,illu/ration ,?is etext 0 creat$ by ,gregory ,walk]1 ,au/91 ,texas1 = ! ,digital ,dagu]reian ,ar*ive ,project4 ,page numb]s explicitly ref]r$ to 9 ! text are m>k$ at _! beg9n+ by 8page 0 on a sep>ate l9e4 ,i hope ?is etext inspires a wid] int]e/ 9 ! orig9s ( photography & 9 ! mod]n practice ( ! ,dagu]reian ,art4 ,updat]'s note3 ,9 ?is v]sion1 ! above page numb]+ conv5tion has be5 replac$ by 80 sequ5ces plac$ 9 l9e ) ! surr\nd+ text4 ,,am]ican ,,h& ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,dagu]reotype ,,giv+ ,,! ,,mo/ ,,approv$ ,,& ,,conv5i5t ,,me?ods ,,= ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,*emicals1 ,,& ,,! ,,comb9ations ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,art4 ,,conta9+ ,,! ,,dagu]reotype1 ,,electrotype1 ,,& ,,v>i\s ,,o!r ,,processes ,,employ$ ,,9 ,,tak+ ,,heliographic ,,impressions4 ,,by ,s4 ,d4 ,,humphrey ,,fif? ,,edition ,,new ,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,s4 ,d4 ,,humphrey #cg ,,lisp5>d ,,/reet #aheh ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #aheh1 by ,s4 ,d4 ,,humphrey1 ,9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,to ,j4 ,,gurney1 ,,^: ,,pr(essional ,,skill1 ,,sci5tific ,,accuracy1 ,,& ,,en]getic ,,p]sev]ance1 ,,h ,,won ,,= ,,him ,,univ]sal ,,e/eem1 ,,?is ,,"w ,,is ,,mo/ ,,respectfully ,,inscrib$4 ,,preface4 ,!re is n an ,amateur or practical ,dagu]reotypi/1 :o has n felt ! want ( a manual--,h& ,book1 giv+ concise & reliable in=mation = ! processes1 & prep>ations ( ! ,ag5ts employ$ 9 8 practice4 ,s9ce portraits by ! ,dagu]reotype are at ?is "t believ$ to be m durable ?an any o!r /yle ( 8,sun-draw+10 ! au?or has hit ^u ! pres5t z be+ an appropriate "t = ! introduction ( ! ,fif? ,edition ( ?is "w4 ,! e>li] edition hav+ a long s9ce be5 :olly2 exhau/$1 ! "o n[ be=e y is pres5t$4 ,! endeavor has be5 to po9t out ! readie/ & mo/ approv$ ,me?ods ( ,op]ation1 & cond5se 9 its pages2 z mu* practical in=mation z its limits w admit4 ,an ext5d$ ,preface is unnecess>y1 s9ce ! aim & scope ( ?is "w are suffici5tly indicat$ by ! title4 ,s4 ,d4 ,,humphrey ,,new ,,york1 #aheh4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i4 ,poli%+ ! ,dagu]reotype ,plate--,buff+ ! ,plate--,coat+ ! ,plate--,exposure ( ! ,plate 9 ! ,cam]a--,position ,develop+ ! ,dagu]reotype--,exposure to ,m]cury--,remov+ ! ,coat+--,gild+ or fix+ ! ,image--,color+ ,dagu]reotype1 4 4 4 4 4 #ah ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,color+ ,back ,gr\nds--,transp>5t ditto--,gild+ ,dissolv5t--,solution = remov+ ,specks--,sol>iz$ ,impression--,to ,purify ,wat]--,clean+ ,m]cury--,adhesive ,pap]--,black ,/a9 = ,app>atus--,seal+ ,wax = ,bottles--,r\ge--,rott5 ,/one--,potassa ,solution--,hyposulphite ,solution--,sub/itute = d4--,gild+ ,solution--,solution = increas+ ! ,brilliancy ( ! ,dagu]reotype--,blea*+ ,solution2--,cold ,gild+--,neutraliz+ ,ag5ts--,buff ,dry]--,keep+ ,buffs 9 ord]--,clean+ ,bucksk9s--,reflector = tak+ ,views1 4 4 4 4 #eb ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,brom9e & its ,comp\nds--,iod9e & its ,comp\nds--,*lor9e & its ,comp\nds--,cyanide ( ,potassium--,hyposulphite ( ,soda--,hyphosulphite ( ,gold--,nitric ,acid--,nitro-,muriatic ,acid--,hydro*loric ,acid--,hydr(luoric ,acid--,sulphuric ,acid--,accel]at+ ,sub/ances--,liquid ,s5sitives--,dry ,s5sitives1 etc41 etc41 4 4 4 4 4 #gb ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,light--,optics--,sol> ,spectrum--,decomposition ( ,light--,light1 ,heat1 & ,act9ism--,blue ,pap] & ,color = ! ,walls ( ! ,op]at+ ,room--,proportions ( ,light1 ,heat & ,act9ism compos+ a ,sunbeam--,refraction--,reflection--,l5s es--,copy+ ,sph]ical ,ab]ration--,*romatic ,ab]ration1 4 4 4 #aca ,,*apt] ,v4 ,to make ,plates = ! ,dagu]reotype--,det]m9+ ! ,"t ( ,exposure 9 ! ,cam]a--,in/antane\s ,process = ,produc+ ,dagu]reotype--,galvaniz+ ! ,dagu]reotype ,plate--,silv]+ ,solution--,dagu]reotype )\t ,m]cury--,managem5t ( ,*emicals--,h9ts & ,cautions--,electrotyp+--,crayon ,dagu]reotypes--,illum9at$ ,dagu]reotypes--,natural ,colors 9 ,heliography--,multiply+ ,dagu]reotypes on "o ,plate--,deposit 9 ,gild+--,practical ,h9ts on ! ,dagu]reotype1 4 4 4 #adi ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,wolcott & ,johnson's ,e>ly exp]im5ts 9 ! ,dagu]reotype1 4 4 4 #ahh ,,am]ican ,,h&-,,book ( ,,! ,,dagu]reotype4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,poli%+ ! ,dagu]reotype ,plate--,buff+ ! ,plate--,coat+ ! ,plate--,exposure ( ! ,plate 9 ! ,cam]a--,position--,develop+ ! ,dagu]reotype--,exposure to ,m]cury--,remov+ ! ,coat+--,gild+ or fix+ ! ,image--,color+ ,dagu]reotype4 ,poli%+ ! ,dagu]reotype ,plate4--,i %all endeavor to pres5t to ! read] ! process ,i h f\nd productive ( good & satisfactory results1 pres5t+ ! same 9 a cle> & concise mann]1 s t any "o1 by foll[+ ! v>i\s manipulations giv51 w be enabl$ to succe$4 ,if !re is any "o "p ( ! process 9 ,dagu]reotype 9 :i* op]ators fail m ?an all o!rs1 x is 9 n prop]ly prep>+ ! plate4 ,x has truly be5 said t x w\ld take a volume to describe all ! me?ods t h be5 sugge/$ = poli%+ ! plate4 ,i %all conf9e myself to ! foll[+ description1 :i* has be5 successfully practis$1 also mo/ g5]ally adopt$ by our op]ators1 & ,i believe equal1 if n sup]ior to any o!r me?od1 yet at ! same "t x is n ( s mu* importance :at p>ticul> me?od is employ$1 s t x be ?or\ghly & skillfully c>ri$ out4 ,!re is a g5]al t5d5cy ) beg9n]s to slight ?is op]ation2 h5ce ! necessity ( adopt+ a sy/em :i* precludes ! possibility ( do+ s4 ,dur+ _m ye>s' /udy & practice 9 ! art1 ,i h tri$ num]\s me?ods & sub/ances = ! bett] accompli%m5t ( ! end 9 view1 & h f9ally settl$ ^u ! foll[+1 z be+ 7s f> z exp]i5ce all[s me to ,judge7 ! modus op]&i1 be/ suit$ to all circum/ances2 "u no condition w\ld ,i approve ( a me?od less rigor\s or precise4 ,! op]ator be+ provid$ ) a bottle ( f9ely prep>$ rott5 /one1 cov] ! m\? ( ! bottle ) a piece ( ?ick pap]1 ?is p]=at$ ) a p9 s t ! rott5 /one c be du/$ on ! plate4 ,fa/5 ! plate on ! hold]1 take ! rott5 /one 7,beck]'s c always be dep5d$ ^u71 & du/ on lightly until ! surface is freely cov]$2 n[ drop on ! plate's surface a few drops ( an alcoholic solution4#a #a ,?is solution is compos$ ( equal p>ts ( alcohol & wat]1 = ! summ]1 & 9 w9t] ?ree p>ts alcohol to "o ( wat]2 a few drops ( potassa solution may be add$1 & is kn[n to h a decid$ effect ^u ! plate4 ,take a pat* ( ,canton flannel2 9 ord] to prev5t ! moi/ure f ! h& x %\ld h a ?ick1 firm texture3 ) ?is rub ! plate 9 circles across1 !n back cov]+ "o-half ( ! =m] r[ ( circles 9 ea* cross+ until y h gone ov] ! plate & back to ! po9t ( beg9n+1 occupy+ at lea/ half a m9ute 9 ! op]ation1 = a small plate1 & s 9 proportion = ! o!r sizes4 ,c>e %\ld be obs]v$ to keep ! pat* wet ) ! alcoholic solution =m+ a pa/e on ! surface ( ! plate2 ! motion ( ! h& %\ld be brisk & free1 n hurri$1 & ! pressure ab\t equal to t ( a p\nd weight4 ,:5 ! cotton is dispos$ to adh]e to ! plate1 & slip f "u ! f+]1 spread ! =e & middle f+]s a little ap>t1 !n press+ d[n1 br+ !m toge!r 9 su* a mann] z to =m a fold 9 ! clo? betwe5 !m1 by :i* means y w hold x p]fectly secure4 ,avoid wett+ ! f+]s1 & %\ld !y p]spire1 wipe !m (t51 z ! moi/ure p5etrat+ ! cotton & com+ 9 contact ) ! plate1 w\ld cause /reaks x w\ld be difficult to remove4 ,i w "h rem>k t _m op]ators use mu* m cotton flannel ?an !re is ne$ (4 ,i h f\nd 9 my exp]i5ce t a s+le pat*1 ab\t "o & half in* squ>e1 w be bett] = clean+ a numb] ( plates ?an a new piece = e plate4 ,?is is ! case = ! wet1 & = ! dryrubb+ two or ?ree pieces w be f\nd to answ]4 ,?us ) f\r or five clo?s a doz5 plates may be prep>$4 ,"s op]ators use prep>$ cotton1 & ?9k x m conv5i5t ?an ! flannel4 ,?is may be _h prep>$ free f se$s & 9 a v p]fect /ate1 if wi%$4 ,9 go+ ov] ! plate1 great c>e %\ld be obs]v$1 9 t\*+ its surface z equally z possible4 ,! greate/ c>e %\ld be tak5 nei!r to t\* ! plate ) ! f+]s1 nor t "p ( ! cotton flannel :i* is to come 9 contact ) its surface2 take a clean piece ( flannel by "o corn]1 snap x sm>tly to free x f du/ & loose fibres1 lay x face-side upw>d1 du/ on a little f9e rott5 /one2 ) ?is1 poli% ar\nd1 or across1 or 9 circles1 lightly & briskly1 pass+ gradually ov] ! :ole surface ( ! plate1 z 0 done be=e ) ! wet4 ,! plate %\ld n[ exhibit a bright1 cle>1 uni=m surface1 ) a /rong metallic lu/re1 p]fectly free f any appe>ance ( film2 if n1 ! la/ poli%$ %\ld be cont9u$ until ! effect is obta9$1 & :5 once obta9$1 ! plate is ready = buff+4 ,buff+ ! ,plate4--,!re are a v>iety ( ways & means employ$ 9 ?is "p ( ! op]ation4 ,"s *oose :eels1 & o!rs pref] ! ord9>y h&-buff4 ,i h be5 unable to detect any peculi> advantage 9 ! use ( ! :eel except 9 ! facility ( ! op]ation2 no d\bt1 h[ev]1 b !re is a sav+ ( "t1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! prep>ation ( ! l>g] plates4 ,= g5]al use1 we h n se5 a :eel bett] adapt$ = ?is purpose ?an ! "o pat5t$ by ,messrs4 ,lewis4 ,x is g5]ally well to use a h&-buff be=e plac+ ! plate on ! :eel2 ?is is 9 ord] to prev5t1 z f> z possible1 ! du/ or o!r sub/ance t may be on ! surface ( ! plate f com+ 9 contact ) ! cov] ( ! :eel4 ,i w "h foll[ out ! use ( ! h&-buffs 7two are necess>y7 z !y are mo/ly us$4 ,9 ! morn+1 be=e us+ ! buffs1 bru% bo? z clean z possible1 9 ord] to free !m f du/2 !n ) ! blade ( a pair ( %e>s1 held p]p5dicul>1 rub ! buffs f end to end2 !n knock !m bo? toge!r 9 ord] to free !m f all du/ or o!r sub/ances1 occasionally expos+ !m to ! sun or to ! fire4 ,) "o ( ! buffs 7res]v+ ! f9e/ & s(te/ = ! la/ op]ation71 p[d] its face ) f9e r\ge & bru% (f slightly1 leav+ only ! f9e/ p>ticles 9 x4 ,e op]ator %\ld h two plate-hold]s2 "o = clean+ & "o = buff+ ! plate2 = :5 us+ only "o1 ! rott5 /one is liable to get on ! buff & scrat* ! plate4 ,re/ ! f+]s ( ! left h& on ! back ( ! buff1 ne> ! f>!r end1 ) ab\t ! same pressure z 9 clean+1 :ile ) ! "r y be> on ! h&le to correspond1 & give ! buff a free1 easy1 horizontal motion1 pass+ x v ne>ly ! :ole l5g? ov] ! plate ea* "t4 ,cont9ue ?is op]ation 9 su* a mann] t ! plate w on all p>ts ( its surface h receiv$ an equal am\nt ( poli%4 ,?is buff once well fill$ ) poli%1 add b little aft]1 say a small quantity once 9 two or ?ree plates4 ,! poli% z well z ! buffs mu/ be kept p]fectly dry4 ,! second buff %\ld always be 9 ! be/ ord]1 & if ?is is ! case1 b little poli% aft] ! fir/ ne$ be us$4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ! la/ f9i% ( ! surface ( ! plate1 & z a f9e impression is desir$ 9 ! same ratio1 ! op]ator mu/ ex]cise c>e & skill 9 ?is op]ation4 ,"s buff ! small] plates on ! h&s1 by re/+ !m on ! f+]s 9 su* a mann] t ! buff _c t\* !m2 "s by hold+ ! edges ) ?umb & little f+]1 ) ! rema9+ f+]s "u1 or on ! back2 & o!rs buff on ! hold]4 ,:5 ?is la/ me?od is adopt$1 x requires ! greate/ caution to prev5t ! du/ f gett+ on ! buff4 ,! hold] %\ld be wip$ clean4 ,! plate frequ5tly slips (f or ar\nd1 & ! buff comes 9 contact ) ! b$ ( ! hold]4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! op]ator is s un=tunate z to meet ) ?is mi%ap1 ! utmo/ c>e mu/ be obs]v$ 9 ?or\ghly clean+ ! buff cov] be=e fur!r buff+4 ,9 ?is la/ buff+ x may be cont9u$ z be=e1 except )\t ! application ( poli% p[d] to ! la/ buff4 ,exam9e ! surface occasionally1 & buff m lightly t[>ds ! close ( ! op]ation1 us+ at la/ ! m]e weight ( ! buff4 ,?is la/ buff+ %\ld occupy z long a "t z ! fir/4 ,! po9t to be aim$ at is1 ! production ( a surface ( su* exquisite poli% z to be itself invisible1 l ! surface ( a mirror4 ,! secret ( produc+ pictures disc]nible 9 any light1 lies 9 ?is3 ! m d>k1 deep & mirror-l ! surface ( ! plate1 ! m ne>ly d we approa* to p]fection4 ,9 all cases1 v light & long cont9u$ buff+ is productive ( ! great] success1 s9ce by t means a m p]fect poli% c be obta9$4 ,! "q is (t5 ask$1 :y is x t ! plates receive ! coat+ s unev5ly8 ,i w answ] by say+ t x may arise f two causes3 ! fir/ & mo/ g5]al cause is t ^? p>ts ( ! plate's surface :i* w receive ! heavie/ coat+ h be5 m ?or\ghly poli%$1 & ! consequ5ce is t x is m s5sitive to ! *emical op]ation2 second1 & might p]haps be consid]$ a "p ( ! fir/1 ! heat ( ! plate may n be equal 9 all its p>ts2 ?is may arise f ! heat caus$ by ! friction 9 buff+4 ,x is a well kn[n fact1 ) :i* e obs]v+ practition] is famili>1 t a silv] plate at a temp]ature ( #de deg4 or less1 expos$ to ! vapors ( iod9e1 is less s5sitive & takes a long] "t to coat1 ?an :5 x is at a temp]ature ( #fj deg4 or m4 ,:5ev] a view is to be tak51 or any impression :i* requires ! plate to be turn$ on ! side1 x %\ld be buff$ 9 ! o!r direction1 s t ! m>ks w always be horizontal1 :5 ! picture is 9 position4 ,) ! f9e/ possible poli%1 ! plate is ready = ! coat+ box4 ,! "q is (t5 ask$ by op]ators1 :at is ! /ate ( ! plate :5 poli%$ & all[$ to /& = a "t be=e us+8 ,to meet ?is po9t we h>e only to consid] ! silv] & ! p[] act+ ^u x4 ,pure atmosph]e does n act ^u silv]2 b we d n h ?is ab\t 9 our op]at+ rooms1 z x is m or less *>g$ ) sulphurat$ hydrog51 :i* soon t>ni%es ! surface ( ! plate ) a film ( br[n sulphurate4 ,x is ?is t sometimes causes ! specks :i* appe> on f9i%+ ! impression1 & are a great annoyance4 ,h5ce we see t ! plate %\ld be buff$ j be=e receiv+ ! vapor ( iod9e4 ,mr ,hunt gives 8 op9ion ( ! use ( dilut$ nitric acid z ! be/ solution = free+1 ! surface ( ! plate2 he says3 8,num]\s exp]im5ts on plat$ copp]1 pure silv] plates1 & on silv]$ glass & pap]1 h conv9c$ me t ! fir/ op]ation ( poli%+ ) nitric acid1 etc41 is ess5tial to ! production ( ! mo/ s5sitive surface4 ,all :o w take ! tr\ble to exam9e ! subject1 w soon be conv9c$ t ! acid s(t5s ! silv]1 br++ x to a /ate 9 :i* x is extremely susceptible ( be+ ei!r oxydiz$ or iodiz$1 accord+ z ! circum/ances may occur ( its exposure to ! atmosph]e or ! iod9e40 ,i _c see ! objection to ?is solution2 n1 h[ev]1 9 g5]al use4 ,our op]ators d n f9d x ( suffici5t importance to ! success ( _! pictures to accept x1 ! alcoholic solution be+ 9 its nature less objectionable4 ,i w say "h1 t a plate submitt$ to only an ord9>y poli% is f\nd to conta9 numb]less m9ute p>ticles ( ! p[d] made use (4 ,%\ld ! same plate be buff$ = a long "t1 ! poli% w ne>ly all disappe>1 leav+ ! cavities 9 ! surface free = ! action ( ag5ts employ$ 9 subsequ5t op]ation4 ,= ?is reason1 ,i f9d t great am\nt ( poli%+ p[d] %\ld n be appli$ to ! la/ buff1 & x is obvi\s t ?ree buffs c be employ$ to adv5ture2 ! two la/ %\ld n receive any poli%+ mat]ials4 ,i h exam9$ a plate t 0 consid]$ to possess a f9e f9i%1 & simil> _h produc$ good impressions2 ^! same plates1 :5 subject$ to a long & light buff+1 w\ld pres5t a surface no f9] 9 appe>ance to ! nak$ eye2 b ^u exposure to ! sol> radiation1 w\ld produce a well-def9$ image 9 "o f\r? less "t ?an ! plate )\t ! extra buff+4 ,coat+ ! ,plate4--,= ?is purpose our me*anics & arti/s h provid$ a simple app>atus call$ a coat+-box1 :i* is s arrang$ z to be p]fectly tight1 reta9+ ! vapor ( ! iod9e or accel]ators1 & at ! same "t all[+1 by means ( a slide1 ! exposure ( ! plate to ^! vapors4 ,!y c readily be obta9$ by application to any deal]1 all ( :om c furni% !m4 ,! pr9cipal difficulty 9 coat+ ! plate1 is t ( pres]v+ ! exact proportion betwe5 ! quantity ( iod9e & brom9e1 or quick4 ,x is "h necess>y to say1 t h>dly any two p]sons see alike ! same degree ( color1 s z to be enabl$ to judge correctly ! exact t9t1 i4 e4 :at "o might describe z light rose r$1 might appe> to ano!r z bright or *]ry r$2 consequ5tly1 ! only rule = ! /ud5t 9 ,dagu]reotype1 is to /udy :at appe>s to him to be ! p>ticul> t9t or %ade requir$ to aid him to produce ! desir$ result4 ,practise has prov$ t b a slight v>iation 9 ! *emical coat+1 ( ! ,dagu]reotype plate w v mat]ially affect ! f9al result4 ,! op]ator w proportion ! coat+ ( iod9e & brom9e or accel]ators accord+ to ! /r5g? & composition ( ! latt]4 ,exp]i5ce proves t ! common impressions1 iodiz$ to a r light yell[ gold t9t1 & br\ght by ! brom9e to a v light1 rose color1 h _! :ites v int5se1 & _! deep %ades v black4 ,x is also kn[n t if y employ a ?ick] coat+ ( iod9e & apply ^u x a proportionate t9t ( brom9e1 s z to obta9 a deep rose t9t1 del9eations w be less m>k$1 & ! image h a s(t] tone4 ,?is effect has be5 obvi\s to ev]yone :o has practis$ ! art4 ,?us ,i may obs]ve t ! light coat+s produce /rong contra/ ( light & %ade1 & t ?is contra/ gr[s gradually less1 until 9 ! v heavy coat+ x almo/ :olly disappe>s4 ,f ?is x w readily be p]ceiv$ t ! middle %ades are ! ones to be desir$ = repres5t+ ! h>moni\s bl5d+ ( ! lights & %ades4 ,!n1 if we exam9e1 ) respect to /r5g?1 or dep? ( tone1 & %>pness ( impression1 we see t ! light coat+1 produces a v %>p b %all[ impression2 :ile ! o!r extreme gives a deep b v dull "o4 ,"h1 !n1 are /ill bett] reasons = avoid+ ei!r extreme4 ,! *anges ?r\gh :i* ! plate passes 9 coat+ may be consid]$ a yell[ /raw color or d>k orange yell[1 a rose color m or less d>k 9 t9t1 or r$ violet1 /eel blue or indigo1 & la/ly gre54 ,aft] atta9+ ?is latt] color1 ! plate resumes a light yell[ t9t1 & cont9ues to pass successively a second "t1 ) v few exceptions1 ?r\gh all ! %ades above m5tion$4 ,i w "h pres5t "s excell5t rem>ks ^u ?is subject by ,mr4 ,f9ley4 ,?is g5tleman says3 8,x is well kn[n to all :o h giv5 mu* att5tion to ! subject1 t an excess ( iod9e gives ! light portions ( objects ) peculi> /r5g? & cle>ness1 :ile ! d>k] p>ts are ret>d$1 z x 71 & n br\ght out by t l5g? ( exposure :i* suffices = ! =m]4 ,h5ce1 /atu>y1 monum5ts1 & all objects ( l "*1 7 rem>kably well del9eat$ by ! orig9al process ( ,dagu]re2 ! plate be+ coat$ ) iod9e alone4 ,an excess ( brom9e1 to a c]ta9 degree1 has ! opposite effect2 ! :ite portions ( ! impression appe>+ ( a dull1 lead5 hue1 :ile ^? :i* %\ld be black1 or d>k1 appe> q light4 ,?is be+ ! case1 ,i conclude !re mu/ be a po9t betwe5 ! two extremes :]e light & d>k objects w be 9 photog5ic equilibrium4 ,! great object1 !re=e1 is to ma9ta91 z ne>ly z possible1 a p]fect balance betwe5 ! two elem5ts ent]+ into union to =m ! s5sitive coat+ ( ! plate1 9 ord] t ! lights & %ades be truly & fai?fully repres5t$1 & t all objects1 :e!r light or d>k1 be made to appe> s f> con=mable to nature1 z is consi/5t ) ! diff]5ce 9 ! photog5ic en]gy ( ! diff]5t color$ rays ( light4 ,x is ?is nicely-balanc$ comb9ation :i* ensures1 9 ! highe/ degree1 a union ( ! ess5tial qualities ( a f9e ,dagu]reotype1 viz41 cle>ness & /r5g?1 ) s(tness & purity ( tone4 8,s f> z ,i "k1 x is ! univ]sal practice ( op]ators to judge ( ! proportion ( iod9e & brom9e 9 coat+ ! plate1 by two /&>ds ( color ! "o fix$ ^u = ! iod9e1 ! o!r = ! additional coat+ ( brom9e4 ,n[ ,i ma9ta9 t ^! alone =m a v fallaci\s /&>d2 fir/1 because ! color appe>s to ! eye ei!r light] or d>k]1 accord+ z !re is m or less light by :i* we inspect ! coat+2 & secondly1 because if x occur t we are deceiv$ 9 obta9+ ! exact t9t = ! fir/ coat+1 we are worse misl$ 9 obta9+ ! second1 = if ! iod9e coat+ be too light1 !n an undue proportion ( brom9e is us$ 9 ord] to br+ x to ! second /&>d1 & vice v]sa40 ,! iod9e box %\ld be kept clean & dry4 ,! plate imm$iately aft] ! la/ buff+1 %\ld be plac$ ov] ! iod9e1 & ! coat+ w dep5d ^u ! "* ( ! tone ( ! impression desir$4 ,coat+ ov] dry iod9e to an orange color1 !n ov] ! accel]ator1 to a light rose1 & back ov] iod9e "o six? z long z fir/ coat+1 w produce a f9e1 s(t tone1 & is ! coat+ g5]ally us$ = mo/ accel]ators4 ,! plate iodiz$ to a d>k orange yell[1 or t+$ slightly ) incipi5t rose color1 coat$ ov] ! accel]ator to a deep rose r$1 !n back ov] iod9e "o-t5? z long z at fir/ coat+1 gives a cle>1 /rong1 bold1 deep impression4 ,i w "h /ate a s+ul> fact1 :i* is n g5]ally kn[n to ! op]ator4 ,if a plate1 coat$ ov] ! iod9e to a rose r$1 & !n expos$ to /rong dry quick or weak brom9e wat]1 s t a *ange ( color c be se51 !n recoat$ ov] ! iod9e twice z long z at fir/ coat+1 x w be f\nd f> m s5sitive :5 expos$ to ! light ?an :5 x has be5 recoat$ ov] ! iod9e "o-f\r? ( ! "t ( ! fir/ coat+4 ,probably ! be/ accel]at+ comb9ation is ! ,am]ican comp\nd =m]ly kn[n z 8,gurney's ,am]ican comp\nd10 or "s ( ! comb9ations ( bromide ( lime4 ,! fir/ is ?\ght to possess p]haps m uni=mity 9 its action ?an any o!r comb9ation ,i h ev] us$4 ,! plate once coat$ %\ld be kept exclud$ f ! light by means ( ! plate hold] = ! cam]a box4 ,i w notice "o ( ! pr9cipal causes hav+ a t5d5cy to prev5t ! p]fect uni=mity ( *emical action1 betwe5 ! iod9e & silv]2 hydrog51 or ! moi/ure 9 ! atmosph]e1 makes a v p]ceptible b>ri]4 ,?is moi/ure may arise z ! result ( ! cold1 f a want ( friction 9 ! buff+ ( ! plate1 :i*1 com+ 9 contact ) ! w>m] air1 z a writ] on ?is subject says3 8,x is well kn[n t z (t5 z bodies1 :5 cold1 are expos$ to a w>m] air1 ! humidity conta9$ 9 !m is cond5s$4 ,x is to ?is effect t we mu/ attribute ! difficulty exp]i5c$ 9 op]at+ 9 mo/ cases40 ,?is is corroborat$ by ! results exp]i5c$ by our op]ators4 ,s x is se5 t ! plate %\ld be ( a temp]ature above t ( ! atmosph]e4 ,mr4 ,gurney submits 8 plates to a g5tle heat f a _s lamp j be=e expos+ !m to ! vapor ( iod9e4 ,exp]i5ce has conv9c$ me t a plate heat$ to ab\t #hj deg4 be=e be+ expos$ to iod9e w pres5t a f> bett] def9$ image ?an a plate at a temp]ature ( #ej deg4 ,i acc\nt = ?is by notic+ t1 at a high] temp]ature1 ! plate ?r[s (f any l>g] cry/als t might o!rwise be deposit$1 receiv+ only ! f9]1 ?us produc+ a m p]fect *emical comb9ation ( iodide ( silv]4 ,i w\ld call ! att5tion ( ! op]ator to ?is po9t1 z pres5t+ some?+ ( int]e/1 & :i* may direct 9 a way ( accel]at+ ! future op]ations4 ,t ! pres5ce ( a film ( moi/ure ov] ! plate is a prev5tive ( uni=m *emical action1 may be readily und]/ood f ! fact t iod9e is almo/ insoluble 9 wat]1 requir+ sev5 ?\s& p>ts ( wat] to dissolve "o ( iod9e1 or "o gra9 to a gallon ( wat]4 ,yet its aff9ities = silv] & o!r sub/ances are s p[]ful z to prev5t its exi/+ 9 an insulat$ /ate1 h5ce we c acc\nt = ! frequ5t occurr5ce ( a plate pres5t+ p>ts ( an image ov] its surface4 ,x is q evid5t t ^? p>ts ( plate's surface cov]$ ) moi/ure are no?+ l z s5sitive to ! iod9e z ^? p>ts p]fectly free4 ,exposure ( ! plate 9 ! ,cam]a1 & ,position4--,! "t ( exposure necess>y to produce an image ^u ! ,dagu]reotype plate1 c only be det]m9$ by exp]im5t1 & requires a lib]ality ( judgm5t to be ex]cis$ on ! "p ( ! op]ator4 ,! con/ant v>iation ( ! light r5d]s x impossible to lay d[n any exact rule ^u ?is po9t4 ,light is n alone to be consid]$2 ! am\nt ( coat+ ex]cises a deviat+ influ5ce1 also ! subjects to be repres5t$ are n equally photog5ic1 "s requir+ mu* long] "t ( exposure ?an o!rs4 ,?is may be easily obs]v$ by expos+ ! plate at ! same "t to a pla/] bu/ & a piece ( black velvet1 ! fir/ be+ a mu* /rong] reflector ( light ?an ! latt]3 ! "t necess>y to produce a well develop$ image ( ! velvet be+ ab\t six times long] ?an t requir$ to produce an equally def9$ image ( pla/]4 ,! mann] ( judg+ correctly ( ! "t is by ! appe>ance ( impression aft] x has be5 develop$ by ! m]curial vapors4 ,%\ld x pres5t a deep blue or black appe>ance x is sol>iz$ or ov]-tim$4 ,?is sometimes is to an ext5t1 t a p]fect negative is =m$1 ! :ite be+ repres5t$ black1 & ! d>k light4 ,an object requir+ ! p>ticul> c>e & att5tion ( ! op]ator is ! prop] focus4 ,x is n unfrequ5tly ! compla9t ( sitt]s t _! h&s are repres5t$ z be+ magnifi$ & greatly out ( proportion ) ! g5]al figure4 ,?is is ! case also ) ! nose & eyes1 b 9 a less degree4 ,z ?is _c be :olly rem$i$1 x is desir\s to come z ne> z possible1 & 9 ord] to d ?is1 x is necess>y to pres5t ! figure 9 su* a position z to br+ x z ne>ly z possible ^u ! same plane by mak+ all p>ts ne>ly at equal di/ance f ! l5ses4 ,?is mu/ be done by ! sitt] incl9+ ! head & bu/ =m$ to a natural1 easy position1 & plac+ ! h&s closely to ! body1 ?us pres]v+ a propel proportion1 & giv+ a lively famili>ity to ! g5]al impression4 ,x is n an uncommon fault among our less exp]i5c$ op]ators to give a front view ( ! face ( ne>ly e individual1 reg>dless ( any p>ticul> =m1 & ?is is (t5 insi/$ ^u by ! sitt]1#b :o seems to ?9k ! tru? ( ! picture exi/s pr9cipally 9 ! eyes />+ ! behold] full 9 ! face4 #b ,i might "h picture "s curi\s sc5es exp]i5c$ by our op]ators ,e "o is famili> ) a c]ta9 class ( our community ^: ideas ( ! importance ( a free & easy position ( ! body are too closely conf9$ ) /ays1 att5tion to toilet1 tightly fitt+ dress coats & ! l1 to admit ( be+ repres5t$ z if nature _h end[$ !m ) lea/ possible p[] ( flexibility4 ,to su* we w\ld sugge/ ! foll[+1 to be well le>n$ & reta9$ 9 ! m9d :ile pres5t+ !mselves be=e ! ,dagu]reotype cam]a3 8,! exp]i5ce ( "o :o has (t5 be5 ,dagu]reotyp$1 is1 to let ! op]ator h 8 own way40 ,no?+1 9 _m in/ances1 c be m out ( place 9 a ,dagu]reotype portrait ?an ?is1 = let a man ) a ?91 long1 defeat$-politician-face1 be repres5t$ by a directly front view1 we h1 to all appe>ances1 increas$ ! wid? ( ! face to su* an ext5t z to reveal x flat & broad1 los+ ! *>act]i/ic po9t by :i* x w\ld be ! mo/ readily recogniz$4 ,! me?od we %\ld adopt 9 tak+ ! lik5ess ( su* an individual z above1 w\ld be to turn ! face f ! cam]a1 s z to pres5t ! end ( ! nose & ! prom95ce ( ! *eek bone equally di/ant f ! l5ses1 & !n focus+ on ! corn] ( ! eye t[>ds ! nose1 we _c 9 _m cases1 fail to produce an image ) ! lips1 *91 hair1 eyes & =ehead 9 ! m9ute/ possible def9ition4 ,x %\ld be ! /udy ( e op]ator to notice ! effect ( ! lights & %ades :ile arrang+ ! sitt]1 & at ! same "t be v p>ticul> to give ease 9 ! position4 ,no matt] h[ successful ! *emical effect may h be51 %\ld ! image appe> /iff & monum5t-l1 all is lo/4 8,9 ! ma/]piece1 grace & elegance mu/ be comb9$40 ,i w "h use ! words ( ano!r1 :i* are v true3 8,s great is ! diff]5ce 9 _m faces1 :5 inspect$ 9 opposite directions1 t "o ( ! two views1 h[ev] accurately tak51 w\ld n communicate ! lik5ess--x n be+1 ! usually obs]v$ *>act]i/ic =m4 ,:5 ! "r view ( ! head is obta9$1 x is fir/ necess>y to consid] ! size ( ! plate x is to be tak5 on1 s z to =m an idea ( ! proportion ! head %\ld be> to x4 ,! m9d mu/ arrange ^! po9ts be=e we comm5ce1 or we %all f9d ev]y?+1 too l>ge or too small = ! happy proportion ( ! picture1 & ! convey+ ( a j notion ( ! /ature4 ,! "w w h to be done ov]1 & "t sacrific$1 if ?is is n att5d$ to4 ,! adju/m5t ( ! head to ! size ( ! plate 7z se5 f ! m>g9 ( ! mat71 is n to be taught3 ev]yone mu/ br+ himself1 by scrut9iz+ practice1 to ma!matical accuracy2 = some?