,,pha$rus ,by ,plato ,translat$ by ,b5jam9 ,j[ett ,,introduction4 ,! ,pha$rus is closely connect$ ) ! ,symposium1 & may be reg>d$ ei!r z introduc+ or foll[+ x4 ,! two ,dialogues toge!r conta9 ! :ole philosophy ( ,plato on ! nature ( love1 :i* 9 ! ,republic & 9 ! lat] writ+s ( ,plato is only introduc$ playfully or z a figure ( spee*4 ,b 9 ! ,pha$rus & ,symposium love & philosophy jo9 h&s1 & "o is an aspect ( ! o!r4 ,! spiritual & emotional "p is elevat$ into ! ideal1 to :i* 9 ! ,symposium mank9d are describ$ z look+ =w>d1 & :i* 9 ! ,pha$rus1 z well z 9 ! ,pha$o1 !y are seek+ to recov] f a =m] /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,:e!r ! subject ( ! ,dialogue is love or rhetoric1 or ! union ( ! two1 or ! relation ( philosophy to love & to art 9 g5]al1 & to ! human s\l1 w be h]eaft] consid]$4 ,& p]haps we may arrive at "s conclusion su* z ! foll[+--t ! dialogue is n /rictly conf9$ to a s+le subject1 b passes f "o to ano!r ) ! natural fre$om ( conv]sation4 ,pha$rus has be5 sp5d+ ! morn+ ) ,lysias1 ! celebrat$ rhetorician1 & is go+ to refre% himself by tak+ a walk outside ! wall1 :5 he is met by ,socrates1 :o pr(esses t he w n leave him until he has deliv]$ up ! spee* ) :i* ,lysias has regal$ him1 & :i* he is c>ry+ ab\t 9 8 m9d1 or m probably 9 a book hidd5 "u 8 cloak1 & is int5d+ to /udy z he walks4 ,! imputation is n d5i$1 & ! two agree to direct _! /eps out ( ! public way along ! /ream ( ! ,ilissus t[>ds a plane-tree :i* is se5 9 ! di/ance4 ,!re1 ly+ d[n amid/ pleasant s\nds & sc5ts1 !y w read ! spee* ( ,lysias4 ,! c\ntry is a novelty to ,socrates1 :o nev] goes out ( ! t[n2 & h5ce he is full ( admiration = ! beauties ( nature1 :i* he seems to be dr9k+ 9 = ! fir/ "t4 ,z !y are on _! way1 ,pha$rus asks ! op9ion ( ,socrates respect+ ! local tradition ( ,boreas & ,orei?yia4 ,socrates1 aft] a satirical allusion to ! 'rationaliz]s' ( 8 day1 replies t he has no "t = ^! 'nice' int]pretations ( my?ology1 & he pities anyone :o has4 ,:5 y once beg9 !re is no end ( !m1 & !y spr+ f an uncritical philosophy aft] all4 ',! prop] /udy ( mank9d is man2' & he is a f> m complex & wond]ful be+ ?an ! s]p5t ,typho4 ,socrates z yet does n "k himself2 & :y %\ld he c>e to "k ab\t une>?ly mon/]s8 ,engag$ 9 su* conv]sation1 !y arrive at ! plane-tree2 :5 !y h f\nd a conv5i5t re/+-place1 ,pha$rus pulls out ! spee* & reads3-- ,! spee* consi/s ( a fooli% p>adox :i* is to ! effect t ! non-lov] ought to be accept$ r ?an ! lov]--because he is m rational1 m agreeable1 m endur+1 less suspici\s1 less hurtful1 less boa/ful1 less engross+1 & because !re are m ( !m1 & = a great _m o!r reasons :i* are equally unmean+4 ,pha$rus is captivat$ ) ! beauty ( ! p]iods1 & wants to make ,socrates say t no?+ 0 or ev] c\ld be writt5 bett]4 ,socrates does n ?9k mu* ( ! matt]1 b !n he has only att5d$ to ! =m1 & 9 t he has detect$ sev]al repetitions & o!r m>ks ( ha/e4 ,he _c agree ) ,pha$rus 9 ! extreme value :i* he sets ^u ?is p]=mance1 because he is afraid ( do+ inju/ice to ,anacreon & ,sappho & o!r great writ]s1 & is almo/ incl9$ to ?9k t he himself1 or r "s p[] resid+ )9 him1 c\ld make a spee* bett] ?an t ( ,lysias on ! same !me1 & also diff]5t f 81 if he may be all[$ ! use ( a few commonplaces :i* all speak]s mu/ equally employ4 ,pha$rus is delight$ at ! prospect ( hav+ ano!r spee*1 & promises t he w set up a gold5 /atue ( ,socrates at ,delphi1 if he keeps 8 ^w4 ,"s raill]y ensues1 & at l5g? ,socrates1 conqu]$ by ! ?reat t he %all nev] aga9 he> a spee* ( ,lysias unless he fulfils 8 promise1 veils 8 face & beg9s4 ,fir/1 invok+ ! ,muses & assum+ ironically ! p]son ( ! non-lov] 7:o is a lov] all ! same71 he w enquire into ! nature & p[] ( love4 ,= ?is is a necess>y prelim9>y to ! o!r "q--,h[ is ! non-lov] to be di/+ui%$ f ! lov]8 ,9 all ( u !re are two pr9ciples--a bett] & a worse--reason & desire1 :i* are g5]ally at w> ) "o ano!r2 & ! victory ( ! rational is call$ temp]ance1 & ! victory ( ! irrational intemp]ance or excess4 ,! latt] takes _m =ms & has _m bad names--gluttony1 drunk5ness1 & ! l4 ,b ( all ! irrational desires or excesses ! greate/ is t :i* is l$ away by desires ( a k9dr$ nature to ! enjoym5t ( p]sonal beauty4 ,& ?is is ! ma/] p[] ( love4 ,"h ,socrates fancies t he detects 9 himself an unusual fl[ ( eloqu5ce--?is newly-f\nd gift he c only attribute to ! inspiration ( ! place1 :i* appe>s to be d$icat$ to ! nymphs4 ,/>t+ aga9 f ! philosophical basis :i* has be5 laid d[n1 he proce$s to %[ h[ _m advantages ! non-lov] has ov] ! lov]4 ,! "o enc\rages s(tness & effem9acy & exclusiv5ess2 he _c endure any sup]iority 9 8 belov$2 he w tra9 him 9 luxury1 he w keep him out ( society1 he w deprive him ( p>5ts1 fri5ds1 money1 k1 & ( e o!r good1 t he may h him all to himself4 ,!n aga9 8 ways are n ways ( pleasantness2 he is mighty disagreeable2 'crabb$ age & y\? _c live toge!r4' ,at e h\r ( ! night & day he is intrud+ ^u him2 !re is ! same old )]$ face & ! rema9d] to mat*--& he is always repeat+1 9 season or out ( season1 ! praises or dispraises ( 8 belov$1 :i* are bad en\gh :5 he is sob]1 & publi%$ all ov] ! _w :5 he is drunk4 ,at l5g? 8 love ceases2 he is conv]t$ into an enemy1 & ! spectacle may be se5 ( ! lov] runn+ away f ! belov$1 :o pursues him ) va9 reproa*es1 & dem&s 8 rew>d :i* ! o!r refuses to pay4 ,too late ! belov$ le>ns1 aft] all 8 pa9s & disagreeables1 t ',z wolves love lambs s lov]s love _! loves4' 7,comp>e ,*>47 ,"h is ! end2 ! 'o!r' or 'non-lov]' "p ( ! spee* _h bett] be und]/ood1 = if 9 ! c5sure ( ! lov] ,socrates has brok5 out 9 v]se1 :at w he n d 9 8 praise ( ! non-lov]8 ,he has said 8 say & is prep>+ to g away4 ,pha$rus begs him to rema91 at any rate until ! heat ( noon has pass$2 he w\ld l to h a little m conv]sation be=e !y g4 ,socrates1 :o has ris51 recognizes ! oracul> sign :i* =bids him to dep>t until he has done p5ance4 ,8 consci\s has be5 awak5$1 & l ,/esi*orus :5 he _h revil$ ! lovely ,hel5 he w s+ a pal9ode = hav+ blasphem$ ! maje/y ( love4 ,8 pal9ode takes ! =m ( a my?4 ,socrates beg9s 8 tale ) a glorification ( madness1 :i* he divides into f\r k9ds3 fir/1 !re is ! art ( div9ation or prophecy--?is1 9 a ve9 simil> to t p]vad+ ! ,cratylus & ,io1 he connects ) madness by an etymological explanation 7mantike1 manike--comp>e oionoi/ike1 oioni/ike1 ''tis all "o reckon+1 save ! phrase is a little v>iations'72 secondly1 !re is ! art ( purification by my/]ies2 ?irdly1 poetry or ! inspiration ( ! ,muses 7comp>e ,ion71 )\t :i* no man c ent] _! temple4 ,all ?is %[s t madness is "o ( heav5's bless+s1 & may sometimes be a great deal bett] ?an s5se4 ,!re is also a f\r? k9d ( madness--t ( love--:i* _c be expla9$ )\t enquir+ into ! nature ( ! s\l4 ,all s\l is immortal1 = %e is ! s\rce ( all motion bo? 9 h]self & 9 o!rs4 ,h] =m may be describ$ 9 a figure z a composite nature made up ( a *>iote] & a pair ( w+$ /e$s4 ,! /e$s ( ! gods are immortal1 b ours are "o mortal & ! o!r immortal4 ,! immortal s\l so>s upw>ds into ! heav5s1 b ! mortal drops h] plumes & settles ^u ! e>?4 ,n[ ! use ( ! w+ is to rise & c>ry ! d[nw>d elem5t into ! upp] _w--!re to behold beauty1 wisdom1 goodness1 & ! o!r ?+s ( ,god by :i* ! s\l is n\ri%$4 ,on a c]ta9 day ,zeus ! "l ( heav5 goes =? 9 a w+$ *>iot2 & an array ( gods & demi-gods & ( human s\ls 9 _! tra91 foll[s him4 ,!re are glori\s & bless$ sights 9 ! int]ior ( heav51 & he :o w may freely behold !m4 ,! great vision ( all is se5 at ! fea/ ( ! gods1 :5 !y asc5d ! heights ( ! empyrean--all b ,he/ia1 :o is left at home to keep h\se4 ,! *>iots ( ! gods glide readily upw>ds & /& ^u ! outside2 ! revolution ( ! sph]es c>ries !m r\nd1 & !y h a vision ( ! _w beyond4 ,b ! o!rs lab\r 9 va92 = ! mortal /e$1 if he has n be5 prop]ly tra9$1 keeps !m d[n & s9ks !m t[>ds ! e>?4 ,( ! _w :i* is beyond ! heav5s1 :o c tell8 ,!re is an ess5ce =mless1 col\rless1 intangible1 p]ceiv$ by ! m9d only1 dwell+ 9 ! region ( true k4 ,! div9e m9d 9 h] revolution enjoys ?is fair prospect1 & beholds ju/ice1 temp]ance1 & k 9 _! ev]la/+ ess5ce4 ,:5 fulfill$ ) ! sight ( !m %e returns home1 & ! *>iote] puts up ! horses 9 _! /able1 & gives !m ambrosia to eat & nect> to dr9k4 ,?is is ! life ( ! gods2 ! human s\l tries to rea* ! same heights1 b h>dly succe$s2 & sometimes ! head ( ! *>iote] rises above1 & sometimes s9ks bel[1 ! fair vision1 & he is at la/ oblig$1 aft] mu* cont5tion1 to turn away & leave ! pla9 ( tru?4 ,b if ! s\l has foll[$ 9 ! tra9 ( h] god & once beheld tru? %e is pres]v$ f h>m1 & is c>ri$ r\nd 9 ! next revolution ( ! sph]es2 & if always foll[+1 & always see+ ! tru?1 is !n = ev] unh>m$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 %e drops h] w+s & falls to ! e>?1 !n %e takes ! =m ( man1 & ! s\l :i* has se5 mo/ ( ! tru? passes into a philosoph] or lov]2 t :i* has se5 tru? 9 ! second degree1 into a k+ or w>rior2 ! ?ird1 into a h\sehold] or money-mak]2 ! f\r?1 into a gymna/2 ! fif?1 into a prophet or my/ic2 ! six?1 into a poet or imitator2 ! sev5?1 into a husb&man or craftsman2 ! eigh?1 into a sophi/ or demagogue2 ! n9?1 into a tyrant4 ,all ^! are /ates ( probation1 :]e9 he :o lives righte\sly is improv$1 & he :o lives unrighte\sly det]iorates4 ,aft] dea? comes ! judgm5t2 ! bad dep>t to h\ses ( correction "u ! e>?1 ! good to places ( joy 9 heav54 ,:5 a ?\s& ye>s h elaps$ ! s\ls meet toge!r & *oose ! lives :i* !y w lead = ano!r p]iod ( exi/5ce4 ,! s\l :i* ?ree times 9 succession has *os5 ! life ( a philosoph] or ( a lov] :o is n )\t philosophy receives h] w+s at ! close ( ! ?ird mill5nium2 ! rema9d] h to complete a cycle ( t5 ?\s& ye>s be=e _! w+s are re/or$ to !m4 ,ea* "t !re is full lib]ty ( *oice4 ,! s\l ( a man may desc5d into a bea/1 & return aga9 into ! =m ( man4 ,b ! =m ( man w only be tak5 by ! s\l :i* has once se5 tru? & acquir$ "s conception ( ! univ]sal3--?is is ! recollection ( ! k :i* %e atta9$ :5 9 ! company ( ! ,gods4 ,& m5 9 g5]al recall only ) difficulty ! ?+s ( ano!r _w1 b ! m9d ( ! philosoph] has a bett] remembrance ( !m4 ,= :5 he beholds ! visible beauty ( e>? 8 enraptur$ s\l passes 9 ?\ght to ^? glori\s sights ( ju/ice & wisdom & temp]ance & tru? :i* %e once gaz$ ^u 9 heav54 ,!n %e celebrat$ holy my/]ies & beheld bless$ app>itions %9+ 9 pure light1 h]self pure1 & n z yet entomb$ 9 ! body4 ,& /ill1 l a bird eag] to quit its cage1 %e flutt]s & looks upw>ds1 & is !re=e deem$ mad4 ,su* a recollection ( pa/ days %e receives ?r\gh sight1 ! ke5e/ ( our s5ses1 because beauty1 alone ( ! ideas1 has any repres5tation on e>?3 wisdom is invisible to mortal eyes4 ,b ! corrupt$ nature1 bl9dly excit$ by ?is vision ( beauty1 ru%es on to enjoy1 & w\ld fa9 wall[ l a brute bea/ 9 s5sual pleasures4 ,:]eas ! true my/ic1 :o has se5 ! _m sights ( bliss1 :5 he beholds a god-l =m or face is amaz$ ) delight1 & if he 7 n afraid ( be+ ?\ght mad he w\ld fall d[n & wor%ip4 ,!n ! /iff5$ w+ beg9s to relax & gr[ aga92 desire :i* has be5 imprison$ p\rs ov] ! s\l ( ! lov]2 ! g]m ( ! w+ unfolds1 & /+s1 & pangs ( bir?1 l ! cutt+ ( tee?1 are ev]y:]e felt4 7,comp>e ,symp47 ,fa!r & "m1 & goods & laws & proprieties are no?+ to him2 8 belov$ is 8 physician1 :o c alone cure 8 pa94 ,an apocryphal sacr$ writ] says t ! p[] :i* ?us works 9 him is by mortals call$ love1 b ! immortals call him dove1 or ! w+$ "o1 9 ord] to repres5t ! =ce ( 8 w+s--su* at any rate is 8 nature4 ,n[ ! *>act]s ( lov]s dep5d ^u ! god :om !y foll[$ 9 ! o!r _w2 & !y *oose _! loves 9 ?is _w accord+ly4 ,! foll[]s ( ,ares are fi]ce & viol5t2 ^? ( ,zeus seek out "s philosophical & imp]ial nature2 ! att5dants ( ,"h f9d a royal love2 & 9 l mann] ! foll[]s ( e god seek a love :o is l _! god2 & to him !y communicate ! nature :i* !y h receiv$ f _! god4 ,! mann] 9 :i* !y take _! love is z foll[s3-- ,i told y ab\t ! *>iote] & 8 two /e$s1 ! "o a noble animal :o is guid$ by ^w & admonition only1 ! o!r an ill-look+ villa9 :o w h>dly yield to bl[ or spur4 ,toge!r all ?ree1 :o are a figure ( ! s\l1 approa* ! vision ( love4 ,& n[ a fi]ce conflict beg9s4 ,! ill-condition$ /e$ ru%es on to enjoy1 b ! *>iote]1 :o beholds ! belov$ ) awe1 falls back 9 adoration1 & =ces bo? ! /e$s on _! haun*es2 aga9 ! evil /e$ ru%es =w>ds & pulls %amelessly4 ,! conflict gr[s m & m sev]e2 & at la/ ! *>iote]1 ?r[+ himself backw>ds1 =ces ! bit out ( ! cl5*$ tee? ( ! brute1 & pull+ h>d] ?an ev] at ! re9s1 cov]s 8 tongue & jaws ) blood1 & =ces him to re/ 8 legs & haun*es ) pa9 ^u ! gr\nd4 ,:5 ?is has happ5$ sev]al times1 ! villa9 is tam$ & humbl$1 & f t "t =w>d ! s\l ( ! lov] foll[s ! belov$ 9 mode/y & holy fe>4 ,& n[ _! bliss is consummat$2 ! same image ( love dwells 9 ! brea/ ( ei!r1 & if !y h self-control1 !y pass _! lives 9 ! greate/ happ9ess :i* is atta9able by man--!y cont9ue ma/]s ( !mselves1 & conqu] 9 "o ( ! ?ree heav5ly victories4 ,b if !y *oose ! l[] life ( ambition !y may /ill h a happy de/9y1 ?\gh inf]ior1 because !y h n ! approval ( ! :ole s\l4 ,at la/ !y leave ! body & proce$ on _! pilgrim's progress1 & ^? :o h once begun c nev] g back4 ,:5 ! "t comes !y receive _! w+s & fly away1 & ! lov]s h ! same w+s4 ,socrates concludes3-- ,^! are ! bless+s ( love1 & ?us h ,i made my recantation 9 f9] language ?an be=e3 ,i did s 9 ord] to please ,pha$rus4 ,if ,i said :at 0 wrong at fir/1 please to attribute my error to ,lysias1 :o ought to /udy philosophy in/ead ( rhetoric1 & !n he w n mislead 8 disciple ,pha$rus4 ,pha$rus is afraid t he w lose conceit ( ,lysias1 & t ,lysias w be out ( conceit ) himself1 & leave (f mak+ spee*es1 = ! politicians h be5 d]id+ him4 ,socrates is ( op9ion t !re is small dang] ( ?is2 ! politicians are !mselves ! great rhetoricians ( ! age1 :o desire to atta9 immortality by ! au?or%ip ( laws4 ,& !re=e !re is no?+ ) :i* !y c reproa* ,lysias 9 be+ a writ]2 b !re may be disgrace 9 be+ a bad "o4 ,& :at is good or bad writ+ or speak+8 ,:ile ! sun is hot 9 ! sky above u1 let u ask t "q3 s9ce by rational conv]sation man lives1 & n by ! indulg5ce ( bodily pleasures4 ,& ! gras%opp]s :o are *irrup+ ar\nd may c>ry our words to ! ,muses1 :o are _! patronesses2 = ! gras%opp]s 7 human be+s !mselves 9 a _w be=e ! ,muses1 & :5 ! ,muses came !y di$ ( hung] = ! love ( song4 ,& !y c>ry to !m 9 heav5 ! report ( ^? :o hon\r !m on e>?4 ,! fir/ rule ( good speak+ is to "k & speak ! tru?2 z a ,sp>tan prov]b says1 'true art is tru?'2 :]eas rhetoric is an art ( en*antm5t1 :i* makes ?+s appe> good & evil1 l & unlike1 z ! speak] pleases4 ,its use is n conf9$1 z p commonly suppose1 to argum5ts 9 ! law c\rts & spee*es 9 ! assembly2 x is r a "p ( ! art ( disputation1 "u :i* are includ$ bo? ! rules ( ,gorgias & ! eri/ic ( ,z5o4 ,b x is n :olly devoid ( tru?4 ,sup]ior k enables u to deceive ano!r by ! help ( resemblances1 & to escape f su* a deception :5 employ$ aga9/ ourselves4 ,we see !re=e t ev5 9 rhetoric an elem5t ( tru? is requir$4 ,= if we d n "k ! tru?1 we c nei!r make ! gradual dep>tures f tru? by :i* m5 are mo/ easily deceiv$1 nor gu>d ourselves aga9/ deception4 ,socrates !n proposes t !y %all use ! two spee*es z illu/rations ( ! art ( rhetoric2 fir/ di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! debatable & undisput$ class ( subjects4 ,9 ! debatable class !re ought to be a def9ition ( all disput$ matt]s4 ,b !re 0 no su* def9ition 9 ! spee* ( ,lysias2 nor is !re any ord] or connection 9 8 words any m ?an 9 a nurs]y rhyme4 ,) ?is he comp>es ! regul> divisions ( ! o!r spee*1 :i* 0 8 own 7& yet n 8 own1 = ! local deities mu/ h inspir$ him74 ,al?\gh only a playful composition1 x w be f\nd to embody two pr9ciples3 fir/1 t ( syn!sis or ! compreh5sion ( p>ts 9 a :ole2 secondly1 analysis1 or ! resolution ( ! :ole into p>ts4 ,^! are ! processes ( division & g5]alization :i* are s de> to ! dialectician1 t k+ ( m54 ,!y are effect$ by dialectic1 & n by rhetoric1 ( :i* ! rema9s are b scanty aft] ord] & arrangem5t h be5 subtract$4 ,!re is no?+ left b a heap ( 'ologies' & o!r te*nical t]ms inv5t$ by ,polus1 ,!odorus1 ,ev5us1 ,tisias1 ,gorgias1 & o!rs1 :o h rules = ev]y?+1 & :o tea* h[ to be %ort or long at pleasure4 ,prodicus %[$ 8 good s5se :5 he said t !re 0 a bett] ?+ ?an ei!r to be %ort or long1 :i* 0 to be ( conv5i5t l5g?4 ,/ill1 not)/&+ ! absurdities ( ,polus & o!rs1 rhetoric has great p[] 9 public assemblies4 ,?is p[]1 h[ev]1 is n giv5 by any te*nical rules1 b is ! gift ( g5ius4 ,! real art is always be+ confus$ by rhetoricians ) ! prelim9>ies ( ! art4 ,! p]fection ( oratory is l ! p]fection ( any?+ else2 natural p[] mu/ be aid$ by art4 ,b ! art is n t :i* is taught 9 ! s*ools ( rhetoric2 x is ne>] ak9 to philosophy4 ,p]icles1 = in/ance1 :o 0 ! mo/ accompli%$ ( all speak]s1 d]iv$ 8 eloqu5ce n f rhetoric b f ! philosophy ( nature :i* he le>nt ( ,anaxagoras4 ,true rhetoric is l m$ic9e1 & ! rhetorician has to consid] ! natures ( m5's s\ls z ! physician consid]s ! natures ( _! bodies4 ,su* & su* p]sons are to be affect$ 9 ?is way1 su* & su* o!rs 9 t2 & he mu/ "k ! times & ! seasons = say+ ?is or t4 ,?is is n an easy task1 & ?is1 if !re be su* an art1 is ! art ( rhetoric4 ,i "k t !re are "s pr(essors ( ! art :o ma9ta9 probability to be /rong] ?an tru?4 ,b we ma9ta9 t probability is eng5d]$ by lik5ess ( ! tru? :i* c only be atta9$ by ! k ( x1 & t ! aim ( ! good man %\ld n be to please or p]suade 8 fell[-s]vants1 b to please 8 good ma/]s :o are ! gods4 ,rhetoric has a fair beg9n+ 9 ?is4 ,en\gh ( ! art ( speak+2 let u n[ proce$ to consid] ! true use ( writ+4 ,!re is an old ,egyptian tale ( ,!u?1 ! inv5tor ( writ+1 %[+ 8 inv5tion to ! god ,?amus1 :o told him t he w\ld only spoil m5's memories & take away _! und]/&+s4 ,f ?is tale1 ( :i* "y ,a!ns w probably make fun1 may be ga!r$ ! lesson t writ+ is inf]ior to spee*4 ,= x is l a picture1 :i* c give no answ] to a "q1 & has only a deceitful lik5ess ( a liv+ creature4 ,x has no p[] ( adaptation1 b uses ! same words = all4 ,x is n a legitimate son ( k1 b a ba/>d1 & :5 an attack is made ^u ?is ba/>d nei!r p>5t nor anyone else is !re to def5d x4 ,! husb&man w n s]i\sly incl9e to s[ 8 se$ 9 su* a hot-b$ or g>d5 ( ,adonis2 he w r s[ 9 ! natural soil ( ! human s\l :i* has dep? ( e>?2 & he w anticipate ! inn] gr[? ( ! m9d1 by writ+ only1 if at all1 z a rem$y aga9/ old age4 ,! natural process w be f> nobl]1 & w br+ =? fruit 9 ! m9ds ( o!rs z well z 9 8 own4 ,! conclusion ( ! :ole matt] is j ?is1--t until a man kn[s ! tru?1 & ! mann] ( adapt+ ! tru? to ! natures ( o!r m51 he _c be a good orator2 also1 t ! liv+ is bett] ?an ! writt5 ^w1 & t ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & tru? :5 deliv]$ by ^w ( m\? are ! legitimate (fspr+ ( a man's own bosom1 & _! lawful desc5dants take up _! abode 9 o!rs4 ,su* an orator z he is :o is possess$ ( !m1 y & ,i w\ld fa9 become4 ,& to all compos]s 9 ! _w1 poets1 orators1 legislators1 we h]eby ann\nce t if _! compositions are bas$ ^u ^! pr9ciples1 !n !y are n only poets1 orators1 legislators1 b philosoph]s4 ,all o!rs are m]e flatt]]s & putt]s toge!r ( words4 ,?is is ! message :i* ,pha$rus und]takes to c>ry to ,lysias f ! local deities1 & ,socrates himself w c>ry a simil> message to 8 fav\rite ,isocrates1 ^: future di/9ction z a great rhetorician he prophesies4 ,! heat ( ! day has pass$1 & aft] (f]+ up a pray] to ,pan & ! nymphs1 ,socrates & ,pha$rus dep>t4 ,!re are two pr9cipal controv]sies :i* h be5 rais$ ab\t ! ,pha$rus2 ! fir/ relates to ! subject1 ! second to ! date ( ! ,dialogue4 ,!re seems to be a notion t ! "w ( a great arti/ l ,plato _c fail 9 unity1 & t ! unity ( a dialogue requires a s+le subject4 ,b ! conception ( unity really applies 9 v diff]5t degrees & ways to diff]5t k9ds ( art2 to a /atue1 = example1 f> m ?an to any k9d ( lit]>y composition1 & to "s species ( lit]ature f> m ?an to o!rs4 ,nor does ! dialogue appe> to be a /yle ( composition 9 :i* ! requirem5t ( unity is mo/ /r+5t2 nor %\ld ! idea ( unity d]iv$ f "o sort ( art be ha/ily transf]r$ to ano!r4 ,! d\ble titles ( sev]al ( ! ,platonic ,dialogues are a fur!r pro( t ! sev]] rule 0 n obs]v$ by ,plato4 ,! ,republic is divid$ betwe5 ! se>* aft] ju/ice & ! con/ruction ( ! ideal /ate2 ! ,p>m5ides betwe5 ! criticism ( ! ,platonic ideas & ( ! ,eleatic "o or be+2 ! ,gorgias betwe5 ! art ( speak+ & ! nature ( ! good2 ! ,sophi/ betwe5 ! detection ( ! ,sophi/ & ! correlation ( ideas4 ,! ,!aetetus1 ! ,politicus1 & ! ,philebus h also digressions :i* are b remotely connect$ ) ! ma9 subject4 ,?us ! comp>ison ( ,plato's o!r writ+s1 z well z ! reason ( ! ?+1 lead u to ! conclusion t we mu/ n expect to f9d "o idea p]vad+ a :ole "w1 b "o1 two1 or m1 z ! inv5tion ( ! writ] may sugge/1 or 8 fancy w&]4 ,if ea* dialogue 7 conf9$ to ! developm5t ( a s+le idea1 ?is w\ld appe> on ! face ( ! dialogue1 nor c\ld any controv]sy be rais$ z to :e!r ! ,pha$rus treat$ ( love or rhetoric4 ,b ! tru? is t ,plato subjects himself to no rule ( ?is sort4 ,l e great arti/ he gives unity ( =m to ! diff]5t & app>5tly di/ract+ topics :i* he br+s toge!r4 ,he works freely & is n to be suppos$ to h arrang$ e "p ( ! dialogue be=e he beg9s to write4 ,he fa/5s or weaves toge!r ! frame ( 8 disc\rse loosely & imp]fectly1 & :i* is ! w>p & :i* is ! wo( _c always be det]m9$4 ,! subjects ( ! ,pha$rus 7exclusive ( ! %ort introductory passage ab\t my?ology :i* is sugge/$ by ! local tradition7 are fir/ ! false or conv5tional art ( rhetoric2 secondly1 love or ! inspiration ( beauty & k1 :i* is describ$ z madness2 ?irdly1 dialectic or ! art ( composition & division2 f\r?ly1 ! true rhetoric1 :i* is bas$ ^u dialectic1 & is nei!r ! art ( p]suasion nor k ( ! tru? alone1 b ! art ( p]suasion f\nd$ on k ( tru? & k ( "*2 fif?ly1 ! sup]iority ( ! spok5 ov] ! writt5 ^w4 ,! cont9u\s ?read :i* appe>s & reappe>s ?r\gh\t is rhetoric2 ?is is ! gr\nd into :i* ! re/ ( ! ,dialogue is work$1 9 p>ts embroid]$ ) f9e words :i* are n 9 ,socrates' mann]1 z he says1 '9 ord] to please ,pha$rus4' ,! spee* ( ,lysias :i* has ?r[n ,pha$rus into an ec/acy is adduc$ z an example ( ! false rhetoric2 ! fir/ spee* ( ,socrates1 ?\gh an improvem5t1 p>takes ( ! same "*2 8 second spee*1 :i* is full ( t high] elem5t said to h be5 le>n$ ( ,anaxagoras by ,p]icles1 & :i* 9 ! mid/ ( poetry does n =get ord]1 is an illu/ration ( ! high] or true rhetoric4 ,?is high] rhetoric is bas$ ^u dialectic1 & dialectic is a sort ( inspiration ak9 to love 7comp>e ,symp472 9 ^! two aspects ( philosophy ! te*nicalities ( rhetoric are absorb$4 ,& s ! example becomes also ! deep] !me ( disc\rse4 ,! true k ( ?