,,eu?yphro  ,by ,plato   ,translat$ by  
,b5jam9 ,j[ett     ,,introduction4  ,9 !
 ,m5o1 ,anytus _h p>t$ f ,socrates ) !  
significant words3 ',t 9 any city1 &    
p>ticul>ly 9 ! city ( ,a!ns1 x is easi] 
to d m5 h>m ?an to d !m good2' &        
,socrates 0 anticipat+ ano!r opportunity
 ( talk+ ) him4 ,9 ! ,eu?yphro1         
,socrates is await+ 8 trial = impiety4  
,b be=e ! trial beg9s1 ,plato w\ld l to 
put ! _w on _! trial1 & conv9ce !m (    
ignorance 9 t v matt] t\*+ :i* ,socrates
 is accus$4 ,an incid5t :i* may p]haps  
really h occurr$ 9 ! family ( ,eu?yphro1
 a le>n$ ,a!nian div9] & soo?say]1      
furni%es ! occasion ( ! discussion4     
,?is ,eu?yphro & ,socrates are repres5t$
 z meet+ 9 ! por* ( ! ,k+ ,ar*on4       
7,comp>e ,!aet47 ,bo? h legal bus9ess 9 
h&4 ,socrates is def5dant 9 a suit =    
impiety :i* ,meletus has br\ght aga9/   
him 7x is rem>k$ by ! way t he is n a   
likely man himself to h br\ght a suit   
aga9/ ano!r72 & ,eu?yphro too is        
pla9tiff 9 an action = murd]1 :i* he has

 br\ght aga9/ 8 own fa!r4 ,! latt] has  
orig9at$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,a poor     
dep5dant ( ! family _h sla9 "o ( _!     
dome/ic slaves 9 ,naxos4 ,! guilty p]son
 0 b\nd & ?r[n into a dit* by ! comm& ( 
,eu?yphro's fa!r1 :o s5t to ! int]pret]s
 ( religion at ,a!ns to ask :at %\ld be 
done ) him4 ,be=e ! mess5g] came back ! 
crim9al _h di$ f hung] & exposure4  ,?is
 is ! orig9 ( ! *>ge ( murd] :i*        
,eu?yphro br+s aga9/ 8 fa!r4 ,socrates  
is confid5t t be=e he c\ld h und]tak5 ! 
responsibility ( su* a prosecution1 he  
mu/ h be5 p]fectly in=m$ ( ! nature (   
piety & impiety2 & z he is go+ to be    
tri$ = impiety himself1 he ?9ks t he _c 
d bett] ?an le>n ( ,eu?yphro 7:o w be   
admitt$ by ev]ybody1 includ+ ! judges1  
to be an unimpea*able au?ority7 :at     
piety is1 & :at is impiety4 ,:at !n is  
piety8  ,eu?yphro1 :o1 9 ! abundance ( 8
 k1 is v will+ to und]take all !        
responsibility1 replies3 ,t piety is do+
 z ,i d1 prosecut+ y\r fa!r 7if he is   
guilty7 on a *>ge ( murd]2 do+ z ! gods 

d--z ,zeus did to ,cronos1 & ,cronos to 
,uranus4  ,socrates has a dislike to ^! 
tales ( my?ology1 & he fancies t ?is    
dislike ( 8 may be ! reason :y he is    
*>g$ ) impiety4 ',are !y really true8'  
',yes1 !y are2' & ,eu?yphro w gladly    
tell ,socrates "s m ( !m4 ,b ,socrates  
w\ld l fir/ ( all to h a m satisfactory 
answ] to ! "q1 ',:at is piety8' ',do+ z 
,i d1 *>g+ a fa!r ) murd]1' may be a    
s+le in/ance ( piety1 b c h>dly be      
reg>d$ z a g5]al def9ition4  ,eu?yphro  
replies1 t ',piety is :at is de> to !   
gods1 & impiety is :at is n de> to !m4' 
,b may !re n be diff]5ces ( op9ion1 z   
among m51 s also among ! gods8          
,especially1 ab\t good & evil1 :i* h no 
fix$ rule2 & ^! are precisely ! sort (  
diff]5ces :i* give rise to qu>rels4 ,&  
!re=e :at may be de> to "o god may n be 
de> to ano!r1 & ! same action may be bo?
 pi\s & impi\s2 e4g4 y\r *a/isem5t ( y\r
 fa!r1 ,eu?yphro1 may be de> or pleas+  
to ,zeus 7:o inflict$ a simil> *a/isem5t
 on 8 own fa!r71 b n equally pleas+ to  

,cronos or ,uranus 7:o suff]$ at ! h&s (
 _! sons74  ,eu?yphro answ]s t !re is no
 diff]5ce ( op9ion1 ei!r among gods or  
m51 z to ! propriety ( puni%+ a murd]]4 
,yes1 rejo9s ,socrates1 :5 !y "k him to 
be a murd]]2 b y are assum+ ! po9t at   
issue4 ,if all ! circum/ances ( ! case  
are consid]$1 are y able to %[ t y\r    
fa!r 0 guilty ( murd]1 or t all ! gods  
are agre$ 9 approv+ ( our prosecution ( 
him8 ,& mu/ y n all[ t :at is hat$ by "o
 god may be lik$ by ano!r8 ,waiv+ ?is   
la/1 h[ev]1 ,socrates proposes to am5d !
 def9ition1 & say t ':at all ! gods love
 is pi\s1 & :at !y all hate is impi\s4' 
,to ?is ,eu?yphro agrees4  ,socrates    
proce$s to analyze ! new =m ( !         
def9ition4 ,he %[s t 9 o!r cases ! act  
prec$es ! /ate2 e4g4 ! act ( be+ c>ri$1 
lov$1 etc4 prec$es ! /ate ( be+ c>ri$1  
lov$1 etc41 & !re=e t :i* is de> to !   
gods is de> to ! gods because x is fir/ 
lov$ ( !m1 n lov$ ( !m because x is de> 
to !m4 ,b ! pi\s or holy is lov$ by !   
gods because x is pi\s or holy1 :i* is  

equival5t to say+1 t x is lov$ by !m    
because x is de> to !m4 ,"h !n appe>s to
 be a contradiction1--,eu?yphro has be5 
giv+ an attribute or accid5t ( piety    
only1 & n ! ess5ce4 ,eu?yphro ackn[l$ges
 himself t 8 explanations seem to walk  
away or g r\nd 9 a circle1 l ! mov+     
figures ( ,da$alus1 ! ance/or (         
,socrates1 :o has communicat$ 8 art to 8
 desc5dants4  ,socrates1 :o is desir\s (
 /imulat+ ! indol5t intellig5ce (       
,eu?yphro1 raises ! "q 9 ano!r mann]3   
',is all ! pi\s j8' ',yes4' ',is all ! j
 pi\s8' ',no4' ',!n :at "p ( ju/ice is  
piety8' ,eu?yphro replies t piety is t  
"p ( ju/ice :i* 'att5ds' to ! gods1 z   
!re is ano!r "p ( ju/ice :i* 'att5ds' to
 m54 ,b :at is ! mean+ ( 'att5d+' to !  
gods8 ,! ^w 'att5d+1' :5 appli$ to dogs1
 horses1 & m51 implies t 9 "s way !y are
 made bett]4 ,b h[ d pi\s or holy acts  
make ! gods any bett]8 ,eu?yphro expla9s
 t he means by pi\s acts1 acts ( s]vice 
or m9i/ration4 ,yes2 b ! m9i/rations ( !
 husb&man1 ! physician1 & ! build] h an 

