,,cambridge ,,univ]sity ,,press ,,london3 ,,b5tley ,,h\se ,,new ,,york4 ,,toronto1 ,,bombay ,,calcutta4 ,,madras3 ,,macmillan ,,tokyo3 ,,m>uz5 ,,company ,,ltd ,all rights res]v$ ,copyright$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica by ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons ,all rights res]v$ ,on ,! ,art ( ,read+ ,by ,sir ,ar?ur ,quill]-,c\* ,,cambridge ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press #aici ,,to ,h4 ,f4 ,s4 & ,h4 ,m4 ,c4 ,fir/ edition #aibj repr9t$ #aibj1aiba ,pocket edition #aibd repr9t$ #aibe1 #aibh1 #aicc1 #aici ,,preface ,! foll[+ twelve lectures h ?is mu* 9 common ) a previ\s twelve publi%$ 9 #aiaf "u ! title ,on ! ,art ( ,writ+--!y =m no compact treatise b pres5t _! c5tral idea z ,i 0 compell$ at ! "t to en=ce x1 amid ! du/ ( skirmi%+ ) oppon5ts & ) practical difficulties4 ,!y cov]--& to "s ext5t1 by reflection1 *ronicle--a p]iod dur+ :i* a few fri5ds1 :o _h an idea & believ$ 9 x1 7 fight+ to e/abli% ! pres5t ,engli% ,tripos at ,cambridge4 ,9 ! end we c>ri$ our proposals )\t a vote3 b ! opposition 0 /iff = a :ile2 & ,i fe>$1 on />t+ to read ov] ^! pages = press1 t !y might be too occasional & disputati\s4 ,i am happy to ?9k t1 on ! :ole1 !y are n2 & t ! read]1 ?\gh he may wond] at its discursiv5ess1 w f9d ! argum5t pretty free f polemic4 ,any "o :o has inh]it$ a libr>y ( #ag? c5tury !ology w agree ) me t1 ( all du/1 ! a%es ( dead controv]sies af=d ! drie/4 ,& aft] all1 & ?\gh x be well wor? :ile to /rive t ! /udy ( ,engli% 7( our own lit]ature1 & ( ! art ( us+ our own language1 9 spee* or 9 writ+1 to ! be/ purpose7 %all take an hon\rable place among ! ,s*ools ( a great ,univ]sity1 t ! o!r fair si/]s ( le>n+ %all ,ope = !e _! que5ly circle 444 x is n 9 our ,univ]sities t ! g5]al r$emption ( ,engli% w be won2 nor ne$ a mi/ake "h or !re1 at ,ox=d or ,cambridge or ,london1 prove fatal4 ,we make our discov]ies ?r\gh our mi/akes3 we wat* "o ano!r's success3 & :]e !re is fre$om to exp]im5t !re is hope to improve4 ,a y\? :o c comm& means to ent] a ,univ]sity c usually comm& "s range 9 *oos+ :i* ,univ]sity x %all be4 ,if ,cambridge _c supply :at he wants1 or if our /&>d ( tra9+ be l[ 9 comp>ison ) t ( ,ox=d1 or ( ,london or ( ,man*e/]1 ! pressure ( neglect w soon recall u to our s5ses4 ,! real battle = ,engli% lies 9 our ,elem5t>y ,s*ools1 & 9 ! tra9+ ( our ,elem5t>y ,tea*]s4 ,x is !re t ! f\ndations ( a s\nd national tea*+ 9 ,engli% w h to be laid1 z x is !re t a wrong tr5d w lead to incurable issues4 ,= ! poor *ild has no *oice ( ,s*ools1 & ! elem5t>y tea*]1 :atev] 8 individual gifts1 w "w "u a yoke impos$ ^u him by ,:itehall4 ,i dev\tly tru/ t ,:itehall w make ! yoke easy & adaptable :ile insi/+ t ! *>iot mu/ be drawn4 ,i =esee1 !n1 ^! lectures condemn$ z ! utt]ances ( a man :o1 occupy+ a ,*air1 has contriv$ to fall betwixt two /ools4 ,my ?\ghts h too (t5 /ray$ f my audi5ce 9 a ,univ]sity !atre away to remote rural class-rooms :]e ! hungry %eep look up & are n f$2 to pite\s gr\ps ( ur*9s /&+ at att5tion & *ant+ ,! ,wreck ( ! ,hesp]us 9 unison4 ,yet to ^!1 be+ ti$ to ! place & ! occasion1 ,i h br\ght no real help4 ,a man has to p]=m 8 task z x comes4 ,b ,i mu/ say ?is 9 conclusion4 ,c\ld ,i wipe ^! lectures out & re-write !m 9 hope to b5efit my c\ntrym5 9 g5]al1 ,i %\ld beg9 & end ^u ! text to be f\nd 9 ! twelf? & la/--t a lib]al education is n an app5dage to be pur*as$ by a few3 t ,humanism is1 r1 a quality :i* c1 & %\ld1 condition all our tea*+2 :i* c1 & %\ld1 be impress$ z a "* ^u x all1 f a poor *ild's fir/ lesson 9 read+ up to a tutor's la/ ^w to 8 pupil on ! eve ( a ,tripos4 ,,ar?ur ,,quill]-,,c\* ,july #g1 #aibj4 ,,cont5ts ,,lecture ,i ,,introductory ,,ii ,,appreh5sion ,,v]sus ,,compreh5sion ,,iii ,,*ildr5',s ,,read+ 7,i7 ,,iv 7,,ii7 ,v ,,on ,,read+ ,,= ,,exam9ations ,,vi ,,on ,a ,,s*ool ,,( ,,engli% ,,vii ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,greek ,,& ,,lat9 ,,9 ,,engli% ,,lit]ature ,,viii ,,on ,,read+ ,,! ,,bible 7,i7 ,,ix 7,,ii7 ,x 7,,iii7 ,,xi ,,( ,,selection ,,xi ,,on ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,ma/]pieces ,,index ,,lecture ,i ,,introductory ,,w$nesday1 ,,octob] #be1 #aiaf ,i ,9 ! ?ird book ( ! ,e?ics1 & 9 ! second *apt]1 ,ari/otle1 deal+ ) c]ta9 actions :i*1 ?\gh bad 9 !mselves1 admit ( pity & =giv5ess because !y 7 committ$ involunt>ily1 ?r\gh ignorance1 in/ances '! man :o did n "k a subject 0 =bidd51 l ,aes*ylus ) ! ,my/]ies1' & '! man :o only meant to %[ h[ x work$1 l ! fell[ :o let (f ! catapult' 7,greek3 e deixai ,b\lemos aphe9ai1 os o ton katapelt574 ,i feel com=tably sure1 ,g5tlem51 t 9 a previ\s c\rse ( lectures ,on ! ,art ( ,writ+1 unlike ,aes*ylus1 ,i divulg$ no my/]ies3 b ,i am tr\bl$ ) speculations ov] t man & ! catapult1 because ,i really 0 try+ to tell y h[ ! ?+ work$2 & ,ari/otle1 ) a retic5ce :i* 7z ,horace aft]w>ds not$7 may l5d itself to obscurity1 tells u nei!r :at happ5$ to t expon5t ( balli/ics1 nor to ! eng9e itself1 nor to ! o!r p]son4 ,my dis*>ge1 su* z x 01 at any rate provok$ ano!r ,pr(essor 7em]itus1 le>n$1 sagaci\s1 v5]able7 to retort t ! true bus9ess ( a ,*air su* z ?is is to in/ruct "y m5 h[ to read r ?an h[ to write4 ,well1 be x s4 ,i accept ! *all5ge4 ,i propose 9 ?is & "s ensu+ lectures to talk ( ! ,art & ,practice ( ,read+1 p>ticul>ly z appli$ to ,engli% ,lit]ature3 to discuss on :at gr\nd & ?r\gh :at faculties an ,au?or & 8 ,read] meet3 to enquire if1 or to :at ext5t1 ,read+ ( ! be/ ,lit]ature c be taught2 & suppos+ x to be taught1 if or to :at ext5t x c be exam9$ ^u2 ) maybe an int]lude or two1 to beguile ! way4 ,,ii ,! fir/ ?+1 !n1 to be not$ ab\t ! read+ ( ,engli% 7) :i* alone ,i am conc]n$7 is t = ,engli%m5 x has be5 made1 by ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 compulsory4 ,! next ?+ to be not$ is t 9 our s*ools & ,colleges & ,univ]sities x has be5 made1 by ,/atute or 9 practice1 all b impossible4 ,! ?ird /ep is obvi\s--to reconcile :at we _c d ) :at we mu/3 & to t aim ,i %all1 "u y\r pati5ce1 direct ?is & ! foll[+ lecture4 ,i %all be reliev$ at all ev5ts1 & f ! outset1 ( ! d\bt by :i* _m a ,pr(essor1 "h & else:]e1 has be5 haunt$3 ,i mean ! d\bt :e!r !re really is su* a subject z t ( :i* he proposes to treat4 ,any?+ t requires s mu* human +5uity z read+ ,engli% 9 an ,engli% ,univ]sity mu/ be an art4 ,,iii ,b ,i %all be met1 ( c\rse1 by ! "q ',h[ is ! read+ ( ,engli% made impossible at ,cambridge8' & ,i pause "h1 on ! edge ( my subject1 to cle> away t d\bt4 ,x is no fault ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,! late ,philip ,gilb]t ,ham]ton1 :om "s rememb] z an et*]1 wrote a book :i* he entitl$ 7z ,i ?9k1 too magniloqu5tly7 ,! ,intellectual ,life4 ,he ca/ x 9 ! =m ( lett]s--',to an ,au?or :o kept v ,irregul> ,h\rs1' ',to a ,"y ,etonian :o ?\ght ( becom+ a ,cotton-sp9n]1' ',to a ,"y ,g5tleman :o _h firmly resolv$ nev] to we> any?+ b a ,grey ,coat' 7b ,mr ,ham]ton c\ldn't q h meant t74 ',to a ,lady ( ,high ,culture :o f\nd x difficult to associate ) p]sons ( h] ,own ,sex1' ',to a ,"y ,g5tleman ( ,intellectual ,ta/es1 :o1 )\t hav+ z yet any ,p>ticul> ,lady 9 ,view1 _h express$1 9 a ,g5]al ,way1 8 ,det]m9ation to get ,m>ri$3 ,! volume is well wor? read+4 ,9 ! fir/ lett] ( all1 address$ ',to a ,"y ,man ( ,lett]s :o work$ ,excessively1' ,mr ,ham]ton fi%es up f 8 memory1 = admoni%m5t1 ?is salut>y in/ance3 ,a tradesman1 ^: bus9ess af=ds an excell5t outlet = en]getic bodily activity1 told me t hav+ attempt$1 9 addition to 8 ord9>y "w1 to acquire a =eign language :i* seem$ likely to be useful to him1 he _h be5 oblig$ to ab&on x on acc\nt ( al>m+ c]ebral symptoms4 ,?is man has imm5se vig\r & en]gy1 b ! dige/ive functions1 9 ?is in/ance1 are sluggi%4 ,h[ev]1 :5 he ab&on$ /udy1 ! c]ebral inconv5i5ces disappe>$1 & h nev] return$ s9ce4 ,,iv ,n[ we all "k1 & und]/&1 & l t man3 = ! simple reason t he is e "o ( u4 ,y or ,i 7say7 h to take ! ,mod]n ,languages ,tripos1 ,section ,a 7,engli%71 9 #aiaga4 ,fir/ ( all 7& rightly7 x is dem&$ ( u t we %[ an acqua9tance1 & some?+ m ?an a b[+ acqua9tance1 ) ,%akespe>e4 ,v well2 b next we h to write a pap] & answ] que/ions on ! outl9es ( ,engli% ,lit]ature f #acej to #ahcb--;almo/ #ejj ye>s--1 & next to write a pap] & %[ p>ticul> k ( ,engli% ,lit]ature betwe5 #agjj & #aghe--;eighty-five ye>s4 ,next comes a pap] on passages f select$ ,engli% v]se & prose writ+s --! ,/atute discreetly avoids call+ !m lit]ature--betwe5 #abjj & #aejj1 exclusive ( ,*auc]2 ) que/ions on language1 metre1 lit]>y hi/ory & lit]>y criticism3 !n a pap] on ,*auc] ) que/ions on language1 metre1 lit]>y hi/ory & lit]>y criticism3 la/ly a pap] on writ+ 9 ! ,wessex dialect ( ,old ,engli%1 ) que/ions on ! cornet1 flute1 h>p1 sackbut1 language1 metre & lit]>y hi/ory4 ,n[ if y 7 to qualify y\rself = all ?is z a s*ol> %\ld1 & 9 two ye>s1 y w\ld c]ta9ly des]ve to be address$ by ,mr ,ham]ton z ',a ,"y ,man ( ,lett]s :o work$ ,excessively'2 & to "w excessively is n good = anyone4 ,yet1 on ! o!r h&1 y are preclud$ f us+1 = y\r 'c]ebral inconv5i5ces1' ! h]oic rem$y exhibit$ by ,mr ,ham]ton's ent]pris+ tradesman1 s9ce on t me?od y w\ld n atta9 to ! ma9 object ( y\r laudable ambition1 a ,cambridge degree4 ,b ! matt] is v mu* worse ?an y\r ,/atute makes x out4 ,take "o ( ! pap]s 9 :i* "s actual acqua9tance ) ,lit]ature is requir$ ! ,special ,p]iod f #agjj to #aghe2 !n turn to y\r ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 & y w f9d t ! m]e bibliography ( ^? eighty-five ye>s occupies some?+ l five or six hundr$ pages--five or six hundr$ pages ( titles & au?ors 9 simple enum]ation6 ,! bra9 reels2 x already suff]s 'c]ebral inconv5i5ces4' ,b /ret* ! li/ back to ,*auc]1 back ?r\gh ,*auc] to ^? alleg$ prose writ+s 9 ! ,wessex dialect1 !n =w>d f #aghe to ,wordswor?1 to ,byron1 to ,dick5s1 ,c>lyle1 ,t5nyson1 ,br[n+1 ,m]$i?1 ev5 to ?is ye> 9 :i* lit]ature /ill lives & eng5d]s2 & ! bra91 if n too giddy inde$1 /&s z ,satan /ood on ! br9k ( ,*aos-- ,pond]+ 8 voyage2 = no n>r[ fri? ,he _h to cross-- & sees itself1 ) him1 n[ plumb+ a va/ vacuity1 & anon nigh-f\nd]$1 'tread+ ! crude consi/5ce4' ,! :ole bus9ess ( read+ ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 two ye>s1 to "k x 9 any reputable s5se ( ! ^w--let alone y\r le>n+ to write ,engli%--is1 9 %ort1 impossible4 ,& ! fram]s ( ! ,/atute1 recognis+ ?is1 h v s5sibly compromis$ by sett+ y to "w on su* ?+s z '! ,outl9es ( ,engli% ,lit]ature'2 :i* are n ,lit]ature at all b are only :at "s fell[ has to say ab\t x1 ha/ily summ>is+ 8 e/imates ( _m works1 ( :i* on a g5]\s computation he has probably read "o-fif?2 & by exam9+ y on 7:at 0 x all87 'language1 metre1 lit]>y hi/ory & lit]>y criticism1' :i* aga9 are n ,lit]ature1 or at lea/ 7z a ,greek w\ld say 9 8 idiom7 escape _! own notice be+ ,lit]ature4 ,= ,engli% ,lit]ature1 z ,i take x1 is t :i* sundry m5 & wom5 h writt5 memorably 9 ,engli% ab\t ,life4 ,& s ,i come to my subject--! art ( read+ t1 :i* is ,lit]ature4 ,v ,i %all take leave to leap into x ov] ano!r man's back1 or1 r ov] two m5's backs4 ,no d\bt x has happ5$ to _m ( y to pick up 9 a happy mom5t "s book or pamphlet or copy ( v]se :i* j says ! ^w y h unconsci\sly be5 li/5+ =1 almo/ crav+ to speak = y\rself1 & s s5ds y (f hot-foot on ! trail4 ,& if y h _h t exp]i5ce1 x may also h happ5$ to y t1 aft] rang+1 y return$ on ! track 'l fai?ful h\nd return+1' 9 gratitude1 or to refre% ! sc5t2 & t1 pick+ up ! book aga91 y f\nd x no su* wond]ful book aft] all1 or t "s ( ! magic _h fad$ by process ( ! *ange 9 y\rself :i* itself _h orig9at$4 ,b ! ^w 0 spok54 ,su* a book--pamphlet ,i may call x1 s small x 0--fell into my h&s "s t5 ye>s ago2 ,! ,aims ( ,lit]>y ,/udy--no v attractive title--by ,dr ,corson1 a di/+ui%$ ,am]ican ,pr(essor 7& let me say t1 = some?+ m ?an t5--say = tw5ty--ye>s mu* ( ! mo/ ?\ghtful z well z ! mo/ ?or\gh "w ^u ,engli% comes to u f ,am]ica74 ,i f9d1 z ,i h&le aga9 ! small duodecimo volume1 t my own ?\ghts h tak5 me a little wide1 p]haps a little a/ray1 f its sugge/ions4 ,b = loyalty's sake ,i %all />t j :]e ,dr ,corson />t$1 ) a passage f ,br[n+'s1 ,a ,dea? 9 ! ,des]t1 suppos$ 7y w rememb]7-- ,suppos$ ( ,pamphylax ! ,antio*5e n>rat+ ! dea? ( ,/ ,john ! ,evangeli/1 ,john ( ,patmos2 ! n>rative int]rupt$ by ?is gloss3 ,?is is ! doctr9e he 0 wont to tea*1 ,h[ div]s p]sons witness 9 ea* man1 ,?ree s\ls :i* make up "o s\l3 fir/1 to wit1 ,a s\l ( ea* & all ! bodily p>ts1 ,seat$ !re91 :i* works1 & is ,:at ,does1 ,& has ! use ( e>?1 & ends ! man ,d[nw>d3 b1 t5d+ upw>d = advice1 ,gr[s into1 & aga9 is gr[n into ,by ! next s\l1 :i*1 seat$ 9 ! bra91 ,use? ! fir/ ) its collect$ use1 ,& feele?1 ?9ke?1 wille?1--is ,:at ,kn[s3 ,:i*1 duly t5d+ upw>d 9 its turn1 ,gr[s into1 & aga9 is gr[n into ,by ! la/ s\l1 t uses bo? ! fir/1 ,subsi/+ :e!r !y assi/ or no1 ,&1 con/itut+ man's self1 is ,:at ,is-- ,& leans ^u ! =m] 7,m>k ! ^w1 ,g5tlem52 'leans ^u ! =m]'--lean+ back1 z x 7 felt by him1 on ?is v man :o _h lean$ on ,*ri/'s bosom1 be+ lov$7 ,& leans ^u ! =m]1 makes x play1 ,z t play$ (f ! fir/3 &1 t5d+ up1 ,holds1 is upheld by1 ,god1 & ends ! man ,upw>d 9 t dread po9t ( int]c\rse1 ,nor ne$s a place1 = x returns to ,him4 ,:at ,does1 ,:at ,kn[s1 ,:at ,is2 ?ree s\ls1 "o man4 ,i give ! glossa ( ,!otypas4 ,:at ,does1 ,:at ,kn[s1 ,:at ,is--!re is no mi/ak+ :at ,br[n+ means1 nor 9 :at degrees ( hi]>*y he places ?is1 t1 & ! o!r4444 ,does x n /rike y h[ curi\sly m5 to-day1 ) _! m9ds p]v]t$ by hate1 are inv]t+ t ord]8--all ! highe/ value set on ,:at ,does--,:at ,kn[s sudd5ly se5 to be ( importance1 b only z important 9 fe$+ ! guns1 p]fect+ explosives1 coll>+ trade--all 9 ! s]vice ( ,:at ,does1 ( ',get on or ,get ,out1' ( ',effici5cy'2 no "o /opp+ to ?9k t ',effici5cy' is--mu/ be--a relative t]m6 ,effici5t = :at8--= ,:at ,does1 ,:at ,kn[s or p]*ance1 aft] all1 = ,:at ,is8 ,no6 bani% ! humanities & ?r[ ev]ybody into practical sci5ce3 n into t /udy ( natural sci5ce1 :i* c nev] conflict ) ! 'humanities' s9ce x seeks discov]y = ! pure sake ( tru?1 or *>itably to alleviate man's lot-- ,sweetly1 r1 to ease1 loose & b9d ,z ne$ requires1 ?is frail fall5 humank9d 444 --b to inv5t :at w be comm]cially s]viceable 9 be/+ y\r neighb\r1 or 9 gass+ him1 or 9 slaught]+ him neatly & :olesale4 ,b /ill ! :isp] 7n ridicul\s 9 its day7 w ass]t itself1 t ,:at ,is comes fir/1 hold+ & upheld by ,god2 /ill ?r\gh ! m>ket clam\r = a ',bus9ess ,gov]nm5t' w p]si/ ! voice ( ,plato murmur+ t1 aft] all1 ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t is gov]nm5t by good m53 & ! voice ( "s small man fa9tly prote/+ ',b ,i don't want to be gov]n$ by bus9ess m52 because ,i "k !m &1 )\t ask+ mu* ( life1 ,i h a hank]+ to die ) a %irt on my back4' ,,vi ,b let u po/pone ,:at ,is = a mom5t1 & deal ) ,:at ,does & ,:at ,kn[s4 ,!y too1 ( c\rse1 h _h _! oppositions1 & ! v mean+ ( a ,univ]sity su* z ,cambridge--its fons1 its origo1 its ,greek3 to ti en e9ai-- 0 to ass]t ,:at ,kn[s aga9/ ,:at ,does 9 a m$ieval _w pranc$ ov] by m5-at-arms1 ,normans1 ,engli%1 ,burgundians1 ,scots4 ,ancill>y to ,!ology1 :i* !n _h a mean+ va/ly diff]5t f its mean+ to-day1 ! ,univ]sity t5d$ z portress ( ! gate ( k--( su* k z ! ,*ur* requir$1 enc\rag$1 or p]mitt$--& kept ! flag ( intellectual life1 z ,i may put x1 fly+ above t gate & ov] ! pass+ ?rongs ( 'do]s' & mail$-fi/]s4 ,! ,univ]sity 0 a ,seat ( ,le>n+3 ! ,colleges1 z !y sprang up1 7 ,h\ses ( ,le>n+4 ,b note ?is1 :i* 9 _! orig9 & /ill 9 ! frame ( _! con/itution diff]5tiates ,ox=d & ,cambridge f all _! anci5t si/]s & rivals4 ,^! two 7& no ?ird1 ,i believe1 9 ,europe7 7 corporations ( ,tea*]s1 exi/+ = ,tea*]s1 gov]n$ by ,tea*]s4 ,9 a ,scotti% ,univ]sity ! /ud5ts by vote *oose _! ,rector3 b "h or at ,ox=d no und]graduate1 no ,ba*elor1 c\nts at all 9 ! gov]nm5t1 bo? rema9+ alike 9 /atu pupill>i until qualifi$ z ,ma/]s-- ,magi/ri4 ,m>k ! ^w1 & m>k also ! title ( "o :o obta9$ :at 9 ^? days w\ld be ! highe/ ( degrees 7b yet gave him no vot+ /r5g? above a ,ma/]74 ,he 0 a ,pr(essor-',sanctae ,!ologiae ,pr(essor4' ,to ?is day e c\ntry cl]gyman :o comes up to ,cambridge to record 8 non-placet1 does s by virtue ( 8 capacity to tea* :at he le>n$ "h--9 !ory1 t is4 ,s*ol>s 7 includ$ 9 ,college f\ndations on a sort ( pupil-tea*]-supply sy/em3 liv+ 9 rooms ) ! lordly ma/]s1 & valet+ !m = ! privilege ( 'read+ )' !m4 ,we keep to ?is day ! pleasant old =m ( words4 ,n[ = v>i\s reasons--"o ( :i*1 because x is closely g]mane to my subject1 ,i %all p>ticul>ly exam9e--,ox=d & ,cambridge1 :ile cons]v+ almo/ intact _! m$ieval frame ( gov]nm5t1 ) a hundr$ o!r survivals :i* ,"t b makes1 ?r\gh endurance1 m ende>+1 h1 ins5sibly z x 71 & across 7x mu/ be confess$7 int]vals ( slo? & gross d]eliction ( duty1 add$ a new function to ! cultivation ( le>n+--t ( furni%+ out ( y\? a succession ( m5 capable ( fulfill+ high (fices 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,"s may regret ?is4 ,i ?9k _m ( u mu/ regret t a deep] t9cture ( le>n+ is n requir$ ( ! av]age pass-man1 or inject$ into him p]=ce4 ,b speak+ r\ghly ab\t fact1 ,i %\ld say t :ile we eld]s up "h are requir$-- nay1 presum$ to "k c]ta9 ?+s1 we aim t our "y m5 %all be ( a c]ta9 k9d2 & ,i see no cause to dis[n a s5t5ce 9 ! v fir/ lecture ,i _h ! hon\r ( read+ be=e y--',! man we are pr\d to s5d =? f our ,s*ools w be rem>kable less = some?+ he c take out ( 8 wallet & exhibit = k1 ?an = be+ some?+1 & t some?+ recognisable = a man ( unmi/akable intellectual bre$+1 ^: tra9$ judgm5t we c tru/ to *oose ! bett] & reject ! worse4' ,! reasons :i* h l$ our old] ,univ]sities to deflect _! functions 7:e!r = good or ill7 s f> f _! fir/ purpose are complicat$ if n _m4 ,once admit "y m5 9 l>ge numb]s1 & y\? 7,i call any ,dean or ,tutor to witness7 mu/ be compromis$ )2 w con/rue ! laws ( its s5iors 9 its own way1 n[ & !n break+ !m2 & w inevitably end1 by gett+ some?+ ( its own way44 ,! gr[? ( gymna/ic1 ! ins5sible gravitation ( ! eld]ly t[>ds ,f5n]'s--!re to snat* a fe>ful joy & expla9 t ! walk 0 good = !m2 ! ,union & o!r debat+ societies2 ,college rivalries2 ! fe/ivities ( ,may ,week2 ! invasion ( wom5 /ud5ts3 all ^! may h help$4 ,b ,i mu/ dwell discreetly on "o compell+ & obvi\s cause--! increas$ & increas+ unwield9ess ( ,k4 ,& t is ! ma9 tr\ble1 z ,i guess4 ,,vii ,let u look x fair 9 ! face3 because x is ! ma9 practical difficulty ) :i* ,i propose t1 9 succe$+ lectures1 we grapple4 ,aga9/ ,k ,i h1 z ! light cynic obs]v$ ( a c]ta9 lady's pa/1 only "o s]i\s objection--t !re is s mu* ( x4 ,!re is inde$ s mu* ( x t if ) ! be/ w 9 ! _w y devot$ y\rself to x z a m]e s*ol>1 y c\ld n possibly dige/ its accumulat$ & /ill accumulat+ /ores4 ,z ,sir ,?omas ,elyot wrote 9 ! #af? c5tury 7us+1 y w obs]ve1 ! v ^w ( ,mr ,ham]ton's en]getic b f$-up tradesman71 ',inconv5i5ces always doe happ5 by +urgitation & excessive fe$+s4' ,an old s*oolma/] & a poet--,mr ,james ,rhoades1 late ( ,%]borne-- comm5ts 9 words :i* ,i w quote1 be+ unable to bett] !m3 ,?is is no less true ( ! m9d ?an ( ! body4 ,i d n "k t a well-in=m$ man1 z su*1 is m wor?y ( reg>d ?an a well-f$ "o4 ,! bra91 inde$1 is a nobl] organ ?an ! /oma*1 b on t v acc\nt is ! less to be excus$ = indulg+ 9 repletion4 ,! temptation1 ,i confess1 is great]1 because = ! bra9 ! banquet /&s ev] spread be=e our eyes1 & is1 unhappily1 z inde/ructible z ! wid['s meal & oil4 ,only ?9k :at w\ld become ( u if ! physical food1 by :i* our bodies subsi/1 in/ead ( be+ consum$ by ! eat]1 0 pass$ on intact by e g5]ation to ! next1 ) ! sup]add$ ho>ds ( all ! ages1 ! e>?'s productive p[] mean:ile increas+ ye> by ye> b5ea? ! unflagg+ h& ( ,sci5ce1 till1 z ,comus says1 %e w\ld be q sur*>g$ ) h] own weight ,& /rangl$ ) h] wa/e f]tility4 ,%\ld we r n pull d[n our b>ns1 & build small]1 & make bonfires ( :at !y w\ld n hold8 ,& yet1 ) reg>d to ,k1 ! v opposite ( ?is is :at we d4 ,we /ore ! :ole religi\sly1 & t ?\gh n twice alone1 z ) ! bees 9 ,virgil1 b scores ( times 9 e ye>1 is ! teem+ produce ga!r$ 94 ,& !n we put a fe>ful pressure on ourselves & o!rs to gorge ( x z mu* z ev] we c hold4 ,facit indignatio v]sus4 ,my au?or1 ga!r+ heat1 puts x some:at di?yrambically3 b !re y h x1 ,g5tlem54 ,if y crave = ,k1 ! banquet ( ,k gr[s & groans on ! bo>d until ! f9] appetite sick5s4 ,if1 /ill putt+ all y\r tru/ 9 ,k1 y try to dodge ! difficulty by specialis+1 y produce a bra9 bulg+ out inord9ately on "o side1 on ! o!r cut flat d[n & mo/ly p>alytic at t3 & 9 %ort s long z ,i hold t ! ,creator has an idea1 ( a man1 s long %all ,i be sure t no unev5 speciali/ realises x4 ,! real trag$y ( ! ,libr>y at ,alex&ria 0 n t ! inc5di>ies burn$ imm5sely1 b t !y _h nei!r ! leisure nor ! ta/e to discrim9ate4 ,,viii ,! old s*oolma/] :om ,i quot$ j n[ goes on3 ,i believe1 if ! tru? 7 kn[n1 m5 w\ld be a/oni%$ at ! small am\nt ( le>n+ ) :i* a high degree ( culture is compatible4 ,9 a mom5t ( en?usiasm ,i v5tur$ once to tell my ',engli% set' t if !y c\ld really ma/] ! n9? book ( ,p>adise ,lo/1 s z to rise to ! height ( its great argum5t & incorporate all its beauties 9 !mselves1 !y w\ld at "o bl[1 by virtue ( t alone1 become highly cultivat$ m54444 ,m & m v>i\s le>n+ might raise !m to ! same height by diff]5t pa?s1 b c\ld h>dly raise !m high]4 ,"h let me int]pose & quote ! la/ ?ree l9es ( t ,book--?ree l9es only2 simple1 unornam5t$1 b = e man & e woman :o h dwelt toge!r s9ce our fir/ p>5ts1 9 m]e /atem5t h[ wise6 ,?us !y 9 mutual accusation sp5t ,! fruitless h\rs1 b nei!r self-condemn+2 ,& ( _! va9 conte/ appe>'d no end4 ,a p>5t aft]w>ds told me 7my s*oolma/] adds7 t 8 son w5t home & s buri$ himself 9 ! book t food & sleep t day _h no attraction = him4 ,next morn+1 ,i ne$ h>dly say1 ! diff]5ce 9 8 appe>ance 0 rem>kable3 he _h outgr[n all 8 intellectual clo!s4 ,! end ( ?is /ory /rikes me1 ,i confess1 z rapid1 & may be comp>$ ) t ( ! gr[? ( ,delian ,apollo 9 ! ,hom]ic hymn2 b we may agree t1 9 read+1 x is n quantity s mu* t tells1 z quality & ?or\ghness ( dige/ion4 ,,ix ,:at ,does--,:at ,kn[s--,:at ,is4444 ,i am n likely to depreciate to y ! value ( ,:at ,does1 aft] sp5d+ my fir/ twelve lectures up "h1 on ! art & practice ( ,writ+1 enc\rag+ y to d ?is ?+ :i* ,i daily delight 9 try+ to d3 z ,god =bid t anyone %\ld h9t a slight5+ ^w ( :at our sons & bro!rs are do+ j n[1 & do+ = u6 ,b ,peace be+ ! normal condition ( man's activity1 ,i look ar\nd me = a v9dication ( :at is noble/ 9 ,:at ,does & am cont5t ) a passage f ,george ,eliot's poem ,/radiv>ius1 ! gi/ ( :i* is t ,god himself might conceivably make bett] fiddles ?an ,/radiv>i's1 b by no means c]ta9ly2 s9ce1 z a fact1 ,god ord]s 8 be/ fiddles ( ,/radiv>i4 ,says ! great workman1 ',god be prais$1 ,antonio ,/radiv>i has an eye ,t w9ces at false "w & loves ! true1 ,) h& & arm t play ^u ! tool ,z will+ly z any s++ bird ,sets him to s+ 8 morn+ r\ndelay1 ,because he likes to s+ & likes ! song4' ,!n ,naldo3 '',tis a pretty k9d ( fame ,at be/1 t comes ( mak+ viol9s2 ,& saves no masses1 ei!r4 ,?\ wilt g ,to purgatory none ! less4' ,b he3 '',tw]e purgatory "h to make !m ill2 ,& = my fame--:5 any ma/] holds ',twixt *9 & h& a viol9 ( m9e1 ,he w be glad t ,/radiv>i liv$1 ,made viol9s1 & made !m ( ! be/4 ,! ma/]s only "k ^: "w is good3 ,!y w *oose m9e1 & :ile ,god gives !m skill ,i give !m in/rum5ts to play ^u1 ,god *oos+ me to help ,him4' ',:at6 ,7 ,god ,at fault = viol9s1 ?\ abs5t8' ',yes2 ,he 7 at fault = ,/radiv>i's "w4' ',:y1 _m hold ,giuseppe's viol9s ,z good z ?9e4' ',may be3 !y are diff]5t4 ,8 quality decl9es3 he spoils 8 h& ,) ov]-dr9k+4 ,b 7 8 ! be/1 ,he c\ld n "w = two4 ,my "w is m9e1 ,& h]esy or n1 if my h& slack$ ,i %\ld rob ,god--s9ce ,he is fulle/ good-- ,leav+ a blank in/ead ( viol9s4 ,i say1 n ,god ,himself c make man's be/ ,)\t be/ m5 to help him4444 ',tis ,god gives skill1 ,b n )\t m5's h&s3 ,he c\ld n make ,antonio ,/radiv>i's viol9s ,)\t ,antonio4 ,get !e to ?y easel4' ,s mu* !n = ,:at ,does3 ,i d n depreciate x4 ,x ,nei!r d ,i depreciate--9 ,cambridge1 save ! m>k6--,:at ,kn[s4 ,all k is v5]able2 & ,i suppose y w f9d ! la/ v9dication ( ! s*ol>'s life at its balde/ 9 ,br[n+'s ,a ,gramm>ian's ,fun]al3 ,o!rs mi/ru/ & say1 ',b "t escapes3 ,live n[ or nev]6' ,he said1 ',:at's "t8 ,leave ,n[ = dog & apes6 ,man has ,=ev]4' ,back to 8 book !n2 deep] droop$ 8 head3 ,calculus rack$ him3 ,lead5 be=e1 8 eyes grew dross ( lead3 ,tussis attack$ him4444 ,s1 ) ! ?rottl+ h&s ( dea? at /rife1 ,gr\nd he at gramm>2 ,/ill1 ?ro' ! rattle1 p>ts ( spee* 7 rife3 ,:ile he c\ld /amm] ,he settl$ ,hoti's bus9ess--let x be6-- ,prop]ly bas$ ,oun-- ,gave u ! doctr9e ( ! enclitic ,de1 ,dead f ! wai/ d[n4 ,well1 "h's ! plat=m1 "h's ! prop] place3 ,hail to y\r purlieus1 ,all ye highfli]s ( ! fea!r$ race1 ,swall[s & curlews6 ,"h's ! top-peak2 ! multitude bel[ ,live1 = !y c1 !re3 ,?is man decid$ n to ,live b ,"k-- ,bury ?is man !re4 ,nev]!less ,k is n1 _c be1 ev]y?+2 & inde$1 z a matt] ( exp]i5ce1 _c ev5 be c\nt$ ^u to educate4 ,"s ( u h kn[n m5 ( extreme le>n+ :o yet are1 "s ( !m1 unc\? 9 conduct1 o!rs viol5t & ov]be>+ 9 conv]se1 o!rs unfair 9 controv]sy1 o!rs ev5 unscrupul\s 9 action--m5 ( :om ! sophi/ ,?rasyma*us 9 ,plato's ,republic may /& = ! g5]al type4 ,nay1 "s ( u w subscribe ) ! old s*oolma/] :om ,i w quote aga91 :5 he writes3 ,to myself p]sonally1 z an exception to ! rule t opposites attract1 a v well-in=m$ p]son is an object ( t]ror4 ,8 m9d seems to be s full ( facts t y _c1 z x 71 see ! wood = ! trees2 !re is no room = p]spective1 no lawns & glades = pleasure & repose1 no vi/as ?r\gh :i* to view "s t[]+ hill or elevat$ temple2 ev]y?+ 9 t cr[d$ space seems ( ! same value3 he speaks ) no m awe ( ,k+ ,le> ?an ( ! la/ ,cobd5 prize essay2 he has swall[$ !m bo? ) ! same ease1 & got ! facts safe 9 8 p\*2 b he has no "t to rum9ate because he mu/ /ill be swall[+2 nor does he seem to "k :at ev5 ,macbe?1 ) ,banquo's murd]]s !n at "w1 f\nd leisure to rememb]--t good dige/ion mu/ wait on appetite1 if heal? is to foll[ bo?3 ,n[ t may be put a trifle too vivaci\sly1 b ! moral is true4 ,bacon tells u t read+ make? a full man4 ,yes1 & too mu* ( x makes him too full4 ,! two words ( ! ,greek ^u k rema9 true1 t ! la/ triumph ( ,k is ,"k ,?yself4 ,s ,don ,quixote repeats x to ,san*o ,panza1 c\nsell+ him h[ to gov]n 8 ,isl&3 ,fir/1 ,o son1 ?\ ha/ to fe> ,god1 = 9 fe>+ ,him is wisdom1 & be+ wise ?\ can/ n err4 ,b secondly ?\ ha/ to set ?9e eyes on :at ?\ art1 endeav\r+ to "k ?yself--:i* is ! mo/ difficult k t c be conceiv$4 ,b to "k oneself is to "k t :i* alone c "k ,:at ,is4 ,s ! hi]>*y runs up4 ,,xi ,:at ,does1 ,:at ,kn[s1 ,:at ,is4444 ,i h happily left myself no "t to-day to speak ( ,:at ,is3 happily1 because ,i w\ld n h y ev5 approa* x t[>ds ! end ( an h\r :5 y\r att5tion mu/ be langui%+4 ,b ,i leave y ) two promises1 & ) two say+s f :i* z ?is lecture took its />t its successors w proce$4 ,! fir/ promise is1 t ,:at ,is1 be+ ! spiritual elem5t 9 man1 is ! highe/ object ( 8 /udy4 ,! second promise is t1 n9e-t5?s ( :at is wor?y to be call$ ,lit]ature be+ conc]n$ ) ?is spiritual elem5t1 = t x %\ld be /udi$1 f fir/ly up to n9?ly1 be=e any?+ else4 ,& my two quotations are = y to pond]3 7#a7 ,?is1 fir/3 ,t all _s is mutually attractive1 z all matt] is mutually attractive1 is an ultimate fact beyond :i* we _c g4444 ,_s to _s--z 9 wat] face answ]e? to face1 s ! he>t ( man to man4 7#b7 ,& ?is o!r1 f ! writ+s ( an obscure ,wel% cl]gyman ( ! #ag? c5tury3 ,y w nev] enjoy ! _w aright till ! sea itself fl[e? 9 y\r ve9s1 till y are clo!d ) ! heav5s & cr[n$ ) ! />s4 ,footnote #a3 ,! read] w k9dly turn back to p4#a1 & obs]ve ! date at ! head ( ?is lecture4 ,at t "t ,i 0 engag$ aga9/ a sy/em ( ,engli% tea*+ :i* ,i believ$ to be ?or\ghly bad4 ,t sy/em has s9ce giv5 place to ano!r1 :i* ,i am prep>$ to def5d z a bett]4 ,,lecture ,,ii ,,appreh5sion ,,v]sus ,,compreh5sion ,,w$nesday1 ,,novemb] #ae1 #aiaf ,i ,let u attempt to-day1 ,g5tlem51 pick+ up ! sc5t :]e we left at ! conclusion ( my fir/ lecture1 to hunt ! ,art ( ,read+ 7z ,i %all call x71 a little fur!r on ! l9e ( common-s5se2 !n to ca/ back & *ase on a l9e some:at m philosophical4 ,if ^! l9es run wide & refuse to unite1 we %all h made a false ca/3 if !y conv]ge & meet1 we %all h caught our h>e & may proce$1 9 subsequ5t lectures1 to cook him4 ,well1 ! l9e ( common-s5se has br\ght u to ?is po9t-- t1 man & ?is planet be+ su* z !y are1 = a man to read all ! books exi/5t on x is impossible2 &1 if possible1 w\ld be 9 ! highe/ degree undesirable4 ,let u1 = example1 g back q beyond ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ & try to imag9e a man :o _h read all ! rolls de/roy$ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,alex&ria by successive burn+s4 7,"s reckon ! numb] ( ^! ,,mss at #gjj1jjj47 ,suppose1 fur!r1 ?is man to be gift$ ) a memory ret5tive z ,"l ,macaulay's4 ,suppose la/ly t we g to su* a man & beg him to repeat to u "s *os5 "o ( ! fifty or sev5ty lo/1 or p>tially lo/1 plays ( ,euripides4 ,x is incr$ible t he c\ld gratify u4 ,!re 01 z ,i h said1 a great burn+ at ,alex&ria 9 #dg ,b4,c41 :5 ,caes> set ! fleet 9 ! h>b\r on fire to prev5t its fall+ into ! h&s ( ! ,egyptians4 ,! flames spread1 & ! great libr>y /ood b #djj y>ds f ! quayside1 ) w>eh\ses full ( books yet clos]4 ,! la/ great burn+ 0 p]petrat$ 9 ,a4,d4 #fdb4 ,gibbon quotes ! fam\s s5t5ce ( ,om>1 ! great ,mohamm$an :o gave ! ord]3 ',if ^! writ+s ( ! ,greeks agree ) ! book ( ,god1 !y are useless & ne$ n be pres]v$2 if !y disagree1 !y are p]nici\s & ought to be de/roy$1' & goes on3 ,! s5t5ce 0 execut$ ) bl9d ob$i5ce2 ! volumes ( pap] or p>*m5t 7 di/ribut$ to ! f\r ?\s& ba?s ( ! city2 & su* 0 _! incr$ible multitude t six mon?s 7 b>ely suffici5t = ! consumption ( ?is preci\s fuel4444 ,! tale has be5 repeat$ly transcrib$2 & e s*ol>1 ) pi\s indignation1 has deplor$ ! irrep>able %ipwreck ( ! le>n+1 ! arts1 & ! g5ius1 ( antiquity4 ,= my own "p1 ,i am /rongly tempt$ to d5y bo? ! fact & ! consequ5ces4 ,( ! consequ5ce he writes3 ,p]haps ! *ur* & seat ( ! patri>*s might be enri*$ ) a repository ( books3 b1 if ! pond]\s mass ( ,arian & ,monophysite controv]sy 7 inde$ consum$ 9 ! public ba?s1 a philosoph] may all[1 ) a smile1 t x 0 ultimately devot$ to ! b5efit ( mank9d4 ,i s9c]ely regret ! m valuable libr>ies1 :i* h be5 involv$ 9 ! ru9 ( ! ,roman empire2 b1 :5 ,i s]i\sly compute ! lapse ( ages1 ! wa/e ( ignorance1 & ! calamities ( w>1 our treasures1 r ?an our losses1 are ! object ( my surprise4 ,_m curi\s & int]e/+ facts are buri$ 9 oblivion3 ! ?ree great hi/orians ( ,rome h be5 transmitt$ to our h&s 9 a mutilat$ /ate1 & we are depriv$ ( _m pleas+ compositions ( ! lyric1 iambic1 & dramatic poetry ( ! ,greeks4 ,yet we %\ld gratefully rememb] t ! mis*ances ( "t & accid5t h sp>$ ! classic works to :i* ! suffrage ( antiquity _h adjudg$ ! fir/ place ( g5ius & glory2 ! tea*]s ( anci5t k1 :o are /ill extant1 _h p]us$ & comp>$ ! writ+s ( _! pr$ecessors2 nor c x fairly be presum$ t any important tru?1 any useful discov]y 9 art or nature1 has be5 snat*$ away f ! curiosity ( mod]n ages4 ,i c]ta9ly d n ask y to subscribe to all t4 ,9 fact :5 ,gibbon asks u to rememb] gratefully 't ! mis*ances ( "t & accid5t h sp>$ ! classic works to :i* ! suffrage ( antiquity _h adjudg$ ! fir/ place ( g5ius & glory1' ,i submit ) all respect t he talks nons5se4 ,l ! /rang] 9 ! temple ( ! sea-god1 invit$ to admire ! _m votive g>m5ts ( ^? pres]v$ out ( %ipwreck1 ,i ask 'at ubi sunt ve/im5ta eorum qui po/ vota nuncupata p]i]unt8'-- or 9 o!r words ',:]e are ! tr\s]s ( ! dr[n$8' ',:at ab\t ! ,/h5oboea ( ,euripides1 ! ,revell]s ( ,ameipsias-- to :i*1 z a matt] ( simple fact1 :at y call ! suffrage ( antiquity did adjudge ! fir/ prize1 above ,ari/ophanes' be/8' ,b ( c\rse he is equally "r to ?is ext5t1 t ! fire consum$ a va/ deal ( rubbi%3 solid tons m ?an any man c\ld swall[1--let be1 dige/--'read1 m>k1 le>n & inw>dly dige/4' ,& t 0 9 ,a4,d4 #fdb1 :]eas we h arriv$ at #aiaf4 ,:]e w\ld our voraci\s ,alex&rian be to-day1 ) all ! lit]ature ( ! ,middle ,ages add$ to 8 fea/ & on top ( t all ! pr9t$ books ( #dej ye>s8 ',read+1' says ,bacon1 'make? a ,full ,man4' ,yes1 inde$6 ,n[ ,i am glad t s5t5ce ( ,bacon falls pat "h1 because x gives me1 turn+ to 8 fam\s ,essay ,( ,/udies1 ! re9=cem5t ( 8 great "n = ! v argum5t :i* ,i am direct+ aga9/ ! fallacy ( ^? tea*]s :o w\ld h y use 'manuals' z any?+ else ?an guides to y\r own read+ or p]spectives 9 :i* ! au?ors are set out 9 ! comp>ative em95ce by :i* !y claim priority ( /udy or indicate ! proportions ( a lit]>y p]iod4 ,"s ( ^! manuals are writt5 by m5 ( k s encyclopa$ic t 7if x g ) critical judgm5t7 = ^! purposes !y may be tru/$4 ,b to require y1 at y\r /age ( read+1 to h ev5 ! m9or names by he>t is a p]v]sity ( folly4 ,= lat] /udies x seems to me a m p>donable mi/ake1 b yet a mi/ake1 to hope t by ! employ ( sep>ate speciali/s y c get ev5 9 #ae or #bj volumes a p]spective1 a proportionate description1 ( :at ,engli% ,lit]ature really is4 ,b wor/ ( all is t ,exam9]1 :o--aw>e t y mu/ please him1 to get a good degree1 & be+ j z /raight & indu/ri\s z anyone else--assumes t 9 two ye>s y h become exp]t 9 k t beats a lifetime1 &1 br\ght up aga9/ ! practical impossibility ( ?is assumption1 que/ions y--n on a little select$ fir/-h& k--b on mass$ in=mation :i* at ! be/ c be b d]ivative & second-h&4 ,n[ he> ,bacon4 ,/udies s]ve = ,delight-- 7,m>k x1--he puts delight fir/7 ,/udies s]ve = ,delight1 = ,ornam5t1 & = ,ability4 ,_! ,*iefe use = ,delight1 is 9 ,privat5esse & ,retir+#a2 = ,ornam5t1 is 9 ,disc\rse2 & = ,ability1 is 9 ! ,judgem5t & ,disposition ( ,bus9esse4444 ,to sp5d too mu* ,"t 9 ,/udies is ,slo?2 to use !m too mu* = ,ornam5t is ,affectation2 to make judgem5t :olly by _! ,rules is ! ,hum\r ( a ,s*oll]4 ,!y p]fect ,nature1 & are p]fect$ by ,exp]i5ce3 = ,naturall ,abilities are l ,naturall ,plants1 !y ne$ ,proyn+ by ,/udy4 ,& ,/udies !mselves doe give =? ,directions too mu* at ,l>ge1 unless !y be b\nd$ 9 by exp]i5ce4 ,aga91 he says3 ,"s ,bookes are to be ,ta/$1 ,o!rs to be ,swall[$1 & ,"s ,few to be ,*ew$ & ,dige/$3 t is1 "s ,bookes are to be read onely 9 ,p>ts2 ,o!rs to be read b n ,curi\sly2 & "s ,few are to be read :olly1 & ) ,dilig5ce & ,att5tion4 ,"s ,bookes also may be read by ,deputy1 & ,extracts made ( !m by ,o!rs4 ,b t w\ld be onely 9 ! lesse important ,argum5ts1 & ! ,mean] ,sort ( ,bookes3 else di/ill$ ,bookes are l ,common di/ill$ ,wat]s1 ,fla%y ,?+s4 ,s y see1 ,g5tlem51 :ile plead+ be=e y t ,read+ is an ,art--t its be/ purpose is n to accumulate ,k b to produce1 to educate1 su*-&-su* a man--t 'tis a folly to bite (f m ?an y c assimilate--& t ) x1 z ) e o!r art1 ! difficulty & ! discipl9e lie 9 select+ out ( va/ mat]ial1 :at is fit1 f9e1 applicable--,i h ! great ,francis ,bacon himself t[]+ beh9d my %\ld] = patron4 ,"s w\ld pu% ! argum5t fur!r ?an--"h & n[1 at any rate--,i *oose to d1 or p]haps w\ld at all c>e to d4 ,= example1 ,philip ,gilb]t ,ham]ton1 :om ,i quot$ to y ?ree weeks ago1 in/ances 9 8 book ,! ,intellectual ,life an accompli%$ ,fr5* cook :o1 9 discuss+ 8 art1 compris$ ! :ole secret ( x "u two heads--! k ( ! mutual influ5ces ( +r$i5ts1 & ! judici\s managem5t ( heat3 ,among/ ! di%es = :i* my fri5d _h a des]v$ reputation 0 a c]ta9 gteau de foie :i* _h a v exquisite flav\r4 ,! pr9cipal +r$i5t1 n 9 quantity b 9 p[]1 0 ! liv] ( a f[l2 b !re 7 sev]al o!r +r$i5ts also1 & among/ ^! a leaf or two ( p>sley4 ,he told me t ! influ5ce ( ! p>sley 0 a good illu/ration ( 8 !ory ab\t 8 art4 ,if ! p>sley 7 omitt$1 ! flav\r he aim$ at 0 n produc$ at all2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 if ! quantity ( ! p>sley 0 9 ! lea/ excessive1 !n ! gteau in/ead ( be+ a delicacy = g\rmets became an uneatable mess4 ,p]ceiv+ t ,i 0 really int]e/$ 9 ! subject1 he k9dly promis$ a practical evid5ce ( 8 doctr9e1 & ! next day int5tionally spoil$ ! di% by a trifl+ addition ( p>sley4 ,he _h n exagg]at$ ! consequ5ces2 ! delicate flav\r entirely dep>t$1 & left a nause\s bitt]ness 9 its place1 l ! remembrance ( an ill-sp5t y\?4 ,i tru/ t none ( y are 9 a position to appreciate ! full =ce ( ?is la/ simile2 &1 = myself1 ,i %\ld h tak5 ! *ef's ^w = x1 )\t exp]im5t4 ,mr ,ham]ton proce$s to draw 8 moral3 ,!re is a sort ( intellectual *emi/ry :i* is q z m>vell\s z mat]ial *emi/ry & a ?\s& times m difficult to obs]ve4 ,"o g5]al tru? may1 h[ev]1 be reli$ ^u4444 ,x is true t ev]y?+ we le>n affects ! :ole "* ( ! m9d4 ,consid] h[ incalculably important becomes ! "q ( proportion 9 our k1 & h[ t :i* we are is dep5d5t z mu* ^u our ignorance z our sci5ce4 ,:at we call ignorance is only a small] proportion-- :at we call sci5ce only a l>g]4 ,"h ! argum5t beg9s to become delici\s3 ,! l>g] quantity is recomm5d$ z an unque/ionable good1 b ! goodness ( x is entirely dep5d5t on ! m5tal product t we want4 ,ari/ocracies h always in/9ctively felt ?is1 & h decid$ t a g5tleman ought n to "k too mu* ( c]ta9 arts & sci5ces4 ,! "* :i* !y _h accept$ z _! ideal w\ld h be5 de/roy$ by indiscrim9ate additions to ^? +r$i5ts ( :i* long exp]i5ce _h fix$ ! exact proportions4444 ,! la/ g5]ation ( ! ,engli% c\ntry ari/ocracy 0 p>ticul>ly ri* 9 *>act]s ^: unity & *>m 0 dep5d5t ^u ! limitations ( _! culture1 & :i* w\ld h be5 entirely alt]$1 p]haps n = ! bett]1 by simply kn[+ a sci5ce or a lit]ature t 0 dos$ to !m4 ,if any?