+s 9 heav5 & e>? is bas$ ^u en?usiasm or love ( ! ideas go+ be=e u & ev] pres5t to u 9 ?is _w & 9 ano!r2 & ! true ord] ( spee* or writ+ proce$s accord+ly4 ,love1 aga91 has ?ree degrees3 fir/1 ( int]e/$ love correspond+ to ! conv5tionalities ( rhetoric2 secondly1 ( dis9t]e/$ or mad love1 fix$ on objects ( s5se1 & answ]+1 p]haps1 to poetry2 ?irdly1 ( dis9t]e/$ love direct$ t[>ds ! unse51 answ]+ to dialectic or ! sci5ce ( ! ideas4 ,la/ly1 ! art ( rhetoric 9 ! l[] s5se is f\nd to re/ on a k ( ! natures & *>act]s ( m51 :i* ,socrates at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,dialogue has describ$ z 8 own peculi> /udy4 ,?us amid discord a h>mony beg9s to appe>2 !re are _m l9ks ( connection :i* are n visible at fir/ sight4 ,at ! same "t ! ,pha$rus1 al?\gh "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ,platonic ,dialogues1 is also m irregul> ?an any o!r4 ,= insight into ! _w1 = su/a9$ irony1 = dep? ( ?\ght1 !re is no ,dialogue sup]ior1 or p]haps equal to x4 ,nev]!less ! =m ( ! "w has t5d$ to obscure "s ( ,plato's high] aims4 ,! fir/ spee* is compos$ '9 t balanc$ /yle 9 :i* ! wise love to talk' 7,symp474 ,! *>act]i/ics ( rhetoric are insipidity1 mann]ism1 & monoton\s p>allelism ( clauses4 ,!re is m rhy?m ?an reason2 ! creative p[] ( imag9ation is want+4 '',tis ,greece1 b liv+ ,greece no m4' ,plato has seiz$ by anticipation ! _s :i* hung ov] ,greek lit]ature = a ?\s& ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,yet d\btless !re 7 "s :o1 l ,pha$rus1 felt a delight 9 ! h>moni\s cad5ce & ! p$antic reason+ ( ! rhetoricians newly import$ f ,sicily1 :i* _h ceas$ to be awak5$ 9 !m by really great works1 su* z ! odes ( ,anacreon or ,sappho or ! orations ( ,p]icles4 ,t ! fir/ spee* 0 really writt5 by ,lysias is improbable4 ,l ! poem ( ,solon1 or ! /ory ( ,?amus & ,!u?1 or ! fun]al oration ( ,aspasia 7if g5u9e71 or ! pret5ce ( ,socrates 9 ! ,cratylus t 8 k ( philology is d]iv$ f ,eu?yphro1 ! inv5tion is really due to ! imag9ation ( ,plato1 & may be comp>$ to ! p>odies ( ! ,sophi/s 9 ! ,protagoras4 ,num]\s fictions ( ?is sort occur 9 ! ,dialogues1 & ! gravity ( ,plato has sometimes impos$ ^u 8 comm5tators4 ,! introduction ( a consid]able writ+ ( ano!r w\ld seem n to be 9 keep+ ) a great "w ( art1 & has no p>allel else:]e4 ,9 ! second spee* ,socrates is exhibit$ z beat+ ! rhetoricians at _! own weapons2 he 'an unpractis$ man & !y ma/]s ( ! art4' ,true to 8 "*1 he mu/1 h[ev]1 pr(ess t ! spee* :i* he makes is n 8 own1 = he kn[s no?+ ( himself4 7,comp>e ,symp47 ,reg>d$ z a rhetorical ex]cise1 ! sup]iority ( 8 spee* seems to consi/ *iefly 9 a bett] arrangem5t ( ! topics2 he beg9s ) a def9ition ( love1 & he gives weight to 8 words by go+ back to g5]al maxims2 a less] m]it is ! great] livel9ess ( ,socrates1 :i* hurries him into v]se & relieves ! monotony ( ! /yle4 ,b ,plato _h d\btless a high] purpose ?an to exhibit ,socrates z ! rival or sup]ior ( ! ,a!nian rhetoricians4 ,ev5 9 ! spee* ( ,lysias !re is a g]m ( tru?1 & ?is is fur!r develop$ 9 ! p>allel oration ( ,socrates4 ,fir/1 passionate love is ov]?r[n by ! sophi/ical or int]e/$1 & !n bo? yield to t high] view ( love :i* is aft]w>ds reveal$ to u4 ,! extreme ( commonplace is contra/$ ) ! mo/ ideal & imag9ative ( speculations4 ,socrates1 half 9 je/ & to satisfy 8 own wild hum\r1 takes ! disguise ( ,lysias1 b he is also 9 pr(\nd e>ne/ & 9 a deep] ve9 ( irony ?an usual4 ,hav+ improvis$ 8 own spee*1 :i* is bas$ ^u ! model ( ! prec$+1 he condemns !m bo?4 ,yet ! condemnation is n to be tak5 s]i\sly1 = he is evid5tly try+ to express an aspect ( ! tru?4 ,to und]/& him1 we mu/ make ab/raction ( morality & ( ! ,greek mann] ( reg>d+ ! relation ( ! sexes4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 8 o!r discussions ab\t love1 :at ,plato says ( ! loves ( m5 mu/ be transf]r$ to ! loves ( wom5 be=e we c atta* any s]i\s mean+ to 8 words4 ,_h he liv$ 9 our times he w\ld h made ! transposition himself4 ,b see+ 9 8 own age ! impossibility ( woman be+ ! intellectual helpmate or fri5d ( man 7except 9 ! r>e in/ances ( a ,diotima or an ,aspasia71 see+ t1 ev5 z to p]sonal beauty1 h] place 0 tak5 by "y mank9d in/ead ( womank9d1 he tries to "w out ! problem ( love )\t reg>d to ! di/9ctions ( nature4 ,& full ( ! evils :i* he recogniz$ z fl[+ f ! spuri\s =m ( love1 he proce$s ) a deep mean+1 ?\gh p>tly 9 joke1 to %[ t ! 'non-lov]'s' love is bett] ?an ! 'lov]'s4' ,we may raise ! same "q 9 ano!r =m3 ,is m>riage pref]able ) or )\t love8 ',among ourselves1' z we may say1 a little p>ody+ ! words ( ,pausanias 9 ! ,symposium1 '!re w\ld be "o answ] to ?is "q3 ! practice & feel+ ( "s =eign c\ntries appe>s to be m d\btful4' ,suppose a mod]n ,socrates1 9 defiance ( ! receiv$ notions ( society & ! s5tim5tal lit]ature ( ! day1 alone aga9/ all ! writ]s & read]s ( novels1 to sugge/ ?is enquiry1 w\ld n ! y\ng] '"p ( ! _w be ready to take (f its coat & run at him might & ma98' 7,republic47 ,yet1 if l ,pei/heta]us 9 ,ari/ophanes1 he c\ld p]suade ! 'birds' to he> him1 retir+ a little beh9d a ramp>t1 n ( pots & di%es1 b ( unreadable books1 he might h some?+ to say = himself4 ,might he n argue1 't a rational be+ %\ld n foll[ ! dictates ( passion 9 ! mo/ important act ( 8 or h] life'8 ,:o w\ld will+ly ent] into a contract at fir/ sight1 almo/ )\t ?\ght1 aga9/ ! advice & op9ion ( 8 fri5ds1 at a "t :5 he ackn[l$ges t he is n 9 8 "r m9d8 ,& yet !y are prais$ by ! au?ors ( romances1 :o reject ! w>n+s ( _! fri5ds or p>5ts1 r ?an ^? :o li/5 to !m 9 su* matt]s4 ,two inexp]i5c$ p]sons1 ignorant ( ! _w & ( "o ano!r1 h[ c !y be said to *oose8--!y draw lots1 :5ce also ! say+1 'm>riage is a lott]y4' ,!n he w\ld describe _! way ( life aft] m>riage2 h[ !y monopolize "o ano!r's affections to ! exclusion ( fri5ds & relations3 h[ !y pass _! days 9 unmean+ fondness or trivial conv]sation2 h[ ! inf]ior ( ! two drags ! o!r d[n to 8 or h] level2 h[ ! c>es ( a family 'bre$ meanness 9 _! s\ls4' ,9 ! fulfilm5t ( milit>y or public duties1 !y are n help]s b h9d]]s ( "o ano!r3 !y _c und]take any noble ent]prise1 su* z makes ! names ( m5 & wom5 fam\s1 f dome/ic consid]ations4 ,too late _! eyes are op5$2 !y 7 tak5 unaw>es & desire to "p company4 ,bett]1 he w\ld say1 a 'little love at ! beg9n+1' = heav5 might h increas$ x2 b n[ _! fooli% fondness has *ang$ into mutual dislike4 ,9 ! days ( _! honeymoon !y nev] und]/ood t !y mu/ provide aga9/ (f5ces1 t !y mu/ h int]e/s1 t !y mu/ le>n ! art ( liv+ z well z lov+4 ,our misogami/ w n appeal to ,anacreon or ,sappho = a confirmation ( 8 view1 b to ! univ]sal exp]i5ce ( mank9d4 ,h[ mu* nobl]1 9 conclusion1 he w say1 is fri5d%ip1 :i* does n receive unmean+ praises f noveli/s & poets1 is n exact+ or exclusive1 is n impair$ by famili>ity1 is mu* less exp5sive1 is n s likely to take (f5ce1 seldom *anges1 & may be dissolv$ f "t to "t )\t ! assi/ance ( ! c\rts4 ,besides1 he w rem>k t !re is a mu* great] *oice ( fri5ds ?an ( wives--y may h m ( !m & !y w be f> m improv+ to y\r m9d4 ,!y w n keep y dawdl+ at home1 or danc+ att5dance ^u !m2 or )draw y f ! great _w & /irr+ sc5es ( life & action :i* w\ld make a man ( y4 ,9 su* a mann]1 turn+ ! seamy side outw>ds1 a mod]n ,socrates might describe ! evils ( m>ri$ & dome/ic life4 ,!y are evils :i* mank9d 9 g5]al h agre$ to conceal1 p>tly because !y are comp5sat$ by great] goods4 ,socrates or ,ar*ilo*us w\ld soon h to s+ a pal9ode = ! inju/ice done to lovely ,hel51 or "s mis=tune worse ?an bl9dness might be fall !m4 ,!n !y w\ld take up _! p>able aga9 & say3--t !re 7 two loves1 a high] & a l[]1 holy & unholy1 a love ( ! m9d & a love ( ! body4 ',let me n to ! m>riage ( true m9ds ,admit imp$im5ts4 ,love is n love ,:i* alt]s :5 x alt]ation f9ds4 44444 ,love's n "t's fool1 ?\gh rosy lips & *eeks ,)9 8 b5d+ sickle's compass come2 ,love alt]s n ) 8 brief h\rs & weeks1 ,b be>s x out ev5 to ! edge ( doom4' ,b ?is true love ( ! m9d _c exi/ betwe5 two s\ls1 until !y are purifi$ f ! grossness ( e>?ly passion3 !y mu/ pass ?r\gh a "t ( trial & conflict fir/2 9 ! language ( religion !y mu/ be conv]t$ or born aga94 ,!n !y w\ld see ! _w trans=m$ into a sc5e ( heav5ly beauty2 a div9e idea w\ld accompany !m 9 all _! ?\ghts & actions4 ,some?+ too ( ! recollections ( *ildhood might float ab\t !m /ill2 !y might rega9 t old simplicity :i* _h be5 !irs 9 o!r days at _! fir/ entrance on life4 ,& al?\gh _! love ( "o ano!r 0 ev] pres5t to !m1 !y w\ld ackn[l$ge also a high] love ( duty & ( ,god1 :i* unit$ !m4 ,& _! happ9ess w\ld dep5d ^u _! pres]v+ 9 !m ?is pr9ciple--n los+ ! ideals ( ju/ice & hol9ess & tru?1 b r5ew+ !m at ! f\nta9 ( light4 ,:5 !y h atta9$ to ?is exalt$ /ate1 let !m m>ry 7some?+ too may be conc$$ to ! animal nature ( man73 or live toge!r 9 holy & innoc5t fri5d%ip4 ,! poet might describe 9 eloqu5t words ! nature ( su* a union2 h[ aft] _m /ruggles ! true love 0 f\nd3 h[ ! two pass$ _! lives toge!r 9 ! s]vice ( ,god & man2 h[ _! *>act]s 7 reflect$ ^u "o ano!r1 & seem$ to gr[ m l ye> by ye>2 h[ !y read 9 "o ano!r's eyes ! ?\ghts1 wi%es1 actions ( ! o!r2 h[ !y saw ea* o!r 9 ,god2 h[ 9 a figure !y grew w+s l doves1 & 7 'ready to fly away toge!r & be at re/4' ,& la/ly1 he might tell h[1 aft] a "t at no long int]vals1 fir/ "o & !n ! o!r fell asleep1 & 'appe>$ to ! unwise' to die1 b 7 reunit$ 9 ano!r /ate ( be+1 9 :i* !y saw ju/ice & hol9ess & tru?1 n accord+ to ! imp]fect copies ( !m :i* are f\nd 9 ?is _w1 b ju/ice absolute 9 exi/5ce absolute1 & s ( ! re/4 ,& !y w\ld hold conv]se n only ) ea* o!r1 b ) bless$ s\ls ev]y:]e2 & w\ld be employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( ,god1 e s\l fulfill+ 8 own nature & "*1 & w\ld see into ! wond]s ( e>? & heav51 & trace ! works ( creation to _! au?or4 ,s1 p>tly 9 je/ b also ') a c]ta9 degree ( s]i\sness1' we may appropriate to ourselves ! words ( ,plato4 ,! use ( su* a p>ody1 ?\gh v imp]fect1 is to transf] 8 ?\ghts to our sph]e ( religion & feel+1 to br+ him ne>] to u & u to him4 ,l ! ,scriptures1 ,plato admits ( endless applications1 if we all[ = ! diff]5ce ( times & mann]s2 & we lose ! bett] half ( him :5 we reg>d 8 ,dialogues m]ely z lit]>y compositions4 ,any anci5t "w :i* is wor? read+ has a practical & speculative z well z a lit]>y int]e/4 ,& 9 ,plato1 m ?an 9 any o!r ,greek writ]1 ! local & transitory is inextricably bl5d$ ) :at is spiritual & et]nal4 ,socrates is necess>ily ironical2 = he has to )draw f ! receiv$ op9ions & beliefs ( mank9d4 ,we _c sep>ate ! transitory f ! p]man5t2 nor c we translate ! language ( irony into t ( pla9 reflection & common s5se4 ,b we c imag9e ! m9d ( ,socrates 9 ano!r age & c\ntry2 & we c int]pret him by analogy ) ref]5ce to ! errors & prejudices :i* prevail among ourselves4 ,to return to ! ,pha$rus3-- ,bo? spee*es are /rongly condemn$ by ,socrates z s9ful & blasphem\s t[>ds ! god ,love1 & z wor?y only ( "s haunt ( sailors to :i* good mann]s 7 unkn[n4 ,! mean+ ( ?is & o!r wild language to ! same effect1 :i* is introduc$ by way ( contra/ to ! =mality ( ! two spee*es 7,socrates has a s5se ( relief :5 he has escap$ f ! trammels ( rhetoric71 seems to be t ! two spee*es proce$ ^u ! supposition t love is & ought to be int]e/$1 & t no su* ?+ z a real or dis9t]e/$ passion1 :i* w\ld be at ! same "t la/+1 c\ld be conceiv$4 ',b did ,i call ?is love8 ,o ,god1 =give my blasphemy4 ,?is is n love4 ,r x is ! love ( ! _w4 ,b !re is ano!r k+dom ( love1 a k+dom n ( ?is _w1 div9e1 et]nal4 ,& ?is o!r love ,i w n[ %[ y 9 a my/]y4' ,!n foll[s ! fam\s my?1 :i* is a sort ( p>able1 & l o!r p>ables ought n to receive too m9ute an int]pretation4 ,9 all su* allegories !re is a great deal :i* is m]ely ornam5tal1 & ! int]pret] has to sep>ate ! important f ! unimportant4 ,socrates himself has giv5 ! "r clue :51 9 us+ 8 own disc\rse aft]w>ds z ! text = 8 exam9ation ( rhetoric1 he *>act]izes x z a 'p>tly true & tol]ably cr$ible my?us1' 9 :i* amid poetical figures1 ord] & arrangem5t 7 n =gott54 ,! s\l is describ$ 9 magnific5t language z ! self-mov$ & ! s\rce ( motion 9 all o!r ?+s4 ,?is is ! philosophical !me or proem ( ! :ole4 ,b ideas mu/ be giv5 ?r\gh some?+1 & "u ! pretext t to realize ! true nature ( ! s\l w\ld be n only t$i\s b impossible1 we at once pass on to describe ! s\ls ( gods z well z m5 "u ! figure ( two w+$ /e$s & a *>iote]4 ,no connection is trac$ betwe5 ! s\l z ! great motive p[] & ! triple s\l :i* is ?us imag$4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 see+ t ! *>iote] repres5ts ! reason1 or t ! black horse is ! symbol ( ! s5sual or concupisc5t elem5t ( human nature4 ,! :ite horse also repres5ts rational impulse1 b ! description1 'a lov] ( hon\r & mode/y & temp]ance1 & a foll[] ( true glory1' ?\gh simil>1 does n at once recall ! '_s' 7?umos7 ( ! ,republic4 ,! two /e$s really correspond 9 a figure m ne>ly to ! appetitive & moral or semi-rational s\l ( ,ari/otle4 ,& ?us1 = ! fir/ "t p]haps 9 ! hi/ory ( philosophy1 we h repres5t$ to u ! ?reefold division ( psy*ology4 ,! image ( ! *>iote] & ! /e$s has be5 comp>$ ) a simil> image :i* occurs 9 ! v]ses ( ,p>m5ides2 b x is important to rem>k t ! horses ( ,p>m5ides h no allegorical mean+1 & t ! poet is only describ+ 8 own approa* 9 a *>iot to ! regions ( light & ! h\se ( ! goddess ( tru?4 ,! triple s\l has _h a previ\s exi/5ce1 9 :i* foll[+ 9 ! tra9 ( "s god1 f :om %e d]iv$ h] "*1 %e beheld p>tially & imp]fectly ! vision ( absolute tru?4 ,all h] aft] exi/5ce1 pass$ 9 _m =ms ( m5 & animals1 is sp5t 9 rega9+ ?is4 ,! /ages ( ! conflict are _m & v>i\s2 & %e is sorely let & h9d]$ by ! animal desires ( ! inf]ior or concupisc5t /e$4 ,aga9 & aga9 %e beholds ! fla%+ beauty ( ! belov$4 ,b be=e t vision c be f9ally enjoy$ ! animal desires mu/ be subject$4 ,! moral or spiritual elem5t 9 man is repres5t$ by ! immortal /e$ :i*1 l ?umos 9 ! ,republic1 always sides ) ! reason4 ,bo? are dragg$ out ( _! c\rse by ! furi\s impulses ( desire4 ,9 ! end some?+ is conc$$ to ! desires1 aft] !y h be5 f9ally humbl$ & ov]p[]$4 ,& yet ! way ( philosophy1 or p]fect love ( ! unse51 is total ab/95ce f bodily delights4 ',b all m5 _c receive ?is say+'3 9 ! l[] life ( ambition !y may be tak5 (f _! gu>d & /oop to folly unaw>es1 & !n1 al?\gh !y d n atta9 to ! highe/ bliss1 yet if !y h once conqu]$ !y may be happy en\gh4 ,! language ( ! ,m5o & ! ,pha$o z well z ( ! ,pha$rus seems to %[ t at "o "t ( 8 life ,plato 0 q s]i\s 9 ma9ta9+ a =m] /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,8 mission 0 to realize ! ab/ract2 9 t1 all good & tru?1 all ! hopes ( ?is & ano!r life seem$ to c5tre4 ,to him ab/ractions1 z we call !m1 7 ano!r k9d ( k--an inn] & unse5 _w1 :i* seem$ to exi/ f> m truly ?an ! fleet+ objects ( s5se :i* 7 )\t him4 ,:5 we are once able to imag9e ! int5se p[] :i* ab/ract ideas ex]cis$ ov] ! m9d ( ,plato1 we see t !re 0 no m difficulty to him 9 realiz+ ! et]nal exi/5ce ( !m & ( ! human m9ds :i* 7 associat$ ) !m1 9 ! pa/ & future ?an 9 ! pres5t4 ,! difficulty 0 n h[ !y c\ld exi/1 b h[ !y c\ld fail to exi/4 ,9 ! attempt to rega9 ?is 'sav+' k ( ! ideas1 ! s5se 0 f\nd to be z great an enemy z ! desires2 & h5ce two ?+s :i* to u seem q di/9ct are inextricably bl5d$ 9 ! repres5tation ( ,plato4 ,?us f> we may believe t ,plato 0 s]i\s 9 8 conception ( ! s\l z a motive p[]1 9 8 rem9isc5ce ( a =m] /ate ( be+1 9 8 elevation ( ! reason ov] s5se & passion1 & p]haps 9 8 doctr9e ( transmigration4 ,0 he equally s]i\s 9 ! re/8 ,= example1 are we to attribute 8 trip>tite division ( ! s\l to ! gods8 ,or is ?is m]ely assign$ to !m by way ( p>allelism ) m58 ,! latt] is ! m probable2 = ! horses ( ! gods are bo? :ite1 i4e4 _! e impulse is 9 h>mony ) reason2 _! dualism1 on ! o!r h&1 only c>ries out ! figure ( ! *>iot4 ,is he s]i\s1 aga91 9 reg>d+ love z 'a madness'8 ,t seems to arise out ( ! anti!sis to ! =m] conception ( love4 ,at ! same "t he appe>s to intimate "h1 z 9 ! ,ion1 ,apology1 ,m5o1 & else:]e1 t !re is a faculty 9 man1 :e!r to be t]m$ 9 mod]n language g5ius1 or inspiration1 or imag9ation1 or idealism1 or communion ) ,god1 :i* _c be r$uc$ to rule & measure4 ,p]haps1 too1 he is ironically repeat+ ! common language ( mank9d ab\t philosophy1 & is turn+ _! je/ into a sort ( e>ne/4 7,comp>e ,pha$o1 ,symp47 ,or is he s]i\s 9 hold+ t ea* s\l be>s ! "* ( a god8 ,he may h _h no o!r acc\nt to give ( ! diff]5ces ( human *>act]s to :i* he aft]w>ds ref]s4 ,or1 aga91 9 8 absurd d]ivation ( mantike & oioni/ike & im]os 7comp>e ,cratylus78 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ! irony ( ,socrates to mix up s5se & nons5se 9 su* a way t no exact l9e c be drawn betwe5 !m4 ,& allegory helps to increase ?is sort ( confusion4 ,z is (t5 ! case 9 ! p>ables & prophecies ( ,scripture1 ! mean+ is all[$ to break ?r\gh ! figure1 & ! details are n always consi/5t4 ,:5 ! *>iote]s & _! /e$s /& ^u ! dome ( heav5 !y behold ! intangible invisible ess5ces :i* are n objects ( sight4 ,?is is because ! =ce ( language c no fur!r g4 ,nor c we dwell mu* on ! circum/ance1 t at ! completion ( t5 ?\s& ye>s all are to return to ! place f :5ce !y came2 because he repres5ts _! return z dep5d5t on _! own good conduct 9 ! successive /ages ( exi/5ce4 ,nor aga9 c we attribute any?+ to ! accid5tal inf]5ce :i* w\ld also foll[1 t ev5 a tyrant may live righte\sly 9 ! condition ( life to :i* fate has call$ him 7'he aibl9s might1 ,i d9na k5'74 ,b to suppose ?is w\ld be at v>iance ) ,plato himself & ) ,greek notions g5]ally4 ,he is mu* m s]i\s 9 di/+ui%+ m5 f animals by _! recognition ( ! univ]sal :i* !y h kn[n 9 a =m] /ate1 & 9 d5y+ t ?is gift ( reason c ev] be oblit]at$ or lo/4 ,9 ! language ( "s mod]n !ologians he might be said to ma9ta9 ! 'f9al p]sev]ance' ( ^? :o h ent]$ on _! pilgrim's progress4 ,o!r intimations ( a 'metaphysic' or '!ology' ( ! future may also be disc]n$ 9 him3 7#a7 ,! mod]ate pr$e/9>ianism :i* "h1 z 9 ! ,republic1 ackn[l$ges ! elem5t ( *ance 9 human life1 & yet ass]ts ! fre$om & responsibility ( man2 7#b7 ,! recognition ( a moral z well z an intellectual pr9ciple 9 man "u ! image ( an immortal /e$2 7#c7 ,! notion t ! div9e nature exi/s by ! contemplation ( ideas ( virtue & ju/ice--or1 9 o!r words1 ! ass]tion ( ! ess5tially moral nature ( ,god2 7#d7 ,aga91 !re is ! h9t t human life is a life ( aspiration only1 & t ! true ideal is n to be f\nd 9 art2 7#e7 ,!re occurs ! fir/ trace ( ! di/9ction betwe5 necess>y & cont+5t matt]2 7#f7 ,! conception ( ! s\l itself z ! motive p[] & reason ( ! univ]se4 ,! conception ( ! philosoph]1 or ! philosoph] & lov] 9 "o1 z a sort ( madman1 may be comp>$ ) ! ,republic & ,!aetetus1 9 bo? ( :i* ! philosoph] is reg>d$ z a /rang] & mon/] ^u ! e>?4 ,! :ole my?1 l ! o!r my?s ( ,plato1 describes 9 a figure ?+s :i* are beyond ! range ( human faculties1 or inaccessible to ! k ( ! age4 ,t philosophy %\ld be repres5t$ z ! inspiration ( love is a conception t has already become famili> to u 9 ! ,symposium1 & is ! expression p>tly ( ,plato's en?usiasm = ! idea1 & is also an indication ( ! real p[] ex]cis$ by ! passion ( fri5d%ip ov] ! m9d ( ! ,greek4 ,! ma/] 9 ! art ( love knew t !re 0 a my/]y 9 ^! feel+s & _! associations1 & especially 9 ! contra/ ( ! s5sible & p]man5t :i* is af=d$ by !m2 & he s\ght to expla9 ?is1 z he expla9$ univ]sal ideas1 by a ref]5ce to a =m] /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,! caprici\sness ( love is also d]iv$ by him f an atta*m5t to "s god 9 a =m] _w4 ,! s+ul> rem>k t ! belov$ is m affect$ ?an ! lov] at ! f9al consummation ( _! love1 seems likewise to h9t at a psy*ological tru?4 ,x is difficult to exhau/ ! mean+s ( a "w l ! ,pha$rus1 :i* indicates s mu* m ?an x expresses2 & is full ( inconsi/5cies & ambiguities :i* 7 n p]ceiv$ by ,plato himself4 ,= example1 :5 he is speak+ ( ! s\l does he mean ! human or ! div9e s\l8 & are !y bo? equally self-mov+ & con/ruct$ on ! same ?reefold pr9ciple8 ,we %\ld c]ta9ly be dispos$ to reply t ! self-motive is to be attribut$ to ,god only2 & on ! o!r h& t ! appetitive & passionate elem5ts h no place 9 ,8 nature4 ,s we %\ld inf] f ! reason ( ! ?+1 b !re is no indication 9 ,plato's own writ+s t ?is 0 8 mean+4 ,or1 aga91 :5 he expla9s ! diff]5t *>act]s ( m5 by ref]r+ !m back to ! nature ( ! ,god :om !y s]v$ 9 a =m] /ate ( exi/5ce1 we are incl9$ to ask :e!r he is s]i\s3 ,is he n r us+ a my?ological figure1 "h z else:]e1 to draw a veil ov] ?+s :i* are beyond ! limits ( mortal k8 ,once m1 9 speak+ ( beauty is he really ?9k+ ( "s ext]nal =m su* z might h be5 express$ 9 ! works ( ,phidias or ,praxiteles2 & n r ( an imag9>y beauty1 ( a sort :i* ext+ui%es r ?an /imulates vulg> love1--a heav5ly beauty l t :i* fla%$ f "t to "t be=e ! eyes ( ,dante or ,bunyan8 ,surely ! latt]4 ,b x w\ld be idle to reconcile all ! details ( ! passage3 x is a picture1 n a sy/em1 & a picture :i* is = ! great] "p an allegory1 & an allegory :i* all[s ! mean+ to come ?r\gh4 ,! image ( ! *>iote] & 8 /e$s is plac$ side by side ) ! absolute =ms ( ju/ice1 temp]ance1 & ! l1 :i* are ab/ract ideas only1 & :i* are se5 ) ! eye ( ! s\l 9 h] heav5ly j\rney4 ,! fir/ impression ( su* a passage1 9 :i* no attempt is made to sep>ate ! sub/ance f ! =m1 is f> tru] ?an an elaborate philosophical analysis4 ,x is too (t5 =gott5 t ! :ole ( ! second disc\rse ( ,socrates is only an allegory1 or figure ( spee*4 ,= ?is reason1 x is unnecess>y to enquire :e!r ! love ( :i* ,plato speaks is ! love ( m5 or ( wom54 ,x is really a g5]al idea :i* includes bo?1 & 9 :i* ! s5sual elem5t1 ?\gh n :olly eradicat$1 is r$uc$ to ord] & measure4 ,we mu/ n attribute a mean+ to e fanciful detail4 ,nor is !re any ne$ to call up revolt+ associations1 :i* z a matt] ( good ta/e %\ld be bani%$1 & :i* 7 f> en\gh away f ! m9d ( ,plato4 ,^! & simil> passages %\ld be int]pret$ by ! ,laws4 ,nor is !re any?+ 9 ! ,symposium1 or 9 ! ,*>mides1 9 reality inconsi/5t ) ! /]n] rule :i* ,plato lays d[n 9 ! ,laws4 ,at ! same "t x is n to be d5i$ t love & philosophy are describ$ by ,socrates 9 figures ( spee* :i* w\ld n be us$ 9 ,*ri/ian times2 or t nameless vices 7 preval5t at ,a!ns & 9 o!r ,greek cities2 or t fri5d%ips betwe5 m5 7 a m sacr$ tie1 & _h a m important social & educational influ5ce ?an among ourselves4 7,see note on ,symposium47 ,9 ! ,pha$rus1 z well z 9 ! ,symposium1 !re are two k9ds ( love1 a l[] & a high]1 ! "o answ]+ to ! natural wants ( ! animal1 ! o!r ris+ above !m & contemplat+ ) religi\s awe ! =ms ( ju/ice1 temp]ance1 hol9ess1 yet f9d+ !m also 'too dazzl+ bright = mortal eye1' & %r9k+ f !m 9 amazem5t4 ,! opposition betwe5 ^! two k9ds ( love may be comp>$ to ! opposition betwe5 ! fle% & ! _s 9 ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,x w\ld be unmean+ to suppose t ,plato1 9 describ+ ! spiritual combat1 9 :i* ! rational s\l is f9ally victor & ma/] ( bo? ! /e$s1 condesc5ds to all[ any indulg5ce ( unnatural lu/s4 ,two o!r ?