end4 ,to :at end d we s]ve ! gods1 & :at
 d we help !m to accompli%8 ,eu?yphro   
replies1 t all ^! difficult que/ions _c 
be resolv$ 9 a %ort "t2 & he w\ld r say 
simply t piety is kn[+ h[ to please !   
gods 9 ^w & de$1 by pray]s & sacrifices4
 ,9 o!r words1 says ,socrates1 piety is 
'a sci5ce ( ask+ & giv+'--ask+ :at we   
want & giv+ :at !y want2 9 %ort1 a mode 
( do+ bus9ess betwe5 gods & m54 ,b      
al?\gh !y are ! giv]s ( all good1 h[ c  
we give !m any good 9 return8 ',nay1 b  
we give !m hon\r4' ,!n we give !m n :at 
is b5eficial1 b :at is pleas+ or de> to 
!m2 & ?is is ! po9t :i* has be5 already 
disprov$4  ,socrates1 al?\gh we>y ( !   
subt]fuges & evasions ( ,eu?yphro1      
rema9s un%ak5 9 8 conviction t he mu/ "k
 ! nature ( piety1 or he w\ld nev] h    
prosecut$ 8 old fa!r4 ,he is /ill hop+ t
 he w condesc5d to in/ruct him4 ,b      
,eu?yphro is 9 a hurry & _c /ay4 ,&     
,socrates' la/ hope ( kn[+ ! nature (   
piety be=e he is prosecut$ = impiety has
 disappe>$4 ,z 9 ! ,eu?ydemus ! irony is

 c>ri$ on to ! end4  ,! ,eu?yphro is    
manife/ly design$ to contra/ ! real     
nature ( piety & impiety ) ! popul>     
conceptions ( !m4 ,b :5 ! popul>        
conceptions ( !m h be5 ov]?r[n1         
,socrates does n (f] any def9ition ( 8  
own3 z 9 ! ,la*es & ,lysis1 he prep>es !
 way = an answ] to ! "q :i* he has      
rais$2 b true to 8 own "*1 refuses to   
answ] himself4  ,eu?yphro is a          
religioni/1 & is else:]e spok5 (1 if he 
be ! same p]son1 z ! au?or ( a          
philosophy ( names1 by ^: 'pranc+ /e$s' 
,socrates 9 ! ,cratylus is c>ri$ away4  
,he has ! conceit & self-confid5ce ( a  
,sophi/2 no d\bt t he is "r 9 prosecut+ 
8 fa!r has ev] ent]$ into 8 m9d4 ,l a   
,sophi/ too1 he is incapable ei!r (     
fram+ a g5]al def9ition or ( foll[+ !   
c\rse ( an argum5t4 ,8 wrong-head$ness1 
"o-sid$ness1 n>r[ness1 positiv5ess1 are 
*>act]i/ic ( 8 prie/ly (fice4 ,8 failure
 to appreh5d an argum5t may be comp>$ to
 a simil> defect :i* is obs]vable 9 !   
rhapsode ,ion4 ,b he is n a bad man1 &  

he is fri5dly to ,socrates1 ^: famili>  
sign he recognizes ) int]e/4 ,?\gh      
unable to foll[ him he is v will+ to be 
l$ by him1 & eag]ly cat*es at any       
sugge/ion :i* saves him f ! tr\ble (    
?9k+4 ,moreov] he is ! enemy ( ,meletus1
 :o1 z he says1 is avail+ himself ( !   
popul> dislike to innovations 9 religion
 9 ord] to injure ,socrates2 at ! same  
"t he is amus+ly confid5t t he has      
weapons 9 8 own arm\ry :i* w\ld be m ?an
 a mat* = him4 ,he is q s9c]e 9 8       
prosecution ( 8 fa!r1 :o has accid5tally
 be5 guilty ( homicide1 & is n :olly    
free f blame4 ,to purge away ! crime    
appe>s to him 9 ! light ( a duty1 :oev] 
may be ! crim9al4  ,?us beg9s ! contra/ 
betwe5 ! religion ( ! lett]1 or ( ! n>r[
 & un5light5$ consci5ce1 & ! high]      
notion ( religion :i* ,socrates va9ly   
endeav\rs to elicit f him4 ',piety is   
do+ z ,i d' is ! idea ( religion :i*    
fir/ occurs to him1 & to _m o!rs :o d n 
say :at !y ?9k ) equal frankness4 ,= m5 
are n easily p]suad$ t any o!r religion 

is bett] ?an _! own2 or t o!r nations1  
e4g4 ! ,greeks 9 ! "t ( ,socrates1 7    
equally s]i\s 9 _! religi\s beliefs &   
difficulties4 ,! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 u 
& !m is1 t !y 7 sl[ly le>n+ :at we are 9
 process ( =gett+4 ,greek my?ology h>dly
 admitt$ ( ! di/9ction betwe5 accid5tal 
homicide & murd]3 t ! pollution ( blood 
0 ! same 9 bo? cases is also ! feel+ ( !
 ,a!nian div9]4 ,he _h n z yet le>n$ !  
lesson1 :i* philosophy 0 tea*+1 t ,hom] 
& ,hesiod1 if n bani%$ f ! /ate1 or     
:ipp$ out ( ! assembly1 z ,h]acleitus m 
rudely propos$1 at any rate 7 n to be   
appeal$ to z au?orities 9 religion2 & he
 is ready to def5d 8 conduct by !       
examples ( ! gods4 ,^! are ! v tales :i*
 ,socrates _c abide2 & 8 dislike ( !m1 z
 he suspects1 has br&$ him ) !          
reputation ( impiety4 ,"h is "o answ] to
 ! "q1 ',:y ,socrates 0 put to dea?1'   
sugge/$ by ! way4 ,ano!r is convey$ 9 ! 
words1 ',! ,a!nians d n c>e ab\t any man
 be+ ?\ght wise until he beg9s to make  
o!r m5 wise2 & !n = "s reason or o!r !y 

are angry3' :i* may be said to be ! rule
 ( popul> tol]ation 9 mo/ o!r c\ntries1 
& n at ,a!ns only4 ,9 ! c\rse ( !       
argum5t ,socrates rem>ks t !            
controv]sial nature ( morals & religion 
arises out ( ! difficulty ( v]ify+ !m4  
,!re is no measure or /&>d to :i* !y c  
be ref]r$4  ,! next def9ition1 ',piety  
is t :i* is lov$ ( ! gods1' is %ipwreck$
 on a ref9$ di/9ction betwe5 ! /ate & ! 
act1 correspond+ respectively to !      
adjective 7philon7 & ! p>ticiple        
7phil\m5on71 or r p]haps to ! p>ticiple 
& ! v]b 7phil\m5on & phileitai74 ,! act 
is prior to ! /ate 7z 9 ,ari/otle !     
en]geia prec$es ! dunamis72 & ! /ate (  
be+ lov$ is prec$$ by ! act ( be+ lov$4 
,b piety or hol9ess is prec$$ by ! act (
 be+ pi\s1 n by ! act ( be+ lov$2 &     
!re=e piety & ! /ate ( be+ lov$ are     
diff]5t4 ,?r\gh su* subtleties (        
dialectic ,socrates is work+ 8 way into 
a deep] region ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,he     
means to say t ! words 'lov$ ( ! gods'  
express an attribute only1 & n ! ess5ce 

( piety4  ,!n foll[s ! ?ird & la/       
def9ition1 ',piety is a "p ( ju/ice4'   
,?us f> ,socrates has proce$$ 9 plac+   
religion on a moral f\ndation4 ,he is   
seek+ to realize ! h>mony ( religion &  
morality1 :i* ! great poets ,aes*ylus1  
,sophocles1 & ,p9d> _h unconsci\sly     
anticipat$1 & :i* is ! univ]sal want (  
all m54 ,to ?is ! soo?say] adds !       
c]emonial elem5t1 'att5d+ ^u ! gods4'   
,:5 fur!r int]rogat$ by ,socrates z to !
 nature ( ?is 'att5tion to ! gods1' he  
replies1 t piety is an affair ( bus9ess1
 a sci5ce ( giv+ & ask+1 & ! l4         
,socrates po9ts out ! an?ropomorphism ( 
^! notions1 7comp>e ,symp42 ,republic2  
,politicus47 ,b :5 we expect him to g on
 & %[ t ! true s]vice ( ! gods is !     
s]vice ( ! _s & ! co-op]ation ) !m 9 all
 ?+s true & good1 he /ops %ort2 ?is 0 a 
lesson :i* ! soo?say] c\ld n h be5 made 
to und]/&1 & :i* e "o mu/ le>n =        
himself4  ,!re seem to be altoge!r ?ree 
aims or int]e/s 9 ?is little ,dialogue3 
7#a7 ! dialectical developm5t ( ! idea (