+ w be discov]$ 9 e face :i* c be surm\nt$ only by exp]i5ce4 8,! eye ne>e/ ! cam]a1 9 a ?ree-qu>t]-face1 is plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! bread? ( ! plate2 ! *91 9 a p]son ( middle /ature1 9 ! middle ( ! l5g?1 & high] accord+ to ! proportional height ( ! p]son40 ,9 reg>d to ! prop] elevation ( ! cam]a1 x may be "h /at$ t ,i h f\nd x be/ 9 tak+ portraits :]e ! h&s are introduc$1 to place ! cam]a at ab\t equal height ) ! eyes ( ! sitt]1 9 ord] to br+ ! face & h&s equi-di/ant f ! tube4 ,x w be f\nd1 if ! above be foll[$1 t by atta*+ a /r+ to ! cam]a tube1 & mak+ a semi-circle1 t ! face & h&s ( ! sitt] w occupy a correspond+ di/ance1 & ! consequ5ce is t ! impression w appe> )\t ! h&s be+ magnifi$4 ,x has be5 f\nd t a p]son ) a freckly face c h z f9e1 fair1 & cle> an impression z ! mo/ p]fect complexion2 ?is may be done by ! subject rubb+ ! face until x is v r$4 ,! effect is to less5 ! contra/1 by giv+ ! freckles & sk9 ! same color & ! photog5ic int5sity ( ! r$ & yell[ be+ ne>ly ! same1 an impression c be produc$ p]fectly cle>4 ,:5 a *ild is to be tak51 & !re are d\bts ( its keep+ /ill1 ! op]ation may be accel]at$ by plac+ x ne>] ! w9d[ br++ ! scre5 ne>]1 & plac+ a :ite musl9 clo? ov] ! head2 ?is w enable y to "w 9 "o ?ird ( ! usual "t4 ,%\ld ! p]son move1 or ! plate become expos$ to ! light1 x may be re/or$ to its orig9al s5sitiv5ess by plac+ x ov] ! quick1 "o or two seconds4 ,develop+ ! ,dagu]reotype4--,aft] ! plate has be5 submitt$ to ! op]ation ( ! light1 ! image is /ill invisible4 ,x requires to be expos$ to ! vapors ( heat$ m]cury4 ,x is n absolutely necess>y to apply artificial heat to ! m]cury to develop ! image1 = fair pro(s h be5 produc$ by plac+ a plate ov] ! ba? at ! ord9>y temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e4 ,?is plan1 h[ev]1 requires a long "t & _c be adopt$ 9 practice1 ev5 if x 7 advisable4 ,! "t m usually requir$ 9 develop+ ! image ov] ! m]curial vapors1 is ab\t two m9utes1 & ! temp]ature is rais$ to a po9t necess>y to produce ! desir$ effect 9 t "t4 ,?is po9t v>ies z indicat$ by diff]5t scales1 b = ! ord9>y scales x is n f> f #ij deg4 c54 ,! m]cury ba? is accompani$ ) a c5tigrade !rmomet]1 by :i* ! heat is regulat$4 ,^? furni%$ by ! manufactur]s are n always correct1 & x requires "s exp]i5ce to f9d ! prop] degree on ! scale4 ,i w\ld "h rem>k t x is advisable1 :5 plac+ ! _s lamp "u ! ba?1 to s arrange x t ! position ( appli$ heat %\ld always be on ! same po9t1 viz41 %\ld ! heat be directly "u ! bulb conta9+ ! !rmomet] x w\ld raise ! m]cury 9 ! tube to ! po9t m>k$1 & ! temp]ature ( t 9 ! ba? w\ld be f> bel[ :at x %\ld be2 h5ce x is 7:]e "t is foll[$ = develop+7 t _m failures occur4 ,?is is obs]v$ m readily 9 ! l>ge ba?s made ( ?ick iron1 p>ticul>ly ^u fir/ heat+4 ,9 practice ,i apply ! heat z ne>ly z possible betwe5 ! c5tre ( ! bottom ( ! ba? & ! bulb conta9+ ! m]cury tube4 ,x is advisable to keep ! lamp light$ "u ! ba? f ! "t ( comm5c+ 9 ! morn+ to ! close ( bus9ess at night4 ,by ?is means y h a uni=mity ( action1 t _c be o!rwise obta9$4 ,x is well kn[n to ! exp]i5c$ ,dagu]reotypi/1 t diff]5t atmosph]es h a decid$ effect ^u ! m]cury 9 develop+ ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,x w require a great] degree ( heat = "o atmosph]e ?an = ano!r4 ,exp]i5ce alone det]m9es ?is little diff]5ce4 ,9 summ]1 on cl\dy & /ormy days1 m]curial vapors rise m readily & quickly ?an 9 ! temp]ature ( autumn or w9t]4 ,f #fj degrees upw>ds t[>ds ! boil+ po9t 7#ffj deg471 ! vapors ( m]cury rise 9 great] abundance & collect 9 l>g] globules on cold surfaces4 ,= v>i\s reasons ,i pref] a high temp]ature & %ort exposure4 ,x accel]ates ! process4 ,x r5d]s ! lights ( ! picture m /rong & cle>1 :ile ! deep %ades are m int5se4 ,x gives a f9] lu/re to ! drap]y4 ,! sol>iz$ portions also are v seldom blue1 especially aft] gild+4 ,if heat$ too high1 h[ev]1 ! light p>ts become ( a dead1 *alky :ite1 & ! %ad[s are injur$ by num]\s little globules ( m]cury deposit$ ov] !m4 ,j ! "r quantity ( m]cury leaves ! impression ( a transp>5t1 pe>ly :ite tone1 :i* improves 9 ! highe/ degree 9 gild+4 ,to m]curialize ) exactness is a nice po9t4 ,if !re is reason to suspect hav+ tim$ r %ort 9 ! cam]a1 r$uce ! "t ov] m]cury 9 a correspond+ proportion4 ,a d>k impression w be ru9$ by ! quantity ( m]cury :i* w\ld only improve a light "o4 ,if practicable1 x is mo/ exp$i5t t ! plate be submitt$ to ! action ( m]cury imm$iately on com+ f ! cam]a4 ,i h frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 c>ri$ plates = miles 9 ! plate-hold]s & aft] expos+ 9 ! cam]a1 br\ght !m back to expose to m]cury1 & obta9$ fair pro(s2 b = ! reason be=e giv51 x is advisable to c>ry along ! ba?1 & br+ out ! impression on ! spot4 ,x is sometimes ! practice ( inexp]i5c$ op]ators to take ! plate (f ! ba? & exam9e ! impression by sol> light4 ,?is plan %\ld be ab&on$1 z x is almo/ sure to produce a d5se blue film ov] ! %ad[s4 ,?is ,i am l$ to believe is occasion$ by ! action ( light on ! yet s5sitive portions ( ! plate1 & made to appe> only by subsequ5t exposure to m]cury1 be+ equival5t to sol>ization4 ,!re has be5 little said by our pr(essors ^u ! subject ( ! position ( ! plates :ile expos$ to ! m]curial vap\r4 ,mr4 ,hunt1 9 ref]r+ to ?is subject1 says3 8,dagu]re himself laid mu* /ress ^u ! necessity ( expos+ ! plate to ! m]cury at an angle ( ab\t #de deg44 ,?is1 p]haps1 is ! mo/ conv5i5t position z x enables ! op]ator to view ! plate di/9ctly1 & wat* ! developm5t ( ! design2 b beyond ?is1 ,i am satisfi$ !re exi/s no real necessity = angul> position4 ,bo? horizontally & v]tically1 ,i h (t5 produc$ equally effective ,dagu]reotypes40 ,i presume f ! la/ s5t5ce ( ,mr4 ,hunt1 t he has conf9$ 8 exp]im5ts to ! small] siz$ plates4 ,h5ce he may n h ?\ght ( ! effect ( ! v]tical exposure ( a l>ge plate4 ,9 ,am]ica ?is is a subject ( no little importance4 ,:5 an impression is to be develop$ ^u a plate fifte5 by sev5te5 in*es1 7 we to use an angle ( ab\t #de deg41 x w\ld be f\nd to make a p]ceptible diff]5ce 9 ! appe>ance ( ! image4 ,by exam9+ ! wood tops ( our ba?s z =m]ly made1 x w be f\nd t !re is a great v>iation 9 ! di/ance f ! m]cury to ! diff]5t portions ( ! plate4 ,by measur+ "o ( ^! tops = ! size plate above m5tion$1 ,i f9d ! di/ance to ! ne>e/ po9t betwe5 ! m]cury & ! plate1 to be ?irte51 & ! middle po9t sixte51 & ! fur!/ po9t tw5ty-"o & a half in*es3 by ?is we see t "o po9t ( ! plate is eight & a half in*es fur!r f ! m]cury ?an ! ne>e/ po9t2 ev5 ?is is n ! v>iation !re w\ld necess>ily be1 7 we to adopt ! angle ( #de deg4 z urg$ by ,dagu]re4 ,among our pr9cipal pr(essors1 ! bevel top w n be f\nd 9 use :]e ! l>ge plates are us$4 ,%\ld any "o feel desir\s to te/ m m9utely ! effect produc$ by a bevel top ba?1 ,i w\ld sugge/ to !m to place a frame1 s con/ruct$ z to hold ?ree six? size plates1 & fit x to ! top ( ! ba?1 & s arrange x ) op5+s t ! plates may be plac$1 "o at ! ne>e/ po9t ( ! m]cury1 ! second midway1 & ! ?ird to ! greate/ di/ance1 & by plac+ ! plates ov] at "o & ! same "t1 ! exp]im5t] w be enabl$ to judge if !re exi/s a diff]5ce 9 ! develop+4 ,9 speak+ ( ! above1 ref]5ce is _h to ba?s to ! ord9>y heights us$ by op]ators4 ,we w n[ proce$ to exam9e ! effect produc$ by m]curial vapor ^u ! plate at diff]5t l5g?s ( exposure4 ,9 "s inve/igations :i* ,i h made ^u ! appe>ance ( ! ,dagu]reotype impressions :5 develop$ ov] m]cury at #ij deg4 ,c4 7#aid deg4 ,f471 ! foll[+ 0 ! result4 ,plates1 coat$ & expos$ to light 9 our usual mann] ( op]at+1 produc$ on exposure ( #a_/b m9ute1 :ole impression1 deep blue4 #a m9ute1 a%y & flat2 no %ad[s2 l951 deep blue4 #a #a_/b m9ute1 co>se & spongy2 %ad[s1 muddy2 drap]y1 dirty r$di% br[n4 #b m9utes1 %all[ or wat]y2 %ad[s1 yell[i%2 drap]y1 br[n4 #b #a_/d m9utes1 s(t2 face1 sc>cely :ite2 %ad[s1 neutral2 drap]y1 f9e d>k br[n l95 some:at blue4 #b #a_/b m9utes1 cle> & pe>ly2 %ad[s1 cle> & positive1 ( a purple t9t2 drap]y1 jet black1 ) ! d>k %ades slightly fro/$ ) m]cury4 #b #c_/d to #c m9utes1 h>d & *alky2 %ad[s1 h>%2 drap]y1 r\gh5$1 & mi/y ) excess ( m]cury4 ,! =ego+ results w be f\nd g5]al4 ,!re are num]\s op9ions among our op]ators 9 reg>d to ! quantity ( m]cury necess>y = a ba?4 ,z reg>ds ?is1 ,i ne$ only say1 simil> results occur :5 two p\nds or two ounces are us$1 b ! quantity g5]ally employ$ is ab\t a qu>t] ( a p\nd4 ,i am ( ! op9ion t "o ounce w answ] z well z a l>g] quantity4 ,i "k ( no bett] pro( 9 favor ( a small quantity ?an t pres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ incid5t4 ,sev]al ye>s s9ce1 an op]ator 7,mr4 ,s5t]1 ( ,auburn1 ,n4,y47 ( my acqua9tance1 0 reque/$ to g sev]al miles to take a ,dagu]reotype portrait ( a deceas$ p]son4 ,he pack$ up 8 app>atus & proce$$ ov] a r\gh road = "s di/ance to ! h\se :]e he 0 to take ! portrait1 & arrang+ 8 app>atus1 ) all ! exp$ition :i* ! occasion requir$1 aft] hav+ ev]y?+ 9 usual ord] 7z 0 suppos$71 he proce$$ & took "s t5 or twelve v sup]ior impressions4 ,!y 7 f9e1 cle>1 & well develop$4 ,aft] tak+ ! numb] ord]$1 he proce$$ to repack 8 app>atus1 & to 8 surprise1 :5 he took up ! bottle he c>ri$ ! m]cury 91 he f\nd x /ill fill$1 & none 9 ! ba?1 except only su* p>ticles z _h adh]$ to ! sides1 aft] du/+ & be+ jolt$ = sev]al miles ov] ! r\gh road4 ,f ?is x w be se5 t a v little m]cury w suffice to develop f9e pro(s4 ,i saw "s ( ! impressions ref]r$ to above1 & !y 7 c]ta9ly well develop$1 & v sup]ior specim5s ( our art4 ,remov+ ! ,coat+4--,aft] ! impression has be5 develop$ ov] ! m]curial vapor1 ! next /ep is to remove ! s5sitive coat+4 ,= ?is purpose ! foll[+ solution is us$3 ,put ab\t two ounces ( hyposulphite ( soda 9 a p9t ( wat]1 :i* %\ld always be filt]$ be=e us+4 ,a conv5i5t way ( do+ ?is is to h two bottles1 & a l>ge funnel ) a sponge press$ into ! neck ( x2 or1 :at is bett]1 "s filt]+ pap] fold$ 9 x4 ,! solution 9 "o bottle1 ! funnel is plac$ 9 ! o!r1 & ! picture held ov] x2 :5 ! solution is p\r$ on ! plate1 x runs f x into ! filt]1 & is always ready = use4 ,x is be/ t ! wa%+ be done imm$iately on ! plate com+ f ! m]cury ba?4 ,if all[$ to /& long ) ! coat+ on1 x assumes a v d>k t9t--z ! op]ation ( ! light cont9ues1 ?\gh less active ?an :ile expos$ 9 ! cam]a1 & de/roys t brightness :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 obta9$4 ,x is pref]able to wa% & gild a picture )\t x fir/ be+ dri$2 yet :5 !re are d\bts ( its giv+ satisfaction1 !re w\ld sometimes be a sav+ by dry+ & gett+ ! decision ( ! subject be=e gild+1 z ?is la/ injures ! plate = ano!r impression4 ,fir/1 light y\r _s-lamp1 !n ) y\r ply]s take ! plate by ! l[] "r-h& corn]1 hold+ x 9 su* a mann] t ! ply]s w =m 9 a l9e ) ! upp] left-h& corn]2 p\r on1 sl[ly1 ! hyposulphite solution1 slightly agitat+ ! plate1 until all ! coat+ is dissolv$ (f2 !n r9se (f ) clean wat]1 & if x is n to be gild$1 dry by hold+ ! plate p]p5dicul> ) ! bottom left-h& corn] l[e/1 & apply+ ! blaze ( ! _s-lamp to ! back1 at ! same "t bl[+ g5tly d[nw>d on ! face ( ! plate4 ,! hyposulphite solution %\ld be (t5 filt]$ ?r\gh a sponge1 & x w answ] = a great numb] ( wa%+s4 ,yet x is obs]v$ t ! m]cury collects 9 ?is solution 9 small globules2 ^! (t5 come 9 contact ) ! plate1 caus+ :ite spots1 :i* spoil ! impression4 ,!y %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/1 & ! solution r5ew$4 ,aga91 9 ord] to prev5t /reaks or scum on ! surface ( ! plate1 x is necess>y t ! coat+ %\ld be remov$ ) a good degree ( uni=mity4 ,i f9d 9 practice t ! hyposulphite ( soda 9 our m>ket v>ies mu* z reg>ds /r5g?1 & consequ5tly ! rule to be adopt$ is to make a solution ( suffici5t /r5g? to remove ! coat+ 9 ab\t t5 seconds4 ,i am aw>e t x may be said t ?is /rong solution w\ld h a t5d5cy to injure ! impression by de/roy+ 9 a measure ! %>pness ( outl9e4 ,to meet ?is1 x ne$ only to be said t ! prev5tive is1 to n let ! solution re/ on ! surface ( ! plate = a long] "t ?an is absolutely necess>y1 & !n x %\ld be dr5*$ copi\sly ) wat]2 h5ce a *emical action ^u ! image is prev5t$ & ! g5]al op]ation facilitat$4 ,?is plan is adopt$ by our fir/ op]ators ) ! greate/ success4 ,if ! op]ator %\ld all[ ! hyposulphite solution to run ov] ! plate unev5ly1 x is q likely t :ite or blue /reaks w\ld result4 ,^! x is impossible to remove )\t injury to ! impression4 ,"s1 9 ord] to prev5t ?is1 brea! ov] ! surface1 ?us moi/5+ x & putt+ x 9 a condition to receive ! solution ) great] uni=mity4 ,! plate %\ld be well wa%$ ) wat] be=e gild+4 ,gild+1 or ,fix+ ! ,image4--,! next process to be giv5 is t = fix+ ! image on ! plate4 ,?is is done by precipitat+ a ?9 film ( gold ov] ! surface & is productive ( ! mo/ brilliant effect :5 prep>$ imm$iately aft] ! plate has be5 wa%$ ) wat] aft] ! application ( ! hyposulphite solution1 & be=e ! plate has be5 all[$ to dry4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! plate has be5 dri$ & all[$ to /& = any "t1 be=e gild+1 ! hyposulphite wa% %\ld be appli$ z at fir/1 9 ord] to de/roy any *emical coat+ t may h be5 =m$ on exposure ( ! plate to ! air4 ,= gild+ ! l>g] plates1 we h a gild+ /& s con/ruct$ t ! plate c be put on a p]fect level4 ,9 practice1 ,i pref] hold+ ! plate ) nipp]s1 fa/5$ at "o corn]4 ,hold ! plate 9 ! same mann] z 9 remov+ ! coat+2 p\r on ! gild+1 newly filt]$1 until ! surface is :olly cov]$1 & ) ! blaze ( ! _s lamp1 at lea/ ?ree in*es high1 apply x to ! back ( ! plate1 mov+ x ab\t1 t ! surface may be heat$ ) z mu* uni=mity z possible4 ,cont9u+ ?is op]ation1 ! surface w g5]ally become cov]$ ) small yell[ bubbles :i* soon disappe>1 leav+ ! image cle> & di/9ct4 ,x is advisable to make use ( a lamp hav+ a suffici5tly /rong flame to produce ! effect 9 a few m9utes4 ,if aft] a fir/ heat+1 x is f\nd t ! impression c admit ( a great] degree ( int5sity1 x might be heat$ anew2 b t is seldom necess>y1 & (t5 by try+ to d too1 well1 ! op]ator1 if he p]si/s 9 heat+ c]ta9 p>ts ( ! plate1 may f9d ! liquid dry up j above ! flame1 & inevitably cause a /a92 #c or else ! blacks are cov]$ ) a film1 or ev5 ! coat+ ( gold may sudd5ly exfoliate1 :5 small p>ticles are deta*$ f ! plate4 ,! impression is !n entirely spoil$1 b ! plate may be re-poli%$4 #c ,?is c be rem$i$1 h[ev]1 if x is imm$iately wa%$ ov] ) ! same solution t is on ! plate1 s t ! surface %all n become cool2 cont9ue = a %ort "t to apply ! lamp "u1 & agitate ! plate slightly1 & x w soon be free f all imp]fections & give a f9e cle> tone4 ,x is n unfrequ5t t ! surface assumes a d>k1 cl\dy appe>ance4 ,?is is g5]ally ! be/ sign t ! gild+ w br+ out ! impression ) ! greate/ degree ( di/9ctness4 ,soon1 ! cl\ds gradually beg9 to disappe>1 &1 8l a ?+ ( life0 /&s =? ! image1 clo!d ) all ! brilliancy & cle>ness t ! comb9$ ef=ts ( nature & art c produce4 ,:5 9 ! op]ator's judgm5t ! op]ation has arriv$ at ! highe/ /ate ( p]fection1 r9se sudd5ly1 ) an abundance ( clean wat]1 & dry z be=e describ$4 ,:5 an impression is d>k1 ! gild+ process may be long] cont9u$2 b :5 light1 x %\ld be gild$ quickly1 z l5g!n+ ! "t t5ds to blea* ! impression & make x too :ite4 ,! cause ( ?is appe>s to be1 t ) a mod]ate heat ! *lor9e is m]ely set free f ! gold1 & rema9+ 9 ! solution1 in/ead ( be+ driv5 (f1 ) its p[]ful blea*+1 prop]ties1 x imm$iately acts ^u ! %ades ( ! picture4 ,a d>k impression c ?us1 by a l[ heat1 long-cont9u$1 be made q light4 ,to procure ! be/ effect1 !n1 heat sudd5ly ) a l>ge blaze1 & judg+ x to be at ! maximum1 cool z sudd5ly z possible4 ,:5 ! hyposulphite ( gold is us$ in/ead ( ! *loride1 a less heat %\ld be employ$4 ,color+ ,dagu]reotypes4--,( all ! s-call$ improvem5ts 9 ! ,dagu]reotype1 ! color+ is ! lea/ wor?y ( notice4 ,yet ! op]ator is (t51 9 fact mo/ g5]ally1 call$ ^u to hide an excell5t specim5 "u pa9t4 ,i c conceive ( no?+ m p]fect 9 a ,dagu]reotype ?an a f9ely-develop$ image1 ) cle>ness ( lights & %ad[s1 possess+ ! lively tone result+ f good gild+4 ,su* pictures1 h[ev]1 are n always _h1 & !n color may p]=m ! "p ( hid+ ! imp]fections4 ,we pres5t ! foll[+ me?od z giv5 9 ,willat's ,manual3 8,dagu]reotype portraits are n[ commonly met ) beautifully color$2 b ! color+ is a process requir+ great c>e & judgm5t1 & _m good pictures are spoil$ 9 fruitless exp]im5ts4 ,sev]al diff]5t me?ods ( color+ h be5 propos$4 ,! simple/ mode appe>s to be t ( us+ dry colors prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,a little ( ! color requir$1 v f9ely gr\nd1 is ?r[n into a glass conta9+ wat]1 9 :i* a few gra9s ( gum arabic h be5 dissolv$4 ,aft] /&+ a few mom5ts1 ! mixture may be pass$ ?r\gh bibul\s pap]1 & ! residue p]fectly dri$ = use4 ,! pr9cipal colors us$ are ,c>m9e1 ,*rome ,yell[1 ,burnt ,si5na1 ,ultram>9e & ,:ite2 boxes fitt$ ) sets ( colors prop]ly prep>$1 may be obta9$ ( ! deal]s1 & include ,c>m9e1 ,:ite1 ,lilac1 ,sky ,blue1 ,p9k1 ,yell[1 ,fle% color1 ,orange1 ,br[n1 ,purple1 ,light ,gre51 ,d>k ,gre5 & ,blue4 ,) a few colors1 h[ev]1 all ! re/ may be made ?us3 ,orange1 by ,yell[ & ,r$2 ,purple1 ) ,blue & ,r$2 ,gre51 ,blue & ,yell[2 ,br[n1 ) ,umb]1 ,c>m9e & ,lamp ,black2 ,sc>let1 ,c>m9e & ,light ,r$4 ,:ile x is true t a little color may relieve ! d>k metallic look ( "s ,dagu]reotypes1 x mu/ n be conceal$ t ! cov]+ ( ! f9e delicate outl9e & exquisite gradations ( tone ( a good picture ) su* a coat+1 is b>b>\s & un>ti/ic4 8,! preval+ ta/e is1 h[ev]1 decid$ly = color$ pro(s1 & ! foll[+ directions w assi/ ! amateur 9 m9i/]+ to ?is p]v]t$ ta/e1 %\ld he be s incl9$4 ,! color+ %\ld comm5ce ) ! face1 & ! fle% t9t mu/ be /ippl$ on 7n rubb$7 ) a small camel's-hair bru%1 beg9n+ f ! c5tre ( ! *eek1 tak+ great c>e n to g ov] ! outl9e ( ! face1 & also n to h too mu* color 9 ! bru%2 ! eyes & eyebr[s mu/ n be t\*$ ) color4 ,aft] ! fle% color is appli$1 take a piece ( v s(t cotton & pass x v g5tly backw>ds & =w>ds ov] ! face1 s z to s(t5 d[n ! color1 & !n apply ! c>m9e to give ! requir$ t9t4 ,= m51 ! d>k] t9ts %\ld pr$om9ate1 & = wom5 ! w>m]4 ,v light hair may be improv$ by a slight t9t ( br[n1 or yell[ & br[n1 accord+ to ! color4 ,9 color+ ! drap]y1 ! same c>e mu/ be us$4 ,no rules c be laid d[n = all ! diff]5t colors requir$1 & ! amateur _h bett] obta9 ! assi/ance or advice ( "s "o accu/om$ to ! use ( colors4 ,a little :ite ) a da% ( blue or a little silv]1 w improve :ite l951 lace1 etc4 ,! jewelry may be t\*$ ) gold or silv] f ! %ells1 moi/5$ ) di/ill$ wat]1 & laid on ) a f9e-po9t$ sable-hair bru%4 8,brilliants may be repres5t$ by pick+ ! plate ) ! po9t ( a p9 or knife40 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,miscellane\s4 ,color+ ,back ,gr\nds--,transp>5t ditto--,gild+ ,dissolv5t ,solution = remov+ ,specks--,sol>iz$ ,impression--,to ,purify ,wat]--,clean+ ,m]cury--,adhesive ,pap]--,black ,/a9 = ,app>atus--,seal+ ,wax = ,bottles--,r\ge--,rott5 ,/one--,potassa ,solution--,hyposulphite ,solution--,sub/itute = d4--,gild+ ,solution--,solution = increas+ ! ,brilliancy ( ! ,dagu]reotype--,blea*+ ,solution2--,cold ,gild+--,neutraliz+ ,ag5ts--,buff ,dry]--,keep+ ,buffs 9 ord]--,clean+ ,bucksk9s--,reflector = tak+ ,views4 ,to ,color ,back-gr\nds--,to obta9 a prop]ly color$ back gr\nd is a matt] ( no little importance to ! ,dagu]reotype op]ator4 ,i _h ne>ly exhau/$ all pati5ce1 & tri$ ! skill ( pa9t]s to obta9 a back-gr\nd t w\ld be suitable to my purpose2 b all to no avail4 ,at la/ ,i adopt$ ! foll[+ me?od1 & at a co/ ( color+ ( tw5ty-five c5ts1 c n[ produce a back-gr\nd f> m valuable ?an ^? :i* _h co/ five doll>s be=e4 ,take common e>? pa9t1 su* z is us$ 9 pa9t+ ro(s2 mix ?is ) wat] to ab\t ! consi/5cy ( cream2 !n to f\r qu>ts ( ?is mixture add ab\t "o p9t ( glue wat] 7common glue dissolv$ 9 wat]1 also ab\t z ?ick z cream74 ,?is la/ w cause ! pa9t to adh]e to ! clo?1 to :i* x is appli$ ) a common :ite-wa% bru%4 ,by apply+ ! bru% on ! coat+ :ile x is wet1 x may be s bl5d$ t n a l9e c be se51 & a p]fectly smoo? color ( any %ade c be obta9$4 ,! %ade ( color ,i use is a light r$di%-br[n4 ,tripoli1 rott5-/one1 or any e>?y matt]1 may be appli$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,transp>5t or ,invisible ,back-gr\nd4--,i give ?is z orig9ally publi%$ 9 my ,sy/em ( ,photography1 #ahdi3 8,take a l>ge wooll5 blanket ) long nap1 ! long] & r\gh] x is ! f9] w be ! effect produc$2 /ret* x on a frame ( suffici5t size1 & susp5d ! frame at ! c5tre ( ! upp] end by a /r+ fa/5$ to a nail 9 ! ceil+1 f ?ree to five feet back ( ! sitt]4 ,hav+ arrang$ ?is1 fa/5 ano!r /r+ to ! side ( ! frame1 & :ile ! op]ation is go+ on 9 ! cam]a1 sw+ ! back-gr\nd f "r to left1 cont9u+ ?is dur+ ! :ole "t ( sitt+1 & y h a cle> 8transp>5t0 back-gr\nd1 :i* ?r[s ! image out 9 bold relief1 & r5d]s ! surface ( ! plate invisible4 ,if equall$ at all x is only by atmosph]ic back-gr\nd4 ,i consid] x to be ! be/ ev] kn[n1 & ?9k x ne$s b to be tri$ to af=d satisfactory pro( t x is s4 ,al?\gh us$ by few be=e1 s9ce ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w at lea/ two ?irds ( ! op]ators h adopt$ its use2 = any "o c at once und]/& ! pr9ciple & ! effect :i* x produces40 ,x may be add$ t a motion imp>t$ to to any back-gr\nd :]e s(tness is desir$1 produces an excell5t effect4 ,gild+ ,dissolv5t4--,to "o qu>t ( muriatic acid add z mu* oxide ( iron 7common iron ru/7 z x w dissolve 9 two days4 ,?is may be done by putt+ 9 ! oxide 9 excess4 ,x %\ld be frequ5tly %ook1 & :5 want$ = bottl+ x %\ld be all[$ to /& 9 ord] to settle4 ,:5 ?is is done ! solution may be p\r$ (f1 & r$uc$ by add+ to x an equal quantity ( wat]2 !n x is ready = use4 ,?is con/itutes a gild+ dissolv5t n[ 9 our m>ket4 ,solution = ,remov+ ,specks4--,!re is probably no "o cause ( compla9t s g5]al z 8:at makes ^? black specks80 ,!re are sev]al causes :i* produce !m1 & probably ! mo/ g5]al are du/1 r\ge1 or a spray ( moi/ure on ! plate4 ,x ?is be ! case1 !re is no solution :i* c remove !m1 z !y h prev5t$ a *emical action ) ! silv]1 & _! removal w\ld only expose ! surface ( ! plate :i* 9 itself w\ld af=d a contra/ ) ! impression4 ,ano!r & less dang]\s s\rce ( ^! specks is organic matt] conta9$ 9 ! solution employ$ 9 dissolv+ ! *emicals1 or ! wat] 9 wa%+4 ,mu* ( ! hyposulphite ( soda 9 m>ket conta9s a sulphuret1 :i*1 com+ 9 contact ) ! silv] surface1 imm$iately causes oxidation4 ,su* spots1 z well also z mo/ all o!rs f\nd on ! plate aft] x has be5 expos$ 9 ! cam]a1 c be remov$ by ! foll[+1 solution3 ,to "o ounce ( wat] add a piece ( cyanide ( potassium ! size ( a pea2 filt] ! solution & apply by p\r+ x on ! surface ( ! plate4 ,9 all cases ! plate %\ld fir/ be wet ) wat]4 ,apply a g5tle heat1 & soon ! spots disappe>1 leav+ ! impression cle> & free f all organic matt]4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( cyanide ( potassium1 a solution ( pure hyposulphite ( soda w answ] z a fair sub/itute4 ,to ,r$eem1 a ,sol>iz$ ,impression4--,! ,dagu]reotype plate1 prep>$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 %\ld be expos$ 9 ! cam]a a suffici5t "t to sol>ize ! impression4 ,!n1 be=e x be expos$ to ! vapor ( m]cury1 expose x = a v brief p]iod to ! vapor ( ei!r *lor9e1 brom9e or iod9e4 ,!n expose ov] m]cury1 z usual4 ,i h produc$ s+ul>ly int]e/+ results by ?is process4 ,to ,purify ,wat]4--,filt] ! wat] well1 & !n add ab\t ?ree drops ( nitric acid to ! p9t4 ,?is c be us$ z absolutely pure wat]1 b ,i w\ld recomm5d ! use ( di/ill$ wat] z pref]able4 ,clean+ ,m]cury4--,make a small bag ( *amois sk91 p\r 9 ! m]cury1 & squeeze x ?r\gh ! lea!r4 ,repeat ?is sev]al times1 & filt] by means ( a funnel made ( pap]1 ) a v small ap]ture1 ?r\gh :i* x w escape & leave ! p>ticles ( du/1 or o!r sub/ances1 9 ! pap]4 ,a pap] ) a p9hole ?r\gh x w answ] z well1 & x is less difficult to make4 ,adhesive ,pap]4--,take gum arabic1 f\r ounces1 put x 9 a wide-m\!d bottle & p\r on wat] ab\t "o-?ird above ! gum4 ,add half ounce ( is+lass1 or fi% glue1 & a small piece ( loaf sug>4 ,let all dissolve1 & spread ov] ,fr5* lett] pap]1 ) a bru% or piece ( sponge4 ,if once spread+ is n en\gh1 p]=m ! same op]ation a second "t4 ,black ,/a9 = ,app>atus4--,dissolve gum %ellac 9 alcohol1 or procure %ellac v>ni% at ! druggi/s'1 /ir 9 lampblack1 & apply ) a sponge or bit ( rag4 ,?is w adh]e to metal1 z well z wood1 & is us$ = ! inside ( cam]a1 tubes1 etc4 ,seal+ ,wax = ,bottles4--,melt toge!r six p>ts ros9 & "o beeswax1 & add a small quantity ( lampblack2 or1 if r$ is pref]able1 add r$ lead4 ,common :ite wax is be/1 z mo/ *emicals act less ^u x4 ,:5 bottles conta9+ brom9e are to be seal$1 x is well to grease ! /opp]4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 only :5 ! bottle is 9 frequ5t use1 = if x 7 to be s5t by any conveyance x w\ld be likely to fly out4 ,r\ge4--,! me?od employ$ by ,"l ,ross is probably unsurpass$ 9 ! production ( r\ge4 ,he has giv5 8 process z foll[s3 8,i prep>e ! p]oxide ( iron by precipitation ) wat] ( ammonia1 f a pure dilute solution ( sulphate ( iron2 ! precipitate is wa%$1 press$ 9 a screw press till ne>ly dry1 & expos$ to a heat :i* 9 ! d>k appe>s a dull1 l[ r$4 ,! only po9ts ( importance are1 t ! sulphate ( iron %\ld be pure1 t ! wat] ( ammonia %\ld be decid$ly 9 excess1 & t ! heat %\ld n exce$ t ,i h describ$4 ,! color w be a bright crimson incl9+ to yell[4 ,i h tri$ bo? pota% & soda1 pure1 in/ead ( wat] ( ammonia1 b aft] wa%+ ) "s degree ( c>e1 a trace ( ! alkali /ill rema9$1 & ! p]oxide 0 ( an o*rey color1 till ov]heat$1 & did n poli% prop]ly40 ,c>e %\ld be obs]v$ to apply r\ge 9 a dry /ate to ! surface ( ! plate4 ,i w\ld rem>k1 t s f> z my exp]i5ce has gone1 ,i consid] good r\ge fully equal to any o!r poli%+1 mat]ial = ! la/ or f9i%+ poli%+2 consequ5tly ,i %all n take up my space 9 enum]at+ any ( ! great v>iety t f9d few advocates4 ,:y ,r\ge is to be pref]r$4--8,because x burni%es bett]1 & because x assi/s 9 fix+ ! lay] ( gold1 r5d]+ x less susceptible ( be+ remov$ 9 scales :5 heat$ too mu*40 ,rott5 ,/one4--8,pur*ase ! be/ gr\nd rott5 /one ( ! druggi/1 put a few ounces at a "t 9 a w$gewood or porcela9 mort>1 ) pl5ty ( clean ra9 wat]4 ,?is %\ld h ab\t =ty drops ( nitric acid to ! qu>t4 ,gr9d well1 & aft] lett+ ! mort> /& two m9utes1 p\r into a ?ird4 ,aft] rema9+ undi/urb$ eight m9utes1 f9ally p\r (f into a f\r? to settle4 ,r9se back ! s$im5t 9 ! second & ?ird1 & gr9d ov] ) a new bat*4 ,repeat ! op]ation till y h all 9 ! f\r? vessel4 ,let ?is /& sev]al h\rs1 & p\r (f ! wat] v c>efully4 ,set ! deposit 9 ! sun1 or by a /ove to dry4 ,:5 p]fectly dry1 pulv]ize1 & x is ready = use4 ,) a little tr\ble y w obta9 9 ?is way a mu* bett] article ?an c g5]ally be b\ght ( deal]s4 ,= ! la/ wa%+1 alcohol1 or a mixture ( alcohol & wat]1 is pref]able40 ,potassa ,solution4--,! use ( a solution ( potassa 9 ! prep>ation ( ! plate 0 sugge/$ 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,x 0 ?