lea/ sixty ye>s1 & n[ seem to h be5 accept$1 or acquiesc$ 91 by ! :ole ,g]man p4 ,9 ?is view1 ! f\ndation ( national greatness is fight+ p[]4 ,?is conception ( national greatness has prevail$ at _m diff]5t epo*s--,mac$onian1 ,roman1 ,s>ac51 ,spani%1 ,engli%1 & ,fr5*--&1 inde$1 has appe>$ f "t to "t 9 almo/ all ! nations & tribes ( ! e>?2 b ! civiliz$ _w is n[ look+ = bett] f\ndations ( national greatness ?an =ce & fight+4 ,! p>tial successes ( democracy 9 ,europe h mu* increas$ ! evils ( w>4 ,sir ,francis ,bacon look$ = a fight+ class2 "u ! feudal sy/em :5 a ,b>on w5t to w> he took ) him 8 vassals1 or t portion ( !m t c\ld be sp>$ f ! fields at home4 ,univ]sal conscription is a mod]n inv5tion1 ! horrors ( :i*1 z n[ exhibit$ 9 ,g]many1 ,au/ria-,hung>y1 & ,france1 mu* exce$ ^? ( e>li] m>tial me?ods4 ,!re has nev] be5 su* an int]ruption ( agricultural & indu/rial production1 or su* a r5d+ ( family ties 9 consequ5ce ( w> z is n[ tak+ place 9 ! great] "p ( ,europe4 ,moreov]1 mank9d has nev] be=e _h ! use ( su* de/ructive implem5ts z ! ma*9e gun1 ! torp$o1 & ! dynamite bomb4 ,! progress ( sci5ce has mu* increas$ ! pot5tial de/ructiv5ess ( w>f>e4 ,?9k+ p 9 all ! civiliz$ c\ntries are ask+ !mselves :at ! fundam5tal tr\ble ) civilization is1 & :]e to look = means ( escape f ! pres5t intol]able conditions4 ,*ri/ianity 9 n9ete5 c5turies has af=d$ no relief4 ,! s-call$ mitigations ( w> are comp>atively trivial4 ,! rec5t ,balkan w>s 7 z f]oci\s z ^? ( ,alex&]4 ,! ,g]man aviators drop aimless bombs at night into cities occupi$ *iefly by non-combatants4 ,! ,nor? ,sea is /rewn ) float+ m9es :i* may de/roy fi%+1 freight1 or pass5g] vessels ( any nation1 neutral or bellig]5t1 :i* h bus9ess on t sea4 ,! ru?less de/ruction ( ! ,l\va9 ,libr>y by ,g]man soldi]s rem9ds p :o h read hi/ory t ! de/roy]s ( ! ,alex&ria ,libr>y h ev] s9ce be5 call$ fanatics & b>b>ians4 ,! ,g]man ,army tries to compel un=tifi$ ,belgian cities & t[ns to pay huge ransoms to save !mselves f de/ruction--a me?od :i* ! ,b>b>y ,/ates1 inde$1 7 accu/om$ to use aga9/ _! ,*ri/ian neighbors1 b :i* has long be5 held to be a me?od appropriate only = brig&s & pirates--,greek1 ,sicilian1 ,syrian1 or ,*9ese4 ,:at ,is ,wrong ) ,civilization8 ,h[ c x be t ! ,gov]nm5t ( a civiliz$ ,/ate commits1 or p]mits 9 its ag5ts1 su* b>b>ities8 ,! fundam5tal reason seems to be t mo/ ( ! ,european nations /ill believe t national greatness dep5ds on ! possession & brutal use ( =ce1 & is to be ma9ta9$ & magnifi$ only by milit>y & naval p[]4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica !re are two l>ge communities--h]et(ore inspir$ *iefly by ideals ( ,engli% orig9--:i* h nev] ma9ta9$ conscript$ armies1 & h nev] =tifi$ aga9/ ea* o!r _! long fronti]--,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,bo? may fairly be call$ great peoples ev5 n[2 & bo? give ample promise = ! future4 ,nei!r ( ^! peoples lacks ! /\t & w>like quality ( :i* ,sir ,francis ,bacon spoke2 bo? h (t5 exhibit$ x4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates suff]$ = f\r ye>s f a civil w>1 *>act]iz$ by det]m9$ fight+1 9 indecisive battles1 9 :i* ! losses1 9 proportion to ! numb] ( m5 engag$1 7 (t5 mu* heavi] ?an any ?us f> report$ f ! pres5t battlefields 9 ,belgium & ,france4 ,!re be+ !n no lack ( m>tial _s 9 ^! two peoples1 x is an in/ructive ph5om5on t p[] to conqu] is n _! ideal ( national greatness4 ,mu* ! same ?+ may be said ( "s o!r self-gov]n+ con/itu5ts ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 su* z ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 & ,s\? ,africa4 ,!y1 too1 h a bett] ideal ( national greatness ?an t ( milit>y supremacy4 ,:at are ! real ambitions & hopes ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! p ( ,canada 9 reg>d to _! own future8 ,_! expectations ( greatness c]ta9ly are n bas$ on any conception ( inv9cible milit>y =ce1 or desire = ! physical means ( en=c+ _! own w on _! neighbors4 ,!y bo? believe 9 ! free commonweal?1 adm9i/]$ ju/ly1 & ) ! purpose ( secur+ = ea* individual all ! fre$om he c ex]cise )\t injury to 8 neighbors & ! collective well-be+4 ,!y desire = !mselves1 ea* = itself1 a /rong ,gov]nm5t1 equipp$ to p]=m its functions ) dignity1 c]ta9ty1 & effici5cy2 b !y wi% to h t ,gov]nm5t "u ! control ( ! delib]ate public op9ion ( free citiz5s1 & n "u ! control ( any ,prtorian ,gu>d1 ,olig>*ic ,c\ncil1 or ,g5]al ,/aff1 & !y insi/ t ! civil au?ority %\ld always control su* milit>y & police =ces z x may be necess>y to ma9ta9 = protective purposes4 ,true ,national ,greatness4 ,!y believe t ! *ief object ( gov]nm5t %\ld be ! promotion ( ! public welf>e by legislative & adm9i/rative means2 t ! processes ( gov]nm5t %\ld be op5 & visible1 & _! results be incessantly publi%$ = approval or disapproval4 ,!y believe t a nation becomes great ?r\gh indu/rial productiv5ess & ! result+ int]nal & ext]nal comm]ce1 ?r\gh ! gradual increase ( com=t & g5]al well-be+ 9 ! population1 & ?r\gh ! advancem5t ( sci5ce1 lett]s1 & art4 ,!y believe t education1 free int]c\rse ) o!r nations1 & religi\s en?usiasm & tol]ation are means ( national greatness1 & t 9 ! developm5t & use ( ^! means =ce has no place4 ,!y attribute national greatness 9 o!rs1 z well z 9 !mselves1 n to ! possession ( milit>y =ce1 b to ! advance ( ! p 9 fre$om1 indu/ry1 righte\sness1 & good-w4 ,!y believe t ! ideals ( fight+ p[] & dom9ation %\ld be replac$ by ! ideals ( peaceful competition 9 production & trade1 ( g5]\s rivalry 9 education1 sci5tific discov]y1 & ! f9e arts1 ( co-op]ation = mutual b5efit among nations diff]5t 9 size1 natural abilities1 & mat]ial res\rces1 & ( f$]ation among nations associat$ geographically or hi/orically1 or unit$ 9 ! pursuit ( "s common ends & 9 ! *]i%+ ( l hopes & aspirations4 ,!y ?9k t ! peace ( ! _w c be be/ promot$ by solemn public compacts betwe5 peoples--n ,pr9ces or ,cab9ets--compacts made to be kept1 /r5g!n$ by mutual s]vices & good (fices1 & wat*$ ov] by a p]man5t ,int]national ,judicial ,tribunal au?oriz$ to call on ! affiliat$ nations = :atev] =ce may be necess>y to induce ob$i5ce to its decrees4 ,w n ! civiliz$ _w le>n f ?is horrible ,european w>--! legitimate result ( ! policies ( ,bism>ck & 8 associates & disciples--t ^! democratic ideals con/itute ! rational sub/itute = ! imp]iali/ic ideal ( fight+ =ce z ! f\ndation ( national greatness8 ,! new ideals w /ill ne$ ! protection & support1 bo? )9 & )\t ea* nation1 ( a re/ra9$ public =ce1 act+ "u law1 national & int]national1 j z a sane m9d ne$s z its ag5t a s\nd & /rong body4 ,heal? & vigor w cont9ue to be ! safegu>ds ( morality1 ju/ice1 & m]cy4 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,eliot4 ,a/ic\1 ,me41 ,sept4 #ad1 #aiad4 ,,dr4 ,,eliot',s ,,?ird ,,lett]4 ,:y ,is ,am]ica ,anti-,g]man8 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,! num]\s pamphlets :i* ,g]man writ]s are n[ di/ribut+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! _m lett]s ab\t ! ,european w> :i* ,am]icans are n[ receiv+ f ,g]man & ,g]man-,am]ican fri5ds1 are conv9c+ ?\ghtful p 9 ?is c\ntry t ,am]ican public op9ion has "s weight ) ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t & p1 or1 at lea/1 "s int]e/ = !m2 b t ! reasons :i* det]m9e ,am]ican sympa?y ) ! ,allies1 r ?an ) ,g]many & ,au/ria-,hung>y1 are n und]/ood 9 ,g]many1 & are n always appreciat$ by p]sons ( ,g]man bir? :o h liv$ long 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x w\ld be a s]i\s mi/ake to suppose t ,am]icans feel any ho/ility or jeal\sy t[>d ,g]many1 or fail to recognize ! imm5se obligations "u :i* %e has plac$ all ! re/ ( ! _w1 al?\gh !y n[ feel t ! ,g]man ,nation has be5 go+ wrong 9 !oretical & practical politics = m ?an a hundr$ ye>s1 & is today reap+ ! consequ5ces ( h] own wrong-?9k+ & wrong-do+4 ,!re are _m important matt]s conc]n+ :i* ,am]ican sympa?y is /rongly ) ,g]many3 7#a7 ,! unification ( ,g]many1 :i* ,bism>ck & 8 co-work]s accompli%$1 naturally comm5d$ itself to ,am]icans1 ^: own c\ntry is a firm f$]ation ( _m m or less diff]5t ,/ates1 conta9+ m or less diff]5t peoples2 :ile mo/ ,am]icans did n approve ,bism>ck's me?ods & means1 !y cordially approv$ 8 accompli%m5t ( ,g]man unification2 7#b7 ,am]icans h felt unqualifi$ admiration = ! comm]cial & f9ancial gr[? ( ,g]many dur+ ! pa/ =ty ye>s1 believ+ x to be prim>ily ! fruit ( well-direct$ indu/ry & ent]prise2 7#c7 all educat$ ,am]icans feel /rong gratitude to ! ,g]man ,nation = its extraord9>y a*ievem5ts 9 lett]s1 sci5ce1 & education )9 ! la/ hundr$ ye>s4 ,jeal\sy ( ,g]many 9 ^! matt]s is absolutely =eign to ,am]ican ?\ght1 & t any ext]nal p[] or influ5ce %\ld und]take to re/rict or impair ,g]man progress 9 ^! respects w\ld seem to all ,am]icans intol]able1 &1 inde$ incr$ible2 7#d7 all ,am]icans :o h _h any exp]i5ce 9 ,gov]nm5tal or educational adm9i/ration recognize ! fact1 t ,g]man adm9i/ration--bo? 9 peace & 9 w>--is ! mo/ effici5t 9 ! _w1 & = t effici5cy !y feel no?+ b respect & admiration1 unless ! effici5cy requires an inexp$i5t suppression or re/riction ( individual lib]ty2 7#e7 ,am]icans sympa?ize ) a unanim\s popul> s5tim5t 9 favor ( a w> :i* ! p believe to be ess5tial to ! greatness1 & ev5 ! safety1 ( _! c\ntry--a s5tim5t :i* prompts to family & prop]ty sacrifices v di/ress+ at ! mom5t1 & irrem$iable 9 ! future2 & !y believe t ! ,g]man p today are inspir$ by j su* an ov]:elm+ s5tim5t4 ,h[ is x1 !n1 t1 ) all ^! /rong ,am]ican feel+s t5d+ to make !m sympa?ize ) ! ,g]man p 9 good times or bad1 9 peace or 9 w>1 ! :ole weight ( ,am]ican op9ion is on ! side ( ! ,allies 9 ! pres5t w>8 ,! reasons are to be f\nd1 ( c\rse1 9 ! political & social hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican p1 & 9 its ,gov]nm5tal philosophy & practice today4 ,^! reasons h come out ( ! pa/1 & are intr5*$ 9 all ! pres5t ideals & practices ( ! ,am]ican ,commonweal?4 ,!y inevitably lead ,am]icans to object /rongly & irrevocably to c]ta9 ,g]man national practices ( great mom5t1 practices :i* are outgr[?s ( ,prussian !ories1 & exp]i5ces t h come to prevail 9 ,g]many dur+ ! pa/ hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 ! hope t ,am]ican public op9ion ab\t ! ,european w> may be a little bett] und]/ood abroad x seems wor? :ile to enum]ate ^? ,g]man practices :i* d n con=m to ,am]ican /&>ds 9 ! conduct ( public affairs3 7a7 ,am]icans object to ! committal ( a nation to grave measures ( =eign policy by a p]man5t ,executive--,cz>1 ,kais]1 or ,k+--advis$ 9 secret by pr(essional diplomati/s :o consid] !mselves ! p]sonal repres5tatives ( _! respective sov]eigns4 ,! ,am]ican p h no p]man5t ,executive1 & ! pr(ession ( diplomacy h>dly exi/s among !m4 ,9 ! conduct ( _! national affairs !y utt]ly di/ru/ secrecy1 & are accu/om$ to dem& & secure ! utmo/ publicity4 7b7 ,!y object to plac+ 9 any rul]'s h&s ! p[] to ord] mobilization or decl>e w> 9 advance ( delib]ate consultation ) a repres5tative assembly1 & ( co-op]ative action !reby4 ,! fact t ,g]man mobilization 0 ord]$ ?ree days 9 advance ( ! meet+ ( ! ,rei*/ag conf\nds all ,am]ican ideas & practices ab\t ! rights ( ! p & ! prop] limits ( ,executive au?ority4 7c7 ,! secrecy ( ,european diplomatic int]c\rse & ( int]national und]/&+s & t]ms ( alliance 9 ,europe is 9 ! view ( ord9>y ,am]icans n only inexp$i5t1 b dang]\s & unju/ifiable4 ,"u ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates no treaty negotiat$ by ! ,presid5t & 8 ,cab9et is valid until x has be5 publicly discuss$ & ratifi$ by ! ,s5ate4 ,dur+ ?is discussion ! p c make _! voice he>d ?r\gh ! press1 ! telegraph1 & ! telephone4 7d7 ,! reliance on milit>y =ce z ! f\ndation ( true national greatness seems to ?9k+ ,am]icans errone\s1 & 9 ! long run degrad+ to a ,*ri/ian nation4 ,!y conceive t ! ,unit$ ,/ates may fairly be call$ a great nation2 b t its greatness is due to intellectual & moral =ces act+ ?r\gh adequate mat]ial =ces & express$ 9 education1 public heal? & ord]1 agriculture1 manufactur+1 & comm]ce1 & ! result+ g5]al well-be+ ( ! p4 ,x has nev] 9 all its hi/ory organiz$ :at c\ld be call$ a /&+ or a conscript$ army2 &1 until tw5ty ye>s ago1 its navy 0 v small1 consid]+ ! l5g? ( its sea coa/s4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican p to make !m believe t ! true greatness ( nations dep5ds on milit>y p[]4 ,object to ,ext5sion by ,=ce4 7e7 ,!y object to ! ext5sion ( national t]ritory by =ce1 contr>y to ! wi%es ( ! population conc]n$4 ,?is objection is ! inevitable result ( democratic in/itutions2 & ! ,am]ican p h be5 fai?ful to ?is democratic op9ion "u circum/ances ( consid]able difficulty--z1 = example1 9 )draw+ f ,cuba1 ! ri* isl& :i* _h be5 occupi$ by ,am]ican troops dur+ ! %ort w> ) ,spa91 7#ahih17 & 9 ! refus+ to int]v5e by =ce 9 ,mexico = ! protection ( ,am]ican inve/ors1 :5 t contigu\s c\ntry 0 di/ract$ by factional fight+4 ,?is objection applies to long-pa/ acts ( ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t an well z to its proce$+s 9 ! pres5t w>--z1 = example1 to ! tak+ ( ,s*leswig-,hol/e9 & ,alsace-,lorra9e1 z well z to ! project$ occupation ( ,belgium4 7f7 ,am]icans object /r5u\sly to ! violation ( treaties betwe5 nations on ! allegation ( milit>y necessity or = any o!r reason :atev]4 ,!y believe t ! progress ( civilization w dep5d 9 future on ! g5]al acceptance ( ! sanctity ( contracts or solemn agreem5ts betwe5 nations & on ! developm5t by common cons5t ( int]national law4 ,! neutralization treaties1 ! arbitration treaties1 ,! ,hague ,conf]5ces1 & "s ( ! s]i\s attempts at m$iation1 al?\gh none ( !m g f> en\gh1 & _m ( !m h be5 rudely violat$ on occasion1 illu/rate a /rong t5d5cy 9 ! civiliz$ p>ts ( ! _w to prev5t int]national w>s by means ( agreem5ts delib]ately made 9 "t ( peace4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates has propos$ & made m ( ^! agreem5ts ?an any o!r p[]1 has adh]$ to !m1 & pr(it$ by !m4 ,"u "o su* agreem5t1 made ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s ago1 ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates h avoid$ =ts & armam5ts aga9/ ea* o!r1 al?\gh !y h _h s]i\s diff]5ces ( op9ion & cla%es ( int]e/s1 & ! fronti] is #c1jjj miles long & = ! mo/ "p )\t natural b>ri]s4 ,*]i%+ ! hope t ! peace ( ,europe & ! rights ( its peoples may be secur$ ?r\gh solemn compacts1 7:i* %\ld include ! e/abli%m5t ( a p]man5t int]national judicial tribunal1 support$ by an int]national =ce17 ,am]icans see1 9 ! treatm5t by ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,belgian neutralization treaty z no?+ b a piece ( pap] :i* might be torn up on ! gr\nd ( milit>y necessity1 evid5ce ( ! adoption by ,g]many ( a retrograde policy ( ! mo/ al>m+ sort4 ,t s+le act on ! "p ( ,g]many--! violation ( ! neutral t]ritory ( ,belgium--w\ld h det]m9$ ,am]ican op9ion 9 favor ( ! ,allies1 if x _h /ood alone by itself--! reason be+ t ,am]ican hopes = ! peace & ord] ( ! _w are bas$ on ! sanctity ( treaties4 7g7 ,am]ican public op9ion1 h[ev]1 has be5 greatly %ock$ 9 o!r ways by ! ,g]man conduct ( ! w>4 ,! ,am]ican common p see no ju/ification = ! dropp+ ( bombs1 to :i* no specific aim c be giv51 into cities & t[ns *iefly inhabit$ by non-combatants1 ! burn+ or bl[+ up ( l>ge portions ( un=tifi$ t[ns & cities1 ! de/ruction ( preci\s monum5ts & treasuries ( art1 ! /rew+ ( float+ m9es ?r\gh ! ,nor? ,sea1 ! exact+ ( ransoms f cities & t[ns "u ?reat ( de/roy+ !m1 & ! hold+ ( un>m$ citiz5s z ho/ages = ! peaceable behavior ( a l>ge population "u ?reat ( summ>y execution ( ! ho/ages 9 case ( any disord]4 ,all ^! seem to ,am]icans unnecess>y1 inexp$i5t1 & unju/ifiable me?ods ( w>f>e1 sure to bre$ hatr$ & contempt t[>d ! nation t uses !m1 & !re=e to make x difficult = future g5]ations to ma9ta9 peace & ord] 9 ,europe4 ,!y _c help imag9+ ! losses civilization w\ld suff] if ! ,russians %\ld ev] c>ry into ,we/]n ,europe ! k9d ( w> :i* ! ,g]mans are n[ wag+ 9 ,belgium & ,france4 ,!y h suppos$ t w> 0 to be wag$ 9 ?is c5tury only aga9/ public1 arm$ =ces & _! supplies & %elt]s4 ,^! op9ions & prepossessions on ! "p ( ! ,am]ican p h obvi\sly gr[n out ( ! ideals :i* ! e>ly ,engli% coloni/s c>ri$ ) !m to ! ,am]ican wild]ness 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 out ( ! long fight+ & public discussion :i* prec$$ ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & out ( ! peculi> exp]i5ces ( ! free ,commonweal?s :i* make up ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z !y h spread across ! almo/ un9habit$ cont95t dur+ ! pa/ #abe ye>s4 ,! exp]i5ce & ! situation ( mod]n ,g]many h be5 utt]ly diff]5t4 ,g]many 0 divid$ = c5turies into discordant p>ts1 _h ambiti\s & m>tial neighbors1 & (t5 felt ! weight ( _! attacks4 ,out ( w> came accessions ( t]ritory = ,prussia1 & at la/ ,g]man unity4 ,! reliance ( intellig5t & patriotic ,g]many on milit>y =ce z ! basis ( national greatness is a natural result ( its exp]i5ces4 ,am]icans1 h[ev]1 believe t ?is reliance is uns\nd bo? !oretically & practically4 ,! w>s 9 ,europe s9ce #ahgj-ga1 ! _m ?reat5+s ( w>1 & ! pres5t cata/rophe seem to ,am]icans to demon/rate t no am\nt ( milit>y prep>$ness on ! "p ( ! nations ( ,europe c possibly keep ! peace ( ! ,cont95t1 or inde$ prev5t frequ5t explosions ( de/ructive w>f>e4 ,!y ?9k1 too1 t prep>ation = w> on ! "p ( ,g]many bett] ?an any ( h] neighbors c make w n keep h] at peace or protect h] f invasion1 ev5 if ?is bett] prep>ation include advantages ( detail :i* h be5 successfully kept secret4 ,all ! nations :i* surr\nd ,g]many are capable ( develop+ a /rong fight+ _s2 & all ! c\ntries ( ,europe1 except ,engl& & ,russia1 possess ! means ( quickly assembl+ & gett+ into action great bodies ( m54 ,9 o!r words1 all ! ,european ,/ates are capable ( develop+ a passionate patriotism1 & all possess ! railroads1 roads1 conveyances1 telegraphs1 & telephones :i* make rapid mobilization possible4 ,no p]fection ( milit>y =ces1 & no am\nt ( previ\s /udy ( feasible campaigns aga9/ neighbors1 c give peaceful security to ,g]many 9 ! pres5t condition ( ! great ,european ,/ates4 ,9 ! actual developm5t ( weapons & munitions1 & ( ! art ( quick intr5*+1 ! attack+ =ce 9 battle on l& is at a great disadvantage 9 comp>ison ) ! =ce on ! def5sive4 ,t means indecisive battles & ultimately an indecisive w>1 unless ea* p>ty is resolv$ to pu% ! w> to ! utt] exhau/ion & humiliation ( ! o!r--a long process :i* involves incalculable losses & wa/es & endless mis]ies4 ,am]icans h always be=e !m ! memory ( _! f\r ye>s' civil w>1 :i*1 al?\gh resolutely prosecut$ on bo? sides1 c\ld n be br\ght to a close until ! res\rces ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 9 m5 & mat]ial 7 exhau/$4 ,9 t dreadful process ! :ole capital ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 0 wip$ out4 ,b ,"o ,possible ,issue4 ,n[ t ! sudd5 attack on ,p>is has fail$1 & adequate "t has be5 secur$ to summon ! sl[]-mov+ =ces ( ,russia & ,engl&1 & ^! two resolute & p]si/5t peoples h decid$ to use all _! spiritual & mat]ial =ces 9 co-op]ation ) ,france aga9/ ,g]many1 ?\ghtful ,am]icans c see b "o possible issue ( ! /ruggle1 :e!r x be long or %ort1 namely1 ! defeat ( ,g]many & ,au/ria-,hung>y 9 _! pres5t und]tak+s1 & ! ab&onm5t by bo? peoples ( ! doctr9e t _! salvation dep5ds on milit>ism & ! ma9t5ance ( autocratic ,executives intru/$ ) ! p[] & ! means to make sudd5 w>4 ,!y believe t no human be+ %\ld ev] be tru/$ ) su* p[]4 ,! alt]native is1 ( c\rse1 g5u9e con/itutional gov]nm5t1 ) ! milit>y p[] subject to ! civil p[]4 ,! ,am]ican p grieve ov] ! fruitless sacrifices ( life1 prop]ty1 & ! natural human joys :i* ! ,g]man p are mak+ to a wrong & impossible ideal ( national p[] & welf>e4 ,! sacrifices :i* ,g]many is impos+ on ! ,allies are fe>fully heavy1 b !re is reason to hope t ^! w n be fruitless1 = out ( !m may come great ga9s = lib]ty & peace 9 ,europe4 ,all exp]i5c$ read]s on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic are well aw>e t n9e-t5?s ( all ! reports !y get ab\t ! w> come f ,engli% & ,fr5* s\rces1 & ?is k makes !m c>eful n to =m judgm5ts ab\t details until ! ev5ts & de$s tell _! own /ory4 ,!y _c ev5 tell to :i* side victory incl9es 9 a long1 f>-ext5d$ battle until recognizable *anges 9 ! positions ( ! combatants %[ :at ! successes or failures mu/ h be54 ,! ,engli% & ,fr5* w9 "s advantage s f> z ! =mation ( public op9ion 9 ?is c\ntry is conc]n$1 because ^? two ,gov]nm5ts s5d hi!r (ficial reports on curr5t ev5ts m frequ5tly ?an ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t does1 & ) m corroborative details4 ,! am\nt ( secrecy ) :i* ! campaign is surr\nd$ on bo? sides is1 h[ev]1 a new & unwelcome exp]i5ce = bo? ! ,engli% & ! ,am]ican public4 ,g]man ,ignorance ( ,ev5ts4 ,! pamphlets by ,g]man publici/s & m5 ( lett]s :i* are n[ com+ to ?is c\ntry1 & ! v>i\s simil> publications writt5 "h1 seem to indicate t ! ,g]man public is /ill kept by its ,gov]nm5t 9 ignorance ab\t ! real antec$5ts ( ! w> & ab\t _m ( ! incid5ts & aspects ( ! port5t\s combat4 ,^! docum5ts seem to ,am]icans to conta9 a l>ge am\nt ( mis9=mation ab\t ! attack ( ,au/ria-,hung>y on ,s]via1 ! diplomatic negotiations & ! correspond5ce betwe5 ! sov]eigns :i* imm$iately prec$$ ! w>1 & ! /ate ( m9d ( ! ,belgian & ,engli% peoples4 ,am]ican believ]s 9 ! good s5se & good feel+ ( ! common p naturally imag9e1 :5 an awful calamity befalls a nation1 t ! p _c h be5 w>n$ ( its approa*1 else !y w\ld h avoid$ x4 ,9 ?is case !y fe> t ! ,emp]or1 ! ,*ancell]y1 & ! ,g5]al ,/aff h !mselves be5 mis9=m$ 9 important respects1 h made s]i\s miscalculations :i* !y are propos+ to conceal z long z possible1 & are n tak+ ! common p into _! confid5ce4 ,am]ican sympa?ies are ) ! ,g]man p 9 _! suff]+s & losses1 b n ) _! rul]s1 or ) ! milit>y class1 or ) ! pr(essors & m5 ( lett]s :o h be5 tea*+ = m ?an a g5]ation t might makes "r4 ,t %ort phrase conta9s ! fundam5tal fallacy :i* = fifty ye>s has be5 poison+ ! spr+s ( ,g]man ?\ght & ,g]man policy on public affairs4 ,dread ( ! ,muscovite does n seem to ,am]icans a reasonable explanation ( ! pres5t actions ( ,g]many & ,au/ria-,hung>y1 except s f> z irrational panic c be said to be an explanation4 ,aga9/ possible1 ?\gh n probable1 ,russian aggression1 a firm def5sive alliance ( all ,we/]n ,europe w\ld be a mu* bett] protection ?an ! s+le might ( ,g]many4 ,x 7 easy to imag9e also two new buff] ,/ates--a recon/ruct$ ,pol& & a ,balkan ,conf$]ation4 ,z to ,fr5* rev5ge1 x is ! inevitable & praisewor?y consequ5ce ( ,g]many's treatm5t ( ,france 9 #ahgj-ga4 ,! great success ( ,g]many 9 exp&+ h] comm]ce dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s makes x h>d = ,am]icans to und]/& ! hot indignation ( ! ,g]mans aga9/ ! ,briti% because ( :atev] ineffective opposition ,great ,brita9 may h (f]$ to t expansion4 ,no am\nt ( comm]cial selfi%ness on ! "p ( insul> ,engl& c ju/ify ,g]many 9 attempt+ to seize supreme p[] 9 ,europe & !nce1 p]haps1 9 ! _w4 ,f9ally1 ,am]icans hope & expect t !re w be no su* fatal issue ( ! pres5t /ruggle z ! de/ruction or ru9 ( ! ,g]man ,nation4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y believe t ,g]many w be fre]1 happi]1 & great] ?an ev] :5 once %e has got rid ( ! mon/r\s ,bism>ck policies & ! ,emp]or's ar*aic conception ( 8 function1 & has enjoy$ tw5ty ye>s ( real peace4 ,y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,eliot4 ,a/ic\1 ,me41 ,sept4 #bh1 #aiad4 ,dr4 ,d]nburg's ,reply to ! ,?ird ,lett] ,late ,g]man ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ! ,colonies2 liv$ = sev]al ye>s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z memb] ( ! bank+ firm ( ,lad5burg1 ,?almann ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,pr(4 ,eliot is conf]r+ a great favor on ! expon5ts ( ! ,g]man side 9 ! pres5t /ruggle 9 expla9+ to !m :at he ?9ks ( ! s-call$ anti-,g]man feel+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i am sure 8 views w be read also 9 ,g]many ) a great deal ( att5tion1 al?\gh he w c]ta9ly n rema9 un*all5g$ 9 ne>ly all ess5tial po9ts4 ,! complim5t t ,pr(4 ,eliot pays to ! ,g]man p z a :ole mu/ be specially appreciat$1 ! m s z x comes f a sci5ti/ ^: great au?ority is equally recogniz$ on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic4 ,! anti-,g]man feel+1 accord+ to ,pr(4 ,eliot1 takes its s\rce f ! ,am]ican objection to ! committal ( a nation to grave mi/akes by a p]man5t ,executive4 ,b !n1 ) ! exception ( ,france1 all ! w>r+ nations h p]man5t ,executives1 pr(essional diplomati/s2 all _! affairs are conduct$ 9 secret1 & all _! rul]s h ! p[]1 includ+ ! ,presid5t ( ,france1 to embroil _! nations 9 w>4 ,! ,g]man ,emp]or is 9 ?is respect c]ta9ly m re/rict$ ?an ! o!r heads ( ,/ate1 & ,i h n read t ! decl>ation ( w> has be5 expressly sanction$ by ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t1 & c]ta9ly ! mobilization ( ! ,engli% fleet t took place 9 ,july1 & ! mobilization ( ! ,russian ,army t took place at ! same "t1 h n ev5 be5 br\ght to ! k ( ! respective ,p>liam5ts4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! same conditions prevail 9 all ! w>r+ ,/ates1 h[ c !y be made ! reason = su* an anti-,g]man feel+8 ,! same objection holds good ) ! ,am]ican antipa?y aga9/ ! p[] ( rul]s to ord] mobilization or decl>e w> 9 advance )\t consultation ( ,p>liam5t1 to :i* ,i h only to say t ! ,engli% fleet 0 mobiliz$ )\t consult+ ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t1 :ile 9 ,g]many ! ,bundesrat1 ! repres5tatives ( ! ,f$]al ,/ates1 z well z ( ! ,f$]al ,diets1 has be5 duly consult$4 ,i may add t also ! p>ty lead]s ( ! ,rei*/ag1 :i* c\ld n be convok$ e>li] ?an two days aft] ! decl>ation ( ! w>1 h be5 cont9u\sly in=m$ & consult$4 ,aga9/ ! next p>agraph1 :]e ,pr(4 ,eliot compla9s ( ! secrecy ( ,european diplomacy & ( int]national treaties & und]/&+s1 ! same objection mu/ be made4 ,! /ate describ$ "h z p>ticul> to ,g]many prevails 9 all ,european c\ntries1 & nei!r ! treaty ( ! ,russian-,fr5* alliance1 nor ! arrangem5ts ( ! ,triple ,ent5te h ev] be5 submitt$ to ! ,fr5* or ,briti% ,p>liam5ts4 ,z reg>ds ! ,am]ican attitude t[>d armam5ts1 ,i purposely refra9 f adduc+ ! ,am]ican example into my argum5t1 mu* z ,i c\ld %[ t ) a v l>ge "p ( ! ,am]ican ,nation ! idea ( def5d+ ! ,am]ican coa/ aga9/ any invad] & ! ma9t5ance ( a /rong ,pan-,am]ican policy1 if ne$ be by arms1 is j z fix$ a t5et z ! ,g]man idea t ! ,fa!rl& %\ld be held safe f invasion or de/ruction by ! w & ! /r5g? ( its p4 ,engl& has always held ! same1 if n ?r\gh h] army s ?r\gh h] navy1 & s did ! re/ ( ,europe2 & !re is no argum5t to be gott5 f t = an anti-,g]man feel+4 ,no ,seizure ( ,s*leswig-,hol/e94 ,am]icans object to ! ext5sion ( t]ritory by =ce4 ,g]many has nev] done t1 ev5 if "o goes back z f> z ,pr(4 ,eliot wi%es to g4 ,mr4 ,eliot is absolutely mi/ak5 z to ! hi/ory ( ! incorporation ( ,s*leswig-,hol/e9 into ,prussia4 ,s*leswig-,hol/e9 0 a ,dual-,duk$om t nev] belong$ to ,d5m>k1 b hav+ z its ,duke ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k z long z he belong$ to ! eld] l9e ( ! ,h\se ( ,old5burg4 ,?is eld] l9e 0 ext9ct :5 ,k+ ,*ri/ian ,,viii4 di$ )\t male issue4 ,8 successor want$ to incorporate ! two ,g]man ,duk$oms into ,d5m>k4 ,!n ! p /ood up & express$ ! desire to rema9 ) ! ,g]man ,f$]ation1 to :i* x _h always belong$1 & !re x is n[1 ( its own free w4 ,! natural divid+ l9e betwe5 ,d5m>k & ,g]many1 h[ev]1 is ! ,riv] ,eid]4 ,!re are ab\t #cj1jjj ,danes s\? ( ! ,eid]1 :o h be5 absorb$ aga9/ _! w1 a ?+ t c nev] be avoid$1 & t has sometimes giv5 ,prussia a little tr\ble4 ,alsace-,lorra9e ,orig9ally ,g]man4 ,z to ,alsace-,lorra9e1 ! facts are kn[n to be t x _h belong$ to ,g]many until x _h be5 tak51 aga9/ ! w ( ! p1 by ,france "u ,l\is ,,xiv41 & x 0 return$ to ,g]many z a matt] ( "r1 m ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! population be+ ( ,g]man desc5t & speak+ ! ,g]man language4 ,b let me ask 9 return1 ,mr4 ,eliot1 :5 did ev] 9 h] political c>e] ,engl& consult ! w ( ! p :5 %e took a c\ntry8 ,c he say t1 :5 ,engl& tore ! treaty ( ,majuba ,hill1 l a scrap ( pap]1 & made w> on ! ,bo]s8 ,did %e consult ! p ( ,cyprus 9 #ahgh8 ,does he "k ( any plbiscite 9 ,india8 ,has %e consult$ ! ,p]sians1 or has ,france consult$ ! p ( ,morocco1 or ( ,indo-,*9a1 ,italy ! p ( ,tripoli8 ,s9ce ,g]many has n act$ "h 9 any o!r way =ty ye>s ago ?an all ! o!r nations1 :y does ,dr4 ,eliot consid] ! ,am]ican p ju/ifi$ 9 tak+ anti-,g]man views = reasons ( su* an old date1 :ile he =gives ! nations ( ! p>ty he favors = mu* m rec5t infr+em5t ( 8 rule8 ,am]icans object to ! violation ( treaties4 ,s d ! ,g]mans4 ,we h always kept our treaties1 & mean to d s 9 ! future4 ,! fact ) ,belgium is t h] neutrality 0 v "o-sid$2 t1 z c be prov$1 z e>ly z ! #be? ( ,june1 ,lige 0 full ( ,fr5* soldi]s1 t ,belgian =tifications 7 all direct$ aga9/ ,g]many1 & t = ye>s pa/ x 0 ! ,belgian press t outdid ! ,fr5* press 9 attacks aga9/ ,g]many4 ,b ,i c give ,mr4 ,eliot "h "s au?ority t he has s f> n *all5g$4 ,:5 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey pres5t$ ! ,engli% case 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ! #c;d ( ,augu/ he decl>$ t ! ,briti% attitude 0 laid d[n by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t 9 #ahgj1 & he v]bally cit$ ,mr4 ,glad/one's spee*1 9 :i* he said he c\ld n subscribe to ! ass]tion t ! simple fact ( ! exi/5ce ( a gu>antee 0 b9d+ on e p>ty1 irrespective altoge!r ( ! p>ticul> position 9 :i* x may f9d itself at ! "t :5 ! occasion = act+ on ! gu>antee arises4 ,he call$ t ass]tion a /r+5t & impracticable view ( ! gu>antee & ! :ole treaty a complicat$ "q4 ,s ,mr4 ,glad/one1 & ) him ,sir ,edw>d ,grey1 has held ! ,belgian neutrality treaty n b9d+ on e p>ty1 :5 x 0 aga9/ ! int]e/ :i* ! p>ticul> situation dictat$1 :5 ! w> broke out4 ,x 0 ! int]e/ ( ,great ,brita9 to ma9ta9 ! treaty1 & t is :y %e act$4 ,x 0 aga9/ ,g]man int]e/ to ma9ta9 ! treaty1 & t is :y %e broke x4 ,t is ! ,briti% & n ! ,g]man !ory1 & ,i c\ld v well re/ my case "h4 ,my !ory is ) ! ,g]man ,*ancellor1 t ,i greatly regret ! necessity ( violat+ ! ,belgian neutrality1 aft] ,belgium _h *os5 to repel ! ,g]man ov]tures = a free passage4 ,x is q c]ta9 t ! brea* ( ! ,belgian neutrality by ,g]many 0 us$ 9 ,great ,brita9 z a p[]ful in/rum5t to influ5ce ! public s5tim5t4 ,e w> mu/ be borne by national unity1 & x is ! duty ( ! nation's lead]s to secure su* unity by all practicable means4 ,b has x be5 =gott5 t ! attitude ( ,sir ,edw>d ,grey caus$ su* excell5t m5 z ,"l ,morley1 ,john ,burns1 & ,sir ,john ,trevelyan to leave ! ,cab9et1 :]e !y 7 look$ ^u z ! be/ & mo/ lib]al memb]s ( ! rul+ comb9ation8 ,b]n>d ,%aw says ( ,great ,brita9 t %e has nev] be5 at a loss = an effective moral attitude4 ,su* an attitude is a p[]ful weapon 9 diplomatical & actual w>f>e1 & x mu/ be resort$ to1 if ! necessity arises4 ,b t _c bl9d u to ! fact t ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t all[$ ! political int]e/ to be ! p>am\nt consid]ation 9 ?is ,belgian neutrality matt]4 ,! ,g]man int]e/ = n act+ on ! gu>antee 0 j z /rong z ! ,engli% to act = x4 ,! pro( is f\nd 9 ! ,engli% ,:ite ,pap]4 ,i cite ! fam\s repr9t ( ,,! ,,times1 7,dispat* ,no4 #adh ( ,aug4 #b to ,p>is47 ,"h ,sir ,edw>d ,grey says3 ,we 7 consid]+ 444 :e!r we %\ld decl>e violation ( ,belgian neutrality to be a casus belli4 ,treaties ,mu/ ,n ,be ,ov]rat$4 ,i am an ard5t believ] 9 all int]national arrangem5ts to prev5t difficulties & w>s betwe5 nations1 & ,i rejoice ) ! ,am]ican p 9 ! signal success ?is policy is n[ hav+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,b int]national treaties mu/ n be ov]rat$4 ,!re are que/ions :i* _c be settl$ by !m4 ,x is too difficult to expla9 j ! nature ( su* situations z arose 9 ,europe1 s ,i may be p]mitt$ = once to ask ?is "q3 ,does ,pr(4 ,eliot believe t ! majority ( ! ,am]ican p ?9k t ! unwritt5 ,monroe ,doctr9e c\ld be made ! subject ( arbitration1 :e!r x _h a "r to exi/ or to be en=c$8 ,i mu/ emphatically say1 ,no1 x c\ld n4 ,x c be z little arbitrat$ ^u z a matt] ( religion or ( p]sonal morals4 ,mr4 ,eliot ?9ks a happy result ( ! w> w\ld be t ,am]ican in/itutions %\ld prevail 9 ,g]many !reaft]4 ,:y %\ld ,g]many only become a repres5tative republic8 ,does he n dem& ! same reg>d+ ,russia1 ,engl&1 ,italy1 ,au/ria1 & ,japan8 ,& if n1 :y n8 ,f all ?is ,i fail to see ! po9t 9 ! reasons giv5 by ,pr(4 ,eliot :y fair-m9d$ ,am]icans %\ld side ) ! ,allies because ! objections made aga9/ ,g]man proc$ure1 d[n to ! brea* ( ! ,belgian neutrality1 mu/ be made aga9/ all o!r ,european ,/ates4 ,briti% hi/ory is j teem+ ) examples ( brok5 treaties & torn scraps ( pap]4 ,! *as+ ( ,g]man diplomatic repres5tatives out ( neutral ,egypt is a case 9 po9t4 ,i mu/ insi/ t :atev] anti-,g]man feel+ !re is is n fully expla9$ by ,pr(4 ,eliot1 & 8 article _c be made a code by :i* ,g]man behavior c\ld be regulat$ 9 ! future4 ,pr(4 ,eliot is a s*ol>2 bus9ess int]e/s d n come v ne> him4 ,s he is especially conc]n$ ) ! e?ical aspect ( ! matt]4 ,he believes ! ,g]mans ?9k t might is "r4 ,?is is v unju/4 ,our hi/ory proves t we h nev] act$ on ?is pr9ciple4 ,we h nev] got or attempt$ to get a _w empire su* z ,engl& has won1 all ( :i*1 ) a v few exceptions1 by might1 by w>1 & by conque/4 ,! ,g]man writ]s :o h exp\nd$ ?is doctr9e h only %[n h[ ! l>ge _w empires ( ,engl& & ,france 7 weld$ toge!r1 :at means h be5 adopt$ = t purpose1 & aga9/ :at sort ( political doctr9es we mu/ bew>e4 ,our ,sympa?y = ! ,"u ,dog4 ,z ,dr4 ,eliot makes 8 rem>ks = ! b5efit ( 8 ,g]man confrres1 may ,i be p]mitt$ to say to !m :at ,i consid] ! reason = ! ,am]ican attitude8 ,!re is1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! e?ical side4 ,am]icans h a v /rong s5se ( g5]osity1 & are1 z a rule1 v good sports4 ,!y ?9k ,belgium a small nation1 brutally attack$ by a mu* bigg] fell[2 !y feel t ! little man /&s up bravely & gamely1 & fights = all he is wor?4 ,su* a situation w always comm& ,am]ican sympa?y & antagonism aga9/ ! /rong]4 ,!n !re is ! bus9ess side4 ,am]icans feel t ?is w> is endang]+ _! political & comm]cial int]e/s1 s !y are naturally angry aga9/ ! p :o1 !y believe1 h br\ght ! w> ab\t4 ,z ,g]many has n _h an opportunity to make h]self he>d z amply z h] adv]s>ies1 !y ?9k t x 0 ,g]many :i* set ! _w afire1 & t is :at !y res5t1 & 9 :i* !y 7 ju/ifi$1 if x 7 true4 ,b ! "q ( ! h\r is n ! "q ( ! pa/1 b ( ! pres5t & ( ! future1 & ! p on ?is side :o w give ,g]many fair play because x is j 9 !m w exam9e ! situation 9 ! light ( _! int]e/s4 ,!n !y w f9d t ,belgium _h be5 9 league ) ! ,allies long be=e ! conflagration broke out1 only to be left to its own res\rces :5 ! critical h\r arose4 ,!y w fur!r f9d t x is n ,g]many b ,engl& & h] allies t are ?rottl+ comm]ce1 maim+ cables1 /opp+ mails1 & break+ neutrality & o!r treaties to fur!r _! aims2 t1 f9ally1 today ,engl& has e/abli%$ a _w rule on ! sea to :i* ev5 ,am]ica mu/ submit4 ,!y w !n soon come to ! conclusion t1 no matt] :at happ5$ 9 ! pa/1 ! peace ( ! _w c only be assur$ by a good und]/&+ betwe5 ,g]many & ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a sort ( c\nt]balance aga9/ ! unmeasur$ aggr&izem5t ( ,engli% sea p[]4 ,!n ! feel+ t[>d ,g]many w be consid]ably bett]1 & ,i may add t ev5 n[ x is n s v bad aft] all4 ,i make ^! rem>ks ) due respect to ,pr(4 ,eliot & 8 views1 & ) great reluctance = be+ compell$ to ent] ! field aga9/ a p]sonality ^: und\bt$ sup]iority ,i wi% to be ! fir/ to ackn[l$ge4 ,,b]nh>d ,,d]nburg4 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #d1 #aiad4 ,dr4 ,jordan's ,reply to ,dr4 ,d]nburg ,daniel ,jordan is ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,roman ,languages & ,lit]ature at ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,presid5t ,eliot is z fair a judge ( ! pres5t ,european situation z c be f\nd any:]e1 & is well qualifi$ to expla9 ! almo/ unanim\s attitude ( ?\ghtful ,am]icans 9 reg>d to ,g]many4 ,dr4 ,d]nburg1 on ! o!r h&1 has be5 (ficially s5t f ,g]many to exp\nd ! ,g]man (ficial v]sion2 bo? 8 po9t ( view & 8 treatm5t ( facts are ess5tially un-,am]ican4 ,he says3 ,am]icans object to ! ext5sion ( t]ritory by =ce4 ,g]many has nev] done t4 ,app>5tly he believes t ! ,poles ask$ ,prussia to become h] subjects4 ,! facts are t !y h f\ght & begg$ = autonomy = ne>ly #aej ye>s1 & t at ! pres5t "t high ,g]man (ficials are memb]s ( ! ,anti-,poli% ,league4 ,dr4 ,d]nburg1 :5 he comes to ,s*leswig-,hol/e91 /ates t #cj1jjj ,danes s\? ( ! ,eid] ,riv] 7?is is 9 ,hol/e97 h be5 absorb$ aga9/ _! w1 a ?+ t c nev] be avoid$1 & t has sometimes giv5 ,prussia a little tr\ble4 ,b :at ab\t ! ,danes nor? ( ! ,eid] ,riv]8 ,s*leswig & ,hol/e9 are really two prov9ces4 ,hol/e9 is ,g]man1 b ! nor!rn "p ( ,s*leswig1 nor? ( ,fi5sburg1 is inhabit$ by ,danes :o are long+ to jo9 ,d5m>k & :o numb] ab\t #bjj1jjj4 ,article #e ( ! ,treaty ( ,prague1 sign$ on ,aug4 #bc1 #ahff1 aft] ,sad[a1 betwe5 ,prussia & ,au/ria1 /ates t ! inhabitants ( ,nor!rn ,s*leswig %all be giv5 a *ance to jo9 ,d5m>k1 if !y %\ld s express ! desire by a free vote4 ,prussia has n respect$ ?is solemn promise any m ?an =m] promises conc]n+ ,s*leswig4 ,! frequ5tly r5ew$ prote/s ( ! annex$ ,danes h rema9$ unansw]$4 ,! be/ pro( t ,prussia's title to ,dani% ,s*leswig 0 n consid]$ z v sub/antial is t 9 ,octob]1 #ahgh1 ,prussia f9ally obta9$ f ,au/ria ! annulm5t ( ,article #e ( ! ,treaty ( ,prague1 :i* dealt ) ! tak+ ( a plbiscite 9 ,dani% ,s*leswig4 ,to decide ! fate ( a prov9ce )\t consult+ ! inhabitants seems p]fectly natural to ,g]man ,kultur1 b to ,am]icans x is n2 ! days ( slav]y h gone1 & :]ev] slav]y /ill exi/s x is "t to make a *ange4 ,z to ,alsace-,lorra9e1 says ,dr4 ,d]nburg1 ! facts are kn[n t x _h belong$ to ,g]many until x 0 tak5 by ,l\is ,,xiv41 aga9/ ! w ( ! p1 & t x 0 return$ to ,g]many z a matt] ( "r4 ,su* an argum5t is m$iaeval1 & x might j z well be argu$ t ,g]many %\ld n[ belong to ,france1 because ,g]many 0 once conqu]$1 civiliz$1 & organiz$ by inhabitants ( ,france1 l$ by _! ,franki% ,k+4 ,& x is n sure t 9 #afdh ,alsace 0 n glad to become ,fr5*1 because ,l\is ,,xiv41 by ! ,treaty ( ,we/phalia1 !n grant$ p]fect religi\s fre$om to ! ,alsatians1 :o unlike _! neighbors1 liv$ ev] s9ce )\t fe> ( religi\s p]secutions4 ,lorra9e itself 0 n annex$ by ,l\is ,,xiv41 nor by =ce1 z x 0 peacefully unit$ to ,france at ! dea? ( ,/anislas1 fa!r ( ! ,que5 ( ,france1 ,m>ie-,les9zka4 ,z = ! inhabitants ( ,metz1 !y 7 consid]$ long ago z ,fr5*4 ,metz 0 annex$ to ,france 9 #aeeb1 ) ! full cons5t ( ! !n allies ( ! ,fr5* ,k+1 ,h5ri ,,ii41 ! ,g]man ,pr9ces1 :o recogniz$ by ! ,treaty ( ,cateau-,cambresis1 7#aeei17 t ,metz1 ,t\l1 & ,v]dun 7 ,fr5* cities1 & c\ld n be consid]$ z a "p ( ! ,g]man ,conf$]ation4 ,s !re 7 at "o "t ,g]man ,pr9ces :o accept$ ! dogma ( ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$6 ,attack+ ! record ( ,engl& 9 ord] to def5d ! record ( ,g]many1 z ,dr4 ,d]nburg does1 is no ju/ification = ! necess>y ,g]man aggression ( today4 ,ev5 grant+ t ! ,engli% record is poor1 :i* is a matt] op5 to discussion1 two wrongs w\ld n make ?+s "r4 ,dr4 ,d]nburg also comp>es ! policy ( aggr&izem5t ( ,g]many 9 ,s*leswig1 ,alsace1 c41 ) t ( o!r c\ntries 9 ,morocco1 ,tripoli1 c4 ,ev5 s*ool *ildr5 "k t two ?+s :i* are entirely unlike mu/ n be comp>$4 ,nor!rn ,africa _h too long be5 a d5 ( pirates & brig&s1 & ,lat9 ,europe has r5d]$ an imm5se s]vice to ! _w 9 e/abli%+ ord] !re4 ,alg]ia has be5 conqu]$ 9 ! same way z ,morocco is n[ be+ conqu]$1 & h] natives enjoy m g5u9e lib]ty ?an !y ev] did be=e2 !y are ev5 will+ to fight z volunte]s = ! c\ntry !y consid] n[ z _! own4 ,nei!r ,dani% ,s*leswig nor ,alsace-,lorra9e1 :i* 7 z civiliz$ z any o!r ,european c\ntry :5 !y 7 la/ annex$1 c be comp>$ to ,morocco any m ?an to ! ,philipp9es4 ,s ?is comp>ison made by ,dr4 ,d]nburg also falls to pieces4 ,! case ( ! ,g]man po9t ( view is n entirely )\t hope4 ,9 ,,! ,,times ( ,oct4 #e ,dr4 ,d]nburg approves ! annexation ( ,hol/e9 because ! ,g]mans ( ,hol/e9 want$ to belong to ,g]many4 ,?is is a s\nd conclusion1 & ,dr4 ,d]nburg w d\btless ackn[l$ge lat]--bett] late ?an nev]--t ! ,alsatians & ! ,dani% ( ,s*leswig %\ld h _h _! say1 j l ! ,g]mans ( ,hol/e94 ,x _c be possible t to him ! wi% ( ! inhabitants ( a prov9ce is ! voice ( ,god :5 x suits ,g]many & ! voice ( ! devil :5 x suits somebody else4 ,,daniel ,,jordan4 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,nov4 #f1 #aiad4 ,dr4 ,ir5e ,s>g5t's ,reply to ,dr4 ,d]nburg ,pr(essor ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,syracuse ,univ]sity4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,contradict+ ,dr4 ,eliot1 ,dr4 ,b]nh>d ,d]nburg says3 ,s*leswig-,hol/e9 0 a dual ,duk$om t nev] belong$ to ,d5m>k2 b1 hav+ z its ,duke ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k1 z long z he belong$ to ! eld] l9e ( ! h\se ( ,old5burg 444 ,fr$]ick ,,vii4 want$ to incorporate ! two ,g]man ,duk$oms into ,d5m>k4444 ,!n ! p /ood up & express$ ! desire to rema9 ) ! ,g]man ,f$]ation4 ,su* an ass]tion is a summ>y1 inaccurate1 & unfair mann] ( deal+ ) p]haps ! mo/ complex s]ies ( diplomatic1 legal1 & racial que/ions t arose 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x w\ld appe> f ! be/ evid5ce t ,s*leswig 0 indissolubly unit$ ) ! ,cr[n ( ,d5m>k4 ,to ma9ta9 ?is pr9ciple ,*ri/ian ,,viii4 9 #ahdf issu$ lett]s pat5t decl>+ t ! royal l9e ( succession 7female7 0 9 full =ce1 z f> z ,s*leswig 0 conc]n$4 ,z to ,hol/e91 ! ,k+ /at$ t he 0 prev5t$ f giv+ an equally cle> decision1 & ! reason ( 8 hesitation lay 9 ! assumption t ! law ( ! ,salic ,saxons exclud+ wom5 f ! ?rone w\ld naturally prevail 9 ,hol/e91 :]e ! ,g]mans1 _! cu/oms1 & _! language 7 dom9ant4 ,two ye>s lat]1 ,prussia s\ght to re/ore h] pre/ige1 lo/ 9 ! ,revolution ( #ahdh1 by s5d+ troops into ! ,du*ies 9 ord] to en=ce ! pr9ciple t ?is t]ritory con/itut$ two indep5d5t & indivisible ,/ates1 ! gov]nm5t ( :i* 0 h]$it>y 9 ! male l9e alone4 ,! ,prussian troops 7 aft]w>d )drawn by ! hesitat+ ,fr$]ic ,william1 & !re foll[$ a succession ( protocols1 con/itutions1 & compacts until ! "t ( ,bism>ck1 :o1 9 8 ,reflections1 ,volume ,,ii41 ,page #aj1 9 writ+ ( ! ,du*ies1 ackn[l$ges3 ,f ! beg9n+ ,i kept annexation /eadily be=e my eyes4 ,! ma/] ( /atecraft conqu]$4 ,b did ! p /& up & express _! desire to rema9 ) ! ,g]man ,f$]ation1 z ,dr4 ,d]nburg ass]ts8 ,if 8 ass]tion be true1 :y 7 ! ,dani% optants subject$ to domicili>y visits1 p]quisitions1 arre/1 & expulsion8 ,& :y--only to m5tion "o in/ance ( espionage--did ! ,prussian police confiscate ! issue ( a ,dani% newspap] publi%$ 9 ,s*leswig because x conta9$ a ref]5ce to t ,du*y "u its hi/oric "n ( ,s\? ,jutl&8 ,! tru? /&s t ! :ole ,s*leswig-,hol/e9 "q is "o t involves ! mod]n pr9ciple ( nationality1 &1 z su*1 ent]s ( necessity into ! pres5t ,european crisis4 ,x is broadly und]/ood by ,dr4 ,eliot & willfully misappreh5d$ by 8 critic4 ,pass+ on to consid] ,alsace-,lorra9e1 ,dr4 ,d]nburg decl>es t x _h belong$ to ,g]many until x 0 tak51 aga9/ ! w ( ! p1 "u ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,9 ?is /atem5t1 z 9 ! treatm5t ( ! previ\s "q1 facts are mutilat$ & wrong impressions are giv54 ,alsace1 x is well kn[n1 0 includ$ )9 ! conf9es ( anci5t ,gaul1 its orig9al population 0 ,celtic1 & x pass$1 late 9 ! fif? ,*ri/ian c5tury1 "u ! rule ( ! ,franks1 "o ( ^: *iefta9s1 ,clovis1 became ! f\nd] ( ! fir/ ,fr5* mon>*y4 ,9 deal+ ) its lat] hi/ory ,dr4 ,d]nburg confuses ! ,holy ,roman 7,g]manic7 ,empire ) ,g]many1 consid]$ 9 its mod]n s5se4 ,he appe>s to =get t ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 0 an age ( absolutism & n ( plbiscites4 ,he also ignores t ! mo/ /r5u\s ef=ts on ! "p ( ,g]many to /rangle ! ,fr5* nationality & language 9 ! imp]ial t]ritory 7,alsace-,lorra9e7 h prov$ useless1 al?\gh !y h be5 ex]t$ con/antly = almo/ a half c5tury4 ,,ir5e ,,s>g5t4 ,pr(essor ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,syracuse ,univ]sity1 ,nov4 #c1 #aiad4 ,,dr4 ,,eliot',s ,,f\r? ,,lett]4 ,g]many & ,_w ,empire ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,ea* "o ( ! pr9cipal combatants 9 ,europe seems to be anxi\s to prove t x is n responsible = ?is cruele/1 mo/ ext5sive1 & mo/ de/ructive ( all w>s4 ,ea* ,gov]nm5t involv$ has publi%$ ! correspond5ce betwe5 its ,*ief ,executive & o!r ,*ief ,executives1 & betwe5 its ,*ancell]y or ,=eign ,(fice & ! equival5t bodies 9 ! o!r nations t h gone to w>1 & has be5 at pa9s to give a wide circulation to ^! docum5ts4 ,to be sure1 none ( ^! ,gov]nm5t publications seems to be absolutely complete4 ,!re seems to be 9 all ( !m suppressions or omissions :i* only ! future hi/orian w be able to report--p]haps aft] _m ye>s4 ,!y reveal1 h[ev]1 ! dilapidat$ /ate ( ! ,conc]t ( ,europe 9 ,july1 #aiad1 & ! flurry 9 ! ,european ,*ancell]ies :i* ! ultimatum s5t by ,au/ria-,hung>y to ,s]via produc$4 ,!y also te/ify to ! exi/5ce ( a new & influ5tial public op9ion1 ab\t w> & peace1 to :i* nations t g to w> ?9k x desirable to appeal = ju/ification or moral support4 ,^! publications h be5 read ) int5se int]e/ by imp>tial obs]v]s 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 & h 9 _m cases det]m9$ ! direction ( ! read]s' sympa?y & good w2 & yet none ( !m discloses or deals ) ! real s\rces ( ! unprec$5t$ calamity4 ,!y relate *iefly to ! "q :o /ruck ! mat*1 & n to ! que/ions :o provid$ ! magaz9e t explod$1 & :y did he provide x4 ,grave responsibility1 ( c\rse1 atta*es to ! p]son :o gives ! ord] to mobilize a national army or to invade a neighbor's t]ritory2 b ! real s\rce ( ! result+ horrors is n 9 su* an ord]1 b 9 ! ,gov]nm5tal in/itutions1 political philosophy1 & long-nurtur$ passions & purposes ( ! nation or nations conc]n$4 ,g]man ,desire = ,_w ,empire4 ,! prime s\rce ( ! pres5t imm5se disa/] 9 ,europe is ! desire on ! "p ( ,g]many = _w empire1 a desire :i* "o ,european nation aft] ano!r has made its supreme motive1 & none t has once adopt$ x has ev] completely eradicat$4 ,g]many arriv$ late at ?is desire1 be+ prev5t$ until #ahgj f indulg+ x1 because ( h] lack ( unity1 or r because ( be+ divid$ s9ce ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> into a l>ge numb] ( sep>ate1 m or less indep5d5t1 ,/ates4 ,:5 ?is disease1 :i* has attack$ "o nation aft] ano!r ?r\gh all hi/oric times1 /ruck ,g]many x exhibit$ 9 h] case a rem>kable malignity1 mov+ h] to expansion 9 ,europe by =ce ( arms1 & to ! seizure ( areas = colonization 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w4 ,prussia1 inde$1 _h long believ$ 9 mak+ h] way 9 ,europe by fight+1 & _h repeat$ly act$ on t belief4 ,%ortly be=e ! a*ievem5t ( ,g]man unity by ,bism>ck %e _h obta9$ by w> 9 #ahfd & #ahff important accessions ( t]ritory & lead]%ip 9 all ,g]many4 ,) ?is desire = _w empire w5t ! belief t x 0 only to be obta9$ by =ce ( arms4 ,!re=e1 unit$ ,g]many has labor$ ) utmo/ intellig5ce & en]gy to prep>e ! mo/ p[]ful army 9 ! _w1 & to equip x = in/ant action 9 ! mo/ p]fect mann] :i* sci5ce & eag] invasion c\ld contrive4 ,to develop ?is supreme milit>y ma*9e univ]sal conscription--an outgr[? ( ! conception ( ! citiz5s' army ( ,france dur+ ! ,revolution--0 necess>y2 s t e "y man 9 ,g]many physically compet5t to be> arms might receive ! tra9+ ( a soldi]1 :e!r he wi%$ x or n1 & rema9 at ! call ( ! ,gov]nm5t = milit>y duty dur+ all 8 ye>s ( compet5cy1 ev5 if he 7 ! only son ( a wid[1 or a wid[] ) little *ildr51 or ! sole support ( a family or o!r dep5d5ts4 ,9 ord] to ! complet5ess ( ?is milit>y ideal ! army became ! nation & ! nation became ! army to a degree :i* _h nev] be=e be5 realiz$ 9 ei!r ! savage or ! civiliz$ _w4 ,?is army c\ld be summon$ & put 9 play by ! ,*ief ,executive ( ! ,g]man ,nation ) no prelim9>ies except ! cons5t ( ! h]$it>y heads ( ! sev]al ,/ates :i* unit$ to =m ! empire 9 #ahgj-ga "u ! dom9ation ( ,prussia1 ! ,prussian ,k+1 become ,g]man ,emp]or1 be+ ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,army4 ,at ! ^w ( ! ,emp]or ?is army c be summon$1 collect$1 clo!d1 equipp$ & arm$1 & set 9 motion t[>d any fronti] 9 a day4 ,! ,g]man ,army 0 ?us made ! l>ge/ 9 proportion to population1 ! be/ equipp$1 & ! mo/ mobile 9 ! _w4 ,! ,g]man ,g5]al ,/aff /udi$ incessantly & ?or\ghly plans = campaigns aga9/ all ! o!r pr9cipal ,/ates ( ,europe1 & promptly utiliz$--secretly1 :5ev] secrecy 0 possible--all promis+ inv5tions 9 explosives1 ordnance1 munitions1 transportation1 & sanitation4 ,at ! op5+ ( #aiad ! ,g5]al ,/aff believ$ t ! ,g]man ,army 0 ready = w> on ! in/ant1 & t x possess$ "s significant advantages 9 fight+--su* z bett] implem5ts & bett] discipl9e--ov] ! armies ( ! neighbor+ nations4 ,! army c\ld d its "p t[>d ! atta9m5t ( _w empire4 ,x w\ld prove inv9cible4 ,a ,great ,g]man ,navy4 ,! int5se desire = colonies1 & = ! spread ( ,g]man comm]ce ?r\gh\t ! _w1 in/igat$ ! creation ( a great ,g]man navy1 & />t$ ! race ) ,engl& 9 navy build+4 ,! increase ( ,g]man weal?1 & ! rapid developm5t ( manufactures & comm]cial sea p[] aft] #ahgj-ga1 made x possible = ! empire to devote imm5se sums ( money to ! quick con/ruction ( a p[]ful navy1 9 :i* ! exp]i5ce & skill ( all o!r %ipbuild+ nations w\ld be appropriat$ & improv$ on4 ,9 ?us pu%+ h] colonization & sea-p[] policy ,g]many enc\nt]$ ! wide dom9ation ( ,great ,brita9 on ! oceans2 & ?is enc\nt] br$ jeal\sy1 suspicion1 & di/ru/ on bo? sides4 ,t ,g]many %\ld h be5 belat$ 9 ! que/ = =eign possessions 0 annoy+2 b t ,engl& & ,france %\ld h acquir$ e>ly ample & ri* t]ritories on o!r cont95ts1 & !n %\ld resi/ or ob/ruct ,g]many :5 %e aspir$ to make up = lo/ "t1 0 int5sely exasp]at+4 ,h5ce *ronic res5tm5ts1 &--:5 ! day came--probably w>4 ,9 respect to its navy1 h[ev]1 ,g]many 0 n ready = w> at ! op5+ ( #aiad2 &1 !re=e1 %e did n mean to get into w> ) ,great ,brita9 9 t ye>4 ,inde$1 %e believ$--on incorrect in=mation--t ,engl& c\ld n g to w> 9 ! ,summ] ( #aiad4 ,nei!r ! ,gov]nm5t nor ! educat$ class 9 ,g]many compreh5ds ! peculi> features ( p>ty gov]nm5t z x exi/s 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &1 !re=e1 ! ,g]man lead]s 7 surpris$ & griev\sly disappo9t$ at ! sudd5 popul> det]m9ation ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& to lay aside p>ty /rife & take /r5u\s "p 9 ! g5]al ,european conflict4 ,! complete prep>ation ( ! ,g]man ,army = sudd5 w>1 ! au?ority to make w> always ready 9 ! h&s ( ! ,g]man ,emp]or1 & ! ?or\gh /udies ( ! ,g]man ,/aff into ! mo/ advantage\s plans ( campaign aga9/ e neighbor1 conspir$ to develop a new doctr9e ( milit>y necessity z ! all-suffici5t excuse = disreg>d+ & violat+ ! contracts or agreem5ts into :i* ,prussia or ! new ,g]many _h ent]$ ) o!r nations4 ,to ga9 quickly a milit>y advantage 9 attack+ a neighbor came to be reg>d$ z prop] gr\nd = violat+ any or all int]national treaties & agreem5ts1 no matt] h[ solemn & compreh5sive1 h[ old or h[ new4 ,! demon/ration ( ! insignificance or wor?lessness ( int]national agreem5ts 9 ,g]man ?\ght & practice 0 giv5 9 ! fir/ days ( ! w> by ! invasion ( ,belgium1 & has be5 cont9u$ ev] s9ce by violation on ! "p ( ,g]many ( num]\s agreem5ts conc]n+ ! conduct ( w> into :i* ,g]many ent]$ ) _m o!r nations at ! ,second ,hague ,conf]5ce4 ,sanctity ( ,national ,contracts4 ,?is ,g]man view ( ! wor?lessness ( int]national agreem5ts 0 n a cause ( ! pres5t w>1 because x 0 n fully evid5t to ,europe1 al?\gh famili> & ( long /&+ 9 ,g]many2 b x is a pot5t reason = ! cont9uance ( ! w> by ! ,allies until ,g]many is defeat$2 because x is pla9 to all ! nations ( ! _w1 except ,g]many1 ,au/ria-,hung>y1 & ,turkey at ! mom5t1 t ! hopes ( mank9d = ! gradual developm5t ( int]national ord] & peace re/ on ! sanctity ( contracts betwe5 nations1 & on ! developm5t ( adequate sanctions 9 ! adm9i/ration ( int]national law4 ,! new doctr9e ( milit>y necessity affronts all law & is completely & hopelessly b>b>\s4 ,_w empire n[1 z always1 is to be won by =ce--t is1 by conque/ & hold+ possession4 ,s ,assyria1 ,israel1 ,mac$onia1 ,a!ns1 ,rome1 ,islam1 ,engl&1 & ,france h successively believ$ & tri$ to accompli% 9 practice4 ,unit$ ,g]many has = =ty ye>s be5 putt+ into practice1 at home & abroad1 ! doctr9e ( =ce z ! s\rce ( all p]sonal & national greatness & all wor?y human a*ievem5ts4 ,9 ! support ( ?is doctr9e1 educat$ ,g]many has develop$ & accept$ ! religion ( valor & ! dogma t might makes "r4 ,9 s do+ x has reject$ ) scorn ! ,*ri/ian tea*+s conc]n+ humility & meekness1 ju/ice & m]cy1 bro!rhood & love4 ,! objects ( its adoration h become ,/r5g?1 ,c\rage1 & ru?less ,w-p[]2 let ! weak p]i% & help !m to p]i%2 let ! g5tle1 meek1 & humble submit to ! h>% & pr\d2 let ! %iftless & incapable die2 ! _w is = ! /rong1 & ! /ronge/ %all be rul]4 ,?is is a religion capable ( inspir+ its foll[]s ) zeal & su/a9$ en?usiasm 9 promot+ ! national welf>e at :atev] co/ to ! individual ( life1 lib]ty1 or happ9ess1 & also ( l5d+ a religi\s sanction to ! extremes ( cruelty1 gre$1 & hate4 ,x 7 incr$ible t educat$ p :o h be5 br\ght up )9 e>%ot ( ,*ri/ian e?ics & )9 sight ( g5tle m5 & wom5 %\ld all be cont5t ) ! religion-(-valor plan4 ,accord+ly1 ! f9] ,g]man spirits h inv5t$ a supplem5t to t ,/one ,age religion4 ,!y h set up = wor%ip a my/ical conception ( ! ,/ate z a maje/ic & b5efic5t entity :i* embraces all ! noble activities ( ! nation & guides x to its be/ a*ievem5ts4 ,to ?is ideal ,/ate e ,g]man owes duty1 ob$i5ce1 & complete devotion4 ,! tr\ble ) ?is supplem5t to ! religion ( valor is t x dwells too mu* on submission1 self-sacrifice1 & discipl9e1 & n en\gh on individual lib]ty & self-control 9 lib]ty4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ! valiant m5 got control ( ! ,gov]nm5t & c>ri$ ! nation into a f]oci\s w>1 !y swept away ) !m all ! devotees ( ?is romantic & spiritual ,/ate4 ,! mod]n ,g]man is always a controll$1 direct$1 & drill$ p]son1 :o aspires to control & discipl9e 8 inf]iors2 & 9 8 view pretty mu* all mank9d are 8 inf]iors4 ,he is n a freeman 9 ! ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 or ,am]ican s5se2 & he pref]s n to be4 ,:at ,g]man ,dom9ation ,w\ld ,mean4 ,! pres5t w> is ! inevitable result ( lu/ ( empire1 autocratic gov]nm5t1 sudd5 weal?1 & ! religion ( valor4 ,:at ,g]man dom9ation w\ld mean to any t %\ld resi/ x ! exp]i5ce ( ,belgium & ,nor!rn ,france dur+ ! pa/ ?ree mon?s aptly demon/rates4 ,! civiliz$ _w c n[ see :]e ! new ,g]man morality--be effici5t1 be virile1 be h>d1 be bloody1 be rul]s--w\ld l& x4 ,to ma9ta9 t ! p[] :i* has adopt$ 9 practice t new morality1 & 9 accordance ) its precepts promis$ ,au/ria its support aga9/ ,s]via & invad$ ,belgium & ,france 9 hot ha/e1 is n ! responsible au?or ( ! ,european w>1 is to ?r[ away memory1 reason1 & common s5se 9 judg+ ! human ag5cies 9 curr5t ev5ts4 ,! real cause ( ! w> is ?is gradually develop$ b>b>ic /ate ( ! ,g]man m9d & w4 ,all o!r causes--su* z ! assass9ation ( ! heir to ! ?rone ( ,au/ria-,hung>y1 ! sympa?y ( ,russia ) ! ,balkan ,/ates1 ! ,fr5* desire = ! recov]y ( ,alsace-,lorra9e1 & ,great ,brita9's jeal\sy ( ,g]man aggr&izem5t--are second>y & incid5tal causes1 contributory1 inde$1 b n prim>y & fundam5tal4 ,if any "o ask :o br\ght ! rul+ class 9 ,g]many to ?is b>b>ic frame ( m9d1 ! answ] mu/ be ,bism>ck1 ,moltke1 ,treits*ke1 ,nietzs*e1 ,b]nh>di1 ! ,g]man ,emp]or1 _! l1 _! disciples1 & ! milit>y ca/e4 ,g]many ,nev] ,dread$ ,russia4 ,_m ,g]man apologi/s = ! w> attribute x to ,g]man fe> ( ,russia4 ,!y say t1 al?