 piety2 7#b7 ! anti!sis ( true & false  
religion1 :i* is c>ri$ to a c]ta9 ext5t 
only2 7#c7 ! def5ce ( ,socrates4  ,!    
subtle connection ) ! ,apology & !      
,crito2 ! hold+ back ( ! conclusion1 z 9
 ! ,*>mides1 ,lysis1 ,la*es1            
,protagoras1 & o!r ,dialogues2 ! deep   
insight into ! religi\s _w2 ! dramatic  
p[] & play ( ! two *>act]s2 ! inimitable
 irony1 are reasons = believ+ t !       
,eu?yphro is a g5u9e ,platonic writ+4 ,!
 _s 9 :i* ! popul> repres5tations (     
my?ology are d5\nc$ recalls ,republic   
,,ii4 ,! virtue ( piety has be5 already 
m5tion$ z "o ( five 9 ! ,protagoras1 b  
is n reckon$ among ! f\r c>d9al virtues 
( ,republic ,,iv4 ,! figure ( ,da$alus  
has occurr$ 9 ! ,m5o2 t ( ,proteus 9 !  
,eu?ydemus & ,io4 ,! k+ly sci5ce has    
already appe>$ 9 ! ,eu?ydemus1 & w      
reappe> 9 ! ,republic & ,/atesman4 ,b   
nei!r f ^! nor any o!r indications (    
simil>ity or diff]5ce1 & /ill less f    
argum5ts respect+ ! suitabl5ess ( ?is   
little "w to aid ,socrates at ! "t ( 8  

trial or ! rev]se1 c any evid5ce ( !    
date be obta9$4     ,,eu?yphro          
,,p]sons ,,( ,,! ,,dialogue3 ,socrates1 
,eu?yphro4  ,,sc5e3 ,! ,por* ( ! ,k+    
,ar*on4   ,,eu?yphro3 ,:y h y left !    
,lyceum1 ,socrates8 & :at are y do+ 9 ! 
,por* ( ! ,k+ ,ar*on8 ,surely y _c be   
conc]n$ 9 a suit be=e ! ,k+1 l myself8  
,,socrates3 ,n 9 a suit1 ,eu?yphro2     
impea*m5t is ! ^w :i* ! ,a!nians use4   
,,eu?yphro3 ,:at6 ,i suppose t "s "o has
 be5 prosecut+ y1 = ,i _c believe t y   
are ! prosecutor ( ano!r4  ,,socrates3  
,c]ta9ly n4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,!n "s "o else 
has be5 prosecut+ y8  ,,socrates3 ,yes4 
,,eu?yphro3 ,& :o is he8  ,,socrates3 ,a
 "y man :o is little kn[n1 ,eu?yphro2 & 
,i h>dly "k him3 8 "n is ,meletus1 & he 
is ( ! deme ( ,pit?is4 ,p]haps y may    
rememb] 8 appe>ance2 he has a beak1 &   
long /raight hair1 & a be>d :i* is ill  
gr[n4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,no1 ,i d n rememb]  
him1 ,socrates4 ,b :at is ! *>ge :i* he 
br+s aga9/ y8  ,,socrates3 ,:at is !    
*>ge8 ,well1 a v s]i\s *>ge1 :i* %[s a  

good deal ( "* 9 ! "y man1 & = :i* he is
 c]ta9ly n to be despis$4 ,he says he   
kn[s h[ ! y\? are corrupt$ & :o are _!  
corruptors4 ,i fancy t he mu/ be a wise 
man1 & see+ t ,i am ! rev]se ( a wise   
man1 he has f\nd me out1 & is go+ to    
accuse me ( corrupt+ 8 "y fri5ds4 ,& (  
?is our "m ! /ate is to be ! judge4 ,(  
all our political m5 he is ! only "o :o 
seems to me to beg9 9 ! "r way1 ) !     
cultivation ( virtue 9 y\?2 l a good    
husb&man1 he makes ! "y %oots 8 fir/    
c>e1 & cle>s away u :o are ! de/roy]s ( 
!m4 ,?is is only ! fir/ /ep2 he w       
aft]w>ds att5d to ! eld] bran*es2 & if  
he goes on z he has begun1 he w be a v  
great public b5efactor4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,i 
hope t he may2 b ,i r fe>1 ,socrates1 t 
! opposite w turn out to be ! tru?4 ,my 
op9ion is t 9 attack+ y he is simply    
aim+ a bl[ at ! f\ndation ( ! /ate4 ,b 9
 :at way does he say t y corrupt ! "y8  
,,socrates3 ,he br+s a wond]ful         
accusation aga9/ me1 :i* at fir/ he>+   
excites surprise3 he says t ,i am a poet

 or mak] ( gods1 & t ,i inv5t new gods &
 d5y ! exi/5ce ( old ones2 ?is is !     
gr\nd ( 8 indictm5t4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,i    
und]/&1 ,socrates2 he means to attack y 
ab\t ! famili> sign :i* occasionally1 z 
y say1 comes to y4 ,he ?9ks t y are a   
neologian1 & he is go+ to h y up be=e ! 
c\rt = ?is4 ,he kn[s t su* a *>ge is    
readily receiv$ by ! _w1 z ,i myself "k 
too well2 = :5 ,i speak 9 ! assembly    
ab\t div9e ?+s1 & =etell ! future to !m1
 !y laugh at me & ?9k me a madman4 ,yet 
e ^w t ,i say is true4 ,b !y are jeal\s 
( u all2 & we mu/ be brave & g at !m4   
,,socrates3 ,_! laught]1 fri5d          
,eu?yphro1 is n a matt] ( mu*           
consequ5ce4 ,= a man may be ?\ght wise2 
b ! ,a!nians1 ,i suspect1 d n mu* tr\ble
 !mselves ab\t him until he beg9s to    
imp>t 8 wisdom to o!rs1 & !n = "s reason
 or o!r1 p]haps1 z y say1 f jeal\sy1 !y 
are angry4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,i am nev]      
likely to try _! temp] 9 ?is way4       
,,socrates3 ,i d>e say n1 = y are res]v$
 9 y\r behavi\r1 & seldom imp>t y\r     

wisdom4 ,b ,i h a b5evol5t habit ( p\r+ 
out myself to ev]ybody1 & w\ld ev5 pay =
 a li/5]1 & ,i am afraid t ! ,a!nians   
may ?9k me too talkative4 ,n[ if1 z ,i 0
 say+1 !y w\ld only laugh at me1 z y say
 t !y laugh at y1 ! "t might pass gaily 
en\gh 9 ! c\rt2 b p]haps !y may be 9    
e>ne/1 & !n :at ! end w be y soo?say]s  
only c pr$ict4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,i d>e say t
 ! affair w end 9 no?+1 ,socrates1 & t y
 w w9 y\r cause2 & ,i ?9k t ,i %all w9  
my own4  ,,socrates3 ,& :at is y\r suit1
 ,eu?yphro8 are y ! pursu] or !         
def5dant8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,i am ! pursu]4  
,,socrates3 ,( :om8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,y w   
?9k me mad :5 ,i tell y4  ,,socrates3   
,:y1 has ! fugitive w+s8  ,,eu?yphro3   
,nay1 he is n v volatile at 8 "t ( life4
  ,,socrates3 ,:o is he8  ,,eu?yphro3   
,my fa!r4  ,,socrates3 ,y\r fa!r6 my    
good man8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,yes4            
,,socrates3 ,& ( :at is he accus$8      
,,eu?yphro3 ,( murd]1 ,socrates4        
,,socrates3 ,by ! p[]s1 ,eu?yphro6 h[   
little does ! common h]d "k ( ! nature (