\ghts ab\t love are sugge/$ by ?is passage4 ,fir/ ( all1 love is repres5t$ "h1 z 9 ! ,symposium1 z "o ( ! great p[]s ( nature1 :i* takes _m =ms & two pr9cipal ones1 hav+ a pr$om9ant influ5ce ov] ! lives ( m54 ,& ^! two1 ?\gh oppos$1 are n absolutely sep>at$ ! "o f ! o!r4 ,plato1 ) 8 great k ( human nature1 0 well aw>e h[ easily "o is trans=m$ into ! o!r1 or h[ soon ! noble b fleet+ aspiration may return into ! nature ( ! animal1 :ile ! l[] in/9ct :i* is lat5t always rema9s4 ,! int]m$iate s5tim5talism1 :i* has ex]cis$ s great an influ5ce on ! lit]ature ( mod]n ,europe1 _h no place 9 ! classical times ( ,hellas2 ! high] love1 ( :i* ,plato speaks1 is ! subject1 n ( poetry or fiction1 b ( philosophy4 ,secondly1 !re seems to be indicat$ a natural ye>n+ ( ! human m9d t ! great ideas ( ju/ice1 temp]ance1 wisdom1 %\ld be express$ 9 "s =m ( visible beauty1 l ! absolute purity & goodness :i* ,*ri/ian art has s\ght to realize 9 ! p]son ( ! ,madonna4 ,b al?\gh human nature has (t5 attempt$ to repres5t outw>dly :at c be only 'spiritually disc]n$1' m5 feel t 9 pictures & images1 :e!r pa9t$ or c>v$1 or describ$ 9 words only1 we h n ! sub/ance b ! %ad[ ( ! tru? :i* is 9 heav54 ,!re is no reason to suppose t 9 ! faire/ works ( ,greek art1 ,plato ev] conceiv$ himself to behold an image1 h[ev] fa9t1 ( ideal tru?s4 ',n 9 t way 0 wisdom se54' ,we may n[ pass on to ! second "p ( ! ,dialogue1 :i* is a criticism on ! fir/4 ,rhetoric is assail$ on v>i\s gr\nds3 fir/1 z desir+ to p]suade1 )\t a k ( ! tru?2 & secondly1 z ignor+ ! di/9ction betwe5 c]ta9 & probable matt]4 ,! ?ree spee*es are !n pass$ 9 review3 ! fir/ ( !m has no def9ition ( ! nature ( love1 & no ord] 9 ! topics 7be+ 9 ^! respects f> inf]ior to ! second72 :ile ! ?ird ( !m is f\nd 7?\gh a fancy ( ! h\r7 to be fram$ ^u real dialectical pr9ciples4 ,b dialectic is n rhetoric2 no?+ on t subject is to be f\nd 9 ! endless treatises ( rhetoric1 h[ev] prolific 9 h>d names4 ,:5 ,plato has suffici5tly put !m to ! te/ ( ridicule he t\*es1 z ) ! po9t ( a ne$le1 ! real error1 :i* is ! confusion ( prelim9>y k ) creative p[]4 ,no atta9m5ts w provide ! speak] ) g5ius2 & ! sort ( atta9m5ts :i* c alone be ( any value are ! high] philosophy & ! p[] ( psy*ological analysis1 :i* is giv5 by dialectic1 b n by ! rules ( ! rhetoricians4 ,9 ?is latt] portion ( ! ,dialogue !re are _m texts :i* may help u to speak & to ?9k4 ,! names dialectic & rhetoric are pass+ out ( use2 we h>dly exam9e s]i\sly into _! nature & limits1 & probably ! arts bo? ( speak+ & ( conv]sation h be5 unduly neglect$ by u4 ,b ! m9d ( ,socrates pi]ces ?r\gh ! diff]5ces ( times & c\ntries into ! ess5tial nature ( man2 & 8 words apply equally to ! mod]n _w & to ! ,a!nians ( old4 ,w\ld he n h ask$ ( u1 or r is he n ask+ ( u1 ,:e!r we h ceas$ to pref] appe>ances to reality8 ,let u take a survey ( ! pr(essions to :i* he ref]s & try !m by 8 /&>d4 ,is n all lit]ature pass+ into criticism1 j z ,a!nian lit]ature 9 ! age ( ,plato 0 deg5]at+ into sophi/ry & rhetoric8 ,we c disc\rse & write ab\t poems & pa9t+s1 b we seem to h lo/ ! gift ( creat+ !m4 ,c we wond] t few ( !m 'come sweetly f nature1' :ile t5 ?\s& review]s 7mala murioi7 are engag$ 9 dissect+ !m8 ,"y m51 l ,pha$rus1 are enam\r$ ( _! own lit]>y clique & h b a feeble sympa?y ) ! ma/]-m9ds ( =m] ages4 ,!y recognize 'a ,,poetical necessity 9 ! writ+s ( _! fav\rite au?or1 ev5 :5 he boldly wrote (f j :at came 9 8 head4' ,!y are beg9n+ to ?9k t ,art is en\gh1 j at ! "t :5 ,art is ab\t to disappe> f ! _w4 ,& w\ld n a great pa9t]1 su* z ,mi*ael ,angelo1 or a great poet1 su* z ,%akespe>e1 return+ to e>?1 'c\rte\sly rebuke' u--w\ld he n say t we are putt+ '9 ! place ( ,art ! prelim9>ies ( ,art1' confus+ ,art ! expression ( m9d & tru? ) ,art ! composition ( col\rs & =ms2 & p]haps he might m sev]ely *a/ise "s ( u = try+ to inv5t 'a new %udd]' in/ead ( br++ to ! bir? liv+ & heal?y creations8 ,^! he w\ld reg>d z ! signs ( an age want+ 9 orig9al p[]4 ,turn+ f lit]ature & ! arts to law & politics1 aga9 we fall "u ! la% ( ,socrates4 ,= d we n (t5 make '! worse appe> ! bett] cause2' & d n 'bo? p>ties sometimes agree to tell lies'8 ,is n plead+ 'an art ( speak+ unconnect$ ) ! tru?'8 ,!re is ano!r text ( ,socrates :i* mu/ n be =gott5 9 relation to ?is subject4 ,9 ! endless maze ( ,engli% law is !re any 'divid+ ! :ole into p>ts or reunit+ ! p>ts into a :ole'--any semblance ( an organiz$ be+ 'hav+ h&s & feet & o!r memb]s'8 ,in/ead ( a sy/em !re is ! ,*aos ( ,anaxagoras 7om\ panta *remata7 & no ,m9d or ,ord]4 ,!n aga9 9 ! noble art ( politics1 :o ?9ks ( fir/ pr9ciples & ( true ideas8 ,we av[$ly foll[ n ! tru? b ! w ( ! _m 7comp>e ,republic74 ,is n legislation too a sort ( lit]>y ef=t1 & might n /atesman%ip be describ$ z ! 'art ( en*ant+' ! h\se8 ,:ile !re are "s politicians :o h no k ( ! tru?1 b only ( :at is likely to be approv$ by '! _m :o sit 9 judgm5t1' !re are o!rs :o c give no =m to _! ideal1 nei!r hav+ le>n$ '! art ( p]suasion1' nor hav+ any insight into ! '*>act]s ( m54' ,once m1 has n m$ical sci5ce become a pr(essional r\t9e1 :i* _m 'practise )\t be+ able to say :o 7 _! in/ructors'--! application ( a few drugs tak5 f a book in/ead ( a life-long /udy ( ! natures & con/itutions ( human be+s8 ,d we see z cle>ly z ,hippocrates 't ! nature ( ! body c only be und]/ood z a :ole'8 7,comp>e ,*>m47 ,& are n !y held to be ! wise/ physicians :o h ! greate/ di/ru/ ( _! art8 ,:at w\ld ,socrates ?9k ( our newspap]s1 ( our !ology8 ,p]haps he w\ld be afraid to speak ( !m2--! "o vox populi1 ! o!r vox ,dei1 he might hesitate to attack !m2 or he might trace a fanciful connexion betwe5 !m1 & ask d\btfully1 :e!r !y are n equally inspir$8 ,he w\ld rem>k t we are always se>*+ = a belief & deplor+ our unbelief1 seem+ to pref] popul> op9ions unv]ifi$ & contradictory to unpopul> tru?s :i* are assur$ to u by ! mo/ c]ta9 pro(s3 t our prea*]s are 9 ! habit ( prais+ ,god ')\t reg>d to tru? & falsehood1 attribut+ to ,him e species ( greatness & glory1 say+ t ,he is all ?is & ! cause ( all t1 9 ord] t we may exhibit ,him z ! faire/ & be/ ( all' 7,symp47 )\t any consid]ation ( ,8 real nature & "* or ( ! laws by :i* ,he gov]ns ! _w--seek+ = a 'private judgm5t' & n = ! tru? or ',god's judgm5t4' ,:at w\ld he say ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* we praise 9 l mann]1 'mean+ ourselves1' )\t reg>d to hi/ory or exp]i5ce8 ,might he n ask1 :e!r we 'c>e m = ! tru? ( religion1 or = ! speak] & ! c\ntry f :i* ! tru? comes'8 or1 :e!r ! 'select wise' are n '! _m' aft] all8 7,symp47 ,s we may fill up ! sket* ( ,socrates1 le/1 z ,pha$rus says1 ! argum5t %\ld be too 'ab/ract & b>r5 ( illu/rations4' 7,comp>e ,symp41 ,apol41 ,eu?yphro47 ,he next proce$s ) en?usiasm to def9e ! royal art ( dialectic z ! p[] ( divid+ a :ole into p>ts1 & ( unit+ ! p>ts 9 a :ole1 & :i* may also be reg>d$ 7comp>e ,soph47 z ! process ( ! m9d talk+ ) h]self4 ,! latt] view has probably l$ ,plato to ! p>adox t spee* is sup]ior to writ+1 9 :i* he may seem also to be do+ an inju/ice to himself4 ,= ! two _c be fairly comp>$ 9 ! mann] :i* ,plato sugge/s4 ,! contra/ ( ! liv+ & dead ^w1 & ! example ( ,socrates1 :i* he has repres5t$ 9 ! =m ( ! ,dialogue1 seem to h misl$ him4 ,= spee* & writ+ h really diff]5t functions2 ! "o is m transitory1 m diffuse1 m ela/ic & capable ( adaptation to moods & times2 ! o!r is m p]man5t1 m conc5trat$1 & is utt]$ n to ?is or t p]son or audi5ce1 b to all ! _w4 ,9 ! ,politicus ! p>adox is c>ri$ fur!r2 ! m9d or w ( ! k+ is pref]r$ to ! writt5 law2 he is suppos$ to be ! ,law p]sonifi$1 ! ideal made ,life4 ,yet 9 bo? ^! /atem5ts !re is also conta9$ a tru?2 !y may be comp>$ ) "o ano!r1 & also ) ! o!r fam\s p>adox1 t 'k _c be taught4' ,socrates means to say1 t :at is truly writt5 is writt5 9 ! s\l1 j z :at is truly taught gr[s up 9 ! s\l f )9 & is n =c$ ^u x f )\t4 ,:5 plant$ 9 a cong5ial soil ! little se$ becomes a tree1 & '! birds ( ! air build _! ne/s 9 ! bran*es4' ,!re is an e*o ( ?is 9 ! pray] at ! end ( ! ,dialogue1 ',give me beauty 9 ! inw>d s\l1 & may ! inw>d & outw>d man be at "o4' ,we may fur!r comp>e ! words ( ,/4 ,paul1 ',writt5 n on tables ( /one1 b on fle%ly tables ( ! he>t2' & aga91 ',ye are my epi/les kn[n & read ( all m54' ,!re may be a use 9 writ+ z a pres]vative aga9/ ! =getfulness ( old age1 b to live is high] f>1 to be ourselves ! book1 or ! epi/le1 ! tru? embodi$ 9 a p]son1 ! ,^w made fle%4 ,some?+ l ?is we may believe to h pass$ be=e ,plato's m9d :5 he affirm$ t spee* 0 sup]ior to writ+4 ,s 9 o!r ages1 we>y ( lit]ature & criticism1 ( mak+ _m books1 ( writ+ articles 9 reviews1 "s h desir$ to live m closely 9 communion ) _! fell[-m51 to speak he>t to he>t1 to speak & act only1 & n to write1 foll[+ ! example ( ,socrates & ( ,*ri/444 ,"s o!r t\*es ( inimitable grace & art & ( ! deepe/ wisdom may be also not$2 su* z ! pray] or 'collect' :i* has j be5 cit$1 ',give me beauty1' etc42 or '! great "n :i* belongs to ,god alone2' or '! say+ ( wis] m5 ?an ourselves t a man ( s5se %\ld try to please n 8 fell[-s]vants1 b 8 good & noble ma/]s1' l ,/4 ,paul aga92 or ! description ( ! 'heav5ly orig9als'444 ,! *ief crit]ia = det]m9+ ! date ( ! ,dialogue are 7#a7 ! ages ( ,lysias & ,isocrates2 7#b7 ! "* ( ! "w4 ,lysias 0 born 9 ! ye> #deh2 ,isocrates 9 ! ye> #dcf1 ab\t sev5 ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,plato4 ,! fir/ ( ! two great rhetoricians is describ$ z 9 ! z5i? ( 8 fame2 ! second is /ill "y & full ( promise4 ,n[ x is argu$ t ?is mu/ h be5 writt5 9 ! y\? ( ,isocrates1 :5 ! promise 0 n yet fulfill$4 ,& ?us we %\ld h to assign ! ,dialogue to a ye> n lat] ?an #djf1 :5 ,isocrates 0 ?irty & ,plato tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age1 & :ile ,socrates himself 0 /ill alive4 ,^? :o argue 9 ?is way seem n to reflect h[ easily ,plato c 'inv5t ,egyptians or any?+ else1' & h[ c>eless he is ( hi/orical tru? or probability4 ,:o w\ld suspect t ! wise ,critias1 ! virtu\s ,*>mides1 _h end$ _! lives among ! ?irty tyrants8 ,:o w\ld imag9e t ,lysias1 :o is "h assail$ by ,socrates1 is ! son ( 8 old fri5d ,cephalus8 ,or t ,isocrates himself is ! enemy ( ,plato & 8 s*ool8 ,no argum5ts c be drawn f ! appropriat5ess or inappropriat5ess ( ! *>act]s ( ,plato4 7,else1 p]haps1 x might be fur!r argu$ t1 judg+ f _! extant rema9s1 insipid rhetoric is f> m *>act]i/ic ( ,isocrates ?an ( ,lysias47 ,b ,plato makes use ( names :i* h (t5 h>dly any connection ) ! hi/orical *>act]s to :om !y belong4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! comp>ative fav\r %[n to ,isocrates may possibly be acc\nt$ = by ! circum/ance ( 8 belong+ to ! ari/ocratical1 z ,lysias to ! democratical p>ty4 ,few p]sons w be incl9$ to suppose1 9 ! sup]ficial mann] ( "s anci5t critics1 t a dialogue :i* treats ( love mu/ necess>ily h be5 writt5 9 y\?4 ,z little weight c be atta*$ to ! argum5t t ,plato mu/ h visit$ ,egypt be=e he wrote ! /ory ( ,!u? & ,?amus4 ,= !re is no real pro( t he ev] w5t to ,egypt2 & ev5 if he did1 he might h kn[n or inv5t$ ,egyptian traditions be=e he w5t !re4 ,! late date ( ! ,pha$rus w h to be e/abli%$ by o!r argum5ts ?an ^!3 ! maturity ( ! ?\ght1 ! p]fection ( ! /yle1 ! insight1 ! relation to ! o!r ,platonic ,dialogues1 seem to contradict ! notion t x c\ld h be5 ! "w ( a y\? ( tw5ty or tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age4 ,! cosmological notion ( ! m9d z ! primum mobile1 & ! admission ( impulse into ! immortal nature1 also af=d gr\nds = assign+ a lat] date4 7,comp>e ,tim41 ,soph41 ,laws47 ,add to ?is t ! picture ( ,socrates1 ?\gh 9 "s less] p>ticul>s1--e4g4 8 go+ )\t s&als1 8 habit ( rema9+ )9 ! walls1 8 emphatic decl>ation t 8 /udy is human nature1--an exact resemblance1 is 9 ! ma9 ! ,platonic & n ! real ,socrates4 ,c we suppose '! "y man to h told su* lies' ab\t 8 ma/] :ile he 0 /ill alive8 ,moreov]1 :5 two ,dialogues are s closely connect$ z ! ,pha$rus & ,symposium1 !re is great improbability 9 suppos+ t "o ( !m 0 writt5 at lea/ tw5ty ye>s aft] ! o!r4 ,! conclusion seems to be1 t ! ,dialogue 0 writt5 at "s comp>atively late b unkn[n p]iod ( ,plato's life1 aft] he _h des]t$ ! purely ,socratic po9t ( view1 b be=e he _h ent]$ on ! m ab/ract speculations ( ! ,sophi/ or ! ,philebus4 ,tak+ into acc\nt ! divisions ( ! s\l1 ! doctr9e ( transmigration1 ! contemplative nature ( ! philosophic life1 & ! "* ( ! /yle1 we %all n be f> wrong 9 plac+ ! ,pha$rus 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,republic2 rem>k+ only t all[ance mu/ be made = ! poetical elem5t 9 ! ,pha$rus1 :i*1 :ile fall+ %ort ( ! ,republic 9 def9ite philosophic results1 seems to h glimpses ( a tru? beyond4 ,two %ort passages1 :i* are unconnect$ ) ! ma9 subject ( ! ,dialogue1 may seem to m]it a m p>ticul> notice3 7#a7 ! locus classicus ab\t my?ology2 7#b7 ! tale ( ! gras%opp]s4 ,! fir/ passage is rem>kable z %[+ t ,plato 0 entirely free f :at may be t]m$ ! ,euhem]ism ( 8 age4 ,= !re 7 ,euhem]i/s 9 ,hellas long be=e ,euhem]us4 ,e>ly philosoph]s1 l ,anaxagoras & ,metrodorus1 _h f\nd 9 ,hom] & my?ology hidd5 mean+s4 ,plato1 ) a tru] in/9ct1 rejects ^! attractive int]pretations2 he reg>ds ! inv5tor ( !m z 'un=tunate2' & !y draw a man (f f ! k ( himself4 ,!re is a lat5t criticism1 & also a poetical s5se 9 ,plato1 :i* enable him to disc>d !m1 & yet 9 ano!r way to make use ( poetry & my?ology z a vehicle ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,:at w\ld he h said ( ! discov]y ( ,*ri/ian doctr9es 9 ^! old ,greek leg5ds8 ,:ile ackn[l$g+ t su* int]pretations are 'v nice1' w\ld he n h rem>k$ t !y are f\nd 9 all sacr$ lit]atures8 ,!y _c be te/$ by any crit]ion ( tru?1 or us$ to e/abli% any tru?2 !y add no?+ to ! sum ( human k2 !y are--:at we please1 & if employ$ z 'peacemak]s' betwe5 ! new & old are liable to s]i\s miscon/ruction1 z he else:]e rem>ks 7,republic74 ,& !re=e he w\ld h 'bid ,f>ewell to !m2 ! /udy ( !m w\ld take up too mu* ( 8 "t2 & he has n z yet le>n$ ! true nature ( religion4' ,! 'sophi/ical' int]e/ ( ,pha$rus1 ! little t\* ab\t ! two v]sions ( ! /ory1 ! ironical mann] 9 :i* ^! explanations are set aside--'! common op9ion ab\t !m is en\gh = me'--! allusion to ! s]p5t ,typho may be not$ 9 pass+2 also ! g5]al agreem5t betwe5 ! tone ( ?is spee* & ! rem>k ( ,socrates :i* foll[s aft]w>ds1 ',i am a div9]1 b a poor "o4' ,! tale ( ! gras%opp]s is naturally sugge/$ by ! surr\nd+ sc5e4 ,!y are also ! repres5tatives ( ! ,a!nians z *ildr5 ( ! soil4 ,"u ! image ( ! lively *irrup+ gras%opp]s :o in=m ! ,muses 9 heav5 ab\t ^? :o hon\r !m on e>?1 ,plato int5ds to repres5t an ,a!nian audi5ce 7tettigess9 eoikotes74 ,! /ory is introduc$1 app>5tly1 to m>k a *ange ( subject1 & also1 l sev]al o!r allusions :i* occur 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,dialogue1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! sc5e 9 ! recollection ( ! read]4 9999999999 ,no "o c duly appreciate ! dialogues ( ,plato1 especially ! ,pha$rus1 ,symposium1 & portions ( ! ,republic1 :o has n a sympa?y ) my/icism4 ,to ! un9itiat$1 z he w\ld himself h ackn[l$g$1 !y w appe> to be ! dreams ( a poet :o is disguis$ z a philosoph]4 ,!re is a tw(old difficulty 9 appreh5d+ ?is aspect ( ! ,platonic writ+s4 ,fir/1 we d n imm$iately realize t "u ! m>ble ext]ior ( ,greek lit]ature 0 conceal$ a s\l ?rill+ ) spiritual emotion4 ,secondly1 ! =ms or figures :i* ! ,platonic philosophy assumes1 are n l ! images ( ! prophet ,isaiah1 or ( ! ,apocalypse1 famili> to u 9 ! days ( our y\?4 ,by my/icism we mean1 n ! extravagance ( an err+ fancy1 b ! conc5tration ( reason 9 feel+1 ! en?usia/ic love ( ! good1 ! true1 ! "o1 ! s5se ( ! inf9ity ( k & ( ! m>vel ( ! human faculties4 ,:5 fe$+ ^u su* ?\ghts ! 'w+ ( ! s\l' is r5ew$ & ga9s /r5g?2 %e is rais$ above '! manik9s ( e>?' & _! op9ions1 wait+ 9 wond] to "k1 & work+ ) rev]5ce to f9d out :at ,god 9 ?is or 9 ano!r life may reveal to h]4 ,,on ,,! ,,decl9e ,,( ,,greek ,,lit]ature4 ,"o ( ! ma9 purposes ( ,plato 9 ! ,pha$rus is to satirize ,rhetoric1 or r ! ,pr(essors ( ,rhetoric :o sw>m$ at ,a!ns 9 ! f\r? c5tury be=e ,*ri/4 ,z 9 ! op5+ ( ! ,dialogue he ridicules ! int]pret]s ( my?ology2 z 9 ! ,protagoras he mocks at ! ,sophi/s2 z 9 ! ,eu?ydemus he makes fun ( ! ^w-splitt+ ,eri/ics2 z 9 ! ,cratylus he ridicules ! fancies ( ,etymolog]s2 z 9 ! ,m5o & ,gorgias & "s o!r dialogues he makes reflections & ca/s sly imputation ^u ! high] classes at ,a!ns2 s 9 ! ,pha$rus1 *iefly 9 ! latt] "p1 he aims 8 %afts at ! rhetoricians4 ,! pr(ession ( rhetoric 0 ! greate/ & mo/ popul> 9 ,a!ns1 necess>y 'to a man's salvation1' or at any rate to 8 atta9m5t ( weal? or p[]2 b ,plato f9ds no?+ :olesome or g5u9e 9 ! purpose ( x4 ,x is a v]itable '%am1' hav+ no relation to fact1 or to tru? ( any k9d4 ,x is antipa!tic to him n only z a philosoph]1 b also z a great writ]4 ,he _c abide ! tricks ( ! rhetoricians1 or ! p$antries & mann]isms :i* !y introduce into spee* & writ+4 ,he sees cle>ly h[ f> remov$ !y are f ! ways ( simplicity & tru?1 & h[ ignorant ( ! v elem5ts ( ! art :i* !y are pr(ess+ to tea*4 ,! ?+ :i* is mo/ necess>y ( all1 ! k ( human nature1 is h>dly if at all consid]$ by !m4 ,! true rules ( composition1 :i* are v few1 are n to be f\nd 9 _! volum9\s sy/ems4 ,_! pret5ti\sness1 _! omnisci5ce1 _! l>ge =tunes1 _! impati5ce ( argum5t1 _! indiff]5ce to fir/ pr9ciples1 _! /upidity1 _! progresses ?r\gh ,hellas accompani$ by a troop ( _! disciples--^! ?+s 7 v di/a/eful to ,plato1 :o e/eem$ g5ius f> above art1 & 0 q s5sible ( ! int]val :i* sep>at$ !m 7,pha$rus74 ,x is ! int]val :i* sep>ates ,sophi/s & rhetoricians f anci5t fam\s m5 & wom5 su* z ,hom] & ,hesiod1 ,anacreon & ,sappho1 ,aes*ylus & ,sophocles2 & ! ,platonic ,socrates is afraid t1 if he approves ! =m]1 he w be dis[n$ by ! latt]4 ,! _s ( rhetoric 0 soon to ov]spread all ,hellas2 & ,plato ) prophetic insight may h se51 f af>1 ! great lit]>y wa/e or dead level1 or int]m9able m>%1 9 :i* ,greek lit]ature 0 soon to disappe>4 ,a simil> vision ( ! decl9e ( ! ,greek drama & ( ! contra/ ( ! old lit]ature & ! new 0 pres5t to ! m9d ( ,ari/ophanes aft] ! dea? ( ! ?ree great trag$ians 7,frogs74 ,aft] ab\t a hundr$1 or at mo/ two hundr$ ye>s if we exclude ,hom]1 ! g5ius ( ,hellas _h ceas$ to fl[] or blossom4 ,! dre>y wa/e :i* foll[s1 beg9n+ ) ! ,alex&rian writ]s & ev5 be=e !m 9 ! platitudes ( ,isocrates & 8 s*ool1 spreads ov] mu* m ?an a ?\s& ye>s4 ,& f ?is decl9e ! ,greek language & lit]ature1 unlike ! ,lat91 :i* has come to life 9 new =ms & be5 develop$ into ! great ,european languages1 nev] recov]$4 ,?is monotony ( lit]ature1 )\t m]it1 )\t g5ius & )\t "*1 is a ph5om5on :i* des]ves m att5tion ?an x has hi!rto receiv$2 x is a ph5om5on unique 9 ! lit]>y hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,h[ c\ld !re h be5 s mu* cultivation1 s mu* dilig5ce 9 writ+1 & s little m9d or real creative p[]8 ,:y did a ?\s& ye>s inv5t no?+ bett] ?an ,sibyll9e books1 ,orphic poems1 ,byzant9e imitations ( classical hi/ories1 ,*ri/ian reproductions ( ,greek plays1 novels l ! silly & obsc5e romances ( ,longus & ,heliodorus1 innum]able =g$ epi/les1 a great _m epigrams1 biographies ( ! meane/ & mo/ meagre description1 a %am philosophy :i* 0 ! ba/>d prog5y ( ! union betwe5 ,hellas & ! ,ea/8 ,only 9 ,plut>*1 9 ,lucian1 9 ,long9us1 9 ! ,roman emp]ors ,m>cus ,aurelius & ,julian1 9 "s ( ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs are !re any traces ( good s5se or orig9ality1 or any p[] ( ar\s+ ! int]e/ ( lat] ages4 ,& :5 new books ceas$ to be writt51 :y did ho/s ( gramm>ians & int]pret]s flock 91 :o nev] atta9 to any s\nd notion ei!r ( gramm> or int]pretation8 ,:y did ! physical sci5ces nev] arrive at any true k or make any real progress8 ,:y did poetry droop & langui%8 ,:y did hi/ory deg5]ate into fable8 ,:y did words lose _! p[] ( expression8 ,:y 7 ages ( ext]nal greatness & magnific5ce att5d$ by all ! signs ( decay 9 ! human m9d :i* are possible8 ,to ^! que/ions _m answ]s may be giv51 :i* if n ! true causes1 are at lea/ to be reckon$ among ! symptoms ( ! decl9e4 ,!re is ! want ( me?od 9 physical sci5ce1 ! want ( criticism 9 hi/ory1 ! want ( simplicity or delicacy 9 poetry1 ! want ( political fre$om1 :i* is ! true atmosph]e ( public speak+1 9 oratory4 ,! ways ( life 7 luxuri\s & commonplace4 ,philosophy _h become extravagant1 eclectic1 ab/ract1 devoid ( any real cont5t4 ,at l5g? x ceas$ to exi/4 ,x _h spread words l pla/] ov] ! :ole field ( k4 ,x _h gr[n ascetic on "o side1 my/ical on ! o!r4 ,nei!r ( ^! t5d5cies 0 fav\rable to lit]ature4 ,!re 0 no s5se ( beauty ei!r 9 language or 9 art4 ,! ,greek _w became vacant1 b>b>ic1 ori5tal4 ,no "o _h any?+ new to say1 or any conviction ( tru?4 ,! age _h no remembrance ( ! pa/1 no p[] ( und]/&+ :at o!r ages ?\ght & felt4 ,! ,ca?olic fai? _h deg5]at$ into dogma & controv]sy4 ,= m ?an a ?\s& ye>s n a s+le writ] ( fir/-rate1 or ev5 ( second-rate1 reputation has a place 9 ! innum]able rolls ( ,greek lit]ature4 ,if we seek to g deep]1 we c /ill only describe ! outw>d nature ( ! cl\ds or d>kness :i* 7 spread ov] ! heav5s dur+ s _m ages )\t relief or light4 ,we may say t ?is1 l sev]al o!r long p]iods 9 ! hi/ory ( ! human race1 0 de/itute1 or depriv$ ( ! moral qualities :i* are ! root ( lit]>y excell5ce4 ,x _h no life or aspiration1 no national or political =ce1 no desire = consi/5cy1 no love ( k = its own sake4 ,x did n attempt to pi]ce ! mi/s :i* surr\nd$ x4 ,x did n propose to itself to g =w>d & scale ! heights ( k1 b to g backw>ds & seek at ! beg9n+ :at c only be f\nd t[>ds ! end4 ,x 0 lo/ 9 d\bt & ignorance4 ,x re/$ ^u tradition & au?ority4 ,x _h none ( ! high] play ( fancy :i* creates poetry2 & :]e !re is no true poetry1 nei!r c !re be any good prose4 ,x _h no great *>act]s1 & !re=e x _h no great writ]s4 ,x 0 incapable ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 words & ?