,univ]sity1 ,mill]sville1 ,,pa1 ,,usa ,lu!r ,exam9$ & ,reexam9$ ,a ,review ( ,ca?olic ,criticism & a ,plea = ,revaluation ,by ,w4,h4,t4 ,dau1 ,pr(essor1 ,concordia ,!ological ,sem9>y ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4 ,concordia ,publi%+ ,h\se #aiag ,,preface4 ,"o may deplore ! pa!tic c\rage :i* p]iodically he>t5s ,ca?olic writ]s = ! task ( writ+ aga9/ ,lu!r1 b "o c und]/& ! necessity = su* ef=ts1 &1 accord+ly1 feel a real pity = ^? :o make !m4 ,attacks on ,lu!r are dem&$ = ,ca?olics by ! law ( self-pres]vation4 ,a rec5t ,ca?olic writ] correctly says3 ,!re is no d\bt t ! religi\s problem to-day is /ill ! ,lu!r problem4 ,almo/ e /atem5t ( ^? religi\s doctr9es :i* are oppos$ to ,ca?olic moral tea*+ f9d _! au?orization 9 ! !ology ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,rome has nev] ackn[l$g$ h] errors nor admitt$ h] moral defeat4 ,! lessons ( pa/ hi/ory are wa/$ ^u h]4 ,rome is det]m9$ to ass]t to ! end t %e 0 n1 & _c be1 vanqui%$4 ,9 ! age ( ! ,re=mation1 %e admits1 %e suff]$ "s losses1 b %e claims t %e is fa/ retriev+ ^!1 :ile ,prote/antism is decad5t & decay+4 ,no opposition to h] c hope to succe$4 ,?is is done to bol/] up ,ca?olic c\rage4 ,! intellig5t ,ca?olic layman ( ! pres5t day makes 8 own obs]vations1 & draws 8 own conclusions z to ! /atus & ! future prospect ( ,prote/antism4 ,!re=e1 he mu/ be invit$ to acqua9t himself ) ! life/ory ( ! man1 ^: foll[]s c nev] expla9 away ! an>*y ( t immoral dogma3 ',be a s9n]1 & s9 boldly2 b believe m boldly /ill6' ,he mu/ be %[n ! _m hide\s sc5es ( co>s5ess1 vulg>ity1 obsc5ity1 & degrad+ immorality 9 ,m>t9 ,lu!r's life4 ,:5 ! ,ca?olic rises f ! contemplation ( ^! sc5es1 x is hop$ t 8 m9d has become ironclad aga9/ ,prote/ant argum5t4 ,^! attacks ^u ,lu!r are a plea pro domo1 ! ef=t ( a /rong man arm$ to keep 8 palace & 8 goods 9 peace4 ,occurr+1 z !y d1 9 ?is ye> ( ! ,f\r-hundr$? ,anniv]s>y ( ! ,re=mation1 ^! attacks1 moreov]1 repres5t a ,ca?olic c\nt]-demon/ration to ! ,prote/ant celebration ( ! ,quadric5t5>y ( ,lu!r's ,!ses4 ,!y are ! cu/om>y cries ( diss5t & vigor\s expressions ( disgu/ :i* at a public meet+ come f p>ties 9 ! audi5ce t are n pleas$ ) ! speak] on ! /age4 ,if ! c\nt]-demon/ration includes 9 its program ! oblig+ application ( eggs 9 an advanc$ /ate ( maturity to ! speak]1 & *ooses to emphasize its pres5ce to ! v no/rils ( ! audi5ce1 t1 too1 is "p ( ! prevail+ cu/om4 ,x is ae/hetically incorrect1 to be sure1 b x is 9 l9e hi/orically ) =m] demon/rations4 ,no ,prote/ant celebration w\ld seem normal )\t !m4 ,!y help ,prote/ants 9 _! prep>ations = ! jubilee to appreciate ! rem>ks ( ,david 9 ,psalm #b1 #aa3 ,rejoice ) trembl+4 ,& if ,%akespe>e 0 correct 9 ! /atem5t3 ,sweet are ! uses ( adv]sity1 !y ne$ n be altoge!r deplor$4 ,an attempt is made 9 ^! pages to review ! pr9cipal *>ges & argum5ts ( ,ca?olic critics ( ,lu!r4 ,! ref]5ces to ,lu!r's works are to ! ,/4 ,l\is ,edition2 ^? to ! ,book ( ,concord1 to ! ,p's ,edition4 ,au?ors mu/ be mode/1 & z a rule !y are4 ,9 ! doma9 ( hi/orical rese>* !re is r>ely any?