 "r & tru?4 ,a man mu/ be an extraord9>y
 man1 & h made great /rides 9 wisdom1   
be=e he c\ld h se5 8 way to br+ su* an  
action4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,inde$1 ,socrates1 
he mu/4  ,,socrates3 ,i suppose t ! man 
:om y\r fa!r murd]$ 0 "o ( y\r          
relatives--cle>ly he 02 = if he _h be5 a
 /rang] y w\ld nev] h ?\ght ( prosecut+ 
him4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,i am amus$1          
,socrates1 at y\r mak+ a di/9ction      
betwe5 "o :o is a relation & "o :o is n 
a relation2 = surely ! pollution is !   
same 9 ei!r case1 if y kn[+ly associate 
) ! murd]] :5 y ought to cle> y\rself & 
him by proce$+ aga9/ him4 ,! real "q is 
:e!r ! murd]$ man has be5 ju/ly sla94   
,if ju/ly1 !n y\r duty is to let ! matt]
 alone2 b if unju/ly1 !n ev5 if ! murd]]
 lives "u ! same ro( ) y & eats at !    
same table1 proce$ aga9/ him4 ,n[ ! man 
:o is dead 0 a poor dep5dant ( m9e :o   
work$ = u z a field lab\r] on our f>m 9 
,naxos1 & "o day 9 a fit ( drunk5       
passion he got into a qu>rel ) "o ( our 
dome/ic s]vants & slew him4 ,my fa!r    

b\nd him h& & foot & ?rew him into a    
dit*1 & !n s5t to ,a!ns to ask ( a div9]
 :at he %\ld d ) him4 ,mean:ile he nev] 
att5d$ to him & took no c>e ab\t him1 = 
he reg>d$ him z a murd]]2 & ?\ght t no  
great h>m w\ld be done ev5 if he did    
die4 ,n[ ?is 0 j :at happ5$4 ,= su* 0 ! 
effect ( cold & hung] & *a9s ^u him1 t  
be=e ! mess5g] return$ f ! div9]1 he 0  
dead4 ,& my fa!r & family are angry ) me
 = tak+ ! "p ( ! murd]] & prosecut+ my  
fa!r4 ,!y say t he did n kill him1 & t  
if he did1 ! dead man 0 b a murd]]1 & ,i
 ought n to take any notice1 = t a son  
is impi\s :o prosecutes a fa!r4 ,:i*    
%[s1 ,socrates1 h[ little !y "k :at !   
gods ?9k ab\t piety & impiety4          
,,socrates3 ,good heav5s1 ,eu?yphro6 &  
is y\r k ( religion & ( ?+s pi\s &      
impi\s s v exact1 t1 suppos+ !          
circum/ances to be z y /ate !m1 y are n 
afraid le/ y too may be do+ an impi\s ?+
 9 br++ an action aga9/ y\r fa!r8       
,,eu?yphro3 ,! be/ ( ,eu?yphro1 & t :i* 
di/+ui%es him1 ,socrates1 f o!r m51 is 8

 exact k ( all su* matt]s4 ,:at %\ld ,i 
be good = )\t x8  ,,socrates3 ,r>e      
fri5d6 ,i ?9k t ,i _c d bett] ?an be y\r
 disciple4 ,!n be=e ! trial ) ,meletus  
comes on ,i %all *all5ge him1 & say t ,i
 h always _h a great int]e/ 9 religi\s  
que/ions1 & n[1 z he *>ges me ) ra%     
imag9ations & innovations 9 religion1 ,i
 h become y\r disciple4 ,y1 ,meletus1 z 
,i %all say to him1 ackn[l$ge ,eu?yphro 
to be a great !ologian1 & s\nd 9 8      
op9ions2 & if y approve ( him y ought to
 approve ( me1 & n h me into c\rt2 b if 
y disapprove1 y %\ld beg9 by indict+ him
 :o is my tea*]1 & :o w be ! ru91 n ( ! 
"y1 b ( ! old2 t is to say1 ( myself :om
 he in/ructs1 & ( 8 old fa!r :om he     
admoni%es & *a/ises4 ,& if ,meletus     
refuses to li/5 to me1 b w g on1 & w n  
%ift ! indictm5t f me to y1 ,i _c d     
bett] ?an repeat ?is *all5ge 9 ! c\rt4  
,,eu?yphro3 ,yes1 inde$1 ,socrates2 & if
 he attempts to indict me ,i am mi/ak5  
if ,i d n f9d a flaw 9 him2 ! c\rt %all 
h a great deal m to say to him ?an to   

me4  ,,socrates3 ,& ,i1 my de> fri5d1   
kn[+ ?is1 am desir\s ( becom+ y\r       
disciple4 ,= ,i obs]ve t no "o appe>s to
 notice y--n ev5 ?is ,meletus2 b 8 %>p  
eyes h f\nd me out at once1 & he has    
indict$ me = impiety4 ,& !re=e1 ,i      
adjure y to tell me ! nature ( piety &  
impiety1 :i* y said t y knew s well1 & (
 murd]1 & ( o!r (f5ces aga9/ ! gods4    
,:at are !y8 ,is n piety 9 e action     
always ! same8 & impiety1 aga9--is x n  
always ! opposite ( piety1 & also ! same
 ) itself1 hav+1 z impiety1 "o notion   
:i* includes :atev] is impi\s8          
,,eu?yphro3 ,to be sure1 ,socrates4     
,,socrates3 ,& :at is piety1 & :at is   
impiety8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,piety is do+ z ,i
 am do+2 t is to say1 prosecut+ any "o  
:o is guilty ( murd]1 sacrilege1 or (   
any simil> crime--:e!r he be y\r fa!r or
 "m1 or :oev] he may be--t makes no     
diff]5ce2 & n to prosecute !m is        
impiety4 ,& please to consid]1          
,socrates1 :at a notable pro( ,i w give 
y ( ! tru? ( my words1 a pro( :i* ,i h  

already giv5 to o!rs3--( ! pr9ciple1 ,i 
mean1 t ! impi\s1 :oev] he may be1 ought
 n to g unpuni%$4 ,= d n m5 reg>d ,zeus 
z ! be/ & mo/ righte\s ( ! gods8--& yet 
!y admit t he b\nd 8 fa!r 7,cronos7     
because he wick$ly dev\r$ 8 sons1 & t he
 too _h puni%$ 8 own fa!r 7,uranus7 = a 
simil> reason1 9 a nameless mann]4 ,&   
yet :5 ,i proce$ aga9/ my fa!r1 !y are  
angry ) me4 ,s inconsi/5t are !y 9 _!   
way ( talk+ :5 ! gods are conc]n$1 & :5 
,i am conc]n$4  ,,socrates3 ,may n ?is  
be ! reason1 ,eu?yphro1 :y ,i am *>g$ ) 
impiety--t ,i _c away ) ^! /ories ab\t !
 gods8 & !re=e ,i suppose t p ?9k me    
wrong4 ,b1 z y :o are well in=m$ ab\t !m
 approve ( !m1 ,i _c d bett] ?an ass5t  
to y\r sup]ior wisdom4 ,:at else c ,i   
say1 confess+ z ,i d1 t ,i "k no?+ ab\t 
!m8 ,tell me1 = ! love ( ,zeus1 :e!r y  
really believe t !y are true4           
,,eu?yphro3 ,yes1 ,socrates2 & ?+s m    
wond]ful /ill1 ( :i* ! _w is 9          
ignorance4  ,,socrates3 ,& d y really   
believe t ! gods f\ght ) "o ano!r1 & _h 

dire qu>rels1 battles1 & ! l1 z ! poets 
say1 & z y may see repres5t$ 9 ! works (
 great arti/s8 ,! temples are full ( !m2
 & notably ! robe ( ,a!ne1 :i* is c>ri$ 
up to ! ,acropolis at ! great           
,pana!naea1 is embroid]$ ) !m4 ,are all 
^! tales ( ! gods true1 ,eu?yphro8      
,,eu?yphro3 ,yes1 ,socrates2 &1 z ,i 0  
say+1 ,i c tell y1 if y w\ld l to he>   
!m1 _m o!r ?+s ab\t ! gods :i* w\ld q   
amaze y4  ,,socrates3 ,i d>e say2 & y   
%all tell me !m at "s o!r "t :5 ,i h    
leisure4 ,b j at pres5t ,i w\ld r he> f 
y a m precise answ]1 :i* y h n z yet    
giv51 my fri5d1 to ! "q1 ,:at is        
'piety'8 ,:5 ask$1 y only repli$1 ,do+ z
 y d1 *>g+ y\r fa!r ) murd]4            
,,eu?yphro3 ,& :at ,i said 0 true1      
,socrates4  ,,socrates3 ,no d\bt1       
,eu?yphro2 b y w\ld admit t !re are _m  
o!r pi\s acts8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,!re are4   
,,socrates3 ,rememb] t ,i did n ask y to
 give me two or ?ree examples ( piety1 b
 to expla9 ! g5]al idea :i* makes all   
pi\s ?+s to be pi\s4 ,d y n recollect t 