+ c\ld be funni] ?an t1 x is t x is1 v possibly1 true4 ,let u end our que/-by-commons5se1 = ! mom5t1 on ?is2 t to read all ! books t h be5 writt5---9 %ort to keep pace ) ^? t are be+ writt5--is />kly impossible1 & 7z ,ari/otle w\ld say7 ab\t :at is impossible "o does n argue4 ,we mu/ select4 ,selection implies skilful practice4 ,skilful practice is only ano!r t]m = ,art4 ,s f> pla9 common-s5se leads u4 ,on ?is po9t1 !n1 let u set up a re/ & h>k back4 ,,ii ,let u ca/ back to ! ?ree t]ms ( my fir/ lecture--,:at does1 ,:at kn[s1 ,:at is4 ,i %all "h take leave to recapitulate a brief argum5t mu* sne]$ at a few ye>s ago :5 x 0 /ill fa%ionable to consid] ,hegel a great] philosoph] ?an ,plato4 ,abbreviat+ x ,i repeat x1 because ,i believe 9 x yet to-day1 :5 ,hegel 7= causes unconnect$ ) pure "r & wrong7 has gone some:at out ( fa%ion = a :ile4 ,z ! tale1 !n1 is told by ,plato1 9 ! t5? book ( ,! ,republic1 "o ,er ! son ( ,arm5ius1 a ,pamphylian1 0 sla9 9 battle2 & t5 days aft]w>ds1 :5 !y collect$ ! dead = burial1 8 body alone %[$ no ta9t ( corruption4 ,8 relatives1 h[ev]1 bore x (f to ! fun]al pyre2 & on ! twelf? day1 ly+ !re1 he return$ to life1 & he told !m :at he _h se5 9 ! o!r _w4 ,_m wond]s he relat$ conc]n+ ! dead1 = example1 ) _! rew>ds & puni%m5ts3 b :at _h impress$ him z mo/ wond]ful ( all 0 ! great sp9dle ( ,necessity1 rea*+ up to ,heav51 ) ! planets revolv+ ar\nd x 9 graduat$ :orls ( wid? & spread3 yet all conc5tric & s tim$ t all complete ! full circle punctually toge!r--',! ,sp9dle turns on ! knees ( ,necessity2 & on ! rim ( ea* :orl sits p]*$ a ,sir5 :o goes r\nd ) x1 hymn+ a s+le note2 ! eight notes toge!r =m+ "o h>mony4' ,n[ z--we h ! div9e ^w = x--^u two great comm&m5ts hang all ! law & ! prophets1 s all religions1 all philosophies1 hang ^u two /eadfa/ & fai?ful beliefs2 ! fir/ ( :i* ,plato w\ld %[ by ! above p>able4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 t ! /ability ( ! ,univ]se re/s ^u ord]$ motion--t ! 'firmam5t' above1 ar\nd1 b5ea?1 /&s firm1 cont9ues firm1 on a balance ( active & trem5d\s =ces someh[ h>moni\sly compos$4 ,!ology asks 'by ,:at8' or 'by ,:om8' ,philosophy incl9es r to ask ',h[8' ,natural ,sci5ce1 all[+ t = ! pres5t ^! que/ions are probably unansw]able1 cont5ts itself ) mapp+ & measur+ :at x c ( ! v>i\s =ces4 ,b all agree ab\t ! h>mony2 & :5 a ,galileo or a ,newton discov]s a s+le rule ( x = u1 he b makes our assurance sur]4 ,= unc\nt$ c5turies be=e ev] he>+ ( ,gravitation m5 knew ( ! sun t he rose & set1 ( ! moon t %e wax$ & wan$1 ( ! tides t !y fl[$ & ebb$1 all regul>ly1 at times to be pr$ict$2 ( ! />s t !y swung z by clockwork ar\nd ! pole4 ,says ! son ( ,sira*3 ,at ! ^w ( ! ,holy ,"o !y w /& 9 due ord]1 ,& !y w n fa9t 9 _! wat*es4 ,s evid5t is ?is calculat$ h>mony t m51 seek+ to int]pret x by :at 0 mo/ h>moni\s 9 !mselves or 9 _! human exp]i5ce1 suppos$ an actual ,music ( ! ,sph]es inaudible to mortals3 ,plato z we see 7:o le>n$ ( ,py?agoras7 inv5t+ 8 ,octave ( ,sir5s1 p]*$ on ! :orls ( ! great sp9dle & inton+ z !y sp94 ,dante 7,*auc] copy+ him 9 ,! ,p>lem5t ( ,f[ls7 makes ! sph]es n9e3 & s does ,milton3 !n li/5 ,i ,to ! cele/ial ,sir5s h>mony1 ,t sit ^u ! n9e infold$ ,sphe>s1 ,& s+ to ^? t hold ! vital %e>s1 ,& turn ! ,adamant9e sp9dle r\nd ,on :i* ! fate ( gods & m5 is w\nd4 ,su* sweet compulsion do? 9 musick lie ,to lull ! daught]s ( ,necessity1 ,& keep un/eady ,nature to h] law1 ,& ! l[ _w 9 measur'd motion draw ,aft] ! heav5ly tune4444 ,if ! sceptical m9d object to ! ^w law z begg+ ! "q & po/ulat+ a gov]n+ intellig5ce ) a gov]n+ w--if x tell me t :5 revolt$ ,lucif] uprose 9 />light-- & at ! />s1 ,:i* are ! bra9 ( heav51 he look'd1 & sank4 ,ar\nd ! anci5t track m>*'d1 rank on rank1 ,! army ( unalt]able law-- he 0 m]ely witness+ a s]ies ( pr$ictable or inv>iable recurr5ces1 ,i answ] t he may be "r1 x suffices = my argum5t t !y are recurr5t1 are inv>iable1 c be pr$ict$4 ,anyh[ ! ,univ]se is n ,*aos 7if x 71 by ! way1 we %\ld be unable to reason ab\t x at all74 ,x /&s & is r5ew$ ^u a h>mony3 & :at ,plato call$ ',necessity' is ! ,duty--compulsory or free z y or ,i c conceive x--! ,duty ( all creat$ ?+s to obey t h>mony1 ! ,duty ( :i* ,wordswor? tells 9 8 noble ,ode4 ,?\ do/ pres]ve ! />s f wrong3 ,& ! mo/ anci5t heav5s1 ?r\gh ,!e1 are fre% & /rong4 ,,iii ,n[ ! o!r & second great belief is1 t ! ,univ]se1 ! macrocosm1 _c be appreh5d$ at all except z its rays conv]ge ^u ! eye1 bra91 s\l ( ,man1 ! microcosm3 on y1 on me1 on ! t9y p]cipi5t c5tre ^u :i* ! imm5se cosmic circle focuses itself z ! sun ^u a burn+-glass--& he is n %rivell$ up6 ,o!r creatures1 he notes1 %>e 9 8 s5sations2 b1 s f> z he c discov]1 n 9 8 p]cipi5ce --or n 9 any degree wor? measur+4 ,s f> z he c discov]1 he is n only a bewild]$ actor 9 ! great pageant b '! r+ enclos+ all1' ! sole intellig5t spectator4 ,wond] ( wond]s1 x is all meant = him6 ,i d\bt if1 among m5 ( our nation1 ?is tru? 0 ev] m cle>ly grasp$ ?an by ! ,cambridge ,platoni/s :o taught y\r =]unn]s ( ! #ag? c5tury4 ,b ,i w quote y "h two %ort passages f ! "w ( a sort ( poor relation ( !irs1 a humble ,wel% p>son ( t "t1 ,?omas ,trah]ne-- unkn[n until ! day be=e ye/]day--f :om ,i gave y "o s5t5ce 9 my fir/ lecture4 ,he is speak+ ( ! fields & /reets t 7 ! sc5e ( 8 *ildhood3 ,^? pure & virg9 appreh5sions ,i _h f ! womb1 & t div9e light :]e) ,i 0 born are ! be/ unto ?is day1 :]e9 ,i c see ! ,univ]se4444 ,! corn 0 ori5t & immortal :eat1 :i* nev] %\ld be reap$1 nor 0 ev] s[n4 ,i ?\ght x _h /ood f ev]la/+ to ev]la/+4 ,! du/ & /ones ( ! /reet 7 z preci\s z gold3 ! gates 7 at fir/ ! end ( ! _w4 ,! gre5 trees :5 ,i saw !m fir/ ?r\gh "o ( ! gates transport$ & ravi%$ me4444 ,boys & girls tumbl+ 9 ! /reet1 & play+1 7 mov+ jewels4 ,i knew n t !y 7 born or %\ld die4444 ,! /reets 7 m9e1 ! temple 0 m9e1 ! p 7 m9e1 _! clo!s & gold & silv] 7 m9e1 z mu* z _! sp>kl+ eyes1 fair sk9s & ruddy faces4 ,! skies 7 m9e1 & s 7 ! sun & moon & />s2 & all ! ,_w 0 m9e2 & ,i ! only spectator & enjoy] ( x4 ,!n3 ,news f a =eign c\ntry came1 ,z if my treasure & my weal? lay !re2 ,s mu* x did my he>t inflame1 ',twas wont to call my ,s\l into m9e e>2 ,:i* ?i!r w5t to meet ,! approa*+ sweet1 ,& on ! ?re%old /ood ,to ent]ta9 ! unkn[n ,good4444 ,:at sacr$ in/9ct did inspire ,my ,s\l 9 *ildhood ) a hope to /rong8 ,:at secret =ce mov$ my desire ,to expect new joys beyond ! seas1 s "y8 ,felicity ,i knew ,0 out ( view1 ,& be+ "h alone1 ,i saw t happ9ess 0 gone ,f me6 ,= ?is ,i ?ir/$ abs5t bliss1 ,& ?\ght t sure beyond ! seas1 ,or else 9 some?+ ne> at h&-- ,i knew n yet 7s9ce naught did please ,i knew7 my ,bliss did /&4 ,b little did ! infant dream ,t all ! treasures ( ! _w 7 by3 ,& t himself 0 s ! cream ,& cr[n ( all :i* r\nd ab\t did lie4 ,yet ?us x 03 ! ,gem1 ,! ,diadem1 ,! ,r+ enclos+ all ,t /ood ^u ?is e>?ly ball1 ,! ,heav5ly ,eye1 ,mu* wid] ?an ! sky1 ,:]e9 !y all includ$ 71 ,! glori\s ,s\l1 t 0 ! ,k+ ,made to possess !m1 did appe> ,a small & little ?+6 ,& !n comes ! noble s5t5ce ( :i* ,i promis$ y t x %\ld fall into its place3 ,y nev] enjoy ! _w aright till ! sea itself fl[e? 9 y\r ve9s1 till y are clo!d ) ! heav5s & cr[n$ ) ! />s4 ,man 9 %ort--y1 ,i1 any "o ( u--! heir ( x all6 ,tot circa unum caput tumultuantes deos6 ,our be/ privilege to s+ our %ort lives out 9 tune ) ! heav5ly conc]t--& if to s+ aft]w>ds1 !n aft]w>ds6 ,,iv ,b h[ %all ,man ev] atta9 to und]/& & f9d 8 prop] place 9 ?is ,univ]se1 ?is great sweep+ h>moni\s circle ( :i* nev]!less he feels himself to be ! dim9utive focus8 ,8 s5ses are absurdly imp]fect4 ,8 e> _c cat* any music ! sph]es make2 & moreov] !re are probably nei!r sph]es nor music4 ,8 eye is s dull an in/rum5t t 7z ,blanco ,:ite's fam\s sonnet rem9ds u7 he c nei!r see ?is _w 9 ! d>k1 nor glimpse any ( ! scores ( o!rs until x falls d>k3 ,if ,light c ?us deceive1 :]e=e n ,life8 ,yet ! ,univ]sal ,h>mony is mean+less & no?+ to man save 9 s f> z he appreh5ds x3 & lack+ him 7s f> z he kn[s7 x utt]ly lacks ! complim5t ( an audi5ce4 ,is all ! great or*e/ra design$ = no?+ b to please its ,conductor8 ,yes1 if y *oose3 b no1 z ,i ?9k4 ,& "h my o!r quotation3 ,t all _s is mutually attractive1 z all matt] is mutually attractive1 is an ultimate fact4444 ,_s to _s-- z 9 wat] face answ]e? to face1 s ! he>t ( man to man4 ,yes &1 all _s be+ mutually attractive1 f> m ?an ?is6 ,i prea* to y t1 ?r\gh help ( eyes t are dim1 ( e>s t are dull1 by in/9ct ( some?+ yet undef9$--call x s\l--x wants no less a "n--,man has a native impulse & attraction & ye>n+ to m]ge himself 9 t h>mony & be "o ) x3 a _s ( adoption 7z ,/ ,paul says7 :]eby we cry ,abba1 ,fa!r6 ,& because ye are ,sons1 ,god ha? s5t =? ! ,_s ( ,8 ,son into y\r he>ts1 cry+ ,abba1 ,fa!r4 ,t is to say1 we "k we h some?+ )9 u correspond5t to ! h>mony1 & 7,i make bold to say7 unless we h dead5$ x ) l[ desires1 wor?y to jo9 9 x4 ,ev5 9 8 common daily life ,man is = ev] seek+ aft] h>mony1 9 avoidance ( *aos3 he cultivates habits by ! clock1 he =ms committees1 gov]nm5ts1 hi]>*ies1 laws1 con/itutions1 by :i* 7z he hopes7 a sy/em ( society w "w 9 tune4 ,b ^! are *ildi% imitations1 und]play on ! great motive3 ,! ,k+dom ( ,god is )9 y4 ,quid aliud e/ anima quam ,deus 9 corpore humano hospitans8 ,v ,g5tlem51 y may be ?9k+ t ,i h br\ght y a long way r\nd1 t ! h\r is we>+ late1 & t we are yet f> f ! prey we fir/ hunt$ on ! l9e ( common-s5se4 ,b be pati5t = a m9ute or two1 = almo/ we h our h& on ! animal4 ,if ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 or any?+ correspond5t to x1 be )9 u1 ev5 9 su* specks ( du/ z we sep>ately are1 :y t1 & t only1 c be ! light by :i* y or ,i may hope to read ! ,univ]sal3 t1 & t only1 des]ves ! "n ( ',:at ,is4' ,nay1 ,i c conv9ce y 9 a mom5t4 ,let me recall a passage ( ,em]son quot$ by me on ! morn+ ,i fir/ _h ! hon\r to address an audi5ce 9 ,cambridge3 ,x is rem>kable 7says he7 t involunt>ily we always read z sup]ior be+s4 ,univ]sal hi/ory1 ! poets1 ! romanc]s1 d n 9 _! /atelie/ pictures 444 any:]e make u feel t we intrude1 t ?is is = bett] m52 b r is x true t 9 _! gr&e/ /rokes we feel mo/ at home4 ,all t ,%akespe>e says ( ! k+1 yond] slip ( a boy t reads 9 ! corn] feels to be true ( himself4 ,x is rem>kable1 z ,em]son says2 & yet1 z we n[ see1 q simple4 ,a le>n$ man may patronise a less le>n$ "o3 b ! ,k+dom ( ,god _c patronise ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 ! l>g] ! small]4 ,!re are l>ge & small4 ,betwe5 ^! two my/]ies ( a h>moni\s univ]se & ! inw>d s\l are grant$ to live among u c]ta9 m5 ^: m9ds & s\ls ?r[ out filam5ts m delicate ?an ours1 vibrat+ to f> messages :i* !y br+ home1 to report !m to u2 & ^! m5 we call prophets1 poets1 ma/]s1 great arti/s1 & :5 !y write x1 we call _! report lit]ature4 ,b x is by ! sp>k 9 u t we read x3 & n all ! fire ( ,god t 0 9 ,%akespe>e c d>e to patronise ! little sp>k 9 me4 ,if x did1 ,i c see--) ,blake--! angelic ho/ ?r[ d[n _! spe>s ,& wat] heav5 ) _! te>s4 ,,vi ,to nurse t sp>k1 common to ! k+1 ! sage1 ! poore/ *ild--to fan1 to draw up to a flame1 to 'educate' ,:at ,is--to recognise t x is div9e1 yet frail1 t5d]1 sometimes easily tir$1 easily qu5*$ "u piles ( book-le>n+--to let x run at play v (t51 ev5 m (t5 to let x re/ 9 :at ,wordswor? calls a wise passiv5ess passive--to use a simile ( ,cov5try ,patmore--z a photographic plate :i* f9ds />s t no telescope c discov]1 simply by wait+ ) its face turn$ upw>d--to "m x1 9 %ort1 z wise mo!rs d _! *ildr5--?is is :at ,i mean by ! ,art ( ,read+4 ,= all great ,lit]ature1 ,i w\ld la/ly obs]ve1 is g5tle t[>ds t _s :i* le>ns ( x4 ,x tea*es by appreh5sion n by compreh5sion--:i* is :at _m philosoph]s try to d1 &1 9 try+1 break _! jugs & spill ! cont5ts4 ,lit]ature und]/&s man & ( :at he is capable4 ,philosophy1 on ! o!r h&1 may n be 'h>% & crabb$1 z dull fools suppose1' b ! tr\ble ) mo/ ( its practition]s is t !y try to compreh5d ! ,univ]se4 ,n[ ! man :o c\ld compreh5d ! ,univ]se w\ld ipso facto compreh5d ,god1 & be ipso facto a ,sup]-,god1 able to de?rone him1 & 9 ! arrogance ( 8 intellectual conceit full ready to make ! attempt4 ,footnote #a3 ,d y rememb]1 by ! by1 ,samuel ,rog]s's l9es on ,lady ,jane ,grey8 ,!y h always seem$ to me v beautiful3 ,l h] mo/ g5tle1 mo/ un=tunate1 ,cr[n'd b to die--:o 9 h] *amb] sate ,mus+ ) ,plato1 ?\gh ! horn 0 bl[n1 ,& e e> & e he>t 0 won1 ,& all 9 gre5 array 7 *as+ d[n ! sun6 ,,lecture ,,iii ,,*ildr5',s ,,read+ 7,i7 ,,w$nesday1 ,,janu>y #bd1 #aiag ,i h (t5 wi%$1 ,g5tlem51 t "s m w9n+ "n c\ld be f\nd = ! ?+ we call ,education2 & ,i h sometimes ?\ght wi/fully t1 _h we made a bett] ?+ ( x1 we %\ld long ago h f\nd a m amiable1 a bli!r1 "n4 ,= aft] all x conc]ns ! *ild2 & is x q an accid5t t1 wean+ him away f lovely ?+s t s lovelily call !mselves 'love1' 'home1' '"m1' we c f9d no m allur+ titles = ! /reets into :i* we entrap him ?an ',educational ,facilities1' ',local ,exam9ations1' ',preceptors1' ',p$agogues1' ',pr(essors1' ',matriculations1' ',c]tificates1' ',diplomas1' ',sem9>ies1' ,elem5t>y or ,prim>y1 & ,second>y ,codes1' ',cont9uation ,classes1' ',re=matories1' ',inspectors1' ',local ,au?orities1' ',provid$' & ',non-,provid$1' ',d5om9ational' & ',und5om9ational1' & ',d4,litt4' & ',mus4 ,bac4'8 ,expressive t]ms1 no d\bt6--b ,i ask ) ! poet ,:o c track ,a ,grace's nak$ foot amid !m all8 ,take ev5 su* words z %\ld be p]5nially beautiful by connotation-words su* z ',academy1' ',museum4' ,does ! "o 7,o1 ,ode on a ,di/ant ,prospect ( ,clapham ,academy67 call up visions ( t gre5 lawn by ,cephissus1 ( its olives & plane trees & ! mirror$ /atues among :i* ,plato walk$ & held disc\rse ) 8 few8 ,does ! o!r z a rule invite to haunts 7,o ,god6 ,o ,montreal67 :]e y c be secure ( communion ) ,apollo & ! ,n9e8 ,answ] if ! ^w ,academy does n fir/ call up to ! m9d "s place :]e small boys are cramm$1 ! ^w ,museum "s place :]e bigg] game are /uff$8 ,& yet 'academy1' 'museum1' ev5 'education' are s\nd words if only we w\ld make ! ?+s correspond ) _! mean+s4 ,! mean+ ( 'education' is a lead+ out1 a draw+-=?2 n an imposition ( some?+ on somebody--a cate*ism or an uncle-- ^u ! *ild2 b an elicit+ ( :at is )9 him4 ,n[1 if y foll[$ my la/ lecture1 we f9d t :i* is )9 him to be no less1 pot5tially1 ?an ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,i grant t ?is pot5tiality is1 betwe5 ! ages ( f\r & sixte51 n always1 p]haps n (t51 evid5t4 ,! boy--9 ,bagehot's phrase '! small apple-eat+ ur*9 :om we "k'-- has ?is 9 common ) ! fruit = :i* he cong5itally s9s1 t 8 v virtues 9 immaturity are apt1 sett+ ! tee? on edge1 to be mi/ak5 = vices4 ,a writ]1 to :om ,i %all recur1 has said3 ,if an ,engli%man :o _h nev] be=e ta/$ an apple 7 to eat "o 9 ,july1 he w\ld probably come to ! conclusion t x 0 a h>d1 s\r1 indige/ible fruit1 conceiv$ 9 s9 & %ap5 9 iniquity1' fit only to be consign$ to p]dition 7on a du/ heap or else:]e74 ,b if ! same man 7 to wait till ,octob] & !n eat an apple f ! same tree1 he w\ld f9d t ! s\rness _h rip5$ into :olesome & refre%+ acidity2 ! h>dness into firmness ( fibre :i*1 besides be+ pleasant to ! palate1 makes ! apple 'keep' bett] ?an any o!r fruit2 ! indige/ibility into c]ta9 valuable dietetic qualities1 & s on4444 ,9 o!r words--tr5*1 manure1 hoe & wat] ar\nd y\r "y tree1 & pati5tly all[ ! "y fruit to develop ( its own juice f ! root2 y\r own task be+1 z ! fruit =ms1 b to br+ 9 all y c ( air & sun%9e ^u x4 ,x mu/1 z e "m & nurse kn[s1 be coax$ to realise itself1 to develop1 to gr[ f its individual root4 ,x may be coax$ & tra9$4 ,b ! ma9 secret lies 9 enc\rag+ x to gr[1 &1 to t end1 9 p\r+ sun%9e ^u x & hoe+ aft] ea* visitation ( te>s p>5tally induc$4 ,e *ild wants to gr[4 ,e *ild wants to le>n4 ,dur+ 8 fir/ ye> or s ( life he fights = bodily nutrim5t1 almo/ f]oci\sly4 ,f ! age ( two or !reab\ts he valiantly essays ! conque/ ( articulate spee*1 us+ x fir/ to id5tify 8 fa!r or 8 "m amid ! common h]d ( ,g5tiles2 next1 to dem& a m lib]al & v>i$ diet>y2 anon1 z h&maid ( 8 imp]i\s w to le>n4 ,?is desire1 /ill 9 ! nurs]y1 climbs--l dissolution 9 ,wordswor?'s sonnet--f l[ to high3 f a crav+ to discov] exp]im5tally :at ! /oma* w assimilate & :at reject1 up to a k+ly debonair int]e/ 9 teleology4 ,our "y g5tleman is p]fectly at ease 9 ,sion4 ,he wants to "k :y soldi]s are 7or 77 r$1 & if !y 7 born s2 :5ce bread & milk is d]iv$1 & w\ld x be good mann]s to ?ank ! neat c[ = bo?2 :y mamma m>ri$ papa1 &--t hav+ be5 expla9$ & ?\ghtfully accept$ z ! be/ possible arrangem5t--/ill ?\ghtfully1 n 9 ! lea/ c5sori\sly1 ':y ! ,all-,fa!r has n m>ri$ yet8' ,he falls asleep weigh+ ! eligibility ( v>i\s sp9/]s1 *ur*-work]s1 9 ! p>i%4 ,8 bra9 teem+ ) que/ions1 he asks !m ( impulse & makes 8 discov]ies ) joy4 ,he passes to a s*ool1 :i* is suppos$ to exi/ = ! purpose ( answ]+ ^! or cognate que/ions ev5 be=e he asks !m3 & behold1 he is n happy6 ,or1 he is happy en\gh at play1 or at do+ 9 class ! ?+s t %\ld n be done 9 class3 8 ma/] writes home t he suff]s 9 8 s*ool "w 'f hav+ always m animal spirits ?an are requir$ = 8 imm$iate purposes4' ,:at is ! tr\ble8 ,y _c expla9 x by home-sickness3 = x attacks day boys alike ) bo>d]s4 ,y _c expla9 x by say+ t all true le>n+ involves 'drudg]y1' unless y make t mis]able ^w a m5dicant & =ce x to beg ! "q4 ',drudg]y' is :at y feel to be drudg]y-- ,:o sweeps a room1 z = ?y laws1 ,makes t & ?' action f9e4 --&1 anyh[1 ?is *ild le>n$ "o language--,engli%1 a mo/ difficult "o--eag]ly4 ,( ! nurs]y ?r\gh :i* ,i pass$ only "o si/] wept :ile le>n+ to read1 & t 0 ov] a s*ola/ic "w entitl$ ,read+ ,)\t ,te>s4 ,d y "k a *apt] 9 ,mr ,william ,canton's book ,! ,invisible ,playmate 9 :i*1 z ,c>lyle dealt 9 ,s>tor ,res>tus ) an imag9>y treatise by an imag9>y ,h]r ,teufelsdrckh1 z ,mat!w ,arnold 9 ,fri5d%ip's ,g>l& ) ! imag9>y lett]s ( an imag9>y ,arm9ius 7,g]many 9 long-pa/ happi] days l5t ! _w ^! playful philosophical spirits71 s ! lat] au?or inv5ts an old village gr&papa1 ) ! gr&papa-"n ( ,altegans & a prose-poem pr9t$ 9 sc>ecr[ duodecimo on pap]-bag pages & entitl$ ,er/] ,s*ulgang1 'fir/ s*ool-go+1' or 'fir/ day at s*ool'8 ,! poem op5s ) a wond]ful vision ( *ildr52 delightful z x is unexpect$2 z romantic 9 pres5tm5t z x is commonplace 9 fact4 ,all ov] ! _w--& all "u x too1 :5 _! "t comes--! *ildr5 are troop+ to s*ool4 ,! great globe sw+s r\nd out ( ! d>k into ! sun2 !re is always morn+ some:]e2 & = ev] 9 ?is %ift+ region ( ! morn+-light ! good ,altegans sees ! little ones afoot--- %9+ companies & gr\ps1 c\ples & bright solit>y figures2 = !y all seem to h a s(t heav5ly light ab\t !m4 ,he sees !m 9 c\ntry lanes & ru/ic villages2 on lonely moorl&s 444 he sees !m on ! hillsides 444 9 ! woods1 on ! /epp+-/ones t cross ! brook 9 ! gl51 along ! seacliffs & on ! wat]-ribb$ s&s2 trespass+ on ! railway l9es1 mak+ %ort cuts ?r\gh ! corn1 sitt+ 9 ! f]ry-boats2 he sees !m 9 ! cr[d$ /reets ( smoky cities1 9 small rocky isl&s1 9 places f> inl& :]e ! sea is kn[n only z a /range tradition4 ,! morn+-side ( ! planet is alive ) !m3 "o he>s _! patt]+ foot/eps ev]y:]e4 ,& z ! va/ cont95ts sweep ea/]+ out ( ! high %ad[ :i* rea*es beyond ! moon' 444 & z new nations ) _! cities & villages1 _! fields1 woods1 m\nta9s & sea-%ores1 rise up into ! morn+-side1 lo6 fre% troops1 & /ill fre% troops1 & yet aga9 fre% troops ( ^! s*ool-go+ *ildr5 ( ! dawn4 ,:at are wea!r & season to ?is incessant panorama ( *ildhood8 ,! pigmy p trudge ?r\gh ! sn[ on moor & hill-side2 wade d[n flood$ roads2 are n to be daunt$ by w9d or ra91 fro/ or ! :ite smo!r ( 'mill]s & bak]s at fi/icuffs4' ,mo/ beautiful picture ( all1 he sees !m travell+ s*oolw>d by ! late moonlight :i* n[ & aga9 9 ! w9t] mon?s prec$es ! t>dy dawn4 ,t vision /rikes me z be+ poetically true z well z delightful3 by :i* ,i mean t x is n s5tim5tal3 we "k t x ought to be true1 t 9 a _w well-ord]$ accord+ to our be/ wi%es = x1 x w\ld be naturally true4 ,x expresses ! natural love ( ,age1 brood+ on ! natural eag] joy ( *ildr54 ,b t natural eag] joy is j :at our s*ools1 9 ! matt] ( read+1 consci5ti\sly kill4 ,9 ?is matt] ( read+-( *ildr5's read+--we /&1 j n[1 or halt j n[1 betwe5 two ways4 ,! p>5t1 ,i believe1 has decisively won back to ! "r "o :i* good mo!rs nev] q =sook4 ,!re 0 an int]val1 la/+ f ! e>ly ye>s ( ! la/ c5tury until midway 9 ,que5 ,victoria's reign & a little beyond1 :5 *ildr5 7 ma9ly br\ght up on ! assumption ( natural vice4 ,!y might adore fa!r & "m1 & ye>n to be bett] fri5ds ) papa3 b !re 0 ! old ,adam1 a quick5+ evil _s2 !re 7 8 imps always 9 ! way1 conf\nd !m6 ,i myself liv$1 ) excell5t gr&p>5ts1 = sev]al ye>s on pretty close t]ms ) ,hell & an all-see+ ,eye2 until ,i grew s utt]ly we>y ( bo? t ,i h nev] s9ce _h ! smalle/ use = ei!r4 ,"s ( y may h read1 z a curi\s book1 ! agreeable hi/ory call$ ,! ,fair*ild ,family1 9 :i* ,mr ,fair*ild leads 8 naughty *ildr5 afield to a gall[s by a cross-road & seat+ !m "u ! sw++ corpse ( a malefactor1 d$uces h[ easily !y may come to ?is if !y g on z !y h be5 go+4 ,! au?ors ( su* monitory or caution>y tales und]/ood b "o =m ( developm5t1 ! developm5t ( ,orig9al ,s94 ,y /ole a p9 & proce$$1 by fatal /eps1 to ! p5it5ti>y2 y ?rew a /ick at a pheasant1 turn$ poa*]1 %ot a gamekeep] & end$ on ! gall[s4 ,y 7 always ,eric & x 0 always ,little by ,little ) y4444 ,/ay6 memory pres]ves "o gem f a ,sunday s*ool dialogue1 "o %>p-cut intaglio ( *ildhood spr++ fully arm$ f ! head ( ,satan3 ,q4 ,:]e ha/ ?\ be5 ?is ,sabba? morn+8 ,a4 ,i h be5 c\rs+ ( ! squirrel4 ,q4 ,art n afraid s to desecrate ! ,"l's ,day ) idle sport8 ,a4 ,by no means3 = ,i %\ld tell y t ,i am an ,a!i/4 ,i =get :at happ5$ to t boy3 b d\btless x 01 z x %\ld h be51 some?+ dra/ic4 ,! spell ( prohibition1 ( repression1 lies s /rong ^u ^! au?ors t :5 !y try to break away f x1 to appeal to some?+ bett] ?an fe> 9 ! *ild1 & essay to amuse1 !y become m]ely silly4 ,= an example 9 v]se3 ,if ,human ,be+s only knew ,:at sorr[s little birds g ?r\gh1 ,i ?9k t ev5 boys ,w\ld nev] ?9k x sport or fun ,to /& & fire a frightful gun ,= no?+ b ! noise4 ,= ano!r 7in/ructional & q a good memoria te*nica s f> z x goes73 ,william & ,m>y came next to ! ?rone3 ,:5 ,m>y di$1 !re 0 ,william alone4 ,n[ = a /ory ( incid5t4--,x comes f ! book ,read+ ,)\t ,te>s1 t made my small si/] weep4 ,%e did n weep ov] ! /ory1 because %e did n claim to be an angel4 ,did y ev] he> ( ! donkey t w5t into ! sea ) ! little c>t8444 ,a lady drove ! c>t d[n to ! bea*4 ,%e _h six *ildr5 ) h]4 ,?ree little ones sat 9 ! c>t by h] side4 ,?ree bigg] girls ran be=e ! c>t4 ,:5 !y came to ! bea* ! lady & ! *ildr5 got out4 ,v good s f>4 ,x op5s l ! /ory ( ,nausicaa ,odyssey1 ,book vi1 l9es #ha-hf4 ,! lady wi%$ ! donkey to ba! its legs 9 ! sea1 to make x /rong & clean4 ,b ! donkey did n l to g ne> ! sea4 ,s ! lady b\nd a br[n %awl ov] its eyes1 & %e bade ! big girls lead x close to ! waves4 ,sudd5ly a big wave ru%$ to ! l&4 ,! girls />t$ back to avoid ! wave1 & !y let g ! donkey's re94 ,! donkey 0 al>m$ by ! noise ! girls made1 & x w5t into ! sea1 n kn[+ :]e x 0 go+ because x 0 n able to see4 ,! girls ran scream+ to ! lady1 cry+ out1 ',! donkey is 9 ! sea6' ,!re x 01 go+ fur!r & fur!r into ! sea1 till ! c>t 0 hidd5 by ! bill[s4 ,! donkey sank l[] & l[] e mom5t1 till no "p ( x 0 se5 b ! e>s2 = ! br[n %awl 0 ov] its nose & m\?4 ,n[ ! *ildr5 began to bawl & to bell[6 ,b no "o hallo$ s l\d z ! little boy ( f\r4 ,8 "n 0 ,m]ty4 ,he fe>$ t ! donkey 0 dr[n$4444 ,two fi%]m5 7 9 a boat f> away4 ,!y said ',we he> h[ls & %rieks on ! %ore4 ,p]haps a boy or girl is dr[n+4 ,let u g & save him3 ,s !y r[$ h>d1 & !y soon came to ! poor donkey1 & saw its e>s peep+ out ( ! sea4 ,! donkey 0 j go+ to s9k :5 !y lift$ x up by ! jaws1 & seiz$ ! bridle & dragg$ x along4 ,! *ildr5 on ! %ore %\t$ al\d = joy4 ,! donkey ) ! c>t came safe to l&4 ,! poor creature 0 weak & dripp+ wet4 ,! fi%]m5 unb\nd its eyes1 & said to ! lady1 ',we _c ?9k h[ ?is ?+ came to be ov] its eyes4' ,! lady said %e wi%$ %e _h n b\nd up its eyes1 & %e gave ! %ill+s 9 h] purse to ! fi%]m5 :o _h sav$ h] donkey4 ,n[ e *ild kn[s t a donkey may *ange into a ,fairy ,pr9ce3 t is a tru? ( imag9ation4 ,b to be polite & say no?+ ( ! lady1 e *ild kn[s t s donkey w\ld be ass en\gh to behave z 9 ?is n>rative4 ,& ! good p>5ts :o1 ?r\gh\t ! lat] #ah? c5tury & ! #ai?1 inflict$ ?is /uff ^u *ildr51 7 s9n+ aga9/ ! light4 ,p]rault's ,fairy ,tales1 & ,madame ,d',aulnoy's 7 to _! h& 9 translations2 ,le ,cab9et des ,fes1 :i* includes ^! & ,m4 ,gall&'s ,arabian ,nights & _m ano!r collection ( delectable /ories1 ext5ds on my %elves to #da volumes 7! la/ volume appe>$ dur+ ! fury ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution674 ,! bro!rs ,grimm publi%$ ! fir/ volume ( _! immortal tales 9 #ahab1 ! second 9 #ahad4 ,a capital selection f !m1 *>m+ly r5d]$1 0 edit$ by our ,edg> ,taylor 9 #ahbc2 & drew f ,sir ,walt] ,scott a lett] ( :i* "s s5t5ces are wor? our pond]+4 ,he writes3 ,!re is also a sort ( wild fairy int]e/ 9 ^! tales :i* makes me ?9k !m fully bett] adapt$ to awak5 ! imag9ation & s(t5 ! he>t ( *ildhood ?an ! good-boy /ories :i* h be5 9 lat] ye>s compos$ = !m4 ,9 ! latt] case _! m9ds are1 z x 71 put into ! /ocks 444 & ! moral always consi/s 9 good moral conduct be+ cr[n$ ) temporal success4 ,tru? is1 ,i w\ld n give "o te> %$ ov] ,little ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood = all ! b5efit to be d]iv$ f a hundr$ hi/ories ( ,jemmy ,good*ild4 ,few n[adays1 ,i d\bt1 rememb] ,gamm] ,gre!l4 ,%e has be5 ou/$ by complet]1 maybe f> bett]1 translations ( ! ,grimms' ,h\sehold ,tales4 ,b turn+ back1 ! o!r day1 to ! old volume = ! old sake's sake 7z we say 9 ! ,we/7 ,i came on ! ,preface--no *ild tr\bles ) a ,preface--& on ^! wise words3 ,mu* might be urg$ aga9/ t too rigid & philosophic 7we might r say1 unphilosophic7 exclusion ( works ( fancy & fiction f ! libr>ies ( *ildr5 :i* is advocat$ by "s4 ,our imag9ation is surely z susceptible ( improvem5t by ex]cise z our judgm5t or our memory4 ,& t admirable s5t5ce1 ,g5tlem51 is ! real text ( my disc\rse to-day4 ,i lay no s5tim5tal /ress ^u ,wordswor?'s ,ode & its doctr9e t ',heav5 lies ab\t u 9 our infancy4' ,x 01 z y "k1 a fav\rite doctr9e ) our ,platoni/s ( ! #ag? c5tury3 & critics :o trace back ! ,ode ,intimations ( ,immortality to ,h5ry ,vaughan's ,happy ^? e>ly days1 :5 ,i ,%9$ 9 my ,angel-infancy4 might connect x ) a doz5 passages f au?ors ( t c5tury4 ,"h is "o f ,c5turies ( ,m$itations by t poor ,wel% p>son1 ,?omas ,trah]ne1 :om ,i quot$ to y ! o!r day3 ,^? pure & virg9 appreh5sions ,i _h f ! womb1 & t div9e light :]e) ,i 0 born are ! be/ unto ?is day1 :]e9 ,i c see ! ,univ]se4 ,by ! ,gift ( ,god !y att5d$ me into ! _w1 & by ,8 special fav\r ,i rememb] !m till n[4444 ,c]ta9ly ,adam 9 ,p>adise _h n m sweet & curi\s appreh5sions ( ! _w1 ?an ,i :5 ,i 0 a *ild4 ,& "h is ano!r f ,john ,e>le's ,"* ( ',a ,*ild' 9 8 ,microcosmography3 ,8 fa!r ha? writ him z 8 own little /ory1 :]e9 he reads ^? days ( 8 life t he _c rememb]2 & sighs to see :at innoc5ce he has out-liv'd4 ,he is ! ,*ri/ian's example1 & ! old man's relapse3 ! "o imitates 8 pur5ess1 & ! o!r falls into 8 simplicity4 ,c\ld he put (f 8 body ) 8 little coat1 he _h got ,et]nity )\t a bur!n1 & ex*ang'd b "o ,heav5 = ano!r4 ,be?9k+ me aga9 ( '! small apple-eat+ ur*9 :om we "k1' ,i suspect an amiable fallacy 9 all ?is3 ,i d\bt if :5 he scales an apple-be>+ tree :i* is nei!r 8 own nor 8 papa's he does s "u impulse ( any consci\s ye>n+ back to ,hi]usalem1 8 happy home1 ,:]e trees = ev]more be> fruit4 ,at any rate1 ,i h an or*>d1 & he has put up _m excuses1 b nev] yet t he 0 recollect+ ,sion4 ,/ill ! doctr9e holds aff9ity ) ! belief :i* ,i firmly hold & tri$ to expla9 to y ) p]suasion la/ t]m3 t1 boy or man1 y & ,i1 ! microcosms1 d--s5sibly1 half-s5sibly1 or ins5sibly--ye>n1 ?r\gh :at we feel to be be/ 9 u1 to 'jo9 up' ) ! great] h>mony2 t by poetry or religion or :atnot we h t )9 u :i* craves to be drawn out1 'e-ducat$1' & l9k$ up4 ,n[ ! rule ( ! nurs]y 9 ! la/ c5tury re/$ on ,orig9al ,s91 & consequ5tly & q logically t5d$ n to educate1 b to repress4 ,!re are no new fairy-tales ( ! days :5 y\r gr&mo!rs wore cr9ol9es--,i "k1 = ,i h se>*$4 ,mo!rs & nurses taught ! old ones2 ! ,?ree ,be>s /ill f\nd1 "o aft] ano!r1 t 'somebody has be5 sleep+ 9 my b$'2 ,fatima cont9u$ to call ',si/] ,anne1 d y see anyone com+8' ! ,wolf to %[ h] tee? "u h] nightcap & sn>l out 7,o1 great mom5t67 ',all ! bett] to eat y )1 my de>4' ,b ! ,evangelicals held field4 ,^? ( our gr&fa!rs & gr&mo!rs :o und]/ood joy & mu/ h _h fairies = m9i/]s--^? ( our gr&mo!rs :o play$ croquet ?r\gh hoop ) a bell & practis$ ,cupid's own sport ar*]y--^? ( our gr&fa!rs :o wore jolly peg-top tr\s]s & ,dundre>y :isk]s1 & built ! ,cry/al ,palace & drove to ! ,d]by 9 gre5-veil$ top-hats ) ,dut* dolls /uck ab\t ! brim--tot circa unum caput tumultuantes deos--& ^? spl5did uncles :o us$ to desc5d on ! old s*ool 9 a %[] ( gold-- half-a-sov]eign at ! v lea/--all ^! %\ld h trail$ fairies ) !m 9 a cl\d4 ,b 9 practice ! evangelical p>5t held ! majority1 put away all toys b ,noah's ,ark on ,sundays1 & vot$ ! fairies d[n4 ,i "k n :o conv]t$ ! p>5ts4 ,x may h be5 t b5efactor ( ,europe1 ,hans ,*ri/ian ,&]s51 born at ,od5see 9 ,d5m>k 9 ,april #ahje4 ,he di$1 ne> ,cop5hag51 9 #ahge1 hav+ by a few mon?s outliv$ 8 #gj? bir?day4 ,i l to ?9k t 8 g5ius1 a cont9u+ influ5ce ov] a long g5]ation1 did m ?an any?+ else to conv]t ! p>5ts4 ,! s*ools1 always m royali/ ?an ! ,k+1 pr(essionally bleak1 pr(essionally dull1 pr(essionally repressive r ?an educative1 held on to a tradition :i*1 ?\gh x _h to be on ! sly1 e intellig5t "m & nurse _h done h] be/ to evade4 ,! s*ools made a boy's life p5it5tial on a sy/em4 ,!y discov]$ a?letics1 z a safety-valve = high spirits !y c\ld n cope )1 & promptly made t safety-valve compulsory6 ,!y w5t on to make a?letics a religion4 ,n[ a?letics are n prop]ly a religi\s ex]cise1 & _! mean+ evaporates z soon z y enli/ !m 9 ! s]vice ( repression4 ,!y are be+ us$ to d ! exact opposite ( t = :i* ,god meant !m4 ,?+s are bett] n[3 b 9 ^? times h[ _m a boy1 hav+ long look$ =w>d to x1 rejoic$ 9 8 la/ day at s*ool8 ,i "k surely en\gh :at mu/ be 9 y\r m9ds at ?is po9t3 ,i am runn+ up my head h>d aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ,orig9al ,s91 aga9/ ! doctr9e t 9 deal+ ) a *ild y are deal+ ) a 'fall5 nature1' ) a human s\l 'conceiv$ 9 s91' unreg5]ate except by repression2 & !re=e t repression & m repression mu/ be ! only logical way ) y\r ,orig9al ,s9n]s4 ,well1 !n1 ,i am4 ,i h lov$ *ildr5 all my life2 /udi$ !m 9 ! nurs]y1 /udi$ !m = ye>s--t5 or twelve ye>s intimately--9 elem5t>y s*ools4 ,i "k = a surety1 if ,i h acquir$ any k1 t ! *ild is a '*ild ( ,god' r ?an a ',*ild ( wra?'2 & "h be=e y ,i proclaim t to connect 9 any *ild's m9d ! ,book ( ,jo%ua ) ! ,gospels1 to make its ,jehovah id5tical 9 t "y m9d ) ! ,fa!r ( ,m]cy ( :om ,jesus 0 ! ,son1 to confuse1 z we d 9 any s*ool 9 ?is l& betwe5 #i4e & #i4de a4m41 t blood?ir/y tribal deity :om ! ,hoh5zoll]n family invokes ) ! true ,god ! ,fa!r1 is a blasphem\s usage1 & a curse4 ,b let me get away to mild] h]esies4 ,if y w conc$e = a mom5t t ! bett] way ) a *ild is to draw out1 to educate1 r ?an to repress1 :at is 9 him1 let u obs]ve :at he in/9ctively wants4 ,n[ fir/1 ( c\rse1 he wants to eat & dr9k1 & to run ab\t4 ,:5 he passes beyond ^! m]ely animal desires to :at we may call ! in/9ct ( gr[? 9 8 s\l1 h[ does he proce$8 ,i ?9k ,mr ,holmes1 :om ,i h already quot$1 v fairly sets out ^! desires z any gr[n-up p]son c p]ceive !m4 ,! *ild desires 7#a7 to talk & to li/52 7#b7 to act 79 ! dramatic s5se ( ! ^w72 7#c7 to draw1 pa9t & model2 7#d7 to dance & s+2 7#e7 to "k ! :y ( ?+s 7#f7 to con/ruct ?+s4 ,n[ ,i %all h some?+ to say by & by on ! amaz+ prepond]ance 9 ?is li/ ( ^? in/9cts :i* ,ari/otle w\ld h call$ mimetic4 ,?is morn+ ,i take only ! lea/ imitative ( all1 ! desire to "k ! :y ( ?+s4 ,surely y "k1 tak+ only ?is1 t ! ma/]-key admitt+ a *ild to all1 or almo/ all1 palaces ( k is 8 ability to read4 ,:5 he has grasp$ t key ( 8 "m-tongue he c ) p]sev]ance unlock all doors to all ! av5ues ( k4 ,m--he has ! passport to heav5s unguess$4 ,y w p]ceive at once t :at ,i mean "h by 'read+' is ! capacity = sil5t read+1 tak+ a book ap>t & ma/]+ x2 & y w be> 9 m9d ! wond] t ,i prea*$ to y 9 a previ\s lecture--t great lit]ature nev] condesc5ds1 t :at yond] boy 9 a corn] reads ( a k+ is happ5+ to him4 ,d y suppose t 9 an elem5t>y s*ool "o *ild 9 t5 reads ?us8 ,li/5 to a wise ex-inspector1 ^: words ,i c corroborate ( exp]i5ce3 ,! fir/ ?+ t /rikes ! visitor :o ent]s an ord9>y elem5t>y s*ool :ile a read+ lesson is 9 progress is t ! *ildr5 are n read+ at all1 9 ! accept$ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,!y are n read+ to !mselves1 n /udy+1 n ma/]+ ! cont5ts ( ! book1 n assimilat+ ! m5tal & spiritual nutrim5t t x may be suppos$ to conta94 ,!y are /&+ up "o by "o & read+ al\d to _! tea*]4 ,ah6 b ,i h se5 f> worse ?an t4 ,i h visit$ & condemn$ rural s*ools :]e ! practice 0 to /& a class up--- say a class ( ?irty *ildr5--& make !m read 9 unison3 :i* meant1 ( c\rse1 t ! front r[ *ant$ out ! lesson :ile ! back r[s made in>ticulate noises4 ,i well rememb] "o su* exhibition1 9 a remote c\ntry s*ool on ! ,corni% hills1 & hav+ my att5tion arre/$ midway by ! face ( a girl 9 ! ?ird r[4 ,%e 0 a /rik+ly beautiful *ild1 ) t comb9ation ( bright auburn1 almo/ flam+1 hair ) d>k eyebr[s1 d>k eyela%es1 d>k eyes1 :i* ( itself arre/s y\r gaze1 be+ s r>e2 & ^? eyes seem$ to *all5ge me half scornfully & ask1 ',are y really tak5 9 by all ?is8' ,well1 ,i soon /opp$ ! p]=mance & requir$ ea* *ild to read sep>ately3 :]eupon x turn$ out t1 9 ! upp] /&>ds ( ?is s*ool ( #gj or #hj *ildr51 "o only-- ?is disda9ful girl--c\ld get ?r\gh half a doz5 easy s5t5ces ) cr$it4 ,%e read well & intellig5tly1 be+ accu/om$ to read to h]self1 at home4 ,i d>esay t ?is bad old me?od ( block-read+ is dead by ?is "t4 ,read+ al\d & sep>ately is excell5t = sev]al purposes4 ,x te/s capacity3 x tea*es correct pronunciation by practice1 z well z ! ma/]y ( difficult words3 x provides a good tea*] ) frequ5t opportunities ( help+ ! *ild to und]/& :at he reads4 ,b z 8 s*ool+ proce$s he %\ld be accu/om$ m & m to read to himself3 = t1 ,i repeat1 is ! ma/]-key4 ,,lecture ,,iv ,,*ildr5',s ,,read+ 7,,ii7 ,,w$nesday1 ,,febru>y #ba1 #aiag ,i ,9 our talk1 ,g5tlem51 ab\t ,*ildr5's ,read+ we left (f ^u a li/1 drawn up by ,mr ,holmes 9 8 book ',:at ,is1 & ,:at ,might ,be1' ( ! ?+s t1 ap>t f physical n\ri%m5t & ex]cise1 a *ild in/9ctively desires4 ,he desires 7#a7 to talk & to li/52 7#b7 to act 79 ! dramatic s5se ( ! ^w72 7#c7 to draw1 pa9t & model2 7#d7 to dance & s+2 7#e7 to "k ! :y ( ?+s2 7#f7 to con/ruct ?+s4 ,let u scan ?r\gh ?is catalogue briefly1 9 its ord]4 ,no4 7#a74 ,to talk & to li/5--,mr ,holmes calls ?is ! communicative in/9ct4 ,e *ild wants to talk ) ^? ab\t him1 or at any rate ) 8 *os5 ones--8 p>5ts1 bro!rs1 si/]s1 nurse1 gov]ness1 g>d5]1 boot-boy 7if he possess ^! la/7--) o!r *ildr51 ev5 if 8 de> papa is poor3 to tell !m :at he has be5 do+1 see+1 feel+3 & to li/5 to :at !y h to tell him4 ,nos4 7#b71 7#c71 7#d74 ,to act--our au?or calls ?is ! 'dramatic in/9ct'3 to draw1 pa9t & model--?is ! 'arti/ic in/9ct'--to dance & s+--?is ! 'musical in/9ct4' ,b obvi\sly all ^! are :at ,ari/otle w\ld call 'mimetic' in/9cts3 'imitative' 79 a s5se ,i %all pres5tly expla972 ev5 z ,no4 7#b7--;act+--l ,no4 7#a7--talk+ & li/5+--comes ( crav+ = sympa?y4 ,9 fact1 z we g on1 y w see t ^! in/9cts ov]lap & are n /rictly sep>able1 ?\gh we sep>ate !m j n[ = conv5i5ce4 ,no4 7#e74 ,to "k ! :y ( ?+s--! 'inquisitive in/9ct4' ,?is1 be+ ! "o :i* gives mo/ tr\ble to p>5ts1 p>sons1 gov]nesses1 conv5tional s*oolma/]s--to all gr[n-up p]sons :o pret5d to "k :at !y don't & are a%am$ to tell :at !y d--is ( c\rse ! mo/ ru?lessly repress$4 ',! "t is come1' ! ,infant said1 ',to talk ( _m ?+s3 ,( babies1 /orks & cabbages ,&-- --hav+ /udi$ ! ,evangeli/s' ,w9d[ fac+ ! family pew-- ,& :e!r c[s h w+s4' ,! answ]1 9 my exp]i5ce1 is inv>iably /]n1 & '9 ! negative'3 9 tol]ant mom5ts compromis+ on ',wait1 l a good boy1 & see4' ,b we s+l$ out ?is in/9ct & discuss$ x 9 our la/ lecture4 ,no4 7#f74 ,to con/ruct ?+s--! 'con/ructive in/9ct4' ,i quote ,mr ,holmes "h3 ,aft] analysis comes syn!sis4 ,! *ild pulls 8 toys to pieces 9 ord] t he may1 if possible1 recon/ruct !m4 ,! ends t he sets be=e himself are ^? :i* ,comte ,set be=e ! human race--savoir p\r prvoir1 af9 de p\voir3 induire p\r dduire1 af9 de con/ruire4 ,! desire to make ?+s1 to build ?+s up1 to control ways & means1 to ma/] ! res\rces ( nature1 to put 8 k ( h] laws & facts to practical use1 is /rong 9 8 s\l4 ,give him a box ( bricks1 & he w sp5d h\rs 9 build+ & rebuild+ h\ses1 *ur*es4444 ,set him on a s&y %ore ) a spade & a pail1 & he w sp5d h\rs 9 con/ruct+ =tifi$ ca/les ) deep encircl+ moats4 ,aga9 obvi\sly ?is con/ructive in/9ct ov]laps ) ! imitative ones4 ,con/ruction1 = example1 ent]s into ! art ( mak+ mud-pies & has also be5 appli$ 9 ! pa/ to great poetry4 ,if y don't keep a %>p eye 9 direct+ ?is in/9ct1 x may conceivably end 9 an ,o!llo or 9 a ,div9a ,comm$ia4 ,,ii ,)\t prea*+ on any ( ! o!rs1 h[ev]1 ,i take ?ree ( ! six in/9cts s*$ul$ by ,mr ,holmes--! ?ree :i* y w all[ to be almo/ purely imitative4 ,!y are3 ,act+1 ,draw+1 pa9t+1 modell+1 ,danc+ & s++4 ,n[ let u turn to ! v fir/ page ( ,ari/otle's ,poetics1 & :at d we read8 ,epic poetry & ,trag$y1 ,com$y also & di?yrambic poetry1 & ! great] "p ( ! music ( ! flute & ( ! lyre1 are all1 9 g5]al1 modes ( imitation4444 ,= z _! are p]sons :o repres5t a numb] ( ?+s by col\rs & draw+s1 & o!rs vocally1 s x is ) ! arts above m5tion$4 ,!y all imitate by rhy?m1 language1 h>mony1 s+ly or comb9$4 ,ev5 danc+ 7he goes on7 imitates "*1 emotion & action1 by rhy?mical movem5t4 ,n[1 hav+ t\*$ on mud-pies1 let me say a few words ^u ^! ae/hetic imitative in/9cts ( act+1 danc+1 s++ be=e ,i foll[ ,ari/otle into 8 explanation ( ! orig9 ( ,poetry1 :i* ,i ?9k we may agree to be ! highe/ subject ( our ,art ( ,read+ & to hold promise ( its highe/ rew>d4 ,e wise "m s+s or croons to h] *ild & dances him on h] knee4 ,%e does s by sure in/9ct1 long be=e ! small body c respond or 8 eyes--always blue at fir/ & unfa?omably ag$--return h] any answ]4 ,x lulls him into ! long spells ( sleep s necess>y = 8 fir/ gr[?4 ,by & by1 :5 he has f\nd 8 legs1 he beg9s to skip1 & ev5 be=e he has f\nd articulate spee*1 to croon = himself4 ,pass a /age1 & y f9d him import+ spee*1 drama1 dance1 incantation1 into 8 games ) 8 playmates4 ,wat* a clu/] ( *ildr5 z !y enact ,"h we g ga!r+ nuts 9 ,may-- eloqu5t l9e3 x is j :at !y are do+6--or ,"h come ?ree ,dukes a-rid+1 or ,fet* a pail ( wat]1 or ,sally1 ,sally ,wat]s3 ,sally1 ,sally ,wat]s1 ,sitt+ 9 ! s&1 ,rise1 ,sally--rise1 ,sally1 ,= a "y man4 ,suitor pres5t$1 accept$ ,i h not$1 by ! way1 t ?is game is m popul> ) girls ?an ) boys2 w$d+ c]emony ha/ily p]=m$--s ha/ily1 x 7 m descriptive to say 'tak5 = grant$'--)9 ! circle2 ! danc]s1 :o jo9 h&s & resume ! measure1 *ant+ ,n[ y are m>ri$1 we wi% y joy-- ,fir/ a girl & !n a boy --! ord]1 ,i suspect1 dictat$ by exig5cies ( rhyme r ?an ( ,eug5ics1 z ,dryd5 confess$ t a rhyme _h (t5 help$ him to a ?