+s4 ,x 0 s hopelessly bel[ ! anci5t /&>d ( classical ,greek art & lit]ature t x _h no p[] ( und]/&+ or ( valu+ !m4 ,x is d\btful :e!r any ,greek au?or 0 ju/ly appreciat$ 9 antiquity except by 8 own contempor>ies2 & ?is neglect ( ! great au?ors ( ! pa/ l$ to ! disappe>ance ( ! l>g] "p ( !m1 :ile ! ,greek fa!rs 7 mo/ly pres]v$4 ,!re is no reason to suppose t1 9 ! c5tury be=e ! tak+ ( ,con/ant9ople1 mu* m 0 9 exi/5ce ?an ! s*ol>s ( ! ,r5aissance c>ri$ away ) !m to ,italy4 ,! "* ( ,greek lit]ature sank l[] z "t w5t on4 ,x consi/$ m & m ( compilations1 ( s*olia1 ( extracts1 ( comm5t>ies1 =g]ies1 imitations4 ,! comm5tator or int]pret] _h no conception ( 8 au?or z a :ole1 & v little ( ! context ( any passage :i* he 0 expla9+4 ,! lea/ ?+s 7 pref]r$ by him to ! greate/4 ,! "q ( a read+1 or a grammatical =m1 or an acc5t1 or ! uses ( a ^w1 took ! place ( ! aim or subject ( ! book4 ,he _h no s5se ( ! beauties ( an au?or1 & v little light is ?r[n by him on real difficulties4 ,he int]prets pa/ ages by 8 own4 ,! greate/ classical writ]s are ! lea/ appreciat$ by him4 ,?is seems to be ! reason :y s _m ( !m h p]i%$1 :y ! lyric poets h almo/ :olly disappe>$2 :y1 out ( ! eighty or n9ety trag$ies ( ,aes*ylus & ,sophocles1 only sev5 ( ea* _h be5 pres]v$4 ,su* an age ( sciolism & s*ola/icism may possibly once m get ! bett] ( ! lit]>y _w4 ,!re are ^? :o prophesy t ! signs ( su* a day are aga9 appe>+ among u1 & t at ! end ( ! pres5t c5tury no writ] ( ! fir/ class w be /ill alive4 ,!y ?9k t ! ,muse ( ,lit]ature may transf] h]self to o!r c\ntries less dri$ up or worn out ?an our own4 ,!y seem to see ! )]+ effect ( criticism on orig9al g5ius4 ,no "o c d\bt t su* a decay or decl9e ( lit]ature & ( art s]i\sly affects ! mann]s & "* ( a nation4 ,x takes away half ! joys & ref9em5ts ( life2 x increases its dulness & grossness4 ,h5ce x becomes a matt] ( great int]e/ to consid] h[1 if at all1 su* a deg5]acy may be av]t$4 ,is !re any elixir :i* c re/ore life & y\? to ! lit]ature ( a nation1 or at any rate :i* c prev5t x becom+ unmann$ & enfeebl$8 ,fir/ !re is ! progress ( education4 ,x is possible1 & ev5 probable1 t ! ext5sion ( ! means ( k ov] a wid] area & to p]sons liv+ "u new conditions may lead to _m new comb9ations ( ?\ght & language4 ,b1 z yet1 exp]i5ce does n fav\r ! realization ( su* a hope or promise4 ,x may be truly answ]$ t at pres5t ! tra9+ ( tea*]s & ! me?ods ( education are v imp]fect1 & !re=e t we _c judge ( ! future by ! pres5t4 ,:5 m ( our y\? are tra9$ 9 ! be/ lit]atures1 & 9 ! be/ p>ts ( !m1 _! m9ds may be expect$ to h a l>g] gr[?4 ,!y w h m int]e/s1 m ?\ghts1 m mat]ial = conv]sation2 !y w h a high] /&>d & beg9 to ?9k = !mselves4 ,! numb] ( p]sons :o w h ! opportunity ( receiv+ ! highe/ education ?r\gh ! *eap press1 & by ! help ( high s*ools & colleges1 may increase t5fold4 ,x is likely t 9 e ?\s& p]sons !re is at lea/ "o :o is f> above ! av]age 9 natural capacity1 b ! se$ :i* is 9 him dies = want ( cultivation4 ,x has nev] _h any /imulus to gr[1 or any field 9 :i* to blossom & produce fruit4 ,"h is a great res]voir or treasure-h\se ( human intellig5ce out ( :i* new wat]s may fl[ & cov] ! e>?4 ,if at any "t ! great m5 ( ! _w %\ld die out1 & orig9ality or g5ius appe> to suff] a p>tial eclipse1 !re is a b\ndless hope 9 ! multitude ( intellig5ces = future g5]ations4 ,!y may br+ gifts to m5 su* z ! _w has nev] receiv$ be=e4 ,!y may beg9 at a high] po9t & yet take ) !m all ! results ( ! pa/4 ,! co-op]ation ( _m may h effects n less /rik+1 ?\gh diff]5t 9 "* f ^? :i* ! creative g5ius ( a s+le man1 su* z ,bacon or ,newton1 =m]ly produc$4 ,!re is also great hope to be d]iv$1 n m]ely f ! ext5sion ( education ov] a wid] area1 b f ! cont9uance ( x dur+ _m g5]ations4 ,educat$ p>5ts w h *ildr5 fit to receive education2 & ^! aga9 w gr[ up "u circum/ances f> m fav\rable to ! gr[? ( intellig5ce ?an any :i* h hi!rto exi/$ 9 our own or 9 =m] ages4 ,ev5 if we 7 to suppose no m m5 ( g5ius to be produc$1 ! great writ]s ( anci5t or ( mod]n times w rema9 to furni% abundant mat]ials ( education to ! com+ g5]ation4 ,n[ t e nation holds communication ) e o!r1 we may truly say 9 a full] s5se ?an =m]ly t '! ?\ghts ( m5 are wid5$ ) ! process ( ! suns4' ,!y w n be 'cribb$1 cab9$1 & conf9$' )9 a prov9ce or an isl&4 ,! ,ea/ w provide elem5ts ( culture to ! ,we/ z well z ! ,we/ to ! ,ea/4 ,! religions & lit]atures ( ! _w w be op5 books1 :i* he :o wills may read4 ,! human race may n be always gr\nd d[n by bodily toil1 b may h great] leisure = ! improvem5t ( ! m9d4 ,! increas+ s5se ( ! greatness & inf9ity ( nature w t5d to awak5 9 m5 l>g] & m lib]al ?\ghts4 ,! love ( mank9d may be ! s\rce ( a great] developm5t ( lit]ature ?an nationality has ev] be54 ,!re may be a great] fre$om f prejudice & p>ty2 we may bett] und]/& ! :]eab\ts ( tru?1 & !re=e !re may be m success & few] failures 9 ! se>* = x4 ,la/ly1 9 ! com+ ages we %all c>ry ) u ! recollection ( ! pa/1 9 :i* are necess>ily conta9$ _m se$s ( revival & r5aissance 9 ! future4 ,s f> is ! _w f becom+ exhau/$1 s gr\ndless is ! fe> t lit]ature w ev] die out4 ,,pha$rus ,,p]sons ,,( ,,! ,,dialogue3 ,socrates1 ,pha$rus4 ,,sc5e3 ,"u a plane-tree1 by ! banks ( ! ,ilissus4 ,,socrates3 ,my de> ,pha$rus1 :5ce come y1 & :i!r are y go+8 ,,pha$rus3 ,i come f ,lysias ! son ( ,cephalus1 & ,i am go+ to take a walk outside ! wall1 = ,i h be5 sitt+ ) him ! :ole morn+2 & our common fri5d ,acum5us tells me t x is mu* m refre%+ to walk 9 ! op5 air ?an to be %ut up 9 a cloi/]4 ,,socrates3 ,!re he is "r4 ,lysias !n1 ,i suppose1 0 9 ! t[n8 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 he 0 /ay+ ) ,epicrates1 "h at ! h\se ( ,mory*us2 t h\se :i* is ne> ! temple ( ,olympian ,zeus4 ,,socrates3 ,& h[ did he ent]ta9 y8 ,c ,i be wrong 9 suppos+ t ,lysias gave y a fea/ ( disc\rse8 ,,pha$rus3 ,y %all he>1 if y c sp>e "t to accompany me4 ,,socrates3 ,& %\ld ,i n deem ! conv]sation ( y & ,lysias 'a ?+ ( high] import1' z ,i may say 9 ! words ( ,p9d>1 '?an any bus9ess'8 ,,pha$rus3 ,w y g on8 ,,socrates3 ,& w y g on ) ! n>ration8 ,,pha$rus3 ,my tale1 ,socrates1 is "o ( y\r sort1 = love 0 ! !me :i* occupi$ u--love aft] a fa%ion3 ,lysias has be5 writ+ ab\t a fair y\? :o 0 be+ tempt$1 b n by a lov]2 & ?is 0 ! po9t3 he +5i\sly prov$ t ! non-lov] %\ld be accept$ r ?an ! lov]4 ,,socrates3 ,o t is noble ( him6 ,i wi% t he w\ld say ! poor man r ?an ! ri*1 & ! old man r ?an ! "y "o2--!n he w\ld meet ! case ( me & ( _m a man2 8 words w\ld be q refre%+1 & he w\ld be a public b5efactor4 ,= my "p1 ,i d s long to he> 8 spee*1 t if y walk all ! way to ,meg>a1 & :5 y h rea*$ ! wall come back1 z ,h]odicus recomm5ds1 )\t go+ 91 ,i w keep y company4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at d y mean1 my good ,socrates8 ,h[ c y imag9e t my unpractis$ memory c d ju/ice to an elaborate "w1 :i* ! greate/ rhetorician ( ! age sp5t a long "t 9 compos+4 ,inde$1 ,i _c2 ,i w\ld give a great deal if ,i c\ld4 ,,socrates3 ,i believe t ,i "k ,pha$rus ab\t z well z ,i "k myself1 & ,i am v sure t ! spee* ( ,lysias 0 repeat$ to him1 n once only1 b aga9 & aga92--he insi/$ on he>+ x _m times ov] & ,lysias 0 v will+ to gratify him2 at la/1 :5 no?+ else w\ld d1 he got hold ( ! book1 & look$ at :at he mo/ want$ to see1--?is occupi$ him dur+ ! :ole morn+2--& !n :5 he 0 tir$ ) sitt+1 he w5t out to take a walk1 n until1 by ! dog1 z ,i believe1 he _h simply le>n$ by he>t ! entire disc\rse1 unless x 0 unusually long1 & he w5t to a place outside ! wall t he might practise 8 lesson4 ,!re he saw a c]ta9 lov] ( disc\rse :o _h a simil> weakness2--he saw & rejoic$2 n[ ?\ght he1 ',i %all h a p>tn] 9 my revels4' ,& he invit$ him to come & walk ) him4 ,b :5 ! lov] ( disc\rse begg$ t he w\ld repeat ! tale1 he gave himself airs & said1 ',no ,i _c1' z if he 7 indispos$2 al?\gh1 if ! he>] _h refus$1 he w\ld soon] or lat] h be5 compell$ by him to li/5 :e!r he w\ld or no4 ,!re=e1 ,pha$rus1 bid him d at once :at he w soon d :e!r bidd5 or n4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i see t y w n let me (f until ,i speak 9 "s fa%ion or o!r2 v]ily !re=e my be/ plan is to speak z ,i be/ c4 ,,socrates3 ,a v true rem>k1 t ( y\rs4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i w d z ,i say2 b believe me1 ,socrates1 ,i did n le>n ! v words--,o no2 nev]!less ,i h a g5]al notion ( :at he said1 & w give y a summ>y ( ! po9ts 9 :i* ! lov] diff]$ f ! non-lov]4 ,let me beg9 at ! beg9n+4 ,,socrates3 ,yes1 my sweet "o2 b y mu/ fir/ ( all %[ :at y h 9 y\r left h& "u y\r cloak1 = t roll1 z ,i suspect1 is ! actual disc\rse4 ,n[1 mu* z ,i love y1 ,i w\ld n h y suppose t ,i am go+ to h y\r memory ex]cis$ at my exp5se1 if y h ,lysias himself "h4 ,,pha$rus3 ,en\gh2 ,i see t ,i h no hope ( practis+ my art ^u y4 ,b if ,i am to read1 :]e w\ld y please to sit8 ,,socrates3 ,let u turn aside & g by ! ,ilissus2 we w sit d[n at "s quiet spot4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i am =tunate 9 n hav+ my s&als1 & z y nev] h any1 ,i ?9k t we may g along ! brook & cool our feet 9 ! wat]2 ?is w be ! easie/ way1 & at midday & 9 ! summ] is f> f be+ unpleasant4 ,,socrates3 ,lead on1 & look out = a place 9 :i* we c sit d[n4 ,,pha$rus3 ,d y see ! talle/ plane-tree 9 ! di/ance8 ,,socrates3 ,yes4 ,,pha$rus3 ,!re are %ade & g5tle breezes1 & grass on :i* we may ei!r sit or lie d[n4 ,,socrates3 ,move =w>d4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i %\ld l to "k1 ,socrates1 :e!r ! place is n some:]e "h at :i* ,boreas is said to h c>ri$ (f ,ori?yia f ! banks ( ! ,ilissus8 ,,socrates3 ,su* is ! tradition4 ,,pha$rus3 ,& is ?is ! exact spot8 ,! little /ream is delightfully cle> & bright2 ,i c fancy t !re might be maid5s play+ ne>4 ,,socrates3 ,i believe t ! spot is n exactly "h1 b ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile l[] d[n1 :]e y cross to ! temple ( ,artemis1 & !re is1 ,i ?9k1 "s sort ( an alt> ( ,boreas at ! place4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i h nev] notic$ x2 b ,i besee* y to tell me1 ,socrates1 d y believe ?is tale8 ,,socrates3 ,! wise are d\btful1 & ,i %\ld n be s+ul> if1 l !m1 ,i too d\bt$4 ,i might h a rational explanation t ,ori?yia 0 play+ ) ,ph>macia1 :5 a nor!rn gu/ c>ri$ h] ov] ! neighb\r+ rocks2 & ?is be+ ! mann] ( h] dea?1 %e 0 said to h be5 c>ri$ away by ,boreas4 ,!re is a discrepancy1 h[ev]1 ab\t ! locality2 accord+ to ano!r v]sion ( ! /ory %e 0 tak5 f ,areopagus1 & n f ?is place4 ,n[ ,i q ackn[l$ge t ^! allegories are v nice1 b he is n to be envi$ :o has to inv5t !m2 mu* lab\r & +5uity w be requir$ ( him2 & :5 he has once begun1 he mu/ g on & rehabilitate ,hippoc5taurs & *im]as dire4 ,gorgons & w+$ /e$s fl[ 9 apace1 & numb]less o!r inconceivable & port5t\s natures4 ,& if he is sceptical ab\t !m1 & w\ld fa9 r$uce !m "o aft] ano!r to ! rules ( probability1 ?is sort ( crude philosophy w take up a great deal ( "t4 ,n[ ,i h no leisure = su* enquiries2 %all ,i tell y :y8 ,i mu/ fir/ "k myself1 z ! ,delphian inscription says2 to be curi\s ab\t t :i* is n my conc]n1 :ile ,i am /ill 9 ignorance ( my own self1 w\ld be ridicul\s4 ,& !re=e ,i bid f>ewell to all ?is2 ! common op9ion is en\gh = me4 ,=1 z ,i 0 say+1 ,i want to "k n ab\t ?is1 b ab\t myself3 am ,i a mon/] m complicat$ & swoll5 ) passion ?an ! s]p5t ,typho1 or a creature ( a g5tl] & simpl] sort1 to :om ,nature has giv5 a div9] & l[li] de/9y8 ,b let me ask y1 fri5d3 h we n rea*$ ! plane-tree to :i* y 7 conduct+ u8 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 ?is is ! tree4 ,,socrates3 ,by ,"h1 a fair re/+-place1 full ( summ] s\nds & sc5ts4 ,"h is ?is l(ty & spread+ plane-tree1 & ! agnus ca/us high & clu/]+1 9 ! fulle/ blossom & ! greate/ fragrance2 & ! /ream :i* fl[s b5ea? ! plane-tree is delici\sly cold to ! feet4 ,judg+ f ! ornam5ts & images1 ?is mu/ be a spot sacr$ to ,a*el\s & ! ,nymphs4 ,h[ delightful is ! breeze3--s v sweet2 & !re is a s\nd 9 ! air %rill & summ]like :i* makes answ] to ! *orus ( ! cicadae4 ,b ! greate/ *>m ( all is ! grass1 l a pill[ g5tly slop+ to ! head4 ,my de> ,pha$rus1 y h be5 an admirable guide4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at an incompreh5sible be+ y are1 ,socrates3 :5 y are 9 ! c\ntry1 z y say1 y really are l "s /rang] :o is l$ ab\t by a guide4 ,d y ev] cross ! bord]8 ,i r ?9k t y nev] v5ture ev5 outside ! gates4 ,,socrates3 ,v true1 my good fri5d2 & ,i hope t y w excuse me :5 y he> ! reason1 :i* is1 t ,i am a lov] ( k1 & ! m5 :o dwell 9 ! city are my tea*]s1 & n ! trees or ! c\ntry4 ,?\gh ,i d inde$ believe t y h f\nd a spell ) :i* to draw me out ( ! city into ! c\ntry1 l a hungry c[ be=e :om a b\gh or a bun* ( fruit is wav$4 ,= only hold up be=e me 9 l mann] a book1 & y may lead me all r\nd ,attica1 & ov] ! wide _w4 ,& n[ hav+ arriv$1 ,i int5d to lie d[n1 & d y *oose any po/ure 9 :i* y c read be/4 ,beg94 ,,pha$rus3 ,li/54 ,y "k h[ matt]s /& ) me2 & h[1 z ,i conceive1 ?is affair may be arrang$ = ! advantage ( bo? ( u4 ,& ,i ma9ta9 t ,i ought n to fail 9 my suit1 because ,i am n y\r lov]3 = lov]s rep5t ( ! k9dnesses :i* !y h %[n :5 _! passion ceases1 b to ! non-lov]s :o are free & n "u any compulsion1 no "t ( rep5tance ev] comes2 = !y conf] _! b5efits accord+ to ! measure ( _! ability1 9 ! way :i* is mo/ conducive to _! own int]e/4 ,!n aga91 lov]s consid] h[ by reason ( _! love !y h neglect$ _! own conc]ns & r5d]$ s]vice to o!rs3 & :5 to ^! b5efits conf]r$ !y add on ! tr\bles :i* !y h endur$1 !y ?9k t !y h long ago made to ! belov$ a v ample return4 ,b ! non-lov] has no su* torm5t+ recollections2 he has nev] neglect$ 8 affairs or qu>rell$ ) 8 relations2 he has no tr\bles to add up or excuses to inv5t2 & be+ well rid ( all ^! evils1 :y %\ld he n freely d :at w gratify ! belov$8 ,if y say t ! lov] is m to be e/eem$1 because 8 love is ?\ght to be great]2 = he is will+ to say & d :at is hateful to o!r m51 9 ord] to please 8 belov$2--t1 if true1 is only a pro( t he w pref] any future love to 8 pres5t1 & w injure 8 old love at ! pleasure ( ! new4 ,& h[1 9 a matt] ( su* inf9ite importance1 c a man be "r 9 tru/+ himself to "o :o is afflict$ ) a malady :i* no exp]i5c$ p]son w\ld attempt to cure1 = ! pati5t himself admits t he is n 9 8 "r m9d1 & ackn[l$ges t he is wrong 9 8 m9d1 b says t he is unable to control himself8 ,& if he came to 8 "r m9d1 w\ld he ev] imag9e t ! desires 7 good :i* he conceiv$ :5 9 8 wrong m9d8 ,once m1 !re are _m m non-lov]s ?an lov]s2 & if y *oose ! be/ ( ! lov]s1 y w n h _m to *oose f2 b if f ! non-lov]s1 ! *oice w be l>g]1 & y w be f> m likely to f9d among !m a p]son :o is wor?y ( y\r fri5d%ip4 ,if public op9ion be y\r dread1 & y w\ld avoid reproa*1 9 all probability ! lov]1 :o is always ?9k+ t o!r m5 are z emul\s ( him z he is ( !m1 w boa/ to "s "o ( 8 successes1 & make a %[ ( !m op5ly 9 ! pride ( 8 he>t2--he wants o!rs to "k t 8 lab\r has n be5 lo/2 b ! non-lov] is m 8 own ma/]1 & is desir\s ( solid good1 & n ( ! op9ion ( mank9d4 ,aga91 ! lov] may be g5]ally not$ or se5 foll[+ ! belov$ 7?is is 8 regul> occupation71 & :5ev] !y are obs]v$ to ex*ange two words !y are suppos$ to meet ab\t "s affair ( love ei!r pa/ or 9 contemplation2 b :5 non-lov]s meet1 no "o asks ! reason :y1 because p "k t talk+ to ano!r is natural1 :e!r fri5d%ip or m]e pleasure be ! motive4 ,once m1 if y fe> ! fickl5ess ( fri5d%ip1 consid] t 9 any o!r case a qu>rel might be a mutual calamity2 b n[1 :5 y h giv5 up :at is mo/ preci\s to y1 y w be ! great] los]1 & !re=e1 y w h m reason 9 be+ afraid ( ! lov]1 = 8 vexations are _m1 & he is always fancy+ t e "o is leagu$ aga9/ him4 ,:]e=e also he deb>s 8 belov$ f society2 he w n h y intimate ) ! weal?y1 le/ !y %\ld exce$ him 9 weal?1 or ) m5 ( education1 le/ !y %\ld be 8 sup]iors 9 und]/&+2 & he is equally afraid ( anybody's influ5ce :o has any o!r advantage ov] himself4 ,if he c p]suade y to break ) !m1 y are left )\t a fri5d 9 ! _w2 or if1 out ( a reg>d to y\r own int]e/1 y h m s5se ?an to comply ) 8 desire1 y w h to qu>rel ) him4 ,b ^? :o are non-lov]s1 & ^: success 9 love is ! rew>d ( _! m]it1 w n be jeal\s ( ! companions ( _! belov$1 & w r hate ^? :o refuse to be 8 associates1 ?9k+ t _! fav\rite is slight$ by ! latt] & b5efit$ by ! =m]2 = m love ?an hatr$ may be expect$ to come to him out ( 8 fri5d%ip ) o!rs4 ,_m lov]s too h lov$ ! p]son ( a y\? be=e !y knew 8 "* or 8 belong+s2 s t :5 _! passion has pass$ away1 !re is no kn[+ :e!r !y w cont9ue to be 8 fri5ds2 :]eas1 9 ! case ( non-lov]s :o 7 always fri5ds1 ! fri5d%ip is n less5$ by ! fav\rs grant$2 b ! recollection ( ^! rema9s ) !m1 & is an e>ne/ ( good ?+s to come4 ,fur!r1 ,i say t y are likely to be improv$ by me1 :]eas ! lov] w spoil y4 ,= !y praise y\r words & actions 9 a wrong way2 p>tly1 because !y are afraid ( (f5d+ y1 & also1 _! judgm5t is weak5$ by passion4 ,su* are ! feats :i* love exhibits2 he makes ?+s pa9ful to ! disappo9t$ :i* give no pa9 to o!rs2 he compels ! successful lov] to praise :at ought n to give him pleasure1 & !re=e ! belov$ is to be piti$ r ?an envi$4 ,b if y li/5 to me1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i1 9 my int]c\rse ) y1 %all n m]ely reg>d pres5t enjoym5t1 b also future advantage1 be+ n ma/]$ by love1 b my own ma/]2 nor = small causes tak+ viol5t dislikes1 b ev5 :5 ! cause is great1 sl[ly lay+ up little wra?--un9t5tional (f5ces ,i %all =give1 & int5tional ones ,i %all try to prev5t2 & ^! are ! m>ks ( a fri5d%ip :i* w la/4 ,d y ?9k t a lov] only c be a firm fri5d8 reflect3--if ?is 7 true1 we %\ld set small value on sons1 or fa!rs1 or mo!rs2 nor %\ld we ev] h loyal fri5ds1 = our love ( !m arises n f passion1 b f o!r associations4 ,fur!r1 if we ought to %[] fav\rs on ^? :o are ! mo/ eag] suitors1--on t pr9ciple1 we ought always to d good1 n to ! mo/ virtu\s1 b to ! mo/ ne$y2 = !y are ! p]sons :o w be mo/ reliev$1 & w !re=e be ! mo/ grateful2 & :5 y make a fea/ y %\ld invite n y\r fri5d1 b ! begg> & ! empty s\l2 = !y w love y1 & att5d y1 & come ab\t y\r doors1 & w be ! be/ pleas$1 & ! mo/ grateful1 & w invoke _m a bless+ on y\r head4 ,yet surely y ought n to be grant+ fav\rs to ^? :o besiege y ) pray]1 b to ^? :o are be/ able to rew>d y2 nor to ! lov] only1 b to ^? :o are wor?y ( love2 nor to ^? :o w enjoy ! bloom ( y\r y\?1 b to ^? :o w %>e _! possessions ) y 9 age2 nor to ^? :o1 hav+ succe$$1 w glory 9 _! success to o!rs1 b to ^? :o w be mode/ & tell no tales2 nor to ^? :o c>e ab\t y = a mom5t only1 b to ^? :o w cont9ue y\r fri5ds ?r\gh life2 nor to ^? :o1 :5 _! passion is ov]1 w pick a qu>rel ) y1 b r to ^? :o1 :5 ! *>m ( y\? has left y1 w %[ _! own virtue4 ,rememb] :at ,i h said2 & consid] yet ?is fur!r po9t3 fri5ds admoni% ! lov] "u ! idea t 8 way ( life is bad1 b no "o ( 8 k9dr$ ev] yet c5sur$ ! non-lov]1 or ?\ght t he 0 ill-advis$ ab\t 8 own int]e/s4 ',p]haps y w ask me :e!r ,i propose t y %\ld indulge e non-lov]4 ,to :i* ,i reply t n ev5 ! lov] w\ld advise y to indulge all lov]s1 = ! indiscrim9ate fav\r is less e/eem$ by ! rational recipi5t1 & less easily hidd5 by him :o w\ld escape ! c5sure ( ! _w4 ,n[ love ought to be = ! advantage ( bo? p>ties1 & = ! injury ( nei!r4 ',i believe t ,i h said en\gh2 b if !re is any?+ m :i* y desire or :i* 9 y\r op9ion ne$s to be suppli$1 ask & ,i w answ]4' ,n[1 ,socrates1 :at d y ?9k8 ,is n ! disc\rse excell5t1 m especially 9 ! matt] ( ! language8 ,,socrates3 ,yes1 q admirable2 ! effect on me 0 ravi%+4 ,& ?is ,i owe to y1 ,pha$rus1 = ,i obs]v$ y :ile read+ to be 9 an ec/asy1 & ?9k+ t y are m exp]i5c$ 9 ^! matt]s ?an ,i am1 ,i foll[$ y\r example1 &1 l y1 my div9e d>l+1 ,i became inspir$ ) a phr5zy4 ,,pha$rus3 ,inde$1 y are pleas$ to be m]ry4 ,,socrates3 ,d y mean t ,i am n 9 e>ne/8 ,,pha$rus3 ,n[ don't talk 9 t way1 ,socrates1 b let me h y\r real op9ion2 ,i adjure y1 by ,zeus1 ! god ( fri5d%ip1 to tell me :e!r y ?9k t any ,hell5e c\ld h said m or spok5 bett] on ! same subject4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 b are y & ,i expect$ to praise ! s5tim5ts ( ! au?or1 or only ! cle>ness1 & r\ndness1 & f9i%1 & t\rnure ( ! language8 ,z to ! fir/ ,i will+ly submit to y\r bett] judgm5t1 = ,i am n wor?y to =m an op9ion1 hav+ only att5d$ to ! rhetorical mann]2 & ,i 0 d\bt+ :e!r ?is c\ld h be5 def5d$ ev5 by ,lysias himself2 ,i ?\ght1 ?\gh ,i speak "u correction1 t he repeat$ himself two or ?ree times1 ei!r f want ( words or f want ( pa9s2 & also1 he appe>$ to me o/5tati\sly to exult 9 %[+ h[ well he c\ld say ! same ?+ 9 two or ?ree ways4 ,,pha$rus3 ,nons5se1 ,socrates2 :at y call repetition 0 ! especial m]it ( ! spee*2 = he omitt$ no topic ( :i* ! subject rightly all[$1 & ,i d n ?9k t any "o c\ld h spok5 bett] or m exhau/ively4 ,,socrates3 ,!re ,i _c g along ) y4 ,anci5t sages1 m5 & wom51 :o h spok5 & writt5 ( ^! ?+s1 w\ld rise up 9 judgm5t aga9/ me1 if out ( complaisance ,i ass5t$ to y4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:o are !y1 & :]e did y he> any?+ bett] ?an ?is8 ,,socrates3 ,i am sure t ,i mu/ h he>d2 b at ?is mom5t ,i d n rememb] f :om2 p]haps f ,sappho ! fair1 or ,anacreon ! wise2 or1 possibly1 f a prose writ]4 ,:y d ,i say s8 ,:y1 because ,i p]ceive t my bosom is full1 & t ,i c\ld make ano!r spee* z good z t ( ,lysias1 & diff]5t4 ,n[ ,i am c]ta9 t ?is is n an inv5tion ( my own1 :o am well aw>e t ,i "k no?+1 & !re=e ,i c only inf] t ,i h be5 fill$ ?r\gh ! e>s1 l a pit*]1 f ! wat]s ( ano!r1 ?\gh ,i h actually =gott5 9 my /upidity :o 0 my in=mant4 ,,pha$rus3 ,t is gr&3--b nev] m9d :]e y he>d ! disc\rse or f :om2 let t be a my/]y n to be divulg$ ev5 at my e>ne/ desire4 ,only1 z y say1 promise to make ano!r & bett] oration1 equal 9 l5g? & entirely new1 on ! same subject2 & ,i1 l ! n9e ,ar*ons1 w promise to set up a gold5 image at ,delphi1 n only ( myself1 b ( y1 & z l>ge z life4 ,,socrates3 ,y are a de> gold5 ass if y suppose me to mean t ,lysias has altoge!r miss$ ! m>k1 & t ,i c make a spee* f :i* all 8 argum5ts are to be exclud$4 ,! wor/ ( au?ors w say some?