!re 0 "o idea :i* made ! impi\s impi\s1 
& ! pi\s pi\s8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,i rememb]4 
,,socrates3 ,tell me :at is ! nature (  
?is idea1 & !n ,i %all h a /&>d to :i*  
,i may look1 & by :i* ,i may measure    
actions1 :e!r y\rs or ^? ( any "o else1 
& !n ,i %all be able to say t su* & su* 
an action is pi\s1 su* ano!r impi\s4    
,,eu?yphro3 ,i w tell y1 if y l4        
,,socrates3 ,i %\ld v mu* l4            
,,eu?yphro3 ,piety1 !n1 is t :i* is de> 
to ! gods1 & impiety is t :i* is n de>  
to !m4  ,,socrates3 ,v good1 ,eu?yphro2 
y h n[ giv5 me ! sort ( answ] :i* ,i    
want$4 ,b :e!r :at y say is true or n ,i
 _c z yet tell1 al?\gh ,i make no d\bt t
 y w prove ! tru? ( y\r words4          
,,eu?yphro3 ,( c\rse4  ,,socrates3      
,come1 !n1 & let u exam9e :at we are    
say+4 ,t ?+ or p]son :i* is de> to !    
gods is pi\s1 & t ?+ or p]son :i* is    
hateful to ! gods is impi\s1 ^! two be+ 
! extreme opposites ( "o ano!r4 ,0 n t  
said8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,x 04  ,,socrates3 ,&
 well said8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,yes1          

,socrates1 ,i ?\ght s2 x 0 c]ta9ly said4
  ,,socrates3 ,& fur!r1 ,eu?yphro1 !    
gods 7 admitt$ to h enmities & hatr$s & 
diff]5ces8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,yes1 t 0 also  
said4  ,,socrates3 ,& :at sort (        
diff]5ce creates enmity & ang]8 ,suppose
 = example t y & ,i1 my good fri5d1     
diff] ab\t a numb]2 d diff]5ces ( ?is   
sort make u enemies & set u at v>iance )
 "o ano!r8 ,d we n g at once to         
ari?metic1 & put an end to !m by a sum8 
,,eu?yphro3 ,true4  ,,socrates3 ,or     
suppose t we diff] ab\t magnitudes1 d we
 n quickly end ! diff]5ces by measur+8  
,,eu?yphro3 ,v true4  ,,socrates3 ,& we 
end a controv]sy ab\t heavy & light by  
resort+ to a weigh+ ma*9e8  ,,eu?yphro3 
,to be sure4  ,,socrates3 ,b :at        
diff]5ces are !re :i* _c be ?us decid$1 
& :i* !re=e make u angry & set u at     
enmity ) "o ano!r8 ,i d>e say ! answ]   
does n occur to y at ! mom5t1 & !re=e ,i
 w sugge/ t ^! enmities arise :5 !      
matt]s ( diff]5ce are ! j & unju/1 good 
& evil1 hon\rable & di%on\rable4 ,are n 

^! ! po9ts ab\t :i* m5 diff]1 & ab\t :i*
 :5 we are unable satisfactorily to     
decide our diff]5ces1 y & ,i & all ( u  
qu>rel1 :5 we d qu>rel8 7,comp>e        
,alcib47  ,,eu?yphro3 ,yes1 ,socrates1 !
 nature ( ! diff]5ces ab\t :i* we qu>rel
 is su* z y describe4  ,,socrates3 ,& ! 
qu>rels ( ! gods1 noble ,eu?yphro1 :5 !y
 occur1 are ( a l nature8  ,,eu?yphro3  
,c]ta9ly !y are4  ,,socrates3 ,!y h     
diff]5ces ( op9ion1 z y say1 ab\t good &
 evil1 j & unju/1 hon\rable &           
di%on\rable3 !re w\ld h be5 no qu>rels  
among !m1 if !re _h be5 no su*          
diff]5ces--w\ld !re n[8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,y 
are q "r4  ,,socrates3 ,does n e man    
love t :i* he deems noble & j & good1 & 
hate ! opposite ( !m8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,v   
true4  ,,socrates3 ,b1 z y say1 p reg>d 
! same ?+s1 "s z j & o!rs z unju/1--ab\t
 ^! !y dispute2 & s !re arise w>s &     
fight+s among !m4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,v true4 
,,socrates3 ,!n ! same ?+s are hat$ by !
 gods & lov$ by ! gods1 & are bo?       
hateful & de> to !m8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,true4

  ,,socrates3 ,& ^u ?is view ! same ?+s1
 ,eu?yphro1 w be pi\s & also impi\s8    
,,eu?yphro3 ,s ,i %\ld suppose4         
,,socrates3 ,!n1 my fri5d1 ,i rem>k )   
surprise t y h n answ]$ ! "q :i* ,i     
ask$4 ,= ,i c]ta9ly did n ask y to tell 
me :at action is bo? pi\s & impi\s3 b n[
 x w\ld seem t :at is lov$ by ! gods is 
also hat$ by !m4 ,& !re=e1 ,eu?yphro1 9 
?us *a/is+ y\r fa!r y may v likely be   
do+ :at is agreeable to ,zeus b         
disagreeable to ,cronos or ,uranus1 &   
:at is acceptable to ,hephae/us b       
unacceptable to ,"h1 & !re may be o!r   
gods :o h simil> diff]5ces ( op9ion4    
,,eu?yphro3 ,b ,i believe1 ,socrates1 t 
all ! gods w\ld be agre$ z to !         
propriety ( puni%+ a murd]]3 !re w\ld be
 no diff]5ce ( op9ion ab\t t4           
,,socrates3 ,well1 b speak+ ( m51       
,eu?yphro1 did y ev] he> any "o argu+ t 
a murd]] or any sort ( evil-do] ought to
 be let (f8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,i %\ld r say t
 ^! are ! que/ions :i* !y are always    
argu+1 especially 9 c\rts ( law3 !y     

commit all sorts ( crimes1 & !re is no?+
 :i* !y w n d or say 9 _! own def5ce4   
,,socrates3 ,b d !y admit _! guilt1     
,eu?yphro1 & yet say t !y ought n to be 
puni%$8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,no2 !y d n4       
,,socrates3 ,!n !re are "s ?+s :i* !y d 
n v5ture to say & d3 = !y d n v5ture to 
argue t ! guilty are to be unpuni%$1 b  
!y d5y _! guilt1 d !y n8  ,,eu?yphro3   
,yes4  ,,socrates3 ,!n !y d n argue t ! 
evil-do] %\ld n be puni%$1 b !y argue   
ab\t ! fact ( :o ! evil-do] is1 & :at he
 did & :58  ,,eu?yphro3 ,true4          
,,socrates3 ,& ! gods are 9 ! same case1
 if z y ass]t !y qu>rel ab\t j & unju/1 
& "s ( !m say :ile o!rs d5y t inju/ice  
is done among !m4 ,= surely nei!r ,god  
nor man w ev] v5ture to say t ! do] (   
inju/ice is n to be puni%$8  ,,eu?yphro3
 ,t is true1 ,socrates1 9 ! ma94        
,,socrates3 ,b !y jo9 issue ab\t !      
p>ticul>s--gods & m5 alike2 &1 if !y    
dispute at all1 !y dispute ab\t "s act  
:i* is call$ 9 "q1 & :i* by "s is       
affirm$ to be j1 by o!rs to be unju/4   