\ght4 ,& yet ,i don't "k2 = ! incantation goes on to r$ress ! balance 9 a way t looks sci5tific3 ,t5 ye>s aft]1 son & daught]1 ,& n[-- ,practically6 ,& n[1 ,miss ,sally1 come out ( ! wat]4 ,! play]s end by supply+ ! applause :i*1 9 ^! days ( division ( lab\r1 is commonly left to ! audi5ce4 ,,iii ,well1 !re y h x all3 act+1 s++1 danc+1 *oral movem5t--enli/$ ancill>y to ! dome/ic drama3 &1 :5 y />t collect+ evid5ce ( ^! imitative in/9cts bl5t 9 *ildhood ! mass w soon amaze y & leave y no room to be surpris$ t _m le>n$ s*ol>s1 on ! supposition t uncivilis$ man is a *ild m or less--& at lea/ s mu* ( *ild t "o c argue ?r\gh *ildr5's practice to 8--h f\nd ! hi/orical orig9 ( ,poetry itself 9 ^! primitive p]=mances3 'communal poetry' z !y call x4 ,i propose to discuss ) y 7may be neat t]m7 9 a lecture n belong+ to ?is 'c\rse' ! likelihood t :at we call specifically '! ,ballad1' or ',ballad ,poetry1' orig9at$ ?us4 ,"h is a wid] "q4 ,did all ,poetry develop out ( ?is1 hi/orically1 z a process 9 "t & 9 fact8 ,^! s*ol>s 7among :om ,i w in/ance "o ( ! mo/ le>n$--,dr ,gumm]e7 hold t x did3 & ,i may take a passage f ,dr ,gumm]e's ,beg9n+s ( ,poetry 7p4 #ie7 to %[ y h[ !y call 9 ! practice ( savage races to support _! !ory4 ,! ,botocudos ( ,s\? ,am]ica are-- accord+ to ,dr ,paul ,ehr5rei* :o has obs]v$ !m#a--;an ung5tlemanly tribe1 'v l[ 9 ! social scale4' ,! ,botocudos are little bett] ?an a lead]less horde1 & pay scant respect to _! *iefta92 !y live only = _! imm$iate bodily ne$s1 & take small ?\ght = ! morr[1 /ill less = ! pa/4 ,no traditions1 no leg5ds1 are abroad to tell !m ( _! =be>s4 ,!y /ill use ge/ures to express feel+ & ideas2 :ile ! numb] ( words :i* imitate a giv5 s\nd is extraord9>ily great' ,an action or an object is nam$ by imitat+ ! s\nd peculi> to x2 & s\nds are d\bl$ to express great] int5sity4444 ,to speak is a2 to speak l\dly or to s+1 is a-a4 ,& n[ = _! ae/hetic life1 _! song1 dance1 poetry1 z describ$ by ?is accurate obs]v]4 ',on fe/al occasions ! :ole horde meets by night r\nd ! camp fire = a dance4 ,m5 & wom5 alt]nat+ 444 =m a circle2 ea* danc] lays 8 arms ab\t ! necks ( 8 two neighb\rs1 & ! entire r+ beg9s to turn to ! "r or to ! left1 :ile all ! danc]s /amp /rongly & 9 rhy?m ! foot t is advanc$1 & drag aft] x ! o!r foot4 ,n[ ) droop+ heads !y press clos] & clos] toge!r2 n[ !y wid5 ! circle4 ,?r\gh\t ! dance res\nds a monoton\s song to :i* !y /amp _! feet4 ,(t5 "o c he> no?+ b a cont9ually repeat$ kalan aha6444,aga91 h[ev]1 %ort improvis$ songs1 9 :i* we are told ! do+s ( ! day1 ! reasons = rejoic+1 :at n1 z ,good hunt+1 or ,n[ we h some?+ to eat1 or ,br&y is good4' ',z to ! ae/hetic value' ( ^! ,s\? ,am]ican utt]ances1 ,dr ,gumm]e asks 9 a footnote1 'h[ f> is x inf]ior to ! sonor\s commonplaces ( our own v]se--say ,! ,psalm ( ,life8' ,i really _c answ] t "q4 ,:i* d y pref]1 ,g5tlem58--',life is real1 life is e>ne/1' or ',n[ we h some?+ to eat'8 ,i mu/ leave y to settle x ) ! ,food ,controll]4 ,! ,pr(essor goes on3 ',n[ & !n1 too1 an individual beg9s a song1 & is answ]$ by ! re/ 9 *orus4444 ,!y nev] s+ )\t danc+1 nev] dance )\t s++1 & h b "o ^w to express bo? song & dance4' ,z ! unprejudic$ read] sees ,dr ,gumm]e proce$s ?is cle> & admirable acc\nt confirms ! doctr9e ( e>ly days reviv$ ) fre% e?nological evid5ce 9 ! writ+s ( ,dr ,br[n & ( ,adam ,smi?1 t dance1 poetry & song 7 once a s+le & insep>able function1 & is 9 itself fatal to ! idea ( rhy?mic prose1 ( solit>y recitation1 z f\ndations ( poetry4444 ,all poetry is communal1 hold+ fa/ to ! rhy?m ( cons5t z to ! "o sure fact4 ,,iv ,n[ ,i %\ld tell y1 ,g5tlem51 t ,i hold su* utt]ances z ?is la/--:atev] y may ?9k ( ! utt]ances ( ! ,botocudos--to be exorbitant3 t ,i di/ru/ all attempts to build up 7say7 ,p>adise ,lo/ hi/orically f ! yells & cap]s ( recondite savages4 ',life is real1 life is e>ne/' may be no bett] ae/hetically 7,i myself ?9k x a little bett]7 ?an ',n[ we h some?+ to eat' ',br&y is good' may rival ,p9d>'s ,greek3 ,arioton m5 udor1 & inde$ puts :at x conta9s ( tru? ) m ( f9ality1 less ( provocation 7?\gh ,p9d> at once foll[s up ,greek3 ,arioton m5 udor ) exquisite poetry73 b y _c--truly y _c--exhibit ! /eps :i* lead up f ',br&y is good' to su* l9es z ,?us ) ! ye> ,seasons return2 b n to me returns ,day1 or ! sweet approa* ( ev5 or morn1 ,or sight ( v]nal bloom1 or summ]'s rose1 ,or flocks1 or h]ds1 or human face div9e4 ,i b5d ov] ! le>n$ page p5sively1 & ,i seem to see a ,botocudo ,pr(essor--?\gh n high '9 ! social scale1' !y may h su* ?+s--visit+ ,cambridge on ! la/ night ( ! ,l5t races & report+ ( its inhabitants z foll[s3 ,!y pay scant he$ to _! *iefs3 !y live only = _! imm$iate bodily ne$s1 & take small ?\ght = ! morr[4 ,on fe/al occasions ! :ole horde meets by night r\nd ! camp fire = a dance4 ,ea* danc] lays 8 arms ab\t ! necks ( 8 two neighb\rs1 /amp+ /rongly ) "o foot & dragg+ ! o!r aft] x4 ,n[ ) droop+ heads !y press clos] & clos] toge!r2 n[ !y wid5 ! circle4 ,(t5 "o c he> no?+ b a cont9ually repeat$ kalan aha1 or aga9 "o he>s %ort improvis$ songs 9 :i* we are told ! do+s ( ! day1 ! reasons = rejoic+1 :at n1 z ',good hunt+1' ',good old--'nam+ a tribal ,god1 or 9 =m] times ',n[ we %all be b a %ort :ile1' or ',woemma6' ,n[ & !n1 too1 an individual beg9s a song & is answ]$ by ! re/ 9 *orus--su* z ,= he is an e/imable p]son ,beyond possibility ( ga9say+4 ,! *orus twice repeats ?is & assev]ates t !y are foll[+ a cu/om common to ! flotilla1 ! exp$ition>y =ce1 & ev5 _! rude seats ( le>n+4 ,& ,dr ,gumm]e1 or somebody else1 comm5ts3 ',z ! unprejudic$ read] w see1 ?is cle> & admirable acc\nt confirms our hypo!sis t 9 communal celebration we h at once ! orig9 & model ( ?ree poems1 ,! ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ,p>adise ,lo/ & ,9 ,memoriam1 record$ z hav+ be5 compos$ by memb]s ( ?is v tribe4' ,al?\gh we h be5 talk+ ( in/9cts1 we are n conc]n$ "h ) ! /eps by :i* ! *ild1 or ! savage1 foll[+ an in/9ct atta9s to write poetry2 b1 m mode/ly1 ) ! in/9ct by :i* ! *ild likes x1 & ! way 9 :i* he c be be/ enc\rag$ to read & improve ?is natural lik+4 ,nor are we ev5 conc]n$ "h to def9e ,poetry4 ,x suffices our pres5t purpose to consid] ,poetry z ! sort ( ?+ ! poets write4 ,b obvi\sly if we f9d a philosoph] discuss+ poetry )\t any ref]5ce to *ildr51 & indep5d5tly bas+ x ^u ! v same imitative in/9cts :i* we h not$ 9 *ildr51 we h "s promise ( be+ on ! "r track4 ,v ,s ,i return to ,ari/otle4 ,ari/otle 7,i %all 9 fairness say7 does n anticipate ,dr ,gumm]e1 to contradict or refute him2 he may ev5 be held to support him incid5tally4 ,b he /icks to bus9ess1 & ?is is :at he says 7,poetics1 ,c4 ,,iv73 ,poetry 9 g5]al seems to h sprung f two causes1 & ^! natural causes4 ,fir/ ! in/9ct to imitate is implant$ 9 man f 8 *ildhood1 & 9 ?is he diff]s f o!r animals1 be+ ! mo/ imitative ( !m all4 ,man gets 8 fir/ le>n+ ?r\gh imitation1 & all m5 delight 9 see+ ?+s imitat$4 ,?is is cle>ly %[n by exp]i5ce4444 ,to imitate1 !n1 be+ in/9ctive 9 our nature1 s too we h an in/9ct = h>mony & rhy?m1 metre be+ manife/ly a species ( rhy?m3 & man1 be+ born to ^! in/9cts & little by little improv+ !m1 out ( 8 e>ly improvisations creat$ ,poetry4 ,comb9+ ^! two in/9cts1 ) him1 we arrive at h>moni\s imitation4 ,well & good4 ,b :at is x we imitate 9 poetry8-- noble ?+s or mean ?+s8 ,aft] consid]+ ?is1 putt+ mean ?+s aside z unwor?y1 & vot+ = ! nobl]--:i* mu/ at ! same "t be true1 s9ce )\t tru? !re c be no real nobility--,ari/otle has to ask ,9 :at way true8 ,true to ord9>y life1 ) its obs]v$ defeats ( ! "r by ! wrong8 or true1 z aga9 in/9ct tells good m5 x %\ld be1 univ]sally8' ,s he arrives at 8 conclusion t a true ?+ is n necess>ily tru? ( fact 9 a _w :]e tru? 9 fact is s (t5 beli$ or made mean+less--n ! record t ,alcibiades w5t some:]e & suff]$ some?+--b tru? to ! ,univ]sal1 ! sup]ior dem& ( our consci5ce4 ,9 su* a way only we "k t ,! ,tempe/ or ,p>adise ,lo/ or ,! ,anci5t ,m>9] or ,prome!us ,unb\nd c be tru] ?an any police report4 ,yet we "k t !y are tru] 9 ess5ce1 & 9 significance1 s9ce !y appeal to et]nal v]ities--s9ce !y imitate ! ,univ]sal--:]eas ! police report *ronicles 7fai?fully1 z 9 duty b\nd1 ev5 usefully 9 its way7 ev5ts :i* may1 nay mu/1 be significant someh[ b _c at be/ be bett] to u ?an ph5om5a1 brok5 ends & %>ds4 ,,vi ,i return to ! *ild4 ,cle>ly 9 obey+ ! in/9ct :i* ,i h tri$ to illu/rate1 he is se>*+ to realise himself2 &1 z educators1 we ought to help ?is ef=t--or1 at lea/1 n to h9d] x4 ,fur!r1 if we agree ) ,ari/otle1 9 ?is se>*+ to realise himself ?r\gh imitation1 :at w ! *ild mo/ nobly & naturally imitate8 ,he w imitate :at ,ari/otle calls '! ,univ]sal1' ! sup]ior dem&4 ,& does n ?is br+ u back to cons5t ) :at ,i h be5 prea*+ f ! />t 9 ?is c\rse--t to realise ourselves 9 ,:at ,is n only 9 degree transc5ds m]e k & activity1 ,:at ,kn[s & ,:at ,does1 b transc5ds x 9 k9d8 ,x is n only :at ! *ild unconsci\sly longs =3 x is t = :i* 79 ,/ ,paul's words7 '! :ole creation groane? & travaile? 9 pa9 toge!r until n['2 crav+ = ?is 7,i make y ! admission7 z emotionally1 z ! he>t may be ?rill$1 ! brea/ surge1 ! eyes swell ) te>s1 at a note drawn f ! viol93 feel+ t some:]e1 beyond rea*1 we h a lo/ si/]1 & %e speaks to our s\l4 ,,vii ,:o1 t has be5 a *ild1 has n felt ?is surprise ( beauty1 ! revelation1 ! call ( x8 ,! s\nd+ cat>act ,haunt$ me l a passion 444 --yes1 or a ra9b[ on ! spray aga9/ a cliff2 or a vi/a ( lawns betwe5 desc5d+ woods2 or a vision ( fi% mov+ 9 a pool "u ! hazel's %ad[8 ,:o has n felt ! small sur*>g$ he>t lab\r+ ) desire to express x8 ,i prea* to y t ! base ( all ,lit]ature1 ( all ,poetry1 ( all ,!ology1 is "o1 & /&s on "o rock3 ! v highe/ ,univ]sal ,tru? is some?+ s simple t a *ild may und]/& x4 ,?is1 surely1 0 9 ,jesus' m9d :5 he said ,i ?ank !e1 ,o ,fa!r1 ,"l ( heav5 & e>?1 because ?\ ha/ hid ^! ?+s f ! wise & prud5t1 & ha/ reveal$ !m unto babes4' ,= z ! ,univ]se is "o1 s ! individual human s\ls1 t appreh5d x1 h no v>y+ values intr9sically1 b "o equal value4 ,!y v>y b 9 p[] to appreh5d1 & ?is may be m easily h9d]$ ?an help$ by ! conceit begott5 ( f9ite k4 ,i %all ev5 d>e to quote ( ?is ,univ]sal ,tru?1 ! words ,i once h>dily put into ! m\? ( ,john ,wesley conc]n+ div9e ,love3 ',i see n[ t if ,god's love rea* up to e /> & d[n to e poor s\l on e>?1 x mu/ be va/ly simple2 s simple t all dwell]s on ,e>? may be assur$ ( x--z all :o h eyes may be assur$ ( ! planet %9+ yond] at ! end ( ! /reet--& s va/ t all b>ga9+ is bel[ x1 & !y may inh]it x )\t consid]+ _! des]ts4' ,i believe ?is to be /rictly & equally true ( ! appeal :i* ,poetry makes to ea* ( u1 *ild or man1 9 8 degree4 ,z ,johnson said ( ,gray's ,elegy1 x 'ab\nds ) images :i* f9d a mirror 9 e m9d1 & ) s5tim5ts to :i* e bosom returns an e*o4' ,x exalts u ?r\gh ! be/ ( u1 by tell+ u some?+ new yet n /range1 some?+ t we recognise1 some?+ t we too h kn[n1 or surmis$1 b _h nev] ! deliv]+ spee* to tell4 ',!re is a pleasure 9 poetic pa9s1' says ,wordswor?3 b1 ,g5tlem51 if y h nev] felt ! travail1 yet y h /ill to und]/& ! bliss ( deliv]ance4 ,,viii ,if1 !n1 y cons5t ) me ?us f> 9 !ory1 let u n[ drive at practice4 ,y h 7we w say7 a class ( ?irty or =ty 9 front ( y4 ,we w assume t !y "k a-b1 ab1 c at lea/ spell out _! words4 ,y w *oose a passage = !m1 & y w n 7if y are wise7 *oose a passage f ,p>adise ,lo/3 y\r k tell+ y t ,p>adise ,lo/ 0 writt51 late 9 8 life1 by a great virtuoso1 & old] m5 7( :om ,i1 sad to say1 am "o7 assur+ y t to ta/e ! ,milton ( ,p>adise ,lo/ a man mu/ h pass$ 8 ?irtie? ye>4 ,y take ! e>ly ,milton3 y read out ?is1 = in/ance1 f ,l',allegro3 ,ha/e !e1 ,nymph1 & br+ ) !e ,je/ & y\?ful ,jollity1 ,quips1 & ,cranks1 & wanton wiles1 ,nods & ,becks1 & wrea!d ,smiles ,su* z hang on ,hebe's *eek1 ,& love to live 9 dimple sleek2 ,sport t wr9kl$ ,c>e d]ides1 ,& ,laught] hold+ bo? 8 sides4444 ,g on3 j read x to !m4 ,!y won't "k :o ,hebe 01 b y c tell !m lat]4 ,! metre is tak+ hold ( !m 79 my exp]i5ce ! metre ( ,l',allegro c be reli$ ^u to grip *ildr57 & anyway !y c see ,laught] hold+ bo? 8 sides'3 !y recognise x z if !y saw ! picture4 ,g on /eadily3 ,come1 & trip x z ye g1 ,on ! light fanta/ick toe2 ,& 9 ?y "r h& lead ) !e ,! ,m\nta9 ,nymph1 sweet ,lib]ty2 ,&1 if ,i give !e hon\r due1 ,mir?1 admit me ( ?y crew-- ,d n pause & expla9 :at a ,nymph is1 or :y ,lib]ty is ! ',m\nta9 ,nymph'6 ,g on read+3 ! ,pr9ce has always to break ?r\gh bri]s to kiss ! ,sleep+ ,beauty awake4 ,g on ) ! incantation1 call+ him1 p]suad+ him1 t he is ! ,pr9ce & %e is wor? x4 ,g on read+-- ,mir?1 admit me ( ?y crew1 ,to live ) h]1 & live ) !e1 ,9 unreprovd pleasures free2 ,to he> ! l>k beg9 8 flight1 ,& s++ />tle ! dull night1 ,f 8 wat*-t[re 9 ! skies1 ,till ! dappl$ dawn do? rise4 ,at ?is po9t--/ill z y read )\t /opp+ to expla91 ! *ild c]ta9ly feels t he is be+ l$ to some?+4 ,he kn[s ! l>k3 b ! l>k's 'wat*-t[re'--he _h nev] ?\ght ( t3 & '! dappl$ dawn'-yes t's j x1 n[ he comes to ?9k3 ,!n to come1 9 spite ( sorr[1 ,& at my w9d[ bid good-morr[1 ,?r\gh ! sweet-bri> or ! v9e ,or ! twi/$ eglant9e2 ,:ile ! cock ) lively d9 ,scatt]s ! re> ( ,d>kness ?92 ,& to ! /ack1 or ! b>n door1 ,/\tly /ruts 8 dames be=e3 ,(t li/5+ h[ ! h\nds & horn ,*e]ily r\se ! slumb]+ ,morn1 ,f ! side ( "s ho> hill1 ,?r\gh ! high wood e*o+ %rill3 ,sometime walk+1 n unse51 ,by h$g][ elms on hillocks gre51 ,"r aga9/ ! ea/]n gate1 ,:]e ! great sun beg9s 8 /ate1 ,rob$ 9 flames & amb] light1 ,! cl\ds 9 ?\s& liv]ies dight2 ,:ile ! pl\ghman1 ne> at h&1 ,:i/les o'er ! furr['d l&1 ,& ! milkmaid s+e? bli!1 ,& ! m[] :ets 8 si!1 ,& e %eph]d tells 8 tale ,"u ! haw?orn 9 ! dale4 ,don't /op 7,i say7 to expla9 t ,hebe 0 7= once7 ! legitimate daught] ( ,zeus &1 z su*1 _h ! privilege to draw w9e = ! gods4 ,don't ev5 /op1 j yet1 to expla9 :o ! gods 74 ,don't disc\rse on amb]1 o!rwise amb]gris2 don't expla9 t 'gris' 9 ?is connexion doesn't mean 'grease'2 don't trace x ?r\gh ! ,arabic into ,noah's ,ark2 don't prove its electrical prop]ties by te>+ up pap] into little bits & attract+ !m ) ! m\?-piece ( y\r pipe rubb$ on y\r sleeve4 ,don't insi/ philologically t :5 e %eph]d 'tells 8 tale' he is n relat+ an anecdote b simply keep+ tally ( 8 flock4 ,j g on read+1 z well z y c2 & be sure t :5 ! *ildr5 get ! ?rill ( x1 = :i* y wait1 !y w be ask+ m que/ions1 & p]t95t ones1 ?an y are able to answ]4 ,,ix ,?is advice1 to be sure1 presupposes ( ! tea*] himself "s capacity ( read+ al\d1 & read+ al\d is n taught 9 our s*ools4 ,9 our ,elem5t>y ,s*ools1 9 :i* few ( ! pupils contemplate be+ call$ to ,holy ,ord]s or to ! ,b>1 x is practis$1 inde$1 b seldom taught z an art4 ,9 our ,second>y & ,public ,s*ools x is nei!r taught nor practis$3 z ,i "k to my co/--& y1 to y\rs1 ,g5tlem51 on :om ,i h _h to practise4 ,b let ! tea*] take c\rage4 ,fir/ let him read a passage 'at ! long brea?'--z ! ,fr5* say--al\d1 & p]suasively z he c4 ,n[ & !n he may pause to indicate "s p>ticul> beauty1 repeat+ ! l9e be=e he proce$s4 ,b he %\ld be sp>+ ( ^! int]ruptions4 ,:5 ,laught]1 = example1 is already 'hold+ bo? 8 sides' x _c be less ?an (fici\s1 a "w ( sup]]ogation1 to /op & hold !m = him2 & he :o obeys ! c\nsel ( p]fection w read /raight to ! end & !n recur to p>ticul> beauties4 ,next let him put up a *ild to cont9ue ) ! tale1 & ano!r & ano!r1 j z 9 a con/ru+ class4 ,:ile ! boy is read+1 ! tea*] %\ld nev] int]rupt3 he %\ld wait1 & return aft]w>ds ^u a l9e t has be5 slurr$ or wrongly emphasis$4 ,:5 ! *ildr5 h done read+ he %\ld invite que/ions on any po9t !y h f\nd puzzl+3 x is ) ! op]ation ( poetry on _! m9ds t 8 ma9 bus9ess lies4 ,la/ly1 he may run back ov] significant po9ts !y h miss$4 ',& is t all ! me?od8'-,yes1 t is all ! me?od4 ',s simple z t8'-,yes1 ev5 s simple z t1 & 7,i claim7 ev5 s wise1 see+ t x j lets ! au?or--,*auc] or ,%akespe>e or ,milton or ,col]idge--h 8 own way ) ! "y plant--j lets !m drop 'l ! g5tle ra9 f heav51' & soak 94 ,! mov+ ,moon w5t up ! sky1 ,& no :]e did abide3 ,s(tly %e 0 go+ up1 ,& a /> or two beside4 ,d y really want to *at ab\t t8 ,_c y tru/ x8 ,! />s 7 dim1 & ?ick ! night1 ,! /e]sman's face by 8 lamp gleam$ :ite2 ,f ! sails ! dew did drip-- ,till clomb above ! ea/]n b> ,! hornd ,moon1 ) "o bright /> ,)9 ! ne!r tip4 ,mu/ y tell !m t = ! ,moon to hold a /> any:]e )9 h] circumf]5ce is an a/ronomical impossibility8 ,v well1 !n2 tell x4 ,b tell x aft]w>ds1 & put x away quietly4 ,= ! quality ( ,poetry is n /ra9$4 ,let ! ra9 soak2 !n use y\r hoe1 & g5tly2 & /ill tru/ ,nature2 by :i*1 ,i aga9 repeat to y1 all _s attracts all _s z inevitably z all matt] attracts all matt]4 ',/ra9$4' ,i am glad t memory flew j "h to ! ^w ( ,portia's3 = x c>ries me on to a wise page ( ,dr ,corson's1 & a passage 9 :i*1 prote/+ aga9/ ! philolog]s :o cram our *ildr5's h&books ) irrelevant in=mation t b obscures :at ,*auc] or ,%akespe>e mean1 he breaks out 9 ,*auc]'s own words3 ,?ise cookes1 h[ !y /ampe1 & /reyne1 & grynde1 ,& turn5 sub/aunce into accid5t6 7,yes1 & make ! accid5t ! sub/ance67--z he insi/s t ! true subject ( lit]>y /udy is ! au?or's mean+2 & ! true me?od a surr5d] ( ! m9d to t mean+1 ) :at ,wordswor? calls 'a wise passiv5ess'3 ,! eye--x _c *oose b see2 ,we _c bid ! e> be /ill2 ,our bodies feel1 :]e'er !y be1 ,aga9/ or ) our w4 ,nor less ,i deem t !re are ,p[]s ,:i* ( !mselves our m9ds impress2 ,t we c fe$ ?is m9d ( ours ,9 a wise passiv5ess4 ,?9k y1 'mid all ?is mighty sum ,( ?+s = ev] speak+1 ,t no?+ ( itself w come1 ,b we mu/ /ill be seek+8 ,x ,i h be5 talk+ to-day ab\t *ildr52 & f9d t mo/ ( ! :ile ,i h be5 ?9k+1 if b subconsci\sly1 ( poor *ildr54 ,n[1 at ! end1 y may ask ',:y1 lectur+ "h at ,cambridge1 is he preoccupi$ ) poor *ildr5 :o leave s*ool at f\rte5 & "u1 & !reaft] read no poetry8'444,oh1 yes6 ,i "k all ab\t ^! *ildr5 & ! hopeless1 wick$ wa/e2 ^! ) a common liv+-room to read 91 a fa!r tir$ aft] 8 day's "w1 & 7= p>5tal enc\ragem5t7 j ! two words ',get out6' ,a ,scots dom9e writes 9 8 log3 ,i h discov]$ a girl ) a s5se ( hum\r4 ,i ask$ my qualify+ class to draw a graph ( ! att5dance at a village kirk4 ',& y mu/ expla9 away any rise or fall1' ,i said4 ,m>g>et ,/eel _h a huge drop "o ,sunday1 & h] explanation 0 ',special ,collection = ,missions4' ,next ,sunday ! ,congregation 0 abnormally l>ge3 ,m>g>et wrote ',*ange ( ,m9i/]4'444 ,poor ,m>g>et6 ,:5 %e is f\rte51 %e w g out into ! fields1 & 9 ?ree ye>s %e w be an ignorant c\ntry bumpk94 ,& aga93 ,rob]t ,campbell 7a fav\rite pupil7 left ! s*ool to-day4 ,he _h rea*$ ! age-limit4444 ,truly x is l dea?3 ,i /& by a new made grave1 & ,i h no hope ( a resurrection4 ,rob]t is dead4 ,precisely because ,i h liv$ on close t]ms ) ?is1 & ! wick$ wa/e ( x1 ,i appeal to y :o are s mu* m =tunate ?an ?is ,rob]t or ?is ,m>g>et & w h f> m to say 9 ! _w1 to ?9k ( !m--h[ _m !y are4 ,i am n s5tim5talis+4 ,:5 an ,elem5t>y ,s*oolma/] spreads himself & tells me he looks ^u e *ild ent]+ 8 s*ool z a pot5tial ,"l ,*ancellor1 ,i answ] t1 z ,i expect1 s ,i %\ld hope1 to die be=e see+ ! _w a ,woolsack4 ,jack _c ord9>ily be z good z 8 ma/]2 if he 71 he w\ld be a great deal bett]4 ,y h giv5 ,rob]t a vote1 h[ev]1 & soon y w h to give x to ,m>g>et4 ,c y n give !m also1 9 _! %ort ye>s at s*ool1 some?+ to su/a9 _! s\ls 9 ! long ,valley ( ,humiliation8 ,d y rememb] ?is passage 9 ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress--z ! pilgrims pass$ d[n t valley8 ,n[ z !y 7 go+ along & talk+1 !y espi$ a ,boy fe$+ 8 ,fa!r's ,%eep4 ,! ,boy 0 9 v mean ,cloa?s1 b ( a v fre% & well-fav\r$ ,c\nt5ance1 & z he sate by himself he ,sung4 ,h>k1 said ,mr ,grea!>t1 to :at ! ,%eph]d's ,boy sai?4 ,well1 x 0 a v pretty song1 ab\t ,cont5tm5t4 ,he t is d[n ne$ fe> no fall ,he t is l[1 no ,pride3 ,he t is humble ev] %all ,h ,god to be 8 ,guide4 ,b ,i c>e less = its subject ?an = ! song4 ,?\gh life condemn him to live x ?r\gh 9 ! ,valley ( ,humiliation1 ,i want to he> ! ,%eph]d ,boy s++4 ,footnote #a3 ,! ref]5ce giv5 is ,zeits*r4 f4 ,e?nologie1 ,,xix4 #cj ff4 ,,lecture ,v ,,on ,,read+ ,,= ,,exam9ations ,,w$nesday1 ,,may #i1 #aiag ,i ,y1 ,g5tlem51 :o s f> h foll[$ ) pati5ce ?is c\rse ( lectures1 adv]tis$1 maybe too ambiti\sly1 z ',on ! ,art ( ,read+1' w recall to y\r memory1 :5 ,i *all5ge x across ! int]vals ( ,vacation1 t ?ree propositions h be5 pretty /eadily held be=e y4 ,! fir/3 7be> me out7 t1 man's life be+ ( ! l5g? x is1 & 8 activities multif>i\s z !y are1 out ( ! mass ( pr9t$ matt] already load$ & /ill be+ %ot ^u ?is planet1 he mu/ make selection4 ,!re is no o!r way4 ,! second3 t--! "t & opportunity be+ s brief1 ! mass s enorm\s1 & ! selection !re=e s difficult--he %\ld select ! books t are be/ = him1 & take !m absolutely1 n fritt]+ 8 "t ^u books writt5 ab\t & ar\nd ! be/3 t--9 _! ord]1 ( c\rse--! prim>y ma/]pieces %all come fir/1 & ! second>y second1 & s on2 & m]e *at ab\t any ( !m la/ ( all4 ,my ?ird proposition 7p]haps m discutable7 has be5 t1 ! human s\l's activities be+ sep>at$1 s f> z we c sep>ate !m1 into ,:at ,does1 ,:at ,kn[s1 ,:at ,is--to be su*-&-su* a man ranks high] ?an ei!r kn[+ or do+ ?is1 t1 or ! o!r3 t x transc5ds all man's activity ^u ph5om5a1 ev5 a ,napoleon's3 all 8 h\s$ /ore ( k1 ?\gh x be a ,casaubon's or a ,m>k ,pattison's3 t only by le>n+ to be c we und]/& or rea*1 z we h an in/9ct to rea*1 to our "r place 9 ! s*eme ( ?+s3 & t1 any way1 all ! greate/ lit]ature comm&s ?is in/9ct4 ,to be ,hamlet--to feel y\rself ,hamlet--is m important ?an kill+ a k+ or ev5 kn[+ all !re is to be kn[n ab\t a text4 ,n[ mo/ ( u h be5 ,hamlet1 m or less3 :ile few ( u1 ,i tru/1 h ev] murd]$ a mon>*3 & /ill few]1 p]haps1 c hope to "k all t is to be kn[n ( ! text ( ! play4 ,b = value1 ,g5tlem51 let u n rank ^! ?ree a*ievem5ts by ord] ( _! r>ity4 ,%akespe>e means u to feel--to be--,hamlet4 ,t is all3 & f ! play x is ! be/ we c get4 ,,ii ,n[ 9 talk+ to y1 la/ t]m1 ab\t *ildr5 ,i _h p]=ce to lay /ress on ! po9t t1 ) all ?is glut ( lit]ature1 ! mass ( *ildr5 9 our commonweal? :o leave s*ool at f\rte5 g =? />v+4 ,b y are happi]4 ,y are happi]1 n 9 hav+ y\r selection ( read+ 9 ,engli% done = y at s*ool 7= y h 9 ! ,public ,s*ools sc>ce any su* help73 b happi] 7#a7 because ! "t ( le>n+ is s l>gely prolong$1 & 7#b7 because ?is mo/ difficult (fice ( sort+ out f ! mass :at y %\ld read z mo/ pr(itable has be5 t5tatively p]=m$ = y by u old] m5 = y\r relief4 ,= example1 ^? ( y-'if any1' z ! ,regulations say--:o w1 a week or two h5ce1 be sitt+ = ,section ,a ( ! ,m$ieval & ,mod]n ,languages ,tripos1 h be5 sp>$1 all along1 ! labori\s bus9ess ( *oos+ :at y %\ld read or read ) p>ticul> att5tion = ! good ( y\r s\ls4 ,is ,*auc] y\r au?or8 ,!n y w h read 7or ought to h read7 ,! ,p>lem5t ( ,f[ls1 ! ,prologue to ,! ,cant]bury ,tales1 ,! ,knight's ,tale1 ,! ,man ( ,law's ,tale1 ,! ,nun ,prie/'s ,tale1 ,! ,doctor's ,tale1 ,! ,p>don]'s ,tale ) its ,prologue1 ,! ,fri>'s ,tale4 ,y 7 n dissuad$ f read+ ,troilus2 y 7 n =bidd5 to read all ! ,cant]bury ,tales1 ev5 ! naughtie/2 b ! works t ,i h m5tion$ h be5 'prescrib$' = y4 ,s1 ( ,%akespe>e1 we d n disc\rage y 7at all ev5ts1 int5tionally7 f read+ ,macbe?1 ,o!llo1 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 ,! ,tempe/1 any play y wi%4 ,9 o!r ye>s we 'set' ea* ( ^! 9 its turn4 ,b = ?is ,ye> ( ,grace we insi/ ^u ,k+ ,john1 ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv1 ,"p ,i1 ,mu* ,ado ab\t ,no?+1 ,hamlet1 ,k+ ,le>1 'c]ta9 specifi$ works'--& s on1 ) o!r c\rses ( /udy4 ,:y is ?is done8 ,be fair to u1 ,g5tlem54 ,we d x n only to accommodate ! burd5 to y\r backs1 to avoid ov]tax+ "o-&-a-half or two ye>s ( /udy2 n m]ely to guide y t y d n dissipate y\r read+1 t y %all --) u1 at any rate--"k :]e y are4 ,we d x *iefly1 & hone/ly--y likewise be+ hone/--to give y ea* ye>1 9 ea* prescrib$ c\rse1 a s\nd nucleus ( k1 out ( :i*1 lat]1 y\r m9ds c rea* to m4 ,we are n1 9 ! la/ in/ance1 praisewor?y or blamewor?y = y\r range4 ,i ?9k1 p]haps1 too little ( a man's range 9 8 %ort :ile "h betwe5 7say7 n9ete5 & tw5ty-two4 ,= any?+ ,i c>e1 ! k]nel may be z small z y please4 ,to plant x :olesome1 = a :ile to t5d x :olesome1 !n to %[ x ! sky & t x is wide--n a hot-h\se1 nor a brassy cupola ov] a man1 b an atmosph]e %9+ up league on league2 to rea* ! mom5t ( say+ ',all ?is n[ is y\rs1 if y h ! p]sev]ance z ,i h taught y ! p[]1 coelum nactus es1 hoc exorna'3 ?is1 ev5 9 our pres5t ,tripos1 we endeav\r to d4 ,,iii ,all v well4 ,b1 z ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,br[n+ ask$1 ,d ye he> ! *ildr5 weep+1 ,o my bro!rs8 ',yes1' ,i he> y +em9ate2 'b :at ab\t ,exam9ations8 ,we ?ank y1 sirs1 = ?us reliev+ & guid+ u3 we ackn[l$ge y\r excell5t int5tions4 ,b 9 practice y hang up a ba*elor's g[n & hood on a pole1 & "r "u & j 9 front ( x y set ! exam9ation-b>ri]4 ,= ?is 9 practice we run dur+ ?ree ye>s or s1 & to ?is all ! "t y are exhort+1 direct+ u--:e!r y mean x or n1 ?\gh we suspect t y _c help y\rselves4' ,yes2 &1 z lab\r+ swimm]s w turn _! eyes ev5 to a little boat 9 ! (f+1 ,i he> y pant ',?is man at all ev5ts--always s insi/5t t good lit]ature tea*es ,:at ,is r ?an ,:at ,kn[s--w br+ ^w t we may float on our backs1 ba!1 enjoy ^! wat]s & be refre%$1 in/ead ( /riv+ ?r\gh !m competitive = a goal4 ,he mu/ condemn lit]>y exam9ations1 n9e-t5?s ( :i* treat ,lit]ature z matt] ( ,k m]ely4' ,,iv ,i am sorry1 ,g5tlem53 ,i _c br+ y s mu* ( com=t z all t4 ,i h a love ( ! pa/ :i*1 because x goes d[n to ! roots1 has sometimes be5 call$ ,radicalism3 ,i c\ld nev] cons5t ) ,bacon's gibe at antiquity z pessimum augurium1 & ,exam9ations h a v respectable antiquity4 ,inde$ no ,univ]sity to my k has ev] be5 able 9 ! long run to d )\t !m3 & al?\gh c]ta9 ,colleges--,k+'s ,college "h1 & ,new ,college at ,ox=d--= long p]sev]$ 9 ! attempt1 ! result 0 n altoge!r happy1 & 9 ! end !y h consign$ ) cu/om4 ,( c\rse ,univ]sities h exp]im5t$ ) ! process4 ,let me give y two or ?ree anci5t examples1 :i* may help y to see 7to v>y ,wordswor?7 t ?\gh '! ,=m decays1 ! function nev] dies4' 7#a7 ,i beg9 ) mo/ anci5t ,bologna1 fam\s = ,civil ,law4 ,at ,bologna ! process ( graduation--( admission to ! jus doc5di1 '"r to tea*'--consi/$ ( two p>ts1 ! ,private ,exam9ation & ! ,public 7conv5tus73 ,! private ,exam9ation 0 ! real te/ ( compet5ce1 ! s-call$ public ,exam9ation be+ 9 practice a m]e c]emony4 ,be=e admission to ea* ( ^! te/s ! c&idate 0 pres5t$ by ! ,consili>ius ( 8 ,nation to ! ,rector = p]mission to ent] x1 & swore t he _h compli$ ) all ! /atutable conditions1 t he w\ld give no m ?an ! /atutable fees or ent]ta9m5ts to ! ,rector himself1 ! ,doctor1 or 8 fell[-/ud5ts1 & t he w\ld obey ! ,rector4 ,)9 a p]iod ( eight days be=e ! ,exam9ation ! c&idate 0 pres5t$ by '8 own' ,doctor or by "s o!r ,doctor or by two ,doctors to ! ,ar*deacon1 ! pres5t+ ,doctor be+ requir$ to h satisfi$ himself by private exam9ation ( 8 pres5tee's fitness4 ,e>ly on ! morn+ ( ! ,exam9ation1 aft] att5d+ a ,mass ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! c&idate appe>$ be=e ! assembl$ ,college & 0 assign$ by "o ( ! ,doctors pres5t two passages 7puncta7 9 ! ,civil or ,canon ,law z ! case might be4 ,he !n retir$ to 8 h\se to /udy ! passages1 9 do+ :i* x w\ld appe> t he _h ! assi/ance ( ! pres5t+ ,doctor4 ,lat] 9 ! day ! ,doctors 7 summon$ to ! ,ca!dral1 or "s o!r public build+1 by ! ,ar*deacon1 :o presid$ ov] b took no active "p 9 ! ensu+ exam9ation4 ,! c&idate 0 !n introduc$ to ! ,ar*deacon & ,doctors by ! pres5t+ ,doctor or ,promotor z he 0 /yl$4 ,! ,prior ( ! ,college !n adm9i/]$ a numb] ( oa?s 9 :i* ! c&idate promis$ respect to t body & solemnly r5\nc$ all ! rights ( :i* ! ,college _h succe$$ 9 robb+ all ,doctors ( o!r ,colleges n includ$ 9 its ranks4 ,! c&idate !n gave a lecture or exposition ( ! two prep>$ passages3 aft] :i* he 0 exam9$ ^u !m by two ( ! ,doctors appo9t$ by ! ,college4 ,o!r ,doctors might ask supplem5t>y que/ions ( ,law 7:i* !y 7 requir$ to swe> t !y _h n previ\sly communicat$ to ! c&idate7 aris+ m indirectly out ( ! passages select$1 or might sugge/ objections to ! answ]s4 ,) a t5d] reg>d = ! feel+s ( _! comrades at ?is 'rigor\s & trem5d\s ,exam9ation' 7z !y /yle x7 ! ,/atutes requir$ ! ,exam9] to treat ! exam9ee z 8 own son4 ,b1 kn[+ :at we d ( p>5tal discipl9e 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 we ne$ n take ?is to enjo9 a weak excess ( l5i5cy4 ,! ,exam9ation conclud$1 ! votes ( ! ,doctors pres5t 7 tak5 by ballot & ! c&idate's fate det]m9$ by ! majority1 ! decision be+ ann\nc$ by ! ,ar*deacon4 7#b7 ,let u pass to ! great & fam\s ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,at ,p>is ,9 #abge1 if n e>li]1 a prelim9>y te/ 7or ',responsions'7 0 in/itut$ to asc]ta9 ! fitness ( ^? :o want$ to take "p 9 ! public p]=mance4 ,at ^! ',responsions' :i* took place 9 ! ,decemb] be=e ! ,l5t 9 :i* ! c&idate 0 to det]m9e1 he _h to dispute 9 ,gramm> & ,logic ) a ,ma/]4 ,if ?is te/ 0 pass$ 9 a satisfactory mann]1 ! c&idate 0 admitt$ to ! ,exam5 ,baccal>i&orum1 ,exam9ation = ! ,baccalaureate1 :i* 0 conduct$ by a bo>d ( ,exam9]s appo9t$ by ea* ,nation = its own c&idates4 ,! duty ( ! ,exam9]s 0 tw(old1 fir/ly to asc]ta9 by inspect+ ! s*$ules giv5 by 8 ,ma/]s t ! c&idate _h complet$ ! necess>y resid5ce & att5d$ ,lectures 9 ! prescrib$ subjects1 & secondly to exam9e him 9 ! cont5ts ( 8 books4 ,if he pass$ ?is ,exam9ation1 he 0 admitt$ to det]m9e4 ,det]m9ation 0 a great day 9 ! /ud5t's ,univ]sity life4 ,x reta9$ mu* ( its primitive "* ( a /ud5t's fe/ivity4 ,x 0 n1 x w\ld seem1 till ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury t ! /ud5t's ,ma/] 0 requir$ to be (ficially pres5t at x4 ,! ,spee*-day ( a ,public ,s*ool if comb9$ ) consid]ably m ?an ! lic5se ( ! ,ox=d ,enca5ia or degree day "h 9 ,may week w\ld p]haps be ! ne>e/ mod]n equival5t ( ^! m$ieval exhibitions ( ris+ tal5t4 ,e ef=t 0 made to attract to ! ,s*ools z l>ge an audi5ce z possible1 n m]ely ( ,ma/]s or fell[-/ud5ts1 b if possible ( ecclesia/ical dignit>ies & o!r di/+ui%$ p]sons4 ,! fri5ds ( a ,det]m9] :o 0 n successful 9 draw+ a m di/+ui%$ audi5ce1 w\ld run out into ! /reets & =cibly drag *ance pass]s-by into ! ,s*ool4 ,w9e 0 provid$ at ! ,det]m9]'s exp5se 9 ! ,s*ools3 & ! day end$ 9 a fea/ giv5 9 imitation ( ! ,ma/]'s ,inception-banquets1 ev5 if danc+ or tor*-light processions 7 =borne 9 def]5ce to au?ority4 ,i may add "h 9 p>5!sis t ! ?ir/9ess1 always s rem>kable 9 ! m$ieval man :e!r x make him /range to y or help to +ratiate him z a human bro!r1 seems to h foll[$ him ev5 into ! ,tripos4 ',x 0 n only aft] a ,univ]sity ex]cise1' says ! hi/orian 7,ra%dall1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #fhg71 'b dur+ its progress t ! ne$ ( refre%m5t 0 apt to be felt4444 ,_m ,/atutes allude--"s by way ( prohibition1 b n always--to ! cu/om ( provid+ w9e = ! ,exam9]s or ,temptator good ^w be=e1 dur+1 or aft] ! ,exam9ation4 ,at ,heidelb]g ! ,dean ( ! ,faculty might ord] 9 dr9ks1 ! c&idate n4 ,at ,leipsic ! c&idate is =bidd5 to treat fac]e prop9am ! ,exam9]s be=e ! ,exam9ation3 :i* seems s\nd4 ,at ,vi5na 7m$ical s*ool7 he is requir$ to sp5d a flor9 pro confectionibus4' ,v ,n[ :5 we come to ,engl&--t is1 to ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 :i* ev] _h que] ways ( _! own--we f9d1 /range to say1 = c5turies no evid5ce at all ( any k9d ( exam9ation4 ,z = competitive exam9ations l ! defunct ,ma!matical & ,classical ,triposes "h--) ,s5ior ,wrangl]s1 ,wood5 ,spoons & :at lay betwe5--( all ,european ,univ]sities1 ,l\va9 alone us$ ! sy/em & may h inv5t$ x4 ,at ,l\va9 ! c&idates = ! ,ma/]%ip 7 plac$ 9 ?ree classes1 9 ea* ( :i* ! names 7 arrang$ 9 ord] ( m]it4 ,! fir/ class 7 /yl$ ,rigorosi 7,hon\r-m571 ! second ,transibiles 7,pass-m571 ! ?ird ,gratiosi 7,*>ity-passes72 :ile a f\r? class1 n publicly ann\nc$1 conta9$ ! names ( ^? :o c\ld n be pass$ on any t]ms4 ',si autem 7quod absit671' says ! ,/atute1 'aliqui inv5iantur refutabiles1 erant de qu>to ord9e4' ',^! competitive exam9ations'--,i proce$ 9 ! hi/orian's words--'contribut$ l>gely to raise ,l\va9 to ! high position z a place ( le>n+ & education :i* x reta9$ be=e ! ,univ]sities 7 r\s$ f _! #ae? c5tury torpor by ! revival ( ,le>n+4' ,pope ,adrian ,,vi 0 "o ( its fam\s ,primuses1 & ,jans5 ano!r4 ,! ,college :i* produc$ a ,primus enjoy$ ?ree days' holiday1 dur+ :i* its bell 0 rung cont9u\sly day & night4 ,at ,ox=d & ,cambridge 7,i repeat7 we f9d 9 _! e>ly days no trace ( any exam9ation at all4 ,to be sure--& z p]haps y "k--! fir/ ar*ives ( ?is ,univ]sity 7 burn$ 9 ! ',t[n & ,g[n' riots ( #acha by ! ,t[nsm51 ^: desc5dants ,erasmus describes g5ially z 'comb9+ ! utmo/ ru/icity ) ! utmo/ malevol5ce4' ,b no /ud5t w d\bt t ,cambridge us$ pretty mu* ! same sy/em z ,ox=d1 & ! sy/em 0 ?is3--,:5 a c&idate pres5t$ himself be=e ! ,*ancellor = a ,lic5se 9 ,arts1 he _h to swe> t he _h he>d c]ta9 books#a1 & n9e ,reg5t ,ma/]s 7besides 8 own ,ma/]1 :o pres5t$ him7 7 requir$ to depose to _! k 7de sci5tia7 ( 8 suffici5cy3 & five o!rs to _! cr$5ce 7de cr$ulitate71 says ! ,/atute4 ,only 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,!ology 0 no room all[$ to cr$ulity3 !re all ! ,ma/]s _h to depose '( _! k1' & "o black ball exclud$4 ,,vi ,well1 y may urge t ?is me?od has a good deal to be said = x4 ,i w g "s way to meet y too3 b fir/ y mu/ pay me ! complim5t ( suppos+ me a j man4 ,be+ a j man1 & !re also be+ presum$ 9 me "s acqua9tance ) ,engli% ,lit]ature--n inde$ mu*--n necess>ily mu*--b en\gh to di/+ui% good writ+ f bad or1 at any rate1 real writ+ f %am1 & at lea/ to h an inkl+ ( :at ^! poets & prose-writ]s 7 try+ to d--:y !n ,i decl>e to y t1 aft] two ye>s' read+ ) a man & talk ) him ab\t lit]ature1 ,i %\ld h a f> bett] s5se ( 8 indu/ry1 ( 8 capacity1 ( 8 p]=mance & 7bett]7 ( 8 promise1 ?an any exam9ation is likely to yield me4 ,9 %ort ,i c\ld sign him up = a fir/1 second or ?ird class1 or z refutabilis1 ) m accuracy & confid5ce ?an ,i c\ld d]ive f tak+ him z a /rang] & pond]+ 8 ?ree or f\r days' p]=mance 9 a ,tripos4 ,= "s ( ! be/ m5 mature sl[ly3 & "s1 if n mo/1 ( ! be/ writ]s write sl[ly because !y h a consci5ce2 & ! mo/ orig9al m9ds are j ^? = :om1 9 a lit]>y exam9ation1 x is h>de/ to set a pap]4 ,b ! process 7y w admit7 might be invidi\s1 might l5d itself to misund]/&+1 might conceivably ev5 lead to re-imposition ( an oa? =bidd+ ! use ( a knife or o!r %>p implem5t4 ,& among ,colleges rivalry is n altoge!r unkn[n2 & dons1 if unlike o!r m5 9 outw>d aspect1 sometimes resemble !m 9 frailty2 & 9 %ort ,i am afraid we %all h to /ick to ! old sy/em = a :ile long]4 ,i am sorry1 ,g5tlem53 b y see h[ x works4 ,,vii ,yet--& ,i admit x--! ma9 objection abides3 t1 :ile ,lit]ature deals ) ,:at ,is r ?an ) ,:at ,kn[s1 ,exam9ations by _! v nature te/ m]e ,k r ?an any?+ else3 t 9 ! h&s ( a second-rate exam9] !y t5d to te/ k alone1 or :at passes = k3 & t 9 ! v run ( ?is _w mo/ exam9]s w be second-rate m53 :i*1 if we rem9d ourselves t !y receive ! pay ( fif?-rate ones is1 aft] all1 consid]ably bett] ?an we h a "r to expect4 ,we are deal+1 m9d y1 ) ,engli% ,lit]ature--our own lit]ature4 ,9 exam9+ ^u a =eign lit]ature we c artfully lay our /ress ^u ,k & yet nei!r raise nor risk rais+ ! fatal que/ions ',:at is x all ab\t8' ',:at is x1 & :y is x x8'-s9ce m]ely to translate lit]ally a *orus ( ! ,agamemnon1 or an ode ( ,p9d>'s1 or a passage f ,dante or ,molire is a cr$itable p]=mance2 to translate ei!r well is a consid]able feat2 & to translate ei!r p]fectly is :at y c't d1 & ! exam9] kn[s y c't d1 & y "k ! exam9] c't d1 & ! exam9] kn[s y "k he c't d4 ,b :5 we come to a f9e ?+ 9 our own language--to a /anza f ,%elley's ,adonais = in/ance3 ,he has outso>$ ! %ad[ ( our night2 ,envy & calumny & hate & pa91 ,& t unre/ :i* m5 miscall delight1 ,c t\* him n & torture n aga92 ,f ! contagion ( ! _w's sl[ /a9 ,he is secure1 & n[ c nev] m\rn ,a he>t gr[n cold1 a head gr[n gray 9 va92 ,nor1 :5 ! _s's self has ceas$ to burn1 ,) sp>kless a%es load an unlam5t$ urn4 :at c y d ) t8 ,h[ c y exam9e on t8 ,well1 yes1 y c reque/ ! c&idate1 to ',write a %ort note on ! ^w calumny above1' or ask ',f :at is x d]iv$8' ',:at does he "k ( ,blackwood's ,magaz9e8' ',c he quote any p>allel allusion 9 ,byron8' ,y c ask all t3 b y are n gett+ )9 measurable di/ance ( x4 ,y\r m9d is n ev5 mov+ on ! "r plane4 ,or let me turn back to "s light & artless ,elizabe?an ?+--say to ! ,o5one duet 9 ,peele's ,arraignm5t ( ,p>is3 ,o5one4 ,fair & fair & twice s fair1 ,z fair z any may be3 ,! faire/ %eph]d on our gre51 ,a love = any lady4 ,p>is ,fair & fair & twice s fair1 ,z fair z any may be3 ,?y love is fair = !e alone1 ,& = no o!r lady4 ,o5one4 ,my love is fair1 my love is gay1 ,z fre% z b9 ! fl[]s 9 ,may1 ,& ( my love my r\ndelay1 ,my m]ry m]ry m]ry r\ndelay ,concludes ) ,cupid's curse3 ,!y t d *ange old love = new1 ,pray gods !y *ange = worse4444 ,my love c pipe1 my love c s+1 ,my love c _m a pretty ?+1 ,& ( 8 lovely praises r+ ,my m]ry m]ry m]ry r\ndelays ',am5' to ,cupid's curse3 ,!y t d *ange old love = new ,pray gods !y *ange = worse4 ,ambo4 ,fair & fair & twice s fair1 ,z fair z any may be3 ,! faire/ %eph]d on our gre51 ,a love = any lady4444 ,h[ c anyone exam9e on t8 ,h[ c anyone solemnly expla91 9 a hurry1 answ]+ "o ( five or six que/ions select$ f a ?ree h\rs' pap]1 j :y & h[ t hits him8 ,& yet1 if x hit him n1 he is lo/4 ,if ev5 s simple a ?