+ :i* is to ! po9t4 ,:o1 = example1 c\ld speak on ?is !sis ( y\rs )\t prais+ ! discretion ( ! non-lov] & blam+ ! indiscretion ( ! lov]8 ,^! are ! commonplaces ( ! subject :i* mu/ come 9 7= :at else is !re to be said87 & mu/ be all[$ & excus$2 ! only m]it is 9 ! arrangem5t ( !m1 = !re c be none 9 ! inv5tion2 b :5 y leave ! commonplaces1 !n !re may be "s orig9ality4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i admit t !re is reason 9 :at y say1 & ,i too w be reasonable1 & w all[ y to />t ) ! premiss t ! lov] is m disord]$ 9 8 wits ?an ! non-lov]2 if 9 :at rema9s y make a long] & bett] spee* ?an ,lysias1 & use o!r argum5ts1 !n ,i say aga91 t a /atue y %all h ( beat5 gold1 & take y\r place by ! colossal (f]+s ( ! ,cypselids at ,olympia4 ,,socrates3 ,h[ pr(\ndly 9 e>ne/ is ! lov]1 because to tease him ,i lay a f+] ^u 8 love6 ,& s1 ,pha$rus1 y really imag9e t ,i am go+ to improve ^u ! +5uity ( ,lysias8 ,,pha$rus3 ,!re ,i h y z y _h me1 & y mu/ j speak 'z y be/ c4' ,d n let u ex*ange 'tu quoque' z 9 a f>ce1 or compel me to say to y z y said to me1 ',i "k ,socrates z well z ,i "k myself1 & he 0 want+ to speak1 b he gave himself airs4' ,r ,i w\ld h y consid] t f ?is place we /ir n until y h unbosom$ y\rself ( ! spee*2 = "h are we all alone1 & ,i am /rong]1 rememb]1 & y\ng] ?an y3--,:]e=e p]p5d1 & d n compel me to use viol5ce4 ,,socrates3 ,b1 my sweet ,pha$rus1 h[ ridicul\s x w\ld be ( me to compete ) ,lysias 9 an extempore spee*6 ,he is a ma/] 9 8 art & ,i am an untaught man4 ,,pha$rus3 ,y see h[ matt]s /&2 & !re=e let !re be no m pret5ces2 =1 inde$1 ,i "k ! ^w t is irresi/ible4 ,,socrates3 ,!n don't say x4 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 b ,i w2 & my ^w %all be an oa?4 ',i say1 or r swe>'--b :at god w be witness ( my oa?8--',by ?is plane-tree ,i swe>1 t unless y repeat ! disc\rse "h 9 ! face ( ?is v plane-tree1 ,i w nev] tell y ano!r2 nev] let y h ^w ( ano!r6' ,,socrates3 ,villa96 ,i am conqu]$2 ! poor lov] ( disc\rse has no m to say4 ,,pha$rus3 ,!n :y are y /ill at y\r tricks8 ,,socrates3 ,i am n go+ to play tricks n[ t y h tak5 ! oa?1 = ,i _c all[ myself to be />v$4 ,,pha$rus3 ,proce$4 ,,socrates3 ,%all ,i tell y :at ,i w d8 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at8 ,,socrates3 ,i w veil my face & gallop ?r\gh ! disc\rse z fa/ z ,i c1 = if ,i see y ,i %all feel a%am$ & n "k :at to say4 ,,pha$rus3 ,only g on & y may d any?+ else :i* y please4 ,,socrates3 ,come1 ,o ye ,muses1 melodi\s1 z ye are call$1 :e!r y h receiv$ ?is "n f ! "* ( y\r /ra9s1 or because ! ,melians are a musical race1 help1 ,o help me 9 ! tale :i* my good fri5d "h desires me to rehe>se1 9 ord] t 8 fri5d :om he always deem$ wise may seem to him to be wis] ?an ev]4 ,once ^u a "t !re 0 a fair boy1 or1 m prop]ly speak+1 a y\?2 he 0 v fair & _h a great _m lov]s2 & !re 0 "o special cunn+ "o1 :o _h p]suad$ ! y\? t he did n love him1 b he really lov$ him all ! same2 & "o day :5 he 0 pay+ 8 addresses to him1 he us$ ?is v argum5t--t he ought to accept ! non-lov] r ?an ! lov]2 8 words 7 z foll[s3-- ',all good c\nsel beg9s 9 ! same way2 a man %\ld "k :at he is advis+ ab\t1 or 8 c\nsel w all come to n\ght4 ,b p imag9e t !y "k ab\t ! nature ( ?+s1 :5 !y don't "k ab\t !m1 &1 n hav+ come to an und]/&+ at fir/ because !y ?9k t !y "k1 !y end1 z might be expect$1 9 contradict+ "o ano!r & !mselves4 ,n[ y & ,i mu/ n be guilty ( ?is fundam5tal error :i* we condemn 9 o!rs2 b z our "q is :e!r ! lov] or non-lov] is to be pref]r$1 let u fir/ ( all agree 9 def9+ ! nature & p[] ( love1 & !n1 keep+ our eyes ^u ! def9ition & to ?is appeal+1 let u fur!r enquire :e!r love br+s advantage or disadvantage4 ',e "o sees t love is a desire1 & we "k also t non-lov]s desire ! beautiful & good4 ,n[ 9 :at way is ! lov] to be di/+ui%$ f ! non-lov]8 ,let u note t 9 e "o ( u !re are two guid+ & rul+ pr9ciples :i* lead u :i!r !y w2 "o is ! natural desire ( pleasure1 ! o!r is an acquir$ op9ion :i* aspires aft] ! be/2 & ^! two are sometimes 9 h>mony & !n aga9 at w>1 & sometimes ! "o1 sometimes ! o!r conqu]s4 ,:5 op9ion by ! help ( reason leads u to ! be/1 ! conqu]+ pr9ciple is call$ temp]ance2 b :5 desire1 :i* is devoid ( reason1 rules 9 u & drags u to pleasure1 t p[] ( misrule is call$ excess4 ,n[ excess has _m names1 & _m memb]s1 & _m =ms1 & any ( ^! =ms :5 v m>k$ gives a "n1 nei!r hon\rable nor cr$itable1 to ! be>] ( ! "n4 ,! desire ( eat+1 = example1 :i* gets ! bett] ( ! high] reason & ! o!r desires1 is call$ gluttony1 & he :o is possess$ by x is call$ a glutton2 ! tyrannical desire ( dr9k1 :i* incl9es ! possessor ( ! desire to dr9k1 has a "n :i* is only too obvi\s1 & !re c be z little d\bt by :at "n any o!r appetite ( ! same family w\ld be call$2--x w be ! "n ( t :i* happ5s to be dom9ant4 ,& n[ ,i ?9k t y w p]ceive ! drift ( my disc\rse2 b z e spok5 ^w is 9 a mann] pla9] ?an ! unspok51 ,i _h bett] say fur!r t ! irrational desire :i* ov]comes ! t5d5cy ( op9ion t[>ds "r1 & is l$ away to ! enjoym5t ( beauty1 & especially ( p]sonal beauty1 by ! desires :i* are h] own k9dr$--t supreme desire1 ,i say1 :i* by lead+ conqu]s & by ! =ce ( passion is re9=c$1 f ?is v =ce1 receiv+ a "n1 is call$ love 7errom5os eros74' ,& n[1 de> ,pha$rus1 ,i %all pause = an in/ant to ask :e!r y d n ?9k me1 z ,i appe> to myself1 inspir$8 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 ,socrates1 y seem to h a v unusual fl[ ( words4 ,,socrates3 ,li/5 to me1 !n1 9 sil5ce2 = surely ! place is holy2 s t y mu/ n wond]1 if1 z ,i proce$1 ,i appe> to be 9 a div9e fury1 = already ,i am gett+ into di?yrambics4 ,,pha$rus3 ,no?+ c be tru]4 ,,socrates3 ,! responsibility re/s ) y4 ,b he> :at foll[s1 & p]haps ! fit may be av]t$2 all is 9 _! h&s above4 ,i w g on talk+ to my y\?4 ,li/53-- ,?us1 my fri5d1 we h decl>$ & def9$ ! nature ( ! subject4 ,keep+ ! def9ition 9 view1 let u n[ enquire :at advantage or disadvantage is likely to ensue f ! lov] or ! non-lov] to him :o accepts _! advances4 ,he :o is ! victim ( 8 passions & ! slave ( pleasure w ( c\rse desire to make 8 belov$ z agreeable to himself z possible4 ,n[ to him :o has a m9d diseas$ any?+ is agreeable :i* is n oppos$ to him1 b t :i* is equal or sup]ior is hateful to him1 & !re=e ! lov] w n brook any sup]iority or equality on ! "p ( 8 belov$2 he is always employ$ 9 r$uc+ him to inf]iority4 ,& ! ignorant is ! inf]ior ( ! wise1 ! c[>d ( ! brave1 ! sl[ ( spee* ( ! speak]1 ! dull ( ! clev]4 ,^!1 & n ^! only1 are ! m5tal defects ( ! belov$2--defects :i*1 :5 implant$ by nature1 are necess>ily a delight to ! lov]1 & :5 n implant$1 he mu/ contrive to implant !m 9 him1 if he w\ld n be depriv$ ( 8 fleet+ joy4 ,& !re=e he _c help be+ jeal\s1 & w deb> 8 belov$ f ! advantages ( society :i* w\ld make a man ( him1 & especially f t society :i* w\ld h giv5 him wisdom1 & !reby he _c fail to d him great h>m4 ,t is to say1 9 8 excessive fe> le/ he %\ld come to be despis$ 9 8 eyes he w be compell$ to bani% f him div9e philosophy2 & !re is no great] injury :i* he c inflict ^u him ?an ?is4 ,he w contrive t 8 belov$ %all be :olly ignorant1 & 9 ev]y?+ %all look to him2 he is to be ! delight ( ! lov]'s he>t1 & a curse to himself4 ,v]ily1 a lov] is a pr(itable gu>dian & associate = him 9 all t relates to 8 m9d4 ,let u next see h[ 8 ma/]1 ^: law ( life is pleasure & n good1 w keep & tra9 ! body ( 8 s]vant4 ,w he n *oose a belov$ :o is delicate r ?an /urdy & /rong8 ,"o br\ght up 9 %ady b[]s & n 9 ! bright sun1 a /rang] to manly ex]cises & ! sweat ( toil1 accu/om$ only to a s(t & luxuri\s diet1 in/ead ( ! hues ( heal? hav+ ! col\rs ( pa9t & ornam5t1 & ! re/ ( a piece8--su* a life z any "o c imag9e & :i* ,i ne$ n detail at l5g?4 ,b ,i may sum up all t ,i h to say 9 a ^w1 & pass on4 ,su* a p]son 9 w>1 or 9 any ( ! great crises ( life1 w be ! anxiety ( 8 fri5ds & also ( 8 lov]1 & c]ta9ly n ! t]ror ( 8 enemies2 :i* nobody c d5y4 ,& n[ let u tell :at advantage or disadvantage ! belov$ w receive f ! gu>dian%ip & society ( 8 lov] 9 ! matt] ( 8 prop]ty2 ?is is ! next po9t to be consid]$4 ,! lov] w be ! fir/ to see :at1 inde$1 w be suffici5tly evid5t to all m51 t he desires above all ?+s to deprive 8 belov$ ( 8 de>e/ & be/ & holie/ possessions1 fa!r1 "m1 k9dr$1 fri5ds1 ( all :om he ?9ks may be h9d]]s or reprov]s ( _! mo/ sweet conv]se2 he w ev5 ca/ a jeal\s eye ^u 8 gold & silv] or o!r prop]ty1 because ^! make him a less easy prey1 & :5 caught less manageable2 h5ce he is ( necessity displeas$ at 8 possession ( !m & rejoices at _! loss2 & he w\ld l him to be wifeless1 *ildless1 homeless1 z well2 & ! long] ! bett]1 = ! long] he is all ?is1 ! long] he w enjoy him4 ,!re are "s sort ( animals1 su* z flatt]]s1 :o are dang]\s & mis*iev\s en\gh1 & yet nature has m+l$ a tempor>y pleasure & grace 9 _! composition4 ,y may say t a c\rtesan is hurtful1 & disapprove ( su* creatures & _! practices1 & yet = ! "t !y are v pleasant4 ,b ! lov] is n only hurtful to 8 love2 he is also an extremely disagreeable companion4 ,! old prov]b says t 'birds ( a fea!r flock toge!r'2 ,i suppose t equality ( ye>s incl9es !m to ! same pleasures1 & simil>ity begets fri5d%ip2 yet y may h m ?an en\gh ev5 ( ?is2 & v]ily con/ra9t is always said to be griev\s4 ,n[ ! lov] is n only unlike 8 belov$1 b he =ces himself ^u him4 ,= he is old & 8 love is "y1 & nei!r day nor night w he leave him if he c help2 necessity & ! /+ ( desire drive him on1 & allure him ) ! pleasure :i* he receives f see+1 he>+1 t\*+1 p]ceiv+ him 9 e way4 ,& !re=e he is delight$ to fa/5 ^u him & to m9i/] to him4 ,b :at pleasure or consolation c ! belov$ be receiv+ all ?is "t8 ,mu/ he n feel ! extremity ( disgu/ :5 he looks at an old %rivell$ face & ! rema9d] to mat*1 :i* ev5 9 a description is disagreeable1 & q dete/able :5 he is =c$ into daily contact ) 8 lov]2 moreov] he is jeal\sly wat*$ & gu>d$ aga9/ ev]y?+ & ev]ybody1 & has to he> misplac$ & exagg]at$ praises ( himself1 & c5sures equally inappropriate1 :i* are intol]able :5 ! man is sob]1 &1 besides be+ intol]able1 are publi%$ all ov] ! _w 9 all _! indelicacy & we>isom5ess :5 he is drunk4 ,& n only :ile 8 love cont9ues is he mis*iev\s & unpleasant1 b :5 8 love ceases he becomes a p]fidi\s enemy ( him on :om he %[]$ 8 oa?s & pray]s & promises1 & yet c\ld h>dly prevail ^u him to tol]ate ! t$ium ( 8 company ev5 f motives ( int]e/4 ,! h\r ( paym5t arrives1 & n[ he is ! s]vant ( ano!r ma/]2 in/ead ( love & infatuation1 wisdom & temp]ance are 8 bosom's lords2 b ! belov$ has n discov]$ ! *ange :i* has tak5 place 9 him1 :5 he asks = a return & recalls to 8 recollection =m] say+s & do+s2 he believes himself to be speak+ to ! same p]son1 & ! o!r1 n hav+ ! c\rage to confess ! tru?1 & n kn[+ h[ to fulfil ! oa?s & promises :i* he made :5 "u ! dom9ion ( folly1 & hav+ n[ gr[n wise & temp]ate1 does n want to d z he did or to be z he 0 be=e4 ,& s he runs away & is con/ra9$ to be a default]2 ! oy/]-%ell 7,9 allusion to a game 9 :i* two p>ties fl$ or pursu$ accord+ z an oy/]-%ell :i* 0 ?r[n into ! air fell ) ! d>k or light side upp]mo/47 has fall5 ) ! o!r side upp]mo/--he *anges pursuit into flight1 :ile ! o!r is compell$ to foll[ him ) passion & imprecation1 n kn[+ t he ought nev] f ! fir/ to h accept$ a dem5t$ lov] in/ead ( a s5sible non-lov]2 & t 9 mak+ su* a *oice he 0 giv+ himself up to a fai?less1 morose1 envi\s1 disagreeable be+1 hurtful to 8 e/ate1 hurtful to 8 bodily heal?1 & /ill m hurtful to ! cultivation ( 8 m9d1 ?an :i* !re nei!r is nor ev] w be any?+ m hon\r$ 9 ! eyes bo? ( gods & m54 ,consid] ?is1 fair y\?1 & "k t 9 ! fri5d%ip ( ! lov] !re is no real k9dness2 he has an appetite & wants to fe$ ^u y3 ',z wolves love lambs s lov]s love _! loves4' ,b ,i told y s1 ,i am speak+ 9 v]se1 & !re=e ,i _h bett] make an end2 en\gh4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i ?\ght t y 7 only half-way & 7 go+ to make a simil> spee* ab\t all ! advantages ( accept+ ! non-lov]4 ,:y d y n proce$8 ,,socrates3 ,does n y\r simplicity obs]ve t ,i h got out ( di?yrambics into h]oics1 :5 only utt]+ a c5sure on ! lov]8 ,& if ,i am to add ! praises ( ! non-lov] :at w become ( me8 ,d y n p]ceive t ,i am already ov]tak5 by ! ,nymphs to :om y h mis*iev\sly expos$ me8 ,& !re=e ,i w only add t ! non-lov] has all ! advantages 9 :i* ! lov] is accus$ ( be+ defici5t4 ,& n[ ,i w say no m2 !re has be5 en\gh ( bo? ( !m4 ,leav+ ! tale to its fate1 ,i w cross ! riv] & make ! be/ ( my way home1 le/ a worse ?+ be inflict$ ^u me by y4 ,,pha$rus3 ,n yet1 ,socrates2 n until ! heat ( ! day has pass$2 d y n see t ! h\r is almo/ noon8 !re is ! midday sun /&+ /ill1 z p say1 9 ! m]idian4 ,let u r /ay & talk ov] :at has be5 said1 & !n return 9 ! cool4 ,,socrates3 ,y\r love ( disc\rse1 ,pha$rus1 is sup]human1 simply m>vell\s1 & ,i d n believe t !re is any "o ( y\r contempor>ies :o has ei!r made or 9 "o way or ano!r has compell$ o!rs to make an equal numb] ( spee*es4 ,i w\ld except ,simmias ! ,!ban1 b all ! re/ are f> beh9d y4 ,& n[ ,i d v]ily believe t y h be5 ! cause ( ano!r4 ,,pha$rus3 ,t is good news4 ,b :at d y mean8 ,,socrates3 ,i mean to say t z ,i 0 ab\t to cross ! /ream ! usual sign 0 giv5 to me1--t sign :i* always =bids1 b nev] bids1 me to d any?+ :i* ,i am go+ to d2 & ,i ?\ght t ,i he>d a voice say+ 9 my e> t ,i _h be5 guilty ( impiety1 & t ,i mu/ n g away until ,i _h made an atonem5t4 ,n[ ,i am a div9]1 ?\gh n a v good "o1 b ,i h en\gh religion = my own use1 z y might say ( a bad writ]--8 writ+ is good en\gh = him2 & ,i am beg9n+ to see t ,i 0 9 error4 ,o my fri5d1 h[ prophetic is ! human s\l6 ,at ! "t ,i _h a sort ( misgiv+1 &1 l ,ibycus1 ',i 0 tr\bl$2 ,i fe>$ t ,i might be buy+ hon\r f m5 at ! price ( s9n+ aga9/ ! gods4' ,n[ ,i recognize my error4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at error8 ,,socrates3 ,t 0 a dreadful spee* :i* y br\ght ) y1 & y made me utt] "o z bad4 ,,pha$rus3 ,h[ s8 ,,socrates3 ,x 0 fooli%1 ,i say1--to a c]ta9 ext5t1 impi\s2 c any?+ be m dreadful8 ,,pha$rus3 ,no?+1 if ! spee* 0 really su* z y describe4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 & is n ,eros ! son ( ,aphrodite1 & a god8 ,,pha$rus3 ,s m5 say4 ,,socrates3 ,b t 0 n ackn[l$g$ by ,lysias 9 8 spee*1 nor by y 9 t o!r spee* :i* y by a *>m drew f my lips4 ,= if love be1 z he surely is1 a div9ity1 he _c be evil4 ,yet ?is 0 ! error ( bo? ! spee*es4 ,!re 0 also a simplicity ab\t !m :i* 0 refre%+2 hav+ no tru? or hone/y 9 !m1 nev]!less !y pret5d$ to be some?+1 hop+ to succe$ 9 deceiv+ ! manik9s ( e>? & ga9 celebrity among !m4 ,:]e=e ,i mu/ h a purgation4 ,& ,i be?9k me ( an anci5t purgation ( my?ological error :i* 0 devis$1 n by ,hom]1 = he nev] _h ! wit to discov] :y he 0 bl9d1 b by ,/esi*orus1 :o 0 a philosoph] & knew ! reason :y2 & !re=e1 :5 he lo/ 8 eyes1 = t 0 ! p5alty :i* 0 inflict$ ^u him = revil+ ! lovely ,hel51 he at once purg$ himself4 ,& ! purgation 0 a recantation1 :i* began ?us1-- ',false is t ^w ( m9e--! tru? is t ?\ did/ n emb>k 9 %ips1 nor ev] g to ! walls ( ,troy2' & :5 he _h complet$ 8 poem1 :i* is call$ '! recantation1' imm$iately 8 sight return$ to him4 ,n[ ,i w be wis] ?an ei!r ,/esi*orus or ,hom]1 9 t ,i am go+ to make my recantation = revil+ love be=e ,i suff]2 & ?is ,i w attempt1 n z be=e1 veil$ & a%am$1 b ) =ehead bold & b>e4 ,,pha$rus3 ,no?+ c\ld be m agreeable to me ?an to he> y say s4 ,,socrates3 ,only ?9k1 my good ,pha$rus1 :at an utt] want ( delicacy 0 %[n 9 ! two disc\rses2 ,i mean1 9 my own & 9 t :i* y recit$ out ( ! book4 ,w\ld n any "o :o 0 himself ( a noble & g5tle nature1 & :o lov$ or ev] _h lov$ a nature l 8 own1 :5 we tell ( ! petty causes ( lov]s' jeal\sies1 & ( _! exce$+ animosities1 & ( ! injuries :i* !y d to _! belov$1 h imag9$ t our ideas ( love 7 tak5 f "s haunt ( sailors to :i* good mann]s 7 unkn[n--he w\ld c]ta9ly nev] h admitt$ ! ju/ice ( our c5sure8 ,,pha$rus3 ,i d>e say n1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,!re=e1 because ,i blu% at ! ?\ght ( ?is p]son1 & also because ,i am afraid ( ,love himself1 ,i desire to wa% ! br9e out ( my e>s ) wat] f ! spr+2 & ,i w\ld c\nsel ,lysias n to delay1 b to write ano!r disc\rse1 :i* %all prove t 'cet]is p>ibus' ! lov] ought to be accept$ r ?an ! non-lov]4 ,,pha$rus3 ,be assur$ t he %all4 ,y %all speak ! praises ( ! lov]1 & ,lysias %all be compell$ by me to write ano!r disc\rse on ! same !me4 ,,socrates3 ,y w be true to y\r nature 9 t1 & !re=e ,i believe y4 ,,pha$rus3 ,speak1 & fe> n4 ,,socrates3 ,b :]e is ! fair y\? :om ,i 0 address+ be=e1 & :o ought to li/5 n[2 le/1 if he he> me n1 he %\ld accept a non-lov] be=e he kn[s :at he is do+8 ,,pha$rus3 ,he is close at h&1 & always at y\r s]vice4 ,,socrates3 ,"k !n1 fair y\?1 t ! =m] disc\rse 0 ! ^w ( ,pha$rus1 ! son ( ,va9 ,man1 :o dwells 9 ! city ( ,myrrh9a 7,myrrh9usius74 ,& ?is :i* ,i am ab\t to utt] is ! recantation ( ,/esi*orus ! son ( ,godly ,man 7,euphemus71 :o comes f ! t[n ( ,desire 7,him]a71 & is to ! foll[+ effect3 ',i told a lie :5 ,i said' t ! belov$ ought to accept ! non-lov] :5 he might h ! lov]1 because ! "o is sane1 & ! o!r mad4 ,x might be s if madness 7 simply an evil2 b !re is also a madness :i* is a div9e gift1 & ! s\rce ( ! *iefe/ bless+s grant$ to m54 ,= prophecy is a madness1 & ! prophetess at ,delphi & ! prie/esses at ,dodona :5 out ( _! s5ses h conf]r$ great b5efits on ,hellas1 bo? 9 public & private life1 b :5 9 _! s5ses few or none4 ,& ,i might also tell y h[ ! ,sibyl & o!r inspir$ p]sons h giv5 to _m an "o _m an intimation ( ! future :i* has sav$ !m f fall+4 ,b x w\ld be t$i\s to speak ( :at e "o kn[s4 ,!re w be m reason 9 appeal+ to ! anci5t inv5tors ( names 7comp>e ,cratylus71 :o w\ld nev] h connect$ prophecy 7mantike7 :i* =etells ! future & is ! noble/ ( arts1 ) madness 7manike71 or call$ !m bo? by ! same "n1 if !y _h deem$ madness to be a disgrace or di%on\r2--!y mu/ h ?\ght t !re 0 an inspir$ madness :i* 0 a noble ?+2 = ! two words1 mantike & manike1 are really ! same1 & ! lett] tau is only a mod]n & ta/eless ins]tion4 ,& ?is is confirm$ by ! "n :i* 0 giv5 by !m to ! rational inve/igation ( futurity1 :e!r made by ! help ( birds or ( o!r signs--?is1 = z mu* z x is an art :i* supplies f ! reason+ faculty m9d 7n\s7 & in=mation 7i/oria7 to human ?\ght 7oiesis7 !y orig9ally t]m$ oionoi/ike1 b ! ^w has be5 lately alt]$ & made sonor\s by ! mod]n introduction ( ! lett] ,omega 7oionoi/ike & oioni/ike71 & 9 proportion z prophecy 7mantike7 is m p]fect & augu/ ?an augury1 bo? 9 "n & fact1 9 ! same proportion1 z ! anci5ts te/ify1 is madness sup]ior to a sane m9d 7sophrosune7 = ! "o is only ( human1 b ! o!r ( div9e orig94 ,aga91 :]e plagues & mightie/ woes h br$ 9 c]ta9 families1 ow+ to "s anci5t blood-guilt9ess1 !re madness has ent]$ ) holy pray]s & rites1 & by inspir$ utt]ances f\nd a way ( deliv]ance = ^? :o are 9 ne$2 & he :o has "p 9 ?is gift1 & is truly possess$ & duly out ( 8 m9d1 is by ! use ( purifications & my/]ies made :ole & exempt f evil1 future z well z pres5t1 & has a release f ! calamity :i* 0 afflict+ him4 ,! ?ird k9d is ! madness ( ^? :o are possess$ by ! ,muses2 :i* tak+ hold ( a delicate & virg9 s\l1 & !re inspir+ fr5zy1 awak5s lyrical & all o!r numb]s2 ) ^! adorn+ ! myriad actions ( anci5t h]oes = ! in/ruction ( po/]ity4 ,b he :o1 hav+ no t\* ( ! ,muses' madness 9 8 s\l1 comes to ! door & ?9ks t he w get into ! temple by ! help ( art--he1 ,i say1 & 8 poetry are n admitt$2 ! sane man disappe>s & is n[h]e :5 he ent]s into rivalry ) ! madman4 ,i might tell ( _m o!r noble de$s :i* h sprung f inspir$ madness4 ,& !re=e1 let no "o fright5 or flutt] u by say+ t ! temp]ate fri5d is to be *os5 r ?an ! inspir$1 b let him fur!r %[ t love is n s5t by ! gods = any good to lov] or belov$2 if he c d s we w all[ him to c>ry (f ! palm4 ,& we1 on our "p1 w prove 9 answ] to him t ! madness ( love is ! greate/ ( heav5's bless+s1 & ! pro( %all be "o :i* ! wise w receive1 & ! witl+ disbelieve4 ,b fir/ ( all1 let u view ! affections & actions ( ! s\l div9e & human1 & try to asc]ta9 ! tru? ab\t !m4 ,! beg9n+ ( our pro( is z foll[s3-- 7,translat$ by ,cic4 ,tus4 ,quae/47 ,! s\l ?r\gh all h] be+ is immortal1 = t :i* is ev] 9 motion is immortal2 b t :i* moves ano!r & is mov$ by ano!r1 9 ceas+ to move ceases also to live4 ,only ! self-mov+1 nev] leav+ self1 nev] ceases to move1 & is ! f\nta9 & beg9n+ ( motion to all t moves besides4 ,n[1 ! beg9n+ is unbegott51 = t :i* is begott5 has a beg9n+2 b ! beg9n+ is begott5 ( no?+1 = if x 7 begott5 ( some?+1 !n ! begott5 w\ld n come f a beg9n+4 ,b if unbegott51 x mu/ also be inde/ructible2 = if beg9n+ 7 de/roy$1 !re c\ld be no beg9n+ out ( any?+1 nor any?+ out ( a beg9n+2 & all ?+s mu/ h a beg9n+4 ,& !re=e ! self-mov+ is ! beg9n+ ( motion2 & ?is c nei!r be de/roy$ nor begott51 else ! :ole heav5s & all creation w\ld collapse & /& /ill1 & nev] aga9 h motion or bir?4 ,b if ! self-mov+ is prov$ to be immortal1 he :o affirms t self-motion is ! v idea & ess5ce ( ! s\l w n be put to confusion4 ,= ! body :i* is mov$ f )\t is s\lless2 b t :i* is mov$ f )9 has a s\l1 = su* is ! nature ( ! s\l4 ,b if ?is be true1 mu/ n ! s\l be ! self-mov+1 & !re=e ( necessity unbegott5 & immortal8 ,en\gh ( ! s\l's immortality4 ,( ! nature ( ! s\l1 ?\gh h] true =m be ev] a !me ( l>ge & m ?an mortal disc\rse1 let me speak briefly1 & 9 a figure4 ,& let ! figure be composite--a pair ( w+$ horses & a *>iote]4 ,n[ ! w+$ horses & ! *>iote]s ( ! gods are all ( !m noble & ( noble desc5t1 b ^? ( o!r races are mix$2 ! human *>iote] drives 8 9 a pair2 & "o ( !m is noble & ( noble bre$1 & ! o!r is ignoble & ( ignoble bre$2 & ! driv+ ( !m ( necessity gives a great deal ( tr\ble to him4 ,i w endeav\r to expla9 to y 9 :at way ! mortal diff]s f ! immortal creature4 ,! s\l 9 h] totality has ! c>e ( inanimate be+ ev]y:]e1 & trav]ses ! :ole heav5 9 div]s =ms appe>+--:5 p]fect & fully w+$ %e so>s upw>d1 & ord]s ! :ole _w2 :]eas ! imp]fect s\l1 los+ h] w+s & droop+ 9 h] flight at la/ settles on ! solid gr\nd--!re1 f9d+ a home1 %e receives an e>?ly frame :i* appe>s to be self-mov$1 b is really mov$ by h] p[]2 & ?is composition ( s\l & body is call$ a liv+ & mortal creature4 ,= immortal no su* union c be reasonably believ$ to be2 al?