,is n t true8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,q true4     
,,socrates3 ,well !n1 my de> fri5d      
,eu?yphro1 d tell me1 = my bett]        
in/ruction & in=mation1 :at pro( h y t 9
 ! op9ion ( all ! gods a s]vant :o is   
guilty ( murd]1 & is put 9 *a9s by !    
ma/] ( ! dead man1 & dies because he is 
put 9 *a9s be=e he :o b\nd him c le>n f 
! int]pret]s ( ! gods :at he ought to d 
) him1 dies unju/ly2 & t on behalf ( su*
 an "o a son ought to proce$ aga9/ 8    
fa!r & accuse him ( murd]4 ,h[ w\ld y %[
 t all ! gods absolutely agree 9 approv+
 ( 8 act8 ,prove to me t !y d1 & ,i w   
applaud y\r wisdom z long z ,i live4    
,,eu?yphro3 ,x w be a difficult task2 b 
,i c\ld make ! matt] v cle> inde$ to y4 
,,socrates3 ,i und]/&2 y mean to say t  
,i am n s quick ( appreh5sion z !       
judges3 = to !m y w be sure to prove t !
 act is unju/1 & hateful to ! gods4     
,,eu?yphro3 ,yes inde$1 ,socrates2 at   
lea/ if !y w li/5 to me4  ,,socrates3 ,b
 !y w be sure to li/5 if !y f9d t y are 
a good speak]4 ,!re 0 a notion t came   

into my m9d :ile y 7 speak+2 ,i said to 
myself3 ',well1 & :at if ,eu?yphro does 
prove to me t all ! gods reg>d$ ! dea? (
 ! s]f z unju/1 h[ d ,i "k any?+ m ( !  
nature ( piety & impiety8 = grant+ t ?is
 action may be hateful to ! gods1 /ill  
piety & impiety are n adequately def9$  
by ^! di/9ctions1 = t :i* is hateful to 
! gods has be5 %[n to be also pleas+ &  
de> to !m4' ,& !re=e1 ,eu?yphro1 ,i d n 
ask y to prove ?is2 ,i w suppose1 if y  
l1 t all ! gods condemn & abom9ate su*  
an action4 ,b ,i w am5d ! def9ition s f>
 z to say t :at all ! gods hate is      
impi\s1 & :at !y love pi\s or holy2 &   
:at "s ( !m love & o!rs hate is bo? or  
nei!r4 ,%all ?is be our def9ition (     
piety & impiety8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,:y n1    
,socrates8  ,,socrates3 ,:y n6 c]ta9ly1 
z f> z ,i am conc]n$1 ,eu?yphro1 !re is 
no reason :y n4 ,b :e!r ?is admission w 
greatly assi/ y 9 ! task ( in/ruct+ me z
 y promis$1 is a matt] = y to consid]4  
,,eu?yphro3 ,yes1 ,i %\ld say t :at all 
! gods love is pi\s & holy1 & ! opposite

 :i* !y all hate1 impi\s4  ,,socrates3  
,ought we to enquire into ! tru? ( ?is1 
,eu?yphro1 or simply to accept ! m]e    
/atem5t on our own au?ority & t ( o!rs8 
,:at d y say8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,we %\ld     
enquire2 & ,i believe t ! /atem5t w /& !
 te/ ( enquiry4  ,,socrates3 ,we %all "k
 bett]1 my good fri5d1 9 a little :ile4 
,! po9t :i* ,i %\ld fir/ wi% to und]/&  
is :e!r ! pi\s or holy is belov$ by !   
gods because x is holy1 or holy because 
x is belov$ ( ! gods4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,i d 
n und]/& y\r mean+1 ,socrates4          
,,socrates3 ,i w endeav\r to expla93 we1
 speak ( c>ry+ & we speak ( be+ c>ri$1 (
 lead+ & be+ l$1 see+ & be+ se54 ,y "k t
 9 all su* cases !re is a diff]5ce1 & y 
"k also 9 :at ! diff]5ce lies8          
,,eu?yphro3 ,i ?9k t ,i und]/&4         
,,socrates3 ,& is n t :i* is belov$     
di/9ct f t :i* loves8  ,,eu?yphro3      
,c]ta9ly4  ,,socrates3 ,well2 & n[ tell 
me1 is t :i* is c>ri$ 9 ?is /ate ( c>ry+
 because x is c>ri$1 or = "s o!r reason8
  ,,eu?yphro3 ,no2 t is ! reason4       

,,socrates3 ,& ! same is true ( :at is  
l$ & ( :at is se58  ,,eu?yphro3 ,true4  
,,socrates3 ,& a ?+ is n se5 because x  
is visible1 b conv]sely1 visible because
 x is se52 nor is a ?+ l$ because x is 9
 ! /ate ( be+ l$1 or c>ri$ because x is 
9 ! /ate ( be+ c>ri$1 b ! conv]se ( ?is4
 ,& n[ ,i ?9k1 ,eu?yphro1 t my mean+ w  
be intelligible2 & my mean+ is1 t any   
/ate ( action or passion implies previ\s
 action or passion4 ,x does n become    
because x is becom+1 b x is 9 a /ate (  
becom+ because x becomes2 nei!r does x  
suff] because x is 9 a /ate ( suff]+1 b 
x is 9 a /ate ( suff]+ because x suff]s4
 ,d y n agree8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,yes4       
,,socrates3 ,is n t :i* is lov$ 9 "s    
/ate ei!r ( becom+ or suff]+8           
,,eu?yphro3 ,yes4  ,,socrates3 ,& ! same
 holds z 9 ! previ\s in/ances2 ! /ate ( 
be+ lov$ foll[s ! act ( be+ lov$1 & n ! 
act ! /ate4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,c]ta9ly4      
,,socrates3 ,& :at d y say ( piety1     
,eu?yphro3 is n piety1 accord+ to y\r   
def9ition1 lov$ by all ! gods8          

,,eu?yphro3 ,yes4  ,,socrates3 ,because 
x is pi\s or holy1 or = "s o!r reason8  
,,eu?yphro3 ,no1 t is ! reason4         
,,socrates3 ,x is lov$ because x is     
holy1 n holy because x is lov$8         
,,eu?yphro3 ,yes4  ,,socrates3 ,& t :i* 
is de> to ! gods is lov$ by !m1 & is 9 a
 /ate to be lov$ ( !m because x is lov$ 
( !m8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,c]ta9ly4            
,,socrates3 ,!n t :i* is de> to ! gods1 
,eu?yphro1 is n holy1 nor is t :i* is   
holy lov$ ( ,god1 z y affirm2 b !y are  
two diff]5t ?+s4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,h[ d y   
mean1 ,socrates8  ,,socrates3 ,i mean to
 say t ! holy has be5 ackn[l$g$ by u to 
be lov$ ( ,god because x is holy1 n to  
be holy because x is lov$4  ,,eu?yphro3 
,yes4  ,,socrates3 ,b t :i* is de> to ! 
gods is de> to !m because x is lov$ by  
!m1 n lov$ by !m because x is de> to !m4
  ,,eu?yphro3 ,true4  ,,socrates3 ,b1   
fri5d ,eu?yphro1 if t :i* is holy is !  
same ) t :i* is de> to ,god1 & is lov$  
because x is holy1 !n t :i* is de> to   
,god w\ld h be5 lov$ z be+ de> to ,god2 

b if t :i* is de> to ,god is de> to him 
because lov$ by him1 !n t :i* is holy   
w\ld h be5 holy because lov$ by him4 ,b 
n[ y see t ! rev]se is ! case1 & t !y   
are q diff]5t f "o ano!r4 ,= "o         
7!ophiles7 is ( a k9d to be lov$ cause x
 is lov$1 & ! o!r 7osion7 is lov$       
because x is ( a k9d to be lov$4 ,?us y 
appe> to me1 ,eu?yphro1 :5 ,i ask y :at 
is ! ess5ce ( hol9ess1 to (f] an        
attribute only1 & n ! ess5ce--!         
attribute ( be+ lov$ by all ! gods4 ,b y
 /ill refuse to expla9 to me ! nature ( 
hol9ess4 ,& !re=e1 if y please1 ,i w ask
 y n to hide y\r treasure1 b to tell me 
once m :at hol9ess or piety really is1  
:e!r de> to ! gods or n 7= t is a matt] 
ab\t :i* we w n qu>rel72 & :at is       
impiety8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,i really d n "k1 
,socrates1 h[ to express :at ,i mean4 ,=
 someh[ or o!r our argum5ts1 on :atev]  
gr\nd we re/ !m1 seem to turn r\nd &    
walk away f u4  ,,socrates3 ,y\r words1 
,eu?yphro1 are l ! h&iwork ( my ance/or 
,da$alus2 & if ,i 7 ! say] or prop\nd] (