\ght to possess "s peculi> prop]ty = improv+ ! tone ( ! impression4 ,x is us$ = moi/5+ ! rott5 /one 9 poli%+ ! plate1 & may be prep>$ by putt+ ab\t an ounce & a half ( alcohol 9 a close bottle1 & add half a /ick ( cau/ic pota%4 ,?is w soon become ( a deep r$ color4 ,= use1 fill y\r small bottle1 hav+ a quill 9 ! cork1 ) alcohol1 & add a few drops ( ! above1 or en\gh to *ange x to a bright orange or saffron color4 ,a ,sub/itute = ! ,hyposulphite ,solution4--,m4 ,,dagu]re recomm5ds ! use ( a solution ( salt wat] = remov+ ! coat+ (f ! plate4 ,i f\nd ?is ( "s s]vice at "o "t dur+ my travels4 ,my hyposulphite bottle got broke & its cont5ts lo/1 s z only to leave en\gh = prep>+ gild+4 ,i resort$ to ! use ( salt solution1 & f\nd x to answ] well4 ,make a saturat$ solution ( salt 9 wat]4 ,fir/ wa% ! plate ) cle> wat]2 !n imm]se x 9 ! sal9e solution1 :5 x %\ld be agitat$1 & ! coat+ w soon disappe>4 ,ano!r process ) a salt solution ( half ! /r5g? ( ! above is v int]e/+ & effectual4 ,! plate hav+ be5 dipp$ into cold wat]1 is plac$ 9 a solution ( common salt1 ( mod]ate /r5g?2 x lies )\t be+ act$ ^u at all2 b if x be n[ t\*$ on "o corn] ) a piece ( z9c1 :i* has be5 scrap$ bright1 ! yell[ coat ( iod9e moves (f l a wave & disappe>s4 ,x is a v pretty process4 ,! z9c & silv] =m+ toge!r a voltaic pair1 ) ! salt wat] int]v5+1 oxidation ( ! z9c takes place1 & ! silv] surface comm5ces to evolve hydrog5 gas2 :ile ?is is 9 a nasc5t condition x decomposes ! film ( iodide ( silv]1 giv+ rise to ! production ( hydriodic acid1 :i* is v soluble 9 wat]1 & h5ce in/antly remov$4 ,?is process1 !re=e1 diff]s f t ) hyposulphite4 ,! latt] acts by dissolv+ ! iodide ( silv]1 ! =m] by decompos+ x4 ,x is necess>y n to leave ! z9c 9 contact too long1 or x deposits /a9s1 & 9 l>ge plates ! contact %\ld be made at ! f\r corn]s successively1 to avoid ?is accid5t4 ,gild+ ,solution4--,to "o p9t ( pure ra9 or di/ill$ wat] add fifte5 gra9s ( pure *loride ( gold1 & to ano!r p9t add sixty gra9s ( hyposulphite ( soda4 ,:5 dissolv$1 p\r ! gold solution into ! hyposulphite by small quantities1 %ak+ well aft] ea* addition4 ,! soda solution mu/ n be p\r$ into ! gold1 z ! gold w\ld be imm$iately decompos$1 & ! solution turn black1 & be unfit = use4 ,"s op]ators add muriate ( pota% & o!r sub/ances1 b ^! d n possess any advantage except 9 cases :]e x is necess>y to blea* ! sol>iz$ portions ( ! impression1 & :5 su* is ! case1 *loride ( sodium 7common salt7 is probably z effective & is ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,add ab\t a teaspoonful to two ounces ( ! gild+4 ,solution1 = ,increas+ ! ,brilliancy ( ! ,dagu]reotype4--,?is solution w h ! effect to ?or\ghly cleanse ! surface ( ! gild$ plate & excite a p[]ful influ5ce on ! g5]al "* ( ! impression4 ,to a solution ( ?ree ounces ( wat]1 9 :i* is dissolv$ a qu>t] ( an ounce ( cyanide ( potassium1 add "o teaspoonful ( a solution conta9+ six ounces ( wat] & half an ounce ( ea* pure c>bonate ( pota%1 alum1 common salt1 gallic acid1 sulphate ( copp]1 & purifi$ borax4 ,:ile ! plate is wet1 p\r on a little1 & heat x ) a p[]ful blaze4 ,! effect w be quickly produc$1 9 f ?ree to fifte5 seconds4 ,r9se & dry1 z 9 ! gild+4 ,blea*+ ,solution4--,make a saturat$ solution ( muriate ( ammonia 7sal ammoniac7 9 pure wat]1 & filt] ?r\gh pap]4 ,r$uce ) an equal quantity ( wat] :5 us$4 ,:5 ! l95 or any o!r portion ( ! impression is badly sol>iz$1 aft] remov+ ! coat+1 r9se ) wat]2 !n p\r ?is ^u ! surface 9 ! same mann] z ! gild+ solution4 ,if ! sol>ization be v deep1 apply ! lamp b5ea?1 & w>m ! plate a trifle4 ,n[ p\r (f1 &1 )\t r9s+1 apply ! gild+4 ,! :ole op]ation mu/ be quickly p]=m$1 or ! *lor9e soon attacks ! %ades ( ! picture4 ,:5 prop]ly done1 h[ev]1 ! sol>iz$ p>ts are re/or$ to a cle>1 transp>5t :ite4 ,electro1 or ,cold ,gild+4--,?is process ,i h adopt$1 & x produces exce$+ly beautiful impressions = ! /]eoscope1 add+ a great *>m to ! pleas+ effect ( t in/rum5t4 ,x also possesses a pretty & curi\s effect on views4 ,x is easy ( trial1 & may be us$ by dissolv+ "o gramme ( *loride ( gold 9 half a litre ( ord9>y wat]1 & ?irty grammes ( hyposulphite ( soda 9 ano!r half litre ( simil> wat]2 !n p\r ! solution ( *loride ( gold into t ( soda1 by little & little1 agitat+ x exactly z 9 ,m4 ,fizeau's prep>ation1 ( :i* !re is b a v>iation4 ,:5 y wi% to use x1 p\r "s into a plate1 or any o!r vessel ( ! same k9d1 suffici5t to cov] ! pro(2 !n1 aft] hav+ add$ to x a drop ( ammonia1 imm]se ! plate 9 x z soon z y take x out ( ! m]cury-box1 aft] hav+ wip$ its back & edges1 & agitate ! mixture quickly f "r to left1 s z to dissolve rapidly ! coat+ ( iodide ( silv] z usual4 ,z soon z ! plate appe>s :ite1 cease all rapid motion1 b cont9ue to give x a slight undulat+ "o2 = if x 7 all[$ to rema9 /ill = only a few m9utes1 ! pro( w\ld be cl\d$4 ,by little & little1 ! surface ( ! plate takes a yell[ t9t1 :i* d>k5s m & m1 approa*+ to bi/re4 ,y /op !re=e1 at ! color y wi%2 & :5 ! pro( has be5 wa%$ & dri$1 9 ! mann] previ\sly expla9$1 x w be f\nd to be fix$1 )\t any /a91 ) a limpid surface1 & an extraord9>y w>m tone4 ,if y 7 to augm5t ! proportions ( ! ammonia or *loride ( gold1 ! op]ation w\ld progress mu* quick]1 b !n ! middle ( ! pro( w\ld be always mu* cle>] ?an t[>ds ! bord]4 ,! mixture may be us$ sev]al times )\t be+ r5ew$4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 give su* a beautiful color to ! impression z :5 x is newly prep>$4 ,by communicat+ to ! vessel conta9+ ! solution a cont9ual motion1 ! impression1 :5 once imm]s$1 w be fix$4 ,dur+ t "t1 & :ile att5d+ to any?+ else1 wat* its color2 & at ! end ( t5 m9utes or a qu>t] ( an h\r1 take x out ( ! ba? & dry x4 ,ag5t = ,neutraliz+ ,brom9e1 ,*lor9e1 & ,iod9e ,vapors4--,aqua ammonia1 spr9kl$ ab\t ! *emical or coat+ room1 w soon neutralize all ! vapor 9 ! atmosph]e ( ei!r *lor9e1 brom9e1 or iod9e4 ,no op]ator %\ld be )\t1 at lea/1 a six-ounce bottle fill$ ) ammonia4 ,a little ( its vapor ab\t ! cam]a-box has a decid$ & happy effect4 ,burnt c(fee1 pulv]iz$1 has also ! prop]ty ( de/roy+ ! vapors ( ! above *emicals1 z also almo/ any o!r ag5t employ$ ab\t ! ,dagu]reotype room4 ,its deodoriz+ prop]ties are su* t if br\ght 9 contact ) air fill$ ) ! odor ( decompos+ meat1 x w in/antly de/roy all disagreeable smell4 ,x c easily be us$ 9 ! ,dagu]reotype room by plac+ a little ( ! raw bean1 f9ely pulv]iz$1 on an old plate1 & roa/+ x ov] ! _s-lamp4 ,buff ,dry]4--,!re are v>i\s me?ods = keep+ buffs dry & free f du/4 ,"s place a %eet ( iron aga9/ ! wall at an angle suffici5t to put a lamp betwe5 x & ! wall1 & !n let ! buff re/ aga9/ ! top ( ! %eet4 ,by ?is me?od ! buff is = its full l5g? close to ! heat$ iron1 & at ! same "t expos$ to ! heat$ atmosph]e & any du/ t may be free4 ,i w\ld recomm5d "s arrangem5t by :i* ! buff w\ld be inclos$4 ,i h f\nd ! foll[+ to answ] ! purpose well1 :i* is a box ( %eet iron tw5ty in*es long1 eight wide & five high1 ) "o end left op5 & ! o!r clos$2 ! cov] is made ( ! same mat]ial1 ) ! edges b5t ov] to g on & (f4 ,!re are sev]al wires runn+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! sides1 :i* x is necess>y to cov] ) clo? or pap] to absorb all ! moi/ure t may be made by apply+ ! heat1 & ! buffs are put 9 & tak5 out at ! op5 end4 ,9 ord] t ! heat may be z ne>ly uni=m z possible1 an iron b> "o in* wide1 eighte5 in*es long & "o half in* ?ick1 is s b5t t ! c5tre is "o qu>t] in* f ! bottom ( ! box1 & t at lea/ two in*es ( ea* end come 9 contact ) ! bottom2 ?is be+ rivet$ on ! bottom1 & a lamp ) a small blaze appli$ to ! c5tre ( ! b> ( iron4 ,?is w con/itute "o ( ! be/ & *eape/ buff dry]s 9 use4 ,x may be susp5d$ f ! wall by plac+ wires ar\nd x1 or x may /& ^u legs4 ,p]haps a m conv5i5t plan is to place x "u ! workb5* 9 a simil> position to a draw]4 ,"o precaution is necess>y3 :5 fir/ heat+ ! dry]1 apply b a v g5tle heat4 ,?is w prev5t an accumulation ( moi/ure1 :i* w\ld o!rwise pass (f 9 /eam1 com+ 9 contact ) ! buff1 ?us caus+ a dampness4 ,ano!r caution3 nev] h ! temp]ature ( ! air 9 ! heat] m ?an t5 degrees above t :i* surr\nds x4 ,:5 :eels are us$1 !y %\ld be encas$ 9 a %eet iron or wood case4 ,all ^? made = our m>ket are provid$ 9 ?is respect4 ,keep+ ,buffs 9 ,ord]4--,?is is "o ( ! mo/ important objects to arre/ ! att5tion ( ! op]ator4 ,e buff is m or less liable to get out ( ord] by du/ fall+ ^u or com+ 9 contact ) ! poli%+ p[d] employ$ 9 clean+ ! plate4 ,! edge ( e plate %\ld be ?or\ghly wip$ & fre$ f any mat]ial t may adh]e :ile clean+4 ,i h adopt$ ! foll[+ me?od1 :i* proves highly successful3 ,rub ! buff lea!r1 hold+ ! face d[n1 ) ! %>p edge ( a pair ( %e>s or a piece ( glass4 ,?is br+s out any portion ( ! sk9 :i* may h become matt$ f any moi/ure1 & also takes out any sub/ance imb$d$ 9 x1 & prev5ts x f scrat*+4 ,!n1 ) a /iff bru%1 rub ! buff well1 & x w be f\nd to "w well4 ,?is same process employ on :eels & h& buffs e morn+1 or (t5]1 z occasion requires4 ,prep>+ ,buffs4--,two ( ^! are necess>y4 ,t "p ( ! /ick to be cov]$ %\ld be ab\t eighte5 or tw5ty in*es long1 & ?ree wide1 & made cr[n+ on ! face f "o end to ! o!r1 ab\t "o half in*4 ,be=e cov]+1 ^! are to be padd$ ) two or ?ree ?icknesses ( ,canton flannel4 ,! buff %\ld n be too h>d1 b padd$ ) flannel1 s t by draw+ x ov] ! plate1 x may t\* across ! surface4 ,! only prop] mat]ial = buffs is prep>$ bucksk92 & if prep>$ 9 a prop] mann]1 ?is ne$s no?+ b to be tack$ ^u ! /ick4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( :eels employ$2 ! "o mo/ g5]ally adopt$ is ,lewis' pat5t1 :i* consi/s ( sev]al v>ieties ( :eels4 ,any op]ator c make a suitable :eel on ! same plan ( a turn+ la!4 ,to ,clean ,bucksk9s4--,:5 ! op]ator is compell$ to pur*ase an unprep>$ bucksk91 ! foll[+ is a good process = clean+ x3 ,!re is always 9 ! bucksk9 lea!r t is pur*as$1 m or less ( an oily matt]1 :i* is acquir$ 9 its prep>ation1 sometimes ev5 am\nt+1 to a ?ird ( its weight4 ,! foll[+ is ! mode ( ridd+ x ( ?is noxi\s +r$i5t3 ,dissolve1 9 ab\t six or sev5 qu>ts ( filt]$ wat]1 ab\t five ounces ( pota%2 :5 dissolv$1 wa% ) ! solution an ord9>y bucksk92 :5 x has be5 well /irr$ 9 ! liquid1 ! wat] becomes v soapy1 ow+ to ! comb9ation ( ! pota% ) ! oily matt]s conta9$ 9 ! sk94 ,?r[ away ?is solution & use "s fre% wat] )\t pota% & r tepid2 *ange x sev]al times until x rema9s q limpid4 ,!n g5tly /ret* ! sk9 to dry 9 an airy %ad$ place4 ,:5 ?or\ghly dri$1 rub x well betwe5 ! h&s4 ,x ?us becomes v pliant & velvet-l4 ,reflectors = ,tak+ ,views4--,!re h be5 excell5t cam]as introduc$ = tak+ views1 b ! "t ( exposure1 :i* is increas$ 9 proportion to ! focal l5g?1 is consid]$ an objection2 consequ5tly _m adh]e to ! old plan ( us+ ! speculum1 or r1 sub/itute a mirror4 ,i n[ h "o :i* ,i h us$ = sev]al ye>s & f9d x equal to any article ( ! k9d h ev] tri$4 ,"o is easily made by a t9 man1 at a trifl+ exp5se4 ,procure a piece ( be/ plate look+-glass1 two & a half by five in*es = a qu>t]1 or f\r by eight = a half-siz$ cam]a2 put a piece ( pa/ebo>d ( ! same size on ! back1 to protect ! silv]+1 & /ick ar\nd ! edge 9 ! same mann] z 9 putt+ up a picture4 ,take a %eet ( t9 = ! l>ge size1 or a half %eet = ! o!r2 place ! glass crosswise 9 ! c5tre2 b5d ! ends ( ! t9 ov] ! edge ( ! glass & turn !m back s z to =m a groove to hold ! glass1 & /ill all[ x to slide out & 94 ,^! ends ( ! t9 mu/ be turn$ out fl>+1 t !y may n reflect 9 ! glass4 ,h a t9 b& ab\t an in* wide made to fit close on ! end ( ! cam]a tube2 place x on1 & tak+ ! t9 conta9+ ! glass1 br+ x to an angle ( =ty-five degrees ) ! tube1 ext5d+ ne>ly ! :ole l5g? ( ! glass 9 front ( ! l5ses2 lap ! loose ends ( ! t9 on ea* side ( ! t9 rim1 & hav+ y\r cam]a turn$ on ! side to ?r[ ! view l5g?wise1 arrange ! exact angle by exam9+ ! image on ! gr\nd-glass4 ,:5 y h x exactly "r1 hold x :ile x is sold]$ fa/ to ! b&4 ,take out y\r glass & /a9 ! t9 black1 to prev5t reflection4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,*emicals4 ,brom9e & its ,comp\nds--,iod9e & its ,comp\nds--,*lor9e & its comp\nds--,cyanide ( ,potassium--,hyposulphite ( ,soda--,hyposulphite ( ,gold--,nitric ,acid--,nitro-,muriatic ,acid--,hydro*loric ,acid--,hydr(luoric ,acid--,sulphuric ,acid--,accel]at+ ,sub/ances--,liquid ,s5sitives--,dry ,s5sitives1 etc41 etc4 ,,brom9e4 ,an article s ext5sively us$ 9 ! practice ( ! ,dagu]reotypic art z ,brom9e1 is des]v+ ( especial att5tion1 & accord+ly e p]son %\ld endeavor to make himself famili> ) its prop]ties & applications4 ,hi/ory4--,?is elem5t 0 discov]$ 9 #ahbf by ,m4 ,bal>d1 9 ! "m-liquor1 or residue ( ! evaporation ( sea-wat]4 ,x is nam$ f its (f5sive odor 7bromos1 bad odor74 ,9 nature x is f\nd 9 sea-wat] comb9$ ) alkal9e bases1 & 9 ! wat]s ( _m sal9e spr+s & inl& seas4 ,! salt spr+s ( ,ohio ab\nd 9 ! comp\nds ( brom9e1 & x is f\nd 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,dead ,sea4 ,! only use :i* has be5 made ( brom9e 9 ! arts is 9 ! practice ( photography4 ,x is also us$ 9 m$ic9e ,9 a *emical po9t ( view x is v int]e/+1 f its simil>ity 9 prop]ties1 & ! p>allelism ( its comp\nds to *lor9e & iod9e4 ,dr4 ,d4 ,alt]1 ( ,freeport1 ,pa41 is ! only ,am]ican manufactur]1 & furni%es all ( ! 8,am]ican ,brom9e40 ,yet we und]/& mu* purport+ to be ( ,g]man manufacture is prep>$ f t made 9 ,freeport4 ,?is is done by individuals 9 ?is city1 :o get well paid = ! deception4 ,= ! successful application ( brom9e z an accel]at+ ag5t1 we are indebt$ to ,mr4 ,john ,godd>d ( ,london1 :o at ! "t 0 associat$ ) ,mr4 ,john ,johnson1 n[ a resid5t ( ?is city4 ,prep>ation4--,! "m-liquor conta9+ bromides is treat$ ) a curr5t ( *lor9e gas1 :i* decomposes ^! salts1 sett+ ! brom9e free1 :i* at once colors ! liquid to a r$di% br[n color4 ,e!r is add$ & %ak5 ) ! liquid1 until all ! brom9e is tak5 up by ! e!r1 :i* acquires a f9e r$ color & sep>ates f ! sal9e liquid4 #gd ,solution ( cau/ic pota% is !n add$ to ! e!real solution1 =m+ bromide ( potassium & bromate ( pota%4 ,?is solution is evaporat$ to dryness1 & ! salts be+ collect$ are heat$ 9 a glass retort ) sulphuric acid & a little oxide ( manganese4 ,! brom9e is di/ill$1 & is cond5s$ 9 a cool$ receiv]1 into a r$ liquid4 ,prop]ties4--,brom9e some:at resembles *lor9e 9 its odor1 b is m (f5sive4 ,at common temp]atures x is a v volatile liquid1 ( a deep r$ color1 & ) a specific gravity ( #c1 be+ "o ( ! heavie/ fluids kn[n4 ,sulphuric acid floats on its surface1 & is us$ to prev5t its escape4 ,at z]o x freezes into a brittle solid4 ,a few drops 9 a l>ge flask w fill ! :ole vessel :5 slightly w>m$1 ) blood r$ vapors1 :i* h a d5sity ( ne>ly #f4jj1 air be+ "o4 ,x is a non-conductor ( electricity1 & suff]s no *ange ( prop]ties f heat1 or any o!r ( ! impond]able ag5ts4 ,x dissolves slightly 9 wat]1 =m+ a blea*+ solution4 ,*loride ( ,brom9e4--,?is z an accel]at+ ag5t is by _m consid]$ sup]ior #ge to ! o!r ,bromide comb9ations4 ,x c be readily prep>$ by pass+ a curr5t ( *lor9e ?r\gh a vessel conta9+ brom9e4 ,a mixture ( two p>ts muriatic acid & "o ( black oxide ( manganese1 %\ld be put into a flask hav+ a b5t tube to conduct ! *lor9e vapor into ! brom9e 9 ano!r vessel4 ,?is la/ vessel %\ld also be suppli$ ) a b5t tube = conduct+ ! comb9$ vapors ) a ?ird vessel or receiv]4 ,on ! application ( ! heat f a _s lamp to ! bottom ( ! flask1 a curr5t ( *lor9e gas w be dis5gag$1 & pass into ! brom9e1 :5 x readily comb9es1 & gives (f a vapor1 :i*1 :5 cond5s$ 9 ! ?ird vessel1 =ms a volatile yell[i%-r$ liquid4 ,x is be/1 ev5 at ord9>y temp]ature1 to place ! receiv] 9 an ice ba?4 ,= mann] ( us+1 see f>!r on1 "u head ( ,accel]ators4 ,bromides4--,a bromide treat$ ) oil ( vitriol1 dis5gages *lorohyadic acid2 b vapors ( brom9e are con/antly dis5gag$1 at ! same "t imp>t+ a br[n color to ! gas4 ,if ! bromide be treat$ ) a mixture ( sulphuric acid1 & p]oxide ( manganese1 bromide is only dis5gag$4 ,a solution ( a bromide gives1 ) ( nitrate #gf silv]1 a light yell[i% :ite precipitate ( bromide ( silv]1 :i* is insoluble 9 an excess ( acid1 & readily dissolves 9 ammonia4 ,! precipitat$ bromide is color$ by light l ! *loride1 b is imm$iately t+$ br[n1 :ile ! *loride assumes at fir/ a violet hue4 ,! bromides1 9 solution1 are readily decompos$ & *loride be+ set free1 colors ! liquid br[n4 ,9 ! :ole range ( heliographic *emicals !re is probably n ano!r collection less und]/ood & be+ s productive ( int]e/+ inve/igation z ! bromides4 ,bromide ( ,iod9e4--,m4 de ,valic\rs furni%es u ) ! be/ me?od = prep>+ ?is mixture3 8,into a bottle ( ! capacity ( ab\t two ounces1 p\r ?irty or =ty drops ( brom9e1 ! precise quantity n be+ ( importance4 ,!n add1 gra9 by gra91 z mu* iod9e z ! brom9e w dissolve till q saturat$4 ,?is po9t is asc]ta9$ :5 "s gra9s ( ! iod9e rema9 undissolv$4 ,!y may rema9 9 ! bottle1 z !y w n int]f]e ) ! success ( ! prep>ation4 8,! bromide ( iod9e ?us prep>$1 f its occupy+ s small a space1 c v easily be c>ri$1 b 9 ?is /ate x is mu* too conc5trat$ to be us$4 ,:5 x is to be employ$1 p\r a small quantity1 say fifte5 drops1 by means ( a dropp+-tube1 into a bottle conta9+ ab\t half an ounce ( filt]$ riv] wat]4 ,x w easily be und]/ood t ! bromide ( iod9e c be us$ ) a great] or less quantity ( wat] )\t alt]+ ! proportion :i* exi/s betwe5 ! brom9e & iod9e40 ,?is article =ms a v good dry accel]ator1 & is by "s p]sons ?\ght sup]ior to all o!rs1 z x works ) great uni=mity1 & is less liable to scum ! plate 9 coat+ at high temp]atures1 or :5 ! !rmomet] indicates a heat above #fj deg4 ,bromide ( ,potassium--,is prep>$ by mix+ brom9e & a solution ( pure potass toge!r1 & evaporat+ to dryness2 x cry/allizes 9 small cubes1 & dissolves readily 9 wat]4 ,?is ag5t is ext5sively employ$ 9 ! pap] & glass processes4 ,bromide ( ,lime4 ,?is ! pr9cipal accel]ator us$ 9 ! ,am]ican practice1 & is ! be/ ( all dry comb9ations at pres5t employ$4 ,!re are _m reasons :y ! dry is advantage\s2 ^! are too famili> to repeat4 8,! bromide ( lime may be produc$ by all[+ brom9e vapor to act ^u hydrate ( lime = "s h\rs4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t me?od ( do+ ?is is to place "s ( ! hydrate at ! bottom ( ! flask1 & !n put "s brom9e into a glass capsule support$ a little above ! lime4 ,z heat is develop$ dur+ ! comb9ation1 x is bett] to place ! l[] "p ( ! flask 9 wat] at ! temp]ature ( ab\t #ej deg4 ,fah42 ! lime gradually assumes a beautiful sc>let color1 & acquires an appe>ance v simil> to t ( ! r$ iodide ( m]cury4 ,! *loro-iodide ( lime may be =m$ 9 ! same mann]2 x has a deep br[n color4 ,bo? ^! comp\nds1 :5 ! vapor aris+ f !m is n too int5se1 h an odor analog\s to t ( blea*+ p[d]1 & q di/+ui%able f *lor9e1 brom9e1 or iod9e alone40 ,f>!r on1 ,i h giv51 9 connection ) accel]ators1 a process ,i adopt1 :i* is f> less t$i\s & equally reliable4 ,bromide ( ,silv]--,may be =m$ by p\r+ an alkal9e bromide into a solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 9 ! %ape ( a :ite1 slightly yell[i% precipitate1 :i* is insoluble 9 wat] & nitric acid1 b readily dissolves 9 ammonia & ! alkal9e hyposulphites4 ,*lor9e easily decomposes bromide ( silv]1 & trans=ms x into *loride4 ,m4 ,biot has express$ 8 op9ion1 t x is n possible to f9d any sub/ance m s5sitive to light ?an ! bromide ( silv]4 ,?is is true to a c]ta9 ext5t1 b 9 comb9ation ) deoxidiz+ ag5ts1 o!r prep>ations h a decid$ sup]iority ov] ! pure bromide ( silv]4 ,bromide ( ,gold--,is readily prep>$ by add+ a little bromide to ! br[n gold ( ! assay]s1 & all[+ x to rema9 "s "t "u wat]1 or assi/+ its action by a g5tle heat4 ,x =ms a salt ( a bright crimson color1 b 9 its g5]al prop]ties is precisely simil> to ! *loride us$ 9 gild+4 ,bromide ( ,magnesia--,is prep>$ 9 ! same mann] z bromide ( lime4 ,?is mixture is p>ticul>ly adapt$ = hot climates1 & is us$ 9 ?is c\ntry by "s few :o reg>d its use z a valuable secret4 ,bromide ( ,/>*4--,?is prep>ation is mu* us$1 b n alone4 ,x is comb9$ ) lime by putt+ ab\t "o "p 9 measure ( />* to f\r ( lime4 ,x is prep>$ by add+ brom9e to f9ely pulv]iz$ />*1 9 ! same mann] z bromide ( lime4 7,see ,accel]ators47 ,exp]im5ts ) ,brom9e4--,place 9 a v fl>+ w9e glass a few drops 7say t57 ( brom9e1 !n place a small piece ( phosphorus ab\t "o-tw5tie? ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,place ! latt] on ! end ( a /ick f five to t5 feet 9 l5g?4 ,s place x t ! phosphorus c be dropp$ into ! glass1 & 9 an in/ant combu/ion giv+ a l\d report w be ! result4 b4 ,expose a dagu]reotype plate to ! vapor ( brom9e1 x assumes a lead5-grey color1 :i*1 black5s by light v readily4 ,expos+ ?is to m]cury w n produce any decid$ action ^u ! lights4 ,imm]se x 9 ! solution ( ! muriate ( soda1 & ! p>ts unact$ ^u by light becomes a jet black1 :ile ! p>ts on :i* ! light has act$ w be dissolv$ (f1 leav+ a clean coat+ ( silv]4 ,?is w be a mo/ decid$ black picture on a :ite gr\nd4 c4 ,expose an impression$ plate1 t has be5 suffici5t "t 9 ! cam]a to become sol>iz$1 to ! vapors ( brom9e1 & ! impression w be fully develop$ & exhibit no signs ( sol>ization4 ,! exposure ov] ! brom9e mo/ be v brief4 ,*lor9e or iod9e w produce ! same result4 ,! latt] is pref]able4 ,aga91 %\ld ! impression$ plate be expos$ too long ov] ! vapor ( brom9e1 ! impression w\ld be r5d]$ :olly ins5sitive to ! m]curial vapor4 ,h5ce ?is me?od is resort$ to = re/or+ ! s5sibility ( ! plate :5 !re is reason to believe t ! impression w\ld n be a desirable "o2 z1 = example1 if a lik5ess ( a *ild be want$1 & x _h mov$ be=e ! plate _h be5 suffici5tly long expos$ 9 ! cam]a1 ! plate may be re/or$ to its orig9al s5sitiv5ess by re-coat+ ov] brom9e1 z above1 ?us sav+ ! "t & labor ( re-prep>+ ! plate = ! *emicals4 d4 ,if by accid5t 7we w\ld n advise a trial to any ext5t ( ?is71 y %\ld inhale a quantity ( ! vapor ( brom9e1 imm$iately inhale ! vapor ( aqua ammonia1 z ?is neutralizes ! dang]\s effect ( ! brom9e vapor4 ,e op]ator %\ld be provid$ ) a bottle ( ammonia1 z a little spr9kl$ ab\t ! *emical room soon dis9fects x ( all iod9e or brom9e vapor1 & also t5ds to facilitate ! op]ation 9 ! cam]a4 ,,iod9e4 ,hi/ory ( ,iod9e4--,?is is "o ( ! simple *emical bodies :i* 0 discov]$ 9 #ahab by ,m4 ,c\rtois1 ( ,p>is1 a manufactur] ( saltpetre1 :o f\nd x 9 ! "m-wat] ( t salt4 ,its prop]ties 7 fir/ /udi$ into by ,m4 ,gay ,lussac4 ,x p>takes mu* ( ! nature ( *lor9e & brom9e4 ,its aff9ity = o!r sub/ances is s p[]ful z to prev5t x f exi/+ 9 an isolat$ /ate4 ,x occurs comb9$ ) potassium & sodium 9 _m m9]al wat]s1 su* z ! br9e spr+ ( ,a%by-de-la-,z\*e1 & o!r /rongly sal9e spr+s4 ,?is comb9ation exi/s sp>+ly 9 sea-wat]1 abundantly 9 _m species ( fucus or sea-we$1 & 9 ! kelp made f !m4 ,x is an +r$i5t 9 ! ,salt ,licks1 sal9e1 & br9e spr+s ( ?is c\ntry1 especially ( ^? 9 ! valley ( ! ,mississippi4 ,x is sp>+ly f\nd 9 fre%-wat] plants1 z well also 9 coal1 & 9 comb9ation ) num]\s o!r bodies4 ,f]m5t$ liquors conta9 iod9e2 w9e1 cid]1 & p]ry are m ioduret$ ?an ! av]age ( fre% wat]s4 ,milk is ri*] 9 iod9e ?an w9e2 indep5d5tly ( ! soil1 ) :i* x v>ies1 ! proportion ( iod9e 9 milk is 9 ! inv]se ratio ( ! abundance ( t secretion4 ,eggs 7n ! %ell7 conta9 mu* iod9e4 ,a f[l's egg weigh+ #ej gr4 conta9s m iod9e ?an a qu>t ( c['s milk4 ,iod9e exi/s 9 arable l&4 ,x is abundant 9 sulphur1 iron1 & manganese ores1 & sulphuret ( m]cury3 b r>e 9 gypsum1 *alk1 calc>e\s & silici\s e>?s4 ,any attempt to extract iod9e economically %\ld be made ) ! plants ( ! f]ro-ioduret$ fre% wat]s4 ,mo/ ( ! bodies reg>d$ by ! !rapeuti/s z pectoral & anti-scr(ul\s are ri* 9 iod9e4 ,x is probably to ! application ( ?is body t we owe ! discov]y ( ! dagu]reotype4 ,!re is no record ( ! precise date :5 ,dagu]re comm5c$ exp]im5t+ ) iod9e1 b by ! publi%$ correspond5ce betwe5 him & ,m4 ,neipce1 8 p>tn]1 x 0 previ\s to #ahcc4 ,!re is no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t ! fir/ successful application 0 made 9 #ahch1 z ! discov]y 0 report$ to ! _w e>ly 9 ,janu>y1 #ahci4 ,prep>ation4--,iod9e is mo/ly prep>$ f kelp1 or ! half vitrifi$ a%es ( seawe$1 prep>$ by ! inhabitants ( ! we/]n isl&s1 & ! nor!rn %ores ( ,scotl& & ,irel&4 ,x is treat$ ) wat]1 :i* wa%es out all ! soluble salts1 & ! filt]$ solution is evaporat$ until ne>ly all ! c>bonate ( soda & o!r sal9e matt]s h cry/alliz$ out4 ,! rema9+ liquor1 :i* conta9s ! iod9e1 is mix$ ) successive portions ( sulphuric acid 9 a lead5 retort1 & aft] /&+ "s days to all[ ! sulphuret$ hydrog51 etc41 to escape1 p]oxide ( manganese is add$1 & ! :ole g5tly heat$4 ,iod9e di/ills ov] 9 a purple vapor1 & is cond5s$ 9 a receiv]1 or 9 a s]ies ( two-neck$ globes4 ,prop]ties4--,iod9e is solid at ! ord9>y temp]ature1 pres5t+ ! appe>ance ( d>k-grey or purple spangles1 possess+ a high degree ( metallic lu/re4 ,x some:at resembles plumbago1 ) :i* x is sometimes dilut$1 p>ticul>ly :5 x is f9e4 ,op]ators %\ld endeavor to secure ! l>g] cry/als4 ,x melts at #bbd4f deg41 =m+ a br[n or ne>ly black liquid4 ,x boils at ab\t #cef deg41 & emits a v deep violet color$ vapor4 ,x gives (f a v appreciable vapor1 suffici5t = all purposes ( =m+ ! iodide ( silv] on ! dagu]reotype plate1 at a temp]ature ( #de deg4 or ev5 l[]4 ,iod9e cry/allizes readily4 ,e op]ator has f\nd ^u ! side ( ! j> 9 8 coat+-box1 p]fectly regul> cry/als1 deposit$ !re by sublimation4 ,wat] dissolves b a small proportion ( iod9e1 requir+ #gjjj p>ts ( wat] to dissolve "o ( iod9e1 #he or "o gra9 to ! gallon ( wat]4 ,alcohol & e!r dissolve x freely1 z does a solution ( nitrate or hydro*lorate ( ammonia & ( iodides4 ,! d5sity ( solid iod9e is #d4ie2 t ( its vapor #h4gaf4 ,x greatly resembles *lor9e & brom9e 9 its comb9ations1 b its aff9ities are weak]4 ,x does n de/roy ! majority ( organic sub/ances1 & vegetable colors g5]ally resi/ its action4 ,x comb9es ) sev]al organic sub/ances1 imp>t+ to !m peculi> colors4 ,x colors ! sk9 br[n1 b ! /a9 soon disappe>s4 ,*loride ( ,iod9e--,is =m$ by pass+ *lor9e into a bottle conta9+ "s iod9e4 ,?is c be readily done by p\r+ "o ounce & a half ( muriatic acid ^u a qu>t] ( an ounce ( p[d]$ black oxide ( manganese1 & heat x gradually 9 a flask1 to :i* is adapt$ a b5t glass tube4 ,?is tube mu/ connect ) ! bottle conta9+ ! iod9e1 & ! yell[i%-gre5 gas dis5gag$ w readily comb9e ) ! iod9e1 =m+ a deep r$ liquid1 & ! op]ation is complete4 ,! use ( *loride ( iod9e w be ref]r$ to 9 connection ) ! ,accel]ators4 #hf ,iodides4--,! iodide treat$ ) ! oil ( vitriol1 in/antly produces a consid]able deposit ( iod9e2 & if ! mixture be heat$1 int5se viol5t vapors are dis5gag$4 ,! reaction is due to ! decomposition ( oil ( vitriol by iodohydric acid1 wat] & sulphur\s acid be+ =m$1 & iod9e set free4 ,! iodides 9 solution are decompos$ by *lor9e1 iod9e be+ precipitat$1 ! smalle/ quantity ( :i* 9 solution is in/antly detect$ by its imp>t+ to />* an int5sely blue color4 ,iodide ( ,potassium4#d--,?is comp\nd is easily made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,subject to a mod]ate heat a mixture ( #ajj p>ts ( iod9e1 #ge ( c>bonate ( pota%1 #cj ( iron fil+s1 & #abj p>ts ( wat]4 ,?is mass mu/ be ?or\ghly dri$ & !n heat$ to r$ness2 ! result+ r$di% p[d] is to be wa%$ ) wat]1 & ! solution obta9$ filt]$1 & evaporat$ to dryness4 ,x is f\nd t #ajj p>ts ( iod9e yield #ace p>ts ( v :ite1 b slightly alkal9e1 iodide ( potassium4 #d ,i %all pres5t ! prep>ation ( only a few iodides1 & su* z are m intimately connect$ ) ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,exp]im5t4--,on project+ dry pulv]iz$ iodide ( potassium into fus$ anhydr\s phosphoric acid1 a viol5t dis5gagem5t ( iod9e takes place1 att5d$ by a transi5t ignition2 fus$ hydrate ( phosphoric acid lib]ates iod9e abundantly f iodide ( potassium2 ?is reaction is accompani$ by ! ph5om5on ( flame & =mation ( a consid]able quantity ( hydriodic acid4 ,iodide ( ,m]cury4--,= ! prep>ation ( iodide ( m]cury1 ,dublanc recomm5ds to cov] #ajj grms4 ( m]cury ) #a kilogrm4 ( alcohol1 to add #abd grms4 ( iod9e gradually 9 portions ( t5 grms41 & agitat+ betwe5 ea* fre% addition1 until ! alcohol becomes colorless aga94 ,aft] ! addition ( ! la/ #d grms4 ! alcohol rema9s color$1 ! :ole ( ! m]cury hav+ become conv]t$ into iodide4 ,! result+ prep>ation is wa%$ ) alcohol2 x is cry/all9e & ( a hyac9? color4 ,iodide ( ,silv]4--,?is comp\nd is =m$ ^u e plate ^u :i* a ,dagu]reotype is produc$4 ,! vapor ( iod9e com+ 9 contact ) ! silv] surface1 =ms an iodide :i* is peculi>ly s5sitive to light4 ,! v>i\s colors produc$ are ow+ to ! ?ickness ( ! coat+1 & ! maximum s5sibility ( ! coat+1 z g5]ally adopt$1 is :5 x assumes a deep yell[1 or slightly t+$ ) rose color4 ,?is comp\nd is l>gely employ$ 9 mo/ photographic processes on pap]1 & may be easily prep>$ by ! foll[+ =mula3 ,by add+ iodide ( potassium to a solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 a yell[i%-:ite precipitate ( iodide ( silv] is obta9$1 :i* is insoluble 9 wat]1 slightly soluble 9 nitric acid1 & soluble 9 a small degree 9 ammonia1 :i* prop]ties seem easily to di/+ui% x f ! *loride & bromide ( silv]4 ,*lor9e decomposes x & sets ! iod9e free1 & *lorohydric acid conv]ts x into a *loride4 ,x fuses bel[ a r$ heat4 ,al?