\gh fancy1 n hav+ se5 nor surely kn[n ! nature ( ,god1 may imag9e an immortal creature hav+ bo? a body & also a s\l :i* are unit$ ?r\gh\t all "t4 ,let t1 h[ev]1 be z ,god wills1 & be spok5 ( acceptably to him4 ,& n[ let u ask ! reason :y ! s\l loses h] w+s6 ,! w+ is ! corporeal elem5t :i* is mo/ ak9 to ! div9e1 & :i* by nature t5ds to so> al(t & c>ry t :i* gravitates d[nw>ds into ! upp] region1 :i* is ! habitation ( ! gods4 ,! div9e is beauty1 wisdom1 goodness1 & ! l2 & by ^! ! w+ ( ! s\l is n\ri%$1 & gr[s apace2 b :5 f$ ^u evil & f\lness & ! opposite ( good1 wa/es & falls away4 ,zeus1 ! mighty "l1 hold+ ! re9s ( a w+$ *>iot1 leads ! way 9 heav51 ord]+ all & tak+ c>e ( all2 & !re foll[s him ! array ( gods & demi-gods1 m>%all$ 9 elev5 b&s2 ,he/ia alone abides at home 9 ! h\se ( heav52 ( ! re/ !y :o are reckon$ among ! pr9cely twelve m>* 9 _! appo9t$ ord]4 ,!y see _m bless$ sights 9 ! inn] heav51 & !re are _m ways to & fro1 along :i* ! bless$ gods are pass+1 e "o do+ 8 own "w2 he may foll[ :o w & c1 = jeal\sy has no place 9 ! cele/ial *oir4 ,b :5 !y g to banquet & fe/ival1 !n !y move up ! /eep to ! top ( ! vault ( heav54 ,! *>iots ( ! gods 9 ev5 poise1 obey+ ! re91 glide rapidly2 b ! o!rs lab\r1 = ! vici\s /e$ goes heavily1 weigh+ d[n ! *>iote] to ! e>? :5 8 /e$ has n be5 ?or\ghly tra9$3--& ?is is ! h\r ( agony & extreme/ conflict = ! s\l4 ,= ! immortals1 :5 !y are at ! end ( _! c\rse1 g =? & /& ^u ! outside ( heav51 & ! revolution ( ! sph]es c>ries !m r\nd1 & !y behold ! ?+s beyond4 ,b ( ! heav5 :i* is above ! heav5s1 :at e>?ly poet ev] did or ev] w s+ wor?ily8 ,x is su* z ,i w describe2 = ,i mu/ d>e to speak ! tru?1 :5 tru? is my !me4 ,!re abides ! v be+ ) :i* true k is conc]n$2 ! col\rless1 =mless1 intangible ess5ce1 visible only to m9d1 ! pilot ( ! s\l4 ,! div9e intellig5ce1 be+ nurtur$ ^u m9d & pure k1 & ! intellig5ce ( e s\l :i* is capable ( receiv+ ! food prop] to x1 rejoices at behold+ reality1 & once m gaz+ ^u tru?1 is repl5i%$ & made glad1 until ! revolution ( ! worlds br+s h] r\nd aga9 to ! same place4 ,9 ! revolution %e beholds ju/ice1 & temp]ance1 & k absolute1 n 9 ! =m ( g5]ation or ( relation1 :i* m5 call exi/5ce1 b k absolute 9 exi/5ce absolute2 & behold+ ! o!r true exi/5ces 9 l mann]1 & fea/+ ^u !m1 %e passes d[n into ! int]ior ( ! heav5s & returns home2 & !re ! *>iote] putt+ up 8 horses at ! /all1 gives !m ambrosia to eat & nect> to dr9k4 ,su* is ! life ( ! gods2 b ( o!r s\ls1 t :i* foll[s ,god be/ & is like/ to him lifts ! head ( ! *>iote] into ! out] _w1 & is c>ri$ r\nd 9 ! revolution1 tr\bl$ inde$ by ! /e$s1 & ) difficulty behold+ true be+2 :ile ano!r only rises & falls1 & sees1 & aga9 fails to see by reason ( ! unrul9ess ( ! /e$s4 ,! re/ ( ! s\ls are also long+ aft] ! upp] _w & !y all foll[1 b n be+ /rong en\gh !y are c>ri$ r\nd bel[ ! surface1 plung+1 tread+ on "o ano!r1 ea* /riv+ to be fir/2 & !re is confusion & p]spiration & ! extremity ( ef=t2 & _m ( !m are lam$ or h _! w+s brok5 ?r\gh ! ill-driv+ ( ! *>iote]s2 & all ( !m aft] a fruitless toil1 n hav+ atta9$ to ! my/]ies ( true be+1 g away1 & fe$ ^u op9ion4 ,! reason :y ! s\ls exhibit ?is exce$+ eag]ness to behold ! pla9 ( tru? is t pa/urage is f\nd !re1 :i* is suit$ to ! highe/ "p ( ! s\l2 & ! w+ on :i* ! s\l so>s is n\ri%$ ) ?is4 ,& !re is a law ( ,de/9y1 t ! s\l :i* atta9s any vision ( tru? 9 company ) a god is pres]v$ f h>m until ! next p]iod1 & if atta9+ always is always unh>m$4 ,b :5 %e is unable to foll[1 & fails to behold ! tru?1 & ?r\gh "s ill-hap s9ks b5ea? ! d\ble load ( =getfulness & vice1 & h] w+s fall f h] & %e drops to ! gr\nd1 !n ! law orda9s t ?is s\l %all at h] fir/ bir? pass1 n into any o!r animal1 b only into man2 & ! s\l :i* has se5 mo/ ( tru? %all come to ! bir? z a philosoph]1 or arti/1 or "s musical & lov+ nature2 t :i* has se5 tru? 9 ! second degree %all be "s righte\s k+ or w>rior *ief2 ! s\l :i* is ( ! ?ird class %all be a politician1 or economi/1 or trad]2 ! f\r? %all be a lov] ( gymna/ic toils1 or a physician2 ! fif? %all lead ! life ( a prophet or hi]ophant2 to ! six? ! "* ( poet or "s o!r imitative arti/ w be assign$2 to ! sev5? ! life ( an artisan or husb&man2 to ! eigh? t ( a sophi/ or demagogue2 to ! n9? t ( a tyrant--all ^! are /ates ( probation1 9 :i* he :o does righte\sly improves1 & he :o does unrighte\sly1 det]iorates 8 lot4 ,t5 ?\s& ye>s mu/ elapse be=e ! s\l ( ea* "o c return to ! place f :5ce %e came1 = %e _c gr[ h] w+s 9 less2 only ! s\l ( a philosoph]1 guileless & true1 or ! s\l ( a lov]1 :o is n devoid ( philosophy1 may acquire w+s 9 ! ?ird ( ! recurr+ p]iods ( a ?\s& ye>s2 he is di/+ui%$ f ! ord9>y good man :o ga9s w+s 9 ?ree ?\s& ye>s3--& !y :o *oose ?is life ?ree times 9 succession h w+s giv5 !m1 & g away at ! end ( ?ree ?\s& ye>s4 ,b ! o!rs 7,! philosoph] alone is n subject to judgm5t 7krisis71 = he has nev] lo/ ! vision ( tru?47 receive judgm5t :5 !y h complet$ _! fir/ life1 & aft] ! judgm5t !y g1 "s ( !m to ! h\ses ( correction :i* are "u ! e>?1 & are puni%$2 o!rs to "s place 9 heav5 :i!r !y are lightly borne by ju/ice1 & !re !y live 9 a mann] wor?y ( ! life :i* !y l$ "h :5 9 ! =m ( m54 ,& at ! end ( ! fir/ ?\s& ye>s ! good s\ls & also ! evil s\ls bo? come to draw lots & *oose _! second life1 & !y may take any :i* !y please4 ,! s\l ( a man may pass into ! life ( a bea/1 or f ! bea/ return aga9 into ! man4 ,b ! s\l :i* has nev] se5 ! tru? w n pass into ! human =m4 ,= a man mu/ h intellig5ce ( univ]sals1 & be able to proce$ f ! _m p>ticul>s ( s5se to "o conception ( reason2--?is is ! recollection ( ^? ?+s :i* our s\l once saw :ile foll[+ ,god--:5 reg>dless ( t :i* we n[ call be+ %e rais$ h] head up t[>ds ! true be+4 ,& !re=e ! m9d ( ! philosoph] alone has w+s2 & ?is is j1 = he is always1 accord+ to ! measure ( 8 abilities1 cl++ 9 recollection to ^? ?+s 9 :i* ,god abides1 & 9 behold+ :i* ,he is :at ,he is4 ,& he :o employs aright ^! memories is ev] be+ initiat$ into p]fect my/]ies & alone becomes truly p]fect4 ,b1 z he =gets e>?ly int]e/s & is rapt 9 ! div9e1 ! vulg> deem him mad1 & rebuke him2 !y d n see t he is inspir$4 ,?us f> ,i h be5 speak+ ( ! f\r? & la/ k9d ( madness1 :i* is imput$ to him :o1 :5 he sees ! beauty ( e>?1 is transport$ ) ! recollection ( ! true beauty2 he w\ld l to fly away1 b he _c2 he is l a bird flutt]+ & look+ upw>d & c>eless ( ! _w bel[2 & he is !re=e ?\ght to be mad4 ,& ,i h %[n ?is ( all inspirations to be ! noble/ & highe/ & ! (fspr+ ( ! highe/ to him :o has or %>es 9 x1 & t he :o loves ! beautiful is call$ a lov] because he p>takes ( x4 ,=1 z has be5 already said1 e s\l ( man has 9 ! way ( nature beheld true be+2 ?is 0 ! condition ( h] pass+ into ! =m ( man4 ,b all s\ls d n easily recall ! ?+s ( ! o!r _w2 !y may h se5 !m = a %ort "t only1 or !y may h be5 un=tunate 9 _! e>?ly lot1 &1 hav+ _h _! he>ts turn$ to unrighte\sness ?r\gh "s corrupt+ influ5ce1 !y may h lo/ ! memory ( ! holy ?+s :i* once !y saw4 ,few only reta9 an adequate remembrance ( !m2 & !y1 :5 !y behold "h any image ( t o!r _w1 are rapt 9 amazem5t2 b !y are ignorant ( :at ?is rapture means1 because !y d n cle>ly p]ceive4 ,= !re is no light ( ju/ice or temp]ance or any ( ! high] ideas :i* are preci\s to s\ls 9 ! e>?ly copies ( !m3 !y are se5 ?r\gh a glass dimly2 & !re are few :o1 go+ to ! images1 behold 9 !m ! realities1 & ^! only ) difficulty4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ) ! re/ ( ! happy b& !y saw beauty %9+ 9 brightness1--we philosoph]s foll[+ 9 ! tra9 ( ,zeus1 o!rs 9 company ) o!r gods2 & !n we beheld ! beatific vision & 7 initiat$ into a my/]y :i* may be truly call$ mo/ bless$1 celebrat$ by u 9 our /ate ( innoc5ce1 be=e we _h any exp]i5ce ( evils to come1 :5 we 7 admitt$ to ! sight ( app>itions innoc5t & simple & calm & happy1 :i* we beheld %9+ 9 pure light1 pure ourselves & n yet en%r9$ 9 t liv+ tomb :i* we c>ry ab\t1 n[ t we are imprison$ 9 ! body1 l an oy/] 9 8 %ell4 ,let me l+] ov] ! memory ( sc5es :i* h pass$ away4 ,b ( beauty1 ,i repeat aga9 t we saw h] !re %9+ 9 company ) ! cele/ial =ms2 & com+ to e>? we f9d h] "h too1 %9+ 9 cle>ness ?r\gh ! cle>e/ ap]ture ( s5se4 ,= sight is ! mo/ pi]c+ ( our bodily s5ses2 ?\gh n by t is wisdom se52 h] lovel9ess w\ld h be5 transport+ if !re _h be5 a visible image ( h]1 & ! o!r ideas1 if !y _h visible c\nt]p>ts1 w\ld be equally lovely4 ,b ?is is ! privilege ( beauty1 t be+ ! lovelie/ %e is also ! mo/ palpable to sight4 ,n[ he :o is n newly initiat$ or :o has become corrupt$1 does n easily rise out ( ?is _w to ! sight ( true beauty 9 ! o!r2 he looks only at h] e>?ly namesake1 & in/ead ( be+ aw$ at ! sight ( h]1 he is giv5 ov] to pleasure1 & l a bruti% bea/ he ru%es on to enjoy & beget2 he consorts ) wantonness1 & is n afraid or a%am$ ( pursu+ pleasure 9 violation ( nature4 ,b he ^: initiation is rec5t1 & :o has be5 ! spectator ( _m glories 9 ! o!r _w1 is amaz$ :5 he sees any "o hav+ a godlike face or =m1 :i* is ! expression ( div9e beauty2 & at fir/ a %udd] runs ?r\gh him1 & aga9 ! old awe /eals ov] him2 !n look+ ^u ! face ( 8 belov$ z ( a god he rev]5ces him1 & if he 7 n afraid ( be+ ?\ght a d[nright madman1 he w\ld sacrifice to 8 belov$ z to ! image ( a god2 !n :ile he gazes on him !re is a sort ( reaction1 & ! %udd] passes into an unusual heat & p]spiration2 =1 z he receives ! efflu5ce ( beauty ?r\gh ! eyes1 ! w+ moi/5s & he w>ms4 ,& z he w>ms1 ! p>ts out ( :i* ! w+ grew1 & :i* _h be5 hi!rto clos$ & rigid1 & _h prev5t$ ! w+ f %oot+ =?1 are melt$1 & z n\ri%m5t /reams ^u him1 ! l[] end ( ! w+ beg9s to swell & gr[ f ! root upw>ds2 & ! gr[? ext5ds "u ! :ole s\l--= once ! :ole 0 w+$4 ,dur+ ?is process ! :ole s\l is all 9 a /ate ( ebullition & eff]vesc5ce1--:i* may be comp>$ to ! irritation & uneas9ess 9 ! gums at ! "t ( cutt+ tee?1--bubbles up1 & has a feel+ ( uneas9ess & tickl+2 b :5 9 l mann] ! s\l is beg9n+ to gr[ w+s1 ! beauty ( ! belov$ meets h] eye & %e receives ! s5sible w>m motion ( p>ticles :i* fl[ t[>ds h]1 !re=e call$ emotion 7im]os71 & is refre%$ & w>m$ by !m1 & !n %e ceases f h] pa9 ) joy4 ,b :5 %e is p>t$ f h] belov$ & h] moi/ure fails1 !n ! orifices ( ! passage out ( :i* ! w+ %oots dry up & close1 & int]cept ! g]m ( ! w+2 :i*1 be+ %ut up ) ! emotion1 ?robb+ z ) ! pulsations ( an art]y1 pricks ! ap]ture :i* is ne>e/1 until at l5g? ! entire s\l is pi]c$ & madd5$ & pa9$1 & at ! recollection ( beauty is aga9 delight$4 ,& f bo? ( !m toge!r ! s\l is oppress$ at ! /rang5ess ( h] condition1 & is 9 a great /rait & excitem5t1 & 9 h] madness c nei!r sleep by night nor abide 9 h] place by day4 ,& :]ev] %e ?9ks t %e w behold ! beautiful "o1 ?i!r 9 h] desire %e runs4 ,& :5 %e has se5 him1 & ba!d h]self 9 ! wat]s ( beauty1 h] con/ra9t is loos5$1 & %e is refre%$1 & has no m pangs & pa9s2 & ?is is ! sweete/ ( all pleasures at ! "t1 & is ! reason :y ! s\l ( ! lov] w nev] =sake 8 beautiful "o1 :om he e/eems above all2 he has =gott5 "m & bre?r5 & companions1 & he ?9ks no?+ ( ! neglect & loss ( 8 prop]ty2 ! rules & proprieties ( life1 on :i* he =m]ly prid$ himself1 he n[ despises1 & is ready to sleep l a s]vant1 :]ev] he is all[$1 z ne> z he c to 8 desir$ "o1 :o is ! object ( 8 wor%ip1 & ! physician :o c alone assuage ! greatness ( 8 pa94 ,& ?is /ate1 my de> imag9>y y\? to :om ,i am talk+1 is by m5 call$ love1 & among ! gods has a "n at :i* y1 9 y\r simplicity1 may be incl9$ to mock2 !re are two l9es 9 ! apocryphal writ+s ( ,hom] 9 :i* ! "n occurs4 ,"o ( !m is r outrage\s1 & n altoge!r metrical4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ',mortals call him flutt]+ love1 ,b ! immortals call him w+$ "o1 ,because ! gr[+ ( w+s 7,or1 read+ pt]o?oiton1 '! movem5t ( w+s4'7 is a necessity to him4' ,y may believe ?is1 b n unless y l4 ,at any rate ! loves ( lov]s & _! causes are su* z ,i h describ$4 ,n[ ! lov] :o is tak5 to be ! att5dant ( ,zeus is bett] able to be> ! w+$ god1 & c endure a heavi] burd52 b ! att5dants & companions ( ,ares1 :5 "u ! influ5ce ( love1 if !y fancy t !y h be5 at all wrong$1 are ready to kill & put an end to !mselves & _! belov$4 ,& he :o foll[s 9 ! tra9 ( any o!r god1 :ile he is unspoil$ & ! impression la/s1 hon\rs & imitates him1 z f> z he is able2 & aft] ! mann] ( 8 ,god he behaves 9 8 int]c\rse ) 8 belov$ & ) ! re/ ( ! _w dur+ ! fir/ p]iod ( 8 e>?ly exi/5ce4 ,e "o *ooses 8 love f ! ranks ( beauty accord+ to 8 "*1 & ?is he makes 8 god1 & fa%ions & adorns z a sort ( image :i* he is to fall d[n & wor%ip4 ,! foll[]s ( ,zeus desire t _! belov$ %\ld h a s\l l him2 & !re=e !y seek out "s "o ( a philosophical & imp]ial nature1 & :5 !y h f\nd him & lov$ him1 !y d all !y c to confirm su* a nature 9 him1 & if !y h no exp]i5ce ( su* a disposition hi!rto1 !y le>n ( any "o :o c tea* !m1 & !mselves foll[ 9 ! same way4 ,& !y h ! less difficulty 9 f9d+ ! nature ( _! own god 9 !mselves1 because !y h be5 compell$ to gaze int5sely on him2 _! recollection cl+s to him1 & !y become possess$ ( him1 & receive f him _! "* & disposition1 s f> z man c p>ticipate 9 ,god4 ,! qualities ( _! god !y attribute to ! belov$1 :]e=e !y love him all ! m1 & if1 l ! ,bac*ic ,nymphs1 !y draw inspiration f ,zeus1 !y p\r out _! own f\nta9 ^u him1 want+ to make him z l z possible to _! own god4 ,b ^? :o are ! foll[]s ( ,"h seek a royal love1 & :5 !y h f\nd him !y d j ! same ) him2 & 9 l mann] ! foll[]s ( ,apollo1 & ( e o!r god walk+ 9 ! ways ( _! god1 seek a love :o is to be made l him :om !y s]ve1 & :5 !y h f\nd him1 !y !mselves imitate _! god1 & p]suade _! love to d ! same1 & educate him into ! mann] & nature ( ! god z f> z !y ea* c2 = no feel+s ( envy or jeal\sy are ent]ta9$ by !m t[>ds _! belov$1 b !y d _! utmo/ to create 9 him ! greate/ lik5ess ( !mselves & ( ! god :om !y hon\r4 ,?us fair & blissful to ! belov$ is ! desire ( ! inspir$ lov]1 & ! initiation ( :i* ,i speak into ! my/]ies ( true love1 if he be captur$ by ! lov] & _! purpose is effect$4 ,n[ ! belov$ is tak5 captive 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,z ,i said at ! beg9n+ ( ?is tale1 ,i divid$ ea* s\l into ?ree--two horses & a *>iote]2 & "o ( ! horses 0 good & ! o!r bad3 ! division may rema91 b ,i h n yet expla9$ 9 :at ! goodness or badness ( ei!r consi/s1 & to t ,i w n[ proce$4 ,! "r-h& horse is upright & cleanly made2 he has a l(ty neck & an aquil9e nose2 8 col\r is :ite1 & 8 eyes d>k2 he is a lov] ( hon\r & mode/y & temp]ance1 & ! foll[] ( true glory2 he ne$s no t\* ( ! :ip1 b is guid$ by ^w & admonition only4 ,! o!r is a crook$ lumb]+ animal1 put toge!r anyh[2 he has a %ort ?ick neck2 he is flat-fac$ & ( a d>k col\r1 ) grey eyes & blood-r$ complexion 7,or ) grey & blood-%ot eyes472 ! mate ( insol5ce & pride1 %ag-e>$ & deaf1 h>dly yield+ to :ip & spur4 ,n[ :5 ! *>iote] beholds ! vision ( love1 & has 8 :ole s\l w>m$ ?r\gh s5se1 & is full ( ! prick+s & tickl+s ( desire1 ! ob$i5t /e$1 !n z always "u ! gov]nm5t ( %ame1 refra9s f leap+ on ! belov$2 b ! o!r1 he$less ( ! pricks & ( ! bl[s ( ! :ip1 plunges & runs away1 giv+ all mann] ( tr\ble to 8 companion & ! *>iote]1 :om he =ces to approa* ! belov$ & to rememb] ! joys ( love4 ,!y at fir/ indignantly oppose him & w n be urg$ on to d t]rible & unlawful de$s2 b at la/1 :5 he p]si/s 9 plagu+ !m1 !y yield & agree to d z he bids !m4 ,& n[ !y are at ! spot & behold ! fla%+ beauty ( ! belov$2 :i* :5 ! *>iote] sees1 8 memory is c>ri$ to ! true beauty1 :om he beholds 9 company ) ,mode/y l an image plac$ ^u a holy p$e/al4 ,he sees h]1 b he is afraid & falls backw>ds 9 adoration1 & by 8 fall is compell$ to pull back ! re9s ) su* viol5ce z to br+ bo? ! /e$s on _! haun*es1 ! "o will+ & unresi/+1 ! unruly "o v unwill+2 & :5 !y h gone back a little1 ! "o is ov]come ) %ame & wond]1 & 8 :ole s\l is ba!d 9 p]spiration2 ! o!r1 :5 ! pa9 is ov] :i* ! bridle & ! fall _h giv5 him1 hav+ ) difficulty tak5 brea?1 is full ( wra? & reproa*es1 :i* he heaps ^u ! *>iote] & 8 fell[-/e$1 = want ( c\rage & manhood1 decl>+ t !y h be5 false to _! agreem5t & guilty ( des]tion4 ,aga9 !y refuse1 & aga9 he urges !m on1 & w sc>ce yield to _! pray] t he w\ld wait until ano!r "t4 ,:5 ! appo9t$ h\r comes1 !y make z if !y _h =gott51 & he rem9ds !m1 fight+ & neigh+ & dragg+ !m on1 until at l5g? he on ! same ?\ghts int5t1 =ces !m to draw ne> aga94 ,& :5 !y are ne> he /oops 8 head & puts up 8 tail1 & takes ! bit 9 8 tee? & pulls %amelessly4 ,!n ! *>iote] is worse (f ?an ev]2 he falls back l a rac] at ! b>ri]1 & ) a /ill m viol5t wr5* drags ! bit out ( ! tee? ( ! wild /e$ & cov]s 8 abusive tongue & jaws ) blood1 & =ces 8 legs & haun*es to ! gr\nd & puni%es him sorely4 ,& :5 ?is has happ5$ sev]al times & ! villa9 has ceas$ f 8 wanton way1 he is tam$ & humbl$1 & foll[s ! w ( ! *>iote]1 & :5 he sees ! beautiful "o he is ready to die ( fe>4 ,& f t "t =w>d ! s\l ( ! lov] foll[s ! belov$ 9 mode/y & holy fe>4 ,& s ! belov$ :o1 l a god1 has receiv$ e true & loyal s]vice f 8 lov]1 n 9 pret5ce b 9 reality1 be+ also himself ( a nature fri5dly to 8 admir]1 if 9 =m] days he has blu%$ to own 8 passion & turn$ away 8 lov]1 because 8 y\?ful companions or o!rs sl&]\sly told him t he w\ld be disgrac$1 n[ z ye>s advance1 at ! appo9t$ age & "t1 is l$ to receive him into communion4 ,= fate :i* has orda9$ t !re %all be no fri5d%ip among ! evil has also orda9$ t !re %all ev] be fri5d%ip among ! good4 ,& ! belov$ :5 he has receiv$ him into communion & intimacy1 is q amaz$ at ! good-w ( ! lov]2 he recognises t ! inspir$ fri5d is wor? all o!r fri5ds or k9sm52 !y h no?+ ( fri5d%ip 9 !m wor?y to be comp>$ ) 84 ,& :5 ?is feel+ cont9ues & he is ne>] to him & embraces him1 9 gymna/ic ex]cises & at o!r times ( meet+1 !n ! f\nta9 ( t /ream1 :i* ,zeus :5 he 0 9 love ) ,ganym$e nam$ ,desire1 ov]fl[s ^u ! lov]1 & "s ent]s into 8 s\l1 & "s :5 he is fill$ fl[s out aga92 & z a breeze or an e*o reb\nds f ! smoo? rocks & returns :5ce x came1 s does ! /ream ( beauty1 pass+ ?r\gh ! eyes :i* are ! w9d[s ( ! s\l1 come back to ! beautiful "o2 !re arriv+ & quick5+ ! passages ( ! w+s1 wat]+ !m & incl9+ !m to gr[1 & fill+ ! s\l ( ! belov$ also ) love4 ,& ?us he loves1 b he kn[s n :at2 he does n und]/& & _c expla9 8 own /ate2 he appe>s to h caught ! infection ( bl9dness f ano!r2 ! lov] is 8 mirror 9 :om he is behold+ himself1 b he is n aw>e ( ?is4 ,:5 he is ) ! lov]1 bo? cease f _! pa91 b :5 he is away !n he longs z he is long$ =1 & has love's image1 love = love 7,ant]os7 lodg+ 9 8 brea/1 :i* he calls & believes to be n love b fri5d%ip only1 & 8 desire is z ! desire ( ! o!r1 b weak]2 he wants to see him1 t\* him1 kiss him1 embrace him1 & probably n long aft]w>ds 8 desire is accompli%$4 ,:5 !y meet1 ! wanton /e$ ( ! lov] has a ^w to say to ! *>iote]2 he w\ld l to h a little pleasure 9 return = _m pa9s1 b ! wanton /e$ ( ! belov$ says n a ^w1 = he is bur/+ ) passion :i* he und]/&s n2--he ?r[s 8 arms r\nd ! lov] & embraces him z 8 de>e/ fri5d2 &1 :5 !y are side by side1 he is n 9 a /ate 9 :i* he c refuse ! lov] any?+1 if he ask him2 al?\gh 8 fell[-/e$ & ! *>iote] oppose him ) ! argum5ts ( %ame & reason4 ,aft] ?is _! happ9ess dep5ds ^u _! self-control2 if ! bett] elem5ts ( ! m9d :i* lead to ord] & philosophy prevail1 !n !y pass _! life "h 9 happ9ess & h>mony--ma/]s ( !mselves & ord]ly--enslav+ ! vici\s & emancipat+ ! virtu\s elem5ts ( ! s\l2 & :5 ! end comes1 !y are light & w+$ = flight1 hav+ conqu]$ 9 "o ( ! ?ree heav5ly or truly ,olympian victories2 nor c human discipl9e or div9e inspiration conf] any great] bless+ on man ?an ?is4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 !y leave philosophy & lead ! l[] life ( ambition1 !n probably1 aft] w9e or 9 "s o!r c>eless h\r1 ! two wanton animals take ! two s\ls :5 (f _! gu>d & br+ !m toge!r1 & !y accompli% t desire ( _! he>ts :i* to ! _m is bliss2 & ?is hav+ once enjoy$ !y cont9ue to enjoy1 yet r>ely because !y h n ! approval ( ! :ole s\l4 ,!y too are de>1 b n s de> to "o ano!r z ! o!rs1 ei!r at ! "t ( _! love or aft]w>ds4 ,!y consid] t !y h giv5 & tak5 f ea* o!r ! mo/ sacr$ pl$ges1 & !y may n break !m & fall into enmity4 ,at la/ !y pass out ( ! body1 unw+$1 b eag] to so>1 & ?us obta9 no mean rew>d ( love & madness4 ,= ^? :o h once begun ! heav5w>d pilgrimage may n g d[n aga9 to d>kness & ! j\rney b5ea? ! e>?1 b !y live 9 light always2 happy companions 9 _! pilgrimage1 & :5 ! "t comes at :i* !y receive _! w+s !y h ! same plumage because ( _! love4 ,?us great are ! heav5ly bless+s :i* ! fri5d%ip ( a lov] w conf] ^u y1 my y\?4 ,:]eas ! atta*m5t ( ! non-lov]1 :i* is alloy$ ) a worldly prud5ce & has worldly & nigg>dly ways ( dol+ out b5efits1 w bre$ 9 y\r s\l ^? vulg> qualities :i* ! populace applaud1 w s5d y b[l+ r\nd ! e>? dur+ a p]iod ( n9e ?\s& ye>s1 & leave y a fool 9 ! _w bel[4 ,& ?us1 de> ,eros1 ,i h made & paid my recantation1 z well & z fairly z ,i c\ld2 m especially 9 ! matt] ( ! poetical figures :i* ,i 0 compell$ to use1 because ,pha$rus w\ld h !m4 ,& n[ =give ! pa/ & accept ! pres5t1 & be graci\s & m]ciful to me1 & d n 9 ?9e ang] deprive me ( sight1 or take f me ! art ( love :i* ?\ ha/ giv5 me1 b grant t ,i may be yet m e/eem$ 9 ! eyes ( ! fair4 ,& if ,pha$rus or ,i myself said any?+ rude 9 our fir/ spee*es1 blame ,lysias1 :o is ! fa!r ( ! brat1 & let u h no m ( 8 prog5y2 bid him /udy philosophy1 l 8 bro!r ,polem>*us2 & !n 8 lov] ,pha$rus w no long] halt betwe5 two op9ions1 b w d$icate himself :olly to love & to philosophical disc\rses4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i jo9 9 ! pray]1 ,socrates1 & say ) y1 if ?is be = my good1 may y\r words come to pass4 ,b :y did y make y\r second oration s mu* f9] ?an ! fir/8 ,i wond] :y4 ,& ,i beg9 to be afraid t ,i %all lose conceit ( ,lysias1 & t he w appe> tame 9 comp>ison1 ev5 if he be will+ to put ano!r z f9e & z long z y\rs into ! field1 :i* ,i d\bt4 ,= q lately "o ( y\r politicians 0 abus+ him on ?is v acc\nt2 & call$ him a 'spee* writ]' aga9 & aga94 ,s t a feel+ ( pride may probably induce him to give up writ+ spee*es4 ,,socrates3 ,:at a v amus+ notion6 ,b ,i ?9k1 my "y man1 t y are mu* mi/ak5 9 y\r fri5d if y imag9e t he is fright5$ at a little noise2 &1 possibly1 y ?9k t 8 assailant 0 9 e>ne/8 ,,pha$rus3 ,i ?\ght1 ,socrates1 t he 04 ,& y are aw>e t ! greate/ & mo/ influ5tial /atesm5 are a%am$ ( writ+ spee*es & leav+ !m 9 a writt5 =m1 le/ !y %\ld be call$ ,sophi/s by po/]ity4 ,,socrates3 ,y seem to be unconsci\s1 ,pha$rus1 t ! 'sweet elb[' 7,a prov]b1 l '! grapes are s\r1' appli$ to pleasures :i* _c be _h1 mean+ sweet ?+s :i*1 l ! elb[1 are out ( ! rea* ( ! m\?4 ,! promis$ pleasure turns out to be a long & t$i\s affair47 ( ! prov]b is really ! long arm ( ! ,nile4 ,& y appe> to be equally unaw>e ( ! fact t ?is sweet elb[ ( !irs is also a long arm4 ,= !re is no?+ ( :i* our great politicians are s fond z ( writ+ spee*es & bequea?+ !m to po/]ity4 ,& !y add _! admir]s' names at ! top ( ! writ+1 out ( gratitude to !m4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at d y mean8 ,i d n und]/&4 ,,socrates3 ,:y1 d y n "k t :5 a politician writes1 he beg9s ) ! names ( 8 approv]s8 ,,pha$rus3 ,h[ s8 ,,socrates3 ,:y1 he beg9s 9 ?is mann]3 ',be x enact$ by ! s5ate1 ! p1 or bo?1 on ! motion ( a c]ta9 p]son1' :o is our au?or2 & s putt+ on a s]i\s face1 he proce$s to display 8 own wisdom to 8 admir]s 9 :at is (t5 a long & t$i\s composition4 ,n[ :at is t sort ( ?