+ z t--a ?+ ( silly soo?--d n hit him1 he is all unfit to traffic ) lit]ature4 ,,viii ,y see h[ delicate a bus9ess x is4 ,exam9ation 9 ,lit]ature1 be+ by its v nature s closely ti$ d[n to be a te/ ( ,k1 c h>dly1 save :5 us$ by g5ius1 ) c>e1 be any f9al te/ ( t :i* is bett] ?an ,k1 ( t :i* is ! cr[n ( all s*ol>%ip1 ( und]/&+4 ,b d n !re=e lose he>t1 ev5 9 y\r read+ = /rict purposes ( exam9ation4 ,our talk is ( read+4 ,let me fet* y "s com=t f ! si/] & correlative1 b h>d]1 art ( writ+4 ,i mo/ pot5tly believe t ! v be/ writ+1 9 v]se or 9 prose1 c only be produc$ 9 mom5ts ( high excitem5t1 or r 7z ,i %\ld put x7 9 ^? mom5ts ( /ill & solemn awe into :i* a noble excitem5t lifts a man4 ,let me speak only ( prose1 ( :i* y may m cauti\sly all[ ?is ?an ( v]se4 ,i ?9k ( ,/ ,paul's glori\s passage1 z r5d]$ 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 conclud+ ! #ae? *apt] ( 8 ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,fir/1 z y "k1 comes ! long1 sway+1 s*ola/ic1 some:at sophi/icat$ argum5t ab\t ! evid5ce ( resurrection2 ab\t ! corn1 't :i* ?\ s[e/1' ! vivification1 ! *ange 9 vivification1 & ! re/4 ,all ?is1 almo/ purely argum5tative1 %\ld be read quietly1 ) none ( ! bravura :i* y\r prize read] lavi%es on x4 ,! argum5t works up quietly--at once t5sely & s9u\sly1 b v quietly--to conviction4 ,!n comes ! hu%2 & !n ! au?oritative voice speak+ out ( x1 awful & sl[1 ',behold1 ,i %ew y a my/]y' 444 & !n1 all ! lat5t emotion ( fai? tak+ hold & lift+ ! man on its surge1 ',= ! trumpet %all s\nd1 & ! dead %all be rais$ incorruptible' 444 & s1 incorruption toll+ d[n corruption1 ! trumpet sma%es dea? und]foot 9 victory3 until out ( ! mid/ ( tumult1 s\nds ! recall2 sob]1 measur$1 claim+ ! purifi$ he>t back to discipl9e4 ',!re=e1 my belov$ bre?r51 be ye /$fa/1 unmoveable1 always ab\nd+ 9 ! "w ( ! ,"l1 =asmu* z ye "k t y\r lab\r is n 9 va9 9 ! ,"l4' ,i ?9k ( t triumphant passage4 ,i ?9k ( ! s5t5ces ) :i* ,isaak ,walton ends 8 life ( ,donne4 ,i ?9k ( ! la/ pages ( ,motley's ,dut* ,republic1 ) its eulogy on ,william ! ,sil5t s exquisitely clos+3 ,z long z he liv$1 he 0 ! guid+-/> ( a :ole brave nation1 & :5 he di$ ! little *ildr5 cri$ 9 ! /reets4 ,i ?9k ( two great prose passages 9 ,?ack]ay's ,esmond2 ( ,l&or's ,dream ( ,boccaccio 444 & s on3 & ,i am sure t1 9 prose or 9 v]se1 ! be/ t man c utt] fl[s f him ei!r 9 mom5ts ( high m5tal excitem5t or 9 ! hu% ( t ,altitudo to :i* high excitem5t lifts him4 ,b1 fir/ n[1 obs]ve h[ all ^! passages--& !y are ! fir/ ,i call to m9d--rise l cre/s on a l>ge bulk ( a wave --,/ ,paul's on a lab\r+ argum5t ab\t immortality2 ,motley's at ! conclusion ( a heavy task4 ,long campaign+ br+s ! rew>d ( ,h>ry ,esmond's return to ,ca/lewood1 long intrigue ( ! au?or's m9d ) 8 *>act]s closes t febrile *apt] 9 :i* ,h>ry walks home to break ! news ( ! dea? ( ! ,duke ( ,hamilton--9 ! e>ly morn+ ?r\gh ,k5s+ton1 :]e ! newsboys are already %\t+ x3 ,! _w 0 go+ to its bus9ess aga91 al?\gh dukes lay dead & ladies m\rn$ = !m4444 ,s day & night pass away1 & to-morr[ comes1 & our place kn[s u n4 ,esmond ?\ght ( ! c\ri] n[ gallop+ on ! nor? road to in=m him1 :o 0 ,e>l ( ,arran ye/]day1 t he 0 ,duke ( ,hamilton to-day1 & ( a ?\s& great s*emes1 hopes1 ambitions1 t 7 alive 9 ! gallant he>t1 beat+ b a few h\rs s9ce1 & n[ 9 a little du/ quiesc5t4 ,& on top ( ?is let me assure y t 9 writ+1 or le>n+ to write1 solid daily practice is ! prescription & 'wait+ ^u inspiration' a lure4 ,^! cre/s only rise on ! back ( con/ant lab\r4 ,n9e days1 accord+ to ,hom]1 ,leto travail$ ) ,apollo3 b he 0 ,apollo1 "l ( ,song4 ,i "k ?is to be true ( ord9>y tal5t3 b1 suppos+ y all to be g5iuses1 ,i am almo/ z sure t x holds ( g5ius4 ,li/5 to ?is3 ,napoleon ,i us$ to say t battles 7 won by ! sudd5 fla%+ ( an idea ?r\gh ! bra9 ( a comm&] at a c]ta9 critical in/ant4 ,! capacity = g5]at+ ?is sudd5 electric sp>k 0 milit>y g5ius4444 ,napoleon seems always to h c\nt$ ^u x1 always to h believ$ t :5 ! critical mom5t arriv$ ! wild confusion ( ! battlefield w\ld be illum9at$ = him by t bur/ ( sudd5 flame4 ,b if ,napoleon _h be5 ignorant ( ! prosaic bus9ess ( 8 pr(ession1 to :i* he att5d$ m closely ?an any o!r comm&]1 w\ld ^! mom5ts ( supreme cle>ness h avail$ him1 or w\ld !y h come to him at all8 ,my au?or ?9ks n3 & ,i am sure he is "r4 ,s1 9 writ+1 only out ( long prep>ation c come ! truly triumphant fla%3 & ,i ask y to pu% ?is analogy fur!r1 into ! bus9ess ( read+1 ev5 ( read+ = exam9ation4 ,y le>n to discipl9e y\rselves1 y acquire ! art ( m>%all+1 ( conc5trat+1 driv+ y\r k ^u a po9t3 &--= y are "y--t po9t is by no means ! f9al po9t4 ,say t x is only an exam9ation1 & silly at t4 ,/ill y h be5 le>n+ ! art1 y h be5 tra9+ y\rself to be1 = a bett] purpose1 effective4 ,,ix ,yet1 & :5 ?is has be5 grant$1 ! crucial "q abides & ,i mu/ n %irk x 'y say t ! highe/ lit]ature deals ) ,:at ,is r ?an ) ,:at ,kn[s4 ,x is all v f9e to assure u t te/+ our k ab\t ,lit]ature & ar\nd ,lit]ature1 & on ?is side or t side ( ,lit]ature1 is heal?y = u 9 "s oblique way3 b c y exam9]s exam9e1 or c y n1 on ,lit]ature 9 :at y call its own & prop] category ( ,:at ,is8' ,s ,i he> ! "q--! "q :i* beats & has beat51 ov] & ov] aga91 good m5 try+ to con/ruct ,s*ools ( ,engli% 9 our ,univ]sities4 ,) all s5se ( a responsibility1 ( a difficulty1 t has la9 on my m9d = ^! five ye>s1 ,i answ]1 ,g5tlem51 ',yes1 we ought3 yes1 we c3 & yes1 we w4' ,b1 = ! a*ievem5t1 we tea*]s mu/ fir/ "k h[ to tea*4 ,:5 t is le>n$1 ,exam9ation w come z a consequ5t1 easy1 almo/ trivial matt]4 ,i w1 = example-- hav+ already all[$ h[ h>d x is to exam9e on lit]ature --take ! difficulty at its v extreme4 ,i w select a piece ( poetry1 & ! poet %all be ,keats--on :om1 if on any "o1 is felt ! temptation to write gu% & loose ae/hetic *att]4 ,a pupil comes to read ) me1 & ,i op5 at ! fam\s ,ode to a ,grecian ,urn4 7#a7 ,we read x ?r\gh toge!r1 p]haps twice2 at ! second attempt gett+ ! emphasis "r1 & "s1 at any rate1 ( ! modulations ( voice4 ,s we rea* a work+ idea ( ! ,ode & :at ,keats meant x to be4 7#b7 ,we !n comp>e x ) 8 o!r ,odes1 & obs]ve t x is 7a7 regul> 9 /anza =m1 7b7 9 spite ( its outbur/ 9 ! #crd /anza--',m happy love6 m happy1 happy love' etc4-- mu* sev]] 9 tone ?an1 e4g41 ! ,ode to a ,night+ale or ! ,ode to ,psy*e1 7c7 t ! emotion is n lusci\s1 b simple1 7d7 t ?is simplicity is ,hell5ic1 s f> z ,keats c compass x1 & 7e7 em95tly well-suit$ to its subject1 :i* is a c>v5 urn1 graci\s b sev]e ( outl9e2 a mom5t ( joy caught by ! sculptor & arre/$1 = "t to p]petuate2 yet --& ?is is ! po9t ( ! ,ode--convey+ a s5se t innoc5t gaiety is n only its own excuse1 b ( human ?+s "o ( ! few et]nal--& et]nal j because x is joy\s & fleet+4 7#c7 ,!n we g back & comp>e ?is k9d ( quiet immortal beauty ) ! passionate immortality hymn$ 9 ! ,night+ale ,ode ,?\ wa/ n born = dea?1 immortal ,bird6 ,no hungry g5]ations tread !e d[n444 ) all ! re/ ( t supreme /anza3 f :i* 7) "s passages my read+ supplies to illu/rate ! diff]5ce7 we fall to contra/+ ! vibrat+ ?rill ( ! ,night+ale ) ! happy grace ( ! ,grecian ,urn &1 all[+ ea* to be appropriate1 dispute = a :ile1 p]haps1 ov] ! m]its ( classical calm & romantic ?rill4 7#d7 ,f ?is we proce$ to exam9e ! ,ode 9 detail l9e by l9e3 :i* exam9ation br+s up a :ole cr[d ( que/ions1 su* z 7a7 ,we h a ?\ght en\nc$ 9 ! fir/ /anza4 ,does ! ,ode g on to develop & amplify x1 z an ,ode %\ld8 ,or does ,pegasus come d[n aga9 & aga9 on ! pr9ts f :i* he took (f8 ,if he d ?is1 & ! action ( ! ,ode be dead & unprogressive1 is ! defect cov]$ by beauty ( language8 ,c su* defect ev] be s cov]$8 7b7 ,l9es #ae & #af anticipate l9es #ba-bd1 :i* are say+ ! same ?+ & gett+ no =w>d]4 7c7 ,we come to ! l9es ,:at little t[n by riv] or sea %ore1 ,or m\nta9-built ) peaceful citadel1 ,is empti$ ( ?is folk1 ?is pi\s morn8 ) ! answ]+ l9es ,&1 little t[n1 ?y /reets = ev]more ,w sil5t be2 & n a s\l to tell ,:y ?\ art desolate1 c e'er return4 & we note ,sir ,sidney ,colv9's sugge/ion t ?is breaks 9 ^u an arre/ ( art z ?\gh x 7 an arre/ on reality3 & rememb] t he rais$ a some:at simil> "q ov] ,! ,night+ale2 & comp>+ !m1 discuss tru? ( emotion aga9/ tru? ( reality4 ,we come to ! la/ /anza & lam5t ',o ,attic %ape6 ,fair attitude' = its j+le3 b note h[ ! poet recov]s himself & br+s ! :ole to a gr& close4 ,i h1 ev5 yet1 m5tion$ b a few ( ! po9ts4 ,= "o1 ,i h omitt$ its mo/ beautiful v[el-play1 on :i* tea*] & pupil c dwell & le>n toge!r4 ,& heav5 =bid t z a tea*] ,i %\ld insi/ ev5 on half ( ^? ,i h indicat$4 ,a tea*]1 z ,i hold1 %\ld wat* = :at 8 pupil div9es ( 8 own accord2 b if1 traffick+ ) works ( inspiration1 he h no gift to cat* t inspiration nor p[] to pass x on1 !n ,i say ',heav5 help him6 b he has no valid "r on e>? to be 9 ! bus9ess4' ,& if a tea*] h all ^! *ances ( tea*+--m9d y1 ( accurate tea*+--suppli$ him by a s+le ,ode ( ,keats1 d y suppose we _c set 9 an ,exam9ation pap] "o intellig5t "q ^u x1 9 its own lawful category8 ,g5tlem51 ) ! mo/ scrupul\s t5d]ness = ag$ & ev5 decrepit int]e/s1 we h be5 try+ to lib]ate y f c]ta9 old bad sup]/itions & sil5tly lay+ ! /ones ( a new ,s*ool ( ,engli%1 :i* we believe to be wor?y ev5 ( ,cambridge4 ,our proposals are be=e ! ,univ]sity4 ,%\ld !y be pass$1 /ill ev]y?+ w dep5d on ! loyalty ( its tea*]s to ! idea2 & on t en?usiasm :i* ,i suppose to be ! nurse ( all /udies & "k to be ! au!ntic *]i%+ nurse ( ours4 ,we may ev5 h conc$$ too mu* to ! lett]1 b we h built & built our tru/ on ! _s ':i* make? alive4' ,footnote #a3 ,:y _h he to swe> ?is "u pa9 ( excommunication1 :5 ! lectur] c\ld s easily keep a roll-call8 ,b ! am\nt ( oa?tak+ 9 a m$ieval ,univ]sity 0 prodigi\s4 ,ev5 ,college s]vants 7 put on oa? = _! duties3 ,gyps invit$ _! own damnation1 b$-mak]s kiss$ ! book4 ,abroad1 :]e exam9ations 7 held1 ! ,exam9] swore n to take a bribe1 ! ,c&idate nei!r to give "o1 nor1 if unsuccessful1 to take 8 v5geance on ! ,exam9] ) a knife or o!r %>p in/rum5t4 ,at ,new ,college1 ,ox=d1 ! matriculat+ und]graduate 0 requir$ to swe> 9 p>ticul> n to dance 9 ! ,college ,*apel4 ,,lecture ,,vi ,,on ,a ,,s*ool ,,( ,,engli% ,,w$nesday1 ,,octob] #ag1 #aiag ,i ,x is n[1 ,g5tlem51 five ye>s less a t]m s9ce1 feel+ 7z !y say ( o!r (f5d]s7 my position acutely1 ,i _h ! hon\r ( read+ an ,inaugural be=e ?is ,univ]sity & ! impud5ce to loose1 9 ! c\rse ( x1 a light %aft aga9/ a phrase 9 ! v ,ord9ance def9+ ! duties ( ?is ,*air4 ',x %all be ! duty ( ! ,pr(essor1' says ! ,ord9ance1 'to deliv] c\rses ( lectures on ,engli% ,lit]ature f ! age ( ,*auc] onw>ds1 & o!rwise to promote1 s f> z may be 9 8 p[]1 ! /udy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ! subject ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4' ,t 0 ! phrase at :i* ,i glanc$--'! subject ( ,engli% ,lit]ature'2 & ,i propose t we />t to-day1 = reasons t w appe>1 by subject+ ?is subject to "s exam9ation4 ,,ii ',! ,subject ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4' ,surely--= a />t--!re is no su* ?+2 or r1 may we n say t ev]y?+ is1 has be5 or c be1 a subject ( ,engli% ,lit]ature8 ,man's loss ( ,p>adise has be5 a subject ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 & s has be5 a ,copp] ,co9age 9 ,irel&1 & s has be5 ,roa/ ,suck+-pig1 & s has be5 ,holy ,dy+1 & s has be5 ,mr ,pepys's some:at unholy liv+1 & s h be5 ,ecclesia/ical ,polity1 ,! ,grail1 ,angl+ = ,*ub1 ,! ,weal? ( ,nations1 ,! ,sublime & ! ,beautiful1 ,! ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ,prize-,fights1 ,grecian ,urns1 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 ,intimations ( ,immortality 9 e>ly ,*ildhood1 ,travels ) a ,donkey1 ,rural ,rides & ,reject$ ,addresses--all ^! h be5 subjects ( ,engli% ,lit]ature3 z h be5 human complots & intrigues z wide asund] z ,o!llo & ,! ,s*ool = ,sc&al2 p]sons z diff]5t z ,prome!us & ,dr ,johnson1 ,imog5 & ,moll ,fl&]s1 ,pi]s ! ,pl[man & ,mr ,pickwick2 places z diff]5t z ,utopia & ,cran=d1 ,laputa & ,read+ ,gaol4 ,epipsy*idion is lit]ature3 b s is ,a ,tale ( a ,tub4 ,li/51 = ?is is lit]ature3 ,if "s k+ ( ! e>? h s l>ge an ext5t ( dom9ion1 9 nor?1 & s\?1 s t he ha? w9t] & summ] toge!r 9 8 dom9ions1 s l>ge an ext5t ea/ & we/ z t he ha? day & night toge!r 9 8 dom9ions1 mu* m ha? ,god m]cy & judgem5t toge!r3 ,he br\ght light out ( d>kness1 n out ( a less] light2 he c br+ ?y summ] out ( w9t]1 ?\gh ?\ h no spr+2 ?\gh 9 ! ways ( =tune1 or und]/&+1 or consci5ce1 ?\ h be5 b5ight$ till n[1 w9t]$ & froz51 cl\d$ & eclips$1 damp$ & b5umb$1 smo!r$ & /upefi$ till n[1 n[ ,god comes to !e1 n z 9 ! dawn+ ( ! day1 n z 9 ! bud ( ! spr+1 b z ! sun at noon to illu/rate all %ad[s1 z ! %eaves 9 h>ve/1 to fill all p5uries1 all occasions invite 8 m]cies1 & all times are 8 seasons#a4 ,b li/5 aga91 = ?is also is lit]ature3 ,a sweet disord] 9 ! dress ,k9dles 9 clo!s a wantonness3 ,a lawn ab\t ! %\ld]s ?r[n ,into a f9e di/raction3 ,an err+ lace1 :i* "h & !re ,en?rals ! crimson /oma*]3 ,a cuff neglectful1 & !reby ,ribbons to fl[ confus$ly3 ,a w9n+ wave1 des]v+ note1 ,9 ! tempe/u\s petticoat3 ,a c>eless %oe-/r+1 9 ^: tie ,i see a wild civility3 ,d m bewit* me ?an :5 art ,is too precise 9 e "p4 ,"h aga9 is lit]ature3 ,:5 ,i 0 a *ild1 at sev5 ye>s old1 my fri5ds on a holiday fill$ my pockets ) copp]s4 ,i w5t directly to a %op :]e !y sold toys = *ildr52 & be+ *>m$ ) ! s\nd ( a :i/le t ,i met by ! way 9 ! h&s ( ano!r boy1 ,i volunt>ily (f]$ him all my money = "o4 ,i !n came home & w5t :i/l+ all ov] ! h\se1 mu* pleas$ ) my :i/le b di/urb+ all ! family4 ,my bro!rs & si/]s & c\s9s1 und]/&+ ! b>ga9 ,i _h made1 told me ,i _h giv5 f\r times z mu* = x z x 0 wor? 444 ,! reflection gave me m *agr9 ?an ! :i/le gave me pleasure4 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl94 ,( a bridal1 ?is is lit]ature3 ,op5 ! temple gates unto my love1 ,op5 !m wide t %e may ent] 96 ,b s also is ,suckl+'s acc\nt ( a w$d+ t beg9s ,i tell !e1 ,dick1 :]e ,i h be54 ,?is is lit]ature3 ,& a man %all be z an hid+ place f ! w9d1 & a cov]t f ! tempe/2 ,z riv]s ( wat] 9 a dry place1 ,z ! %ad[ ( a great rock 9 a we>y l&4 ,b s is ?is lit]ature3 ,"o circle _c t\* ano!r circle on ! outside at m po9ts ?an "o4 ,=1 if x be possible1 let ! circle ,,ack t\* ! circle ,,abc at ! po9ts ,a1 ,c4 ,jo9 ,,ac4 ,!n because ! two po9ts ,a1 ,c are 9 ! circumf]5ce ( ! circle ,,ack ! l9e :i* jo9s !m falls )9 t circle4 ,b ! circle ,,ack is )\t ! circle ,,abc4 ,!re=e ! /raight l9e ,,ac is )\t ! circle ,,abc4 ,b because ! two po9ts ,a1 ,c are 9 ! circumf]5ce ( ,,abc !re=e ! /raight l9e ,,ac falls )9 t circle4 ,:i* is absurd4 ,!re=e "o circle _c t\* ano!r on ! outside at m po9ts ?an "o4 ,all ?\ghts1 z well z all passions1 all delights votum1 timor1 ira1 voluptas-- :atsoev]1 9 %ort1 engages man's activity ( s\l or body1 may be deem$ ! subject ( lit]ature & is trans=m$ into lit]ature by process ( record+ x 9 memorable spee*4 ,x is s1 x has be5 s1 & ,god =bid x %\ld ev] n be s6 ,,iii ,n[ ?is1 put s1 is 7y w say7 s extremely1 obvi\s t x mu/ ne$s hide a fallacy or at be/ a quibble on a ^w4 ,i %all try to %[ t x does n3 t x directly opposes pla9 tru? to a conv5tion accept$ by ! ,ord9ance1 & t ! fallacy lies 9 t conv5tion4 ,a conv5tion may be def9$ z some?+ :i* a numb] ( m5 h agre$ to accept 9 lieu ( ! tru? & to pass (f = ! tru? ^u o!rs3 ,i 0 ab\t to add1 pref]ably :5 !y c cat* !m "y3 b "s rec5t travel 9 railway tra9s & li/5+ to ! k9d ( /uff m5 ( mature ye>s deliv] /raight out ( newspap]s = ! products ( _! own dige/$ ?\ght h p]suad$ me t ! ord9>y man is z susceptible at fifty1 sixty1 or ev5 sev5ty z at any e>li] p]iod ( gr[?1 & t ! process ( incubation is sc>cely less rapid4 ,i am n1 to be sure1 conc]n$ to d5y t !re may be conv5tions useful en\gh to society1 s]v+ x to ma9ta9 gov]nm5t1 ord]1 public & private dec5cy1 or ! comm]ce on :i* x mu/ ne$s re/ to be a civilis$ society at all-- comm]ce ( food1 comm]ce ( clo?+1 & s on1 up to comm]ce 9 k & ideas4 ,gov]nm5t itself--any =m ( x--is a conv5tion2 m>riage is a conv5tion2 money ( c\rse is a conv5tion1 & ! alphabet itself ,i suppose to conta9 z _m conv5tions z all ! old ,c\rts ( ,love & ,laws ( ,*ivalry put toge!r1 & our ,engli% alphabet "o trem5d\s fallacy1 t tw5ty-six lett]s1 sep>ately or 9 comb9ation are capable ( symbolis+ all ! s\nds produc$ by an ,engli%man's organs ( spee*1 let alone ! s\nds he he>s f =eign]s1 dogs1 guns1 /eam-eng9es1 motor-horns & o!r fri5ds & enemies to :om we d5y ! fran*ise4 ,also ( c\rse x ignores ! :ole sy/em ( musical notes--ano!r conv5tion--:i* yet ) _m ( ! old] b>ds c\ld h>dly be sep>at$ f ! words !y us$1 ?\gh n[ only ! words survive & z lit]ature4 ,,iv ,b e conv5tion has a fallacy some:]e at ! root2 :e!r x be useful & op]ative1 z _m a legal fiction is op]ative1 = good2 or s5ile1 pa/ s]vice yet tyrann\s by cu/om1 & s p]nici\s2 or m]ely fooli%1 z c]ta9 arti/ic conv5tions are traceable1 :5 a ,rusk9 comes to judgm5t1 back to no?+ bett] ?an folly3 & x becomes m5 ( hone/ m9d1 9 deal+ ) any?+ recognisable z a conv5tion1 to exam9e its accept$ fallacy1 :e!r x be well und]/ood or ill und]/ood2 b5efic5t or p]nici\s or m]ely fooli% or bo? fooli% & p]nici\s3 & ?is is (t5 mo/ h&ily done by trac+ its hi/ory4 ,n[ ,i %all assume t ! fram]s ( ! ,ord9ance regulat+ ! duties ( ?is ,*air knew well en\gh1 ( _! own read+1 t ,engli% ,lit]ature deals ) a va/ v>iety ( subjects3 & t1 if any piece ( writ+ miss to deal ) its p>ticul> subject1 s closely t !me & treatm5t c sc>cely be sep>at$1 by s mu* w x be faulty z lit]ature4 ,milton is fairly possess$ ) ! /ory ( ,man's fall1 ,boswell possess$ ) ,johnson1 ,%elley ) hatr$ ( tyranny 9 all its manife/ations1 ,mill aga9 ) ! idea ( ,lib]ty3 & x is only because we _h k pres5t$ to u at an age :5 we ?\ght m att5tively ( apples1 t we /ill fail to recognise 9 ,euclid & ,dr ,todhunt] two writ]s :o are excell5t because possess$ ) a passion = ,geometry4 ,i inf]1 !n1 t ! fram]s ( ! ,ord9ance1 :5 !y employ$ ?is phrase '! /udy ( ! subject ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1' knew well en\gh t no su* ?+ exi/$ 9 nature1 b adopt$ ! conv5tion t ,engli% ,lit]ature c\ld be sep>at$ someh[ f its cont5t & treat$ z a subject all by itself1 = tea*+ purposes3 &1 = purposes ( exam9ation1 c\ld be yok$ up ) ano!r subject call$ ,engli% ,language1 z o!r ,univ]sities _h yok$ x4 ,v ,i believe ! foll[+ to be a fair acc\nt ( h[ ^! exam9ations 9 ,engli% ,language & ,lit]ature came to pass1 & h[ a c]ta9 k9d ( /ud5t came to pass ^! ,exam9ations4 ,at any rate s9ce ! small revolution has happ5$ 9 my life-"t & mo/ ( x s9ce ,i 0 able to obs]ve1 ! acc\nt "h is drawn f my own obs]vation & may be *eck$ & correct$ by y\rs4 ,?irty-five or =ty ye>s ago--say 9 ! late sev5ties or e>ly eighties--"s prep>atory s*ools1 & o!rs t taught old] boys b rank$ bel[ ! great ,public ,s*ools 9 repute1 taught s mu* ( ,engli% ,lit]ature z might be compris$1 at a r\gh calculation1 9 two or ?ree plays ( ,%akespe>e1 edit$ by ,cl>k & ,aldis ,wright2 a few ( ,bacon's ,essays1 ,milton's e>ly poems1 ,/op=d ,brooke's little prim]1 a book ( extracts = committal to memory1 ) p]haps ,*auc]'s ,prologue & a ,spee* ( ,burke4 ,9 ! great ,public ,s*ools no ,engli% ,lit]ature 0 /udi$1 save 9 ^? :i* _h inv5t$ ',mod]n ,sides1' to prep>e boys specially = ,woolwi* or ,s&hur/ or ! ,indian ,civil ,s]vice2 = entrance to :i* exam9ations 7 held on c]ta9 prescrib$ ,engli% ,classics1 & m>ks ma9ly giv5 = acqua9tance ) ! editors' notes4 ,9 ! ,univ]sities1 ! /udy ( ,engli% ,classics 0 n (ficially recognis$ at all4 ,let u n ha/ily suppose t ?is neglect ( ,engli% re/$ :olly on unreason1 or _h no?+ to say = itself4 ,tea*]s & tutors ( ! old ,classical ,education 7z x 0 call$7 c\ld plead z foll[s3 ',9 ! fir/ place1' !y w\ld say1 ',engli% ,lit]ature is too easy a /udy4 ,our y\?1 at ,s*ool or ,univ]sity1 />ts on 8 native classics ) a liability :i* 9 any =eign language he has pa9fully to acquire4 ,! voices t murmur$ ar\nd 8 cradle1 ! voice ( 8 nurse1 ( 8 gov]ness1 ( ! p>son on ,sundays2 ! voices ( village boys1 /ablem51 gamekeep]s & f>m]s--fri5dly or unfri5dly--( call]s1 acqua9tances1 ( ! *ildr5 he met at ,*ildr5's ,p>ties2 ! voices t at ! d9n]-table p\r$ politics or local gossip into ! little pit*] ) long e>s--all ^! 7 ,engli% voices speak+ 9 ,engli%3 & all ^! 7 all ! :ile ins5sibly lead+ him up ! slope f ! summit ( :i* he c survey ! promis$ l& spread at 8 feet z a wide p>k2 & he holds ! key ( ! gates1 to ent] & take possession4 ,:]eas1' ! old in/ructors w\ld cont9ue1 ') ! classics ( any =eign language we take him at ! foot ( ! /eep asc5t1 spread a table be=e him 7m5sa1 m5sa1 m5sam 4447 & coax or drive him up ) v>iations ^u amo1 ,i love or ,greek3 tupto1 ,i beat1 until he1 too1 rea*es ! summit & beholds ! l&scape3 ,b ,o1 :at lab\r6 ,o ,pr9ce1 :at pa96' ,n[ s mu* ( tru?1 ,g5tlem51 z ?is plea conta9s 0 admitt$ la/ t]m by y\r ,s5ate1 9 sep>at+ ! ,engli% ,tripos1 9 :i* a c]ta9 l+ui/ic famili>ity may be n ra%ly presum$ ( ! /ud5t1 f ! ,=eign ,language ,triposes1 divid$ into two p>ts1 ( :i* ! fir/ w m suspici\sly te/ 8 capacity to con/rue ! books he pr(esses to h /udi$4 ,i may return to ?is & to ! alleg$ eas9ess ( /udies 9 a ,s*ool ( ,engli%4 ,let u proce$ j n[ ) ! reason$ plea = neglect4 ,^! admirable old s*oolma/]s & dons w\ld h hesitat$1 maybe1 to say flatly ) ,dogb]ry t 'to write & read comes by nature 444 & = y\r writ+ & read+1 let t appe> :5 !re is no ne$ ( su* vanity4' ,b 9 practice _! sy/em s work$1 & 9 "s ( ! ,public ,s*ools s works to ?is day4 ,let me tell y t j be=e ! w> an und]graduate came to me f ! ,six? ,=m ( "o ( ! be/ reput$ among ^! great s*ools4 ,he wi%$ to le>n to write4 ,he wi%$ 7poor fell[7 to write me an essay1 if ,i w\ld set him a subject4 ,he _h nev] writt5 an essay at s*ool4 ',inde$1' said ,i1 '& !re is no reason :y y %\ld1 if by essay y mean "s little treatise ab\t ,patriotism or ,a ,day 9 ! ,c\ntry4 ,i w *oose y no su* subject nor any o!r ^u any book :i* y h nev] read4 ,tell me1 :at is y\r ,tripos8' ,he said '! ,hi/ory ,tripos4' ',!n1' said ,i1 's9ce ,hi/ory provides q a l>ge numb] ( !mes1 *oose "o & ,i w try to correct y\r treatm5t ( x1 )\t (f5ce to y\r op9ions or prejudice to y\r facts4' ',b1' he confess$1 'at ,s-&-s'--nam+ ! great ,public ,s*ool--'we nev] wrote out an acc\nt ( any?+1 or set d[n our op9ions on any?+1 to be correct$4 ,we j con/ru$ & did sums3 ,& :5 he br\ght me 8 fir/ attempt1 behold1 x 0 s4 ,he c\ld n con/ruct a simple s5t5ce1 let alone putt+ two s5t5ces toge!r2 :ile1 z = a p>agraph1 x lay beyond 8 f>!/ horizon4 ,9 %ort1 "h 0 an in/ance ready to h& = any *eap writ] engag$ to decry ! old ,classical ,education4 ,:at w\ld ! old s*oolma/]s plead 9 excuse8 ,:y ?is1 z ,i sugge/--',y cite an extreme in/ance4 ,b1 :ile grant+ ,engli% ,lit]ature to be great1 we w\ld po9t out t an ov]:elm+ majority ( our be/ writ]s h modell$ _! prose & v]se ^u ! ,greek & ,roman classics1 ei!r directly or ?r\gh tradition4 ,n[ we h our own language gratis1 s to speak4 ,let u sp5d our pa9s1 !n1 9 acquir+ ,lat9 & ,greek1 & ! tradition4 ,s %all we mo/ intimately enjoy our own au?ors2 & s1 if we wi% to write1 we %all h at h& ! clues !y foll[$1 ! models !y us$4' ,n[ ,i h z y "k1 ,g5tlem51 a c]ta9 sympa?y ) ?is plea1 or ) a "p ( x3 nor c s mu* ( tru? z its argum5t conta9s be sil5c$ by a ',:at ab\t ,%akespe>e8' or a ',:at ab\t ,bunyan8' or a ',:at ab\t ,burns8' ,i believe our imag9>y plead] = ! ,classics c\ld put up a /\t def5ce ^u any ( ^? names4 ,to *oose ! =lorne/ hope ( ! ?ree1 ,i c he> him demon/rat+1 to 8 own satisfaction if n to y\rs1 t ,bunyan took 8 /yle /raight out ( ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion ( our ,bible2 :i* is to say t he took x f ! /yles ( =ty-sev5 s*ol>s1 plus ,tyndale's1 plus ,cov]dale's1 plus ,cranm]'s--! s*ol>%ip ( fifty s*ol>s express$ & bl5d$4 ,b1 z a !ory1 ! /rict classical argum5t gives itself away1 z well by its intol]ance z by its obvi\s di/ru/ ( ! g5ius ( our own wond]ful language4 ,i h 9 ^! five ye>s1 & f ?is place1 ,g5tlem51 c\nsell$ y to seek back ev] to ^? ,m$it]ranean s\rces :i* are ! well-heads ( our civilisation3 b always 7,i hope7 on ! und]/&+ t y use !m ) a l>ge lib]ty4 ,!y are effete = u unless we add & m+le freely ! juice ( our own natural g5ius4 ,& 9 practice ! /rict classical !ory1 ) its impli$ contempt ( ,engli%1 has be5 disa/r\s3 disa/r\s n only ) ! ord9>y man--z ) my ,six? ,=m boy :o c\ld n put two s5t5ces toge!r1 & _h read no ,engli% au?ors2 b disa/r\s ev5 to highly em95t s*ol>s4 ,li/51 pray1 to ?is passage f "o ( !m1 ,fr$]ick ,paley1 :o condesc5d$ 7,heav5 kn[s :y7 to turn ! maje/ic v]se ( ,p9d> into ,engli% ,prose-- ,f ! ,v,i,i,ith ,i/hmian3 ,& n[ t we are return$ f great sorr[s1 let u n fall into a de>? ( victories1 nor fo/] griefs2 b z we h ceas$ f our tiresome tr\bles1 we w publicly indulge 9 a sweet r\ndelay4 ,f ! ,i,vth ,py?ian3 ,x _h be5 div9ely pr$ict$ to ,pelias1 t he %\ld die by ! d\ghty sons ( ,aeolus & an al>m+ oracle _h come to 8 w>y m9d1 deliv]$ at ! c5tral po9t ( tree-clad "m-e>?1 't he mu/ by all means hold 9 great caution ! man ) "o %oe1 :5 he %all h come f a home/ead on ! hills4' ,& he accord+ly came 9 due "t1 arm$ ) two spe>s1 a magnific5t man4 ,! dress he wore 0 ( a d\ble k9d1 ! national co/ume ( ! ,magnesians4444 ,nor z yet _h ! glossy clu/]s ( 8 hair be5 clipp$ away1 b dangl$ brightly ad[n 8 back4 ,=w>d he w5t at once & took 8 /& among ! p4444 ,him !n !y fail$ to recognise3 b "s ( ! rev]5t-m9d$ w5t s f> z to say1 ',surely ?is _c be ,apollo6' ,x ne$s no comm5t1 ,i ?9k4 ,surely ?is _c be ,apollo6 ,fr$]ick ,paley fl\ri%$--if ! ^w be n exorbitant = s demure a writ]--9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury 7he 0 born 9 ! ye> ( ,wat]loo & di$ 9 ! ye> aft] ,que5 ,victoria's fir/ jubilee74 ,well1 9 t p]iod !re grew up a race ( pione]s :o saw t ,engli% ,lit]ature--t pr\d p>k & roll+ e/ate--lay a tangl$1 neglect$ wild]ness = its inh]itors1 & set !mselves bravely to cle> broad ways ?r\gh x4 ,furnivall & ,skeat1 ,aldis ,wright1 ,cl>k1 ,gros>t1 ,arb]1 ,e>le1 ,hales1 ,morris1 ,ellis & ! re/--:o c rehe>se ^! names n[ b 9 deepe/ respect8 ,oh1 believe me1 ,g5tlem56 !y 7 wond]ful fight]s 9 a cause t at fir/ seem$ hopeless4 ,if ,i presume to speak ( foibles to-day1 y w und]/& t ,i d s because1 lightly ?\gh ,i may talk to y at times1 ,i h a real s5se ( ! responsibilities ( ?is ,*air4 ,i wor%ip great le>n+1 :i* !y _h3 ,i loa! flippant detraction ( :at is great2 ,i h usually a he>t = m5-aga9/-odds & ! unpopul> cause4 ,b ^! v valiant fight]s _h1 "o & all1 "s v obvi\s foibles3 & because1 9 ! h\r ( success1 ^! foibles came to infect ! :ole tea*+ ( ,engli% 9 ?is c\ntry1 & to infect x fatally = _m ye>s1 ,i %all d>e to po9t !m out4 ,,vi 7a7 ,to beg9 )1 !n1 ^! valiant fight]s1 int5t on pu%+ _! cause to ! front1 kept no s5se ( proportion4 ,all _! geese 7 swans1 & ,be[ulf a second ,iliad4 ,i ?9k x sc>cely too mu* to say t1 ( ^! m51 all s /aun* 9 fight+ = ! claims ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 n "o 7) ! exception ( ,dr ,hales7 appe>s to h _h any critical judgm5t :atev]1 ap>t f ! rhyme1 v]se & inflectional te/s on :i* !y be/[$ _! truly priceless indu/ry4 ,criticism1 z ,sa9te-,beuve1 ,mat!w ,arnold or ,pat] und]/ood & practis$ x1 !y m]ely mispriz$4 7b7 ,i ?9k x 0 ( true s*ol>ly desire to v9dicate ,engli% ,lit]ature f ! *>ge ( be+ 'too easy1' t--z _! /udies advanc$--!y laid m & m /ress on ,middle-,engli% & ,old ,engli% writ+s ?an on :at our nations ( ,engl& & ,scotl& h writt5 s9ce !y le>n$ to write4 ,i d>e to ?9k also t we may attribute to ?is dread ( 'eas9ess' _! practice ( cumb]+ simple texts ) philological notes2 on :i*1 r ?an on ! text1 we unhappy /ud5ts 7 c>efully exam9$4 ,= an example suppli$ to ,dr ,corson--,i take ^? ?ree l9es ( ,c[p]'s ,task 7,bk ,i1 #hf-hh73 ,?us fir/ necessity inv5t$ /ools1 ,conv5i5ce next sugge/$ elb[-*airs1 ,& luxury ?' accompli%'d ,,s(a la/4 ,n[ 9 ^! ?ree l9es ! ^w 'accompli%'d' is ! only "o t ne$s ev5 ! smalle/ explanation4 ',b1' says ,dr ,corson1 '9 two diff]5t editions ( ,! ,task 9 my libr>y1 prep>$ = ! use ( ! "y1 no explanation is giv5 ( x1 b 9 bo? ! ,arabic orig9 ( 's(a' is giv54 ,9 "o ! "q is ask$ :at o!r words 9 ,engli% h be5 d]iv$ f ! ,arabic4' 7',abracadabra' w\ld be my little contribution47 7c7 ,^! valiant fight]s--hav+ to extol :at ,europe _h1 wrongly en\gh1 =gott5 to c\nt among valuable ?+s--turn$ aggressively prov9cial1 p>t$ _! be>ds 9 ! ,anglo-,saxon fa%ion2 compos$ long s5t5ces pa9fully innoc5t ( any ^w n d]ivable f ,anglo-,saxon1 s5t5ces 9 :i* ! 'imp5etrability ( matt]' became ! 'un-g-?r\ghsom5ess ( /uff 7b t may h happ5$ 9 a p>ody71 & 9 g5]al comport$ !mselves l ! ,anglo-,saxons !y claim$ = _! =be>s2 rightly en\gh = any?+ anyone c>$1 b wrongly en\gh = ! re/ ( u :o _h no ye>n+ t[>d t k9%ip & w5t on spell+ ,alfr$ ) an ,a4 7d7 ,!y 7--,i suppose ?r\gh opposition--extremely irascible m52 l f>m]s4 ,urbanity 0 ! la/ note 9 _! gamut1 ! ,city--urbs quam dicunt ,romam--! la/ ( places 9 _! k54 ,!re 0 no engag+ !m 9 dialectic1 an ,a!nian art :i* !y frankly despis$4 ,if y happ5$ to disagree ) !m1 _! answ] 0 a /urdy ,anglo-,saxon brick4 ,if y politely ask$ y\r way to ,puddlehampton1 & to be direct$ to ,puddlehampton's ma9 objects ( int]e/1 ! answ] y w\ld get 7see ,notes & ,qu]ies passim7 w\ld be1 ',:o is ?is t comes out ( ,n[h]e1 enquir+ = ,puddlehampton1 unacqua9t$ ) ,/ubbs8 ,is x possible at ?is "t ( day t ! _w c conta9 anyone ignorant ( ! publi%$ ,transactions ( ! ,wilt%ire ,walk+ ,club1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #aei--,puddlehampton1 its ,rise & ,decl9e1 ) a note on ,vespasian8' 7e7 ,^! pione]s--pu%+ ! importance ( ,engli%1 b occupi$ m & m ) orig9s & ) bad au?ors1 simply c\ld n see ! vital tru?2 t ,engli% ,lit]ature is a cont9u+ ?+1 t5 times m alive to-day ?an x 0 9 ! times !y /udi$ & belaud$4 ,! la/ ^w ^u !m is t n a man ( !m c\ld write prose 9 ! language !y ?ru/ on our /udy4 ,to !m1 f> m ?an to ! old classical s*ol>s1 ,engli% 0 a %ut book3 a l>ge book1 b clos$ & clasp$1 mat]ial to height5 a desk = s*oolma/]s & s*oolmi/resses4 ,b s*oolma/]s & s*oolmi/resses1 l *ick5s & curses1 come home to roo/4 ,once set up y\r plea = a ,tripos ( ,engli% ,language & ,lit]ature on ! l[] plea t x w provide = :at !y call a 'felt want1' & soon] or lat] y give ,engli% ,language & ,lit]ature into _! h&s1 & !n y get ! fallacy full-fl[]$ into a conv5tion4 ,engli% ,lit]ature h5ce=? is a 'subject1' divorc$ f life3 & :at !y h made ( x1 let a ?\s& h&books & s-call$ hi/ories atte/4 ,b ?is _w is n a wild]ness ( class-rooms4 ,engli% ,language8 ,!y _c write x1 at all ev5ts4 ,!y d n 7s f> z ,i c discov]7 try to write x4 ,!y talk & write ab\t x2 h[ ! poor deceas$ ?+ outgrew infantile ailm5ts1 h[ x 0 op]at$ on = umlaut1 h[ x p>t$ ) its v]mi=m app5dix & its inflexions "o by "o1 & lo/ its v[el end+s 9 mut$ e's4 ,& !y w5t & told ! sexton1 ,& ! sexton toll'd ! bell4 ,b :5 x comes to writ+2 to keep+ bright ! noble weapon ( ,engli%1 te/+ its poise & edge1 feel+ ! grip1 h&+ x to _! pupils ) ! ^w1 ',"h is ! sword ( y\r fa!rs1 t has clov5 dragons4 ,s use x1 t we :o h kept x bright may be pr\d ( y1 & ( our pa9s1 & ( its cont9u+ valiance'3--:y1 z ,i say1 !y d n ev5 try4 ,our unpr(essional =efa!rs1 :5 !y put p5 to pap]1 did attempt ,engli% prose1 & n seldom a*iev$ x4 ,b take up any elaborate ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature & read1 &1 z y read1 ask y\rselves1 ',h[ c "o ( ! r>e/ delights ( life be conv]t$ into ?is8 ,:at has happ5$ to m]ry ,*auc]1 r>e ,b5 ,jonson1 gay ,/eele & ,prior1 to ,goldsmi?1 ,jane ,au/51 ,*>les ,lamb8' ,all1 all are gone1 ! old famili> faces6 gone into ! pr(essional /ock-pot6 ,& ! next news is t ^! cooks1 ( :om ,*auc] wrote prophetically ,?ise cookes1 h[ !y /ampe1 & /reyne1 & grynde1 ,& turn5 sub/aunce into accid5t6 h =m$ !mselves into pr(essional ,associations to protect '! /udy ( ! subject ( ,engli% ,lit]ature' & b>k (f any intrud] :o w\ld tea* 9 ano!r way ?an !irs4 ,,vii ,b ,i say to y t ,lit]ature is n1 & %\ld n be1 ! pres]ve ( any prie/hood4 ,to write ,engli%1 s z to make ,lit]ature1 may be h>d4 ,b ,engli% ,lit]ature is n a my/]y1 n a ,pr(essors' ,kit*54 ,& ! tr\ble lies1 n 9 ! h>m pr(essionis+ does to s*oolma/]s & s*oolmi/resses1 b 9 ! h>m x does '9 wide/ commonalty spread' among m5 & wom5 :o1 z ,lit]ature 0 writt5 = !m1 address$ to !m1 ought to f9d 9 x1 all _! lives ?r\gh1 a retirem5t f mean occupations1 a well ( refre%m5t1 su/a9m5t 9 ! daily drudg]y ( life1 solace 9 calamity1 an inmate by ! he>?1 ev] sociable1 nev] intrusive--to be s\ght & f\nd1 to be f\nd & dropp$ at w3 ,m51 :5 _! affairs require1 ,mu/ !mselves at :iles retire2 ,sometimes hunt1 & sometimes hawk1 ,& n ev] sit & talk-- to be dropp$ at w & left )\t any answ]+ gr[l ( moros5ess2 to be consult$ aga9 at w & f\nd fri5dly4 ,= ?is is ! tr\ble ( pr(essionis+ ,lit]ature4 ,we exile x f ! bus9ess ( life1 9 :i* x w\ld ev] be at our %\ld]1 to befri5d u4 ,li/51 = example1 to an extract f a lett] writt51 a c\ple ( weeks ago1 by somebody 9 ! ,*>ity ,commission3 ,sir1 ,) ref]5ce to previ\s correspond5ce 9 ?is matt]1 ,i am to say t 9 all ! circum/ances ( ?is case ! ,commission]s are ( ! op9ion t x w\ld be desirable t a public enquiry 9 connection ) ! ,*>ity %\ld be held 9 ! locality4 ,& ! man--v likely an educat$ man--hav+ writt5 t1 v likely w5t home & read ,*auc]1 ,dante1 or ,%akespe>e1 or ,burke = pleasure6 ,t is :at happ5s :5 y treat lit]ature z a 'subject1' sep>able f life & daily practice4 ,,viii ,i decl>e to y t ,lit]ature 0 n writt5 = s*oolma/]s1 nor = s*oolmi/resses4 ,i w\ld n ex*ange x = a wild]ness ( s*oolma/]s4 ,x %\ld be deliv]$ f !m1 :o1 ) _! silly ,ablauts & 't5d5cies1' c !mselves nei!r read nor write4 ,= ! pro(8 ,hav+ ! _w's qu9tess5tial /ore ( mir? & %>p sorr[1 wit1 hum\r1 com=t1 f>ce1 com$y1 trag$y1 satire2 ! glories ( our bir? & /ate1 pil$ all at _! elb[s1 only "o man ( ! cr[d--& he ,m4 ,juss]&1 a ,fr5*man--has contriv$ to draw out ( ! mass "o int]e/+ well-writt5 hi/ory ( ! 'subject4' ,,ix ,is !re1 !n1 no bett] way8 ,yes !re is a bett] way3 = ! ,fr5* h x1 ) _! language & lit]ature4 ,9 ,france1 z ,mat!w ,arnold not$1 a g5]ation ago1 ! ord9>y j\rney-man "w ( lit]ature is done f> bett] & m consci5ti\sly ?an ) u4 ,9 ,france a man feels x almo/ a p]sonal /a91 an unpatriotic l*e1 to write ev5 on a police-ord] any?+ s d]ogatory to ! tradition ( 8 language z our ,cab9et ,m9i/]s read out z answ]s to our ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,i am told t _m a ,maire 9 a small prov9cial t[n 9 ,n4,e4 ,france1 ev5 :5 ov]:elm$--accabl--) ! suff]+s ( 8 t[n-folk1 has truly felt ! iron ent] into 8 s\l on be+ =c$ to sign a docum5t writt5 out = him 9 ! invad]s' ,fr5*4 ,_c we treat our noble inh]itance ( lit]ature & language z scrupul\sly1 & ) z high a s5se ( _! app]ta9+ to our national hon\r1 z a ,fr5*man *]i%es 8 language1 8 lit]ature8 ,_c we /udy to leave our inh]itance---z ! old ,a!nian put x temp]ately1 'n worse b a little bett] ?an we f\nd x'8 ,i ?9k we c1 & %\ld4 ,i %all close to-day1 ,g5tlem51 ) ! mo/ mode/ ( p]orations4 ,9 my fir/ lecture be=e y1 9 ,janu>y #aiac1 ,i quot$ to y ! arti/ 9 ,don ,quixote :o1 be+ ask$ :at animal he 0 pa9t+1 answ]$ diffid5tly ',t is z x may turn out4' ,! tea*+ ( our language & lit]ature is1 aft] all1 a new ?+ & /ill exp]im5tal4 ,! ma9 t5ets ( ^? :o1 aw>e ( ?is1 h work$ on ! s*eme = a ,s*ool ( ,engli% 9 ,cambridge1 ! s*eme rec5tly pass$ by y\r ,s5ate & h5ce=? to be 9 op]ation1 are ?ree3-- ,! fir/4 ,t lit]ature _c be divorc$ f life3 t 7= example7 y _c und]/& ,*auc] aright1 unless y h ! backgr\nd1 unless y "k ! k9d ( m5 = :om ,*auc] wrote & ! k9d ( m5 :om he made speak2 t is ! national side ) :i* all our lit]ature is conc]n$4 ,! second4 ,lit]ature be+ s p]sonal a ?+1 y _c und]/& x until y h "s p]sonal "u-/&+ ( ! m5 :o wrote x4 ,donne is ,donne2 ,swift1 ,swift2 ,pope1 ,pope2 ,johnson1 ,johnson2 ,goldsmi?1 ,goldsmi?2 ,*>les ,lamb1 ,*>les ,lamb2 ,c>lyle1 ,c>lyle4 ,until y h grasp$ ^? m51 z m51 y _c grasp _! writ+s4 ,t is ! p]sonal side ( lit]>y /udy1 & z necess>y z ! o!r4 ,! ?ird4 ,t ! writ+ & speak+ ( ,engli% is a liv+ art1 to be practis$ & 7if x may be7 improv$4 ,t :at ^! great m5 h done is to h& u a gr& patrimony2 t !y liv$ to support u ?r\gh ! trial we are n[ endur+1 & to c>ry u ?r\gh to great days to come4 ,s %all our sons1 n[ fight+ 9 ,france1 h a language ready = ! l& !y %all recreate & repeople4 ,footnote #a3 ,donne's ,s]mon ,,ii prea*$ at ,pauls ^u ,*ri/mas ,day1 9 ! ,ev5+4 #afbd4 ,,lecture ,,vii ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,greek ,,& ,,lat9 ,,9 ,,engli% ,,lit]ature ,,w$nesday1 ,,febru>y #f1 #aiah ,i ,i h promis$ y1 ,g5tlem51 = to-day "s obs]vations on ,! ,value ( ,greek & ,lat9 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature3 a mild1 academic title1 a cam\flage title1 s to say2 calculat$ to %elt] u = a :ile f ! vigilance ( ^? hot-ey$ re=m]s :o1 _h ,i adv]tis$ ,! ,value ( ,greek & ,lat9 9 ,engli% ,life might ev5 n[ be swoop+ f all qu>t]s ( ! sky on a sugge/ion t ^! dry bones yet 7 fle%3 = ! eyes ,i dread are n only r$ & angry1 b naturally microscopic--& t inde$1 if !y only knew x1 is _! malady4 ,yet 'surely' groan$ pati5t job1 '!re is a pa? :i* ! vulture's eye ha? n se56' ,y1 at any rate1 "k by ?is "t t :]ev] ^! lectures ass]t lit]ature !y ass]t life1 p]haps ev5 too passionately1 all[+ nei!r ! fact ( dea? nor ! possibility ( divorce4 ,,ii ,b let u beg9 ) ! fir/ ^w1 ',value'--',! ,value ( ,greek & ,lat9 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature4' ,:at d ,i mean by ',value'8 ,well1 ,i use x1 g5]ally1 9 ! s5se ( 'wor?'2 b ) a p>ticul> mean+1 or %ade ( mean+1 too4 ,&1 ?is p>ticul> mean+ is n ! p>ticul> mean+ int5d$ 7z ,i suppose7 by m5 ( comm]ce :o1 on news ( a fri5d's dea?1 fall a-mus+ & cont9ue mus+ until ! fire k9dles1 & !y ask ',:at did ,s-&-s die wor?8' or sometimes1 m wisely ?an !y "k1 ',:at did poor old ,s-&-s die wor?8' or aga91 m colloquially1 ',:at did ,s-&-s cut up =8' ,nei!r is x t :i* m dis9t]e/$ economi/s us$ to tea*2 m5 nev] 7,i fe> me7 lov$1 b anyh[ lo/ a:ile1 :o = my gre5 unkn[+ y\?1 at ,!bes or ,a!ns--gr[+ old] ,i t5d to =get :i* is1 or 01 :i*--def9$ ! ,value ( a ?