+ t is f9al4 ,?is obs]vation 0 =c$ ^u ! pres5t writ] ) unusual p[] z ! ri* cont5ts ( 8 subjects op5$ up to him dur+ 8 /udy4 ,he has s\ght to be compreh5sive1 at lea/1 z reg>ds ess5tial facts1 9 e *apt]2 he does n claim t 8 pres5tation is f9al4 ,he hopes t x may /imulate fur!r rese>*4 ,?is book is frankly polemical4 ,x _h to be1 or !re w\ld h be5 no ne$ ( writ+ x4 ,x seeks to meet bo? ! ass]tions & ! _s ( ,lu!r's ,ca?olic critics4 ,a review ought to be a mirror1 & mirrors mu/ reflect4 ,b !re is no malice 9 ! au?or's ef=t4 ,w4 ,h4 ,t4 ,dau4 ,concordia ,sem9>y1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo4 ,may #aj1 #aiag4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 l4 ,lu!r ,wor%ip #b4 ,lu!r ,hatr$ #c4 ,lu!r ,blemi%es #d4 ,lu!r's ,task #e4 ,! ,popes 9 ,lu!r's ,"t #f4 ,lu!r's ,bir? & ,p>5tage #g4 ,lu!r's ,great ,mi/ake #h4 ,lu!r's ,failure z a ,monk #i4 ,pr(essor ,lu!r1 ,d4 ,d4 #aj4 ,lu!r's ,discov]y ( ! ,bible #aa4 ,rome & ! ,bible #ab4 ,lu!r's ,visit at ,rome #ac4 ,pa/or ,lu!r #ad4 ,! ,case ( ,lu!r's ,fri5d ,myconius #ae4 ,lu!r's ,fai? )\t ,works #af4 ,! ,fatali/ ,lu!r #ag4 ,lu!r a ,tea*] ( ,lawlessness #ah4 ,lu!r ,repudiates ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts #ai4 ,lu!r's ,invisible ,*ur* #bj4 ,lu!r on ! ,god-giv5 ,supremacy ( ! ,pope #ba4 ,lu!r ! ,translator ( ! ,bible #bb4 ,lu!r a ,prea*] ( ,viol5ce aga9/ ! ,hi]>*y #bc4 ,lu!r1 ,an>*i/ & ,despot ,all 9 ,"o #bd4 ,lu!r ! ,de/roy] ( ,lib]ty ( ,consci5ce #be4 ,! ,adam & ,eve ( ! ,new ,gospel ( ,concub9age #bf4 ,lu!r an ,advocate ( ,polygamy #bg4 ,lu!r ,ann\nces ,8 ,dea? #bh4 ,lu!r's ,view ( ,8 ,sl&]]s #a4 ,lu!r ,wor%ip4 ,ca?olic writ]s pr(ess !mselves %ock$ by ! unblu%+ v5]ation :i* ,lu!r receives f ,prote/ants4 ,su* epi!ts z h]o ( ! ,re=mation1 angel ) ! ev]la/+ ,gospel fly+ ?r\gh ! mid/ ( heav51 re/or] ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 grate on ,ca?olic n]ves4 ,lu!r's say+s are cit$ ) approval by all sorts ( m54 ,m5 feel t _! cause is greatly /r5g!n$ by hav+ ,lu!r on _! side4 ,lu!r's "n is a "n to conjure )4 ,h>dly a great man has liv$ 9 ! la/ f\r hundr$ ye>s b has gone on record z an admir] ( ,lu!r4 ,rome1 accord+ly1 cries out t ,lu!r is become ! uncanoniz$ sa9t ( ,prote/antism1 yea1 ! deifi$ exp\nd] ( ! evangelical fai?4 ,com+ f a ,*ur* t v5]ates & adores & prays to--y mu/ n say wor%ips--z _m sa9ts z !re are days 9 ! cal5d>1 ?is /ricture is refre%+4 ,sa9ts n only ( que/ionable sanctity1 b ( d\btful exi/5ce h be5 wor%ip$--beg p>don6 v5]at$-- by ,ca?olics4 ,:at does ! common law say ab\t ! prosecution com+ into c\rt ) clean h&s8 ,if !re is su* a ?