+ b a regul> piece ( au?or%ip8 ,,pha$rus3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,& if ! law is f9ally approv$1 !n ! au?or leaves ! !atre 9 high delight2 b if ! law is reject$ & he is done out ( 8 spee*-mak+1 & n ?\ght good en\gh to write1 !n he & 8 p>ty are 9 m\rn+4 ,,pha$rus3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,s f> are !y f despis+1 or r s highly d !y value ! practice ( writ+4 ,,pha$rus3 ,no d\bt4 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 ! k+ or orator has ! p[]1 z ,lycurgus or ,solon or ,d>ius _h1 ( atta9+ an immortality or au?or%ip 9 a /ate1 is he n ?\ght by po/]ity1 :5 !y see 8 compositions1 & does he n ?9k himself1 :ile he is yet alive1 to be a god8 ,,pha$rus3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,!n d y ?9k t any "o ( ?is class1 h[ev] ill-dispos$1 w\ld reproa* ,lysias ) be+ an au?or8 ,,pha$rus3 ,n ^u y\r view2 = accord+ to y he w\ld be ca/+ a slur ^u 8 own fav\rite pursuit4 ,,socrates3 ,any "o may see t !re is no disgrace 9 ! m]e fact ( writ+4 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,! disgrace beg9s :5 a man writes n well1 b badly4 ,,pha$rus3 ,cle>ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at is well & :at is badly--ne$ we ask ,lysias1 or any o!r poet or orator1 :o ev] wrote or w write ei!r a political or any o!r "w1 9 metre or out ( metre1 poet or prose writ]1 to tea* u ?is8 ,,pha$rus3 ,ne$ we8 ,= :at %\ld a man live if n = ! pleasures ( disc\rse8 ,surely n = ! sake ( bodily pleasures1 :i* almo/ always h previ\s pa9 z a condition ( !m1 & !re=e are rightly call$ slavi%4 ,,socrates3 ,!re is "t en\gh4 ,& ,i believe t ! gras%opp]s *irrup+ aft] _! mann] 9 ! heat ( ! sun ov] our heads are talk+ to "o ano!r & look+ d[n at u4 ,:at w\ld !y say if !y saw t we1 l ! _m1 are n conv]s+1 b slumb]+ at mid-day1 lull$ by _! voices1 too indol5t to ?9k8 ,w\ld !y n h a "r to laugh at u8 ,!y might imag9e t we 7 slaves1 :o1 com+ to re/ at a place ( resort ( !irs1 l %eep lie asleep at noon ar\nd ! well4 ,b if !y see u disc\rs+1 & l ,odysseus sail+ pa/ !m1 deaf to _! sir5 voices1 !y may p]haps1 out ( respect1 give u ( ! gifts :i* !y receive f ! gods t !y may imp>t !m to m54 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at gifts d y mean8 ,i nev] he>d ( any4 ,,socrates3 ,a lov] ( music l y\rself ought surely to h he>d ! /ory ( ! gras%opp]s1 :o are said to h be5 human be+s 9 an age be=e ! ,muses4 ,& :5 ! ,muses came & song appe>$ !y 7 ravi%$ ) delight2 & s++ always1 nev] ?\ght ( eat+ & dr9k+1 until at la/ 9 _! =getfulness !y di$4 ,& n[ !y live aga9 9 ! gras%opp]s2 & ?is is ! return :i* ! ,muses make to !m--!y nei!r hung]1 nor ?ir/1 b f ! h\r ( _! bir? are always s++1 & nev] eat+ or dr9k+2 & :5 !y die !y g & in=m ! ,muses 9 heav5 :o hon\rs !m on e>?4 ,!y w9 ! love ( ,t]psi*ore = ! danc]s by _! report ( !m2 ( ,erato = ! lov]s1 & ( ! o!r ,muses = ^? :o d !m hon\r1 accord+ to ! sev]al ways ( hon\r+ !m2--( ,calliope ! elde/ ,muse & ( ,urania :o is next to h]1 = ! philosoph]s1 ( ^: music ! gras%opp]s make report to !m2 = ^! are ! ,muses :o are *iefly conc]n$ ) heav5 & ?\ght1 div9e z well z human1 & !y h ! sweete/ utt]ance4 ,= _m reasons1 !n1 we ought always to talk & n to sleep at mid-day4 ,,pha$rus3 ,let u talk4 ,,socrates3 ,%all we discuss ! rules ( writ+ & spee* z we 7 propos+8 ,,pha$rus3 ,v good4 ,,socrates3 ,9 good speak+ %\ld n ! m9d ( ! speak] "k ! tru? ( ! matt] ab\t :i* he is go+ to speak8 ,,pha$rus3 ,& yet1 ,socrates1 ,i h he>d t he :o w\ld be an orator has no?+ to d ) true ju/ice1 b only ) t :i* is likely to be approv$ by ! _m :o sit 9 judgm5t2 nor ) ! truly good or hon\rable1 b only ) op9ion ab\t !m1 & t f op9ion comes p]suasion1 & n f ! tru?4 ,,socrates3 ,! words ( ! wise are n to be set aside2 = !re is probably some?+ 9 !m2 & !re=e ! mean+ ( ?is say+ is n ha/ily to be dismiss$4 ,,pha$rus3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,let u put ! matt] ?us3--,suppose t ,i p]suad$ y to buy a horse & g to ! w>s4 ,nei!r ( u knew :at a horse 0 l1 b ,i knew t y believ$ a horse to be ( tame animals ! "o :i* has ! longe/ e>s4 ,,pha$rus3 ,t w\ld be ridicul\s4 ,,socrates3 ,!re is some?+ m ridicul\s com+3--,suppose1 fur!r1 t 9 sob] e>ne/ ,i1 hav+ p]suad$ y ( ?is1 w5t & compos$ a spee* 9 hon\r ( an ass1 :om ,i entitl$ a horse beg9n+3 ',a noble animal & a mo/ useful possession1 especially 9 w>1 & y may get on 8 back & fight1 & he w c>ry baggage or any?+4' ,,pha$rus3 ,h[ ridicul\s6 ,,socrates3 ,ridicul\s6 ,yes2 b is n ev5 a ridicul\s fri5d bett] ?an a cunn+ enemy8 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 ! orator in/ead ( putt+ an ass 9 ! place ( a horse1 puts good = evil1 be+ himself z ignorant ( _! true nature z ! city on :i* he imposes is ignorant2 & hav+ /udi$ ! notions ( ! multitude1 falsely p]suades !m n ab\t '! %ad[ ( an ass1' :i* he conf\nds ) a horse1 b ab\t good :i* he conf\nds ) evil1--:at w be ! h>ve/ :i* rhetoric w be likely to ga!r aft] ! s[+ ( t se$8 ,,pha$rus3 ,! rev]se ( good4 ,,socrates3 ,b p]haps rhetoric has be5 gett+ too r\ghly h&l$ by u1 & %e might answ]3 ,:at amaz+ nons5se y are talk+6 ,z if ,i =c$ any man to le>n to speak 9 ignorance ( ! tru?6 ,:atev] my advice may be wor?1 ,i %\ld h told him to arrive at ! tru? fir/1 & !n come to me4 ,at ! same "t ,i boldly ass]t t m]e k ( ! tru? w n give y ! art ( p]suasion4 ,,pha$rus3 ,!re is reason 9 ! lady's def5ce ( h]self4 ,,socrates3 ,q true2 if only ! o!r argum5ts :i* rema9 to be br\ght up be> h] witness t %e is an art at all4 ,b ,i seem to he> !m array+ !mselves on ! opposite side1 decl>+ t %e speaks falsely1 & t rhetoric is a m]e r\t9e & trick1 n an art4 ,lo6 a ,sp>tan appe>s1 & says t !re nev] is nor ev] w be a real art ( speak+ :i* is divorc$ f ! tru?4 ,,pha$rus3 ,& :at are ^! argum5ts1 ,socrates8 ,br+ !m out t we may exam9e !m4 ,,socrates3 ,come out1 fair *ildr51 & conv9ce ,pha$rus1 :o is ! fa!r ( simil> beauties1 t he w nev] be able to speak ab\t any?+ z he ought to speak unless he h a k ( philosophy4 ,& let ,pha$rus answ] y4 ,,pha$rus3 ,put ! "q4 ,,socrates3 ,is n rhetoric1 tak5 g5]ally1 a univ]sal art ( en*ant+ ! m9d by argum5ts2 :i* is practis$ n only 9 c\rts & public assemblies1 b 9 private h\ses also1 hav+ to d ) all matt]s1 great z well z small1 good & bad alike1 & is 9 all equally "r1 & equally to be e/eem$--t is :at y h he>d8 ,,pha$rus3 ,nay1 n exactly t2 ,i %\ld say r t ,i h he>d ! art conf9$ to speak+ & writ+ 9 lawsuits1 & to speak+ 9 public assemblies--n ext5d$ f>!r4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ,i suppose t y h only he>d ( ! rhetoric ( ,ne/or & ,odysseus1 :i* !y compos$ 9 _! leisure h\rs :5 at ,troy1 & nev] ( ! rhetoric ( ,palam$es8 ,,pha$rus3 ,no m ?an ( ,ne/or & ,odysseus1 unless ,gorgias is y\r ,ne/or1 & ,?rasyma*us or ,!odorus y\r ,odysseus4 ,,socrates3 ,p]haps t is my mean+4 ,b let u leave !m4 ,& d y tell me1 in/ead1 :at are pla9tiff & def5dant do+ 9 a law c\rt--are !y n cont5d+8 ,,pha$rus3 ,exactly s4 ,,socrates3 ,ab\t ! j & unju/--t is ! matt] 9 dispute8 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& a pr(essor ( ! art w make ! same ?+ appe> to ! same p]sons to be at "o "t j1 at ano!r "t1 if he is s incl9$1 to be unju/8 ,,pha$rus3 ,exactly4 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 he speaks 9 ! assembly1 he w make ! same ?+s seem good to ! city at "o "t1 & at ano!r "t ! rev]se ( good8 ,,pha$rus3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,h we n he>d ( ! ,eleatic ,palam$es 7,z5o71 :o has an art ( speak+ by :i* he makes ! same ?+s appe> to 8 he>]s l & unlike1 "o & _m1 at re/ & 9 motion8 ,,pha$rus3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,! art ( disputation1 !n1 is n conf9$ to ! c\rts & ! assembly1 b is "o & ! same 9 e use ( language2 ?is is ! art1 if !re be su* an art1 :i* is able to f9d a lik5ess ( ev]y?+ to :i* a lik5ess c be f\nd1 & draws into ! light ( day ! lik5esses & disguises :i* are us$ by o!rs8 ,,pha$rus3 ,h[ d y mean8 ,,socrates3 ,let me put ! matt] ?us3 ,:5 w !re be m *ance ( deception--:5 ! diff]5ce is l>ge or small8 ,,pha$rus3 ,:5 ! diff]5ce is small4 ,,socrates3 ,& y w be less likely to be discov]$ 9 pass+ by degrees into ! o!r extreme ?an :5 y g all at once8 ,,pha$rus3 ,( c\rse4 ,,socrates3 ,he1 !n1 :o w\ld deceive o!rs1 & n be deceiv$1 mu/ exactly "k ! real lik5esses & diff]5ces ( ?+s8 ,,pha$rus3 ,he mu/4 ,,socrates3 ,& if he is ignorant ( ! true nature ( any subject1 h[ c he detect ! great] or less degree ( lik5ess 9 o!r ?+s to t ( :i* by ! hypo!sis he is ignorant8 ,,pha$rus3 ,he _c4 ,,socrates3 ,& :5 m5 are deceiv$ & _! notions are at v>iance ) realities1 x is cle> t ! error slips 9 ?r\gh resemblances8 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 t is ! way4 ,,socrates3 ,!n he :o w\ld be a ma/] ( ! art mu/ und]/& ! real nature ( ev]y?+2 or he w nev] "k ei!r h[ to make ! gradual dep>ture f tru? into ! opposite ( tru? :i* is effect$ by ! help ( resemblances1 or h[ to avoid x8 ,,pha$rus3 ,he w n4 ,,socrates3 ,he !n1 :o be+ ignorant ( ! tru? aims at appe>ances1 w only atta9 an art ( rhetoric :i* is ridicul\s & is n an art at all8 ,,pha$rus3 ,t may be expect$4 ,,socrates3 ,%all ,i propose t we look = examples ( art & want ( art1 accord+ to our notion ( !m1 9 ! spee* ( ,lysias :i* y h 9 y\r h&1 & 9 my own spee*8 ,,pha$rus3 ,no?+ c\ld be bett]2 & inde$ ,i ?9k t our previ\s argum5t has be5 too ab/ract & want+ 9 illu/rations4 ,,socrates3 ,yes2 & ! two spee*es happ5 to af=d a v good example ( ! way 9 :i* ! speak] :o kn[s ! tru? may1 )\t any s]i\s purpose1 /eal away ! he>ts ( 8 he>]s4 ,?is piece ( good-=tune ,i attribute to ! local deities2 &1 p]haps1 ! prophets ( ! ,muses :o are s++ ov] our heads may h imp>t$ _! inspiration to me4 ,= ,i d n imag9e t ,i h any rhetorical art ( my own4 ,,pha$rus3 ,grant$2 if y w only please to get on4 ,,socrates3 ,suppose t y read me ! fir/ words ( ,lysias' spee*4 ,,pha$rus3 ',y "k h[ matt]s /& ) me1 & h[1 z ,i conceive1 !y might be arrang$ = our common int]e/2 & ,i ma9ta9 t ,i ought n to fail 9 my suit1 because ,i am n y\r lov]4 ,= lov]s rep5t--' ,,socrates3 ,en\gh3--,n[1 %all ,i po9t out ! rhetorical error ( ^? words8 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,e "o is aw>e t ab\t "s ?+s we are agre$1 :]eas ab\t o!r ?+s we diff]4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i ?9k t ,i und]/& y2 b w y expla9 y\rself8 ,,socrates3 ,:5 any "o speaks ( iron & silv]1 is n ! same ?+ pres5t 9 ! m9ds ( all8 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,b :5 any "o speaks ( ju/ice & goodness we "p company & are at odds ) "o ano!r & ) ourselves8 ,,pha$rus3 ,precisely4 ,,socrates3 ,!n 9 "s ?+s we agree1 b n 9 o!rs8 ,,pha$rus3 ,t is true4 ,,socrates3 ,9 :i* are we m likely to be deceiv$1 & 9 :i* has rhetoric ! great] p[]8 ,,pha$rus3 ,cle>ly1 9 ! unc]ta9 class4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ! rhetorician ought to make a regul> division1 & acquire a di/9ct notion ( bo? classes1 z well ( t 9 :i* ! _m err1 z ( t 9 :i* !y d n err8 ,,pha$rus3 ,he :o made su* a di/9ction w\ld h an excell5t pr9ciple4 ,,socrates3 ,yes2 & 9 ! next place he mu/ h a ke5 eye = ! obs]vation ( p>ticul>s 9 speak+1 & n make a mi/ake ab\t ! class to :i* !y are to be ref]r$4 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,n[ to :i* class does love belong--to ! debatable or to ! undisput$ class8 ,,pha$rus3 ,to ! debatable1 cle>ly2 = if n1 d y ?9k t love w\ld h all[$ y to say z y did1 t he is an evil bo? to ! lov] & ! belov$1 & also ! greate/ possible good8 ,,socrates3 ,capital4 ,b w y tell me :e!r ,i def9$ love at ! beg9n+ ( my spee*8 =1 hav+ be5 9 an ec/asy1 ,i _c well rememb]4 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 inde$2 t y did1 & no mi/ake4 ,,socrates3 ,!n ,i p]ceive t ! ,nymphs ( ,a*el\s & ,pan ! son ( ,h]mes1 :o inspir$ me1 7 f> bett] rhetoricians ?an ,lysias ! son ( ,cephalus4 ,alas6 h[ inf]ior to !m he is6 ,b p]haps ,i am mi/ak52 & ,lysias at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 lov]'s spee* did insi/ on our suppos+ love to be some?+ or o!r :i* he fanci$ him to be1 & accord+ to ?is model he fa%ion$ & fram$ ! rema9d] ( 8 disc\rse4 ,suppose we read 8 beg9n+ ov] aga93 ,,pha$rus3 ,if y please2 b y w n f9d :at y want4 ,,socrates3 ,read1 t ,i may h 8 exact words4 ,,pha$rus3 ',y "k h[ matt]s /& ) me1 & h[1 z ,i conceive1 !y might be arrang$ = our common int]e/2 & ,i ma9ta9 ,i ought n to fail 9 my suit because ,i am n y\r lov]1 = lov]s rep5t ( ! k9dnesses :i* !y h %[n1 :5 _! love is ov]4' ,,socrates3 ,"h he appe>s to h done j ! rev]se ( :at he ought2 = he has begun at ! end1 & is swimm+ on 8 back ?r\gh ! flood to ! place ( />t+4 ,8 address to ! fair y\? beg9s :]e ! lov] w\ld h end$4 ,am ,i n "r1 sweet ,pha$rus8 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 inde$1 ,socrates2 he does beg9 at ! end4 ,,socrates3 ,!n z to ! o!r topics--are !y n ?r[n d[n anyh[8 ,is !re any pr9ciple 9 !m8 ,:y %\ld ! next topic foll[ next 9 ord]1 or any o!r topic8 ,i _c help fancy+ 9 my ignorance t he wrote (f boldly j :at came into 8 head1 b ,i d>e say t y w\ld recognize a rhetorical necessity 9 ! succession ( ! sev]al p>ts ( ! composition8 ,,pha$rus3 ,y h too good an op9ion ( me if y ?9k t ,i h any su* insight into 8 pr9ciples ( composition4 ,,socrates3 ,at any rate1 y w all[ t e disc\rse ought to be a liv+ creature1 hav+ a body ( its own & a head & feet2 !re %\ld be a middle1 beg9n+1 & end1 adapt$ to "o ano!r & to ! :ole8 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,c ?is be said ( ! disc\rse ( ,lysias8 ,see :e!r y c f9d any m connexion 9 8 words ?an 9 ! epitaph :i* is said by "s to h be5 inscrib$ on ! grave ( ,midas ! ,phrygian4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at is !re rem>kable 9 ! epitaph8 ,,socrates3 ,x is z foll[s3-- ',i am a maid5 ( bronze & lie on ! tomb ( ,midas2 ,s long z wat] fl[s & tall trees gr[1 ,s long "h on ?is spot by 8 sad tomb abid+1 ,i %all decl>e to pass]s-by t ,midas sleeps bel[4' ,n[ 9 ?is rhyme :e!r a l9e comes fir/ or comes la/1 z y w p]ceive1 makes no diff]5ce4 ,,pha$rus3 ,y are mak+ fun ( t oration ( ours4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 ,i w say no m ab\t y\r fri5d's spee* le/ ,i %\ld give (f5ce to y2 al?\gh ,i ?9k t x might furni% _m o!r examples ( :at a man ought r to avoid4 ,b ,i w proce$ to ! o!r spee*1 :i*1 z ,i ?9k1 is also sugge/ive to /ud5ts ( rhetoric4 ,,pha$rus3 ,9 :at way8 ,,socrates3 ,! two spee*es1 z y may rememb]1 7 unlike2 ! "o argu$ t ! lov] & ! o!r t ! non-lov] ought to be accept$4 ,,pha$rus3 ,& "r manfully4 ,,socrates3 ,y %\ld r say 'madly2' & madness 0 ! argum5t ( !m1 =1 z ,i said1 'love is a madness4' ,,pha$rus3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& ( madness !re 7 two k9ds2 "o produc$ by human infirmity1 ! o!r 0 a div9e release ( ! s\l f ! yoke ( cu/om & conv5tion4 ,,pha$rus3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,! div9e madness 0 subdivid$ into f\r k9ds1 prophetic1 initiatory1 poetic1 erotic1 hav+ f\r gods presid+ ov] !m2 ! fir/ 0 ! inspiration ( ,apollo1 ! second t ( ,dionysus1 ! ?ird t ( ! ,muses1 ! f\r? t ( ,aphrodite & ,eros4 ,9 ! description ( ! la/ k9d ( madness1 :i* 0 also said to be ! be/1 we spoke ( ! affection ( love 9 a figure1 into :i* we introduc$ a tol]ably cr$ible & possibly true ?\gh p>tly err+ my?1 :i* 0 also a hymn 9 hon\r ( ,love1 :o is y\r "l & also m9e1 ,pha$rus1 & ! gu>dian ( fair *ildr51 & to him we sung ! hymn 9 measur$ & solemn /ra94 ,,pha$rus3 ,i "k t ,i _h great pleasure 9 li/5+ to y4 ,,socrates3 ,let u take ?is in/ance & note h[ ! transition 0 made f blame to praise4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at d y mean8 ,,socrates3 ,i mean to say t ! composition 0 mo/ly playful4 ,yet 9 ^! *ance fancies ( ! h\r 7 involv$ two pr9ciples ( :i* we %\ld be too glad to h a cle>] description if art c\ld give u "o4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at are !y8 ,,socrates3 ,fir/1 ! compreh5sion ( scatt]$ p>ticul>s 9 "o idea2 z 9 our def9ition ( love1 :i* :e!r true or false c]ta9ly gave cle>ness & consi/5cy to ! disc\rse1 ! speak] %\ld def9e 8 sev]al notions & s make 8 mean+ cle>4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at is ! o!r pr9ciple1 ,socrates8 ,,socrates3 ,! second pr9ciple is t ( division into species accord+ to ! natural =mation1 :]e ! jo9t is1 n break+ any "p z a bad c>v] might4 ,j z our two disc\rses1 alike assum$1 fir/ ( all1 a s+le =m ( unreason2 & !n1 z ! body :i* f be+ "o becomes d\ble & may be divid$ into a left side & "r side1 ea* hav+ p>ts "r & left ( ! same "n--aft] ?is mann] ! speak] proce$$ to divide ! p>ts ( ! left side & did n desi/ until he f\nd 9 !m an evil or left-h&$ love :i* he ju/ly revil$2 & ! o!r disc\rse lead+ u to ! madness :i* lay on ! "r side1 f\nd ano!r love1 also hav+ ! same "n1 b div9e1 :i* ! speak] held up be=e u & applaud$ & affirm$ to be ! au?or ( ! greate/ b5efits4 ,,pha$rus3 ,mo/ true4 ,,socrates3 ,i am myself a great lov] ( ^! processes ( division & g5]alization2 !y help me to speak & to ?9k4 ,& if ,i f9d any man :o is able to see 'a ,"o & ,_m' 9 nature1 him ,i foll[1 & 'walk 9 8 foot/eps z if he 7 a god4' ,& ^? :o h ?is art1 ,i h hi!rto be5 9 ! habit ( call+ dialecticians2 b ,god kn[s :e!r ! "n is "r or n4 ,& ,i %\ld l to "k :at "n y w\ld give to y\r or to ,lysias' disciples1 & :e!r ?is may n be t fam\s art ( rhetoric :i* ,?rasyma*us & o!rs tea* & practise8 ,skilful speak]s !y are1 & imp>t _! skill to any :o is will+ to make k+s ( !m & to br+ gifts to !m4 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 !y are royal m52 b _! art is n ! same ) ! art ( ^? :om y call1 & rightly1 9 my op9ion1 dialecticians3--,/ill we are 9 ! d>k ab\t rhetoric4 ,,socrates3 ,:at d y mean8 ,! rema9s ( x1 if !re be any?+ rema9+ :i* c be br\ght "u rules ( art1 mu/ be a f9e ?+2 &1 at any rate1 is n to be despis$ by y & me4 ,b h[ mu* is left8 ,,pha$rus3 ,!re is a great deal surely to be f\nd 9 books ( rhetoric8 ,,socrates3 ,yes2 ?ank y = rem9d+ me3--,!re is ! exordium1 %[+ h[ ! spee* %\ld beg91 if ,i rememb] rightly2 t is :at y mean--! niceties ( ! art8 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n foll[s ! /atem5t ( facts1 & ^u t witnesses2 ?irdly1 pro(s2 f\r?ly1 probabilities are to come2 ! great ,byzantian ^w-mak] also speaks1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 ( confirmation & fur!r confirmation4 ,,pha$rus3 ,y mean ! excell5t ,!odorus4 ,,socrates3 ,yes2 & he tells h[ refutation or fur!r refutation is to be manag$1 :e!r 9 accusation or def5ce4 ,i ought also to m5tion ! illu/ri\s ,p>ian1 ,ev5us1 :o fir/ inv5t$ ins9uations & indirect praises2 & also indirect c5sures1 :i* accord+ to "s he put into v]se to help ! memory4 ,b %all ,i 'to dumb =getfulness consign' ,tisias & ,gorgias1 :o are n ignorant t probability is sup]ior to tru?1 & :o by =ce ( argum5t make ! little appe> great & ! great little1 disguise ! new 9 old fa%ions & ! old 9 new fa%ions1 & h discov]$ =ms = ev]y?+1 ei!r %ort or go+ on to inf9ity4 ,i rememb] ,prodicus laugh+ :5 ,i told him ( ?is2 he said t he _h himself discov]$ ! true rule ( art1 :i* 0 to be nei!r long nor %ort1 b ( a conv5i5t l5g?4 ,,pha$rus3 ,well done1 ,prodicus6 ,,socrates3 ,!n !re is ,hippias ! ,elean /rang]1 :o probably agrees ) him4 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& !re is also ,polus1 :o has treasuries ( diplasiology1 & gnomology1 & eikonology1 & :o tea*es 9 !m ! names ( :i* ,licymnius made him a pres5t2 !y 7 to give a poli%4 ,,pha$rus3 ,_h n ,protagoras some?+ ( ! same sort8 ,,socrates3 ,yes1 rules ( correct diction & _m o!r f9e precepts2 = ! 'sorr[s ( a poor old man1' or any o!r pa!tic case1 no "o is bett] ?an ! ,*alc$onian giant2 he c put a :ole company ( p into a passion & out ( "o aga9 by 8 mighty magic1 & is fir/-rate at inv5t+ or dispos+ ( any sort ( calumny on any gr\nds or none4 ,all ( !m agree 9 ass]t+ t a spee* %\ld end 9 a recapitulation1 ?\gh !y d n all agree to use ! same ^w4 ,,pha$rus3 ,y mean t !re %\ld be a summ+ up ( ! argum5ts 9 ord] to rem9d ! he>]s ( !m4 ,,socrates3 ,i h n[ said all t ,i h to say ( ! art ( rhetoric3 h y any?+ to add8 ,,pha$rus3 ,n mu*2 no?+ v important4 ,,socrates3 ,leave ! unimportant & let u br+ ! really important "q into ! light ( day1 :i* is3 ,:at p[] has ?is art ( rhetoric1 & :58 ,,pha$rus3 ,a v great p[] 9 public meet+s4 ,,socrates3 ,x has4 ,b ,i %\ld l to "k :e!r y h ! same feel+ z ,i h ab\t ! rhetoricians8 ,to me !re seem to be a great _m holes 9 _! web4 ,,pha$rus3 ,give an example4 ,,socrates3 ,i w4 ,suppose a p]son to come to y\r fri5d ,eryxima*us1 or to 8 fa!r ,acum5us1 & to say to him3 ',i "k h[ to apply drugs :i* %all h ei!r a heat+ or a cool+ effect1 & ,i c give a vomit & also a purge1 & all t sort ( ?+2 & kn[+ all ?is1 z ,i d1 ,i claim to be a physician & to make physicians by imp>t+ ?is k to o!rs1'--:at d y suppose t !y w\ld say8 ,,pha$rus3 ,!y w\ld be sure to ask him :e!r he knew 'to :om' he w\ld give 8 m$ic9es1 & ':51' & 'h[ mu*4' ,,socrates3 ,& suppose t he 7 to reply3 ',no2 ,i "k no?+ ( all t2 ,i expect ! pati5t :o consults me to be able to d ^! ?+s = himself'8 ,,pha$rus3 ,!y w\ld say 9 reply t he is a madman or a p$ant :o fancies t he is a physician because he has read some?+ 9 a book1 or has /umbl$ on a prescription or two1 al?\gh he has no real und]/&+ ( ! art ( m$ic9e4 ,,socrates3 ,& suppose a p]son 7 to come to ,sophocles or ,euripides & say t he kn[s h[ to make a v long spee* ab\t a small matt]1 & a %ort spee* ab\t a great matt]1 & also a sorr[ful spee*1 or a t]rible1 or ?reat5+ spee*1 or any o!r k9d ( spee*1 & 9 tea*+ ?is fancies t he is tea*+ ! art ( trag$y--8 ,,pha$rus3 ,!y too w\ld surely laugh at him if he fancies t trag$y is any?+ b ! arrang+ ( ^! elem5ts 9 a mann] :i* w be suitable to "o ano!r & to ! :ole4 ,,socrates3 ,b ,i d n suppose t !y w\ld be rude or abusive to him3 ,w\ld !y n treat him z a musician a man :o ?9ks t he is a h>moni/ because he kn[s h[ to pit* ! highe/ & l[e/ note2 happ5+ to meet su* an "o he w\ld n say to him savagely1 ',fool1 y are mad6' ,b l a musician1 9 a g5tle & h>moni\s tone ( voice1 he w\ld answ]3 ',my good fri5d1 he :o w\ld be a h>moni/ mu/ c]ta9ly "k ?is1 & yet he may und]/& no?