+ z its 'pur*as+ p[]' :i* ! m>ket translates into 'price4' ,=--to borr[ a phrase :i* ,i happ5$ on1 ! o!r day1 ) delight1 9 ! ,introduction to a translation ( ,lucian--!re may be =ms ( education less pay+ ?an ! comm]cial & yet bett] wor? pay+ =2 nay1 above paym5t or computation 9 price#a4 ,no3 ! p>ticul> mean+ ,i use to-day is t :i* arti/s use :5 !y talk ( pa9t+ or ( music4 ,to see ?+s1 ne> or f>1 9 _! true p]spective & proportions2 to judge !m ?r\gh di/ance2 & fet*+ !m back1 to reproduce !m 9 art s proportion$ comp>atively1 s rightly adju/$1 t !y comb9e to make a p>ticul> & j p]spective3 t is to give ?+s _! true ,values4 ,suppose y\rself recl9+ on a bank on a cle> day1 look+ up into ! sky & wat*+ ! asc5t ( a skyl>k :ile y li/5 to 8 song4 ,t is a po/ure 9 :i* sev]al poets ( repute h plac$ !mselves f "t to "t3 s we ne$ n be a%am$ ( x4 ,well1 y see ! atmosph]e rea*+ up & up1 mile ^u mile4 ,!re are no mile/ones plant$ !re4 ,b1 wave on wave p]ceptible1 ! atmosph]e /ret*es up ?r\gh indet]m9ate di/ances2 & accord+ z y\r pa9t] ( ! sky c translate ^! di/ances1 he gives 8 sky :at is call$ ,value4 ,y li/5 to ! skyl>k's note ris+1 spiral by spiral1 on '! v jet ( e>?'3 ,z up he w+s ! spiral /air1 ,a song ( light1 & pi]ces air ,) f\nta9 ard\r1 f\nta9 play1 ,to rea* ! %9+ tops ( day3 & y long = ! musical gift to foll[ up & up ! delicate degrees ( di/ance & ?read ! notes back z ! bird asc5d+ drops !m--on a ?read1 z x 71 ( graduat$ beads1 half music & half dew3 ,t 0 ! *irp ( ,ariel ,y he>d1 z ov]head x flew1 ,! f>!r go+ m to dwell ,& w+ our gre5 to w$ our blue2 ,b :e!r note ( joy1 or knell1 ,n 8 own ,fa!r-s+] knew2 ,nor yet c any mortal tell1 ,save only h[ x %iv]s ?r\gh2 ,! brea/ ( u a s\nd$ %ell1 ,! blood ( u a light$ dew4 ,well 9 music1 9 pa9t+1 ?is graduat+ :i* gives "r proportion &1 ) proportion1 a s5se ( di/ance1 ( atmosph]e1 is call$ ,value4 ,let u1 = a m9ute or two1 assay ?is p>ticul> mean+ ( ,value ^u life & lit]ature1 & fir/ ^u life1 or1 r ^u "o n negligible facet ( life4 ,i suppose t if an ord9>y man ( my age 7 ask$ :i* has bett] help$ him to be> ! burs ( life--religion or a s5se ( hum\r--he w\ld1 7 he q hone/1 be gravell$ = an answ]4 ,n[ ! be/ "p ( a s5se ( hum\r1 z y "k )\t my tell+ y1 consi/s 9 a s5se ( proportion2 a habit1 abid+ & prompt at comm&1 ( see+ all human1 affairs 9 _! j p]spective1 s t its happy possessor at once p]ceives any?+ odd or di/ort$ or ov]bl[n to be an excresc5ce1 a protub]ance1 a swell+1 lit]ally a hum\r3 & ! function ( ,?alia1 ! ,comic ,_s1 z y may read 9 ,m]$i?'s ,essay on ,com$y1 is j to prick ^! hum\rs4 ,i w b ref] y to ,m]$i?'s ,essay1 & "h cite y ! words ( an old s*oolma/]3 ,x w\ld seem to be *>act]i/ic ( ! same m9d to appreciate ! beauty ( ideas 9 j proportion & h>moni\s relation to ea* o!r1 & ! absurdity ( ! same ideas :5 di/ort$ or br\ght into incongru\s juxtaposition4 ,! ex]cise ( ?is s5se ( hum\r 444 compels ! m9d to =m a picture to itself1 accompani$ by pleasurable emotion2 & :at is ?is b sett+ ! imag9ation to "w1 ?\gh 9 topsy-turvy fa%ion8 ,nay1 9 su* a case1 imag9ation plays a d\ble "p1 s9ce x is only by in/antane\s comp>ison ) ideal fitness & proportion t x c grasp at full =ce ! grotesqu5ess ( _! contr>ies#b4 ,let u play ) an example = "o mom5t4 ,a *ild sees su* an excresc5ce1 su* an (f5ce ^u proportion1 9 an immod]ately long nose4 ,he is apt to call att5tion to x on ! visage ( a visitor3 x intrigues him 9 ,p]rault's ',pr9ce ,*>m+' & _m a fairy tale3 x amuses him 9 ,le>'s ,book ( ,nons5se3 ,!re 0 an old man ) a ,nose1 ,:o said ',if y *oose to suppose ,t my nose is too long ,y are c]ta9ly wrong'-- ,?is old man he detects z lack+ s5se ( proportion1 s5se ( hum\r4 ,pass f ! *ild to ! work+-man z we "k him4 ,a few weeks ago1 a lady--featur$1 z to nose1 on ! side ( excess--0 address+ a ,nor? ,c\ntry audi5ce on ! ,economic ,position ( ,wom5 aft] ! ,w>4 ,said %e1 ',!re won't be m5 to g r\nd4' ,said a voice ',eh1 b !y'll h to1 ,miss6' ,pass f ?is rudim5t>y criticism to high tal5t employ$ on ! same subject1 & y get ,cyrano de ,b]g]ac4 ,pass to g5ius1 to ,milton1 & y f9d ! elephant amus+ ,adam & ,eve 9 ,p>adise1 & do+ 8 be/3 ! unwieldy elephant1 ,to make !m mir?1 us$ all 8 might1 & wrea!d ,8 li! proboscis4 ,milton1 l ! elephant1 jokes ) difficulty1 b he1 too1 is us+ all 8 might4 ,i h illu/rat$1 crudely en\gh1 h[ a s5se ( ?+s 9 _! "r values w help u on "o side ( our deal+s ) life4 ,b truly x helps u on e side4 ,?is 0 :at ,plato meant :5 he said t a philosoph] mu/ see ?+s z !y relatively are )9 8 horizon--,greek3 o synoptikos dialektikos4 ,& = ?is x 0 t an ,engli% poet prais$ ,sophocles z "o ,:o saw life /eadily1 & saw x :ole4 ,& ?is ( c\rse is :at ,dean ,+e meant :51 ! o!r day1 9 a volume ( ,cambridge ,essays on ,education1 he rem9d$ u1 = a s5sible commonplace1 t ',! wise man is he :o kn[s ! relative values ( ?+s4' ,,iv ,apply+ ?is to lit]ature1 ,i note1 b %all n insi/ "h on ! fact--?\gh fact x is--t ! ,greek & ,roman 'classical' writ]s 7z we call !m7 laid m /ress ?an has ev] be5 laid among ! subsequ5t tribes ( m5 ^u ! desirability ( gett+ all ?+s into proportion1 ( see+ all life on a scale ( relative values4 ,& ! reason ,i %all n insi/ on ?is is simply t bett] m5 h sav$ me ! tr\ble4 ,i propose ?is morn+ to discuss ! value ( ! classics to /ud5ts ( ,engli% lit]ature f1 z ! mod]n phrase goes1 a slightly diff]5t angle4 ,recl9+ & look+ up into t sky :i* is n too gr&iose an image = our own ,engli% ,lit]ature1 y w\ld c]ta9ly n wi%1 ,g5tlem51 to see x z :at x is n--z a clo? pa9t$ on ! flat4 ,no m ?an y w\ld *oose ! sky ov]>*+ y\r life to be a close1 h>d1 copp] vault1 w\ld y *oose ?is lit]ature ( ours to resemble su* a prison4 ,i say no?+1 = ! mom5t1 ( ! ?rill ( comp>+ ours ) o!r con/ellations--( su* a ?rill z ,blanco ,:ite's fam\s sonnet imag9es 9 ,adam's s\l :5 ! fir/ night desc5d$ on ,ed5 & ,hesp]us ) ! ho/ ( heav5 came1 ,& lo6 ,creation wid5'd 9 man's view4 ,:o c\ld h ?\ght su* d>kness lay conceal'd ,)9 ?y beams1 ,o sun6444 ,no3 ,i simply picture y z desir+ to realise our own lit]ature1 its dep?s & values1 mile above mile deep] & deep] %9+1 ) p]*ance a glimpse ( a city cele/ial beyond1 or at :iles1 on a ladd] ( values1 ( ! angels--! mess5g]s--climb+ & return+4 ,v ,well1 n[1 ,i put x to y t )\t m5tal bre$+1 )\t at lea/ "s s5se ( ance/ry1 an ,engli%man c h>dly h ?is p]ception ( value1 ?is vision4 ,i put to y :at ,i posit$ 9 an e>li] c\rse ( lectures1 quot+ ,bagehot1 t :ile a k ( ,greek & ,lat9 is n necess>y to a writ] ( ,engli%1 he %\ld at lea/ h a firm conviction t ^? two languages exi/$4 ,i ref] y to a long passage :i*1 9 "o ( ^? lectures1 ,i quot$ f ,c>d9al ,newman to ! effect t = ! la/ #cjjj ye>s ! ,we/]n ,_w has be5 evolv+ a human society1 hav+ its bond 9 a common civilisation--a society to :i* 7let me add1 by way ( footnote7 ,prussia today is firmly1 ?\gh ) great difficulty1 be+ tam$4 ,!re are1 & h be51 o!r civilisations 9 ! _w --! ,*9ese1 = in/ance2 a huge civilisation1 /ation>y1 morose1 to u unattractive2 'b ?is civilisation1' says ,newman1 'toge!r ) ! society :i* is its creation & its home1 is s di/9ctive & lum9\s 9 its "*1 s imp]ial 9 its ext5t1 s impos+ 9 its duration1 & s utt]ly )\t rival ^u ! face ( ! e>?1 t ! association may fitly assume = itself ! title ( ,human ,society1 & its civilisation ! ab/ract t]m ,civilisation4' ,he goes on3 ,look+1 !n1 at ! c\ntries :i* surr\nd ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea z a :ole1 ,i see !m to be1 f "t immemorial1 ! seat ( an association ( intellect & m9d su* z des]ves to be call$ ! ,intellect & ,m9d ( ! ,human ,k9d4 ,b ,i mu/ ref] y to 8 fam\s book ,! ,idea ( a ,univ]sity to read at l5g? h[ ,newman1 9 t s9u\s1 s9ewy1 ,platonic /yle ( 81 works x out--! spread1 ?r\gh ,rome1 ev5 to our %ores1 ( ! civilisation :i* began 9 ,pale/9e & ,greece4 ,,vi ,i w\ld press ! po9t m rudely ^u y1 & m p>ticul>ly1 ?an does ,newman4 ,& fir/1 = ,lat9-- ,i waive t ,rome occupi$ & dom9at$ ?is isl& dur+ #djj ye>s4 ,let t be z ?\gh x _h nev] be54 ,= a fur!r #ajjj ye>s & m ,lat9 rema9$ ! common spee* ( educat$ m5 ?r\gh\t ,europe3 ! ',univ]sal ,language4' ,greek _h be5 smo!r$ by ! ,turk4 ,?r\gh all t "t--?r\gh ! mo/ ( :at we call ,mod]n ,hi/ory1 ,lat9 reign$ ev]y:]e4 ,is ?is a fact to be ignor$ by any ( y :o w\ld value 'values'8 ,"h are a few p>ticul>s1 by way ( illu/ration4 ,m wrote 8 ,utopia1 ,bacon wrote all ! bulk ( 8 philosophical "w1 9 ,lat92 ,newton wrote 8 ,pr9cipia 9 ,lat94 ,keble's ,lectures on ,poetry 7if _! wor? & ! "n ( ,keble may toge!r save me f ba?os7 7 deliv]$ 9 ,lat94 ,our ,vice-,*ancellor1 our ,public ,orator /ill talk ,lat91 secur+ = x :at att5tion !y c3 nor h ,! bigots ( ?is iron "t ,yet call'd _! h>mless art a crime4 ,b !re is a bett] reason :y y %\ld endeav\r to und]/& ! value ( ,lat9 9 our lit]ature2 a filial reason4 ,our fa!rs built _! great ,engli% prose1 z !y built _! oratory1 ^u ! ,lat9 model4 ,donne us$ x to con/ruct 8 mighty fugues3 ,burke to discipl9e 8 luxuriance4 ,says ,c[p]1 x 7 ,praise en\gh = any private man1 ,t ,*a?am's language 0 8 "m tongue1 ,& ,wolfe's great "n compatriot ) 8 own4 ,well !n1 "h is a specim5 ( ,*a?am's language3 f 8 spee*1 ,romanly sev]e1 d5\nc+ ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! day = employ+ ,r$ ,indians 9 ! ,am]ican ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,he is address+ ! ,h\se ( ,lords3 ,i call ^u t "r rev]5d b5*1 ^? holy m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 & pi\s pa/ors ( our ,*ur*--,i conjure !m to jo9 9 ! holy "w1 & v9dicate ! religion ( _! ,god4 ,i appeal to ! wisdom & ! law ( ?is le>n$ b5* to def5d & support ! ju/ice ( _! c\ntry4 ,i call ^u ! bi%ops to int]pose ! unsulli$ sanctity ( _! lawn2 ^u ! le>n$ judges to int]pose ! purity ( _! erm9e1 to save u f ?is pollution4 ,i call ^u ! hon\r ( y\r lord%ips to rev]5ce ! dignity ( y\r ance/ors1 & to ma9ta9 y\r own4 ,i call ^u ! _s & humanity ( my c\ntry to v9dicate ! national "*4 ,i invoke ! g5ius ( ! ,con/itution4 ,f ! tape/ry t adorns ^! walls ! immortal ance/or ( ?is noble "l ,"l ,suffolk fr[ns ) indignation at ! disgrace ( 8 c\ntry4 ,9 va9 he l$ y\r victori\s fleet3 aga9/ ! boa/$ ,armada ( ,spa92 9 va9 he def5d$ & e/abli%$ ! hon\r1 ! lib]ties1 ! religion--! ,prote/ant religion--( ?is c\ntry1 aga9/ ! arbitr>y cruelties ( ,pop]y & ! ,inquisition1 if ^! m ?an ,popi% cruelties & inquisitorial practices are let loose among u--to turn =? into our settlem5ts1 among our anci5t connexions1 fri5ds1 & relations1 ! m]ciless cannibal1 ?ir/+ = ! blood ( man1 woman1 & *ild6 to s5d =? ! infidel savage---aga9/ :om8 aga9/ y\r ,prote/ant bre?r52 to lay wa/e _! c\ntry1 to desolate _! dwell+s1 & extirpate _! race & "n1 ) ^! horrible hell-h\nds ( savage w>6--hell-h\nds1 ,i say1 ( savage w>6 ,spa9 arm$ h]self ) blood-h\nds to extirpate ! wret*$ natives ( ,am]ica1 & we improve on ! inhuman example ev5 ( ,spani% cruelty2 we turn loose ^! savage hell-h\nds aga9/ our bre?r5 & c\ntrym5 9 ,am]ica1 ( ! same language1 laws1 lib]ties1 & religion1 ende>$ to u by e tie t %\ld sanctify humanity4444 ,my lords1 ,i am old & weak1 & at pres5t unable to say m2 b my feel+s & indignation 7 too /rong to h said less4 ,i c\ld n h slept ?is night 9 my b$1 nor repos$ my head on my pill[1 )\t giv+ ?is v5t to my et]nal abhorr5ce ( su* prepo/]\s & enorm\s pr9ciples4 ,t 0 ,*a?am4 ,= ,wolfe--he1 z y "k1 0 ev] read+ ! classics ev5 on campaign3 z ,burke aga9 c>ri$ always a ,virgil 9 8 pocket4 ,abeunt /udia 9 mores4 ,moreov] c we sep>ate ,*a?am's ,roman morality f ,*a?am's language 9 ! passage ,i h j read8 ,no3 we _c4 ,no "o1 be+ evil1 c speak good ?+s ) t weight2 '= out ( ! abundance ( ! he>t ! m\? speake?4' ,we ,engli% 7says ,wordswor?7 ,we mu/ be free or die1 :o speak ! tongue ,t ,%akespe>e spake4444 ,y may criticise ,*a?am's /yle z too consci\sly ,cic]onian4 ,b has ev] a ,p>liam5t>y /yle be5 inv5t$ :i* conveys a nobl] gravity ( emotion8 ,busk9$'8--yes3 b ! /yle ( a man4 ',mann]$'8--yes1 b 9 ! gr& mann]4 ',consci\s'8-- yes1 b ( :at8 ,consci\s ( ! dignity a great man owes to himself1 & to ! assembly he addresses4 ,he conceives t assembly z '! ,briti% ,s5ate'2 &1 assum+1 he communicates t high conception4 ,! ,lords feel t !y are li/5+ z ,s5ators1 s9ce x is only ?us a ,s5ate %\ld be address$1 z no?+ less ?an a ,s5ate %\ld be address$ ?us4 ,let me read y a second passage2 ( writt5 prose3 ,laodameia di$2 ,hel5 di$2 ,l$a1 ! belov$ ( ,jupit]1 w5t be=e4 ,x is bett] to repose 9 ! e>? betimes ?an to sit up late2 bett]1 ?an to cl+ p]t9aci\sly to :at we feel crumbl+ "u u1 & to protract an inevitable fall4 ,we may enjoy ! pres5t :ile we are ins5sible ( infirmity & decay3 b ! pres5t1 l a note 9 music1 is no?+ b z x app]ta9s to :at is pa/ & :at is to come4 ,!re are no fields ( am>an? on ?is aide ( ! grave2 !re are no voices1 ,o ,rhodop6 t are n soon mute1 h[ev] tuneful2 !re is no "n1 ) :atev] emphasis ( passionate love repeat$1 ( :i* ! e*o is n fa9t at la/#c4 ,lat9--all ,lat9--d[n to its exquisite fall+ close6 ,& ,i say to y1 ,g5tlem51 t passages su* z ^! des]ve :at ,j\b]t claim$ ( national monum5ts1 ,ce sont les crampons qui uniss5t une gnration une autre4 ,cons]vez ce qu'ont vu vos pres1 ',^! are ! clamps t knit "o g5]ation to ano!r4 ,*]i% ^? ?+s on :i* y\r fa!rs' eyes h look$4' ,abeunt /udia 9 mores4 ,if1 ye>s ago1 !re _h lack$ any?+ to %>p5 my suspicion ( ^? =k-be>d$ pr(essors :o d]iv$ our prose f ! /ucco ( ,anglo-,saxon prose1 x w\ld h be5 _! fooli% delib]ate practice ( compos+ :ole pages ( ,engli% prose )\t us+ "o ^w d]ivative f ,lat9 or ,greek4 ,esau1 :5 he sold 8 bir?right1 _h ! excuse ( be+ fami%$4 ,^! p$ants1 ) a full bo>d1 s\ght fr5etically to give x away-- bo>d & bir?right4 ',s :5 ?is corruptible %all h put on incorruption1 & ?is mortal %all h put on immortality' --almo/1 ,i say1 ^! m5 _h des]v$ to h a k9d ( spee* m to _! ta/e read ov] _! c(f9s4 ,,vii ,:at1 9 ! next place1 c ,i say ( ,greek1 save t1 z ,lat9 gave our fa!rs ! model ( prose1 ,greek 0 ! s\rce ( x all1 ! goddess & g5ius ( ! well-head8 ,&1 ca/+ ab\t to illu/rate1 z well z may be1 :at ,i mean by ?is1 ,i hit on a m9or dialogue ( ,plato1 ! ,pha$rus1 & *oose y a %ort passage 9 ,edw>d ,fitz,gerald's r5d]+3 ,:5 ,socrates & ,pha$rus h disc\rs$ away ! noon-day "u ! plane trees by ! ,ilissus1 !y rise to dep>t t[>d ! city4 ,b ,socrates 7po9t+ p]haps to "s images ( ,pan & o!r sylvan deities7 says x is n dec5t to leave _! haunts )\t pray+ to !m1 & he prays3 ',o auspici\s ,pan1 & ye o!r deities ( ?is place1 grant to me to become beautiful inw>dly1 & t all my outw>d goods may prosp] my inn] s\l4 ,grant t ,i may e/eem wisdom ! only ri*es1 & t ,i may h s mu* gold z temp]ance c h&somely c>ry4 ',h we yet aught else to pray =1 ,pha$rus8 ,= myself ,i seem to h pray$ en\gh4' ,pha$rus3 ',pray z mu* = me also3 = fri5ds h all 9 common4' ,socrates3 ',ev5 s be x4 ,let u dep>t' ,to ?is pat]no/] ( ,socrates1 report$ m ?an f\r c5turies be=e ,*ri/ taught ! ,"l's ,pray]1 let me add an attempt$ translation ( ! l9es t close ,hom]'s hymn to ! ,delian ,apollo4 ,imag9e ! old bl9d poet on ! bea* *ant+ to ! isl&]s ! glori\s boa/ ( ! little isl&--h[ x ( all l&s _h h>b\r$ ,leto 9 h] difficult travail2 h[ %e gave bir? to ! ,sun ,god2 h[ ! immortal *ild1 z ! att5dant goddesses t\*$ 8 lips ) ambrosia1 bur/ 8 swaddl+ b&s & /ood up1 sudd51 a god erect3 ,b he1 ! ,sun-,god1 did no soon] ta/e ,t food div9e ?an e swaddl+ b& ,bur/ /r& by /r&1 ,& bur/ ! belt above 8 pant+ wai/-- ,all hang+ loose ,ab\t him z he /ood & gave comm&3 ',fet* me my lyre1 fet* me my curv+ b[6 ,&1 taught by ^!1 %all "k ,all m51 ?r\gh me1 ! unfalt]+ w ( ,zeus6' ,s spake ! un%orn ,god1 ! ,ar*] bold1 ,& turn'd to tread ! ways ( ,e>? s wide2 ,:ile !y1 all !y1 _h m>vel to behold ,h[ ,delos broke 9 gold ,b5ea? 8 feet1 z on a m\nta9-side ,sudd51 9 ,spr+1 a tree is glorifi$ ,& canopi$ ) blossoms manifold4 ,b he w5t sw++ ) a c>eless /ride1 ,pr\d1 9 8 new artill]y b$ight1 ,up rocky ,cyn?us1 & ! isles descri$-- ,all 81 & _! inhabitants--= wide1 ,wide z he roam'd1 ran ^! 9 rivalry ,to build him temples 9 _m groves3 ,& ^! be 81 & all ! isles he loves1 ,& e =el& height1 ,& e riv] hurry+ to ! sea4 ,b *ief 9 !e1 ,delos1 z fir/ x 01 is 8 delight4 ,:]e ! long-rob$ ,ionians1 ea* ) mate ,& *ildr51 pi\s to 8 alt> ?rong1 ,&1 dec5t1 celebrate ,8 bir? ) box+-mat* & dance & song3 ,s t a /rang]1 happ5+ !m among1 ,w\ld deem t ^! ,ionians h no date1 ,be+ ageless1 all s met2 ,& he %\ld gaze ,& m>vel at _! ways1 ,heal?1 weal?1 ! comely face ,on man & woman--envy+ _! e/ate-- ,& yet ,y %all he lea/ be able to =get1 ,y maids ( ,delos1 de> ones1 z ye raise ,! hymn to ,phoebus1 ,leto1 ,artemis1 ,9 triune praise1 ,!n slide y\r song back ^u anci5t days ,& m5 ^: v "n =gott5 is41 ,& wom5 :o h liv$ & gone _! ways3 ,& make !m live ag51 ,*>m+ ! tribes ( m51 ,^: spee* ye mock ) pretty mimicries ,s true ,!y almo/ woo ,! he>] to believe he's s++ too6 ,spe$ me1 ,apollo3 spe$ me1 ,artemis6 ,& y1 my de>s1 f>ewell6 ,rememb] me ,h]eaft] if1 f any l& t is1 ,"s travell] "q ye-- ',maid5s1 :o 0 ! sweete/ man ( spee* ,f>$ hi!r1 ev] *ant$ on ?is bea*8' ,i y besee* ,make answ] to him1 civilly-- ',sir1 he 0 j a bl9d man1 & 8 home ,9 rocky ,*ios4 ,b 8 songs 7 be/1 ,& %all be ev] 9 ! days to come4' ,say t3 & z ,i que/ ,9 fair wall'd cities f>1 ,i'll tell !m !re 7,!y'll li/1 = 'twill be true7 ,( ,delos & ( y4 ,b *ief & ev]more my song %all be ,( ,pr9ce ,apollo1 "l ( ,ar*]y4 ,god ( ! ,silv] ,b[1 :om ,leto b>e-- ,leto1 ! lovely-tress'd4 ,did "t p]mit1 ,i might quote y a *orus ( ,aes*ylus1 a passage f ,?ucydides or f ,ari/otle1 to illu/rate ,gibbon's say+ t ! ,greek language 'gave a s\l to ! objects ( s5se1 & a body to ! ab/ractions ( metaphysics4' ,b !re x is1 & x has haunt$ our lit]ature2 at fir/ filt]+ ?r\gh ,lat91 at l5g? break+ f ,con/ant9ople 9 flood & l$ to u1 to ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 by ,erasmus1 by ,grocyn3 ,!e1 t "l ( spl5did lore ,ori5t f old ,hellas' %ore4 ,to h a s5se ( ,greek1 too1 is to own a corrective ( ta/e4 ,i quote ano!r old s*oolma/] "h--a dead fri5d1 ,sidney ,irw93 ,:at ! ,greeks dislik$ 0 extravagance1 caprice1 boa/fulness1 & display ( all k9ds4444 ,! ,greeks hat$ all mon/]s4 ,! qua9t phrase 9 ! ,odyssey ab\t ! ,que5 ( ! ,lae/rygones--',%e 0 tall z a m\nta91 & !y hat$ h]'--w\ld h seem$ to !m mo/ reasonable4444 ,to read ,greek is to h a p]petual witness to ! virtue ( prun+--( cond5s+--a p]petual prote/ aga9/ all t cr[ds1 & swells1 & weak5s ! writ]'s purpose4 ,to =get ?is is b to 'conf\nd our skill 9 covet\sness4' ,we _c all be writ]s 444 b we all wi% to h good ta/e1 & good ta/e is born ( a g5]\s caution ab\t lett+ oneself g4 ,i say g5]\s1 = caution is seldom g5]\s--b x is a g5]\s mood :i* is 9 no ha/e to ass]t itself4 ,to consid] ! ?+1 ! "t1 ! place1 ! p]son1 & to take y\rself & y\r own feel+s only fif? is to be arm\r-pro( aga9/ bad ta/e4 ,,viii ,!y tell u t ,greek is go+1 "h4 ,well1 ,i hold no brief = compulsory ,greek2 & ,i %all say b "o ^w on x4 ,i put x1 r idly1 to a vote 9 a ,cambridge ,comb9ation ,room1 ! o!r day1 & 0 amaz$ to f9d h[ ! votes 7 divid$4 ,! m5 ( sci5ce 7 by no means unanim\s4 ,!y own$ t !re 0 mu* to be said ev5 = compulsory ,greek1 if only ,greek _h be5 intellig5tly taught4 ,& ) t1 ( c\rse1 ,i agree3 = to le>n ,greek is1 aft] all1 a baptism into a noble cult4 ,! ,romans knew t4 ,i believe t1 ev5 yet1 if ! s*ools w\ld rebuild _! in/ruction 9 ,greek s z to make x int]e/+1 z x ought to be1 f ! fir/1 we %\ld ou/ ^? birds :o croak & *att] ^u ! walls ( our old ,univ]sities4 ,i f9d ! foll[+ 9 ,fitz,gerald's ,polonius3 ,an old ru9\s t[] :i* _h h>b\r$ innum]able jackdaws1 sp>r[s1 & bats1 0 at l5g? repair$4 ,:5 ! masons left x1 ! jackdaws1 sp>r[s1 & bats came back 9 se>* ( _! old dwell+s4 ,b ^! 7 all fill$ up4 ',( :at use n[ is ?is great build+8' said !y1 'come let u =sake ?is useless /one-heap3 ,& ! beauty ( ?is little apologue is t y c read x ei!r way4 ,,ix ,b1 al?\gh a /ud5t ( ,engli% ,lit]ature be ignorant ( ,greek & ,lat9 z languages1 may he n h ,greek & ,lat9 lit]ature widely op5$ to him by intellig5t translations8 ,! "q has (t5 be5 ask$1 b ,i ask x aga94 ,may n "s translations op5 a door to him by :i* he c see !m ?r\gh an atmosph]e1 & 9 t atmosph]e ! au!ntic anci5t gods walk+3 s t return+ ^u ,engli% lit]ature he may recognise !m !re1 too1 walk+ & talk+ 9 a g>d5 ( values8 ,! highe/ poetical spee* ( any "o language defies1 9 my belief1 translation into any o!r4 ,b ,h]odotus loses little1 & ,nor? is e :it z good z ,plut>*4 ,sigh no m1 ladies2 ladies1 sigh no m6 ,m5 7 deceiv]s ev]2 ,"o foot 9 sea & "o on %ore1 ,to "o ?+ con/ant nev] ,suppose t r5d]$ ?us3 ,i enjo9 ^u ! adult female population 7,greek3 gynaikes71 n once b twice1 t !re be f ?is "t =w>d1 a total cessation ( sigh+4 ,! male is1 & has be51 con/antly addict$ to incon/ancy1 tread+ ! ocean & ! ma9l& respectively ) alt]nate feet4 ,t1 m or less1 is :at ,paley did ^u ,euripides1 & h[ w\ld y l x if a mod]n ,greek did x ^u ,%akespe>e8 ,none ! less ,i rememb] t my own fir/ aw$ surmise ( :at ,greek might mean came f a translat$ /ory ( ,h]odotus--! /ory ( ,cleobis & ,biton--at ! tail ( an old gramm>-book1 be=e ,i _h le>nt ! ,greek alphabet2 & ,i am sure t ! in/9ct ( ! old translators 0 s\nd2 t someh[ 7z ,wordswor? says some:]e7 ! pres5t mu/ be balanc$ on ! w+s ( ! pa/ & ! future1 & t z y /ret* out ! "o y /ret* out ! o!r to /r5g?4 ,x ,!re is no d]ogation ( new ?+s 9 ?is plea ,i make specially to y :o may be c&idates 9 our ,s*ool ( ,engli%4 ,y may rememb] my read+ to y 9 a previ\s lecture t lib]al poem ( ,cory's invok+ ! _s ( 'de> div9e ,comatas1' t ,two m9ds %all fl[ toge!r1 ! ,engli% & ! ,greek4 ,well1 ,i w\ld h y\r m9ds1 z y read our lit]ature1 rea* back to t ,dorian %eph]d ?r\gh an atmosph]e--8 made ours--z ?r\gh veils1 ea* veil unfold+ a value4 ,s y w recognise h[1 f ,*auc] d[n1 our lit]ature has pant$ aft] ! ,m$it]ranean wat]-brooks4 ,s ?r\gh an atmosph]e y w l9k 7let me say7 ,coll9s's ,ode to ,ev5+1 or ,mat!w ,arnold's ,/ray$ ,revell] up to ! ',p]vigilium ,v5]is1' ,mr ,/urge ,moore's ,sicilian ,v9e-dress] up to ,!ocritus1 ,p]icles' fun]al oration d[n to ,l9coln's ov] ! dead at ,gettysburg4 ,& z ,i read y j n[ "s "p ( an ,engli% oration 9 ! ,lat9 mann]1 s ,i w conclude ) "s /anzas 9 ! ,greek mann]4 ,!y are by ,l&or--a pr\d promise by a "y writ]1 hopeful z ,i c\ld wi% any "y le>n] "h to be4 ,! title-- ,cor9na1 f ,a!ns1 to ,tanagra ,tanagra6 ?9k n ,i =get ,?y beautifully /ori$ /reets2 ,be sure my memory ba!s yet ,9 cle> ,!rmodon1 & yet greets ,! bli! & lib]al %eph]d-boy1 ,^: sunny bosom swells ) joy ,:5 we accept 8 matt$ ru%es ,upheav'd ) sylvan fruit2 away he b\nds1 & blu%es4 ,a gift ,i promise3 "o ,i see ,:i* ?\ ) transport wilt receive1 ,! only prop] gift = !e1 ,( :i* no mortal %all b]eave ,9 lat] times ?y m\ld]+ walls1 ,until ! la/ old turret falls2 ,a cr[n1 a cr[n f ,a!ns won1 ,a cr[n no god c we>1 beside ,latona's son4 ,!re may be cities :o refuse ,to _! own *ild ! hon\rs due1 ,& look ung5tly on ! ,muse2 ,b ev] %all ^? cities rue ,! dry1 unyield+1 nigg>d brea/1 ,(f]+ no n\ri%m5t1 no re/1 ,to t "y head :i* soon %all rise ,disda9fully1 9 might & glory1 to ! skies4 ,sweetly :]e cav]n'd ,dirce fl[s ,d :ite-arm'd maid5s *aunt my lay1 ,flapp+ ! :ile ) laurel-rose ,! honey-ga!r+ tribes away2 ,& sweetly1 sweetly ,attic tongues ,lisp y\r ,cor9na's e>ly songs2 ,to h] ) feet m graceful come ,! v]ses t h dwelt 9 k9dr$ brea/s at home4 ,o let ?y *ildr5 lean aslant ,aga9/ ! t5d] "m's knee1 ,& gaze into h] face1 & want ,to "k :at magic !re c be ,9 words t urge "s eyes to dance1 ,:ile o!rs z 9 holy trance ,look up to heav53 be su* my praise6 ,:y l+]8 ,i mu/ ha/e1 or lose ! ,delphic bays4 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,works ( ,lucian ( ,samosata3 translat$ by ,h4 ,w4 ,f[l] & ,f4 ,g4 ,f[l] 7,introduction1 p4 xxix74 ,ox=d1 ,cl>5don ,press4 ,footnote #b3 ,! ,tra9+ ( ! ,imag9ation3 by ,james ,rhoades4 ,london1 ,john ,lane1 #aijj4 ,footnote #c3 ,l&or3 sop & ,rhodop4 ,,lecture ,,viii ,,on ,,read+ ,,! ,,bible 7,i7 ,,w$nesday1 ,,m>* #f1 #aiah ,i ',read n to ,contradict & ,confute1' says ,bacon ( ,/udies 9 g5]al3 & y may be ! bett] dispos$1 ,g5tlem51 to =give my *oice ( subject to-day if 9 my fir/ s5t5ce ,i rule t way ( read+ ! ,bible completely out ( c\rt4 ,y may say at once t1 ! ,bible be+ s full ( doctr9e z x is1 & su* a /oreh\se = exegesis z x has be51 ?is is m easily said ?an pr(itably done4 ,y may grant me t ! ,scriptures 9 our ,au?oris$ ,v]sion are "p & p>cel ( ,engli% ,lit]ature 7& m ?an "p & p>cel72 y may grant t a ,pr(essor ( ,engli% ,lit]ature has !re=e a claim1 if n an obligation1 to speak ( !m 9 t ,v]sion2 y may-- hav+ grant$ my incessant refusal to disconnect our national lit]ature f our national life1 or to view !m z disconnect$--accept ! conclusion :i* pla9ly fl[s f x2 t no tea*] ( ,engli% c p>donably neglect :at is at once ! mo/ maje/ic ?+ 9 our lit]ature & by all odds ! mo/ spiritually liv+ ?+ we inh]it2 9 our c\rts at once sup]b monum5t & sup]abundant f\nta9 ( life2 & yet y may disc\nt be=eh& :at he mu/ attempt4 ,= 7say y7 if he attempt ! doctr9e1 he goes /raight d[n to buffet$ wat]s s broad t only /\t !ologians c w9 to %ore2 if1 on ! o!r h&1 he ignore doctr9e1 ! play is ,hamlet ) ! ,pr9ce ( ,d5m>k left out4 ,he r$uces our ,bible to 'm]e lit]ature1' to some?+ 'belletri/ic1' pretty1 an artifice1 a flimsy1 a gutt$ ?+4 ,,ii ,n[ ( all ways ( deal+ ) lit]ature t happ5s to be ! way we %\ld lea/ admire4 ,by t way we disassociate lit]ature f life2 ':at !y said' f ! m5 :o said x & meant x1 n seldom at ! risk ( _! lives4 ,my pupils w be> witness 9 _! memories t :5 we talk toge!r conc]n+ poetry1 = example1 by 'poetry' we mean 't :i* ! poets wrote1' or 7if y l7 '! /uff ! poets wrote'2 & _! intellig5ce tells !m1 ( c\rse1 t anyone :o 9 ! simple proposition ',poets wrote ,poetry' connects an object ) a subject by a v]b does n1 at any rate1 int5d to sund] :at he has j be5 at pa9s1 h[ev] slight1 to jo9 toge!r3 he may at lea/ h ! cr$it1 :e!r he be "r or wrong1 ( ass]t+ 8 subject & 8 object to be int]dep5d5t4 ,take a p>ticul> proposition--,john ,milton wrote a poem call$ ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,y w h>dly conte/ ! tru? ( t3 b :at does x mean8 ,milton wrote ! /ory ( ! ,fall ( ,man3 he told x 9 "s ?\s&s ( l9es ( decasyllabic v]se unrhym$2 he measur$ ^! l9es out ) exquisite cad5ces4 ,! object ( our simple s5t5ce includes all ^!1 & ?is mu* beside3 t he wrote ! total poem & made x :at x is4 ,nor c t object be fully und]/ood--lit]ature be+1 ev] & always1 s p]sonal a ?+--until we und]/& ! subject1 ,john ,milton-- :at mann] ( man he 01 & h[ on e>?1 be+ su* a man1 he contriv$ to d x4 ,we %all nev] q "k t3 b x is important we %\ld get z ne> z we c4 ,( ! ,bible ?is is yet m evid5t1 x be+ a translation4 ,isaiah did n write ! cad5ces ( 8 prophecies1 z we ord9>y m5 ( ?is c\ntry "k !m3 ,*ri/ did n speak ! cad5ces ( ! ,p>ables or ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 z we "k !m4 ,^! h be5 suppli$ by ! translators4 ,by all means let u /udy !m & le>n to delight 9 !m2 b ,*ri/ did n suff] = 8 cad5ces1 /ill less = ! cad5ces inv5t$ by ,engli%m5 almo/ #afjj ye>s lat]2 & ,engli%m5 :o w5t to ! /ake did n die = ^! cad5ces4 ,!y 7 ,loll>ds & ,re=m]s :o liv$ too soon to h he>d !m2 !y 7 ,ca?olics ( ! old pr(ession' :o _h ei!r nev] he>d or1 hav+ he>d1 abhorr$ !m4 ,^! m5 7 *e]ful to die = ! mean+ ( ! ,^w & = its au?or%ip-- because x 0 spok5 by ,*ri/4 ,,iii ,!re is 9 fact1 ,g5tlem51 no su* ?+ z 'm]e lit]ature4' ,p$ants h co9$ t contemptu\s t]m to express a figm5t>y concept ( _! own imag9ation or--to be m accurate1 an halluc9ation ( wra?--hav+ ab\t z mu* lik5ess to a v]a causa z _h ! doll :i* 7if y rememb]7 ,maggie ,tulliv] us$ to beat 9 ! g>ret :5ev]1 poor *ild1 ! _w w5t wrong ) h] someh[4 ,! ?\ghts1 actions & passions ( m5 became lit]ature by ! simple b difficult process ( be+ record$ 9 memorable spee*2 b 9 t process nei!r ! real ?+ record$ nor ! au?or is evacuat$4 ,belles lettres1 ,f9e ,art are odi\s t]ms1 = :i* no clean-?9k+ man has any use4 ,!re is no su* ?+ 9 ! _w z belles lettres2 if !re 71 x w\ld des]ve ! "n4 ,z = ,f9e ,art1 ! late ,pr(essor ,but*] bequea!d to u a translation ( ,ari/otle's ,poetics ) "s admirable app5dixes--! :ole entitl$ ,ari/otle's ,!ory ( ,poetry & ,f9e ,art4 ,ari/otle nev] 9 8 life _h a !ory ( ,f9e ,art z di/9ct f o!r art3 nor 7,i wag]7 c y f9d 9 8 discov]$ works a ^w = any su* ?+4 ,n[ if ,ari/otle _h a concept ( f9e' art z di/+ui%$ f o!r art1 he 0 man en\gh to f9d a "n = x4 ,8 omission to d any?+ ( ! sort speaks = itself4 ,s y %\ld bew>e ( any tea*] :o w\ld treat ! ,bible or any "p ( x z 'f9e writ+1' m]e lit]ature4 ,,iv ,let me1 hav+ said ?is1 at once ent] a caveat1 a qualification4 ,al?\gh m5 d n g to ! /ake = ! cad5ces1 ! phrases ( our ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 x rema9s true t ^! cad5ces1 ^! phrases1 h = ?ree hundr$ ye>s ex]cis$ a mo/ p[]ful effect ^u _! emotions4 ,!y d s by association ( ideas by ! accret$ memories ( our race enwrapp+ connotation ar\nd a ^w1 a "n--say ! "n ,j]usalem1 or ! "n ,sion3 ,& !y t wa/$ u requir$ ( u mir?1 say+1 ,s+ u "o ( ! songs ( ,sion4 ,h[ %all we s+ ! ,"l's song 9 a /range l&8 ,if ,i =get !e1 ,o ,j]usalem1 let my "r h& =get h] cunn+4 ,x mu/ be kn[n to y1 ,g5tlem51 t ^! words c affect m5 to te>s :o nev] connect !m 9 ?\ght ) ! actual geographical ,j]usalem2 :o connect x 9 ?\ght m]ely ) a q diff]5t native home f :i* !y are exiles4 ,"h & !re "s "o man may feel a simil> emotion ov] ,l&or's ,tanagra1 ?9k n ,i =get4444 ,b ! ^w ,j]usalem w /rike tw5ty m5 tw5tyfold m poignantly3 = to ea* x names ! city famili> 9 _s to 8 p>5ts :5 !y knelt1 & to _! fa!rs be=e !m3 n only ! city :i* 0 8 nurs]y & yet lay j beyond ! l&scape se5 f its w9d[2 its connotation includes n only :at ! ^w ',rome' has meant1 & ev] mu/ mean1 to ?\s&s on ?\s&s sett+ eyes = ! fir/ "t on ,! ,city3 b x holds1 too1 "s h9t ( ! ,new ,j]usalem1 ! city ( twelve gates be=e ! vision ( :i* ,/ ,john fell prone3 ,ah1 my sweet home1 ,hi]usalem1 ,w\ld ,god ,i 7 9 !e6 ,?y ,g>d5s & ?y gallant walks ,cont9ually are gre53 ,!re gr[s su* sweet & pleasant fl[]s ,z n[h]e else are se54 ,q ?r\gh ! /reets ) pleasant s\nd ,! flood ( ,life do? fl[2 ,^u ^: banks on e side ,! wood ( ,life do? gr[4444 ,our ,lady s+s ,magnificat ,) tones surpass+ sweet3 ,& all ! virg9s be> _! "p1 ,sitt+ ab\t h] feet4 ,hi]usalem1 my happy home1 ,w\ld ,god ,i 7 9 !e6 ,w\ld ,god my woes 7 at an end1 ,?y joys t ,i might see6 ,y _c 7,i say7 get away f ^! connotations accret$ ?r\gh y\r own memories & y\r fa!rs'2 z nei!r c y be sure ( gett+ free ( any great lit]ature 9 any tongue1 once x has be5 writt54 ,let me quote y a passage f ,c>d9al ,newman he is address+ ! und]graduates ( ! ,ca?olic ,univ]sity ( ,dubl93 ,h[ real a creation1 h[ sui g5]is1 is ! /yle ( ,%akespe>e1 or ( ! ,prote/ant ,bible & ,pray] ,book1 or ( ,swift1 or ( ,pope1 or ( ,gibbon1 or ( ,johnson6 ,i pause to m>k h[ j ?is man c be to 8 great enemies4 ,pope 0 a ,roman ,ca?olic1 y w rememb]2 b ,gibbon 0 an infidel4 ,ev5 7 ! subject-matt] )\t mean+1 ?\gh 9 tru? ! /yle _c really be ab/ract$ f ! s5se1 /ill ! /yle w\ld1 on t supposition1 rema9 z p]fect & orig9al a "w z ,euclid's ,elem5ts or a symphony ( ,bee?ov54 ,&1 l music1 x has seiz$ ^u ! public m9d3 & ! lit]ature ( ,engl& is no long] a m]e lett]1 pr9t$ 9 books & %ut up 9 libr>ies1 b x is a liv+ voice1 :i* has gone =? 9 its expressions & its s5tim5ts into ! _w ( m51 :i* daily ?rills ^u our e>s & syllables our ?\ghts1 :i* speaks to u ?r\gh our correspond5ts & dictates :5 we put p5 to pap]4 ,:e!r we w or no1 ! phraseology ( ,%akespe>e1 ( ! ,prote/ant =mul>ies1 ( ,milton1 ( ,pope1 ( ,johnson's ,table-talk1 & ( ,walt] ,scott1 h become a portion ( ! v]nacul> tongue1 ! h\sehold words1 ( :i* p]haps we little guess ! orig91 & ! v idioms ( our famili> conv]sation4444 ,s tyrann\s is ! lit]ature ( a nation2 x is too mu* = u4 ,we _c de/roy or rev]se x4444 ,we _c make x ov] aga94 ,x is a great "w ( man1 :5 x is no "w ( ,god's4444 ,we _c undo ! pa/4 ,engli% ,lit]ature w ev] h be5 ,prote/ant4 ,v ,i am speak+1 !n1 to he>]s :o w\ld read n to contradict & confute2 :o h an inh]it$ s5se ( ! ,engli% ,bible2 & :o h1 ev5 z ,i1 a /ore ( associat$ ideas1 to be evok$ by any *ance phrase f x2 beyond ?is1 x may be1 no?+ t c be call$ s*ol>%ip by any /ret* ( ! t]m4 ,v well1 !n3 my fir/ piece ( advice on read+ ! ,bible is t y d x4 ,i h1 ( c\rse1 no reason at all to suppose or sugge/ t any memb] ( ?is pres5t audi5ce omits to d x4 ,b "s g5]al obs]vations are p]mitt$ to an occupant ( ?is ,*air3 &1 speak+ g5]ally1 & z "o n con/itutionally dispos$ to lam5tation 9 ! book we are discuss+1 = example1 ,i f9d ,j]emiah ! contributor lea/ to my m9d1 ,i d believe t ! "y read ! ,bible less1 & enjoy x less--probably read x less1 because !y enjoy x less--?an _! fa!rs did4 ,! ,education ,act ( #ahgj1 (t5 9 ^! days too sweep+ly d5\nc$1 did a va/ deal ( good along ) no small am\nt ( def9ite h>m4 ,at ! head ( ! h>mful effects mu/ 7,i ?9k7 be set its disc\ragem5t ( ,bible read+2 & ?is *iefly ?r\gh its enc\rag+ p>5ts to believe t !y c\ld h5ce=? h& ov] ! tra9+ ( _! *ildr5 to ! ,/ate1 lock1 /ock & b>rel4 ,y all rememb] ! picture 9 ,burns ( ,! ,cott]'s ,saturday ,night3 ,! *e>fu' supp] done1 wi' s]i\s face1 ,!y1 r\nd ! +le1 =m a circle wide2 ,! sire turns o'er1 wi' patri>*al grace1 ,! big ha'-,bible1 ance 8 fa!r's pride4 ,8 bonnet rev'r5tly is laid aside1 ,8 ly>t haffets we>+ ?9 & b>e2 ,^? /ra9s t once did sweet 9 ,zion glide1 ,he wales a portion ) judici\s c>e1 ,& ',let u wor%ip ,god 6' he says1 ) solemn air4 ,b y "k t ! sire br$ on ! tradition ( #ahgj1 & n[ gr[+ grey1 does no?+ ( t sort on a ,saturday night3 t1 ,saturday be+ tub-night1 he incl9es r to ord] ! *ildr5 into ! back-kit*5 to get wa%$2 t on ,sunday morn+1 hav+ se5 !m (f to a place ( wor%ip1 he incl9es to sit d[n & read1 9 place ( ! ,bible1 8 ,sunday newspap]3 t 9 ! aft]noon he aga9 %unts !m (f to ,sunday-s*ool4 ,n[--to speak fir/ ( ! *ildr5--x is good = !m to be tubb$ on ,saturday night2 good = !m also1 ,i d>e say1 to att5d ,sunday-s*ool on ! foll[+ aft]noon2 b n good 9 s f> z !y miss to he> ! ,bible read by _! p>5ts & ,pure religion brea?+ h\sehold laws4 ',pure religion'8--,well p]haps t begs ! "q3 & ,i d>e say ,burns' cott] :5 he wal$ 'a portion ) judici\s c>e1' wal$ x z (t5 z n--p]haps (t5] ?an n--to contradict & confute2 t (t5 he contradict$ & confut$ v crudely1 v ignorantly4 ,b we may call x simple religion anyh[1 s9c]e religion1 p>5tal religion1 h\sehold religion3 & = a c]ta9ty no 'lessons' 9 day-s*ool or ,sunday-s*ool h1 = t+e+ a *ild's m9d1 an effect comp>able ) t ( a religion p]vad+ ! *ild's home1 pres5t at b$side & bo>d3-- ,"h a little *ild ,i /&1 ,heav+ up my ei!r h&2 ,cold z paddocks ! !y be1 ,"h ,i lift !m up to ,!e2 ,= a b5ison to fall ,on our meat & on u all4 ,am54 --p]meat+ ! h\se1 subtly in/ill$ by ! v acc5t ( 8 fa!r's & 8 "m's spee*4 ,= ! gr[n man 444 ,i happ5 to come f a "p ( ,engl& ,ed43 ,cornwall :]e m51 9 all my days1 h be5 curi\sly conc]n$ ) religion & are yet s conc]n$2 s mu* t y c sc>ce take up a local pap] & turn to ! correspond5ce column b y w f9d "s heat$ controv]sy rag+ ov] ,free ,w & ,pr$e/9ation1 ! ,validity ( ,holy ,ord]s1 ,orig9al ,s91 ,r$emption ( ! _m or ! few3 ,g x ,ju/ice1 g x ,m]cy6 ,g x ,d\glas1 g x ,p]cy6 ,b ! conte/ants d n write 9 ! language _! fa!rs us$4 ,!y seem to h lo/ ! vocabul>y1 & to h pick$ up1 9 place ( x1 ! j>gon ( ! ,yell[ ,press1 :i* does n t5d to cle> def9ition on po9ts ( !ology4 ,! mass ( all ?is controv]sial /uff is no m absurd1 no m frantic1 ?an x us$ to be3 b 9 language x has lo/ its dignity ) its homel9ess4 ,x has lo/ ! col\r+ ( ! ,scriptures1 ! intonation ( ! ,scriptures1 ! ,scriptural habit4 ,if ,i turn f x to a passage 9 ,bunyan1 ,i am conv]s+ ) a man :o1 ?\gh he has read few o!r books1 has imbib$ & soak$ ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion into 8 fibres s t he _c speak b ,biblically4 ,li/5 to ?is3 ,z to ! situation ( ?is t[n1 x lie? j betwe5 ! two worlds1 & ! fir/ f\nd]1 & build] ( x1 s f> z by ! be/1 & mo/ au!ntic records ,i c ga!r1 0 "o ,%addai2 & he built x = 8 own delight4 ,he made x ! mirror1 & glory ( all t he made1 ev5 ! ,top-piece beyond any?+ else t he did 9 t c\ntry3 yea1 s goodly a t[n 0 ,mans\l1 :5 fir/ built1 t x is said by "s1 ! ,gods at ! sett+ up !re(1 came d[n to see x1 & sang = joy4444 ,! wall ( ! t[n 0 well built1 yea s fa/ & firm 0 x knit & compact toge!r1 t _h x n be5 = ! t[nsm5 !mselves1 !y c\ld n h be5 %ak51 or brok5 = ev]4 ,or take ?is3 ,n[ z !y 7 go+ along & talk+1 !y espi$ a ,boy fe$+ 8 ,fa!r's ,%eep4 ,! ,boy 0 9 v mean ,cloa?s1 b ( a v fre% & well-fav\r$ ,c\nt5ance1 & z he sate by himself he ,sung4444 ,!n said _! ,guide1 ,d y he> him8 ,i w d>e to say1 t ?is ,boy lives a m]ri] ,life1 & we>s m ( t ,h]b call$ ,he>t's-ease 9 8 ,bosom1 ?an he t is clad 9 ,silk & ,velvet4 ,i *oose ord9>y passages1 n solemn ones 9 :i* ,bunyan is consci\sly scriptural4 ,b y _c miss ! acc5t4 ,t is ,bunyan1 ( c\rse2 & ,i am f> f say+ t ! lab\r+ m5 among :om ,i grew up1 at ! fi%]y or 9 ! hayfield1 talk$ ) ,bunyan's magic4 ,b ,i d ass]t t !y _h some?+ ( ! acc5t2 en\gh to be l1 9 a *ild's m9d1 ! fi%]m5 & lab\r]s among :om ,*ri/ f\nd 8 fir/ disciples4 ,!y _h ! l>ge simplicity ( spee*1 ! cad5ce1 ! acc5t4 ,b let me turn to ,irel&1 :]e1 ?