 !m1 y might say t my argum5ts walk away
 & w n rema9 fix$ :]e !y are plac$      
because ,i am a desc5dant ( 84 ,b n[1   
s9ce ^! notions are y\r own1 y mu/ f9d  
"s o!r gibe1 = !y c]ta9ly1 z y y\rself  
all[1 %[ an incl9ation to be on ! move4 
,,eu?yphro3 ,nay1 ,socrates1 ,i %all    
/ill say t y are ! ,da$alus :o sets     
argum5ts 9 motion2 n ,i1 c]ta9ly1 b y   
make !m move or g r\nd1 = !y w\ld nev] h
 /irr$1 z f> z ,i am conc]n$4           
,,socrates3 ,!n ,i mu/ be a great] ?an  
,da$alus3 = :]eas he only made 8 own    
inv5tions to move1 ,i move ^? ( o!r p z 
well4 ,& ! beauty ( x is1 t ,i w\ld r n4
 ,= ,i w\ld give ! wisdom ( ,da$alus1 & 
! weal? ( ,tantalus1 to be able to deta9
 !m & keep !m fix$4 ,b en\gh ( ?is4 ,z  
,i p]ceive t y are lazy1 ,i w myself    
endeav\r to %[ y h[ y might in/ruct me 9
 ! nature ( piety2 & ,i hope t y w n    
grudge y\r lab\r4 ,tell me1 !n--,is n t 
:i* is pi\s necess>ily j8  ,,eu?yphro3  
,yes4  ,,socrates3 ,& is1 !n1 all :i* is
 j pi\s8 or1 is t :i* is pi\s all j1 b t

 :i* is j1 only 9 "p & n all1 pi\s8     
,,eu?yphro3 ,i d n und]/& y1 ,socrates4 
,,socrates3 ,& yet ,i "k t y are z mu*  
wis] ?an ,i am1 z y are y\ng]4 ,b1 z ,i 
0 say+1 rev]$ fri5d1 ! abundance ( y\r  
wisdom makes y lazy4 ,please to ex]t    
y\rself1 = !re is no real difficulty 9  
und]/&+ me4 ,:at ,i mean ,i may expla9  
by an illu/ration ( :at ,i d n mean4 ,! 
poet 7,/as9us7 s+s--  ',( ,zeus1 ! au?or
 & creator ( all ^! ?+s1 ,y w n tell3 = 
:]e !re is fe> !re is also rev]5ce4'    
,n[ ,i disagree ) ?is poet4 ,%all ,i    
tell y 9 :at respect8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,by  
all means4  ,,socrates3 ,i %\ld n say t 
:]e !re is fe> !re is also rev]5ce2 = ,i
 am sure t _m p]sons fe> pov]ty &       
disease1 & ! l evils1 b ,i d n p]ceive t
 !y rev]5ce ! objects ( _! fe>4         
,,eu?yphro3 ,v true4  ,,socrates3 ,b :]e
 rev]5ce is1 !re is fe>2 = he :o has a  
feel+ ( rev]5ce & %ame ab\t ! commission
 ( any action1 fe>s & is afraid ( an ill
 reputation4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,no d\bt4     
,,socrates3 ,!n we are wrong 9 say+ t   

:]e !re is fe> !re is also rev]5ce2 & we
 %\ld say1 :]e !re is rev]5ce !re is    
also fe>4 ,b !re is n always rev]5ce :]e
 !re is fe>2 = fe> is a m ext5d$ notion1
 & rev]5ce is a "p ( fe>1 j z ! odd is a
 "p ( numb]1 & numb] is a m ext5d$      
notion ?an ! odd4 ,i suppose t y foll[  
me n[8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,q well4            
,,socrates3 ,t 0 ! sort ( "q :i* ,i     
meant to raise :5 ,i ask$ :e!r ! j is   
always ! pi\s1 or ! pi\s always ! j2 &  
:e!r !re may n be ju/ice :]e !re is n   
piety2 = ju/ice is ! m ext5d$ notion (  
:i* piety is only a "p4 ,d y diss5t8    
,,eu?yphro3 ,no1 ,i ?9k t y are q "r4   
,,socrates3 ,!n1 if piety is a "p (     
ju/ice1 ,i suppose t we %\ld enquire :at
 "p8 ,if y _h pursu$ ! enquiry 9 !      
previ\s cases2 = in/ance1 if y _h ask$  
me :at is an ev5 numb]1 & :at "p ( numb]
 ! ev5 is1 ,i %\ld h _h no difficulty 9 
reply+1 a numb] :i* repres5ts a figure  
hav+ two equal sides4 ,d y n agree8     
,,eu?yphro3 ,yes1 ,i q agree4           
,,socrates3 ,9 l mann]1 ,i want y to    

tell me :at "p ( ju/ice is piety or     
hol9ess1 t ,i may be able to tell       
,meletus n to d me inju/ice1 or indict  
me = impiety1 z ,i am n[ adequately     
in/ruct$ by y 9 ! nature ( piety or     
hol9ess1 & _! opposites4  ,,eu?yphro3   
,piety or hol9ess1 ,socrates1 appe>s to 
me to be t "p ( ju/ice :i* att5ds to !  
gods1 z !re is ! o!r "p ( ju/ice :i*    
att5ds to m54  ,,socrates3 ,t is good1  
,eu?yphro2 yet /ill !re is a little po9t
 ab\t :i* ,i %\ld l to h fur!r          
in=mation1 ,:at is ! mean+ ( 'att5tion'8
 ,= att5tion c h>dly be us$ 9 ! same    
s5se :5 appli$ to ! gods z :5 appli$ to 
o!r ?+s4 ,= in/ance1 horses are said to 
require att5tion1 & n e p]son is able to
 att5d to !m1 b only a p]son skill$ 9   
horseman%ip4 ,is x n s8  ,,eu?yphro3    
,c]ta9ly4  ,,socrates3 ,i %\ld suppose t
 ! art ( horseman%ip is ! art ( att5d+  
to horses8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,yes4           
,,socrates3 ,nor is e "o qualifi$ to    
att5d to dogs1 b only ! huntsman8       
,,eu?yphro3 ,true4  ,,socrates3 ,& ,i   

%\ld also conceive t ! art ( ! huntsman 
is ! art ( att5d+ to dogs8  ,,eu?yphro3 
,yes4  ,,socrates3 ,z ! art ( ! oxh]d is
 ! art ( att5d+ to ox58  ,,eu?yphro3 ,v 
true4  ,,socrates3 ,9 l mann] hol9ess or
 piety is ! art ( att5d+ to ! gods8--t  
w\ld be y\r mean+1 ,eu?yphro8           
,,eu?yphro3 ,yes4  ,,socrates3 ,& is n  
att5tion always design$ = ! good or     
b5efit ( t to :i* ! att5tion is giv58 ,z
 9 ! case ( horses1 y may obs]ve t :5   
att5d$ to by ! horseman's art !y are    
b5efit$ & improv$1 are !y n8            
,,eu?yphro3 ,true4  ,,socrates3 ,z !    
dogs are b5efit$ by ! huntsman's art1 & 
! ox5 by ! art ( ! oxh]d1 & all o!r ?+s 
are t5d$ or att5d$ = _! good & n = _!   
hurt8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,c]ta9ly1 n = _!     
hurt4  ,,socrates3 ,b = _! good8        
,,eu?yphro3 ,( c\rse4  ,,socrates3 ,&   
does piety or hol9ess1 :i* has be5 def9$
 to be ! art ( att5d+ to ! gods1 b5efit 
or improve !m8 ,w\ld y say t :5 y d a   
holy act y make any ( ! gods bett]8     
,,eu?yphro3 ,no1 no2 t 0 c]ta9ly n :at  