+ ( h>mony if he has n got beyond y\r /age ( k1 = y only "k ! prelim9>ies ( h>mony & n h>mony itself4' ,,pha$rus3 ,v true4 ,,socrates3 ,& w n ,sophocles say to ! display ( ! w\ld-be trag$ian1 t ?is is n trag$y b ! prelim9>ies ( trag$y8 & w n ,acum5us say ! same ( m$ic9e to ! w\ld-be physician8 ,,pha$rus3 ,q true4 ,,socrates3 ,& if ,adra/us ! melliflu\s or ,p]icles he>d ( ^! wond]ful arts1 bra*ylogies & eikonologies & all ! h>d names :i* we h be5 endeav\r+ to draw into ! light ( day1 :at w\ld !y say8 ,in/ead ( los+ temp] & apply+ uncomplim5t>y epi!ts1 z y & ,i h be5 do+1 to ! au?ors ( su* an imag9>y art1 _! sup]ior wisdom w\ld r c5sure u1 z well z !m4 ',h a little pati5ce1 ,pha$rus & ,socrates1 !y w\ld say2 y %\ld n be 9 su* a passion ) ^? :o f "s want ( dialectical skill are unable to def9e ! nature ( rhetoric1 & consequ5tly suppose t !y h f\nd ! art 9 ! prelim9>y conditions ( x1 & :5 ^! h be5 taught by !m to o!rs1 fancy t ! :ole art ( rhetoric has be5 taught by !m2 b z to us+ ! sev]al in/rum5ts ( ! art effectively1 or mak+ ! composition a :ole1--an application ( x su* z ?is is !y reg>d z an easy ?+ :i* _! disciples may make = !mselves4' ,,pha$rus3 ,i q admit1 ,socrates1 t ! art ( rhetoric :i* ^! m5 tea* & ( :i* !y write is su* z y describe--!re ,i agree ) y4 ,b ,i /ill want to "k :]e & h[ ! true art ( rhetoric & p]suasion is to be acquir$4 ,,socrates3 ,! p]fection :i* is requir$ ( ! f9i%$ orator is1 or r mu/ be1 l ! p]fection ( any?+ else2 p>tly giv5 by nature1 b may also be assi/$ by art4 ,if y h ! natural p[] & add to x k & practice1 y w be a di/+ui%$ speak]2 if y fall %ort 9 ei!r ( ^!1 y w be to t ext5t defective4 ,b ! art1 z f> z !re is an art1 ( rhetoric does n lie 9 ! direction ( ,lysias or ,?rasyma*us4 ,,pha$rus3 ,9 :at direction !n8 ,,socrates3 ,i conceive ,p]icles to h be5 ! mo/ accompli%$ ( rhetoricians4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at ( t8 ,,socrates3 ,all ! great arts require discussion & high speculation ab\t ! tru?s ( nature2 h5ce come l(t9ess ( ?\ght & complet5ess ( execution4 ,& ?is1 z ,i conceive1 0 ! quality :i*1 9 addition to 8 natural gifts1 ,p]icles acquir$ f 8 int]c\rse ) ,anaxagoras :om he happ5$ to "k4 ,he 0 ?us imbu$ ) ! high] philosophy1 & atta9$ ! k ( ,m9d & ! negative ( ,m9d1 :i* 7 fav\rite !mes ( ,anaxagoras1 & appli$ :at suit$ 8 purpose to ! art ( speak+4 ,,pha$rus3 ,expla94 ,,socrates3 ,rhetoric is l m$ic9e4 ,,pha$rus3 ,h[ s8 ,,socrates3 ,:y1 because m$ic9e has to def9e ! nature ( ! body & rhetoric ( ! s\l--if we w\ld proce$1 n empirically b sci5tifically1 9 ! "o case to imp>t heal? & /r5g? by giv+ m$ic9e & food1 9 ! o!r to implant ! conviction or virtue :i* y desire1 by ! "r application ( words & tra9+4 ,,pha$rus3 ,!re1 ,socrates1 ,i suspect t y are "r4 ,,socrates3 ,& d y ?9k t y c "k ! nature ( ! s\l intellig5tly )\t kn[+ ! nature ( ! :ole8 ,,pha$rus3 ,hippocrates ! ,asclepiad says t ! nature ev5 ( ! body c only be und]/ood z a :ole4 7,comp>e ,*>mides47 ,,socrates3 ,yes1 fri5d1 & he 0 "r3--/ill1 we ought n to be cont5t ) ! "n ( ,hippocrates1 b to exam9e & see :e!r 8 argum5t agrees ) 8 conception ( nature4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i agree4 ,,socrates3 ,!n consid] :at tru? z well z ,hippocrates says ab\t ?is or ab\t any o!r nature4 ,ought we n to consid] fir/ :e!r t :i* we wi% to le>n & to tea* is a simple or multi=m ?+1 & if simple1 !n to enquire :at p[] x has ( act+ or be+ act$ ^u 9 relation to o!r ?+s1 & if multi=m1 !n to numb] ! =ms2 & see fir/ 9 ! case ( "o ( !m1 & !n 9 ! case ( all ( !m1 :at is t p[] ( act+ or be+ act$ ^u :i* makes ea* & all ( !m to be :at !y are8 ,,pha$rus3 ,y may v likely be "r1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,! me?od :i* proce$s )\t analysis is l ! grop+ ( a bl9d man4 ,yet1 surely1 he :o is an arti/ ought n to admit ( a comp>ison ) ! bl9d1 or deaf4 ,! rhetorician1 :o tea*es 8 pupil to speak sci5tifically1 w p>ticul>ly set =? ! nature ( t be+ to :i* he addresses 8 spee*es2 & ?is1 ,i conceive1 to be ! s\l4 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,8 :ole ef=t is direct$ to ! s\l2 = 9 t he seeks to produce conviction4 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,!n cle>ly1 ,?rasyma*us or any "o else :o tea*es rhetoric 9 e>ne/ w give an exact description ( ! nature ( ! s\l2 :i* w enable u to see :e!r %e be s+le & same1 or1 l ! body1 multi=m4 ,t is :at we %\ld call %[+ ! nature ( ! s\l4 ,,pha$rus3 ,exactly4 ,,socrates3 ,he w expla91 secondly1 ! mode 9 :i* %e acts or is act$ ^u4 ,,pha$rus3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,?irdly1 hav+ classifi$ m5 & spee*es1 & _! k9ds & affections1 & adapt$ !m to "o ano!r1 he w tell ! reasons ( 8 arrangem5t1 & %[ :y "o s\l is p]suad$ by a p>ticul> =m ( argum5t1 & ano!r n4 ,,pha$rus3 ,y h hit ^u a v good way4 ,,socrates3 ,yes1 t is ! true & only way 9 :i* any subject c be set =? or treat$ by rules ( art1 :e!r 9 speak+ or writ+4 ,b ! writ]s ( ! pres5t day1 at ^: feet y h sat1 craftily conceal ! nature ( ! s\l :i* !y "k q well4 ,nor1 until !y adopt our me?od ( read+ & writ+1 c we admit t !y write by rules ( art8 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at is our me?od8 ,,socrates3 ,i _c give y ! exact details2 b ,i %\ld l to tell y g5]ally1 z f> z is 9 my p[]1 h[ a man ought to proce$ accord+ to rules ( art4 ,,pha$rus3 ,let me he>4 ,,socrates3 ,oratory is ! art ( en*ant+ ! s\l1 & !re=e he :o w\ld be an orator has to le>n ! diff]5ces ( human s\ls--!y are s _m & ( su* a nature1 & f !m come ! diff]5ces betwe5 man & man4 ,hav+ proce$$ ?us f> 9 8 analysis1 he w next divide spee*es into _! diff]5t classes3--',su* & su* p]sons1' he w say1 are affect$ by ?is or t k9d ( spee* 9 ?is or t way1' & he w tell y :y4 ,! pupil mu/ h a good !oretical notion ( !m fir/1 & !n he mu/ h exp]i5ce ( !m 9 actual life1 & be able to foll[ !m ) all 8 s5ses ab\t him1 or he w nev] get beyond ! precepts ( 8 ma/]s4 ,b :5 he und]/&s :at p]sons are p]suad$ by :at argum5ts1 & sees ! p]son ab\t :om he 0 speak+ 9 ! ab/ract actually be=e him1 & kn[s t x is he1 & c say to himself1 ',?is is ! man or ?is is ! "* :o ought to h a c]ta9 argum5t appli$ to him 9 ord] to conv9ce him ( a c]ta9 op9ion2'--he :o kn[s all ?is1 & kn[s also :5 he %\ld speak & :5 he %\ld refra91 & :5 he %\ld use pi?y say+s1 pa!tic appeals1 s5sational effects1 & all ! o!r modes ( spee* :i* he has le>n$2--:51 ,i say1 he kn[s ! times & seasons ( all ^! ?+s1 !n1 & n till !n1 he is a p]fect ma/] ( 8 art2 b if he fail 9 any ( ^! po9ts1 :e!r 9 speak+ or tea*+ or writ+ !m1 & yet decl>es t he speaks by rules ( art1 he :o says ',i don't believe y' has ! bett] ( him4 ,well1 ! tea*] w say1 is ?is1 ,pha$rus & ,socrates1 y\r acc\nt ( ! s-call$ art ( rhetoric1 or am ,i to look = ano!r8 ,,pha$rus3 ,he mu/ take ?is1 ,socrates1 = !re is no possibility ( ano!r1 & yet ! creation ( su* an art is n easy4 ,,socrates3 ,v true2 & !re=e let u consid] ?is matt] 9 e light1 & see :e!r we _c f9d a %ort] & easi] road2 !re is no use 9 tak+ a long r\gh r\ndab\t way if !re be a %ort] & easi] "o4 ,& ,i wi% t y w\ld try & rememb] :e!r y h he>d f ,lysias or any "o else any?+ :i* might be ( s]vice to u4 ,,pha$rus3 ,if try+ w\ld avail1 !n ,i might2 b at ! mom5t ,i c ?9k ( no?+4 ,,socrates3 ,suppose ,i tell y some?+ :i* somebody :o kn[s told me4 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,may n '! wolf1' z ! prov]b says1 'claim a he>+'8 ,,pha$rus3 ,d y say :at c be said = him4 ,,socrates3 ,he w argue t !re is no use 9 putt+ a solemn face on ^! matt]s1 or 9 go+ r\nd & r\nd1 until y arrive at fir/ pr9ciples2 =1 z ,i said at fir/1 :5 ! "q is ( ju/ice & good1 or is a "q 9 :i* m5 are conc]n$ :o are j & good1 ei!r by nature or habit1 he :o w\ld be a skilful rhetorician has no ne$ ( tru?--= t 9 c\rts ( law m5 lit]ally c>e no?+ ab\t tru?1 b only ab\t conviction3 & ?is is bas$ on probability1 to :i* he :o w\ld be a skilful orator %\ld !re=e give 8 :ole att5tion4 ,& !y say also t !re are cases 9 :i* ! actual facts1 if !y are improbable1 ought to be )held1 & only ! probabilities %\ld be told ei!r 9 accusation or def5ce1 & t always 9 speak+1 ! orator %\ld keep probability 9 view1 & say good-bye to ! tru?4 ,& ! obs]vance ( ?is pr9ciple ?r\gh\t a spee* furni%es ! :ole art4 ,,pha$rus3 ,t is :at ! pr(essors ( rhetoric d actually say1 ,socrates4 ,i h n =gott5 t we h q briefly t\*$ ^u ?is matt] already2 ) !m ! po9t is all-important4 ,,socrates3 ,i d>e say t y are famili> ) ,tisias4 ,does he n def9e probability to be t :i* ! _m ?9k8 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly1 he does4 ,,socrates3 ,i believe t he has a clev] & +5i\s case ( ?is sort3--,he supposes a feeble & valiant man to h assault$ a /rong & c[>dly "o1 & to h robb$ him ( 8 coat or ( some?+ or o!r2 he is br\ght into c\rt1 & !n ,tisias says t bo? p>ties %\ld tell lies3 ! c[>d %\ld say t he 0 assault$ by m m5 ?an "o2 ! o!r %\ld prove t !y 7 alone1 & %\ld argue ?us3 ',h[ c\ld a weak man l me h assault$ a /rong man l him8' ,! compla9ant w n l to confess 8 own c[>dice1 & w !re=e inv5t "s o!r lie :i* 8 adv]s>y w ?us ga9 an opportunity ( refut+4 ,& !re are o!r devices ( ! same k9d :i* h a place 9 ! sy/em4 ,am ,i n "r1 ,pha$rus8 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,bless me1 :at a wond]fully my/]i\s art is ?is :i* ,tisias or "s o!r g5tleman1 9 :atev] "n or c\ntry he rejoices1 has discov]$4 ,%all we say a ^w to him or n8 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at %all we say to him8 ,,socrates3 ,let u tell him t1 be=e he appe>$1 y & ,i 7 say+ t ! probability ( :i* he speaks 0 eng5d]$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! _m by ! lik5ess ( ! tru?1 & we _h j be5 affirm+ t he :o knew ! tru? w\ld always "k be/ h[ to discov] ! resemblances ( ! tru?4 ,if he has any?+ else to say ab\t ! art ( speak+ we %\ld l to he> him2 b if n1 we are satisfi$ ) our own view1 t unless a man e/imates ! v>i\s *>act]s ( 8 he>]s & is able to divide all ?+s into classes & to compreh5d !m "u s+le ideas1 he w nev] be a skilful rhetorician ev5 )9 ! limits ( human p[]4 ,& ?is skill he w n atta9 )\t a great deal ( tr\ble1 :i* a good man ought to und]go1 n = ! sake ( speak+ & act+ be=e m51 b 9 ord] t he may be able to say :at is acceptable to ,god & always to act acceptably to ,him z f> z 9 him lies2 = !re is a say+ ( wis] m5 ?an ourselves1 t a man ( s5se %\ld n try to please 8 fell[-s]vants 7at lea/ ?is %\ld n be 8 fir/ object7 b 8 good & noble ma/]s2 & !re=e if ! way is long & circuit\s1 m>vel n at ?is1 =1 :]e ! end is great1 !re we may take ! long] road1 b n = less] ends su* z y\rs4 ,truly1 ! argum5t may say1 ,tisias1 t if y d n m9d go+ s f>1 rhetoric has a fair beg9n+ "h4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i ?9k1 ,socrates1 t ?is is admirable1 if only practicable4 ,,socrates3 ,b ev5 to fail 9 an hon\rable object is hon\rable4 ,,pha$rus3 ,true4 ,,socrates3 ,en\gh appe>s to h be5 said by u ( a true & false art ( speak+4 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,b !re is some?+ yet to be said ( propriety & impropriety ( writ+4 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,d y "k h[ y c speak or act ab\t rhetoric 9 a mann] :i* w be acceptable to ,god8 ,,pha$rus3 ,no1 inde$4 ,d y8 ,,socrates3 ,i h he>d a tradition ( ! anci5ts1 :e!r true or n !y only "k2 al?\gh if we _h f\nd ! tru? ourselves1 d y ?9k t we %\ld c>e mu* ab\t ! op9ions ( m58 ,,pha$rus3 ,y\r "q ne$s no answ]2 b ,i wi% t y w\ld tell me :at y say t y h he>d4 ,,socrates3 ,at ! ,egyptian city ( ,naucratis1 !re 0 a fam\s old god1 ^: "n 0 ,!u?2 ! bird :i* is call$ ! ,ibis is sacr$ to him1 & he 0 ! inv5tor ( _m arts1 su* z ari?metic & calculation & geometry & a/ronomy & draughts & dice1 b 8 great discov]y 0 ! use ( lett]s4 ,n[ 9 ^? days ! god ,?amus 0 ! k+ ( ! :ole c\ntry ( ,egypt2 & he dwelt 9 t great city ( ,upp] ,egypt :i* ! ,hell5es call ,egyptian ,!bes1 & ! god himself is call$ by !m ,ammon4 ,to him came ,!u? & %[$ 8 inv5tions1 desir+ t ! o!r ,egyptians might be all[$ to h ! b5efit ( !m2 he enum]at$ !m1 & ,?amus enquir$ ab\t _! sev]al uses1 & prais$ "s ( !m & c5sur$ o!rs1 z he approv$ or disapprov$ ( !m4 ,x w\ld take a long "t to repeat all t ,?amus said to ,!u? 9 praise or blame ( ! v>i\s arts4 ,b :5 !y came to lett]s1 ,?is1 said ,!u?1 w make ! ,egyptians wis] & give !m bett] memories2 x is a specific bo? = ! memory & = ! wit4 ,?amus repli$3 ,o mo/ +5i\s ,!u?1 ! p>5t or inv5tor ( an art is n always ! be/ judge ( ! utility or inutility ( 8 own inv5tions to ! us]s ( !m4 ,& 9 ?is in/ance1 y :o are ! fa!r ( lett]s1 f a pat]nal love ( y\r own *ildr5 h be5 l$ to attribute to !m a quality :i* !y _c h2 = ?is discov]y ( y\rs w create =getfulness 9 ! le>n]s' s\ls1 because !y w n use _! memories2 !y w tru/ to ! ext]nal writt5 *>act]s & n rememb] ( !mselves4 ,! specific :i* y h discov]$ is an aid n to memory1 b to rem9isc5ce1 & y give y\r disciples n tru?1 b only ! semblance ( tru?2 !y w be he>]s ( _m ?+s & w h le>n$ no?+2 !y w appe> to be omnisci5t & w g5]ally "k no?+2 !y w be tiresome company1 hav+ ! %[ ( wisdom )\t ! reality4 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 ,socrates1 y c easily inv5t tales ( ,egypt1 or ( any o!r c\ntry4 ,,socrates3 ,!re 0 a tradition 9 ! temple ( ,dodona t oaks fir/ gave prophetic utt]ances4 ,! m5 ( old1 unlike 9 _! simplicity to "y philosophy1 deem$ t if !y he>d ! tru? ev5 f 'oak or rock1' x 0 en\gh = !m2 :]eas y seem to consid] n :e!r a ?+ is or is n true1 b :o ! speak] is & f :at c\ntry ! tale comes4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i ackn[l$ge ! ju/ice ( y\r rebuke2 & ,i ?9k t ! ,!ban is "r 9 8 view ab\t lett]s4 ,,socrates3 ,he w\ld be a v simple p]son1 & q a /rang] to ! oracles ( ,?amus or ,ammon1 :o %\ld leave 9 writ+ or receive 9 writ+ any art "u ! idea t ! writt5 ^w w\ld be intelligible or c]ta92 or :o deem$ t writ+ 0 at all bett] ?an k & recollection ( ! same matt]s8 ,,pha$rus3 ,t is mo/ true4 ,,socrates3 ,i _c help feel+1 ,pha$rus1 t writ+ is un=tunately l pa9t+2 = ! creations ( ! pa9t] h ! attitude ( life1 & yet if y ask !m a "q !y pres]ve a solemn sil5ce4 ,& ! same may be said ( spee*es4 ,y w\ld imag9e t !y _h intellig5ce1 b if y want to "k any?+ & put a "q to "o ( !m1 ! speak] always gives "o unv>y+ answ]4 ,& :5 !y h be5 once writt5 d[n !y are tumbl$ ab\t any:]e among ^? :o may or may n und]/& !m1 & "k n to :om !y %\ld reply1 to :om n3 &1 if !y are maltreat$ or abus$1 !y h no p>5t to protect !m2 & !y _c protect or def5d !mselves4 ,,pha$rus3 ,t aga9 is mo/ true4 ,,socrates3 ,is !re n ano!r k9d ( ^w or spee* f> bett] ?an ?is1 & hav+ f> great] p[]--a son ( ! same family1 b lawfully begott58 ,,pha$rus3 ,:om d y mean1 & :at is 8 orig98 ,,socrates3 ,i mean an intellig5t ^w grav5 9 ! s\l ( ! le>n]1 :i* c def5d itself1 & kn[s :5 to speak & :5 to be sil5t4 ,,pha$rus3 ,y mean ! liv+ ^w ( k :i* has a s\l1 & ( :i* ! writt5 ^w is prop]ly no m ?an an image8 ,,socrates3 ,yes1 ( c\rse t is :at ,i mean4 ,& n[ may ,i be all[$ to ask y a "q3 ,w\ld a husb&man1 :o is a man ( s5se1 take ! se$s1 :i* he values & :i* he wi%es to be> fruit1 & 9 sob] s]i\sness plant !m dur+ ! heat ( summ]1 9 "s g>d5 ( ,adonis1 t he may rejoice :5 he sees !m 9 eight days appe>+ 9 beauty8 at lea/ he w\ld d s1 if at all1 only = ! sake ( amusem5t & pa/ime4 ,b :5 he is 9 e>ne/ he s[s 9 fitt+ soil1 & practises husb&ry1 & is satisfi$ if 9 eight mon?s ! se$s :i* he has s[n arrive at p]fection8 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 ,socrates1 t w be 8 way :5 he is 9 e>ne/2 he w d ! o!r1 z y say1 only 9 play4 ,,socrates3 ,& c we suppose t he :o kn[s ! j & good & hon\rable has less und]/&+1 ?an ! husb&man1 ab\t 8 own se$s8 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,,socrates3 ,!n he w n s]i\sly incl9e to 'write' 8 ?\ghts '9 wat]' ) p5 & ink1 s[+ words :i* c nei!r speak = !mselves nor tea* ! tru? adequately to o!rs8 ,,pha$rus3 ,no1 t is n likely4 ,,socrates3 ,no1 t is n likely--9 ! g>d5 ( lett]s he w s[ & plant1 b only = ! sake ( recreation & amusem5t2 he w write !m d[n z memorials to be treasur$ aga9/ ! =getfulness ( old age1 by himself1 or by any o!r old man :o is tread+ ! same pa?4 ,he w rejoice 9 behold+ _! t5d] gr[?2 & :ile o!rs are refre%+ _! s\ls ) banquet+ & ! l1 ?is w be ! pa/ime 9 :i* 8 days are sp5t4 ,,pha$rus3 ,a pa/ime1 ,socrates1 z noble z ! o!r is ignoble1 ! pa/ime ( a man :o c be amus$ by s]i\s talk1 & c disc\rse m]rily ab\t ju/ice & ! l4 ,,socrates3 ,true1 ,pha$rus4 ,b nobl] f> is ! s]i\s pursuit ( ! dialectician1 :o1 f9d+ a cong5ial s\l1 by ! help ( sci5ce s[s & plants !re9 words :i* are able to help !mselves & him :o plant$ !m1 & are n unfruitful1 b h 9 !m a se$ :i* o!rs br\ght up 9 diff]5t soils r5d] immortal1 mak+ ! possessors ( x happy to ! utmo/ ext5t ( human happ9ess4 ,,pha$rus3 ,f> nobl]1 c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& n[1 ,pha$rus1 hav+ agre$ ^u ! premises we may decide ab\t ! conclusion4 ,,pha$rus3 ,ab\t :at conclusion8 ,,socrates3 ,ab\t ,lysias1 :om we c5sur$1 & 8 art ( writ+1 & 8 disc\rses1 & ! rhetorical skill or want ( skill :i* 0 %[n 9 !m--^! are ! que/ions :i* we s\ght to det]m9e1 & !y br\ght u to ?is po9t4 ,& ,i ?9k t we are n[ pretty well in=m$ ab\t ! nature ( art & its opposite4 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 ,i ?9k ) y2 b ,i wi% t y w\ld repeat :at 0 said4 ,,socrates3 ,until a man kn[s ! tru? ( ! sev]al p>ticul>s ( :i* he is writ+ or speak+1 & is able to def9e !m z !y are1 & hav+ def9$ !m aga9 to divide !m until !y c be no long] divid$1 & until 9 l mann] he is able to disc]n ! nature ( ! s\l1 & discov] ! diff]5t modes ( disc\rse :i* are adapt$ to diff]5t natures1 & to arrange & dispose !m 9 su* a way t ! simple =m ( spee* may be address$ to ! simpl] nature1 & ! complex & composite to ! m complex nature--until he has accompli%$ all ?is1 he w be unable to h&le argum5ts accord+ to rules ( art1 z f> z _! nature all[s !m to be subject$ to art1 ei!r = ! purpose ( tea*+ or p]suad+2--su* is ! view :i* is impli$ 9 ! :ole prec$+ argum5t4 ,,pha$rus3 ,yes1 t 0 our view1 c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,secondly1 z to ! c5sure :i* 0 pass$ on ! speak+ or writ+ ( disc\rses1 & h[ !y might be rightly or wrongly c5sur$--did n our previ\s argum5t %[--8 ,,pha$rus3 ,%[ :at8 ,,socrates3 ,t :e!r ,lysias or any o!r writ] t ev] 0 or w be1 :e!r private man or /atesman1 proposes laws & s becomes ! au?or ( a political treatise1 fancy+ t !re is any great c]ta9ty & cle>ness 9 8 p]=mance1 ! fact ( 8 s writ+ is only a disgrace to him1 :atev] m5 may say4 ,= n to "k ! nature ( ju/ice & inju/ice1 & good & evil1 & n to be able to di/+ui% ! dream f ! reality1 _c 9 tru? be o!rwise ?an disgraceful to him1 ev5 ?\gh he h ! applause ( ! :ole _w4 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,b he :o ?9ks t 9 ! writt5 ^w !re is necess>ily mu* :i* is n s]i\s1 & t nei!r poetry nor prose1 spok5 or writt51 is ( any great value1 if1 l ! compositions ( ! rhapsodes1 !y are only recit$ 9 ord] to be believ$1 & n ) any view to criticism or in/ruction2 & :o ?9ks t ev5 ! be/ ( writ+s are b a rem9isc5ce ( :at we "k1 & t only 9 pr9ciples ( ju/ice & goodness & nobility taught & communicat$ orally = ! sake ( in/ruction & grav5 9 ! s\l1 :i* is ! true way ( writ+1 is !re cle>ness & p]fection & s]i\sness1 & t su* pr9ciples are a man's own & 8 legitimate (fspr+2--be+1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! ^w :i* he f9ds 9 8 own bosom2 secondly1 ! bre?r5 & desc5dants & relations ( 8 idea :i* h be5 duly implant$ by him 9 ! s\ls ( o!rs2--& :o c>es = !m & no o!rs--?is is ! "r sort ( man2 & y & ,i1 ,pha$rus1 w\ld pray t we may become l him4 ,,pha$rus3 ,t is mo/ assur$ly my desire & pray]4 ,,socrates3 ,& n[ ! play is play$ out2 & ( rhetoric en\gh4 ,g & tell ,lysias t to ! f\nta9 & s*ool ( ! ,nymphs we w5t d[n1 & 7 bidd5 by !m to convey a message to him & to o!r compos]s ( spee*es--to ,hom] & o!r writ]s ( poems1 :e!r set to music or n2 & to ,solon & o!rs :o h compos$ writ+s 9 ! =m ( political disc\rses :i* !y w\ld t]m laws--to all ( !m we are to say t if _! compositions are bas$ on k ( ! tru?1 & !y c def5d or prove !m1 :5 !y are put to ! te/1 by spok5 argum5ts1 :i* leave _! writ+s poor 9 comp>ison ( !m1 !n !y are to be call$1 n only poets1 orators1 legislators1 b are wor?y ( a high] "n1 befitt+ ! s]i\s pursuit ( _! life4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at "n w\ld y assign to !m8 ,,socrates3 ,wise1 ,i may n call !m2 = t is a great "n :i* belongs to ,god alone1--lov]s ( wisdom or philosoph]s is _! mode/ & befitt+ title4 ,,pha$rus3 ,v suitable4 ,,socrates3 ,& he :o _c rise above 8 own compilations & compositions1 :i* he has be5 long pat*+ & piec+1 add+ "s & tak+ away "s1 may be ju/ly call$ poet or spee*-mak] or law-mak]4 ,,pha$rus3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,n[ g & tell ?is to y\r companion4 ,,pha$rus3 ,b !re is also a fri5d ( y\rs :o ought n to be =gott54 ,,socrates3 ,:o is he8 ,,pha$rus3 ,isocrates ! fair3--,:at message w y s5d to him1 & h[ %all we describe him8 ,,socrates3 ,isocrates is /ill "y1 ,pha$rus2 b ,i am will+ to haz>d a prophecy conc]n+ him4 ,,pha$rus3 ,:at w\ld y prophesy8 ,,socrates3 ,i ?9k t he has a g5ius :i* so>s above ! orations ( ,lysias1 & t 8 "* is ca/ 9 a f9] m\ld4 ,my impression ( him is t he w m>vell\sly improve z he gr[s old]1 & t all =m] rhetoricians w be z *ildr5 9 comp>ison ( him4 ,& ,i believe t he w n be satisfi$ ) rhetoric1 b t !re is 9 him a div9e inspiration :i* w lead him to ?+s high] /ill4 ,= he has an elem5t ( philosophy 9 8 nature4 ,?is is ! message ( ! gods dwell+ 9 ?is place1 & :i* ,i w myself deliv] to ,isocrates1 :o is my delight2 & d y give ! o!r to ,lysias1 :o is y\rs4 ,,pha$rus3 ,i w2 & n[ z ! heat is abat$ let u dep>t4 ,,socrates3 ,%\ld we n (f] up a pray] fir/ ( all to ! local deities8 ,,pha$rus3 ,by all means4 ,,socrates3 ,belov$ ,pan1 & all ye o!r gods :o haunt ?is place1 give me beauty 9 ! inw>d s\l2 & may ! outw>d & inw>d man be at "o4 ,may ,i reckon ! wise to be ! weal?y1 & may ,i h su* a quantity ( gold z a temp]ate man & he only c be> & c>ry4--,any?+ m8 ,! pray]1 ,i ?9k1 is en\gh = me4 ,,pha$rus3 ,ask ! same = me1 = fri5ds %\ld h all ?+s 9 common4 ,,socrates3 ,let u g4