\gh ! effect ( light on ! iodide is less rapid ?an on ! *loride1 ! =m] soon] turn+ black1 assum+ a br[n t+e2 b :5 9 connection ) gallic acid & ! f]rocyanate ( pota%1 x =ms two ( ! mo/ s5sitive processes on pap]4 ,iodide ( silv] dissolves easily 9 a solution ( iodide ( potassium1 & ! liquid deposits 9 evaporation cry/als ( a d\ble iodide4 ,iodide ( ,gold4--,if a solution ( potassium be add$ to a solution ( *loride ( gold1 a precipitate ( iodide ( gold takes place1 soluble 9 an excess ( ! precipitate4 ,a little free pota% %\ld be add$ to comb9e ) any iodide t may *ance to be set free by ! *loride ( gold4 ,iodide ( ,lime is prep>$ by add+ iod9e to hydrate ( lime 7:i* w be ref]r$ to f>!r on7 until ! mixture assumes a light yell[ %ade1 :5 want$ = comb9ations ) accel]ators1 or to a d>k br[n :5 employ$ = ! fir/ coat+4 ,?is latt] mixture has be5 sold 9 our m>ket "u ! "n ( 8,iodide ( ,brome40 ,iodide ( ,brom9e4--7,see page #gf47 ,exp]im5ts ) ,iod9e4--,place a plate :i* has be5 expos$ 9 ! cam]a ov] ! vapor ( iod9e = a v brief p]iod1 & x w pres5t ! appe>ance ( ! impression hav+ be5 sol>iz$4 b4 ,^u a ,dagu]reotype plate1 f :i* an impression has be5 effac$ by rubb+ or o!rwise1 ! picture may be made to reappe> by m]ely coat+ x ov] ) iod9e4 c4 ,place 9 a vessel a little wat]1 into :i* put ! smalle/ possible quantity ( free iod9e & add a little />*1 & ! liquid w in/antly assume a blue color4 ,advantage is tak5 ( ?is fact 9 ! laboratory to detect ! pres5ce ( iod9e 9 liquids4 ,! />* %\ld be dissolv$ 9 boil+ wat] & all[$ to cool4 ,!re are num]\s o!r int]e/+ exp]im5ts t c be p]=m$ by ! aid ( iod9e1 b x is unnecess>y "h to consume m space4 ,,*lor9e4 ,hi/ory4--,! ,sw$i% *emi/1 ,s*eele1 9 #aggd1 :ile exam9+ ! action ( hydro*loric acid on p]oxide ( manganese1 fir/ notic$ ?is elem5t4 ,he call$ x dephlogi/icat$ muriatic acid4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds1 by ! ,fr5* nom5claturi/s1 t]m$ oxyg5at$ muriatic acid1 conceiv+ x to be a comp\nd ( oxyg5 & muriatic acid4 ,?is view ( its notice 0 correct$ by ,sir ,h4 ,davy 79 #ahji71 :o gave x ! pres5t "n4 ,9 #ahdj-da1 ?is gas vas employ$ = accel]at+ ! op]ation ( light ^u ! iodiz$ ,dagu]reotype plate4 ,john ,godd>d1 ,wolcott ,johnson1 ,claudet1 ,drap]1 ,morse & o!rs1 7 among ! fir/ made acqua9t$ ) its use4 ,c\nt ,rum=d1 ,ritt]1 ,s*eele1 ,seeb]t & o!rs1 exp]im5t$ ) *lor9e 9 reg>d to its effect :5 expos$ to ! action ( light 9 comb9ation ) silv]4 ,9 #ahde1 ,m4 ,edw>d ,becqu]el ann\nc$ t he _h 8be5 successful 9 obta9+1 by ! ag5cy ( sol> radiations1 di/9ct impressions1 ( ! colors ( nature40 ,on ! #d? ( ,m>*1 #ahea1 ,neipce1 ,/4 ,victor1 a =m] p>tn] ( ,,dagu]re1 ann\nc$ t he _h produc$ 8all ! colors by us+ a ba? ( bi*loride ( copp]1 & t a simil> ph5om5on occurs ) all salts ( copp]1 mix$ ) *lor9e40 ,prep>ation4--,?is is easily accompli%$ by putt+ ab\t two p>ts ( hydro*loric 7muriatic7 acid on "o ( p[d]$ black oxide ( manganese1 & heat+ x gradually 9 a flask or retort1 to :i* may be adapt$ a b5t glass tube4 ,a yell[i%-gre5 gas is dis5gag$1 :i* be+ conduct$ ?r\gh ! glass tube to ! bottom ( a bottle1 c readily be collect$1 be+ mu* heavi] ?an ! air1 displaces x completely & ! bottle is fill$ 7:i* c be se5 by ! gre5 color72 a greas$ /opp] is tightly fitt$ to x1 & ano!r bottle may be sub/itut$4 ,9 all exp]im5ts ) *lor9e1 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to inhale ! gas6 ,prop]ties4--,*lor9e is a gre5i%-yell[ gas 7:5ce its "n1 f *loros1 gre571 ) a p[]ful & suffocat+ odor1 & is :olly irrespirable4 ,ev5 :5 mu* dilut$ ) air1 x produces ! mo/ annoy+ irritation ( ! ?roat1 ) /ricture ( ! *e/ & a sev]e c\gh1 :i* cont9ues = h\rs1 ) ! dis*>ge ( mu* ?ick mucus4 ,! attempt to brea! ! undilut$ gas w\ld be fatal2 yet1 9 a v small quantity1 & dissolv$ 9 wat]1 x is us$ ) b5efit by pati5ts suff]+ "u pulmon>y consumption4 ,"u a pressure ( ab\t f\r atmosph]es1 x becomes a limpid fluid ( a f9e yell[ color1 :i* does n freeze at z]o1 & is n a conductor ( electricity4 ,x imm$iately returns to ! gase\s /ate ) eff]vesc5ce on remov+ ! pressure4 ,wat] rec5tly boil$ w absorb1 if cold1 ab\t twice its bulk ( *lor9e gas1 acquir+ its color & *>act]i/ic prop]ties4 ,! moi/ gas1 expos$ to a cold ( #cb deg41 yields beautiful yell[ cry/als1 :i* are a def9ite comp\nd ( "o equival5t ( *lor9e & t5 ( wat]4 ,if ^! cry/als are h]metically seal$ up 9 a glass tube1 !y w1 on melt+1 ex]t su* a pressure z to liquefy a portion ( ! gas1 :i* is di/9ctly se5 z a yell[ fluid1 n miscible ) ! wat] :i* is pres5t4 ,*lor9e is "o ( ! heavie/ ( ! gases1 its d5sity be+ #b4dg1 & #ajj cubic in*es weigh+ #gf4e gra9s4 ,*lor9e ,wat]4--,?is comb9ation1 :i* is us$ 9 conduct+ ,m4 ,neipce's process1 c be readily prep>$ by conduct+ ! gas into a bottle conta9+ di/ill$ wat]4 ,"o "p wat] dissolves two p>ts ( *lor9e4 ,*lorides4--,! metallic *lorides are ne>ly all soluble 9 wat]2 t ( silv] & proto*loride ( m]cury be+ ! only exceptions4 ,a metallic *loride1 treat$ ) oil ( vitriol1 dis5gages *lorohydric acid4 ,heat$ ) a mixture ( p]oxide ( manganese & sulphuric acid1 *lor9e is giv5 (f1 :i* is easily recogniz$ by its odor & o!r physical prop]ties4 ,! *lorides dissolve 9 wat]2 give ) nitrate ( silv]1 a :ite precipitate1 ev5 9 highly dilut$ solutions1 becom+ violet color$ & f9ally black :5 expos$ to ! light4 ,! rapidity ( ! *ange ( color is proportion$ to ! int5sity ( ! light4 ,x is insoluble 9 nitric acid1 b readily soluble 9 ammonia2 x fuses )\t decomposition1 =m+1 :5 cold1 a t\gh1 horny mass1 & is r$uc$ by hydrog5 & by fusion ) c>bonate ( soda1 or ) res94 ,*loride ( ,brom9e4 7,see page #gd47 ,*loride ( ,iod9e4 7,see page #he47 ,*loride ( potassium4--or 7,muriate ( ,potassa74--,dissolve half an ounce ( c>bonate ( potassa 9 wat]1 & neutralize ) muriatic acid4 ,^u conc5trat+ ! solutions1 cubic cry/als w be obta9$1 hav+ a ta/e simil> to common salt4 ,!y consi/ ( potassium & *loride1 & :5 dissolv$ 9 wat] !y may be reg>d$ z muriate ( potassa4 ,*loride ( ,lime4--,mix half an ounce ( slack$ lime 7hydrate ( lime7 ) six ounces ( wat]1 & conduct into ?is milk ( lime1 ) frequ5t agitation1 z mu* *lor9e gas z w evolve f two ounces ( muriatic acid & half an ounce ( black oxide ( manganese4 ,! liquid cl>ifies by /&+2 may be reg>d$ z a solution ( *loride ( lime1 & mu/ be protect$ f ! air & light4 ,x may also be made )\t putt+ 9 ! wat] ) ! hydrate ( lime1 by m]ely pass+ ! *lor9e into ! hydrate ( lime4 ,?is la/ is by "s us$ 9 prep>ations = accel]at+ ! op]ation ( tak+ ,dagu]reotypes1 b :5 us$ = ?is purpose x is 9 small quantities4 ,*loride ( ,calcium4--,to "o "p ( wat] add two p>ts ( muriatic acid1 & add pieces ( common *alk until eff]vesc5ce ceases2 !n filt] ?r\gh cotton clo? & evaporate x by plac+ x 9 all e>!n or porcela9 di%1 ov] a sl[ fire1 to ! consi/5cy ( a syrup4 ,:5 cool+1 l>ge prismatic cry/als ( *loride ( calcium are =m$4 ,^! mu/ be quickly dri$ by press+ betwe5 folds ( blott+ pap] & kept c>efully exclud$ f ! air1 z x readily attracts hydrog54 ,= mo/ dagu]reotype purposes1 ! syrup may be at once evaporat$ to dryness4 ,?is is frequ5tly plac$ 9 ! iod9e coat+ box = ! purpose ( keep+ ! atmosph]e dry4 ,x is s easily made t e op]ator c provide himself ) x 9 a %ort "t1 & at little exp5se4 ,*loride ( ,gold4--,is prep>$ by dissolv+ gold 9 aqua regia1 a composition ( "o "p ( nitric to two p>ts ( muriatic acid4 ,gold foil is ! be/ = our purposes2 co91 h[ev]1 answ]s1 9 mo/ cases1 = ! dagu]reotype op]ator1 z ! alloy1 be+ s slight is n notic$ 9 ! gild+ process4 ,:5 ! latt] is us$1 x w facilitate ! op]ation to beat x out1 =m+ a ?9 %eet1 & !n cutt+ 9 small /rips4 ,:]e purity is requir$1 foil is bett]4 ,! gold is plac$ 9 ?ree or f\r times its own weight ( ! above acids4 ,= ?is purpose1 an evaporat+ di% is be/ 7a common sauc] w d72 a mod]ate heat may be appli$ to favor ! action4 ,! mixture %\ld be /irr$ (t5 ) a glass rod2 c>e %\ld be obs]v$ n to apply too mu* heat1 = at a temp]ature ( ab\t #cjj deg4 ! *lor9e w\ld be expell$ & leave a metallic precipitate1 :i* w\ld require re-dissolv+4 ,acid may at any "t be add$ if necess>y to dissolve ! gold1 b x is advisable to add z little excess z possible1 z x w\ld require m "t to evaporate4 ,aft] all ! gold has dissolv$1 & ! liquid assumes a deep r$ color1 ! solution %\ld be all[$ to cool1 be+ /irr$ ne>ly all ! "t4 ,?is salt is ( a r$di%-br[n color4 ,x is r>ely we f9d 9 our m>ket good *loride ( gold1 z common1 salt is us$ = ! bulk2 & :5 ! bottles are labell$ 8#ae gra9s10 8#bj gra9s10 n9e-t5?s d n 9 reality conta9 exce$+ five gra9s ( *loride ( gold4 ,! salt is mix$ ) ! above solution :5 x is cool+1 & gives bright yell[ cry/als1 :i* "s ( our un9=m$ op]ators conceive to be ! be/ quality4 ,*loride ( ,silv]4--7,oxide ( ,silv]47--,take any quantity ( silv] co9 or o!r silv]1 roll or hamm] x ?92 cut 9 small pieces4 ,?is 9 ord] to save "t4 ,put ! silv] 9 a glass or e>!n vessel 7,flor5ce flask is be/72 p\r 9 nitric acid & wat]1 ab\t ?ree p>ts ( ! =m] to "o ( ! latt]4 ,! op]ation ( cutt+ up ! silv] may be facilitat$ by apply+ a g5tle heat4 ,?is blue solution consi/s ( oxide ( silv] & oxide ( copp]1 bo? comb9$ ) nitric acid4 ,%\ld ! op]ator wi% a pure solution ( silv]1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n always us$1 he may obta9 x 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,to sep>ate ! two metals conta9$ 9 ! above solution f ea* o!r1 put "s bright copp] co9s into ! solution & set x aside 9 a w>m place = ?ree or f\r days1 occasionally giv+ x a circul> motion4 ,! sep>at$ lam9ae are pure silv]1 :i* is to be dige/$ ) ammonia until x ceases to be color$ blue4 ,! silv]1 aft] be+ wa%$ & dri$1 is aga9 dissolv$ 9 nitric acid1 & ! liquid1 dilut$ ) wat]1 is kept z solution1 ( silv]4 ,ei!r ( ! above solutions 7! "o ( oxide ( silv] & copp]1 & ! pure silv] solution7 may be prep>$ = use by putt+ !m 9 a bottle1 ) a quantity ( wat]1 & add+ common f9e salt1 y obta9 a :ite curdy precipitate ( *loride ( silv]4 ,no matt] h[ mu* salt is us$1 provid$ en\gh be add$ to ?r[ d[n all ! *loride ( silv]4 ,?is solution %\ld be well agitat$ & !n all[$ to /& = a few m9utes2 ?us ! :ite precipitate is 9 ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,:5 ! wat] has become cle>1 p\r x (f ) c>e1 leav+ ! s$im5t beh9d1 !n add a fre% quantity ( clean wat]1 %ake1 let settle1 & p\r (f z be=e4 ,repeat ! same = sev]al times1 & ! excess ( salt w disappe>1 leav+ ! :ite precipitate1 :i* may be dra9$ ( ! wat] & dri$ 9 ! d>k1 & kept free f light & air4 ,,cyanide ,,( ,,potassium4 ,cyanide ( ,potassium4--,?is important article is wor?y ! undivid$ att5tion ( e ,dagu]reotypi/4 ,i "h give ,mr4 ,smee's process = its prep>ation4 ,?is is f t au?or's "w entitl$1 8,electro ,metallurgy10 ,am]ican edition3 8,! cyanide ( potassium1 s (t5 allud$ to :ile treat+ ( ! metallo-cyanides1 may be =m$ 9 sev]al ways4 ,x may be obta9$ by heat+ to a dull r$ness ! yell[ f]rocyanate ( pota%1 9 a cov]$ vessel1 filt]+ & rapidly evaporat+ x4 ,! objection to ?is me?od1 h[ev]1 is t )\t great c>e ! :ole ( ! f]rocyanate is n decompos$1 a circum/ance :i* mu* r$uces its value = electro-metallurgy4 ,by boil+1 h[ev]1 ! ignit$ residue ) spirits ( w9e ?is difficulty is said to be ov]come1 z ! f]rocyanate is absolutely insoluble 9 t m5/ruum1 :ile ! cyanuret1 at t heat1 freely dissolves1 & is z easily re-deposit$ on cool+4 8,!re is1 h[ev]1 a mu* bett] process by :i* ?is salt may be =m$1 viz4 by simply transmitt+ hydrocyanic acid ?r\gh potassium4 ,al?\gh ! modes ( mak+ ?is acid are v num]\s1 !re is b "o :i* is likely to be employ$ on a v l>ge scale1 & t is its =mation f ! yell[ f]rocyanate by means ( sulphuric acid4 ,?is process is p]=m$ z foll[s3 any giv5 weight ( ! yell[ salt is tak5 & dissolv$ 9 ab\t five times its weight ( wat]2 ?is is plac$ 9 a retort1 or "s su* analog\s vessel1 to :i* is !n add$ a quantity ( /rong sulphuric acid1 twice ! weight ( ! salt1 & dilut$ ) ?ree or f\r times its quantity ( wat]4 ,a pipe is c>ri$ f ! neck ( ! retort to ! receiv+ bottle1 :i* %\ld be kept z cool z possible4 8,= small op]ations1 ^? invaluable vessels1 ,flor5ce flasks1 answ] well3 a b5t tube be+ connect$ at "o end to its mon?1 ! o!r pass+ into ! second vessel2 heat %\ld be cauti\sly appli$ by means ( an ,arg& lamp1 a little vessel ( s& be+ plac$ "u ! flask1 :i* helps ! acid to decompose ! salt4 ,prussic acid is !n g5]at$ & passes ?r\gh ! tube to ! recipi5t vessel1 :i* is to be *>g$ ) liquor potassae4 8,:5 ! pota% is saturat$1 ! op]ation is complet$4 ,! ,g]mans recomm5d a /rong1 alcoholic solution ( potassa to be us$ 9 ! second vessel1 = 9 ?is case1 ! hydrocyanic or prussic acid comb9es ) ! potassa1 =m+ a hydrocyanate ( potassa1 or1 ! wat] be+ ab/ract$1 ! cyanuret ( potassium1 :i* spontane\sly precipitates1 on ! saturation ( ! fluid1 ! cyanuret1 be+ insoluble 9 /rong alcohol4 ,! f]rocyanate ( pota% may be consid]$ z conta9+ ?ree equival5ts ( hydrocyanic acid1 two ( pota% & "o ( iron2 b1 un=tunately1 we c only obta9 half ! acid f ! salt1 ow+ to ! =mation ( a comp\nd dur+ its decomposition :i* resi/s ! action ( ! acid4 ,! decomposition ( ?is salt tak+ #b equival5ts or #dbf gra9s 7to avoid fractions7 w\ld af=d #c equival5ts or #ha gra9s ( hydrocyanic1 or prussic acid1 capable ( =m+ #aih gra9s ( cyanuret ( potassium1 :ile 9 ! retort !re w\ld rema9 #chd gra9s or #c equival5ts ( bisulphate ( pota%1 & #a equival5t or #agd gra9s ( a peculi> comp\nd1 said to conta9 #c equival5ts ( cyanog51 #a ( potassium1 & "o ( iron 7,p]eira74 ,x is manife/ t1 b = ?is lat] comp\nd1 we might d\ble ! quantity ( hydrocyanic acid f ! yell[ salt40 ,! decomposition j describ$ is ! "o usually receiv$2 b too mu* reliance mu/ n be plac$ on its accuracy1 = ! analysis ( ! sev]al comp\nds is too difficult = ! results to be fully admitt$4 ,! residue left 9 ! retort spe$ily turns to "o ( ! blues1 id5tical )1 or alli$ to1 ,prussian blue4 ,?is is at be/ a disagreeable process to conduct1 = ! hydrocyanic acid =m$ adh]es s /rongly to ! glass1 t1 in/ead ( be+ freely giv5 (f1 bubbles are evolv$ sudd5ly ) su* explosive viol5ce z occasionally to crack ! vessel4 ,?is may be rem$i$ z f> z possible by ! ins]tion ( pl5ty ( wa/e pieces ( plat9um--if plat9iz$1 s mu* ! bett]1 z t facilitates ! escape ( ! gas4 ,! heat %\ld be appli$ to e "p ( ! vessel1 & ! flame %\ld n be all[$ to play ^u "o s+le "p alone4 ,l>ge comm]cial op]ations are p]=m$ 9 gre5 glass or /one-w>e retorts4 8,n[ = "o ^w ( advice to ! tyro3 ,rememb] t y are work+ ) prussic acid2 !re=e1 nev] conduct ! process 9 a room1 ! fumes be+ q z poison\s z ! solution ( ! acid itself2 moreov]1 h always a bottle ( ammonia or *lor9e by y\r side1 t %\ld y h *anc$ to inhale m ?an is pleasant1 x w be in/antly at h& to c\nt]act any bad effects4 ,x is /at$ by ,p]eira1 t a little sulphuric acid or hydr(]rocyanic acid passes to ! out] vessel1 b probably ! am\nt w\ld be ( no consequ5ce = electro-metallurgy1 o!rwise1 x might be z well to use a ,w\lfe's app>atus1 & disc>d ! salt =m$ 9 ! fir/ vessel4 ,to ! l>ge manufactur] x may be wor? consid]+ :e!r "s o!r metallo-cyanuret1 =m$ 9 a simil> mann] to ! f]rocyanuret1 might n be m advantage\sly employ$1 because ! residue ( ! process la/ describ$ conta9s a l>ge quantity ( cyanog5 :i* ! acid is unable to set free4 8,!re are o!r modes ( procur+ prussic acid1 besides ! "o :i* has be5 s t$i\sly describ$2 b ^! are f\nd to be m exp5sive4 ,! only "o :i* ,i %all n[ notice is ! process by :i* x is obta9$ f bicyanide ( m]cury4 ,! bicyanide ( m]cury itself is =m$ :5 p]oxide ( m]cury is dige/$ ) ,prussian blue1 ! p]oxide ( m]cury ab/ract+ ! :ole ( ! cyanog5 f ! blue1 & leav+ ! oxides ( iron at ! bottom ( ! vessel4 ,! solution may be evaporat$ to dryness1 & "o "p ( ! salt dissolv$ 9 six ( wat]2 "o "p ( muriatic acid1 sp4 gr4 #a4ae1 is !n add$1 & ! solution di/ill$1 :5 ! :ole ( ! hydrocyanic acid passes ov]1 & by be+ conduct$ into a solution ( potassa1 z 9 ! =m] process1 =ms cyanuret ( potassium4 ,?is process1 ?\gh easi] ?an ! fir/ describ$1 is r giv5 z a res\rce "u peculi> circum/ances ?an z "o to be adopt$ by ! l>ge manufactur]4 ,! exp5se is ! only objection1 b 9 a small quantity ?is _c be a consid]ation4 8,9 giv+ ?is v r\gh outl9e ( ! g5]al mode ( =m+ salts1 ! m9utiae necess>y = *emical "w h altoge!r be5 avoid$1 & ^? p>ts alone are ent]$ ^u :i* are m imm$iately necess>y = ! electro metallurgi/ to "k & practice = himself4 ,?is w acc\nt = ! long description ( ! cyanuret ( potassium1 :ile ! prep>ation ( ! equally important & ev5 m us$ acids1 ! sulphuric1 muriatic1 etc41 commonly f\nd 9 comm]ce1 are altoge!r neglect$4 8,9 us+ solutions ( cyanide ( potassium1 ! workman %\ld n imm]se 8 arms into !m1 o!rwise x occasionally happ5s t ! solution produces v tr\blesome eruptions ov] ! sk940 ,,hyposulphite ,,( ,,soda4 ,hyposulphite ( ,soda4--,?is salt =ms "o ( ! important *emicals = ! ,dagu]reotype op]ator4 ,its application to ?is art is ( an int]e/+ nature4 ,x is us$ to dissolve ! s5sitive salt ( silv] :i* rema9s un*ang$ dur+ ! exposure 9 ! cam]a4 ,x has ! prop]ty ( readily dissolv+ ! *loride1 bromide & iodide ( silv]4 ,x %\ld be pure & free f sulphuret ( sodium2 %\ld ?is la/ be pres5t1 x w cause br[n spots ( sulphurat$ silv] ^u ! ,dagu]reotype impression4 ,?is annoyance is a great s\rce ( compla9t f _m op]ators1 & ev] w be1 s long z x is prep>$ by m5 :o h no reputation to lose1 & ^: eyes are bl9d$ by ! 8,almighty ,doll>40 ,a good article may be prep>$ z foll[s3 8,mix "o p\nd ( f9ely pulv]iz$ c>bonate ( soda ) t5 ounces ( fl[]s ( sulphur1 & heat ! mixture sl[ly 9 a porcela9 di% till ! sulphur melts4 ,/ir ! fus$ mass1 s z to expose all its p>ts freely to ! atmosph]e1 :]eby x passes f ! /ate ( a sulphuret1 by ! absorption ( atmosph]ic oxyg51 into t ( a sulphite1 ) ! ph5om5on ( v slight inc&esc5ce4 ,dissolve 9 wat]1 filt] ! solution1 & boil x imm$iately along ) fl[]s ( sulphur4 ,! filt]$ conc5trat$ sal9e liquid w af=d1 on cool+1 a l>ge quantity ( pure & beautiful cry/als ( hyposulphite ( soda40 ,hyposulphite ( ,gold4--,?is comp\nd salt is by a few consid]$ pref]able to ! *loride ( gold1 b our exp]i5ce has induc$ u to use ! latt]1 believ+ we are enabl$ to produce a m brilliant & w>m-ton$ impression ) x4 ,:5 ! hyposulphite ( gold is us$ 9 gild+1 x requires less heat & a long] application1 z !re is "s dang] ( produc+ a glossy scum ov] "s p>ts ( ! surface ( ! plate4 ,i prep>e ?is salt z foll[s3 ,dissolve "o "p *loride ( gold & f\r p>ts hyposulphite ( soda 9 equal quantities ( di/ill$ wat]3 p\r ! gold into ! hyposulphite solution1 9 ! same mann] z 9 mix+ ! gild+ solution2 let x /& until x becomes limpid2 filt] & evaporate to dryness4 ,re-dissolve & add a few gra9s ( burnt alum4 ,aft] /&+ a few h\rs1 filt] & evaporate aga94 ,if n suffici5tly pure1 repeat ! cry/allization until x is s4 ,= gild+1 dissolve 9 wat] & use 9 ! same mann] z ! common gild+ solution4 ,n4,b4--,! f\r foll[+ mixtures 7 employ$ 9 ,neipce's process 9 8 e>lie/ exp]im5ts3 ,aque\s ,solution ( ,bi*loride ( ,m]cury4--,eight gra9s ( bi*loride ( m]cury 9 #aj1jjj gra9s ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,solution ( ,cyanide ( ,m]cury4--,a flask ( di/ill$ wat] is saturat$ ) cyanide ( m]cury1 & a c]ta9 quantity is decant$1 :i* is dilut$ ) an equal quantity ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,acidulat$ ,:ite ,oil ( ,petroleum4--,?is oil is acidulat$ by mix+ ) x "o t5? ( pure nitric acid1 leav+ x = at lea/ #dh h\rs1 occasionally agitat+ ! flask4 ,! oil1 :i* is acidulat$1 & :i* !n p[]fully r$d5s litmus pap]1 is decant$4 ,x is also a little color$1 b rema9s v limpid4 ,solution ( ,*loride ( ,gold & ,plat9um4--,9 ord] n to multiply ! solutions1 take ! ord9>y *loride ( gold1 us$ = fix+ ! impressions1 & :i* is compos$ ( #a gramme ( *loride ( gold & #ej gra9s ( hyposulphate ( soda1 to a qu>t ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,) respect to *loride ( plat9um1 #d gra9s mu/ be dissolv$ 9 #c qu>ts ( di/ill$ wat]2 ^! two solutions are mix$ 9 equal quantities4 ,acids4--,i %all n g into ! prep>ations ( ! v>i\s acids employ$ 9 ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,?is w\ld be useless to ! op]ator1 z !re are few1 if any1 t x w\ld be advisable to prep>e4 ,x is only necess>y = ! exp]im5t] to be made acqua9t$ ) _! prop]ties1 & ?is 9 ord] to prev5t any haphaz>d exp]im5ts1 :i* are too common among op]ators4 ,any p]son :o may be desir\s to try an exp]im5t1 %\ld fir/ /udy ! ag5ts he wi%es to employ4 ,by s do+ mu* "t & money w be sav$2 :ile ! se>*] aft] new discov]ies w\ld r>ely become vex$ on acc\nt ( 8 own ignorance1 or be oblig$ to avail himself ( ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs 9 any dep>tm5t ( sci5ce4 ,nitric ,acid--,exi/s 9 comb9ation ) ! bases1 pota%1 soda1 lime1 magnesia1 9 bo? ! m9]al & vegetable k+doms1 & is nev] f\nd insoluble4 ,x has ! same con/itu5ts z common air1 b 9 diff]5t proportions4 ,! /ronge/ nitric acid conta9s 9 e p\nd1 two & a qu>t] ounces ( wat]4 ,pure nitric acid is colorless1 ) a specific gravity ( #a4e1 & boil+ at #bdh deg44 ,x is a mo/ p[]ful oxidiz+ ag5t1 & is decompos$ ) m or less rapidity1 by almo/ all ! metals1 to :i* x yields a portion ( its oxyg54 ,! nitric acid ( comm]ce1 is g5]ally ! article us$ by ! ,dagu]reotypi/4 ,?is usually conta9s "s *lor9e & sulphuric acid4 ,x is obta9$ by ! di/illation ( saltpetre ) sulphuric acid4 ,x is employ$ 9 ! ,dagu]reotype process = dissolv+ silv]1 prep>+ *loride or oxide1 nitrate ( silv]1 ! =m] us$ 9 galvaniz+1 & 9 comb9ation ) muriatic acid = prep>+ *loride ( gold1 us$ 9 gild+4 ,x is also us$ by "s = prep>+ ! plate4 ,acidulat$ ,solution4--,?is solution is us$ = clean+ ! surface ( ! ,dagu]reotype plate4 ,x has ! prop]ty ( s(t5+ ! silv]1 & br++ x to a /ate 9 :i* x is v susceptible ( be+ ei!r oxidiz$ or iodiz$1 h5ce x contributes to increase ! s5sibility ( ! plate4 ,! proportions are to "o drop ( acid add f #ae to #bj drops ( wat]1 or make ! solution ab\t l %>p v9eg> to ! ta/e4 ,nitro-,muriatic ,acid4--,aqua ,regia is a comp\nd m5/ruum inv5t$ by ! al*emi/s = dissolv+ gold4 ,x is compos$ ( colorless nitric acid 7aqua-=tis7 & ord9>y muriatic acid2 ! mixture is yell[1 & acquires ! p[] ( dissolv+ gold & plat9um4 ,^! mat]ials are n prop]ly oxidiz$2 x ne>ly causes _! comb9ation ) *lor9e1 :i* is 9 ! ,muriatic acid4 ,hydro*loric ,acid 7,muriatic ,acid74--,?is acid =ms a valuable addition to ! *emicals employ$ by ! practical ,dagu]reotypi/4 ,?is acid is =m$ by act+ ^u common salt 7:i* is *loride ( sodium7 by conc5trat$ sulphuric acid4 ,! wat] ( ! acid is decompos$1 & its hydrog5 comb9es ) ! *loride ( ! salt to =m muriatic acid1 & ?is unites ) ! sulphuric acid to =m sulphate ( soda2 #fj p>ts ( common salt & #di p>ts ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 af=d1 by ?is mutual action1 #cg p>ts ( muriatic acid & #gb p>ts ( sulphate ( soda4 ,! muriatic acid ( comm]ce has usually a yell[i% t+e1 b :5 *emically pure x is colorless4 ,! =m] is commonly contam9at$ ) sulphur\s acid1 sulphuric acid1 *lor9e1 iron1 & sometimes ) ars5ic4 ,muriatic acid1 f ! fact ( ! pres5ce ( ! *lor9e1 is us$ 9 ! ,dagu]reotype process = dissolv+ gold1 & 9 comb9ation ) v>i\s accel]ators4 ,its pres5ce c be detect$ by ammonia4 ,a /rip ( pap] dipp$ 9 ?is & wav$ to & fro w emit a ?ick :ite smoke if ! acid vapor be 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,! ammonia neutralizes ! acid fumes4 ,by rev]s+ ! exp]im5t we c det]m9e :e!r vapor ( ammonia be 9 ! air1 & also deprive ^! suffocat+ & dang]\s gases ( _! injuri\s prop]ties1 & remove !m f ! air4 ,e ,dagu]reotype op]ator %\ld be furni%$ )1 at lea/1 a six ounce bottle ( aqua ammonia4 ,its op]ation is v ne>ly ! same on brom9e & iod9e vapor4 ,hydr(luoric ,acid 7,fluorohydric ,acid74--,?is acid is us$ to =m "s ( ! mo/ volatile & s5sitive comp\nds employ$ 9 ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s bodies to exp]im5t )3 x is volatile & corrosive1 giv+ (f d5se :ite fumes 9 ! air4 ,x comb9es ) wat] ) great heat4 ,at #cb deg4 x cond5ses into a colorless fluid1 ) a d5sity #a4jfi4 ,x is obta9$ f decomposition ( fluorsp> by /rong sulphuric acid4 ,x readily dissolves ! silica 9 glass1 & consequ5tly _c be kept 9 a vessel ( t mat]ial4 ,x is prep>$ & kept 9 lead4 ,x is employ$ 9 accel]ators on acc\nt ( its fluor9e4 ,"o small drop on ! tongue ( a dog causes dea?4 ,! op]ator :o wi%es to use x %\ld p\r "s ( ! liquid = :i* he int5ds x into a graduate1 or o!r vessel1 & !n add ! desir$ quantity ( acid4 ,if by accid5t any ( ! spray %\ld fall ^u ! sk91 x %\ld at once be copi\sly dr5*$ ) wat]4 ,sulphuric ,acid4--,!re are two sorts ( ?is acid3 "o is an oily1 fum+ liquid2 ?is is made 9 ,nordhaus51 9 ,saxony1 & is commonly call$ 8,nordhaus5 sulphuric acid10 or oil ( vitriol4 ,! o!r :i* is ! k9d us$ 9 connection ) ! ,dagu]reotype1 is common sulphuric acid4 ,x is some:at ?9n]1 & :5 undilut$ is n fum+4 ,?is acid may be obta9$ 9 a solid & dry /ate1 call$ anhydr\s sulphuric acid4 ,! common sulphuric acid is made by burn+ sulphur1 :i* =ms sulphur\s acid4 ,to conv]t ?is into sulphuric acid & ga9 m oxyg51 nitric acid1 :i* is ri* 9 t body1 is add$4 ,x =ms a limpid1 colorless fluid1 ( a specific gravity ( #a4h4 ,x boils at #fbj deg42 x freezes at #ae deg4 ,x is acrid & cau/ic1 & int5sely acid 9 all its *>act]s1 ev5 :5 l>gely dilut$4 ,its attraction = basis is su* t x sep>ates or expels all o!r acids1 m or less p]fectly1 f _! comb9ations4 ,its aff9ity = wat] is su* t x rapidly absorbs x f ! atmosph]e1 & :5 mix$ ) wat] mu* heat is evolv$4 ,x acts en]getically ^u animal & vegetable sub/ances1 & is a poison\s1 dang]\s sub/ance to get on ! sk94 ,x is a p[]ful oxidiz+ ag5t2 h5ce its use 9 ! galvanic batt]y1 = :i* purpose x is mo/ly us$ by ! ,dagu]reotypi/4 ,! fumes ( ?is be+ s mu* m (f5sive ?an nitric acid1 ! latt] is sometimes us$4 ,x is also employ$ 9 "s ( ! m s5sitive accel]ators4 ,,accel]at+ ,,sub/ances4 ,rem>ks on ! ,accel]at+ sub/ances ,us$ 9 ! ,dagu]reotype4--,i h n[ arriv$ at a po9t 9 ?is "w1 :]e ! eye ( ! ,dagu]reotype public w int5tly se>* = some?