\gh ,g]many committ$ ! fir/ actual aggression by invad+ ,belgium & ,luxemburg on ! way to attack ,france ) ! utmo/ spe$ & fi]c5ess1 ! w> is really a w> ( def5se aga9/ ,russia1 :i* might desirably pass ov]1 aft] ,france has be5 cru%$1 into a w> aga9/ ,great ,brita91 t p]fidi\s & insol5t ob/acle to ,g]many's _w empire4 ,! answ] to ?is explanation is t1 z a matt] ( fact1 ,g]many has nev] dread$1 or ev5 respect$1 ! milit>y /r5g? ( ,russia1 & t ! rec5t w>s & ?reat5+s ( w> by ,g]many h n be5 direct$ aga9/ ,russia1 b aga9/ ,d5m>k1 ,au/ria1 ,france1 & ,engl&4 ,9 h] colonization ent]prises x is n ,russia t ,g]many has enc\nt]$1 b ,engl&1 ,france1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! fri5dly advances made )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s by ,g]many to ,turkey 7 n int5d$ prim>ily to /r5g!n ,g]many aga9/ ,russia1 b ,g]many aga9/ ,great ,brita9 ?r\gh access by l& to ,briti% ,india4 ,9 %ort1 ,g]many's policies1 at home & abroad1 dur+ ! la/ =ty ye>s h be5 inspir$ n by fe> ( ,russia1 or ( any o!r invad]1 b by its own aggressive ambition = _w empire4 ,9 ! pres5t w> x ?9ks x has /ak$ its all on empire or d[nfall4 ,g]many ,%\ld ,be ,defeat$4 ,^? nations :i* value public lib]ty & believe t ! prim>y object ( ,gov]nm5t is to promote ! g5]al welf>e by measures & policies f\nd$ on ju/ice1 good-w1 & respect = ! fre$om ( ! individual _c b hope t ,g]many w be completely defeat$ 9 its pres5t und]tak+s2 b !y d n believe t ,g]many is compell$ to *oose betwe5 a life ( dom9ation 9 ,europe & ! _w & national dea?4 ,!y wi% t all h] humane culture & h] g5ius = pati5t & exact rese>* may survive ?is hide\s w> & guide ano!r ,g]many to great a*ievem5ts = humanity4 ,if ! causes ( ! pres5t imm5se cata/rophe h be5 h correctly /at$1 ! desirable outcomes ( ! w> are1 no _w empire = any race or nation1 no m subjects1 no ,executives1 ei!r p]man5t or tempor>y1 ) p[] to ?r[ _! fell[-c\ntrym5 into w>1 no secret diplomacy ju/ify+ ! use = a pr(it ( all ! lies1 concealm5ts1 deceptions1 & ambuscades :i* are an inevitable "p ( w> & assum+ to commit nations on int]national que/ions1 & no conscription armies t c be laun*$ 9 w> by ,executives )\t consult+ indep5d5t repres5tative assemblies4 ,!re %\ld come out f ?is supreme convulsion1 a f$]at$ ,europe1 or a league ( ! fre] nations1 :i* %\ld secure ! small] ,/ates aga9/ attack1 prev5t ! l>g] f attempt+ dom9ation1 make sure t treaties & o!r int]national contracts %all be public & be respect$ until modifi$ by mutual cons5t1 & provide a safe basis = ! limitation & r$uction ( armam5ts on l& & sea1 no basis to be consid]$ safe :i* c\ld fail to secure ! lib]ties ( ea* & all ! f$]at$ ,/ates aga9/ ! attacks ( any outsid] or fai?less memb]4 ,no "o c see at pres5t h[ su* a consummation is to be br\ght ab\t1 b any "o c see already t ?is consummation is ! only "o :i* c satisfy ! lov]s ( lib]ty "u law1 & ! believ]s 9 ! progress ( mank9d ?r\gh lov+ s]vice ea* to all & all to ea*4 ,extreme pacifici/s %r9k f fight+ evil ) evil1 hell ) hell1 & advise submission to outrage1 or at lea/ tak+ ! risk ( be+ =c$ into resign$ submission4 ,! believ]s 9 ! religion ( valor1 on ! o!r h&1 proclaim t w> is a good ?+ 9 itself1 t x develops ! be/ human virtues1 invigorates a nation become flaccid ?r\gh ease & luxury1 & puts 9 comm& ! /rong1 dom9at+ _s ( a valid nation or race4 ,:at is ! j mean betwe5 ^! two extremes8 ,is x n t w> is always a hide\s & hateful evil1 b t a nation may sometimes f9d x to be ! lea/ ( two evils betwe5 :i* x has to *oose8 ,! ju/ifiable & inde$ necess>y w> is ! w> aga9/ ! ravag] & de/roy]1 ! enemy ( lib]ty1 ! claimant ( _w empire4 ,m & m ! ?9k]s ( ! _w see1 & ! common p m & m believe in/9ctively1 t ! cause ( righte\s lib]ty is ! cause ( civilization4 ,9 ! conf]5ce :i* w "o day meet to settle ! t]ms ( peace1 & !re=e ! future conditions ( life 9 ,europe1 ! example ( ! ,am]ican ,republic 9 reg>d to armam5ts & w>1 ! publicity ( treaties1 & public lib]ty1 security & prosp]ity may reasonably h "s influ5ce4 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,eliot4 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,nov4 #ad1 #aiad4 ,,dr4 ,,eliot',s ,,fif? ,,lett]4 ,a ,hopeful ,road to ,la/+ ,peace ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,! great w> has n[ be5 go+ on long en\gh to enable mank9d to =m approximately correct views ab\t its va/ ext5t & scale ( op]ations1 its sudd5 int]f]5ce ) comm]ce & all o!r helpful int]national int]c\rse1 its unprec$5t$ wreck+ ( family happ9ess & cont9uity1 its wip+ out1 z x proce$s1 ( ! accumulat$ sav+s ( _m =m] g5]ations 9 /ructures1 objects ( art1 & indu/rial capital1 & ! huge burd5s x is likely to impose on tw5tie? c5tury ,europe4 ,f all ^! po9ts ( view1 x is evid5tly ! mo/ horrible calamity t has ev] befall5 ! human race & ! mo/ crucial trial to :i* civilization has be5 expos$4 ,x is1 & is to be1 ! gigantic /ruggle ( ^! times betwe5 ! =ces :i* make = lib]ty & righte\sness & ^? :i* make = ! subjection ( ! individual man1 ! exaltation ( ! ,/ate1 & ! en?ronem5t ( physical =ce direct$ by a ru?less collective w4 ,x ?reat5s a sweep+ betrayal ( ! be/ hopes ( mank9d4 ,ea* ( ! nations involv$1 horrifi$ at ! imm5sity ( ! disa/]1 ma9ta9s t x is n responsible = ! w>2 & ea* ,gov]nm5t has issu$ a /atem5t to prove t "s o!r ,gov]nm5t is responsible = ! outbreak4 ,?is discussion1 h[ev]1 relates almo/ entirely to actions by mon>*s & ,cab9ets betwe5 ,july #bc & ,aug4 #d--;a %ort p]iod ( hurri$ messages betwe5 ! ,*ancell]ies ( ,europe--actions :i* only prove t ! mon>*s & ,m9i/]s = ,=eign ,affairs c\ld n1 or at lea/ did n1 prev5t ! long-prep>$ g5]al w> f break+ out4 ,! assass9ation ( ! ,ar*duke & ,du*ess ( ,hoh5b]g on ! #bh? ( ,june 0 9 no prop] s5se a cause ( ! w>1 except z x 0 "o ( ! consequ5ces ( ! p]si/5t aggressions ( ,au/ria-,hung>y aga9/ h] s\!a/]n neighbors4 ,nei!r 0 ,russian mobilization 9 f\r milit>y di/ricts on ,july #bi a cause ( ! w>2 = t 0 only an ext]nal manife/ation ( ! ,russian /ate ( m9d t[>d ! ,balkan peoples1 a /ate ( m9d well kn[n to all publici/s ev] s9ce ! ,treaty ( ,b]l9 9 #ahgh4 ,no m 0 ! invasion ( ,belgium by ! ,g]man ,army on ,aug4 #d a true cause ( ! w>1 or ev5 ! cause1 z di/+ui%$ f ! occasion1 ( ,great ,brita9's becom+ involv$ 9 x4 ,by t action ,g]many 0 only tak+ ! fir/ /ep 9 c>ry+ out a long-*]i%$ purpose & 9 execut+ a judici\s plan ( campaign prep>$ = _m ye>s 9 advance4 ,! artificial panic 9 ,g]many ab\t its expos$ position betwe5 two p[]ful enemies1 ,france & ,russia1 0 n a g5u9e cause ( ! w>2 = ! ,g5]al ,/aff knew !y _h cru%$ ,france once1 & 7 confid5t !y c\ld d x aga9 9 a mon?4 ,z to ,russia1 x 01 9 _! view1 a huge nation1 b v clumsy & dull 9 w>4 ,! real causes ( ! w> are all ( _m ye>s' /&+2 & all ! nations n[ involv$ 9 ! fe>ful cata/rophe h contribut$ to ! developm5t ( "o or m ( ^! effective causes4 ,! fundam5tal causes are3 7#a7 ,! ma9t5ance ( mon>*ical ,gov]nm5ts1 ea* sanction$ & support$ by ! national religion1 & ea* furni%$ ) a ,cab9et select$ by ! mon>*--,gov]nm5ts :i* c make w> )\t any previ\s consultation ( ! peoples ?r\gh _! elect$ repres5tatives2 7#b7 ! con/ant ma9t5ance ( conscript armies1 ?r\gh :i* ! entire able-bodi$ male population is tra9$ 9 y\? = s]vice 9 ! army or navy1 & rema9s subject to ! in/ant call ( ! ,gov]nm5t till late 9 life1 ! (fic]+ ( ^! p]man5t armies involv+ ! creation ( a l>ge milit>y class likely to become p[]ful 9 political1 indu/rial1 & social adm9i/ration2 7#c7 ! creation ( a /rong1 p]man5t bureaucracy )9 ea* nation = ! managem5t ( bo? =eign & dome/ic affairs1 mu* ( ^: "w is kept secret f ! public at l>ge2 &1 f9ally1 7#d7 ! habitual use ( milit>y & naval =ces to acquire new t]ritories1 contigu\s or deta*$1 )\t reg>d to ! wi%es ( ! p annex$ or controll$4 ,?is la/ cause ( ! w> is ! mo/ pot5t ( ! f\r1 s9ce x is /rong 9 itself1 & is apt to include "o or m ( ! o!r ?ree4 ,x is ! gratification ( ! lu/ = _w empire4 ,( all ! nations tak+ "p 9 ! pres5t w>1 ,great ,brita9 is ! only "o :i* does n ma9ta9 a conscript army2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ,great ,brita9 is ! e>lie/ mod]n claimant ( _w empire by =ce1 ) ! s+le exception ( ,spa91 :i* long s9ce ab&on$ t que/4 ,e "o ( ^! nations except little ,s]via has yield$ to ! lu/ = empire4 ,e "o has p]mitt$ its mon>* or its ,cab9et to c>ry on secret negotiations liable at any "t to commit ! nation to w>1 or to fail 9 ma9ta9+ ! peace ( ,europe or ( ! ,ne> ,ea/4 ,9 ! cr[d$ diplomatic ev5ts ( la/ ,july1 no ph5om5on is m /rik+ ?an ! exhibition ( ! p[] :i* ! ,briti% p confide to ! h&s ( _! ,=eign ,secret>y4 ,9 ! int]e/s ( public lib]ty & public welf>e no (ficial %\ld possess su* p[]s z ,sir ,edw>d ,grey us$ admirably--?\gh 9 va9--la/ ,july4 ,9 all ?ree ( ! empires engag$ 9 ! w> !re has long exi/$ a l>ge milit>y ca/e :i* ex]ts a /rong influ5ce on ! ,gov]nm5t & its policies1 & on ! daily life ( ! p4 ,^! be+ ! real causes ( ! t]rific convulsion n[ go+ on 9 ,europe1 x _c be que/ion$ t ! nation 9 :i* ^! complex causes h tak5 /ronge/ & mo/ complete effect dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s is ,g]many4 ,h] =m ( gov]nm5t has be5 imp]iali/ic & autocratic 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,%e has develop$ ) great intellig5ce & assiduity ! mo/ =midable conscript army 9 ! _w1 & ! mo/ influ5tial & insol5t milit>y ca/e4 ,?ree times s9ce #ahfd %e has wag$ w> 9 ,europe1 & ea* "t %e has add$ to h] t]ritory )\t reg>d to ! wi%es ( ! annex$ population4 ,= tw5ty-five ye>s %e has exhibit$ a ke5 desire to obta9 colonial possessions2 & s9ce #ahif %e has be5 aggressive 9 ?is field4 ,9 h] s*ools & univ]sities ! *ildr5 & y\? h be5 taught = g5]ations t ,g]many is surr\nd$ by ho/ile peoples1 t h] expansion 9 ,europe & 9 o!r cont95ts is resi/$ by jeal\s p[]s :i* />t$ e>li] 9 ! race = =eign possessions1 & t ! salvation ( ,g]many has dep5d$ f ! fir/1 & w dep5d till ! la/1 on ! effici5cy ( h] army & navy & ! w>like _s ( h] p4 ,?is in/ruction1 giv5 ye> aft] ye> by tea*]s1 publici/s1 & rul]s1 0 fir/ g5]ally accept$ 9 ,prussia1 b n[ seems to be accept$ by ! entire empire z unifi$ 9 #ahga4 ,! att5tion ( ! civiliz$ _w 0 fir/ call$ to ?is /ate ( ! ,g]man m9d & w by ! triumphant policies ( ,bism>ck2 b dur+ ! reign ( ! pres5t ,emp]or ! ext]nal aggressiv5ess ( ,g]many & h] passion = _w empire h gr[n to mu* m =midable proportions4 ,al?\gh ! ,g]man ,emp]or has sometimes play$ ! "p ( a peacemak]1 he has habitually act$ ! w> "l 9 bo? spee* & be>+1 & has support$ ! milit>y ca/e :5ev] x has be5 assail$4 ,he is by inh]itance1 conviction1 & practice a ,div9e-"r sov]eign ^: ?rone re/s on an inv9cible army1 an army cont]m9\s ) ! nation4 ,9 ! pres5t trem5d\s /ruggle he c>ries 8 subjects ) him 9 a ru%+ torr5t ( self-sacrific+ patriotism4 ,mass fanaticism & infecti\s en?usiasm seem to h depriv$ ! lead+ class 9 ,g]many1 = ! mom5t1 ( all p[] to see1 reason1 & judge correctly--no new ph5om5on 9 ! _w1 b in/ructive 9 ?is case because x po9ts to ! grave defect 9 ,g]man education--! lack ( lib]ty &1 !re=e1 practice 9 self-control4 ,! tw5tie? c5tury educat$ ,g]man is1 h[ev]1 by no means giv5 ov] completely to mat]ial & physical aggr&izem5t & ! wor%ip ( might4 ,he *]i%es a p>tly new conception ( ! ,/ate z a collective entity ^: function is to develop & multiply1 n ! free1 heal?y1 & happy individual man & woman1 b high] & m effective types ( humanity1 made sup]ior by a /r5u\s discipl9e :i* takes mu* acc\nt ( ! /rong & ambiti\s1 & little ( ! weak or meek4 ,he rejects ! e?ics ( ! ,beatitudes z uns\nd1 b accepts ! religion ( valor1 :i* exalts /r5g?1 c\rage1 endurance1 & ! ready sacrifice by ! individual ( lib]ty1 happ9ess1 & life itself = ,g]many's honor & greatness4 ,a nation ( #fj1jjj1jjj hold+ ^! philosophical & religi\s views1 & propos+ to act on !m 9 w9n+ by =ce ! empire ( ! _w1 ?reat5s civilization ) m =midable irruptions ( a de/roy+ ho/ ?an any t hi/ory has record$4 ,! ru% ( ! ,g]man ,army into ,belgium1 ,france1 & ,russia & its consequ5ces to ^? l&s h taught ! re/ ( ,europe to dread ,g]man dom9ation1 &--x is to be hop$--to make x impossible4 ,! real cause ( ! pres5t convulsion is1 !n1 ! /ate ( m9d or temp] ( ,g]many1 includ+ h] conception ( national greatness1 h] !ory ( ! ,/ate1 & h] intellig5t & skillful use ( all ! =ces ( n9ete5? c5tury appli$ sci5ce = ! de/ructive purposes ( w>4 ,x is1 !re=e1 app>5t t ,europe c escape f ! dom9ation ( ,g]many only by defeat+ h] 9 h] pres5t und]tak+s2 & t ?is defeat c be br\ght ab\t only by us+ aga9/ h] ! same effective ag5cies ( de/ruction & ! same m>tial _s on :i* ,g]many itself relies4 ,horrible z are ! murd]\s & deva/at+ effects ( ?is w>1 !re c be no la/+ peace until ,europe z a :ole is ready to make "s s]i\s & f>-rea*+ decisions 9 reg>d to ,gov]nm5tal /ructures & p[]s4 ,9 all probability ! suff]+s & losses ( ?is widespread w> mu/ g fur!r & cut deep] be=e ,europe c be br\ght to ! decisions :i* alone c give securities = la/+ peace aga9/ ,g]many on ! "o h& & ,russia on ! o!r1 or to ei!r ( ^! nations1 or c give security = ! future to any ( ! small] nations ( ,cont95tal ,europe4 ,!re c1 inde$1 be no security = future peace 9 ,europe until e ,european nation recognizes ! fact t !re is to be no su* ?+ 9 ! _w z "o dom9at+ nation--no su* ?+ z _w empire = any s+le nation--,great ,brita91 ,g]many1 ,russia1 ,japan1 or ,*9a4 ,!re c be no s5se ( security aga9/ sudd5 invasion 9 ,europe s long z all ! able-bodi$ m5 are tra9$ to be soldi]s & ! be/ possible armies are kept con/antly ready = in/ant use4 ,!re c be no secure peace 9 ,europe until a f$]ation ( ! ,european ,/ates is e/abli%$1 capable ( mak+ public contracts int5d$ to be kept1 & back$ by an ov]:elm+ int]national =ce subject to ! ord]s ( an int]national tribunal4 ,! pres5t convulsion demon/rates ! impot5ce t[>d p]man5t peace ( secret negotiations1 ( unpubli%$ agreem5ts1 ( treaties & cov5ants t c be brok5 on gr\nds ( milit>y necessity1 ( int]national law if )\t sanctions1 ( pi\s wi%es1 ( economic & biological pr$ictions1 & ( public op9ion unless express$ ?r\gh a firm int]national agreem5t1 beh9d :i* /&s an int]national =ce4 ,:5 t int]national =ce has be5 firmly e/abli%$ x w be "t to consid] :at proportionate r$uctions 9 national armam5ts c be prud5tly recomm5d$4 ,until t glori\s day dawns1 no patriot & no lov] ( 8 k9d c wisely advocate ei!r peace 9 ,europe or any r$uction ( armam5ts4 ,! hate-bre$+ & worse ?an brutal cruelties & deva/ations ( ! w>1 ) _! inevitable moral & physical degradations1 ought to %ock mank9d into attempt+ a great /ep =w>d4 ,europe & ,am]ica %\ld und]take to ext]m9ate ! real causes ( ! cata/rophe4 ,9 /udy+ t problem ! com+ ,european conf]5ce c pr(it by ! exp]i5ce ( ! ?ree prosp]\s & valid c\ntries 9 :i* public lib]ty & ! pr9ciple ( f$]ation h be5 mo/ successfully develop$--,switz]l&1 ,great ,brita91 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,switz]l& is a democratic f$]ation :i* unites 9 a firm f$]al bond ?ree diff]5t racial /ocks speak+ ?ree unlike languages1 & divid$ locally & irregul>ly betwe5 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & ! ,prote/ant4 ,! s-call$ ,briti% ,empire t5ds /rongly to become a f$]ation2 & ! me?ods ( ,gov]nm5t bo? 9 ,great ,brita9 itself & 9 its affiliat$ ,commonweal?s are becom+ m & m democratic 9 sub/ance4 ,! w> has br\ght ?is fact out 9 high relief4 ,z to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x is a /rong f$]ation ( =ty-eight het]og5e\s ,/ates :i* has be5 prov+ = a hundr$ ye>s t fre$om & democracy are saf] & happi] = mank9d ?an subjection to any sort ( autocracy1 & af=ds f> ! be/ tra9+ = national "* & national effici5cy4 ,republican ,france has n yet _h "t to give ?is demon/ration1 be+ incumb]$ ) _m survivals ( ! ,b\rbon & ,napoleonic rgimes1 & be+ =c$ to ma9ta9 a conscript army4 ,x is an enc\rag+ fact t e "o ( ! political or ,gov]nm5tal *anges ne$$ is already illu/rat$ 9 ! practice ( "o or m ( ! civiliz$ nations4 ,to exagg]ate ! necess>y *anges is to po/pone or prev5t a satisfactory outcome f ! pres5t calculat$ de/ructions & wrongs & ! accompany+ moral & religi\s *aos4 ,ard5t proposals to remake ! map ( ,europe1 recon/ruct ,european society1 sub/itute republics = empires1 & aboli% armam5ts are 9 fact ob/ruct+ ! road t[>d peace & good-w among m54 ,t road is h>d at be/4 ,! imm$iate duty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is presumably to prep>e1 on ! basis ( its pres5t army & navy1 to furni% an effective quota ( ! int]national =ce1 s]vant ( an int]national tribunal1 :i* w make ! ultimate issue ( ?is mo/ abom9able ( w>s n a truce1 b a durable peace4 ,9 ! meantime ! ,am]ican peoples cry ) "o voice to ! ,g]man p1 l ,ezekiel to ! ,h\se ( ,israel3 ,turn ye1 turn ye f y\r evil ways2 = :y w ye die8 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,eliot4 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,dec4 #h1 #aiad4 ,,! ,,"l ,,( ,,ho/s4 ,by ,,joseph ,b4 ,,gild]4 ,he t sitte? 9 ! heav5s %all laugh4 ,! w>r+ ho/s t ga!r ,to ravage1 burn1 & slay1 ,turn fir/ to t dread ,fa!r ,to :om ! nations pray3 ,o ,god1 our he>ts ,?\ kn[e/1 ,our m9ds ,?\ reade/ cle>2 ,:]e we g1 !re ,?\ goe/-- ,) ,!e we h no fe>4 ,! folk t h>m & hate u-- ,?y enemies1 ,o ,"l-- ,?\ kn[e/ h[ !y bait u3 ,make brittle _! /rong sword6 ,aga9/ ! foe t goad$ ,we he$ ,?y call to fight3 ,our guns are prim$ & load$1 ,our swords1 h[ ke5 & bright6 ,make /rong our he>ts to s]ve ,!e1 ,uphold our lift$ h&s2 ,let no petition sw]ve ,!e ,to succor ali5 b&s4 ,s %all we burn & slaught]1 ,spread desolation wide1 ,if /ill1 by l& & wat]1 ,?\ fighte/ on our side4 ,! ,"l ( ,ho/s _h li/5$-- ,_h he>d ! rivals' pray]1 ,uprais$ :]e bayonets gli/5$ ,& bann]s dy$ ! air2 ,& z ,8 p wait$ ,an answ] to _! cry1 ,two bolts ) lightn+ freight$ ,fla%$ f ! angry sky4 ,to left1 to "r !y d>t$1 ,imp>tially !y fell3 ,! ho/s 9 t]ror />t$ ,z !y envisag$ hell4 ,= wide _! ranks 7 riv51 ,night blott$ out ! sky1 ,z pro/rate1 daz$ or driv51 ,!y caught _! ,god's reply4 ,!n1 z ! bl9d+ lev9's ,tw9 bolts 7 buri$ deep1 ,:o dwelle? 9 ! heav5s ,0 he>d to laugh--& weep6 ,a ,w> ( ,di%onor ,by ,david ,/>r ,jordan4 ,late ,presid5t ( ,lel& ,/an=d ,junior ,univ]sity1 n[ its ,*ancellor2 ,*ief ,director ( ! ,_w ,peace ,f\ndation s9ce #aiaj4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,9 ?is w> :at ( "r & :at ( wrong8 ,n mu* ( "r1 p]haps1 & v mu* ( wrong4 ,b !re are degrees 9 wrong1 & sometimes1 by comp>ison1 wrong becomes almo/ "r4 ,! arm$ peace1 ! peace ( guns & dreadn\ghts & sabre rattl]s1 has come to its pr$e/9$ end4 ,its armam5ts 7 made = w>4 ,its w> mak]s & w> trad]s1 ! ,pan-,g]mani/s 9 ! lead1 h done _! wor/ = ! la/ n9e ye>s4 ,!y h be5 foil$ "t aft] "t1 b !y h _! way at la/4 ,_! la/ & mo/ fatal weapon 0 ! ultimatum4 ,if ,s]via _h n giv5 !m _! *ance !y w\ld h f\nd _! pretext some:]e else4 ,:5 a nation or a cont95t prep>es = w> x w get x soon or lat]4 ,to prep>e = w> is to bre$ a ho/ ( m5 :o h no o!r bus9ess1 & ano!r ho/ :o f9d _! pr(its 9 blood4 ,:5 ! w> began x _h v little mean+4 ,x 0 ! ?ird ,balkan w>1 br\ght on1 z ! o!rs 71 by intrigues ( rival despotisms4 ,! peoples ( ,europe d n hate ea* o!r4 ,! spr+s ( w> come f a few m5 impell$ by gre$ & glory4 ,diplomacy 9 ,europe has be5 = ye>s ! cov] = robb]y 9 ,asia or ,africa4 ,( all ! nations conc]n$ n "o _h any wi% to fight1 & ,belgium alone c\ld fight ) clean h&s4 ,& ?is fact gave ! w> its mean+4 ,! invasion ( ,belgium *ang$ ! :ole face ( affairs4 ,z by a lightn+ fla% ! issue 0 made pla93 ! issue ( ! sacr$ness ( law2 ! rule ( ! soldi] or ! rule ( ! citiz52 ! rule ( fe> or ! rule ( law4 ,g]many /&s = army rule4 ,?is 0 made cle> :51 a ye> ago1 %e pass$ "u ! yoke at ,zab]n4 ,h[ev] devi\s h] diplomacy 9 ! pa/1 ,brita9 /&s today = ! rule ( law4 ,! ,briti% soldi] is ! s]vant ( ! ,briti% p1 n _! ma/]4 ,! highe/ conception ( human relations is embodi$ 9 ! ^w law4 ,law is ! framework ( civilization4 ,law is ! condition ( security1 happ9ess1 & progress4 ,w> is ! d5ial ( all law4 ,x makes scrap pap] ( all ! solemn agreem5ts m5 & nations h e/abli%$ = _! mutual good4 ,! rape ( ,belgium made scrap pap] ( int]national law4 ,! s[+ ( m9es 9 ! fairways ( comm]ce made scrap pap] ( ! rights ( neutral nations4 ,! torture ( ! ,belgian p made scrap pap] ( ! rights ( non-combatants4 ,w> may be nev] righte\s1 b x is sometimes honorable4 ,9 honorable w> armies fight aga9/ armies1 nev] aga9/ private citiz5s4 ,if armies give no ne$less provocation1 !y w receive none4 ,! sack+ ( ,mal9es1 ,a]s*ot1 ,d9ant--^! are n acts ( honorable w>4 ,! wreck ( ,l\va91 hi/oric ,l\va91 ! v5]able c5tre = #ejj ye>s ( ,ca?olic erudition1 at ! h&s ( blood-drunk soldi]s 0 an act ( di%onorable w>4 ,x m>ks a /a9 on ! record ( ,g]many :i* ! ages w n efface4 ,a ne$$ example1 say ! apologi/s = ?is crime4 ,! ,duke ( ,alva gave ! same ne$$ example to ^! same p 9 8 day4 ,= c5turies ! words ,spani% blood /ruck t]ror into peoples' he>ts ?r\gh\t ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,= c5turies to come ! ^w ,prussian w take its hat$ place4 ,! good p ( ,g]many d n burn univ]sities4 ,nei!r d !y make w> = w>'s sake4 ,!y are helpless 9 ! h&s ( a mon/] ( _! own creation4 ,! affair at ,zab]n a ye> ago te/ifies to _! complete subjugation4 ,all ! virtues are left to !m1 save only ! love ( fre$om4 ,?is ! mail$ fi/ has tak5 away4 ,! ,g]many ( today is an ana*ronism4 ,h] sci5tific ideals are ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,h] political ideals h>k back to ! sixte5?4 ,h] rul]s h made h] ! mo/ sup]b fight+ ma*9e 9 a _w :i* is s\l-we>y ( fight+4 ,= a nation 9 %9+ armor ! civiliz$ ,_w has no place4 ,x w n wor%ip !m1 x w n obey !m4 ,x w n respect ^? :o ei!r wor%ip or obey4 ,x f9ds no p good en\gh to rule o!r p aga9/ _! w4 ,a great nation :i* its own p d n control is a nation )\t a ,gov]nm5t4 ,x is a d]elict on ! int]national sea4 ,x is a dang] to its neighbors1 a great] dang] to itself4 ,( all ! _m issues1 good or bad1 :i* may come f ?is w>1 none is m important ?an ?is1 t ! ,g]man p %\ld take possession ( ,g]many4 ,,david ,,/>r ,,jordan4 ,b]keley1 ,cal41 ,sept4 #ai1 #aiad4 ,might or ,"r ,by ,john ,gri] ,hibb54 ,presid5t ( ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity2 au?or ( works on logic & philosophy4 ,! address pr9t$ bel[ 0 deliv]$ by ,presid5t ,hibb5 at ! op5+ ( ! ,laym5's ,effici5cy ,conv5tion 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ,oct4 #af1 #aiad4 ,we are all ( u sadly consci\s ( our failure to realize 9 any adequate measure ! /&>ds ( "r conduct :i* we set = ourselves4 ,atta9m5t falls f> %ort ( purpose & desire4 ,?r\gh want ( c\rage1 or x may be ( incl9ation1 or ( %e] in]tia1 we fail to obey p]fectly ! law ( duty :i* we recognize z imp]atively b9d+ ^u u4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a m subtle k9d ( failure z reg>ds our moral endeavor & a*ievem5t :i* is due to ! unconsci\s %ift+ ( ^! /&>ds ( "r & wrong !mselves4 ,x is n m]ely t we fail to d t :i* we "k to be "r1 b at times ! v idea ( "r itself is /rangely alt]$4 ,! good ins5sibly assimilates to itself c]ta9 elem5ts ( evil :i* we all[ & accept )\t full realization ( ! significance ( ?is moral al*emy to :i* ! mo/ fundam5tal ( our ideas are (t5 times subject$4 ,! idea ( "r no long] /&s 9 its integrity1 b is compromis$ & ev5 neutraliz$ by conflict+ ?\ghts & s5tim5ts4 ,! ?+s :i* at "o "t held fir/ place 9 our e/imate ( life become second>y4 ,our attitude t[>d m51 & mann]s1 & affairs exp]i5ces a radical *ange4 ,?is 9 mo/ cases takes place unconsci\sly1 or if consci\s ( x1 we refra9 f confess+ x ev5 to ourselves4 ,!re are "s1 h[ev]1 :o are bo? frank en\gh & bold en\gh to ann\nce _! belief 9 ! radical doctr9e :i* dem&s a complete trans=mation ( ess5tial values4 ,= !m1 good is evil & evil good1 & !y seem n a%am$ to av[ x4 ,! conspicu\s ,g]man philosoph] ( lat] ye>s1 ,nietzs*e1 ) a nave simplicity insi/s t ! great ne$ ( our mod]n civilization is t :i* he designates z ! transvaluation ( all values4 ,by ?is he means ! complete trans=mation ( c]ta9 ideas ( supreme value into _! direct opposites4 ,he decl>es1 = in/ance1 t ! c5tral virtues ( ,*ri/ianity1 su* z ^? ( self-sacrifice1 pity1 m]cy1 indicate an inh]5t weakness ( ! human race1 & t ! /rong man dissipates 8 en]gies ?r\gh ! (fices ( k9dness & helpfulness4 ,?us ! law :i* comm&s u to be> "o ano!r's burd5s mu/ be reg>d$ z obsolete4 ,e man %\ld be /rong en\gh to be> 8 own burd5s4 ,if n1 he is a drag to ! onw>d progress ( humanity1 & to assi/ him is to d evil & n good4 ,if y help ! weak1 y s f> =? assi/ 9 p]petuat+ an inf]ior type ( manhood4 ,nietzs*e's ,moralic ,acid4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ! def9ition ( religion giv5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t %\ld be revis$1 ,d ju/ice1 love m]cy1 & walk humbly be=e ?y ,god4 ,9 do+ ju/ice we mu/ fir/ be j to self2 9 lov+ m]cy x mu/ n be at ! exp5se ( our own int]e/s & advantage1 & we mu/ n walk s humbly be=e our ,god z to give to ! _w ! appe>ance ( weakness or lack ( indep5d5ce4 ,z ,nietzs*e insi/s1 ,! man :o loves 8 neighbor z himself mu/ h an exce$+ly poor op9ion ( himself4 ,if ! race is to be p]fect$1 ev]y?+ & e p]son mu/ be sacrific$ 9 ord] to produce & pres]ve ! /rong man at all haz>ds4 ,!re is a k9d ( moralic acid1 z ,nietzs*e /yles x1 :i* is corrod+ ! /r5g? ( humanity 9 our mod]n day4 ,we h disc\rs$ too mu* ( "*1 too little ( p[]2 too mu* ( self-sacrifice & too little ( self-ass]tion2 too mu* ( "r1 too little ( might4 ,consci5ce n only int]f]es ) success1 b also prev5ts ! evolution ( a sup]ior type ( man1 t sup]man :o is n con/ra9$ by duty nor limit$ by law1 liv+ 8 life beyond good & evil4 ,! s]i\s "q :i* pres5ts itself to our m9ds at ?is "t is :e!r our mod]n _w has n be5 unconsci\sly incorporat+ ^! ideas into its liv+ beliefs--t is1 ^? beliefs :i* reveal !mselves 9 actual liv+ & do+1 9 daily purpose1 9 ! adaptation ( means to ends1 9 ! de$s :i* ! _w honors1 & 9 ! a*ievem5ts :i* x cr[ns ) glory4 ,!re are _m p]sons :o w\ld n h ! frankness ( ,nietzs*e to say t might makes "r1 & t a moral s5se is ! great ob/acle to progress1 & t 9 vigor\s eras noble civilizations see some?+ contemptible 9 sympa?y1 9 bro!rly love1 9 ! lack ( self-ass]tion & self-reliance4 ,our mod]n _w may n explicitly subscribe to su* doctr9es 9 _! extreme & exagg]at$ expression1 b nev]!less may be unconsci\sly influ5c$ by !m4 ,our real op9ions1 h[ev]1 are to be te/$ by our s5se ( values z reveal$ by ! ?+s :i* we crave1 :i* we set our he>ts ^u1 :i* we /rive e>ly & late to ga91 & sacrifice all else 9 ord] to secure4 ,h we n (f]$ our pray]s to ! ,god ( might r ?an ! ,god ( righte\sness1 to ! ,god ( p[] r ?an ! ,god ( ju/ice1 ! ,god ( m]cy & ( love8 ,! "t has come1 9 my op9ion1 = u to take acc\nt ( ! ?+s :i* we really believe1 & ( ! ,god ,:om we really wor%ip4 ,if we h be5 foll[+ false gods1 let u hone/ly endeavor to re-e/abli% fundam5tal & ess5tial values1 to discov] anew :at is ( supreme wor? & set our faces resolutely t[>d its realization4 ,! ne$ ( our mod]n _w today is ! same z t ( ! anci5t _w at ! "t ( ! com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,8 message to ! _w z indicat$ by ,8 tea*+1 & ,8 life 0 an arraignm5t ( ! anci5t rgime z reg>ds ?ree crucial po9ts4 ,! ,bro!rhood ( ,man4 ,fir/1 ! religi\s & moral beliefs ( t age _h become purely =mal4 ,!re 0 ! lett] ( conviction1 b n ! _s ( x4 ,! cre$1 ! ritual1 ! c]emony 7 !re1 b ! life _h dep>t$4 ,& s today our beliefs h lo/ vitality to a l>ge ext5t because we h be5 cont5t to indulge 9 =mulas (t repeat$1 :i* h ceas$ to h significance = our ?\ghts or = our feel+s4 ,we h all[$ ourselves to be betray$ by words :i* are m]e s\nds )\t sub/ance4 ,we h v]baliz$ our beliefs1 & h depot5tial$ !m ( vital significance4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! phrases1 ,! fa!rhood ( ,god & ,! bro!rhood ( man4 ,!y h be5 s (t5 ^u our lips z to become trite2 _! real mean+ has disappe>$4 ,x is easy to repeat ! words1 & to be satisfi$ ) ! repetition1 & nev]!less rema9 :olly ins5sible to _! pr(\nd import1 & "u no compulsion :atsoev] to obey _! sublime comm&4 ,we ass5t to ! =mula3 b x does n become a det]m9+ factor 9 our purposes & plans4 ,!re is p]haps no age 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w :i* has s emphasiz$ ! idea ( ! bro!rhood ( man z our own1 & nev] 9 all hi/ory has !re be5 su* a d5ial ( ?is idea z by ! pres5t ,european w>4 ,if ! bro!rhood ( man _h be5 ! liv+1 dom9ant idea ( our civilization1 c\ld ?is pres5t trag$y ( ! nations h occurr$8 ,if ! _w _h believ$ pr(\ndly 9 ! idea ( ,god1 w\ld we n[ be daily read+ ( ! gha/ly sc5es :]e human life is no long] sacr$1 :]e love gives place to hate1 :]e ! con/ructive =ces ( ! _w are sup]s$$ by ! de/ructive1 & all ! passions ( man's brute inh]itance are giv5 full play & scope8 ,second--,9 ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ !re 0 a rem>kable expansion ( ! idea ( ,god4 ,in/ead ( ! tribal ,god wor%ipp$ z ! ,god ( ,abraham1 & ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 ,he sub/itut$ ! idea ( ,god1 z ! ,god ( all peoples & all races1 ! ,god ( ! ,jew & ,g5tile1 ( ! ,greek & b>b>ian1 ( ! bond & ! free4 ,x 0 ! great apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles :o at ! c5tre ( ,greek civilization ann\nc$ ?is fundam5tal conception ( ,*ri/ianity to ! old _w3 ,god ha? made ( "o blood all nations ( m5 = to dwell on all ! face ( ! e>?4 ,?is 0 ! sublime idea ( ! ,god ( a unit$ humanity4 ,! ,god ( ! tribe _h giv5 place to ! ,god ( ! :ole _w4 ,t conception 0 v =eign to ! popul> religi\s notions curr5t at ! "t ( ,*ri/1 & x seems /ill fur!r away f our ideas ( ! pres5t day4 ,x is a v n>r[ & circumscrib$ view ( ,god to reg>d ,him z conc]n$ m]ely = our little insul> affairs1 to reg>d ,him simply z a ,god ( ! individual or ( ! home1 or ev5 "o's nation4 ,he transc5ds all ^! limitations ( p>ticul> int]e/s & p>ticul> ne$s4 ,he is n m]ely our ,god b ! ,god ( all mank9d4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,israel call$ ,him ! ,god ( battle1 ! ,god ( ho/s1 t is1 ! "o :o w\ld give victory to !m 9 _! battles1 & :o w\ld prove ! lead] ( _! ho/s4 ,b ,*ri/ came to ! _w 9 ,god's "n to univ]salize ?is n>r[ tribal idea ( ,god1 proclaim+ peace on e>? & good w to m54 ,x 0 ! dawn ( a new era1 ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,t light :i* %one ^u ! old _w is d>k5$ by ! cl\d hang+ l[ ov] ,europe at ! pres5t "t4 ,we _c ?9k1 h[ev]1 t x is p]man5tly ext+ui%$4 ,to t light ! nations ( ! e>? mu/ aga9 return4 ,! ,area ( ,moral ,obligation4 ,?ird--,*ri/ gave to ! _w ( ,8 day an enl>g$ idea ( ! area ( moral obligation4 ,he insi/$ mo/ /\tly ^u ! expansion ( ! scope ( individual responsibility4 ,?is free+ ( ! idea ( duty f ! limitations ( race prejudice is a natural coroll>y to ! idea ( ! univ]sality ( ,god's relation to ! _w4 ,correspond+ to ! tribal view ( ,god !re is always an accompany+ idea ( ! re/rict$ obligation ( ! individual4 ,to c>e = "o's own family or "o's own clan or tribe & pres5t a ho/ile front to ! re/ ( mank9d has always be5 ! *>act]i/ic feature ( primitive morality4 ,x 0 peculi>ly ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ :i* br\ght to ! _w ! idea t ! area ( moral obligation is co-ext5sive ) ! _w itself4 ,!re are no racial or national l9es :i* c limit ! ext5t ( our responsibility4 ,! _w today ne$s to le>n ?is lesson anew1 & x is evid5t t x mu/ acquire ?is k ?r\gh bitt] & desp]ate exp]i5ces4 ,we mu/ int]pret 9 ?is l>ge s5se ! great moral dictum ( ! ,g]man philosoph]1 ,kant1 t e "o 9 a p>ticul> circum/ance %\ld act z he w\ld wi% all m5 to act if simil>ly circum/anc$ & condition$4 ,?is is ! complete univ]saliz+ ( our moral obligations--/ripp+ our s5se ( duty ( ev]y?+ t is p>ticul> & local & isolat$4 ,! natural t5d5cy ( human nature is to p>ticul>ize our relations to ,god & b\nd our relations to our fell[-m52 to n>r[ our relations to ,god s z to embrace only our dire/ ne$s1 & to circumscribe our relations to man s z to include 9 ! field ( responsibility only ^? :o are our k9 or our own k9d4 ,! "t has c]ta9ly come = u to take l>g] views ( ! _w1 ( man1 & ( ,god4 ,aft] ! great calamity ( ?is pres5t w> is pass$ !re mu/ necess>ily foll[ a p]iod ( recon/ruction4 ,x w n be m]ely ! recon/ruction ( national res\rces & int]national relations1 b x mu/ be also a recon/ruction ( our fundam5tal conceptions ( man & ( ! relation ( man to man ! _w ov]1 & ( ! relation also ( man to ,god4 ,we mu/ ask anew ! "q1 ,:o is our neighbor8 ,9 ?is great moral ent]prise y w naturally play a l>ge & significant "p1 = y belong to ! class ( m5 :o are expect$ to h /rong & decid$ op9ions 9 ! face ( a great _w crisis1 & are capable ( lead+ o!rs t[>d ! goal ( a reg5]at$ humanity4 ,to "k ! "r & to ma9ta9 x1 to fight aga9/ ! wrong1 to imp>t c\rage to ! timid1 /r5g? to ! weak1 & hope to ! fa9t-he>t$2 to =get self 9 ! s]vice ( o!rs & ext5d a human sympa?y to ! ends ( ! e>?1 ?is is y\r vocation4 ,x is ! call ( ! _w1 x is ! voice ( "o call+ to y out ( a di/ant pa/ across ! n9ete5 ,*ri/ian c5turies2 x is ! _s ( ! ye>s to come1 summon+ y to e/abli% ! ,k+dom ( ,god ^u e>?4 ,,jeanne ,d',,arc--#aiad4 ,by ,,alma ,,durant ,,nicolson4 ,rise f ! buri$ ages1 ,o ?\ ,maid1 ,rise f ?y glori\s a%es1 unafraid1 ,& :]esoe'er ?y ,bro!rs ne$ !e mo/1 ,arise aga91 to lead ?y tireless ho/4 ,france calls !e z %e call$ 9 days gone by6 ,%e calls ?y _s :]e h] soldi]s die2 ,%e kn[s ?y c\rage & ?y sacrifice1 ,& wills today to pay ! selfsame price1 ,all-confid5t t :5 ! "w is done1 ,%e %all behold h] ,honor sav$ & ,victory won4 ,god calls !e1 ,maid1 f out ! ,pa/-- ,! ,pa/ ( ,france :]e ?y /range lot 0 ca/-- ,& bid'/ !e fl+ ab\t ?is fe>ful h\r ,?y dauntless ,fai?1 t 0 ?y magic ,p[]4 ,& ,fre$om calls1 ) all-impell+ voice1 ,%e calls ! ,sons ( ,france1 & leaves no *oice1 ,no wav] & no alt]nat+ w2 ,:]e ,fre$om calls1 all o!r calls are /ill1 ,all-confid5t t :5 h] "w is done ,ye %all behold y\r ,c\ntry sav$ & ,victory won4 ,! ,kais] & ,belgium ,by ,john ,w4 ,burgess4 ,dean ( ! ,faculties ( ,political ,sci5ce1 ,philosophy1 ,pure ,sci5ce1 & ! f9e ,arts at ,columbia ,univ]sity2 ,roosevelt ,pr(essor ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory & ,in/itutions at ,fri$ri* ,wilhelms ,univ]sity1 ,b]l91 #aijf-g2 ,visit+ ,am]ican ,pr(essor to ,au/rian ,univ]sities1 #aiad-ae2 ,decorat$1 ,ord] ( ,prussian ,cr[n by ! ,g]man ,emp]or & ,ord] ( ! ,albre*ts by ! ,k+ ( ,saxony4 ,,fir/ ,,article4 ,x is (t5 said by hi/orians t no truly great man is e really und]/ood by ! g5]ation1 & 9 ! age1 = :i* he labors4 ,_m in/ances ( ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t c be easily cit$4 ,two ( ! mo/ flagrant h come )9 ! range ( my own p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,! fir/ 0 ! "* ( ,abraham ,l9coln z depict$ by ! ,briti% press ( #ahfj-fd & z conceiv$ by ! ,briti% public op9ion ( t era4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,adams1 son & private secret>y ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,francis ,adams1 our ,m9i/] ,pl5ipot5ti>y to ,great ,brita9 dur+ t critical era 9 our hi/ory1 writes1 9 t fasc9at+ book ( 8 entitl$ ,! ,education ( ,h5ry ,adams1 t ,london 0 altoge!r beside itself on "o po9t1 9 especial2 x creat$ a nightm>e ( its own1 & gave x ! %ape ( ,abraham ,l9coln4 ,beh9d ?is x plac$ ano!r demon1 if possible m devili%1 & call$ x ,mr4 ,sew>d4 ,9 reg>d to ^! two m5 ,engli% society seem$ dem5t$4 ,def5se 0 useless3 explanation 0 va94 ,"o c\ld only let ! passion exhau/ itself4 ,"o's be/ fri5ds 7 z unreasonable z enemies1 = ! belief 9 poor ,mr4 ,l9coln's brutality & ,sew>d's f]ocity became a dogma ( popul> fai?4 ,adams relates fur!r t ! la/ "t he saw ,?ack]ay at ,*ri/mas ( #ahfc !y spoke ( _! mutual fri5d ,mrs4 ,frank ,hampton ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :om ,?ack]ay _h portray$ z ,e!l ,newcome1 & :o _h rec5tly pass$ away f life4 ,?ack]ay _h read 9 ! ,briti% pap]s t h] p>5ts _h be5 prev5t$ by ! ,f$]al soldi]s f pass+ ?r\gh ! l9es to see h] on h] dea?b$4 ,adams writes t 9 speak+ ( x ,?ack]ay's voice trembl$ & 8 eyes fill$ ) te>s4 ,! co>se cruelty ( ,l9coln & 8 hirel+s 0 notori\s4 ,he nev] d\bt$ t ! ,f$]als made a bus9ess ( h>r[+ ! t5d]e/ feel+s ( wom5--p>ticul>ly ( wom5--9 ord] to puni% _! oppon5ts4 ,on q insuffici5t evid5ce he bur/ into reproa*4 ,_h he 7,adams7 c>ri$ 9 8 pocket ! pro(s t ! reproa* 0 unju/ he w\ld h ga9$ no?+ by %[+ !m4 ,at t mom5t ,?ack]ay1 & all ,london society ) him1 ne$$ ! n]v\s relief ( express+ emotions2 = if ,mr4 ,l9coln 0 n :at !y said he 01 :at 7 !y8 ,mr4 ,l9coln s5t ov] our mo/ skillful politician1 ,?url[ ,we$1 & our mo/ able con/itutional lawy]1 ,william ,m4 ,ev>ts1 & lat] our mo/ brilliant orator1 ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]1 foll[$1 = ! purpose ( br++ ! ,briti% p to _! s5ses & correct+ ,briti% op9ion1 b all to little purpose4 ,gettysburg & ,vicksburg did f> m t[>d modify+ t op9ion ?an ! p]suasiv5ess ( ,we$1 ! logic ( ,ev>ts1 or ! eloqu5ce ( ,bee*]1 & x took ,*attanooga1 ! ,m>* to ! ,sea1 & ,appomattox to dispel ! illusion entirely4 ,today we are labor+ "u a no less s+ul> illusion ?an 7 ! ,engli% 9 #ahfb4 ,! conception prevail+ 9 ,engl& & 9 ?is c\ntry conc]n+ ! physical1 m5tal1 & moral make-up ( ! ,g]man ,emp]or is ! monum5tal c>icature ( biographical lit]ature4 ,i h _h ! privilege ( 8 p]sonal acqua9tance n[ = ne>ly t5 ye>s4 ,i h be5 br\ght into contact ) him 9 _m diff]5t ways & "u _m v>y+ conditions1 at ,c\rt & ,/ate functions1 at univ]sity c]emonies & celebrations1 at 8 table1 & by 8 fireside surr\nd$ by 8 family1 :5 9 ! mid/ ( 8 (ficials1 8 m5 ( sci5ce1 & 8 p]sonal fri5ds1 &1 m in/ructive ?an all1 alone 9 ! imp]ial home 9 ,b]l9 & at ,potsdam & 9 ! ca/le & =e/ at ,wilhelm%he4 ,) all ?is exp]i5ce1 ) all ?is opportunity = obs]vation at close range1 ,i am h>dly able to recognize a s+le *>act]i/ic usually attribut$ to him by ! ,briti% & ,am]ican press ( today4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,emp]or is an impressive man physically4 ,he is n a giant 9 /ature1 b a man ( m$ium size1 great /r5g? & endurance1 & ( agile & graceful movem5t4 ,he looks e in* a lead] ( m54 ,8 f9e gray-blue eyes are peculi>ly fasc9at+4 ,i saw him once seat$ beside 8 uncle1 ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii41 & ! contra/ 0 v /rik+1 & greatly 9 8 favor4 ,9 ! second place1 ! ,emp]or is an exce$+ly intellig5t & highly cultivat$ man4 ,8 m5tal processes are swift1 b !y g also v deep4 ,he is a se>*+ inquir]1 & que/ions & li/5s m ?an he talks4 ,8 fund ( k is imm5se & sometimes a/oni%+4 ,he manife/s int]e/ 9 ev]y?+1 ev5 to ! smalle/ detail1 :i* c h any be>+ ^u human improvem5t4 ,i rememb] a half h\r's conv]sation ) him once ov] a cupp+ glass1 :i* he _h gott5 f an excavation 9 ! ,roman ru9 call$ ! ,saalburg1 ne> ,homburg4 ,he always appe>$ to me mo/ deeply conc]n$ ) ! arts ( peace4 ,i h nev] he>d him speak mu* ( w>1 & !n always ) abhorr5ce1 nor mu* ( milit>y matt]s1 b improv$ agriculture1 inv5tion1 & manufacture1 & especially comm]ce & education 9 all _! ramifications1 7 ! *ief subjects ( 8 ?\ght & conv]sation4 ,i h _h ! privilege ( association ) _m highly intellig5t & pr(\ndly le>n$ m51 b ,i h nev] acquir$ z mu* k1 9 ! same "t1 f any man :om ,i h ev] met1 z f ! ,g]man ,emp]or4 ,& yet1 ) all ?is real sup]iority ( m9d & education1 8 def]5ce to ! op9ions ( o!rs is rem>kable4 ,arrogance is "o ( ! qualities mo/ (t5 attribut$ to him1 b he is ! only rul] ,i ev] saw 9 :om !re appe>$ to be absolutely no arrogance4 ,he meets y z man meets man & makes y feel t y are requir$ to yield to no?+ b ! bett] reason4 ,a ,man ( ,w>m ,affections4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ! ,emp]or impress$ me z a man ( he>t1 ( w>m affections1 & ( great consid]ation = ! feel+s & well-be+ ( o!rs4 ,he c n1 at lea/ does n1 conceal 8 rev]5ce =1 & devotion to1 ! ,empress1 or 8 love = 8 *ildr51 or 8 atta*m5t to 8 fri5ds4 ,he always speaks ( ,que5 ,victoria & ( ! ,empress ,fri$ri* ) ! greate/ v5]ation1 & once :5 speak+ to me ( an old ,am]ican fri5d :o _h turn$ ^u him he said t x 0 difficult = him to give up an old fri5d1 "r or wrong1 & impossible :5 he believ$ him to be 9 ! "r4 ,8 manife/ respect & affection = 8 old & tri$ (ficials1 su* z ,lucanus & zu ,eul5burg & von ,/udt & ,besel] & ,al?(f1 give /rong evid5ce ( ! w>m? & dep? ( 8 nature4 ,8 consid]ation = ,am]icans1 especially1 has always be5 rem>kable4 ,x 0 at 8 sugge/ion t ! ex*ange ( educators betwe5 ! univ]sities ( ,g]many & ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 e/abli%$1 & x has be5 8 cu/om to be pres5t at ! op5+ lecture ( ea* new incumb5t ( ^! positions at ! ,univ]sity ( ,b]l91 & to greet him & welcome him to 8 "w4 ,he is also ! fir/ to ext5d to ^! =eign educators hospitality & social att5tion4 ,to any "o :o has exp]i5c$ 8 he>ty welcome to 8 l& & 8 home ! ass]tion t he is arrogant & autocratic is s f> away f tru? z to be ludicr\s4 ,aga9 ,i mu/ say t ,i h nev] met a rul]1 9 mon>*y or republic1 9 :om g5u9e democratic g5iality 0 a s pr$om9ant *>act]i/ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,frankl9 ,h4 ,,gidd+s 7,photo by ! ,misses ,selby47 ,see ,page #ebf ,illu/ration3 ,,rudolf ,,euck5 ,see ,page #ecd ,b ! *>act]i/ic ( ! ,emp]or :i* /ruck me mo/ =cibly is 8 pr(\nd s5se ( duty & 8 read9ess = self-sacrifice = ! welf>e ( 8 c\ntry4 ,?is is a g5]al ,g]man trait4 ,x is ! mo/ admirable side ( ,g]man nature4 ,& ! ,emp]or is1 9 ?is respect especially1 _! ,pr9ceps4 ,i rememb] sitt+ beside him "o day1 :5 "o ( ! ladies ( 8 h\sehold ask$ me if ,i 7 acqua9t$ ) a c]ta9 weal?y ultra-fa%ionable ,new ,york social lead]4 ,i repli$1 by "n only4 ,%e press$ me to "k :y n m ne>ly1 :y n p]sonally4 ,& to ?is1 ,i repli$ t ,i 0 n ( h] class2 t ,i c\ld n amuse h]1 & t ,i did n approve ( ! frivol\s & demoraliz+ example & influ5ce ( "o s favorably circum/anc$ = do+ good4 ,! ,emp]or _h he>d ! conv]sation1 & he promptly said3 ,y "k 9 ,g]many we d n rate & classify p by _! mat]ial possessions1 b by ! importance ( ! s]vice !y r5d] to c\ntry1 culture1 & civilization4 ,"o ( 8 sons once told me t f 8 e>lie/ *ildhood 8 fa!r _h in/ill$ into 8 m9d ! lesson t devotion to duty & read9ess = sacrifice 7 ! c>d9al virtues ( a ,g]man1 especially ( a ,hoh5zoll]n4 ,8 days are p]iods ( con/ant labor & sev]e discipl9e4 ,he rises e>ly1 lives ab/emi\sly & works until f> into ! night4 ,!re is no day labor] 9 8 entire empire :o gives s _m h\rs p] diem to 8 "w4 ,8 nature is manife/ly deeply religi\s &1 9 e s5t5ce he speaks1 evid5ce ( 8 consci\sness t ! policeman's club _c take ! place ( religi\s & moral pr9ciple is reveal$4 ,8 frequ5t appeal = ,div9e aid 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 duties is prompt$ by ! conviction t ! heavi] ! duty ! m ne$ !re is ( t aid4 ,8 ,passion = ,g]man ,greatness4 ,he und\bt$ly has an int5se desire1 almo/ a passion1 = ! prosp]ity & greatness ( 8 c\ntry1 b 8 conception ( t prosp]ity & greatness is m spiritual & cultural ?an mat]ial & comm]cial4 ,m ?an once h ,i he>d him say t he desir$ to see ,g]many a weal?y c\ntry1 b only z ! result ( hone/ & prop]ly requit$ toil1 & t weal? acquir$ by =ce or fraud 0 m a curse ?an a bless+1 & 0 de/9$ to g z x _h come4 ,8 conception ( ! greatness ( ,g]many is z a great intellectual & moral p[] r ?an any?+ else4 ,its physical p[] he values *iefly z ! creator & ma9ta9] ( ! conditions necess>y to ! production & influ5ce ( ?is high] p[]4 ,i h (t5 he>d him express ?is ?\ght4 ,& 9 spite ( ?is t]rible w>1 ! responsibility = :i* is by s _m errone\sly laid at 8 door1 ,i firmly believe him to be a man ( peace4 ,i am absolutely sure t he has ent]$ ^u ?is w> only "u ! firm conviction t ,great ,brita91 ,france1 & ,russia h conspir$ to de/roy ,g]many z a _w p[]1 & t he is simply def5d+1 z he said 9 8 memorable spee* to ! ,rei*/ag1 ! place :i* ,god _h giv5 ! ,g]mans to dwell on4 ,= sev5 ye>s ,i myself h witness$ ! gr[? ( ?is conviction 9 8 m9d & t ( ! :ole ,g]man ,nation z ! evid5ces ( x h multipli$ f ye> to ye> until at la/ ! fatal h\r at ,s]ajevo /ruck4 ,i firmly believe t !re is no s\l 9 ?is wide _w ^u :om ! burd5 & grief ( ?is great cata/rophe s heavily re/ z ^u ! ,g]man ,emp]or4 ,i h he>d him decl>e ) ! greate/ e>ne/ness & solemnity t he consid]$ w> a dire calamity2 t ,g]many w\ld nev] dur+ 8 reign wage an (f5sive w>1 & t he hop$ ,god w\ld sp>e him f ! necessity ( ev] hav+ to conduct a def5sive w>4 ,= ye>s he has be5 consci\s t ,briti% diplomacy 0 seek+ to isolate & cru% ,g]many by an alliance ( ,lat91 ,slav1 & ,mongol "u ,briti% direction1 & he s\ght 9 e way to av]t x4 ,he visit$ ,engl& himself frequ5tly4 ,he s5t 8 ,m9i/]s ( ,/ate ov] to cultivate ! acqua9tance & fri5d%ip ( ! ,briti% ,m9i/]s1 b r>ely w\ld ! ,briti% ,k+ g himself to ,g]many or s5d 8 ,m9i/]s to return ^! visits4 ,m ?an once h ,i he>d him say t he 0 mo/ e>ne/ly desir\s ( close fri5d%ip betwe5 ,g]many1 ,great ,brita91 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & _h done1 0 do+1 & w\ld cont9ue to d1 all 9 8 p[] to promote x2 b t :ile ! ,am]icans 7 cordially meet+ ,g]many half way1 ! ,briti% 7 cold1 suspici\s1 & repell5t4 ,i "k t ! two ?+s :i* are giv+ him ! deepe/ pa9 9 ?is _w cata/rophe1 except+ only ! suff]+s ( 8 own k9dr$ & p1 are ! enmity ( ,great ,brita9 & ! misund]/&+ ( 8 "*1 feel+s1 & purposes 9 ,am]ica4 ,to rem$y ! fir/ we "h c d no?+1 b to dispel ! second is our b\nd5 duty2 & ,i dev\tly hope t o!r evid5ce may prove suffici5t to d ?is to ! satisfaction ( ! m9ds ( my c\ntrym5 ?an 0 necess>y to conv9ce ! ,briti% ,nation t ! great-he>t$ ,abraham ,l9coln 0 n a brute nor ! urbane ,william ,h4 ,sew>d a demon ( f]ocity4 ,reply to ,pr(4 ,burgess ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,! ,burgess ,kais] is a truly admirable p]son4 ,e "r-m9d$ man w be only too glad to believe all t ,pr(4 ,burgess affirms ( him4 ,to be sure1 !re is a lurk+ s5se t ! pr(essor do? prote/ too mu*4 ,b let t g4 ,9 ! pres5t topsy-turvy /ate ( ! _w x is refre%+ to he> ( a man :o loves 8 wife & *ildr5 9 ! good1 old way4 ,b j n[ ! _w is n int]e/$ 9 ! private1 p]sonal1 peculi>ly ,g]man *>act]i/ics ( ! ,kais]4 ,we outsid]s mu/ take him z he is kn[n to ! int]national _w4 ,we ( c\rse tru/ t he is an able1 cultivat$1 attractive g5tleman4 ,!re are _m su* 9 ! _w4 ,b ?is g5tleman happ5s to be ! head ( "o ( ! great nations4 ,our int]e/ 9 him c5tres 9 8 relations to 8 neighbor nations4 ,an ,engli% fri5d ( m9e 0 appo9t$ to duty 9 a tribe ( savages 9 ,africa4 ,i dislike to call !m savages aft] ! te/imony ( my fri5d4 ,b !y 7 j pla91 nak$ folk1 liv+ 9 primitive simplicity 9 _! native l&4 ,! *ief ( ?is little tribe 01 z my fri5d ass]ts1 a sup]ior man1 &1 9 spite ( 8 undress1 a good deal ( a g5tleman4 ,9 physique he 0 sup]b4 ,a sculptor's he>t w\ld h leap$ = joy at sight ( him4 ,my fri5d said to see him tea*+ 8 "y son to ?r[ a spe> 0 a sort ( physical music4 ,he himself c\ld ?r[ a spe> to an incr$ible di/ance ) ! precision ( a rifle %ot4 ,he rul$ 8 little k+dom ) surpris+ wisdom & fairness4 ,he 0 welcom$ ev]y:]e among 8 p z ! fri5d & c\nselor4 ,8 family relations 7 unimpea*able4 ,! same 0 true ?r\gh\t ! tribe4 ,he 0 dev\tly pi\s4 ,9 %ort1 he 0 a ,burgess ,kais] 9 ! small4 ,b he 0 ! w> "l ( all t region4 ,he 0 fi]cely jeal\s ( all ! neighbor+ tribes4 ,he kept 8 own p arm$ & drill$ to ! top ( effici5cy1 ready = attack or def5se4 ,he 0 not$ = 8 hatr$ & contempt = 8 p except 8 own4 ,8 =ays 7 m>k$ by savage cruelty4 ,8 milit>y necessities /opp$ at no?+4 ,ne$ x be said t ! surr\nd+ tribes 7 9 n[ise int]e/$ 9 ?is *ief's physique or dome/ic virtues1 or 9 8 fidelity to 8 own p8 ,x is safe to affirm t ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t did n ask :e!r he _h ! body ( a ,mi*ael ,angelo's ,david or ( a baboon f ! jungle4 ,x did n ask :e!r he 0 good to 8 wife & *ildr54 ,mo/ animals are4 ,x did n c>e h[ devot$ he 0 to 8 feti*4 ,! sole "q 01 ,:at sort ( public citiz5 is he8 ,h[ does he /& relat$ to surr\nd+ peoples8 ,on :at t]ms does he propose to live ) !m8 ,t precisely is :at we want to "k ab\t ! ,kais]4 ,=tunately1 we d n h to ask ,pr(4 ,burgess1 or any gr\p ( savants1 or ! ,g]man p4 ,! ,kais]'s record is kn[n & read ( all m54 ,,james ,h4 ,,ecob1 ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,social ,s]vice4 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #ba1 #aiad4 ,,pr(4 ,,burgess',s ,,second ,,article4 ,! ,gu>antee ( ,belgian ,neutrality ,s mu* has be5 said ab\t ,belgian neutrality1 s mu* assum$1 & x has be5 su* a /umbl+ block 9 ! way ( any real & compreh5sive und]/&+ ( ! causes & purposes ( ! great ,european cata/rophe1 t x may be well to exam9e ! basis ( x & endeavor to get an exact idea ( ! scope & obligation4 ,( c\rse1 we are consid]+ "h ! "q ( gu>ante$ neutrality1 n ! ord9>y neutrality enjoy$ by all ,/ates n at w>1 :5 "s ,/ates are at w>2 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ord9>y neutrality & gu>ante$ neutrality be+ t no ,/ate is "u any obligation to def5d ! ord9>y neutrality ( any o!r ,/ate aga9/ infr+em5t by a bellig]5t1 & no bellig]5t is "u any special obligation to obs]ve x4 ,gu>ante$ neutrality is1 !re=e1 purely a "q ( specific agreem5t betwe5 ,/ates4 ,on ! #ai? day ( ,april1 #ahci1 ,belgium & ,holl&1 :i* f #ahae to #ahcj _h =m$ ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 sign$ a treaty ( sep>ation f1 & indep5d5ce (1 ea* o!r4 ,x is 9 ?is treaty t ! orig9al pl$ge ( ,belgian neutrality is to be f\nd4 ,! clause ( ! treaty reads3 ,belgium 9 ! limits above describ$ %all =m an indep5d5t neutral ,/ate & %all be b\nd to obs]ve ! same neutrality t[>d all o!r ,/ates4 ,on ! same day & at ! same place1 7,london17 a treaty1 kn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( diplomacy z ! ,qu9tuple ,treaty1 0 sign$ by ,great ,brita91 ,france1 ,prussia1 ,au/ria1 & ,russia1 approv+ & adopt+ ! treaty betwe5 ,belgium & ,holl&4 ,a little lat]1 ,may #aa1 ! ,g]man ,conf$]ation1 ( :i* bo? ,au/ria & ,prussia 7 memb]s1 also ratifi$ ?is treaty4 ,9 ! ye> #ahff ! ,g]man ,conf$]ation 0 dissolv$ by ! w> betwe5 ,au/ria & ,prussia1 occasion$ by ! ,s*leswig-,hol/e9 "q4 ,9 #ahfg ! ,nor? ,g]man ,union 0 =m$1 ( :i* ,prussia 0 ! lead+ ,/ate1 :ile ,au/ria & ! ,g]man ,/ates s\? ( ! ,riv] ,ma9 7 left out ( x altoge!r4 ,did ^! *anges r5d] ! gu>antees ( ! ,treaty ( #ahci obsolete & !reby abrogate !m1 or at lea/ weak5 !m & make !m an unc]ta9 reliance8 ,! te/ ( ?is came 9 ! ye> #ahgj1 at ! beg9n+ ( ho/ilities betwe5 ,france & ! ,nor? ,g]man ,union4 ,great ,brita91 ! p[] mo/ int]e/$ 9 ! ma9t5ance ( ,belgian neutrality1 seems to h _h consid]able appreh5sion ab\t x4 ,mr4 ,glad/one1 !n ,prime ,m9i/]1 said 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons3 ,i am n able to subscribe to ! doctr9e ( ^? :o h held 9 ?is ,h\se :at pla9ly am\nts to an ass]tion t ! simple fact ( ! exi/5ce ( a gu>antee is b9d+ on e p>ty to x1 irrespective altoge!r ( ! p>ticul> position 9 :i* x may f9d itself :5 ! occasion = act+ on ! gu>antee arises4 ,a ,"o-,ye> ,treaty4 ,proce$+ ^u ?is view1 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t !n s\ght & procur$ f ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t & f ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,nor? ,g]man ,union sep>ate b id5tical treaties gu>antee+ ) ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t ! neutrality ( ,belgium dur+ ! p]iod ( ! w> betwe5 ,france & ! ,nor? ,g]man ,union1 ! s-call$ ,franco-,prussian w>1 :i* _h j brok5 out1 & = "o ye> f ! date ( its t]m9ation4 ,9 ^! treaties x is also to be rem>k$ t ,great ,brita9 limit$ ! possible op]ation ( h] milit>y =ce 9 ma9ta9+ ! neutrality ( ,belgium to ! t]ritory ( ! ,/ate ( ,belgium4 ,^! treaties expir$ 9 ! ye> #ahgb1 & ! pres5t ,g]man ,empire has nev] sign$ any treaty gu>antee+ ! neutrality ( ,belgium4 ,moreov]1 betwe5 #ahgb & #aiad ,belgium became :at is n[ t]m$ a _w p[]2 t is1 x rea*$ a population ( ne>ly #i1jjj1jjj p1 x _h a well-organiz$1 well-equipp$ army ( ov] #bjj1jjj m5 & p[]ful =tifications = its own def5se2 x _h acquir$ & 0 hold+ colonies cov]+ #a1jjj1jjj squ>e miles ( t]ritory1 inhabit$ by #ae1jjj1jjj m51 & x _h active comm]ce1 m$iat$ by its own m>9e1 ) _m1 if n all1 p>ts ( ! _w4 ,n[1 ^! ?+s are n at all compatible 9 pr9ciple ) a specially gu>ante$ neutrality ( ! ,/ate :i* possesses !m4 ,! ,/ate :i* possesses !m has gr[n out ( its swaddl+ clo!s1 has arriv$ at ! age & condition ( maturity & self-protection1 & has pass$ ! age :5 specially gu>ante$ neutrality is natural4 ,f all ^! consid]ations1 ,i ?9k x extremely d\btful :e!r1 on ! fir/ day ( ,augu/1 #aiad1 ,belgium %\ld h be5 consid]$ z possess+ any o!r k9d ( neutrality ?an ! ord9>y neutrality enjoy$ by all ,/ates n at w>1 :5 "s ,/ates are at w>4 ,9 fact1 x rema9s to be se5 :e!r ,belgium itself _h n =feit$ ! privilege ( ?is ord9>y neutrality be=e a s+le ,g]man soldi] _h plac$ foot on ,belgian soil4 ,a few days ago ,i receiv$ a lett] f "o ( ! mo/ prom95t pr(essors 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,b]l91 :o is also 9 close contact ) ! ,prussian ,m9i/ry ( ,education1 a man 9 ^: v]acity ,i place p]fect confid5ce1 hav+ kn[n him well = t5 ye>s4 ,he writes3 ,our violation ( ! neutrality ( ,belgium 0 prompt$ 9 "p by ! fact t we _h conv9c+ pro( t !re 7 ,fr5* soldi]s already 9 ,belgium & t ,belgium _h agre$ to all[ ! ,fr5* ,army to pass ov] its soil 9 case ( a w> betwe5 ,france & u4 ,moreov]1 9 ! ,briti% ,:ite ,pap] itself1 ,no4 #abb1 is to be f\nd a dispat* f ! ,briti% ,ambassador 9 ,b]l91 ,sir ,e4 ,gos*51 to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey1 conta9+ ^! words3 ,x appe>s f :at he ! ,g]man ,secret>y ( ,=eign ,affairs said t ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t consid] t c]ta9 ho/ile acts h already be5 committ$ by ,belgium4 ,z an in/ance ( ?is1 he alleg$ t a consignm5t ( corn = ,g]many _h be5 plac$ "u an emb>go already4 ,! date ( ?is dispat* is ,july #ca1 days be=e ! ,g]mans ent]$ ,belgium4 ,b plac+ ^! two ?+s entirely aside1 z well z ! new evid5ce1 said to h j be5 f\nd 9 ! ar*ives at ,brussels1 t ,belgium _h by h] agreem5ts ) ,great ,brita9 =feit$ e claim to ev5 ord9>y neutrality 9 case ( a w> betwe5 ,g]many & ,great ,brita91 ,i f9d 9 ! ,briti% ,:ite ,pap] itself1 ,no4 #abc1 n only ample ju/ification1 b absolute necessity1 f a milit>y po9t ( view1 = a ,g]man army advanc+ aga9/ ,france1 n only to pass ?r\gh ,belgium1 b to occupy ,belgium4 ,?is numb] ( ! ,:ite ,pap] is a communication dat$ ,aug4 #a f ,sir ,edw>d ,grey to ,sir ,e4 ,gos*51 ,briti% ,ambassador 9 ,b]l94 ,9 x ,sir ,edw>d ,grey in=m$ ,sir ,e4 ,gos*5 t ! ,g]man ,ambassador 9 ,london ask$ him :e!r1 if ,g]many gave a promise n to violate ,belgian neutrality1 we1 ,great ,brita91 w\ld rema9 neutral1 & t he ,grey repli$ t he c\ld n say t1 t he did n ?9k ,great ,brita9 c\ld give a promise ( neutrality on t condition alone2 fur!r1 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey says3 ,! ,ambassador press$ me z to :e!r ,i c\ld n =mulate conditions on :i* we w\ld rema9 neutral4 ,he ev5 sugge/$ t ! integrity ( ,france & h] colonies might be gu>ante$4 ,i said t ,i felt oblig$ to refuse def9itely any promise to rema9 neutral on simil> t]ms1 & ,i c\ld only say t we mu/ keep our h&s free4 ,! ,necess>y ,invasions4 ,aft] ?is ,sir ,edw>d ,grey decl>$ 9 ,p>liam5t1 accord+ to newspap] reports1 t ,great ,brita9 /ood1 z to ,belgian neutrality1 on ! same gr\nd z 9 #ahgj4 ,) all due respect1 ,i _c s und]/& x4 ,9 #ahgj ,great ,brita9 rema9$ neutral 9 a w> betwe5 ! ,nor? ,g]man ,union & ,france1 &1 ) ! ,nor? ,g]man ,union1 gu>ante$ ,belgium aga9/ invasion by ,france1 &1 ) ,france1 gu>ante$ ,belgium aga9/ invasion by ! ,nor? ,g]man ,union4 ,on ,aug4 #a1 #aiad1 ! ,g]man ,empire ask$ ,great ,brita9 to d virtually ! same ?+1 & ,great ,brita9 refus$4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ,g]many :o /ood 9 #aiad on ! same gr\nd1 ) reg>d to ,belgium neutrality1 z %e did 9 #ahgj1 & x is ,great ,brita9 :o %ift$ h] position & virtually gave notice t %e h]self w\ld become a bellig]5t4 ,x 0 ?is notice s]v$ by ,sir ,edw>d ,grey on ! ,g]man ,ambassador 9 ,london on ,aug4 #a1 #aiad1 :i* made ! occupation ( ,belgium an absolute milit>y necessity to ! safety ( ! ,g]man armies advanc+ aga9/ ,france4 ,o!rwise !y w\ld1 s f> z ! wit ( man c\ld div9e1 h left _! "r flank expos$ to ! advance ( a ,briti% army ?r\gh ,belgium1 & !re c]ta9ly 0 no ,g]man comm&] s absolutely b]eft ( all milit>y k or in/9ct z to h committ$ s pat5t an error4 ,belgium has ,great ,brita9 to ?ank = e drop ( blood %$ by h] p1 & e franc ( damage inflict$ )9 h] t]ritory dur+ ?is w>4 ,) a million ( ,g]man soldi]s on h] ea/]n bord] dem&+ unh9d]$ passage ?r\gh "o end ( h] t]ritory1 "u ! pl$ge ( gu>d+ h] indep5d5ce & integrity & reimburs+ e franc ( damage1 & no ,briti% =ce ne>] ?an ,dov]1 across ! ,*annel1 x 0 "o ( ! mo/ inconsid]ate1 reckless1 & selfi% acts ev] committ$ by a great p[] :5 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey direct$1 z is /at$ 9 ,no4 #aee ( ! ,briti% ,:ite ,pap]1 ! ,briti% ,envoy 9 ,brussels to in=m ! ,belgian ,gov]nm5t t if pressure is appli$ to !m by ,g]many to induce !m to dep>t f neutrality1 8 ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t expects t !y w resi/ by any means 9 _! p[]4 ,x is pla9 en\gh t ,great ,brita9 0 n ?9k+ s mu* ( protect+ ,belgium z ( ,belgium protect+ h]1 until %e c\ld prep>e to attack ,g]many 9 conc]t ) ,russia & ,france4 ,%e 0 will+ to let ,belgium1 yea almo/ to comm& ,belgium1 to take ! fe>ful risk ( complete de/ruction 9 ord] t %e might ga9 a little "t 9 p]fect+ ! co-op]ation ( ,russia & ,france ) h]self = ! cru%+ ( ,g]many1 & 9 ord] to hold ! public op9ion ( neutral p[]s1 especially ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 9 lea% "u ! *ivalr\s issue ( protect+ a weak] c\ntry1 :i* %e has done little or no?