+ among ,prote/ants z religi\s v5]ation ( ,lu!r1 :at %all we call ! v5]ation ( ,m>y among ,ca?olics8 ,pius ,,ix1 on ,decemb] #h1 #ahed1 proclaim$ ! immaculate conception1 t is1 ! s9lessness ( ,m>y f ! v fir/ mom5t ( h] exi/5ce1 ?us remov+ h] f ! sph]e ( s9-begott5 humanity4 ,9 #aiac1 ! press ( ! c\ntry 0 prep>+ its read]s = ano!r move t[>ds ! deification ( ,m>y3 h] assumption 0 to be decl>$4 ,t is1 x 0 to be decl>$ a ,ca?olic dogma t ! corpse ( ,m>y did n see corruption1 & 0 at ! mom5t ( h] dea? remov$ to heav54 ,! ,pasad5a ,/> ( ,augu/ #ae? 9 t ye> wrote3 ,x is n[ kn[n t s9ce 8 rec5t illness ,pope ,pius1 realiz+ t 8 active pontificate is practically at an end1 has express$ to "s ( ! highe/ dignit>ies ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* at ,rome ! desire to r\nd out 8 c>e] by ?is la/ great act4 ,! ,we/]n ,wat*man ( ,july #c;d 9 t ye> _h 9 its inimitable /yle ref]r$ to ! com+ dogma1 ?us3 ,:at ,ca?olic 9 ! _w to-day w\ld say t ! immaculately conceiv$ body ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 0 all[$ to rot 9 ! grave8 ,! ,ca?olic m9d w\ld rebel aga9/ ! ?\ght2 & dea? w\ld be pref]r$ to ! blasphem\s outrage4 ,! gr\nds = want+ ! assumption ( ,m>y fix$ 9 a dogma 7 ^!3 ,ca?olics believe 9 ! bodily assumption ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 because _! fai? in/9ctively tea*es !m t su* a ?+ is possible & prop]1 & t settles x 9 favor ( ! belief4 ,! body ( our ,"l %\ld n ta/e corruption1 nei!r %\ld ! body t gave ,him ,8 body4 ,! fle% t 0 bruis$ = our s9s 0 ! fle% ( ,m>y4 ,! blood t 0 %$ = our salvation 0 drawn f ,m>y's ve9s4 ,x w\ld be improp] t ! ,virg9 ,"m %\ld be all[$ to see corruption if h] ,son 0 exempt$ f ! indignity4 ,if any %\ld be s ra% z to "q ! propriety ( ! new dogma1 ! writ] held out ?is pleasant prospect to !m3 ,dogmas are /ones at ! heads ( h]etics4 4 4 4 ,! eyes ( all ,ca?olics see aright2 if !y are afflict$ ) /rabismus1 ! ,*ur* resorts to an op]ation4 ,all ,ca?olics he> aright2 if !y d n1 ! ,*ur* applies a rem$y to _! organ ( he>+4 ,^! surgical op]ations g "u ! "n ( dogmas4 ,! _w rememb]s ) :at success an op]ation ( ?is k9d 0 p]=m$ on a numb] ( ,roman prelates1 :o que/ion$ ! infallibility ( ! ,pope4 ,! dogma 0 simply decl>$ 9 #ahgj1 & t put a quietus to all ,ca?olic scruples4 ,"s day ! assumption ( ,m>y w be proclaim$ z a ,ca?olic dogma4 ,we %\ld n feel surpris$ if ultimately a dogma 7 publi%$ to ! effect t ! ,holy ,tr9ity is a ,holy ,qu>tet1 ) ,m>y z ! f\r? p]son ( ! ,godhead4 ,! ,roman ,*ur* is accu/om$ to speak ( h] ,supreme ,pontiff1 ! ,holy ,fa!r1 ! ,viceg]5t ( ,*ri/1 ,8 ,infallible ,hol9ess1 9 t]ms t lift a human be+ to heights ( adoration unkn[n among ,prote/ants4 ,= c5turies ! t5d5cy 9 ! ,roman ,*ur* to make ( ! ,pope a god on e>? has be5 felt & express$ 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,?is ,*ur* wants to prea* to ,prote/ants ab\t ! s9 ( man-wor%ip6 ,v]ily1 "h we h ! p>able ( ! mote & ! beam 9 a tw5tie? c5tury edition4 ,ca?olic tea*]s w\ld be ! la/ ones1 we imag9e1 :om scrupul\s ,*ri/ians w\ld *oose = in/ruct+ !m reg>d+ ! s9 ( idolatry & ! means to avoid x4 ,no ,prote/ant reg>ds ,lu!r z ,ca?olics reg>d ,m>y1 n ev5 ,patrick4 ,lu!r has taught !m too well = t4 ,unwitt+ly ! ,ca?olics !mselves h immortaliz$ ,lu!r by nam+ ! ,evangelical ,*ur* aft] ,lu!r4 ,lu!r decl9$ ! honor4 ,i beg1 he said1 n to h my "n m5tion$1 & to call p n ,lu!ran1 b ,*ri/ian4 ,:at is ,lu!r8 ,! doctr9e is n m9e1 nor h ,i be5 crucifi$ = any "o4 4 4 4 ,! papi/s des]ve to h a p>ty-"n1 = !y are n cont5t ) ! doctr9e & "n ( ,*ri/2 !y want to be popi% also4 ,well1 let !m be call$ popi%1 = ! ,pope is _! ma/]4 ,i am n1 & ,i d n want to be1 anybody's ma/]4 7#aj1 #cga47 ,x is likely t ! frequ5t laudatory m5tion ( ,lu!r's "n1 especially 9 connection ) ! pres5t anniv]s>y ( ! ,re=mation1 is tak5 z a *all5ge by ,ca?olics4 ,if x is t1 x is s by ! *oice ( ,ca?olics4 ,x is impossible to speak ( a great man )\t ref]r+ to ! conflicts t made him great4 ,he makes no fri5d1 says ,t5nyson1 :o nev] made a foe4 ,! man :o has no enemies1 says ,donn ,piatt1 has no foll[+4 ,opposition is "o ( ! accept$ m>ks ( greatness4 ,! opposition :i* great m5 ar\s$ dur+ _! lifetime lives aft] !m1 & crops out aga9 on a giv5 occasion4 ,?is is deplorable1 b x is ! ord9>y c\rse4 ,moreov]1 x is possible t 9 a season ( great joy l t :i* ! ,quadric5t5>y ( ! ,re=mation has u%]$ 9 orators & writ]s may fail to put a due *eck on _! en?usiasm & may ov]/ate a fact4 ,su* ?+s happ5 ev5 among ,ca?olics1 we believe1 ,b !y w be negligible quantities 9 ! pres5t celebration4 ,! prop] corrective = !m w be provid$ by ,prote/ants !mselves4 ,! va/ majority ( ^? :o h embrac$ ! spiritual lead]%ip ( ,lu!r 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to ,*ri/ian doctr9e & morals w prove aga9 t !y are 9 no dang] ( inaugurat+ man-wor%ip4 ,! _s ( ,lu!r is too mu* alive 9 !m = t4 ,!y w1 ) ! ,m>quis ( ,br&5burg1 decl>e3 ,if ,i be ask$ :e!r ) he>t & lip ,i confess t fai? :i* ,god has re/or$ to u by ,lu!r z ,8 in/rum5t1 ,i h no scruple1 nor h ,i a disposition to %r9k f ! "n ,lu!ran4 ,?us und]/ood1 ,i am1 & %all to my dy+ h\r rema91 a ,lu!ran4 ,!y w ev] be able to di/+ui% betwe5 ! man ,lu!r1 prone to error & s9 l any o!r mortal1 & ! ,lu!r :o f\ght ! battle ( ! ,"l & _h a mission ( ev]la/+ import to ! ,*ur* & ! _w4 ,!y h %[n on num]\s occasions t !y c be fri5ds ( ,lu!r1 & yet criticize him or diss5t f him4 ,if !y _h n1 !re w\ld be no ,prote/ants :om ,ca?olics c quote z oppon5ts ( ,lu!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if any "o und]takes to enlight5 ! public ) a view ( ,lu!r1 ,prote/ants w insi/ t 8 e/imate comport ) ! facts 9 ! case1 & t ! "n ( a great man :o des]ves well ( po/]ity be n traduc$4 ,:y1 ev5 ! ,ca?olic von ,s*legel ?9ks ,lu!r has n be5 half e/eem$ z he ought to be4 #b4 ,lu!r ,hatr$4 ,ca?olic writ]s h f\nd s mu* to c5sure 9 ! "* & writ+s ( ,lu!r t "o is amaz$1 aft] read+ !m1 h[ ,lu!r ev] c\ld become reg>d$ z a great & good man4 ,crim9al bl9dness mu/ h held ! eyes1 n only ( ,lu!r's associates1 b ( 8 entire age1 yea1 ( m5 = c5turies aft]1 if !y fail$ to see ,lu!r's con/itutional bas5ess4 ,q rec5tly a ,ca?olic writ] has told ! _w 9 "o *apt] ( 8 book t ! apo/ate monk ( ,witt5b]g 0 possess$ ( a viol5t1 despotic1 & uncontroll$ nature1 t he 0 deprav$ 9 mann]s & 9 spee*4 ,he speaks ( ,lu!r's ungov]nable transports1 riot\s proce$+s1 angry conflicts1 & intemp]ate controv]sies1 ( ,lu!r's contempt ( all ! accept$ =ms ( human "r & all au?ority1 human & div9e1 ( 8 unscrupul\s m5dacity1 8 p]v]se pr9ciples1 8 wild pron\ncem5ts4 ,he calls ,lu!r a lawless "o1 "o ( ! mo/ intol]ant ( m51 a revolutioni/1 n a re=m]4 ,he says t ,lu!r attempt$ re=mation & end$ 9 de=mation4 ,he *>ges ,lu!r ) hav+ writt5 & prea*$ n =1 b aga9/ good works1 ) hav+ assum$ rights to himself 9 ! matt] ( lib]ty ( consci5ce :i* he unhesitat+ly & imp]i\sly d5i$ to all :o diff]$ f him1 ) hav+ r5t asund] ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 ) hav+ disgrac$ ! ,*ur* by a notori\sly wick$ & sc&al\s life1 ) hav+ decl>$ x to be ! "r ( e man to int]pret ! ,bible to 8 own individual conception1 ) "o day proclaim+ ! b9d+ =ce ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts & ! next decl>+ !y 7 n obligatory on ,*ri/ian obs]vance1 ) hav+ revil$ & hat$ & curs$ ! ,*ur* ( 8 fa!rs4 ,^! opprobri\s rem>ks are only a "p ( ! vil5ess ( :i* ! writ] has deliv]$ himself 9 8 fir/ *apt]4 ,8 :ole book bri/les ) ass]tions ( ,lu!r's invet]ate badness4 ,?is co>se & crook$ ,lu!r1 we are told1 is ! real ,lu!r1 ! g5u9e article4 ,! ,lu!r ( hi/ory is only a ,prote/ant fiction4 ,prote/ants l ,pr(4 ,seeb]g ( ,b]l91 & o!rs1 :o h criticiz$ ,lu!r1 are introduc$ z witnesses = ! ,ca?olic allegation t ,lu!r 0 a ?or\ghly bad man4 ,we %\ld l to asc]ta9 ! feel+s ( ^! ,prote/ants :5 !y are in=m$ :at use has be5 made ( _! rem>ks ab\t ,lu!r4 ,"s ( !m may yet let ! _w "k :at !y ?9k ( ! attempt to make !m ! squires ( su* knights errant z ,d5ifle & ,gris>4 ,x is ab\t t5 ye>s ago s9ce ! ,jesuit ,gris> began to publi% 8 ,life ( ,lu!r1 twice t "t1 s9ce ,d5ifle pa9t$ 8 c>icature ( ,lu!r4 ,sev]al g5]ations ago ,janss51 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,g]man ,nation1 gave ! ,ca?olic int]pretation ( ,lu!r & ! ,re=mation4 ,go+ back /ill fur!r1 we come to ! ,jesuit ,maimb\rg1 to ,witzel1 & 9 ,lu!r's own "t to ,co*laeus & ,oldecop1 all ( :om /rove to conv9ce ! _w t ,lu!r 0 a moral deg5]ate & a reprobate4 ,! book ( ,mgr4 ,o',h>e1 :i* has made its appe>ance on ! eve ( ! ,f\r-hundr$? ,anniv]s>y ( ,lu!r's ,!ses1 is m]ely ano!r eruption f ! same mud volcano t became active 9 ,lu!r's lifetime4 ,x is ! old dirt t has come =?4 ,rome mu/ p]iodically relieve itself 9 ?is mann]1 or bur/4 ,rome hat$ ! liv+ ,lu!r1 & _c =get him s9ce he is dead4 ,x hates him /ill4 ,its hatr$ is become full-gr[n1 robu/1 vigor\s ) ! advanc+ ye>s4 ,:5 ,rome speaks its m9d ab\t ,lu!r1 x _c b speak 9 t]ms ( malignant scorn4 ,if ,lu!r c\ld read ,mgr4 ,o',h>e's book1 he w\ld say3 ,wes das ,h]z voll i/1 des gehet d] ,mund ueb]4 7,matt4 #ab1 #cd3 ,out ( ! abundance ( ! he>t ! m\? speake?47 ,lu!r has done "o ?