+ new4 ,?is se>* w prove 9 va91 at lea/ s f> z reg>ds ^? :o h enjoy$ & embrac$ ! opportunities = /udy+ ! pr9ciples ( our art4 ,e exp]i5c$ op]ator has 9 a degree become famili> ) ! me*anical uses ( all ! ag5ts employ$1 :ile ,i fe> b few und]/& ! prop]ties1 & laws gov]n+ ^? prop]ties1 :i* are s indisp5sable to produce an image impress$ ^u ! silv] surface4 ,!re are ?ree sub/ances :i* =m ! bases = produc+ a ,dagu]reotype2 silv]1 iod9e & brom9e4 ,ea* =ms a sep>ate body :i* is indisp5sable to ! op]ators success z ! art is n[ practic$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,) ^! ?ree1 comp\nds ( great v>iety are =m$4 ,! silv] surface is fir/ ?or\ghly clean$ & fre$ f all organic matt]1 !n expos$ to vapor ( iod9e1 produc+ an iodide ( silv]4 ,! plate ^u :i* is ?is salt1 is aga9 expos$ to ! vapor ( brom9e1 =m+ a bromo-iodide ( silv]1 a salt also4 ,z mo/ ( ! v>i\s accel]ators are comp\nds ( brom9e1 ) ei!r *lor9e or fluor9e comb9ation1 !y p>take some:at ( ! nature ( ^! latt]1 giv+ results :i* c be detect$ by ! exp]i5c$ op]ator4 ,?us muriatic acid is add$ = its *lor9e1 :i* c g5]ally be detect$ by ! impression produc$1 be+ ( a light1 s(t1 mell[ tone1 & 9 mo/ cases pres5t+ a brilliant black to t color$ drap]y4 ,^? :o wi% to exp]im5t ) ag5ts = accel]at+ sub/ances1 %\ld fir/ /udy to well und]/& _! peculi> nature & prop]ties2 z well1 also1 to endeavor to f9d out :at w be ! probable *anges !y und]go 9 comb9ation z an accel]ator4 ,?is %\ld be done be=e mak+ ! exp]im5ts4 ,f ! =ego+ x w be se5 t num]\s comp\nds are =m$ f ! same basis1 &1 consequ5tly1 x w\ld be a wa/e ( "t & a useless appropriation to devote m ( our space ?an is necess>y to give ! pr9cipal & mo/ reliable comb9ation4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ! words 8,quick0 & 8,quick ,/uff10 are m g5]ally us$ = & in/ead ( ! m prop] names1 8,s5sitives10 or 8,accel]ators10 etc4 ,z x has by use become common1 ,i frequ5tly use x 9 ?is "w4 ,liquid ,accel]ator1 ,no4 #a4--,?is mixture 0 us$ by me 9 #ahdi1 & is giv5 z x appe>$ 9 my 8,sy/em ( ,photography10 publi%$ at ! above date3 ,take pure ra9 or di/ill$ wat]1 "o qu>t1 filt] ?r\gh pap] into a gr\nd /opp] bottle1 & add1 = w>m wea!r1 "o & a half ounce *loride ( iod9e2 or = cold1 "o ounce2 !n add "o ounce brom9e1 & %ake well4 ,n[ ) c>e n to all[ ! vapor to escape1 add drop by drop1 ?irty drops ( aqua ammonia1 %ak+ well at ea* drop4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to add m at a "t1 z x evokes too mu* heat4 ,?is mix$1 9 equal proportions ) ,john ,roa*'s quick1 =ms an excell5t *emical comb9ation4 ,= ?is purpose1 take "o & a half ounce ( ea*1 to :i* add t5 ounces wat]1 = w>m wea!r1 or f six to sev5 = cold4 ,p\r ! :ole into a l>ge box1 & x w "w f two to f\r mon?s4 ,i am n[ us+ 7#ahdi7 "o *>g$ z above :i* has be5 9 con/ant use = ?ree mon?s1 & works uni=mly well4 ,! above is "r = half or full size boxes1 b half ( x w\ld be suffici5t = a qu>t] size box4 ,coat to ! fir/ %ade ( rose ov] iod9e1 *ange to a deep rosy r$ ov] quick1 & black ab\t "o t5? ! fir/4 ,i w\ld n n[ recomm5d ! addition ( 8,john ,roa*'s quick10 z ,i believe equally good results c be produc$ )\t x4 ,?is liquid is n[ us$ by _m1 & is v good = tak+ views4 ,lime ,wat] ,quick4--,?is mixture is m us$ at pres5t ?an all ! o!r liquids ev] introduc$4 ,x produc$ ! mo/ uni=m results1 giv+ ! f9e s(t tone s *>act]i/ic 9 pictures produces f accel]ators conta9+ *lor9e4 ,to "o qu>t ( lime wat] 7?is c be _h ( any druggi/7 add "o & a half ounce ( pulv]iz$ alum4 ,?is %\ld be %ook at int]vals = tw5ty--f\r h\rs2 !n add "o ounce ( *loride ( iod9e & ?ree f\r?s ounce ( brom9e4 ,lime ,wat]4--,?is is easily prep>$ by putt+ lime into wat]1 say a piece ( quick-lime ab\t ! size ( an egg into "o qu>t ( wat]4 ,?is %\ld be %ook occasionally = two or ?ree days & all[$ to settle1 :5 ! wat] c be p\r$ (f & us$4 ,use4--,to "o "p ( quick add six p>ts ( wat]2 coat to a light yell[ ov] ! iod9e1 to a rose color ov] ! quick1 & recoat ab\t "o t5?4 ,! above coat+ may be increas$ or dim9i%$1 x matt]s n1 s t !re is n too mu*1 & ! prop] proportions are pres]v$4 ,"s add to ! above a small quantity ( magnesia1 say ab\t a teaspoonful to ! qu>t ( liquid4 ,liquid ,accel]ator1 ,no4 #b4--,! foll[+ 0 = a long "t us$ by "o ( ! fir/ h\ses 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & probably 0 "o ( ! fir/ liquids ev] us$4 ,x produces a f9e-ton$ picture1 b is n consid]$ z sure z ! lime wat] quick3 ,take ra9 wat] "o qu>t1 add pulv]iz$ alum until x is a little s\r to ! ta/e1 & a small piece1 say "o half in* squ>e1 ( magnesia4 ,filt] ?r\gh pap]1 & add *loride ( iod9e "o half ounce1 brom9e suffici5t to take x up1 :i* is a little less ?an half an ounce4 ,*>ge ) "o ( quick to six ( wat]2 coat ov] iod9e to a s(t yell[1 ne>ly1 b n q1 bord]+ on a rose2 ov] quick to a d>k purple1 or /eel1 & back "o six? to "o t5?4 ,wolcott's ,am]ican ,mixture4--,van ,loan ,quick4--,?is mixture 0 fir/ =m$ & us$ by ,t4 ,wolcott ,johnson & ga9$ great celebrity = its productions4 ,i h n[ a bottle h]metically seal$ t conta9s ab\t a half ounce ( ?is mixture prep>$ 9 #ahda by ,john ,johnson1 n[ a resid5t ( ?is city1 & ! =m] p>tn] ( ,mr4 ,wolcott4 ,! prep>ation ( ?is mixture1 z furni%$ by ,mr4 ,johnson himself1 is giv5 z foll[s3 8,"o "p ( brom9e1 eight p>ts ( nitric acid1 sixte5 p>ts ( muriatic acid1 wat] "o hundr$ p>ts4 ,?is mixture %\ld be all[$ to /& = sev]al days2 x improves by age4 8,use4--,a few drops say1 #f to #ab1 ( ?is mixture1 %\ld be put into ab\t #f or #h ounces ( wat]2 x w require frequ5t repl5i%+ by ! addition ( a few m drops4 ,! plate %\ld be coat$ ov] ! dry iod9e to a r$ j bord]+ on a slate1 & !n expos$ to ! mixture only suffici5tly long to *ange ! color4 ,if ?is is n done 9 less ?an six seconds x is n /rong en\gh4 ,re-coat ov] ! iod9e full "o f\r? z long z fir/ coat+40 ,?is exce$+ly volatile comp\nd is difficult to control f its in/ability2 x is b little us$4 ,! impressions successfully produc$ by ?is mixture are v brilliant1 & possess a pleas+ peculi>ity4 ,,dry ,,s5sitives4 ,hydrate ( ,lime4--,! op]ation by :i* wat] is comb9$ ) lime is call$ slak+4 ,take a piece ( quick lime1 common lime us$ 9 mort>1 & imm]se x 9 w>m wat] = ab\t fifte5 seconds2 !n place x 9 an iron or t9 vessel4 ,x w soon beg9 to swell1 evolv+ a great deal ( heat & emitt+ /eam1 & soon falls into a f9e p[d]1 hydrate ( lime4 ,?is %\ld be well /irr$ & all[$ to cool1 & !n bottl$ 9 ord] to prev5t x f giv+ (f ! hydrate & recov]+ ! c>bonic acid f ! atmosph]e4 ,! la/ is detrim5tal to its use ) brom9e1 & is "o cause ( ! compla9t t 8x w n take brom9e40 ,! hydrate ( lime %\ld1 n be dri$ ov] a heat1 z has be5 suppos$ by _m1 = 9 t case ! hydrog5 is expell$ & x returns to a c>bonate4 ,x is advisable to cool x 9 a damp place l a gr\nd cell>4 ,mu* ( ! lime 9 our m>ket w n1 except x be q damp1 comb9e ) ! brom9e4 ,?is is ow+ to impurities4 ,no?+ is equal to oy/]-%ell lime1 :i* ,i use altoge!r4 ,bromide ( ,lime4--,9 prep>+ l>ge quantities ( ?is1 we adopt ! foll[+ me?od3 ,fill a f\r-qu>t bottle ab\t two-?irds full ( hydrate ( lime2 p\r into ?is ab\t "o or two ounces ( brom9e2 !n %ake well1 add m ( ! brom9e1 %ake well & let x /& = a few h\rs1 add+ suffici5t brom9e to give x a f9e r$ color4 ,x is bett] :5 kept 9 ! l>ge bottles1 z x =ms a m p]fect comb9ation3 9 o!r words x improves by age4 ,use4--,coat ov] ! iod9e to a rose r$ & !n ov] ?is mixture to a purple or slate2 recoat ov] ! fir/ ab\t "o f\r? z long z fir/ coat+4 ,gurneys ,am]ican ,comp\nd4--,( ?is comp\nd !re are two comb9ations1 "o = use1 :5 ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e is above #fe or #gj deg41 & ! o!r at a l[] temp]ature4 ,! fir/ is call$ ,no4 #a1 ! second ,no4 #b4 ,no4 #a is prep>$ by plac+ hydrate ( lime 9 a bottle1 say to ?ree qu>ts ( ! hydrate ( lime1 add "o ounce ( pulv]iz$ burnt alum1 & z mu* *loride ( lime z c be put on a qu>t] ( a doll>1 & f #ae to #cj gra9s ( dry pulv]iz$ iod9e1 or en\gh to *ange ! color ( ! hydrate ( lime1 to ! slighte/ possible t+e ( yell[4 ,!re _h bett] be less ?an c>ry ! color to a deep] %ade4 ,! object ( us+ ! iod9e is to =m a comp\nd ) brom9e t is n s volatile z ! brom9e itself4 ,no matt] h[ little iod9e is comb9$ ) ! brom9e1 ! vapors possess _! relative proportion2 h5ce1 only en\gh iod9e to prev5t 8fl>+10 or z x is (t5 t]m$ a 8scum-coat+10 is us$4 ,! iod9e %\ld be ?or\ghly comb9$ ) ! lime1 :i* w take ab\t "o or two days4 ,%\ld add brom9e ! same z 9 bromide ( lime1 until ! comp\nd assumes a light r$ color4 ,no4 #b is prep>$ 9 ! same mann] z ,no4 #a1 except ! addition ( ! iod9e1 :i* is omitt$4 ,use4--,no4 #a4 ,coat ov] ! iod9e to a bright yell[ color1 !n ov] ! comp\nd1 ,no4 #a1 to r$ color1 recoat ov] iod9e1 ab\t "o six? z long1 z ! "t occupi$ 9 fir/ coat+4 ,no4 #b4 ,coat ov] iod9e same z above1 except recoat ov] ! iod9e ab\t "o f\r? to "o half z long z fir/ coat+4 ,dry ,quick1 ,no4 #a4--;,bromide ( ,lime & ,/>*4--,! foll[+ comp\nd =ms an excell5t accel]ator1 & is us$ by _m4 ,x is claim$ = ?is prep>ation1 t x w hold ! brom9e long] ?an o!rs :]e />* is n employ$4 ,z reg>ds ?is claim we d n ?9k x c be sub/antiat$4 ,our exp]i5ce 9 practice has l$ u to ! conclusion t !re is no great diff]5ce z respects durability1 b !re is "s little diff]5ce z reg>ds ! tone ( ! impressions produc$ by its use4 ,to "o qu>t ( hydrate ( lime add "o qu>t ( f9ely pulv]iz$ />*4 ,to ?is mixture add brom9e1 until x assumes a deep yell[ or p9k color4 ,/>* may be add$ to any ( ! dry mixtures4 ,use4--,coat ov] ! iod9e to a deep yell[1 !n ov] ?is quick to a r$ color1 recoat ab\t "o six? ( ! "t ( fir/ coat+4 ,i w "h aga9 rem>k1 t ! exact color ( ! coat+ is n ess5tially provid$ a prop] proportion is pres]v$4 ,i h nev] se5 x /at$1 ?\gh x be a fact wor?y ( note1 t a proportionate "t = coat+ ov] ! iod9e & accel]ator1 w n answ]4 ,= example3 if a plate expos$ to ! vapor ( iod9e be p]fectly coat$ 9 sixte5 seconds1 & !n expos$ to an accel]ator1 7n hav+ iod9e 9 its comb9ation7 receives its coat+ 9 f\r seconds1 x w be f\nd t a prop] proportionate coat+ _c be pres]v$ by adopt+1 a proportion ( "t1 b on ! contr>y1 ! "t w dim9i%2 = exposure ov] ! accel]ator1 z 9 ! above example1 if x be desir$ to coat ! plate ) twice z mu* iod9e z 9 ! above example1 ! "t w\ld be1 ov] iod9e ?irty-two seconds1 & ov] ! accel]ator 7to possess a prop] proportion7 f six to sev5 seconds4 ,h5ce x is t _m inexp]i5c$ op]ators1 :5 wi%+ to v>y _! usual mann] ( coat+1 fail 9 produc+ a favorable result4 ,!y coat calculat+ a proportion ( "t :5 !y %\ld n4 ,dry ,quick1 ,no4 #b4--;,bromide ( ,lime & ,magnesia4--,to "o qu>t ( hydrate ( lime add "o qu>t ( magnesia1 & mix !m well toge!r2 add brom9e same z 9 prep>+ bromide ( lime2 coat ! same z ov] dry quick ,no4 #a4 ,?is comb9ation produces v uni=m results1 & is work$ ) mu* success by beg9n]s4 ,*loro-,bromide ( ,lime4--,to ! bromide ( lime add *loride ( brom9e until ! mixture becomes a pale yell[ color1 resembl+ sulphur4 ,x %\ld be %ook well1 & en\gh ( ! *loride ( brom9e add$ to br+ ! comp\nd to a deep blood r$ color4 ,use4--,coat ov] ! iod9e to a p9k color1 & !n ov] ! above to a r$1 or j *ang+ ! color4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t accel]ators conta9+ *lor9e d n admit ( a great *ange ( color ( coat+ on ! plate4 ,iodide ( ,/>*4--,?is mixture c be employ$ = coat+ ov] 9 w>m wea!r1 & prev5t ! fla%+ result+ at high temp]atures4 ,x may be us$ ! same z ! iodide alone4 ,to six ounces ( f9ely pulv]iz$ />*1 add "o f\r? ounce ( dry iod9e4 ,use4--,same z ! dry iod9e alone4 ,! same comb9ation may be made ) lime1 magnesia & o!r sub/ances4 ,conc5trat$ ,solution ( ,iod9e = ,fir/ ,coat+4--,x may appe> /range to "s ( our old op]ators t an aque\s solution ( iod9e c be us$ = coat+ ! plate & =m+ ! iodide ( silv]4 ,x has long be5 a cry among mo/ op]ators t x is impossible to succe$ :5 ! iod9e box conta9s dampness4 ,n[ ?is is a great mi/ake1 & we w "h /ate t 9 all cases :]e dampness appe>s ^u a prop]ly prep>$ ,dagu]reotype plate1 x is ! result ( a diff]5t temp]ature ( ! metal f ! air :i* surr\nds x4 ,mr4 ,s5t]1 ( ,auburn1 0 ! fir/ ( our op]ators :o us$ a solution ( iod9e = coat+ ! plate1 & we sev]al ye>s s9ce saw 8 results1 :i* w\ld rival ! production ( any o!r op]ator4 ,a conc5trat$ solution ( iod9e is prep>$ by putt+ into a common bottle two ?imblesful ( hyposulphite ( soda & a r l>g] quantity ( iod9e1 s t !re may be m ?an suffici5t4 ,add to x ab\t #dj ounces ( common wat] 7heat$ to #fj or #gj degrees71 by little & little1 mov+1 ! bottle to w>m x1 = fe> ( break+4 ,aft] %ak+ x a %ort "t1 ! wat] is rapidly & /rongly color$4 ,! solution %\ld be p\r$ into a bottle ) a gr\nd /opp]1 & :5 cool us$ = iodiz+4 ,a solution ( suffici5t /r5g? c be made by moi/5+ or j cov]+ ! iod9e ) wat]4 ,*loride ( ,iod9e z an ,accel]ator4--,?is is probably "o ( ! be/ accel]ators t c be us$ = coat+ ! plate = tak+ views2 x works too sl[1 h[ev]1 to meet ! wants ( ! op]at+ room1 yet its use 0 =m]ly1 = a long "t1 adh]$ to by "s ( our be/ pr(essors4 ,9 produc+ views ) ?is1 we are successful 9 obta9+ well-develop$ impressions1 ) a dep? ( tone & ri*ness ( appe>ance n to be met ) 9 ! productions ( any o!r sub/ances4 ,i give its use z furni%$ me by an old & exp]i5c$ op]ator1 & publi%$ 9 ,humphrey's ,j\rnal1 vol4 i4 p4 #ahj3 8,z ! process ( us+ *loride ( iod9e may be ( int]e/ to "s ( our subscrib]s1 ,i take pleasure 9 giv+ ! foll[+ manipulation4 ,to "o ounce ( *loride ( iod9e add two ounces ( wat]2 place ?is mixture 9 a coat+-box1 ! same z quick /uff2 coat ! plate ) dry iod9e to a light yell[1 or lemon color2 !n br+ ! coat+ to a deep p9k ov] ! *loride4 ,! plate mu/ be recoat$ ov] ! dry iod9e40 ,?is comb9ation has be5 v successfully us$ 9 "o ( our mo/ ext5sive e/abli%m5ts 9 ?is city1 & ! sup]iority ( ! pictures produc$ by x 0 consid]$ z an equival5t = ! additional "t requir$ to br+ out ! impressions4 ,*lor9e z an ,accel]ator4--,i %all "h ref] to b a s+le exp]im5t 9 :i* ,i employ$ *lor9e gas = coat+ ! plate4 ,i 0 provid$ ) a retort1 ! neck ( :i* 0 fitt$ to ! j> ( my coat+-box1 ?r\gh a hole drill$ = its reception4 ,?is 0 fitt$ p]fectly tight 9 my coat+-box4 ,i plac$ "s pure undilut$ brom9e wat] & ! ag5ts necess>y = produc+ *lor9e gas 79 small quantity7 9 ! retort4 ,! result 0 t my fir/ exp]im5t produc$ an impression completely sol>iz$ 9 all its p>ts by an exposure ( f\r seconds ( "t1 :i* w\ld h requir$ an exposure ( tw5ty seconds to produce a p]fectly develop$ impression by ! usual process4 ,ano!r trial imm$iately produc$ "o ( ! f9e/ ton$ impressions ,i ev] saw1 p]fectly develop$ 9 "o second ( "t4 ,my next two or ?ree exp]im5ts prov$ total failures4 ,i 0 unable to produce ev5 a sign ( an impression4 ,by accid5t my retort 0 brok51 & n be+ 9 a locality conv5i5t to obta9 ano!r1 my exp]im5ts 7 necess>ily susp5d$4 ,my att5tion 0 n call$ to ?is subject aga9 = sev]al ye>s1 :5 ,i notic$ an acc\nt ( "s simil> exp]im5ts by ,f4 ,a4 ,p4 ,b>n>d & ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,h>r+ton1 ! latt] ( :om is n[ ( ! firm ( ,dobyns ,h>r+ton1 ( ,new ,orleans4 ,f read+ ?is article1 ,i f\nd my own difficulties expla9$4 ,too mu* ( ! *lor9e gas 0 pres5t 9 my coat+ j>4 ,i w\ld l to see "s ( our ent]pris+ op]ators inve/igate ?is comb9ation4 ,x is a s+ul> fact1 t ! vapors ( brom9e & *lor9e comb9+ ^u ! iodide ( silv]1 produce a m s5sitive coat+ ?an :5 ! two are comb9$ 9 solution1 z 9 *loride ( brom9e solution4 ,^? hav+ ,humphrey's ,j\rnal at h&1 c ref] to vol4 i4 p4 #adb4 ,to use ,brom9e ,wat] or o!r ,accel]ators 9 ,hot ,wea!r4--,an excell5t plan = us+ brom9e wat] is z foll[s3 ,fill a two-ounce bottle qu>t] full ( x1 & !n fill ! bottle ) f9e s&1 :i* s]ves to pres]ve a l[ temp]ature2 !n place ! bottle 9 a por\s cup1 same z us$ 9 ! batt]y2 fill ?is also ) s&1 & close ! end ) pla/] ( ,p>is4 ,place ?is 9 a coat+-box1 & x w be f\nd to act ) great uni=mity & be q p]man5t4 ,bromide ( ,lime1 ano!r accel]ator1 c be us$ 9 ! same mann]1 except x is1 only necess>y1 :5 a solid s5sitive is us$1 to mix x ) ! s& )\t plac+ x 9 a bottle4 ,?is me?od is employ$ ) great success by a few1 :o h reg>d$ x z a secret wor? keep+4 ,a ,comb9ation1 requir+ ! ,use ( only ,"o ,coat+-box4--,x is (t5 wond]$ by beg9n]s1 :y "s solution requir+ only "o coat+ _c be employ$4 ,?is c be done1 b ! results are n s satisfactory z :5 two or m are employ$4 ,su* an accel]ator may be produc$ by add+ alcoholic solution ( iod9e to a solution ( *lorate ( pota%1 until ! latt] w take up no m ( ! =m]1 & to ea* ounce1 by measure ( ?is solution1 t5 drops ( a saturat$ solution ( bromide 9 wat] are add$4 ,! solution ( *lorate ( pota% is made by dilut+1 "o "p ( a saturat$ solution ( ! salt ) t5 p>ts ( wat]4 ,! use ( ! *lorate is simply z a solv5t ( iod9e4 ,fats z ,accel]ators4--,! use ( fats1 oils1 or greasy sub/ances1 has be5 "o ( ! mo/ emphatic prohibitions ab\t ! ,dagu]reotype plate4 ,yet x has be5 prov$ t its pres5ce 9 a small quantity ^u ! silv] surface has ! effect ( r$uc+ ! "t ( exposure 9 ! cam]a f two-?irds to ?ree-f\r?s4 ,an application may be made z foll[s3 ,p\r sweet oil1 or rub beef or mutton fat1 on a common buff1 :i* is free f all poli%+ p[d]s4 ,) ?is1 buff a well-clean$ plate1 & x w leave a scum1 :i* %\ld be mo/ly remov$ by us+ ano!r buff1 :i* %\ld be clean4 ,coat ! plate 9 ! usual mann]1 & ! result w be a great r$uction 9 ! "t ( exposure 9 ! cam]a4 ,! impression produc$ ^u a plate s prep>$ pres5ts1 :5 com+ f ! vapor ( m]cury1 a grey1 scummy appe>ance1 :i*1 on ! application ( heat 9 gild+1 does n improve2 h5ce its use is n g5]ally adopt$4 ,we h in/itut$ "s inve/igations ^u ?is subject1 & 9 ! pres5t volume1 we %all n ref] to x fur!r4 ,^? wi%+ to le>n m fully ! effect ( light ^u organic sub/ances w f9d ,rob]t ,hunt's 8,rese>*es on ,light0 an invaluable "w4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,light ,,& ,,optics4 ,light--,optics--,sol> ,spectrum--,decomposition ( ,light--,light1 ,heat1 & ,act9ism--,blue ,pap] & ,color = ! ,walls ( ! ,op]at+ ,room--,proportions ( ,light1 ,heat1 & ,act9ism compos+ a ,sunbeam--,refraction--,reflection--,l5s es--,copy+ ,sph]ical ,ab]ration--,*romatic ,ab]ration4 ,x is advisable t p]sons engag+ 9 ! ,dagu]reotype art %\ld h at lea/ a little k ( ! g5]al pr9ciples ( light & optics4 ,x is n ! au?or's design "h to give a full treatise on ^! subjects1 b he only briefly ref]s to ! matt]1 giv+ a few facts4 ,x has be5 well obs]v$ by an able writ]1 t x is impossible to trace ! pa? ( a sunbeam ?r\gh our atmosph]e )\t feel+ a desire to "k its nature1 by :at p[] x trav]ses ! imm5sity ( space1 & ! v>i\s modifications x und]goes at ! surfaces & int]ior ( t]re/rial sub/ances4 ,light is :ite & colorless1 z long z x does n come 9 contact ) matt]4 ,:5 9 apposition ) any body1 x suff]s v>iable degrees ( decomposition1 result+ 9 color1 z by reflection1 disp]sion1 refraction1 & unequal absorption4 ,to ,sir ,i4 ,newton ! _w is indebt$ = prov+ ! comp\nd nature ( a ray ( :ite light emitt$ f ! sun4 ,! object ( ?is "w is n to engage 9 an ext5d$ !ory ^u ! subject ( light1 b to recur only to "s po9ts ( m p>ticul> int]e/ to ! photographic op]ator4 ,! decomposition ( a beam ( light c be notic$ by expos+ x to a prism4 ,if1 9 a d>k room1 a beam ( light be admitt$ ?r\gh a small hole 9 a %utt]1 x w =m a :ite r\nd spot ^u ! place :]e x falls4 ,if a triangul> prism ( glass be plac$ on ! inside ( ! d>k room1 s t ! beam ( light falls ^u x1 x no long] has ! same direction1 nor does x =m a r\nd spot1 b an oblong pa9t$ image ( sev5 colors--r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 indigo1 & violet4 ,?is is call$ ! sol> spectrum1 & w be readily und]/ood by ref]5ce to ! accompany+ diagram1 ,fig4 #a4 #acc ,to ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) ! !ory ( light 7& = _! b5efit ?is *apt] is giv571 x may be a matt] ( wond] h[ a beam ( light c be divid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a ,?is c be und]/ood :5 ,i say1 t :ite light is a bundle ( color$ rays unit$ toge!r1 & :5 s incorporat$1 !y are colorless2 b 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! prism ! bond ( union is sev]$1 & ! color$ rays come out s+ly & sep>ately1 because ea* ray has a c]ta9 am\nt ( refract+ 7b5d+7 p[]1 peculi> to itself4 ,^! rays always hold ! same relation to ea* o!r1 z may be se5 by comp>+ e spectrum or ra9b[2 !re is nev] any confusion or misplacem5t4 ,!re are v>i\s o!r means ( decompos+ #acd :ite light besides ! prism1 ( :i* "o ( ! pr9cipal & mo/ int]e/+ to ! ,dagu]reotypi/ is by reflection f color$ bodies4 ,if a beam ( :ite light falls ^u a :ite surface1 x is reflect$ )\t *ange2 b if x falls ^u a r$ surface1 only ! r$ ray is reflect$3 s also ) yell[ & o!r colors4 ,! ray :i* is reflect$ corresponds ) ! color ( ! object4 ,x is ?is reflect$ decompos$ light :i* prev5ts ! beautifully-color$ image we see ^u ! gr\nd glass 9 our cam]as4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,a sunbeam may be capable ( ?ree divisions--,,light1 ,,heat1 & ,,act9ism2 ! la/ causes all ! *emical *anges1 & is ! act+ p[] ^u surfaces prep>$ to receive ! photographic image4 ,! accompany+ illu/ration1 ,fig4 #b1 w readily br+ to ! m9d ( ! read] ! relation ( ^! "o to ano!r1 & _! int5sities 9 ! diff]5t p>ts ( a decompos$ sunbeam4 ,! v>i\s po9ts ( ! sol> spectrum are repres5t$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y occur betwe5 ,a1 & ,b1 ?is exhibits ! limits ( ! ,newtonian spectrum1 correspond+ ) ,fig4 #a4 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el & ,seebeck h %[n t !re exi/s1 beyond ! violet1 a fa9t violet light1 or r a lav5d] to b1 to :i* gradually becomes colorless2 simil>ly1 r$ light exi/s beyond ! assign$ limits ( ! r$ ray to a4 ,! greate/ am\nt ( act9ic p[] is %[n at ,e opposite ! violet2 h5ce ?is color 8ex]ts0 ! greate/ am\nt ( influ5ce 9 ! =mation ( ! photographic image4 7,blue pap] & blue color h be5 some:at ext5sively us$ by our ,dagu]reotype op]ators 9 _! op]at+ rooms & skylights1 9 ord] to facilitate ! op]ation 9 ! cam]a4 ,i fancy1 h[ev]1 t ?is plan _c be productive ( z mu* good z ?\ght by "s1 f ! fact1 t ! light fall+ ^u ! subject1 & !n reflect$ into ! cam]a1 is1 com+ ?r\gh colorless glass1 n affect$ by su* rays z may be reflect$ f ! walls ( ! op]at+ room2 & ev5 if x 7 s1 ,i conceive t x w\ld be injuri\s1 by de/roy+ ! h>mony ( %ad[s :i* might o!rwise occur47 ,! greate/ am\nt ( :ite light is at ,c2 ! yell[ conta9s less ( ! *emical p[] ?an any o!r portion ( ! sol> spectrum4 ,x has be5 f\nd t ! mo/ int5se heat is at ! extreme r$1 b4 ,artificial lights diff] 9 _! color2 ! :ite light ( burn+ *>coal1 :i* is ! pr9cipal light f c&les1 oil & gas1 conta9s ?ree rays--r$1 yell[1 & blue4 ,! dazzl+ light emitt$ f lime int5sely heat$1 kn[n z ! ,drummond light1 gives ! colors ( ! prism almo/ z bright z ! sol> spectrum4 ,if we expose a prep>$ ,dagu]reotype plate or s5sitive pap] to ! sol> spectrum1 x w be obs]v$ t ! lum9\s p[] 7! yell[7 occupies b a small space comp>$ ) ! influ5ce ( heat & *emical p[]4 ,r4 ,hunt1 9 8 ,rese>*es on ,light1 has pres5t$ ! foll[+ rem>ks ^u ! accompany+ illu/ration3 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c 8,if ! l9e> measure1 or ! diamet] ( a circle :i* %all include ! lum9\s rays1 is #be1 t ( ! calorific spectrum w be #db4aj1 & ( ! *emical spectrum #ee4aj4 ,su* a s]ies ( circles may well be us$ to repres5t a beam f ! sun1 :i* may be reg>d$ z an atom ( ,light1 surr\nd$ ) an invisible atmosph]e ( ,heat1 & ano!r /ill m ext5d$1 :i* possesses ! rem>kable prop]ty ( produc+ *emical & molecul> *ange4 ,a ray ( light1 9 pass+ obliquely ?r\gh any m$ium ( uni=m d5sity1 does n *ange its c\rse2 b if x %\ld pass into a d5s] body1 x w\ld turn f a /raight l9e1 pursue a less oblique direction1 & 9 a l9e ne>] to a p]p5dicul> to ! surface ( t body4 ,wat] ex]ts a /rong] refract+ p[] ?an air2 & if a ray ( light fall ^u a body ( ?is fluid its c\rse is *ang$1 z may be se5 by ref]5ce to ,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d ,x is obs]v$ t x proce$s 9 a less oblique direction 7t[>ds ! dott$ l9e71 &1 on pass+ on ?r\gh1 leaves ! liquid1 proce$+ 9 a l9e p>allel to t at :i* x ent]$4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t at ! surface ( bodies ! refractive p[] is ex]t$1 & t ! light proce$s 9 a /raight l9e until leav+ ! body4 ,! refraction is m or less1 & 9 all cases 9 proportion z ! rays fall m or less obliquely on ! refract+ surface4 ,x is ?is law ( optics :i* has giv5 rise to ! l5ses 9 our cam]a tubes1 by :i* means we are enabl$ to secure a well-del9eat$ repres5tation ( any object we *oose to picture4 ,:5 a ray ( light passes f "o m$ium to ano!r1 & ?r\gh t into ! fir/ aga91 if ! two refractions be equal1 & 9 opposite directions1 no s5sible effect w be produc$4 ,! read] may readily compreh5d ! ph5om5a ( refraction1 by means ( light pass+ ?r\gh l5ses ( diff]5t curves1 by ref]5ce to ! foll[+ diagrams3-- ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e1 #f1 #g ,fig #e repres5ts a d\ble-convex l5s1 ,fig4 #f a d\ble-concave1 & ,fig4 #g a concavo-convex or m5iscus4 ,by ^! x is se5 t a d\ble-convex l5s t5ds to cond5se ! rays ( light to a focus1 a d\ble-concave to scatt] !m1 & a concavo-convex comb9es bo? p[]s4 ,if p>allel rays ( light fall ^u a d\ble-convex l5s1 ,d ,d1 ,fig4 #h1 !y w be refract$ 7except+ su* z pass directly ?r\gh ! c5tre7 to a po9t t]m$ ! pr9cipal focus4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h ,! l9es ,a ,b ,c repres5t p>allel rays :i* pass ?r\gh ! l5s1 ,d ,d1 & meet at ,f2 ?is po9t be+ ! pr9cipal focus1 its di/ance f ! l5s is call$ ! focal l5g?4 ,^? rays ( light :i* are trav]s+ a p>allel c\rse1 :5 !y ent] ! l5s are br\ght to a focus ne>] ! l5s ?an o!rs4 ,h5ce ! difficulty ! op]ator sometimes exp]i5ces by n be+ able to 8obta9 a focus10 :5 he wi%es to secure a picture ( "s v di/ant objects2 he does n get 8 gr\nd glass ne> en\gh to ! l5ses4 ,aga91 ! rays f an object ne> by may be t]m$ div]g+ rays4 ,?is w be bett] compreh5d$ by ref]5ce to ,fig4 #i1 :]e x w be se5 t ! dott$ l9es1 repres5t+ p>allel rays1 meet ne>] ! l5ses ?an ^? f ! po9t ,a4 ,! clos] ! object is to ! l5ses1 ! great] w be ! div]g5ce4 ,?is rule is applicable to copy+4 ,did we wi% to copy a #a_/f size ,dagu]reotype on a #a_/af size plate1 we %\ld place x 9 su* a position to ! l5ses at ,a t ! focus w\ld be at ,f1 :]e ! image w\ld be repres5t$ at ab\t ! prop] size4 ,n[1 if we %\ld wi% to copy ! #a_/f size picture1 & produce ano!r ( exactly ! same dim5sions1 we h only to br+ x ne>] to ! l5ses1 s t ! l5s ,d ,e %all be equi-di/ant f ! picture & ! focus1 i4 e4 f ,a to ,b4 ,! reason ( ?is is1 t ! di/ance ( ! picture f ! l5s1 9 ! la/ copy1 is less ?an ! o!r1 & ! div]g5ce has increas$1 ?r[+1 ! focus fur!r f ! l5s40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i ,^! rem>ks h be5 introduc$ "h z be+ important = ^? :o may n und]/& ! pr9ciples ( enl>g+ or r$uc+ pictures 9 copy+4 ,i w\ld rem>k t ! po9ts ,f & ,a1 9 ,fig4 #i1 are t]m$ 8conjugate foci40 ,if we hold a d\ble-convex l5s opposite any object1 we f9d t an inv]t$ image ( t object w be =m$ on a pap] held beh9d x4 ,to illu/rate ?is m cle>ly1 ,i w ref] to ! foll[+ woodcut3 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj 8,if ,a ,b ,c is an object plac$ be=e a convex l5s1 ,l ,l1 e po9t ( x w s5d =? rays 9 all directions2 b1 = ! sake ( simplicity1 suppose only ?ree po9ts to give out rays1 "o at ! top1 "o at ! middle1 & "o at ! bottom2 ! :ole ( ! rays !n t proce$ f ! po9t ,a1 & fall on ! l5s ,l ,l1 w be refract$ & =m an image some:]e on ! l9e ,a ,g ,e1 :i* is drawn direct ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! l5s2 consequ5tly ! focus ,e1 produc$ by ! conv]g5ce ( ! rays proc$+ f ,a1 mu/ =m an image ( ,a1 only 9 a diff]5t relative position2 ! middle po9t ( ,c be+ 9 a direct l9e ) ! axis ( ! l5s1 w h its image =m$ on ! axis ,f1 & ! rays proce$+ f ! po9t ,b w =m an image at ,d2 s t by imag9+ lum9\s objects to be made up ( all inf9ite numb] ( radiat+ po9ts & ! rays f ea* individual po9t1 al?