+ to protect1 b :i* %e c\ld h effectively protect$ by simply rema9+ neutral h]self4 ,we ,am]icans h be5 greatly confus$ 9 m9d 9 reg>d to ! issues ( ?is w>4 ,we h conf\nd$ causes & occasions & purposes & incid5ts until x has become almo/ impossible = any consid]able numb] ( u to =m a s\nd & correct judgm5t 9 reg>d to x4 ,b we %all em]ge f t nebul\s condition4 ,we are beg9n+ to see m cle>ly n[1 & x w\ld n surprise me greatly if ! means us$ = produc+ our confusion w\ld "s day come back1 if n to plague ! consci5ces1 at lea/ to foil ! purposes ( _! inv5tors4 ,reply to ,pr(4 ,burgess ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,pr(4 ,burgess's amaz+ communication on ,belgian neutrality omits an ess5tial piece ( evid5ce4 ,grant+1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t ! ,g]man ,empire might repudiate all treaty obligations ( ! e>li] ,g]man conf$]ations1 7v odd law1 ?is27 grant+ also ! /ill m novel plea t ,belgium _h outgr[n ! ne$1 & ! privilege ( neutralization1 ,g]many _h agre$ to treat all neutral p[]s "u ! foll[+ provisions ( ,! ,hague ,conv5tions ( #aijg conc]n+ ! rights & duties ( neutral p[]s3 #a4 ,! t]ritory ( neutral p[]s is inviolable4 #b4 ,bellig]5ts are =bidd5 to move troops or ei!r munitions ( w> or supplies across ! t]ritory ( a neutral p[]4 99 99 99 99 99 #e4 ,a neutral p[] mu/ n all[ any ( ! acts ref]r$ to 9 ,articles #b to #d to occur on its t]ritory4 ,?is pl$ge ! ,g]man ,empire _h solemnly made only sev5 ye>s ago4 ,x w\ld seem t ,pr(4 ,burgess may accept ! di/9ction ably made by ,pr(4 ,mn/]b]g betwe5 pl$ges ( national honor & m]e r\t9e agreem5ts1 plac+ ,hague treaties 9 ! latt] category4 ,! allegation t ,france & ,engl& secretly did unneutral acts 9 ,belgium is z yet )\t pro( ( any sort1 & mu/ be int]pret$ by ! commons5se consid]ation t a neutral ,belgium 0 a def5sive bulw>k = ,france & ,engl&4 ,to h tamp]$ ) h] neutrality w\ld h be5 motiveless folly4 ,h[ mu* m dec5t & moral ?an ,pr(4 ,burgess's meticul\s weigh+ ( national re9corporation z a means ( evad+ national obligations is ,*ancellor ,hollweg's robu/ plea ( national necessity6 ,pr(4 ,burgess's :ole moral & m5tal attitude 9 ?is case seems to be t ( a corporation lawy] gett+ a tru/ out ( a hole "u ! ,/atute ( ,limitations or by "s reorganiz+ dodge4 ,,frank ,,jewett ,,ma!r1 ,jr4 ,pr9ceton1 ,n4,j41 ,nov4 #d1 #aiad4 ,am]ica's ,p]il 9 ,judg+ ,g]many ,by ,william ,m4 ,sloane4 ,late ,se? ,l[ ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory at ,columbia ,univ]sity2 ex-,presid5t ,national ,in/itute ( ,arts & ,lett]s & ( ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association2 0 secret>y ( ,george ,bancr(t1 ! hi/orian1 9 ,b]l91 #ahgc-e2 au?or ( works on ,fr5* ,hi/ory4 ,! ,am]ican public has be5 c>efully tra9$ to avoid entanglem5t ) =eign affairs4 ,?is ,european w> 0 s unexpect$1 s entirely un=ese51 t we 7 at fir/ bewild]$1 & !n exasp]at$1 by our unread9ess to meet our own em]g5cies4 ,9 our ef=t to fix responsibility we !n became p>tisan to ! v]ge ( moral p>ticipation & _h to be call$ to our s5ses by ! wise proclamation & w>n+ ( our ,*ief ,magi/rate4 ,we/]n ,europe is a ne>] neighbor ?an ei!r ,c5tral or ,ea/]n1 & :at /]n c5sors p]mit u to "k is nicely calculat$ to ar\se our prejudice on "o side or ! o!r4 ,believ+ t1 ow+ to cable cutt+ & neutrality re/rictions ( wireless1 z yet ! pla9 tru? is n available1 we ask = a susp5sion ( judgm5t on bo? sides 9 ord] t our ,gov]nm5t may enjoy ! undivid$ support ( all ,am]ican citiz5s 9 its desire to secure a m9imum ( di/urbance to ! normal c\rse ( our comm]cial1 indu/rial1 & agricultural life by convulsions t are n ( our mak+4 ,fairness to ourselves means ju/ice 9 ! =mation & expression ( op9ion ab\t n "o or two b all ! p>ticipants 9 a /ruggle = ,european asc5d5cy1 ) :i* we h no?+ to d except z ov]:elm+ victory = ei!r side might br+ on a /ruggle = _w asc5d5cy1 ) :i*1 unhappily1 we might h mu* to d4 ,to contemplate su* a t]rible ev5t %\ld sob] u2 ! be/ prep>ation = x is absolute neutrality 9 ?\ght1 spee*1 & conduct4 ,our own hi/ory s9ce indep5d5ce is an unbrok5 record ( expansion & imp]ialism4 ,our contigu\s t]ritories h be5 acquir$ by compulsion1 :e!r ( w>1 ( pur*ase1 ( occupation1 or ( ex*ange4 ,we h tak5 advantage ( o!rs' dire necessity 9 ! case ( ,great ,brita91 ,france1 ,spa91 ,russia1 & ,mexico4 ,to rectify our fronti] we compell$ ! ,gladsd5 ,pur*ase )9 ! writ]'s lifetime4 ,z to our non-contigu\s possessions1 we hold !m by ! "r ( conque/ or revolution1 salv+ our consci5ces ) su* ca% indemnity z we ourselves h *os5 to pay1 & ev5 n[ we are consid]+ :at we *oose to pay1 n :at a dis9t]e/$ c\rt might consid] adequate1 = ! good-w ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,colombia1 a good-w desir$ solely & entirely = an additional safegu>d to ! ,panama ,canal & a prop to ! policy or doctr9e sub/itut$ by ! pres5t ,adm9i/ration = ! moribund ,monroe ,doctr9e4 ,9 no s+le in/ance ( virtual annexation or protectorate h we consult$ by popul> vote ei!r ! desires ( ^? inhabit+ ! respective t]ritories annex$ or ,! ,hague ,tribunal4 ,9 e case we h _h "o s+le plea & "o only--self-int]e/4 ,! entire ,am]ican cont95t s\? ( our fronti] we h clos$ to all ,european settlem5t1 !reby ma9ta9+ = m ?an a c5tury 9 a magnific5t t]ritory an imp]fect civilization :i* makes a sorry use ( natural res\rces :i* c\ld va/ly improve ! condition ( all mank9d if prop]ly us$4 ,?is is ! light 9 :i* ,european nations see u2 our id5tity 9 ?is policy f ! dawn ( our national exi/5ce onw>d !y consid] a pro( ( our national "*4 ,x diff]s 9 no respect f _! own policies except 9 "o4 ,b = !m ?is exception is basic4 ,we are a composite folk & !y are homog5e\s1 _! bl5d be+ approximately complete4 ,!y h "o language1 "o tradition1 "o set ( in/itutions & laws2 a unity ( lit]ature1 habits1 & me?od 9 life4 ,"s ,european ,/ates are composite1 b ea* compon5t "p claims & cultivates its own /yle & its own pr9ciples2 ea* ann\nces itself z a nationality ) a life to be ma9ta9$ & a de/9y to be wr\ght out someh[1 ei!r 9 peace or 9 conflict4 ,) p]haps a s+le exception1 !y h an ov]fl[ ( population1 due to natural g5]ation1 = ! com=t & happ9ess ( :i* !y seek ei!r an expansion ( t]ritory or an improvem5t 9 ! productivity ( _! home l&s2 = ^? :o mu/ emigrate !y passionately desire ! p]petuation ( _! nationality1 ) all x implies4 ,9 ^! respects !y d n diff] f u1 except t p]haps we are m det]m9$ & imp]i\s4 ,we _c ?9k politically 9 any o!r t]ms ?an ^? ( democratic gov]nm5t1 ei!r direct or repres5tative4 ,at ! pres5t h\r we are engag$ 9 ! v dubi\s exp]im5t ( direct popul> legislation & adm9i/ration4 ,we are try+ to *ange our ,gov]nm5t radically1 disc>d+ its repres5tative =m = t ( delegation4 ,! remote/ cause ( ?is is ! desire to amalgamate all our elem5ts into homog5eity4 ,s f> ?is policy has result$ 9 a dem&1 n = equality ( political & civil rights1 b = its ov]?r[1 sub/itut+ laws int5d$ to create social & economic equality by means ( class legislation4 ,^! facts are n to ! edification ( o!r civiliz$ ,/ates1 & subject u to h>% & contemptu\s criticism4 ,x is likewise v int]e/+ t app>5tly ! ,am]ican p believe 9 a mon>*ical democracy4 ,"o ( our typical fir/ citiz5s has rec5tly express$ 8 antipa?y to ! phrases ,my mon>*y1 ,my loyal p1 ,my loyal subjects1 us$ by "o ( ! ,g]man mon>*s 9 summon+ ! nation to w>1 z imply+ a dyna/ic or p]sonal own]%ip ( m54 ,av]se f ,milit>ism4 ,! ,am]ican masses dislike ! s\nd ( supreme w> "l1 b gladly admit _! own ,*ief ,magi/rate to be ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! army & navy4 ,to our e>s ! ?ree ,g]man words are (f5sive1 & well !y may be1 = 9 ! trea*]\s lit]al translation !y are willful p]v]sion2 b ! mu* /rong] ,engli% words are a delight to our democracy4 ,! phrases ( mon>*y are con/antly us$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by its ,k+ & its ,emp]or1 b give no (f5se to 8 loyal subjects1 ev5 ! mo/ radical1 :o delight 9 !m1 z app>5tly d our p ( ,briti% orig94 ,:y d !y give su* deep (f5se :5 employ$ by ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t ?r\gh its ,k+ & ,emp]or8 ,! social /ratification ( ,g]many is n z m>k$ z t ( ,great ,brita92 its ari/ocracy is f> less p[]ful2 & ,edw>d ,,vii4 prov$ t an adroit & willful ,engli% mon>* c\ld involve 8 loyal p deep] 9 h>mful1 secret alliances ?an ,william ,,ii41 ^: alliances & policies 7 & are unconceal$4 ,"o ( our greate/ hi/orians has e>n$ a brilliant reputation 9 ! conclusive pro( t oceans are ! _w's highways1 :ile its cont95ts are its b>ri]s4 ,to ! t]m milit>ism we atta* an opprobri\s mean+2 milit>ism is ! m infam\s 9 exact proportion to its effici5cy4 ,we h be5 at little pa9s to def9e x1 & z to c]ta9 ( its aspects are curi\sly complac5t4 ,! basic pr9ciple ( our own nationality has long be5 ! v vague ,monroe ,doctr9e1 by ! ass]tion ( :i* we h prev5t$ ! e/abli%m5t on our ne>e/ & remote/ fronti]s ( /rong milit>y p[]s1 :i* might 9 c]ta9 ev5ts compel u to ma9ta9 a p[]ful & num]\s /&+ army1 or ev5 introduce ! compulsory milit>y s]vice ( all vot]s1 7wom51 ( c\rse1 except$47 ,yet we propose to fight if necess>y 9 ord] to prev5t fight+1 & to ?is end ma9ta9 ! second /ronge/ &1 = its size1 ! mo/ effici5t fleet 9 ! _w4 ,?is is our milit>ism2 t ( ,great ,brita9 has be5 to ma9ta9 a fleet d\ble our own or any o!r 9 size1 = x is h] basic pr9ciple to ma9ta9 an unque/ion$ supremacy on ! highways ( comm]ce4 ,to ?is we h meekly ass5t$1 :ile o!r nations absorb our c>ry+ trade & our flag waves ov] a fleet ( p]haps a doz5 respectable oceango+ trad+ & pass5g] %ips4 ,x is "u h] r patroniz+ protection t we fight our =eign w>s & by pressure f h] t we manage ! ,panama ,canal ) nice & honorable att5tion to h] int]pretation ( a treaty capable ( q a diff]5t "o4 ,:e!r or n ?is be milit>ism ( ! utmo/ effici5cy by sea is n difficult to decide4 ,b we h nev] /yl$ x infam\s4 ,:ile ,i am writ+1 ,g]mans1 ^: basic pr9ciple is ! mo/ effici5t milit>ism by l&1 are publi%+ all abroad t ! milit>ism ( ,france mu/ be =ev] /amp$ out1 s t !y may dwell at peace 9 ! l&s :i* are _! home4 ,)9 a g5]ation ,france has accumulat$ a colonial empire second only to t ( ,great ,brita91 :ile %e has incessantly dem&$ ! re9tegration ( ,g]man l&s1 & especially a ,g]man city :i* %e arbitr>ily annex$ & held by milit>ism = ab\t five g5]ations4 ,! milit>ism ( a republic & a democracy :i* reta9s ! ess5tial features ( ,napoleonic adm9i/ration has be5 q z effici5t z t ( a mon>*ical democracy l ,great ,brita91 & may easily prove m effici5t ?an t ( a mon>*y l ,g]many4 ,:y %\ld x be m infam\s or b>b>\s 9 "o case ?an ! o!r8 ,& ) :at is ?is effici5t milit>y democracy alli$ 9 ! close/ ties8 ,) ,russia1 an ,ori5tal despotism :i* by ! aid ( ,fr5* money has develop$ a milit>ism by l& s port5t\s 9 numb]s1 dim5sion1 & effici5cy t its movem5ts are comp>able to ^? ( ,attila's ,huns4 ,escap$ ,russians 9 ,we/]n l&s are d5\nc+ ,g]man milit>ism z ! incubus ( ! _w4 ,:i* ( ! two %\ld ,am]icans reg>d z ! great] dang]8 ,m5aces to ,our ,neutrality4 ,x has wrung our he>ts to consid] ! violation ( ,belgian neutrality1 = :i* bo? ,france & ev5tually ev5 ,great ,brita9 h long be5 prep>$1 b ! latt] has ) little or no prote/ arrang$ ) ! be> t walks l a man to disreg>d contemptu\sly ! neutrality ( ,p]sia 9 arrang+ sph]es ( influ5ce1 exactly z ,japan1 ano!r ally1 is contemptu\sly disreg>d+ ! neutrality ( ,*9a1 ! new republic we 7 9 su* ha/e to recognize t we _h to use ! cable4 ,& :at ab\t ,korea8 ,x is a ,japanese prov9ce 9 contrav5tion ( ! mo/ solemn gu>antees ( its integrity4 ,leav+ aside = ! mom5t c]ta9 consid]ations l ^!1 & !y might easily be indef9itely amplifi$1 :i* %\ld compel ,am]icans to unbias$ consid]ation = o!rs & preclude a dang]\s p>tiality1 let u ask ourselves h[ 9 ! ev5t ( m$iation we c\ld be an imp>tial pacificator1 behav+ z we h hi!rto done4 ,! attitude ( our ,gov]nm5t has be5 /rictly neutral1 neutral to ! v]ge ( utt] self-abnegation2 &1 z "s reg>d x1 timidity4 ,b rock-fa/ z any democratic magi/rate may be1 public op9ion mu/ & does influ5ce him4 ,rightly or wrongly 8 ag5ts w\ld be ev5 m completely dom9at$1 & rightly or wrongly !y w\ld be suspect 9 view ( our t]rific p>tisan%ip on bo? sides s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ho/ilities4 ,! effici5cy ( ,gov]nm5t organs 9 produc+ ! goods1 ! t]rific p[] ( organization on "o side & mass on ! o!r1 h be5 consid]$ a m5ace to _w equilibrium4 ,:i*ev] way ! decision falls1 ! scrut9y ( ,europe w be turn$ to u4 ,unless obs]vation & in/9ct be utt]ly at fault1 we h = m ?an a decade be51 aft] ,g]many1 ! wor/-hat$ nation ( all t are =emo/4 ,x is pre-em95tly our affair to m9d our own bus9ess1 z o!rs h m9d$ !irs4 ,)\t cessation ( noise & fury 9 ,am]ica ?is is impossible4 ,inde$1 our emotional /orms h already furni%$ pro( ( h[ we are incapacitat$ f ei!r en=c+ our rights z neutrals or seiz+ by ! =elock ! opportunity af=d$ to u z neutrals & f enjoy+ ! unque/ion$ privileges ( neutrality4 ,x is n altoge!r edify+ to ?9k t ! close ( ! ,european /ruggle1 be x long or %ort1 w probably f9d our ocean comm]ce sub/antially :]e x 0 at ! beg9n+1 & t conflicts :i* 7 n ( our mak+ w h be5 f\ght out be=e we are able to secure our %>e ( ! _w m>kets4 ,app>5tly ! lead]s 9 comm]ce1 indu/ry1 & trade1 l ! lawmak]s & adm9i/rators1 are p>alyz$ by ! imp]ative necessity ( aid+ panic/rick5 t\ri/s & panic/rick5 /ay-at-homes4 ,app>5tly1 too1 our p are suff]+ m 9 purse & g5]al com=t ?an ! actual combatant nations4 ,clamor\s = ,am]ican sympa?y & ca%1 we h on our %ores embassies f ! bellig]5ts1 plead+ _! respective virtues & sorr[s4 ,:y1 aft] all1 %\ld our *iefe/ conc]n be ) !m8 ,surely we may be good ,sam>itans )\t a total disreg>d ( our own int]e/s & a bl9dness to opportunity v]g+ on impot5cy4 ,!re is no immorality 9 ! prop] play ( self-int]e/4 ,x is ! conflict ( int]e/s :i* creates morality4 ,b ! spectators1 ev5 ! madde/ baseball fans1 d n play ! game nor tra9 = x4 ,x is high "t we ceas$ wa/+ our en]gies 9 emotions & va9 babble4 ,at ?is writ+ ! fir/ l9e ( def5se aga9/ ! ,ori5tal deluge is endang]$4 ,! ,slav individually & 9 8 primitive culture is altoge!r *>m+4 ,he is a son ( ! soil1 picturesque 9 life & creative2 he is m9/rel & poet1 se]4 ,b s f> he is ! c>ri] ( a l[ civilization1 ! prophet1 prie/1 & k+ ( autocracy & absolutism4 ,nev] has !re be5 a "t 9 hi/ory :5 ! high] civilization 0 n 9 a savage /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,x is almo/ ! fir/ "t 9 ?ree c5turies t ! highe/ civilizations 7 9 alliance ) ! l[e/2 n s9ce ! pugnaci\s ,we/]n p[]s ( ,europe su$ = favor at ! ,sublime ,porte4 ,9 ,p]il ( ! ,:irlw9d4 ,?is ought to be a v sob]+ spectacle1 b x seems to ar\se ! delight$ en?usiasm ( an ,am]ican majority4 ,= su* an ab]ration !re is b a s+le & effici5t rem$y3 absorption 9 our own affairs1 ! discrim9at+ /udy ( effici5t me?ods to prev5t our be+ caught up by a :irlw9d1 ev5 ! out] edges ( :i* may snat* u into ! vortex4 ,to *ange ! metaphor1 we revel 9 ! pleasant propulsion ( ! mael/rom's rim1 unaw>e t e in/ant br+s u clos] to dang]s1 escape f :i* w\ld dem& h]culean ef=t4 ,irresponsible emotions are1 l ^? ( ! novel & ! /age1 :5 int5sifi$ to excess utt]ly incompatible ) action4 ,& j su* a p>alysis seems = six long weeks to h lam$ ! highe/ p[]s ( ,am]ica4 ,! proportionate increase 9 population among ! ,european p[]s is ov]:elm+ly 9 favor ( ! ,slavs4 ,_! rate ( increase by natural g5]ation is ne>ly ?ree times t ( ev5 ! ,g]mans1 ) ! result t by ! introduction ( en=c$ milit>y s]vice into ,ea/]n ,europe1 7except+ ,hung>y & p]haps ,rumania17 ! milit>y balance ( p[] has be5 completely *ang$4 ,! w>s among ! ,balkan ,/ates1 includ+ ,turkey1 h put on foot armies ( a dim5sion hi!rto undream$ ( among ! ,s\? ,slavs1 & ! army ( ,russia is probably two & a half times l>g] ?an x c\ld h be5 ?irty-five ye>s ago4 ,! me?od by :i* ,ea/]n ,europe has succe$$ 9 f9anc+ itself is r my/]i\s4 ,we "k1 ( c\rse1 t ! orig9al ,franco-,russian ,alliance 0 bas$ on reciprocal int]e/s1 & t l>ge sums ( ,fr5* money fl[$ into ,russia1 :i* p>tly develop$ ! natural res\rces ( ,russia & 7 p>tly 9 ! %ape ( loans t 9 all likelihood 7 us$ = w> mat]ial4 ,slavs 9 ,g]many4 ,! conflict betwe5 ! ,slavs & ! ,teutons all along ! l9e on :i* !y bord] has !re=e be5 9 two ways int5sifi$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 j 9 proportion z ,g]many has become an indu/rial ,/ate1 ! field "w has be5 intru/$ to immigrant ,slavs1 "s ( :om come only = ! season & return1 b a v l>ge numb] ( !m--e/imat$ at ! pres5t mom5t at close to a million--h sub/antially settl$ )9 ! bord]s ( ! ,g]man ,empire4 ,t is to say1 !re is a con/ant injection ( #a-a_/b p] c5t4 ( ,slavic blood into ! t]ritories ( ! ,g]man ,empire4 ,suppose n[ t ,russia %\ld succe$ 9 e/abli%+ ! protectorate ov] all ,slavs :i* %e desires1 & at ! same "t %\ld press back ! ,g]mans on t bord] l9e1 some?+ v closely approximat+ a new migration ( peoples 9 ,europe w take place4 ,z f> z ,i "k ! ,g]man feel+1 express$ bo? privately & publicly1 (ficially & un(ficially1 !y h hop$ to ma9ta9 _! complete consangu9ity1 if n homog5eity1 )9 ! l&s !y reg>d z _! home2 & _! prep>ations = w>1 _! increase ( _! milit>y /r5g?1 h be5 made1 pr(ess$ly at lea/1 solely 9 ! int]e/ ( def5se4 ,am]icans c simply n realize--x is impossible = !m to realize--! diff]5ce 9 ! degree ( civilization & culture on ei!r side ( a purely artificial b\nd>y l9e4 ,v =tunately x has ent]$ ! m9ds ( sev]al p lately to write to ! newspap]s ab\t ! unhappy confusion t comes f ! use ( words 9 a mean+ :i* at home !y d n connote at all4 ,take1 = example1 ! :ole "q ( milit>ism4 ,z we see x1 x is a matt] altoge!r ( degree4 ,= def5se aga9/ :at ! ,g]man consid]s ! mo/ t]rible dang] t he p]sonally has to confront1 x has be5 necess>y f "t to "t to *ange bo? ! size & ! composition ( 8 =ces1 :e!r (f5sive or def5sive1 & !y !re=e h introduc$ compulsory milit>y s]vice1 an idea :i* has always be5 v (f5sive to ,anglo-,saxons1 b :i* 9 cases ( dire necessity !y h be5 compell$ to utilize !mselves1 z1 = example1 dur+ our own civil w>1 ! ab&onm5t ( volunt>y enli/m5t & ! introduction ( ! draft4 ,n[1 ! compulsory milit>y s]vice ( ! ,g]man means t e man is = a p]iod ( 8 life draft$ & tra9$ z a soldi]4 ,=ty ye>s ago !re 7 a great _m m5 :o escap$ by reason ( "o or ano!r provision ( ! law4 ,t numb] 0 /eadily dim9i%$ until )9 eighte5 mon?s1 :5 f9ally x 0 proclaim$ t e ,g]man :o c\ld endure ! sev]ity ( t tra9+ mu/ und]go x1 & t 0 due to ! fact t ! milit>y balance ( p[] ( :i* ,i spoke _h be5 s completely *ang$ by ! re-armam5t ( ,russia & by ! =mation ( ! ,s\? ,slav armies 9 ! ,balkan ,p59sula4 ,z a p>allel we might imag9e1 n "o tr\blesome neighbor1 b f\r4 ,we might imag9e a trem5d\s milit>y p[] develop$ 9 ,canada1 & we might imag9e a ho/ile milit>y p[] on ! ,atlantic side & ano!r "o on ! ,pacific side1 9 :i* case we w\ld beyond a "q h to exp& our in*oate milit>ism1 j 9 proportion z we came to feel ! necessity = a /rong physical def5sive or (f5sive 9 ! way ( a great /&+ army1 & we probably w\ld d x )\t any hesitation4 ,n[1 ,g]many has n any really bitt] foe on ! nor?1 al?\gh !re is no love lo/ betwe5 ! ,g]mans & ! ,sc&9avians2 b x has an embitt]$ foe on ! ea/1 & ano!r "o on ! we/1 & :at has prov$ to be an embitt]$ foe ^u ! wat] & a v lukew>m neutral ,/ate on ! s\?1 a ,/ate :i* _h jo9$ 9 alliance ) h]4 ,italy _h jo9$ :at ,italy consid]$ a def5sive alliance1 b n an (f5sive alliance1 & *ose to reg>d ! outbreak ( ?is w> z an (f5sive movem5t on ! "p ( ,g]many1 & = t reason has refus$ to p>ticipate 9 ! /ruggle4 ,i say = t reason because1 hav+ be5 accu/om$ to read+1 all my life1 long diplomatic docum5ts1 really hav+ be5 tra9$1 y might say1 almo/ 9 ! s*ool ( ,ranke1 :o 0 ! inaugurator ( an entirely new s*ool ( hi/orical writ+ bas$ on ! criticism ( hi/orical pap]s1 ,i h come to realize t ! dispat*es ( tra9$ diplomats are = ! mo/ "p purely =mal1 & t :ile ^! respective publications ( ,great ,brita9 & ( ,g]many h a c]ta9 value1 yet nev]!less ! mo/ important plans are laid 9 ! embrasures ( w9d[s1 :]e important m5 /& & talk s t no "o c he>1 or !y are arrang$ & (t5 times amplifi$ 9 private correspond5ce :i* does n see ! light until ye>s aft]w>d1 & t ! mo/ important hi/orical docum5ts are f\nd 9 ! ar*ives ( families1 memb]s ( :i* h be5 ! guid+ spirits ( ,european policy & politics4 ,s t :at ! secret diplomacy ( ! la/ ye>s may h be5 is z yet utt]ly unkn[n1 & c]ta9ly w n be kn[n = ! g5]ation yet to come & p]haps = sev]al g5]ations4 ,! /ud5t 9 almo/ any ,european capital is giv5 complete access to ev]y?+ on file 9 ! ar*ives1 includ+ secret docum5ts1 only d[n to a c]ta9 date4 ,t date diff]s 9 v>i\s ( ^! /oreh\ses1 b ,i ?9k 9 no case is x lat] ?an #ahcj4 ,if y ask :y1 !re are ! s5sibilities ( families to be consid]$1 !re is ! "q ( hidd5 policies :i* !y d n c>e to reveal1 & !n !re is ! :ole matt] ( :o ! exam9+ /ud5t is4 ,= in/ance1 c]ta9 v important pap]s 7 absolutely d5i$ to me1 z an ,am]ican1 9 ,great ,brita9--or at lea/ excuses 7 made if !y 7 n absolutely d5i$--:i* 7 op5$ to an ,engli%man :o 0 work+ ^u ! same subject at ab\t ! same "t4 ,! reason = su* obs]vations at ! pres5t h\r is pla9 en\gh4 ,public op9ion is =m$ ^u :at ! public is p]mitt$ to "k1 & is n =m$ ^u ! actual facts :i* ! public is n p]mitt$ to "k4 ,& = t reason ,am]icans1 remote z we are f ! s\rces ( in=mation1 & especially remote f t mo/ delicate ( all indications1 ! pulse ( public op9ion 9 =eign c\ntries1 ought to be extremely sl[ to commit !mselves to any?+4 ,attack on ,sir ,edw>d ,grey4 ,n[1 we h j _h a v int]e/+ incid5t4 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times pr9t$ rec5tly :at ! ,briti% call _! ,:ite ,pap]1 z well z ! ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]4 ,! editors ( our mo/ important j\rnals ann\nc$ t !y _h read & /udi$ ^? pap]s ) c>e1 & t on ! face ( ^? pap]s1 beyond any p]adv5ture1 ,g]many 0 ! aggressor4 ,g]man milit>ism _h flaunt$ itself z an insult 9 ! face ( ,europe4 ,g]many _h violat$ neutrality1 ,g]many _h committ$ almo/ e s9 kn[n to int]national law1 & !re=e ! :ole ,g]man proc$ure 0 to be reprobat$4 ,)9 a v %ort "t a ,labor memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 ,j4 ,ramsay ,macdonald1 rises 9 8 place1 able & fe>less1 &1 on ! basis ( ! ,:ite ,pap]1 z publi%$ & put 9 ! h&s ( ! ,briti% public1 attacks ,sir ,edw>d ,grey = hav+ s committ$ ,great ,brita9 9 advance to bo? ,russia & ,france t1 9 spite ( ! repres5tations ( ! ,g]man ,ambassador1 he d>$ n discuss ! "q ( neutrality4 ,?is memb] ( ,p>liam5t manife/ly belongs to ! p[]ful anti-w> p>ty ( ,great ,brita91 a p>ty two ( ^: memb]s1 ,john ,burns & ,"l ,morley1 resign$ f ! ,cab9et r ?an condone iniquity2 a p>ty :i* be=e ! outbreak ( ! w> made itself he>d & felt1 & prote/$ aga9/ ! p>ticipation ( ,great ,brita91 desir+ localization ( ! /ruggle4 ,mr4 ,macdonald says t 9 8 op9ion ?is talk ab\t ! violation ( ,belgian neutrality1 f ! po9t ( view ( ,briti% /atesm51 is absurd1 because z long ago z #ahgj ! plans = ! use ( ,belgium1 bo? by ,france & by ,g]many--9 o!r words1 ! violation ( its neutrality--7 9 ! ,briti% ,w> ,(fice1 & t ,mr4 ,glad/one rose 9 8 place & said he 0 n "o ( ^? ^: op9ion 0 t a =mal gu>antee %\ld /& s f> 9 ?w>t+ ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts z to commit ,great ,brita9 to w>2 & t has be5 ! ann\nc$ & av[$ policy ( ,great ,brita9 all ! way d[n s9ce #ahgj1 & t !re=e talk ab\t ! violation ( ,belgian neutrality is a m]e pretext4 ,t is ano!r in/ance ( ?is secret agreem5t t goes on1 :i* s commits a man l ,sir ,edw>d ,grey t 9 ! p9*1 :5 ! ,g]man ,ambassador sub/antially propos$ to yield ev]y?+ to him & ask$ him = 8 proposition1 he _c make any4 ,^! facts are 9 ! ,:ite ,pap]4 ,z f> z ,i "k1 no editor 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o claims to h /udi$ ?or\ghly t ,:ite ,pap] has ev] br\ght ?is out1 & !y _h n be5 publi%$ 9 t pap] at ! "t :5 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey & ,mr4 ,asqui? made _! respective spee*es & committ$ ! ,briti% ,nation to ! w>4 ,ano!r unhappy use ( language :i* has be5 not$ 9 ! public press is due to ! lit]al translation ( words4 ,am]icans simply d n "k :at ! ^w ,emp]or means4 ,to mo/ ( !m x connotes ! lat] ,roman ,emp]ors1 or ! autocratic ,cz> ( ,russia1 or ! %ort-liv$ b autocratic quality ( ,napoleon ,,iii41 s t :5 we use ! ^w ,emp]or we are ?9k+ ( an absolutely non-exi/+ p]sonage1 unless x be ! ,cz> ( ,russia4 ,we l v mu* to make sport ( phrases f languages unfamili> to u1 & we enjoy ! jokes ( ludicr\s translations1 & s we take ! t]m ,ob]/] ,krieg%]r & we translate x ,supreme ,w> ,"l4 ,:at conception ! av]age ,am]ican =ms ( t is manife/4 ,:]eas1 z a matt] ( fact--& ?is has already be5 po9t$ out bo? 9 conv]sation & 9 public pr9ts--! t]m means no?+ 9 ! _w b ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,g]man ,empire1 has n any diff]5t relation :atsoev] 9 ! sub/ance ( its mean+ ?an t :i* ,presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h be5 9 "t ( supreme dang] to ! c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,l9coln 0 j z mu* an ,ob]/] ,krieg%]r at "o p]iod ( 8 t]m z ! ,g]man ,emp]or c\ld ev] be2 9 fact1 r m4 ,%]man's ,m>* to ! ,sea4 ,9 tru?1 ! s5se ( outrage :i* ,am]icans feel ov] ! horrors ( w>1 :ile mo/ cr$itable to !m1 is v (t5 bas$ ^u an ignorance ( ! rules & regulations ( s-call$ civiliz$ w>f>e1 & ^u a s5tim5tality1 :i*1 ?\gh also v cr$itable1 is un=tunately n "o ( ! factors 9 ! _w's "w4 ,x w\ld n hurt ,am]icans occasionally to recall ,%]man's m>* to ! sea1 dur+ :i* e kn[n k9d ( deva/ation occurr$1 or to recall ,g54 ,hunt]'s boa/ t he _h made ! ,valley ( ,virg9ia su* a des]t t a cr[ c\ld n f9d su/5ance en\gh 9 x to fly f "o side to ! o!r1 & yet at t "t1 9 :at we consid]$ ! supreme dang] to our c\ntry1 ! conduct ( ^? m5 0 approv$1 & !y !mselves 7 almo/ deifi$ = _! actions4 ,:ile p>allels are dang]\s & ! exi/5ce ( "o wrong does n make ano!r action "r1 yet at ! same "t a v consid]able am\nt ( op5-m9d$ness mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 a neutral c\ntry :5 reg>d+ ! passionate devotions ( combatant nations to _! culture1 to _! safety1 to _! int]e/2 & x %\ld be recall$ t 9 ! heats & horrors ( w> x is extremely difficult1 h[ev] tra9$ or discipl9$ troops may be1 to prev5t outrages1 & t s f> z we h gone 9 accurate in=mation ! lea/ t c be said is t x is sl[ly dawn+ ^u u t horror = horror & outrage = outrage !re has be5 no ov]:elm+ balance on ei!r side4 ,! ,allies 7?is int]view 0 receiv$ ,tuesday morn+7 firmly believe t ! /ruggle on ! we/ is s indecisive up to ?is "t t :at w c\nt = !m is ! duration ( ! w>4 ,lloyd ,george has j said1 n 9 ! exact language1 b virtually1 :at ,disraeli said 9 #ahgh3 ,we don't want to fight2 b1 by j+o1 if we d we h got ! %ips1 we h got ! m51 we h got ! money1 too4 ,^? are ! words t br\ght into use ! expression j+oi/s4 ,n[1 ,lloyd ,george said ! o!r day t x 0 ! money :i* 9 ! long run w\ld c\nt & t ,great ,brita9 _h t2 & ! meet+s t are held to induce ,engli%m5 to enli/ are address$ by speak]s :o meet ) lots ( applause :5 !y say3 ,we may n be able to put ! same numb] ( m5 into ! field imm$iately t ,g]many 0 able to put or ,russia 0 able to put1 b 9 ! long run1 consid]+ ! attitude ( all ! diff]5t p>ts ( our empire1 we w be able to put j z _m m51 & !re=e "t is on our side bo? z reg>ds =ce 9 ! field & money to su/a9 x4 7,! ,london ,times confesses t enli/m5t 9 ,irel& is a failure47 ,lloyd ,george says t = a comp>atively %ort "t ,engl&'s enemies c f9ance !mselves & be v effici5t1 b t z "t passes !y unque/ionably w exhau/ n only _! pecuni>y means b _! res\rces ( m5 z well4 ,t is 8 position at ?is "t4 ,!re=e1 x does appe> z if ! long duration ( ! w> 0 a ?+ desir$1 at lea/ 9 ,great ,brita91 z be+ _! hope ( victory4 ,bo? ,great ,brita9 & ,france are weal?y c\ntries4 ,j h[ weal?y ,g]many is ,i d n ?9k !y realize1 nor d we "k1 nor :at its ultimate res\rces c be4 ,n[1 look+ at ! alli$ l9e z a :ole1 we w suppose t ! ,g]man =ces 7 ov]:elm+ly triumphant 9 ,france1 & suppose1 likewise1 :i* is by no means z /rong a hypo!sis1 t ,russia is ov]:elm+ly victori\s aga9/ ,au/ria & ! ,ea/]n ,g]man ,army2 !n1 ( c\rse1 y h ! situation 9 :i* t "o ( ! ,allies :i* is triumphant w ass]t its lead]%ip 9 ! t]ms ( peace t w be rea*$1 & w\ld h ! hegemony1 z we call x1 ( all ,europe4 ,russia's ,position4 ,s t ! defeat ( ! ,allies 9 ! we/ & _! ov]:elm+ success 9 ! ea/ w\ld compel ! acceptance1 9 any peace t might be made1 ( su* t]ms z ,russia *ose to dictate4 ,%e w\ld h to be satisfi$1 o!rwise !re w\ld only be "o outcome ( x2 t is1 ( c\rse1 if ,great ,brita9 & ,france c\ld n accept ^? t]ms1 !re w\ld be a rupture1 & /rang] ?+s h be5 se5 ?an ,g]many1 ,france1 & ,great ,brita9 fight+ aga9/ ,russia4 ,/rang] ?+s ?an t h be5 se52 su* *anges 9 ! alliances betwe5 ,/ates h occurr$ at int]vals f ! sev5te5? c5tury onw>d 9 ,europe1 a phase ( ! subject t is too l5g?y to discuss "h1 b :i* e /ud5t ( hi/ory kn[s all ab\t4 ,& x is ?9kable t !y might occur aga94 ,suppose1 on ! o!r h&1 t ! ,g]mans %\ld imitate ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 :i* is n s prepo/]\s z appe>s on ! face ( x1 because ( comp>atively easy means ( transportation1 & %\ld be able to make successive victori\s da%es1 fir/ 9 ! ea/ & !n 9 ! we/1 backw>d & =w>d2 lead]%ip w\ld be h]s1 & ,france w\ld be a m9or p[] = ye>s to come4 ,probably peace might come m quickly if nei!r side %\ld be absolutely victori\s ?an o!rwise4 ,b = ! mom5t ,i ?9k t ! agreem5t among ! ,allies is a v port5t\s ?+1 z f> z ! duration ( ! w> is conc]n$4 ,d y ?9k t any secret agreem5t may exi/2 t ,france ev5 n[ may h made an agreem5t ) ,g]many8 ,mr4 ,sloane 0 ask$4 ,i _c ?9k s4 ,i ?9k x v evid5t !re is no su* secret agreem5t4 ,if "o exi/$ x w\ld be mu* m likely to be betwe5 ,russia & ,g]many4 ,y rememb] ! developm5t ( ,prussia1 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 ! comm&+ ,/ate 9 ! ,g]man ,empire1 occurr$ by its c>eful cons]vation ( ! policy :i* 0 laid d[n 9 ! political w ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 t ( keep+ fri5ds ) ,russia4 ,! fact ( ! matt] is1 ,prussia 0 sav$ 9 ! ,napoleonic w>s by ! act ( ,g54 ,yorck at ,taurogg51 :5 he sudd5ly ab&on$ ! ,fr5* & w5t ov] to ! ,prussians1 & :ile ,russia has )9 half a g5]ation become int5sely bitt] aga9/ ,g]many1 yet x is true t ! ,baltic ,prov9ces1 9 :i* ! g5try & ! burgh]s are ,g]mans1 h furni%$ mo/ important adm9i/rators to ! ,russian ,empire1 a fact t causes mu* ( ! jeal\sy 9 ,russia on ! "p ( ! native-born ,russians aga9/ ! ,g]mans ( ! ,baltic ,prov9ces4 ,nev]!less1 self-int]e/ is a v important ?+1 & if ,russia ?\ght = a mom5t t ,france 0 go+ to ab&on h] ,i ?9k %e w\ld turn to ,g]many "r away4 ,z "t has develop$ ! nations ( today1 x has come to be und]/ood by h>d-head$ /atesm5 t ^? :o conduct _! respective affairs c h no o!r guid+ pr9ciple ?an ! int]e/ ( _! own ,/ate1 no o!r4 ,!re is a p]si/5t feel+ ?r\gh\t ! _w t !re is an analogy betwe5 ! individual man & organiz$ society4 ,!re are books writt5 to %[ t ,/ates mu/ & d pass ?r\gh ! v>i\s /ages ?r\gh :i* an individual passes1 namely1 infancy1 *ildhood1 y\?1 middle age1 old age1 decay4 ,by a p]fectly natural p>allel ! majority ( m5 apply ! same morality to ! ,/ate :i* !y apply to ! individual1 & !y insi/ ^u x t a ,/ate mu/ be moral 9 e respect2 t x mu/ h a consci5ce2 t x mu/ h virtue2 t x mu/ practice self-d5ial2 t x mu/ n lay its h&s on :at does n belong to x4 ,9 %ort1 t x mu/ z a ,/ate or z a nation be good1 9 exactly ! same s5se 9 :i* a p]son is good4 ,9 o!r words1 !y p]sonify ! ,/ate4 ,i h nev] he>d ( any speak] or writ] :o w\ld n approve ( t z an ideal1 & :o w\ld n desire t ! mill5nium %\ld come ^u e>? n[1 & t exactly ! same virtues t are held up = p]sonal ideals %\ld be held up = national ideals4 ,i ?9k we all believe t1 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 9 a _w con/itut$ z ours is1 ! "o te/ ( a good ,gov]nm5t1 appli$ by e individual1 is ! mat]ial prosp]ity ( ! p :o live "u x1 & = t reason if ! p d n at fir/ put 9 p[] m5 :o c give !m mat]ial prosp]ity !y w put su* failures out & try ano!r set ( rul]s1 & !y w g on & on t way until necess>ily ! policies ( /atesm5 mu/ be bas$ ^u ! int]e/ ( t ,/ate ^: de/9ies are 9 _! h&s4 ,s t ! only hope ( relations betwe5 nations simil> to ^? t exi/ betwe5 good m5 & good wom5 is t ! individuals ( t nation1 its population1 its inhabitants1 %\ld cons5t to ex]cise ! self-d5y+ virtues2 & until t po9t is rea*$ !re c be no good ,/ate 9 ! s5se 9 :i* !re c be a good man4 ,we ought all to "w = x1 b x is n "h n[1 & !re are no signs on ! horizon ( its approa*4 ,9 a w>1 !re=e1 e /atesman /udies ! res\rces ( 8 nation1 & :5 ! "t comes t x is manife/ly 8 duty to put an end to w>f>e1 x is only by ! public approval t he d>es d x1 by %[+ t x is to _! advantage to give up ! ?+s = :i* !y w5t to w>1 9 great] or less degree4 ,arm$ ,peace ,n ,dis>mam5t4 ,& ! man ( %rewd insight1 :o kn[s :5 t po9t is rea*$1 is ! lead] :o saves ! face1 s to speak1 ( ^! nations & /eps 9 & says3 ,n[1 ! :ole moral =ce ( ! civiliz$ _w mu/ be br\ght to be> ^u y to make a peace1 ! t]ms ( :i*1 if possible1 %all n discr$it any ( y1 b at ! same "t %all be z ela/ic & z proportionate to y\r respective ga9s & losses z w insure at lea/ a consid]able p]iod ( peace1 n an armi/ice1 n an arm$ armi/ice1 ?\gh x may be an arm$ peace4 ,we see no signs any:]e 9 ,europe t dis>mam5t has any sub/antial body ( advocates 9 any nation4 ,! basic pr9ciple hi!rto ( ! ,g]man p has be5 to h1 n ! l>ge/1 b ! /ronge/ army2 ! basic pr9ciple ( ,great ,brita91 :i* sne]s at milit>ism1 has be5 n only to h ! mo/ p[]ful fleet1 b twice ! mo/ p[]ful fleet4 ,& :at is ! basic pr9ciple ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,! ,monroe ,doctr9e1 to h no arm$ neighbor :i* %all compel u to violate by its pres5ce our dislike = compulsory milit>y s]vice or to exp5d great sums = armam5t4 ,^! are basic pr9ciples 9 ea* ( u4 ,n[1 we h be5 able to ma9ta9 ! ,monroe ,doctr9e by simply %[+ our tee?1 b :e!r we c\ld ma9ta9 x 9 ! future )\t an arm$ =ce suffici5t to give x sanction ,i ?9k is d\btful1 & = t reason ! ,monroe ,doctr9e has und]gone q a numb] ( modifications :i* ,i d n ne$ to expla9 "h4 ,b ?is basic pr9ciple ( ours t f ,patagonia to ! ,mexican fronti] we w suff] no arm$ nation ( ,europe to make p]man5t settlem5t & endang] our peace is exactly ! same sort ( pr9ciple t ! ,g]man holds :5 he says1 ,we mu/ h ! /ronge/ army1 & ! same :i* ! ,engli%man holds :5 he says1 ,we mu/ h ! /ronge/ fleet4 ,i want x di/9ctly und]/ood t ,i am n a p>tisan4 ,i am n pro ?is or pro t or pro any?+ except pro-,am]ican1 & ! pr9cipal impulse ,i h 9 try+ to cl>ify my m9d is my hope t !re may be an end to ^! hy/]ical exhibitions ( p>tisan%ip1 9 :i* 7?r\gh\t ?is neutral nation7 m5 indulge :o /ill hold too /rongly1 z ,i ?9k1 to ! glory1 honor1 dignity1 & traditions ( ! l&s ( _! orig94 ,an ,answ] by ,pr(4 ,ladd ,em]itus ,pr(essor ( ,m5tal & ,moral ,philosophy at ,yale ,univ]sity2 ,lectur] on ,philosophy 9 ,india & ,japan2 has receiv$ num]\s decorations 9 ,japan1 :]e he 0 gue/ & un(ficial advis] ( ,pr9ce ,ito2 ex-,presid5t ( ,am]ican ,psy*ological ,association4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,x seems /range to me t a /ud5t ( hi/ory ) ! tra9+ & acum5 ( ,pr(4 ,sloane %\ld ov]look or m9imize ! important di/9ction t mu/ hold ! *ief place 9 enabl+ u to und]/& ! issues & appreciate ! m]its ( ! w> n[ rag+ 9 ,europe4 ,?is di/9ction is t betwe5 ! ,g]man p & ,g]manic civilization1 on ! "o h&1 &1 on ! o!r1 ! pres5t ,con/itution & *]i%$ ambitions ( ! ,g]man ,empire "u ! dom9ance ( ,prussia4 ,! ,g]man p1 by g5u9e processes ( self-developm5t1 h work$ out = !mselves a v]itable spiritual unity :i* manife/s itself 9 language1 laws1 cu/oms1 & a l>ge measure ( sub/antial uni=mity 9 moral & religi\s ideals4 ,g]manic civilization1 ) its love ( ord]1 its high e/imate ( education1 its notable additions to sci5ce1 philosophy1 & art1 con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ noble & b5efic5t contributions to ! welf>e ( mank9d4 ,b ! case is n at all ! same ) ! ,g]man ,empire z at pres5t con/itut$4 ,x is n a hi/orical developm5t1 a truly national affair1 z are ! ,empire ( ,great ,brita91 ! ,republics ( ,france & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ! ,empires ( ,russia & ,japan4 ,x is a mod]n comb9ation ( politically div]g5t unities1 =c$ by ! ru?less b inf9itely %rewd policy ( ,bism>ck & 8 coadjutors1 misdirect$ & p]haps driv5 to ru9 by ! man & 8 ent\rage1 :o1 ev5 if he is ,k+ ( ,prussia by ! grace ( ,god1 is only ,emp]or ( ,g]many by ! w ( ! ,pr9ces4 ,we are dilig5tly giv5 to und]/& t all ^! ,pr9ces & all ! ,g]man p h ent]$ he>t & s\l into ?is w>1 & )\t ! slighte/ d\bt z to its righte\sness & z to ! de/9y ( ! empire1 ?is mod]n milit>y autocracy1 ultimately to be completely victori\s4 ,?is is h>d to believe1 al?\gh x mu/ be admitt$ t ! c[>dice ( ! ,sociali/s & ! obsession ( ! pr(essors are rem>kable ph5om5a4 ,z to ! latt]1 h[ev]1 we mu/ rememb] _! dep5d5ce on ! ,gov]nm5t1 n only = _! in=mation & _! call to speak1 b also = _! positions 9 ! ,gov]nm5t sy/em ( education4 ,z to ! significance ( ! two names mo/ prom95tly quot$ 9 ?is connection1 ,i am n at all impress$1 z s _m ( my colleagues appe> to be4 ,an intimate fri5d ( m9e "s tw5ty ye>s ago 0 sev]al weeks en p5sion 9 ! same h\se :]e ,haeckel _h 8 ap>tm5t1 & ev5 !n he 0 notori\s = 8 hatr$ ( =eign]s & ( wom54 ,^? ( u :o h foll[$ closely 8 c>e] "k h[ (t5 he has writt5 ) m ?an ,g]man pr(essorial virul5ce aga9/ ^? :o diff]$ f 8 !ory ( evolution1 & t he is at pres5t sc>cely m abusive ( ,engl& ?an he has sev]al times be5 ( 8 own ,gov]nm5t & ( ! ,/ate ,*ur* because 8 sy/em 0 n made a matt] ( compulsory tea*+4 ,z to ,euck51 ! reasons = 8 obsession are q diff]5t4 ,9 8 case ! feel+ & ! utt]ance are due to intellectual weakness r ?an to virul5ce ( passion4 ,aft] all1 h[ev]1 ! temp] ( milit>y & imp]ial ,g]many "u ! dom9ance ( ,prussia has be5 ess5tially ! same f ! beg9n+4 ,9 illu/ration ( ?is1 let me quote = y\r read]s f a poem ( ,he9e1 writt5 z long ago z #ahdb4 ,i d ?is ! m readily because ,i h rec5tly se51 to my a/oni%m5t1 ,he9e plac$ beside ,goe! z repres5t+ ! bett] temp] ( ! ,g]manic civilization z oppos$ to ! bl9d$ judgm5t & immoral hatr$ ( ! mod]n ,g]man ,empire3 ,g]many's /ill a little *ild1 ,b he's nurs$ by ! sun1 ?\gh t5d]2 ,he is n suckl$ on soo?+ milk1 ,b on flames ( burn+ spl5dor4 ,"o gr[s apace on su* a diet2 ,x fires ! blood f languor2 ,ye neighbor's *ildr51 h a c>e1 ,?is ur*9 h[ ye ang]6 ,he is an awkw>d infant giant1 ,! oak by ! roots upte>+2 ,he'll beat y till y\r backs are sore1 ,& crack y\r cr[ns = d>+4 ,he is l ,siegfri$1 ! noble *ild1 ,t song-&-saga wond]1 ,:o1 :5 8 fabl$ sword 0 =g$1 ,8 anvil cleft 9 sund]6 ,to y1 :o w our ,dragon slay1 ,%all ,siegfri$'s /r5g? be giv52 ,hurrah6 h[ joyfully y\r nurse ,w laugh on y f heav56 ,! ,dragon's ho>d ( royal gems ,y'll w91 ) none to %>e x2 ,hurrah6 h[ bright ! gold5 cr[n ,w sp>kle :5 y we> x6 ,b x w\ld n be /rang] ?an _m o!r ?+s :i* h happ5$ 9 human hi/ory if ! defeat ( ,g]man milit>y imp]ialism %\ld result 9 re/or+ to ,europe & spread+ m widely ov] ! _w ! b5efic5t influ5ce ( ,g]manic civilization4 ,c]ta9ly !y are n ! same ?+1 & !y d n /& or fall toge!r4 ,,george ,,trumbull ,,ladd4 ,yale ,univ]sity1 ,oct4 #bj1 #aiad4 ,possible ,pr(its ,f ,w> ,,int]view ,,) ,,frankl9 ,h4 ,,gidd+s4 ,dr4 ,gidd+s is ,pr(essor ( ,sociology & ! ,hi/ory ( ,civilization at ,columbia ,univ]sity2 au?or ( _m works on sociology & political economy2 ,presid5t ( ,in/itut ,int]nationale de ,sociologie1 #aiac4 ,by ,edw>d ,m>%all4 ,no man 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is bett] entitl$ to e/imate ! probable social & economic outcome ( ! pres5t ,european debacle ?an ,pr(4 ,frankl9 ,h4 ,gidd+s ( ,columbia1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ sociologi/s & political economi/s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,today all ,europe fights1 he said to me1 b1 also1 today all ,europe ?9ks4 ,t is an impressive s5t5ce1 ) :i* he conclud$ our long talk1 & ) :i* ,i beg9 my record ( x4 ,he believes t ?is ?9k+ ( ! m5 :o cr\* l[ 9 ! dr5*$ tr5*es & ( ! wom5 :o tragically wait = news ( !m w fa%ion a new ,europe4 ,he agrees ) ! rem>kable op9ions ( ,presid5t ,butl]1 t t new ,europe w be m>k$ by ! rise ( democracy4 ,he sees ! probability ( broad5$ individual opportunity 9 x1 accompani$ by ! break+ d[n ( int]national suspicions2 & he ?9ks t all ^! processes1 :i* surely make = peace1 w surely br+ a la/+ peace4 ,9 ! foll[+ int]view1 :i* ,pr(4 ,gidd+s has c>efully r]ead1 w be f\nd "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ speculative utt]ances born ( ! w>4 ,! imm$iate economic cause ( ! w>1 said ,pr(4 ,gidd+s1 lay 9 ! affairs ( ,s]via & ,au/ria4 ,s]via _h be5 %ut 94 ,%e _h be5 able to get practically no?+ f1 & sell practically no?+ to1 ! outside _w1 save by ,au/ria's p]mission1 :ile ,au/ria1 ) ,g]many pr(ess+ fe> ( ,slavic developm5t1 = ye>s _h be5 tak+ e c>e to prev5t ! ,balkan peoples f hav+ free access to ! ,adriatic4 ,"s f9ancial pr(it arose f ?is int]n+ ( ! little ,/ates1 b x is probable t ! desire = ?is 0 all along entirely second>y to ! fe> ( ,balkan1 especially ,s]vian1 political & economic developm5t4 ,9 ! l>g] economic "q ,g]many felt especial int]e/4 ,9 a comp>atively few ye>s %e _h made ! greate/ progress ev] made by any nation 9 an equal "t1 ) ! possible exception ( t made by ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 a simil> p]iod aft] our civil w>1 & x is probable t n ev5 our own advance has equal$ h]s 9 rapidity or ext5t1 if all c\ld be tabb$ up4 ,%e _h work$ out a great manufactur+ s*eme1 %e _h develop$ an imm5se int]nal comm]ce by means ( h] railroads & h] ,rh9e & o!r wat]ways1 %e _h built up an enorm\s trade ) ,ea/]n ,europe1 ,we/]n ,asia1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,%e _h highly specializ$ 9 & become some:at dep5d5t on ! production ( articles l dye/uffs & ! commodities ( ! ph>macopoeia4 ,h] %ipp+ _h advanc$ until x closely cr[d$ ,engl&'s2 h] f9ances1 on ! :ole1 7 well h&l$ & h] cr$it 0 excell5t1 :ile h] wond]ful sy/em ( co-op]ation betwe5 ! ,gov]nm5t & manufactur+ produc]s & comm]cial di/ribut]s ( all k9ds _h become ! admiration ( all nations4 ,! ext5t to :i* h] ,gov]nm5t facilitat$ =eign trade ?r\gh obta9+ & di/ribut+ co/ly in=mation might well be tak5 z ! _w's model4 ,:atev] claims be made or conte/$ ab\t h] contributions to culture & !oretical sci5ce1 !re c be no argum5t ab\t h] mat]ial a*ievem5ts4 ,g]man ,a*ievem5ts4 ,along e l9e h] social organization ( co-op]ation betwe5 ! ,gov]nm5t & ! p successfully h&l$ problems fe>$ by all ! outside _w4 ,:ile1 z a result ( ! developm5t ( humane feel+1 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates h be5 say+ t ignorance1 vagabondage1 & mis]y ought to be aboli%$1 ,g]many has said1 ',!y %all be6' ,&1 say+ x1 %e _h actually comm5c$ to aboli% !m4 ,%e _h cut d[n enorm\s wa/es ( human en]gy &1 = ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 _h e/abli%$ an economic m9imum bel[ :i* m5 & families 7 n p]mitt$ to s9k4 ,! co/ ( ?is 0 l>ge2 = insurance1 colonies = tramps & vagabonds1 employm5t ag5cies1 & ! l2 b ,g]many made x pay 9 ! creation ( a nation built ( loyal & effici5t p4 ,bo? _! loyalty & _! effici5cy h be5 prov$ & reprov$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! pres5t /ruggle4 ,!y _h accompli%$ m>vels1 !y 7 ready = amaz+ sacrifices4 ,n[1 "o ( ! pr9cipal reasons :y ,g]many 0 able to d ^! ?+s1 al?\gh1 %e probably ignor$ x & possibly w\ld d5y x1 is to be f\nd 9 ! free-trade policy ( ,engl&4 ,at any "t dur+ ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s ,engl& c\ld h *eck$ ,g]man progress effectively by ! e/abli%m5t ( a protective t>iff sy/em design$ to enc\rage h] own colonies & o!r nations ) :om %e _h long be5 on fri5dly & influ5tial t]ms1 to ! utmo/ developm5t ( exclusive trade privileges design$ to %ut out ,g]many4 ,except = ! long-e/abli%$ ,engli% policy ( comm]cial fre$om ,g]many c\ld n h accompli%$ = h]self :at %e has4 ,g]many has be5 gr[+ rapidly4 ,h] bir? rate has be5 high1 b ( late x has be5 fall+1 & :5 ! w> began !re 7 indications t %e soon w\ld approa* ! l[ ratio ( population increase already *>act]i/ic ( ,france1 ( ,new ,engl& & ! ,middle ,we/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & lately ( ,engl&4 ,b ,g]many's population 0 /ill a gr[+ "o &1 9 a s5se1 a re/ive "o4 ,! ,mal?usian !ory has n work$ out 9 ! civiliz$ _w z ,mal?us suppos$ x w\ld1 = ! application ( sci5ce to manufactur+1 agriculture1 c41 has prev5t$ increas+ populations f press+ ^u ! means ( subsi/5ce2 b 9 all p>ts ( ! ,we/]n ,_w ! /&>ds ( liv+ h be5 rais$1 ! ambitions ( ! av]age man & woman h exp&$4 ,!y h liv$ bett] ?an _! p>5ts liv$1 & !y h wi%$ _! *ildr5 to live bett] /ill4 ,h[ev]1 we c place no limit ^u ! probable expansion ( human desires1 & x is true t a population un*eck$ by ! intellig5t action ( ! human w t5ds to increase at a rate m rapid ?an t at :i* x is possible to raise ! actual plane ( human liv+4 ,! spe$ ( ! work+ ( ! two rules is diff]5t1 p]haps1 b bo? are dynamic1 & ! population ( ,g]many t5d$ to gr[ m rapidly ?an bett]m5t ( conditions c\ld be provid$1 ev5 "u ! nation's spl5did gov]nm5tal & comm]cial effici5cy4 ,! natural ye>n+ ( ! nation1 !re=e1 0 t[>d colonial expansion1 &1 al?\gh note t ,i make no *>ges aga9/ ei!r ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t or ,g]man p1 ! nation probably has wi%$ sov]eignty ov] ,we/]n ,europe1 ?r\gh ,belgium & ,holl& to ! sea4 ,its n>r[ outlet ?r\gh ,hamburg & ,brem5 0 insuffici5t = its ne$s4 ,( c\rse1 its trade & economic advance has sometimes conflict$ ) t ( o!r nations4 ,x is natural = ,g]many to suppose t ,engl& tri$ to block x4 ,h[ev]1 ,i ?9k t all ! evid5ce :i* ,g]many has br\ght =w>d 9 pro( ( ?is is weak & improbable1 because ,engl&'s great s\rce ( rev5ue has be5 h] =eign trade1 &1 above all1 h] c>ry+ trade1 & ,i am n p>tisan b /at+ ! obvi\s :5 ,i say t ,engl& prosp]s :5 ! re/ ( ! _w prosp]s1 & t %e has pr(it$ mightily ?r\gh ,g]many's comm]cial advance4 ,^! facts po9t to ! conclusion t ,g]many really _h ev]y?+ to ga9 by avoid+ w> & cont9u+ h] prosp]\s expansion along comm]cial l9es1 increas+ ! /r5g? ( h] grip 9 =eign c\ntries1 z1 = example1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,g]many's ,prosp]\s ,comm]ce4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica we ,am]icans 7 n really compet+ ) h]4 ,%e _h /udi$ ! m>ket & adopt$ ! me?ods necess>y to its satisfaction2 we _h n4 ,engl& 0 relatively los+ h] hold !re4 ,9 ano!r tw5ty ye>s ,g]many surely w\ld h be5 "o ( ! greate/ comm]cial & manufactur+ nations :i* ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,s x 0 n economic necessity1 nor pressure approa*+ economic necessity1 :i* precipitat$ ?is w>4 ,i ?9k ! ,g]man p1 z !y pr(ess$ to d1 did become greatly al>m$ ov] a possibility1 magnifi$ into a probability1 t ,russia1 tak+ up ! cause ( ! ,balkan peoples1 w\ld obta9 ,con/ant9ople1 t ,s]via w\ld make h] way to ! ,adriatic1 & t all possibility ( ! expansion ( ,g]many to ! s\!a/ w\ld be block$1 & ,g]many probably became al>m$ ov] ,engl&'s int5tions--!re 7 _m indications ( some?+ close to panic 9 ,g]many aft] x 0 g5]ally und]/ood t ,k+ ,edw>d figur$ 9 ! pact ) ,france4 ,i1 = "o1 d n believe t ! ,g]man fe>s ( ,engl& 7 well gr\nd$2 ,i d n believe t 9 ! excitem5t ! ,g]man m9d work$ discrim9at+ly or t x is work+ ) discrim9ation today4 ,i ?9k t ,g]many has pres5t$ an extraord9>y example ( nation-wide mobm9d$ness 9 a situation :i* (f]$ no?+ b ru9 ?r\gh w> & b\ndless advantages if %e sat tight & wait$ = "s "o else to /rike ! fir/ bl[1 :i*1 !n1 probably nev] w\ld h be5 /ruck4 ,s1 al?\gh ,i h outl9$ :at ,i ?9k may fairly be reg>d$ z "s ( ! economic conditions contribut+ to ! w>1 ,i d n ?9k t x is entirely to be expla9$ by economic causes4 ,!y fail to acc\nt = ! actual precipitation ( ! conflict4 ,i ?9k t !re is no explanation ( t1 %ort ( recognition ( an abnormal reaction ( ! ,g]man m9d to a situation ! nature ( :i* 0 mi/ak51 or1 at lea/1 exagg]at$4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 !re 7 o!r factors conc]n+ :i* we %all n "k ! tru? = ye>s1 su* z ! p]sonal influ5ce ( individual m9ds 9 ! ,g]man & o!r ,gov]nm5ts4 ,x w be long be=e ! complete hi/ory ( ! acts & neglig5ce ( diplomats & o!r responsible ,m9i/]s w be writt54 ,i ask$ ,pr(4 ,gidd+s if1 9 8 op9ion1 ! /ruggle is likely to result 9 any wide & pr(\nd *ange 9 ! economic life ( ! _w4 ,yes1 he repli$1 ,i ?9k x is sure to4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 = at lea/ half a g5]ation1 & p]haps long]1 ! produc+ capital ( ! _w w be mu* small] ?an x 0 be=e ! w>4 ,b 9 ?is speculation we mu/ be cauti\s1 because1 s f>1 ! co/ly w> mat]ial :i* has be5 consum$1 su* z =tresses de/roy$1 guns worn out1 ammunition consum$1 soldi]s' clo?+1 & 9 g5]al food1 7 pr9cipally accumulat$ & paid = long ago4 ,!y h come out ( ! _w's pa/ production1 & _! co/ already has be5 writt5 (f4 ,! real loss1 ! new wa/e1 ov] & above ! deva/ation ( ,belgium & o!r l&s1 has be5 ( labor1 productive activity :i* w\ld h be5 c>ri$ on dur+ ! p]iod ( ! w> _h ! /ruggle be5 avoid$1 ! de/ruction ( ! lives ( m5 9 _! economic prime1 ! maim+ ( o!rs to ! depletion ( _! future usefulness & ! loss to ,european fa!rhood4 ,b if ! w> la/s a long "t1 necessitat+ ! g5]al r5ewal ( %ips1 =tresses1 weapons1 & /ores1 ! wa/e w be enorm\s1 = ! actual money exp5diture w !n come out ( funds newly accumulat$ or *>g$ aga9/ ! future1 & n out ( ^? set aside 9 ! pa/ = w> purposes4 ,"o ,great ,*ange ,occurr+4 ,?us "o great economic *ange already is occurr+--! deva/ation wr\ght1 ! de/ruction ( ho>d$ funds & supplies & ( useful human life4 ,!re are o!rs :i* are probable1 b also problematical1 al?\gh ,i ?9k we fairly may take !m into acc\nt4 ,w ! ,european nations1 9 settlem5t ( _! diff]5ces ?r\gh f9al t]ms ( peace1 simply endeavor to re/ore ! old ord]1 draw+ _! l9es ( dem>kation v /rictly1 enact+1 = example1 high] t>iffs1 ?9k+ t along t l9e w lie ! easie/ way ( re-e/abli%+ national f9ances8 ,if s1 ! old cont5tions w be p]petuat$4 ,x w be ! old ord] ( ?+s ov] aga94 ,we %all aga9 h ! _s ( exclusiv5ess fo/]$ & ! old suspicions br$4 ,! old int5se competition ( nation ) nation = trade to ! exclusion ( o!r nations f ! m>kets ( ! _w w return ) its att5dant ineffici5cy4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! _w w be an imm5se ga9] ?r\gh ! w> if x is foll[$ by a broad & rational review ( ! :ole situation & an adju/m5t ( ! map ( ,europe ) due reg>d to ! ambitions & legitimate economic opportunities & capabilities ( ! v>i\s peoples4 ,?is w> may be ! greate/ good ! _w has ev] kn[n if x leaves ,europe 9 a m5tal /ate dispos$ to ,broad5 opportunity1 to break d[n suspicions1 to elim9ate b>ri]s1 & make comm]ce mu* fre] ?an x has be54 ,!n ,europe's economic recov]y w be rapid1 animosities w die quickly away1 & e nation :i* is n[ involv$ w progress ) a new spe$1 see+ t opportunity is creat$ only ?r\gh sup]iority 9 fair competition4 ,! next possibility1 "o f> m ne>ly a probability1 ,i ?9k1 ?an ! some:at ,utopian speculation 9 :i* ,i h j indulg$1 is t aft] ! w> ! _w w h be5 deeply impress$ by ! trem5d\s activity ( ,g]many1 :e!r %e be victor or vanqui%$4 ,:at is ! secret ( h] effici5cy z manife/$ 9 ! mobilization ( h] va/ army1 9 h] use ( sci5ce 9 new milit>y devices1 9 h] hold+ ( ! elem5ts ( h] national life toge!r dur+ ! /ruggle1 9 h] keep+ h] indu/ries go+ 9 ! face ( unprec$5t$ difficulties--all to a degree nev] be=e dream$ (8 w be a g5]al qu]y4 ,o!r nations w /udy ! ,g]man plan1 ask+ :e!r x is true1 z has be5 taught 9 ,am]ica1 t t ,gov]nm5t is be/ :i* gov]ns lea/4 ,x may be t ?is w> w result1 entirely ap>t f ! urg5cy ( ! labor problem :i* x w magnify1 & :olly on ! gr\nds ( g5]al effici5cy1 9 a g5]al inquiry z to :e!r or n ! "t has come = quasi-sociali/ic national developm5ts4 ,i ?9k x unlikely t ! w> w give impetus to t prolet>ian socialism :i* is f\nd$ on class consci\sness & class /ruggle2 b x may urge =w>d a sociali/ic movem5t bas$ ^u ! l>ge & fruitful idea t ! be/ hope = ! future is (f]$ by ! mo/ complete & highly organiz$ co-op]ation ( all elem5ts1 all int]e/s1 all ag5cies :i* 9 _! comb9ation make up national /ructures4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,i am an optimi/1 & ,i believe t ?is is ab\t :at w come aft] ?is w> ends4 ,to put my !ory 9 slightly diff]5t t]ms1 ,i believe t ! conflict w greatly fur!r ! developm5t ( :at p]haps may be call$ 'public socialism1' & ,i mean by t ! highe/ atta9able organization ( :ole peoples = ! production ( commodities1 ! fur!rance ( ent]prise1 & ! promotion ( ! g5]al well-be+4 ,i ?9k t :5 ! _w sob]s up x w ask3 ',h[ did ,g]many d x8' ,:e!r %e w9s or loses t mu/ be ! univ]sal qu]y1 = :e!r %e w9s or loses h] a*ievem5t has be5 9 _m ways unprec$5t$4 ,!re c be b "o answ] to ?is qu]y3 ,%e did x by an organization :i* br\ght toge!r 9 effici5t co-op]ation ! individual1 ! quasi-private corporation1 ! public corporation1 & ! ,gov]nm5t ^u a scale nev] be=e se54 ,! _w is b\nd to take notice ( ?is4 ,w ,fe> ,loss ( ,lib]ty4 ,i ask$ ,pr(4 ,gidd+s to g beyond economics & to consid] ! w>'s probable results 9 _! broad] sociological aspects4 ,if :at ,i h pr$ict$ happ5s1 he repli$1 ! democratic elem5ts ( society 9 all nations w become appreh5sive ( ! loss ( lib]ty4 ,!y w fe> t 9 ! int]e/s ( effici5cy ! p]fect$ social ord] w impose m9ute & unwelcome regulations ^u individual life & ef=t1 & t a degree ( co]cive control w be e/abli%$ :i* w end by mak+ individuals m]e cogs 9 ! ma*9e1 dim9i%+ _! importance1 curtail+ _! usefulness & initiative f> m ?an is done by ! great indu/rial corporations aga9/ :i* ! work+ classes already are prote/+ s l\dly4 ,& n only ! work+ p b a l>ge proportion ( all o!r classes w develop ^! fe>s1 especially 9 ^? nations :i*1 dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 h built up popul> sov]eignty & democratic fre$om1 z ! t]ms are und]/ood 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,we %all he> ! argum5t t ! loss ( individual initiative & p]sonal self-reliance is too great a price to pay ev5 = supreme effici5cy & ! maximum production ( mat]ial com=ts4 ,! problem :i* su* a conflict ( int]e/s & op9ions w pres5t may be speculatively def9$ z t ( try+ to f9d a way to reconcile a maximum ( effici5cy organization ) a maximum ( individual fre$om4 ,s /at+ x1 we h to recognize t ?is has be5 ! bigge/ problem1 9 fact ! compreh5sive problem1 t man1 has fac$ ?r\gh\t human hi/ory1 & ! "o :i*1 really1 he has be5 try+ to solve by ! trial & error me?od 9 all 8 social exp]im5ts4 ,x is ! sociological z di/+ui%$ f ! m]ely economic problem4 ,human society exi/s because e>ly 9 8 c>e] man discov]$ t mutual aid1 or team "w1 is1 on ! :ole1 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce & ! pursuit ( happ9ess1 a m effective factor ?an physical /r5g? or individual clev]ness4 ,natural selection has act$ n only ^u individuals1 b1 9 ! l>ge s5se1 ^u gr\ps & aggregates ( gr\ps4 ,! re/rictions ^u individual life h develop$ 9 ! int]e/s ( gr\ps1 or collective effici5cy4 ,on ! o!r h&1 collective effici5cy has no mean+1 x s]ves no purpose ap>t f ! amelioration ( individual life & ! developm5t ( individual p]sonality4 ,s long z gr\ps fe> "o ano!r & fight ) "o ano!r ! re/rictions ^u individual lib]ty mu/ be extreme 9 ! int]e/s ( ! collective fight+ effici5cy ( ea* gr\p z a :ole4 ,all ! possibilities ( p]sonal developm5t1 ( individual fre$om1 are involv$ 9 ! l>g] possibilities ( fri5dly relations betwe5 nation & nation4 ,already ! co-op]ative in/9ct has s gr[n t if w> & ! fe> ( w> c\ld be elim9at$1 mank9d w\ld h relatively little difficulty 9 work+ out ways & means ( comb9+ ,gov]nm5tal action ) individual initiative = purposes ( economic production1 education1 ! promotion ( ! public heal?1 & ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,all ^? pr9ciples & rules :i* we call ,morality are1 9 fact1 m]e rules ( ! game ( life4 ,we play ! game or d n play x2 we are fair or unfair4 ,on ! :ole1 mo/ ( u try to be fair because x has be5 f\nd t play+ ! game ) a s5se ( fairness is ! only way 9 :i* we c succe$ 9 work+ toge!r = common ends )\t ! necessity ( impos+ ^u ourselves co]cive rules to hold our organization toge!r = possible mass attack ^u ! end 9 view4 ,social life1 9 ?is s5se ( play+ ! game fairly1 has made man ! sup]ior ( ! brutes he sprang f4 ,!re is no?