+ :i* ,rome w nev] p>don3 he d>$ to attack ! supreme au?ority ( ! ,pope4 ,he made m5 see ! ignom9i\s bondage 9 :i* cunn+ prie/s _h ensn>$ !m1 & by re/or+ !m to ! lib]ty ) :i* ,*ri/ _h made !m free ,lu!r caus$ ! papacy an irrep>able loss4 ,! papal sy/em ( tea*+ & gov]nm5t 0 s ?or\ghly expos$ by ,lu!r1 & has s9ce be5 s completely disav[$ by a great "p ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians t ,rome _c practise its old frauds any long]4 ,m5 h become extremely w>y ( ,rome4 ,t is :at hurts4 ,! ,ca?olic writ] to :om we ref]r$ sums up ! situation ?us3 ,s9ce ,lu!r all ,prote/ant mank9d desc5d+ by ord9>y g5]ation h come into ! _w ) a m5tality bias$1 p]v]t$1 & prejudic$4 ,t is ,rome's way ( look+ at ! matt]4 ,! tru? is3 ! _w is =ew>n$1 h5ce =e>m$ aga9/ ! pleas ( ,rome4 ,x pays only an indiff]5t att5tion to vilifications ( ,lu!r t come f t qu>t]1 because x expects no encomiums & only scant ju/ice = ,lu!r f ,rome4 ,b x is ! bus9ess ( ! tea*]s ( ,prote/ant pr9ciples 9 religion1 p>ticul>ly ( ! *ur* hi/orians ( ,prote/antism1 to take notice ( ! campaign ( sl&] t is laun*$ aga9/ ,lu!r by ,ca?olic writ]s at conv5i5t int]vals4 ,x is n a task to delight ! s\l1 r to try ! pati5ce1 ( ,*ri/ians4 ,= 9 ! /udy ( ! causes = ^! calumnies aga9/ a great man ( hi/ory1 & ( ! possible means = _! removal1 "o is =c$ inv>iably to ! conclusion t !re is b "o cause1 & t is hatr$4 ,:at c poor mortal man d to break d[n su* a cause8 ,x does n yield to logic & hi/orical facts1 because x is 9 its v nature unreason+ & unreasonable4 ,/ill1 = ! h\r t ,god s5ds to all ! ,sauls t roam ! e>? brea?+ ?reat5+ & slaught]1 ! c\nt] argum5ts %\ld be ready4 ,no sl&] aga9/ ,lu!r has ev] gone unansw]$4 ,z ! *>ges aga9/ ,lu!r h become /]eotyp$1 s ! rejo9d] _c hope to br+ =w>d any new facts4 ,b x seems necess>y t ea* g5]ation 9 ! ,*ur* ,militant be put ?r\gh ! old drills1 & le>n its fruitful lessons ( spiritual adv]sity4 ,?us ev5 ^! polemical ex*anges betwe5 ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants become bless+s 9 disguise4 ,b !y d n affect ,lu!r4 ,! sublime figure ( ! c\rage\s confessor ( ,*ri/ t has /ood t[]+ 9 ! annals ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* = f\r hundr$ ye>s /&s un%ak51 sil5t1 & gr&1 despite ! fro? t is da%$ aga9/ its base & ! lightn+ f angry cl\ds t /rikes its top4 ,surely1 ! wra? ( man %all praise !e4 7,ps4 #gf1 #aj47 #c4 ,lu!r ,blemi%es4 ,:5 ,lu!r is *>g$ ) immoral conduct1 & ! specific facts toge!r ) ! docum5t>y evid5ce are n submitt$ along ) ! *>ge1 little c be done 9 ! way ( rebuttal4 ,"o c only guess at ! gr\nds on :i* ! *>ge is bas$4 ,= in/ance1 :5 ,lu!r is said to h disgrac$ ! ,*ur* by a notori\sly wick$ & sc&al\s life1 ! reason is mo/ likely because he m>ri$ al?