\gh fall+ on ! :ole surface ( ! l5s1 to conv]ge aga9 & =m a focus or repres5tation ( t po9t f :i* ! rays fir/ em]g$1 x w be v easy to compreh5d h[ images are =m$1 & ! cause ( ^? images be+ rev]s$4 8,x mu/ also be evid5t1 t 9 ! two triangles ,a ,g ,b & ,d ,g ,e1 t ,e ,d1 ! l5g? ( ! image1 mu/ be to ,a ,b1 ! l5g? ( ! object1 z ,g ,d1 ! di/ance ( ! image1 is to ,g ,b1 ! di/ance ( ! object f ! l5s4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ! la/ cut ! image produc$ by ! l5s is curv$4 ,n[1 x w\ld be impossible to produce a well-def9$ image f ! c5tre to ! edge ^u a pla9 surface2 ! out] edges w\ld be mi/y1 indi/9ct1 or crayon-l4 ,! c5tre ( ! image might be repres5t$ cle> & %>p on ! gr\nd glass1 yet ?is w\ld be f> f ! case 9 reg>d to ! out] portions4 ,?is is call$ sph]ical ab]ration1 & to x is due ! want ( di/9ctness :i* is frequ5tly notic$ ar\nd ! edges ( pictures tak5 9 ! cam]a4 ,to secure a cam]a ) a flat1 %>p1 field1 %\ld be ! object ( e op]ator2 &1 9 a measure1 ?is con/itutes ! great diff]5ce 9 cam]as manufactur$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,sph]ical ab]ration is ov]come by prop] c>e 9 ! =mation ( ! l5s3 8,x c be %[n ^u ma!matical data t a l5s simil> to t giv5 9 ! foll[+ diagram--"o surface ( :i* is a section ( an ellipse1 & ! o!r ( a circle /ruck f ! fur!/ ( ! two foci ( t ellipse--produces no ab]ration4 8,at ! e>lie/ p]iod ( ! employm5t ( ! cam]a obscura1 a d\ble-convex l5s 0 us$ to produce ! image2 b ?is =m 0 soon ab&on$1 on acc\nt ( ! sph]ical ab]ration s caus$4 ,l5ses = ! photographic cam]a are n[ always gr\nd ( a concavo-convex =m1 or m5iscus1 :i* corresponds m ne>ly to ! accompany+ diagram40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa ,*romatic ,ab]ration is ano!r difficulty t opticians h to cont5d ) 9 ! manufactur+ ( l5ses4 ,x w be rememb]$1 t 9 a =m] page 7#acc7 a beam ( light is decompos$ by pass+ ?r\gh a glass prism giv+ sev5 di/9ct colors--r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 indigo & violet4 ,n[1 z has be5 said be=e1 ! dissimil> rays hav+ an unequal degree ( refrangibility1 x w be impossible to obta9 a focus by ! light pass+ ?r\gh a d\ble-convex l5s )\t its be+ fr+$ ) color4 ,its effect w be readily und]/ood by ref]5ce to ! accompany+ cut4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h ,if ,l ,l be a d\ble convex-l5s1 & ,r ,r ,r p>allel rays ( :ite light1 compos$ ( ! sev5 color$ rays1 ea* hav+ a diff]5t index ( refraction1 !y _c be refract$ to "o & ! same po9t2 ! r$ rays1 be+ ! lea/ refrangible1 w be b5t to r1 & ! violet rays1 be+ ! mo/ refrangible1 to v3 ! di/ance v r con/itutes ! *romatic ab]ration1 & ! circle1 ( :i* ! diamet] is a l1 ! place or po9t ( mean refraction1 & is call$ ! circle ( lea/ ab]ration4 ,if ! rays ( ! sun are refract$ by means ( a l5s1 & ! image receiv$ on a scre5 plac$ betwe5 ,c & o1 s z to cut ! cone ,l a l ,l1 a lum9\s circle w be =m$ on ! pap]1 only surr\nd$ by a r$ bord]1 because x is produc$ by a section ( ! cone ,l a l ,l1 ( :i* ! ext]nal rays ,l a ,l l1 are r$2 if ! scre5 be mov$ to ! o!r side ( o1 ! lum9\s circle w be bord]$ ) violet1 because x w be a section ( ! cone ,m a ,m l1 ( :i* ! ext]ior rays are violet4 ,to avoid ! influ5ce ( sph]ical ab]ration1 & to r5d] ! ph5om5a ( coloration m evid5t1 let an opaque disc be plac$ ov] ! c5tral portion ( ! l5s1 s z to all[ ! rays only to pass :i* are at ! edge ( ! glass2 a violet image ( ! sun w !n be se5 at v1 r$ at r1 &1 f9ally1 images ( all ! colors ( ! spectrum 9 ! int]m$iate space2 consequ5tly1 ! g5]al image w n only be confus$1 b clo!d ) prismatic colors40 ,to ov]come ! difficulty aris+ f ! *romatic ab]ration1 ! optician has only to employ a comb9ation ( l5ses ( opposite focal l5g?1 & cut f glass possess+ diff]5t refrangible p[]s1 s t ! rays ( light pass+ ?r\gh ! "o are /rongly refract$1 & 9 ! o!r are b5t asund] aga91 reproduc+ :ite light4 ,to ! photograph] "o ( ! mo/ important features1 requir+ 8 p>ticul> att5tion1 is1 t he be provid$ ) a good l5s4 ,by ! rem>ks giv5 9 ! prec$+ pages1 he w be enabl$1 9 a measure1 to judge ( "s ( ! difficulties to :i* he is occasionally subject$4 ,we h 9 ?is c\ntry b two or ?ree individuals :o are giv+ _! att5tion to ! manufacture ( l5ses1 & _! con/ruction is su*1 t !y are q free f ! sph]ical or *romatic ab]ration4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,to make ,plates = ! ,dagu]reotype--,det]m9+ ! ,"t ( ,exposure 9 ! ,cam]a--,in/antane\s ,process = ,produc+ ,dagu]reotype--,galvaniz+ ! ,dagu]reotype ,plate--,silv]+ ,solution--,dagu]reotype )\t ,m]cury--,managem5t ( ,*emicals--,h9ts & ,cautions--,electrotyp+--,crayon ,dagu]reotypes--,illum9at$ ,dagu]reotypes--,natural ,colors 9 ,heliography--,multiply+ ,dagu]reotypes on "o ,plate--,deposit 9 ,gild+--,practical ,h9ts on ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,,to ,,make ,,plates ,,= ,,! ,,dagu]reotype4 ,i d n give ! me?od employ$ by our regul> plate manufactur]s2 ?is is n important1 z ! op]ator c\ld n possibly pr(it by x f ! fact ( ! great exp5se ( manufactur+4 ,! foll[+ w be f\nd practical3 ,procure a well plani%$ copp] plate ( ! requir$ size1 & well poli% x1 fir/ ) pumice /one & wat]1 !n ) snake /one1 jewel]s' r\ge4 ,plates c be pur*as$ 9 a high /ate ( prep>ation f ! engrav]s4 ,hav+ prep>$ ! copp]-plate1 well rub x ) salt & wat]1 & !n ) ! silv]+ p[d]4 ,no k9d answ]s bett] ?an t us$ by clock-mak]s to silv] _! dial-plates4 ,x is compos$ ( "o "p ( well wa%$ *loride ( silv]1 five p>ts ( cream ( t>t>1 & f\r p>ts ( table salt4 ,?is p[d] mu/ be kept 9 a d>k vessel1 & 9 a dry place4 ,= a plate six in*es by five1 z mu* ( ?is composition z c be tak5 up on a %ill+ is suffici5t4 ,x is to be laid 9 ! c5tre ( ! copp]1 & ! figures be+ wett$1 to be quickly rubb$ ov] e "p ( ! plate1 add+ occasionally a little damp salt4 ,! copp] be+ cov]$ ) ! silv]+ is to be spe$ily well wa%$ 9 wat]1 9 :i* a little soda is dissolv$1 & z soon z ! surface is ( a f9e silv]y :it5ess1 x is to be dri$ ) a v clean w>m clo?4 ,9 ?is /ate ! plates may be kept = use4 ,! fir/ process is to expose ! plate to ! heat ( a _s flame1 until ! silv]$ surface becomes ( a well-def9$ gold5-yell[ color2 !n1 :5 ! plate is cold1 take a piece ( cotton1 dipp$ 9 v dilute nitric acid1 & rub lightly ov] x until ! :ite hue is re/or$1 & dry x ) v s(t clean clo?s4 ,a weak solution ( ! hydriodate ( pota%1 9 :i* a small portion ( iod9e is dissolv$1 is n[ pass$ ov] ! plate ) a wide camel's hair bru%4 ,! silv] is ?us conv]t$1 ov] its surface1 into an ioduret ( silv]2 & 9 ?is /ate x is expos$ to light1 :i* black5s x4 ,:5 dry1 x is to be aga9 poli%$1 ei!r ) dilute acid or a solution ( c>bonate ( soda1 & aft]w>ds ) dry cotton1 & ! smalle/ possible portion ( prep>$ *alk3 by ?is means a surface ( ! highe/ poli% is produc$4 ,! rationale ( ?is process is1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! heat appli$ dries (f any adh]+ acid1 & effects m p]fect union betwe5 ! copp] & silv]1 s z to enable x to be> ! subsequ5t processes4 ,! fir/ yell[ surface appe>s to be an oxide ( silv] )1 possibly1 a m9ute quantity ( copp] 9 comb9ation1 :i* be+ remov$ leaves a surface *emically pure4 ,ano!r ,me?od4--,! be/ & simple/ mode ) :i* we are acqua9t$ is to divide an e>!nw>e vessel ) a diaphragm3 "o side %\ld be fill$ ) a v dilute solution ( sulphuric acid1 & ! o!r ) ei!r a solution ( f]roprussiate ( pota%1 or muriate ( soda1 saturat$ ) *loride ( silv]4 ,! copp] plate1 v>ni%$ on "o side1 is unit$1 by means ( a copp] wire1 ) a plate ( z9c4 ,! z9c plate be+ imm]s$ 9 ! acid1 & ! copp] 9 ! salt1 a weak electric curr5t is g5]at$1 :i* precipitates ! silv] 9 a v uni=m mann] ov] ! entire surface4 ,ano!r ,me?od4--,a piece ( brass or ( poli%$ copp]1 brass is pref]r$1 is p]fectly plani%$ & its surface made p]fectly clean4 ,a solution ( nitrate ( silv]1 s weak t ! silv] is precipitat$ sl[ly1 & a br[ni% color1 on ! brass1 is laid uni=mly ov] x1 8at lea/ ?ree times10 ) a camel's hair p5cil4 ,aft] ea* application ( ! nitrate1 ! plate %\ld be rubb$ g5tly 9 "o direction1 ) moi/5$ bit>trate ( potassa1 appli$ ) buff4 ,?is coat ( silv] receives a f9e poli% f p]oxide ( iron & buff4 ,pro(s are said to h be5 tak5 on x1 comp>able ) ^? obta9$ on ,fr5* plates4 ,m4 ,,soliel',s ,,process ,,= ,,det]m9+ ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,exposure ,,9 ,,! ,,cam]a4 ,m4 ,soliel has propos$ ! use ( ! *loride ( silv] to det]m9e ! "t requir$ to produce a good impression on ! iodat$ plate 9 ! cam]a4 ,8 me?od is to fix at ! bottom ( a tube1 black5$ )91 a piece ( c>d1 on :i* *loride ( silv]1 mix$ ) gum or dextr9e1 is spread4 ,! tube ?us dispos$ is turn$ f ! side ( ! object ( :i* we wi% to take ! image1 & ! "t t ! *loride ( silv] takes to become ( a greyi% slate color w be ! "t requir$ = ! light ( ! cam]a to produce a good effect on ! iodat$ silv]4 ,,in/antane\s ,,process ,,= ,,procur+ ,,dagu]reotypes4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( produc+ ,dagu]reotypes has by "s be5 nam$ z above4 ,mo/ exp]i5c$ op]ators h be5 long acqua9t$ ) ! effect ( ! vapor ( ammonia ^u ! *emically coat$ plate4 ,i w "h ins]t ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hewett's plan ( proce$+4 ,?is g5tleman1 9 ref]r+ to x 7publi%$ 9 #ahde71 says3 8,?is improvem5t consi/s 9 us+ ! vapor ( ammonia1 z an object to accel]ate ! action ( light ^u ! plate4 ,! effect is produc$ ^u a simple iodiz$ plate1 b /ill m ^u a plate prep>$ 9 ! ord9>y way1 ) bo? iod9e & brom9e4 ,by ?is means1 ! au?or obta9$ impressions in/antane\sly 9 ! sun%9e1 & 9 five to t5 seconds 9 a mod]ate light2 & he hopes to be able to take mov+ objects4 ,x c be appli$ by expos+ ! prep>$ plate ov] a surface ( wat]1 to :i* a few drops ( ammonia h be5 add$ 7suffici5t to make x smell ( ammonia72 or ! vapor c be introduc$ into ! cam]a dur+ ! action4 ,9 fact1 ! pres5ce ( ammonia1 9 ! op]at+-room1 appe>s to h a good effect1 z x also neutralizes ! vapors ( iod9e & brom9e t may be float+ ab\t1 & :i* are s detrim5tal to ! influ5ces ( light ^u ! plate40 ,,galvaniz+ ,,! ,,dagu]reotype ,,plate4 ,9 consid]ation ( ! importance ( galvaniz$ plates1 ,i %all endeavor to give z pla9 & concise a mann] ( manipulation z possible4 ,= "s "t x 0 a "q among ! op]ators g5]ally1 z to ! b5eficial result ( electrotyp+1 ! ,dagu]reotype plate1 b = a few ye>s pa/ our fir/ op]ators h f\nd x a fact1 t a well electro-silv]$ surface is ! be/ = produc+ a portrait by ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,f my own exp]im5ts1 ,i h f\nd t a plate1 by be+ galvaniz$1 c be r5d]$ m s5sitive to ! op]ation ( ! light 9 proportion ( "o to five1 viz43 if a plate z furni%$ by ! m>ket1 be clean$1 poli%$1 coat$ & expos$ 9 ! cam]a1 if ! requir$ "t to freely develop an impression be t5 seconds1 a simil> plate prep>$ 9 l mann] & galvaniz$1 w produce an equally well-def9$ image 9 eight seconds4 ,9 connection ) ?is subject1 !re is "o fact wor?y ( notice2 a plate ) a v heavy coat+ ( pure silv]1 w n produce an equally develop$ image1 z a plate ) a ?9n] coat+1 h5ce ! ?9 coat+1 provid+ x entirely cov]s ! surface1 is ! be/1 & is ! "o mo/ to be desir$4 ,! exp]im5t is pla9 & simple4 ,let ! slate receive a heavy or ?ick coat+ by ! electrotype1 !n poli%1 coat1 expose 9 ! usual mann]1 & ! result w be a flat1 a%y1 indi/9ct impression2 :51 on ! o!r h&1 ! ?9 coat+ w produce a bright1 cle> & di/9ct image1 ) all ! details del9eat$4 ,! /yle ( batt]y be/ = ! purpose has be51 & n[ is1 a "q ( dispute among op]ators2 "s pref]r+ ! ,daniell batt]y to ,smee's4 ,"s claim ! sup]iority ( ! fir/ f its uni=mity ( action2 o!rs1 ( ! latt]1 = its /r5g?4 ,i consid] ei!r good1 & = ! inexp]i5c$ w\ld pref] ! ,daniell4 ,?is is m simple 9 its con/ruction1 :ile x has c]ta9ty 9 action4 ,! m skillful electrotyp] w\ld pref] ,smee's1 & ?is is ! "o mo/ g5]ally 9 use4 ,i w\ld rem>k t ! plan ( galvaniz+ plates %\ld be foll[$ by e op]ator1 & :5 once ?or\ghly te/$1 no "o w ab&on x4 ,,silv]+ ,,solution4 ,to any desir$ quantity ( *loride ( silv] 9 wat] add1 little by little1 cyanide ( potassium1 %ak+ well at ea* addition1 until all ! cyanide is dissolv$4 ,cont9ue ?is op]ation1 & add ! cyanide1 until all ! precipitate is tak5 up & held 9 solution4 ,?is solution is n[ ready = ! plate-cup4 ,en\gh wat] may be add$ to cov] any siz$ plate :5 held p]p5dicul> 9 ! cup4 ,! /r5g? ( ! solution may be kept up by occasionally add+ ! *loride ( silv] & cyanide ( potassium4 ,!re %\ld alway be a v little excess ( ! cyanide4 ,! plate %\ld be well clean$ & buff$1 & ! solution well /irr$ be=e x is imm]s$4 ,c>e %\ld be obs]v$ to keep ! solution clean1 & all[ no p>ticle ( du/ to come 9 contact ) ! surface ( ! plate4 ,! plate is n[ to be atta*$ to ! pole ( ! batt]y4 ,aft] rema9+ a %ort "t1 x assumes a blue color2 take x out1 r9se freely ) pure wat]1 !n dry ) a _s lamp1 & x is ready = buff+4 ,buff & coat 9 ! usual mann]4 ,"s op]ators are 9 ! practice ( imm]s+ ! plate 9 ! solution & buff+ twice4 ,?is additional silv]+ is no improvem5t :]ev] !re has be5 a prop] fir/ coat+4 ,sometimes ! op]ator is tr\bl$ ) /reaks or scum on ! plate4 ,?is may arise f ?ree causes1 all ( :i* exp]i5ce mu/ tea* ! exp]im5t] to avoid2 fir/1 too great an excess ( cyanide 9 ! solution2 second1 a lack ( silv]2 ?ird1 ! curr5t too /rong4 ,ano!r annoyance arises f ! solution be+ dirty & ! dirt collect+ on ! surface4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! dirt is sure to come 9 contact ) ! surface ( ! plate z x is plung$ into ! solution1 & ! result is a scum t x is difficult to dispose (4 ,?is c be prev5t$ only by frequ5t filt]+4 ,"o ?+ %\ld always be borne 9 m9d 9 electrotyp+ ,dagu]reotype plates--t 9 ord] to secure a p]fectly coat$ surface1 ! plate %\ld be p]fectly clean$4 ,9 ?is po9t1 _m :o h tri$ ! electrotype process h fail$1 attribut+ _! ill success to o!r ?an ! prop] cause4 ,,dagu]reotypes ,,)\t ,,m]cury4 ,! foll[+ process possesses "s int]e/1 & is wor?y a trial f op]ators4 ,m4 ,natt]]1 ( ,vi5na1 discov]$ a process = obta9+ pro(s on iodiz$ plates ) ! *loride ( sulphur1 )\t ! use ( m]cury4 ,a plate ( silv] is iodiz$ 9 ! usual mann]1 & !n plac$ on ! top ( a vessel six or eight in*es high1 hav+ at ! bottom1 9 a small cup1 a few drops ( *loride ( sulphur2 x %\ld rema9 expos$ to ! action ( ! vapor until ! sombre yell[ color is *ang$ to a r$1 aft] :i* x is br\ght to a focus 9 ! cam]a1 :]e x is expos$ to ! light 9 ! cam]a1 = ab\t ! "t necess>y to produce an ord9>y dagu]reotype4 ,! plate is !n tak5 out & exam9$ 9 ! cam]a by ! light ( a c&le4 ,x (t5 occurs t no trace ( ! image is z yet p]ceptible1 b if ! plate is heat$ by plac+ ov] a _s lamp ! unprep>$ side1 or if left = "s "t 9 ! d>k1 or1 la/ly1 if expos$ only a few seconds to a weak1 dimm$ light1 ! positive picture !n appe>s ) all its %ades4 ,( ^! ?ree modes ( br++ out ! image1 ! second is sup]ior to ! o!rs4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,*emicals4 ,x is necess>y1 fir/ ( all1 to "k t y h a *emical :i* is capable ( produc+ good results :5 9 skillful h&s4 ,= ?is reason x is be/ to prep>e y\r own quick1 aft] "s =mula :i* is kn[n to be good4 ,^? quick-/uffs :i* conta9 *loride ( iod9e are not$ = _! dep? ( tone :ile !y probably op]ate ) less uni=mity ?an ^? :i* are de/itute ( x4 ,= op]at+ "u ord9>y circum/ances1 especially ) an inf]ior light1 probably no accel]ator is m quick & sure ?an ,wolcott's4 ,x also produces a v f9e1 :ite pleas+ picture1 ?\gh lack+ t dep? ( impression s mu* to be desir$4 ,! dry quick op]ates ) surety1 & its use is simple & easy1 produc+ an impression mu* l ,wolcott's4 ,= ^? hav+ a good & p]man5t light1 h[ev]1 we w\ld recomm5d a *emical giv+ m body to ! impression4 ,!re is a class ( accel]ators call$ s5sitives1 claim+ to "w 9 f ?ree to t5 seconds1 :i*1 h[ev]1 w be f\nd v little1 if any1 m s5sitive ?an ?is4 ,we frequ5tly "w x ) ! ord9>y coat+ 9 twelve & fifte5 seconds4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! s5sitives are work$ is by coat+ v light4 ,9 ?is way1 a flat1 %all[ picture is obta9$ 9 a few seconds2 & ! same c be done ) any ( ! m volatile quicks4 ,x is a fact n g5]ally kn[n1 t a plate coat$ 9 a light *emical room is m s5sitive ?an :5 coat$ 9 d>kness4 ,by admitt+ a free1 uni=m light1 & expos+ ! plate to x a few seconds aft] coat+1 !n tim+ %ort 9 ! cam]a1 a v light1 cle> impression is obta9$4 ,! "t 9 ! cam]a is r$uc$ 9 proportion to ! previ\s action ( light4 ,! %ades1 ( c\rse1 are de/roy$1 & ! tone injur$2 /ill1 = tak+ *ildr51 we h succe$$ bett] by ?is me?od ?an by ! use ( 8s5sitives40 ,! discov]y ( ?is pr9ciple 0 accid5tal1 :ile op]at+ :]e ! direct ray s ( ! sun1 ent]+ ! w9d[ j be=e sunset1 fell on ! curta9 ( our d>k room1 r5d]+ x v light )94 ,! selection ( iod9e is n unimportant4 ,reject1 at once1 t :i* has any?+ l a dull1 black1 greasy appe>ance2 & select t :i* is 9 beautiful l>ge cry/all9e scales1 ( a purple color1 & brilliant /eel lu/re4 ,sol>ization1 & g5]al blu5ess ( all ! light p>ts ( ! picture1 7 =m]ly great ob/acles to success1 ?\gh n[ sc>cely ?\ght ( by fir/-class arti/s4 ,beg9n]s 9 ! art1 h[ev]1 are /ill apt to meet ) ?is difficulty4 ,x is occasion$ by dampness 9 ! iod9e box1 :i* causes ! plate to become coat$ ) a hydro-iodide ( silv]1 in/ead ( ! iodide4 ,! rem$y is 9 dry+ y\r iod9e4 ,if 9 summ]1 y c op5 y\r box & set x 9 sun%9e a few m9utes2 or if 9 w9t]1 set x "u a /ove a %ort "t4 ,! true me?od1 h[ev]1 is to dry x by means ( ! *loride ( calcium4 ,x has su* a rem>kable aff9ity = wat]1 t a small fragm5t plac$ 9 ! op5 air1 ev5 9 ! drye/ wea!r1 soon becomes dissolv$4 ,take "o or two ounces ( ?is *emical1 heat x 9 ! dry+ ba?1 or 9 a hot /ove1 to p]fect dryness2 place x 9 a small glass toy di%1 or l>ge wat* cry/al1 & set x 9 ! c5tre ( y\r iod9e box4 ,take ?is out & heat to dryness e morn+4 ,adopt ?is process1 & ) y\r m]cury at a high temp]ature1 y w nev] be tr\bl$ ) blue pictures4 ,"y op]ators are apt to impute all want ( success 9 op]at+ to _! *emicals1 ev5 ?\gh ! cause is q z likely to be else:]e4 ,failure is q likely to occur f dampness 9 ! buffs1 or 9 ! poli%2 x is !re=e necess>y to be con/antly on ! gu>d 9 ?is qu>t]4 ,) a view to ?is1 always scrape y\r buffs ) a dull knife1 or ) "o blade ( y\r %e>s1 ! fir/ ?+ 9 ! morn+1 & aft] bru%+ !m ?or\ghly1 dry !m1 ei!r 9 ! sun1 by a /ove1 or 9 ! buff-dry]4 ,x is equally important t ! poli% & ! bru% %\ld be kept dry4 ,want ( success may arise f vapors ( iod9e or brom9e 9 ! cam]a box1 m]cury ba?1 or ev5 9 ! buffs4 ,x is incr$ible h[ small a quantity ( ^! vapors w affect ! effect ( light :5 com+ 9 contact ) ! plate1 aft] or dur+ ! exposure 9 ! cam]a4 ,x is !re=e necess>y to be cauti\s n to mix *emicals1 nor op5 y\r boxes or bottles 9 y\r room1 b take !m out to d x4 ,nev] hurry ! op]ation ?r\gh f lack ( confid5ce 9 ! result4 ,! fact ( any?+ be+ out ( ord]1 =ms no excuse = slight+ ! process4 ,if unsuccessful1 d n pursue ! same c\rse e trial1 b v>y ) a view to detect ! cause ( ! difficulty4 ,9 case ( a long s]ies ( failures1 in/itute a regul> c\rse ( inve/igation1 aft] ?is mann]1 comm5c+ :]e ! tr\ble is mo/ likely to occur3 #a4 ,are ! plates well clean$8 #b4 ,is ! iod9e dry8 ,if ! impressions come out blue1 y may re/ assur$ x is n4 ,take out ! iod9e1 wipe & dry ! box1 & dry ! calcium4 #c4 ,is ! quick batt]y ( ! "r /r5g?8 ,if dry1 x mu/ *ange ! plate 9 f six to fifte5 seconds4 ,if any ( ! *loride ( iod9e class1 x may v>y f five seconds to a m9ute4 ,beg9 by coat+ light1 & increase on ea* trial1 obs]v+ ! effect4 ,if ! light side ( ! picture seems lo? to come out1 & %[s no contra/ ) ! d>k side1 x is to be inf]r$ t y\r batt]y is too /rong1 & mu/ be r$uc$ ) wat] or set out 9 ! op5 air = a few m9utes1 ) ! lid (f4 ,if work+ an old batt]y1 nev] r5ew v /rong1 or x w "w d>k & heavy4 ,a batt]y1 to "w well1 %\ld be gradually los+ /r5g?1 b nev] ga9+4 ,an old batt]y1 h[ev]1 may be quick5$ up & made to "w well = "s "t1 by add+ five ( six drops ( sulphuric acid1 repeat+ ! quantity z (t5 z necess>y1 provid+ always t acid be n us$ 9 manufactur+ ! quick4 #d4 ,h ! plates lo/ _! s5sitiv5ess by be+ _m times expos$ to m]cury8 ,clean & burn !m2 b if ,fr5* plates1 burn light1 or y spoil !m4 #e4 ,are ! buff s dry & clean8 ,exam9e ! plate critically aft] buff+ to detect any appe>ance ( scum or film on ! surface4 ,if s1 ! long] y buff ! m x %[s4 ,scrape & dry ! buffs ?or\ghly4 #f4 ,is ! m]cury free f scum & dirt8 ,if n1 filt]4 ,is x also f> en\gh f ! coat+ boxes8 ,%\ld be at lea/ ?ree feet1 & kept cov]$4 #g4 ,is ! m]cury suffici5tly heat$8 ,?is is important4 ,long exposure1 h[ev]1 w answ] ! same purpose4 #h4 ,are y\r l5ses clean1 & 9 prop] place8 #i4 ,are ! tablets 9 focus ) ! gr\nd-glass8 ,if y c attribute ! failure to none ( ^!1 mix a new box ( "s o!r k9d ( quick1 say ! dry1 = in/ance4 ,if y fail 9 ! same mann] "h1 take "t1 wa% y\r buffs1 ov]haul all ! *emicals1 & />t anew4 ,d n be disc\rag$4 ,!re is no day s d>k b t ! sun w %9e aga94 ,we w close ) ?is brief summ>y ( advice3 ,clean y\r plates4 ,keep ev]y?+ dry4 ,keep ! m]cury hot4 ,foll[ ^! in/ructions c>efully1 & y mu/ succe$4 ,,h9ts ,,& ,,cautions4 ,fir/ ( all1 cleanl9ess %\ld be obs]v$4 ,:5 !re is du/ or dirt ab\t y\r room1 p>ticul>ly ab\t ! "w-b5*1 failures w be frequ5t2 = ! smalle/ p>ticles ( rott5-/one1 :5 all[$ to come 9 contact ) ! buffs1 w produce scrat*es on ! surface ( ! plate1 :i* v mu* injures ! op]ation1 & (t5 causes failures4 ,du/ fly+ ab\t ! room is injuri\s1 if all[$ to fall on ! plate1 ei!r be=e or aft] x has be5 coat$1 z x causes black spots :i* _c be remov$4 ,! poli%$ plate %\ld n be all[$ to come 9 contact ) a /rong curr5t ( air1 = x t5ds to oxidize ! surface4 ,brea?+ on ! surface %\ld also be avoid$1 = ! same reason4 ,! plate %\ld1 9 all cases1 be buff$ imm$iately be=e us+1 & n all[$ to /& any l5g? ( "t4 ,x %\ld be held ) ! poli%$ face d[nw>d4 ,x is always be/ t ! plate %\ld be ( ! same temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e 9 ! room4 ,keep ! cam]a & m]cury-ba? p]fectly free f ! vapors ( iod9e & brom9e2 = ! pres5ce ( ! slighte/ degree ( ei!r ( ! above w injure ! impression 9 no small degree4 ,z a prev5tive1 let ! cam]a be expos$ to ! sun or fire = a few m9utes 9 ! morn+4 ,filt] y\r m]cury (t51 to keep ! surface free f film & du/4 ,! hyposulphite solution %\ld be filt]$ ?r\gh sponge e "t x is us$4 ,! direct rays ( light mu/ n ent] ! cam]a 9 conjunction ) ^? reflect$ f ! object2 or ! picture w be veil$1 & ! color ( ! plate *ang$ to a ?ick gre54 ,if ! plate be iodiz$ only to a light-yell[1 ! result might be ( a blui% or grey t+e3 & ?is is g5]ally ! case1 :5 ! quick is new & /rong1 & !re is an excess ( x on ! plate1 & yet n en\gh to =m ! bromide iodide ( silv]2 9 :i* case x w\ld :olly spoil ! impression4 ,y\r iod9e w be f\nd to op]ate m successfully1 :5 ! "t requir$ = coat+ ! plate does n fall %ort ( fifte5 seconds1 or exce$ "o m9ute4 ,too quick coat+ c be avoid$ by us+ less iod9e 9 y\r box4 ,9 ! summ] mon?s1 :5 ! wea!r is #hj deg4 & ov]1 "o qu>t] ( an ounce1 or ev5 less1 w "w to advantage4 ,,electrotyp+4 ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,fitzgibbons = ! foll[+ process1 :i* he employ$ 9 produc+ ! excell5t specim5s he exhibit$ at ! ,cry/al ,palace3 8,i %all endeavor to lay d[n 9 z compreh5sive a mann] z possible ! me?od by :i* ,i h be5 enabl$ to produce ! mo/ satisfactory results4 ,i use a ,smee's batt]y 7ano!r k9d w d74 ,aft] fill+ ! cell1 ( common size1 ne>ly full ) wat]2 add ab\t qu>t] ( an ounce ( sulphuric acid4 ,mix ?is well1 & let x /& = ab\t ?ree h\rs1 or until ! action ( ! batt]y becomes weak1 :5 x is 9 ord] to "w ) a v uni=m action4 ,put "o p\nd ( sulphate ( copp] 9 "o qu>t ( wat]2 /ir x until ! sulphate ( copp] is all dissolv$1 & !n add "o half ounce ( sulphuric acid & a qu>t] ( an ounce ( nitric acid4 ,?is solution1 well mix$1 %\ld be filt]$1 & x is ready = use4 ,x is v important t ! solution %\ld be kept clean1 cle>1 & free f all =eign sub/ance4 ,! above quantity ( ?is solution w be f\nd suffici5t = electrotyp+ a doz5 ( ! six?-size plates4 ,:5 x is requir$ to be /r5g!n$1 x is only necess>y to add a little ( ! sulphate ( copp]4 8,) ! batt]y prep>$ z above1 & ! solution ( sulphate ( copp] 9 a vessel ( prop] dim5sions to receive y\r plate1 connect ! galvanic curr5t1 & imm]se ! impression$ plate1 lett+ x rema9 until a ?9 film ( copp] has be5 =m$1 !n ! batt]y c be /r5g!n$1 & ! impression w be ( suffici5t ?ickness to be remov$ 9 f eight to twelve h\rs4 ,an old ,dagu]reotype plate atta*$ to ! opposite pole ( ! batt]y 7copp] side t[>ds ! face ( ! plate to be electrotyp$71 w answ] ! same purpose z ! silv]-plate4 8,! great difficulty 9 tak+ an electrotype impression1 & pres]v+ ! orig9al1 has be5 attribut$ to ! batt]y be+ too p[]ful4 ,i am l$ to believe f practice t ! pr9cipal difficulty has be5 9 ! ,dagu]reotype plate itself1 = if we use an impression t has be5 tak5 b a few days1 & tak5 9 ! usual way1 we w f9d x difficult to succe$ )\t spoil+ bo? ! copy & orig9al1 & s also ) an old impression4 8,i h f\nd ! mo/ c]ta9 me?od to be z foll[s3--,coat ! ,dagu]reotype plate z usual1 except use less ( ! accel]ators1 ! proportion ( iod9e coat+ be+ great]1 ( c\rse ! "t ( exposure 9 ! cam]a w be l5g!n$4 ,m]curialize x at ab\t a temp]ature requir+ to develop ! image1 f six to eight m9utes1 at lea/4 ,gild+ ! ,dagu]reotype has mu* to d t[>ds produc+ a good electrotype copy4 ,?is %\ld be done by apply+ a little heat1 & gild+ v sl[ly1 giv+ a coat+ ( gold ) ! greate/ possible uni=mity4 ,by ?is me?od1 ,i h be5 enabl$ to produce any numb] ( pro(s4 ,i h produc$ a doz5 f "o impression1 & x rema9s z p]fect z :5 fir/ tak54 8,by a little judgm5t & c>e ! op]ator w be enabl$ to produce ! electrotype copy ( ! ,dagu]reotype plate )\t any difficulty4 ,! electrotype copy %\ld be imm$iately put "u a glass & seal$ 9 ! same mann] z ! ord9>y ,dagu]reotype40 ,,crayon ,,dagu]reotypes4 ,?is process is pat5t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ,j4 ,a4 ,:ipple1 ( ,bo/on1 & ( c\rse no honorable p]son w use x = 8 own b5efit )\t pur*as+ a "r4 ,a :ite back-gr\nd is g5]ally employ$1 ! object be+ to blur ! l[] portion ( ! plate1 leav+ ! head ( ! subject 9 relief4 ,e ,dagu]reotypi/ is famili> ) ! fact t a motion ( any body betwe5 ! cam]a & ! sitt] w cause a 8blur40 ,cut a piece ( ?9 pap] & scallop x1 mak+ a semicircle4 ,?is is kept /raight by means ( a wire frame1 & x is to be mov$ 9 front ( ! l[] "p ( ! body ( ! sitt] dur+ ! "t ( exposure ( ! plate 9 ! cam]a4 ,develop ov] m]cury z usual1 & ! result w be a crayon ,dagu]reotype4 ,ano!r me?od is to h a :eel ) a hole cut ?r\gh x ( a diamet] ( ab\t #ab in*es4 ,?is hole is s cut z to leave tee? resembl+ ^? ( a l>ge saw4 ,?is :eel is s arrang$ t x c be turn$ ar\nd1 :i* %\ld be done dur+ ! "t ( exposure 9 ! cam]a4 ,x mu/ be plac$ betwe5 ! cam]a & ! sitt]1 & at su* a di/ance f ! cam]a z to all[ su* proportion ( ! body ( ! sitt] be se5 ^u ! gr\nd-glass z is desir$4 ,x w be readily se5 t by turn+ ?is :eel dur+ ! op]ation w produce ! same result z ! pap] be+ mov$ 9 ! o!r me?od4 ,! tee? make ! 