+ my/]i\s or recondite ab\t x4 ,9 ord] to "w toge!r m5 mu/ und]/& "o ano!r4 ,!re=e1 natural selection has pick$ out ! intellig5t = survival 9 ! social _w2 & 9 ord] to "w toge!r intellig5t m5 mu/ dep5d on "o ano!r1 abid+ by _! cov5ants4 ,!re=e1 aga91 natural selection has pick$ out :at we call ,morality = survival 9 ! social _w4 ,! :ole fur!r progress ( mank9d w\ld seem to hang ^u ! possibility t we c f9d a way to limit &1 if possible1 to t]m9ate w>s betwe5 nations1 = only 9 t cont+5cy c we hope to develop a social sy/em 9 :i* a supreme effici5cy ) a maximum ( individual lib]ty c be comb9$ ^u a work+ basis4 ,application ( ! ,facts4 ,^! are incontrov]tible facts1 & !y f9d _! application to ! exi/+ ,european situation 9 v>i\s ways1 ! mo/ important ( :i* w appe> 9 ! discov]y t1 valuable z conv5tions & cov5ants ( nation ) nation may be1 & intol]able z any violation ( !m surely is1 we _c hope = g5]al & unfail+ obs]vance ( !m until ! feel+ ( mank9d & ! :ole attitude ( ! _w 9 respect to int]national z well z private conduct %all be t ! cov5ants & conv5tions %all become1 9 a degree1 unnecess>y4 ,already x is app>5t t ! entire _w1 includ+ ! peoples ( ! nations at w> z well z ! peoples ( ! nations rema9+ happily at peace1 h1 begun to ?9k ^! ?\ghts & reflect ^u _! mom5t\s importance4 ,%ock$ & /unn$ z nev] be=e by a calamity = :i* we f9d no measure 9 pa/ human exp]i5ce1 mank9d is b\nd to take at ?is mom5t a m sob] view1 a broad] & m rational view1 ( ! problems ( responsibility & collective conduct ?an x hi!rto has be5 able ev5 to attempt4 ,! _w is sure to ask :at ?+s make = sobriety ( judgm5t & integrity ( purpose4 ,x is sure 9 future m c>efully to weigh relative values1 & w be dispos$ to c\nt z unimportant _m ?+s = :i* hi!rto ! arm$ m5 ( nations h ru%$ into w>4 ,9 a ^w1 ?is w> has made ! :ole _w ?9k z no "o ?+ ev] has made x ?9k be=e1 &1 aft] all1 x is ^u ! habit ( ?\ght t we mu/ dep5d = all rational progress4 ,o!r w>s & o!r great ev5ts h fo/]$ s5tim5t1 mu* ( :i* has be5 hopeful & useful2 !y h accompli%$ f>-rea*+ economic *anges1 _m ( !m necess>y4 ,b ! reactions ( ?is w> w surely g beyond all previ\s exp]i5ce4 ,!y already are & mu/ be1 9 a f> great] measure1 pr(\ndly intellectual1 & "o ( ! consequ5ces ( ?is fact inevitably w be ! broad5+ & deep5+ ( ! democratic curr5t4 ,:5 peace returns x w be se5 t democracy has receiv$ a hi!rto unimag9$ impetus4 ,!n x w be und]/ood t democracy1 9 "o ( its mo/ important aspects1 is popul> ?9k+1 t x is ! wide/ possible ext5sion ( ! s5se ( responsibility4 ,a democratic _w w be1 all 9 all1 a peace-lov+ _w4 ,we may confid5tly expect f>-rea*+ *anges 9 ! int]nal political organization ( ! nations n[ involv$4 ,9 e nation ( ,europe ! p are ask+3 ,:at1 aft] all1 is ?is conflict all ab\t8 ,!y w ask ?is _m times1 & h[ev] !y may answ] x !y w1 by consequ5ce1 foll[ ! "q ) ano!r3 ,%all we g on fight+ w>s ab\t ! necessity1 exp$i5ce1 & righte\sness ( :i* we h n be5 consult$8 ,& to ?is qu]y !y w f9d only "o answ]--an emphatic negative4 ,soon] or lat] !re w be a compreh5sive political reorganization ( ,europe1 & :5 its day comes ! re>rangem5t w be along ! l9es ( a republic r ?an along ! l9es ( any mon>*y1 h[ev] lib]al4 ,!n int]national agreem5ts w be unnecess>y & !re w be no treaties to be brok5--no 'scraps ( pap]' to be disreg>d$4 ,app>5tly ,g]many has be5 z successful 9 tra9+ h] p to ?9k accurately along economic l9es z %e has be5 9 tra9+ !m to "w effici5tly along su* l9es2 & t accurate ?\ght und\bt$ly is be>+ />tl+ fruit among ! m5 today cr\*$ 9 ! tr5*es on ! fir+ l9es4 ,era ( ,individual ,?\ght4 ,engl&1 on ! o!r h&1 & ,france h enc\rag$ ! free & spontane\s life ( democratic peoples4 ,france & ,engl&1 l ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h be5 tra9+ _! peoples to ?9k effici5tly ( & to appreciate & use lib]ty & initiative4 ,& ! m5 ( ^! two nations are1 9 turn1 ex]cis+ t ability z !y cr\* 9 _! tr5*es4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is w> has precipitat$ an era ( sob] individual ?\ght ab\t ! individual's rights & responsibilities4 ,x w ev]y:]e br+ ab\t a wid] political organization ( mank9d1 a great] fre$om ( trade & opportunity1 a m s]i\s & ?or\gh education1 a m e>ne/ att5tion & devotion to ! high] int]e/s ( life1 giv+ su* ?\ght pref]5ce above t ov]emphasis ( mat]ial com=ts :i* has be5 s m>k$ a feature ( rec5t human hi/ory4 ,all ^! ?+s w make = peace2 & ano!r & pot5t influ5ce w be ! exhau/ion ( ! weak5$ nations :i* w foll[ ! conflict4 ,because ( t v weakness ,europe w turn its unanim\s att5tion to ! ?+s ( peace r ?an to ! ?+s ( w>4 ,! new ,europe is be+ fa%ion$ by ^? que/ion+ m5 :o n[ are ly+ 9 ! tr5*es4 ,!y are se>*+ 9 ! univ]se = answ]s to su* inquiries z !y nev] dream$ ab\t be=e1 & ! wom51 worry+ at home--!y1 too1 are busy ) a se>* = answ]s to hi!rto undream$-( que/ions4 ,!y all are pond]+ great ?+s = ! fir/ "t4 ,_! pond]+ w be fruitful4 ,today all ,europe fights1 b1 also1 today all ,europe ?9ks4 ,&1 ?9k+1 p]haps x may devise a bett] ord]1 s t x may n ev] fight aga94 ,illu/ration ,to ,am]icans ,leav+ ,g]many ,a ,,f>ewell ,,^w4 ,,am]icans6 ,citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates6 ,9 ?is e>ne/ mom5t 9 :i* y are leav+ ! soil ( ,g]many & ,b]l91 take ) y f ,g]man citiz5s1 f repres5tatives ( trade & indu/ry1 :o are pr\d to ent]ta9 fri5dly comm]cial relations ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a he>ty f>ewell c\pl$ ) ! desire ( a spe$y return4 ,toge!r ) ?is f>ewell we beg y to d u a favor4 ,z our gue/s1 :om we h always honor$ & protect$1 we ask y to take ?is pap] ) y z a memorial & to circulate ! same among y\r au?orities1 press1 fri5ds1 & acqua9tances4 ,=1 we are well aw>e t ! enemies ( ,g]many are at "w to make y ! in/rum5ts to l[] ,g]many's p & army 9 ! face ( ! :ole _w 9 ord] to deceive =eign nations z to ,g]many's policy & economical p[]4 ,we ask y1 z free citiz5s face to face ) free citiz5s1 to circulate ! real tru? ab\t ,g]many among y\r p z comp>$ to ! lies ( our enemies4 ,we beg y to take ! foll[+ ma9 po9ts to he>t3 #a4 ,! ,g]man ,emp]or & ! ,g]man ,nation want$ peace4 ,! cunn+ & brea* ( fai? ( our oppon5ts h =c$ ! sword into ! h&s ( ,g]many4 #b4 ,aft] w> has be5 =c$ on u ! ,g]man ,nation1 ,emp]or1 & ,rei*/ag h grant$ ev]y?+ 9 ! mo/ brilliant unanimity = ! w>4 ,no diff]5ce prevails 9 ,g]many any long]1 no diff]5ce betwe5 p>ty1 confession1 rank or position1 b we are a unit$ nation & army4 #c4 ,our milit>y organization & our mobilization has proce$$ ) spl5did precision4 ,! mobilization 0 accompli%$ dur+ ! c\rse ( a few days4 ,9 addition to ^? :o are compell$ to s]ve1 m ?an #a1bjj1jjj volunte]s h (f]$ _! s]vices4 ,all civil organizations1 f ! head ( indu/ry & f9ance to ! smalle/ man d[nw>d1 vie ) ea* o!r 9 works ( volunt>y aid & welf>e4 #d4 ,9 ! field ,g]man arms h _h spl5did successes 9 ! fir/ days ( mobilization4 ,9 ! ea/ ! ,russian enemy has be5 driv5 f ! ,g]man fronti]1 9 num]\s small fights by our troops 9 conjunction ) ^? ( ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian mon>*y4 ,by successful c\p de ma9s our navy has be5 successful 9 damag+ & al>m+ our ,russian oppon5t 9 h] ,baltic naval ports4 ,! ,russian port ( ,libau has be5 burn$ d[n & 9 ,russian ,pol& revolution has already begun4 ,russian mobilization is a long way f be+ accompli%$1 ! troops are badly1 poorly n\ri%$1 & _m des]t]s sell _! weapons & horses4 ,9 ! we/ ! ,g]man ,army has ga9$ impos+ victories ov] ,belgium & ,france4 ,9 ,belgium1 :]e ! population un=tunately committ$ ! mo/ b>b>\s atrocities aga9/ peaceful ,g]mans be=e ! w> broke out1 comp>atively weak ,g]man =ces conqu]$ ! /rong =tress ( ,lige a few days aft] ! mobilization1 inflict+ sev]e damage on ! enemy & op5+ up ! way via ,belgium to ,france4 ,valuable victories h be5 obta9$ ov] ,france on ! ,alsatian fronti] t[>d ! /rong ,fr5* =tress ( ,bel=t z well z 9 ! direction ( ! =tress ,lunville4 ,at ,mlhaus5 "o & a half ,fr5* ,army divisions 7 ov]?r[n & driv5 back ov] ! fronti] ) heavy losses4 ,! /rong & effective ,g]man fleet is on ! wat* aga9/ ! ,engli% fleet4 ,engl&'s risk is great 9 /ak+ h] reputation z ! /ronge/ naval p[] on "o ?r[ aga9/ ! ,g]man fleet4 ,fur!r1 ,engl& runs ! dang] t h] l>ge colonies1 su* z ,india & ,egypt1 w seize a mom5t t has be5 long desir$ to revolt4 ,x is = ! ,unit$ ,/ates to utilize ! pres5t mom5t to fru/rate by p[]ful initiative ,engl&'s endeavors to keep d[n all nations1 includ+ ,am]ica1 9 ! trade & traffic ( ! _w4 ,citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates6 ,take ! conviction ) y to y\r homes t ,g]many w /ake h] la/ man & h] la/ p5ny = victory4 ,g]many mu/ conqu] & w conqu]4 ,rememb]6 ,t aft] a successful victory ,g]many w make new political & economical progress1 & t ,am]ica1 z a %rewd bus9esslike ,/ate & z a fri5d ( ,g]many1 w p>ticipate 9 su* progress4 ,today we beg y e>ne/ly to convey to y\r fell[-citiz5s t ! ,g]man ,nation1 z ! safe refuge ( civilization & culture1 has always protect$ ! loyal citiz5s ( its enemies 9 e mann] 9 contra/ to ,russia1 ,france1 & ,belgium4 ,by circulat+ ?is %ort memorial among y\r fell[-citiz5s y are likewise insur+ t also 9 ! future ! ,unit$ ,/ates w le>n ! tru? ab\t ,g]many's battles & victories4 ,y\r fri5ds "h w always d ! be/ 9 _! p[] to supply y ) g5u9e news4 ,we wi% y a happy voyage t[>d y\r home1 s appreciat$ by all ,g]mans1 & hope to see y aga9 9 a victori\s & prosp]\s ,g]many4 ,,repres5tatives ,,( ,,g]man ,,indu/ry4 ,b]l91 ,aug4 #ac1 #aiad4 ,g]man ,decl>ations ,by ,rudolf ,euck5 & ,ern/ ,haeckel4 ,dr4 ,euck5 is ,privy ,c\ncilor & ,pr(essor ( ,philosophy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,j5a2 won ! ,nobel ,prize = ,lit]ature 9 #aijh2 has receiv$ _m =eign honor>y degrees & 8 philosophy has be5 exp\nd$ 9 ,engli%4 ,ern/ ,haeckel is ,privy ,c\ncilor & late ,pr(essor ( ,zoology at ! ,univ]sity ( ,j5a2 has writt5 _m works on evolution :i* h be5 translat$ into ,engli%4 ,! :ole ,g]man _w ( lett]s is today fill$ ) deep indignation & /rong moral res5tm5t at ! pres5t behavior ( ,engl&4 ,bo? ( u1 = _m ye>s b\nd to ,engl& by num]\s sci5tific & p]sonal ties1 believe ourselves prep>$ to give op5 expression to ?is inw>d revulsion4 ,9 close co-op]ation ) l-m9d$ ,engli% inve/igators we h zeal\sly ex]t$ ourselves to br+ ! two great peoples clos] toge!r 9 _s & to promote a mutual und]/&+4 ,a fruitful reciprocal int]*ange ( ,engli% & ,g]man culture seem$ to u wor? :ile1 inde$ necess>y1 = ! spiritual advance ( mank9d1 :i* today confronts su* great problems4 ,gratefully we recall 9 ?is connection ! fri5dly reception :i* our ef=ts receiv$ 9 ,engl&4 ,s great & noble 7 ! traits ( ,engli% "* :i* reveal$ !mselves to u t we 7 p]mitt$ to hope t 9 _! sure gr[? !y w\ld come to be sup]ior to ! pitfalls & seamy sides ( ?is "*4 ,& n[ !y h prov$ inf]ior1 inf]ior to ! old evil ( a brutal national egotism :i* recognizes no rights on ! "p ( o!rs1 :i*1 unconc]n$ ab\t morality or unmorality1 pursues only its own advantage4 ,hi/ory furni%es 9 abundance examples ( su* an unscrupul\s egotism2 we ne$ recall "h only ! de/ruction ( ! ,dani% fleet 7#ahjg7 & ! !ft ( ! ,dut* colonies 9 ! ,napoleonic w>s4 ,b :at is tak+ place today is ! wor/ ( all2 x w be =ev] po9t$ at 9 ! annals ( _w hi/ory z ,engl&'s indelible %ame4 ,engl& fights 9 behalf ( a ,slavic1 half-,asiatic p[] aga9/ ,g]manism2 %e fights on ! side n only ( b>b>ism b also ( moral inju/ice1 = x is inde$ n =gott5 t ,russia began ! w> because %e w\ld p]mit no radical rep>ation = a %ameful murd]4 ,x is ,engl& ^: fault has ext5d$ ! pres5t w> into a _w w>1 & has !reby endang]$ our jo9t culture4 ,& all ?is = :at reason8 ,because %e 0 jeal\s ( ,g]many's greatness1 because %e want$ to h9d] at any price a fur!r gr[? ( ?is greatness4 ,= !re _c be ! lea/ d\bt on ?is po9t t ,engl& 0 det]m9$ 9 advance to ca/ z _m ob/acles z possible 9 ! way ( ,g]many's great /ruggle = national exi/5ce1 & to h9d] h] z mu* z possible 9 ! full developm5t ( h] p[]s4 ,%e 7,engl&7 0 wat*+ only = a favorable opportunity :5 %e c\ld break out sudd5ly aga9/ ,g]many1 & %e !re=e promptly seiz$ on ! necess>y ,g]man invasion ( ,belgium 9 ord] t %e might cov] ) a small cloak ( dec5cy h] brutal national egotism4 ,or is !re 9 ! :ole wide _w any "o s simple z to believe t ,engl& w\ld h decl>$ w> on ,france also if ! latt] _h invad$ ,belgium8 ,9 t ev5t %e w\ld h wept hypocritical te>s ov] ! unavoidable violation ( int]national law2 b z = ! re/ %e w\ld h laugh$ 9 h] sleeve ) great satisfaction4 ,?is hypocritical ,ph>isaism is ! mo/ repugnant feature ( ! :ole matt]2 x des]ves no?+ b contempt4 ,! hi/ory ( ! _w %[s t su* s5tim5ts lead ! nations n upw>d b d[nw>d4 ,= ! pres5t1 h[ev]1 we tru/ firmly 9 our j cause1 9 ! sup]ior /r5g? & ! unyield+ victori\s _s ( ! ,g]man p4 ,yet we mu/ at ! same "t lam5t deeply t ! b\ndless egotism we h ref]r$ to has di/urb$ = an immeasurable p]iod ( "t ! spiritual co-op]ation ( ! two peoples :i* promis$ s mu* good = ! developm5t ( mank9d4 ,b !y wi%$ x s on _! side--on ,engl& alone falls ! mon/r\s guilt & ! hi/orical responsibility4 ,,rudolf ,,euck54 ,,ern/ ,,haeckel4 ,j5a1 ,aug4 #ah1 #aiad4 ,a ,second ,appeal ,to ! ,univ]sities ( ,am]ica3 ,9 a "t :5 half ( ! _w falls ^u ,g]many full ( hatr$ & envy1 we ,g]mans d]ive great b5efit f ! idea ( our be+ sure ( ! fri5dly feel+ ( ! ,am]ican univ]sities4 ,if f any qu>t] 9 ! _w1 x mu/ be f !m t we expect ! "r compreh5sion ( ! pres5t situation & pres5t attitude ( ,g]many4 ,num]\s ,am]ican s*ol>s :o receiv$ _! sci5tific tra9+ at our univ]sities h conv9c$ !mselves ( ! quality & ! peaceful t5d5cy ( ,g]man "w1 ! ex*ange ( sci5ti/s has prov$ ( deep5+ influ5ce on ! mutual und]/&+1 ! la/+ int]c\rse ( s*ol>ly rese>* gives u ! feel+ ( be+ memb]s ( "o great community4 ,?is is :y we ent]ta9 ! hope t ! sci5tific circles ( ,am]ica w n give cr$it to ! libels our enemies propagate aga9/ u4 ,^! libels1 above all1 accuse ,g]many ( hav+ br\ght ab\t ! pres5t w>1 %e be+ responsible = ! mon/r\s /ruggle :i* is ext5d+ m & m ov] ! :ole _w4 ,! tru? po9ts to ! contr>y4 ,our foes h di/urb$ u 9 our peaceful "w1 =c+ ! w> ^u u v mu* aga9/ our desire4 ,we are at a righte\s w> = ! pres]vation ( our exi/5ce & at ! same "t ( sacr$ goods ( humanity4 ,! murd] ( ,s]ajevo 0 n our "w2 x 0 ! outcome ( a widely ext5d+ conspiracy po9t+ back to ,s]via1 :]e = _m ye>s already a passionate agitation aga9/ ,au/ria _h be5 c>ri$ on1 support$ by ,russia4 ,x 0 ,russia1 !re=e1 t took ! assass9s "u h] w+s1 & "s weeks already be=e ! w> broke out %e promis$ h] assi/ance to t blood-/a9$ ,/ate4 ,nobody b ,russia has giv5 ! dang]\s turn to ! conflict2 nobody b ,russia is to blame = ! outbreak ( ! w>4 ,! ,g]man ,emp]or1 :o has prov$ 8 love ( peace by a peaceful reign ( m ?an tw5ty-five ye>s1 9 face ( ! imm95t dang]1 tri$ to int]m$iate betwe5 ,au/ria & ,russia ) ! greate/ zeal1 b :ile he 0 negotiat+ ) ! ,cz> ,russia 0 busy ) ! mobilization ( a l>ge army t[>d ! ,g]man fronti]4 ,?is necessitat$ an op5 & decisive inquiry t l$ to ! w>4 ,?is only happ5$ because ,russia want$ x s1 because %e want$ to raise ! ,muscovites aga9/ ! ,g]mans & ! ,we/]n ,slavs & to lead ,asia into ! field aga9/ ,europe4 ,france1 too1 might h kept ! peace1 ! decision re/+ solely ) h]4 ,! security ( ,g]many dem&$ t %e %\ld inquire :at ,france w\ld d 9 ! imp5d+ w>2 ! answ] ( ,france unmi/akably betray$ h] int5tion to jo9 9 ! w>4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 n ,g]many b ,france :o comm5c$ ! w>4 ,engl& already be=e ! w> /ood 9 close relations to ,france4 ,f ! v beg9n+ %e has cle>ly %[n t %e by no means want$ to keep absolutely neutral4 ,f ! v beg9n+ %e made endeavors to protect ,france aga9/ ,g]many4 ,und\bt$ly ! ,g]man invasion 9 ,belgium s]v$ ,engl& z a welcome pretext to op5ly decl>e h] ho/ility4 ,9 reality1 be=e ! ,g]man invasion1 already ! neutrality ( ,belgium _h be5 giv5 up 9 favor ( ! ,fr5*4 ,x has be5 (ficially /at$1 e4g41 t n only be=e b also aft] ! outbreak ( ! w> ,fr5* (fic]s h be5 at ,lige 9 ord] to in/ruct ! ,belgian soldi]s z to ! =tification s]vice4 ,engl&'s compla9ts ( ! violation ( int]national law1 h[ev]1 are ! mo/ atroci\s hypocrisy & ! vile/ ,ph>isaism4 ,at all times ,engli% politics h unscrupul\sly disreg>d$ all =ms ( law z soon z _! own int]e/ 0 t\*$4 ,dur+ ! la/ few weeks ! same me?od has be5 q suffici5tly manife/$ 9 ! unlawful capture ( ! ,turki% w>%ips1 & /ill m s 9 ! in/igation ( ! ,japanese to und]take ! dete/able raid ^u ! ,g]man t]ritory 9 ,*9a1 :i* ne$s mu/ end 9 /r5g!n+ ! p[] ( t ,mongolian nation at ! co/s ( ,europeans & ,am]icans4 ,h[ x is possible = a nation t 9 su* a way has betray$ preci\s int]e/s ( ,we/]n culture z soon z x seems to b5efit !m1 h[ is x possible = ^! accomplices ( ! ,japanese robb]y to put on ! air ( be+ ! gu>dians ( morality8 ,we ,g]mans did n want ?is w>1 b z x has be5 =c$ ^u u we %all c>ry x on bravely & vigor\sly4 ,9 ! face ( all envy & hatr$1 all brutality & hypocrisy1 ,g]many feels un%akably consci\s ( s]v+ a righte\s cause & ( /&+ up = ! pres]vation ( h] national self z well z = sacr$ goods ( humanity2 inde$1 = ! v progress ( true culture4 ,x is f ?is conviction t %e draws h] unrel5t+ =ce & ! absolute c]ta9ty t %e w beat back ! assault ( all h] enemies4 ,?is conviction does n /& 9 ne$ ( any enc\ragem5t f abroad2 our c\ntry absolutely relies ^u itself & confides 9 ! /r5g? ( its "r4 ,nev]!less1 ! idea ( our ,am]ican fri5ds' ?\ghts & sympa?ies be+ ) u gives u a /rong feel+ ( com=t 9 ?is gigantic /ruggle4 ,we bo? ( u feel especially ju/ifi$ 9 pron\nc+ ?is z be+ ! conviction ( all ,g]man sci5ti/s1 z s _m sci5tific & p]sonal relations connect u bo? ) ! univ]sities ( ,am]ica4 ,^! univ]sities "k :at ,g]man culture means to ! _w1 s we tru/ !y w /& by ,g]many4 ,,rudolf ,,euck54 ,,ern/ ,,haeckel4 ,j5a1 ,aug4 #ca1 #aiad4 ,! ,euck5 & ,haeckel ,*>ges ,by ,john ,w>beke4 ,pr(essor ( ,philosophy & ,psy*ology at ,m\nt ,holyoke ,college4 ,a ,lett] to ! ,spr+field ,republican4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,spr+field ,republican3 ,! approval ( ,presid5t ,wilson = neutrality ( language c h>dly be con/ru$ into complac5cy 9 ! face ( mon/r\s evil4 ,if a judicial attitude ( m9d be n jeop>diz$ a discussion ( ! issues rais$ by ,pr(s4 ,euck5 & ,haeckel ought to help u 9 ! atta9m5t ( imp>tial judgm5t4 ,a long acqua9tance ) bo? ^! m5 makes x h>d = ! pres5t writ] to give expression to su* negative criticism z he is con/ra9$ to d4 ,b 8 plea c be only ?is3 ,n tru? b only passion c sep>ate1 & tru? is great] ev5 ?an fri5d%ip4 ,! *>ge ( brutal national egoism is laid at ,engl&'s door4 ,%e is decl>$ to be ! in/igator ( ! pres5t _w w>4 ,^u h] alone falls ! mon/r\s guilt & ! judgm5t ( hi/ory4 ,su* language f two b5evol5t philosoph]s1 "o ( !m a w9n] ( ! ,nobel ,peace ,prize = ,ideali/ic ,lit]ature1 seems to sugge/ a lack ( in=mation among ! ,g]man p1 includ+ its mo/ enlight5$ expon5ts1 ( n only _! own publi%$ ,:ite ,pap] dispat*es1 b also ( ! ev5ts ( ! la/ two mon?s4 ,x seems h>dly possible t 9 ! case ( ^! two g5tlem5 a delib]ate campaign ( vitup]ation c\ld h be5 inaugurat$ ) det]m9ation to bl9d !mselves to facts cle>ly /at$ 9 ! reports ( bo? cont5d+ p>ties-- ,fir/--,t ,s]via1 9 reply to t5 urg5t dem&s on ! "p ( ,au/ria1 acquiesc$ 9 n9e & propos$ to submit ! t5?1 z conc]n+ h] national integrity1 to ,! ,hague ,tribunal4 ,au/ria1 nev]!less1 decl>$ w>1 ) ,g]many's self-confess$ assurances ( support4 ,secondly--,g]many 0 ! second to decl>e w>1 ! mobilization ( ,russia be+ assign$ z ! reason = ?is /ep4 ,! objection ( ,g]many's initial campaign1 z %[n by ev5ts1 0 n def5se aga9/ ! confess$ly sl[ly mobiliz+ ,russians1 h[ev]1 b ! humiliation & subjugation ( ,france4 ,& ! means employ$ to t end includ$ ! treaty-break+ invasion1 & m ?an invasion1 ( ,belgium1 :o is suff]+ because ( ?is /ep s necess>y = ,g]many4 ,?irdly--,engl&1 z is repeat$ly demon/rat$ by ! (ficial docum5ts1 ( bo? sides1 /ra9$ e means to br+ ab\t a common und]/&+4 ,! appeals ( ,sir ,edw>d ,grey = m "t 9 ! ,s]vian ultimatum & = a c\ncil ( ,ambassadors 7 met by ! ,au/rian & ,g]man ,gov]nm5ts respectively ) evasion4 ,& ,engl& 0 ! la/ ( ! great p[]s to ent] ! conflict1 h] plea be+ ! moral obligation ( support+ treaties 9 :i* %e gu>ante$ ! integrity ( a weak neighbor & und]took to def5d h] ally1 ,france1 :5 attack$4 ,! ,case ( ,engl&4 ,we may ju/ifiably ask1 !n1 ,:at basis is !re = ! *>ge t ,engl&'s brutal1 national egoism provok$ ! _w w>8 ,! answ] is a two-fold "o4 ,hi/orically1 ,engl& has exhibit$ aggression 9 ! ext5sion ( h] int]e/s2 morally1 ,engl& supports ! ,russian aggressor1 :o decl9$ to all[ ,au/ria ! ?or\ghgo+ puni%m5t ( an ignom9i\s murd]1 cloak+ h] real int5tions beh9d ! mantle ( a contemptible sanctimoni\sness & hypocrisy conc]n+ treaty obligations4 ,! fir/ *>ge aga9/ ,engl& is un=tunately true4 ,hi/ory records in/ances ( ,briti% aggression 9 ! ext5sion ( h] int]e/s & ! cases cit$ 7de/ruction ( ! ,dani% fleet & ! tak+ ( ,dut* colonies7 are good examples4 ,! implication1 h[ev]1 involv$ 9 ! /atem5t is t su* aggression is n to be f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( ,prussia4 ,?is is cle>ly an error4 ,f ! "t ( ! ,m>kgraf5 ev5 unto ! ,agadir incid5t x has be5 *>act]i/ic ( ,prussia to ext5d h] b\nd>ies & int]e/s "u ! plea ( milit>y necessity4 ,aggression is ! only ^w to *>act]ize ,fr$]ick's seizure ( ,silesia & "p ( ,pol&4 ,s\? & ,ea/ ,prussia 7 add$ by ! same =cible means 7#agic-agie74 ,9 ! ,napoleonic w>s ,sw$i% ,pom]ania fell z ! booty ( milit>y necessity4 ,s*leswig-,hol/e9 0 fil*$ f ,d5m>k 7#ahff7 by ! same ext5sion ( h] greatness4 ,once m x 0 ! plea 9 ,alsace-,lorra9e--s necess>y = ,g]many4 ,nor are we "h urg+ immunity ( criticism = ourselves4 ,x is sadly true t ! hi/ory ( _m nom9ally ,*ri/ian ,/ates1 includ+ t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & n exclud+ ! ,papacy1 includes *apt]s ( aggression4 ,b ! po9t involv$1 namely1 ! *>ge ( ,engl&'s aggression 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 is cle>ly an a priori "o1 bas$ on a presupposition ( monopoly :i* lacks mat]ial support4 ,no evid5ce is pres5t$ to ju/ify ! /atem5t1 nor d ! facts seem to all[ ( any su* con/ruction4 ,! second argum5t1 ,engl&'s support ( ,russia's unwill+ness to p]mit ! expiation ( an ignom9i\s murd]1 is a /range & un=tunate comm5t>y on h[ ev5 9 philosophic m9ds a preconceiv$ idea w di/ort ! mo/ unmi/akable evid5ce4 ,= ,s]via 9 h] reply to ! ,au/rian dem&s agre$ to h j puni%m5t inflict$ ^u ! murd]]s1 ev5 go+ s f> z to cause ! arre/ ( ^? p]haps unju/ly suspect$ by ! ,au/rian committee & to sugge/ an int]national c\rt4 ,h[1 !n1 did ,russia /& 9 ! way ( ! puni%m5t8 ,au/ria decl>$ w>1 ) ! self-confess$ assurances ( ,g]man support1 all too obvi\sly = reasons o!r ?an ! ones m5tion$ 9 ! ultimatum to :i* ,s]via acquiesc$4 ,! *>ge ( ,russian mobilization 9 view ( su* a situation sugge/s ! temp] ( ! man :o1 :5 caught 9 8 own be> trap1 tries to f9d 8 neighbor at fault4 ,suppose ,g]many _h rema9$ on ! def5sive1 w\ld w> h be5 likely8 ,suppose ,g]many _h n back$ up ! entirely unju/ifiable milit>y movem5t ( ,au/ria1 w\ld ! g5]al w> h be5 probable8 ,:]e ,nietzs*e ,comes ,94 ,x seems m likely :5 "o passes 9 review ! extant data t at lea/ "o & a crucial cause = ! pres5t situation is ! ov]:elm+ p[] & unb5d+ w to victory 9 ! ,g]man p :5 confront$ ) an opportunity = ! fur!r expansion ( _! greatness4 ,t su* phrases %\ld be 9 ! m\?s ( our apologi/s = ! w> is significant4 ,& t ! invasion ( ,belgium s necess>y = ! ,g]mans is treat$ by ! spokesm5 ( morality solely & confess$ly f ! /&po9t ( milit>y exp$i5cy seems to indicate ! p]meation ( ! ,nietzs*e sup]man into ! v /ronghold ( ideali/ic philosophy4 ,x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be z absurd to suppose ,nietzs*e a direct cause ( ?is w> z x w\ld be to reg>d ! ,s]ajevo murd]]s z ! sole cause4 ,nietzs*e 0 & is an expon5t ( 8 "t1 z well z "o reciprocally fo/]+ su* movem5ts z ,b]nh>di milit>ism & ! ,cr[n ,pr9ce's w> book4 ,p]haps x w n be inappropriate "h to cite f ,w> & ! ,p ( ,w>1 9 ,also ,spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 7,pages #fg-fh17 ! magnum opus ( ,nietzs*e3 ,y %\ld love peace z a means to new w> & brief peace m ?an a long "o4 ,d y say1 ,x is a good cause by :i* a w> is hall[$8 ,i say unto y1 ,x is a good w> :i* hall[s e cause4 ,w> & c\rage h done great] ?+s ?an ! love ( "o's neighbor4 ,:at1 !n1 is good8 y ask4 ,to be brave is good4 ,let "y maid5s say1 ,good is to be pretty & t\*+4 ,b y are hateful8 ,well1 s be x1 my bre?r56 ,ca/ ab\t y a mantle ( ! sublimely hateful4 ,& :5 y\r s\l has become great x w become wanton2 9 y\r greatness !re w be malice1 ,i "k1 & 9 malice ! pr\d he>t w meet ! weakl+4 ,?is1 we are told1 is n to be tak5 lit]ally--all is symbolism & has a mean+ o!r ?an ! m direct "o4 ,b ! fact rema9s1 z c be te/ifi$ by ! pres5t writ] f ?ree ye>s' resid5ce z a univ]sity /ud5t 9 ,g]many1 t ! rank & file z well z ! ari/ocracy--f labor]s & small %opkeep]s1 petty (ficials1 & /ud5ts to ,judges ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt & univ]sity pr(essors :o h become secret c\ncilors 7,geheimrat7--n only 9 ,b]l9 & ,bonn b 9 ,muni* & ,heidelb]g1 all h become om9\sly full ( ! doctr9e ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ & ! consequ5t exp$i5cy ( p[]1 n only 9 intellectual rivalry b 9 ,krupps & high explosives4 ,! ,nietzs*e fire may1 p]haps1 s]ve a purpose on ! he>?/one ( our inmo/ life if x be to rescue u f complac5cy & secure inanity1 b 9 ! =m ( electrically connect$ lyddite /ores & gasol9e bombs x drives ^? :o believe 9 a sup]nation to a lit]al int]pretation ( ! above widely popul> philosophy4 ,&1 z demon/rat$ at ,l\va9 & ,rheims1 x goes f> to oblit]ate ! memorials ( a pa/ :i* ,nietzs*e ?\ght s contemptible a *eck ^u ! pr[ess ( ! blonde ,be/ie z he progress$ t[>d--t[>d ! sup]man4 ,x 0 wide ( ! m>k1 !re=e1 to attribute t :i* be>s ! /amp made 9 ,g]many to ,engl&4 ,b]nh>di & ! ,cr[n ,pr9ce ) _! ?\s&s ( (fic]s & ! multitudes 9 ! ranks to :om ,nietzs*e has become an inspir+ motive are n to be con/ru$ z ,engli% surely4 ,nor does ! ,engli% culture1 s f> z ! pres5t writ] is in=m$1 conta9 a sup]man1 unless x be ,b]n>d ,%aw6 ,engli% p h to import beyond good & evil philosophy1 & z hi/orians ( ?\ght ,pr(s4 ,euck5 & ,haeckel mu/ "k t x has nev] _h a foo?old !re4 ,_h x be5 brutal national egoism1 kn[+ no rights ( o!rs1 :i* motivat$ ,brita91 %e w\ld n n[ h gone to w>--9 ord] t %e might pr(it f9ally by ! inevitable exhau/ion ( ! ,cont95t4 ,& hav+ tak5 ! cle> /& %e has1 :at b good-w & ! consci\sness ( a j cause br\ght support & sacrifice f ! h&s & lives ( h] grateful peoples all ov] ! e>?8 ,w\ld brutality h done x8 ,! same "q might be ask$ conc]n+ ,france's empire f :i* %e d]ives *iefly ! consci\sness ( an ext5d+ civilization4 ,! ,claims ( ,g]man ,culture4 ,a ^w m %\ld be add$ conc]n+ ! condesc5d+ tone g5]ally ( ! expon5ts ( ,g]man culture & m specifically t ( ! di/+ui%$ writ]s ( ! circul> lett]4 ,!y _h up to ! pres5t cont9u$ to hope = gr[? 9 ,engli% lit]>y & sci5tific developm5t4 ,be=e ?is dismal egoism got ! upp] h& ! ,engli% p really & truly possess$ "s noble traits & s =?4 ,z = ,russian culture1 suppos$ly includ+ its sci5ce & lit]ature1 music1 ar*itecture & ! re/1 x is all effac$ by a s+le b>b>ism6 ,! implication ( su* an attitude & su* words is t ! ,kreml9 or ,rheims1 ,%akespe>e & ,rembr&t1 ,mi*aelangelo1 ,d>w91 ,sp9oza & ! treasures ( ,l\va9 might be easily p>allel$ or surpass$ by ,g]man ca!drals1 ,g]man sculpture1 ,g]man pa9t+s1 ,g]man lit]ature & s =?4 ,x is n our pres5t purpose to dispute ! claim1 b only to rem9d ! ,teutons t 9 ,france & ,belgium !y h decl>$ w>1 n inde$ ^u sup]m51 b ^u _m g5tlem5 & "s wor?y fruits ( _! spirits1 & t !y h de/roy$ mu* :i* =m]ly enri*$ ! life ( ! _w4 ,x is ! claim ( "s objective ,g]man writ]s t a modicum ( mode/y w\ld prove ! mo/ sub/antial contribution to ,teutonic civilization4 ,defeat ( ,g]man arms might1 !re=e1 prove a bless+ to ! self-laud$ culture z well z call a halt to ! brutal sci5ce ( ,krupps4 ,z in/ances ( au?ors m5tion$ above1 a passage f ! lam5t$ ,fri$ri* ,pauls5's ,sy/em d] ,e?ic 7,page #ehb7 may1 ju/ly1 be cit$3 ,insol5ce /ill cont9ues to impress ! av]age ,g]man4 ,! _s ( ,engli% sci5tific int]c\rse =ms a highly pleas+ contra/ to ! ,g]man habit4 ,take su* writ]s z ,mill & ,d>w92 !y speak to ! read] z ?\gh he did !m a favor by li/5+ to !m1 & :5ev] !y ent] ^u a controv]sy1 !y d x 9 a mann] :i* expresses respect & a desire = mutual und]/&+4 ,! ,g]man s*ol> believes t x w detract f ! respect due him if he does n assume a tone ( condesc5sion or ov]be>+ c5sure4 ,exam9e ! fir/ sci5tific j\rnal y may happ5 to pick up2 ev5 ! smalle/ anonym\s ann\ncem5t brea!s ! air ( inf9ite sup]iority4 ,a second passage is quot$ f ! great "w ( ,wilhelm ,s*]]1 ,ges*i*te d] ,deuts*5 ,litt]atur 7,pages #bj-ba73 ,recklessness seems to be ! curse ( our spiritual developm5t 444 ob/9acy 9 good & 9 evil4 ,beauty we h n (t5 s]v$1 nor long at a "t4 ,^! are1 ( c\rse1 n ! judgm5ts ( ! pres5t writ]4 ,conviction does n fl[ f ! argum5t conc]n+ ,engl&'s brutal egoism & reckless immorality "u ! cloak ( sanctimoni\sness2 nor is !re /r5g? 9 ! appeal = ,teuton culture4 ,all has ! tone ( special plead+ & makes d\bly significant a s5t5ce f ,nietzs*e :5 he pleads = an ov]com+ ( our ideals ( v]acity3 ',i h done ?is ?+1' says my memory1 ',i c\ld n h done ?is ?+1' says my pride & rema9s inexorable4 ,f9ally memory yields4 7,beyond ,good & ,evil1 ,page #id47 ,,john ,,w>beke4 ,m\nt ,holyoke ,college1 ,s\? ,hadley1 ,sept4 #bc1 #aiad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,br&] ,,mat!ws 7,photo by ,br[n ,bros47 ,see ,page #eda ,illu/ration3 ,,newell ,,dwight ,,hill ,see ,page #egc ,conc]n+ ,g]man ,culture ,by ,br&] ,mat!ws4 ,pr(essor ( ,dramatic ,lit]ature at ,columbia ,univ]sity2 au?or ( _m works on lit]ature & ! developm5t ( ! drama4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,9 ! e>ne/ & s9c]e appeals ( v>i\s di/+ui%$ ,g]mans1 ,pr(4 ,euck51 ,pr(4 ,haeckel1 & ! sev]al au?ors ( ,! ,tru? ,ab\t ,g]many1 we f9d frequ5t ref]5ces to ,g]man culture z ?\gh x 0 ( a sup]ior quality to ! culture ( e o!r nationality2 & we seem to p]ceive also a su/a9+ belief t ,g]many is n only ! def5d] ( civilization1 b its =emo/ expon5t4 ,we h no "r to "q ! good fai? ( s*ol>s ( ! high "* ( ,euck5 & ,haeckel2 & we _c d\bt _! be+ hone/ly possess$ ( ! conviction t ,g]many is ! supreme example ( a highly civiliz$ ,/ate & ! undisput$ lead] 9 ! arts & sci5ces :i* repres5t culture4 ,x is pla9 t ^! ,g]man writ]s take ?is = grant$ & t !y w\ld be indignantly surpris$ if x %\ld be que/ion$4 ,to an ,am]ican :o feels himself a %>] ( ! noble h]itage ( ,engli% lit]ature1 & :o has sat = m ?an =ty ye>s at ! feet ( ! ma/]s ( ,fr5* lit]ature1 ?is claim _c b come z a />tl+ surprise4 ,! mo/ obvi\s *>act]i/ic ( a highly civiliz$ man is 8 will+ness to keep 8 ^w1 at :atev] co/ to himself4 ,= reasons satisfactory to itself1 ,g]many broke its pl$ge to respect ! neutrality ( ,luxemburg & ( ,belgium4 ,x is ano!r *>act]i/ic ( civilization to *]i% ! works ( art :i* h be5 bequea!d to u by ! pa/4 ,= reasons satisfactory to itself ,g]many de/roy$ ,l\va91 m or less completely4 ,x is a f9al *>act]i/ic ( civiliz$ man to be humane & to refra9 f ill-treat+ ! blameless4 ,= reasons satisfactory to itself ,g]many dropp$ bombs 9 ! unbesieg$ ,city ( ,antw]p & caus$ ! dea? ( innoc5t wom5 & *ildr54 ,"h are ?ree in/ances :]e ,g]man culture has be5 te/$ & f\nd want+4 ,! ,/&>d ,be>] ( ,culture4 ,b x may be urg$ t w> has its own exig5cies & t ^! ?ree in/ances ( unciviliz$ conduct p>took ( ! nature ( milit>y necessities4 ,turn+ f ! outrages ( w> to ! triumphs ( peace1 let u make a dis9t]e/$ attempt to f9d out j :at f\ndation !re may be = ! implicit ass]tion t ,g]many is ! /&>d be>] ( civilization4 ,p]haps x is too petty to po9t out t mann]s are ! outw>d & visible sign ( civilization1 & t 9 ?is respect ! ,g]mans h n yet atta9$ to ! /&>d set by ! ,fr5* & ! ,engli%4 ,b x is n insignificant to record t ! ,g]mans alone reta9 a b>b>ic m$iaeval alphabet1 :ile ! re/ ( ,we/]n ,europe has adopt$ ! m legible & m graceful ,roman lett]2 & x is n unimportant to note t ,g]man press /yle is cumbr\s & unc\?4 ,tak5 collectively1 ^! ?+s seem to %[ ,g]man culture is a little lack+ 9 ! social in/9ct1 ! desire to make ?+s easy & pleasant = o!rs4 ,x is ?is social in/9ct :i* is ! dom9at+ influ5ce 9 ,fr5* civilization & :i* has giv5 to ,fr5* civilization its incomp>able urbanity & am5ity4 ,x is to ! abs5ce ( ?is social in/9ct1 to ! inability to und]/& ! attitude ( o!r p>ties to a discussion1 to ! unwill+ness to appreciate _! po9t ( view1 t we may ascribe ! failure ( ,g]man diplomacy1 a failure :i* has left h] almo/ )\t a fri5d 9 h] h\r ( ne$4 ,& success 9 diplomacy is "o ( ! supreme te/s ( civilization4 ,! claim ass]t$ explicity or implicitly 9 behalf ( ,g]man culture seems to be bas$ on ! belief t ! ,g]mans are lead]s 9 ! arts & 9 ! sci5ces4 ,s f> z ! art ( w> is conc]n$ !re is no ne$ today to dispute ! ,g]man claim4 ,x is to ! prep>ation = w> t ,prussia has devot$ its utmo/ en]gy = half a c5tury--9 fact1 ev] s9ce ,bism>ck began to make ready = ! seiz+ ( unwill+ ,s*leswig-,hol/e94 ,& s f> z ! art ( music is conc]n$ !re is also no ne$ to cavil4 ,b :at ab\t ! o!r & m purely intellectual arts8 ,h[ _m are ! contempor>y pa9t]s & sculptors & ar*itects ( ,g]many :o h succe$$ 9 w9n+ ! cosmopolitan reputation :i* has be5 ! rew>d ( a score ( ! arti/s ( ,france & ( half a doz5 ( ! arti/s ( ,am]ica8 ,s9ce ,goe!1 ,:o8 ,:5 we consid] ! art ( lett]s we f9d a simil> condition4 ,g]many has _h philosoph]s & hi/orians ( high rank2 b 9 pure lit]ature1 9 :at us$ to be call$ belles-lettres1 f ! dea? ( ,goe! 9 #ahcb to ! adv5t ( ! y\ng] g5]ation ( dramati/s1 ,sud]mann & ,hauptmann & ! re/1 9 ! f9al decade ( ! n9ete5? c5tury--t is to say1 = a p]iod ( ne>ly sixty ye>s--only "o ,g]man au?or succe$$ 9 w9n+ a worldwide celebrity--& ,he9e 0 a ,hebrew1 :o di$ 9 ,p>is1 out ( favor ) 8 c\ntrym51 p]haps because he _h be5 unceas+ 9 call+ att5tion to ! defici5cies ( ,g]man culture4 ,!re 7 9 ,g]many _m writ]s :o appeal$ /rongly to _! fell[-c\ntrym51 b except only ! solit>y ,he9e no ,g]man writ] atta9$ to ! int]national fame a*iev$ by ,coop] & by ,poe1 by ,walt ,:itman & by ,m>k ,twa94 ,& x 0 dur+ ^! ?reescore ye>s ( lit]>y aridity 9 ,g]many t !re 0 a sup]b lit]>y fecundity 9 ,great ,brita9 & 9 ,france1 & t ea* ( ^! c\ntries produc$ at lea/ a score ( au?ors ^: names are kn[n ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,ev5 sp>sely settl$ ,sc&9avia br\ght =? a triumvirate1 ,bjrns51 ,ibs51 & ,br&es1 )\t compe]s 9 ,g]many4 ,& f ,russia ! fame ( ,turg5ef & ( ,tol/oy spread abroad a k ( ! he>t & m9d ( a great p :o are d5\nc$ by ,g]mans z b>b>\s4 ,x is probably 9 ! field ( sci5ce1 pure & appli$1 t ! def5d]s ( ! supremacy ( ,g]man culture w\ld take _! la/ /&4 ,t ! ,g]man contribution to sci5ce has be5 important is indisputable2 yet x is equally indisputable t ! two dom9at+ sci5tific lead]s ( ! second half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury are ,d>w9 & ,pa/eur4 ,x is 9 *emi/ry t ! ,g]mans h be5 pione]s2 yet ! greate/ ( mod]n *emi/s is ,m5deleef4 ,x 0 ,h]tz :o made ! discov]y :i* is ! f\ndation ( ,m>coni's inv5tion2 b al?\gh n a few valuable discov]ies are to be cr$it$ to ! ,g]mans1 p]haps almo/ z _m z to ei!r ! ,fr5* or ! ,briti%1 ! ,g]man contribution 9 ! field ( inv5tion1 9 ! practical application ( sci5tific discov]y1 has be5 less ?an t ( ,france1 less ?an t ( ,great ,brita91 & less ?an t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,g]mans contribut$ little or no?+ to ! developm5t ( ! railroad1 ! /eamboat1 ! automobile1 ! a]oplane1 ! telegraph1 ! telephone1 ! phonograph1 ! photograph1 ! mov+ picture1 ! electric light1 ! sew+ ma*9e1 & ! reap] & b9d]4 ,ev5 ^? dread in/rum5ts ( w>1 ! revolv] & ! ma*9e gun1 ! turret$ %ip1 ! torp$o1 & ! subm>9e1 are n due to ! milit>y ardor ( ! ,g]mans4 ,x w\ld seem z ?\gh ! ,g]mans _h be5 lack+ 9 ! inv5tiv5ess :i* is s m>k$ a feature ( our mod]n civilization4 ,9 ?is inquiry !re has be5 no desire to d5y ! value ( ! ,g]man contributions to ! arts & to ! sci5ces4 ,^! contributions are kn[n to all2 !y speak = !mselves2 !y r$\nd to ! honor ( ,g]man culture2 & = !m1 :atev] may be _! numb]1 ! o!r nations ( ! _w are et]nally indebt$ to ,g]many4 ,b ^! ,g]man contributions are nei!r important en\gh nor num]\s en\gh to ju/ify ! assumption t ,g]man culture is sup]ior or t ,g]many is entitl$ to ?9k h]self ! supreme lead] ( ! arts & ( ! sci5ces4 ,no "o nation c claim ?is l(ty position1 al?\gh few w\ld be s bold z to d5y ! sup]ior a*ievem5t ( ! ,fr5* 9 ! f9e arts & ( ! ,engli% 9 pure sci5ce4 ,nations are nev] accept$ by o!r nations at _! own valuation2 & ! ,g]mans ne$ n be surpris$ t we are n[ a/oni%$ to f9d !m ass]t+ _! natural self-appreciation1 ) ! app>5t expectation t x w pass un*all5g$4 ,! _w owes a debt to mod]n ,g]many beyond all "q1 b ?is is f> less ?an ! debt ow$ to ,engl& & to ,france4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ if "s ,g]man1 speak+ ) au?ority1 %\ld n[ be mov$ to expla9 to u ,am]icans ! reasons :i* und]lie ! insi/5t ass]tion ( ! sup]iority ( ,g]man civilization4 ,)9 ! pa/ few weeks we h be5 =c$ to gaze at c]ta9 ( ! less pleasant aspects ( ! ,g]man "*2 & we h be5 made to see t ! milit>ism ( ! ,g]mans is 9 absolute contradiction to ! prea*+ & to ! practice ( ! great ,goe!1 to :om !y pr\dly po9t z ! ultimate repres5tative ( ,g]man culture4 ,,br&] ,,mat!ws4 ,columbia ,univ]sity 9 ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 ,sept4 #ah1 #aiad4 ,culture vs4 ,kultur ,by ,frank ,jewett ,ma!r1 ,jr4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,curr5t discussion ( ! wor? ( ,g]man culture has be5 almo/ hopelessly cl\d$ by ! fact t :5 a ,g]man speaks ( ,kultur he means an entirely diff]5t ?+ f :at a ,lat9 or ,briton means by culture4 ,kultur means ! organiz$ effici5cy ( a nation 9 ! broade/ s5se--its successful a*ievem5t 9 civil & milit>y adm9i/ration1 indu/ry1 comm]ce1 f9ance1 & 9 a q second>y way 9 s*ol>%ip1 lett]s1 & art4 ,kultur applies to a nation z a :ole1 imply+ an enlight5$ ,gov]nm5t to :i* ! individual is /rictly subord9at$4 ,?us ,kultur is an attribute n ( individuals--^: p>ticul> int]e/s1 on ! contr>y1 mu/ (t5 be sacrific$ to x--b ( nations4 ,culture1 = :i* ne>e/ ,g]man equival5t is ,bildung1 is ! opposite ( all ?is4 ,x is an attribute n ( nations z a :ole b ( accompli%$ individuals4 ,x acquires national import only ?r\gh ! approval & admiration ( ^! individuals by ! re/1 :o %>e b slightly 9 ! culture !y applaud4 ,! aim ( culture is ! enlight5$ & humane individual1 conv]sant ) ! be/ values ( ! pa/ & s5sitive to ! be/ values ( ! pres5t4 ,! op5-m9d$ness & imag9ation impli$ 9 culture are pot5tially de/ructive to a highly organiz$ national ,kultur4 ,a cultur$ lead] is g5]ally too mu* alive to ! po9t ( view ( 8 rival to be a :olly conv9c$ p>tisan4 ,h5ce he lacks ! int5sity1 drive1 & n>r[ness t make = competitive success4 ,he keeps 8 place 9 ! sun n by ma/]fully ov]rid+ o!rs1 b by a s]ies ( delicate compromises :i* reconcile ! app>5tly conflict+ claims4 ,moreov]1 he has too great a respect = ! diff]5ces betwe5 m5's gifts to =mulate any rigid plan :i*1 requires = its execution a /rictly regim5t$ humanity4 ,he w sacrifice a little effici5cy t life may be m v>i\s1 ri*1 & delightful4 ,h5ce nations ) cultur$ lead]s h g5]ally be5 beat5 by ^? ^: lead]s _h m]ely ,kultur4 ,! ,sp>tans & ,mac$onians _h abundant ,kultur2 !y g5]ally beat ! ,a!nians1 :o _h m]ely v high culture4 ,! ,romans _h ,kultur1 & ! ,hell5i/ic _w wore _! yoke4 ,g]many unque/ionably has admirable ,kultur1 & none ( ! m]e cultur$ nations :o are leagu$ aga9/ h] c\ld hope to beat h] s+ly4 ,%e ,does ,n ,desire ,culture4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,g]many has s+ul>ly little culture1 has less ?an %e _h a hundr$ ye>s ago1 does n app>5tly desire x4 ,%e has will+ly sacrific$ ! culture ( a few lead+ individuals to ! ,kultur ( ! empire z a :ole4 ,?us x is n surpris+ t ,g]many1 z measur$ by ! production ( cultur$ individuals1 takes a v l[ place today4 ,n only ,france & ,engl&1 ,italy & ,spa91 b also ,russia & ,am]ica1 may fairly claim a high] degree ( culture4 ,"h ! feti* ( ,g]man s*ol>%ip %\ld n deceive u4 ,culture--a balanc$ & humaniz$ /ate ( m9d--is only remotely connect$ ) s*ol>%ip or ev5 ) education4 ,a ,spani% peasant or an ,italian wait] may h f9] culture ?an a ,g]man univ]sity pr(essor4 ,& 9 ! field ( s*ol>%ip1 ,g]many is 9 ! ma9 *iefly labori\s1 accurate1 & small-m9d$4 ,h] s*ol>%ip is relat$ n to culture1 b is a m9or expression ( ,kultur4 ,su* s*ol>ly m5 ( lett]s z ,d>w91 ,huxley1 ,r5an1 ,ta9e1 ,boissi]1 ,ga/on ,p>is1 ,m55dez y ,pelayo1 ,francis ,j4 ,*ild1 ,g]many us$ to produce 9 ! days ( ! ,grimms & ,s*legels4 ,%e r>ely does s n[4 ,h] culture has be5 swall[$ up 9 h] ,kultur4 ,! claim ( ,g]many to realize h] ,kultur at ! exp5se ( h] neighbors is at fir/ sight plausible4 ,h] ,kultur is unque/ionably high] ?an !irs4 ,%e has a %>ply realiz$ idea ( ! ,/ate1 & %e has ju/ifi$ x l>gely 9 practice4 ,9 a c]ta9 pati5ce1 ?or\ghness1 & p]fection ( political organization h] pre-em95ce is unque/ionable4 ,! tone ( h] apologi/s %[s amazem5t & indignation ov] ! fact t ! _w1 s f> f welcom+ ! ext5sion ( ,g]man ,kultur1 is actively ho/ile to t ambition4 ,yet1 ev5 if x be conc$$ t ,g]many's ,kultur is :olly good = h]self--surely a debatable proposition--x does n foll[ t x is or w\ld be a univ]sal b5efit4 ,nations may delib]ately & legitimately pref] _! culture1 ) its admitt$ disadvantages1 to ! ,kultur :i* pleases ,g]many4 ,engl& is (t5 mock$ = ! way 9 :i* %e muddles ?r\gh successive p]ils1 yet %e may feel t ! /]eotyp+ ( h] p 9 a rigid adm9i/rative frame might be too high a price to pay = con/ant prep>$ness4 ,z = u ,am]icans1 we h made a virtue1 p]haps ov]done x1 ( avoid+ a me*anical ,kultur4 ,we pref] ! greate/ fre$om = ! individual to ! p]fectly regim5t$ /ate4 ,we w move t[>d culture & *e]fully assume ! necess>y risks ( ! process4 ,unlovely & ,impressive4 ,9 a broad] view1 ! w> may be reg>d$ z a conte/ betwe5 ! metallic1 half-me*anical ,kultur ( ,prussianiz$ ,g]many & ! m flexible civilizations ( ,/ates t h inh]it$ culture or aspire to x4 ,g]many h]self has reject$ ! humane & some:at haz>d\s ideal ( culture1 s %e _c wond] or compla9 :5 %e sees t ! culture ( ! _w is almo/ unanim\sly ho/ile to h]4 ,!re is no qu>rel ) ,g]man ,kultur itself2 m]ely a feel+ t x has its drawbacks1 t x is1 on ! :ole1 z unlovely z x is impressive1 t !re is q en\gh ( x 9 ! _w already1 & t its broad ext5sion w\ld be disa/r\s4 ,mean:ile ! nations ( culture h mu* to le>n f ,g]many's ,kultur4 ,flexibility may mean weakness4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = example1 c\ld well h a /&+ army & an army res]ve comm5surate ) its hi/ory & prospects )\t incurr+ any dang] ( milit>ism4 ,!re is1 f9ally1 "s disadvantage 9 be+ m]ely a culture nation1 = su* a nation c add a l>ge measure ( ,kultur )\t bely+ itself4 ,on ! contr>y1 s highly develop$ a ,kultur nation z ! ,g]man ,empire puts itself 9 a position :]e x is almo/ impossible to acquire any consid]able degree ( culture4 ,culture is ! enemy ( su* a /ate--x mu/ rema9 9 ! ,sp>tan or ,mac$onian /age4 ,rome began to decl9e z soon z ,hell5i/ic culture got ! asc5d5cy ov] ! old ,lat9 ,kultur4 ,kultur1 9 %ort1 galvanizes2 culture lib]ates4 ,a survey ( mod]n ,g]many h>dly w>rants a desire = h] _w dom9ion4 ,if any read] is /ill uncle> ab\t ! di/9ction betwe5 culture & ,kultur1 let him exam9e 8 mo/-gift$ fri5ds z to _! sympa?ies 9 ! pres5t w>1 *oos+1 ( c\rse1 p]sons :o h no racial reasons = tak+ sides4 ,almo/ )\t exception he w f9d !y fall into two %>ply def9$ classes4 ,! m5tal *>act]i/ics ( 8 pro-,g]man fri5ds w pretty c]ta9ly illu/rate ,kultur q concretely1 :ile he may read ! mean+ ( culture 9 8 m-gift$ fri5ds :o favor ! ,allies4 ,,frank ,,jewett ,,ma!r1 ,jr4 ,pr9ceton1 ,nov4 #f1 #aiad4 ,! ,trespass 9 ,belgium ,by ,john ,gri] ,hibb54 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,"s "t ago ,i receiv$ ) _m o!rs an appeal ,to ! ,civiliz$ ,_w6 f c]ta9 di/+ui%$ repres5tatives ( ,g]man sci5ce & art4 ,i at once wrote to ,pr(4 ,euck51 :om ,i "k1 & :o is "o ( ! sign]s ( ?is docum5t4 ,i wi%$ to draw 8 att5tion p>ticul>ly to ! second /atem5t ( ?is appeal1 :i* is z foll[s3 ,x is n true t we trespass$ 9 neutral ,belgium4 ,x has be5 prov$ t ,france & ,engl& _h resolv$ on su* a trespass1 & x has likewise be5 prov$ t ,belgium _h agre$ to _! do+ s1 & ,i /at$ to him t ,x is naturally to be expect$ ( a gr\p ( s*ol>s t :]e ref]5ce is made to pro(1 "s citation %\ld be giv5 bo? ( ! s\rces ( ! pro( & ( its nature4 ,i am sure y w agree ) me t x is ( ! v ess5ce ( s*ol>ly me?od 9 ! treatm5t ( any subject :atsoev] t "o %\ld cite 8 au?ority z reg>ds e important & significant /atem5t t is made4 ,no "o ( ! di/+ui%$ gr\p ( s*ol>s sign+ _! names to ?is lett] w\ld ?9k ( writ+ an article 9 8 own specialty & n add 9 ! text or 9 a footnote ! complete li/ ( au?orities = 8 sev]al ass]tions4 ,9 y\r appeal1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ important /atem5t by f> :i* y make1 & ! "o be>+ mo/ intimately ^u ! honor & integrity ( y\r nation1 is left )\t ev5 ! attempt to support x1 save ! b>e ass]tion by y & y\r colleagues4 ,9 ! int]e/s ( a fair und]/&+ ( ,g]many's position1 ,i feel t x is incumb5t ^u y to give u :o are "u su* a deep debt ( gratitude to ,g]man s*ol>%ip 9 our own lives ! opportunity ( a full k ( all ! facts :i* def9itely be> ^u ?is pres5t situation4 ,at ! "t ( writ+ ,pr(4 ,euck51 ,i also wrote to a fri5d ( m9e1 ,dr4 ,a4,e4 ,%ipley1 ! ,ma/] ( ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 ,engl&1 ask+ him if he c\ld get = me "s au?oritative /atem5t f ! ,briti% ,=eign ,(fice conc]n+ ! ass]tion t x has be5 prov$ t ,france & ,engl& _h resolv$ on su* a trespass1 & x has likewise be5 prov$ t ,belgium _h agre$ to _! do+ s4 ,i h j receiv$ a lett] f ,mr4 ,%ipley1 /at+ t ,"l ,haldane _h prep>$ a /atem5t 9 answ] to ?is "q4 ,?9k+ t y\r read]s w\ld be int]e/$ 9 see+ ?is1 ,i am s5d+ x to y4 ,fai?fully y\rs1 ,,john ,,gri] ,,hibb54 ,pr9ceton1 ,n4,j41 ,nov4 #bd1 #aiad4 99 99 99 99 99 7,inclosure f ,"l ,haldane to ! ,ma/] ( ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge47 #aj ,d[n+ ,/41 ,:itehall1 ,s4,w41 ,nov4 #ad4 ,de> ,ma/] ( ,*ri/'s3 ,! inclos$ memor&a h be5 specially prep>$ = me by ! ,=eign ,(fice 9 answ] to y\r "q4 ,y\rs truly1 ,,haldane4 99 99 99 99 99 7,,memor&um47 ,x is q untrue t ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t _h ev] arrang$ ) ,belgium to trespass on h] c\ntry 9 case ( w>1 or t ,belgium _h agre$ to ?is4 ,! /rategic dispositions ( ,g]many1 especially z reg>ds railways1 h = "s ye>s giv5 rise to ! appreh5sion t ,g]many w\ld attack ,france ?r\gh ,belgium4 ,:atev] milit>y discussions h tak5 place be=e ?is w> h be5 limit$ entirely to ! sugge/ion ( :at c\ld be done to def5d ,france if ,g]many attack$ h] ?r\gh ,belgium4 ,! ,g]mans h /at$ t we contemplat$ s5d+ troops to ,belgium4 ,we _h nev] committ$ ourselves at all to ! s5d+ ( troops to ! ,cont95t1 & we _h nev] contemplat$ ! possibility ( s5d+ troops to ,belgium to attack ,g]many4 ,! ,g]mans h /at$ t ,briti% milit>y /ores _h be5 plac$ at ,maubeuge1 a ,fr5* =tress ne> ! ,belgian fronti]1 be=e ! outbreak ( ! w>1 & t ?is is evid5ce ( an int5tion to attack ,g]many ?r\gh ,belgium4 ,no ,briti% soldi]s & no ,briti% /ores 7 l&$ on ! ,cont95t till aft] ,g]many _h invad$ ,belgium & ,belgium _h appeal$ to ,france & ,engl& = assi/ance4 ,x 0 only aft] ?is appeal t ,briti% troops 7 s5t to ,france2 &1 if ! ,g]mans f\nd ,briti% munitions ( w> 9 ,maubeuge1 ^! munitions 7 s5t ) our exp$ition to ,france aft] ! outbreak ( ! w>4 ,! idea ( violat+ ! neutrality ( ,belgium 0 nev] discuss$ or contemplat$ by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t4 ,! extract inclos$1 :i* is tak5 f an (ficial publication ( ! ,belgian ,gov]nm5t1 & ! extract f an (ficial /atem5t by ! ,belgian ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 prove t ! ,belgian ,gov]nm5t _h nev] conniv$1 or be5 will+ to connive1 at ! brea* ( ! treaty t made ! ma9t5ance ( ,belgian neutrality an int]national obligation4 ,! mom5t t !re appe>$ to be dang] t ?is treaty might be violat$ ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t made an appeal = an assurance f bo? ,france & ,g]many1 z _h be5 done 9 #ahgj by ,mr4 ,glad/one1 t nei!r ( ^? c\ntries w\ld violate ! neutrality ( ,belgium if ! o!r c\ntry respect$ x4 ,! ,fr5* agre$1 ! ,g]mans decl9$ to agree4 ,! appeal made by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t is to be f\nd 9 our fir/ ,:ite ,pap] aft] ! outbreak ( ! w>4 ,! reason :y ,g]many w\ld n agree 0 /at$ v frankly by ,h]r von ,jag[1 ! ,g]man ,m9i/] = ,=eign ,affairs1 to ,sir ,edw>d ,gos*51 our ,ambassador 9 ,b]l92 & x is record$ 9 ! second ,:ite ,pap] t we publi%$4 ,! attitude ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t ?r\gh\t has be5 to endeavor to pres]ve ! neutrality ( ,belgium1 & we nev] ?\ght ( s5d+ troops to ,belgium until ,g]many _h invad$ x & ,belgium _h appeal$ = assi/ance to ma9ta9 ! int]national treaty4 ,we h kn[n = "s ye>s pa/ t 9 ,holl&1 9 ,d5m>k1 & 9 ,norway ! ,g]mans h inspir$ ! appreh5sion t1 if ,engl& 0 at w> ) ,g]many1 ,engl& w\ld violate ! neutrality ( ^? c\ntries & seize "s ( _! h>bors4 ,?is allegation is z baseless z ! allegation ab\t our int5tion to violate ! neutrality ( ,belgium1 & ev5ts h %[n x to be s4 ,b x seems to be a rule ) ,g]many to attribute to o!rs ! designs t %e h]self ent]ta9s2 z x is cle> n[ t1 = "s long "t pa/1 x has be5 a settl$ "p ( h] /rategic plans to attack ,france ?r\gh ,belgium4 ,a /atem5t is inclos$1 :i* 0 issu$ by u on ,oct4 #ad la/1 deal+ ) ?is po9t4 ,?is memor&um & its inclosures %\ld provide ample mat]ial = a reply to ! ,g]man /atem5ts4 ,=eign ,(fice1 ,nov4 #i1 #aiad4 99 99 99 99 99 ,belgian ,(ficial ,d5ials4 ,"h is inclos$ a copy ( ! note ( ,aug4 #c s5t by ,m4 ,davignon1 ,belgian ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs1 to ,h]r von ,bel[ ,saleske1 ! ,g]man ,m9i/] at ,brussels1 includ$ 9 ! ,belgian ,gray ,pap]1 & pr9t$ 9 full 9 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times ( ,oct4 #ah & repr9t$ 9 ,,! ,,times',s pamphlet ( ! w>'s diplomatic pap]s4 ,?is is ! note express+ ! pr(\nd & pa9ful surprise caus$ to ,k+ ,alb]t's ,gov]nm5t by ! ,g]man invitation to x to ab&on ,belgian neutrality & d5y+ t ,france _h1 z alleg$ by ,g]many1 manife/$ any su* int5tion4 ,a second inclosure gives ?is clipp+ f ,! ,london ,times ( ,sept4 #cj3 ,,(ficial ,,/atem5t4 ,! ,g]man press has be5 attempt+ to p]suade ! public t if ,g]many h]self _h n violat$ ,belgian neutrality1 ,france or ,great ,brita9 w\ld h done s4 ,x has decl>$ t ,fr5* & ,briti% troops _h m>*$ into ,belgium be=e ! outbreak ( w>4 ,we h receiv$ f ! ,belgian ,m9i/] ( ,w> an (ficial /atem5t :i* d5ies absolutely ^! allegations4 ,x decl>es1 on ! "o h&1 t be=e ,aug4 #c n a s+le ,fr5* soldi] _h set foot on ,belgian t]ritory1 &1 aga91 x is untrue t on ,aug4 #d !re 0 a s+le ,engli% soldi] 9 ,belgium4 ,x adds3 ,= long pa/ ,great ,brita9 knew t ! ,belgian ,army w\ld oppose by =ce a 'prev5tive' disemb>kation ( ,briti% troops 9 ,belgium4 ,! ,belgian ,gov]nm5t did n hesitate at ! "t ( ! ,agadir crisis to w>n =eign ,ambassadors1 9 t]ms :i* c\ld n be misund]/ood1 ( its =mal int5tion to compel respect = ! neutrality ( ,belgium by e means at its disposal1 & aga9/ attempts ^u x f any & e qu>t]4 ,! ,agreem5t ( #aijc4 ,! ?ird inclosure is ?is ,briti% (ficial communiqu3 #ad ,octob]1 #aiad4 ,! /ory ( an alleg$ ,anglo-,belgian agreem5t ( #aijf publi%$ 9 ! ,g]man press1 & bas$ on docum5ts said to h be5 f\nd at ,brussels1 is only a fre% edition ( a /ory :i* has be5 reproduc$ 9 v>i\s =ms & d5i$ on sev]al occasions4 ,no su* agreem5t has ev] exi/$4 ,z ! ,g]mans well "k1 ,g54 ,gri]son is dead & ,col4 7n[ ,g547 ,b>n>di/on is comm&+ ! ,briti% =ces be=e ,ts+-tau4 ,9 #aijf ,g54 ,gri]son 0 on ! ,g5]al ,/aff at ! ,w> ,(fice1 & ,col4 ,b>n>di/on 0 ,milit>y ,atta* at ,brussels4 ,9 view ( ! solemn gu>antee giv5 by ,great ,brita9 to protect ! neutrality ( ,belgium aga9/ violation f any side1 "s academic discussions may1 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ,col4 ,b>n>di/on1 h tak5 place betwe5 ,g54 ,gri]son & ! ,belgian milit>y au?orities z to :at assi/ance ! ,briti% ,army might be able to af=d to ,belgium %\ld "o ( h] neighbors violate t neutrality4 ,"s notes ) ref]5ce to ! subject may exi/ 9 ! ar*ives at ,brussels4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! date m5tion$1 namely1 #aijf1 0 ! ye> foll[+ t 9 :i* ,g]many _h1 z 9 #aiaa1 adopt$ a ?reat5+ attitude t[>d ,france ) reg>d to ,morocco1 &1 9 view ( ! appreh5sions exi/+ ( an attack on ,france ?r\gh ,belgium1 x 0 natural t possible ev5tualities %\ld be discuss$4 ,! impossibility ( ,belgium hav+ be5 a p>ty to any agreem5t ( ! nature indicat$ or to any design = ! violation ( ,belgian neutrality is cle>ly %[n by ! reit]at$ decl>ations t %e has made = _m ye>s pa/ t %e w\ld resi/ to ! utmo/ any violation ( h] neutrality f :atev] qu>t] & 9 :atev] =m su* violation might come4 ,x is wor?y ( att5tion t ^! *>ges ( aggressive designs on ! "p ( o!r p[]s are made by ,g]many1 :o1 s9ce #aijf1 has e/abli%$ an elaborate network ( /rategical railways lead+ f ! ,rh9e to ! ,belgian fronti] ?r\gh a b>r51 ?9ly populat$ tract1 delib]ately con/ruct$ to p]mit ( ! sudd5 attack ^u ,belgium1 :i* 0 c>ri$ out two mon?s ago4 ,apportion+ ! ,blame ,by ,ar?ur v4 ,bries54 ,( ! law firm ( ,bries5 ,knau?2 ,doctor ( ,laws1 ,new ,york ,univ]sity2 philan?ropi/2 has s]v$ ! ,am]ican public z head ( important civic bodies & ,gov]nm5tal commissions4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,hav+ be5 reque/$ by y to express my views ) ref]5ce to ! w> :i* is n[ lac]at+ ,europe1 ,i take pleasure to comply ) y\r desire4 ,z an ,am]ican citiz5 ,i am1 ( c\rse1 "u obligations to be neutral & to s5d no ammunition to ei!r bellig]5t4 ,at ! same "t ! ,g]man blood 9 my ve9s naturally causes me to sympa?ize ) ,g]many 9 ?is conflict4 ,b ev5 if we leave out ( consid]ation any matt] ( sympa?y1 if we look ^u ! situation 9 an entirely unbias$ _s1 ! conclusion :i* ,i propose to lay be=e y appe>s to be irresi/ible4 ,! que/ions t seem to h agitat$ ! ,am]ican public mo/ly 9 connection ) ?is awful conflict h be53 ,fir/--,:o is to blame = br++ ab\t ?is w>1 &1 ,second--,assum+ t ,g]many 0 n to blame = beg9n+ ! w>1 is %e to blame = violat+ ! neutrality ( ,belgium8 ,if we %\ld f9d ! fault reg>d+ ! fir/ "q to lie prim>ily ) ,engl& & second>ily ) ,russia1 we %\ld at once cle> ! ,g]man p & _! ,gov]nm5t f ! *>ge t has h]et(ore be5 br\ght aga9/ !m = hav+ incit$ ! w>4 ,& if we %\ld f9d t ! neutrality ( ,belgium 0 n b9d+ ^u any c\ntry ^: exi/5ce or ^: int]e/s 7 ?reat5$ by o!r c\ntries1 t fact w\ld !n absolve ei!r c\ntry f a *>ge :i* ?us f> seems to h be5 br\ght aga9/ "o ( !m4 ,h[ 0 ! w> br\ght ab\t8 ,z f> back z #aijf x is kn[n1 & c be prov$ by ! files ( ,new ,york pap]s1 to say no?+ ( (ficial correspond5ce n[ f\nd 9 ,brussels & else:]e1 t measures 7 />t$ by ,engl& to circumscribe or isolate ! ,g]man ,empire1 & treaties 7 ent]$ betwe5 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,russia 7! ,triple ,ent5te7 to insure jo9t action aga9/ ,g]many :5 necess>y4 ,g]many h]self has be5 peaceful1 progressive1 & anxi\s to reta9 h] position z a nation undi/urb$ by o!rs1 z a nation t %\ld advance 9 art1 9 sci5ce1 9 population1 & 9 all ?