\gh n directly d]iv$ f our ,engli% ,bible1 a simil> scriptural acc5t survives among ! peasantry & is1 ,i hope1 in]adicable4 ,i *oose two s5t5ces f a book ( ',memories' rec5tly writt5 by ! survivor ( ! two ladies :o toge!r wrote ! incomp>able ',iri% ,r4,m4' ,! fir/ 0 utt]$ by a small cultivator :o 0 ask$ :y 8 potato-crop _h fail$3 ',i c\ldn't h>dly say' 0 ! answ]4 ',:atev] x 01 ,god spurn$ !m 9 a boggy place4' ,is t n ! acc5t ( ,isaiah8 ,he w surely viol5tly turn & toss !e l a ball into a l>ge c\ntry4 ,! o!r is ! b5$iction be/[$ ^u ! late ,miss ,violet ,m>t9 by a begg>-woman 9 ,skibb]e53 ,sure ye're always laugh+6 ,t ye may laugh 9 ! sight ( ! ,glory ( ,heav56 ,,vi ,b "o n[ sees1 or seems to see1 t we *ildr5 did1 9 our "t1 read ! ,bible a great deal1 if p]=ce we 7 taught to read x 9 sundry bad ways3 ( :i* p]haps ! wor/ 0 t our eld]s hamm]$ 9 all ! books1 all ! p>ts ( x1 z equally inspir$ & !re=e equival5t4 ,( c\rse ?is meant among o!r ?+s t !y hamm]$ x all 9 lit]ally3 b let u n s5tim5talise ov] t4 ,x really did no *ild any h>m to believe t ! univ]se 0 creat$ 9 a work+ week ( six days1 & t ,god sat d[n & look$ at x on ,sunday1 & behold x 0 v good4 ,a week is q a long :ile to a *ild1 yet a def9ite division r\nd+ (f a squ>e job4 ,! ba?-taps at home usually1 = "s unexpla9$ reason1 w5t wrong dur+ ! week-end3 ! plumb] came 9 on ,monday & c>ri$ out 8 tools on ,saturday at mid-day4 ,^! little analogies really d 7,i believe7 help ! infant m9d1 & n at all to its lat] detrim5t4 ,nor %all ,i ask y to s5tim5talise ov]mu* ^u ! h>m done to a *ild by tea*+ him t ! blood?ir/y jeal\s ,jehovah ( ! ,book ( ,jo%ua is z v5]able 7be+ "o & ! same unalt]ably1 ') :om is no v>iabl5ess1 nei!r %ad[ ( turn+'7 z ! ,fa!r '! same ,"l1 ^: prop]ty is always to h m]cy1' reveal$ to u 9 ! ,gospel1 invok$ = u at ! ,eu*>i/4 ,i d mo/ s]i\sly hold x to be fatal if we gr[ up & are fossilis$ 9 any su* belief4 7,:]e h we bett] pro( ?an 9 ! invocations :i* ! family ( ! ,hoh5zoll]ns h be5 putt+ up1 any "t s9ce ,augu/ #aiad--;& = ye>s be=e--to ?is bloody id5tification ( ! ,*ri/ian man's ,god ) ,jo%ua's87 ,my simple advice is t y n only read ! ,bible e>ly b read x aga9 & aga93 & if on ! ?ird or fif? read+ x leave y j :]e ! fir/ left y--if y /ill get f x no hi/orical s5se ( a race develop+ its concept ( ,god--well !n1 ! po9t ( ! advice is lo/1 & !re is no m to be said4 ,b ov] ?is bus9ess ( tea*+ ! ,book ( ,jo%ua to *ildr5 ,i am 9 "s d\bt4 ,a few ye>s ago an ,education ,committee1 ( :i* ,i happ5$ to be ,*airman1 s5t m9i/]s ( religion ab\t1 two by two1 to te/ ! religi\s in/ruction giv5 9 ,elem5t>y ,s*ools4 ,( ! two :o work$ ar\nd my imm$iate neighb\rhood1 "o 0 a "y prie/ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 a m$ievali/ ) an ard5t passion = ritual2 ! o!r a g5tle ,congregational m9i/]1 a m]e holy & humble man ( he>t4 ,!y became great fri5ds 9 ! c\rse ( ^! exp$itions1 & !y br\ght back ?is report--',x is positively wick$ to let ^! *ildr5 gr[ up be+ taught t !re is no diff]5ce 9 value betwe5 ,jo%ua & ,/ ,mat!w3 t ! ,god ( ! ,"l's ,pray] is ! same :o comm&$ ! massacre ( ,ai4' ,well1 p]haps x is4 ,see+ h[ blood?ir/y old m5 c be 9 ^! days1 "o is tempt$ to ?9k t !y c h>dly be caught too "y & taught dec5cy1 if n mansuetude4 ,b ,i d n rememb]1 z a *ild1 feel+ any horror ab\t x1 or any difficulty 9 reconcil+ ! two concepts4 ,*ildr5 are a bit blood?ir/y1 & ,i obs]ve t two volumes ( ! late ,capta9 ,mayne ,reid--,! ,rifle ,rang]s1 & ,! ,scalp ,hunt]s--h j f\nd _! way into ,! ,_w's ,classics & are adv]tis$ alongside ( ,rusk9's ,sesame & ,lilies & ! ,de ,imitatione ,*ri/i4 ,i leave y to ?9k ?is out2 add+ b ?is = a sugge/ion3 t z ! ,hebrew outgrew 8 primitive tribal beliefs1 s ! bett]+ m9d ( man ca/s (f ! old cl\ts ( primitive doctr9e1 he be+ 9 fact bett] ?an 8 religion4 ,y h all he>d prea*]s try+ to %[ t ,jacob 0 a bett] fell[ ?an ,esau someh[4 ,y h all1 ,i hope1 reject$ e su* explanation4 ,esau 0 a g5tleman3 ,jacob 0 n4 ,! in/9ct ( a "y man meets t wall1 & !re is no pass+ x4 ,lat]1 ! m9d ( ! y\? p]ceives t ! writ] ( ,jacob's hi/ory has a tribal m9d & supposes ?r\gh\t t = ! advancem5t ( 8 tribe _m ?+s are p]missible & ev5 admirable :i* a lat] & urban] m9d rejects z dete/ably %>p practice4 ,& ! /ory ( ,jacob becomes ! m valuable to u hi/orically z we realise :at a h]o he is to ! bl& *ronicl]4 ,,vii ,b ( ano!r ?+1 ,g5tlem51 ,i am c]ta93 t we 7 badly taught 9 t ^! books1 :ile prea*$ to u z equival5t1 7 kept 9 sep>ate comp>tm5ts4 ,we 7 taught ! books ( ,k+s & ,*ronicles z hi/ory4 ,! prophets 7 ! ,prophets1 inspir$ m5 pr$ict+ ! future :i* !y only did by *ance1 z e inspir$ man does4 ,isaiah 0 nev] put into relation ) 8 "t at all2 :i* means ev]y?+ to our und]/&+ ( ,isaiah1 :e!r ( ,j]usalem or ( ,babylon4 ,we pl\gh$ ?r\gh ,k+s & ,*ronicles1 & made out li/s ( rul]s1 ) dates & capital ev5ts4 ,isaiah 0 all f9e writ+ ab\t no?+ at all1 & hi/orically we 7 conc]n$ ) him only to v]ify "s f>-fet*$ ref]5ce to ! ,messiah 9 ?is or t ,evangeli/4 ,b !re is n1 nev] has be51 really f9e lit]ature--l ,isaiah--compos$ ab\t no?+ at all3 & 9 ! m]e matt] ( progno/ication ,i d\bt if su* exp]ts z ,zadkiel & ,old ,moore h any?+ to fe> f any ,s*ool ( ,writ+ we c build up 9 ,cambridge4 ,b if we _h only be5 taught to read ,isaiah concurr5tly ) ! ,books ( ! ,k+s1 :at a fire x w\ld h k9dl$ among ! dry bones ( our /udies6 ,!n said ! ,"l unto ,isaiah1 ,g =? n[ to meet ,ahaz1 ?\1 & ,%e>-ja%ub ?y son1 at ! end ( ! conduit ( ! upp] pool 9 ! highway ( ! full]'s field4 ,s*ol>s1 ( c\rse1 "k ! political significance ( t fam\s meet+4 ,b if we _h only kn[n x2 if we _h only be5 taught :at ,assyria 0--) its successive mon>*s ,tigla?- piles]1 ,%almanes]1 ,s>gon1 ,s5na*]ib2 & :y ,syria & ,israel & ,egypt 7 try+ to cajole or =ce ,judah into alliance2 :at a diff]5ce 7,i say7 ?is passage w\ld h meant to u6 ,,viii ,i d>esay1 aft] all1 t ! be/ way is n to bo!r a boy too e>ly & ov]mu* ) hi/ory2 t ! be/ way is to let him ramp at fir/ ?r\gh ! ,scriptures ev5 z he might ?r\gh ,! ,arabian ,nights3 to let him take ! books z !y come1 m]ely indicat+1 = in/ance1 t ,job is a great poem1 ! ,psalms great lyrics1 ! /ory ( ,ru? a lovely idyll1 ! ,song ( ,songs ! p]fection ( an ,ea/]n love-poem4 ,well & :at !n8 ,he w c]ta9ly get less ( ,! ,cott]'s ,saturday ,night into x1 & c]ta9ly m ( ! tru? ( ! ,ea/4 ,!re he w feel ! :ole spl5did b>b>ic /ory = himself3 ! flocks ( ,abraham & ,laban3 ! trek ( ,jacob's sons to ,egypt = corn3 ! figures ( ,rebekah at ! well1 ,ru? at ! glean+1 & ,rispah b5ea? ! gibbet3 ,sis]a b[+ 9 we>9ess3 ,saul--great ,saul--by ! t5t-prop ) ! jewels 9 8 turban3 ,all its lordly male-sapphires1 & rubies c\rage\s at he>t4 ,or consid]--to *oose "o or two pictures out ( ! trem5d\s procession--consid] ,mi*al1 ,saul's royal daught]3 h[ fir/ %e is giv5 9 m>riage to ,david to be a sn>e = him2 h[ lov+ him %e saves 8 life1 lett+ him d[n f ! w9d[ & dress+ up an image on ! b$ 9 8 place3 h[1 lat]1 %e is h&$ ov] to ano!r husb& ,phaltiel1 h[ ,david dem&s h] back1 & %e goes3 ,& h] husb& 7,phaltiel7 w5t ) h] along weep+ beh9d h] to ,bahurim4 ,!n said ,abn] unto him1 ,g1 return4 ,& he return$4 ,or1 /ill lat]1 h[ ! revulsion takes h]1 ,saul's daught]1 z %e sees ,david cap]+ home be=e ! ark1 & h[ h] affection _h done ) ?is emotional man ( ! ruddy c\nt5ance1 s prone to weep 9 8 b$3 ,& z ! ark ( ! ,"l came into ! city ( ,david1 ,mi*al ,saul's daught]-- ,m>k ! ?ree words-- ,mi*al ,saul's daught] look$ ?r\gh a w9d[1 & saw ,k+ ,david leap+ & danc+ be=e ! ,"l2 & %e despis$ him 9 h] he>t4 ,! :ole /ory goes into ab\t t5 l9es4 ,y\r psy*ological noveli/ n[adays1 giv5 ! wit to inv5t x1 w\ld make x cov] #ejj pages at lea/4 ,or take ! end ( ,david 9 ! fir/ two *apt]s ( ! ,fir/ ,book ( ,k+s1 ) its tale ( ,ori5tal intrigues1 plots1 trea*]ies1 murd]+s 9 ! dep?s ( ! horrible palace :]e9 ! old man is dy+4 ,or read ( ,solomon & 8 %ips & 8 build]s1 & see 8 ,temple gr[+ 7z ,heb] put x7 l a tall palm1 ) no s\nd ( hamm]s4 ,or read aga9 ! end ( ,que5 ,a?aliah3 ,& :5 ,a?aliah he>d ! noise ( ! gu>d & ( ! p1 %e came to ! p into ! temple ( ! ,"l4-- ,& :5 %e look$1 behold1 ! k+ /ood by a pill>1 z ! mann] 01 & ! pr9ces & ! trumpet]s by ! k+1 & all ! p ( ! l& rejoic$1 & blew ) trumpets3 ,& ,a?aliah r5t h] clo!s1 & cri$ ,treason1 ,treason4--,b ,jehoiada ! prie/ comm&$ ! capta9s ( ! hundr$s1 ! (fic]s ( ! ho/1 & said unto !m1 ,h h] =? )\t ! ranges4444 --,& !y laid h&s on h]2 & %e w5t by ! way by ! :i* ! horses came into ! k+'s h\se3 & !re 0 %e sla94 ,let a y\ng/] read ?is1 ,i say1 j z x is writt52 & h[ ! true ,ea/--s\nd1 sc5t1 =m1 col\r--p\rs into ! n>rative6--cymbals & trumpets1 leagues ( s&1 c>avans trail+ ?r\gh ! heat1 prie/ & soldi]y & k+s go+ up betwe5 !m to ! alt>2 blood at ! foot ( ! /eps1 blood ev]y:]e1 smell ( blood m+l$ ) spices1 s&al-wood1 dung ( camels6 ,yes1 b h[--if y w p]mit ! ^w--h[ ! enjoym5t ( x z magnific5t lit]ature might be enhanc$ by a s*ol> :o w\ld condesc5d to :isp]1 ( 8 k1 ! magical ^w "h or !re1 to ! *ild z he reads6 ,= an in/ance4-- ,no *ild--no gr[n man ) any s5se ( poetry--c d5y 8 e> to ! ,=ty-fif? ,psalm2 ! "o t beg9s ',my he>t is indit+ a good matt]1' & plunges into a hymn ( royal nuptials4 ,fir/ 7y rememb]7 ! s++-m51 ! sons ( ,korah1 lift _! *ant to ! bridegroom1 ! ,k+3 ,gird ?y sword ^u ?y ?igh1 ,o mo/ mighty 444 ,& 9 ?y maje/y ride prosp]\sly4 ,or z we he> x 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]3 ,good luck h ?\ ) ?9e hon\r444 because ( ! ^w ( tru?1 ( meekness1 & righte\sness2 & ?y "r h& %all tea* !e t]rible ?+s4444 ,all ?y g>m5ts smell ( myrrh1 aloes1 & cassia3 out ( ! ivory palaces1 :]eby !y h made !e glad4 ,anon !y turn to ! ,bride3 ,he>k51 ,o daught]1 & consid]1 & incl9e ?9e e>2 =get also ?9e own p1 & ?y fa!r's h\se4444 ,! ,k+'s daught] is all glori\s )93 h] clo?+ is ( wr\ght gold4 ,%e %all be br\ght unto ! k+ 9 raim5t ( ne$lework3 ! virg9s t be h] fell[s %all be> h] company4 ,& ! daught] ( ,tyre %all be !re ) a gift4 ,in/ead ( ?y fa!rs %all be ?y *ildr51 :om ?\ maye/ make pr9ces 9 all ! e>?4 ,= :om 7wond]s ! "y read]1 spell-b\nd by ?is71 = :at happy bride & bridegroom 0 ?is glori\s *ant rais$8 ,n[ suppose t1 j "h1 he has a s*ol> ready to tell him :at is likelie/ true--t ! bridegroom 0 ,ahab--t ! bride1 ! daught] ( ,sidon1 0 no o!r ?an ,jezebel1 & became :at ,jezebel n[ is--) :at an awe ( surmise w\ld two o!r passages ( ! hi/ory toll on 8 e>8 ,& "o wa%$ ! *>iot 9 ! pool ( ,sam>ia2 & ! dogs lick$ up 8 blood4444 ,& :5 he 7,jehu7 0 come 91 he did eat & dr9k1 & said1 ,g1 see n[ ?is curs$ woman1 & bury h]3 = %e is a k+'s daught]4 ,& !y w5t to bury h]3 b !y f\nd no m ( h] ?an ! skull1 & ! feet1 & ! palms ( h] h&s4 ,:]e=e !y came aga91 & told him4 ,& he said1 ,?is is ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 :i* he spake by 8 s]vant ,elijah ! ,ti%bite1 say+1 ,9 ! portion ( ,jezreel %all dogs eat ! fle% ( ,jezebel 444 s t 7m57 %all n say1 ,?is is ,jezebel4 ,9 ano!r lecture1 ,g5tlem51 ,i propose to take up ! argum5t & attempt to br+ x to ?is po9t4 ',h[ c we1 hav+ ?is incomp>able "w1 necess>y = /udy by all :o w\ld write ,engli%1 br+ x )9 ! ambit ( ! ,engli% ,tripos & yet avoid (f5d+ ! exp]ts8' ,,lecture ,,ix ,,on ,,read+ ,,! ,,bible 7,,ii7 ,,w$nesday1 ,,april #bd1 #aiah ,i ,we left (f la/ t]m1 ,g5tlem51 ^u a note ( prote/4 ,we wond]$ :y x %\ld be t our ,engli% ,v]sion ( ! ,bible lies "u ! ban ( s*ool-ma/]s1 ,bo>ds ( ,/udies1 & all :o devise c\rses ( read+ & exam9ations 9 ,engli% ,lit]ature3 t among our prescrib$ books' we f9d ,*auc]'s ,prologue1 we f9d ,hamlet1 we f9d ,p>adise ,lo/1 we f9d ,pope's ,essay on ,man1 aga9 & aga91 b ,! ,book ( ,job nev]2 ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield & ,gray's ,elegy (t51 b ,ru? or ,isaiah1 ,ecclesia/icus or ,wisdom nev]4 ,i propose ?is morn+3 7#a7 to enquire into ! reasons = ?is1 s f> z ,i c guess & int]pret !m2 7#b7 to deal ) su* reasons z we c discov] or surmise2 7#c7 to sugge/ to-day1 "s simple fir/ aid3 & 9 ano!r lecture1 tak+ = exp]im5t a s+le book f ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 "s practical ways ( includ+ x 9 ! ambit ( our new ,engli% ,tripos4 ,?is w compel me to be def9ite3 & z def9ite proposals invite def9ite objections1 by ?is me?od we are likelie/ to "k :]e we are1 & if ! re=m we seek be realisable or illusory4 ,,ii ,i %all ask y !n1 fir/1 to ass5t ) me1 t ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion ( ! ,holy ,bible is1 z a lit]>y a*ievem5t1 "o ( ! greate/ 9 our language2 nay1 ) ! possible exception ( ! complete works ( ,%akespe>e1 ! v greate/4 ,y w c]ta9ly n d5y ?is4 ,z little1 or less1 w y d5y t m deeply ?an any o!r book--m deeply ev5 ?an all ! writ+s ( ,%akespe>e--f> m deeply--x has influ5c$ our lit]ature4 ,"h let me repeat a %ort passage f a =m] lecture ( m9e 7,may #ae1 #aiac1 five ye>s ago74 ,i _h quot$ "s few glori\s s5t5ces su* z3 ,?9e eyes %all see ! k+ 9 8 beauty3 !y %all behold ! l& t is v f> (f4 ,& a man %all be z an hid+-place f ! w9d1 & a cov]t f ! tempe/2 z riv]s ( wat] 9 a dry place1 z ! %ad[ ( a great rock 9 a we>y l&4444 ,s :5 ?is corruptible %all h put on incorruption1 & ?is mortal %all h put on immortality 444 & hav+ quot$ ^! ,i w5t on3 ,:5 a nation has a*iev$ ?is mann] ( diction1 ^! rhy?ms = its de>e/ beliefs1 a lit]ature is surely e/abli%$4444 ,wyclif1 ,tyndale1 ,cov]dale & o!rs be=e ! =ty-sev5 _h wr\ght4 ,! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 sett+ a seal on all1 set a seal on our national /yle4444 ,x has cad5ces homely & sublime1 yet s h>monises !m t ! voice is always "o4 ,simple m5--holy & humble m5 ( he>t l ,isaak ,walton & ,bunyan--h _! lips t\*$ & speak to ! homeli] tune4 ,pr\d m51 s*ol>s --,milton1 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne--practise ! roll+ ,lat9 s5t5ce2 b ^u ! rhy?ms ( our ,bible !y1 too1 fall back--',! great mutations ( ! _w are act$1 or "t may be too %ort = our designs4' ',acqua9t ?yself ) ! ,*oragium ( ! />s4' ',!re is no?+ immortal b immortality4' ,! precise man ,addison _c excel "o p>able 9 brevity or 9 heav5ly cl>ity3 ! two p>ts ( ,johnson's anti!sis come to no m ?an ?is ',our ,"l has gone up to ! s\nd ( a trump2 ) ! s\nd ( a trump our ,"l has gone up4' ,! ,bible controls its enemy ,gibbon z surely z x haunts ! curi\s music ( a light s5t5ce ( ,?ack]ay's4 ,x is 9 ev]y?+ we see1 he>1 feel1 because x is 9 u1 9 our blood4 ,if t be true1 or less ?an gravely ov]/at$3 if ! ,engli% ,bible hold ?is unique place 9 our lit]ature2 if x be at once a monum5t1 an example & 7be/ ( all7 a well ( ,engli% undefil$1 no /agnant wat]1 b quick1 runn+1 curative1 refre%+1 vivify+2 may we n agree1 ,g5tlem51 to require ! weightie/ reason :y our in/ructors %\ld cont9ue to h$ge 9 ! temple & pipe ! f\nta9 (f 9 pr(essional conduits1 =bidd+ x to irrigate freely our gr\nd ( /udy8 ,x is done s complac5tly t ,i d n rememb] to h met "o s+le argum5t put up 9 def5ce ( x2 & s ,i am r$uc$ to guess-"w4 ,:at c be ! ju/ify+ reason = an emb>go on ! face ( x s silly & arbitr>y1 if n s5seless8 ,,iii ,does x reside p]*ance 9 "s primitive in/9ct ( taboo2 ( a sup]/ition ( feti%-wor%ip f5c+ (f sacr$ ?+s z unm5tionable1 & re9=c$ by ! bad ,puritan notion t holy ?+s are by no means to be enjoy$8 ,if s1 ,i beg9 by ref]r+ y to ! ,greeks & _! attitude t[>ds ! ,hom]ic poems4 ,we1 ( c\rse1 hold ! ,old ,te/am5t m sacr$ ?an ,hom]4 ,b ,i v mu* d\bt if x be m sacr$ to u ?an ! ,iliad & ! ,odyssey 7 to an old ,a!nian1 9 8 day4 ,to ! ,greeks--& to =get ?is is ! fruitfulle/ s\rce ( error 9 deal+ ) ! ,trag$ians or ev5 ) ,ari/ophanes--to ! ,greeks1 _! religion1 su* z x 01 matt]$ enorm\sly4 ,!y built _! ,!atre ^u x1 z we mo/ c]ta9ly d n2 :i* means t x _h sunk into _! daily life & p]meat$ _! enjoym5t ( x1 z our religion c]ta9ly does n affect our life to enhance x z amus+ or pleasurable4 ,we g to ,*ur* on ,sunday1 & write x (f z an obs]vance2 b if eag] to be happy ) a free he>t1 we close e>ly & /eal a few h\rs f ! work+-day4 ,we antagonise religion & enjoym5t1 wor%ip & holiday4 ,nature be+ too /rong = any conv5tion ( ours1 c\rt%ip has ass]t$ itself z p]missible on ! ,sabba?1 if n z a ,sabbatical in/itution4 ,n[ ! ,greeks 7 j z mu* slaves to ! lett] ( _! ,hom] z any ,auld ,li*t ,eld] to ! lett] ( ,/ ,paul4 ,no "o w accuse ,plato ( be+ ov]fri5dly to poetry4 ,yet ,i believe y w f9d 9 ,plato "s #aej direct citations f ,hom]1 n to speak ( allusions scatt]$ broadca/ ?r\gh ! dialogues1 (t5 z texts = long argum5t4 ,( ^! citations & allusions an inord9ate numb] seem to u labori\sly trivial-- t is to say1 unless we put ourselves into ! ,hell5ic m9d4 ,on ! o!r h& ,plato uses o!rs to en=ce or illu/rate 8 pr(\nde/ doctr9es4 ,= an in/ance1 9 ,pha$o 7 #if7 ,socrates is argu+ t ! s\l _c be "o ) ! h>mony ( ! bodily affections1 be+ h]self ! ma/]-play] :o comm&s ! /r+s3 '--almo/ always' he says oppos+ & co]c+ !m 9 all sorts ( ways ?r\gh\t life1 sometimes m viol5tly ) ! pa9s ( m$ic9e & gymna/ic2 !n aga9 m g5tly2-- ?reat5+1 & also reprim&+ ! desires1 passions1 fe>s1 z if talk+ to a ?+ :i* is n h]self2 z ,hom] 9 ! ,odyssey repres5ts ,odysseus do+ 9 ! words ,greek3 /e?os de plexas kradi5 enipape mu?o3 tetla?i de1 kradie2 kai kynt]on allo pot etles ,he beat 8 brea/1 & ?us reproa*$ 8 he>t3 ,endure1 my he>t2 f> worse ha/ ?\ endur$4 ,d y ?9k asks ,socrates t ,hom] wrote ?is "u ! idea t ! s\l is a h>mony capable ( be+ l$ by ! affections ( ! body1 & n r ( a nature :i* %\ld lead & ma/] !m--h]self a f> div9] ?+ ?an any h>mony8 ,a ,greek1 !n1 w use ,hom]--8 ,bible--m9utely on niceties ( conduct or broadly on fir/ pr9ciples ( philosophy or religion4 ,b equally1 s9ce x is poetry all ! "t to him1 he w take--or to in/ance p>ticul> writ]s1 ,ari/otle & ! late ,greek1 ,long9us w take--a s+le hexamet] to illu/rate a m9ute trick ( /yle or turn ( phrase1 z equally he w *oose a long passage or ! :ole ,iliad1 ! :ole ,odyssey1 to illu/rate a gr& rule ( poetic con/ruction1 a fir/ pr9ciple ( ae/hetics4 ,= an example--',h]e91' says ,ari/otle1 />t+ to %[ t an ,epic poem mu/ h ,unity ( ,subject--',h]e91 to repeat :at we h said be=e1 we h a fur!r pro( ( ,hom]'s sup]iority to ! re/4 ,he did n attempt to deal ev5 ) ! ,trojan ,w> 9 its entirety1 ?\gh x 0 a :ole /ory ) a def9ite beg9n+1 middle & end-- feel+ app>5tly t x 0 too long a /ory to be tak5 9 at "o view or else ov]-complicat$ by v>iety ( incid5ts4' ,& z ,ari/otle takes ! ,iliad--8 ,bible--to illu/rate a gr& rule ( poetical con/ruction1 s ! late writ] ( 8 tradition--,long9us--w use x to exhibit ! core & ess5ce ( poetical sublimity2 z 9 8 fam\s n9? *apt]1 ( :i* ,gibbon wrote3 ,! n9? *apt] 444 ( ! ,greek3 ,,p]i ,,ups\s or ,de ,sublimitate ( ,long9us is "o ( ! f9e/ monum5ts ( antiquity4 ,till n[1 ,i 0 acqua9t$ only ) two ways ( criticis+ a beautiful passage3 ! "o1 to %[1 by an exact anatomy ( x1 ! di/9ct beauties ( x1 & :5ce !y sprung2 ! o!r1 an idle exclamation1 or a g5]al encomium1 :i* leaves no?+ beh9d x4 ,long9us has %[n me t !re is a ?ird4 ,he tells me 8 own feel+s ^u read+ x2 & tells !m ) s mu* en]gy1 t he communicates !m4 ,i almo/ d\bt :i* is m sublime1 ,hom]'s ,battle ( ! ,gods1 or ,long9us's ,apo/rophe to ,t]5tianus ^u x4 ,well1 let me quote y1 9 translation1 a s5t5ce or two f ?is *apt]1 :i* produc$ ^u ,gibbon su* an effect z almo/ to anticipate ,walt] ,pat]'s fam\s def9ition1 ',to feel ! virtue ( ! poet1 ( ! pa9t]1 to dis5gage x1 to set x =?--^! are ! ?ree /ages ( ! critic's duty4' ',else:]e1' says ,long9us1 ',i h writt5 z foll[s3 ,sublimity is ! e*o ( a great s\l4' ',sublimity is ! e*o ( a great s\l4'--,x 0 wor? repeat+ too--0 x n8 ,= x is n possible t m5 ) mean & s]vile ideas & aims prevail+ ?r\gh\t _! lives %\ld produce any?+ t is admirable & wor?y ( immortality4 ,great acc5ts we expect to fall f ! lips ( ^? ^: ?\ghts are deep & grave4444 ,he> h[ magnific5tly ,hom] speaks ( ! high] p[]s3 ',z f> z a man see? ) 8 eyes into ! haze ( di/ance z he sitte? ^u a cliff ( outlook & gaze? ov] ! w9e-d>k sea1 ev5 s f> at a b\nd leap ! neigh+ horses ( ! ,gods4' ',he makes' says ,long9us '! va/ness ( ! _w ! measure ( _! leap4' ,!n1 aft] a criticism ( ! ,battle ( ! ,gods 7too long to be quot$ "h7 he goes on3 ,mu* sup]ior to ! passages respect+ ! ,battle ( ! ,gods are ^? :i* repres5t ! div9e nature z x really is--pure & great & undefil$2 = example1 :at is said ( ,poseidon4 ,h] f>-/ret*+ ridges1 h] =e/-trees1 quak$ 9 dismay1 ,& h] peaks1 & ! ,trojans' t[n1 & ! %ips ( ,a*aia's array1 ,b5ea? 8 immortal feet1 z onw>d ,poseidon /rode4 ,!n ov] ! surges he drave3 leapt1 sport+ be=e ! ,god1 ,sea-bea/s t uprose all r\nd f ! dep?s1 = _! k+ !y knew1 ,& = rapture ! sea 0 disp>t$1 & onw>d ! c>-/e$s flew#a4 ,!n h[ does ,long9us conclude8 ,:y1 v /rangely--v /rangely inde$1 :e!r y take ! treatise to be by t ,long9us1 ! ,rhetorician & ,z5obia's advis]1 :om ! ,emp]or ,aurelian put to dea?1 or pref] to believe x ! "w ( an unkn[n h& 9 ! fir/ c5tury4 ,! treatise goes on3 ,simil>ly1 ! legislator ( ! ,jews ,moses1 no ord9>y man1 hav+ =m$ & express$ a wor?y conception ( ! might ( ! ,godhead1 writes at ! v beg9n+ ( 8 ,laws1 ',god said'--,:at8 ',let !re be light1 & !re 0 light' ,,iv ,s "h1 ,g5tlem51 y h ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 ,long9us--all ,greeks ( sep>ate /ates--m5 ( em95ce all ?ree1 & two ( surpass+ em95ce1 all ?ree & ea* 9 8 "t & turn treat+ ,hom] rev]5tly z ,holy ,writ & yet enjoy+ x lib]ally z poetry4 ,= inde$ ! true ,greek m9d _h no ?\ght to sep>ate poetry f religion1 z to ! true ,greek m9d rev]5ce & lib]ty to enjoy1 ) ! lib]ty ( m9d t helps to enjoy1 7 all tributes to ! same div9e ?+4 ,!y _h no pr(essionals1 no puritans1 to h$ge x (f ) a taboo3 & s :5 ! la/ & lea/ ( ! ?ree1 ,long9us1 comes to our ,holy ,writ--! sublime poetry 9 :i* ,*ri/5dom reads its ,god--8 op5 m9d at once recognises x z poetry & z sublime4 ',god said1 ,let !re be light3 & !re 0 light4' ,if ,long9us c\ld treat ?is z sublime poetry1 :y _c we1 :o h translat$ & made x ours8 ,v ,are we =bidd5 on ! gr\nd t our ,bible is directly inspir$8 ,well1 inspiration1 z ,sir ,william ,dav5ant obs]v$ & r wittily prov$1 9 8 ,preface to ,gondib]t1 'is a dang]\s t]m4' ,x is dang]\s ma9ly because x is a relative t]m1 a t]m ( degrees4 ,y may say def9itely ( "s ?+s t ! writ] 0 inspir$1 z y may c]tify a c]ta9 man to be mad--t is1 s ?or\ghly & conv9c+ly mad t y c ord] him "u re/ra9t4 ,b q a numb] ( u are 7z !y say 9 my "p ( ! _w7 'n exactly1' & "o or two ( u "h & !re at mom5ts may h a t\* ev5 ( inspiration4 ,s ( ! ,bible itself3 ,i suppose t few n[adays w\ld cont5d x to be all inspir$ equally4 ',no' y may say1 'n all equally3 b all ( x directly1 z no o!r book is4' ,to t ,i might answ]1 ',h[ d y "k t direct inspiration ceas$ ) ! ,revelation ( ,/ ,john ! ,div9e1 & clos$ ! book8 ,x may be3 b h[ d y "k1 & :at au?ority h y to say t ,wordswor?'s ,t9t]n ,abbey1 = example1 or ,br[n+'s great ,invocation ( ,love 0 n directly inspir$8 ,c]ta9ly ! m5 :o wrote !m 7 rapt above !mselves3 &1 if n directly1 ,:y indirectly1 & h[8' ,b ,i pause on ! edge ( a morass1 & spr+ back to firm] gr\nd4 ,our ,bible1 z we h x1 is a translation1 made by =ty-sev5 m5 & publi%$ 9 ! ye> #afaa4 ,! orig9al--& ,i am /ill on firm gr\nd because ,i am quot+ n[ f ,! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature--'ei!r proce$s f div9e inspiration1 z "s w h x1 or1 accord+ to o!rs1 is ! fruit ( ! religi\s g5ius ( ! ,hebrew race4 ,f ei!r po9t ( view ! au?ors are highly gift$ individuals' 6-- highly gift$ individuals1 :o1 not)/&+ _! div]sities1 & ! progressiv5ess obs]vable 9 _! repres5tations ( ! nature ( ,god1 are wond]fully consi/5t 9 ! ma9 t5or ( _! writ+s1 & s]ve1 9 g5]al1 = mutual confirmation & illu/ration4 ,9 "s cases1 ?is may be due to ! revision ( e>li] productions by lat] writ]s1 :i* has ?us br\ght m primitive conceptions into a degree ( con=mity ) matur] & pr(\nd] views2 b1 ev5 9 su* cases1 ! e>li] conception (t5 l5ds itself1 )\t wr5*+1 to ! deep] int]pretation & ! complet] exposition4 ,! ,bible is n di/9ctively an intellectual a*ievem5t4 ,9 all e>ne/ ,i prote/ t to write ab\t ! ,bible 9 su* a fa%ion is to demon/rate inf]5tially t x has nev] quick5$ y ) its gl[2 t1 :atev] y\r le>n+1 y h miss$ :at ! unle>n$ ,bunyan1 = example1 s admirably caught--! true wit ( ! book4 ,! writ]1 to be sure1 is deal+ ) ! orig9als4 ,let u m humbly sit at ! feet ( ! translators4 ',highly gift$ individuals1' or no1 ! sort ( ?+ ! translators wrote 0 ',& ,god said1 ,let !re be light1' ',a s[] w5t =? to s[1' ',! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 is l unto leav51 :i* a woman took1' ',! wages ( s9 is dea?1' ',! trumpet %all s\nd1' ',jesus wept1' ',dea? is swall[$ up 9 victory4' ,let me quote y = bett] enc\ragem5t1 z well z = relief1 a passage f ,mat!w ,arnold on ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion3 ,! effect ( ,hebrew poetry c be pres]v$ & transf]r$ 9 a =eign language z ! effect ( o!r great poetry _c4 ,! effect ( ,hom]1 ! effect ( ,dante1 is & mu/ be 9 great measure lo/ 9 a translation1 because _! poetry is a poetry ( metre1 or ( rhyme1 or bo?2 & ! effect ( ^! is n really transf]able4 ,a man may make a good ,engli% poem ) ! matt] & ?\ghts ( ,hom] & ,dante1 may ev5 try to reproduce _! metre1 or rhyme3 b ! metre & rhyme w be 9 tru? 8 own1 & ! effect w be 81 n ! effect ( ,hom] or ,dante4 ,isaiah's1 on ! o!r h&1 is a poetry1 z is well kn[n1 ( p>allelism2 x dep5ds n on metre & rhyme1 b on a balance ( ?\ght1 convey$ by a correspond+ balance ( s5t5ce2 & ! effect ( ?is c be transf]r$ to ano!r language4444 ,hebrew poetry has 9 addition ! effect ( assonance & o!r effects :i* _c p]haps be transf]r$2 b its ma9 effect1 its effect ( p>allelism ( ?\ght & s5t5ce1 c4 ,i take ?is f ! preface to 8 little volume 9 :i* ,arnold confesses t 8 'p>am\nt object is to get ,isaiah enjoy$4' ,,vi ,sundry m5 ( lett]s besides ,mat!w ,arnold h plead$ = a lit]>y /udy ( ! ,bible1 & specially ( our ,engli% ,v]sion1 t we may !reby enhance our enjoym5t ( ! "w itself &1 ?r\gh ?is1 enjoym5t & und]/&+ ( ! re/ ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 f #afaa d[n4 ,specially among ^! plead]s let me m5tion ,mr ,f4 ,b4 ,money-,c\tts 7n[ ,"l ,latym]7 & a ,cambridge man1 ,dr ,r4 ,g4 ,m\lton1 n[ ,pr(essor ( ,lit]>y ,!ory & ,int]pretation 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,( bo? ^! writ]s ,i %all h some?+ to say4 ,b fir/ & g5]ally1 if y ask me :y all _! pleas h n yet prevail$1 ,i w give y my own answ]--! fault z usual lies 9 ourselves--9 our own tam5ess & incuriosity4 ,!re is no real tr\ble ) ! taboo set up by pr(essionals & puritans1 if we h ! c\rage to walk pa/ x z ,*ri/ian walk$ betwe5 ! lions2 no real tyranny we c\ld n ov]?r[1 if x 7 wor? :ile1 ) a pu%2 no ne$ at all = u to wrea! our sword 9 myrtle b\ghs4' ,:at tyranny exi/s has gr[n up ?r\gh ! q well-mean+ lab\rs ( q well-mean+ m53 &1 z ,i />t$ ?is lecture by say+1 ,i h nev] he>d any s]i\s reason giv5 :y we %\ld n include portions ( ! ,engli% ,bible 9 our ,engli% ,tripos1 if we *oose4 ,nos te1 ,nos facimus1 ,scriptura1 deam4 ,!n :y don't we *oose8 ,to answ] ?is1 we mu/ 7,i sugge/7 seek some:at fur!r back4 ,! ,bible--t is to say ! body ( ! old ,hebrew ,lit]ature clo!d = u 9 ,engli%--comes to u 9 our *ildhood4 ,b h[ does x come8 ,let me1 amplify+ a h9t f ,dr ,m\lton1 ask y to imag9e a volume includ+ ! great books ( our own lit]ature all b\nd toge!r 9 "s su* ord] z ?is3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,d>w9's ,desc5t ( ,man1 ,! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ronicle1 ,walt] ,map1 ,mill ,on ,lib]ty1 ,hook]'s ,ecclesia/ical ,polity1 ,! ,annual ,regi/]1 ,froiss>t1 ,adam ,smi?'s ,weal? ( ,nations1 ,domesday ,book1 ,le ,morte d',ar?ur1 ,campbell's ,lives ( ! ,"l ,*ancellors1 ,boswell's ,johnson1 ,b>b\r's ,! ,bruce1 ,hakluyt's ,voyages1 ,cl>5don1 ,macaulay1 ! plays ( ,%akespe>e1 ,%elley's ,prome!us ,unb\nd1 ,! ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ,palgrave's ,gold5 ,treasury1 ,bacon's ,essays1 ,sw9burne's ,poems & ,ballads1 ,fitz,gerald's ,om> ,khayym1 ,wordswor?1 ,br[n+1 ,s>tor ,res>tus1 ,burton's ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly1 ,burke's ,lett]s on a ,regicide ,peace1 ,ossian1 ,pi]s ,pl[man1 ,burke's ,?\ghts on ! ,pres5t ,discont5ts1 ,qu>les1 ,newman's ,apologia1 ,donne's ,s]mons1 ,rusk91 ,blake1 ,! ,des]t$ ,village1 ,manfr$1 ,blair's ,grave1 ,! ,compla9t ( ,deor1 ,bailey's ,fe/us1 ,?ompson's ,h\nd ( ,heav54 ,w y next imag9e t 9 ?is volume mo/ ( ! au?or's names are lo/2 t1 ( ! few t survive1 a numb] h f\nd _! way into wrong places2 t ,rusk9 = example is cr$it$ ) ,s>tor ,res>tus1 t ,laus ,v5]is & ,dolores are ascrib$ to ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ,! ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly to ,*>les ,,ii2 & t1 z = ! titles1 ^! 7 nev] inv5t$ by ! au?ors1 b by a ,committee8 ,w y /ill g on to imag9e t all ! poetry is pr9t$ z prose2 :ile all ! long p>agraphs ( prose are brok5 up into %ort v]ses1 s t !y resemble ! little passages set out = p>s+ or analysis 9 an exam9ation pap]8 ,?is device1 z y "k1 0 fir/ inv5t$ by ! exil$ translators :o publi%$ ! ,g5eva ,bible 7z x is call$7 9 #aeeg2 & = pulpit use1 = h&9ess ( ref]5ce1 = 'wal+ a portion1' x has its obvi\s advantages3 b x is1 aft] all & at ! be/1 a v primitive device3 &1 = my "p1 ,i consid] x ! deadlie/ inv5tion ( all = robb+ ! book ( outw>d resemblance to lit]ature & conv]t+ x to ! aspect ( a gazette]--a biblion a-biblion1 z ,*>les ,lamb puts x4 ,h we done8 ,by no means4 ,hav+ effect$ all ?is1 let u pepp] ! result ov] ) italics & num]als1 pr9t x 9 d\ble columns1 ) a m>g9al gutt] on ei!r side1 ea* gutt] p\r+ d[n an inky fl[ ( ref]5ces & cross ref]5ces4 ,!n1 & n till !n1 is ! outw>d disguise complete--s f> z y are conc]n$4 ,x rema9s only !n to appo9t x to be read 9 ,*ur*es1 & oblige ! *ild to get select$ portions ( x by he>t on ,sundays4 ,b y are yet to imag9e t ! au?ors !mselves h tak5 a h& 9 ! game3 t ! lat] ones suppose all ! e>li] ones to h be5 pr$ict+ all ! "t 9 a nebul\s fa%ion :at !y !mselves h to tell1 & inde$ to h writt5 ma9ly ) t object3 s t ,macaulay & ,adam ,smi?1 = example1 con/antly int]rupt ! ?read ( _! disc\rse to affirm t :at !y tell u mu/ be "r because ,walt] ,map or ! au?or ( ,pi]s ,pl[man =etold x ages be=e4 ,n[ a gr[n man--t is to say1 a comp>atively unimpressionable man--t is aga9 to say1 a man pa/ ! age :5 to enjoy ! ,bible is priceless--has probably f\nd out someh[ t ! ^w prophet does n 79 spite ( vulg> usage7 mean 'a man :o pr$icts4' ,he has exp]i5c$ too _m prophets ( t k9d-- especially s9ce #aiad--;& he respects ,isaiah too mu* to rank ,isaiah among !m4 ,he has be5 9 love1 belike2 he has read ! ,song ( ,solomon3 he v mu* d\bts if1 on ! evid5ce1 ,solomon 0 ! k9d ( lov] to h writt5 t ,song1 & he is q c]ta9 t :5 ! lov] s+s to 8 belov$3 ,?y two brea/s are l two "y roes t are tw9s4 ,?y neck is z a t[] ( ivory2 ?9e eyes l ! fi%pools 9 ,he%bon1 by ! gate ( ,ba?-rabbim4 --he kn[s1 ,i say1 t ?is is n a description ( ! ,*ur* & h] graces1 z ! *apt]-head+ audaci\sly ass]ts4 ,b he is lazy2 too lazy ev5 to comm5d ! ,revis$ ,v]sion = /rik+ ,solomon out ( ! ,bible1 call+ ! poem ,! ,song ( ,songs1 omitt+ ! absurd *apt]-head+s1 & pr9t+ ! poetry z poetry ought to be pr9t$4 ,! old-fa%ion$ arrangem5t 0 good en\gh = him4 ,or he goes to *ur* on ,*ri/mas ,day & li/5s to a fir/ lesson1 ( :i* ! old translators made nons5se1 &1 9 two passages at lea/1 />k nons5se4 ,b1 aga91 ! old nons5se is good en\gh = him2 soo?+ 9 fact4 ,he is n ev5 q sure t ! ,bible1 look+ l any o!r book1 ought to be put 9 ! h&s ( ! "y4 ,9 all ?is ,i ?9k he is wrong4 ,i am sure he is wrong if our cont5tion be "r1 t ! ,engli% ,bible %\ld be /udi$ by u all = its poetry & its wond]ful language z well z = its religion--! religion & ! poetry be+ 9 fact insep>able4 ,= !n1 9 ,euripides' phrase1 we %\ld clo! ! ,bible 9 a dress ?r\gh :i* its beauty might be/ %9e4 ,,vii ,if y ask me ,h[8 ,i answ]--fir/ begg+ y to be> 9 m9d t we are plann+ ! =m ( ! book = our purpose1 & t o!r =ms w be us$ = o!r purposes--t we %\ld />t ) ! simple/ alt]ations1 su* z ^!3 7#a7 ,! books %\ld be re-arrang$ 9 _! "r ord]1 s f> z ?is c be asc]ta9$ 7& mu* ( x has be5 asc]ta9$74 ,i am told1 & ,i c well believe1 t ?is w\ld at a /roke cle> away a mass ( confusion 9 /rictly ,biblical criticism4 ,b t is n my bus9ess4 ,i "k t x w\ld imm5sely help our lit]>y /udy4 7#b7 ,i %\ld pr9t ! prose cont9u\sly1 z prose is ord9>ily & prop]ly pr9t$3 & ! poetry 9 v]se l9es1 z poetry is ord9>ily & prop]ly pr9t$4 ,& ,i %\ld pr9t ea* on a page ( "o column1 ) none b ! necess>y notes & ref]5ces1 & ^! s arrang$ t !y did n tease & di/ract ! eye4 7#c7 ,?is arrangem5t %\ld be kept1 :e!r = ! ,tripos we prescribe a book 9 ! ,au?oris$ text or 9 ! ,revis$4 ,z a rule1 p]haps--or z a rule = "s ye>s to come--we %all probably rely on ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion3 b = "s books 7& ,i in/ance ,job7 we %\ld und\bt$ly pref] ! ,revis$4 7#d7 ,) ! v]se we %\ld1 ,i hold1 g f>!r ev5 ?an ! ,revis]s4 ,z y "k1 mu* ( ! poetry 9 ! ,bible1 especially ( su* z 0 meant = music1 is compos$ 9 /anzaic =m1 or 9 /rophe & anti-/rophe1 ) prelude & conclusion1 sometimes ) a *oral refra94 ,we %\ld pr9t ^!1 ,i cont5d1 9 _! prop] =m1 j z we %\ld pr9t an ,engli% poem 9 its prop] =m4 ,i %all conclude to-day ) a /rik+ in/ance ( ?is1 ) f\r /rophes f ! #ajg? ,psalm1 tak+ leave to use at w ! ,au?oris$1 ! ,revis$ & ! ,cov]dale ,v]sions4 ,ea* /rophe1 y w note1 has a d\ble refra94 ,z ,dr ,m\lton po9ts out1 ! "o puts up a cry = help1 ! o!r an ejaculation ( praise aft] ! help has come4 ,ea* refra9 has a sequel v]se1 :i* appropriately *anges ! motive & sets t ( ! next /anza3 7i7 ,!y w&]$ 9 ! wild]ness 9 a solit>y way2 ,!y f\nd no city to dwell 94 ,hungry & ?ir/y1 ,_! s\l fa9t$ 9 !m4 ,!n !y cri$ unto ! ,"l 9 _! tr\ble1 ,& he deliv]$ !m out ( _! di/resses4 ,he l$ !m =? by a /raight way1 ,t !y might g to a city ( habitation4 ,oh t m5 w\ld praise ! ,"l = 8 goodness1 ,& = 8 wond]ful works to ! *ildr5 ( m56 ,= he satisfie? ! long+ s\l1 ,& fille? ! hungry s\l ) goodness4 7ii7 ,su* z sit 9 d>kness1 & 9 ! %ad[ ( dea?1 ,be+ b\nd 9 affliction & iron2 ,because !y rebell$ aga9/ ! words ( ,god1 ,& contemn$ ! c\nsel ( ! mo/ ,high3 ,!re=e he br\ght d[n _! he>t ) lab\r2 ,!y fell d[n1 & !re 0 none to help4 ,!n !y cri$ unto ! ,"l 9 _! tr\ble1 ,& he sav$ !m out ( _! di/resses4 ,he br\ght !m out ( d>kness & ! %ad[ ( dea?1 ,& brake _! b&s 9 sund]4 ,oh t m5 w\ld praise ! ,"l = 8 goodness1 ,& = 8 wond]ful works to ! *ildr5 ( m56 ,= he ha? brok5 ! gates ( brass1 ,& cut ! b>s ( iron 9 sund]4 7iii7 ,fools because ( _! transgression1 ,& because ( _! iniquities1 are afflict$1 ,_! s\l abhorre? all mann] ( meat2 ,& !y draw ne> unto dea?'s door4 ,!n !y cry unto ! ,"l 9 _! tr\ble1 ,& he save? !m out ( _! di/resses4 ,he s5de? 8 ^w & heale? !m1 ,& deliv]e? !m f _! de/ructions4 ,oh t m5 w\ld praise ! ,"l = 8 goodness1 ,& = 8 wond]ful works to ! *ildr5 ( m56 ,& let !m (f] ! sacrifices ( ?anksgiv+1 ,& decl>e 8 works ) s++3 7iv7 ,!y t g d[n to ! sea 9 %ips1 ,t d bus9ess 9 great wat]s2 ,^! see ! works ( ! ,"l1 ,& 8 wond]s 9 ! deep4 ,= he comm&e?1 & raise? ! /ormy w9d1 ,:i* lifte? up ! waves !re(4 ,!y m\nt up to ! heav51 ,!y g d[n aga9 to ! dep?s2 ,_! s\l melte? away because ( tr\ble4 ,!y reel to & fro1 ,& /agg] l a drunk5 man1 ,& are at _! wits' end4 ,!n !y cry unto ! ,"l 9 _! tr\ble1 ,& he br+e? !m out ( _! di/resses4 ,he make? ! /orm a calm1 ,s t ! waves !re( are /ill4 ,!n are !y glad because !y be quiet2 ,s he br+e? !m unto ! hav5 :]e !y w\ld be4 ,oh t m5 w\ld praise ! ,"l = 8 goodness1 ,& = 8 wond]ful works to ! *ildr5 ( m56 ,let !m exalt him also 9 ! assembly ( ! p1 ,& praise him 9 ! seat ( ! eld]s6 ,footnote #a3 ,i borr[ ! v]se & 9 "p ! prose ( ,pr(essor ,w4 ,rhys ,rob]ts' translation4 ,,lecture ,x ,,on ,,read+ ,,! ,,bible 7,,iii7 ,,monday1 ,,may #f1 #aiah ,i ,my task to-day1 ,g5tlem51 is ma9ly practical3 to *oose a p>ticul> book ( ,scripture & %[ 7if ,i c7 n only t x des]ves to be enjoy$1 9 its ,engli% r5d]+1 z a lit]>y ma/]piece1 because x abides 9 t dress1 an indisputable classic = u1 z surely z if x _h fir/ be5 compos$ 9 ,engli%2 b t x c1 = purposes ( /udy1 s]ve ! purpose ( any true lit]>y s*ool ( ,engli% z readily1 & z usefully1 z ! ,prologue to ,! ,cant]bury ,tales or ,hamlet or ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,i %all *oose ,! ,book ( ,job = sev]al reasons1 pres5tly to be giv52 b beg y to und]/& t1 :ile tak+ x = a /rik+ illu/ration1 ,i use x b to illu/rate2 t :at may be done ) ,job may1 9 degree1 be done ) ,ru?1 ) ,e/h]1 ) ! ,psalms1 ,! ,song ( ,songs1 ,ecclesia/es2 ) ,isaiah ( ,j]usalem1 ,ezekiel1 sundry ( ! prophets2 ev5 ) ,/ ,luke's ,gospel or ,/ ,paul's lett]s to ! ,*ur*es4 ,my fir/ reason1 !n1 = *oos+ ,job has already be5 giv54 ,x is ! mo/ /rik+ illu/ration to be f\nd4 ,_m ( ! ,psalms t\* p]fection z lyrical /ra9s3 ( ! ec/acy ( passion 9 love ,i suppose ,! ,song ( ,songs to express ! v la/ ^w4 ,!re are *apt]s ( ,isaiah t snat* ! v s\l & ravi% x al(t4 ,9 no lit]ature kn[n to me are %ort /ories told ) su* sweet au/]ity ( art z 9 ! ,gospel p>ables--,i c ev5 imag9e a high & le>n$ arti/ 9 words1 aft] reject+ !m z div9e on _m gr\nds1 surr5d]+ 9 ! end to _! div9e arti/ry4 ,b = high s]i\sness comb9$ ) ar*itectonic treatm5t on a great scale2 = sublimity ( conception1 work+ malleably )9 a /ructure :i* is simple1 sev]e1 complete1 hav+ a beg9n+1 a middle & an end2 = diction nev] less ?an adequate1 con/antly "r & !re=e n seldom sup]b1 z !me1 ?