8blur40 ,! side ( ! :eel t[>ds ! cam]a may be black1 by :i* means ! result w be a d>k in/ead ( a light bord]4 ,,illum9at$ ,,dagu]reotypes4 ,?is process is also pat5t$1 & ! rem>ks on ! prec$+ subject w apply 9 ?is case4 ,! plate is prep>$ & expos$ z 9 ! usual me?od ( ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,a :ite back-gr\nd is employ$4 ,let ! head ( ! sitt] come 9 ! middle ( ! plate1 & be=e expos+ x to ! vapors ( m]cury1 put a small mat or diaphragm1 hav+ a small hole ?r\gh x1 ov] or directly on ! surface ( ! plate4 ,?is diaphragm %\ld be bevell$1 & ! bevel %\ld be t[>ds ! surface ( ! plate2 ?is1 9 ord] to prev5t too %>p a l9e on ! impression4 ,x w be readily se5 t if an impression$ plate s cov]$ is plac$ ov] ! m]cury1 x w be develop$ on su* portions only z are expos$4 ,! pr9ciple is s famili> t fur!r explanations are unnecess>y4 ,,natural ,,colors ,,9 ,,heliography4 ,?is subject is wor?y ! att5tion ( e op]ator4 ,! foll[+ process is s pla9 & easy ( trial t any ,dagu]reotypi/ c try x4 ,?is is z giv5 by ,mr4 ,james ,campbell1 & 0 publi%$ 9 ,humphrey's ,j\rnal ( ! ,dagu]reotype & ,photographic ,arts1 vol4 #e1 page #aa4 ,mr4 ,campbell has done mu* to fur!r ! process ann\nc$ by ,m4 ,neipce1 & 8 exp]im5ts h prov$ highly successful4 ,! foll[+ is submitt$ z wor?y ( trial3 8,! prop] prep>ation ( ! *loridat$ plate1 to enable x to receive color$ impressions is an object ( ! fir/ importance to ^? wi%+ to exp]im5t on x1 & consequ5tly requires p>ticul> notice4 ,! plate may be prep>$ by mak+ x ! positive pole ( a batt]y1 & lett+ x at ! same "t be imm]s$ 9 *lor9e wat]4 ,! negative pole %\ld be a slip ( plat9um4 ,all ! colors may be produc$ f a plate s prep>$ if ! *lor9e & wat] are 9 ! "r proportions2 b g5]ally "o color or ! o!r pr$om9ates1 accord+ to ! am\nt ( *lor9e 9 ! liquid4 ,by add+ ! *lorides ( /rontian1 uranium1 potassium1 sodium1 iron1 or copp] to ! liquid1 v>i\s effects may be produc$1 & ^! bodies w be f\nd to produce ! same color on ! plate t _! flame gives to alcohol4 8,! honor ( ?is discov]y is due to ,m4 ,neipce4 ,copp] gives a v>iegat$ flame2 h5ce _m colors may be impress$ on a plate prep>$ ) a solution ( its *loride4 8,m4 ,neipce recomm5ds a solution ( ! mix$ *lorides ( copp] & iron1 & x is ) ^!1 t ,i h be5 mo/ successful4 ,z ! *lorides ( copp] & iron are n mu* us$ 9 ! arts1 !y are n g5]ally f\nd = sale 9 ! %ops2 & x may be well to furni% ^? n mu* v]s$ 9 *emi/ry ) an easy me?od ( prep>+ !m4 8,!y may be made directly f ei!r metal by dissolv+ x 9 hydro*loric acid2 b !y may be =m$ by a *eap] me?od1 & by :i* also ! acid fumes are avoid$4 8,sulphate ( iron or copp]1 or bo? toge!r1 may be dissolv$ 9 wat] & !n neutraliz$ ) common crude pota%1 or its c>bonate or bic>bonate--kn[n commonly z pe>l a% & sal]atus4 ,if ei!r ( ! latt] be us$1 !re w be =m$ sulphate ( pota% & a c>bonate ( ! metal us$1 & !re w also be a consid]able eff]vesc5ce ( c>bonic acid1 :i* w1 if c>e is n tak51 cause ! mixture to run ov] ! vessel4 ,aft] ! copp] or iron salt is neutraliz$1 :i* is kn[n by its ceas+ to eff]vesce1 ! c>bonate ( ! metal w settle sl[ly1 & w at fir/ ne>ly fill ! vessel4 ,! sup]natant fluid1 :i* is sulphate ( pota% 9 solution1 may n[ be c>efully p\r$ (f1 & its place fill$ ) wat]2 ?is op]ation %\ld be repeat$ sev]al times until ! wat] :i* passes (f is ta/eless4 ,! c>bonate ( ! metal rapidly *anges to an oxide by contact ) ! air1 & x w g5]ally be f\nd1 :5 x is suffici5tly wa%$1 t x is at lea/ half oxide4 ,on add+ hydro*loric acid cauti\sly to ! mixture1 a *loric ( ! metal w be =m$1 & c>bonic acid w be evolv$ f ! rema9+ c>bonate4 ,! *loride =m$ is soluble2 b z !re are two *lorides ( ^! metals1 & we wi% to produce ! "o :i* conta9s ! mo/ *lor9e1 x is be/ to add ! acid cauti\sly until ! solution is decid$ly acid4 ,aft] filt]+ ! solution1 x is fit = use2 & x %\ld be pres]v$ 9 well-/opp]$ bottles4 ,! wat] us$ %\ld be ra9 or di/ill$ wat]4 8,ab\t "o "p ( ! mix$ *lorides %\ld be us$ to ?ree or f\r ( wat]4 8,! batt]y may be ei!r ,smee's1 ,daniell's1 or ,grove's2 if ( ei!r ( ! =m]1 x %\ld be ( two s]ies2 if ( ! latt]1 "o cup is suffici5t4 8,! plate on be+ imm]s$ 9 ! liquid1 almo/ in/antly takes a violet color4 ,x %\ld be all[$ to rema9 f two to five m9utes1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! batt]y1 & until x becomes ne>ly black4 ,x %\ld n[ be c>efully wa%$1 & aft]w>ds heat$ ov] a _s lamp until x takes a *]ry-r$ color1 & x is !n ready = exposure 9 ! cam]a4 ,be=e speak+ ( expos+ ! plate1 x may be well to speak ( "s difficulties :i* ! inexp]i5c$ op]ator may f9d 9 prep>+ x4 ,if ! batt]y is n 9 good ord]1 & a suffici5t curr5t is n pass$ ?r\gh ! solution1 ! plate w become coat$--& app>5tly almo/ z well z :5 ! batt]y is work+ well--b on exposure x w give a negative picture1 & b little color$2 :ile if ! batt]y is 9 good ord]1 ! impression is inv>iably positive4 8,sometimes on heat+ ! plate aft] wa%+1 ! surface is cov]$ ) spots or assumes a v>iegat$ appe>ance4 ,?is indicates t ! solution is impure1 or t ! plate h n be5 ?or\ghly wa%$ & are /ill contam9at$ ) ! soluble *lorides :i* are conta9$ 9 ! solution4 8,f ! fact t ! plate if prep>$ ) positive electricity gives a positive picture1 :ile x prep>$ o!rwise x gives a negative1 x is evid5t t electricity plays an important "p 9 ?is process4 ,! same is true to "s ext5t ) ! comp\nds =m$ ) iod9e1 brom9e1 & fluor9e4 8,on heat+ ! plate1 ! br[n coat+ ( *loride melts into a transluc5t enamel1 & ! heat %\ld be )drawn :5 a *]ry-r$ color is produc$4 ,x ! heat is cont9u$ long]1 ! plate assumes a light] color1 & becomes less s5sitive2 & ! enamel w f9ally scale (f4 ,to produce a picture by ! ord9>y process ( ,m4 ,neipce1 unaccel]at$1 x %\ld be expos$ = f ?ree to five h\rs to sunlight 9 ! cam]a1 ?\gh pictures may be procur$ by contact1 9 f fifte5 to ?irty m9utes40 ,,multiply+ ,,dagu]reotypes ,,on ,,"o ,,plate4 ,i h produc$ "s int]e/+ specim5s ( ! ,dagu]reotypic art1 by expos+ 9 ! cam]a only a portion ( ! s5sitive plate to ! action ( light4 ,:5 on ! expos$ portion an image is =m$1 !n tak+ ! tablet into ! d>k room1 *ange ends & expose ! s5sitive portion1 & produce ano!r image1 develop+ z usual4 ,?is plan is adapt$ = tak+ lik5esses = lockets4 ,two images c be pres5t$ z sitt+ side by side1 by cov]+ half ! plate ) black pap]1 & expos+ z be=e4 ,9 ?is mann] we h be5 enabl$ to surprise p]sons by exhibit+ _! portrait on ! same plate ) a /rang]'s4 ,dagu]reotypi/s mu/ be cauti\s 9 practic+ ?is1 z x might n be agreeable to ! p>ties ^: lik5esses are toge!r1 by ! above process4 ,x is impossible to produce an impression )\t a l9e be+ se5 :]e ! edge ( ! pap] prev5t$ ! op]ation ( ! light4 ,i h rec5tly se5 a f9e specim5 produc$ by ano!r plan1 :i* f> exce$s ! above1 !re be+ no l9e1 or any peculi>ity d5ot+ two exposures4 ,! specim5 ref]r$ to1 0 a g5tleman repres5t$ on "o plate by two full l5g? portraits4 ,?is 0 produc$ by us+ a black velvet = ! backgr\nd4 ,! plate 0 expos$ suffici5t "t to produce "o impression1 & !n ! g5tleman assum$ ano!r position1 & is repeat$ z look+ at himself4 ,f ! fact t ! "t requir$ to develop black velvet be+ s mu* long] ?an t = produc+ a portrait1 we are enabl$ to produce ! above int]e/+ results4 ,,deposit ,,9 ,,gild+4 ,reg>d+ specks f bad wat]1 ,i w\ld rem>k t gild+ %\ld be made only ) di/ill$ wat]4 ,?us made1 x produces v little deposit1 ev5 by long keep+4 ,x !re=e pres]ves its orig9al /r5g?1 & works ) great uni=mity4 ,e gra9 ( deposit conta9s at lea/ #g-aj its weight ( gold1 easily discov]able by ! bl[pipe4 ,su* gild+ is cont9ually det]iorat+1 :i* ) good *loride & di/ill$ wat] may be prev5t$4 ,di/ill$ wat] %\ld also be us$ = ! hyposulphite4 & = clean+ plates4 ,any good1 cle> wat] may be aft]w>ds us$ = wa%+ (f1 ) equally good results4 ,i am v r>ely tr\bl$ ) specs1 & deem ?is z ! ma9 reason4 ,) a portable /ill atta*$ to a cook+ /ove1 ,i obta9 half a gallon ( wat] p] h\r1 & ) v little tr\ble4 ,a small t9 retort or /ill connect$ ) a ,leibig's cond5s]1 w\ld n add mu* to ! 8traps0 ( ! travell+ op]ator1 & save him _m a disreputable specim54--,t4 ,j4 ,,bailey4--,humphrey's ,j\rnal4 ,,practical ,,h9ts ,,on ,,! ,,dagu]reotype4 ,! foll[+ is f ,humphrey's ,j\rnal1 vol4 #e1 & f ! p5 ( ,dr4 ,,wm4 ,,h>r+ton1 "o ( ! mo/ able writ]s ^u ! subject ( ! ,dagu]reotype 9 ?is c\ntry3 ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,! ,,difficulty ,,t ,,sometimes ,,occurs ,,to ,,prev5t ,,! ,,production ,,( ,a ,,cle> ,,impression ,,^u ,a ,,dagu]reotype ,,plate4 ,beyond all d\bt ?is is traceable to dampness4 ,truly ?is is n a new ?\ght2 b :]e does ?is dampness come f8 ,h[ does x orig9ate1 & :]e is x locat$8 ,g5]ally x has be5 ref]r$ to a po9t entirely remote f its real location4 ,?is dampness exi/s p>ticul>ly ^u ! surface ( ! plate2 is obvi\sly d]iv$ imm$iately f ! atmosph]e2 & is ow+ to a c]ta9 relative temp]ature ( ! plate ) ! hygrometric condition ( ! atmosph]e4 ,:5ev] ?is relation exi/s betwe5 ! plate & atmosph]e1 a precipitation ( moi/ure takes place ^u ! surface ( ! plate1 :i* r5d] all ef=ts at poli%+ impracticable4 ,?is int]f]5ce is n conf9$ to ! buff+ op]ation alone1 b sometimes is discov]able ev5 9 ! ord9>y process ( sc\r+4 ,e "o at all exp]i5c$ 9 ?is art w rememb] t x is n always an easy matt] = him1 by sc\r+1 to br+ 8 plate to ! desir$ lu/re4 ,all 8 ef=ts become unavail+2 ! m he rubs1 ! dull] ! surface ( 8 plate appe>s2 & al?\gh he r5ews 8 cotton repeat$ly1 /ill he is oblig$ to cont5t himself ) an unsatisfactory f9i%4 ,?is relative condition is n conf9$ to any p>ticul> season ( ! ye>1 nor to any c]ta9 !rmometric temp]ature2 b may occur 9 summ] z well z 9 w9t]2 ! wea!r be+ w>m or cold1 wet or dry1 cle> or cl\dy1 ra9+ or %9+4 ,"u any ( ^! circum/ances1 if ! relation ( ! plate & atmosph]e be su* z to invite ^u ! plate a precipitation ( humidity f ! atmosph]e1 ! prospect ( produc+ a cle> impression is q problematical4 ,x is reasonable to expect ?is occurr5ce f ! fact t metal is a good radiator1 & radiation r$uces ! temp]ature ( a metallic body bel[ t ( ! atmosph]e4 ,consequ5tly1 if ?is relative condition happ5s1 ! result w be z ,i h /at$4 ,bodies may be cold] ?an ! atmosph]e & yet d]ive no moi/ure f x2 :ile at ! same "t ! drie/ atmosph]e is n devoid ( moi/ure1 b w "p ) x "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,assum+ = grant$ t ?is relative condition betwe5 ! plate & atmosph]e1 dispos+ ! =m] to receive ! humidity ( ! latt]1 con/itutes ! great ob/acle ! op]ator has to cont5d ) 9 produc+1 a cle> pro( ^u ! plate1 ! rem$y naturally sugge/s itself1 & is v simple4 ,x consi/s 9 m]ely heat+ ! plate above ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e1 previ\s to poli%+1 & reta9+ t temp]ature dur+ ! op]ation4 ,v>i\s measures might be devis$ to effect ! desir$ object2 "o ( :i* consi/s ( a %eet-iron box1 heat$ f ! inside by a _s-lamp1 ^u ! top ( :i* are to be kept ! plates ready to und]go ! process ( be+ poli%$2 ! blocks ( ! sw+ or any o!r vice2 or ! iron b$ belong+ to ,lewis's vice4 ,9 cold wea!r1 :5 x is necess>y to keep a fire 9 ! prep>ation room1 all ( ! above may be s arrang$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! fire z to receive ! requisite degree ( heat = ! purpose specifi$4 ,?is "p ( ! subject1 h[ev]1 is left entirely = ! +5uity ( ! op]ator4 ,no matt] by hat means he accompli%es ! object2 all t is requir$ is to heat ! plate above ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e & reta9 t heat dur+ ! process ( poli%+4 ,s9ce ! adoption ( ?is me?od1 9 connection ) my p>tn]1 ,t4 ,j4 ,dobyns1 ev5 9 ?is humid climate ( ours1 :5 ev]y?+ 9 ! room is dripp+ ) moi/ure1 x has be5 att5d$ ) inv>iable success4 ,,*oice ,,( ,,plates1 ,,etc4 ,9 ! great catalogue ( compla9ts made by op]ators1 none is m common ?an t alleg$ aga9/ ! quality ( plates 9 g5]al use4 ,al?\gh ! greate/ div]sity ( op9ion exi/s ^u ?is subject1 nev]!less ! plates ( e manufactory %>e 9 ?is univ]sal condemnation4 ,to be sure x _c be d5i$ b t ?is necess>y article ( utility 9 ! photographic art has und]gone a sad det]ioration 9 quality ow+ to ! increas+ dem& & great r$uction 9 price--! plates ( ! pres5t day be+ by no means s heavily coat$ ) silv] z =m]ly--b ! compla9t allud$ to is n pr$icat$ s mu* ^u ! ?9ness ( silv] z ^u a my/]i\s some?+ :i* has conf]r$ ^u ! plates ! epi!t ( n good4 ,t ?is compla9t is 9 a great measure gr\ndless appe>s evid5t f ! fact t :ile1 ) ! same br& ( plates "o op]ator c "w successfully1 ano!r enc\nt]s ! greate/ difficulty2 :ile "o is able to produce beautifully cle> & altoge!r satisfactory results1 ! o!r labors "u ! tr\blesome annoyance ( innum]able specks1 l>ge d>k ins5sitive pat*es & br[n map-l portions1 toge!r ) div]s o!r blemi%es1 suffici5t to prev5t him f obta9+ any?+ l a tol]able impression4 ,f ?is wide diff]5ce 9 ! results ( ! two op]ators us+ id5tically ! same article1 x is b reasonable to conclude t ! compla9t is f\nd$ 9 error2 :ile ! inf]5ce is no m ?an j1 t ! fault may be trac$ to a want ( practical skill on ! "p ( ! compla9+ op]ator himself2 r ?an to ! inf]ior quality ( ! plates4 ,! "q1 !n1 :e!r ! plates are unfit = use1 or :e!r ^? :o pron\nce !m s und]/& h[ to use !m1 appe>s to be satisfactorily answ]$4 ,x !re=e becomes a matt] wor?y ( inve/igation1 to asc]ta9 :at sup]ior judgm5t & skill "o op]ator possesses ov] ano!r :i* enable him to "w successfully a quality ( plate1 pron\nc$ by ! o!r entirely useless4 ,suppose we make a critical exam9ation ( "o ( ! repudiat$ plates4 ,f its ext]nal appe>ance we h little hesitation 9 pron\nc+ x to be ,fr5*2 inde$1 ?is presumption is /rongly corroborat$ by ! fact t x is ornam5t$ ^u "o ( its corn]s ) a br& to designate ! manufactory f :i* x emanat$4 ,^u close inspection we _c fail to notice a /rik+ peculi>ity ^u ! surface2 ! r\ghness is v rem>kable2 ! plani%+ hamm] has left amaz+ly visible indications ( its busy "w4 ,"o w\ld suppose ! manufactur] int5d$ ! surface ( ! plate to repres5t ! undulations ( ! sea1 in/ead ( t smoo? & level "* s /rongly recomm5d$ by ,m4 ,dagu]re4 ,su* a plate necess>ily requires at ! h& ( ! op]ator consid]able labor be=e ! surface is 9 a prop] condition to receive a suitable poli% f ! buff]4 ,! lea/ reflection 9 ! _w %\ld tea* any "o t s long z ! undulatory "* cont9ues ^u ! surface ( ! plate1 x is 9 a v imp]fect condition = buff+1 because ! buff] _c t\* e po9t equally2 ! elevat$ portions alone receiv+ a high degree ( poli% :ile ! depress$ portion1 f _! r\ghness act+ z nuclei1 ga!r du/1 r\ge1 & o!r =eign bodies1 s detrim5tal to s5sitiv5ess4 ,! secret ( ! sup]ior judgm5t & skill ( "o op]ator ov] ano!r1 is intimately connect$ ) ?is po9t3 8 success dep5ds v mu* ^u ! fir/ process ( clean+ ! plate4 ,let u exam9e ! manipulation ( ! compla9+ op]ator4 ,he takes "o ( ^! plates & gives x a c>eful sc\r+ ) rott5-/one & alcohol or any o!r liquid pref]r$ = ?is "p ( ! op]ation--t is1 he gives x :at he t]ms a c>eful sc\r+--v g5tly inde$ because1 f ! frequ5t trials he is 9 ! habit ( mak+ 9 ! cam]a1 he fe>s he w rub ! silv] entirely away be=e he succe$s 9 obta9+ a good impression4 ,! d>k pat*es1 specks1 & granul> appe>ance result+ entirely f ! unev5ness ( ! surface ( ! plate1 look l copp] to him1 & he is surpris$ t he %\ld h rubb$ away ! silv] s soon1 p>ticul>ly by su* delicate h&l+4 ,! judgm5t & exp]i5ce ( ! successful op]ator1 h[ev]1 tea* him t sc\r+ injures a plate less ?an buff+4 ,he kn[s t unless ! hamm] m>ks be oblit]at$1 he _c by ! buff] produce a surface ( uni=m poli% & s5sitiv5ess1 )\t :i* a fair pro( is extremely d\btful2 he kn[s t ! "t employ$ 9 ! prelim9>y op]ation ( clean+ ! plate prop]ly is economy4 ,!re is a /yle ( ,fr5* plates 9 ! m>ket1 d5om9at$ heavy1 :i* are truly excell5t1 if prop]ly manag$4 ,mu* pati5ce1 h[ev]1 is requir$ to remove ! m>ks ( ! hamm]2 b ) tripoli & alcohol ! surface is readily cut d[n1 & ! plate is !n susceptible ( a beautiful black lu/re by poli%+ ) ! buff]4 ,! compla9+ op]ator c\ld n succe$ by 8 own me?od ) "o ( ! plates2 he w\ld enc\nt] all mann] ( cl\ds & o!r unacc\ntable ph5om5a2 he w\ld imag9e ?is plate entirely worn out be=e x 0 half clean$1 & soon fix 9 8 own e/imation ! reputation ( ! heavy plate4 ,9 mak+ a *oice ( plates1 !re=e1 x w\ld appe> to be a matt] ( p]fect indiff]5ce ) an exp]i5c$ op]ator :at k9d he w\ld use1 except s f> only z ! labor requir$ 9 clean+ !m 0 to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 a scale plate1 a ,scovill ,no4 #a1 ,s4 ,f41 heavy ,a1 />1 cresc5t1 eagle1 or any o!r br&1 consi/s 9 ! sup]ior f9i% ( "s1 & ! ?9ness ( ! silv] 9 ! *eap] qualities4 ,consequ5tly1 let ! compla9+ op]ator b employ ! dilig5ce inculcat$ 9 ?is article1 to clean 8 plate ?or\ghly1 s z to br+ x to a p]fectly ev5 & level surface1 & he w seldom be tr\bl$ ) specks1 cl\ds1 d>k pat*es1 & ! ho/ ( o!r ob/acles :i* h]et(ore h torm5t$ him4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,an ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,wolcott ,,& ,,johnson',s ,,e>ly ,,exp]im5ts1 ,,9 ,,! ,,dagu]reotype4 ,,by ,,john ,,johnson4 ,f ,humphrey's ,j\rnal1 vol4 ii #ahea ,z a g5]al ?+1 h[ev] p]fect any inv5tion may be deem$ by ! inv5tor or discov]]1 x falls to ! lot ( mo/1 to be ! subject ( improvem5t & advancem5t1 & especially is ?is ! case ) ^? new projects 9 sci5ce :i* op5 an untrodd5 field to ! view ( ! artisan4 ,su* has be51 9 an em95t degree1 ! case ) ! discov]y fir/ ann\nc$ to ! _w by ,mons4 ,jean ,jaques ,claude ,dagu]re1 ( ,p>is1 9 ! ye> #ahci1 & :i* excit$ unb\nd$ a/oni%m5t1 curiosity & surprise4 ,x may be que/ion$ _h any o!r ?an ,dagu]re himself discov]$ a l beautiful comb9ation1 :e!r ! _w w\ld h be5 favor$ ) details exhibit+ s mu* c>e1 pati5ce & p]sev]ance z ! ,dagu]reotype on its introduction4 ,%ortly aft]1 ^! details rea*$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ,pr(essor ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,morse1 ( ,new ,york1 :o 01 at ! "t ( ! discov]y1 resid+ 9 ,p>is4 ,by ?is ann\ncem5t1 ! :ole sci5tific corps 0 set 9 op]ation1 _m repeat+ ! exp]im5ts1 foll[+ c>efully ! directions po9t$ out by ,dagu]re1 z be+ necess>y to success4 ,among ! numb] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 ,alex&] ,s4 ,wolcott 7s9ce deceas$7 & myself2 bo? ( ?is city4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #f? day ( ,octob]1 #ahci1 ,i took to ,a4 ,wolcott's resid5ce1 a full description ( ,dagu]re's discov]y1 he be+ at ! "t engag$ 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ,me*anical ,d5ti/ry1 on "s "w requir+ 8 imm$iate att5tion1 ! "w be+ promis$ at #b ,p4,m4 t day2 hav+1 !re=e1 no opportunity to read ! description = himself 7a ?+ he 0 accu/om$ to d at all times1 :5 inve/igat+ any subject74 ,i read to him ! pap]1 & propos$ to him t if he w\ld plan a cam]a 7a matt] he 0 fully acqua9t$ )1 bo? !oretically & practically71 ,i w\ld obta9 ! mat]ials z specifi$ by ,dagu]re4 ,?is be+ agre$ to1 ,i dep>t$ = ! purpose1 & on my return to 8 %op1 he h&$ me ! sket* ( a cam]a box1 )\t at all expla9+ 9 :at mann] ! l5s 0 to be m\nt$4 ,?is ,i also und]took to procure4 ,aft] #b1 ,p4,m41 he _h m leisure1 :5 he proce$$ to complete ! cam]a1 introduc+ = t purpose a reflector 9 ! back ( ! box1 & also to affix a plate hold] on ! inside1 ) a slide to obta9 ! focus on ! plate1 prep>$ aft] ! mann] ( ,dagu]re4 ,:ile ,mr4 ,wolcott 0 engag$ ) ! cam]a1 ,i busi$ myself 9 poli%+ ! silv] plate1 or r silv] plat$ copp]2 b ere rea*+ ! end prep>atory to iodiz+1 ,i f\nd ,i _h ne>ly or q remov$ ! silv] surface f (f ! plate1 & t be+ ! be/ piece ( sliv]-plat$ copp] to be f\nd1 ! fir/ rem$y at h& t sugge/$ itself1 0 a burni%]1 & a few /rips 7 quickly burni%$ & poli%$4 ,meantime1 ! cam]a be+ f9i%$1 ,mr4 ,wolcott1 aft] read+ = himself ,dagu]re's me?od ( iodiz+1 prep>$ two plates1 & plac+ !m 9 ! cam]a1 guess$ at ! requir$ "t !y %\ld rema9 expos$ to ! action ( ! light2 aft] m]curializ+ ea* 9 turn1 & remov+ ! iodiz$ surface ) a solution ( common salt two successful impressions 7 obta9$1 ea* unlike ! o!r6 ,consid]able surprise 0 excit$ by ?is result1 = ea* plate 0 manag$ precisely l ! o!r4 ,on ref]r+ to ,dagu]re1 no explanation 0 f\nd = ?is /range result2 "t1 h[ev]1 reveal$ to u t "o picture 0 positive1 & ! o!r negative4 ,on ?is subject ,i %all h mu* to say dur+ ! progress ( ! "w4 ,inve/igat+1 ! cause ( ?is diff]5ce occupi$ ! rema9d] ( t day4 ,h[ev]1 ano!r attempt 0 agre$ ^u1 & ! in/rum5ts1 plates1 etc41 prep>$ & tak5 up into an attic room1 9 a position mo/ favorable = light4 ,hav+ duly arrang$ ! cam]a1 ,i sat = five m9utes1 & ! result 0 a pr(ile m9iature 7a m9iature 9 reality17 or a plate n q ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* squ>e4 ,?us1 ) mu* delib]ation & /udy1 pass$ ! fir/ day 9 ,dagu]reotype--little dream+ or kn[+ into :at a labyr9? su* a beg9n+ 0 ha/5+ u4 ,description ( app>atus repres5t$ on pages #aib & #aii3 ,a4--,! ,box--ab\t #d in*es long by ab\t #b outside diamet]4 ,b4--,! ,reflector sold]$ to a brass screw1 & m\nt$ 9 ! re> ( ! box4 c4--,! slide to regulate ! focus to ! plate hold]4 d4--,! /&>d to ! plate hold] screw$ to ! slide4 f4--,! plate-hold] frame hav+ two small l$ges1 99 991 = ! plate to re/ ^u4 #aib g4--,! plate re/+ ^u ! l$ge41 99 991 & kept aga9/ ! frame by ! spr+ h4 ,! plates us$ 7 ab\t #c_/h ( an in* squ>e4 ,a4--,! w9d[ ) ! sa%es remov$4 ,b & ,c 7p4 #aii7 are l>ge look+-glasses m\nt$ z pla9 reflectors1 ! l[] "o ,c hav+ rot>y motion ^u ! saddle1 re/+ ^u ! sill ( ! w9d[ 9 ord] to direct ! rays ( ! sun ^u ! reflector ,b1 at any h\r ( ! day--! v]tical motion ( ! reflector ,c be+ necess>y1 ! sun v>y+ 9 altitude s mu* dur+ ! h\rs mo/ favorable to ! production ( portraits4 ,! reflector ,c 0 #aic kept up to ! requir$ position by ! h&le lev]1 upright po/ & bolts4 ,reflector ,b 0 h+$ at its upp] end at ! top ( ! w9d[ frame1 ! only motion be+ necess>y 0 t :i* w\ld reflect ^u ! sitt] ! incid5t rays f reflector ,c--! reflector ,b be+ kept at ! requir$ angle by ! connect+ lev] m1 etc4 ,suitable back-gr\nds 7 plac$ beh9d ! sitt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab ,! reflector ,b & ,c1 _h frequ5tly to be r5ew$1 ! heat ( ! sun soon de/roy+ _! brilliance or p[] ( reflect+1 light1 be=e r5ew+ !m1 h[ev]1 we resort$ to ! spr++ ( !m1 by :i* means _! p[] 0 increas$ = a p]iod4 ,! cam]a or reflect+ app>atus1 inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,wolcott1 01 f ! nature ( ! case1 bett] adapt$ at t day to ! tak+ ( portraits f life1 ?an any o!r in/rum5ts4 ,aft] c>efully exam9+ ! cam]a describ$ by ,dagu]re1 & ! "t /at$ z necess>y to produce action = an image1 x became evid5t to ! m9d ( ,mr4 ,wolcott at once1 t m light c\ld be obta9$ 7z ! field ( view requir$ 0 n l>ge7 by employ+ a reflector ( %ort focus & wide ap]ture1 ?an f a l5s arrangem5t1 ow+ to sph]ical ab]ration & o!r causes4 ,_m exp]im5ts hav+ be5 tri$ ) ! small in/rum5t figur$ 7p4 #aii71 a reflector = tak+ portraits f life 0 det]m9$ on1 hav+ eight in*es diamet]1 ) twelve in*es focal di/ance = p>allel rays2 ?is 0 to admit plates ( two in*es wide by two & a half long ,mr4 ,wolcott hav+ on h& reflectors ( ! "r diamet]1 = ,newtonian telescopes1 ( eight feet focal di/ance1 resolv$ 7z x 0 a matt] ( exp]im5t7 to gr9d d[n or increase ! curve = ! focal di/ance be=e nam$--?is requir$ "t4 ,9 ! mean "t1 _m plans 7 pursu$ = mak+ good plates1 & ! means ( f9i%+1 !m4 ,z ! completion ( ! l>ge reflector drew to a close1 our mutual fri5d1 ,h5ry ,fitz1 ,jr41 return$ f ,engl&1 :i!r he _h be5 on a visit1 & :5 he he>d :at we 7 ab\t1 k9dly (f]$ 8 assi/ance2 he be+ well v]s$ 9 optics1 & hav+ be5 be=e engag$ ) ,mr4 ,wolcott1 9 t & o!r bus9ess is (f] 0 gladly accept$--,mr4 ,wolcott himself hav+ frequ5t engagem5t2 to fill z op]ator 9 ! details ( me*anical d5ti/ry4 ,?us1 by ! aid ( ,mr4 ,fitz1 ! reflector 0 poli%$1 & exp]im5ts soon aft] tri$ on plates ( two by t[ & a half in*es1 ) tol]able success4 ,illness on my "p q susp5d$ fur!r trial = ne>ly f\r weeks4 ,on my recov]y1 e>ly 9 ,janu>y1 #ahdj1 our exp]im5ts 7 aga9 resum$ ) improv$ results1 s mu* s z to induce ,mr4 ,wolcott & myself to ent]ta9 s]i\s ?\ghts ( mak+ a bus9ess ( ! tak+ ( lik5esses f life1 int5d+ to use ! reflect+ app>atus inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,wolcott1 & = :i* he obta9$ ,lett]s ,pat5t1 on ! #h? day ( ,may1 #ahdj4 ,up to ,janu>y #a/1 #ahdj1 all exp]im5ts _h be5 tri$ on an economical scale1 & ! app>atus !n made1 0 unfit = public exhibition2 we resolv$ to make ! in/rum5ts z p]fect z possible :ile !y 7 9 progress ( manufacture4 ,exp]im5ts 7 made ^u m$iums = protect+ ! eyes f ! direct light ( ! sun1 & also ^u ! be/ =m & mat]ial = a back-gr\nd to ! lik5esses4 ,! l5g? ( "t requir$ = a 8sitt+10 ev5 ) ! reflect+ app>atus1 0 su* z to r5d] ! op]ation any?+ b pleasant4 ,exp$i5ts 7 ev] ready 9 ! h&s ( ,wolcott3 blue glass 0 tri$ & ab&on$ 9 consequ5ce ( be+1 at t "t1 unable to procure a piece ( uni=m d5sity & surface3 aft]w>ds a s]ies ( ?9 musl9 scre5s secur$ to wire frames 7 prep>$ z a sub/itute = blue glass4 ,! objections to ^! scre5s1 h[ev]1 7 s]i\s1 inasmu* z a multiplication ( !m became necess>y to less5 ! int5sity ( ! light suffici5tly = due protection to ! eyes1 )\t :i*1 ! lik5esses1 o!r ?an pr(iles1 7 v unpleasant to look ^u4 ,mo/ ( ! portraits1 !n ( necessity 7 pr(iles =m$ ^u back-gr\nds1 ! light] p>ts reliev$ ^u black1 & ! d>k] p>ts ^u light gr\nd2 ! back-gr\nd prop] be+ ( light color$ mat]ial ) black velvet s dispos$ ^u ! light gr\nd1 ?is be+ plac$ suffici5tly f> f ! sitt]1 to produce h>mony ( effect :5 view$ 9 ! field ( ! cam]a4 ,o!r difficulties pres5t$ !mselves s]i\sly to ! work+ ( ! discov]y ( ,dagu]re1 to portrait tak+--"o ( :i* 0 ! necessity = a con/ant & ne>ly horizontal light1 t ! %ad$ portions ( ! portrait %\ld n be too h>d1 & yet1 at ! same "t1 be suffici5tly well develop$ )\t ! 8high light0 ( ! picture becom+ ov]done1 sol>iz$ or de/roy$4 ,9 almo/ all ! e>ly specim5s ( ! ,dagu]reotype1 extremes ( light & %ade pres5t$ !mselves1 mu* to ! annoyance ( ! e>ly op]ators1 & s]i\sly objectionable 7 su* portraits4 ,to ov]come ?is difficulty1 ,mr4 ,wolcott m\nt$1 ) suitable jo9ts1 ^u ! top ( 8 cam]a1 a l>ge look+-glass or plane reflector1 9 su* a mann] t ! light ( ! sun 7z a /rong light 0 absolutely necess>y71 :5 fall+ ^u ! glass c\ld be direct$ ^u ! p]son 9 an almo/ horizontal direction4 ,e>ly 9 ,febru>y1 #ahdj1 ,mr4 ,johnson1 ,s541 7s9ce deceas$7 sail$ = ,europe ) a few specim5 lik5esses tak5 ) ! in/rum5ts complet$ z above1 ) ! int5tion ( pat5t+ ! inv5tion4 ,on 8 arrival a jo9t arrangem5t 0 effect$ ) ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,be>d1 ( ,london1 9 pat5t+ & work+ ! inv5tion 9 ,engl&4 ,up to ,febru>y1 #ahdj1 b few fri5ds _h be5 made acqua9t$ ) ! progress ( ! art 9 ! h&s ( ,mr4 ,wolcott & myself4 ,f "t to "t reports rea*$ u f v>i\s s\rces ( ! success ( o!rs1 & specim5s ( l&scapes1 etc41 7 exhibit$ at ,dr4 ,james ,r4 ,*ilton's laboratory1 9 ,broadway1 mu* to ! gratification ( ! num]\s visitors & anxi\s expectants = ?is mo/ wond]ful discov]y4 ,dr4 ,*ilton1 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,j4 ,mapes1 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,w4 ,drap]4 ,pr(essor ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,morse1 all ( ?is city2 ,mr4 ,cornelius1 ,dr4 ,godd>d & o!rs ( ,philadelphia2 ,mr4 ,s\?wor?1 ,pr(essor ,plumbe1 & num]\s o!rs 7 e>ly 9 ! field2 all1 h[ev]1 us+ ! same description ( cam]a z t ( ,dagu]re1 ) modification = light1 ei!r by enl>gem5t by l5s & ap]ture = light1 or by %ort5+ ! focal di/ance4 ,at a conv]sational meet+ ( ! ,me*anics' ,in/itute1 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,j4 ,mapes be+ pres5t1 a "q 0 ask$ if any "o pres5t c\ld give in=mation relative to portraiture f life by ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,mr4 ,kells1 a fri5d ( ,mr4 ,wolcott & a sci5tific & practical man 7s9ce deceas$71 at once m>k$ out ^u ! black-bo>d1 ! :ole z contriv$ by ,mr4 ,wolcott4 ,?is gave publicity to ! inv5tion ( ,mr4 ,wolcott4 ,%ortly aft]1 ,pr(essor ,mapes1 ,dr4 ,*ilton1 & _m o!rs1 sat = _! portraits1 & 7 highly gratifi$4 ,pr(essor ,morse also came & propos$ to ,mr4 ,wolcott to jo9 him 9 ! work+ ( ! inv5tion1 etc4 ,f ?is "t mu* int]e/ 0 manife/$ by our fri5ds 9 our progress4 ,rooms 7 obta9$ 9 ! ,granite ,build+s1 corn] ( ,broadway & ,*amb]s /reet1 & fitt$ = bus9ess4 ,! rooms be+ small1 x 0 soon f\nd impracticable to use ! arrangem5t ( look+-glass1 z previ\sly spok5 (2 a new plan became necess>y1 to introduce :i*1 ! sa%es 7 remov$1 #aii & two l>ge look+-glasses 7 m\nt$ 9 prop] frames1 ?us3-- ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac ,j 9 front1 & betwe5 ! sitt] & #bjj ! reflector1 ^u a prop] /&1 7 us$ ^? pap] musl9 scre5 be=e describ$2 also scre5s ( tissue pap]4 ,^! scre5s1 h[ev]1 :5 !y 7 us$1 requir$ s mu* "t = a sitt+1 t "s o!r m$ium1 z a protection to ! eyes1 became absolutely necess>y4 ,! mo/ plausible ?