+s t make happ9ess ?r\gh peace4 ,:at 0 ! situation 9 o!r c\ntries8 ,s9ce #ahgj ,france _h cri$ = rev5ge 7revan*e74 ,its s*ool books1 newspap]s1 public speak]s1 & political lead]s 7 all *>g$ ) ! "o great idea ( seek+ rev5ge aga9/ ,g]many = hav+ retak5 ,alsace & ,lorra9e 9 #ahgj1 :i* ,france _h wrongfully occupi$ s9ce ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,alsace & ,lorra9e _h be5 ,g]man = c5turies be=e2 !y 7 wre/$ f ,g]many )\t ev5 a semblance ( an excuse at ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & 7 l>gely ,g]man 9 language & 9 _s 9 #ahgj4 ,goe!'s /udies 9 ,/rassburg & 8 visits to ,fr$]ica von ,ses5heim 9 ! eighte5? c5tury %[ t he 0 liv+ 9 a ,g]man c\ntry :5ev] he 0 9 ,alsace4 ,a unit$ ,g]many did n exi/ prior to #ahgj4 ,h[ev]1 ! cry = rev5ge 0 !re1 & ,france di/9ctly decl>$ x to be h] policy to take h] rev5ge z soon z opportunity (f]$4 ,france 01 !re=e1 a pron\nc$ enemy ( ,g]many ev] s9ce #ahgj1 & :5 ask$ by ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t on ,july #ca1 #aiad1 :e!r %e w\ld rema9 neutral 9 a ,russian-,g]man w> 7,annex #be1 ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]7 %e answ]$3 ,france w\ld d t :i* might be requir$ ( h] by h] int]e/s4 ,?is answ] 0 giv5 on ,aug4 #a1 #aiad1 7,annex #bg1 ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]47 ,today we may well ask ,france :e!r1 s9ce ,aug4 #a1 #aiad1 %e has done t :i* 0 requir$ by h] int]e/s4 ,russia may next be look$ at4 ,h[ did ,russia become involv$ 9 ?is conte/8 ,! little k+dom ( ,s]via1 :i* _h famili>iz$ itself ) ! f9e art ( dispos+ ( cr[n$ heads by ?r[+ its ,k+ & ,que51 ,alex&ra & ,draga1 out ( ! w9d[ ( _! ca/le1 caus$ ?r\gh its (ficials & its foll[]s to h ! heir to ! ,au/rian ?rone & 8 wife cruelly assass9at$ on ,june #bh1 #aiad4 ,?is assass9ation 0 an act ( enmity t[>d ,au/ria & a /ep t[>d ! enl>gem5t ( ,s]via4 ,deem+ h] exi/5ce ?reat5$ & h] national dignity (f5d$1 ,au/ria s5t a r %>p dem& "u date ( ,july #bc1 #aiad1 to ,s]via1 requir+ prompt & ?or\gh satisfaction = ! gross attack made ^u h] & h] reign+ family ?r\gh ,s]via's (ficial directions4 ,/range to say1 h[ev]1 ! ,briti% ,:ite ,book %[s t ?ree days be=e1 on ,july #bj1 #aiad1 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey1 7,pap] #a1 ,briti% ,:ite ,book17 wrote to ,sir ,e4 ,gos*51 ,briti% ,ambassador at ,b]l91 a lett] 9 :i* he /ates3 ,9 fact1 ! m ,au/ria c\ld keep h] dem& )9 reasonable limits1 & ! /rong] ! ju/ification %e c\ld produce = mak+ any dem&1 ! m *ance !re w\ld be ( smoo?+ ?+s ov]4 ,i hat$ ! idea ( a w> betwe5 any ( ! great p[]s1 & t any ( !m %\ld be dragg$ into a w> by ,s]via w\ld be dete/able4 ,on ,july #bd1 #aiad1 ! ,au/rian message to ,s]via became kn[n to all c\ntries1 & on ! same day ,sir ,george ,bu*anan1 ,briti% ,ambassador at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 wrote t he _h be5 ask$ by ,mr4 ,sazon(1 ,russian ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs1 to meet him at ! ,fr5* ,embassy to discuss matt]s1 z ,au/ria's /ep cle>ly meant t w> 0 imm95t4 ,he wrote t ,mr4 ,sazon( express$ himself z foll[s 7,briti% ,pap] #f73 ,he hop$ t 8 ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t w\ld n fail to proclaim _! solid>ity ) ,russia & ,france4 ,! ,fr5* ,ambassador gave me to und]/& t ,france w\ld fulfill all ! obligations entail$ by h] alliance ) ,russia1 if necessity arose1 besides support+ ,russia /rongly 9 any diplomatic negotiations4 ,lat]1 on ,july #bi1 #aiad1 ,sir ,george ,bu*anan wrote to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey 7,pap] #gb1 ,engli% ,:ite ,book7 z foll[s3 ,i made x cle> to 8 ,excell5cy t1 ,russia be+ ?or\ghly 9 e>ne/1 a g5]al w> c\ld n be av]t$ if ,s]via 7 attack$ by ,au/ria4 ,sir ,george ,bu*anan w\ld n h said t if he _h n be5 au?oriz$ to d s4 ,he w\ld n h said a g5]al w> c\ld n be av]t$ if ,s]via 7 attack$ by ,au/ria2 & by g5]al w> he meant1 & we all und]/& he meant1 a w> betwe5 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,russia on "o side & ,g]many & ,au/ria on ! o!r4 ,s]via's reply to ! dem& ( ,au/ria1 :i* 0 dat$ ,july #be1 #aiad1 n be+ deem$ satisfactory1 ,au/ria proce$$ to a punitive exp$ition aga9/ ,s]via1 & %e repeat$ly ass]t$ & assur$ all ! o!r p[]s t ! exp$ition 0 m]ely punitive & t nei!r ! indep5d5ce nor ! t]ritorial integrity ( ,s]via 7 at all involv$ or 9 any dang]4 ,b all ?is _h no effect ^u ,russia4 ,9 fact1 :5 ,russia 0 fir/ in=m$ ( ! ,au/rian dem& 7,annex #d1 ,g]man ,:ite ,book7 ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs ,sazon( made wild compla9ts on ,july #bd1 #aiad1 aga9/ ,au/ria-,hung>y4 ,:at he said mo/ def9itely 0 ?is3 ,t ,russia c\ld n possibly p]mit ! ,s]vian-,au/rian dispute to be conf9$ to ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,?is 0 ! keynote ( ! ,russian situation & ( ! ,russian int5tion4 ,russia want$1 ( c\rse1 to exp& its realm z f> we/w>d z possible1 & x want$ to take advantage ( ! opportunity (f]$ by ! necess>y consequ5ces ( ! dreadful insult & cruelty practic$ by ,s]via on ,au/ria1 n only to prev5t ! puni%m5t ( ,s]via1 b also to proce$ aga9/ ,g]many1 =1 z ,pap] #d says3 ,russia c\ld n possibly p]mit ! ,s]vian-,au/rian dispute to be conf9$ to ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,:o1 !n1 0 to blame = n all[+ ! w> to be conf9$1 = n p]mitt+ ,au/ria to puni% ! murd]]s ( h] ,k+1 b utiliz+ ?is opportunity = ! purpose ( br++ ab\t ! great w> :i* ,russia & ,france _h c>efully prep>$ long ago8 ,! great w> :i* %\ld involve all ! civiliz$ nations 9 a conflict1 & ?reat5 to ext+ui% ,au/ria & to c>ry b>b>ism into ! he>t ( ,europe6 ,%e did n p]mit ! ,s]vian-,au/rian dispute to be conf9$ to ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,aga91 9 ,pap] #ef1 7,engli% ,:ite ,book17 we f9d ! ,engli% ,ambassador to ,au/ria writ+ to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey on ,july #bg1 #aiad1 ! foll[+3 ,if actual w> broke out ) ,s]via x w\ld be impossible to localize x1 = ,russia 0 n prep>$ to give way aga94 ,aga91 9 ,pap] #gb1 7,engli% ,:ite ,book17 dat$ ,july #bh1 #aiad1 f ! ,engli% ,ambassador 9 ,russia to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey3 ,i made x cle> to 8 ,excell5cy 7,g]man ,ambassador7 t1 ,russia be+ ?or\ghly 9 e>ne/1 a g5]al w> c\ld n be av]t$ if ,s]via 7 attack$ by ,au/ria4 ,pap] #aba1 7,engli% ,:ite ,book17 ,briti% ,ambassador 9 ,b]l9 to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey "u date ( ,july #ca1 #aiad3 ,he 7! ,g]man ,secret>y ( ,/ate7 aga9 assur$ me t bo? ! ,emp]or ,william1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,emp]or ( ,russia1 & ! ,g]man ,=eign ,(fice _h ev5 up till la/ night be5 urg+ ,au/ria to %[ will+ness to cont9ue discussions--& telegraphic & telephonic communications f ,vi5na _h be5 ( a promis+ nature--b ,russia's mobilization _h spoil$ ev]y?+4 ,i c\ld repeat1 ad inf9itum1 quotations f ^! books to %[ t ,russia n only want$ ?is w> if ,au/ria want$ to puni% ,s]via = h] misde$s1 b />t$ x aga9/ ! prote/ ( ,g]many1 & />t$ x1 ,i s9c]ely believe1 l>gely because enc\rag$ by ,great ,brita94 ,engl&3 ,! lett] writt5 by ! ,belgian ,*>g at ,/4 ,pet]sburg to 8 ,gov]nm5t on ,july #cj1 #aiad1 :i* lett] 0 publi%$ 9 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times on ,oct4 #g1 #aiad1 & :i* lett]1 ne>ly a mon? be=e1 _h be5 publi%$ abroad & nev] disav[$ by ! ,belgian ,gov]nm5t1 /ates di/9ctly on ! "p ( ,belgium3 ,:at is inconte/able is t ,g]many has /riv5 "h1 z well z at ,vi5na1 to f9d "s means ( avoid+ a g5]al conflict4444 ,m4 ,sazon(1 ,russian ,=eign ,m9i/]1 has decl>$ t x w\ld be impossible = ,russia n to hold h]self ready & to mobilize1 b t ^! prep>ations 7 n direct$ aga9/ ,g]many4 ,?is morn+ an (ficial communiqu to ! newspap]s ann\nces t ! res]ves h be5 call$ "u arms 9 a c]ta9 numb] ( ,gov]nm5ts4 ,kn[+ ! discreet nature ( ! (ficial communiqu "o c )\t fe> ass]t t mobilization is go+ on ev]y:]e4 444 ,"o c truly ask "o's self :e!r ! :ole _w does n desire w> & is try+ m]ely to ret>d its decl>ation a little 9 ord] to ga9 "t4 ,engl& began by all[+ x to be und]/ood t %e did n want to be drawn into a conflict4 ,sir ,george ,bu*anan 7,briti% ,ambassador7 said t op5ly4 ,today "o is firmly conv9c$ at ,/4 ,pet]sburg--"o has ev5 ! assurance ( x--t ,engl& w support ,france4 ,?is support is ( enorm\s weight1 & has contribut$ n a little to give ! upp] h& to ! w> p>ty4 ,! ,g]man ,emp]or dur+ ^! times believ$ ,engl& to be really & hone/ly /riv+ to avoid ! w>2 he w5t s f> z to ann\nce 9 "o ( 8 lett]s publi%$ 9 ! ,:ite ,book t he _h %\ld] to %\ld] ) ,engl& tri$ to br+ ab\t a peaceful solution4 ,x c]ta9ly n[ appe>s t all ?is :ile ,engl& _h made h] arrangem5ts ) ,france & ) ,russia1 & _h /r5g!n$ ! w> p>ty 9 ,russia to su* an ext5t t ,russia's desire to set ,europe afire 0 r5d]$ possible4 ,belgian neutrality4 ,x is *>g$ t ,g]many violat$ an alleg$ treaty ) ,belgium1 :i* treaty is suppos$ to h gu>ante$ ! integrity ( ,belgium4 ,:5 ,g]many f\nd h] ef=ts to ma9ta9 peace fru/rat$1 ,russian troops hav+ cross$ ! ,g]man fronti] on ! aft]noon ( ,aug4 #a1 :ile ,france op5$ ho/ilities on ,aug4 #b1 %e ann\nc$ to ,belgium on ,aug4 #b1 #aiad1 t %e f\nd h]self "u obligation1 to prev5t a ,fr5* attack ?r\gh ,belgium1 to pass ?r\gh ,belgian t]ritory2 %e express$ h] read9ess to gu>antee ! integrity ( ! k+dom & its possessions & to pay any damage caus$ if ,belgium w\ld1 9 a fri5dly way1 p]mit su* a passage ( troops ?r\gh x4 ,! ,engli% ,:ite ,book conta9s1 ,pap] #aea1 dat$ ,aug4 #c1 #aiad1 :i* pap] we repeat 9 full3 7,briti% ,m9i/] to ,belgium to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey47 ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t h (f]$ ?r\gh _! ,milit>y ,atta* ! support ( five ,fr5* ,army corps to ! ,belgian ,gov]nm5t4 ,foll[+ reply has be5 receiv$ today3 ,we are s9c]ely grateful to ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t = (f]+ ev5tual support4 ,9 ! actual circum/ances1 h[ev]1 we d n propose to appeal to ! gu>antee ( ! p[]s4 ,belgian ,gov]nm5t w decide lat] on ! action :i* !y may ?9k x necess>y to take4 ,9 %ort1 ,belgium says 9 ! =ego+ notice to ,france1 t %e does n propose to appeal to ! gu>antee ( ! p[]s4 ,0 ,g]many ju/ifi$ 9 disreg>d+ any previ\s treaty :i* relat$ to ,belgium if h] int]e/s requir$ h] s to d8 ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt3 ,9 its unanim\s op9ion 9 ! ,*9ese exclusion cases1 report$ on ,pages #eha to #faa ( ,vol4 #acj ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,reports1 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h ?is v "q be=e x4 ,a treaty _h be5 ent]$ into by ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,*9a1 all[+ ,*9ese subjects ! "r to visit & reside 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & to !re enjoy ! same privileges t are enjoy$ by citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,aft] t treaty an act ( ,congress 0 pass$ 9 violation ( ! treaty1 provid+ x to be unlawful !reaft] = ,*9ese labor]s to ent] ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! "q 01 :e!r we _h ! "r to violate a treaty solemnly ent]$ into ) ano!r c\ntry8 ,on ?is subject ! c\rt said 7,page #fjj73 ,! effect ( legislation ^u conflict+ treaty /ipulations 0 elaborately consid]$ 9 ,,! ,,head ,,money ,,cases1 & x 0 !re adjudg$3 t s f> z a treaty made by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) any =eign nation c become ! subject ( judicial cognizance 9 ! c\rts ( ?is c\ntry1 x is subject to su* acts z ,congress may pass = its en=cem5t1 modification1 or repeal1 #aab ,u4,s4 #ehj1 #eii4 ,?is doctr9e 0 affirm$ & foll[$ 9 ,,:itney v4 ,,rob]tson1 #abd ,u4,s4 #aij1 #aie4 ,x w n be presum$ t ! legislative dep>tm5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t w lightly pass laws :i* are 9 conflict ) ! treaties ( ! c\ntry2 b t circum/ances may arise :i* w\ld n only ju/ify ! ,gov]nm5t 9 disreg>d+ _! /ipulations1 b dem& 9 ! int]e/s ( ! c\ntry t x %\ld d s1 !re c be no "q4 ,unexpect$ ev5ts may call = a *ange 9 ! policy ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ! same op9ion ! ,supreme ,c\rt calls att5tion to an act pass$ 9 #agih1 decl>+ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 fre$ & exon]at$ f ! /ipulations ( previ\s treaties ) ,france4 ,?is subject 0 fully consid]$ by ,ju/ice ,curtis1 :o held1 z ! ,supreme ,c\rt says 7,page #fjb73 ,t :il/ x w\ld always be a matt] ( ! utmo/ gravity & delicacy to refuse to execute a treaty1 ! p[] to d s 0 a pr]ogative ( :i* no nation c\ld be depriv$ )\t deeply affect+ its indep5d5ce4 ,we obs]ve1 !re=e1 t "u our own ideas ( int]national law ! ,unit$ ,/ates claims ! "r to disreg>d its /ipulations if ! int]e/s ( ! c\ntry %\ld require x4 ,& ! same "r we %\ld conc$e to o!r nations4 ,p>ticul>ly to ,g]many 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 :5 we f9d h] battl+ = h] v exi/5ce aga9/ enemies t seek to de/roy h]1 aga9/ enemies t surr\nd h] on all sides1 aga9/ enemies t d n hesitate to br+ troops into ! conflict f ! wilds ( ,africa & ,asia1 & :o d n hesitate to drag ,japan into ?is w>1 caus+ h] to disreg>d ,*9ese neutrality 9 h] ef=t to capture a small settlem5t1 lawfully occupi$ 9 ,*9a by a h&ful ( ,g]man soldi]s4 ,9 ?is connection ,i quote ! ,briti% s5tim5t1 z express$ by ,glad/one reg>d+ ,belgium neutrality 9 ! ye> #ahgj3 ,b ,i am n able to subscribe to ! doctr9e ( ^? :o h held 9 ?is ,h\se1 :at pla9ly am\nts to ! ass]tion t ! simple fact ( ! exi/5ce ( a gu>antee is b9d+ to e p>ty to x1 irrespective altoge!r ( ! p>ticul> position 9 :i* x may f9d itself at ! "t :5 ! occasion = act+ on ! "q arises4 ,?is %[s t ,engl& h]self res]v$ ! "r1 :5ev] h] int]e/s requir$ h] to d s1 to act 9 violation ( ! treaty ) ,belgium4 ,t1 at lea/1 is my und]/&+ ( ,glad/one's language4 ,engl& did n respect ,dani% neutrality a hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 %e de/roy$ ! ,dani% fleet at ,cop5hag5 because h] int]e/s requir$1 & ,engl& does n n[1 ?r\gh its ,asiatic ally1 & directly1 respect ,*9ese neutrality1 claim+ ! "r prim>ily to consult h] own int]e/s4 ,%\ld ?is "r1 ass]t$ by our own ,supreme ,c\rt1 & actually assum$ by ,engl& & ,japan1 be d5i$ to ,g]many8 ,f9ally1 ,i und]/& t ,! ,hague ,conf]5ce ( #aijg draft$ a conv5tion :i* reads3 ,! t]ritory ( neutral p[]s is inviolable4 ,bellig]5ts are =bidd5 to move troops or convoys ( ei!r munitions ( w> or supplies across ! t]ritory ( a neutral p[]4 ,great ,brita91 ,g]many1 ,au/ria-,hung>y1 & ,italy refus$ to sign x & did n sign x4 ,russia 0 n repres5t$4 ,,milit>ism4 ,!re is "o m subject :i* _m p 9 ?is c\ntry h fail$ to und]/&1 & t is ! matt] ( milit>ism4 ,g]man milit>ism is suppos$ to be some?+ dreadful1 & _m good p believe t x w\ld be a great advance t[>d et]nal peace if t milit>ism c\ld be wip$ out4 ,well1 n[1 let u see4 ,if ,g]many did n require e "o ( h] sons to sp5d a ye>1 or at mo/ two ye>s1 9 ! army1 & if %e _h n provid$ = all ^! m5 suffici5t arms & acc\trem5ts = imm$iate use 9 case ( w>1 :at w\ld h happ5$ :5 ,russia ent]$ h] t]ritory1 or :5 ,france came on a l err&8 ,any "o :o lives among enemies is expect$ to be suffici5tly prep>$ to def5d himself %\ld !y attack him1 be he ev] s peaceful4 ,at ! "t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 0 born !re 0 no su* ?+ z ,g]many4 ,e c\ntry ar\nd x _h a slice ( x4 ,napoleon took ! l>g] we/]n "p ( ,g]many z 8 prop]ty1 ,engl& held ,hanov]1 ! =m] ,k+dom ( ,pol& held ,saxony1 ,au/ria held ,silesia1 & s !re 0 no ,g]many4 ,! ,teutonic races _h no home 9 :i* !y c\ld develop & live )\t int]f]5ce by o!rs4 ,to prev5t su* int]f]5ce ,g]many ( all nations ne$$ an army2 to prev5t simil> int]f]5ce at sea ,engl& ( all nations ne$$ a navy4 ,t great ,briti% ,navy be>s precisely ! same relation to ! protection ( ,great ,brita9 at sea :i* ! ,g]man ,army be>s to ! protection ( ,g]many on l&4 ,to sum up1 :at are ! c\ntries fight+ =8 ,russia = h] enl>gem5t2 %e has no grudge :atev] aga9/ ,g]many except t x exi/s4 ,france = rev5ge2 %e has no grudge :atev] aga9/ ,g]many except t %e wants rev5ge = #ahgj4 ,:at grudge has ,engl& aga9/ ,g]many1 except t ,g]many has gr[n comm]cially1 f9ancially1 & indu/rially to a position :i* ?reat5s to cr[d ,engl& into a second rank8 ,jeal\sy appe>s to control ! ,engli% attitude4 ,! position app>5tly assum$ by ,engl& is be/ express$ by ! ,k+ ( ,engl& 9 8 telegram to ,pr9ce ,h5ry ( ,prussia1 dat$ ,july #cj1 #aiad3 ,my ,gov]nm5t is do+ its utmo/1 sugge/+ to ,russia & ,france to susp5d fur!r milit>y prep>ations if ,au/ria w cons5t to be satisfi$ ) occupation ( ,belgrade & neighbor+ ,s]vian t]ritory z a ho/age = satisfactory settlem5t ( h] dem&s1 o!r c\ntries mean:ile susp5d+ _! w> prep>ations4 ,tru/ ,william w use 8 great influ5ce to induce ,au/ria to accept ?is proposal1 ?us prov+ t ,g]many & ,engl& are work+ toge!r to prev5t :at w\ld be an int]national cata/rophe4 ,on ,july #ca1 ! v next day1 ,sir ,edw>d ,grey wrote ! telegram1 ,no4 #aaa1 7,engli% ,:ite ,book17 to ! ,briti% ,ambassador at ,b]l91 9 :i* we f9d ! foll[+3 ,i w\ld und]take to s\nd ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 :e!r x w\ld be possible = ! f\r dis9t]e/$ p[]s to (f] to ,au/ria t !y w\ld und]take to see t %e obta9$ full satisfaction ( h] dem&s on ,s]via1 provid$ t !y did n impair ,s]vian sov]eignty & ! integrity ( ,s]vian t]ritory4 ,z y\r ,excell5cy is aw>e1 ,au/ria has already decl>$ h] will+ness to respect !m4 7,e/abli%$ by ,pap] #c1 ,july #bd1 & ,pap] #e1 ,july #bf1 ,g]man ,:ite ,book47 ,h5ce1 we f9d t all ,k+ ,george said he want$ _h be5 grant$1 & yet ,engl& ent]$ into ! w>4 ,:y8 ,probably because %e ?\ght1 z ,france _h express$ x1 t %e act$ 9 pursuance ( h] int]e/s4 ,& :at is ,g]many fight+ =8 ,does %e want any?+ f anybody8 ,%e wants to be left alone2 %e always want$ to be left alone2 %e prosp]$ :ile %e 0 left alone2 %e grew :ile %e 0 left alone4 ,n be+ left alone %e has to def5d h]self4 ,h5ce1 ,i bespeak = ,g]many & = h] side fair play1 j judgm5t on behalf ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,,ar?ur v4 ,,bries54 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #ag1 #aiad4 ,,p>t+4 ,by ,,l\ise ,,von ,,wett]4 ,sodg] lad1 ,o sodg] lad1 ,! dawn w see ye m>*9'-- ,! ni*t drag's on--its d>k is out ,wi' se>*li*ts1 %ift9'1 ar*9'4 ,sodg] lad1 ,o sodg] lad1 ,d'ye m9d our ,summ] meet9'8 ,& noo1 ye'll gang4 ,! hea!r's dead 444 ,i canna keep frae greet9'4 ,sodg] lad1 my sodg] lad-- ,d'ye m9d1 my "t is ne>9'8 ,alone--alone--wi'out y] h&6 ,h[ %all ,i keep frae fe>9'8 ,sodg] lad1 ,o sodg] lad1 ,f>1 f> awa' ye're go9'-- ,i'll n d>e c\nt ! leagues an' days-- ,gude ,god6 ,! cocks are cr[9'6 ,sodg] lad1 my luve1 my de>1 ,awake6 ,! morn is gray9'6 ,e'en ?o' my he>t drags1 sick wi' dread1 ,i w\ldna h ye /ay9'4 ,fr5* ,hate & ,engli% ,jeal\sy ,by ,kuno ,francke4 ,x is easy to see :y ,am]ican public op9ion %\ld h condemn$ by an ov]:elm+ majority ! diplomatic acts ( ,au/ria & ,hung>y :i* h be5 ! imm$iate occasion ( ! t]rific explosion :i* n[ %akes ! f\ndations ( ! :ole civiliz$ _w4 ,au/ria's break ) ,s]via & ,g]many's violation ( ,belgian neutrality--! "o lead+ to w> betwe5 ,russia & ,g]many1 ! o!r br++ ,engl& into ! fray--mu/ appe> to ! un9itiat$ z reckless & indef5sible provocations & z wanton attacks ^u ! laws ( nations4 ,! ?\ghtful obs]v]1 h[ev]1 %\ld look beyond ! imm$iate occasion ( ?is _w conflict & try to und]/& its und]ly+ causes4 ,by do+ s he w1 ,i believe1 come to ! conclusion t fundam5tal ju/ice is to be f\nd on ! ,g]man side1 & t ,g]many has be5 =c$ to fight = h] life4 ,x is an unque/ionable fact t ! unification ( ,g]many & ! e/abli%m5t ( a /rong ,g]man ,empire1 half a c5tury ago1 7 br\ght ab\t aga9/ ! bitt] opposition ( ,france1 & t ! defeat incurr$ by ,france 9 #ahgj1 9 h] attempt to prev5t ,g]man unification1 is at ! bottom ( ! con/ant irritation t has agitat$ ,europe dur+ ! la/ =ty-?ree ye>s4 ,g]many's policy t[>d ,france dur+ ^! =ty-?ree ye>s has be5 "o ( utmo/ re/ra9t & =be>ance1 & has be5 dictat$ by ! "o desire ( mak+ h] =get ! loss ( ! two prov9ces1 ,g]man until ! sev5te5? c5tury & inhabit$ by ,g]man /ock1 :i* 7 won back f ,france 9 #ahgj4 ,:e!r ! acquisition ( ^! prov9ces 0 a =tunate ?+ = ,g]many may be d\bt$4 ,! possession ( ,alsace-,lorra9e has c]ta9ly robb$ ,g]many ( ! undivid$ sympa?y ( ! _w1 :i* %e o!rwise w\ld h _h4 ,b x is probably true t f ! milit>y po9t ( view ,alsace-,lorra9e 0 ne$$ by ,g]many z a bulw>k aga9/ ! repetition ( ! _m wanton ,fr5* invasions f :i* ,g]many has _h to suff] s9ce ! "t ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> & ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,s\ght to ,heal ! ,brea*4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ,g]many has done h] be/ dur+ ! la/ f\r decades to heal ! w\nds /ruck by h] to ,fr5* national pride4 ,%e abett$ ,fr5* colonial expansion 9 ,co*9-,*9a1 ,madagasc>1 ,tunis4 ,%e yield$ to ,france h] own well-f\nd$ claims to political influ5ce 9 ,morocco4 ,9 ,alsace-,lorra9e itself %e introduc$ an am\nt ( local self-gov]nm5t & home rule su* z ,engl& has n accord$ ev5 n[ to ,irel&4 ,:ile ,irel& /ill is wait+ = a ,p>liam5t at ,dubl91 ,/rassburg has be5 = ye>s ! seat ( ! ,alsace-,lorra9e ,diet1 a prov9cial ,p>liam5t bas$ on univ]sal suffrage4 ,& ev5 9 spite ( ! incessant & inflammatory ,fr5* propag&a :i* la/ ye> l$ to su* unhappy c\nt]-/rokes z ! deplorable ,zab]n affair1 !re c be no reasonable d\bt t ! p ( ,alsace-,lorra9e h be5 gradually settl+ d[n to will+ co-op]ation ) ! ,g]man adm9i/ration--an adm9i/ration :i* insures !m ord]1 ju/ice1 & prosp]ity4 ,no?+ is a cle>] indication ( ! peaceable tr5d :i* affairs h lately tak5 9 ,alsace-,lorra9e ?an ! fact t ! ,nationali/s1 i4e41 ,fr5* p>ty1 9 ! ,/rassburg ,diet has nev] be5 able to rise above insignificance1 & t1 on ! o!r h&1 a consid]able numb] ( responsible (fic]s 9 ! civil adm9i/ration1 includ+ ! highe/ ,gov]nm5tal positions1 h be5 occupi$ by native ,alsatians4 ,:ile ,g]many has ?us repeat$ly %[n h] will+ness & desire to end ! anci5t feud1 ,france has rema9$ irreconcilable2 & p>ticul>ly ! intellectual class ( ,france _c escape ! *>ge t !y h p]si/5tly & willfully kept alive ! flame ( discord4 ,x surely _c be said t ! re/oration ( ,alsace-,lorra9e is a vital necessity to ,france4 ,)\t ,alsace-,lorra9e ,france has recov]$ h] prosp]ity & h] pre/ige 9 a mann] t has be5 ! admiration ( ! _w4 ,x is a m]e illusion to ?9k t ! reconque/ ( ,alsace-,lorra9e w\ld add to h] glory4 ,x w\ld h be5 a dem& ( patriotism = ! intellectual class to combat ?is illusion4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 e ,fr5* writ]1 e ,fr5* s*ol>1 e ,fr5* orator1 except ! ,sociali/s1 ye> 9 & ye> out1 has be5 d9n+ into ! popul> e> ! "o ^w rev5ge4 ,france to ,blame4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ,pr(4 ,gu/ave ,lanson1 ! di/+ui%$ lit]>y hi/orian1 voic$ ! s5tim5ts ( ! va/ majority ( 8 c\ntrym5 :5 9 a lecture1 deliv]$ "s ye>s ago at ,h>v>d1 he /at$ t ,france c\ld n & w\ld n reorganize ! peace ( ,frankfurt z a f9al settlem5t1 & t ! "o aim ( ! ,fr5* policy ( ! la/ =ty ye>s _h be5 to =ce ,g]many to reop5 ! ,alsace-,lorra9e "q4 ,if !re 7 p 9 ,g]many incl9$ to ov]look or to m9imize ?is con/antly gr[+ m5ace f ,france1 _! eyes mu/ h be5 op5$ :5 9 #aiab ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 hav+ previ\sly aboli%$ ! "o-ye> volunte]s1 rais$ ! duration ( active milit>y s]vice = e ,fr5*man f two ye>s to ?ree1 &1 9 addition to ?is1 call$ out 9 ! ,autumn ( #aiac ! recruits n only ( ! ye> ^: turn _h come1 namely1 ! recruits born 9 #ahib1 b also ^? born 9 #ahic4 ,?is 0 a measure ne>ly id5tical ) mobilization2 x 0 a measure :i* cle>ly %[$ t ,france w\ld n delay mu* long] /rik+ ! deadly bl[4 ,= no nation c\ld possibly /& = any l5g? ( "t ?is t]rific /ra9 ( hold+ "u ! colors its entire male population f ! tw5tie? to ! tw5ty-f\r? ye>4 ,no wond] t ! ,p>is pap]s 7 speak+ z long ago z ! ,summ] ( #aiab ( ! regim5ts /ation$ 9 ! ,ea/]n ,dep>tm5ts z ! vangu>d ( our glori\s army1 & 7 advocat+ d\ble pay = !m1 z be+ practically 9 contact ) ! enemy4 ,! second foe n[ ?reat5+ ! de/ruction ( ,g]many is ,engl&4 ,c x truly be said t ,engl&'s ho/ility has be5 br\ght ab\t by ,g]man aggression8 ,true1 ,g]many has built a p[]ful navy2 b s h ,japan1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,france1 & ev5 ,italy4 ,has ,engl& felt any m5ace f ^!8 ,:y1 !n1 is ! ,g]man ,navy s+l$ out z a specially s9i/] ?reat to ,engl&8 ,has ,g]man diplomacy dur+ ! la/ g5]ation be5 p>ticul>ly m5ac+ to ,engl&8 ,g]many has acquir$ "s colonies 9 ,africa & 9 ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,b :at are ,kam]un & ,d>-es-,salaam & ,kiao-,*au comp>$ ) ! colonial possessions ( ! o!r great p[]s8 ,:]e has ,g]many pursu$ a colonial aggressiv5ess t c\ld 9 any way be comp>$ ) ! ,briti% subjugation ( ! ,s\? ,african republics or ! ,italian conque/ ( ,tripoli or ! ,fr5* expansion 9 ,algi]s1 ,tunis1 & ,morocco1 or ! ,am]ican acquisition ( ! ,philipp9es8 ,h] ,op5-,door ,policy4 ,:]ev] ,g]many has made h] influ5ce felt on ! globe %e has /ood = ! pr9ciple ( ! op5 door4 ,:]ev] %e has engag$ 9 colonial ent]prises1 %e has be5 will+ to make compromises ) o!r nations & to accept _! co-op]ation1 notably s 9 ! ,bagdad railway und]tak+4 ,& yet1 ! colonial expansion ( e o!r nation is hail$ by ,engl& z b5eficial to mank9d1 z "w = civilization2 ! slighte/ attempt ( ,g]many to take "p 9 ?is expansion is d5\nc$ z intol]able aggression1 z evid5ce ( ! bully+ t5d5cies ( ! ,w> ,"l4 ,:at is ! reason = ?is s+ul> unfairness ( ,engl& t[>d ,g]many1 ( ?is incessant attempt to *eck h] & hem h] 98 ,n s mu* ! exi/5ce ( a l>ge ,g]man ,navy z ! encroa*m5t ^u ,engli% comm]ce by ! rapidly gr[+ comm]ce ( ,g]many has made ,g]many hateful to ,engl&4 ,! navy has simply add$ to ?is hate ( ,g]many ! dread ( ,g]many4 ,b if !re _h be5 no ,g]man ,navy1 & consequ5tly no dread ( ,g]many1 ?is hate ( ,g]many might h come to an explosion be=e n[4 ,= ! hi/ory ( ! la/ #cjj ye>s proves t ,engl& has habitually consid]$ z h] mortal enemy any nation :i* d>$ to conte/ h] comm]cial & indu/rial supremacy--fir/ ,spa91 !n ,holl&1 !n ,france1 & n[ ,g]many4 ,z long z ,g]man firms1 by ! manufacture ( artificial indigo1 keep on ru9+ ! ,engli% importation ( indigo f ,india1 & z long z ! ,g]man /eam%ip l9es keep on out/ripp+ ! pre/ige ( ! ,engli% boats1 !re c be no real fri5d%ip betwe5 ,engl& & ,g]many4 ,al?\gh ,engl& has repeat$ly propos$ to ,g]many naval agreem5ts1 ^! agreem5ts 7 av[$ly meant to p]petuate ! ov]:elm+ prepond]ance ( ,engl&'s fight+ p[]1 s t %e w\ld at any mom5t be 9 a position to cru% ,g]man comm]cial rivalry = all "t4 ,%e app>5tly ?9ks t ?is mom5t has n[ come4 ,t ,g]many's ?ird implacable enemy1 ,russia1 is cle>ly ! aggressor1 & n ! def5d] ( h] own national exi/5ce1 ne$ h>dly be demon/rat$4 ,%e poses z ! gu>dian ( ! ,balkan ,/ates4 ,b is !re any case on record :]e ,russia has really protect$ ! indep5d5ce ( small] neighbor+ c\ntries8 ,has %e n cru%$ out prov9cial & racial individuality :]ev] %e has ext5d$ h] p[]8 ,is x n ! sole aim ( h] national policy to ,russianize =cibly e nationality "u h] sway8 ,9 ,f9l& %e has gone back on h] solemnly pl$g$ ^w to ma9ta9 ! ,f9ni% ,con/itution1 & is ru?lessly r$uc+ "o ( h] mo/ highly develop$ prov9ces to ! dead level ( autocratic rule4 ,9 h] ,baltic prov9ces %e is try+ to de/roy1 root & bran*1 :atev] !re is left ( ,g]man culture4 ,:]ev] ! ,russian ,*ur* holds dom9ion intellectual blight is sure to foll[4 ,to ?9k1 !re=e1 t ,russia w\ld promote ! free developm5t ( a numb] ( indep5d5t ,balkan ,/ates "u h] protectorate is to %ut "o's eyes to ! :ole hi/ory ( ,russian expansion4 ,no1 ,russian expansion 9 ! ,balkans means no?+ less ?an ! ext9ction ( all local indep5d5ce & ! e/abli%m5t ( ,russian despotism f ! ,black ,sea to ! ,adriatic4 ,:y ,g]many ,supports ,au/ria4 ,n ,russia1 b ,au/ria1 is ! natural protector ( ! equilibrium betwe5 ! exi/+ ,/ates on ! ,balkan ,p59sula & _! natural gu>dian aga9/ ,russian dom9ation4 ,au/ria is _! ne>e/ neighbor2 inde$1 ! possession ( ,bosnia & ,h]zegov9a makes h] a ,balkan ,/ate h]self4 ,be+ h]self m ?an half ( ,slavic /ock1 %e has e reason = liv+ on good t]ms ) ! v>i\s ,slav k+doms s\? ( h]4 ,be+ h]self =c$1 ?r\gh ! conglom]at5ess ( h] population1 to con/ant compromises 9 h] int]nal affairs betwe5 conflict+ nationalities )9 h] bord]s1 %e c\ld n possibly absorb a l>ge additional am\nt ( =eign t]ritory4 ,%e is b\nd to respect ! exi/+ l9es ( political dem>kation 9 ! ,balkans1 & h] sole object c be ?r\gh comm]cial treaties & t>iff legislation to op5 up :at us$ to be ,european ,turkey to h] trade & h] civiliz+ influ5ce4 ,9 ?is %e mu/ cle>ly be support$ by ,g]many4 ,= only if ,au/ria is left free to ex]cise h] natural protectorate ov] ! ,balkan ,/ates c ! passage betwe5 ,g]many & ! ,ne> ,ori5t1 "o ( ! mo/ important r\tes ( ,g]man comm]ce1 be kept op54 ,russia's unwill+ness1 !n1 to all[ ,au/ria a free h& 9 h] deal+s ) ,s]via 0 an op5 m5ace to ,g]many1 a *all5ge :i* _h to be accept$ unless ,g]many 0 prep>$ to abdicate all h] influ5ce 9 ! ,ne> ,ori5t & to all[ ,russia to ov]ride ! legitimate claims & aspirations ( h] only firm & fai?ful ally4 ,?is =midable coalition ( ! ?ree greate/ ,european p[]s1 ?reat5+ ! v exi/5ce ( ,g]many1 has n[ be5 jo9$ by ,japan1 op5ly & boldly = ! purpose ( snat*+ f ,g]many h] "o ,asiatic possession4 ,if any additional pro( _h be5 ne$$ to make x cle> t1 if ,g]many want$ to reta9 ! slighte/ *ance ( extricat+ h]self f ?is worldwide conspiracy aga9/ h]1 %e _h to /rike ! fir/ bl[1 ev5 at ! risk ( (f5d+ aga9/ int]national good mann]s1 ?is /ab 9 ! back by ,japan w\ld furni% su* pro(4 ,dr4 ,s&]son ,replies ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,al?\gh ,i hate to ent] into a controv]sy ) ,pr(4 ,kuno ,francke1 :o 0 once my excell5t fri5d1 ,i _c refra9 f answ]+ 8 article :i* appe>$ 9 la/ ,sunday's ,,new ,,york ,,times4 ,h[ c any "o say1 9 all fairness1 t ,g]many's policy t[>d ,france dur+ ! la/ =ty-?ree ye>s has be5 "o ( ! utmo/ re/ra9t & =be>ance1 & has be5 dictat$ by ! "o desire to make h] =get ! loss ( ! two prov9ces8 ,:at are ! facts8 ,we "k t n once1 b aga9 & aga91 s9ce #ahgh1 ,g]many has tri$ to provoke ,france into w>4 ,we "k t on "o occasion ,que5 ,victoria h]self ?reat5$ ! ,kais] ) ,great ,brita9's int]v5tion if he did n desi/ f 8 int5d$ attack on ,france4 ,& to cite only ! two mo/ rec5t in/ances1 ! ,agadir affair & ! en=c$ resignation ( ! ,fr5* ,premi]1 ,delcass6 ,w\ld ,g]many h swall[$ su* insults8 ,?is may be ! ,g]man conception ( utmo/ re/ra9t & =be>ance1 b x appe>$ to ! ,fr5*1 z x did to ! re/ ( ! _w1 t x requir$ _! utmo/ re/ra9t & =be>ance to rema9 calm "u ! affronts4 ,! fact t ,alsace-,lorra9e 0 ,g]man up to ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & inhabit$ by ,g]man /ock1 _c be br\ght =w>d today1 aft] m ?an #bjj ye>s1 to ju/ify ! retak+ ( ^? prov9ces by ! ,g]mans4 ,! :ole _w w\ld be 9 a /ate ( cont9ual w>f>e if nations claim$ prov9ces or ,/ates t belong$ to !m once ^u a "t4 ,ri*elieu's idea 0 t ! ,rh9e 0 ! natural & geographical fronti] betwe5 ,france & ,g]many1 & ! w> 0 und]tak5 to c>ry out t plan4 ,s9ce !n ! inhabitants h become ,fr5*1 & ! attempts to re-,g]manize !m h prov$ futile4 ,pr(4 ,francke may well d\bt if ! acquisition ( ^! prov9ces 0 a =tunate ?+ = ,g]many4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly ! mo/ un=tunate ?+ n only = ,g]many b = ,france & ! re/ ( ,europe1 = x kept op5 a w\nd :i* might h be5 heal$ ei!r by a return ( ! lo/ prov9ces1 ) or )\t comp5sation1 or by grant+ !m autonomy1 or1 bett] /ill1 by leav+ x to ! inhabitants to *oose = !mselves1 z ,france did ) ,nice & ,savoy4 ,! ru?less me?ods ( a ,bism>ck are no long] ( ?is age4 ,!y are too odi\s1 & ! human consci5ce revolts at !m4 ,:at a prepo/]\s idea1 9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury1 to compel by =ce millions ( p to r5\nce _! traditions & ev5 _! language6 ,if ,great ,brita9 _h foll[$ ! same me?od 9 deal+ ) ! ,fr5* ,canadians1 in/ead ( loyal subjects %e w\ld h made rebels ( !m all4 ,x is nei!r "r nor j nor tru?ful to say t ,g]many has done h] be/ dur+ ! la/ f\r decades to heal ! w\nds /ruck by h] to ,fr5* national pride4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,g]many's attitude has be5 all along "o ( /udi$ provocation2 & if ! in/ances already m5tion$ are n suffici5t1 _m o!rs c\ld be add$4 ,g]many abett$ ,fr5* colonial expansion4 ,well1 by :at "r %\ld %e h oppos$ x8 ,& if %e yield$ to ,france 9 ,morocco1 x 0 only aft] ,france _h giv5 ,g]many "p ( h] ,african possessions r ?an g to w> ) h]4 ,x w be news to ! _w to be in=m$ t !re c be no reasonable d\bt t ! p ( ,alsace-,lorra9e h be5 gradually settl+ d[n to will+ co-op]ation ) ! ,g]man adm9i/ration4 ,c]ta9ly su* a /atem5t is 9 viol5t contradiction ) all we he> & read & "k ( ! /ate ( m9d1 ! feel+s1 & aspirations ( ! inhabitants ( ^? two prov9ces4 ,to argue t ! re/oration ( ,alsace-,lorra9e is n a vital necessity to ,france2 t )\t ^! prov9ces %e has recov]$ h] prosp]ity & h] pre/ige1 & t x is m]e illusion to ?9k t ! reconque/ ( ,alsace-,lorra9e w\ld add to h] glory is pure sophi/ry4 ,x is j z if y said to a man :om y _h robb$ ( "s valuable prop]ty3 ,:at does x matt]8 ,y are j z well (f )\t x4 ,yes1 ,pr(4 ,l>son did voice ! s5tim5t ( ! va/ majority ( 8 c\ntrym5 :5 he /at$ t ,france c\ld n & w\ld n recognize ! treaty ( ,frankfurt4 ,if ,i h an enemy :o takes me by surprise & ) revolv] level$ at my head compels me to sign a pap] by :i* ,i despoil myself to 8 advantage1 :at is ! validity ( su* a docum5t8 ,t is ! way t all ,fr5*m5 ( all classes look ^u ! treaty ( ,frankfurt1 wrung f !m "u duress4 ,! t]m revan*e is a slogan4 ,x simply typifies 9 "o ^w ! reconque/ ( ,alsace-,lorra9e2 b x does n c>ry ) x ! idea ( willfully lay+ wa/e ! enemy's c\ntry1 burn+ & pillag+1 %oot+ in(f5sive non-combatants1 & clean+ banks ( all ! gold !y conta94 ,ano!r /atem5t :i* is mislead+ 9 ,pr(4 ,francke's article is ! "o :i* ref]s to ! gr[+ m5ace f ,france1 9 :i* he speaks ( ! increas+ armam5t t has be5 go+ on 9 t c\ntry s9ce #aiab4 ,b :at is call$ 9 ,g]many ! m5ace f ,france is call$ 9 ! latt] c\ntry ! m5ace f ,g]many4 ,:o />t$ ^! enorm\s armam5ts8 ,ea* "t ,g]many increas$ h] army ,france 0 =c$ to d ! same2 & :5 ,france rec5tly increas$ f two to ?ree ye>s ! duration ( milit>y s]vice1 x 0 h] only way ( meet+ ,g]many's increase ( #ejj1jjj m54 ,! attempt to *ange ! rles & pres5t ,france to ! _w z ! aggressor1 or ev5 z prem$itat+ an attack ^u ,g]many1 is futile4 ,x is a /range & yet n uncommon psy*ological fact t ! hate ( ! conqu]or is (t5 great] ?an t ( ! conqu]$2 & x is ,g]man1 n ,fr5*1 hate :i* has =c$ ,g]many into ?is savage w>4 ,france _h recov]$ too rapidly f h] disa/]s2 %e 0 too ri*2 h] colonies 7 too va/ & too prosp]\s2 %e mu/ be cru%$4 ,:at "r _h %e to h l>ge colonies :5 ,g]many1 ! sup]ior nation1 _h none wor? m5tion+8 ,!re y h ! key to ! ,kais]'s repeat$ provocations & to 8 f9al attack4 ,9 reg>d to ,engl& & ,russia1 ! writ] w simply conf9e himself to ! /atem5t t if ! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t c produce z clean a bill ( heal? z ! ,:ite ,pap] ( ! ,briti% ,=eign ,(fice1 j publi%$1 x w d m to conv9ce ,am]ican public op9ion ( ! ju/ice ( its cause ?an any?+ t has yet be5 writt5 9 ! press by ,g]mans & _! sympa?iz]s4 ,r4,l4 ,,s&]son4 ,yale ,univ]sity1 ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 ,sept4 #e1 #aiad4 ,9 ,def5se ( ,au/ria ,by ,b>on ,l4 ,h5gelmull]4 ,late ,au/ro-,hung>ian ,ambassador to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! foll[+ lett] 0 writt5 by ,b>on ,h5gelmull] to ,col4 ,!odore ,roosevelt4 ,,abbazia1 ,sept4 #be1 #aiad4 ,my ,de> ,mr4 ,roosevelt3 ,our correspond5ce has suff]$ a long int]ruption4 ,y\r la/ lett] 0 f ,july ( la/ ye>4 ,i d n "k :e!r y ev] receiv$ my answ]1 by :i* ,i ?ank$ y = y\r preface to my book4 ,y 7 9 ,arizona :5 ,i wrote x1 & soon aft] y\r return y />t$ = ,brazil4 ,at ! occasion ( y\r son's w$d+ ,i s5t him a telegram to ,madrid1 b ,i _h no *ance to write to y because ,i _h no in=mation ) reg>d to ! l5g? ( y\r /ay & y\r :]eab\ts 9 ,europe4 ,n[ ,i write to y at ! "t ( a mo/ mom5t\s crisis 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 & ,i d s impell$ by ! desire to talk ) y ab\t my c\ntry's cause & to w9 y\r j & fair appreciation = ! same4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld address my appeal to ! ,am]ican p1 b hav+ no /&+ & no opportunity to d s1 ,i address x to y z to "o ( ,am]ica's mo/ illu/ri\s citiz5s ) :om x has be5 my privilege to ent]ta9 dur+ _m ye>s ! mo/ fri5dly relations4 ,s9ce ! outbreak ( ! w> our communications ) ,am]ica are sl[ & irregul>4 ,9 ! beg9n+ !y 7 nil4 ,f ! end ( ,july to ! middle ( ,augu/ we receiv$ nei!r lett]s1 telegrams1 nor pap]s4 ,i suppose x 0 ! same ) y conc]n+ direct news f u4 ,our adv]s>ies _h ! field all = !mselves & !y seem to h made ! mo/ ( x4 ,to judge f :at ,i h le>n$ s9ce & f :at ,i c\ld glean 9 our pap]s1 ! ,new ,york press seem to h writt5 ab\t u & ,g]many v mu* 9 ! same tone & _s z !y did ab\t y dur+ y\r la/ ,presid5tial campaign4 ,i h se5 x /at$ t ,! ,outlook publi%$ an article 9 :i* ,au/ro-,hung>y 0 accus$ ( hav+ br\ght ab\t ! w> ?r\gh h] gre$ ( conque/ & ! ov]be>+ arrogance ( h] behavior t[>d ,s]via4 ,i d n "k :e!r ,i cite correctly1 z ,i h n se5 ! article1 & ,i am aw>e t y h sev]$ y\r connection ) ,! ,outlook aft] y\r return f ,brazil4 ,i only m5tion ! /atem5t z an illu/ration ( :at ,i h said above1 = if a review ( ! /&+ ( ,! ,outlook op5s its columns to su* a gl>+ly false accusation ! daily pap]s h c]ta9ly n lagg$ beh9d4 ,x is natural t our adv]s>ies %\ld be anxi\s to w9 ! sympa?ies ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,s are we4 ,b x is n = ?is purpose t ,i n[ write to y4 ,sympa?y is a s5tim5t &1 z a rule1 n to be won by argum5t4 ,:at ,i want to discuss ) y are ! causes ( ?is w> & ! issues at /ake4 ,! ,cause ( ! ,w>4 ,und\bt$ly ! w> broke out ov] our conflict ) ,s]via1 b ?is conflict 0 n ( our seek+4 ,we _h no wi% ( aggr&izem5t or ext5sion ( p[] at ! exp5se ( ,s]via1 b ,s]via covets t]ritory :i* belongs to u1 & = ye>s has pursu$ h] ends by ! mo/ nef>i\s & crim9al means4 ,! assass9ation ( our heir to ! cr[n & 8 consort 0 n an isolat$ fact1 b only ! mo/ gl>+ l9k 9 a long *a9 ( plott+ & agitat+ aga9/ u4 ,?is attitude ( ,s]via t[>d u dates back to ! day :5 ! gang ( (fic]s :o murd]$ _! own ,k+ came to p[]1 & :5 x became _! policy to keep a hold ov] _! own p by excit+ _! ambitions aga9/ u4 ,?is policy rea*$ its fir/ climax :5 we decl>$ ! annexation ( ,bosnia & ,h]zegov9a1 :i* we _h occupi$ & develop$ = ?irty ye>s4 ,y 7 9 (fice !n1 & ! ev5ts ( ! "t are famili> to y4 ,! crisis end$ !n by ,s]via's =mal ackn[l$gm5t t our annexation violat$ none ( h] rights1 & by h] promise to cultivate h5ce=? correct & fri5dly relations ) u4 ,?is promise 0 n kept4 ,! plott+ cont9u$1 lies 7 dissem9at$ ab\t a pret5d$ oppression ( our ,s\? ,slav population1 & associations 7 =m$ = ! purpose ( /irr+ !m to discont5t & if possible to treason4 ,?+s came to a second climax ) ! murd] ( ,ar*duke ,francis ,f]d9&4 ,! plot = ?is crime 0 hat*$ 9 ,s]via1 ! bombs & revolv]s = its execution 7 furni%$ !re1 & ,s]vian (fic]s in/ruct$ ! murd] c&idates 9 _! use4 ,at la/ we c\ld /& x no long]4 ,:at we want$ f ,s]via 0 ! puni%m5t ( ! plott]s & accomplices & a gu>antee = normal relations 9 ! future4 ,?is 0 ! object ( our ultimatum4 ,s]via made a %[ ( comply+ ) "s ( our dem&s1 b 9 reality h] answ] 0 evasive4 ,^! facts are expos$ & au!nticat$ 9 ! note :i* we s5t to ! p[]s aft] hav+ pres5t$ our ultimatum 9 ,belgrade & 9 ! memor&um :i* accompani$ x4 ,i d n "k :e!r ! ,am]ican pap]s publi%$ ^! docum5ts at ! "t4 ,today !y are out/ripp$ by great] ev5ts1 b = ! j appreciation ( our proce$+s 9 reg>d to ,s]via !y are indisp5sable4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 our conflict ) ,s]via 0 n ! cause ( ! great w> n[ rag+1 b only ! sp>k :i* br\ght ! ov]load$ p[d] b>rel to explosion4 ,:o talks ( ,s]via today1 & :o believes t ,france1 ,engl&1 & ,japan are mak+ w> on ,g]many & on u because ( ,s]via8 ,! w> broke out because ,russia decid$ to %ield ,s]via aga9/ ! consequ5ces ( h] provocations & because1 ow+ to preconc]t$ arrangem5ts1 ! situation 9 ,europe 0 su* t ! action ( "o great p[] 0 b\nd to br+ all or ne>ly all ! o!rs into ! field4 ,& aga9 ^? preconc]t$ arrangem5ts 7 ! outcome ( a mass ( p5t-up passions1 ( hatr$1 envy1 & jeal\sy1 ! l ( :i*--all ,hague conf]5ces & pacific unions not)/&+--! _w has nev] se5 be=e4 ,we are fully aw>e ( ! dang] :i* ?reat5$ u f ,russia :5 we =mulat$ our dem&s 9 ,belgrade4 ,russia's population is ?ree times z l>ge z ours & x 0 n ) a light he>t t our ,emp]or-,k+ took 8 f9al resolution4 ,b our national honor & our v exi/5ce z a self-respect+ p[] 7 at /ake4 ,we c\ld n hesitate4 ,n[ we are 9 a /ruggle = life or dea? & we mean to c>ry x ?r\gh ) full confid5ce 9 ! rightfulness ( our cause & 9 ! =ce ( our arms4 ,9 "o respect ev5ts h already beli$ ! calculations ( our enemies1 :o c\nt$ on int]nal diss5sions )9 our own bord]s4 ,i am happy to say t ,croatians1 ,slov5es1 & a l>ge majority ( our own ,s]vians are fight+ 9 our ranks ) ! same valor & en?usiasm z ,cze*s1 ,rumanians1 ,poles1 ,magy>s1 & ,g]mans4 ,b :y did ,russia decide to assail u8 ,dur+ ! :ole n9ete5? c5tury %e has %[n h]self a v %ifty & unreliable protectress ( ,s]via4 ,%e made use ( ! small] c\ntry :5 x suit$ h] own aggressive purposes aga9/ o!rs1 & %e dropp$ x :5ev] x s]v$ h] ends4 ,x 0 s at ! "t ( ! ,turki% w> ( #ahgg & ( ! ,b]l9 ,congress1 & x rema9$ s until ) ! adv5t ( ! pres5t dyna/y ,s]via (f]$ a sure prospect ( becom+ & rema9+ a p]man5t tool 9 ,russia's h&s & a ?orn 9 our fle%4 ,russia is an aggressive p[]4 ,= #bjj ye>s %e has ext5d$ h] dom9ions at ! co/ ( ,sw$5 fir/1 ( ,pol& & ,turkey aft]w>d4 ,n[ %e ?9ks our turn has come4 ,f9d+ u to be 9 ! way ( h] ultimate aims 9 ! ,balkan ,p59sula1 %e began to reg>d u z h] enemy4 ,= ye>s ! propag&a = und]m9+ ! bases ( our empire has be5 c>ri$ on 9 ! "n ( ,pan-,slavism4 ,x seems t %e judg$ t n[ ! "t _h come to draw ! consequ5ces & to br+ ?+s to a f9al issue4 ,) :at result rema9s to be se54 ,g]many ,b\nd to ,aid ,au/ria4 ,by ! t]ms ( our treaty ( alliance ,g]many 0 b\nd to come to our assi/ance if we 7 attack$ by ,russia4 ,!re 0 no secrecy ab\t t treaty4 ,its text _h be5 made public long ago & its purely def5sive "* br\ght to ! k ( ! _w4 ,no m ?an we did ,g]many ent]ta9 ho/ile int5tions or n\ri% ho/ile feel+s aga9/ ,russia4 ,!re 7 no cla%+ int]e/s to excite ! fir/1 no hi/orical rem9isc5ces to ju/ify ! second4 ,if x is o!rwise 9 ,russia1 x is because h] pres5t lead]s f9d ,g]man p[] 9 ! way ( _! conqu]+ aspirations aga9/ u4 ,g]many1 true to h] obligations1 ha/5$ to our side :5 %e saw u m5ac$1 & :5 %e decl>$ w> %e did x because %e _h positive in=mation t 9 spite ( =mal & solemn assurances to ! contr>y ,russia mobilization 0 proce$+4 ,! t]ms ( ! ,franco-,russian alliance h nev] be5 made public4 ,:e!r x 0 conclud$ m]ely = def5sive or also = (f5sive purposes1 & :e!r ,france 0 oblig$ by h] treaty to draw ! sword 9 ! pres5t case1 rema9s !re=e a matt] ( surmise4 ,b !re is no my/]y ab\t ! feel+s ( ,france ) reg>d to ,g]many1 & no d\bt ab\t ! gre$ = rev5ge :i* dur+ ! la/ =ty-f\r ye>s has sway$ ! ov]:elm+ majority ( h] p & be5 ! dom9ant factor ( h] =eign policy4 ,x 0 = ?is object t %e ent]$ into h] alliances & agreem5ts1 & x is = ?is cause t %e is fight+ n[4 ,x is simple hypocrisy to talk ab\t ,g]man aggressiv5ess aga9/ ,france4 ,france /ood 9 no dang] ( be+ attack$ by ,g]many if %e _h *os5 to rema9 neutral 9 ! latt]'s w> ) ,russia4 ,ask$ :e!r %e w\ld d s1 %e repli$ t h] actions w\ld be guid$ by h] int]e/s4 ,! mean+ ( ?is reply 0 cle>1 & left ,g]many no *oice4 ,! =mal decl>ation ( w> became !n a m]e matt] ( political & milit>y conv5i5ce1 & has no be>+ on ! moral issue ( ! case4 ,b :y has ,engl& plung$ into ?is w>8 ,(ficially & to ! _w at l>ge %e has expla9$ h] resolution by ,g]many's violation ( ,belgian neutrality1 & 9 ! royal message to ,p>liam5t x 0 solemnly decl>$ t ,engl& c\ld n /& by & passively tol]ate su* a brea* ( int]national law & obligations4 ,no ,au/rian c read ?is decl>ation o!rwise ?an ) a m\rnful smile4 ,its futility has be5 expos$ by ! "q :i* ,engli%m5 ( /&+ & r5[n h put to _! ,gov]nm5t1 viz41 :e!r !y w\ld equally h decl>$ w> on ,france if t violation ( neutrality _h fir/ come f h] side4 ,9 face ( ?is "q hav+ rema9$ unansw]$1 & 9 face ( :at has come to light s9ce ab\t ,fr5* prep>ations 9 ,belgium1 !re is no ne$ to expiate on ?is subject4 ,all t !re is to be said ab\t x has be5 said by ! ,g]man ,*ancellor 9 op5 session ( ! ,rei*/ag1 & all t may be add$ is ! rem>k t1 consid]+ ,engl&'s hi/ory & :at %e did be=e ,cop5hag5 9 #ahjg1 %e ( all nations %\ld be ! la/ to put on airs ( moral indignation ov] ! application ( ! pr9ciple t 9 "t ( w> salus reipublicae suprema lex e/4 ,! exi/5ce ( a conv5tion b9d+ ,engl& to ,france 9 case ( w> has--z f> z ,i "k--nev] be5 admitt$ (ficially by ,engl&4 ,z ,i see n[ f manife/ations ( ,engli%m5 disapprov+ ( _! c\ntry's p>ticipation 9 ! w>1 ! belief exi/s nev]!less t su* a conv5tion _h be5 conclud$4 ,b :e!r ,engl&'s decl>ation ( w> 0 ! consequ5ce ( previ\sly ent]$ obligations or ! outcome ( pres5t free initiative1 ! ma9 fact rema9s t 9 ! la/ resort x sprang f jeal\sy ( ,g]many's gr[+ sea p[] & comm]cial prosp]ity4 ,?is feel+ 0 ! dom9ant factor 9 ,engli% =eign policy1 j z gre$ = rev5ge 0 9 ,france4 ,x 0 ! propell+ p[] = ! agreem5ts :i* ,engl& has made & = o!rs :i* %e endeavor$ b did n succe$ 9 br++ ab\t4 ,engl& claims ! dom9ion ov] ! seas z h] native "r1 &1 :at is m1 %e holds x4 ,h] title is no bett] & no worse ?an t ( ! ,romans :5 !y conqu]$ ! _w1 or ( ! ,turki% ,sultans 9 ! days ( _! p[]4 ,l !m1 %e has succe$$ 9 mak+ good h] claim4 ,= ?ree c5turies ! nations ( ,cont95tal ,europe h be5 hat+1 fight+1 & deva/at+ ea* o!r = ! sake ( /rips ( fronti] l& & a %ad[y balance ( p[]4 ,^! c5turies 7 ,engl&'s opportunity1 & %e has made ! mo/ ( x4 ,t %e %\ld mean to keep :at %e has & hold to h] m>itime supremacy z to ! apple ( h] eye is natural4 ,:e!r x is = ! b5efit ( mank9d t x %\ld be s1 & :e!r ! _w 9 g5]al w\ld n be bett] (f if !re exi/$ a balance ( p[] on sea z well z on l&1 does n ent] into ! pres5t discussion4 ,:at is m to ! purpose is t 9 reality ,engl&'s sea p[] /ood 9 no dang] at all4 ,to any ?9k+ & fair-m9d$ obs]v] x mu/ be cle> t ,g]many1 hemm$ 9 by ho/ile neighbors 9 ! ea/ & we/1 & oblig$1 !re=e1 to keep up h] armam5ts on l&1 w\ld n h be5 able to ?reat5 ,engl&'s m>itime sup]iority = g5]ations to come4 ,if ! issue has be5 ?r[n into ! balance1 x has be5 done s by ,engl&'s own do+4 ,b x is n only ! nasc5t ,g]man ,navy t excit$ ! di/ru/ & envy ( ,engl&4 ,g]man colonies & e trad+ ,g]man vessel seem equally to h become ?orns 9 ,engli% eyes4 ,! wi% to sweep ^? vessels f (f ! seas1 to de/roy all ,g]man ports1 9 "o ^w1 to d[n ,g]many1 has long be5 n\ri%$ & lately op5ly av[$ 9 ,engl&4 ,norman ,angell's !ories ab\t ! great illusion ( ! pr(itability ( mod]n w>f>e seem to h made mighty small impression on 8 c\ntrym54 ,russian lu/ ( conque/1 ,fr5* gre$ ( rev5ge1 & ,engli% envy 7 ! =ces at "w 9 ! ,european p[d] magaz9e4 ,! ,s]vian sp>k ignit$ x1 b ! explosion 0 b\nd to come soon] or lat]4 ,:at alone c\ld h /opp$ x w\ld h be5 ,engl&'s /epp+ out ( ! conspiracy4 ,t %e did n d s1 9 fact became its really direct+ p[]1 w =ev] rema9 a blot on h] hi/ory4 ,ab\t ,japan's motives & me?ods ,i d n ?9k x necess>y to write4 ,am]ican public op9ion w h>dly ne$ any enlight5m5t on ?is subject4 ,am]ica =c$ ,japan out ( ! isolation 9 :i* %e _h liv$ dur+ c5turies4 ,i hope ! day may n come :5 %e w wi% t %e _h n done s4 ,! issues ( ! w> /& 9 relation to its causes & ! same attempts h be5 made to di/ort & falsify !m 9 ! eyes ( ! ,am]ican public4 ,i h se5 x /at$ 9 a ,new ,york pap] t ?is w> is a fight betwe5 civilization & b>b>ism1 & ,i h se5 a memb] ( ! pres5t ,engli% ,cab9et quot$ z hav+ said t ! issue 0 "o betwe5 milit>ism & fre$om1 civilization & fre$om /&+1 ( c\rse1 9 bo? cases on ! side ( our enemies4 ,n a ,w> = ,civilization4 ,m idiotic rot--excuse ! expression--,i h nev] read 9 my life4 ,:at has civilization to d ) ,s]via's murd]\s plott+ aga9/ u8 ,:at ) ,russia's desire to %ield h] f ! consequ5ces ( h] aggressions & to demon/rate to ! _w t we are ( no acc\nt 9 ! ,balkans & to e/abli% h] own--m or less veil$--protectorate !re8 ,& if ! case ( civilization is advanc$ by ,japan's ou/+ ,g]many f ,kiao-,*au1 :y %\ld x n be equally fur!r$ if ,japan did ! same to ,engl& 9 ,hongkong1 ,s+apore1 or1 if ! opportunity (f]$1 9 ,india itself8 ,& a p]son mu/ be inde$ at 8 wits' end = argum5ts to proclaim ,russia z a /&>d be>] ( fre$om 9 h] w> aga9/ u4 ,comp>e h] treatm5t ( ,poles1 ,f9ns1 ,ukra9anians 7small ,russians7 & ,hebrews ) ! fre$om :i* ! diff]5t nationalities enjoy 9 our empire6 ,& ,engl& h]self4 ,is x = fre$om's sake t %e holds ,gibralt> & t %e subjugat$ ! ,bo]s8 ,no6 ,civilization & fre$om h no?+ to d ) ! issues at /ake n[1 lea/ ( all 9 ! s5se t our enemies h drawn ! sword = _! cause4 ,x is a w> = conque/ & supremacy /irr$ up by all ! hateful passions 9 human nature1 fully z mu* z any w> t has ev] be5 wag$ be=e4 ,b we did n /ir x up4 ,we are fight+ = our exi/5ce1 "r & ju/ice are on our side1 & s we tru/ w victory be4 ,! causes ( ! w> are cle>4 ,to make its issues /ill cle>]1 imag9e = a mom5t & m]ely = argum5t's sake ! consequ5ces ( our adv]s>ies be+ successful4 ,russia1 ,engl&1 & ,japan w\ld rema9 ma/]s ( ! field4 ,is ?is a consummation any ?9k+ ,am]ican c wi% =8 ,^! are ! consid]ations ,i wi%$ to lay be=e y1 & ,i ask y\r assi/ance to br+ !m be=e ! ,am]ican p4 ,i ask = no reply1 no manife/ation ( feel+s or op9ion f y4 ,:at ,i ask y is to publi% ?is lett] z an op5 lett] address$ by me to y1 sign$ ) my full "n4 ,h[ to d ?is ,i leave entirely to y4 ,x goes )\t say+ t y\r private reply1 if y favor me ) "o1 w be treat$ z su*4 ,hop+ to meet y 9 bett] times1 & s5d+ our k9de/ reg>ds to ,mrs4 ,roosevelt1 believe me1 y\rs mo/ s9c]ely1 ,,b>on ,l4 ,,h5gelmull]4 ,abbazia1 ,sept4 #be1 #aiad4 ,russian ,atrocities ,by ,george ,hav5 ,putnam4 ,publi%]1 ,director ( ! ,knick]bock] ,press1 ,secret>y ,am]ican ,copyright ,league2 decorat$ ) ! ,cross ( ! ,legion ( ,honor1 ,france4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,x is possible t ! lett] pres5t$ h]e) f a ,g]man neighbor 7:o is a /rang] to me7 may be ( int]e/ to y\r read]s z an example ( a curi\s confusion ( ?\ght into :i* h fall5 ,g]mans on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic 9 reg>d to ! issues ( ! pres5t /ruggle & ! conduct & ! actions ( ! ,g]man ,army4 ,i am inclos+ a copy ( my reply to ,mr4 ,?i5es4 ,,george ,,hav5 ,,putnam4 ,new ,york1 ,nov4 #d1 #aiad4 ,,! ,,lett]4 ,,new ,,york1 ,oct4 #bh1 #aiad4 ,mr4 ,george ,hav5 ,putnam4 ,,de> ,,sir3 ,n[ t y h %[n y\r true _s ( neutrality t[>d ,g]many1 w\ld y n be k9d en\gh to give u a simil> piece ( y\r wisdom & describe 9 detail ! way ! ,russians act$ 9 ,ea/ ,prussia dur+ _! %ort /ay !re1 & h[ !y murd]$1 tortur$1 & assault$ wom5 & girls1 & cut *ildr5 & infants to pieces )\t ev5 ! provocation ( snip+8 ,?is1 y\r new article 9 ,,! ,,times1 ,i anticipate ) ! greate/ int]e/4 ,,rudolf ,f4 ,,?i5es4 ,,! ,,reply4 ,rudolf ,f4 ,?i5es1 ,esq4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir3 ,y\r lett] ( ! #bh? in/41 int5d$ z a rejo9d] to a lett] rec5tly pr9t$ by me 9 ,,! ,,times1 is writt5 "u a misappreh5sion 9 reg>d to "o important matt]4 ,! ,am]icans1 :o are 9 a position to judge imp>tially 9 reg>d to ! issues ( ! w>1 h criticis$ ! (ficial acts :i* h att5d$ ! deva/ation ( ,belgium1 n because ^! acts 7 committ$ by ,g]mans1 b because !y 7 9 !mselves abom9able & contr>y to prec$5ts & to civiliz$ /&>ds4 ,if ! ,russians _h1 "u (ficial ord]1 burn$ ,lemburg1 includ+ ! univ]sity & ! libr>y1 & execut$ ! ,burgoma/]1 !y w\ld h come "u ! same condemnation f ,am]icans t has be5 giv5 to ,g]mans = ! burn+ ( ,l\va9 & ,a]s*ot & ! %oot+ ( ! ,a]s*ot ,burgoma/]4 ,i am myself famili> ) ,g]many4 ,i am an old-"t ,g]man /ud5t1 & ,i h ,g]man fri5ds on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic1 & ,i am 9 a position to sympa?ize ) legitimate aspirations & ideals ( ^! ,g]man fri5ds4 ,i am conv9c$1 h[ev]1 t no nation c secure 9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury its rightful developm5t unless its national conduct is regulat$ ) a dec5t respect to ! op9ions ( mank9d4 ,! ref]5ces made 9 my ,,times lett]s 7 re/rict$ to (ficial actions2 ?+s done "u ! direction ( ! milit>y comm&]s act+ 9 accord ) ! in/ructions or ! g5]al policy ( ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t4 ,! misde$s ( individual soldi]s are difficult to v]ify4 ,:ile ^! are always exagg]at$1 x rema9s ! sad tru? t e big army conta9s a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( ruffians1 & t :5 ^! ruffians are let loose 9 a community1 ) weapons & ) milit>y p[] beh9d !m1 bad ?+s are done4 ,x is my own belief t ! mat]ial 9 ! ,g]man ,army 7:i* is ! be/ fight+ ma*9e t ! _w has ev] se57 w comp>e favorably ) t ( any army 9 ! _w1 & t ! p]c5tage ( wrongful acts on ! "p ( ! ,g]man soldi]s has be5 small4 ,su* misde$s1 sometimes to be *>act]iz$ z atrocities1 are ! inevitable result ( w>1 & !y br+ a grave responsibility ^u a ,gov]nm5t :i* 7to accept z well f\nd$ ! frank utt]ances ( ! lead]s ( op9ion 9 ,g]many7 has initiat$ ?is w> = ! purpose ( cru%+ ,france & ( break+ up ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,y appe> to ?9k t x is 9 ord] = ,g]many to visit ^u un(f5d+ ,belgians reprisal = ! misde$s 7z f> z su* misde$s may be 9 evid5ce7 committ$ by ,russians 9 ,ea/ ,prussia4 ,i _c see t ?is cont5tion is 9 accord ) ju/ice or ) common s5se4 ,,george ,,hav5 ,,putnam4 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #bh1 #aiad4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,europe ,,int]view ,,) ,,ni*olas ,,murray ,,butl]4 ,dr4 ,butl] is ,presid5t ( ,columbia ,univ]sity2 receiv$ ,republican electoral vote = ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #aiac2 ,presid5t ( ,am]ican ,bran* ( ,conciliation ,int]nationale2 ,presid5t ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association2 ,tru/ee ,c>negie ,end[m5t = ,int]national ,peace2 ,comm&] ,ord] ( ! ,r$ ,eagle 7) ,/>7 ( ,prussia2 ,comm&eur de ,legion d',honneur ( ,france4 ,by ,edw>d ,m>%all4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,europe4 ,dr4 ,ni*olas ,murray ,butl]1 ,presid5t ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 firmly believes t ! organization ( su* a f$]ation w be ! outcome1 soon or late1 ( a situation built up ?r\gh ye>s ( ,european failure to adju/ gov]nm5t to ! gr[? ( civilization4 ,he ?9ks x possible t ! end+ ( ! pres5t w> may see ! ris+ ( ! new sun ( democracy to light a day ( fre$om = our transatlantic neighbors4 ,he tells me t ?9k+ m5 9 all ! cont5d+ nations are beg9n+ vividly to consid] su* a cont+5cy1 to argue = x or aga9/ x2 9 o!r words1 to reg>d x z an und\bt$ possibility4 ,dr4 ,butl]'s acqua9tance among ^? ?9k+ m5 ( all %ades ( political belief is probably wid] ?an t ( any o!r ,am]ican1 & x is significant ( ! />tl+ importance ( :at he says t by f> ! great] numb] ( 8 ,european fri5ds1 ! m5 ^u ^: views he has l>gely1 directly or indirectly1 bas$ 8 conclusions1 are n ( ! sociali/ic or ( any o!r revolution>y or semi-revolution>y gr\ps1 b are among ! mo/ cons]vative & mo/ important figures 9 ,european political1 lit]>y1 & educational fields4 ,?is be+ unque/ionably true1 x is by no means improbable t 9 ! int]view :i* foll[s1 fruit ( two ev5+s 9 ,dr4 ,butl]'s libr>y1 may be f\nd ! mo/ important speculative utt]ance yet to appe> 9 relation to ! g5]al ,european w>4 ,dr4 ,butl]'s e/imate ( ! place :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates n[ holds ^u ! /age ( ! !atre ( _w progress & 8 =eca/ ( ! trem5d\sly mom5t\s rle :i* %e is de/9$ to play !re mu/ make e ,am]ican's he>t fir/ swell ) pride & !n ?rill ) a realization ( responsibility4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,europe1 model$ aft] & in/ruct$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica6 ,! ?\ght is /imulat+4 ,said ,dr4 ,butl]3 ,! ,european cataclysm puts ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 a unique & trem5d\sly important position4 ,z neutrals we are able to obs]ve ev5ts & to le>n ! lesson t !y tea*4 ,if we le>n rightly we %all ga9 = ourselves & be able to conf] ^u o!rs b5efits f> m important ?an any ( ! mat]ial advantages :i* may come to u ?r\gh a %rewd h&l+ ( ! new possibilities 9 int]national trade4 ,i hesitate to discuss any phase ( ! great conflict n[ rag+ 9 ,europe4 ,by today's mail1 = example1 ,i receiv$ long1 p]sonal lett]s f ,"l ,haldane1 f ,"l ,morley1 f ,"l ,we>dale1 & f ,"l ,bryce4 ,ano!r has j come f ,pr(4 ,s*iemann ( ,b]l91 p]haps ! ,emp]or's mo/ intimate advis]2 ano!r f ,pr(4 ,lamas* ( ,au/ria1 :o 0 ! ,presid+ ,judge ( ! ,briti%-,am]ican arbitration 9 relation to ! ,newf\ndl& fi%]ies a few ye>s ago1 & is a memb] ( ! ,au/rian ,h\se ( ,pe]s4 ,/ill o!rs are f ,m4 ,ribot1 ,m9i/] ( ,f9ance 9 ,france1 & ,m4 d',e/\rnelles de ,con/ant4 ,^! confid5tial lett]s give a weal? ( in=mation z to ! intellectual & political =ces t are beh9d ! conflict4 ,y w und]/&1 !n1 t )\t disloyalty to my _m fri5ds 9 ,europe1 ,i c\ld n discuss ) fre$om ! causes or ! progress ( ! w>1 or speculate 9 detail ab\t ! future ( ! ,european problem4 ,my fri5ds 9 ,g]many1 ,france1 & ,engl& all write to me ) ! utmo/ fre$om & n = ! public eye2 s y see t my great difficulty1 :5 y ask me to talk ab\t ! mean+ ( ! /ruggle1 arises f ! obligation t ,i am "u to pres]ve a prop] p]sonal res]ve reg>d+ ! great figures beh9d ! va/ intellectual & political *anges :i* really are 9 ! backgr\nd ( ! w>4 ,if su* res]ve is necess>y 9 my case1 x seems to me t x also is necess>y = ! c\ntry z a :ole4 ,! attitude ( ! ,presid5t has be5 impeccable4 ,t ( ! :ole ,am]ican press & p %\ld be ! same4 ,especially is x true t all ,am]icans :o hope to h influ5ce1 z individuals1 9 %ap+ ! ev5ts :i* w foll[ ! w>1 mu/ avoid any expression :i* ev5 might be tortur$ into an av[al ( p>tisan%ip or f9al judgm5t4 ,ev5 ! free expression ( views criticis+ p>ticul> details ( ! w>1 :i* might1 9 fact1 des]ve criticism1 might de/roy "o's *ance ( future possible usefulness4 ,a /atem5t :i* might be unque/ionably true might also be rememb]$ to ! damage ( "s important cause lat] on4 ,!re are reasons :y my position is1 p]haps1 m difficult ?an t ( "s o!rs4 ,talk+ is (t5 a haz>d\s practice1 & nev] m s ?an n[4 ,! ,_w is at crossroads1 & ev]y?