\ght & utt]ance so> up toge!r & make "o miracle1 ,i c "n no s+le book ( ! ,bible to comp>e ) ,job4 ,my second reason is t ! poem1 be+ brief1 comp5di\s & q simple 9 /ructure1 c be h&ily exp\nd$2 ,job is :at ,milton precisely call$ x1 'a brief model4' ,& my ?ird reason 7:i* ,i mu/ n hide7 is t two writ]s :om ,i m5tion$ 9 my la/ lecture ,"l ,latym] & ,pr(essor ,r4 ,g4 ,m\lton--h already done ?is = me4 ,a man :o drives at practice mu/ use ! tools o!r m5 h made1 s he use !m ) due ackn[l$gm5t2 & ?is ackn[l$gm5t ,i pay by ref]r+ y to ,book ,,ii ( ,"l ,latym]'s ,! ,poet's ,*>t]1' & to ! analysis ( ,job ) :i* ,pr(essor ,m\lton introduces 8 ,lit]>y ,/udy ( ! ,bible4' ,,ii ,b ,i h a f\r? reason1 out ( :i* ,i might make an app>5t fif? by pres5t+ x to y 9 two diff]5t ways4 ,^? eld]s ( y :o h foll[$ c]ta9 e>li] lectures ',on ! ,art ( ,writ+' may rememb] t !y set v little /ore ^u metre z a divid+ l9e betwe5 poetry & prose1 & no /ore at all ^u rhyme4 ,i am tempt$ to-day to g f>!r1 & to ma9ta9 t1 ! l>g]1 ! sublim]1 y\r subject is1 ! m imp]t95t rhyme becomes to x3 & t ?is imp]t95ce increases 9 a sort ( geometrical progression z y advance f monosyllabic to dissyllabic & on to trisyllabic rhyme4 ,let me put ?is by a s]ies ( examples4 ,we />t ) no rhyme at all3 ,hail1 holy ,light1 (fspr+ ( ,heav5 fir/ born6 ,or ( ! ,et]nal coet]nal beam ,may ,i express !e unblam$8 s9ce ,god is light1 ,& nev] b 9 unapproa*$ light ,dwelt f et]nity4 ,we feel ( ?is1 z we feel ( a great passage 9 ,hamlet or ,le>1 t "h is v]se at once capable ( ! highe/ sublimity & capable ( su/a9+ its !me1 ( lift+ & l[]+ x at w1 ) endless res\rce 9 ! slide & pause ( ! caesura1 to c>ry x on & on4 ,we feel x to be adequate1 too1 = q pla9 /raight=w>d n>rative1 z 9 ?is passage f ,bald] ,dead3 ,b f ! hill ( ,lidskialf ,od9 rose1 ,! ?rone1 f :i* 8 eye surveys ! _w2 ,& m\nt$ ,sleipn]1 & 9 d>kness rode ,to ,asg>d4 ,& ! />s came out 9 heav51 ,high ov] ,asg>d1 to light home ! ,k+4 ,b fi]cely ,od9 gallop'd1 mov$ 9 he>t2 ,& swift to ,asg>d1 to ! gate1 he came4 ,& t]ribly ! ho(s ( ,sleipn] rang ,along ! fl9ty floor ( ,asg>d /reets1 ,& ! ,gods trembl$ on _! gold5 b$s-- ,he>+ ! wra?ful ,fa!r com+ home-- ,= dread1 = l a :irlw9d1 ,od9 came4 ,& to ,valhalla's gate he rode1 & left ,sleipn]2 & ,sleipn] w5t to 8 own /all3 ,& 9 ,valhalla ,od9 laid him d[n4 ,n[ ( rhyme he 7 a fool :o1 ) ,lycidas1 or ,gray's ,elegy1 or c]ta9 *oruses ( ,prome!us ,unb\nd1 or page aft] page ( ,victor ,hugo 9 8 m9d1 %\ld ass]t x to be 9 itself inimical1 or a h9drance1 or ev5 less ?an a help1 to sublimity2 or :o1 ) ,dante 9 8 m9d1 %\ld ass]t x to be1 9 itself1 any b> to cont9u\s & su/a9$ sublimity4 ,b languages diff] va/ly 9 _! weal? ( rhyme1 & diff] out ( any proportion to _! weal? 9 words3 ,engli% = in/ance be+ inf9itely ri*] ?an ,italian 9 vocabul>y1 yet almo/ ridicul\sly poor] 9 dissyllabic1 or fem99e rhymes4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ,i %\ld say t 9 proportion to its wond]ful vocabul>y1 ,engli% is poor ev5 9 s+le rhymes2 t ! words 'love1' 'tru?1' ',god1' = example1 h li/s ( possible cong5]s s limit$ t ! m9d1 he>+ ! ^w 'love1' runs =w>d to mat* x ) 'dove' or 'above' or ev5 ) 'move'3 & ?is gives x a s5se ( arre/1 ( li/5+1 ( *eck1 ( wait+1 :i* alike imp$es ! fl[ ( ,pope 9 imitat+ ,hom]1 & ( ,sp5s] 9 essay+ a sublime & cont9u\s /ory ( 8 own4 ,x does well en\gh to c>ry ,*auc] ov] any gap ) a '=soo? z ,i y say' or '=soo? z ,i y tell'3 b x does s at a total co/ ( ! sublime4 ,& ?is 7,i ?9k7 0 really at ! back ( ,milton's m9d :5 9 ! preface to ,p>adise ,lo/ he *ampion$ blank v]se aga9/ '! j+l+ s\nd ( l end+s4' ,b :5 we pass f s+le rhymes to d\ble1 ( :i* ,dante _h an inexhau/ible /ore1 we f9d ! ,engli% poet almo/ a paup]2 s ne>ly a paup] t he has to a*ieve ea* new rhyme by a trick--:i* trick+ is fatal to rapture1 alike 9 ! poet & ! he>]4 ,let me in/ance a poem :i*1 plann$ = sublimity1 keeps tumbl+ flat ^u e>? ?r\gh ! inh]5t fault ( ! ma*9e--,i mean ,my]s's ,/ ,paul--a poem :i*1 f9ely conceiv$1 pond]$1 work$ & re-work$ ^u 9 edition aft] edition1 0 f ! fir/ condemn$ 7to my m9d7 by ! te*nical b> ( dissyllabic rhyme :i* ! poet unhappily *ose4 ,i take "o ( its mo/ deeply felt passages--t ( ,/ ,paul prote/+ aga9/ 8 conv]sion be+ tak5 = in/antane\s1 :olly acc\nt$ = by ! miracul\s vision relat$ 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les3 ,let no man ?9k t sudd5 9 a m9ute ,all is accompli%$ & ! "w is done2-- ,?\gh ) ?9e e>lie/ dawn ?\ %\ld/ beg9 x ,sc>ce 7 x end$ 9 ?y sett+ sun4 ,oh ! regret1 ! /ruggle & ! fail+6 ,oh ! days desolate & useless ye>s6 ,v[s 9 ! night1 s fi]ce & unavail+6 ,/+s ( my %ame & passion ( my te>s6 ,h[ h ,i se5 9 ,araby ,orion1 ,se5 )\t see+1 till he set aga91 ,kn[n ! night-noise & ?und] ( ! lion1 ,sil5ce & s\nds ( ! prodigi\s pla96 ,h[ h ,i knelt ) arms ( my aspir+ ,lift$ all night 9 irresponsive air1 ,daz$ & amaz$ ) ov]mu* desir+1 ,blank ) ! utt] agony ( pray]6 ',:at1' ye w say1 & ?\ :o at ,damascus ,sawe/ ! spl5d\r1 answ]$/ ! ,voice2 ,s ha/ ?\ suff]$ & can/ d>e to ask u1 ,paul ( ! ,romans1 bidd+ u rejoice8' ,y _c say ,i h in/anc$ a passage any?+ %ort ( f9e4 ,b d y n feel t a man :o is se>*+ = a rhyme to ,damascus has n really ! "t to cry ',abba1 fa!r'8 ,is n y\r own rapture int]rupt$ by "s wond] ',h[ w he br+ x (f'8 ,& :5 he has se>*$ & contriv$ to ask u1' are we responsive to ! ec/acy8 ,has he n--if ,i may employ an ,ori5tal trope = once--let 9 ! *ill brea? ( clev]ness ^u ! g>d5 ( beatitude8 ,no man c be clev] & ec/atic at ! same mom5t#a4 ,z = triple rhymes--rhymes ( ! com$ian :o _h a lot o' news ) _m curi\s facts ab\t ! squ>e on ! hypot5use1 or ! cassi[>y :o ate ! mission>y on ! pla9s ( ,timbuctoo1 ) ,bible1 pray]-book1 hymn-book too--!y are = ! faceti\s1 & remov$1 z f> z geometrical progression c remove !m1 f any ,p>adise ,lo/ or ,rega9$4 ,x may s\nd a g5u9e note1 n[ & !n3 ,alas6 = ! r>ity ,( ,*ri/ian *>ity ,"u ! sun6 ,oh1 x 0 pitiful6 ,ne> a :ole city full1 ,home %e _h none6 ,b n (t53 &1 ,i ?9k1 nev] b 9 lyric4 ,,iii ,s mu*1 !n1 = rhyme4 ,we w approa* ! "q ( metre1 help$ or unhelp$ by rhyme1 9 ano!r way2 & a way yet m practical4 ,:5 ,milton 7det]m9$ to write a gr& epic7 0 ca/+ ab\t = 8 subject1 he _h a m9d = "s :ile to attempt ! /ory ( ,job4 ,y may f9d evid5ce = ?is 9 a ,,ms pres]v$ "h 9 ,tr9ity ,college ,libr>y4 ,y w f9d pr9t$ evid5ce 9 a passage ( 8 ,reason ( ,*ur* ,gov]nm5t3 ',"t s]ves n n[1' he writes1 '& p]haps ,i might seem too pr(use to give any c]ta9 acc\nt ( :at ! m9d at home1 9 ! spaci\s circuits ( h] mus+1 ha? lib]ty to propose to h]self1 ?\gh ( highe/ hope & h>de/ attempt+2 :e!r t epic =m :]e( ! two poems ( ,hom]1 & ^? o!r two ( ,virgil & ,tasso1 are a diffuse1 & ! book ( ,job a brief model 444' ,aga91 we "k ,job to h be5 "o ( ! ?ree /ories m$itat$ by ,%elley z !mes = great lyrical dramas1 ! o!r two be+ ! madness ( ,tasso & ,prome!us ,unb\nd4 ,%elley nev] ab&on$ ?is idea ( a lyrical drama on ,job2 & if ,milton ab&on$ ! idea ( an epic1 !re are passages 9 ,p>adise ,lo/ z !re are passages 9 ,prome!us ,unb\nd t might well h be5 writt5 = ?is o!r /ory4 ,take ! l9es ,:y am ,i mock'd ) dea?1 & l5g!n'd out ,to dea?less pa98 ,h[ gladly w\ld ,i meet ,mortality my s5t5ce1 & be e>? ,ins5sible6 h[ glad w\ld lay me d[n ,z 9 my "m's lap6 ,!re ,i %\ld re/ ,& sleep secure2444 ,:at is ?is1 z ,"l ,latym] asks1 b an e*o ( ,job's words8-- ,= n[ %\ld ,i h li5 d[n & be5 quiet2 ,i %\ld h slept2 !n _h ,i be5 at re/3 ,) k+s & c\nsell]s ( ! e>?1 ,:i* built desolate places = !mselves 444 ,!re ! wick$ cease f tr\bl+2 ,& !re ! we>y be at re/4 ,!re is no ne$ = me to po9t out h[ exactly1 ?\gh f two ne>ly opposite angles1 ! /ory ( ,job w\ld hit ! philosophy ( ,milton & ! philosophy ( ,%elley to ! v he>t4 ,:at is ! /ory ( ! afflict$ patri>* b a direct *all5ge to a prote/ant l ,milton 7,i use ! ^w 9 its /rict s5se7 to ju/ify ! ways ( ,god to man8 ,x is ! v purpose1 9 sum1 ( ! ,book ( ,job1 z x is ! v purpose1 9 sum1 ( ,p>adise ,lo/3 & s9ce bo? poems c only "w out ! ju/ification by long argum5tative spee*es1 bo? poems lam5tably fail z real solutions ( ! difficulty4 ,to ?is ,i %all recur1 & "h m]ely obs]ve t qui s' excuse s' accuse3 a ,god :o c only expla9 himself by ! help ( long-w9d$ scold+1 or ( long-w9d$ advocacy1 ?\gh he employ an ar*angel = advocate1 has giv5 away ! half ( 8 case by ! implicit admission t !re are two sides to ! "q4 ,& :5 we h put aside ! poetical ineptitude ( a ,creator driv5 to apology1 x rema9s t to ,%elley ! ,jehovah :o1 = a sort ( wag]1 all[$ ,satan to torture ,job m]ely = ! game ( te/+ him1 w\ld be no bett] ?an any o!r tyrant2 w\ld be a miscreant ,creator1 abom9able z ! ,zeus ( ! ,prome!us ,unb\nd4 ,n[ y may urge t ,milton & ,%elley dropp$ ,job = h]o because bo? felt him to be a m]ely /atic figure3 & t ! "o *ose ,satan1 ! rebel angel1 ! o!r *ose ,prome!us ! rebel ,titan1 because bo? are active rebels1 & z epic & drama require action1 ea* ( ^! h]oes makes ! ?+ move2 t ,satan & ,prome!us are n passive suff]]s l ,job b s\ls z quick & fi]y z ,byron's ,lucif]3 ,s\ls :o d>e use _! immortality-- ,s\ls :o d>e look ! ,omnipot5t tyrant 9 ,8 ev]la/+ face1 & tell him t ,8 evil is n good4 ,v well1 urge ?is3 urge x ) all y\r might4 ,all ! :ile y w be do+ j :at ,i desire y to d1 us+ ,job alongside ,prome!us ,unb\nd & ,p>adise ,lo/ z a comp>ative "w ( lit]ature4 ,b1 if y ask me = my own op9ion :y ,milton & ,%elley dropp$ _! int5tion to make poems on ! ,book ( ,job1 x is t !y no soon] tackl$ x ?an !y f\nd x to be a magnific5t poem already1 & a poem on :i*1 ) all _! g5ius1 !y f\nd !mselves unable to improve4 ,i want y to realise a ?+ mo/ simple1 demon/rable by five m9utes ( practice1 yet s confus$ by conv5tional notions ( :at poetry is t ,i d>e say x to be equally demon/rable t ,milton & ,%elley discov]$ x only by exp]im5t4 ,does ?is appe> to y a bold ?+ to say ( s trem5d\s an arti/ z ,milton8 ,well1 ( c\rse x w\ld be cruel to quote 9 pro( 8 p>aphrases ( ,psalms cxiv & cxxxvi3 to set aga9/ ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion's ,:5 ,israel w5t out ( ,egypt1 ,! h\se ( ,jacob f a p ( /range language su* pomposity z ,:5 ! ble/ se$ ( ,t]ah's fai?ful son ,aft] long toil _! lib]ty _h won-- or aga9/ ,o give ?anks4444 ,to him t /ret*$ out ! e>? above ! wat]s3 = 8 m]cy endure? = ev]4 ,to him t made great lights3 = 8 m]cy endure? = ev] su* /uff z ,:o did ! solid e>? orda9 ,to rise above ! wat]y pla92 ,= 8 m]cies aye endure1 ,ev] fai?ful1 ev] sure4 ,:o1 by 8 all-comm&+ might1 ,did fill ! new-made _w ) light2 ,= 8 m]cies aye endure1 ,ev] fai?ful1 ev] sure4 v]ses yet fur!r weak5$ by ! late ,sir ,william ,bak] = ,hymns ,anci5t & ,mod]n4 ,x 7 cruel1 ,i say1 to condemn ^! attempts z little above ^? ( ,/]nhold & ,hopk9s1 or ev5 ( ^? ( ,tate & ,brady3 = ,milton made !m at fifte5 ye>s old1 & he :o aft]w>ds consecrat$ 8 y\? to poetry soon le>n$ to "k bett]4 ,& yet1 be>+ 9 m9d ! passages 9 ,p>adise ,lo/ & ,p>adise ,rega9$ :i* p>aphrase ! ,scriptural n>rative1 ,i _c =be> ! suspicion t1 ?\gh z an arti/ he _h ! in/9ct to feel x1 he nev] q won to kn[+ ! simple fact t ! ?+ _h already be5 done & surpass+ly well done3 he1 :o did s mu* to lib]ate poetry f rhyme--he--ev5 he :o 9 ! gr& *oruses ( ,samson ,agoni/es did s mu* to lib]ate x f /rict metre nev] q realis$1 be+ hag-ridd5 by ! feti% t rides betwe5 two panni]s1 ! sacr$ & ! pr(ane1 t ?is translation ( ,job already belongs to ! category ( poetry1 is poetry1 already above metre1 & 9 rhy?m f> on its way to ! insurpassable4 ,if rhyme be all[$ to t greate/ ( arts1 if metre1 is n rhy?m above bo? = h] s]vice8 ,he> 9 a s5t5ce h[ ?is poem uplifts ! rhy?m ( ! ,vulgate3 ,ecce1 ,deus magnus v9c5s sci5tiam no/ram2 num]us annorum ejus ine/imabilis6 ,b he>1 9 a long] passage1 h[ our ,engli% rhy?m sw+s & sways to ! ,hebrew p>allels3 ,surely !re is a m9e = silv]1 ,& a place = gold :i* !y ref9e4 ,iron is tak5 out ( ! e>?1 ,& brass is molt5 out ( ! /one4 ,man sette? an end to d>kness1 ,& se>*e? out to ! fur!/ b\nd ,! /ones ( ?ick d>kness & ( ! %ad[ ( dea?4 ,he breake? op5 a %aft away f :]e m5 soj\rn2 ,!y are =gott5 ( ! foot t passe? by2 ,!y hang af> f m51 !y sw+ to & fro4 ,z = ! e>?1 out ( x come? bread3 ,& und]nea? x is turn$ up z x 7 by fire4 ,! atones !re( are ! place ( sapphires1 ,& x ha? du/ ( gold4 ,t pa? no bird ( prey kn[e?1 ,nei!r ha? ! falcon's eye se5 x3 ,! pr\d bea/s h n trodd5 x1 ,nor ha? ! fi]ce lion pass$ !reby4 ,he putte? =? 8 h& ^u ! fl9ty rock2 ,he ov]turne? ! m\nta9s by ! roots4 ,he cutte? out *annels among ! rocks2 ,& 8 eye see? e preci\s ?+4 ,he b9de? ! /reams t !y trickle n2 ,& ! ?+ t is hid br+e? he =? to light4 ,b :]e %all wisdom be f\nd8 ,& :]e is ! place ( und]/&+8 ,man kn[e? n ! price !re(2 ,nei!r is x f\nd 9 ! l& ( ! liv+4 ,! deep sai?1 ,x is n 9 me3 ,& ! sea sai?1 ,x is n ) me4 ,x _c be gott5 = gold1 ,nei!r %all silv] be weigh$ = ! price !re(4 ,x _c be valu$ ) ! gold ( ,ophir1 ,) ! preci\s onyx1 or ! sapphire4 ,gold & glass _c equal x3 ,nei!r %all ! ex*ange !re( be jewels ( f9e gold4 ,no m5tion %all be made ( coral or ( cry/al3 ,yea1 ! price ( wisdom is above rubies4 ,! topaz ( ,e?iopia %all n equal x1 ,nei!r %all x be valu$ ) pure gold4 ,:5ce !n come? wisdom8 ,& :]e is ! place ( und]/&+8 ,see+ x is hid f ! eyes ( all liv+1 ,& kept close f ! f[ls ( ! air4 ,de/ruction & ,dea? say1 ,we h he>d a rum\r !re( ) our e>s4 ,god und]/&e? ! way !re(1 ,& he kn[e? ! place !re(4 ,= he looke? to ! ends ( ! e>?1 ,& see? "u ! :ole heav52 ,to make a weight = ! w9d2 ,yea1 he mete? out ! wat]s by measure4 ,:5 he made a decree = ! ra91 ,& a way = ! lightn+ ( ! ?und]3 ,!n did he see x1 & decl>e x2 ,he e/abli%$ x1 yea1 & se>*$ x out4 ,& unto man he said1 ,behold1 ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 t is wisdom2 ,& to dep>t f evil is und]/&+4 ,is t poetry8 ,surely x is poetry4 ,c y improve x ) ! embelli%m5ts ( rhyme & /rict scansion8 ,well1 sundry bold m5 h tri$1 & ,i w *oose1 = y\r judgm5t1 ! r5d]+ ( a "p ( ! above passage by "o :o is by no means ! wor/ ( !m--a h>dy anonym\s ,scotsman4 ,8 v]sion 0 publi%$ at ,falkirk 9 #ahfi3 ,8 h& on ! rock ! adv5tur] puts1 ,& m\nta9s entire ov]turns by ! roots2 ,new riv]s 9 rocks are en*as$ by 8 might1 ,& ev]y?+ preci\s reveal$ to 8 sight2 ,! floods f o'er-fl[+ he b9de? at w1 ,& ! ?+ t is hid br+e? =? by 8 skill4 ,b :]e real wisdom is f\nd c he %ew8 ,or ! place und]/&+ inhabite?8 ,no6 ,m5 "k n ! value1 ! price ( ?is gem2 ',tis n f\nd 9 ! l& ( ! liv+ ) !m4 ,x is n 9 me1 sai? ! dep?2 & ! sea ,) ! voice ( an e*o1 repeats1 ,n 9 me4 7,i h a suspicion someh[ t :at ! sea really answ]$1 9 its nor!rn v]nacul>1 0 ',me ei!r4'7 ,:5ce !n come? wisdom8 ,& :]e is ! place ,und]/&+ ha? *os51 s9ce ?is is ! case8444 ,en\gh6 ,?is n only %[s h[ t o!r r5d]+ c be spoilt ev5 to ! po9t ( burlesque by an attempt1 on preconceiv$ notions1 to embelli% x ) metre & rhyme1 b x also h9ts t p>allel v]se w actually res5t & abhor su* embelli%m5t ev5 by ! mo/ skill$ h&4 ,yet1 ,i repeat1 our v]sion ( ,job is poetry und5iable4 ,:at foll[s8 ,:y1 x foll[s t 9 ! c\rse ( /udy+ x z lit]ature we h f\nd exp]im5tally settl$ = u--& on ! side ( fre$om--a dispute 9 :i* scores ( em95t critics h tak5 sides3 a dispute reviv$ b ye/]day 7if we omit ! blank & deva/at$ days ( ?is ,w>7 by ! writ]s & apo/les ( v]s libres4 ',c !re be poetry )\t metre8' ',is free v]se a true poetic =m8' ,:y1 our ,book ( ,job be+ poetry1 unmi/akable poetry1 ( c\rse !re c1 to be sure x is4 ,^! apo/les are butt+ at an op5 door4 ,no?+ rema9s = !m b to g & write v]s libres z f9e z ^? ( ,job 9 our ,engli% translation4 ,or suppose ev5 t !y write z well z ,m4 ,paul ,=t1 !y w yet be writ+ ance/rally1 n z innovators b z r5ew]s4 ,no?+ is done 9 lit]ature by argu+ :e!r or n ?is or t be possible or p]missible4 ,! only way to prove x possible or p]missible is to g & d x3 & !n y are lucky inde$ if "s anci5t writ]s h n =e/all$ y4 ,,iv ,n[ = ano!r "q 7mu* argu$1 y w rememb]1 a few ye>s ago7 ',is !re--c !re be--su* a ?+ z a ,/atic ,!atre1 a ,/atic ,drama8' ,mo/ ( y 7,i d>esay7 rememb] ,m4 ,maet]l9ck's def9ition ( ?is & 8 dem& = x4 ,to summ>ise him r\ghly1 he cont5ds t ! old drama--! traditional1 ! conv5tional drama-- lives by action2 t1 9 ,ari/otle's phrase1 x repres5ts m5 do+1 ,greek3 prattontas1 & resolves itself into a /ruggle ( human wills--:e!r aga9/ ! gods1 z 9 anci5t trag$y1 or aga9/ "o ano!r1 z 9 mod]n4 ,m4 ,maet]l9ck tells u-- ,!re is a tragic elem5t 9 ! life ( e day t is f> m real1 f> m p5etrat+1 f> m ak9 to ! true self t is 9 u1 ?an is ! trag$y t lies 9 great adv5ture4444 ,x goes beyond ! det]m9$ /ruggle ( man aga9/ man1 & desire aga9/ desire2 x goes beyond ! et]nal conflict ( duty & passion4 ,its prov9ce is r to reveal to u h[ truly wond]ful is ! m]e act ( liv+1 & to ?r[ light ^u ! exi/5ce ( ! s\l1 self-conta9$ 9 ! mid/ ( ev]-re/less imm5sities2 to hu% ! disc\rse ( reason & s5tim5t1 s t above ! tumult may be he>d ! solemn un9t]rupt$ :isp]+s ( man & 8 de/9y4 ,to ! tragic au?or he goes on1 lat]1 z to ! m$iocre pa9t] :o /ill l+]s ov] hi/orical pictures1 x is only ! viol5ce ( ! anecdote t appeals1 & 9 8 repres5tation !re( does ! entire int]e/ ( 8 "w consi/4444 ,inde$ :5 ,i g to a !atre1 ,i feel z ?\gh ,i 7 sp5d+ a few h\rs ) my ance/ors1 :o conceiv$ life z ?\gh x 7 some?+ t 0 primitive1 arid & brutal4444 ,i am %[n a deceiv$ husb& kill+ 8 wife1 a woman poison+ h] lov]1 a son av5g+ 8 fa!r1 a fa!r slaught]+ 8 *ildr51 murd]$ k+s1 ravi%$ virg9s1 imprison$ citiz5s--9 a ^w all ! sublimity ( tradition1 b alas h[ sup]ficial & mat]ial6 ,blood1 surface-te>s & dea?6 ,:at c ,i le>n f creatures :o h b "o fix$ idea1 :o h no "t to live1 = t !re is a rival1 a mi/ress1 :om x behoves !m to put to dea?8 ,m4 ,maet]l9ck does n 7he says7 "k if ! ,/atic ,drama ( 8 crav+ be impossible4 ,he incl9es to ?9k--in/anc+ "s ,greek trag$ies su* z ,prome!us & ,*oephori--t x already exi/s4 ,b may we n1 out ( ! ,ea/--! sl[1 ! /ation>y ,ea/--fet* an in/ance m conv9c+8 ,v ,! ,drama ( ,job op5s ) a ,prologue 9 ! m\? ( a ,n>rator4 ,!re 0 a man 9 ! l& ( ,uz1 nam$ ,job2 upright1 ,god-fe>+1 ( great sub/ance 9 %eep1 cattle & ox52 ble/ also ) sev5 sons & ?ree daught]s4 ,aft] tell+ ( _! family life1 h[ :olesome x is1 & pi\s1 & happy-- ,! ,prologue passes to a ,c\ncil held 9 ,heav54 ,! ,"l sits !re1 & ! sons ( ,god pres5t !mselves ea* f 8 prov9ce4 ,ent]s ,satan 7:om we _h bett] call ! ,adv]s>y7 f 8 sph]e ( inspection1 ! ,e>?1 & reports4 ,! ,"l specially que/ions him conc]n+ ,job1 patt]n ( m54 ,! ,adv]s>y demurs4 ',do? ,job fe> ,god = n\ght8 ,ha/ ?\ n set a h$ge ab\t 8 prosp]ity8 ,b put =? ?y h& & t\* all t he ha?1 & he w r5\nce !e to ?y face4' ,! ,"l gives leave = ?is trial to be made 7y w recall ! op5+ ( ,ev]yman73 ,s1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 weal?1 a mess5g] came to job & says-- ,! ox5 7 pl[+1 & ! asses fe$+ beside !m3 & ! ,sabeans fell ^u !m1 & took !m away2 yea1 !y h sla9 ! s]vants ) ! edge ( ! sword2 & ,i only am escap$ alone to tell !e4 ,:ile he 0 yet speak+1 !re came also ano!r1 & said1 ,! fire ( ,god is fall5 f heav51 & ha? burn$ up ! %eep1 & ! s]vants1 & consum$ !m2 & ,i only am escap$ alone to tell !e4 ,:ile he 0 yet speak+1 !re came also ano!r1 & said1 ,! ,*aldeans made ?ree b&s1 & fell ^u ! camels1 & h tak5 !m away1 yea1 & sla9 ! s]vants ) ! edge ( ! sword2 & ,i only am escap$ alone to tell !e4 ,:ile he 0 yet speak+1 !re came also ano!r1 & said1 ,?y sons & ?y daught]s 7 eat+ & dr9k+ w9e 9 _! elde/ bro!r's h\se3 &1 behold1 !re came a great w9d f ! wild]ness1 & smote ! f\r corn]s ( ! h\se1 & x fell ^u ! "y m51 & !y are dead2 & ,i only am escap$ alone to tell !e4 ,!n ,job arose1 & r5t 8 mantle1 & %av$ 8 head1 & fell d[n ^u ! gr\nd1 & wor%ipp$2 & he said1 ,nak$ came ,i out ( my "m's womb1 & nak$ %all ,i return ?i!r3 ! ,"l gave1 & ! ,"l ha? tak5 away2 bless$ be ! "n ( ! ,"l4 ,s ! ,adv]s>y is foil$1 & ,job has n r5\nc$ ,god4 ,a second ,c\ncil is held 9 ,heav52 & ! ,adv]s>y1 be+ que/ion$1 has to admit ,job's integrity1 b proposes a sev]] te/3 ,sk9 = sk91 yea1 all t a man ha? w he give = 8 life4 ,b put =? ?9e h& n[1 & t\* 8 bone & 8 fle%1 & he w r5\nce !e to ?y face4 ,aga9 leave is giv53 & ! ,adv]s>y smites job ) ! mo/ hide\s & loa?some =m ( leprosy4 ,8 k9sfolk 7z we le>n lat]7 h already begun to des]t & hold alo( f him z a man m>k$ out by ,god's displeasure4 ,b n[ he passes out f _! mid/1 z "o unclean f head to foot1 & seats himself on ! a%-m\nd--t is1 ^u ! ,mezbele or heap ( refuse :i* accumulates outside ,arab villages4 ',! dung1' says ,pr(essor ,m\lton1 :i* is heap$ ^u ! ,mezbele ( ! ,hauran villages is n mix$ ) /raw1 :i* 9 t w>m & dry l& is n ne$$ = litt]1 & x comes mo/ly f solid-ho($ animals1 z ! flocks & ox5 are left ov]-night 9 ! graz+ places4 ,x is c>ri$ 9 baskets 9 a dry /ate to ?is place 444 & usually burnt once a mon?4444 ,! a%es rema94444 ,if ! village has be5 inhabit$ = c5turies ! ,mezbele rea*es a height f> ov]topp+ x4 ,! w9t] ra9s r$uce x into a compact mass1 & x becomes by & by a solid hill ( e>?4444 ,! ,mezbele s]ves ! inhabitants = a wat*t[]1 & 9 ! sultry ev5+s = a place ( conc\rse1 because !re is a curr5t ( air on ! height4 ,!re all day long ! *ildr5 play ab\t x2 & !re ! outca/1 :o has be5 /rick5 ) "s loa?some malady1 & is n all[$ to ent] ! dwell+s ( m51 lays himself d[n begg+ an alms ( ! pass]s-by by day1 & by night %elt]+ himself among ! a%es :i* ! heat ( ! sun has w>m$4' ,"h1 !n1 sits 9 8 mis]y '! =sak5 gr&ee'2 & "h yet ano!r temptation comes to him--?is "t n expressly all[$ by ! ,"l4 ,mu* fooli% condemnation 7&1 ,i may add1 "s fooli% faceti\sness7 has be5 heap$ on ,job's wife4 ,z a matt] ( fact %e is n a wick$ woman--%e has borne h] "p 9 ! pi\s & happy family life1 n[ tak5 away3 %e has utt]$ no ^w ( compla9t ?\gh all ! sub/ance be swall[$ up & h] *ildr5 ) x4 ,b n[ ! sight ( h] innoc5t husb& ?us helpless1 ?us incurably smitt51 wr+s1 ?r\gh love & angui% & indignation1 ?is cry f h]3 ,do/ ?\ /ill hold fa/ ?9e integrity8 r5\nce ,god1 & die4 ,b ,job answ]$1 soo?+ h]3 ,?\ speake/ z "o ( ! fooli% wom5 speake?4 ,:at8 %all we receive good at ! h& ( ,god1 & %all we n receive evil8 ,s ! second trial ends1 & ,job has s9n$ n ) 8 lips4 ,b n[ comes ! ?ird trial1 :i* ne$s no ,c\ncil 9 ,heav5 to decree x4 ,travell]s by ! m\nd saw ?is figure seat$ !re1 pati5t1 uncompla9+1 an object ( awe ev5 to ! *ildr5 :o at fir/ mock$ him2 ask$ ?is man's hi/ory2 & he>+ ( x1 smote on _! brea/s1 & made a tok5 ( x & c>ri$ ! news into f> c\ntries3 until x rea*$ ! e>s ( ,job's ?ree fri5ds1 all great tribesm5 l himself--,eliphaz ! ,temanite1 ,bildad ! ,%uhite1 & ,zoph> ! ,naama?ite4 ,^! ?ree made an appo9tm5t toge!r to travel & visit ,job4 ',& :5 !y lift$ up _! eyes af> (f1 & knew him n1 !y lift$ up _! voice1 & wept4' ,!n !y w5t up & sat d[n opposite him on ! gr\nd4 ,b ! maje/y ( suff]+ is sil5t3 ,"h ,i & sorr[s sit2 ,"h is my ?rone1 bid k+s come b[ to x4444 ,no1 n a ^w4444 ,&1 ) ! grave c\rtesy ( ,ea/]n m51 !y too are sil5t3 ,s !y sat d[n ) him ^u ! gr\nd sev5 days & sev5 nights1 & none spake a ^w unto him3 = !y saw t 8 grief 0 v great4 ,! ,prologue ends4 ,! sc5e is set4 ,aft] sev5 days ( sil5ce ! real drama op5s4 ,,vi ,( ! drama itself ,i %all attempt no analysis1 ref]r+ y = ?is to ! two books f :i* ,i h already quot$4 ,my purpose be+ m]ely to p]suade y t ?is surpass+ poem c be /udi$1 & ought to be /udi$1 z lit]ature1 ,i %all cont5t myself ) turn+ x 7s to speak7 once or twice 9 my h& & glanc+ "o or two facets at y4 ,to beg9 )1 !n1 y w n h fail$ to notice1 9 ! sett+ out ( ! drama1 a curi\s resemblance betwe5 ,job & ! ,prome!us ( ,aes*ylus4 ,! curta9 9 ea* play lifts on a figure solit>y1 tortur$ 7= no reason t seems good to u7 by a high] w :i*1 we are told1 is ,god's4 ,! *orus ( ,sea-nymphs 9 ! op5+ ( ! ,greek play be>s no small resemblance 9 attitude ( m9d to job's ?ree fri5ds4 ,:5 job at l5g? breaks ! intol]able sil5ce ) ,let ! day p]i% :]e9 ,i 0 born1 ,& ! night :i* said1 ,!re is a man *ild conceiv$4 he uses j su* an outbur/ z ,prome!us3 &1 z he is answ]$ by 8 fri5ds1 s ! ,nymphs at once exclaim to ,prome!us ,see/ ?\ n t ?\ ha/ s9n$8 ,b at once1 = anyone ) a s5se ( comp>ative lit]ature1 is set up a comp>ison betwe5 ! p]si/5t ,we/ & ! p]si/5t ,ea/2 betwe5 ! fi]y en]gis+ rebel & ! pati5t victim4 ,( ^! two1 bo? good1 "o w d>e ev]y?+ to release mank9d f ?rall2 ! o!r w submit1 & ju/ify himself--mank9d too1 if x may hap--by submission4 ,at once ?is diff]5ce is se5 to give a diff]5ce ( =m to ! drama4 ,our poem is purely /atic4 ,"s critics c detect little individuality 9 ,job's ?ree fri5ds1 to di/+ui% !m4 ,= my "p ,i f9d ,eliphaz m ( a p]sonage ?an ! o!r two2 gr&] 9 ! volume ( 8 m9d1 secur] 9 wisdom2 z ,i f9d ,zoph> r noticeably a mean-m9d$ greybe>d1 & ,bildad a man ( ! /&-no-nons5se k9d4 ,b1 to tell ! tru?1 ,i pref] n to se>* = individuality 9 ^! m53 ,i pref] to see !m z ?ree figures ) eyes ( /one almo/ expressionless4 ,= 9 tru? !y are ! conv5tions1 all ?r\gh1--! or?odox m5--address+ ,job1 ! reality2 & _! words come to ?is3 ,?\ suff]e/1 !re=e mu/ h s9n$4 ,all suff]+ is1 mu/ be a judgm5t ^u s94 ,else ,god is n righte\s4 ,!y are /atuesque1 z ! drama is /atic4 ,! spee*es foll[ "o ano!r1 ris+ & fall+1 9 rise & fall magnific5tly & delib]ately eloqu5t4 ,n a limb is se5 to move1 unless x be :5 job half rises f ! du/ 9 sudd5 scorn ( _! conv5tions3 ,no d\bt b ye are ! p1 ,& wisdom %all die ) y6 or aga9 ,w ye speak unrighte\sly = ,god1 ,& talk deceitfully = him8 ,w ye respect 8 p]son8 ,w ye cont5d = ,god8 ,yet--s great is ?is man1 :o has n r5\nc$ & w n r5\nce ,god1 t /ill & ev] he clam\rs = m k ( ,him4 ,/ill gett+ no answ]1 he lifts up 8 h&s & calls ! great ,oa? ( ,cle>ance2 9 effect ',if ,i h lov$ gold ov]mu*1 hat$ m9e enemy1 refus$ ! /rang] my t5t1 truckl$ to public op9ion'3 ,if my l& cry out aga9/ me1 ,& ! furr[s !re( weep toge!r2 ,if ,i h eat5 ! fruits !re( )\t money1 ,or h caus$ ! own]s !re( to lose _! life3 ,let ?i/les gr[ in/ead ( :eat1 ,& cockle in/ead ( b>ley4 ,) a sl[ ge/ure he cov]s 8 face3 ,! words ( ,job are end$4 ,,vii ,!y are end$3 ev5 ?\gh at ?is po9t 7:5 ! debate seems to be clos$7 a "y ,aramaean ,arab1 ,elihu1 :o has be5 loit]+ ar\nd & li/5+ to ! controv]sy1 bur/s 9 & deliv]s 8 "y r$-hot op9ions4 ,!y are viol5t1 & at ! same "t q raw & priggi%4 ,job tr\bles n to answ]3 ! o!rs keep a *ill+ sil5ce4 ,b :ile ?is "y man rants1 po9t+ skyw>d n[ & aga91 we see1 we feel--x is mo/ wond]fully convey$--z cle>ly z if indicat$ by successive /age-directions1 a t]rific ?und]-/orm ga!r+2 a ?und]-/orm ) a :irlw9d4 ,x ga!rs2 x is ^u !m2 x d>k5s !m ) dread until ev5 ! words ( ,elihu dry on 8 lips3 ,if a man speak1 surely he %all be swall[$ up4 ,x breaks & bla/s & conf\nds !m2 & out ( x ! ,"l speaks4 ,n[ ( t fam\s & m>vell\s spee*1 put by ! poet into ! m\? ( ,god1 we may say :at may be said ( all spee*es put by man into ! m\? ( ,god4 ,we may say1 z ( ! spee*es ( ! ,ar*angel 9 ,p>adise ,lo/ t x is argum5t1 & argum5t1 by its v nature1 admits ( be+ answ]$4 ,b1 if to make ,god talk at all be an?ropomorphism1 "h is an?ropomorphism at its v be/ 9 its ef=t to rea* to ,god4 ,!re is a hu%4 ,! /orm cle>s away2 & 9 ?is hu% ! voice ( ! ,n>rator is he>d aga91 pron\nc+ ! ,epilogue4 ,job has look$ 9 ! face ( ,god & reproa*$ him z a fri5d reproa*es a fri5d4 ,!re=e 8 captivity 0 turn$1 & 8 weal? return$ to him1 & he begat sons & daught]s1 & saw 8 sons' sons unto ! f\r? g5]ation4 ,s ,job di$1 be+ old & full ( ye>s4 ,,viii ,/ructurally a great poem2 hi/orically a great poem2 philosophically a great poem2 s r5d]$ = u 9 noble ,engli% diction z to be wor?y 9 any comp>ison ( diction1 /ructure1 ance/ry1 ?\ght6 ,:y %\ld we n /udy x 9 our ,engli% ,s*ool1 if only = purpose ( comp>ison8 ,i conclude ) ^! words ( ,"l ,latym]3 ,!re is no?+ comp>able ) x except ! ,prome!us ,b\nd ( ,aes*ylus4 ,x is et]nal1 illimitable 444 its scope is ! relation betwe5 ,god & ,man4 ,x is a va/ lib]ation1 a great gaol-deliv]y ( ! _s ( ,man2 nay1 r a great ,acquittal4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is fair to say t ,my]s cancell$ ! ,damascus /anza 9 8 f9al edition4 ,,lecture ,,xi ,,( ,,selection ,,w$nesday1 ,,octob] #bc1 #aiah ,i ,let u h>k back1 ,g5tlem51 to our orig9al problem1 & consid] if our dilatory way h l$ u to "s glimpse ( a practical solution4 ,we may re-/ate x ?us3 ,assum+ x to be true1 z m5 ( ,sci5ce assure u1 t ! weight ( ?is planet rema9s con/ant1 & is to-day :at x 0 :5 mank9d c>elessly laid x on ! %\ld]s ( ,atlas2 t no?+ abides b x goes1 t no?+ goes b 9 "s =m or o!r x comes back2 y & ,i may well indulge a wond] :at reflections ^u ?is a/oni%+ fact our ,univ]sity ,libr>ian1 ,mr ,j5k9son1 takes to b$ ) him4 ,a copy ( e book pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom is--or ,i _h bett] say1 %\ld be--deposit$ ) him4 ,putt+ aside ! "q ( :at he has done to des]ve x1 he mu/ surely wond] at times f :at o!r corn]s ( ! e>? ,provid5ce has be5 at pa9s to collect & compact ! +r$i5ts ( ! late/ new volume he h&les = a mom5t be=e fondly committ+ x to ! cell>s4 ',lock$ up1 n lo/4' ,or1 to take x 9 rev]se--,:5 ! great libr>y ( ,alex&ria w5t up 9 flames1 d\btless its a%es awoke an appreciable & almo/ imm$iate en]gy 9 ! crops ( ! ,nile ,delta4 ,! m leisurable process ( desiccation1 by :i*1 "u mod]n /orage1 ! compon5ts ( a mod]n novel are releas$ to fre% unions & activities admits1 z ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne w\ld say1 a wide solution1 & 0 j ! "q to tease t good man4 ,c we n he> him discuss+ x8 ',to be b pyramidally extant is a fallacy 9 duration4444 ,to burn ! bones ( ! ,k+ ( ,edom = lime seems no irrational f]ity3 b to /ore ! back volumes ( ,mr ,bottomley's ,john ,bull a passionate prodigality4' ,,ii ,well1 :atev] ! p]plexities ( our ,libr>y we may be sure !y w nev] break d[n t tradition ( s]vice1 help & c\rtesy :i* is1 among its f9e treasures1 /ill ! fir/4 ,b we h se5 t ,mr ,j5k9son's p]plexities are really b a p>able ( ours3 t ! "q1 ,:at are we to d ) all ^! books accumulat+ 9 ! _w8 really is a "q3 t _! m]e accumulation really does heap up aga9/ u a b>ri] ( su* enorm\s & brute mass t ! /ream ( human culture mu/ ne$s be *ok$ & spread into m>% unless we contrive to pipe x ?r\gh4 ,t a great deal ( x is meant to help--t ev5 ! mo/ ( x is well int5tion$--avails n aga9/ ! m]e physical ob/acle ( its mass4 ,if y consid] an ,a!nian g5tleman ( ! #e? c5tury ,b4,c4 connect+ 7z ,i always prea* "h7 8 lit]ature ) 8 life1 two ?+s are b\nd to /rike y3 ! fir/ t he 0 a man ( leisure1 some:at disda9ful ( trade & reliev$ ( m5ial "w by a numb] ( slaves2 ! second1 t he 0 surpris+ly un5cumb]$ ) books4 ,y w f9d 9 ,plato mu* ab\t recit]s1 actors1 poets1 rhetoricians1 plead]s1 sophi/s1 public orators & ref9]s ( language1 b v little inde$ ab\t books4 ,ev5 ! libr>y ( ,alex&ria grew 9 a "t ( decad5ce & belong$ to an age n 84 ,says ,j[ett 9 ! end3 ,he :o approa*es him 9 ! mo/ rev]5t _s %all reap mo/ ( ! fruit ( 8 wisdom2 he :o reads him by ! light ( anci5t comm5tators w h ! lea/ und]/&+ ( him4 ,we see him ,j[ett goes on ) ! eye ( ! m9d 9 ! groves ( ! ,academy1 or on ! banks ( ! ,ilissus1 or 9 ! /reets ( ,a!ns1 alone or walk+ ) ,socrates1 full ( ^? ?\ghts :i* h s9ce become ! common possession ( mank9d4 ,or we may comp>e him to a /atue hid away 9 "s temple ( ,zeus or ,apollo1 no long] exi/+ on e>?1 a /atue :i* has a look z ( ! ,god himself4 ,or we may once m imag9e him foll[+ 9 ano!r /ate ( be+ ! great company ( heav5 :i* he beheld ( old 9 a vision4 ,s1 'p>tly trifl+ b ) a c]ta9 degree ( s]i\sness1' we l+] ar\nd ! memory ( a _w :i* has pass$ away4 ,yes1 ':i* has pass$ away1' & p]haps ) no tok5 m evid5t ( its decease ?an ! sepulture ( books t admir+ g5]ations h heap$ on x6 ,,iii ,9 a previ\s lecture ,i ref]r$ y to ! beautiful op5+ & ! yet m beautiful close ( ! ,pha$rus4 ,let u turn back & refre% ourselves ) t ,dialogue :ile we le>n f x1 9 some:at m ( detail1 j :at a book meant to an ,a!nian3 h[ fre% a ?+ x 0 to him & h[ little irksome4 ,pha$rus has sp5t 8 =5oon li/5+ to a disc\rse by ! celebrat$ rhetorician ,lysias on ! subject ( ,love1 & is />t+ to cool 8 head ) a /roll beyond ! walls ( ! city1 :5 he enc\nt]s ,socrates1 :o w n let him g until he has deliv]$ up ! spee* ) :i* ,lysias regal$ him1 or1 bett] /ill1 ! manuscript1 ':i* ,i suspect y are c>ry+ !re 9 y\r left h& "u y\r cloak4' ,s !y b5d _! way beside ,ilissus t[>ds a tall plane tree1 se5 9 ! di/ance4 ,hav+ rea*$ x1 !y recl9e4 ',by ,h]a1' says ,socrates1 'a fair re/+-place1 full ( summ] s\nds & sc5ts6 ,?is cle>+1 ) ! agnus ca/us 9 high bloom & fragrant1 & ! /ream b5ea? ! tree s gratefully cool to our feet6 ,judg+ f ! ornam5ts & /atues1 ,i ?9k ?is spot mu/ be sacr$ to ,a*elos & ! ,nymphs4 ,& ! breeze1 h[ delici\sly *>g$ ) balm6 & all summ]'s murmur 9 ! air1 %rill$ by ! *orus ( ! gras%opp]s6 ,b ! greate/ *>m is ?is knoll ( turf1--positively a pill[ = ! head4 ,my de> ,pha$rus1 y h be5 a delectable guide4' ',:at an incompreh5sible be+ y are1 ,socrates1' returns ,pha$rus4 ',:5 y are 9 ! c\ntry1 z y say1 y really are l "s /rang] l$ ab\t by a guide4 ,^u my ^w1 ,i d\bt if y ev] /ray beyond ! gates save by accid5t4' ',v true1 my fri5d3 & ,i hope y w =give me = ! reason--:i* is1 t ,i love k1 & my tea*]s are ! m5 :o dwell 9 ! city1 n ! trees or c\ntry sc5es4 ,yet ,i d believe y h f\nd a spell to draw me =?1 l a hungry c[ be=e :om a b\gh or a bun* ( fruit is wav$4 ,= only hold up be=e me 9 l mann] a book1 & y may lead me all r\nd ,attica & ov] ! wide _w4' ,s !y recl9e & talk1 look+ al(t ?r\gh t fam\s pure sky ( ,attica1 mile ^u mile transp>5t2 & _! disc\rse 7pres]v$ to u7 is ( ,love1 & seems to belong to t atmosph]e1 s cle> x is & lum9\sly pr(\nd4 ,x ends ) ! cool ( ! day1 & ! two fri5ds arise to dep>t4 ,socrates looks ab\t him4 ',%\ld we n1 be=e go+1 (f] up a pray] to ^! local deities8' ',by all means1' ,pha$rus agrees4 ,socrates 7pray+73 ',belov$ ,pan1 & all ye o!r gods :o haunt ?is place1 grant me beauty 9 ! inw>d s\l1 & t ! outw>d & inw>d may be at "o6 ,may ,i e/eem ! wise to be ! ri*2 & may ,i myself h t quantity ( gold :i* a temp]ate man1 & he only1 c c>ry4444 ,any?+ m8 ,t pray]1 ,i ?9k1 is en\gh = me4' ,pha$rus4 ',ask ! same = me1 ,socrates4 ,fri5ds1 me?9ks1 %\ld h all ?+s 9 common4' ,socrates4 ',am51 !n4444 ,let u g4' ,"h we h1 z x seems to me1 a m>riage1 )\t imp$im5t1 ( wisdom & beauty betwe5 two m9ds t p]=ce h small acqua9tance ) books3 & yet1 ) x1 ,socrates' confession t anyone ) a book "u 8 cloak c\ld lead him any:]e by ! nose4 ,s we see t ,hell5ic culture at its be/ 0 indep5d5t ( book-le>n+1 & yet crav$ = x4 ,,iv ,:5 our own ,lit]ature awoke1 tak+ its orig9 f ! pr\d s*ol>%ip ( ! ,r5aissance1 an ,engli%man :o affect$ x 0 sc>cely m cumb]$ ) books ?an our ,a!nian _h be51 two ?\s& ye>s be=e4 ,x 01 & x rema9$1 ari/ocratic3 sp>+ly exp5sive ( its culture4 ,x po/ulat$1 if n a slave population1 at lea/ a prolet>iat = :i* its bless+s 7 n4 ,no "o ?\ght ( mak+ a =tune by dissem9at+ 8 "w 9 pr9t4 ,%akespe>e nev] f\nd x wor? :ile to collect & publi% 8 plays2 & a v small s5se ( hi/ory w suffice to *eck our te>s ov] ! price receiv$ by ,milton = ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,we may wond]1 inde$1 at ! "t x took our =efa!rs to realise--or1 at any rate1 to employ--! en]gy t lay 9 ! pr9t+-press4 ,= c5turies aft] its inv5tion m]e copy+ comm&$ f> high] prices ?an au?or%ip#a4 ,writ]s gave 'au?oris$' editions to ! _w sometimes = ! sake ( fame1 (t5 to ju/ify !mselves aga9/ piratical publi%]s1 seldom 9 expectation ( monet>y pr(it4 ,li/51 = example1 to ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne's excuse = publi%+ ,religio ,m$ici 7#afdc73 ,_h n almo/ e man suff]$ by ! press or 7 n ! tyranny !re( become univ]sal1 ,i _h n want$ reason = compla9t3 b 9 times :]e9 ,i h liv$ to behold ! highe/ p]v]sion ( t excell5t inv5tion1 ! "n ( 8 ,maje/y defam$1 ! hon\r ( ,p>liam5t deprav$1 ! writ+s ( bo? deprav$ly1 anticipatively1 c\nt]feitly impr9t$2 compla9ts may seem ridicul\s 9 private p]sons2 & m5 ( my condition may be z incapable ( affronts1 z hopeless ( _! rep>ations4 ,& truly _h n ! duty ,i owe unto ! importunity ( fri5ds1 & ! allegiance ,i mu/ ev] ackn[l$ge unto tru?1 prevail$ ) me2 ! inactivity ( my disposition might h made ^! suff]+s cont9ual1 & "t t br+s o!r ?+s to light1 %\ld h satisfi$ me 9 ! rem$y ( its oblivion4 ,b because ?+s evid5tly false are n only pr9t$1 b _m ?+s ( tru? mo/ falsely set =?1 9 ?is latt] ,i c\ld n b ?9k myself engag$4 ,= ?\gh we h no p[] to r$ress ! =m]1 yet 9 ! o!r1 ! rep>ation be+ )9 our selves1 ,i h at pres5t repres5t$ unto ! _w a full & int5d$ copy ( t piece1 :i* 0 mo/ imp]fectly & surreptiti\sly publi%$ be=e4 ,?is ,i confess1 ab\t sev5 ye>s pa/1 ) "s o!rs ( aff9ity !reto1 = my private ex]cise & satisfaction1 ,i _h at leisurable h\rs compos$2 :i* be+ communicat$ unto "o1 x became common unto _m1 & 0 by transcription successively corrupt$1 untill x arriv$ 9 a mo/ deprav$ copy at ! press 444 #b ,v ,! m5 ( ! #ah? c5tury ma9ta9$ ! old tradition ( lit]>y exclusiv5ess1 b 9 a some:at diff]5t way & m consci\sly4 ,i f9d1 ,g5tlem51 :5 y read ) me 9 private1 t n9e out ( t5 ( y dislike ! #ah? c5tury & all its lit]>y works4 ,z = ! ,wom5 /ud5ts1 !y "o & all abom9ate x4 ,y d n1 ,i regret to say1 provide me ) reasons mu* m philosophical ?an ! epigrammati/'s = dislik+ ,doctor ,fell4 ,may "o ^: "t ( life excuses p]haps a deta*m5t f passion attempt to provide y ) "o8 ,if s1 fir/ li/5 to ?is f ,mr & ,mrs ,hammond's book ,! ,village ,lab\r]1 #agfj-ahcb3 ,a r[ ( #ah? c5tury h\ses1 or a room ( normal #ah? c5tury furniture1 or a *>act]i/ic piece ( #ah? c5tury lit]ature1 conveys at once a s5sation ( satisfaction & complet5ess4 ,! secret ( ?is *>m is n to be f\nd 9 any special beauty or nobility ( design or expression1 b simply 9 an exquisite fitness4 ,! #ah? c5tury m9d 0 a unity1 an ord]4 ,all lit]ature & art t really belong to ! #ah? c5tury are ! language ( a little society ( m5 & wom5 :o mov$ )9 "o set ( ideas2 :o und]/ood ea* o!r2 :o 7 n torm5t$ by any anxi\s or bewild]+ problems2 :o liv$ 9 com=t1 &1 above all ?+s1 9 composure4 ,! classics 7 _! freemasonry4 ,!re 0 a /&>d = ! m9d1 = ! emotions1 = ta/e3 !re 7 no incongruities4 ,:5 y h a society l ?is1 y h :at we r\ghly call a civilisation1 & x leaves its "* & canons 9 all its surr\nd+s & 9 its lit]ature4 ,its def9ite ideas l5d !mselves readily to expression4 ,a l>g] society seems an an>*y 9 contra/3 j because ( its escape into a great] _w x seems p[]less to /amp itself 9 wood or /one2 x is condemn$ z an age ( *aos & mut9y1 ) no?