\gh he 0 a monk sworn to rema9 s+le4 ,moreov]1 he m>ri$ a noble lady :o 0 a nun1 also sworn to celibacy4 ,accord+ to ! inscrutable e?ics ( ,rome ?is is concub9age1 al?\gh ! ,scripture pla9ly decl>es t a m9i/] ( ! ,*ur* %\ld be ! husb& ( "o wife1 #a ,tim4 #c1 #b1 & no v[s c annul ! ord9ance & comm&m5t ( ,god3 ,x is n good t man %\ld be alone4 ,g54 #b1 #ah4 ,comp4 #a ,cor4 #g1 #b1 & ,augsburg ,confession1 ,art4 #bg4 ,:5 ,lu!r is said to h revil$1 hat$1 & curs$ ! ,*ur* ( 8 fa!rs1 ! probable reason is1 because he wrote ! ,babylonian ,captivity ( ! ,*ur* & ,! ,papacy at ,rome ,f\nd$ by ! ,devil4 ,9 ^! writ+s ,lu!r depicts ! true anti*ri/ian inw>dness ( ! papacy4 ,by s do+1 h[ev]1 ,lu!r re/or$ ! ,*ur* ( 8 fa!rs1 gr&fa!rs1 great-gr&fa!rs 9 ,*ri/ d[n to ! fir/ ance/or ( our race4 ,lu!r's fai? is none o!r ?an ! fai? ( ! true ,*ur* 9 all ! ages4 ,lu!r's own fa!r & "m di$ 9 t fai?4 ,:5 ,lu!r is said to h taught ,nietzs*e's insanity ab\t ! ,sup]human 7,ueb]m5s*7 be=e ,nietzs*e1 to h put ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts out ( commission = ,*ri/ians1 & to h prea*$ aga9/ good works1 ! reasons mo/ likely are ^!3 ,lu!r taught salvation 9 accordance ) ,rom4 #c1 #be3 ,we conclude t a man is ju/ifi$ by fai?1 )\t ! de$s ( ! ,law4 ,lu!r taught t a p]son is n sav$ by 8 own works1 & if he p]=ms good works ) t end 9 view1 he %ames 8 ,"l & ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is ! end ( ! ,law = righte\sness to e "o t believe? 7,rom4 #aj1 #d71 & he falls "u ! curse ( ,god = plac+ 8 own m]its alongside ( ! m]it ( ! ,r$eem]'s sacrifice4 ,9 no o!r connection has ,lu!r spok5 aga9/ good works4 ,he has r taught m5 h[ to become fruitful 9 well-do+ by ! sanctify+ grace ( ,god & accord+ to ! inspir+ example ( ! mat*less ,jesus4 ,conc]n+ ! ,law1 ,lu!r prea*$ #a ,tim4 #a1 #i3 ,! ,law is n made = a righte\s man1 t is1 ,*ri/ians d ! works ( ! ,law1 n = ! ,law's sake1 b = ! sake ( ,*ri/1 :om !y love & ^: m9d is 9 !m4 ,!y mu/ n be driv5 l slaves to obey ,god1 b _! v fai? prompts !m to live sob]ly1 righte\sly1 & godly 9 ?is pres5t _w 7,tit4 #b1 #ab74 ,b ,lu!r always held t ! rule = good works is laid d[n 9 ! holy ,law ( ,god1 & only 9 t2 also t ! ,law mu/ be appli$ to ,*ri/ians1 9 z f> z !y /ill live 91 ! fle%1 & are n become altoge!r spiritual4 ,lu!r's public activity z a prea*] began ) a s]ies ( s]mons on ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 & ?is ef=t to exp\nd ! div9e norm ( righte\sness 0 repeat$ sev]al times dur+ ,lu!r's life4 ,lu!r's expositions ( ! ,decalog are among ! f9e/ t ! _w possesses4 ,moreov]1 ,lu!r wrote ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,h& any ,ca?olic :o talks ab\t ,lu!r hav+ aboli%$ ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts ?is little book4 ,t is a suffici5t refutation4 ,:at ,lu!r tea*es 9 ?is book he has giv5 8 life to r$uce to practise 9 himself & o!rs4 ,he says 9 a s]mon on ,ea/] ,monday1 #aecj3 ,:5 ris+ 9 ! morn+1 ,i pray ) my *ildr5 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & "s ,psalm4 ,i d ?is because ,i want to make myself cl+ to ^! tru?s4 ,i %all n suff] my fai? to become mildew$ ) ! imag9ation t ,i am above ^! ?