+ may dep5d ^u ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* has be5 ?ru/ by ev5ts into a unique position ( moral lead]%ip4 ,:e!r ! m>* ( ! future is to be to ! "r or to ! left1 uphill or d[n1 aft] ! w> is ov]1 may well dep5d ^u ! c\rse ?is nation %all !n take1 & ^u ! influ5ce :i* x %all ex]cise4 ,if we keep our heads cle> !re are two ?+s t we c br+ insi/5tly to ! att5tion ( ,europe--ea* ( va/ import at su* a "t z t :i* w foll[ ! end+ ( ?is w>4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ! fact t race antagonisms die away & disappe> "u ! influ5ce ( lib]al & enlight5$ political in/itutions4 ,?is has be5 prov$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we h huge ,celtic1 ,lat91 ,teutonic & ,slavic populations all liv+ "h at peace & 9 h>mony2 &1 z ye>s pass1 !y t5d to m]ge1 creat+ new & homog5e\s types4 ,! ,old ,_w antagonisms h become memories4 ,?is proves t su* antagonisms are n my/]i\s attributes ( geography or climate1 b t !y are ! outgr[? pr9cipally ( social & political conditions4 ,"h a man c d ab\t :at he likes1 s long z he does n violate ! law2 he may pray z he pleases or n at all1 & he may speak any language t he *ooses4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is itself pro( t mo/ ( ! cont5tions ( ,europeans z to race antagonisms are ill-f\nd$4 ,we h demon/rat$ t racial antagonisms ne$ n necess>ily become ! basis ( p]man5t hatr$s & an excuse = w>4 ,hyph5s ,are ,go+4 ,if human be+s are giv5 ! *ance !y w make ! mo/ ( !mselves1 &1 by liv+ happily--:i* means by liv+ at peace--!y w avoid conflict4 ,! hyph5 t5ds to disappe> f ,am]ican t]m9ology4 ,! ,g]man-,am]ican1 ! ,italio-,am]ican1 ! ,iri%-,am]ican all become ,am]icans4 ,s1 by & l>ge1 our in/itutions h prov$ _! capacity to amalgamate & to set free e type ( human be+ :i* ?us f> has come "u our flag4 ,!re is 9 ?is a lesson :i* may well be tak5 s]i\sly to he>t by ! lead]s ( op9ion 9 ,europe :5 ?is w> ends4 ,! second ?+ :i* we may press1 ) propriety1 ^u ! att5tion ( ! p ( ,europe aft] peace comes to !m is ! fact t we are n only ! great expon5ts b ! great example ( ! success ( ! pr9ciple ( f$]ation 9 its application to unity ( political life reg>dless ( local1 economic1 & racial diff]5ces4 ,if our fa!rs _h attempt$ to organize ?is c\ntry ^u ! basis ( a s+le1 closely unifi$ ,/ate1 x w\ld h gone to sma% almo/ at ! outset1 wreck$ by cla%+ economic & p]sonal int]e/s4 ,inde$1 ?is ne>ly happ5$ 9 ! civil w>1 :i* 0 m economic ?an political 9 its orig94 ,b1 ?\gh we _h our difficulties1 we did f9d a way to make a unifi$ nation ( a hundr$ million p & =ty-eight ,commonweal?s1 all b\nd toge!r 9 unity & 9 loyalty to a common political ideal & a common political purpose4 ,j z c]ta9ly z we sit "h ?is mu/ & w be ! future ( ,europe4 ,!re w be a f$]ation into ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,europe4 ,:5 "o nation sets out to ass]t itself by =ce aga9/ ! w1 or ev5 ! wi%1 ( its neighbors1 disa/] mu/ inevitably come4 ,disa/] w\ld h come "h if1 9 #aghi1 ,new ,york _h endeavor$ to ass]t itself aga9/ ,new ,engl& or ,p5nsylvania4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 c]ta9 inhabitants ( ,rhode ,isl& & ,p5nsylvania did try some?+ ( ! sort aft] ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t _h be5 =m$1 b1 =tunately1 _! ef=t 0 a failure4 ,! lead]s ( our national life _h e/abli%$ su* a flexible & admirable plan ( gov]nm5t t x 0 soon app>5t t ea* ,/ate c\ld reta9 its id5tity1 =m+ its own ideals & %ap+ its own progress1 & /ill rema9 a loyal "p ( ! :ole2 t ea* ,/ate c\ld make a place = itself 9 ! new f$]at$ nation & n be de/roy$ !reby4 ,!re is no reason :y ea* nation 9 ,europe %\ld n make a place = itself 9 ! sun ( unity :i* ,i am sure is ris+ !re beh9d ! w> cl\ds4 ,europe's /up5d\s economic loss1 :i* already has be5 appall+ & w soon be incalculable1 w give u an opportunity to press ?is argum5t home4 ,true int]nationalism is n ! enemy ( ! nationali/ic pr9ciple4 ,on ! contr>y1 x helps true nationalism to ?rive4 ,! ,v]mont] is m a ,v]mont] because he is an ,am]ican1 & !re is no reason :y ,hung>y1 = example1 %\ld n be m ?an ev] be=e ,hung>ian aft] %e becomes a memb] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,europe4 ,europe1 ( c\rse1 is n )\t examples ( ! successful application ( ! pr9ciple ( f$]ation )9 itself4 ,x s happ5s t ! f$]at$ ,/ate next greate/ to our own is ! ,g]man ,empire4 ,x is only =ty-?ree ye>s old1 b _! f$]ation has be5 notably successful4 ,s ! idea ( f$]ation is famili> to ,g]man publici/s4 ,x is famili>1 also1 to ! ,engli%1 & has lately be5 press$ !re z ! probable f9al solution ( ! ,iri% "q4 ,x has insi/5tly sugge/$ itself z ! solution ( ! ,balkan problem4 ,9 a less] way x already is repres5t$ 9 ! /ructure ( ,au/ria-,hung>y4 ,am]ica's ,great ,"w4 ,?is pr9ciple ( nation build+1 ( int]national build+ ?r\gh f$]ation1 c]ta9ly has 9 x ! se$s ( ! _w's next great developm5t--& we ,am]icans are 9 a position bo? to exp& ! !ory & to illu/rate ! practice4 ,x seems to me t ?is is ! greate/ "w :i* ,am]ica w h to d at ! end ( ?is w>4 ,^! are ! ?+s :i* ,i am writ+ to my ,european correspond5ts 9 ! sev]al bellig]5t c\ntries by e mail4 ,! cataclysm is s awful t x is q )9 ! b\nds ( tru? to say t on ,july #ca ! curta9 w5t d[n ^u a _w :i* nev] w be se5 aga94 ,?is conflict is ! bir?-?roe ( a new ,european ord] ( ?+s4 ,! man :o attempts to judge ! future by ! old /&>ds or to =ce ! future back to !m w be f\nd to be hopelessly out ( date4 ,! _w w h no use = him4 ,! _w has left beh9d =ev] ! int]national policies ( ,palm]/on & ( ,beaconsfield & ev5 ^? ( ,bism>ck1 :i* 7 f> m p[]ful4 ,:5 ! w> ends conditions w be su* t a new k9d ( imag9ation & a new k9d ( /atesman%ip w be requir$4 ,?is w> w prove to be ! mo/ effective education ( #ejj1jjj1jjj p :i* possibly c\ld h be5 ?\ght (1 al?\gh x is ! mo/ co/ly & mo/ t]rible means :i* c\ld h be5 *os54 ,! results ( ?is education w be %[n1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! process ( g5]al recon/ruction :i* w foll[4 ,all ! talk ( :i* we he> s mu* ab\t1 ! p]il f ! ,slav or f ! ,teuton or f ! ,celt1 is unwor?y ( s]i\s att5tion4 ,x w\ld be q z reasonable to discuss s]i\sly ! r$-head$ p]il or ! six-foot] p]il4 ,!re is no p]il to ! _w 9 ! ,slav1 ! ,teuton1 ! ,celt1 or any o!r race1 provid$ ! p ( t race h an opportunity to develop z social & economic units1 & are n bottl$ up s t an explosion mu/ come4 ,x is my firm belief t n[h]e 9 ! _w1 f ?is "t on1 w any =m ( gov]nm5t be tol]at$ :i* does n set m5 free to develop 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,i ask$ ,dr4 ,butl] to make "s progno/ication ( :at ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,europe1 :i* he s confid5tly expects1 w be4 ,he answ]$3 ,has ,advanc$ ,mu*4 ,i c say only ?is3 ,! int]national organization ( ! _w already has progress$ mu* fur!r ?an is ord9>ily und]/ood4 ,ev] s9ce ! ,franco-,prussian w> & ! ,g5eva ,arbitration1 bo? l&m>ks 9 mod]n hi/ory1 ?is has advanc$ inconspicu\sly1 b by leaps & b\nds4 ,! po/al s]vice ( ! _w has be5 int]nationaliz$ 9 its control = ye>s4 ,! sev]al ,po/al ,conv5tions h be5 evid5ces ( an int]national organization ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,europe ab\nds 9 illu/rations ( ! int]national adm9i/ration ( l>ge ?+s4 ,! v laws ( w>1 :i* are at pres5t ! subject ( s mu* & su* bitt] discussion1 are ! result ( int]national organization4 ,!y 7 n adopt$ by a ,congress1 a ,p>liam5t1 or a ,rei*/ag4 ,!y 7 agre$ to by _m & div]g5t peoples1 :o s5t repres5tatives to meet = _! discussion & det]m9ation4 ,"o ( ! ,examples4 ,9 ! admiralty law we h a mo/ /rik+ example ( uni=mity ( practice 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,if a %ip is captur$ or h>m$ 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ & tak5 into ,yokohama or ,nagasaki1 damages w be assess$ & collect$ precisely z !y w\ld be 9 ,new ,york or ,liv]pool4 ,! _w is gradually develop+ a code = int]national legal proc$ure4 ,special arbitral tribunals h t5d$ to m]ge & gr[ into ! int]national c\rt at ,! ,hague1 & t1 9 turn1 w develop until x becomes a real supreme judicial tribunal4 ,( c\rse ! analogy ) ! f$]at$ ,/ate fails at "s po9ts1 b ,i believe ! "t w come :5 ea* nation w deposit 9 a _w f$]ation "s portion ( its sov]eignty4 ,:5 ?is occurs we %all be able to e/abli% an int]national executive & an int]national police1 bo? devis$ = ! especial purpose ( en=c+ ! decisions ( ! int]national c\rt4 ,"h1 aga91 we (f] a p]fect object lesson4 ,our ,c5tral ,gov]nm5t is "o ( limit$ & def9$ p[]s4 ,our hi/ory c %[ ,europe h[ su* limitations & def9itions c be e/abli%$ & int]pret$1 & h[ !y c be modifi$ & am5d$ :5 necess>y to meet new conditions4 ,my colleague1 ,pr(4 ,john ,bassett ,moore1 is n[ prep>+ & publi%+ a s]ies ( annotat$ reports ( ! int]national arbitration tribunals1 9 ord] t ! ,gov]nm5ts & juri/s ( ! _w may h at h&1 z !y h 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt1 reports1 a record ( decid$ cases :i*1 :5 ! "t comes1 may be ref]r$ to z prec$5ts4 ,x w be ?r\gh grad$ processes su* z ?is t ! great end w be accompli%$4 ,beg9n+ ) su* annotat$ reports z a basis = prec$5ts1 ea* new case tri$ be=e ?is tribunal w add a fur!r prec$5t1 & pres5tly a complete int]national code w be 9 exi/5ce4 ,x 0 9 ?is way t ! ,engli% common law 0 built1 & su* has be5 ! admirable hi/ory ( ! "w done by our own judicial sy/em4 ,! /udy ( su* problems is at ?is "t inf9itely m important ?an ! consid]ation ( h[ l>ge a f9e %all be inflict$ by ! victors ^u ! vanqui%$4 ,! ,*ief ,result4 ,!re is ! probability ( "s dislocation ( t]ritory & "s %ift+s ( sov]eignty aft] ! w> ends1 b ^! w be ( comp>atively m9or importance4 ,! important result ( ?is great w> w be ! /imulation ( int]national organization along "s su* l9es z ,i h sugge/$4 ,dislocation ( t]ritory & ! %ift+ ( sov]eigns z ! result ( int]national disagreem5ts are m$iaeval practices4 ,aft] ?is w> ! _w w want to solve its problems 9 t]ms ( ! future1 n 9 ^? ( ! outgr[n pa/4 ,conv5tional diplomacy & conv5tional /atesman%ip h v evid5tly brok5 d[n 9 ,europe4 ,!y h made a disa/r\s failure ( ! "w ) :i* !y 7 intru/$4 ,!y did n & c\ld n prev5t ! w> because !y knew & us$ only ! old =mulas4 ,!y _h no tools = a job l ?is4 ,a new type ( int]national /atesman is c]ta9 to arise1 :o w h a grasp ( new t5d5cies1 a new outlook ^u life4 ,bism>ck us$ to say t x w\ld pay any nation to we> ! clean l95 ( a civiliz$ ,/ate4 ,! tru? ( ?is mu/ be taught to ^? nations ( ! _w :i* are weake/ 9 morale1 & x c only be done1 ,i suppose1 z simil> "w is accompli%$ ) individuals4 ,c\rts1 n kill+s1 h accompli%$ x ) individuals4 ,"o m po9t ought to be rememb]$4 ,we sometimes he> x said t nationalism1 ! desire = national expression by ea* individual nation1 makes ! p]man5t peace & good ord] ( ! _w impossible4 ,to me x seems absurd to believe t ?is is any tru] ( nations ?an x is ( individuals4 ,x is n ea* nation's desire = national oppression :i* makes peace impossible2 x is ! fact t ?us f> 9 ! _w's hi/ory su* desire has be5 b\nd up ) milit>ism4 ,! nation ^: fronti] bri/les ) bayonets & ) =ts is l ! individual ) a magaz9e pi/ol 9 8 pocket4 ,bo? make = murd]4 ,bo? 9 _! he>ts really mean murd]4 ,! _w w be bett] :5 ! nations invite ! judgm5t ( _! neighbors & are influ5c$ by x4 ,:5 ,john ,hay said t ! ,gold5 ,rule & ! op5 door %\ld guide our new diplomacy he said some?+ :i* %\ld be applicable to ! new diplomacy ( ! :ole _w4 ,! ,gold5 ,rule & a free *ance are all t any man ought to want or ought to h1 & !y are all t any nation ought to want or ought to h4 ,"o ( ! controll+ pr9ciples ( a democratic ,/ate is t its milit>y & naval e/abli%m5ts mu/ be completely subs]vi5t to ! civil p[]4 ,!y %\ld =m ! police1 & n be ! dom9ant factor ( any national life4 ,z soon z !y g beyond ?is simple function 9 any nation1 !n t nation is afflict$ ) milit>ism4 ,x is difficult to make pr$ictions ( ! w>'s effect on u4 ,z ,i see x1 our position w dep5d a good deal ^u ! outcome ( ! conflict1 & :at t w be no "o at pres5t kn[s4 ,if a new map ( ,europe foll[s ! w>1 its p]man5ce w dep5d ^u :e!r or n ! *anges are su* z w p]mit nationalities to organize z nations4 ,! _w %\ld h le>n$ ?r\gh ! lessons ( ! pa/ t x is impossible p]man5tly & peacefully to subm]ge l>ge bodies ( ali5s if !y are treat$ z ali5s4 ,t is ! opposite ( ! mix+ process :i* is s successfully build+ a nation out ( v>i$ nationalities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! old ,romans und]/ood ?is4 ,!y p]mitt$ _! outly+ vassal nations to speak any language !y *ose & to wor%ip :atev] god !y *ose1 s long z !y recogniz$ ! sov]eignty ( ,rome4 ,:5 a conqu]+ nation goes beyond t1 & beg9s to suppress religions1 languages1 & cu/oms1 x beg9s at t v mom5t to s[ ! se$s ( insurrection & revolution4 ,my old tea*] & colleague1 ,pr(4 ,burgess1 once def9$ a nation z an e?nographic unit inhabit+ a geographic unit4 ,t is an illum9at+ def9ition4 ,if a nation is n an e?nographic unit1 x tries to become "o by oppress+ or amalgamat+ ! weak] portions ( its p4 ,if x is n a geographic unit1 x tries to become "o by rea*+ out to a m\nta9 *a9 or to ! sea--to some?+ :i* w s]ve z a real divid+ l9e betwe5 x & its next neighbors4 ,! accuracy ( ?is def9ition c h>dly be d5i$1 & we all "k :at ! violations ( ?is pr9ciple h be5 9 ,europe4 ,x is unnecess>y = me to po9t !m out4 ,races r>ely h be5 successfully mix$ by conque/4 ,! milit>y w9n] ( a w> is n always ! real conqu]or 9 ! long run4 ,! ,normans conqu]$ ,saxon ,engl&1 b ,saxon law & ,saxon in/itutions work$ up ?r\gh ! new p[] & h dom9at$ ,engl&'s lat] hi/ory4 ,! ,teutonic tribes conqu]$ ,rome1 b ,roman civilization1 by a sort ( capill>y attraction1 w5t up into ! mass above & pres5tly dom9at$ ! ,teutons4 ,! p]si/5cy ( a civilization may well be sup]ior 9 t5acity to m]e milit>y conque/ & control4 ,! smallness ( ! numb] ( in/ances 9 :i* conqu]+ nations h be5 able successfully to deal ) ali5 peoples is extraord9>y4 ,! ,romans 7 unusually successful1 & ,engl& has be5 successful ) all b ! ,iri%1 b p]haps no o!r peoples h be5 successful 9 high degree 9 an ef=t to hold ali5 populations z vassals & to make !m really happy & com=table z su*4 ,"o ( ! w>'s *ief effects on u w be to *ange our po9t ( view4 ,europe w be m vivid to u f n[ on4 ,!re are _m public m5 :o h nev] ?\ght mu* ab\t ,europe1 & :o h be5 f> f a realization ( its actual importance to u4 ,x has be5 a place to :i* to g = a ,summ] holiday4 ,b1 sudd5ly1 !y f9d !y _c sell _! cotton !re or _! copp]1 t !y _c m>ket _! /ocks & bonds !re1 t !y _c s5d money to _! families :o are travel+ !re1 because !re is a w>4 ,to su* m5 ! w> mu/ h made x app>5t t int]dep5d5ce among nations is m ?an a m]e phrase4 ,all our trade & all our economic & social policies mu/ recognize ?is4 ,! _w has discov]$ t ca% )\t cr$it means little4 ,"o _c use ca% if "o _c use "o's cr$it to draw x :5ev] & :]ev] ne$$4 ,cr$it is intangible & volatile1 & may be de/roy$ ov] night4 ,i saw ?is 9 ,v5ice4 ,on ,july #ca ,i c\ld h drawn e c5t t my lett] ( cr$it call$ = up to ! "t ! banks clos$4 ,at #aj 9 ! morn+ on ! #a/ ( ,augu/ ,i c\ld n draw ! value ( a po/age /amp4 ,yet ! bank] 9 ,new ,york :o issu$ my lett] ( cr$it _h n fail$4 ,8 /&+ 0 z good z ev] x _h be54 ,b ! _w's sy/em ( int]national ex*ange ( cr$it _h suff]$ a /roke ( p>alysis ov] night4 ,?is realization ( int]national int]dep5d5ce1 ,i hope1 w elevate & ref9e our patriotism by tea*+ m5 a wid] sympa?y & a deep] und]/&+ ( o!r peoples1 nations1 & languages4 ,i s9c]ely hope x w educate u up to :at ,i h call$ ',! ,int]national ,m9d4' ,:5 ,joseph ,*amb]la9 began 8 campaign aft] return+ f ,s\? ,africa 8 keynote 01 ',le>n to ?9k imp]ially4' ,i ?9k ours %\ld be1 ',le>n to ?9k int]nationally1' to see ourselves n 9 competition ) ! o!r peoples ( ! _w1 b work+ ) !m t[>d a common end1 ! advance ( civilization4 ,a ,note ( ,optimism4 ,!re are hopeful signs1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ! gloom t hangs ov] u4 ,?9k :at x has meant = ! great nations ( ,europe to h come to u1 z !y h done1 ask+ our favorable public op9ion4 ,we h no army & navy wor?y ( _! fe>s4 ,!y c h be5 induc$ by no?+ save _! conviction t we are ! possessors ( s\nd political ideals & a great moral =ce4 ,9 o!r words1 !y d n want u to fight = !m1 b !y d want u to approve ( !m4 ,!y want u to pass judgm5t ^u ! humanity & ! legality ( _! acts1 because !y feel t our judgm5t w be ! judgm5t ( hi/ory4 ,!re is a lesson 9 ?is4 ,if we _h n repeal$ ! ,panama ,canal ,tolls ,exemption act la/ ,june !y w\ld n h come to u z !y are do+ n[4 ,:o w\ld h c>$ = our op9ion 9 ! matt] ( a treaty violation if1 = m]e f9ancial int]e/ or f %e] vanity1 we ourselves _h violat$ a solemn treaty8 ,:5 ,congress repeal$ ! ,panama ,canal ,tolls ,exemption act x m>k$ an epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is did m ?an ! ,spani% w>1 ?an ! build+ ( ! ,panama ,canal1 or ?an any?+ else ,i ?9k (1 to make u a true _w p[]4 ,z a nation we h kept our ^w :5 sorely tempt$ to break x4 ,we made ,cuba indep5d5t1 we h n exploit$ ! ,philipp9es1 we h /ood by our ^w z to ,panama ,canal tolls4 ,9 consequ5ce we are ! fir/ moral p[] 9 ! _w today4 ,o!rs may be fir/ ) armies1 /ill o!rs fir/ ) navies4 ,b we h made good our "r to be appeal$ to on que/ions ( national & int]national morality4 ,t ,europe is seek+ our favor is ! tribute ( ! ,european nations to ?is fact4 ,a ,new ,_w ,map ,by ,wilhelm ,o/wald4 ,late ,visit+ ,pr(essor to ,h>v>d & ,columbia ,univ]sities f ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipsic4 ,! foll[+ article is extract$ f a lett] writt5 by ,pr(4 ,o/wald to ,edw9 ,d4 ,mead1 ,director ( ! ,_w ,peace ,f\ndation4 ,! w> is ! result ( a delib]ate onslaught ^u ,g]many & ,au/ria by ! p[]s ( ! ,triple ,ent5te--,russia1 ,france1 & ,engl&4 ,its object is on ! "p ( ,russia an ext5sion ( ,russian supremacy ov] ! ,balkans1 on ! side ( ,france rev5ge1 & on ! side ( ,engl& annihilation ( ! ,g]man ,navy & ,g]man comm]ce4 ,9 ,engl& especially x has be5 = sev]al c5turies a con/ant policy to de/roy ^u favor+ occasion e navy ( e o!r c\ntry :i* ?reat5$ to become equal to ! ,engli% ,navy4 ,g]many has prov$ its love ( peace = =ty-f\r ye>s "u ! mo/ try+ circum/ances4 ,:ile all o!r ,/ates h exp&$ !mselves by conque/1 ,russia 9 ,man*uria1 ,engl& 9 ! ,transvaal1 ,france 9 ,morocco1 ,italy 9 ,tripoli1 ,au/ria 9 ,bosnia1 ,japan 9 ,korea1 ,g]many alone has cont5t$ itself ) ! bord]s fix$ 9 #ahga4 ,x is purely a w> ( def5se :i* is n[ =c$ ^u u4 ,9 ! face ( ^! attacks ,g]many has until n[ 7! end ( ,augu/7 prov$ its milit>y sup]iority1 :i* re/s ^u ! fact t ! entire ,g]man milit>y =ce is sci5tifically organiz$ & hone/ly adm9i/]$4 ,! violation ( ,belgian neutrality 0 an act ( milit>y necessity1 s9ce x is n[ prov$ t ,belgian neutrality 0 to be violat$ by ,france & ,engl&4 ,a pro( ( ?is is ! accumulation ( ,engli% munitions 9 ,maubeuge1 aside f _m o!r facts4 ,accord+ to ! c\rse ( ! w> up to ! pres5t "t1 ,european peace seems to me ne>] ?an ev] be=e4 ,we pacifici/s mu/ only und]/& t unhappily ! "t 0 n yet suffici5tly develop$ to e/abli% peace by ! peaceful way4 ,if ,g]many1 z ev]y?+ n[ seems to make probable1 is victori\s 9 ! /ruggle n only ) ,russia & ,france b atta9s ! fur!r end ( de/roy+ ! s\rce f :i* = two or ?ree c5turies all ,european /rifes h be5 n\ri%$ & int5sifi$1 namely1 ! ,engli% policy ( _w dom9ion1 !n w ,g]many1 =tifi$ on "o side by its milit>y sup]iority1 on ! o!r side by ! em95tly peaceful s5tim5t ( ! greate/ "p ( its p1 & especially ( ! ,g]man ,emp]or1 dictate peace to ! re/ ( ,europe1 ,i hope especially t ! future treaty ( peace w 9 ! fir/ place provide effectually t a ,european w> su* z ! pres5t c nev] aga9 break out4 ,i hope1 moreov]1 t ! ,russian p1 aft] ! conque/ ( _! armies1 w free !mselves f ,cz>ism ?r\gh an int]nal movem5t by :i* ! pres5t political ,russia w be resolv$ into its natural units1 namely1 ,great ,russia1 ! ,caucasus1 ,little ,russia1 ,pol&1 ,sib]ia1 & ,f9l&1 to :i* probably ! ,baltic prov9ces w\ld jo9 !mselves4 ,^!1 ,i tru/1 w\ld unite !mselves ) ,f9l& & ,sw$51 & p]haps ) ,norway & ,d5m>k1 into a ,baltic f$]ation1 :i* 9 close connection ) ,g]many w\ld insure ,european peace1 & especially =m a bulw>k aga9/ any disposition to w> :i* might rema9 9 ,great ,brita94 ,= ! o!r side ( ! e>? ,i pr$ict a simil> developm5t "u ! lead]%ip ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i assume t ! ,engli% dom9ion w suff] a d[nfall simil> to t :i* ,i h pr$ict$ = ,russia1 & t "u ^! circum/ances ,canada w\ld jo9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! exp&$ republic assum+ a c]ta9 lead]%ip ) ref]5ce to ! ,s\? ,am]ican republics4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! absolute sov]eignty ( ! individual nations1 :i* 9 ! pres5t ,european tumult has prov$ itself s inadequate & baneful1 mu/ be giv5 up & replac$ by a sy/em con=m+ to ! _w's actual conditions & especially to ^? political & economic relations :i* det]m9e indu/rial & cultural progress & ! common welf>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ni*olas ,,murray ,,butl] ,see ,page #efe ,illu/ration3 ,,ar?ur ,,von ,,bries5 ,see ,page #edh ,! ,v]dict ( ! ,am]ican ,p ,by ,newell ,dwight ,hillis4 ,dr4 ,hillis1 :o occupies ! pulpit ( ,plym\? ,*ur*1 ,brooklyn1 made fam\s by ! pa/orate ( ! late ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]1 deliv]$ ! foll[+ rem>kable s]mon on ! ,european ,w> on ,sunday1 ,dec4 #bj1 #aiad1 *oos+ z 8 text ! words3 ,f :5ce come w>s8 ,come !y n f y\r own lu/s8 ,ne>ly five mon?s h n[ pass$ by s9ce ! ,g]man ,army invad$ ,belgium & ,france4 ,^! #adj days h be5 pack$ ) ?rill+ & mom5t\s ev5ts4 ,:ile f _! safe vantage gr\nd ! ,am]ican p h survey$ ! sc5e1 an old rgime has lit]ally crumbl$ "u our v eyes4 ,europe is a loom on ^: e>!n framework demiurgic =ces l ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 ,bism>ck1 & ,napoleon once wove ! texture ( ,european civilization4 ,n[ ! demon ( w> has1 ) hot knife1 %orn away ! texture1 & a mod]n ,cz> & ,kais]1 ,k+ & ,presid5t1 ) ,g5]als & ,admirals1 are weav+ ! w>p & wo( ( a new _w4 ,"o hundr$ ye>s ago ! =ces t br$ w>s 7 political =ces2 today ! collision betwe5 nations is born ( economic int]e/s4 ,! tw5tie? c5tury influ5ces are *iefly ! =ce ( weal? & ! =ce ( public op9ion4 ,^! are ! giant /e$s1 ?\gh ! re9s ( ! horses may be 9 ! h&s ( ,k+s & ,kais]s4 ,9 ,napoleon's day antagonism grew out ( ! natural hatr$ ( autocracy = democracy1 ( ,g]man imp]ialism = ,fr5* radicalism4 ,today ,g]many is n ev5 int]e/$ 9 ,france's republican =m ( ,gov]nm5t1 nor is ,france conc]n$ ) ,g]many's imp]ial autocrat4 ,b all ,europe is int5sely conc]n$ ) ! "q ( economic supremacy or f9ancial subord9ation4 ,ev] s9ce ,oliv] ,cromwell's day ,engl& has be5 ! mi/ress ( ! seas1 & ,g]many is envi\s & believes t %e has a "r to supplant ,engl& 9 ?is naval lead]%ip4 ,france has long be5 ! bank] ( ,europe1 & ,g]many covets f9ancial lead]%ip4 ,f :5ce come w>s8 ,come !y n f m5's lu/s8 ,n[ t long "t has pass$1 x is q c]ta9 t nei!r ,napoleon nor ,bism>ck nor ,william ,,ii4 und]/ood ! future4 ,x is a prov]b t ye/]day is a se$1 today ! /alk1 & tomorr[ is ! full corn 9 ! e>4 ,napoleon 0 a practical man1 b he c\ld n see ! %ock 9 ! se$4 ,:5 ,napoleon said1 ,"o hundr$ ye>s f n[ ,europe w be all republican or all ,cossack--,napoleon 0 q wrong4 ,=ty ye>s ago ,bism>ck said t he _h r$uc$ ,france to ! level ( a f\r?-class nation1 & t h5ce=? ,france did n c\nt2 :ile z = ! ,balkan ,/ates1 ! :ole ,ea/]n "q is n wor? ! bones ( a ,pom]anian gr5adi]--,bism>ck 0 q wrong4 ,! pres5t ,kais] has no imag9ation4 ,a man ( any prevision ( ! future might h =ese5 t any attack ^u ,engl& w\ld settle ! ,iri% "q2 t any treaty ) ,turkey w\ld =ce ,italy1 z ,turkey's enemy 9 ! late ,italian-,turki% w>1 to break ) ,g]many2 any man ) ! lea/ in/9ct = diplomacy might h kn[n t ! tw5tie? c5tury man is s inc5s$ by an enemy's trespass ^u 8 prop]ty1 t ,belgium w\ld h resi/$ encroa*m5t1 & s co/ ,g]many ! be/ ?ree weeks ( ! entire w>4 ,if ! hi/ory ( great w>s tells u any?+1 x tells u t ! fir/ qualification ( ! /atesman & diplomat is an intuitive k ( a future t is ! c]ta9 outcome ( ! pres5t4 ,!re has be5 no =esight on ! "p ( ! mak]s & advis]s ( ?is w>4 ,ye>s ago1 :5 ! ,au/rian ,emp]or visit$ ,innsbruck1 ! ,burgoma/] ord]$ =e/]s to g up on ! m\nta9 sides & cut c]ta9 swa?s ( bru%4 ,at ! mom5t ! man ) 8 axe did n "k :at he 0 do+1 b :5 ! night fell1 & ! tor* 0 lift$ on ! b\ghs1 ! p 9 ! city bel[ read ^! words writt5 9 lett]s ( fire1 ,welcome to our ,emp]or4 ,today ! demon ( w> has be5 writ+ ) blaz+ lett]s c]ta9 lessons ^u ! hills & valleys ( ,europe1 & =tunate is t y\? :o c read ! writ+ & int]pret aright ! lessons ( ! times4 ,! p ( ! republic n[ realize = ! fir/ "t :at are ! inevitable fruits ( imp]ialism & milit>ism4 ,"o ( ! p]ils ( ,am]ica's di/ance f ! sc5es ( autocracy is t our p h come to ?9k t ! =ms ( gov]nm5t are ( little importance4 ,we he> x said t climate det]m9es gov]nm5t & t "o nation likes autocracy & ano!r limit$ mon>*y1 t we l democracy self-gov]nm5t1 & t ! p are ab\t z happy "u "o =m ( control z ano!r4 ,?is misconception is bas$ ^u a failure to und]/& =eign imp]ialism4 ,sup]ficially1 ! fruits ( autocracy are effici5cy1 indu/rial weal?1 & milit>y p[]4 ,b n[1 aft] ne>ly five mon?s ( con/ant discussion1 our p und]/& ?or\ghly ! o!r side ( imp]ialism4 ,! #f1jjj1jjj ( ,g]man-,am]icans liv+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 ) _! high type ( "*1 millions :o h left _! native l& to escape s]vice 9 ! army1 ! burd5s ( taxation involv$ 9 milit>ism1 & ! law ( lse maje/1 %\ld h op5$ our eyes long ago4 ,dur+ ! la/ five ye>s ,i h lectur$ 9 m ?an "o hundr$ cities on ! ,new ,g]many & ! lessons d]iv$ f h] indu/rial effici5cy1 ) ! application ( sci5ce to ! production ( weal?1 b ,i did n appreciate fully ! f>-(f h>ve/ ( milit>ism4 ,&1 le/ an ,am]ican ov]/ate ! mean+ ( milit>ism1 let me cond5se ,treits*ke's view4 ,he holds t ! nation %\ld be look$ ^u z a va/ milit>y eng9e2 t its rul] %\ld be ! comm&] ( ! army2 t 8 ,cab9et %\ld be "u ,g5]als2 t ! :ole nation %\ld m>* ) ! =ce ( an arm$ regim5t2 t ! real s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! s9 ( milit>y impot5ce2 t su* an army %\ld take all x wants & ! t]ritory x ne$s & expla9 aft]w>d4 ,manufactur]s are ess5tially inv5tors ( cannons & guns & dreadn\ghts1 incid5tally self-support+ m54 ,bank]s are "h to f9ance ! army & incid5tally to make money4 ,physicians are "h to heal ! w\nd$ soldi]s4 ,gymnasiums are f\nd$ to tra9 soldi]s4 ,wom5 are "h to bre$ soldi]s1 & milit>ism is ! pa? t w br+ ,g]many to h] place 9 ! sun4 ,! y\? is fir/ ( all to be a soldi] & incid5tally to be a man4 ,no "o has indict$ ,g]many's milit>ism 9 /rong] language ?an ! di/+ui%$ ,g]man-,am]ican1 ,c>l ,s*urz4 ,9 words t burn ! great /atesman express$ 8 hatr$ ( ! imp]ialism & milit>ism aga9/ :i* he help$ to organize a revolution t l$ to 8 flight to ?is c\ntry4 ,( late ,am]icans h be5 ask+ !mselves c]ta9 que/ions4 ,! ,am]ican ,ideal vs4 ! ,g]man4 ,:at w be ! result if ,g]many is all[$ to seize any small] ,/ate ^: t]ritory & prop]ty %e covets8 ,is all ,europe to become an arm$ camp8 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is ,g]man pr(essor's article 9 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 writt5 two or ?ree ye>s ago1 9 :i* he says t once %e is victori\s ! ,monroe ,doctr9e w g & ! ,unit$ ,/ates w receive ! ?ra%+ %e s ri*ly des]ves8 ,mu/ we !n g ov] to ! milit>y ideal8 ,if ,g]many supports #h1jjj1jjj soldi]s out ( #ff1jjj1jjj1 mu/ we )draw f productive indu/ry #ab1jjj1jjj m5 = at lea/ two or ?ree ( ! be/ ye>s ( _! "y life8 ,mu/ we />t 9 on a programme ( t5 dreadn\ghts a ye> in/ead ( build+ t5 colleges & univ]sities = ! same sum ( money8 ,( late ,am]icans :o love _! c\ntry h be5 se>*+ _! own he>ts4 ,m]*ants hi!rto busi$ ) comm]ce are ask+ !mselves :i!r ?is c\ntry is drift+4 ,is ,g]many to compel u to become a va/ milit>y ma*9e8 ,?is milit>y "q is a subject ( discussion on ! /reet c>s & 9 ! /ores1 at ! d9+ room table4 ,no articles 9 pap] & magaz9e are s eag]ly read & analyz$4 ,! ,am]ican ideal is n a milit>y ma*9e1 b a high quality ( manhood4 ,to make m5 free1 ) ! gift ( self-expression2 to make m5 wise ?r\gh ! public s*ool & ! free press2 to make m5 self-suffic+ & happy 9 _! homes1 ?r\gh fre$om ( indu/rial contracts2 to make m5 s\nd 9 _! manhood ?r\gh religi\s lib]ty = ,jew & ,g5tile & ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant--^! are our national ideals4 ,am]ica /&s at ! o!r pole ( ! univ]se f imp]ialism & milit>ism4 ,s f> f be+ will+ to des]t ! political fai? ( ! fa!rs1 ?is w> has confirm$ our confid5ce 9 self-gov]nm5t4 ,lib]ty to gr[1 fre$om to climb z high z indu/ry & ability w p]mit1 lib]ty to analyze & discuss ! views ( ,presid5t1 ,congress1 ,gov]nor--^! are our rights4 ,9 a milit>y autocracy !re c be no lib]ty ( ! pr9t+ press4 ,if a man criticises ! ,kais]1 he goes to jail2 9 ?is republic1 if ,horace ,greeley criticises ,abraham ,l9coln1 ,abraham ,l9coln does n s5d ! great editor to jail1 b writes ! latt]1 ,my p>am\nt object is to save ! ,union1 & v9dicates himself at ! b> ( ! nation4 ,an ,am]ican editor or citiz5 w\ld *oke to dea? 9 ,g]many4 ,he c\ld n brea! because ( ! mephitic gases ( imp]ialism & milit>ism4 ,= a long "t "s ( u did n realize :at 0 involv$1 b n[ we d realize ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! fruits ( democratic self-gov]nm5t & ! fruits ( milit>y imp]ialism4 ,! la/ five mon?s h br\ght a new realization to ,am]ican citiz5s z to ! rights & lib]ties ( small ,/ates4 ,9 ! republic ! s9 ( trespass is "o ( ! blacke/ ( s9s4 ,"h we hold to ! sanctity ( prop]ty4 ,a man's home is 8 ca/le1 a citadel t _c be invad$ ev5 by ! p[] ( ! ,/ate4 ,s deep is ! ,am]ican hatr$ ( trespass aga9/ prop]ty rights t imp]ialism f9ds x impossible to und]/& ?is4 ,"h ! individual is a k+ ( k+s 9 8 native "r1 & takes out an injunction aga9/ ! city t wi%es to trespass ^u 8 prop]ty4 ,?is antagonism manife/s itself 9 ! laws t safegu>d ! small %opkeep] aga9/ ! big firm1 & ! small manufactur] aga9/ any company ) its billion doll>s ( capital4 ,?is antagonism to ! s9 ( trespass has l5t a peculi> sanctity to treaties betwe5 ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we h "o hundr$ millions ( p1 & ,canada n9e millions4 ,we ne$ _m ?+s t ,canada has1 b x is intellectually un?9kable t we %\ld take :at we want & expla9 aft]w>d1 or t we %\ld violate our treaty gu>antee+ neutrality to ,canada4 ,our fronti] l9e is ?ree ?\s& miles long4 ,!re is n a =t f ,ma9e to ,victoria4 ,if we adopt$ ,g]many's position we w\ld h to build "o ?\s& =ts1 )draw two million "y m5 f ! f>m1 factory1 /ore & bank1 & load ! work+ p ) taxes to support !m4 ,9 a free l&1 & 9 ,god's _w1 !re %\ld be a place = ! poor man & = ! small nation4 ,9 ! old5 "t !re 0 a k+ :o _h h]ds & flocks1 & a poor man :o _h "o pet lamb4 ,x came to pass t a /rang] claim$ ! "r ( hospitality at ! ri* man's palace1 & ! k+ s5t out & took ! poor man's "o lamb & gave x = food to ! /rang]4 ,&1 soon or late1 ! "t w come :5 hi/ory w tell ! /ory ( ,g]many's tak+ little ,belgium1 & consci5ce1 l a prophet1 w indict ! milit>ism t seiz$ ! "o lamb t belong$ to ! poor man4 ,?is episode is n clos$4 ,! ,g]man repres5tative :o says t ,belgium is a "p ( ,g]many may be "r 9 t]ms ( future gov]nm5t & w>1 b ! incid5t has j begun 9 ! memory ( ! soldi]s :o nev] c =get t !y fir/ broke _! sacr$ treaty1 & !n1 :5 ! ,belgian def5d$ 8 home z 8 ca/le1 but*]$ ! man1 :o di$ ) a sacr$ treaty 9 8 h&4 ,:y1 all ov] ?is l&1 tea*]s1 fa!rs1 editors1 au?ors1 h f\nd x necess>y to say to ! "y m5 & wom5 ( ! republic1 ,d n sign y\r "n to an obligation unless y int5d to keep x4 ,keep y\r fai?4 ,rememb] t y\r ^w giv5 %\ld be z good z y\r bond4 ,swe> to y\r own hurt1 & *ange n4 ,all ?is is inevitable1 z ! result ( ,g]many's trespass ^u ! prop]ty & ! homes ( ,belgium4 ,9 "s ,european l&s ! ,/ate is ev]y?+ & ! individual no?+4 ,9 ?is republic ! individual is fir/1 & ! ,/ate is "h to safegu>d 8 rights & see to x t no "o trespasses ^u 8 prop]ty4 ,! "t w come :5 ! nation t breaks its treaties & s[s to ! w9d %all ( t w9d reap ! :irlw9d4 ,x is an awful ?+ = a nation to make x inevitable t h]eaft] :5 o!r p sign a treaty ) t c\ntry1 t our repres5tatives %all say3 ,be=e we sign ?is treaty ) y1 we wi% to ask "o "q4 ,lat]1 if x is to y\r int]e/ to break ?is treaty1 is ?is docum5t to be sne]$ at z a scrap ( pap]8 ,or does ?is treaty mean ! fai? ( a nation t w die r ?an break its ^w1 giv5 be=e ! tribunal ( civiliz$ ,/ates8 ,! ,dea? ( ! ,tribal ,god ,idea4 ,?is great w> & "o or two ( ! lead]s !re( h kill$ ! old tribal idea ( ,god4 ,9 ! tw5tie? c5tury x seems almo/ ludicr\s to f9d t ! conception ( ! anci5t ,hebrews is /ill held by "s rul]s4 ,be ! reasons :at !y may1 ( late !re has be5 a /range recrudesc5ce ( ! tribal ,god idea4 ,?is is ! tw5tie? c5tury1 n ! t5?6 ,?9k ( a man s5d+ 8 soldi]s into ,belgium1 say+1 ,make y\rselves z t]rible z ! ,huns ( ,attila1 & ! ,"l our ,god w give y victory4 ,j z if ,god 7 n ! ,god ( ! :ole e>?1 a dis9t]e/$ ,god1 a ,god :o makes ,8 sun to %9e & ,8 ra9 to fall ^u all ,8 *ildr51 )\t reg>d to race or clime or color4 ,:y1 x is z artless z ! way ! old ,hebrew peasant call$ on ,god to bla/ 8 enemy's field1 & dr[n 8 *ildr5 ) floods1 & smite 8 h]ds ) ! plague4 ,! tribal idea ( ,god belongs ) ! ox c>t1 ! m$ic9e man1 ! cave dwell]4 ,?is is an era ( sci5ce4 ,:atev] is true is univ]sal1 n racial4 ,if ! he>t beats & ! blood circulates 9 a ,g]man soldi]'s ve9s1 ! blood fl[s 9 ! ve9s ( ! p ( ,engl& & ,france4 ,if ! e>? goes ar\nd ! sun 9 ,b]l91 ! e>? goes ar\nd ! sun 9 ,petrograd & ,ed9burgh4 ,if !re are sev5 rays 9 ! sunbeam1 :y1 ! discussion is clos$1 & x is a univ]sal fact4 ,& if ,jesus 0 "r :5 ,he said1 ,god is our ,fa!r1 & all ! races are our bro!rs1 & ! _w has be5 fitt$ up by ,god z an ,ed5 g>d5 = ,8 *ildr51 !n no man or rul] %\ld ev] adopt ! view ( ! peasant & ! cave man1 & try to make ! ,et]nal ,god a tribal ,god4 ,! unconsci\s humor 9 ! /atem5ts ( "o or two m5 z to _! tribal ,god idea has add$ to ! gayety ( nations4 ,b :5 any view is laugh$ at1 x is doom$4 ,f ! v mom5t t ! doctr9e ( election1 t made ,god love a few ari/ocrats & pass ! non-elect by1 became a matt] ( joke 9 ! comic pap]s1 t !ory 0 dead4 ,n o!rwise is x ) ?is idea ( a tribal ,god4 ,:5 ,b>ry ,pa9e beg9s to say1 ,l$ by ,william1 z y tell1 ,god has done extremely well1 ! tribal idea has be5 relegat$ to ! !ological scrap-heap4 ,! peasant's view mu/ g4 ,9 ?is age m5 mu/ be citiz5s ( all c\ntries & ( ! univ]se4 ,god is a sun ,:o %9es = ! poor man's hut z truly z = ! ri* man's palace4 ,! ,judge ( all ! e>? is also ! ,fa!r ( all ! races1 & ,he w d m5 good & n evil4 ,9 view ( ! ev5ts ( ! la/ few mon?s1 all ,am]icans n[ realize z nev] be=e ! futility ( w> z a means ( settl+ disputes4 ,inde$1 x may be d\bt$ :e!r any w> has ev] settl$ any "q4 ,defeat did n conv9ce ! ,s\? t !y 7 wrong 9 _! idea ( ,/ate rights or slav]y4 ,if ! ,s\? has giv5 up bo? ideas today x is because "t1 ev5ts1 & social progress h *ang$ _! view1 n because ! sword conv9c$ !m4 ,bism>ck's victory at ,v]sailles & von ,moltke's at ,s$an did n settle ! dispute ) ,france4 ,to keep "o billion doll>s ( indemnity ,g]many mu/ h sp5t five billions on =ts & armies 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,alsace & ,lorra9e4 ,g]many's app>5t victory simply put ,g]many's tr\ble ) ,france out at comp\nd int]e/1 & left ! next g5]ation ( ,g]mans to pay sev]al billions ( doll>s ( accru$ debt ?r\gh hatr$4 ,pla9ly x is folly n to recon/itute ! map ( ,europe4 ,! fronti] l9es ( ! geograph] %\ld exactly co9cide ) ! racial l9es4 ,! ,g]man race1 ) _! peculi> ideals1 ought n to try to gov]n ! ,fr5* race4 ,x is an exp5sive exp]im5t4 ,x is an impossible exp]im5t4 ,! plan is doom$ to failure 9 advance4 ,& :5 ! day ( paym5t comes x is q c]ta9 t ! que/ions at issue w n h be5 settl$ by regim5ts ( soldi]s4 ,!y mu/ f9ally be settl$ by an appeal to "s c\rt ( arbitration t w d ju/ice & love m]cy2 t w insi/ ^u ! rights ( ! small] ,/ates1 & make x impossible = ! great ones ( ! e>? to trespass ^u ! prop]ty & ! lib]ties ( brave little peoples4 ,imp]ialism ,confuses ,m5's ,judgm5ts4 ,out ( ! smoke ( battle ano!r lesson is writt5 = all :o h eyes to read4 ,9 view ( ! mi/akes made by m5 :o h absolute p[] x is n[ c]ta9 t exemption f criticism is a bad ?+ = any man1 & t endless adoration de/roys ! rul]'s p[] to ?9k 9 /raight l9es4 ,!re nev] liv$ a man :o 0 n injur$ by p]petual complim5ts4 ,/rong m5 are will+ to pay ca% = criticism4 ,flatt]y w conceal ! weakness1 & !y "k t pitiless criticism w expose ! dang] & p]haps save !m4 ,no man is s un=tunate z ! man :o is put on a ?rone lift$ up beyond ! rea* ( pla9 tru? tell+4 ,x is d\btful if s _m blund]s 7 ev] made by /atesm5 & diplomats z 7 made at ! beg9n+ ( ?is w>4 ,j ?9k ( "o ,gov]nm5t be+ wrong 9 all ^! p>ticul>s at ! same "t6 ,l9coln said1 ,y c't fool all ( ! p all ( ! "t4 ,yes1 t may be true 9 a republic1 b y c]ta9ly c fool all ! diplomats & ,g5]als & d x all ! "t--dur+ ,july & ,augu/1 9 any ev5t4 ,call ! roll ( ! diplomatic blund]s1 & ! li/ is long4 ,fir/1 ,engl& w be neutral & ,irel& w keep h] f go+ to w>2 second1 ,italy w be our ally2 ?ird1 ,belgium w be neutral & all[ u to trespass ^u h] prop]ty & h] homes2 f\r?1 ,france is unprep>$ & ,p>is w fall )9 ?ree weeks2 fif?1 an alliance ) ,turkey1 despite h] polygamy & but*]ies 9 ,arm5ia & ! civiliz$ _w's hatr$ = h] cruelties1 w help u2 six?1 ,japan w hold ,russia 9 *eck2 sev5?1 ! ,cz> w be attack$ by ,bulg>ia1 ,italy1 & ,*9a4 ,x seems incr$ible t any rul] & gr\p ( diplomats c\ld be s entirely wrong1 all ! "t1 on e "q1 = a :ole ,summ]6 ,0 !re no man z diplomat :o _h ! wisdom to see t an attack ^u ,engl& w\ld end ! disputes 9 ,irel&8 ,& b9d toge!r ,canada1 ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,s\? ,africa1 ,india into a new ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,great ,brita98 ,0 !re no /atesman ) en\gh prevision ( ! future1 & ) c\rage to tell ! p 9 ,wilhelm/rasse t ! c]ta9 result w\ld be ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,balkany1 to /& h5ce=? z a b>ri] betwe5 ,g]many & ! ,bosphorus8 ,0 !re no "o to rem9d ,b]l9 t ,italy _h j complet$ a w> ) ,turkey & t any treaty ) ,turkey meant inevitably ! break+ ( fri5d%ip ) ,italy8 ,alas6 = ! man :o is elevat$ to a ?rone1 9 ^: pres5ce m5 burn inc5se1 p\r =? flatt]y t he may brea! its p]fume1 s+ songs ( praise t he may slumb]6 ,9 conclud+ our survey ( ! nations & ! /ake ( ea* c\ntry 9 ! w>1 !re is "o reflection t mu/ be obvi\s to all ?9k+ m54 ,?is little fire ( la/ ,augu/ has become a _w conflagration4 ,! nation t fir/ s5t out h] armies 0 ,g]many4 ,!re is a high-wat] m>k ( battle 9 e w>1 & aft] t1 ! invad+ waves beg9 _! retreat4 ,! high-wat] m>k ( ,napoleon's 0 ,au/]litz & ! waves ebb$ away at ,wat]loo4 ,! high-wat] m>k ( ! civil w> 0 ,gettysburg1 & ! tide ebb$ out at ,appomattox4 ,belgium's def5se co/ ,g]many ! ?ree mo/ important weeks ( ! w>1 & h] high-wat] m>k 0 :5 %e 0 )9 tw5ty miles ( ,p>is4 ,occasional eddies & returns ( ! tide !re may be1 b no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t !re are t5 nations & six hundr$ millions ( m5 t _h r die ?an h milit>ism impos$ ^u !mselves & _! *ildr54 ,am]icans :o admire ,g]man effici5cy1 ! ,g]man p1 & want to see ,g]man sci5ce pres]v$1 & feel an immeasurable debt to ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 d n want ,g]many de/roy$4 ,b ,g]many w n li/5 to ,engl&1 nor ,france1 nor ,am]ica4 ,!re is only "o voice t c rea* ,g]many--x is ! voice ( ! ,g]man-,am]icans 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!y are six million /rong4 ,!y are among ! mo/ honor$ & e/eem$ folk 9 ,am]ican life4 ,_! a*ievem5ts are beyond all praise4 ,! ,g]mans h built ,milwaukee & h done mu* = ,/4 ,l\is4 ,! ,g]mans h be5 great =ces 9 ,c9c9nati & ,*icago & ,new ,york4 ,:at weal? among _! bank]s6 ,:at prosp]ity among ,g]man manufactur]s6 ,:at solidity ( manhood 9 ^! ,g]man ,lu!rans6 ,0 !re ev] a f9] body ( f>m+ folk ?an ! ,g]man l&[n]s ( ! ,middle ,we/8 ,! republic owes ! ,g]man-,am]ican a great debt z to lib]ty ?r\gh m5 l ,c>l ,s*urz4 ,take ,m>t9 ,lu!r & ,g]man lib]ty ( ?\ght out ( ! republic & ?is l& w\ld suff] an immeasurable loss4 ,_m ( ^! ,g]man-,am]icans own great e/ates & h inve/m5ts 9 ! ,fa!rl&4 ,today ^! six million ,g]man-,am]icans h ! c5tre ( ! _w's /age4 ,?is w> is a conflagration t w probably burn itself out4 ,b if ! six million ,g]man-,am]icans organize !mselves & hold great meet+s ( prote/ 9 ,new ,york & ,brooklyn & ,*icago & ,milwaukee1 9 ,/4 ,l\is & ,c9c9nati2 if ,g]man-,am]ican editors & bank]s & bus9ess m5 unit$ _! voice1 !y w\ld be he>d4 ,g]man-,am]ican ,man ( ! ,h\r4 ,& d !y n owe some?+ to ?is republic8 ,hav+ come to ! k+dom = su* a crisis z ?is1 %\ld !y n use _! influ5ce ) ! ,fa!rl&8 ,hav+ escap$ conscription & ye>s ( milit>y s]vice1 ) heavy taxation & enjoy$ ! lib]ty ( ! press2 hav+ become conv9c$ t milit>ism does n promote ! prosp]ity & manhood ( ! p1 :y %\ld !y n z "o man ask ! ,fa!rl& n[ to pres5t _! cause to arbitrators8 ,to no body ( ,am]ican citiz5s has !re ev] come a m /rategic opportunity1 or a responsibility s heavy4 ,"s ( ! mo/ ?\ghtful m5 9 ?is l& believe t ! de/9y ( ,g]many re/s n[ l>gely ) ! lead]s ( ! #f1jjj1jjj ,g]man-,am]icans 9 our c\ntry4 ,b no matt] :at ! outcome1 let no man ?9k t ,god & ju/ice are n fully equal to ?is em]g5cy4 ,! great v9e ( ,lib]ty 0 plant$ by ,div9e h&s 9 ! ,ed5 g>d54 ,j n[ m5 are fe$+ ! blossoms ( ! tree ( life to _! w> horses & splitt+ ! b\ghs ( t tree into %afts = _! spe>s4 ,! /orm ro>s ?r\gh ! bran*es1 b ! /orm w die out4 ,bett] days are com+4 ,x may be t ! convulsion ( w> w d = ,europe :at ! e>?quake did = ! rude folk ( ,greece--crack$ ! solid rock & expos$ ! silv] ve9s t gave ! weal? ) :i* rude m5 built ,a!ns1 ) its art1 its lit]ature1 its law & its lib]ty4 ,take no c\nsel ( cr\*+ fe>1 ,god is abroad 9 ! _w4 ,) ,him a ?\s& ye>s are z "o day4 ,:5 a long "t has pass$ let u believe t self-gov]nm5t w be f\nd to be ! mo/ /able =m ( gov]nm5t1 & t ^! gold5 words1 ,lib]ty1 ,opportunity1 ,intellig5ce1 & ,integrity1 w be ! wat*-words n only ( ! republic1 b ( all ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,int]view ,) ,dr4 ,hillis ,f ! ,brooklyn ,eagle4 ,a frank decl>ation t he 0 oppos$ to ,g]many 9 ! pres5t great w> 0 ! answ] return$ today ,dec4 #ba1 #aiad by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,newell ,dwight ,hillis to ! prote/s aga9/ 8 s]mon at ,plym\? ,*ur* la/ night1 9 :i* he scor$ milit>ism & ! ,kais]4 ,n only did ,dr4 ,hillis come out ) ! /atem5t t he _h said & meant all to :i* exception 0 tak5 9 8 s]mon1 b1 9 an int]view today 9 8 /udy1 9 ! ,arbuckle ,in/itute1 he ass]t$ z well t he _h told b little ( :at he _h come to believe ab\t ,g]many4 ,?is position1 he said1 0 t ,am]ica & all ! _w mu/ hope = ,g]man defeat1 & mu/ see t ,g]many 0 9 ! wrong4 ,i 0 = ,g]many five mon?s ago1 said ,dr4 ,hillis4 ,i h be5 lectur+ = five ye>s ab\t ! lessons we might le>n f ,g]many4 ,five mon?s ago1 x may be rememb]$1 ,i gave an int]view1 9 :i* ,i prais$ ,g]many & 9 :i* ,i took ! "p ( ! ,g]man p 9 ! dreadful w> t _h come4 ,b ,i h *ang$ my m9d4 ,i h se5 t ,i 0 mi/ak54 ,sev]al mon?s ago ,i gave in/ructions to my lecture bureau to )draw my lecture1 ',! ,new ,g]many1' f my li/4 ,t 0 ab\t ! middle ( ,septemb]1 & x 0 only !n t ,i realiz$ :at a ,g]man success w\ld mean to ! _w--h[ !re c\ld be no?+ else b a _w ( arm$ camps1 h[ we 9 ?is c\ntry1 too1 w\ld h to adopt milit>ism 9 ord] to live4 ,j prior to t "t1 9 ! fir/ ( my ,sunday ev5+ s]mons 9 ?is c\rse1 ,i _h prais$ ! ,kais]4 ,i believ$ 9 ! ,g]man ideals1 ,i believ$ 9 ,g]man progress1 ,g]man inv5tions1 ,g]man pr9ciples4 ,b ,i 0 wrong4 ,i h n[ become conv9c$ ( :at ,i nev] imag9$ be=e--t 9 ! ,g]man viewpo9t ! only s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ is milit>y impot5cy1 &1 to use ,treits*ke's words aga91 ! only virtue is milit>ism4 ,! pa/or ( ,plym\? utt]$ ?is attack ^u ,g]many ) a scornfulness :i* ! pr9t$ ^w c h>dly indicate4 ,he 0 z /rongly aga9/ ,g]many--m /rongly aga9/ ,g]many n[ ?an he _h be=e be5 9 favor ( ,g]many1 he said4 ,x 0 a position1 he said1 to :i* ev]ybody 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 turn+1 & x 0 inevitable t ,g]many %\ld f9d ! _w aga9/ h]4 ,9 8 frank av[al ( 8 position reg>d+ ,g]many & ! ,kais]1 ,dr4 ,hillis admitt$1 too1 t 8 s]mon la/ night _h conta9$ m ?an appe>$ on ! surface4 ,:5 he /at$ 9 ! s]mon t no man or rul] %\ld ev] adopt ! view ( ! peasant & ! cave man1 & try to make ! ,et]nal ,god a tribal ,god1 he _h ! ,kais] 9 m9d1 said ,dr4 ,hillis4 ,! s]mon is publi%$ 9 full 9 today's s]mon pages ( ,! ,eagle4 ,9 addition1 ,dr4 ,hillis said t :ile he believ$ t 8 s]mon c\ld n be consid]$ 9 any way a violation ( ,presid5t ,wilson's appeal = neutrality1 yet1 indirectly1 ! passages to :i* exception _h be5 tak5 c\ld be rightly con/ru$ z an attack ^u ,g]many & ! ,kais]4 ,y believe t x is "r = a m9i/] to use ! pulpit to express 8 own views ^u a subject l ?is8 0 ask$4 ,i d n believe t x is "r = a m9i/] to air 8 peculi> political views ^u any subject--p]sonal1 social1 or economic1 answ]$ ,dr4 ,hillis1 emphatically4 ,! *ur* is a cons]vatory :]e a w>m1 g5ial atmosph]e %\ld be creat$4 ,my conception ( ! "w ( a m9i/] is t he is to create an atmosph]e 9 ! *ur* on ,sunday s t ! ,republican ) ! t>iff1 ! ,democrat :o believes 9 free trade1 & ! ,s+le ,tax] c all gr[ & express _! judgm5t dur+ ! week4 ,! sun & ! ,summ] %9e = all k9ds ( se$s & roots1 & ! m9i/] & ! *ur* %\ld create an atmosph]e 9 :i* all temp]am5ts & races & fai?s c gr[4 ,x is q true t !re 7 "s ( my ,g]man fri5ds & memb]s :o r prote/$ aga9/ my view la/ night4 ,b !y _h ! same "r & lib]ty to prote/ t ,i h4 ,a ,g]man physician told me pla9ly t he ?\ght t )9 six mon?s ,i w\ld *ange my view1 & ) ! new light g ov] to ! position ( 8 native l&1 & ev5 ?\ght t ,i might retract all my /udies1 t are app>5tly prejudic$ 9 favor ( ! republic & self-gov]nm5t & ! lib]ty ( ! press4 ,well1 if ,i d *ange my views & am conv]t$ to 8 viewpo9t1 ,i c]ta9ly w retract my /atem5ts4 ,b ,i ?9k ?is improbable4 ,! task ( conv]t+ me %\ld be let out z a ,gov]nm5t contract--9 piecemeal4 ,dr4 ,hillis 0 rem9d$ "h t a numb] ( p 7 said to h left ! *ur* la/ night 9 ! c\rse ( 8 s]mon z a sign ( prote/ aga9/ ! expression ( 8 views4 ,ask$ if x 7 true1 ,dr4 ,hillis answ]$3 ,i did n see _m leave1 & !n decl>$ t x 0 impossible to imag9e t w> %\ld n be discuss$ 9 ! *ur*es z x 0 be+ discuss$ ev]y:]e else4 ,he cont9u$ ) ! ass]tion t he believ$ x 0 8 duty z ! m9i/] ( ,plym\? ,*ur* to say :at he _h1 & !n made ?is ass]tion ) a vehem5ce t 0 almo/ />tl+3 ,:5ev] ! "t comes t ,i h to add ,god & ! devil toge!r & divide by two 9 ! "n ( neutrality1 ,i'll )draw4 ,i'm n go+ to sacrifice my manhood = :at "s p call neutrality4 ,x 0 on ?is score t ,dr4 ,hillis came out ) 8 unequivocal decl>ation t he 0 aga9/ ,g]many & aga9/ ! ,kais]4 ,he ass]t$ t ! viewpo9t ( ! ,g]man p w\ld h to be *ang$ if !y 7 to take ! place 9 ! _w he _h ?\ght _! due1 five mon?s ago1 & he /at$ !re c\ld be no d\bt b t ! w> 0 occasion$ by ,g]many's lu/ = p[]--political1 indu/rial1 economic4 ,i believe t ! real issue ( ?is w> is l>gely indu/rial1 cont9u$ ,dr4 ,hillis4 ,x is an indu/rial w> & n a political w>4 ,"s days ago ,i said t ! real fight betwe5 ,g]many & ! nations oppos$ to h] 0 a fight = ! possession ( ! iron fields rec5tly discov]$ 9 ,nor!rn ,france4 ,t /atem5t reg>d+ ,g]many's iron deposits & ! :ole economic situation has be5 *all5g$4 ,in/ead ( modify+ my position1 ,i wi% to reaffirm x4 ,?is is an age ( /eel4 ,)\t hematite iron deposits ,g]many _c build h] /eam%ips1 h] cannon1 h] railways1 h] factories4 ,g]man eng9e]s h be5 say+ = five ye>s t ano!r five ye>s w exhau/ h] pres5t iron supply4 ,on ,page #bba ( ! volume ',problems ( ,p[]1' ! au?or says t )9 a g5]ation #bj1jjj1jjj ( ,g]many's p w h to leave _! native l&4 ,! pressure ( iron & ! call ( /eel l$ to ,g]many's developm5t ( ! ,morocco situation1 :]e !re are valuable iron m9es4 ,a %ort "t ago ,fr5* eng9e]s discov]$ ! l>ge/ & ri*e/ body ( iron ore 9 ,europe4 ,full]ton1 9 8 book on ! subject1 expresses ! judgm5t t "o prov9ce has en\gh hematite iron ore to la/ ,europe = ! next #aej ye>s4 ,?is diplomat & au?or said pla9ly two ye>s ago1 9 "o ( 8 review articles1 t ,g]many w\ld g to w> to obta9 ! iron deposits 9 ,nor!rn ,france1 & t if %e loses ! w>1 %e w fall beh9d 9 ! manufactur+ race1 & t ! ,fr5* bank]s & ,fr5* eng9e]s w make ,france ! great manufactur+ =ce & ! ri*e/ p 9 ,europe4 ,! ,napoleonic w>s 7 w>s betwe5 political ideas4 ,! collision 0 betwe5 autocracy & bureaucracy & ,fr5* democracy & radicalism4 ,! new antagonism gr[s out ( economic conditions4 ,g]many wants to sup]s$e ,engl& ^u ! seas1 & ,g]many wants ! iron m9es ( ,france1 & ?is is ! :ole situation 9 a nut%ell4 ,no1 ,i am n s9n+ aga9/ ! law ( neutrality4 ,i am try+ to fre%5 ! old ,am]ican ideals ( self-gov]nm5t = ! "y m5 & wom5 9 ,plym\? ,*ur*4 ,if ! :ole-he>t$ support ( ,am]ica's free in/itutions involves indirectly a diss5t f imp]ialism & milit>ism1 ,i am n responsible4 ,i admit !re is a necess>y condemnation ( autocracy involv$ 9 ! m]e publication ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,ours is a ,gov]nm5t ( laws & n ( m51 & ,i h be5 discuss+ ! pr9ciples ( self-gov]nm5t & n rul]s :o repres5t imp]ialism4 ,neutrality does n mean ! wip+ out ( conviction4 ,!re are "s m5 :o ?9k t neutrality means add+ ,god & ! devil toge!r & divid+ by two4 ,& !re are "s /atesm5 :o seem to ?9k t neutrality means add+ toge!r autocracy & democracy1 & halv+ ! result4 ,i d n %>e t view4 ,i believe x is ! fir/ duty ( ! ,g]man-,am]ican & ! native-born ,am]ican to uphold ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( self-gov]nm5t1 & ( an indu/rial civilization z oppos$ to a milit>y ma*9e1 & if ?is means prote/ & criticism1 !n t prote/ mu/ be accept$4 ,,tipp]>y4 ,by ,,john ,b4 ,,k5n$y4 7,at ! o!r end ( ! long1 long road47 ,:o is x /&s at ! full o' ! door8 ,m>y ,o',fay1 ,"m ,o',fay4 ,an' :at is %e wat*+ an' wait+ =8 ,o*1 none b h] s\l c say4 ,!re's a li/ 9 ! ,po/ ,(fice long an' black1 ,) tid+s bad1 & woeful sad2 ,! names ( ! boys :o'll ne'er come back1 ,an' "o is h] d>l+ lad4 ,we %[$ h] ! li/2 b %e _c read1 ,s we told h] true1 yes1 we told h] true4 ,h] old eyes />$ till !y'd almo/ ble$1 ,an' %e swore t none ( u knew4 ,%e's wait+ n[ = ,fa!r ,o',toole1 ,till he goes h] way at ! noon ( day4 ,%e's simp]9' :ite--! poor old fool1 ,= %e kn[s :at ! prie/'ll say4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:o is x sprawls ^u ! sod ,at ! break o' day8 ,x's ,mickey ,o',fay2 ,8 eyes gl>e up to ! walls ( ,god1 ,& half ( 8 head is bl[n away4 ,:at is he do+ 9 t /range place1 ,torn & %r$1 & murd]$ dead8 ,he's s+9' ! psalm ( ! fight+ race ,z 8 s\l so>s wide o'erhead4 ,he kill$ ?ree foem5 be=e he fell 7,o*1 ! toll he'd take & ! skulls he'd break67 ,& he %riek$ l a s\l escap$ f ,hell ,z he di$ = ! ,sass5a*'s sake4 ,:o %all we blame = ! awful ?+-- ,= ! blood t fl[s & ! he>t-wrung ?roes8 ,kais] or ,cz>2 /atesman or ,k+8 ,o*1 leave x to ,him ,:o ,kn[s6 ,z ,am]ica ,sees ! ,w> ,by ,h>old ,begbie4 ,i4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e h[ ,am]ican public op9ion conc]n+ ! w> is runn+1 ,! ,london ,daily ,*ronicle s5t ,mr4 ,begbie to ?is c\ntry4 ,! two articles pr9t$ bel[ appe>$ 9 ,! ,*ronicle4 ,e day ( my soj\rn 9 ?is c\ntry deep5s ! desire 9 my m9d to see an increas+ unity ( und]/&+ betwe5 ,am]ica & ,engl&4 ,i feel t ! audacity ( ,am]ica1 its passion = ! ,"r ,?+1 & its impati5ce ) ! _s ( muddl+ ?r\gh are ! f9e/ inc5tives = mod]n ,engl&1 ,engl& at ?is dawn ( h] political r5asc5ce4 ,i feel1 too1 z ,am]icans !mselves mo/ will+ly ackn[l$ge1 t ,great ,brita9 has some?+ to give to ,am]ica out ( ! anci5t treasury ( h] dome/ic exp]i5ce4 ,f9ally1 ,i l ,am]icans s he>tily t ,i want to be ! be/ ( fri5ds ) !m4 ,b x 0 only la/ night 9 ?is old & mighty city ( ,philadelphia t ! greate/ ( reasons = an alliance 0 br\ght %>ply home to my m9d4 ,i _h ?\ght1 loosely en\gh1 t s9ce we speak ! same language1 %>e _m ( ! same traditions1 & equally desire peace = ! prosp]ity ( our trade1 surely "s alliance betwe5 u 0 natural1 & ) a little ef=t might be made inevitable4 ,! deep]1 m political1 & f> gr&] reason = ?is comrade%ip betwe5 ! two nations _h nev] def9itely %ap$ itself to my consci\sness4 ,enlight5m5t came to me 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation ) two ?\ghtful ,philadelphians ^: m9ds are c5tr$ on some?+ :i* transc5ds patriotism & :o "w ) f9e c\rage & rem>kable ability = ! triumph ( _! idea4 ,"o ( ^! m5 said to me3 ,y speak ( an alliance betwe5 ,engl& & ,am]ica2 d y m9d tell+ u :at y mean by t t]m alliance8 ,i expla9$ t ,i _h no ?\ght 9 my m9d ( treaties & t>iffs2 t ! ^w alliance meant no?+ m to me ?an consci\s fri5d%ip1 & t su* a disposition betwe5 two nations ?9k+ 9 ! same language1 speak+ & writ+ ! same language1 mu/ result1 ,i ?\ght1 9 an ev]-multiply+ volume ( trade1 to ! great advantage ( bo? p>ties4 ,?9ks ,little ( ,blood ,ties4 ,out ( ?is explanation came ! foll[+ /atem5t1 made by ! second ,philadelphian3 ,i am z desir\s z y are = su* an und]/&+4 ,i desire x s greatly t ,i v5ture to (f] y a w>n+ on ! subject4 ,x w\ld be a mi/ake on y\r "p1 ,i am conv9c$1 to advocate any su* fri5d%ip1 any su* und]/&+1 any su* alliance1 if y pref] t ^w1 on ! score ( blood ties or a common spee*4 ,believe me1 ! ,am]ican1 to speak g5]ally1 ?9ks v little ( su* matt]s4 ,:5 ,am]ica 0 f> m ,engli% 9 its population ?an x is n[ sc>cely any c\ntry 0 m unpopul> ) u ?an y\r c\ntry4 ,i c rememb] :5 hatr$ = ,engl& 0 a k9d ( gospel ) ,am]icans4 ,! ,iri% fann$ t hatr$4 ,y\r c\ntry _h behav$ badly t[>d u1 w> _h left its sc> on our memories1 we rejoic$ t we _h ?r[n (f a yoke :i* we felt to be def9itely tyrann\s4 ,:at1 !n1 has produc$ ! *ange 9 ,am]ica--,am]ica1 ^: population is n[ made up f ne>ly all ! nations ( ! e>?8 ,h y\r p ?\ght :y we are on _! side 9 ?is pres5t w>8 ,h !y ask$ !mselves t "q8 ,if s1 & !y h answ]$ x ) su* a phrase z 'blood is ?ick] ?an wat]1' ,i c assure y !y give n only a false answ] b an answ] :i* betrays amaz+ ignorance1 if y w =give ! ^w1 ( ?is c\ntry's population4 ,blood ?ick] ?an wat]6 ,:y1 look at our names2 our blood is _w's blood4 ,we're a nation ( all ! nations4 ,! ,engli% elem5t is only "o elem5t4 ,our ance/ors 7 ,fr5*1 ,dut*1 ,g]man1 ,spani%1 ,norwegian1 ,russian1 ,dani%1 ,iri%1 ,greek1 & ,italian4 ,! mod]n ,am]ican citiz5 is no m ,engli% ?an ! ,bo]s ( ,s\? ,africa are ,engli%4 ,& yet 9 ov]:elm+ figures ! ,am]ican population is on ! side ( ! ,allies1 & p>ticul>ly on ! side ( ,engl&4 ,:y8 ,engl& ,/&s = ,democracy4 ,x is1 he cont9u$1 because ,engl& ( all ! nations on ! e>? /&s = ! democratic ideals :i* are ! v brea? ( life to ,am]ica4 ,mod]n ,engl& is = u ! greate/ ( democracies4 ,y lead ! way to ! re/ ( ! _w1 if n 9 sci5ce & art1 at any rate "h 9 ! great bus9ess ( humanity's social exi/5ce4 ,we see t ! old ,engl& ( privilege & ob/9ate pr]ogatives & bull-head$ cons]vatism is dead4 ,all y\r be/ qualities1 /raight deal+1 hone/y1 fe>less ju/ice1 & fai? 9 ! goodness ( human nature are devot$ n[ to ! only ideals :i* c save progress f rot & decay4 ,y\r democracy is ma/]4 ,x has no ov]lords4 ,&1 f :at we c ga!r s9ce ?is w> broke out1 x w\ld seem t y\r ari/ocracy is com+ m & m into l9e ) ! democracy1 mak+ great sacrifices1 %[+ a deep] appreciation ( ! democracy & %$d+ ! wor/ ( its prejudices 9 ! common love ( lib]ty & "r4 ,we hope t y\r ari/ocracy may r5d] z great a s]vice to ! extravagant plutocracy ( ?is c\ntry z y\r democracy has r5d]$ to our democracy4 ,to make life bett]1 t's ! "w ( all intellig5t p4 ,t's :at our democracy is aft]1 &1 because y\r democracy is aft] ! same ?