+ t sugge/$ itself 0 blue glass2 b1 z ?is c\ld n be f\nd1 num]\s 7 ! exp$i5ts propos$ by ! fri5ds ( ! art1 :o f "t to "t visit$ our rooms4 ,at ! sugge/ion ( ,pr(essor ,mapes 7:o is ev] ready to assi/ ^? 9 p]plexity71 a tr\gh ( plate glass s1 ab\t tw5ty-eight in*es squ>e 9 ! cle>1 & f ?ree to f\r in*es ?ick1 0 fill$ ) a solution ( ammonia sulphate ( copp]1 & m\nt$ on ! frame z 9 ! sket*1 :i*1 = a "t1 answ]$ extremely well2 soon1 h[ev]1 decomposition ( ?is solution became app>5t f ! increas$ l5g? ( "t requir$ = a sitt+1 al?\gh to ! eye ( an obs]v]1 no visible cause = su* long sitt+s c\ld be po9t$ out4 ,pr(essor ,mapes be+ appeal$ to1 sugge/$ t to ! above solution a little acid be add$ :i* act$ l a *>m--%ort5+ ! "t = a sitt+ f six1 eight1 or t5 m9utes to t ( ab\t "o4 ,decomposition1 h[ev]1 w\ld g on by ! action ( light & heat ?r\gh ! solution4 ,new solutions 7 tri$1 :5 ! :ole 7 f9ally ab&on$ z be+1 too unc]ta9 & tr\blesome4 7,! reflect+ app>atus ,r1 0 plac$ ^u ! /& z 9 ! sket*1 ) a w$ge = elevat+ ! cam]a1 betwe5 x & ! table1 to obta9 ! image prop]ly ^u ! plate47 ,a quantity ( blue w9d[ glass 0 next obta9$1 & holes drill$ ?r\gh ! corn]s ( x1 & sev]al %eets 7 wir$ toge!r to increase ! size1 &1 :5 complete1 0 susp5d$ f ! ceil+ 9 its prop] place1 & s arrang$ t :5 a p]son 0 sitt+1 ?is %eet ( glass c\ld be mov$ to & f1 ! object ( :i* 0 to prev5t %ad[s on ! face ( ! sitt] produc$ f ! unev5 surface ( ! glass4 ,?is latt] contrivance 0 us$ until a p]fect plate ( glass 0 procur$4 ,! numb] ( p]sons desir\s ( obta9+1 _! m9iatures1 induc$ _m to ent]ta9 ! idea ( e/abli%+ !mselves 9 ! ,art z a pr(ession1 & num]\s 7 ! applications = in=mation2 _m p]sons pay+ = _! portraits solely ) ! view ( see+ ! mann] ( our manipulations1 9 ord] t !y might obta9 in=mation to c>ry on lik5ess-tak+ z a bus9ess4 ,! reflect+ cam]a be+ a v tr\blesome in/rum5t to make1 & difficulties besett+ u f e s\rce1 b little att5tion c\ld be giv5 to tea*+ o!rs2 &1 inde$1 z ! facts seem$ to be at ?is "t1 we knew b little ( ! necess>y manipulations ourselves4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 sev]al e/abli%$ !mselves4 ,! fir/ "o1 aft] ourselves1 :o work$ ! discov]y ( ,dagu]re = portrait tak+ 9 ?is city1 0 a ,mr4 ,pros*2 foll[$ soon aft] by _m o!rs1 9 almo/ all cases copy+ ! reflect+ arrangem5t = light1 z figur$ above1 _m us+ x ev5 aft] we _h long ab&on$ t arrangem5t = a bett] "o4 ,innum]able ob/acles to ! rapid advance ( ! dagu]reotype1 pres5t$ !mselves almo/ h\rly1 mu* to ! annoyance ( ourselves1 & ^? dep5d5t ^u our movem5ts = _! advancem5t4 ,among ! mo/ difficult problems ( ! day1 0 ! procur+ ( good plates4 ,messrs4 ,corduran ,co4 7 among ! fir/ to supply ! trade2 at t e>ly day1 h[ev]1 x 0 a v r>e ?+1 to be able to procure an ev5 p]fect surface1 f ! fact t a pure surface ( silv] c\ld sc>cely be obta9$1 ! manufactur]s deem+ x too mu* tr\ble to prep>e silv] plat$ copp] ) pure silv]--! result 01 t 9 attempt+ to poli% p]fectly su* plat$ metal z c\ld be procur$1 ! plates w\ld become cl\dy1 or color$ 9 spots1 f ! fact ( hav+ m or less alloy1 accord+ z m or less ( ! silv] surface 0 remov$ 9 poli%+ ! plate fit = an impression4 ,to expla9 m cle>ly1 x 0 ! practice ( mo/ silv] plat]s to use an alloy = silv]-plat+4 ,9 ! r$uction ( ! +ot to %eet metal1 anneal+ has to be resort$ to1 & acid pickles to remove oxides1 etc4 ,! numb] ( times ! plat$ metal is expos$ to heat & acid 9 its r$uction to ! requir$ ?ickness1 produces a surface ( pure silv]4 ,! mo/ ( ?is surface is1 h[ev]1 s r\gh z to be ) difficulty poli%$1 )\t 9 places remov+ entirely ?is pellicle ( pure metal1 & expos+ a poli%$ surface ( ! alloy us$ 9 plat+4 ,:5ev] su* metal 0 us$1 v unsightly /a9s or spots frequ5tly disfigur$ ! portraits4 ,! portrait1 or portion ( x1 develop$ ^u ! pure silv]1 be+ mu* light] or :it] ?an t develop$ ^u ! alloy2 x !re=e appe>$ t ! pur] ! silv]1 ! m s5sitive ! plate became4 ,accord+ly1 we direct$ ,messrs4 ,scovills1 ( ,connecticut1 to prep>e a roll ( silv]-plat$ metal1 ) pure silv]2 x =tunately prov$ to be a good article1 b1 un=tunately1 a p\nd ( ?is metal 7e>ly 9 #ahdj7 co/ ! r\nd sum ( #i4 ,l descriptions ( metal1 ! same g5tlem5 w\ld be glad to furni%1 at ?is "t1 = #d4 ,soon aft] ?is1 "s samples ( ,engli% plat$ metal1 ( a v sup]ior quality1 came to our possession1 & reliev$ u f ! toil ( mak+ & plat+ "o plate at a "t1 an exp$i5t we 7 compell$ to resort to1 to comm& mat]ial to meet ! press+ dem&s = portraits4 ,hav+ x n[ 9 our p[] to obta9 good plat$ metal1 a m rapid mode ( poli%+ ?an t recomm5d$ by ,dagu]re 0 attempt$ z foll[s3 ,?is metal 0 cut to ! desir$ size1 & hav+ a pair ( 8h& rolls0 at h&1 ea* plate1 ) its silv]$ side plac$ next to ! highly poli%$ surface ( a /eel die1 0 pass$ & repass$ ?r\gh ! rolls _m times1 by :i* process a v smoo?1 p]fect surface 0 obta9$4 ,! plates 7 !n anneal$1 & a numb] ( plates ?us prep>$ 7 fa/5$ to ! bottom ( a box a few in*es deep a foot wide1 & eighte5 in*es long2 ?is box 0 plac$ ^u a table & atta*$ to a rod connect$ to ! face plate ( a la!1 a few in*es f its c5tre1 s z to give ! box a reciprocat+ motion4 ,a quantity ( em]y 0 n[ /rewn ov] ! plates1 & ! la! set 9 motion4 ,! action produc$ wag a friction or rubb+ ( ! em]y ov] ! surface ( ! plates4 ,:5 cont9u$ = "s "t1 a greyi% poli% 0 ! result4 ,l9se$1 :5 us$ 9 ! same mann]1 gave u bett] hope ( success1 & ! next /ep resort$ to 0 to build a :eel & susp5d x aft] ! mann] ( a gr9d/one4 ,! plates be+ secur$ to ! inn] side ( ! :eel or case1 & z ?is case revolv$1 ! se$s w\ld con/antly keep to ! l[] level1 & _! slid+ ov] ! surface ( ! plates w\ld poli% or burni% _! surfaces4 ,?is1 ) ! =m]1 0 soon ab&on$2 r\nd$ %ots ( silv] plac$ 9 ! same :eel 7 f\nd n to p]=m ! poli%+ s well z l9se$4 ,buff-:eels ( lea!r ) rott5-/one & oil1 prov$ to be f> sup]ior to all o!r contrivances2 &1 subsequ5tly1 at ! sugge/ion ( ,pr(essor ,drap]1 velvet 0 us$ 9 lieu ( buff lea!r1 & soon sup]s$$ all o!r sub/ances1 bo? = la! & h&-buffs1 & ,i w\ld add1 = ! b5efit ( new beg9n]s t ^? :o are famili> ) its use1 pref] cotton velvet4 ,! only requisite necess>y is1 t ! buffs made ( cotton velvet %\ld be kept dry & w>m4 ,! great] numb] ( op]ators1 ) ^: practice ,i am famili>1 use1 = poli%+ plates1 prep>$ tripoli1 import$ f ,france1 or ,br[ne's rott5-/one4 ,! =m] ( ^! articles is v objectionable1 inasmu* z !re is no positive c]ta9ty ( be+ enabl$ to procure or make ! article ( uni=m grit--! nature ( ! sub/ance r5d]+1 x impossible to r$uce x to v>y+ degrees ( ev5ness1 by ! well kn[n process ( wa%+1 = t purpose1 & ! burn+ ( rott5-/one *anges its *emical nature some:at1 at ! same "t r5d]+1 ?is invaluable article h>% & gritty4 ,& especially1 no reliance c be plac$ ^u burn$ rott5 /one if pur*as$ f ^? :o d n give v great att5tion & c>e to its prep>ation2 & ! same rem>ks apply to r\ge4 ,! be/ article = poli%+ ,dagu]reotype plates is rott5-/one1 su* z c be procur$ 9 any t[n1 prep>$ aft] ! foll[+ mann]3 ,procure1 say half a doz5 wide-m\!d bottles1 ( suitable dim5sions1 numb]+ ea* f "o to six4 ,put into ,no4 #a ab\t half a p\nd ( rott5-/one1 & ne>ly fill ! bottle ) wat]4 ,!n1 ) a prop] /ick or spatule1 mix well ! rott5-/one & wat]2 aft] :i*1 let ,no4 #a re/ =1 say "o m9ute1 !n c>efully p\r (f into bottle ,no4 #b 7or1 :at w\ld be bett]1 draw (f by a syphon7 z mu* ( ! float+ p>ticles ( rott5-/one z is susp5d$ 9 ! wat]4 ,aga9 fill bottle ,no4 #a ) wat]1 agitate x z be=e1 & decant x to bottle ,no4 #b1 c>e be+ tak5 to draw (f only ! susp5d$ p>ticles ( rott5-/one4 ,:5 a suffici5t quantity ( wa%+s f bottle ,no4 #a is collect$ into bottle ,no4 #b1 a simil> process mu/ be gone ?r\gh1 z above /at$1 = ,no4 #a2 ! diff]5ce be+ 9 ! c>e requir$1 & 9 ! "t all[$ betwe5 ! /irr+ or mix+ ! rott5-/one & wat]4 ,! float+ p>ticles ( rott5-/one1 aft] f\r m9utes' subsid+1 w be f\nd f9e en\gh = ! f9e/ ,dagu]reotype poli%+ requir$4 ,a quantity ( su* wa%+s may be collect$ 9 a l>ge bottle1 & all[$ to /& a few h\rs1 :5 all ! rott5-/one w h settl$4 ,! wat] may be p\r$ (f & ! rott5-/one put into an evaporat+ di%1 & :ile be+ dri$1 mu/ be con/antly /irr$ to obta9 an impalpable p[d]4 ,fur!r wa%+s may 9 l mann] be resort$ to = f9] qualities ( rott5-/one4 ,9 my practice1 ,i h us$ ! articles at two & f\r m9utes' settl+1 & occasionally h prep>$ x aft] /&+ = eight m9utes4 ,s f9e a quality z ?is1 h[ev]1 is seldom requir$4 ,9 us+1 rott5-/one1 ,i mix ) x1 = poli%+1 f9e olive oil1 until ,i obta9 a ?9 pa/e--& ! be/ ( all me?ods = poli%+ 7well plani%$7 ,dagu]reotype plates1 is "o l t us$ = glass by l5s poli%]s2 t is1 by us+ a disc or buff-:eel1 & hav+1 a suitable hold] by :i* to secure ! plate1 & !n by press+ ! plate aga9/ ! revolv+ buff1 well saturat$ ) ! mix$ oil & rott5-/one1 a v good surface is obta9$4 ,a quantity ( plates may be prep>$ 9 ?is way1 & all ! adh]+ oil1 etc41 may be remov$ by a clean h&1 or la! buff1 aft] :i* ea* plate mu/ be heat$ to ! po9t necess>y to burn (f ! rema9+ oil great c>e be+ requir$ n to ov]heat ! plate4 ,a v slight excess ( temp]ature w at once de/roy all ! poli% previ\sly obta9$4 ,! te/ = asc]ta9+ ! "r temp]ature is at h&2 ! adh]+ oil w be driv5 f ! plate 9 ! =m ( smoke :5 ! "r temp]ature is rea*$4 ,! mom5t ! smoke ceases to rise f ! plate1 ! heat mu/ be remov$1 & ! plate quickly cool$ ^u a piece ( iron4 ,a quantity ( plates ?us prep>$ may be kept on h& = any requir$ "t1 & ! labor ( "o m9ute1 ) a la! or h&-buff ) dry *>coal1 or r1 prep>$ lampblack1 w p]fectly poli% ! surface ready = index+1 etc4 ,?is lampblack also requires "s c>e 9 prep>+4 ,take a small-size crucible1 prop]ly temp] x by a sl[ fire1 t x may n be crack$ aft] :i*1 fill x ) common lampblack1 cov] x ov] ) a piece ( soap-/one1 & aga9 replace x 9 ! fire4 ,build a good h>d coal fire ar\nd x cont9ue ! heat = two or ?ree h\rs1 be+ c>eful n to raise ! cov] till ! crucible be q cold4 ,pulv]ize :5 us+ x4 ,x is v desirable to keep ?is lampblack dry & w>m4 ,"s op]ators use mu* r\ge ,i w\ld recomm5d ! above 9 pref]5ce2 b ^? :o feel t !y _c disp5se ) ! use ( r\ge1 _h bett] try a l>ge addition ( prep>$ lampblack to a small "o ( r\ge1 z ?is latt] article1 unless great pa9s be tak5 9 its prep>ation1 w adh]e & "w itself into ! body ( ! surface1 s t x _c be remov$ !refrom2 & ,i h se5 _m specim5s ( ,dagu]reotype v mu* injur$ 9 effect f ?is r\ge t9t dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t _! %ad$ features1 at ! same "t t ! :ole g5]al effect ( su* pictures is t ( a want ( life4 ,x is true t ) ! use ( r\ge a v high degree ( poli% may be obta9$1 b probably n high] ?an c be produc$ ) _m o!r sub/ances ( a less objectionable nature4 ,f ! ann\ncem5t ( ! discov]y by ,dagu]re to ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #ahdj1 ,i am n aw>e ( any attempt to less5 ! "t = ! action ( an image1 or an impression1 o!r ?an t ( ! reflect+ cam]a inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,wolcott4 ,e>ly1 h[ev]1 9 #ahdj1 ,mr4 ,wolcott 0 desir\s to be enabl$ to fur!r %ort5 ! "t = a sitt+1 & hav+ "s k ( brom9e & its action1 by reque/1 ,dr4 ,*ilton prep>$ a small quantity2 b ,mr4 ,wolcott did n succe$ v well ) x1 he hav+ inv>iably us$ too mu* 9 comb9ation ) iod9e to produce t s5sitive coat+ n[ well kn[n to ! pr(ession4 ,pr(essor ,morse1 ( ?is city1 ,dr4 ,godd>d1 ( ,philadelphia1 & o!rs1 9 ! ye>s #ahdj & #ahda1 7 acqua9t$ ) ! use ( brom9e4 ,n4 ,griff+1 ( ?is city1 or myself1 us$ ) tol]able success1 iod9e 9 l>ge excess to nitric acid & wat]2 &1 subsequ5tly1 to nitro muriatic acid 7:i* react$ & =m$ a peculi> *loride ( iod9e72 ?is latt] comb9ation prov$ to be pref]able to simple iod9e1 at ! same "t some:at m s5sitive1 & 0 us$ by me 9 ?is city up to ! "t ( my leav+ = ,london 7,octob] #a1 #ahdj74 ,on arriv+ 9 ,london1 ,i in/itut$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 ! v>i\s *emical comb9ations1 solely ) ! view to be enabl$ to obta9 m spe$ily a portrait ?an x 0 practicable to d ) any kn[n *emicals at t date4 ,! high latitude1 & ! w9t] season ( ! ye> r5d]+ b a feeble light at be/1 ! great] ! necessity = a m s5sitive *emical prep>ation to ! %ort5+ ! "t = a sitt+4 ,ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #ahda1 ,i discov]$ & practically appli$1 *loride ( iod9e to great advantage1 &1 z f> z memory s]ves me1 ,i believe ! fir/ us$ 9 ?is c\ntry 0 "s made & %ipp$1 ,messrs4 ,h>nd5 ,co41 f ,london1 to ,mr4 ,wolcott1 9 ,new ,york4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ,mr4 ,john ,godd>d1 ( ,london 7:o 0 associat$ ) myself71 discov]$ a r valuable comb9ation ( *emicals1 consi/+ ( a mixture ( iod9e1 brom9e1 iodus1 & iodic acid1 & a prop] comb9ation ( ^? bodies gave an action some:at m s5sitive ?an *loride ( iod9e--b ! 8high lights0 ( ! portraits w\ld become sol>iz$ or ov]done1 m frequ5tly ) ?is comb9ation ?an ) ! *loride ( iod9e4 ,?r\gh\t ! ye> #ahda1 ,i us$1 ) great success1 *loride ( iod9e1 appli$ z "o coat+--occasionally 9 conjunction ) ,mr4 ,wolcott1 attempt+ ! use ( iod9e1 brom9e1 & *lor9e1 & at times ) m or less success4 ,! difficulty ( exactly comb9+1 ! ?ree elem5ts above m5tion$1 9 ord] to produce a c]ta9ty ( result ) h>mony ( effect1 0 ! "w ( _m mon?s1 ) great labor & /udy1 ! slighte/ modification requir+ a long1 s]ies ( practical exp]im5ts1 a s+le *ange consum+1 frequ5tly1 an entire day 9 in/itut+ comp>isons1 etc41 etc4 ,e>ly 9 ! ye>1 #ahdb1 ,i discov]$ a comb9ation ( *emicals 7n[ kn[n 9 ,london z 8,wolcott's ,mixture10 9 h]metically seal$ bulbs7 ( exce$+ uni=m "*1 v s5sitive to ! action ( light1 & specim5s produc$ 9 #ahdb-c1 ) ?is comb9ation1 w be> comp>ison ) ! be/ specim5s produc$ at ?is late date4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ,i discov]$ t h[ev] mu* ov]done a ,dagu]reotype might be1 ! means 7 at h& to save or r$eem x4 ,x has long1 s9ce be5 kn[n to op]ators1 t if a plate be expos$ to light aft] be+ coat$1 unless x be aga9 coat$1 a cle> & di/9ct picture c\ld n be obta9$ ^u ! same plate )\t fir/ repoli%+ & recoat+ ! same1 c>e be+ tak5 t no light fall ^u ! prep>$ surface4 ,to prev5t sol>ization1 coat a plate z usual1 expose to ! action ( light any requir$ "t 7accord+ to circum/ances71 say f qu>t] to "o half m "t ?an w\ld be requir$ 9 ! ord9>y me?od ( proc$ure2 obs]ve1 be=e putt+ ! plate 9 ! m]cury box1 place x ov] ! vapor ( iod9e1 brom9e1 or *lor9e1 etc4 7c>efully exclud+ ! light71 = a v brief p]iod1 great c>e be+ requir$ to h ! select$ vapor v mu* dilut$ ) air1 9 ord] to success4 ,_m exp]im5ts w be requir$ ere arriv+ at satisfactory results4 ,specim5s n[ unkn[n to g5]al op]ators1 = h>mony ( effect1 h be51 & may aga9 be produc$ by ! me?od po9t$ out above4 ,i h f\nd ! be/ g5]al effect1 & ! mo/ c]ta9 result to foll[ f ! use ( ! vapor ( *lor9e--b ?is requires m ?an ord9>y c>e4 ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 recomm5d ! use ( iod9e4 ,?us3 to a few gra9s ( iod9e1 add an ounce ( w>m wat] 7:i* w become t+$ ) iod9e72 :5 cold1 to half a p9t ( pure wat] 9 a new & clean coat+ box1 put1 ( ! above1 fifty drops2 /ir & mix well ?is small quantity ( iod9e 9 ) ! wat]2 9 t5 m9utes ?is box w be ready = use4 ,great c>e & judgm5t w be requir$ 9 ! application ( ?is vapor to ! plate2 if ! plate rema9 ov] ! vapor too long1 ! develop$ picture w h a fa9t & mi/y appe>ance2 if n expos$ long en\gh1 ! 8high light0 w be sol>iz$4 ,i h great hope ( ! ultimate use ( ?is process1 z x is ! only means yet discov]$ to be enabl$ to secure specim5s ( extremes ( light & %ade1 yet produc+ h>mony ( effect2 & ,i w\ld call ! att5tion ( ! pr(ession to ! fact1 t a plate may be expos$ to ! action ( light = any l5g? ( "t 7a ?\s& times long] ?an requir$ to act = ! less] quantity ( m]cury to deposit itself1 or t am\nt necess>y to =m a p]fect specim571 & be re/or$ by ! application ( any ( ! vapors above m5tion$1 rem>k+ t = extremes = sol>ization1 d5s] vapors w be requir$4 ,mu* rema9s to be done ) ?is discov]y to ! application ( ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,,humphrey',s ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,! ,,dagu]reotype ,,photographic ,,arts4 ,! above-nam$ publication is well kn[n z ! be/ & mo/ valuable "o devot$ to ! ,photographic ,sci5ce 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,humphrey's ,j\rnal made its appe>ance ,novemb] #a/1 #ahej1 & consequ5tly is ! fir/ & olde/ s]ial (f]$ to ! ,photographic _w4 ,! art ( produc+ ,portraits & ,l&scapes by means ( ,light1 has rec5tly tak5 a new & enliv5+ impulse1 :i* w 9 all probability lead to important & int]e/+ results4 ,no practical ,dagu]reotypi/1 ,photograph]1 or amateur1 %\ld be )\t ! means at h& = secur+ all ( ! in=mation ^u ?is subject4 ,ea* %\ld be ready to receive & apply ! improvem5ts z !y may be develop$4 ,9 ord] to accompli% ?is1 x is a matt] ( great importance to ! ,practition] or ,exp]im5t] t he %\ld h a reliable m$ium ?r\gh :i* he c obta9 in=mation4 ,9 :at s\rce c ! inquir] bett] place 8 confid5ce ?an 9 a regul> ,j\rnal1 ^: editor is lit]ally a practical p]son1 & famili> ) ! manipulations necess>y = produc+ ,portraits ^u 8,dagu]reotype ,plates10 & ^u glass & pap]8 ,su* is ! conductor ( ,humphrey's ,j\rnal4 ,?is ,j\rnal is publi%$ once e two weeks1 & conta9s all ! improvem5ts relat+ to ! ,art1 & is ! only ,am]ican ,j\rnal ^: editor is practically acqua9t$ ) ! process = produc+ ,dagu]reotypes1 ,ambrotypes1 & ,photographs4 ,! fir/ ,no4 ( ,vol4 ,x4 is dat$ ,may #a/1 #aheh4 ,! t]ms 7,two ,doll>s p] annum7 are trifl+ comp>$ ) ! va/ am\nt ( in=mation furni%$4 ,,ambrotypes4--,humphrey's ,j\rnal conta9s ev]y?+ novel :i* appe>s ^u ?is subject1 & has already pres5t$ m new1 important1 & orig9al matt] ?an c be f\nd 9 any o!r place4 ,_m are ! lett]s we h receiv$ dur+ ! t]m ( ! la/ volume1 9 :i* ! writ] has /at$ t a s+le numb] ( ,humphrey's ,j\rnal has conta9$ in=mation ( m value to him ?an 8sev]al times ! am\nt paid = ! entire volume40 ,our res\rces h gr[n up ar\nd u1 & our facilities = procur+1 z well z di/ribut+1 all su* facts & improvem5ts z w b5efit z well z in/ruct all :o h ! progress ( ! ,art at he>t1 are z ample z !y c well be made4 ,! future volumes w be abundantly furni%$ ) orig9al writ+s f p]sons ( /&+ 9 ! sci5tific _w2 & ! practical ,photograph] w "h f9d a full acc\nt ( su* improvem5ts z may f "t to "t develop !mselves4 ,f ! editor's long practical exp]i5ce 9 ! ,heliographic ,sci5ce1 he w be enabl$ to pres5t ! subject 9 a pla91 cle>1 & concise mann]4 ,read :at ! ,editors say ( ,humphrey's ,j\rnal3-- 8,we h receiv$ a copy ( a valuable ,j\rnal 7,humphrey's7 publi%$ 9 ,new ,york1 :i* has rea*$ ! #ah? numb] ( ,vol4 ,,vi4444 ,we n[ h ! pleasure ( quot+ f our trans-atlantic coadjutor40--,liv]pool ,photographic ,j\r4 8,humphrey's ,j\rnal is practical z well z sci5tific 9 "*40--,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts4 8,x treats ! subject kn[+ly & ) =ce40--,new ,york ,tribune4 8,x is bo? a popul> & int]e/+ publication40--,me*anics' ,magaz9e4 8,x is highly useful to all :o practice #8%ad[ cat*+4'0--,ohio ,/ate ,j\rnal4 8,! "w is neatly gott5 up1 & conta9s _m int]e/+ v>ieties 9 ?is new field ( sci5ce40--,times4 8,x %\ld be hail$ & enc\rag$1 n only by ,dagu]reotypi/s !mselves1 b by e lov] ( ,sci5ce & ,art40--,! ,democrat4 8,we _c too /rongly urge all arti/s1 & ^? p]sons :o feel an int]e/ 9 ! ,heliographic ,arts & ,sci5ces1 to take a copy ( ! "w40--,s5t9el4 8,x is indicative ( tal5t wor?y ( ! important ,art x is design$ to elevate40--,am]ican4 8,?is ,art is entitl$ to its own organ1 :i* c\ld n h fall5 into bett] h&s ?an ^? ( ! editor ( #8,humphrey's ,j\rnal4'0--,transcript4 8,x is a sci5tific "w ( int]e/ & usefulness40--,/> ( ! ,nor?4 8,?is ,j\rnal answ]s _m po9ts h]et(ore reg>d$ z inexplicable40--,hudson ,riv] ,*ronicle4 8,x is ri* ) int]e/40--,nor? ,am]ican4 8,x conta9s all ! #8,improvem5ts4'0--,delta4 8,x tea*es u h[ to take our own portraits40--,bee4 8,x w cultivate a ta/e = ,dagu]reotypes40--,comm]cial ,adv]tis]4 8,x %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( all40--,reveille4 8,x is ! ,dagu]reotypi/'s fri5d40--,london ,news4 8,x %\ld be f\nd 9 e libr>y40--,ev5+ ,j\rnal4 ,f "s ( our ,subscrib]s 8,humphrey's ,j\rnal has be5 ! means ( sav+ mu* "t & money1 = by its in/ruction ,i h be5 enabl$ to produce "s ( ! f9e/ ,pap] ,pictures ,i h ev] se540 ,w4 ,p4 8,don't fail to s5d me ! ,j\rnal1 = ,i w\ld n be )\t x = five times ! am\nt ( subscription4 ,x is ! only publication ,i c dep5d ^u40 ,a4 ,g4 ,r4 8,y\r treatm5t ( ! humbugs & humbugg+ memb]s ( ! pr(ession1 is ( ! mo/ valuable importance to u practical ,dagu]reans4 ,g on4 ,god spe$6 ,"h is ! am\nt = ! r5ewal ( my subscription40 ,e4 ,f4 ,s4 8,h[ c any ,op]ator af=d to be )\t x80 ,l4 ,l4 ,h4 8,"h are five doll>s3 s5d me ,humphrey's ,j\rnal to ?is am\nt4 ,i w n be )\t x40 ,m4 ,s4 8,x is my be/ fri5d40 ,j4 ,e4 ,w4 ,we might quote l comm5datory extracts en\gh to m ?an t5 times fill ?is page4 ,humphrey's ,j\rnal conta9s #af octavo pages ( read+ matt]4 ,,t]ms4 ,"o copy p] annum1 9 advance 4 4 4 4 4 4 #b #jj ,?ree copies1 d4 d4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #e #jj ,six copies1 d4 d4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #i #jj ,! ?\s&s :o read x _c be induc$ to rema9 )\t x4 ,all :o desire to keep up ) ! improvem5ts %\ld subscribe = a copy4 ,subscription price ,two ,doll>s p] ye>4 ,don't fail to become a subscrib]4 ,address ,s4 ,d4 ,,humphrey ,(fice1 #cg ,lisp5>d ,/reet1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,! ,,practical ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,collodion ,,process4 ,,by ,s4 ,d4 ,,humphrey4 ,,?ird ,,edition ,?is ,edition conta9s all ! ,improvem5ts 9 ! ,art made public up to ! day ( publication1 & gives complete ,practical ,in/ructions = mak+ ,collodion ,positives or ,ambrotypes1 ,collodion ,negatives1 ,pr9t+1 etc41 etc4 ,! quick1 great & unprec$5t$ sale ( ! fir/ & second editions demon/rates1 m ?an ! /ronge/ language c\ld possibly d1 ! extraord9>y & increas+ popul>ity ( ?is "w4 ,! ,?ird ,edition conta9s two hundr$ & sixte5 #abmo4 pages1 ( a l>g] size & 9 small] type ?an ei!r ( ! prec$+ editions1 & is illu/rat$ ) num]\s wood-cuts4 ,x is int5d$ to be ! be/ practical "w extant2 sub/antially b\nd 9 clo?1 price ,"o ,doll>2 =w>d$ by mail 7po/age prepaid74 ,address ,s4 ,d4 ,,humphrey1 ,new ,york ,a ,,guide ,,to ,,photography1 ,conta9+ simple & concise directions = obta9+ ,views1 ,portraits1 etc41 by ! *emical ag5cy ( ,light1 by ,w4 ,h4 ,?orn?waite1 au?or ( 8,photog5ic ,manipulations10 etc4 ,illu/rat$ ) num]\s wood-cuts4 ,! ,book conta9s m ?an "o hundr$ #abmo pages1 b\nd 9 bo>d1 & is sold at tw5ty-five c5ts p] copy1 or five copies = "o doll>4 ,address ,s4 ,d4 ,,humphrey1 ,new ,york ,,holmes1 ,,boo? ,,hayd5s1 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,,dagu]reotype ,,cases1 ,,plates1 ,,cam]as1 ,,matt+s1 ,,pres]v]s1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,,manufactur]s ,,& ,,import]s ,,( ,,e ,,v>iety ,,( ,,ambrotype1 ,,& ,,photographic ,,goods1 ,( ! ,be/ & mo/ approv$ ,quality4 ,,especial ,,att5tion ,,giv5 ,,to ,,! ,,furni%+ ,,( ,,e ,,article ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,! ,,dagu]reotype ,depot #ha ,*amb]s & #fc ,reade ,/41 ,new ,york4 ,manufactory at ,wat]bury1 ,conn4 ,,holmes1 ,,boo? ,,hayd5s' ,,cam]as ,f #a_/d to ! ,mammo? size4 ,^! ,,cam]as are ( ! mo/ sup]ior make1 & all subject$ to ! mo/ ?or\gh te/ be=e be+ (f]$ = sale4 ,,view ,,cam]as1 made expressly = tak+ views3 an entirely new article4 ,,dagu]reotype ,,plates1 ,,( ,,e ,,v>iety1 ,,& ,,we ,,w\ld ,,call ,,p>ticul> ,,att5tion ,,to ,,! ,wrea?1 & ,h4 ,b4 ,h4 ,eagle #dj ,plates1 ,,z ,,hav+ ,,no ,,equals ,,9 ,,! ,,m>ket4 ,,sole ,,ag5ts ,,= ,,! ,,celebrat$ ,h4 ,b4 ,,& ,n4 ,p4 ,,fr5* ,,plates4 ,always on h& a complete assortm5t ( ,ambrotype & ,photographic goods4 ,,sole ,,ag5ts ,,= ,,! ,pat5t solid glass corn] ,plate ,hold]s4 ,all ord]s w receive prompt att5tion1 & be =w>d$ ) dispat*4 ,,holmes1 ,,boo? ,,hayd5s1 #ha ,*amb]s1 & #fc ,reade ,/4 ,new ,york4 ,,scovill ,,manufactur+ ,,co4 ,,manufactur] ,,( ,,dagu]reotype ,,plates1 ,,matt+s1 ,,pres]v]s1 ,,cases1 ,,app>atus1 etc41 etc4 ,import]s & ,deal]s 9 e description ( ,dagu]reotype1 ,photographic1 ,,& ,,ambrotype ,,goods1 ,! ,,scovill ,,manufactur+ ,,company flatt] !mselves t an exp]i5ce ( ne>ly tw5ty ye>s 9 ! bus9ess & ! mo/ ext5sive v>iety ( ! above ,goods 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 entitle !m to ! cont9uance ( ord]s = ! ,dome/ic & ,=eign trade1 :i* w receive ! mo/ c>eful att5tion4 ,p>k ,build+1 ,new ,york4 ,entrances--#cf ,p>k ,r[1 #d ,beekman1 & #ada ,nassau ,/reet4 ,,scovill ,,manufactur+ ,,co4 ,w\ld call especial att5tion to _! l>ge v>iety ( ,,cases1 ,embrac+ _m ,fancy ,/yles made only by !mselves1 & to :i* !y are con/antly add+ ,new ,designs4 ,union ,cases1 ,( all sizes1 ) ,rivet$ ,h+es4 ,,ag5ts ,,= ,,! ,,sale ,,( ,c4 ,c4 ,,h>rison',s ,,cam]as1 ) improvem5ts1 :i* we are n[ prep>$ to sell at r$uc$ prices1 & w>rant$ to give bett] satisfaction ?an ev] be=e ,,dagu]reotype ,,plates1 ,h4 ,b4--,n4 ,p4--,/> & o!r br&s ,,plate ,,glass1 embrac+ ?ree-qu>t]s :ite3 ,cr[n & all o!r v>ieties4 ,we w\ld call p>ticul> att5tion to our ,black ,glass1 made expressly = ,ambrotypes4 ,,*emicals1 = ! ,dagu]reotype & ,photographic ,art4 ,iodiz$ & ,pla9 ,,collodion4 ,gun ,cotton1 etc41 etc4 ,tagliabue's ,collodiometres & ,act9o-,hydrometres1 = te/+ ,*emicals4 ,,app>atus ,,( ,,e ,,v>iety4 ,gutta ,p]*a1 ,porcela91 & ,glassw>e ( all k9ds us$ 9 ! ,art4 ,a l>ge assortm5t ( ,gilt ,frames always on h& & made to ord]4 ,ambrotype ,%ields1 ) solid corn]s ( a new /yle4 ,all ord]s w meet ) prompt att5tion ,,scovill ,,manufactur+ ,,co41 ,,p>k ,,build+m ,new ,york #cf ,p>k ,r[1 #d ,beckman1 & #ada ,nassau ,/reet4 ,,h>dwi*',s ,,photographic ,,*emi/ry ,,am]ican ,,edition4 ,a ,,manual ( ,,photographic ,,*emi/ry1 ,,includ+ ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,! ,,collodion ,,process4 ,,by ,t4 ,,fr$]ick ,,h>dwi*1 ,,lectur] ,,on ,,photography ,,9 ,,k+s ,,college1 ,,london2 ,,late ,,demon/rator ,,( ,,*emi/ry ,,9 ,,k+',s ,,college4 ,la/ ,edition1 ,! above is ! title ( ?is new & valuable "w4 ,x is too well kn[n to ne$ any fur!r comm5t 9 ?is place4 ,?is volume conta9s ne>ly #cjj l>ge duodecimo pages1 b\nd 9 r$ clo?1 #a4jj4 ,copies to be =w>d$ by mail1 #a4ah1 po/age pre-paid4 ,s4 ,d4 ,,humphrey1 ,photographic ,book ,publi%]1 #cg ,,lisp5>d ,,/reet1 ,,new ,,york1 ,n4,b4 ,po/age /amps tak54