,i meant4  ,,socrates3 ,& ,i1 ,eu?yphro1
 nev] suppos$ t y did4 ,i ask$ y ! "q   
ab\t ! nature ( ! att5tion1 because ,i  
?\ght t y did n4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,y d me   
ju/ice1 ,socrates2 t is n ! sort (      
att5tion :i* ,i mean4  ,,socrates3      
,good3 b ,i mu/ /ill ask :at is ?is     
att5tion to ! gods :i* is call$ piety8  
,,eu?yphro3 ,x is su*1 ,socrates1 z     
s]vants %[ to _! ma/]s4  ,,socrates3 ,i 
und]/&--a sort ( m9i/ration to ! gods4  
,,eu?yphro3 ,exactly4  ,,socrates3      
,m$ic9e is also a sort ( m9i/ration or  
s]vice1 hav+ 9 view ! atta9m5t ( "s     
object--w\ld y n say ( heal?8           
,,eu?yphro3 ,i %\ld4  ,,socrates3 ,aga91
 !re is an art :i* m9i/]s to !          
%ip-build] ) a view to ! atta9m5t ( "s  
result8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,yes1 ,socrates1 ) 
a view to ! build+ ( a %ip4  ,,socrates3
 ,z !re is an art :i* m9i/]s to !       
h\se-build] ) a view to ! build+ ( a    
h\se8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,yes4  ,,socrates3 ,&
 n[ tell me1 my good fri5d1 ab\t ! art  
:i* m9i/]s to ! gods3 :at "w does t help

 to accompli%8 ,= y mu/ surely "k if1 z 
y say1 y are ( all m5 liv+ ! "o :o is   
be/ in/ruct$ 9 religion4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,&
 ,i speak ! tru?1 ,socrates4            
,,socrates3 ,tell me !n1 oh tell me--:at
 is t fair "w :i* ! gods d by ! help (  
our m9i/rations8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,_m &     
fair1 ,socrates1 are ! works :i* !y d4  
,,socrates3 ,:y1 my fri5d1 & s are ^? ( 
a g5]al4 ,b ! *ief ( !m is easily told4 
,w\ld y n say t victory 9 w> is ! *ief (
 !m8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,c]ta9ly4  ,,socrates3
 ,_m & fair1 too1 are ! works ( !       
husb&man1 if ,i am n mi/ak52 b 8 *ief "w
 is ! production ( food f ! e>?8        
,,eu?yphro3 ,exactly4  ,,socrates3 ,& ( 
! _m & fair ?+s done by ! gods1 :i* is !
 *ief or pr9cipal "o8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,i h 
told y already1 ,socrates1 t to le>n all
 ^! ?+s accurately w be v tiresome4 ,let
 me simply say t piety or hol9ess is    
le>n+ h[ to please ! gods 9 ^w & de$1 by
 pray]s & sacrifices4 ,su* piety is !   
salvation ( families & /ates1 j z !     
impi\s1 :i* is unpleas+ to ! gods1 is _!

 ru9 & de/ruction4  ,,socrates3 ,i ?9k t
 y c\ld h answ]$ 9 mu* few] words ! *ief
 "q :i* ,i ask$1 ,eu?yphro1 if y _h     
*os54 ,b ,i see pla9ly t y are n dispos$
 to in/ruct me--cle>ly n3 else :y1 :5 we
 rea*$ ! po9t1 did y turn aside8 ,_h y  
only answ]$ me ,i %\ld h truly le>n$ ( y
 by ?is "t ! nature ( piety4 ,n[1 z !   
ask] ( a "q is necess>ily dep5d5t on !  
answ]]1 :i!r he leads ,i mu/ foll[2 & c 
only ask aga91 :at is ! pi\s1 & :at is  
piety8 ,d y mean t !y are a sort (      
sci5ce ( pray+ & sacrific+8  ,,eu?yphro3
 ,yes1 ,i d4  ,,socrates3 ,& sacrific+  
is giv+ to ! gods1 & pray] is ask+ ( !  
gods8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,yes1 ,socrates4     
,,socrates3 ,^u ?is view1 !n1 piety is a
 sci5ce ( ask+ & giv+8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,y  
und]/& me capitally1 ,socrates4         
,,socrates3 ,yes1 my fri5d2 ! reason is 
t ,i am a vot>y ( y\r sci5ce1 & give my 
m9d to x1 & !re=e no?+ :i* y say w be   
?r[n away ^u me4 ,please !n to tell me1 
:at is ! nature ( ?is s]vice to ! gods8 
,d y mean t we pref] reque/s & give     

gifts to !m8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,yes1 ,i d4   
,,socrates3 ,is n ! "r way ( ask+ to ask
 ( !m :at we want8  ,,eu?yphro3         
,c]ta9ly4  ,,socrates3 ,& ! "r way (    
giv+ is to give to !m 9 return :at !y   
want ( u4 ,!re w\ld be no mean+ 9 an art
 :i* gives to any "o t :i* he does n    
want4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,v true1 ,socrates4  
,,socrates3 ,!n piety1 ,eu?yphro1 is an 
art :i* gods & m5 h ( do+ bus9ess ) "o  
ano!r8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,t is an expression 
:i* y may use1 if y l4  ,,socrates3 ,b  
,i h no p>ticul> lik+ = any?+ b ! tru?4 
,i wi%1 h[ev]1 t y w\ld tell me :at     
b5efit accrues to ! gods f our gifts4   
,!re is no d\bt ab\t :at !y give to u2 =
 !re is no good ?+ :i* !y d n give2 b h[
 we c give any good ?+ to !m 9 return is
 f> f be+ equally cle>4 ,if !y give     
ev]y?+ & we give no?+1 t mu/ be an      
affair ( bus9ess 9 :i* we h v greatly ! 
advantage ( !m4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,& d y     
imag9e1 ,socrates1 t any b5efit accrues 
to ! gods f our gifts8  ,,socrates3 ,b  
if n1 ,eu?yphro1 :at is ! mean+ ( gifts 

:i* are conf]r$ by u ^u ! gods8         
,,eu?yphro3 ,:at else1 b tributes (     
hon\r2 &1 z ,i 0 j n[ say+1 :at pleases 
!m8  ,,socrates3 ,piety1 !n1 is pleas+  
to ! gods1 b n b5eficial or de> to !m8  
,,eu?yphro3 ,i %\ld say t no?+ c\ld be  
de>]4  ,,socrates3 ,!n once m ! ass]tion
 is repeat$ t piety is de> to ! gods8   
,,eu?yphro3 ,c]ta9ly4  ,,socrates3 ,& :5
 y say ?is1 c y wond] at y\r words n /&+
 firm1 b walk+ away8 ,w y accuse me (   
be+ ! ,da$alus :o makes !m walk away1 n 
p]ceiv+ t !re is ano!r & f> great] arti/
 ?an ,da$alus :o makes !m g r\nd 9 a    
circle1 & he is y\rself2 = ! argum5t1 z 
y w p]ceive1 comes r\nd to ! same po9t4 
,7 we n say+ t ! holy or pi\s 0 n ! same
 ) t :i* is lov$ ( ! gods8 ,h y =gott58 
,,eu?yphro3 ,i q rememb]4  ,,socrates3  
,& are y n say+ t :at is lov$ ( ! gods  
is holy2 & is n ?is ! same z :at is de> 
to !m--d y see8  ,,eu?yphro3 ,true4     
,,socrates3 ,!n ei!r we 7 wrong 9 our   
=m] ass]tion2 or1 if we 7 "r !n1 we are 
wrong n[4  ,,eu?yphro3 ,"o ( ! two mu/  

be true4  ,,socrates3 ,!n we mu/ beg9   
aga9 & ask1 ,:at is piety8 ,t is an     
enquiry :i* ,i %all nev] be we>y (      
pursu+ z f> z 9 me lies2 & ,i entreat y 
n to scorn me1 b to apply y\r m9d to !  
utmo/1 & tell me ! tru?4 ,=1 if any man 
kn[s1 y are he2 & !re=e ,i mu/ deta9 y1 
l ,proteus1 until y tell4 ,if y _h n    
c]ta9ly kn[n ! nature ( piety & impiety1
 ,i am confid5t t y w\ld nev]1 on behalf
 ( a s]f1 h *>g$ y\r ag$ fa!r ) murd]4  
,y w\ld n h run su* a risk ( do+ wrong 9
 ! sight ( ! gods1 & y w\ld h _h too mu*
 respect = ! op9ions ( m54 ,i am sure1  
!re=e1 t y "k ! nature ( piety &        
impiety4 ,speak out !n1 my de>          
,eu?yphro1 & d n hide y\r k4            
,,eu?yphro3 ,ano!r "t1 ,socrates2 = ,i  
am 9 a hurry1 & mu/ g n[4  ,,socrates3  
,alas6 my companion1 & w y leave me 9   
despair8 ,i 0 hop+ t y w\ld in/ruct me 9
 ! nature ( piety & impiety2 & !n ,i    
might h cle>$ myself ( ,meletus & 8     
indictm5t4 ,i w\ld h told him t ,i _h   
be5 enlight5$ by ,eu?yphro1 & _h giv5 up

 ra% innovations & speculations1 9 :i*  
,i indulg$ only ?r\gh ignorance1 & t n[ 
,i am ab\t to lead a bett] life4