+1 t's :y we are on y\r side 9 ?is w>4 ,"u all ! s5tim5t on ! subject ?is is ! b$rock fact4 ,we're = ,engl& because we're = ! ideals ( democracy4 ,t we speak ! same language is only an accid5t4 ,x's y\r _s we desire to %>e1 ! _s :i* desires to make life k9d]1 sweet]1 bett]1 m beautiful1 & m righte\s4 ,am]ica believes 9 civilization4 ,x doesn't want culture 9 be>sk9 & top boots4 ,x wants civilization1 & civilization means a culture t takes 9 ! :ole ( a man's be+--8 body1 8 m9d1 8 _s4 ,well1 we ?9k y're aft] ! same ideal2 we believe t y're z consci\s ( humanity z we are1 & we beg9 to realize pretty acutely t 9 a _w r b>b>\s on ! :ole1 come to ?9k ( x1 we c't af=d to lose ,engl&4 ,! o!r man add$3 ,g]many /&s = ne>ly ev]y?+ we ,am]icans are oppos$ to1 too? & nail4 ,we j loa! milit>ism4 ,conscription's a ?+ we abom9ate4 ,& feudalism is m dead ov] "h ?an 9 any c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,b be> 9 m9d1 said ! fir/1 we h few p 9 ,am]ica bett] ?an ! ,g]mans4 ,! ,g]mans are almo/ ! mo/ effici5t ( our immigrants4 ,!y've taught u a lot4 ,we owe !m a mighty big debt4 ,be=e _! com+ we 7 prodigals4 ,we us$ up our natural res\rces ) a ru?less disreg>d = ! future4 ,we level$ our =e/s = timb]1 & j scrat*$ ! top soil ( ! l& = corn4 ,n[ we're le>n+ to f>m sci5tifically & to cons]ve our weal?4 ,& ?is is due 9 no small degree to ! ,g]mans4 ,! ,g]man1 emancipat$ f feudalism & kais]ism1 is a pretty good citiz54 ,9 fact1 among ! m5 :o h mo/ help$ mod]n ,am]ica we reckon ,g]mans & ,iri%m54 ,i told !m ?is /ory3 ,a man 9 ,new ,york 0 speak+ ! o!r day to ,c\nt von ,b]n/orff1 ! ,g]man ,ambassador4 ,c\nt von ,b]n/orff 0 endeavor+ to prove to ?is important p]sonage t ,engl& _h =c$ ! w> ^u ,g]many out ( jeal\sy ( h] trade competition4 ,sir1 said ! ,am]ican1 y really mu/ n tell me t1 & ,i advise y n to tell su* a tale to o!r ,am]icans4 ,= we "k v well t we are great] trade rivals ( ,engl& ?an y are1 & t1 9 spite ( t fact1 "h on ?is cont95t ( ,am]ica we h got #c1jjj miles ( ,briti% fronti] )\t a =t or a gun4 ,he !n said to ! ,ambassador3 ,no1 ,sir2 y\r mi/ake all ?r\gh has be5 9 mak+ an enemy ( ,engl& :5 y\r be/ int]e/ 0 to make fri5ds ) h]4 ,if y _h made fri5ds ) ,engl&1 y w\ld h got all y want$4 ,to ?is accusation1 ,i und]/&1 ! ,ambassador made answ] t ,g]many _h endeavor$ to make fri5ds ) ,engl&1 b _h be5 repuls$4 ,we h a diff]5t record 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,am]ican quietly rem9d$ ! ,ambassador ( ! fact t ,engl& admits ,g]man goods free ( t>iff *>ges4 ,g]many ,repres5ts ,autocracy4 ,! two ,philadelphians p]fectly agre$ ) ! ju/ice ( ?is accusation1 & decl>$ aga9 t x 0 because ,g]many repres5t$ all ! p]ils & slavi%ness ( autocracy1 & because ,engl& repres5t$ ! fre$om1 ! ju/ice1 & ! passion = social welf>e :i* inspire all liv+ democracies1 t ,am]ica 0 s absolutely on ! ,engli% side4 ,!y spoke ( ,irel&1 & express$ ! hope t ! ,cons]vative ,p>ty w\ld d no?+ to h9d] t great settlem5t :i* has done s mu* to increase ,am]ican respect = ,engl&4 ,we recognize ov] "h1 said "o1 t ! ,lib]al ,p>ty1 9 go+ to ! rescue ( ,belgium1 sacrific$ "s ( its greate/ ideals on ! alt> ( national righte\sness4 ,w> mu/ h be5 a bitt] draught = ,lloyd ,george4 ,y\r social programme w be *eck$ = _m ye>s4 ,b if ! ,cons]vatives attempt to spoil ! ,iri% settlem5t1 t w be worse ?an any?+ else4 ,x w mean confusion = y at home & loss ( reputation abroad4 ,i spoke ( :at ,i _h he>d on ?is subject f ,iri%-,am]icans1 & !y confirm$ ev]y?+ record$ 9 my =m] article4 ,! ?ree great ?+s1 outside ( increas+ opportunities = int]c\rse1 :i* h drawn mod]n ,am]ica t[>d ,engl&1 !y told me1 are ! social legislation ( ! ,lib]al ,p>ty1 ! triumph ( home rule1 & ,engl&'s keep+ h] ^w to ,belgium4 ,by ^! ?ree ?+s1 ,i 0 assur$1 ! old animosities aga9/ ,engl& h be5 de/roy$1 & a _s ( en?usiasm = ,engli% ideals has be5 born among ,am]icans4 ,i %\ld l to say t1 :ile _m ,am]ican wom5 love ,engl& = ! beauty & repose ( h] social life1 & mo/ eloqu5tly base _! affection on ! ass]tion t blood is ?ick] ?an wat]1 ! m5 ( ,am]ica are sometimes incl9$1 & n unnaturally1 to disapprove ( ?is pleas+ s5tim5talism4 ,i n[ beg9 to p]ceive t ! m5 ( ,am]ica are n jeal\s ( ,engl&'s social life1 b anxi\s to put _! fri5d%ip on a m sub/antial f\ndation4 ,lib]alism n only uplifts democracy2 x e/abli%es ,engl& 9 ! affection ( all vital democracies4 ,if ! ,cons]vatives1 s lib]al & *>m+ 9 _! private lives1 comb9e ) ! ,lib]als aft] ?is hide\s w> to recon/ruct our national life & to consolidate ! empire1 h[ great w be ! h>ve/ reap$ by our *ildr56 ,x is 9 ! high & l(ty "n ( civilization t ! ,am]ican p are anxi\s to make fri5ds ) ! p ( ,great ,brita94 ,we h bo? got some?+ to live = great] ?an patriotism & imp]ialism1 great] because x includes !m bo?4 ,,ii4 ,iri%-,am]ican ,feel+ ,until ,i came to ,am]ica ,i _h n ! lea/ idea ( ! dep? ( hatr$ :i* has exi/$ among ,iri%-,am]icans t[>d ,engl&4 ,no?+ t ,i ev] enc\nt]$ 9 ,irel& itself is comp>able ) ?is transatlantic fury ( un=giv+ hate4 ,an ,iri%man :o _h held v high (fice 9 ,am]ica1 a well-educat$1 a k9dly1 & a judici\s man1 told me t :5 w> ) ,g]many 0 9 ! air he c\ld n prev5t himself f hail+ ?is opportunity = decl>+ 8 hatr$1 8 undy+ hatr$1 ( ,engl&4 ,8 fa!r _h suff]$ frightfully 9 ! great fam9e2 e /ory he ev] he>d at 8 "m's knee 0 a /ory ( ,engli% tyranny1 ,engli% brutality1 ,engli% rapacity2 ,engl&1 = him1 /ood at ! rack c5tre1 ! lu/ful & be/ial slave driv]1 ! cruel & m]ciless extortion]4 ,?is man's good judgm5t1 h[ev]1 w\ld n suff] him to approve ( ,g]man milit>ism1 & z ev5ts mov$ =w>d he gave 8 support m & m to ! cause ( ! ,allies4 ,b ,i want y to "k1 he told me1 /rik+ ! table ) 8 h& & wat*+ me c>efully1 t ,i 0 dead aga9/ ,john ,r$mond = say+ t ,irel& mu/ g to ! aid ( ,engl&4 ,irel&'s call 0 to g to ! aid ( civilization4 ,if ,g]many _h /ood = civilization1 ,i %\ld h be5 on ,g]many's side & dead aga9/ ,engl&4 ,i tell y1 at ! beg9n+ ( ?is bus9ess ,i long$ to see ,engl& defeat$1 humiliat$1 brok5 to ! du/4 ,b civilization is ( su* enorm\s consequ5ce t ,i put my natural hatr$ ( ,engl& on "o side4 ,! violation ( ,belgium made me an anti-,g]man4 ,& ) ! va/ majority ( ,iri%m5 9 ,am]ica x 0 ! same ?+4 ,! m5ace ( ,g]man milit>ism =c$ u into y\r camp4 ,i am p]fectly c]ta9 t b = ! violation ( ,belgium !re w\ld h be5 9 ?is c\ntry among ,iri%-,am]icans an op5 movem5t publicly proclaim$ 9 favor ( ,g]many4 ,t is my fix$ op9ion4 ,& ,i happ5 to "k :at ,i am talk+ ab\t4 ,no ,hatr$ ( ,engl&4 ,i ga!r$ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 conv]sation t ,iri% fri5dl9ess t[>d ,engl& is a f9al manife/ation ( a *ange 9 ! feel+ ( all ,am]ica t[>d ,engl&4 ,x 0 n v long ago t ,presid5t ,clevel& want$ w> ) ,engl&4 ,hatr$ ( ,engl& 0 at "o "t z fi]cely h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation by ,am]icans z by ,iri%-,am]icans4 ,we h to ?ank our ,engli% />s t ,am]ica has outgr[n ?is hi/oric hate & t ,iri%-,am]icans n[ %[ ! new & happi] feel+ ( _! compatriots4 ,i ask$ ?is ,iri%man1 no "o bett] able ?r\gh\t ,am]ica to express a j op9ion on ! subject1 :at diff]5ce _h be5 made 9 ! feel+ t[>d ,engl& by ! pass+ ( ! ,home ,rule bill4 ,x 0 ! pass+ ( t bill1 he repli$1 :i* f9i%$ ! "w begun by ,g]man milit>ism4 ,home rule has s(t5$ our feel+s t[>d ,engl&1 p>ticul>ly among ! ?\s&s ( ,iri%-,am]icans :o are born ov] "h & ^: fa!rs h become too ,am]icaniz$ to rememb] ! suff]+s ( _! ance/ors4 ,!re is /ill "s hatr$ ( ,engl&1 b n v mu*4 ,x is a s5tim5tal1 a poetic hatr$1 n a political hatr$4 ,"o f9ds x among a few individuals4 ,:at agitation is n[ go+ on is secret & und]gr\nd1 a sure pro( t x is unrepres5tative4 ,we ignore x4 ,x means no?+4 ,no2 ! pass+ ( ! ,home ,rule bill has giv5 balance to ! ,iri% m9d4 ,x has help$ ,iri%-,am]icans to realize t ! dreadful s9s ( ,engl& are s9s ( a dead & gone ,engl&1 & x has help$ !m to see t ! pres5t ,engl&1 s f> z its democracy is conc]n$1 s9c]ely desires to make rep>ation = ! pa/4 ,9 fact1 ! w> & ! ,home ,rule bill toge!r h produc$ su* a trans=mation 9 ! ,iri%-,am]ican nature z ,i1 = "o1 nev] expect$ & nev] hop$ to see4 ,he !n w>n$ me t ?is great *ange might suff] a dang]\s reaction if ,engl& all[s ! religi\s bigotry ( ,ul/] to split ,irel& into two camps4 ,to ! ,iri%-,am]ican ,irel& is a c\ntry1 a home1 & a %r9e1 "o & indivisible4 ,su* a surr5d]1 said my fri5d1 w\ld n only be fatal to ,irel& b fatal to some?+ ev5 great] ?an ,irel&1 & t is ! cause ( religion 9 an age ( increas+ paganism4 ,= ! _w c only be sav$ f ! ru9 ( paganism1 z we are beg9n+ to see v cle>ly 9 ,am]ica1 by a union ( religi\s =ces4 ,i am a ,ca?olic1 b ,i say t any man :o says ',only ?r\gh my door c y ent] into heav5' is a bad ,*ri/ian4 ,!re are _m doors into heav54 ,:at we h all got to d1 ,ca?olics & non-,ca?olics1 is to insi/ toge!r t !re is a heav51 t !re is a life aft] dea?1 t !re is a ,god4 ,! m doors ! bett]4 ,no "o has a monopoly ( heav54 ,& to ,irel& is (f]$ ! opportunity1 great] ?an politicians appe> to p]ceive1 ( pres5t+ to ! _w an example ( tol]ance & compromise 9 ! supreme int]e/s ( religion :i* may h incalculable results = ! :ole _w4 ,b :at w happ5 if ,engl& b[s be=e ! wor/ & ! /upide/ bigotry ! mod]n _w c %[8 ,n only w y /rike a bl[ at ,irel& & a bl[ at ,iri%-,am]ican sympa?y1 b a bl[ at ! vitals ( religion4 ,= x is only by s9k+ religi\s diff]5ces & mak+ a common advance aga9/ ?is univ]sal paganism t religion c save ! s\l ( civilization4 ,if y d n see ! tru? ( t fact 9 ,engl& ,i ?9k y mu/ be bl9d4 ,! fullness ( civilization hangs ^u religi\s union2 religi\s diss5sion is ! enemy4 ,*ange 9 ,ul/]4 ,ano!r ,iri%-,am]ican :o 0 pres5t on ?is occasion1 an accompli%$ man ( lett]s & a travel]1 ask$ me :at ,engl& felt ab\t ,ul/]'s %>e 9 ! responsibility = ! pres5t w>4 ,i myself h se5 two lett]s f ,ul/]1 he said1 9 :i* ! phrase occurs1 ',r ! ,kais] ?an ! ,pope4' ,^! lett]s 7 writt5 be=e ! w>4 ,ul/]1 no d\bt1 has n[ *ang$ h] tune4 ,b x 0 t _s1 surely1 & ! reports s5t to ,b]l9 by ,g]man (fic]s :o visit$ ,ul/] & inquir$ into ! milit>y "* ( ,c>sonism :i* p]suad$ ,g]many t ,engl& w\ld n fight4 ,iri%-,am]icans are p]suad$ t ,sir ,edw>d ,c>son is 9 v great measure responsible = all ! ru9 & dea? & bitt] suff]+ ( ! enorm\s cata/rophe4 ,he boa/$ t he w\ld make civil w>1 & su* 7 8 prep>ations t 9 any o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w civil w> w\ld h be5 inevitable4 ,g]many c\nt$ on t civil w>4 ,! ,briti% ,army 0 said to be completely "u ! influ5ce ( ,c>sonism4 ,! real cata/rophe = ! diplomacy ( ,b]l9 0 n ,india's loyalty & ! vigor\s upris+ ( ! "y dom9ions1 b ! dy+ d[n ( ,ul/] mut9y4 ,^! ,iri%-,am]icans h hat$ ! rul+ classes 9 ,engl&1 n only = s9s ( ! pa/ b = ! unwor?y & mo/ cruel opposition (f]$ by ^? rul+ classes1 9 ! "n ( religi\s intol]ance1 to ! ideals ( ! ,iri% ,nation4 ,:5 ,unioni/ politicians sne] at ! subscriptions s5t by ,iri% s]vant girls 9 ,am]ica to help ! cause ( ,irel& !y %\ld reflect t n only d !y fail to make a good joke1 n only d !y exhibit a horribly bad ta/e1 b !y spread hatr$ ( ,engl& ?r\gh ! ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( p4 ,= x is ! loyalty ( ! poore/ ( ^! ,iri%-,am]icans1 ! sacrifices p]petually made by ! humble/ ( !m1 :i* %\ld move u to see1 z x has c]ta9ly mov$ ! ,am]ican p to see1 t ! cause ( ,iri% lib]ty is noble & undy+4 ,religi\s ,education4 ,) all my he>t ,i w\ld beg ,unioni/s 9 ,engl& to reflect consci5ti\sly ^u ?is v significant /ate ( affairs 9 ,am]ica3 ,a non-,ca?olic ,bible us$ to be read 9 ! public s*ools ( ,am]ica d[n to ! ye> #ahhh4 ,a ,ca?olic agitation aga9/ ?is ,bible read+ 0 begun 9 #ahhe1 & 9 #ahhh ! cu/om 0 f9ally aboli%$4 ,f t date to ?is !re has be5 no religi\s in/ruction ( any k9d 9 ! public s*ools ( ,am]ica4 ,bigotry & intol]ance won t victory4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 9 its folly1 de/roy$ religi\s tea*+ 9 ! s*ools ( ! c\ntry4 ,ca?olics !mselves are n[ look+ back on t agitation ) religi\s rep5tance & political regret4 ,! result ( ?is abolition is t ,ca?olics & non-,ca?olics :o believe 9 ! importance ( religi\s in/ruction1 & :o see ! pagan effect ( purely secul> in/ruction1 d n s5d _! *ildr5 to ! public s*ools4 ,^! s*ools1 = :i* ,*ri/ians are heavily tax$1 are 9 ! possession ( ! ,hebrews4 ,if no?+ is done to alt] ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s ,am]icans !mselves assure me t 9 five-&-tw5ty ye>s ,am]ica w be a pagan c\ntry4 ,b a fight is to be made to av]t ?is disa/] at ! ,con/itutional ,conv5tion to be held next mon?4 ,:at we h to d1 my ,iri% fri5d told me1 ,ca?olics & non-,ca?olics alike1 is to appeal = s*ools repres5t+ ,ca?olic & non-,ca?olic tea*+4 ,in/ead ( ! v>i\s *ur*es fight+ aga9/ ea* o!r !y mu/ fight toge!r1 help+ "o ano!r to get ! s*ools !y dem&4 ,only 9 ?is way c we save civilization4 ,?is is h[ ! ,iri%man1 brea?+ ! free air ( ,am]ica1 & 9 ,am]ica ris+ to positions ( extraord9>y p[] & responsibility1 views ! f\ndational "q ( religion2 :ile ,engl& all[s h]self to be dragg$ at ! heels ( ! fro?+ fanatic :o has actually d>$ to raise ! unholy battle cry ( ,r ! ,kais] ?an ! ,pope4 ,let ! ,unioni/ ,p>ty hesitate be=e x seeks to revive ?is hide\s1 utt]ly irrational & mo/ un*ri/ianlike _s at ! v he>t ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,! s[] ( hate is ! reap] ( dea?4 ,,to ,,melos1 ,,pomegranate ,,isle4 ,by ,,grace ,,h>riet ,,macurdy4 7,de/roy$ by ,a!ns1 #daf ,b4,c41 because ( h] refusal to break neutrality4--,?ucydides ,v41 #hd-aaf2 ,euripides1 ,trojan ,wom547 ,o ?\ ,pomegranate ( ! ,sea1 ,sweet ,melian isle1 across ! ye>s ,?y ,belgian si/] calls to !e ,9 angui%$ sweat ( blood & te>s4 ,h] fate l ?9e--a ru?less b& ,ha? ravag$ all h] lovel9ess4 ,h[ ,a!ns spoil$ ?y prosp]\s l& ,a!nian lips ) %ame confess4 ,?\1 too1 a l& ( lovely arts1 ,( pott]'s & ( sculptor's skill-- ,?y folk ( high undaunt$ he>ts ,z ^? t ?rob 9 ,belgium /ill4 ,)9 ?y h>bor's circl+ rim ,! w>%ips long1 ) bann]s bright1 ,sail$ be>+ ,a!ns' message grim-- ,god hates ! weak4 ,respect our ,might4 ,! flame )9 ?y fanes grew cold1 ,/ill$ by ! foeman's sw>m+ hordes4 ,?y sons 7 sla91 ?y daught]s sold ,to s]ve ! lu/s ( /rang] lords4 ,= ,attic might ?\ did/ defy ,?y folk ! foeman slew z %eep1 ,across ! ye>s he> ,belgium's cry-- ,o ,si/]1 ( ! ,w9e-,d>k ,deep1 ,^: cliffs gleam seaw>d roseate4 ,n "o ( all my m>tyr roll ,b keeps 8 fai? inviolate1 ,man kills our body1 n our s\l4 ,:at ,am]ica ,c ,d ,by ,"l ,*ann+ ( ,well+bor\gh4 ,"l ,*ann+1 :o makes ! foll[+ sugge/ion to ,am]ican /atesm51 0 born 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ! well-kn[n ,*ann+s ( ,bo/on4 ,8 fa!r 0 ! ,rev4 ,w4,h4 ,*ann+1 ,*apla9 ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives dur+ ! civil w> & a close fri5d ( ,presid5t ,l9coln4 ,"l ,*ann+ has be5 = tw5ty-five ye>s a memb] ( ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t1 & = ! la/ ?ree ye>s a memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 hav+ be5 creat$ fir/ ,b>on ( ,well+bor\gh 9 #aiab4 ,he is ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,national ,peace ,congress4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,z a memb] ( ! ,briti% ,legislature = a g5]ation1 & a lifelong ,lib]al1 & hav+ also ! close/ ties ( blood ) ,am]ica1 & a pr\d rev]5ce = h] ideals1 ,i w\ld wi%1 ) ! utmo/ respect1 to (f] "s comm5ts on "o specific aspect ( pres5t affairs1 z !y affect ,am]ica1 :i* does n seem to h be5 m>k$ (f ) ! di/9ctness its importance calls =4 ,?is is ! greate/ crisis 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 & att5tion conc5trates itself on ! attitude ( ! greate/ neutral ,/ate4 ,x is un?9kable t ,am]ica c dive/ h]self ( responsibility = ! f9al outcome4 ,?is seems z cle>ly recogniz$ 9 ,am]ica z 9 ,europe4 ,to u 9 ,engl& ?is w> is a life or dea? /ruggle betwe5 two pr9ciples--,pan-,g]manism on ! "o side1 ) its av[$ purpose to impose its hegemony & its rigid sy/em ( ideas & organization on ! re/ ( ! _w1 n by cons5t1 b by irresi/ible milit>y =ce2 on ! o!r side ! claim ( ! o!r nations1 l>ge & small1 to ma9ta9 inviolate _! fre$om & individuality1 & to ?9k & "w out = !mselves _! own political & economic future 9 _! own way4 ,! "o pr9ciple w\ld seem ! flat contradiction ( all t ,am]ica /&s =1 ! o!r pr9ciple w\ld seem to be precisely ! ess5tial idea ( free self-gov]nm5t & democratic evolution1 9 :i* are root$ ! v life & be+ ( ,am]ica4 ,= ?is reason !re is in/9ctive & pr(\nd sympa?y on ! "p ( ! great majority ( native ,am]icans ) ! cause ( ,engl& & h] allies4 ,?is sympa?y is n m]ely ! tie ( blood or ! unity ( ideals4 ,reason has conv9c$ ,am]icans t ! supreme pr9ciples & highe/ int]e/s ( ,am]ica w be be/ safegu>d$ if ! ,allies w94 ,!y dread in/9ctively :at might happ5 if ,pan-,g]manism absorb$ ! small] nationalities1 cru%$ ! great free c\ntries l ,france & ,engl&1 & dom9at$ ! :ole _w ) ! mail$ fi/1 n only ,europe & ! ,f> ,ea/1 b ,s\? ,am]ica & ! ,pacific4 ,p]haps ! h9t ( ,c\nt ,b]n/orff t ,canada may be treat$ l ,belgium1 & ! ,monroe ,doctr9e l o!r scraps ( pap]1 may also h ?r[n "s light = ,am]icans on a ,g]maniz$ future6 ,& a ca/-iron sy/em ( comm]cial & indu/rial monopoly dictat$ by ,g]man ne$s _c attract4 ,am]ica ,c't ,/& ,ap>t4 ,t is "o side t ,am]ican /atesm5 h to consid]4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 ano!r4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates visibly =m ! greate/ =ce ! _w has yet se5 to br+ toge!r1 to unite1 to assimilate1 9 ! developm5t ( _! va/ t]ritories1 measureless res\rces1 & complicat$ indu/ries1 all t is be/ f all ! o!r great nations1 weld+ sl[ly b surely1 ?r\gh free in/itutions1 ^! new elem5ts into in/rum5ts = ! full] realization ( ! g5]\s & noble ideals = :i* ,am]ica /&s4 ,p]haps an eighte5? or ev5 fifte5? "p ( ! population is ( ,g]man orig91 a p]c5tage n f> f equal to t contribut$ by ! ,unit$ ,k+dom & ,canada4 ,!re is ?us n only ! broad "q ( avoid+ w> ) ,g]many1 ^: p h s l>ge a %>e 9 ! life ( ,am]ica1 a w> d\bly unwelcome at all times because ( ! innum]able l9ks ( sci5ce1 inv5tion1 pr(essional tra9+1 ( comm]ce1 & ( p]sonal fri5d%ip2 b !re is also ! local "q ( peace & good-w 9 ! daily "w ( ,am]ica z betwe5 huge sections ( h] population4 ,^! visible facts n unnaturally give great weight to ! argum5t = neutrality4 ,no wise man on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic w try to ignore !m1 or take exception to ! dignity & correctness ) :i* ! ,am]ican ,executive has dealt ) ! grave problem be=e x4 ,neutrality has1 ( c\rse1 its limits & conditions1 logical & moral4 ,^? limits & conditions1 ! possibility ( _! infr+em5t 9 su* a way z to make "s *ange ( policy imp]ative1 are matt]s solely = ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! po9t ! pres5t writ] wi%es to press is on a diff]5t plane1 & is precisely ?is3 ,am]ica does n & c n /& :olly ap>t f supreme ,european decisions4 ,am]ica is z responsible z ,europe = ! great ext5sions1 def9itions1 ! /r5g!n+ & modification ( int]national law4 ,am]ica /&s =? z ! apo/le ( arbitration1 to wid5 ! area )9 :i* disput$ po9ts may be det]m9$ amicably4 ,am]ica /&s also z ! *ief signatory ( ! great _w conv5tions :i* h settl$ new rules = ! conduct ( w>1 to mitigate its horrors1 especially = non-combatants4 ,am]ica has tak5 a noble "p 9 fram+ ma*9]y = secur+ peace & ju/ice1 & 9 mov+ =w>d ! l&m>ks ( civilization z aga9/ savag]y1 & ( human m]cy z aga9/ cruel t]rorism4 ,c ,am]ica safely or wisely dive/ h]self ( ! duty ?us plac$ ^u h]1 logically & morally1 by h] p>ticipation 9 ?is1 ! noble/ "w ( our age8 ,& is x wise or is x safe to indef9itely po/pone ! dis*>ge ( ?is duty8 ,by ! ev5ts ( ! la/ ?ree mon?s ! :ole ( ?is new *>t] ( humanity has be5 *all5g$ & is at /ake4 ,is x n s\nd policy z well z an imp]ative duty to take "s /ep "h & n[ to /op ! rot & to make good "h & n[ z mu* z we c ( :at we h won & wi% to keep8 ,belgium's ,wrongs4 ,admitt$ly a guiltless & un(f5d+ nation1#a ^: neutrality & indep5d5ce _h be5 solemnly gu>ante$ by treaty1 to :i* ! p[]s conc]n$ 9 ! w> 7 p>ties1 has _h h] treaty rights violat$ by "o ( ^! p[]s on ! cynical plea t !re is no "r or wrong z aga9/ national int]e/1 t necessity obeys no law1 & treaties are scraps ( pap]4 ,?is is n matt] = inquiry or judicial decision at "s lat] date4 ,x has be5 frankly av[$ by ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t f ! outset ( ?is w>4 ,footnote #a3 ,!odore ,roosevelt4 ,aga91 ?is admitt$ wrong is n ! sudd5 & unavoidable outcome ( ev5ts un=ese5 & uncontrollable4 ,x has be5 delib]ately plann$ ye>s ahead1 ) elaborate prep>ation ( railway & o!r facilities1 & ) e inv5tion & contrivance1 to ru% 9 irresi/ible =ces2 to subv]t & de/roy ! indep5d5t ,/ate t ,g]many 0 h]self pl$g$ to def5d4 ,?irdly1 ?is policy ( absolute annihilation ( ,belgium1 ( its "r to live its own life1 its "r ev5 to pres]ve ^? monum5ts ( its noble & beautiful hi/ory :i* _h become treasur$ heirlooms ( ! :ole _w1 has be5 c>ri$ out ) a ru?less b>b>ity to ! p1 & especially ! non-combatants1 = :i* x is h>d to f9d a p>allel 9 ! wor/ incid5ts ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> or ( ! deva/ation ( ! ,palat9ate4 ,to br+ ! actual guilt home to ^? :o actually did or ord]$ ^! de$s to be done 9 individual cases is "o ?+4 ,! broad fact t ^! b>b>\s de$s 7 done /&s manife/ & insi/5t1 & dem&s su* in/ant action z c be tak5 by a great & responsible p4 ,&1 la/ly1 !re is ! undisguis$ adoption ( ! policy ( t]roriz+ non-combatants to submission by su* acts z =c+ wom5 & *ildr5 to walk be=e ! advanc+ enemy1 ! :olesale burn+ ( h\ses1 %oot+ ( ho/ages & o!r non-combatants1 & ! dropp+ ( bombs f a]oplanes n on =ts or troops1 b on places :]e wom5 & *ildr5 c be kill$ or injur$4 ,& all ?is tragic sweep+ away ( su* good ?+s z _h be5 won ) worldwide cons5t1 at ! in/ance ( ! ,cz> 9 initiat+ ,! ,hague policy1 has gone on1 s f> z x c\ld g on1 ) equal horror1 ?r\gh\t ,nor!rn ,france4 ,rheims & ,s5lis h suff]$ ! fate ( ,l\va9 & ,t]monde & ,mal9es1 & ,p>is has _h h] quota ( wom5 & *ildr5 wantonly sla9 by bombs1 exactly l ,antw]p4 ,! ,?reat to ,engl&4 ,& ,am]ica kn[s1 z we "h 9 ,engl& "k1 f ! op5 m5ace ( ! ,g]man press1 writ+ ( ,engl& z ! "o supreme enemy1 t x is ! full int5tion ( ,g]mans1 if !y c1 to c>ry ?r\gh ,engl&1 too1 ev5 m ru?lessly1 ! same policy4 ,we are fight+ "h1 & are confid5t t we %all fight ) success1 n only to protect our ,engli% homes & to gu>d ! hi/oric build+s ( ?is l& b to make an end ( ?is ,prussian t]rorism ( ! _w2 to secure no national aggr&izem5t1 b to secure a p]man5t & solid peace1 bas$ on gu>ante$ lib]ties1 & a rational settlem5t ( ! "q ( armam5ts4 ,^! que/ions t\* u all ! m because _m ( u h be5 ! mo/ p]si/5t fri5ds ( int]national peace & h specially labor$ to promote happy & fri5dly relations ) ! ,g]man p4 ,! pres5t writ]1 :o 0 honor$ by election z ,presid5t ( ?is ye>'s ,national ,peace ,congress1 has be5 associat$ ) ! "w ( m5 l ,"l ,brassey1 ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 7lat] ,"l ,avebury17 z a memb] ( ! ,anglo-,g]man ,fri5d%ip ,league1 & has repeat$ly 9 ,p>liam5t argu$ aga9/ any ho/ile or provocative attitude t[>d ,g]many4 ,?is w> is our answ] & our rew>d6 ,am]ica 9 ! ,settlem5t4 ,s f> z c be judg$ f au?oritative words ( ,presid5t ,wilson & ex-,presid5t ,roosevelt1 ,am]ica does & w claim a "r to %>e 9 ! f9al settlem5t ( ! t]ms ( a p]man5t & /able peace4 ,if t claim is s\nd1 if ! ef=ts ( ,am]ica to create bett] ma*9]y = secur+ peace & = g5]\sly & humanely v9dicat+ ! lib]ties & happ9ess ( nations & ( ! individuals :o make !m up d entitle ,am]ica to a voice1 & a pot5t voice1 9 ! "w ( m5d+ & remak+ ! _w aft] ?is t]rific cata/rophe1 !n ,i w\ld submit ) all respect t x is really idle to wait till all ! recogniz$ pr9ciples ( :at has be5 held to be "r or wrong z betwe5 nations1 & :at has be5 held to be "r or wrong 9 ! me?ods ( conduct+ w> h gone ov]bo>d1 )\t "o ^w ( prote/2 we mu/ save ! _w fir/1 if we are to h a real *ance ( remak+ x on l9es :i* are wor? hav+4 ,no?+ b good c\ld come f imm$iate action by ! ,am]ican ,executive to ass]t z !y1 be/ ( all nations1 c\ld ass]t1 n[ & at once 9 t]ms uncompromis+1 unansw]able1 t ! gr\nd tak5 up by int]national cons5t 9 ! pa/ g5]ation mu/ be held n[ & h]eaft]1 & accept$ z an ess5tial basis ( ! f9al settlem5t4 ,su* a pron\ncem5t n[ by ,am]ica w\ld make a l&m>k 9 hi/ory--w\ld r5d] a measureless s]vice to ! :ole _w 9 emancipation f ! p]si/5t degradation ( ! tw9 doctr9es t might makes "r1 & t necessity kn[s no law1 & w\ld br+ to ,am]ica h]self imp]i%able honor & glory 9 ! fe>less ass]tion & et]nal consecration ( h] own noble/ ideals4 ,i w\ld submit fur!r t su* a national decl>ation by ,am]ica involves no violation ( neutrality1 & is 9 no s5se inconsi/5t ) ! _s ( (ficial utt]ances already made4 ,to take ! latt] fir/--we h _h notable utt]ances f ! ,presid5t & f ! ex-,presid5t4 ,presid5t ,wilson seems to h giv5 a sympa!tic he>+ to ! mission :i* laid ! case ( ,belgium be=e him1 bo? z to ! violation ( ,belgium's neutrality & z to ! cruel treatm5t ( ! non-combatant population & ! wanton de/ruction ( t[ns & villages & ( preci\s hi/orical monum5ts4 ,he is und]/ood to h promis$ an inve/igation1 & x is ga!r$ f ! ,indp5dance ,belge ?is week t ?is inve/igation has be51 & is be+1 c>ri$ out by ,am]ican ,milit>y ,atta*s 9 ,belgium1 & also at ! ,london ,embassy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,aga91 ,presid5t ,wilson's rec5t lett] to ! ,kais]1 :ile confirm+ neutrality 9 precise t]ms1 w5t on to intimate t !re mu/ be a day ( settlem5t & t :]e inju/ices h f\nd a place results are sure to foll[1 & all ^? :o h be5 f\nd at fault w h to answ] = !m4 ,if ! g5]al settlem5t does n suffici5tly det]m9e ?is1 !re is ! ultimate sanction ( ! op9ion ( mank9d :i* w 9 su* cases int]f]e4 ,he w\ld app>5tly res]ve judgm5t until ! end ( ! w>1 b 9 no way disclaims or surr5d]s ,am]ican responsibility4 ,mr4 ,roosevelt is n ti$ by (ficial responsibility1 & c speak ) less re/ra9t & m fre$om4 ,9 ,! ,outlook he has sub/antially accept$ & indors$ all t is mat]ial 9 ! ,belgian case4 ,am]ica %\ld help 9 secur+ a peace :i* w n mean ! cru%+ ! lib]ty & life ( j & in(f5d+ peoples or consecrate ! rule ( milit>ism1 b :i* w1 by int]national agreem5t1 m9imize ! *ances ( ! recurr5ce ( su* worldwide disa/]1 & w1 9 ! int]e/s ( civilization1 create conditions :i* w make su* action z ! violation ( ,belgian treaty rights impossible 9 ! future4 ,l ,presid5t ,wilson1 he seems to ?9k t ! "t = judicial pron\ncem5t on acts presumably guilty & wrongful w come at ! conclusion ( ! w>4 ,at ! same "t he surr5d]s no "p ( ,am]ica's responsibility1 b reaffirms x ) all ! =ce ( 8 tr5*ant /yle4 ,b else:]e1 & lat]1 he has insi/$ on ! helplessness--! humiliat+ impot5ce creat$ by ! fact t our neutrality c only be pres]v$ by failure to help to "r :at is wrong4 ,mr4 ,roosevelt's ,rem$y4 ,& he has gone on to adumbrate 8 practical rem$y--a _w league ) an amplifi$ ,hague ,c\rt1 made /rong by jo9t agreem5t ( ! p[]s1 to secure peace & righte\sness1 & to v9dicate ! j decisions ( su* a c\rt by a union ( =ces to en=ce ! decree4 ,he adds t ?is might help to obta9 a limitation ( armam5ts t w\ld be real & effective4 ,t s happy a plan may be capable ( realization w\ld be ! hope ( all wise m54 ,b :]e ,i take exception ) ,col4 ,roosevelt is z to ,am]ica's pres5t impot5ce--t no?+ effectual c be done by ,am]ica )\t break+ h] own neutrality4 ,t view ,i :olly trav]se4 ,x might conceivably be felt by ,am]ica1 "u c]ta9 grave ev5tualities1 t neutrality mu/ be brok54 ,b x is cle> t ! articles ( ,! ,hague ,conv5tion ( #aijg amply provide = ! type ( action "h & n[ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* ,i h v5tur$ to lay be=e ,am]ican /atesm5 9 ?is pap]4 ,&1 9 my op9ion1 x is conceivable t m good might be a*iev$ by ,am]ica tak+ t action1 :ile ma9ta9+ h] neutrality4 ,x goes )\t say+1 x really ne$s no demon/ration1 t ne>ly e int]national agreem5t embodi$ 9 ,! ,hague ,conv5tion has be5 brok51 :olly or 9 "p1 9 ! lett] & 9 ! _s1 9 ! proce$+s ( ?is unhappy ye>4 ,! violation ( ! t]ritory ( a neutral ,/ate by ! transit ( bellig]5t troops & o!r acts ( w> is =bidd51 7,articles #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 c47 ,x is ! duty ( ! neutral ,/ate n to tol]ate1 7,article #e17 b to resi/ su* acts1 & h] =cible resi/ance is n to be reg>d$ z an act ( w>1 7,article #aj47 ,int]f]5ce ) ,neutrals4 ,t1 ( c\rse1 cov]s ! case ( ,belgium completely & e/abli%es absolutely t !re is1 & ne$ be1 no brea* ( neutrality 9 resi/ance ?us legally sanction$ to illegal int]f]5ce ) neutral rights4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to recapitulate ! articles t h be5 torn up4 ,to ref] to ! mo/ /rik+1 !re is ! repeat$ bomb>dm5t ( undef5d$ t[ns1 pillage incessant ?r\gh\t ,belgium & ,nor!rn ,france1 7,articles #bh & #dg27 ! levy+ ( illegal contributions1 7,articles #di & #eb27 ! seizure ( ca% & securities belong+ to private p]sons1 banks1 & local au?orities1 7,articles #eb & #ef27 collective p5alties = individual acts = :i* ! community z a :ole are n responsible1 7,article #ej47 ,articles #ej & #dc %\ld h made impossible ! punitive de/ruction ( ,vis1 ,a]s*ot1 ,d9ant1 & ,l\va91 & numb]less villages2 ,article #ef %\ld h pres]v$ f de/ruction in/itutions & build+s d$icat$ to religion1 education1 *>ity1 hospitals1 c4 ,all ^! wrongful acts1 committ$ ev]y:]e1 h be5 prohibit$ by ^! articles4 ,! gradual introduction ( ! policy ( t]rorism has be5 ably trac$ by p]haps ! highe/ ,fr5* au?ority on int]national law1 ,pr(4 ,ed\>d ,clunet1 =m]ly ,presid5t ( ! ,in/itute ( ,int]national ,law1 9 a rec5t address4 ,bomb>dm5t p> intimidation 0 adopt$ by ! ,g]mans 9 #ahgj & us$ at ,/rassburg1 ,p>is1 ,pronne1 c41 %ells be+ direct$ & conflagrations spread 9 ! inhabit$ p>ts ( t[ns ap>t f ! =tifications4 ,g]many h]self ass5t$ to s]i\s mitigations ( ?is practice at ! ,conf]5ce ( ,brussels 9 #ahgd & at ,! ,hague 9 #aijg4 ,! wor/ evolution ( ! policy ( t]rorism has be5 9 ! ?r[+ f a]oplanes ( bombs1 explosive or inc5di>y4 ,m4 ,clunet lays d[n t1 by ! mo/ rec5t decision ( ! in/itute1 bomb ?r[+ f a]oplanes mu/ foll[ ! rules ( bomb>dm5t by artill]y4 ,?is w\ld prohibit su* bombs )\t =mal notice4 ,b 9 ,antw]p bombs 7 dropp$ )\t notice ov] ! ,royal ,palace1 to ! p]il ( ! ,que5 & h] "y *ildr51 & ! numb] ( peaceable inhabitants kill$ or injur$ 0 ?irty-eight1 ?ree *ildr5 be+ mutilat$ 9 _! b$s4 ,9 ,p>is1 besides ! bombs dropp$ on ,notre ,dame1 bombs 7 delib]ately dropp$ 9 ! public /reets & a numb] ( peaceable victims kill$ or w\nd$4 ,! dropp+ ( bombs z an act ( w> on =tresses1 ammunition depots1 ,zeppel9 %$s1 c41 is1 ( c\rse1 legal4 ,b ! bomb dropp+ adopt$ 9 ,belgium & ,france1 & ?reat5$ 9 ,engl&1 if ! opportunity arises1 is undisguis$ t]rorism1 & n w>4 ,x is important to note also t at ,brussels 9 #ahgd ,antw]p address$ a petition to ! conf]5ce pray+ t any bomb>dm5t %\ld be limit$ to =tifications only4 ,! commission ( ! conf]5ce1 :i* includ$ ?ree well-kn[n ,g]man ,g5]als & two pr(essors1 recogniz$ ! ju/ice ( ?is plea & recomm5d$ ,g5]als to con=m to x4 ,b ! "o po9t t %\ld appeal mo/ /rongly to ! patriotism z well z ! idealism ( ,am]ica is ! fact t ! in/ructions ( #ahfc = armies 9 campaign1 drawn up by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t 9 ! height ( ! civil w>1 fir/ codifi$ ! laws = ! conduct ( w>1 & h be5 ! s\rce & />t+ po9t ( all ^! lat] int]national agreem5ts4 ,& x %\ld be rememb]$ t bo? ,g]many & ,am]ica sign$ ! ,f\r? ,conv5tion ( ,! ,hague ) its annex$ regulations z to sieges & bomb>dm5ts 7,articles #bb to #bh7 & ! fur!r provision :i* may ev5 yet be appli$ punitively to ! proce$+s ( ! pres5t w>4 ,! bellig]5t :o %all h violat$ ! provisions ( ! said regulation %all be held liable = an indemnity4 ,& if x be ?\ght t ,am]ica c r5d] no help 9 su* a position z ! pres5t )\t violat+ h] neutrality1 ! answ] is t by ,article #c ( ,conv5tion #a ( ,! ,hague1 #aijg1 neutral p[]s h ! "r to (f] _! sugge/ions 7bons (fices7 or _! m$iation1 ev5 dur+ ! c\rse ( ho/ilities4 ,& fur!r3 ,! ex]cise ( ?is "r mu/ nev] be consid]$ by "o or ! o!r ( ! p>ties to ! conflict z an unfri5dly act4 ,) all submission1 ,i e>ne/ly urge on ! lead]s ( ,am]ican ?\ght to support ?is attempt$ int]pretation ( ! supreme duty & ! noble opportunity ! pres5t position places be=e _! c\ntry4 ,"o m ^w4 ,i ref]r$ to ! possible b5efit ( neutrality be+ ma9ta9$ :ile ?is prote/ aga9/ wrong & appeal = "r is at ! same "t advanc$4 ,is x n m ?an probable t !re is an imm5se section ( mod]ate ?\gh patriotic op9ion 9 ! great ,g]man p :i* at he>t deprecates ! extreme doctr9es ( conque/ & _w supremacy 9 pursuit ( :i* ! great1 ! wond]ful a*ievem5ts ( ! ,g]man race 9 sci5ce1 9 indu/ry1 9 ! ext5sion ( comm]ce1 are be+ ra%ly risk$8 ,,*ann+ ,,( ,,well+bor\gh4 #dj ,eaton ,place1 ,london ,s4,w41 ,oct4 #bi1 #aiad4 ,,to ,a ,,c\s9 ,,g]man4 ,by ,adel9e ,adams4 ,my ,hans1 y say1 ) self-applausive je/1 ,:5 ,alb]t gave 8 ,belgians ,caes>'s "n-- ',brave/ ( all ! ,gauls'--surely 'tw]e %ame ,! ,k+1 un?or\gh man1 =got ! re/3 ',brave/ because mo/ f> f all ! be/ ,prov9cial culture4'#b ,fri5d1 if n[ y\r aim ,be t f9e ?or\ghness y\r p claim1 ,read on3 ,su* culture's w>es1 x /&s confe/1 ,(t weak5 m9ds4 ,& ,caes>'s ^w 0 j4 ,if m51 b$evil$ "u culture's />1 ,h left ,l\va9 a void :]e flames /ill hiss1 ,spe>$ babes1 & /amp$ ! _w's own ,rose to du/1 ,god grant t ,belgium's s\l may dwell af> ,=ev]1 f a culture su* z ?is6 ,footnote #b3 ,propt]ea quod a cultu atque humanitute prov9ciae longissime absunt4 ,:at ! ,economic ,effects ,may ,be ,by ,irv+ ,fi%]4 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy at ,yale ,univ]sity2 memb] ( _m sci5tific societies4 ,:5 ! future hi/orian *ronicles ! facts ( ! pres5t great _w /ruggle & attempts to analyze its causes & effects ! economic losses1 ga9s1 %ift+s1 & dislocations w =m an important "p ( ! /ory4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 q impossible at ?is "t to "k1 9 any detail1 :at all ! economic results w be4 ,mu* w dep5d on h[ long ! w> la/s1 h[ _m p & h[ mu* prop]ty are de/roy$1 :at f9ancial devices are resort$ to 9 ord] to f9ance x1 & :i* side is f9ally victori\s4 ,! mo/ palpable & ! mo/ fundam5tal effects w be a p>tial /oppage ( e>n+s 9 ! nations directly conc]n$1 i4e41 a r$uction 9 ! real income1 :i* consi/s ( enjoyable goods4 ,all ! o!r important results foll[ f ?is4 ,! co/1 h[ev] reckon$1 is sure to be /up5d\s4 ,pr(4 ,ri*et is quot$ z reckon+ x at #ej1jjj1jjj a day4 ,?is is probably m ?an half ! total income ( all ! inhabitants ( ! w>r+ c\ntries4 ,! highe/ e/imates ( ! total income ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ,france1 & ,g]many1 e/imates ( ,b[ley1 ,lav]ge1 & ,bu*el1 respectively1 total up less ?an #gj1jjj1jjj a day4 ,russia & ,au/ria are poor c\ntries p] capita1 & w\ld sc>cely br+ ! gr& total to #ajj1jjj1jjj a day4 ,moreov]1 ! loss ( real income to ,europe is1 ,i imag9e1 9 reality mu* great] ?an ,ri*et's e/imate1 *iefly because he takes little acc\nt ( ! indirect co/s1 :i* may well be ! greate/ ( all4 ,! co/ to ! fiscal dep>tm5ts ( ,gov]nm5t is probably only a small "p ( ! total co/ :i* ! p w h to be>4 ,! kill+ & disabl+ ( ! m5 engag$ w cut (f ! f9ancial support ( ,european families to ! tune ( hundr$s ( millions ( doll>s p] ye>4 ,! physical de/ruction ( capital ?r\gh ! deva/ation ( crops1 ! burn+ & demoli%+ ( m]*ant %ips & build+s1 ! crippl+ ( indu/ry ?r\gh ! sudd5 )drawal ( labor & raw mat]ials1 ! introduction ( new trade risks1 & ! cutt+ (f ( transportation1 bo? int]nal & =eign1 make up a sum ( items :i* _c be measur$1 b :i* may exce$ ^? :i* c4 ,la/1 b n lea/1 is ! impairm5t ( t subtle b vital basis ( bus9ess1 comm]cial cr$it4 ,9 %ort1 ! c5tral effect is a va/ impairm5t ( ,europe's curr5t income & ( ! capital f :i* h] future income w fl[4 ,x means a v]itable impov]i%m5t ( va/ populations4 ,! great burd5 w be> heavie/1 ( c\rse1 on ! poor4 ,x w imp+e v unequally & w cause a great r$i/ribution ( weal?4 ,z always happ5s1 "s p1 mo/ly lucky speculators1 w come out ( ! mle weal?i] ?an be=e4 ,?is fact w n s]ve to less5 ! discont5t ( ! masses1 :i* _! impov]i%m5t is sure to create4 ,food prices w be high1 ! e>n+s ( labor w be l[1 & aft] ! w> unemploym5t w be great1 due to ! impossibility ( quick absorption into ! indu/rial sy/em ( return$ soldi]s1 z well z o!r maladju/m5ts :i* ! w> is sure to br+4 ,! victor may secure indemnity = "p ( ! loss1 b n = all2 he w1 9 spite ( himself1 be a net los]4 ,taxes w be a cru%+ burd51 m]ely to secure funds ) :i* to pay high int]e/ on va/ new w> debts1 to say no?+ ( funds ) :i* to pur*ase new armam5ts--if aga9 ! nations are =c$1 by lack ( int]national control1 to resume ! /up5d\s folly ( rac+ ea* o!r 9 milit>y equipm5ts4 ,bankruptcy & ,revolution4 ,x may well be t among ! economic consequ5ces ( ! w> !re w be "s national bankruptcies1 & t among ! political consequ5ces w be revolutions4 ,high prices1 high taxes1 l[ wages1 & unemploym5t make an om9\s comb9ation4 ,we may be sure t discont5t w be pr(\nd & widespread4 ,?is discont5t is pretty sure to lead1 especially 9 ! defeat$ nations :]e !re is no comp5sat+ glory1 to /rong revolution>y movem5ts j z 0 ! case 9 ,russia aft] h] defeat by ,japan4 ,:e!r or to :at ext5t ^! movem5ts1 9 :i* ,socialism 9 ! v>i\s mean+s ( t ^w is sure to play a "p1 w succe$1 dep5ds on ! relative /r5g? ( oppos+ t5d5cies :i* _c yet be measur$4 ,"o possible if n probable result may be1 z ,i sugge/$ 9 ,,! ,,times two weeks ago1 "s int]national device to secure dis>mam5t & to safegu>d peace4 ,?\gh "p ( ! losses to ,europe w be p]man5t1 h] *ief loss w be cot]m9\s ) ! w>4 ,%e w1 !re=e1 seek ways & means to fill 9 ?is imm$iate hole 9 h] income 9 ord] to get by4 ,to d ?is %e mu/ borr[2 t is1 %e mu/ secure h] pres5t bread & butt] f u & o!r nations & arrange to repay lat] out ( ! fruits ( peace4 ,%e c /9t h]self1 b n en\gh to meet ! situation4 ,%e mu/ borr[4 ,& 9 "o way & ano!r %e w satisfy ?is necessity by borr[+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mo/ ( ! /range & unprec$5t$ ph5om5a :i* we h witness$ 9 ! la/ mon?1 9 rapid succession1 are due to ?is press+ necessity ( ! bellig]5t peoples to ca% 9 n[ & tru/ to good =tune to pay lat]4 ,z soon z ! w> became ev5 probable ,europe tri$ to ca% 9 on our securities4 ,! pressure = our gold pu%$ x t[>d ,europe fa/] ?an x c\ld move4 ,ex*ange jump$ to ! gold-%ipp+ po9t ( #d4hi p] p\nd /]l+1 & did n /op4 ,9 "s cases x rea*$ #g4 ,?is 0 p>tly due to ! desire to get our gold & bol/] up a cr$it /ructure1 tott]+ be=e ! deadly bl[ ( w>2 b x 0 also p>tly due to ! ne$ ( ready money = supplies ( all k9ds4 ,?is ne$ applies n only to ! ,gov]nm5ts1 b to ! individual p4 ,to obta9 ?is ready money !y ?rew back on u ! securities !y _h pur*as$ ( u 9 =m] ye>s4 ,!y want$ u to take back ^! titles to future income & give !m in/ead titles to pres5t income4 ,_h !y secur$ our gold _! next /ep w\ld h be5 to sp5d "p ( x = supplies1 & ?is w\ld h caus$ any =eign deal]s to :om !y appli$ to place ord]s ) u4 ,! gold !n might h turn$ ! ex*anges & h be5 br\ght back to u 9 return = our :eat & o!r products4 ,?is d\ble transaction is 9 ess5ce "o--a b>t] ( pres5t income 9 ! =m ( our :eat to ,europe = future income 9 ! =m ( inve/m5t securities4 ,x 0 int]f]$ ) by ! refusal ( ! insurance companies to insure ! gold & by ! clos+ ( ,/ock ,ex*anges aga9/ ! inundat+ flood ( securities4 ,! fir/ difficulty1 z to transport+ gold1 has be5 l>gely remov$ by arrang+ = drafts aga9/ /ocks ( x kept on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic4 ,?is w save ! ne$ ( s5d+ x on risky voyages back & =?1 & any f9al net balances c be liquidat$ aft] ! w>4 ,! second ob/acle1 ! closure ( ! ,/ock ,ex*anges1 is m =midable1 b _c completely or p]man5tly prev5t ! transactions :i* s _m p on bo? sides are anxi\s to consummate4 ,curb m>kets & limit$ ca% sales on ! ,ex*anges !mselves are do+ "s ( ?is bus9ess1 &1 soon] or lat]1 mu* m w be done1 :e!r ! ,ex*anges are op5 or n4 ,europe ne$s our :eat & _c pay = x except ) securities1 p>tly because h] own indu/ry is p>alyz$1 p>tly because ocean transportation is difficult4 ,:at ,dump+ ,securities ,means4 ,few p seem to realize t ! dump+ ( securities on our %ores & ! ef=ts ( =eign ,gov]nm5ts1 su* z ,france & ,switz]l&1 to borr[ money 9 our m>kets are at ! bottom v mu* ! same ?+4 ,!y are simply two =ms ( secur+ pres5t supplies f ,am]ica 9 return = future supplies1 ! divid5ds & int]e/ on securities f ,europe4 ,x does n mu* matt] :e!r we buy ,gov]nm5t bonds or o!r securities4 ,if we buy ( ,fr5* capitali/s _! hold+s 9 ,am]ican railway securities we simply provide !m ) ! :]e)al to take ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t loans !mselves4 ,!y virtually become1 )\t our k1 ! g-betwe5 ?r\gh :i* we l5d1 z x 71 to ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 9 spite ( ourselves4 ,x is d\btless well1 z a matt] ( policy1 to refuse to loan directly to ,france1 b we mu/ n = a mom5t conclude t ,france or any o!r nation w h to f9ance ! w> )\t our aid4 ,we %all n be consci\sly help+ any p>ticul> nation1 b we %all be actually help+ any nation :i* c trade ) u4 ,evid5tly ,engl& w get m ( our help ?an any o!r nation because h] %ores are m accessible4 ,g]many is m isolat$4 ,unless %e possesses a l>g] food /ock ?an comm]cial /ati/ics indicate %e w be press+ = our food supplies1 :i* may rea* h] indirectly1 we sell+ to ,holl& & ,holl& to ,g]many2 also rev]sely1 via ,holl& or via ,au/ria & ,italy1 ,g]many may sell a /ream ( securities ! o!r end ( :i* we receive4 ,:e!r directly or by devi\s r\tes !re w inevitably be1 s f> z ,i c see1 a va/ ex*ange ( commodities pass+ to ,europe = securities com+ f ,europe4 ,9 ?is int]*ange w be f\nd ! dom9ant economic effect ( ! w> on ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,=eign nations w get _! mu*-ne$$ loans on bett] t]ms1 ev5 if less promptly1 by ! circuit\s process m5tion$ ?an if !y c\ld borr[ directly 9 our m>kets2 = _! own citiz5s w pay high] prices ?an we w\ld1 ev5 if1 to get ! money1 !y h to sell _! o!r inve/m5t securities to u at a consid]able sacrifice4 ,engl& has sold ,treasury bills = sev5ty-five millions ( doll>s on z l[ a basis z #c-c_/d p] c5t4 ,9 ?is virtual trade ( ?is ye>'s crops = titles to future ye>s' crops we %all get a high price = ! =m] & pay a l[ price 79 pres5t valuation7 = ! latt]4 ,inve/m5t securities are1 & w be1 a drug on ! m>ket4 ,9 o!r words1 ! rate ( return to ! inve/or w be high2 ! rate ( int]e/ on long-"t loans w be high & /ay high1 t on %ort-"t loans may fluctuate greatly4 ,! rise 9 ! rate ( int]e/ on long-"t inve/m5ts is "o ( ! mo/ vital & f>-rea*+ effects ( ! w>4 ,at bottom1 int]e/ always arises f ! ex*ange ( pres5t & future goods4 ,! rate ( int]e/1 z ,i h tri$ to %[ 9 my book ( t title1 is simply ! cry/allization1 9 a m>ket rate1 ( ! impati5ce ( ! human race = its bread & butt]4 ,w> has n[ produc$ su* impati5ce 9 populations ( hundr$s ( millions4 ,x is ?is impati5ce :i* dumps ! securities ^u u1 s5ds d[n _! price1 & s5ds up ! rate ( int]e/4 ,z ,byron ,w4 ,holt has said1 !re is no moratorium = hung]4 ,! fall ( securities 9 ,europe produces ! l fall 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries4 ,"o ( ! consequ5ces to ,am]ica ( be+ =c$ to play ! rle ( money l5d] & "o ( ! consequ5ces ( ! rise 9 ! rate ( int]e/ "h1 or :at am\nts to ! same ?+1 ! fall 9 ! prices ( bonds1 w be an increas$ difficulty ( f9anc+ our own ent]prises4 ,only ! mo/ promis+ ent]prises w be able to sell _! securities4 ,?is means t we %all be neglect+1 to "s ext5t1 our own ent]prises1 to f9ance ! ,european w> in/ead4 ,?is g5]al depreciation ( inve/m5t securities w d\btless lead to _m bankruptcies1 if n to a g5u9e crisis4 ,x w also give tempt+ opportunities to inve/ors4 ,! likelihood ( a g5u9e panic is less5$ by ! fact t e "o recognizes ! real cause ( ! di/urbance & t insolv5cy is n suspect$4 ,accord+ to ! be/ comm]cial obs]v]s1 ! previ\s liquidation _h be5 fairly well complet$4 ,unless !y are mi/ak51 disa/] w n be likely to foll[4 ,we repeat t s9ce ! necessities ( ,europe h =c$ h] to buy our food 9 return = h] inve/m5ts1 x is evid5t t dur+ ! w> food prices w be high & security prices1 especially bonds1 w be l[4 ,^! are ! two facts ( greate/ economic significance to u4 ,to ! c\ntry z a :ole !y def] "s ( our pleasures till aft] ! w>4 ,uncle ,sam w cut d[n = ! pres5t on 8 eat+ & dr9k+1 8 clo!s1 %elt]1 & amusem5ts 9 ord] to %>e 8 rations ) ,europe4 ,in/ead ( ! pleasures =egone he w inve/--n 9 new ent]prises at home1 b 9 old ones--,am]ican & possibly ,european also--pur*as$ ( ,europe4 ,we c nev] h our cake & eat x too4 ,9 ?is case we %all let ,europe eat "s ( x on condition t %e 9 turn %>es h]s ) u aft] ! w>4 ,moreov]1 we %all trade (f a relatively small piece ( our pres5t cake = a relatively l>ge piece ( ,europe's future cake4 ,9 o!r words1 ,europe w fill up ! great brea* 9 h] income n[ imp5d+ by induc+ u to make a small brea* 9 ours4 ,! result w be t ! c\rse ( our real income1 t is1 economic satisfaction or enjoyable consumption1 w imitate 9 "s degree t ( ,europe4 ,?is is1 r$uc$ to its l[e/ t]ms1 ! *ief economic result ( ! w>4 ,b to _m ! "q is1 d we ga9 or lose1 z comp>$ ) :at might h be5 ! case if !re _h be5 no w>8 ,i d n ?9k any "o c answ] t "q ) c]ta9ty4 ,europe is will+ to mortgage its future to u on t]ms v advantage\s to u2 b :5 ! future comes1 ! pur*as+ p[] ( money w probably be s mu* less5$ z to h absorb$ all our advantage4 ,probably we %all lose slightly on ! :ole4 ,b x is n economically impossible t !re w be a net ga94 ,9 ei!r case ! net effect w1 ,i believe1 be small4 ,( m importance w be ! v>i\s effects on v>i\s classes4 ,c]ta9 p w be greatly b5efit$ by ! rise 9 food prices & ! fall 9 security prices4 ,! f>m+ classes w pr(it by ! =m]2 ! inve/+ classes by ! latt]4 ,^? :o h ! good =tune to belong to bo? classes w gr[ ri*4 ,! f>m] :o is 9 a position to save money w bo? make m money to save & be able to inve/ x m advantage\sly aft] he has sav$ x4 ,if he l5ds to 8 neighbors he w f9d ! m>ket rate ( int]e/ high4 ,ev5 if he buys m l& ! pur*ase price w be re/ra9$ f ! great rise we might expect f ! prosp]ity ( f>m+ by ! fact t ! numb] ( ye>s pur*ase1 z ! phrase is 9 ,engl&1 w be small1 or1 9 o!r words1 t ! int]e/ basis1 :i* ent]s into e l& price1 w be high4 ,labor ,w ,n ,suff] ,mu*4 ,on ! o!r h& ! g5]al consum] ( f>m products w suff] f ano!r advance 9 t "p ( 8 co/ ( liv+1 :ile ! debtor classes w suff] f ! fall 9 bonds or rise 9 int]e/4 ,_m speculators on ! ,/ock ,ex*ange1 ^? :o h speculat$ = a rise1 are 9 effect und\bt$ly ru9$ already1 & _m borr[]s at banks on collat]al security w feel ! p9* f ! depreciation ( _! prop]ty & ! h>d t]ms ( r5ew+ _! loans4 ,& ! labor+ man1 :o =ms ! majority1 :at ( him8 ,x seems improbable t he w be greatly affect$1 t is1 on ! av]age4 ,he w h to pay m = 8 food1 & food con/itutes m ?an a ?ird ( 8 budget4 ,b "s articles he buys w probably fall & he may secure high] wages because ( ! )drawal ( compet+ labor]s4 ,"s labor may rise1 especially 9 ! indu/ries b5efit$ by ! w>1 su* z1 = in/ance1 f>m+ & o!r food indu/ries1 cann+1 fl\r mills1 sug>1 c41 ! automobile indu/ry & p]haps ammunition & /eel4 ,9 o!r indu/ries ?r[n out ( ge> = lack ( =eign m>kets or = lack ( =eign raw mat]ial1 ! wage e>n] may lose 9 wages & employm5t4 ,9 o!r words1 labor w be dislocat$ 9 spots1 l ! o!r p>ts ( our indu/rial ma*9]y4 ,important dislocations w be felt 9 ! fields ( %ipp+ & bank+4 ,"o consequ5ce is t ,am]ican ent]prise has n[ ! gold5 opportunity to capture a good %>e ( ea*4 ,! outbreak ( ! w> & ! simultane\s op5+ ( ! ,panama ,canal w t5d to div]t ! c\rse ( trade f ,europe to ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,probably our m]*ant m>9e c be develop$ m successfully = ?is ,s\? ,am]ican trade ?an x c\ld = ! ,european trade4 ,new ,york c l>gely take ! place ( ,london z ! _w's ex*ange c5tre = ,pan-,am]ican trade4 ,?is opportunity is increas$ by ! possibilities 9 ! new ,bank+ act = ! e/abli%m5t ( bran* banks abroad4 ,) ^! opportunities & ! rise ( int]e/ 9 ,europe1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w *ange to a great degree f a debtor to a cr$itor nation4 ,"o ( ! dislocations ( ! w> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w be ! cutt+ (f ( imports ( a l>ge "p ( our dutiable commodities1 & !re=e ! loss ( national rev5ue4 ,!re is an urg5t ne$ to comp5sate = ?is loss by "s o!r =m ( tax4 ,b x is well n to lose p]spective1 to rememb] t dislocations are n necess>ily losses1 t1 h[ev] l\dly !y are proclaim$ 9 news columns1 !y are small 9 ext5t1 :5 consid]$ 9 relation to our :ole trade1 t ?is c\ntry ( ours is a va/ "o1 & t ! rank & file ( ,am]icans w be b slightly affect$ by ! w>--especially by contra/ ) our fri5ds1 n[ fight+ ea* o!r1 across ! sea4 ,we are too ne>ly self-support+ to be pro/rat$4 ,our =eign trade is & always has be5 a trifl+ matt] comp>$ ) our int]nal comm]ce4 ,! int]nal comm]ce paid = by money & *ecks annually 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates am\nts to ne>ly five hundr$ billions ( doll>s1 :i* is m ?an a hundr$ times z mu* z our comb9$ exports & imports4 ,almo/ all ( :at has be5 said s f> _h gr[n out ( ! prospect t ! prices ( foods & o!r mat]ials ne$$ 9 ,europe w be high1 :ile ! prices ( securities :i* ,europe does n ne$ & _c af=d w be l[4 ,o!r prices w rise or fall accord+ to special circum/ances4 ,l a bomb-%ell1 ! effect ( ! w> w be to disp]se or scatt] prices at all angles ( rises & falls4 ,! prices ( luxuries w be l[]$4 ,! prices ( *emicals w be rais$4 ,! same article w fall 9 price 9 "o c\ntry & rise 9 ano!r if ! transportation f ! =m] to ! latt] is int]f]$ )4 ,?is is true today ( cotton4 ,!re has already be5 a speculative movem5t to anticipate ^! *anges & arbitr>ily to m>k "s prices up & "s prices d[n4 ,b z ?is is guesswork1 & w be subject to frequ5t revision1 "o ( ! /rik+ ph5om5a w d\btless be an increase 9 ! v>iability ( prices4 ,! g5]al level ( prices w t5d to rise4 ,! rise w probably be greate/ 9 little c\ntries l ,belgium1 :i* are 9 ! w> zone & l>gely dep5d5t on =eign trade4 ,! rise w be less 9 ,engl& & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an on ! ,cont95t4 ,9 fact1 x is conceivable t 9 ,engl& ! ho>d+ ( money & ! %ock to cr$it1 :i* is z pr$om9ant !re z x is "h1 may actually l[] ! g5]al level ( prices dur+ ! w>1 especially if we c\ld include 9 ! index numb] ! prices ( securities1 luxuries1 & articles ( ,engli% int]nal trade4 ,if any nation tries ! old exp]im5t ( pay+ its bills 9 irr$eemable pap] money1 t desp]ate exp$i5t w h ! same result t x did ) u dur+ ! civil w>4 ,inflation ( ! curr5cy w expel gold f t c\ntry & raise its price level high] ?an else:]e4 ,aft] ! w> is ov] prices w probably n retreat1 b w move upw>d ev5 fa/] ?an be=e4 ,!re may !n come ! famili> boom p]iod1 :i* may culm9ate 9 a comm]cial crisis 9 a few ye>s aft] ! close ( ! w>1 z 0 true aft] ! ,crimean w>1 ! ,am]ican civil w>1 & ! ,franco-,prussian w>4 ,! reb\nd w probably be fa/e/ 9 ,engl&4 ,/ati/ical price curves ( _m nations usually %[ an upw>d turn :5 w> beg9s & ano!r :5 x ends4 ,! w> w ?us aggravate a rise ( prices already 9 prospect4 ,x w\ld take consid]able space to give1 completely1 ! reasons = ^! progno/ications1 b ,i h tri$ to ju/ify !m 9 a brief add5dum to a book to be issu$ ?is week on ,:y ,is ! ,doll> ,%r9k+8 ,! sudd5 lightn+ bolt ( w> produc$ z "o ( its fir/ economic effects a g5]al dislocation ( cr$it ma*9]y 9 ,europe & to "s ext5t 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,we he>d at once t lett]s ( cr$it ( travel]s 9 ,europe 7 unca%able4 ,gold 0 ho>d$ ev]y:]e4 ,x is e/imat$ t ab\t #cj1jjj1jjj 9 gold 0 ho>d$ 9 ,new ,york 9 ! fir/ week 9 ,augu/4 ,runs on banks 7 frequ5t4 ,bank res]ves 7 deplet$4 ,! moratorium 0 resort$ to to avoid a g5]al cataclysm ( bankruptcies :i* might h occurr$--n f actual insolv5cy b f m]e insuffici5cy ( ca%4 ,to me "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ph5om5a 0 ! promptness & effectiv5ess ( ! co-op]ative actions by :i*1 s f>1 any bus9ess cataclysm has be5 avoid$4 ,! closure ( ,/ock ,ex*anges p]haps sav$ u f g5]al f9ancial panic4 ,mo/ /rik+ ( all is ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ! _w h come to ! rescue ( bus9ess4 ,^? ( u :o 7 br\ght up 9 ! old laissez-faire s*ool h to rub our eyes4 ,_h ! _w be5 guid$ by laissez-faire ideas1 9 ?is em]g5cy we %\ld 9 all probability h witness$ by ?is "t ! greate/ collapse ( cr$it ! _w has ev] se54 ,almo/ all ! l>ge & effective measures to meet ! _m em]g5cies aris+ 7 tak5 by ,gov]nm5ts4 ,! moratorium mu/ be c\nt$ among ! ,gov]nm5tal acts :i*1 s f> at lea/1 h sav$ ! day = bus9ess cr$its4 ,9 ,engl& ! ,gov]nm5t p]mitt$ susp5sion ( ! ,bank act1 7n ( ! ,bank1 z _m ,am]icans seem to imag9e47 ,improvis$ ,acc\nt+ ,me?ods4 ,! ,bank ( ,engl& has be5 enabl$ to r$isc\nt a great mass ( acceptances by ! gu>antee ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t aga9/ loss 9 s do+4 ,^! 9 ! end w am\nt to sev]al hundr$ millions ( doll>s4 ,em]g5cy notes 7 issu$ by ,gov]nm5tal au?ority on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic1 & 9 ! arrangem5ts made = special gold funds 9 ,canada & 9 ,france ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,engl& & ,france play$ ! important p>ts4 ,?us h be5 improvis$ me?ods ( int]national acc\nt+ by :i* ! transportation ( gold balances may be def]r$ & l>gely disp5s$ )4 ,our own ,gov]nm5t has co-op]at$ 9 ! curr5cy ex*ange & cr$it situation 9 _m ways4 ,x made provision = s5d+ gold to ,europe = our /r&$ c\ntrym54 ,x promptly revis$ ! bank+ & %ipp+ laws4 ,:e!r fur!r in/ability w be f\nd to ne$ su* bol/]+ we _c be sure4 ,! pres5t outlook is t bus9ess conditions are fairly s\nd & /able4 ,9 :i* direction across ! ,atlantic ! title to gold w t5d to *ange _c z yet be =ese54 ,x w dep5d l>gely on h[ mu* ,europe wants our products & h[ l>ge a sacrifice %e is will+ to make 9 sell+ u h] securities4 ,x w also dep5d on possible issues ( pap] money4 ,=tunately1 we are ! happy possessors ( ov] #a1ejj1jjj1jjj 9 gold1 & x is inconceivable t any l>ge "p ( ?is %\ld fl[ out--unless we %\ld be s ins5sate z to inflate ! curr5cy4 ,if we keep our heads1 we %all at ! end ( ! w> be 9 ! pr\d position ( be+ ! only great nation ^: economic res\rces h n ev5 be5 /ra9$4 ,effects ( ,w> on ,am]ica ,by ,rol& ,g4 ,u%]4 ,head ( ,dep>tm5t ( ,hi/ory at ,wa%+ton ,univ]sity2 au?or ( ,pan-,g]manism1 ,! ,rise ( ! ,am]ican ,p1 c4 ,f ,! ,bo/on ,transcript1 ,sept4 #b1 #aiad4 ,! ev5ts ( ! la/ few days ( ,july1 #aiad1 %[$ ! ,am]icans ! f>-rea*+ effects ( a /ate ( w>4 ,!re are n[ few :o w\ld say1 z us$ to be s common1 t a ,european w> w\ld make no diff]5ce to u4 ,! clos+ ( ! ,new ,york ,/ock ,ex*ange1 ! great %ipm5ts ( gold & its consequ5t sc>city 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! clos+ ( ! ,new ,engl& cotton mills1 ! cessation ( export to ,europe & ( transatlantic communication ) ! ,cont95t 7 in/antane\s effects ( a w> #c1jjj miles away obvi\s ev5 to ! apa!tic & ! he$less4 ,) ^! we h n "h to d2 su* are already pa/ hi/ory4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a legitimate field = speculation z to ! probable effects on ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ! cont9uation ( ! /ate ( w> 9 ,europe = mon?s or ye>s4 ,! p]man5t results ( a w> naturally _c be pr$ict$ 9 advance1 b 9 ! light ( ! hi/ory ( ! pa/1 c]ta9 *anges & developm5ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates appe> s probable if ! w> cont9ues z to rea* almo/ ! realm ( c]ta9ty4 ,ne$less to say1 ! ,european w> w n involve ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 actual ho/ilities4 ,x is highly improbable t ei!r our army or our navy w see s]vice4 ,we are too di/ant f ! seat ( w>2 too entirely devoid ( int]e/s ! combatants might s]i\sly injure :i* a resort to w> c\ld rem$y2 too completely incapable ( aid+ or abett+ "o or ! o!r 9 arms to cause !m to assail u4 ,ev5 7 we n z a nation ( a peaceable disposition1 ev5 _h we n a ,presid5t bless$ ) a s+ul>ly cle> head & able to keep 8 temp]1 we %\ld /ill /& little *ance ( go+ to w>4 ,"o ev5tuality alone might affect u--,japan might attempt "s measures ( aggression 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ :i* w\ld int]e/ u z possessors ( ! ,philipp9es1 b t is practically =eclos$ by h] (ficial ann\ncem5t t %e w side ) ,engl&4 ,! effects ( ! w> ^u ! ,unit$ ,/ates w be indirect effects2 !y w be economic 9 "*1 ?