+ to decl>e4 ,y d wrong1 ,i assure y1 9 mispris+ ^! m5 ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,!y r$uc$ life1 to be sure3 b by t v means !y saw x f> m completely ?an d we1 9 ?is lyrical age1 ) our wor%ip ( 'f9e excess4' ,"h at any rate1 & to speak only ( its lit]ature1 y h a society f5c+ t lit]ature ar\nd--,i d n say by =e?\ght or ev5 consci\sly--b 9 effect f5c+ its lit]ature ar\nd1 to keep x 9 control & capable ( an ord]ly1 a nice1 ev5 an exquisite cultivation4 ,dislike x z y may1 ,i d n ?9k t any ( y1 z he increases 8 k ( ! te*nique ( ,engli% ,prose1 yes1 & ( ,engli% ,v]se 7,i d n say ( ,engli% ,poetry7 w d5y 8 admiration to ! m5 ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,! /r5g? ( good prose resides n s mu* 9 ! sw+ & balance ( ! s+le s5t5ce z 9 ! m>%all+ ( argum5t1 ! ord]ly procession ( p>agraphs1 ! disposition ( p>ts s t ea* f9ds its tell+1 its prop]1 place2 ! adju/m5t ( ! means to ! end2 ! /rategy :i* br+s its full =ce into action at ! calculat$ mom5t & drives ! conclusion home ^u an accumulat$ s5se ( ju/ice4 ,i d n see h[ any /ud5t ( #ah? c5tury lit]ature c d5y its writ]s--,b]keley or ,hume or ,gibbon--,congreve or ,%]idan--,pope or ,c[p]--,addison or ,/eele or ,johnson--,burke or ,*a?am or ,?omas ,pa9e--_! me$ = ?is1 or1 if he be an arti/1 ev5 8 homage4 ,b x rema9s true1 z y\r in/9ct tells y1 & z ,i h admitt$1 t !y a*iev$ all ?is by help ( n>r[ & artificial b\nd>ies4 ,( sev]al fatal exclusions let me "n b two4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y exclud$ ! ,poor2 imitat+ 9 a late age ! ,a!nian tradition ( a small polite society re/+ on a l>ge & degrad$ "o4 ,?r\gh\t ! #ah? c5tury--& ! great ,:ig families 7 at lea/ z mu* to blame = ?is z ! ,tories--by enclosure ( commons1 by grants1 by h&l+ ( ! fran*ise1 by taxation1 by poor laws 9 result punitive ?\gh int5d$ to be palliative1 ! ,engli% peasantry und]w5t a /eady process ( degradation into s]fdom3 into a s]fdom :i*1 dur+ ! fir/ tw5ty ye>s ( ! next c5tury1 hung con/antly & prec>i\sly on ! edge ( actual />vation4 ,! :ole !ory ( culture work$ ^u a pr9ciple ( d\ble re/riction2 ( re/rict+ on ! "o h& ! realm ( polite k to propositions suitable = a s*ol> & a g5tleman1 &1 on ! o!r1 ! numb]s ( ! human family p]mitt$ to be ei!r4 ,! !ory deprecat$ en?usiasm1 z x disc\nt5anc$ all ambition 9 a poor *ild to rise above :at ,sir ,sp5c] ,walpole call$ '8 inevitable & h]$it>y lot'--to s(t5 :i* & make him acquiesc5t 9 x 01 ) a ,wilb]=ce or a ,hannah ,m1 ! la/ dream ( re/less b5evol5ce4 ,,vi ,also ^! #ah? c5tury m5 f5c$ (f ! :ole ( our own ,middle ,engli% & m$ieval lit]ature--f5c$ (f ,*auc] & ,dunb>1 ,malory & ,b]n]s--z b>b>\s & ',go?ic4' ,!y treat$ ^! writ]s ) little m consid]ation ?an ,boileau _h ?\ght x wor? :ile to be/[ on ,villon or on ,rons>d-- enf9 ,malh]be6 ,z = ,anglo-,saxon lit]ature1 "o may1 safely say t1 save by ,gray & a v few o!rs1 its exi/5ce 0 b>ely surmis$4 ,y may or may n f9d x h>d] to =give !m t !y rul$ out moreov] a great "p ( ! lit]ature ( ! prec$+ c5tury z (f5sive to urbane ta/e1 or z !y w\ld say1 'disgu/+4' ,!y dislik$ x ma9ly1 "o suspects1 z "o age revolts f ! fa%ion ( ano!r--z "s ( y1 = example1 revolt f ! broad pl5ty ( ,dick5s 7,heav5 =give y7 or ! ornam5t ( ,t5nyson4 ,"s ( ! great writ]s ( t age def9itely exclud$ ,god f _! s*eme ( ?+s3 o!rs includ$ ,god fi]cely1 b ) circumscription & limitation4 ,i ?9k x fair to say ( !m g5]ally t !y hat$ alike ! my/ical & ! my/]i\s1 &1 hat+ ^!1 c\ld h little comm]ce ) su* poetry z ,cra%aw's & ,vaughan's or su* speculation z gave ard\r to ! prose ( ! ,cambridge ,platoni/s4 ,johnson's fam\s attack1 9 8 ,life ( ,c[ley1 ^u ! metaphysical foll[]s ( ,donne o/5sibly assails _! lit]>y conceits1 b truly & at bottom re/s its qu>rel aga9/ an attitude ( m9d1 9 respect ( :i* he liv$ f> en\gh remov$ to be unsympa!tic yet ne> en\gh to take d5unciation = a duty4 ,johnson1 to put x vulg>ly1 _h z little use = ,vaughan's notion ( poetry z he w\ld h _h = ,%elley's claim t x fe$s on ! areal kisses ,( %apes t haunt ?\ght's wild]nesses1 & we h only to set ourselves back 9 ,%elley's age & read 7say7 ! v]se ( ,fr]e & ,cann+ 9 ,! ,anti-,jacob91 to und]/& h[ frantic a lyri/--let be h[ frantic a political figure--,%elley mu/ h appe>$ to well-regulat$ m9ds4 ,,vii ,all ?is lit]ature :i* our =efa!rs exclud$ has come back ^u u3 & concurr5tly we h to deal ) ! m s]i\s difficulty 7let u give ?anks = x7 ( a multitude ( millions insurg5t to h&sel _! long-def]r$ h]itage4 ,i %all wa/e no "t 9 argu+ t we ought n to wi% to )hold x1 because we _c if we w\ld4 ,& ?us ! problem becomes a d\ble "o1 ( di/ribution z well z ( selection4 ,n[ 9 ! fir/ place ,i submit t ?is di/ribution %\ld be free3 :i* implies t our selection mu/ be conf9$ to books & me?ods ( tea*+4 ,!re mu/ be no pick+ & *oos+ among ! recipi5ts1 no appropriation ( c]ta9 =ms ( culture to c]ta9 '/ations ( life' ) a t5d5cy1 consci\s or unconsci\s1 to keep ^? /ations z /ation>y z possible4 ,m]ely by cle>+ our purpose to ?is ext5t we %all h made no inconsid]able advance4 ,= ev5 ! la/ c5tury nev] q got rid ( its pr$ecessor's fix$ idea t c]ta9 degrees ( culture 7 appropriate to c]ta9 /ations ( life4 ,) :at g5tle p]si/5ce x prevails1 = example1 9 ,jane ,au/5's novels2 ) :at complac5t rhetoric 9 ,t5nyson 7& 9 spite ( ,lady ,cl>a ,v]e de ,v]e76 ,let me rem9d y t by all[+ an idea to take hold ( our animosity we may be z truly possess$' by x z ?\gh x claim$ our allegiance4 ,! notion t culture may be drill$ to m>* 9 /ep ) a trade or call+ endur$ ?r\gh ! ,victorian age ( competition & possess$ ! m9d n only ( ,samuel ,smiles :o taught by in/ances h[ a bright & indu/ri\s boy might e>n money & lift himself out ( 8 '/ation1' b ( ,rusk9 himself1 :o 9 ! fir/ half ( ,sesame & ,lilies1 9 ! lecture ,( ,k+s' ,treasuries1 discuss+ ! *oice ( books1 />ts vehem5tly & proce$s at l5g? to d5\nce ! preval5t passion = self-advancem5t--( ris+ above "o's /ation 9 life--q z if x 7 ! mo/ important ?+1 willy-nilly1 9 talk+ ( ! *oice ( books4 ,:i* means t1 to ,rusk91 j !n1 x 0 ! mo/ =midable ob/acle4 ,c we1 at ?is "t ( day1 d bett] by simply turn+ ! notion out ( doors8 ,yes1 ,i believe t we c3 & ^u ?is cr$o3 ,i believe t :ile x may gr[--& gr[ inf9itely--) increase ( le>n+1 ! grace ( a lib]al education1 l ! grace ( ,*ri/ianity1 is s ca?olic a ?+--s absolutely above be+ traffick$1 retail$1 apportion$1 among /ations 9 life'--t ! humble/ *ild may claim x by indefeasible "r1 hav+ a s\l4 ,fur!r1 ,i believe t ,humanism is1 or %\ld he1 no decorative appanage1 pur*as$ late 9 ! process ( education1 )9 ! means ( a few3 b a quality1 r1 :i* %\ld1 & c1 condition all tea*+1 f a *ild's fir/ lesson 9 ,read+3 t its unmi/akable hall-m>k c be impress$ ^u ! e>lie/ task set 9 an ,elem5t>y ,s*ool4 ,,viii ,i am n prea*+ r$ ,radicalism 9 ?is3 ,i am n tell+ y t ,jack is z good z 8 ma/]3 if he 71 he w\ld be a great deal bett]2 = he w\ld und]/& ,hom] 7say7 z well z 8 ma/]1 ! *ild ( p>5ts :o c\ld af=d to h him taught ,greek4 ,z ,greek is commonly taught1 ,i regret to say1 :e!r !y h le>nt x or n makes a di/ress+ly small diff]5ce to mo/ boys' appreciation ( ,hom]4 ,/ill x does make a va/ diff]5ce to "s1 & %\ld make a va/ diff]5ce to all4 ,& yet1 if y w read ! passage 9 ,k+lake's ,e!n 9 :i* he tells--9 words t f9d _! e*o 9 _m a read]'s memory--( 8 boyi% passion = ,hom]--& if y w note t ! boy imbib$ 8 passion1 aft] all1 ?r\gh ! conduit ( ,pope's translation--y w ackn[l$ge t1 = ! human boy1 admission to mu* ( ! glory ( ,hom]'s realm does n dep5d ^u su* ma/]y z a boy ( fifte5 or sixte5 possesses ov] ! orig9al4 ,b let me quote y a few s5t5ces3 ,i1 too1 lov$ ,hom]1 b n ) a s*ol>'s love4 ,! mo/ humble & pi\s among wom5 0 yet s pr\d a "m t %e c\ld tea* h] fir/-born son no ,watts's hymns1 no collects = ! day2 %e c\ld tea* him 9 e>lie/ *ildhood no less ?an ?is--to f9d a home 9 8 saddle1 & to love old ,hom]1 & all t old ,hom] sung4 ,true x is1 t ! ,greek 0 +5i\sly r5d]$ into ,engli%1 ! ,engli% ( ,pope ev51 b n ev5 a me% l t c scre5 an e>ne/ *ild f ! fire ( ,hom]'s battles4 ,i por$ ov] ! ,odyssey z ov] a /ory-book1 hop+ & fe>+ = ! h]o :om yet ,i p>tly scorn$4 ,b ! ,iliad--l9e by l9e ,i clasp$ x to my bra9 ) rev]5ce z well z ) love4444 ,! impati5t *ild is n grubb+ = beauties1 b pu%+ ! siege2 ! wom5 vex him ) _! delays1 & _! talk+ 444 b all ! :ile t he ?us *afes at ! paus+ ( ! action1 ! /rong v]tical light ( ,hom]'s poetry is blaz+ s full ^u ! p & ?+s ( ! ,iliad1 t soon to ! eyes ( ! *ild !y gr[ famili> z 8 "m's %awl4444 ,x 0 n ! recollection ( s*ool nor college le>n+1 b ! raptur\s & e>ne/ read+ ( my *ildhood1 :i* made me b5d =w>d s long+ly to ! pla9s ( ,troy4 ,,ix ,x is among ! books !n1 & n among ! read]s1 t we mu/ d our select+4 ,b h[8 ,on :at pr9ciple or pr9ciples8 ,sometime 9 ! days ( my y\?1 a newspap]1 ,! ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 !n conduct$ by ,w4 ,t4 ,/ead1 made a consci5ti\s ef=t to solve ! riddle by invit+ a numb] ( em95t m5 to compile li/s ( ! ,hundr$ ,be/ ,books4 ,n[ ?is invitation re/$ on a fallacy4 ,consid]+ = a mom5t h[ p]sonal a ?+ is ,lit]ature1 y w promptly assure y\rselves t !re is--!re c be--no su* ?+ z ! ,hundr$ ,be/ ,books4 ,if y yet incl9e to toy ) ! notion1 c>ry x on & compile a li/ ( ! ,hundr$ ,second-be/ ,books3 nay1 if y w1 cont9ue until y f9d y\rself solemnly1 ) a br[ corrugat$ by responsibility1 weigh+ ! claims 7say7 ( ,velleius ,pat]culus1 ,paul & ,virg9ia & ,mr ,jorrocks to admission among ! ,hundr$ ,t5?-be/ ,books4 ,!re is1 9 fact no positive hi]>*y among ! classics4 ,y _c appraise ! wor? ( ,*>les ,lamb aga9/ ! wor? ( ,casaubon3 ! wor? ( ,hesiod aga9/ ! wor? ( ,madame de ,svign3 ! wor? ( ,?ophile ,gauti] aga9/ ! wor? ( ,dante or ,?omas ,hobbes or ,mac*iavelli or ,jane ,au/54 ,!y all wrote ) p5s1 9 ink1 ^u pap]3 b y no soon] pass beyond ^! resemblances ?an y\r comp>ison f9ds itself work+ 9 imp>i mat]ia4 ,also :y %\ld ! ,be/ ,books be #ajj 9 numb]1 r ?an #ii or #aii8 ,& "u :at conditions is a book a ,be/ ,book8 ,!re are moods 9 :i* we n only pref] ,pickwick to ! ,rig-,v$as or ,sakuntal1 b f9d t x does u m good4 ,9 our day aga9 ,i pay all respect to ,messrs ,d5t's ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 ,x 0 a l>ge conception vigor\sly plann$4 ,b1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 ,ev]yman is go+ to arrive at a po9t beyond :i* he w f9d x m & m difficult to recognise himself3 at a po9t1 let u say1 :5 ,ev]yman1 op5+ a new p>cel1 />ts to d\bt if1 aft] all1 x w\ldn't be money 9 8 pocket to be ,somebody ,else4 ,x ,& yet1 may be1 ,! ,pall ,mall ,gazette 0 on ! "r sc5t4 ,= x 0 9 se>* ( ma/]pieces3 &1 h[ev] we tea*1 our tru/ w 9 ! end repose ^u ma/]pieces1 ^u ! great classics ( :atev] ,language or ,lit]ature we are h&l+3 & ^!1 9 any language are nei!r enorm\s 9 numb] & mass1 nor extraord9>ily difficult to detect1 nor 7be/ ( all7 =bidd+ to ! read] by reason ( _! own difficulty4 ,^u a select$ few ( ^!--ev5 ^u ?ree1 or two1 or "o--we may tea* at lea/ a surmise ( ! true delight1 & may be "s measure ( ta/e :]eby our pupil w1 by an inn] guide1 be w>n$ to *oose ! bett] & reject ! worse :5 we turn him loose to read = himself4 ,to ?is use ( ma/]pieces ,i %all devote my f9al lecture4 ,footnote #a3 ,*>les ,reade notes ?is 9 ,! ,cloi/] & ! ,he>?1 *ap4 ,,lxi4 ,footnote #b3 ,! loose & tautolog\s /yle ( ?is ,preface is wor? not+4 ,likely en\gh ,br[ne wrote x 9 a passion t depriv$ him ( 8 habitual self-comm&4 ,"o phrase alone reveals ! true ,br[ne--t is1 ,br[ne true to himself3 '& "t t br+s o!r ?+s to light1 %\ld h satisfi$ me 9 ! rem$y ( its oblivion4' ,,lecture ,,xii ,,on ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,ma/]pieces ,,w$nesday1 ,,novemb] #f1 #aiah ,i ,i d n ?9k1 ,g5tlem51 t we ne$ to bo!r ourselves today ) any def9ition ( a 'classic1' or ( ! /igmata by :i* a true classic c be recognis$4 ,sa9te-,beuve once indicat$ ^! 9 a fam\s disc\rse1 ,qu'e/-ce qu'un classique3 & x may suffice u t ^! include ,univ]sality & ,p]man5ce4 ,y\r true classic is univ]sal1 9 t x appeals to ! ca?olic m9d ( man4 ,x is d\bly p]man5t3 = x rema9s significant1 or acquires a new significance1 aft] ! age = :i* x 0 writt5 & ! conditions "u :i* x 0 writt51 h pass$ away2 & x yet keeps1 undefac$ by h&l+1 ! orig9al noble impr9t ( ! m9d t fir/ m9t$ x--or %all we say t1 z g5]ation aft] g5]ation r+s ! co91 x ev] returns ! e*o ( its fa!r-_s8 ,b = our purpose x suffices t 9 our lit]ature we possess a numb] ( works to :i* ! title ( classic _c be refus$4 ,s let u conf9e ourselves to ^!1 & to ! "q1 ,h[ to use !m8 ,,ii ,well1 to beg9 )1 ,i rev]t to a po9t :i* ,i tri$ to e/abli% 9 my fir/ lecture2 & insi/ ) all my /r5g? t ! fir/ obligation we owe to any classic1 & to ^? :om we tea*1 & to ourselves1 is to treat x absolutely3 n = any second>y or d]ivative purpose1 or purpose recomm5d$ z useful by any manual3 b at fir/ solely to int]pret ! mean+ :i* its au?or int5d$3 t 9 %ort we %\ld tru/ any giv5 ma/]piece = its op]ation1 on ourselves & on o!rs4 ,9 t fir/ lecture ,i quot$ to y ?is mo/ wise s5t5ce3 ,t all _s is mutually attractive1 z all matt] is mutually attractive1 is an ultimate fact1 & cons5t+ to ?is ) all my he>t ,i say t x matt]s v little = ! mom5t1 or ev5 = a consid]able :ile1 t a pupil does n p]fectly1 or ev5 ne>ly1 und]/& all he reads1 provid$ we c get ! attraction to seize ^u him4 ,he & ! au?or betwe5 !m w d ! re/3 our function is to communicate & tru/4 ,9 :at o!r way d *ildr5 take ! ineffaceable /amp ( a g5tle nurture ?an by daily attraction to :atsoev] is beautiful & amiable & dignifi$ 9 _! home8 ,z !re1 s 9 _! read+1 ! process mu/ be gradual ( acquir+ an inbr$ monitor to reject ! evil & *oose ! good4 ,= x is ! prop]ty ( ma/]pieces t !y n only raise y to despise l[ joys1 l[ ,ga9s2 ,disda9 :atev] ,cornbury disda9s3 !y are n only z ,lamb wrote ( ! ,plays ( ,%akespe>e 'enri*]s ( ! fancy1 /r5g!n]s ( virtue1 a )draw+ f all selfi% & m]c5>y ?\ghts1 a lesson ( all sweet & hon\rable ?\ghts & actions1 to tea* y c\rtesy1 b5ignity1 g5]osity1 humanity'2 b !y raise y\r gorge to def5d y f swall[+ ! fif?-rate1 ! %am1 ! fraudul5t4 ,abeunt /udia 9 mores4 ,i _c1 = my "p1 conceive a man :o has once incorporat$ ! ,pha$o or ! ,p>adiso or ,le> 9 himself z l5d+ himself = a mom5t to "o or o!r ( ! follies pla/]$ 9 ^! late /]n times ^u ! firm & mo/ solid purpose ( ?is nation--! inanities1 let u say1 ( a ,baby-,week4 ,or1 = a m damnable in/ance1 ,i ?9k ( y & me ) ,m>vell's great ,horatian ,ode sunk 9 our m9ds1 /&+ to-day by ! /atue ( ,*>les ,i t looks d[n ,:itehall3 tell+ ourselves ( 't memorable sc5e' be=e ! ,banquet+ ,h\se1 rememb]+ amid old woes all ! glory ( our blood & /ate1 recollect+ :at is due ev5 to ourselves1 /&+ on ! greate/ site ( our capital1 & turn+ to see x degrad$1 z x has be5 = a week1 to a vulg> r>ee-%[4 ,g5tlem51 ,i c\ld read y _m poor ill-writt5 lett]s f mo!rs ^: sons h di$ = ,engl&1 to prove to y we h n des]v$ t1 or ! sort ( plac>d ) :i* ,london has be5 pla/]$1 ,dum domus neae ,capitoli immobile saxum ,accolet4 ,great ent]prises 7z we "k7 & little m9ds g ill toge!r4 ,someone veil$ ! /atue4 ,t1 at lea/1 0 well done4 ,i h n ! in=mation--nor d ,i want x--to make ev5 a guess :o 0 responsible = ?is p>ticul> outrage4 ,i "k ! sort ( man well en\gh to v5ture t he nev] _h a lib]al education1 &1 fur!r1 t he is probably r pr\d ( x4 ,b he may nev]!less own "s in/9ct ( primitive k9dl9ess3 & ,i wi% he c\ld "k h[ he afflicts m5 ( s5sitiv5ess :o h sons at ! ,w>4 ,,iii ,secondly1 let u consid] :at use we c make ( ev5 "o select$ classic4 ,i ref] y back to ! "w ( an old s*oolma/]1 quot$ 9 my fir/ lecture3 ,i believe1 if ! tru? 7 kn[n1 m5 w\ld be a/oni%$ at ! small am\nt ( le>n+ ) :i* a high degree ( culture is compatible4 ,9 a mom5t ( en?usiasm ,i v5tur$ once to tell my ',engli% set' t if !y c\ld really ma/] ! n9? book ( ,p>adise ,lo/1 s z to rise to ! height ( its great argum5t & incorporate all its beauties 9 !mselves1 !y w\ld at "o bl[1 by virtue ( t alone1 become highly cultivat$ m54444 ,m & m v>i\s le>n+ might raise !m to ! same height by diff]5t pa?s1 b c\ld h>dly raise !m high]4 ,i beg y\r att5tion = ! exact words3 'to rise to ! height ( its great argum5t & incorporate all its beauties 9 !mselves4' ,!re y h x--'to incorporate4' ,d y rememb] t say+ ( ,wordswor?'s1 casually dropp$ 9 conv]sation1 b pres]v$ = u by ,hazlitt8--',x is 9 ! highe/ degree unphilosophic to call language or diction ! dress ( our ?\ghts4444 ,x is ! inc>nation ( our ?\ghts4' ,ev5 s1 ,i ma9ta9 to y1 ! fir/ bus9ess ( a le>n] 9 lit]ature is to get complete hold ( "s und5iable ma/]piece & incorporate x1 inc>nate x4 ,&1 ,i repeat1 !re are a few great works = y to *oose f3 works approv$ = y by anci5t & ca?olic judgm5t4 ,,iv ,b let u take some?+ f> simpl] ?an ! ,n9? ,book ( ,p>adise ,lo/ & m direct ?an any translat$ ma/]piece c be 9 its appeal2 some?+ ( high g5ius1 writt5 9 our "m tongue4 ,let u take ,! ,tempe/4 ,( ,! ,tempe/ we may say confid5tly3 7#a7 t x is a lit]>y ma/]piece3 ! la/ mo/ p]fect 'fruit ( ! noble/ tree 9 our ,engli% ,=e/'2 7#b7 t its /ory is q simple2 intelligible to a *ild3 7its basis 9 fact is fairy-tale1 pure & simple--z ,i tri$ to %[ 9 a previ\s lecture72 7#c7 t 9 read+ x--or 9 read+ ,hamlet1 = t matt]-- ! *ild has no s5se at all ( be+ patronis$1 ( be+ 'writt5 d[n to4' ,& ?is has ! /ronge/ be>+ on my argum5t4 ,! great au?ors1 z ,em]son says1 nev] condesc5d4 ,%akespe>e himself speaks to a slip ( a boy1 & t boy feels t he is ,f]d9&2 7#d7 t1 ?\gh ,%akespe>e uses 8 l(tie/1 mo/ accompli%$ &1 9 a s5se1 8 mo/ difficult language3 a way ( talk+ x has co/ him a life-"t to acquire1 9 l9e ^u l9e invit+ ! s*ol>'s1 prosodi/'s1 poet's mo/ c>eful /udy2 t language is no b> to ! *ild's enjoym5t3 b r ca/s ab\t ! :ole play an aura ( magnific5ce :i*1 ) ! assi/ant h>monies1 d\bles & r$\bles ! spell4 ,a *ild no m res5ts ?is because x is /range ?an he objects to read 9 a fairytale ( robb]s conceal$ 9 oil-j>s or ( diamonds big z a roc's egg4 ,:5 w our educators see t :at a *ild dep5ds on is imag9ation1 t :at he dem&s ( life is ! wond]ful1 ! glitt]+1 possibility8 ,n[ if1 putt+ all ?is toge!r & tak+ confid5ce f x1 we boldly laun* a *ild ^u ,! ,tempe/ we %all come soon] or lat] ^u passages t we h arriv$ at f9d+ difficult4 ,we %all come1 = example1 to ! ,masque ( ,iris1 :i* ,iris1 invok+ ,c]es1 ?us op5s3 ,c]es1 mo/ b\nte\s lady1 ?y ri* leas ,( :eat1 rye1 b>ley1 vet*es1 oats & pease2 ,?y turfy m\nta9s1 :]e live nibbl+ %eep1 ,& flat meads ?at*$ ) /ov]1 !m to keep3 ,?y banks ) piond & twilld brims1 ,:i* spongy ,april at ?y he/ betrims-- ,to make cold nymphs *a/e cr[ns2 & ?y broom-groves1 ,^: %ad[ ! dismissd ba*elor loves1 ,be+ lass-lorn2 ?y pole-clipt v9ey>d2 ,& ?y sea-m>ge1 /]ile & rocky h>d1 ,:]e ?\ ?yself do/ air--! ,que5 o' ?' sky1 ,^: watry ar* & mess5g] am ,i1 ,bids !e leave ^!4444 ,! passage is und5iably h>d = any *ild1 ev5 :5 y h paus$ to expla9 :o ,c]es is1 :o ,iris1 :o ! ,que5 o' ! sky1 & :at ,iris means by call+ h]self 'h] wat]y ar* & mess5g]4' ,! grammatical /ructure n only /&s on its head b ma9ta9s t po/ure = an extravagant :ile4 ,naturally 7or r let u say1 ord9>ily7 x w\ld run1 ',c]es1 ! ,que5 o' ! sky bids !e leave--?y ri* leas1 etc4' ,b1 ! l9es be+ twelve-&-a-half 9 numb]1 we get no h9t ( !re be+ any grammatical subject until x bur/s on u 9 ! second half ( l9e elev51 :ile ! two ma9 v]bs & ! object ( "o ( !m yet l+] to be explod$ 9 ! la/ half-l9e1 ',bids !e leave ^!4' ,& ?is aga9 is z no?+ to ! difficulties ( int]pretation4 ',dismissd ba*elor' may be easy2 'pole-clipt v9ey>d' is c]ta9ly n1 at fir/ sight4 ',to make cold nymphs *a/e cr[ns4' ,:at cold nymphs8 ,y h to wait = ano!r fifty odd l9es be=e be+ q sure t ,%akespe>e means ,naiads 7& ',:at are ,naiads8' says ! *ild7 --'temp]ate nymphs'3 ,y nymphs1 call$ ,naiads1 ( ! w9dr+ brooks1 ,) y\r s$g$ cr[ns444 --& if ! *ild dem& :at is meant by 'piond & twilld brims1' y h to answ] him t nobody kn[s4 ,^! difficulties--p]haps = y1 c]ta9ly = ! "y read] or li/5]--are res]v$ delights4 ,my old s*oolma/] ev5 indulges ?is suspicion--',i nev] c p]suade myself t ,%akespe>e w\ld h pass$ high 9 a ,civil ,s]vice ,exam9ation on "o ( 8 own plays4' ,at any rate y don't beg9 ) ^! difficulties3 y don't 7or ,i hope y don't7 read ! notes fir/3 s9ce1 z ,bacon puts x1 ',/udies tea* n _! own use4' ,z = ! *ild1 he is n 'grubb+ = beauties'2 he magnific5tly ignores :at he _c = ! mom5t und]/&1 be+ int5t on ,:at ,is1 ! he>t & secret ( ! adv5ture4 ,he is ,f]d9& 7,i repeat7 & ! isle is 'full ( voices4' ,if ^! voices 7 all intelligible1 :y !n1 z ,br[n+ w\ld say1 '! less ,isl& x4' ,v ,i h purposely exhibit$ ,! ,tempe/ at its lea/ tractable4 ,:o w d5y t z a :ole x c be made intelligible ev5 to v "y *ildr5 by ! simple process ( read+ x ) !m intellig5tly8 or t ! my/]ies su* a read+ leaves unexpla9$ are ( ! sort to fasc9ate a *ild's m9d & allure x8 ,b if ?is be grant$1 ,i h e/abli%$ my cont5tion t ! ,humanities %\ld n be treat$ z a m]e cr[n & ornam5t ( education2 t !y %\ld in=m e "p ( x1 f ! beg9n+1 9 e s*ool ( ! realm3 t :e!r a *ild h m education or less education1 :at he has c be1 & %\ld be1 a 'lib]al education' ?r\gh\t4 ,mat!w ,arnold1 z e "o kn[s1 us$ to prea* ! use ( ^! ma/]pieces z prophylactics ( ta/e4 ,i w\ld ,i c\ld make y feel t !y are ev5 m necess>y to u4 ,! reason :y8--,! reason is t e *ild born 9 ^! ,isl&s is born into a democracy :i*1 ap>t f home affairs1 /&s committ$ to a high responsibility = ! future welf>e & good gov]nance ( ,europe4 ,= ?ree c5turies or s x has held rule ov] va/ /ret*es ( ! e>?'s surface & _m millions ( /range peoples3 :ile its obligations t[>ds ! g5]al civilisation ( ,europe1 if n int]mitt5t1 h be5 tight5$ or relax$1 n[ "h1 n[ !re1 by policy1 by comm]ce1 by dyna/ic alliances1 by sudd5 revulsions or sympa?ies4 ,b ?is ,w> w leave u b\nd to ,europe z we nev] h be53 &1 :e!r we l x or n1 no less inextricably b\nd to foe ?an to fri5d4 ,!re=e1 ,i say1 x has become important1 & 9 a f> high] degree ?an x ev] 0 be=e ! ,w>1 t our c\ntrym5 gr[ up ) a s5se ( :at ,i may call ! s\l ( ,europe4 ,& n[h]e b 9 lit]ature 7:i* is memorable spee*'7--or at any rate1 n[h]e s well z 9 lit]ature--c !y f9d ?is s5se4 ,,vi ,!re 01 z we h se51 a "t 9 ,europe1 ext5d+ ov] _m c5turies1 :5 mank9d dwelt "u ! preoccupation ( mak+ lit]ature1 & /ill mak+ m ( x4 ,! #e? c5tury ,b4,c4 9 ,a!ns 0 su* a "t2 & if y w y may envy1 z we all admire1 ! m5 ( an age :5 to write at all 0 tantam\nt to ass]t+ g5ius2 ! m5 :o1 9 ,newman's words1 des]ve to be ,classics1 bo? because ( :at !y d & because !y c d x4' ,if y envy--:ile y envy--at lea/ rememb] t ^! ?+s (t5 paid _! price2 t ! ,pha$o1 = example1 0 b\ght = u by ! dea? ( ,socrates4 ,pass ,a!ns & come to ,alex&ria3 /ill m5 are accumulat+ books & ! mat]ial = books2 ?re%+ out ! ,classics into comm5t>ies & gramm>s1 g>n]+ books 9 great libr>ies4 ,!re foll[s an age :i* int]rupts ?is hive-l lab\r ) sudd5 & ins5sate de/ruction4 ,g]man tribes f ! nor?1 ,turki% f ! ea/1 break 9 ^u ! gran>ies & s5d up lit]ature 9 flames2 ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs f ,t]tullian to ,gregory ! ,great 7,i regret to say7 ei!r he>tily assi/+ or at lea/ w>m+ _! b5$ictory h&s at ! blaze3 & s ?or\ghly !y d _! "w t ev5 ! writ+s ( ,ari/otle1 ! ,philosoph]1 mu/ wait = c5turies z '?+s sil5tly gone out ( m9d or ?+s viol5tly de/roy$' 7to borr[ ,wordswor?'s f9e phrase7 & creep back into ,europe bit by bit1 "u cov] ( ,arabic translations4 ,! s*ol>s set to "w & beg9 rebuild+3 pati5t1 indefatigable1 anonym\s z ! coral insects at "w on a ,pacific atoll-build+1 build+1 until on ! ne> side ( ! gulf we call ! ,d>k ,age1 islets ( s*ol>%ip lift !mselves above ! wat]s3 m]e specks at fir/1 b ridges appe> & connect !m3 &1 to fir/ seem+1 /]ile en\gh3 ,nec ,c]]i opportuna seges1 nec commoda ,bac*o-- b z !y jo9 & become a t]ra firma1 a ?9 soil ga!rs on !m ,god kn[s :5ce3 &1 ,god kn[s :5ce1 ! se$ is br\ght1 'x may *ance ( :eat1 or ( "s o!r gra94' ,!re is a price1 aga91 = ?is resurrection3 b h[ nobly1 h[ bli!ly paid y may le>n1 )\t seek+ recondite examples1 f ,cu?b]t's fam\s lett] describ+ ! dea? ( ,b$e4 ,comp>e t /ory ) t ( ! la/ conv]sation ( ,socrates2 & y w surely recognise t ! two m5 are bro!rs born out ( "t2 t ,b$e's "w has be5 a legacy2 t 8 life has be5 giv5 to recreat+--n s*ol>%ip m]ely nor lit]ature m]ely--b1 ?r\gh !m bo?1 some?+ above !m bo?--! s\l ( ,europe4 ,& ?is may or may n lead y on to reflect t beyond our pres5t passions1 & beyond ?is ,w>1 9 a common sanity ,europe 7& ,am]ica ) h]7 w h to discov] t common s\l aga94 ,b em95t spirits su* z ,b$e's are1 by _! v em95ce1 less repres5tative ( ! process--ess5tially fugitive & self-abnegatory--?an ! ?\s&s ( copyi/s :o h left no "n beh9d !m4 ,let me read y a %ort p>agraph f ,! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,*apt] #aa1 writt51 ! o!r day1 by "o ( our own tea*]s3 ,! cloi/] 0 ! c5tre ( life 9 ! mona/]y1 & 9 ! cloi/] 0 ! work%op ( ! pati5t scribe4 ,x is h>d to realise t ! fair & seemly h&writ+ ( ^! manuscripts 0 execut$ by f+]s :i*1 on w9t] days1 :5 ! w9d h[l$ ?r\gh ! cloi/]s1 mu/ h be5 numb$ by icy cold4 ,x is true t1 occasionally1 little c>rels or /udies 9 ! recesses ( ! w9d[s 7 scre5$ (f f ! ma9 walk ( ! cloi/]1 &1 sometimes1 a small room or cell w\ld be p>tition$ (f = ! use ( a s+le scribe4 ,! room w\ld !n be call$ ! ,scriptorium1 b x is unlikely t any save ! olde/ & mo/ le>n$ ( ! community 7 af=d$ ?is luxury4 ,9 ^! scriptoria ( v>i\s k9ds ! e>lie/ annals & *ronicles 9 ! ,engli% language 7 p5n$1 9 ! beautiful & pa9/ak+ =ms 9 :i* we "k !m4 ,if y seek te/imony1 "h are ! ipsissima v]ba ( a poor monk ( ,wessobrunn endors$ ^u 8 ,,ms3 ,! book :i* y n[ see 0 writt5 9 ! out] seats ( ! cloi/]4 ,:ile ,i wrote ,i froze3 & :at ,i c\ld n write by ! beams ( day ,i f9i%$ by c&lelight4 ,we might pr(itably sp5d--b to-day _c sp>e--a :ile ^u ! pa9s ^! m5 ( ! ,middle ,ages took to accumulate books & to keep !m4 ,! *a9$ volumes 9 old libr>ies1 = example1 might give u a text = ?is z well z />t u speculat+ :y x is t1 to ?is day1 ! human consci5ce incurably decl9es to include books ) o!r portable prop]ty cov]$ by ! ,eigh? ,comm&m5t4 ,or we might foll[ sev]al ( ! e>ly s*ol>s & humani/s 9 _! passionate *as+s across ,europe1 9 & out ( obscure mona/]ies1 to recov] ! lo/ ,,mss ( ! classics3 might tell1 = in/ance1 ( ,pope ,ni*olas ,v1 ^: bir?-"n 0 ,tommaso ,p>5tucelli1 & h[ he rescu$ ! ,,mss f ,con/ant9ople & f\nd$ ! ,vatican ,libr>y3 or ( ,aurispa ( ,sicily :o collect$ two hundr$ & ?irty-eight = ,flor5ce3 or ! /ory ( ! editio pr9ceps ( ! ,greek text ( ,hom]4 ,or we might dwell on ! awak+ ( our lit]ature1 & ! tr5d giv5 to x1 by m5 ( ! ,italian & ,fr5* r5aissance2 or on ! resid5ce ( ,erasmus "h1 9 ?is ,univ]sity1 ) its results4 ,,vii ,b ,i h said en\gh to make x cle> t1 z we owe s mu* ( our be/ to und]/&+ ,europe1 s ! ne$ to und]/& ,europe lies urg5tly to-day ^u l>ge classes 9 ?is c\ntry2 & t yet1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 ^! classes c nev] enjoy su* leisure z our =efa!rs enjoy$ to und]/& :at ,i call ! s\l ( ,europe1 or at lea/ to misund]/& x ^u acqua9tance4 ,let me po9t out fur!r t )9 ! la/ few mon?s we h d\bl$ ! difficulty at a /roke by %>+ ! gov]nm5t ( our c\ntry ) wom5 & admitt+ !m to ,p>liam5t4 ,x beseems a great nation to take great risks3 to d>e !m is at once a sign & a prop]ty ( greatness3 & = good or ill--b = limitless good z we tru/--our c\ntry has quietly made ?is ent]prise amid ! preoccupations ( ! greate/ ,w> 9 its annals4 ,look at x z y w--let o!r g5]ations judge x z !y w--x /&s a monum5t ( our fai? 9 free self-gov]nm5t t 9 ^! mo/ p]il\s days we gave & took s high a gu]don ( tru/ 9 "o ano!r4 ,b cle>ly x implies t all ! wom5 ( ?is c\ntry1 d[n to ! small girls ent]+ our elem5t>y s*ools1 mu/ be taught a great _m ?+s _! mo!rs & gr&mo!rs--happy 9 _! g5]ation--7 cont5t n to "k#a4 ,x _c be d5i$1 ,i ?9k1 t 9 ! long c\rse ( ?is ,w>1 n[ happily on ! po9t ( a victori\s conclusion1 we h suff]$ heavily ?r\gh pa/ neglect & pres5t nesci5ce ( our lit]ature1 :i* is s mu* m ,european1 s mu* m ca?olic1 a ?+ ?an ei!r our politics or our national religion3 t l>gely by reason ( ?is neglect & ?is nesci5ce our /atesm5 h aga9 & aga9 fail$ to =esee h[ cont95tal nations w\ld act ?r\gh fail+ to und]/& _! m9ds2 & h almo/ inv>iably1 ?r\gh ?is lack ( sympa!tic und]/&+1 fail$ to int]pret u to =eign fri5d or foe1 ev5 :5 7& x 0 n (t57 !y int]pret$ u to ourselves4 ,i note t ,am]ica--a c\ntry ) no comp>able sep>ate tradition ( lit]ature--has cu/om>ily *os5 m5 di/+ui%$ by ! grace ( lett]s = ambassadors to ! ,c\rt ( ,/ ,james--,motley1 ,l[ell1 ,hay1 ,page1 9 our "t3 & has = h] ,presid5t a man ( lett]s--& a ,pr(essor at t6--:]eas1 ev5 9 ^! critical days1 ,great ,brita91 hav+ a mo/ noble cause & at lea/ half-a-hundr$ writ]s & speak]s capable ( pres5t+ x ) dignity & s cle>ly t no neutral nation c\ld mi/ake its logic1 has by pref]5ce entru/$ x to /unt j\rnali/s & film-arti/es4 ,if 9 ^! lat] days y h lack$ a voice to int]pret y 9 ! great acc5t ( a ,*a?am1 ! cause lies 9 pa/ indiff]5ce to t lit]>y tradition :i* is by no means ! lea/ among ! glories ( our bir? & /ate4 ,,viii ,ma/]pieces1 !n1 w s]ve u z prophylactics ( ta/e1 ev5 f *ildhood2 & w help u1 fur!r1 to int]pret ! common m9d ( civilisation4 ,b !y h a ?ird & yet nobl] use4 ,!y tea* u to lift our own s\ls4 ,= witness to ?is & to ! way ( x ,i am go+ to call an old writ] = :om1 be x :im or n1 ,i h an almo/ #ah? c5tury rev]5ce--,long9us4 ,no "o exactly kn[s :o he 02 al?\gh x is usual to id5tify him ) t ,long9us :o philosophis$ 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,que5 ,z5obia & 0 by h]1 9 h] d[nfall1 h&$ ov] ) h] o!r c\nsellors to be execut$ by ,aurelian3 ?\gh aga91 z is usual1 c]ta9 bold bad m5 affirm t1 :e!r he 0 ?is ,long9us or n1 ! treatise ( :i* ,i speak 0 n writt5 by any ,long9us at all b by someone ) a diff]5t "n1 ) :i* !y are unacqua9t$4 ,be ?is z x may1 somebody wrote ! treatise & its fir/ editor1 ,francis ,rob]tello ( ,basle1 9 #aeed call$ him ,dionysius ,long9us2 & s %all ,i1 & h done ) x1 c>eless t o!r ,,mss ?an t us$ by ,rob]tello speak ( ,dionysius or ,long9us4 ,dionysius ,long9us1 !n1 9 ! #crd c5tury ,a4,d4--"s say 9 ! #a/3 x is no great matt]--wrote a little book ,greek3 ,,p]i ,,ups\s commonly cit$ z ,long9us on ! ,sublime4 ,! title is h&y1 b q mislead+1 unless y rememb] t by ',sublimity' ,long9us meant1 z he expressly def9es x1 'a c]ta9 di/9ction & excell5ce 9 spee*4' ,! book1 ?us recov]$1 _h great au?ority ) critics ( ! #ag? & #ah? c5turies4 ,= ! la/ hundr$ ye>s x has q undes]v$ly gone out ( vogue4 ,x is 7,i admit7 a puzzl+ book1 ?\gh q cle> 9 argum5t & language3 pellucidly cle>1 b "h & !re /rangely mod]n1 ev5 haunt+ly mod]n1 if ! phrase may be all[$4 ,y f9d y\rself rubb+ y\r eyes ov] a passage m l ,mat!w ,arnold ?an some?+ ( ! #crd c5tury3 or y come )\t w>n+ on a few l9es ( 'comp>ative criticism1' z we call x --an illu/ration f ,g5esis--',god said1 ,let !re be ,light1 & !re 0 ,light' us$ = a specim5 ( ! exalt$ way ( say+ ?+s4 ,g5]ally1 y h a s5se t ?is au?or's l9eage is my/]i\s aft] ! fa%ion ( ,mel*is$ek's4 ,well1 to our po9t--,long9us f9ds t ! conditions ( l(ty utt]ance are five3 ( :i* ! fir/ is by f> ! mo/ important4 ,& ?is =emo/ condition is innate3 y ei!r h x or y h n4 ,"h x is3 ',else:]e1' says ,long9us1 ',i h writt5 z foll[s3 ,sublimity is ! e*o ( a great s\l4 ,h5ce ev5 a b>e idea sometimes1 by itself & )\t a spok5 ^w w excite admiration1 j because ( ! greatness ( s\l impli$4 ,?us ! sil5ce ( ,ajax 9 ! und]world is great & m sublime ?an words4' ,y rememb] ! passage1 h[ ,odysseus meets t great _s among ! %ades & w\ld placate x1 w\ld 'make up' _! qu>rel on e>? n[1 ) c>ney+ words3 ',ajax1 son ( noble ,telamon1 wilt ?\ n !n1 ev5 9 dea? =get ?9e ang] aga9/ me ov] t curs$ arm\r4444 ,nay1 !re is none o!r to blame b ,zeus3 he laid ?y doom on !e4 ,nay1 come hi!r1 ,o my "l1 & he> me & ma/] ?9e indignation3 ,s ,i spake1 b he answ]$ me n a ^w1 b /rode f me into ! ,d>kness1 foll[+ ! o!rs ( ! dead t be dep>t$4 ,long9us goes on3 ,x is by all means necess>y to po9t ?is out--t ! truly eloqu5t mu/ be free f base & ignoble 7or ill-br$7 ?\ghts4 ,= x is n possible t m5 :o live _! lives ) mean & s]vile aims & ideas %\ld produce :at is admirable & wor?y ( immortality4 ,great acc5ts we expect to fall f ! lips ( ^? ^: ?\ghts are dignifi$4 ,believe ?is & x surely foll[s1 z concave implies convex1 t by daily conv]se & association ) ^! great ones we take _! bre$+1 _! mann]s1 e>n _! magnanimity1 make ours _! gifts ( c\rtesy1 unselfi%ness1 mansuetude1 high seat$ pride1 scorn ( pett9ess1 :olesome pl5tiful jovial laught]4 ,he t ( su* a height ha? built 8 m9d1 ,& re>'d ! dwell+ ( 8 s\l s /rong ,z nei!r fe> nor hope c %ake ! frame ,( 8 resolvd p[]s1 nor all ! w9d ,( vanity or malice pi]ce to wrong ,8 settl$ peace1 or to di/urb ! same2 ,:at a fair seat ha? he1 f :5ce he may ,! b\ndless wa/es & wilds ( man survey6 ,& ) h[ free an eye do? he look d[n ,^u ^! l[] regions ( turmoil6 ,:]e all ! /orms ( passions ma9ly beat ,on fle% & blood2 :]e hon\r1 p[]1 r5[n1 ,are only gay afflictions1 gold5 toil2 ,:]e greatness /&s ^u z feeble feet ,z frailty do?2 & only great do? seem ,to little m9ds1 :o d x s e/eem4444 ,kn[+ ! he>t ( man is set to be ,! c5tre ( ?is _w1 ab\t ! :i* ,^! revolutions ( di/urbances ,/ill roll2 :]e all ?' aspects ( mis]y ,pr$om9ate2 ^: /rong effects are su* ,z he mu/ be>1 be+ p[]less to r$ress2 ,& t1 unless above himself he c ,erect himself1 h[ poor a ?+ is man6#b ,,ix ,if ! exhortation ( ^! v]ses be some:at too high & /oical = y1 let me return to ,long9us & read y1 f 8 conclud+ *apt]1 a passage y may f9d n inapposite to ^! times1 nor )\t a moral3 ',x rema9s' he says 'to cle> up1 my de> ,t]5tianus1 a "q :i* a c]ta9 philosoph] has rec5tly moot$4 ,i wond]1' he says1 'z no d\bt d _m o!rs1 h[ x happ5s t 9 our "t !re are m5 :o h ! gift ( p]suasion to ! utmo/ ext5t1 & are well fitt$ = public life1 & are ke5 & ready1 & p>ticul>ly ri* 9 all ! *>ms ( language1 yet !re no long] arise really l(ty & transc5d5t natures unless x be q p]adv5ture4 ,s great & _w-wide a de>? ( high utt]ance att5ds our age4 ,c x be1' he cont9u$1 'we are to accept ! common cant t democracy is ! nurs+ "m ( g5ius1 & t great m5 ( lett]s fl\ri% & die ) x8 ,= fre$om1 !y say1 has ! p[] to *]i% & enc\rage magnanim\s m9ds1 & ) x is dissem9at$ eag] mutual rivalry & ! emul\s ?ir/ to excel4 ,moreov]1 by ! prizes op5 "u a popul> gov]nm5t1 ! m5tal faculties ( orators are p]petually practis$ & :ett$1 & z x 71 rubb$ bright1 s t !y %9e free z ! /ate itself4 ,:]eas to-day1' he w5t on1 'we seem to h le>nt z an infant-lesson t s]vitude is ! law ( life2 be+ all wrapp$1 :ile our ?\ghts are yet "y & t5d]1 9 obs]vances & cu/oms z 9 swaddl+ clo!s1 b\nd )\t access to t faire/ & mo/ f]tile s\rce ( man's spee* 7,i mean ,fre$om7 s t we are turn$ out 9 no o!r guise ?an t ( s]vile flatt]]s4 ,& s]vitude 7x has be5 well said7 ?\gh x be ev5 righte\s1 is ! cage ( ! s\l & a public prison-h\se4' ,b ,i answ]$ him ?us4--',x is easy1 my good sir1 & *>act]i/ic ( human nature1 to gird at ! age 9 :i* "o lives4 ,yet consid] :e!r x may n be true t x is less ! _w's peace t ru9s noble nature ?an ?is w> illimitable :i* holds our aspirations 9 its fi/1 & occupies our age ) passions z ) troops t utt]ly plund] & h>ry x4 ,! love ( money & ! love ( pleasure enslave u1 or r1 z "o may say1 dr[n u body & s\l 9 _! dep?s4 ,= va/ & un*eck$ weal? m>*es ) lu/ ( pleasure = comrade1 & :5 "o op5s ! gate ( h\se or city1 ! o!r at once ent]s & abides4 ,& 9 "t ^! two build ne/s 9 ! he>ts ( m51 & quickly re> a prog5y only too legitimate3 & ! ru9 )9 ! man is gradually consummat$ z ! sublimities ( 8 s\l )] away & fade1 & 9 ec/atic contemplation ( our mortal p>ts we omit to exalt1 & come to neglect 9 non*alance1 t )9 u :i* is immortal4' ,i _h a fri5d once :o1 be+ 9 d\bt ) :at picture to decorate ! *imney-piece 9 8 libr>y1 ca/ away *oice & wrote up two ,greek words--,greek3 ,,psy*es ',,iatreion2 t is1 ! hospital--! heal+-place--( ! s\l4 ,footnote #a3 ',well6 444 my education is at la/ f9i%$3 inde$ x w\ld be /range1 if1 aft] five ye>s' h>d application1 any?+ 7 left incomplete4 ,happily t is all ov] n[2 & ,i h no?+ to d1 b to ex]cise my v>i\s accompli%m5ts4 ',let me see6--z to ,fr5*1 ,i am mi/ress ( t1 & speak x1 if possible1 ) m flu5cy ?an ,engli%4 ,italian ,i c read ) ease1 & pron\nce v well3 z well at lea/1 & bett]1 ?an any ( my fri5ds2 & t is all "o ne$ wi% = 9 ,italian4 ,music ,i h le>n$ till ,i am p]fectly sick ( x4 ,b 444 x w be delightful to play :5 we h company4 ,i mu/ /ill cont9ue to practise a little2--! only ?+1 ,i ?9k1 t ,i ne$ n[ to improve myself 94 ,& !n !re are my ,italian songs6 :i* ev]ybody all[s ,i s+ ) ta/e1 & z x is :at s few p c pret5d to1 ,i am p>ticul>ly glad t ,i c4 ',my draw+s are univ]sally admir$2 especially ! %ells & fl[]s2 :i* are beautiful1 c]ta9ly2 besides ?is1 ,i h a decid$ ta/e 9 all k9ds ( fancy ornam5ts4 ',& !n my danc+ & waltz+6 9 :i* our ma/] himself own$ t he c\ld take me no fur!r6 j ! figure = x c]ta9ly2 x w\ld be unp>donable if ,i did n excel4 ',z to common ?+s1 geography1 & hi/ory1 & poetry1 & philosophy1 ?ank my />s1 ,i h got ?r\gh !m all6 s t ,i may consid] myself n only p]fectly accompli%$1 b also ?or\ghly well-in=m$4 ',well1 to be sure1 h[ mu* h ,i fagg$ ?r\gh--2 ! only wond] is t "o head c conta9 x all4' ,i f\nd ?is 9 a little book ,?\ghts ( ,div9es & ,philosoph]s1 select$ by ,basil ,montagu4 ,! quotation is sign$ ',j4 ,t4' ,i _c trace x1 b suspect ,jane ,taylor4 ,footnote #b3 ,samuel ,daniel1 ,epi/le to ! ,lady ,m>g>et1 ,c\ntess ( ,cumb]l&4 ,,index ,acts ( ! 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