\gh f>-rea*+ & significant = e man1 woman1 & *ild 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! economic /ructure ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates re/s today ^u ! assumption ( ! int]dep5d5ce ( int]national trade1 ^u an int]national division ( labor1 :]e ,engl& makes "s ?+s1 ,g]many o!rs1 & we /ill m1 all ( :i* are ex*ang$4 ,9 a s5se ea* c\ntry manufactures & produces = ! :ole _w1 & 9 turn expects ! re/ ( ! _w to buy its products & to manufacture & produce ?+s = its consumption4 ,:ile some?+ ( ?is sort has always be5 true 9 int]national trade1 ! process rea*$ dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury an unprec$5t$ developm5t :i* actually made c\ntries int]dep5d5t1 or1 if y w1 actually dep5d5t = ! necessities ( life ^u ea* o!r's prosp]ity & cont9u$ activity4 ,h& 9 h& w5t ! expansion ( ! int]national cr$it /ructure1 bas$ ^u public confid5ce 9 ! mutual hone/y ( m]*ants1 until f9ally p]sonal *ecks h begun to be ex*ang$ 7betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,engl& at lea/7 at p> & )\t inve/igation or previ\s indorsem5t by ! banks on :i* !y 7 drawn4 ,) ! outbreak ( w> a /rik+ & artificial *ange1 a totally uneconomic & unnatural factor1 came to trans=m ! situation & leave ! ,unit$ ,/ates = all practical purposes 9 contact ) only two ( h] really l>ge cu/om]s4 ,we h no m]*ant m>9e & _c !re=e avail ourselves ( our neutral /atus to trade ) ! bellig]5ts4 ,we %all be compell$ 7= a "t at lea/7 to %ip 9 ,engli% bottoms to su* ports z ,engli% %ips c make--:i* w practically be limit$ to ,engl&1 ,france1 ,portugal1 ,spa91 & ! ,m$it]ranean ports4 ,! ord9>y comm]cial roads to ,russia ?r\gh ! ,baltic are automatically clos$ by ! location ( ! ,g]man fleet1 & probably ,engl& & ,france1 depriv$ ( o!r outlets = _! own trade1 w ne>ly monopolize ! trade ) ,russia ?r\gh ! ,m$it]ranean & ! ,black ,sea4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! mobilization ( armies & fleets 9 ,europe w draw millions ( m5 f ! field & factories :]e !y h be5 accu/om$ to make :at we h usually b\ght4 ,! w> w va/ly dim9i% & 9 _m cases /op altoge!r ! /ream ( imports to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,^! millions ( m5 9 ! field & on ! sea w n possess mo/ ( ! economic wants !y _h 9 "t ( peace & w become consci\s ( _m :i* !y usually did n feel4 ,! w> w dim9i% & 9 _m cases entirely /op ! /ream ( ord9>y ,am]ican exports to ,europe4 ,because ( ! /oppage ( ! ,european supply ( ?+s we h usually b\ght ( !m1 & ! cessation ( a ,european dem& = ?+s we h usually sold to !m1 ! conditions ( ! home m>ket1 bo? 9 reg>d to :at we mu/ buy 9 x1 & to :at we mu/ sell 9 x1 w be vitally *ang$4 ,:5 our pres5t supplies ( ,european importations are exhau/$1 we %all be oblig$ to make = ea* o!r & buy f ea* o!r ! ?+s :i* we happ5 to be no long] able to import or export4 ,a great readju/m5t ( ! economic fabric 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w take place if ! w> la/s long] ?an a comp>atively %ort "t4 ,h[ long a "t t mu/ be w dep5d entirely ^u ! %>pness ( ! break 9 ! economic life ( ,europe1 & ! am\nt ( supplies !y h on h&1 :i*1 z !y w n n[ ne$ !m at home1 !y w be anxi\s to sell 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,inde$1 x w\ld n be surpris+ if !re 0 = a %ort "t a glut ( ,engli% & ,fr5* manufactur$ goods 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates m>ket4 ,europe ,may ,dep5d ,on ,u4 ,( late ye>s ! comm]cial relation%ip betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,europe has *ang$ v greatly4 ,= c5turies we 7 a debtor community1 buy+ l>gely f ,europe1 possess$ only ( crude /aple products = export1 & sc>cely able by a s]ies ( exp$i5ts & ex*anges to pay = :at we b\ght4 ,tobacco = _m decades1 !n cotton1 7 ! only commodities ( :i* mu* 0 export$ direct to ,europe4 ,!n came1 dur+ ! ,european fam9es ( #ahdf1 #ahfa1 & #ahfb1 an enorm\s dem& = ,am]ican gra94 ,yet only dur+ ! la/ few decades h we be5 able to export l>gely manufactur$ products or be5 able to deal ) ,europe on an equality ( t]ms4 ,we are no long] a debtor nation2 we are no long] dep5d5t ^u ,europe2 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is an integral & ess5tial "p ( ! int]dep5d5t int]national economic fabric4 ,inde$1 if ! w> cont9ues t5 ye>s1 ,europe may be dep5d5t ^u u4 ,9 a s5se we are n ready to meet ! crisis4 ,dur+ ! la/ t5 or fifte5 ye>s ! exports ( food/uffs h fall5 (f greatly1 & ! supply 9 ?is c\ntry has actually decl9$ 9 proportion to population4 ,!re has be5 also a mo/ m>k$ increase 9 ! exports ( manufactur$ goods & a decid$ increase 9 ! importation ( raw mat]ials1 includ+ food/uffs4 ,n[ w come an enorm\s dem& f ,europe = ! v ?+s ( :i* we h n produc$ s mu* & export$ little or no?+--bacon1 eggs1 butt]1 beef4 ,! dem& w also be greatly increas$ = wool5 clo?1 raw lea!r1 %oes1 /eel 9 all its =ms1 railroad equipm5t ( all sorts1 automobiles & ma*9]y1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 coal & gasol9e4 ,to supply ?is dem& old indu/ries w be exp&$ & new ones creat$1 & a %ift ( capital & labor w inevitably take place to ! indu/ries = :i* a dem& becomes cle> 9 ,europe1 z soon z x seems reasonably c]ta9 t ! w> w la/1 beyond ! pres5t ye>4 ,an ,am]ican ,m]*ant ,m>9e4 ,above all1 an ,am]ican m]*ant m>9e is likely to be se5 aga9 ^u ! seas4 ,!re w be ,g]man %ips 9 pl5ty = sale1 9 all probability1 unless ,g]many w9s an imm$iate victory on ! sea1 & ! advantage ( an unque/ion$ neutral /atus1 easily obta9$ by a bona-fide pur*ase1 w be s great t ,am]ican capital w probably inve/ l>gely 9 freight /eam]s & ocean l9]s4 ,x seems entirely unlikely t ,engl&1 :ile %e rema9s mi/ress ( ! seas1 %\ld recognize z valid ! regi/ration 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( vessels actually own$ by bellig]5ts or reg>d z any?+ m ?an masqu]ad+ _! appe>ance "u ! ,am]ican flag4 ,engl& has nev] recogniz$ any "o's "r to d any?+ at sea 9 "t ( w> :i* did n accrue directly to h] own b5efit4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to say t %e w n all[ trade ) ,g]many or ,au/ria :ile %e c prev5t x4 ,! only refuge w be ! sale ( ! %ip by ! =eign own] to ,am]icans :o w trade ) ,engl&1 h] allies1 & /rictly neutral nations4 ,z always 9 "t ( w>1 private]+ & smuggl+ w be pr(itable1 & trade ) ,g]many1 unless %e is imm$iately victori\s at sea1 w (f] to ! adv5tur\s pl5ty ( risk & ! c]ta9ty ( huge pr(its4 ,dur+ ! ,napoleonic w>s ! flats & b>s ( ! ,g]man coa/ along ! ,nor? ,sea (f]$ light vessels a great opportunity & ! pursu+ w>%ips great ob/acles4 ,a mod]n motor-driv5 light craft w n[ h an enorm\s advantage ov] de/roy]s or cruis]s4 ,"h1 z a c5tury ago1 _m an ,am]ican w f9d an opportunity to make a =tune4 ,! preoccupation ( ,europe ) ! w> & ! op5+ ( ! ,panama ,canal w af=d ! ,unit$ ,/ates an unrival$ opportunity to develop trade ) ,canada1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,india1 ,*9a1 & ! ,f> ,ea/ 9 g5]al4 ,we h nev] bulk$ l>ge 9 ! eyes ( ^! c\ntries & !re has be5 mu* speculation z to ! reasons :y ! ,g]man succe$$ s well 9 ,s\? ,am]ica & :y ! ,engli%man did s mu* bus9ess 9 ,*9a4 ,:e!r f s5tim5t or f a national habit t pref]s ,engli% goods1 ! ,engli% colonies h b\ght m l>gely ( ! "m c\ntry ?an !y h ( u4 ,b n[ t ! w> has clos$ ! ,g]man factories1 call$ ,g]man comm]cial ag5ts home1 & s5t ,g]man %ips rac+ to neutral h>bors2 n[ t ! ,panama ,canal br+s u "s ?\s&s ( miles ne>] to ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal& ?an !y are to ,london via ,suez2 n[ t ,engl& w be busy manufactur+ = ,europe & w h less to sell h] colonies1 ^! p>ticul> p>ts ( ! _w w probably be compell$ to look = _! manufactur$ goods to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,inde$1 if "o 7 n afraid ( be+ accus$ ( gross exagg]ation1 he might take he>t & proclaim 8 conviction t a long & really inclusive ,european w> w\ld give ! ,unit$ ,/ates a practical monopoly ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican & ,pacific trade1 provid$ always t ! ,unit$ ,/ates acquire by pur*ase a m]*ant m>9e & t ! ,panama ,canal becomes feasible 9 ,janu>y = l>ge %ips4 ,=eign]s ,leav+ ,am]ica ,"o o!r effect ( ! w> has already begun to reveal itself 9 ! emigration f ,am]ica ( ?\s&s ( ,s]vians1 ,au/rians1 ,russians1 ,g]mans1 ,fr5*m51 go+ home to take _! places 9 ! ranks4 ,:ile _m ( ^! m5 are brave & honorable citiz5s1 ! fact t !y respond to su* a call proves !m n yet ,am]icans4 ,! w> w t5d to remove a goodly "p ( ! di/9ctly =eign elem5t 9 ! c\ntry1 ! "p n yet amalgamat$1 & !re=e ! "p mo/ ali5 to our in/itutions & ! mo/ difficult to place 9 our social /ructure4 ,if ! w> cont9ues1 ,europe w draw e able-bodi$ man :o c be influ5c$ to g4 ,f> m important1 immigration w probably become negligible n only dur+ ! w>1 b = "s "t aft] x4 ,usually ! reason = leav+ home lies 9 ! cr[d$ population ( ,european ,/ates & ! lack ( opportunity = advancem5t1 plus ! glib tongue ( "s ag5t ( a contractor or ( a /eam%ip company4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ^? :o h come h n be5 desirable additions to our population because !y came f nations ali5 9 blood1 language1 religion & in/itutions1 & 7 n !re=e easily knit into our national /ructure & absorb$4 ,!re w be little1 if any1 fur!r immigration4 ,! m5 are want$ = ! army & w n be all[$ to leave dur+ ! w>4 ,aft] peace is re/or$1 !y w be imp]atively ne$$ 9 ! fields & factories & e ef=t w be made to reta9 !m4 ,9 fact1 x does n take any wild /ret* ( ! imag9ation = "o acqua9t$ ) ! results ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> & ( ! ,napoleonic w>s to conceive t1 f ! view ( economic opportunity & rew>ds1 ,europe might become a m favorable sc5e = ! truly capable & ambiti\s ?an ,am]ica is today4 ,! t5d5cy ( a w> is to absorb ! be/ ( a nation & to leave ! dregs4 ,= ! p[] ( organization & ! fire ( initiative ,europe w at no di/ant date be ready to pay well4 ,! ,effect ( ,economic ,readju/m5t4 ,unque/ionably ! economic readju/m5t :i* ! w> w =ce ^u ! ,unit$ ,/ates w h an imm$iate & s]i\s effect on individuals4 ,"s w pr(it l>gely & promptly4 ,all :o at pres5t possess l>ge /ocks ( food1 lea!r1 oil1 wool5 clo? w be able to dispose ( !m at enorm\s pr(its4 ,f ! great] volume ( freight ! railroads w b5efit directly4 ,b :ile ! f>m]s & cattle-m51 ! /eel & oil k+s are rejoic+ 9 ! opportunity1 all indu/ries :i* dep5d *iefly ^u exportation or :i* manufacture an am\nt beyond ! normal ,am]ican dem&1 w be clos+ ! factories or curtail+ ! output4 ,= a "t c]ta9 individuals1 p]haps a relatively l>ge numb] ( individuals1 w suff] inconv5i5ce1 loss1 anxiety1 & ev5 privation4 ,b ! va/ dem& = labor 9 o!r indu/ries1 & ! almo/ c]ta9 ext5sive dem& = relatively unskill$ labor ought n to make ! p]iod ( transition long or ! am\nt ( suff]+ consid]able4 ,aft] all1 ! va/ majority ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are connect$ ) f>m+1 ) ! manufacture or production ( ! v ?+s = :i* !re w mo/ likely be a great dem&1 or ) ! transportation & di/ribution ( bo? imports & exports to ! re/ ( ! community4 ,9 c]ta9 indu/ries1 l ! manufacture ( cotton clo?1 :i* is localiz$ 9 ,new ,engl& to su* an ext5t t :ole di/ricts are dep5d5t ^u x = a livelihood1 ! di/ress w be great1 = ! factories clos$ ^u ! decl>ation ( w> & ! work]s are a long di/ance f ! ,we/]n fields1 :]e labor]s are only too sc>ce4 ,! *eap5+ ( transportation1 ! rapidity ( communication1 ! sup]ior mobility ( ! population today ov] t5 ye>s ago1 make x probable t ^! p w soon f9d new places4 ,concomitant ) ! w> came a rise ( prices4 ,food/uffs especially advanc$ %>ply & w c]ta9ly cont9ue to rise until "s mat]ial increase ( ! supply is assur$ beyond a p]adv5ture4 ,! t5d5cy 9 ,engl& & above all on ! ,cont95t = ! cities to buy great supplies to gu>d aga9/ possible want w increase ?is t5d5cy4 ,b1 )\t "q1 %\ld ! w> la/1 a rise 9 ! :ole level ( prices ( ev]y?+1 includ+ labor1 w take place 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x w affect "s individuals adv]sely1 b = mo/ w be 9 ! long run almo/ negligible4 ,= ^? :o actually produce or h&le goods :i* advance 9 price ! result w be a pr(it1 because ! price ( ! commodity !y h to sell w almo/ c]ta9ly advance soon] & fa/] ?an ! prices ( ! commodities !y !mselves are compell$ to buy4 ,9 "t ! two w equalize & !y w be precisely :]e !y 7 be=e ! w>2 !y w pay out ) "o h& :at !y take 9 ) ! o!r4 ,9 ne>ly all cases :]e ! individual produces or %>es 9 ! production ( an actual commodity a g5]al rise 9 prices1 ev5 to ! ext5t :i* ?is w> ?reat5s to produce1 w be to him only a tempor>y advantage or disadvantage4 ,true1 wages & sal>ies 9 indu/rial pursuits w n q keep pace ) ! rise 9 food/uffs1 & factory work]s & cl]ks w n b5efit to ! same ext5t nor z soon z ! f>m]s w4 ,p ^: incomes are d]iv$ f /ocks 9 ! bus9esses :i* prosp] w probably receive mu* m ?an !y pay by reason ( ! increas$ prices ( o!r commodities1 & c]ta9ly _c be worse (f ?an be=e4 ,am]ica's ,real ,suff]]s4 ,! real suff]]s 9 ,am]ica w be ^? :o hold /ock 9 ! ent]prises :i* fail or cease to op]ate1 & t f> l>g] class :o are dep5d5t on a fix$ sal>y4 ,pr(essors & tea*]s ( all sorts & grades2 p liv+ on annuities or small incomes d]iv$ f bonds or real e/ate2 ^? dep5d5t on ! r5t d]iv$ f leases = a t]m ( ye>s ( dwell+ h\ses1 (fice build+s & ! l1 ^! w lose a mat]ial am\nt1 exactly 9 proportion to ! rise 9 prices4 ,to t ext5t1 ! pur*as+ p[] ( ! /at$ numb] ( doll>s !y receive w depreciate & t mu* !y w lose beyond a p]adv5ture4 ,9 "t1 "s relief w be af=d$ by a t>dy rise 9 sal>ies1 by ! expiration ( leases & ! paym5t ( bonds1 b ! actual losses ( ! int]v5+ ye>s h nev] be5 9 any way refund$ 9 l cases 9 ! pa/4 ,= "s individuals1 !n1 ! ,european w> w spell /rict economy2 = a comp>atively few1 let u hope1 ru94 ,= ! c\ntry z a :ole1 consid]$ z a social & economic unit1 a long w> w introduce an era ( a/\nd+ prosp]ity4 ,nev] be=e has ! c\ntry _h1 & c]ta9ly x w nev] aga9 h1 almo/ a monopoly ( ! _w's trade ?ru/ into its h&s4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates w h only "o real competitor1 ,engl&1 &1 %\ld ! ,engli% ,navy prove itself less capable ?an is expect$1 or %\ld ,engl& & h] colonies be =c$ to ord] a g5]al mobilization ( _! armies1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates might conceivably rema9 ! only great m]cantile community to :i* ! _w c\ld look = supplies4 ,no su* ev5tuality ne$ be pr$icat$ to prove t ! cont9uation ( ?is w> or a s]ies ( w>s w create a dem& = manufactur$ goods su* z our m]*ants h nev] dream$ (4 ,& !y w comm& w> prices4 ,x means employm5t ) ri* rew>d = capital & labor alike--a va/ly increas$ =eign m>ket1 a mu* great] dome/ic m>ket1 high prices1 & a /eadily voraci\s dem& = ! entire output4 ,! result w be ! rapid div]sification ( indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! creation ( indu/ries nev] be=e possible because ( ,european competition1 ! inv5tion ( ma*9es to meet new ne$s4 ,! normal economic developm5t w be accel]at$ decades4 ,aft] ! close ( ! ,european w>1 :5 manufactur+ & production are resum$1 ,am]ica w f9d h]self ov]produc+ & face to face ) ano!r economic readju/m5t necess>y to meet ! new situation4 ,!n w ensue a comm]cial crisis ) all its att5dant suff]+ & tr\ble su* z ! ,unit$ ,/ates has probably nev] se5 & :i* w be viol5t & s]i\s 9 proportion to ! l5g? ( ! w>4 ,g]many ( ! ,future ,,an ,,int]view ,,) ,m4 ,,de ,,lapr$elle4 ,ex*ange ,pr(essor f ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is at ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,by ,edw>d ,m>%all4 ,9 ! ,am]ican press ,fr5* views ( ! great w>'s significance h be5 less common ?an ,briti% views & f> less frequ5t ?an ,g]man views4 ,!re=e1 ?is talk ) ,m4 de ,lapr$elle1 ,ex*ange ,pr(essor f ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is at ,columbia1 w h especial int]e/4 ,?is v di/+ui%$ ,fr5*man1 al?\gh b #dc ye>s old1 has won high em95ce 9 8 native l&1 especially 9 ! doma9 ( int]national law1 :i* is 8 bran* at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,also he is ,directeur de ,recuel des ,arbitrages ,int]nacioneaux1 he is ! editor ( ,! ,int]national ,law ,review 9 ,p>is1 he is a memb] ( ! ,committee on ,int]national ,law = ! ,fr5* ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 he is a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,committee on ,a]ial ,navigation1 he is ,g5]al ,secret>y ( ! ,fr5* ,society ( ,int]national ,law1 & he occupies o!r important po/s & be>s o!r important s*ola/ic honors4 ,he is a cauti\s conv]sationi/1 z might be expect$ ( "o :o has s deeply delv$ into ! mo/ cauti\s ( all pr(essions1 b 9 ! m9d ( ! ?\ghtful read] ?is %\ld add to ! value ( 8 utt]ances1 :i*1 z express$ 9 ! foll[+ columns1 7 c>efully revis$ by him be=e go+ into type4 ,i ask$ ,m4 de ,lapr$elle to e/imate ! great w>'s probable effect ^u education4 ,( c\rse x is too e>ly to guess intellig5tly1 he repli$1 = ! effect ( ! w> w be dep5d5t entirely ^u ! results ( ! w>1 &1 :ile we ( ! ,allies h no d\bt ( our ultimate victory1 x is ! fact t victory has n be5 won z yet by ei!r side4 ,9 talk+ ) y my impulse is to assume :at ,i feel 9 my he>t--! c]ta9ty ( ,g]man defeat1 b ,i mu/ n d t1 al?\gh all ! lett]s :i* ,i get f ! front & f ,p>is express a gr[+ confid5ce 9 ! victory ( ! ,allies4 ,b x is too e>ly to attempt intellig5t detail$ prophecy z to ! effect ( ! great /ruggle ^u ! _w's philosophy1 or ^u any o!r phase ( its intellectual developm5t4 ,almo/ c]ta9ly1 h[ev]1 a reaction aga9/ c]ta9 ,g]manic influ5ces w be app>5t aft] ! w> ends1 = ! _w w n want ev] to risk repetition ( ! horrors ( ?is /ruggle1 & x w be pla9 t !y 7 ! inevitable fruit ( ,g]many's attempt at intellectual dom9ation4 ,?is ,g]man assumption 0 due1 l>gely1 to _! victory 9 #ahgj1 b x w5t f> beyond ! b\nds ( reason1 f> beyond ! fields 9 :i* ,g]man a*ievem5t really _h e/abli%$ legitimate supremacy4 ,! mom5tum ( victory (t5 has l$ humanity into excess4 ,x l$ ,g]many into excessive claims ( social sup]iority & into an excessive assumption ( intellectual supremacy4 ,ev5 9 ! eyes ( o!rs x gave ,g]many an unw>rant$ intellectual pre/ige4 ,really1 ! ,g]man is n a big ?9k]2 he is an imm5sely c>eful ?9k]4 ,above ev]y?+1 ! ,g]man is an obs]v]--a v dilig5t obs]v]--& 8 m5tal eyes are likely to be s close to ! wall t he sees only a s+le brick 9 x1 :olly fail+ to get a compreh5sive view ( ! :ole /ructure4 ,g]mans are v c>eful /ud5ts4 ,!y atta* a va/ importance to detail4 ,i ?9k x is n unfair to say t1 ) ! ,g]man1 ! small]1 ! m m9ute ! detail1 ! m x int]e/s him4 ,! ,g]man loves to write a big book on a small subject1 &1 lov+ x1 he does x well4 ,b !re are m exalt$ tasks1 z1 = example1 ! writ+ ( big books ^u big subjects1 giv+ ! _w fre% visions ( new & f>-flung vi/as4 ,! ,g]man loves to catalogue & catalogues almo/ ) g5ius2 he loves to deliv] long lectures ^u microcosms4 ,catalogu+ & ! ne>-sight$ness :i* may arise f int5se /udy ( ! atom1 to ! exclusion ( ! collective organism1 :e!r t collective organism be ! human individual or ! social mass1 may r5d] imm5se s]vice to ! _w1 b x nev] w be ! only s]vice necess>y1 &1 if pursu$ to ! exclusion ( all o!r inve/igations1 su* /udy is likely to produce an aggravat$ n>r[ness ( vision4 ,n>r[ vision is c]ta9 to ev5tuate 9 selfi%ness4 ,! ,g]mans became selfi% aft] ?is fa%ion4 ,! pres5t /ruggle is ! w> ( selfi%ness aga9/ _w advance4 ,innum]able1 or at lea/ _m1 individuals h furni%$ small] p>allels to ! c\rse :i* ,g]many has tak5 z a nation4 ,! individual ) ! truly & exclusively sci5tific m9d is likely to g too f> into ab/ractions1 built f a possible mis9t]pretation ( m9utiae4 ,! ideal national intellectual developm5t w comb9e bo? fact & !ory1 w jo9 rationalism to idealism1 & w be f> m l t ( c]ta9 nations :i* ,i %all n "n ?an x w be l t ( ,g]many4 ,^! nations :i* ,i %all n "n h bo?4 ,9 o!r words1 x seems to be ! fix$ idea ( ! ,g]man t ! ,g]man civilization is ! only civilization2 b x is n ! ?\ght ( ,france or ,engl& t _! civilizations are ! only ones4 ,?is v lack ( :at may be def9$ z national egotism 9 ,france & ,engl& enables ^! nations to "w1 z ,g]many does n1 = _w sci5ce & _w developm5t--! gr[? ( civilization z a :ole4 ,g]many's sci5tific "w is = ,g]man sci5ce1 %e ?9ks ( civilization only z ,g]man civilization4 ,! _w's o!r great nations--& may ,i say ! _w's great ,lat9 nations especially8--int]nationalize _! sci5ce & _! civilization4 ,:y ! ,philosoph] ,is ,important4 ,"o mu/ be /ruck by ! fact t ,g]many's critical philosophy =m$ ! basis ( h] educational sy/em &1 !re=e1 ! basis ( h] social sy/em1 & t x _h 9 x ! basis ( ! w>4 ,x _c be d5i$1 ,i ?9k1 t h] education1 z well z h] politics & milit>ism1 directly po9t$ to ?is great conflict4 ,inde$1 ! indu/rialism1 ! politics1 ! philosophy ( ,g]many all f9d _! logical expression 9 pres5t ev5ts4 ,hegel 0 ! fir/1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury1 to insi/ ^u ! ideas :i*1 already be+ p>am\nt 9 him1 quickly became p>am\nt 9 8 foll[]s1 s]v+ z ! basis = ! developm5t ( ,prussia4 ,to him ?is repres5t$ all & ev]y?+2 to him div9ity on e>? 0 inc>c]at$ 9 ! ,/ate1 &1 !re=e1 ! developm5t ( ! ,/ate1 n ju/ice1 01 9 8 m9d1 ! object ( all law4 ,s9ce ?is beg9n+ t has be5 ! consi/5t ,g]man viewpo9t1 & increas+ly s4 ,! glorification ( ! ,/ate has includ$1 ( necessity1 ! sacrifice ( ! individual1 & ?is has be5 conduct$ ru?lessly 9 ,g]many itself4 ,( c\rse ! ,/ate :i* consid]s x "r to sacrifice ! individuals ( its own citiz5%ip w be sure to consid] x "r to sacrifice ! individuals ( o!r nations' citiz5%ips4 ,t expla9s :y int]national law nev] has be5 consid]$ b9d+ by ! ,g]man2 x expla9s :y int]national law 0 n consid]$ b9d+ :5 ,belgium /ood 9 ! pa? ( ,g]many's m>* t[>d ,p>is4 ,int]national law nev] has b\nd ! ,g]man2 x nev] w b9d him until he *anges 8 national psy*ology4 ,ih]+1 "o ( ,g]many's greate/ !oretical juri/s & a s*ol> 9 ! matt] ( ,roman law1 decl>$1 ',"r is ! *ild ( might4' ,he did n say exactly t "r is might1 b he def9$ x z '! *ild ( might4' ,t may be tak5 z ! ,g]man keynote1 = ?is man is ( su* great influ5ce 9 ,g]many t 8 utt]ances mu/ h an enorm\s effect4 ,treits*ke1 ! hi/orian1 9 8 tea*+ 9 ,b]l91 naturally drew "s ( 8 inspiration f ^! two m54 ,= him ! ,/ate ne$ consid] no law save t :i* w promote its own expansion4 ,moral law1 he holds1 ne$ n & mu/ n /& 9 ! way ( ! prosp]ity & gr[? ( ,/ates1 z x frequ5tly mu/ ob/ruct ! prosp]ity & gr[? ( individuals4 ,"u ?is !ory ! ,/ate has two functions--^! are1 inside ! c\ntry1 to make law2 outside ! c\ntry1 to make w>4 ,g]many d5ies ! "r ( an extrane\s law to decide ^u ! details ( "r & wrong )9 a c\ntry1 & t is :y ,g]many defies & ev5 d5ies int]national law4 ,if x happ5s t a treaty :i* ! ,/ate has ent]$ into lat] proves to be ob/ructive to "s expansion :i* is ?\ght to be a necessity ( ! ,/ate's de/9y1 t treaty may be disreg>d$ ) ! full approval ( ,g]many's national morality1 al?\gh simil> conduct on ! "p ( an individual 9 ,g]many w\ld be consid]$ highly repreh5sible4 ,! ,/ate may b9d itself to secure advantage1 b1 also1 x may unb9d itself to secure advantage1 & ?is )\t consultation )1 or ! approval (1 ! o!r p>ty or p>ties to ! contract4 ,?is !ory becomes confus+ to ! /ud5t re>$ 9 o!r nations "u diff]5t educational influ5ces4 ,x indicates beyond contradiction t ,g]many feels no s5se ( duty t[>d o!r nations1 b only an obligation to fur!r h] own int]e/s4 ,g]many has imm5se patriotism b no humanit>ianism4 ,h] only duty is to h]self4 ,h] national egotism c be *>act]iz$ by no o!r ^w ?an selfi%ness4 ,x is a curi\s ph5om5on t at a "t :5 humanit>ianism 9 its broade/ s5se has become ! keynote ( all o!r ( ! great nations x has n become at all ! keynote ( ,g]man civilization4 ,teutonic ,sup]excitation4 ,x is impossible t su* pride1 su* a s5se ( arrogant national sup]iority z t :i* m>ks ,g]many1 %\ld ma9ta9 among a democratic p2 x is possible only to a v ari/ocratic c\ntry4 ,:at has happ5$ is its logical outgr[? 9 ! c\ntry :i* x has infect$4 ,9 ,g]many ?is s5se ( national pride1 ( intol]ance ( o!rs1 ev5 ( contempt = o!rs1 has be5 develop$ until x am\nts to sup]excitation4 ,x n only affects ,g]many's relations to o!r peoples1 b x affects ! relations ( ,g]mans to "o ano!r4 ,diff]5t classes ( ! ,g]man population cont9ually exhibit x 9 _! deal+s ) "o ano!r4 ,x is cont9ually illu/rat$ 9 ^? ev5ts :i* h be5 ! wond] ( visit+ =eign]s--episodes ( ! contemptu\s ill-treatm5t ( subord9ate ,g]man soldi]s by _! sup]iors4 ,x goes beyond t1 manife/+ itself 9 ! treatm5t ( all civilians by ! l[e/ soldi]1 &1 fur!r /ill1 9 ! attitude ev5 ( ! l[e/ civilian to all =eign]s1 ev5 ! highe/4 ,! ,g]man individual may n consid] himself sup]ior to all individuals ( o!r nationalities1 b he w be sure to consid] 8 nation s f> sup]ior to e o!r t !re c be no comp>ison betwe5 x & !m4 ,8 is a peculi> arrogance4 ,x is n at all p]sonal2 x is purely national2 b none ! less x is arrogance1 & all arrogance is dang]\s4 ,a hi]>*y always exi/s 9 ari/ocratic c\ntries2 ! hi]>*ical idea has be5 develop$ fur!r 9 ,g]many ?an else:]e4 ,?is has giv5 ,g]many an un=tunate impulse4 ,if to ?is impulse we add t o!r born ( all h] v>i\s victories s9ce #ahff1 especially ^? :i* 7 won :ile ,g]many 0 realiz+ ,bism>ck's dream ( triumph '?r\gh fire & blood'--h] indu/rial victories1 h] sci5tific advance1 h] social progress--& consid] ! ,g]manic t5d5cy t[>d egotism1 we d n f9d ourselves surpris$ :5 we f9d1 exam9e1 & appraise exactly :at we h today 9 ,g]many4 ,! p]v]sion ( national s5tim5t into national arrogance has be5 ! def9ite1 al?\gh1 p]haps1 unrealiz$ & un9t5d$1 aim ( e educational influ5ce :i* has be5 at "w 9 ,g]many s9ce #ahgj4 ,x has am\nt$ to an unp>allel$ p]v]sion ( a nation's s5tim5t t[>d all ! outside _w4 ,?is w> m>ks ! crisis ( ?is ,g]man pride4 ,g]many's c\rse ?r\gh\t has borne all ! e>m>ks ( a national ego-mania4 ,! :ole ,g]man p1 z a nation1 n always1 p]haps1 z individuals1 h fall5 victim to ! mo/ colossal attack ( ego-mania :i* ! _w ev] has kn[n4 ,comb9e ?is ego-mania ) ano!r delusion--! entirely unju/ifi$ conclusion t ,g]many 0 ! object ( a worldwide p]secution--& x is unnecess>y to se>* fur!r = ! causes ( ! w>1 j z x is unnecess>y to se>* fur!r = reasons = ! comb9ation ( practically all o!r ,europe aga9/ ,g]many4 ,:at w\ld ,g]man victory mean to ! _w1 if ,g]man victory came1 save ! worldwide dom9ance ( ,g]man egotism1 impos$ at ! exp5se ( e o!r p8 ,france w\ld n escape1 ,engl& w\ld n escape1 &1 ,i assure y1 y1 ,am]ica1 w\ld n escape4 ,g]man victory w\ld be f> m ?an a ,european disa/]--x w\ld be a _w disa/]4 ,( all ! nations 9 ! _w p]haps ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,france h /ood mo/ notably = ! ideas ( int]national ju/ice4 ,?is really makes y\r int]e/ 9 ! outcome ( ! pres5t w> indirectly z great z ours4 ,i _c see h[ ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c feel o!rwise ?an t n only _! he>ts b _! reason dem&s victory = ! ,allies1 n because ( any wi% = ! de/ruction ( ,g]many1 b because ( ! wi% = ! pres]vation ( ! _w4 ,inde$1 x is inconceivable t victory = ! ,allies c mean de/ruction = ,g]many4 ,x c mean only ! de/ruction ( ,g]man milit>ism1 :i* has br\ght ab\t ! p]v]sion ( ! ,g]man m9d4 ,no abl] m9d exi/s4 ,its release f ! ?ralldom :i* has fett]$ x w\ld be a va/ _w s]vice1 w\ld1 inde$1 be a va/ b5efit to ,g]many h]self4 ,x is curi\s1 b true1 t ,i believe ,g]many's own salvation dep5ds ^u h] absolute defeat 9 ?is great w>4 ,a few weeks be=e ! w> began ,pr(4 ,s*uck+ express$ regret t ,g]many--t is1 ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t--%\ld be s antagoni/ic to int]national _s4 ,! fact t he made ?is expression %[s t1 9 spite ( & beyond milit>y ,g]many1 ! intellectual lite1 ! cream ( ! lite 9 ,g]many1 has rema9$ fai?ful to ! traditions ( ! great philosoph]1 ,kant4 ,! intellectual lite--! cream ( ! lite--!re=e may be absolv$ f all responsibility4 ,loyalty to ! tea*+s ( ,kant w make x possible = ! fri5ds ( humanity 9 all nations to jo9 ) ,g]many = human advancem5t on ! basis ( univ]sal ju/ice4 ,aft] ! victory ( ! ,allies a new ,g]many w appe>2 x w be a lib]al ,g]many1 will+ to r5\nce ! n>r[ ,prussian ideals1 f9d+ aga9 ! old ,g]man ideal 9 its dis9t]e/$ =m1 a ,g]many :i* w be able to jo9 h&s ) o!r nations1 to help !m 9 tak+ up aga9 ! works ( int]national civilization1 :i* ,prussian ,g]many h]self brutally br\ght to an end1 ) insol5t scorn ( "r--an act = :i* %e is n[ pay+ & mu/ pay ! p5alty4 ,g]many ! ,aggressor ,by ,alb]t ,sauveur4 ,pr(essor ( ,metallurgy at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,times3 ,g]man pr(essors & editors & o!r ,g]man sympa?iz]s 9 ! pres5t /ruggle ( nations h attempt$ ! difficult task ( conv9c+ ! ,am]ican public1 fir/1 t ,g]many 0 n ! aggressor1 &1 second1 t %e is conduct+ a w> ( civilization direct$ prim>ily aga9/ ,russia1 t ,europe may n fall "u ,muscovite dom9ation4 ,! ,g]man ,*ancellor has made simil> claims1 :ile 9 ! ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]1 publi%$ 9 full 9 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,times ( ,aug4 #bd1 x is likewise attempt$ to fa/5 ! responsibility = ?is w> on ,g]many's oppon5ts4 ,a close & imp>tial /udy ( bo? ! ,engli% & ,g]man ,:ite ,pap]s mu/ suffice to conv9ce ! read] t ,g]many cle>ly 0 ! aggressor & t ,engl& made e possible ef=t fir/ to prev5t a w> betwe5 ,au/ria & ,s]via & lat] to localize ! conflict4 ,g]many1 on ! contr>y1 by insi/+ f ! />t t !re %\ld be no int]v5tion 9 ! settlem5t ( ! dispute betwe5 ,s]via & h] ally1 ,au/ria1 made a ,european w> inevitable4 ,! sophi/ry1 inaccuracies1 & unw>rant$ conclusions ( ! ,g]man pr(essors & editors h n help$ _! cause4 ,! irrefutable facts rema91 fir/1 t ,au/ria ) ! k & approval ( ,g]many pres5t$ to ,s]via an ultimatum s word$ t %e knew t ! conditions impos$ c\ld n be compli$ ) by any nation reta9+ a sp>k ( self-respect2 second1 t aft] ,s]via _h accept$ ,au/ria's ultimatum ) ! s+le exception ( ! mo/ (f5sive clause1 :i* %e propos$ to submit to arbitration1 ,au/ria1 ) ,g]many's cons5t1 proclaim$ h]self unsatisfi$ & imm$iately decl>$ w> on ,s]via2 ?ird1 t ,g]many & ,au/ria knew t a w> ) ,s]via meant a w> ) ,russia1 & t a w> ) ,russia meant a g5]al ,european conflagration2 f\r?1 t ,g]many decl>$ w> on ,russia1 />t$ ! invasion ( ,france be=e decl>+ w>1 &1 by refus+ to respect ! neutrality ( ,belgium1 to :i* %e 0 solemnly pl$g$1 =c$ bo? ,belgium & ,engl& into ! w>4 ,9 ! face ( s flagrant a violation ( all s5tim5ts mak+ = peace no sophi/ry w avail 9 attempt+ to protect ,g]many f ! odium ( be+ responsible = ! greate/ calamity ! civiliz$ _w has ev] se54 ,we are told t ,g]many is conduct+ ?is w> 9 ! int]e/ ( civilization1 t h] *ief purpose is to protect ,europe f ! dom9ation ( ! ,slav4 ,& to w>d (f ?is ,muscovite dang] ,g]many is at pres5t mak+ desp]ate ef=ts to cru% ,engl& & ,france1 ! /&>d be>]s ( democracy 9 ,europe6 ,9 h] w> = civilization %e is employ+ ! me?ods ( b>b>ian tribes1 me?ods condemn$ by civiliz$ nations & :i* h already horrifi$ ! _w4 ,x is h>dly conceivable t ,russia1 :i* ! ,g]man ,*ancellor describes z a semi-,asiatic1 slightly cultur$ b>b>ic nation1 c\ld h committ$ 9 ,belgium ! atrocities imput$ to ! ,g]mans _h %e conqu]$ t c\ntry 9 simil> circum/ances4 ,x is manife/ t ,g]many's supreme desire is to fa/5 ,teutonic rule on ,europe1 to cru% ,russia1 to be sure1 b also to cru% ,france & ,fr5* civilization & to r$uce ,engl& to ! rank ( a second-class nation4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is is a /ruggle betwe5 milit>ism & its evils z repres5t$ by ! ,hoh5zoll]n dyna/y & democracy z repres5t$ by ,engl& & ,france4 ,,alb]t ,,sauveur4 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,sept4 #e1 #aiad4 ,milit>ism & ,*ri/ianity ,by ,lyman ,abbott4 ,a ,lett] to ,! ,new ,york ,sun4 ,editor 9 ,*ief ( ,! ,outlook2 au?or ( num]\s works on !ology1 religion1 & democracy4 ,to ! ,editor ( ,! ,new ,york ,sun3 ,9 answ] to y\r reque/ = a /atem5t ( ! causes & mean+ ( ! ,european w> ,i write ) necess>y brevity1 bo? because ( ! limits on my "t & ! limits on y\r cr[d$ columns4 ,:at is ! cause ( ! explosion ( a p[d] magaz9e8 ,! gases /or$ 9 ! p[d]4 ,! light$ mat* is ! occasion1 n ! cause ( ! explosion4 ,! cause ( ! ,european w> is ! _s ( envy1 jeal\sy1 selfi%ness & suspicion 9 ! s-call$ ,*ri/ian nations4 ,! assass9ation by a ,s]vian ( ! ,cr[n ,pr9ce ( ,au/ria 0 only ! light$ mat* :i* set ! ,european combu/ibles 9 flame4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates we recognize ! tru? t ! int]e/s ( ea* ,/ate are id5tical ) ! int]e/s ( ! ,union1 & t no ,/ate c p]man5tly prosp] by reason ( ! mis=tune ( its neighbor4 ,9 ! ,g]man ,empire s9ce its unification ea* pr9cipality simil>ly recognizes t ! int]e/s ( ! ,g]man ,empire & ! int]e/s ( ! sev]al pr9cipalities are ess5tially id5tical4 ,b !re is no su* recognition ( ! common int]e/ b9d+ ! w>r+ nations ( ,europe toge!r4 ,ea* nation looks ) envy on ! prosp]ity ( its neighbor & acts ^u ! assumption t its neighbor is a rival1 & t its own comm]ce & weal? c be built up only at ! exp5se ( its rival4 ,new ,york is q will+ t ! h>bor ( ,bo/on %\ld be improv$4 ,brem5 is q will+ t ! h>bor ( ,hamburg %\ld be improv$4 ,! we/ coa/ ( ,engl& does n object to h>bor facilities on ! ea/ coa/ ( ,engl&4 ,b ,g]many envies ,engl&'s h>bor facilities1 & ,engl& & ,g]many are bo? resolv$ to prev5t if possible ,russia f gett+ h>bor facilities on ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,n e individual ,g]man1 ,au/rian1 ,fr5*man1 & ,engli%man holds ?is op9ion1 b ! policies ( ^! nations are gov]n$ by ?is _s ( int]national rivalry4 ,a /rik+ illu/ration ( ?is _s1 p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ illu/ration 9 mod]n int]national life1 is furni%$ by ! milit>y p>ty 9 ,prussia4 ,g54 ,b]nh>di1 9 a volume entitl$ ,g]many & ! ,next ,w>1 has giv5 :at may be reg>d$ z a semi-(ficial int]pretation ( ,g]man milit>ism4 ,he holds t life is a /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ) a survival ( ! fitte/1 & ! /ronge/ is ! fitte/2 t a milit>y organization con/itutes ! true /r5g? ( a nation2 t !re is no high] p[] 9 human life1 c]ta9ly none 9 int]national life1 ?an ! p[] ( physical =ce2 t only ! /rong nation has a "r to exi/1 & he objects to int]national arbitration because x recognizes ! "r to life ( a small nation4 ,9 ?is volume he calls on ,g]many to e/abli% a _w sov]eignty by =ce ( arms1 & he indicates :at %\ld be ! tw(old purpose ( ,g]many 9 ! next w>1 namely1 to cru% ,france & to e/abli% su* _w sov]eignty ( ,g]many4 ,milit>ism to ,blame4 ,x 0 ?is _s :i* l$ ,g]many into ! pres5t w>2 ?is _s :i* d5i$ t ,belgium _h any rights :i* ,g]many 0 b\nd to respect2 ?is _s :i* inspir$ ! milit>y p>ty 9 ,g]many to reg>d its treaty ) ,france & ,engl& gu>antee+ ! neutrality ( ,belgium z only a scrap ( pap]1 & ?is _s :i* c\ld n & app>5tly /ill does n compreh5d :y ,belgium %\ld be b\nd 9 honor to def5d h] neutrality1 or :y ,engl&1 ) no v direct & imm$iate int]e/s to protect1 %\ld feel h]self b\nd to come to ! def5se ( h] weak] neighbor4 ,! delay ( ! ,g]man ,army1 :i* is likely to prove disa/r\s to h] designs1 has demon/rat$ 9 h] own *os5 field t !re is a =ce 9 national honor & national consci5ce :i* c put up a v effici5t resi/ance to ,krupp guns4 ,x is a great mi/ake to suppose t all ,g]many is actuat$ by ?is _s ( milit>ism4 ,fr$]ick ,william ,wile1 = ov] sev5 ye>s ! *ief ,g]man correspond5t ( ,! ,london ,daily ,mail1 9 an article 9 ,! ,outlook rec5tly said3 ,!re are #ff1jjj1jjj ,g]mans2 #fe1jjj1jjj ( !m did n want w>2 ! o!r million are ! w> p>ty4 ,b he adds t n[ ,g]many is absolutely unit$ & t ! ,g]mans w n /ack arms till ! la/ among !m capable ( %\ld]+ a rifle is incapacitat$1 till ! la/ copp] pf5nig capable ( pur*as+ ammunition ( w> has vani%$ f _! impov]i%$ grasp4 ,!re is 9 ?is no?+ extraord9>y4 ,:oev] is responsible = br++ on ! w>1 ! int]e/s1 ! welf>e1 & 9 "s s5se ! honor ( ,g]many are app>5tly involv$ 9 x4 ,& yet x may be true1 & ,i believe x is true1 t ! defeat ( ,g]many w be its salvation1 = x w be ! ov]?r[ ( ! _s ( milit>ism inh]it$ f ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 & ?is has be5 ! bane ( ! ,g]man ,empire4 ,9 our civil w> !re 0 at fir/ only a m9ority 9 mo/ ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 9 favor ( secession1 b :5 ! national troops invad$ ,virg9ia ! ,s\? 0 z unit$ = ,/ate indep5d5ce z ! ,nor? 0 = national union1 & yet today x w be difficult to f9d any:]e 9 ! ,s\? an intellig5t man :o does n recognize ! tru? t ! defeat ( secession & ! emancipation ( ! slave h be5 ( ine/imable b5efit to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,i make no attempt "h to apportion ! responsibility = ?is w> betwe5 ! sev]al p[]s engag$ 9 x4 ,h[ev] ?is responsibility mu/ be %>$ among !m ,i c see b "o mean+ 9 ! awful campaign4 ,! victory ( ,g]many w\ld mean ! victory ( ,prussian milit>ism4 ,! defeat ( ,g]many w mean ! defeat ( ,prussian milit>ism1 ! rehabilitation ( ,g]many z a great indu/rial & educational p[] 9 ! _w1 & probably ! practical ov]?r[ ( milit>y autocracy 9 all ,we/]n ,europe4 ,div9e ,"r ( ,k+s ,obsolete4 ,! campaigns ( ,napoleon end$ = ,we/]n ,europe ! ,div9e "r ( ,k+s4 ,! campaigns ( ! ,allies w end = ,we/]n ,europe ! ,div9e "r ( ! arm$ man4 ,! ,russo-,japanese w> gave to ,russia its fir/ repres5tative assembly1 ! ,duma4 ,x is n unreasonable to hope t ! pres5t ,european w> w result 9 greatly enl>g+ ! p[]s ( ! ,duma & e/abli%+ true con/itutional gov]nm5t 9 ,g]many1 a gov]nm5t 9 :i* ! ,m9i/ry w be responsible n to ! ,emp]or b to ! ,rei*/ag2 & ! p[] bo? ( ! purse & ! sword w n be 9 ! h&s ( an ari/ocratic olig>*y b 9 ! h&s ( ! common p4 ,x is n /range t m5 %\ld po9t to ?is1 p]haps ! greate/ w> ( hi/ory1 z an evid5ce t ,*ri/ianity is a failure4 ,if ,*ri/ianity pr(ess$ to be able by a miracle to trans=m human nature at once1 su* a w> w\ld be fatal to its claim4 ,b no su* claim c be made = ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is a great human movem5t1 a phase ( ! gradual evolution ( man1 gov]n$ by consci5ce & reason1 out ( ! brute1 gov]n$ by appetite & passion4 ,man z he is se5 9 ! _w to day is an unf9i%$ product4 ,he is 9 ! mak+4 ,! be/ t c be said ( a ,*ri/ian is t he is fur!r along t[>d ! goal ( humanity ?an ! b>b>ian4 ,!ological doctr9es su* z ! ,tr9ity1 ! ,atonem5t1 & ! l are n ! ess5tial doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ess5tial doctr9e is t life is a /ruggle = o!rs z well z = self2 t 9 ?is /ruggle e "o owes a duty to 8 neighbor1 & ! /rong] he is & ! great] ! ne$ ( 8 neighbor ! m imp]ative is 8 duty2 t z ! fa!r & ! "m c>e =1 educate & gov]n _! *ild until he gr[s able to c>e =1 educate & gov]n himself1 s always ! /rong m5 & wom5 owe ! duty ( protection1 education1 &1 9 "s measure1 gov]nm5t to ! weak] ( ! human race until !y h outgr[n ! ne$ = x4 ,9 s f> z autocracy is ! rule ( ! few = ! b5efit ( ! few x is paganism4 ,9 s f> z democracy is ! rule ( ! _m = ! b5efit ( ! _m x is ,*ri/ianity4 ,he :o believes ?is w p]haps believe ) me t 9 a true s5se ?is is a religi\s w>1 ! w> ( consci5ce1 honor1 ! moral s5se aga9/ ! rule ( ! bayonet & ! bullet4 ,! cynic :o ?9ks ?is w> demon/rates ! failure ( ,*ri/ianity %\ld n =get su* facts z ! h]oic /ruggle ( ,belgium to ma9ta9 h] neutrality1 ! resolve ( ,engl& at e co/ to ma9ta9 h] pl$ges to ,belgium1 ! ,r$ ,cross foll[+ ! armies 9 ! field & m9i/]+ to ! sick1 ! w\nd$ & ! suff]+1 reg>dless ( _! nationality1 ! g5]al k9d treatm5t to prison]s1 acc5tuat$ by "s v horrible exceptions1 & all ?is contra/$ ) ! enslav+1 tortur+1 ! crucify+1 ! flay+ alive ( prison]s captur$ 9 w> by b>b>ic nations be=e ! dawn ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,,lyman ,,abbott4 ,cornwall-on-,hudson1 ,sept4 #ag1 #aiad4 ,,vigil ,by ,,hort5se ,,flexn]4 ,i h wait$ ) my mo!rs d[n ! dim1 unc]ta9 ages1 ,i h wait$ 9 ! cave & hut & t[]1 ,f ! fir/ dawn's nameless fe> ,to ! dea?-li/ po/$ "h ,i h sla9 my s\l 9 wait+1 h\r by h\r4 ,"u pelt ( bea/1 trap-tak51 or ! leaves by *ance w9ds bl[1 ,"u tunic1 peasant hemp1 or clo? ( gold1 ,by ! fire1 9 l[ flame burn+1 ,i h cr\*$ 9 sil5ce1 ye>n+1 ,& z n[1 my helpless he>t has wait$ cold4 ,anci5t is ! "p ,i play--l a cloak ( heavy m\rn+1 ,i take x1 b5d+1 f a million wom5's h&s4 ,!y h worn x1 !y h torn x1 ,agoniz+1 !y h borne x1 ,& its folds are d>k ) he>t-break ( all l&s4 ,oh1 ! woman figure /&+1 ) ! face t[>d ! horizon1 ,oh1 ! h& above ! eyes to ease ! /ra96 ,gaunt & b>r51 /rick51 lonely1 ,) ! empty memories only1 ,we h /ood1 ! dry-ey$ s5tries ( our pa94 ,no?+ we c d to /op !m1 no?+ we c say to hold !m2 ,tak+ sunlight1 laught]1 y\?1 !y sw+ away1 ,& ! ?+s !y leave gr[ /range1 ,h\se & /reet & voices *ange1 ,b ! wom5 & ! burd5$ h\rs /ay4 ,i h wait$ ) my mo!rs d[n ! dim1 unc]ta9 ages1 ,:ile my *ildr5 die1 ,i pray ! c5turies ?r\gh1 ,& ,i wond] 9 my fe> ,at ! dea?-li/ po/$ "h ,if ,god has left ! wom5 wait+1 too6 ,nietzs*e & ,g]man ,culture ,by ,abraham ,solomon4 ,a ,lett] to ,! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,sir3 ,^? :o trace ! ,g]man milit>i/ic doctr9es to ,nietzs*e's influ5ce commit ,pa/or ,m&]'s s9 :5 he told ,mrs4 ,alv+ to b> f h] libr>y a book :i* he _h nev] read4 ,nietzs*e 0 an invet]ate enemy ( effici5cy1 a/igmatic ) reg>d to practical life1 & he nev] work$ out a philosophy 9 ! accept$ s5se ( ! t]m4 ,he 0 a lyric poet :o wrote psy*ology :5 he fail$ to su/a9 ! poetic mood4 ,9 ! ,engad9e & at ,sils-,m>ia1 brood+ 9 a rocky void :]e9 he t\*$ ! %>p edge ( inf9ity1 he sang a ,dionysian hymn to life aga9/ ! melan*oly products ( ,g]man le>n+ & aga9/ ^? ,nihili/ic sn>es :i* he ?\ght lurk$ 9 ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,!re he work$ out ! my/ic idea ( ,et]nal ,recurr5ce & 8 song ( ,z>a?u/ra ) ! bell /rokes ( noon4 ,:at he knew ( hi/ory he us$ = an analysis ( values1 & n = ,/ate polity4 ,he %rank f ! irritations ( reality1 & he _h little pati5ce ) ! national mania cultivat$ aft] ,s$an1 w>n+ 8 c\ntry t _! victory 0 n "o ( a sup]ior culture1 t ,g]many _h no /yle b a b>b>ic mixture ( _m /yles2 & he po9t$ out ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 culture & erudition4 ,8 unf9i%$ "w1 ,! ,w to ,p[]1 0 an attempt to h\se 8 lyric passions 9 an ar*itectural frame4 ,! faade ( ! /ructure1 z po/hum\sly reveal$ to u1 is an indication t he 0 really engag$ 9 build+ a ,t[] ( ,babel4 ,p[]1 ,affirmation1 ,yea-,say+ he consid]$ ! attributes ( life1 & he f\nd 9 !m recomp5se = 8 weakness & 8 lack ( capacity = happ9ess4 ,he 0 a ma/] ( ! exquisite nuances ( vision1 b s9ce he t\*$ real life at ! circumf]5ce1 & n at ! c5tre1 8 philosophical valuations are biz>re1 & h only a lit]>y value4 ,x is sup]ficial to make ,treits*ke & ,b]nh>di 8 disciples1 z "s ,am]ican writ]s h made ,roosevelt 8 disciple4 ,treits*ke is a heavy-foot$ hi/orian :o rais$ ! axiom ( self-pres]vation into a philosophy ( =ce4 ,von ,b]nh>di's book1 ?\gh extreme 9 its expression1 is bas$ on ! fundam5tal tru? t if ,g]many desir$ a j proportion ( ov]sea t]ritories 7a proportion d5i$ h] by ,engl&7 %e w\ld h to ga9 x by =ce ( arms4 ,9 ! developm5t ( ?is idea he makes _m g5]alizations calculat$ to dazzle ! multitude & to imbue x ) ! c\rage to expansion4 ,treits*ke w\ld h re/$ 9 obscurity b = ! w>2 ,b]nh>di does n pret5d to tal5ts z a philosoph]4 ,! real orig9 ( ,g]many's policy 9 ! la/ =ty ye>s may be d]iv$ f ! em95tly practical & direct m9d ( ,bism>ck4 ,f read+ ( hi/ory he le>n$ t *icane & =ce _h be5 utiliz$ z ! roads to p[]1 ( :i* fact he f\nd ample demon/ration 9 ! hi/ories ( ,engl& & ,russia4 ,he prov$ himself a true adept by us+ *icane & =ce to a*ieve ,g]man unity1 aft] ! !ori/s _h fail$4 ,^? :o glibly condemn a lyric philosoph] 9 ord] to make out a case aga9/ ,g]many reveal ! weakness ( _! position4 ,x is /range t ^! lant]n-ey$ critics hav5't cit$ ,he9e z an enemy ( democracy because he ador$ ,napoleon4 ,0 x because ,he9e liv$ = ye>s 9 ,p>is on ! adulation ( advanc$ fem99es8 ,,abraham ,,solomon4 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #ac1 #aiad4 ,belgium's ,bitt] ,ne$ ,by ,sir ,gilb]t ,p>k]4 ,sir ,gilb]t ,p>k]1 ,m4,p41 w5t to ,holl& at ! reque/ ( ! ,am]ican ,committee = ! ,relief ( ,belgium a week ago to inquire into ! "w ( ! committee & ! ne$s ( ! ,belgians4 ,sir ,gilb]t visit$ fronti] t[ns & ! camps ( ! refugees = ! purpose ( mak+ a p]sonal inve/igation into ! conditions4 ,t he is deeply impress$ by ! desp]ate ne$ ( ! ,belgians may be ga!r$ f ! foll[+ graphic /atem5t & appeal1 dat$ ,dec4 #e1 #aiad1 to ! ,am]ican p3 ,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! w> ! he>ts ( all humane p h be5 tortur$ by ! suff]+s ( ,belgium4 ,= myself ! m>tyrdom ( ,belgium _h be5 a nightm>e s9ce ! fall ( ,lige4 ,:oev] or :atev] c\ntry is to blame = ?is w>1 ,belgium is innoc5t4 ,h] h&s are free f /a94 ,%e has kept ! fai?4 ,%e saw x ) ! eyes ( duty & honor4 ,h] ,gov]nm5t is c>ri$ on 9 ano!r l&4 ,h] ,k+ is 9 ! tr5*es4 ,h] army is decimat$1 b ! la/ decimals fight on4 ,h] p w&] 9 =eign l&s1 ! highe/ & l[e/ look+ = "w & bread2 !y _c look = homes4 ,^? left beh9d huddle ne> ! ru9s ( _! %att]$ villages or take refuge 9 t[ns :i* _c fe$ _! own citiz5s4 ,abyss ( ,want & ,woe4 ,_m cities & t[ns h be5 completely de/roy$2 o!rs1 r$uc$ or %att]$1 /ruggle 9 va9 to fe$ _! poor & brok5 populations4 ,/ones & a%es m>k ! places :]e small communities liv$ _! peaceful lives be=e ! invasion4 ,! ,belgian p live n[ 9 ! abyss ( want & woe4 ,all ?is ,i knew 9 ,engl&1 b knew x f ! reports ( o!rs4 ,i did n1 c\ld n1 "k :at ! de/itution1 ! desolation ( ,belgium 01 :at 7 ! imp]ative ne$s ( ?is p1 until ,i got to ,holl& & to ! bord]s ( ,belgian t]ritory4 ,inside t t]ritory ,i c\ld n pass because ,i 0 a ,briti%]1 b !re ,i c\ld see ,g]man soldi]s1 ! ,l&wehr1 keep+ gu>d ov] :at !y call _! new ,g]man prov9ce4 ,belgium a ,g]man prov9ce6 ,!re at ,maa/ri*t ,i saw fugitives cross+ ! fronti] into ,holl& ) all _! worldly goods on _! %\ld]s or 9 _! h&s1 or ) no?+ at all1 seek+ hospitality ( a little l& :i* itself feels1 ?\gh x is neutral1 ! pa9ful /ress & co/ ( ! w>4 ,!re1 on ! fronti]1 ,i 0 /&+ betwe5 ,dut* soldi]s & ,g]man soldi]s1 s ne> ! ,g]mans t ,i c\ld almo/ h t\*$ !m1 s ne> ?ree ,g]man (fic]s t _! conv]sation z !y salut$ me rea*$ my e>s4 ,i beg9 to und]/& :at ! suff]+s & ne$s ( ,belgium are4 ,!y are su* t ! horror ( x almo/ p>alyzes expression4 ,i met at ,maa/ri*t ,belgians1 repres5tatives ( municipalities1 :o said t !y _h food = only a =tnight long]4 ,& :at 0 ! food !y _h8 ,no meat1 no vegetables1 b only "o-?ird ( a soldi]'s rations ( bread = ea* p]son p] day4 ,at ,lige1 z ,i write1 !re is food = only ?ree days4 ,:at is x ! p ( ,belgium ask =8 ,!y ask = bread & salt1 no m1 & x is n =?com+4 ,!y d n ask = meat2 !y _c get x4 ,!y h no fires = cook+1 & !y d n beg = petrol4 ,money is ( little use to !m1 because !re is no food to be b\ght ) money4 ,belgium "u ord9>y circum/ances imports five-six?s ( ! food %e eats4 ,! ord9>y *annels ( sale & pur*ase are clos$4 ,!y _c buy & sell if !y w\ld4 ,repres5tatives ( ,belgian communities told me at ,maa/ri*t ye/]day t ! crops 7 tak5 f _! fields--! :eat & potatoes--& 7 s5t into ,g]many4 ,no ,"w1 b ,taxes ,cont9ue4 ,!re is no "w4 ,! factories are clos$ because !y h n raw mat]ial1 coal1 or petrol1 because !y h no m>kets4 ,& yet w> taxes are fall+ ) hide\s pressure ^u a p ^: h&s are empty1 ^: work%ops are clos$1 ^: fields are idle1 ^: cattle h be5 tak51 or compulsorily pur*as$ )\t value receiv$4 ,9 ,belgium itself ! mis]y ( ! populace is great] ?an ! mis]y ( ! ,belgian fugitives 9 o!r c\ntries1 su* z ,holl&1 :]e !re h come s9ce ! fall ( ,lige "o & a half million ( fugitives4 ,to gauge :at t mis]y 9 ,belgium is1 ?9k ( :at ev5 ! fugitives suff]4 ,i h se5 9 a room )\t fire1 ! walls damp1 ! floor )\t cov]+1 n ev5 /raw1 a family ( n9e wom5 & eight *ildr51 "o on an improvis$ bunk s]i\sly ill4 ,_! home 9 ,belgium 0 level$ ) ! gr\nd1 ! fa!r kill$ 9 battle4 ,_! food is c(fee & bread = breakfa/1 potatoes = d9n]1 ) salt--& 9 hav+ ! salt !y 7 lucky--bread & c(fee = supp]4 ,insuffici5tly clo!d1 !re by ! ,nor? ,sea1 !y wat*$ ! bleak h\rs pass1 ) no?+ to d except cl+ toge!r 9 a va9 attempt to keep w>m4 ,multiply ?is case by hundr$s ( ?\s&s & y w h "s h9t ( ! p's suff]+s4 ,9 a light] on ! ,riv] ,maas at ,rott]dam1 )\t w9d[s1 )\t doors1 ) only an op5 hat*way f :i* a ladd] desc5ds1 sev]al hundr$ fugitives sp5d _! nights & ! be/ p>ts ( _! days 9 ! iron hold1 =ev] cov]$ ) moi/ure1 leaky :5 ra9 comes1 ) ! floor nev] dry1 & p]vasive ) a p]petual smell l ! smell ( a cave :i* nev] gets ! light ( day4 ,"h m51 wom51 & *ildr5 7 huddl$ toge!r 9 a promiscu\s communion ( mis]y1 made inf9itely m pa!tic & he>tr5d+ because none compla9$4 ,at ,ros5daal1 at ,s*ev5+51 ,eysd51 & ,flu%+1 at a doz5 o!r places1 ^! gha/ly ?+s are repeat$ 9 "o =m or ano!r4 ,holl& has %elt]$ hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 b %e c\ld n 9 a mom5t organize ev5 adequate %elt]1 mu* less com=ts4 ,9 ,b]g5-op-,zoom1 :]e ,i write ^! words1 !re h come s9ce ! fall ( ,antw]p #cjj1jjj hungry m>*]s1 ) no res\rces except :at !y c>ry ) !m4 ,?is little t[n ( #ae1jjj p did its be/ to meet ! t]rible pressure1 & its citiz5s w5t )\t bread !mselves to fe$ ! refugees4 ,h[ c a small municipality sudd5ly deal ) s va/ a cata/rophe8 ,yet sl[ly "s sort ( ord] 0 organiz$ out ( *aos1 & :5 ! ,gov]nm5t 0 able to e/abli% refugee camps ?r\gh ! milit>y ! wor/ conditions 7 mod]at$1 & n[1 9 t5ts & 9 vans on a =tunately situat$ piece ( l&1 ov] #c1jjj p live1 s f> z com=ts are conc]n$1 l ,kaffirs 9 ,k>oo or aborig9es 9 a camp 9 ! back blocks ( ,au/ralia4 ,! t5ts are cramm$ ) p1 & life is r$uc$ to its b>e/ elem5ts4 ,/raw1 bo>ds1 & a few blankets & di%es = rations--t con/itutes ! mnage4 ,*ildr5 are born 9 ! hugg] mugg] ( su* conditions1 b ! good ,holl& citiz5s see t ! *ildr5 are c>$ = & t ! babies h milk4 ,devot$ prie/s tea* ! *ildr51 & ! value ( milit>y organization illum9ates ! :ole panoply ( mis]y4 ,yet ! be/ ( ! refugee camps w\ld seem to ,am]ican citiz5s l ! d>k & dreadful life ( an und]world1 9 :i* is nei!r "w1 purpose1 nor opportunity4 ,x is a sight repugnant to civilization4 ,! sadde/1 mo/ he>tr5d+ ?+ ,i h ev] se5 has be5 ! pati5ce ( e ,belgian1 :atev] 8 /ate1 ,i h met4 ,among ! ?\s&s ( refugees ,i h se5 9 ,holl&1 9 ! long /ream t cross$ ! fronti] at ,maa/ri*t & besieg$ ! doors ( ! ,belgian ,consul :ile ,i 0 !re1 no man1 no woman rail$ or declaim$ aga9/ ! horror ( _! situation4 ,! pa?os ( lonely1 />+1 apa!tic endurance is tragic beyond words4 ,s grateful1 s simply grateful1 are !y1 e "o1 = :atev] is done = !m4 ,none ( ! ,refugees ,begs4 ,none begs1 none asks = money1 & yet on ! faces ( ^! fronti] refugees ,i saw />k hung]1 ! weakness come ( long weeks ( fam9e4 ,"o man1 "o =tunate man f ,v]vi]s1 told me he c\ld pur*ase z mu* z #bs4 #h;d4 wor? ( food = himself1 8 wife1 & *ild = a week4 ,?9k ( x1 ,am]ican citiz5s6 ,sixty-six c5ts' wor? ( food = a man1 8 wife1 & *ild = a :ole week1 if he 7 p]mitt$ to pur*ase t mu*6 ,sixty-six c5ts6 ,t is :at an av]age ,am]ican citiz5 pays = 8 d9n] 9 8 own home4 ,he _c get breakfa/1 he c only get half a breakfa/1 = t at ! ,waldorf or ! ,plaza 9 ,new ,york4 ,?is man 0 only all[$ to pur*ase t mu* food if he c\ld1 because if he pur*as$ m he w\ld be tak+ f "s "o else1 & !y 7 liv+ on rations = ! week :i* w\ld repres5t ! food ( an ord9>y man = a day4 ,a ri* man c h no m ?an a poor man4 ,x is a democracy ( fam9e4 ,!re is en\gh food wa/$ 9 ! av]age ,am]ican h\sehold 9 "o day to keep a ,belgian = a =tnight 9 heal? & /r5g?4 ,!y want 9 ,belgium #cjj1jjj tons ( food a mon?4 ,t is _! normal requirem5t4 ,! ,am]ican ,relief ,committee is ask+ = #h1jjj tons a mon?1 "o-qu>t] ( ! normal requirem5ts1 "o-half ( a soldi]'s rations = ea* ,belgian4 ,! ,am]ican ,committee ne$s #e1jjj1jjj a mon? until next h>ve/4 ,x is a huge sum1 b x mu/ be =?com+4 ,( all ! great p[]s ( ! _w ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! only "o n at w> or 9 p]il ( w>4 ,( all ! =emo/ nations ( ! _w ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! only "o t c save ,belgium f />vation if %e w4 ,%e 0 ! only nation t ,g]many w\ld all[ a foo?old = humanity's & = ,*ri/'s sake 9 ,belgium4 ,su* an opportunity1 su* responsibility1 no nation ev] _h be=e 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,spa9 & ,italy jo9 ) h]1 b ! initiative & res\rces & organization are h]s4 ,ar\nd ,belgium is a r+ ( /eel4 ,)9 t r+ ( /eel are a disappe>+ & = ev] disappe>+ population4 ,t[ns l ,d5d]monde1 t 7 ( #aj1jjj p1 h n[ #d1jjj1 & 9 ,d5d]monde #a1bjj h\ses h fall5 "u ! iron & fire ( w>4 ,into t va/ gravey>d & camp ( ! desolate only ! ,unit$ ,/ates ent]s ) an adequate & responsible organization ^u ! mission ( humanity4 ,no su* opportunity 0 ev] giv5 to a p1 no su* te/ ev] came to a ,*ri/ian p 9 all ! records ( "t4 ,w ! ,am]ican ,nation rise to ! *ance giv5 to x to prove t its civilization is a real ?+ & t its acts measure up ) its inh]5t & pr(ess$ ,*ri/ianity8 ,i am a pr(\nd believ] 9 ! great-he>t$ness ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !re is n an ,am]ican ( ,g]man orig9 :o ought n gladly & freely give to ! relief ( p :o1 unless ! _w fe$s !m1 mu/ be ! remnant ( a nation2 & ! _w 9 ?is case is ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,%e c give mo/4 ,! price ( "o good meal a week = a family 9 an ,am]ican home w keep a ,belgian alive = a =tnight4 ,probably ! ,unit$ ,/ates has #ah1jjj1jjj homes4 ,h[ _m ( !m w d5y !mselves a meal = m>tyr$ ,belgium8 ,! mass ( ! ,am]ican p d n ne$ to d5y !mselves any?+ to give to ,belgium4 ,! :ole /&>d ( liv+ on ! ,am]ican ,cont95t1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 is s mu* high] ?an ! ,european /&>d t if !y l[]$ ! scale by "o-t5? j = "o six mon?s ! ,belgium problem w\ld be solv$4 ,i say to ! ,am]ican p t !y _c conceive :at ?is /ra9 ^u ! populations ( ,europe is at ?is mom5t1 &1 9 ! cruel grip ( ,w9t]1 hundr$s ( ?\s&s w agonize till dea? or relief comes4 ,9 ,au/ralia 9 dr\ght times va/ flocks ( %eep g travel+ ) %eph]ds look+ = food & wat]1 & no flock ev] comes back z x w5t =?4 ,n 9 flocks guid$ by %eph]ds1 b lonely1 hopeless units1 ! ,belgian p take flight1 look+ = food & %elt]1 or rema9 p>alyz$ by ! trag$y fall5 ^u !m 9 _! own l&4 ,_! suff]+s are maje/ic 9 simple h]oism & uncompla9+ endurance4 ,s maje/ic 9 proportion ought ! relief to be4 ,! ,belgian p are w>ds ( ! _w4 ,9 ! circum/ances ! ,belgian p are special w>ds ( ! "o great c\ntry t is secure 9 its peace & t by its natural in/9cts ( human sympa?y & love ( fre$om is be/ suit$ to d ! "w t %\ld be done = ,belgium4 ,if e millionaire w\ld give a ?\s&1 if e man ) #ajj a mon? w\ld give #aj1 ! ,am]ican ,committee = ! ,relief ( ,belgium1 ) its spl5did organization1 its unrival$ effici5cy1 ?r\gh :i* fl[s a tide ( human sympa?y1 w\ld be able to report at ! end ( ! w> t a small nation 9 mis=tune _h be5 sav$ f fam9e & despair by a great p f> away1 :o _h respond$ to ! call1 ,come ov] & help u6 ,,gilb]t ,,p>k]4 ,a ,,correction4 ,"u ! head ( ,russia's ',little ,bro!r1' on ,page #cfd ( ?is magaz9e hi/ory1 9 its issue ( ,dec4 #bf1 #aiad1 appe>$ a /atem5t tak5 f ,! ,new ,york ,sun ( ,oct4 #ab1 #aiad1 & attribut$ to ,george ,bakhmeteff1 ,russian ,ambassador at ,wa%+ton4 ,our att5tion has be5 call$ to ! foll[+ editorial p>agraph pr9t$ by ,! ,sun on ,oct4 #ad1 embody+ ! ,russian ,ambassador's d5ial ( its au!nticity3 ,! ,sun on ,monday pr9t$ 9 good fai? :at x believ$ to be an au?oriz$ /atem5t ( ! views & s5tim5ts ( ,mr4 ,george ,bakhmeteff1 ,russian ,ambassador to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ambassador ,bakhmeteff telegraphs to u f ,wa%+ton z foll[s3 ,i mo/ emphatically d5y hav+ spok5 "o s+le ^w to ! report] :o publi%$ an int]view ) me 9 y\r pap]4 ,i h n ev5 se5 "o1 & mu/ insi/ on y\r publi%+ ?is v categorical & direct /atem5t4 ,( c\rse1 we publi% ! ,ambassador's d5ial n less 9 ju/ice to our read]s & to ourselves ?an to him1 at ! same "t express+ our extreme regret t ,! ,sun %\ld h be5 l$ to believe t x 0 pres5t+ ! ,russian case z view$ by ,mr4 ,bakhmeteff ) 8 full acquiesc5ce4 ,we add our cordial regret to t ( ,! ,sun t ?is repudiat$ /atem5t %\ld h ga9$ fur!r circulation4--,editor4 ,engli% ,c>toon ,c]ta9ly ,n6 ,illu/ration3 --,f ,! ,sket*1 ,london4 ,,turkey1 ,,! ,,(fice ,,boy 7to 8 ma/]73 ,please1 ,sir1 c ,i h a day (f8