+s 7dass i*'s ko5ne74 ,8 s]mon on ! ,fir/ ,sunday 9 ,adv5t 9 ! same ye> he beg9s ?us3 ,de> fri5ds1 ,i am n[ an old ,doctor1 /ill ,i f9d e day t ,i mu/ recite ) ! *ildr5 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 & ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & ,i h always d]iv$ a great b5efit & bless+ f ?is practise4 7#ab1 #afaa4 #afda47 ,lu!r is *>g$ ) m5dacity1 t is1 he is said to h li$4 ,! reasons t w be giv5 = ?is *>ge1 :5 call$ =1 w probably be ^!3 ,lu!r at v>i\s times 9 8 life gave ?ree diff]5t ye>s z ! ye> ( 8 bir?1 ?ree diff]5t ye>s z ! ye> :5 he made 8 j\rney to ,rome1 & advis$ somebody 9 #aeab to become a monk :5 he _h already comm5c$ to d5\nce ! mona/ic life3 ,x is true t ,lu!r did all ^! ?+s1 b x is also true t ,lu!r believ$ himself "r 9 ea* ( 8 /atem5ts4 ,he 0 simply mi/ak54 ,o!r p h mis/at$ ! ye> ( _! bir? )\t be+ br&$ li>s on t acc\nt4 ,sometimes ev5 a pr(essor =gets ?+s1 & ,lu!r 0 a pr(essor4 ,:at ,lu!r has said ab\t ! rigor ( 8 mona/ic life is p]fectly true1 b x 0 no reason :y 9 #aeab he %\ld c\nsel m5 to become monks4 ,he _h n yet come to ! full k ( ! wrong pr9ciples und]ly+ t mode ( life4 ,to adduce su* inaccuracies z evid5ce ( prev>ication is itself an ins9c]e act & puts ! claimant by "r 9 ! ,ananias ,club4 ,lu!r is said to h be5 a glutton & a drunk>d4 ,let u exam9e ! facts4 ,:at is ! evid5ce8 ,lu!r's obesity & 8 g\t4 ,is t evid5ce8 ,n 9 any c\rt4 ,x w\ld be evid5ce if bo? conditions 7 caus$1 & caus$ only1 by gluttony & tippl+4 ,b ?is notori\sly is n ! case4 ,obesity may be due to disease4 ,a man may ev5 eat little & wax /\t if :at he eats turns into adipose r ?an into muscul> tissue4 ,z = g\t1 x is ! result ( uric acid dia!sis4 ,n[ uric acid dia!sis may be1 & v (t5 is1 caus$ by high liv+1 b (t51 too1 x is due to q diff]5t causes4 ,j z 9 ! case ( ,bright's disease4 ,i d n d5y t ,lu!r drank freely bo? be] & w9e4 ,s did ev]ybody else4 ,p drank be] z we d c(fee4 4 4 4 ,moreov]1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury alcoholic bev]ages 7 prescrib$ = ! maladies f :i* ,lu!r suff]$ mu*--kidneys & n]v\s tr\ble4 ,we n[ "k t 9 su* cases alcohol proves a v poison2 b ?is ,lu!r c\ld n "k4 ,b intemp]ate 4 4 4 9 8 use ( /rong dr9k ,lu!r 0 n4 ,nei!r 0 he a glutton4 ,be=e he m>ri$1 he ate v irregul>ly1 & (t5 completely =got 8 meals4 ,:5 he c\ld n get meat & w9e1 he cont5t$ himself ) bread & wat]4 4 4 4 ,melan*?on tells u t ,lu!r lov$ ! co>se food z he did ! co>se spee* ( ! peasantry1 & ev5 ( t food ate little1 s little t ,melan*?on m>vel$ h[ ,lu!r c\ld ma9ta9 /r5g? ^u su* a diet4--,x is fur!r a notewor?y fact t1 :5 we read ! s]mons ( ! day1 we f9d nobody :o s frequ5tly & s e>ne/ly attacks ! prevail+ vice ( drunk5ness z does ,lu!r4 ,n[1 :atev] ,lu!r may or may n h be51 hypocrite he 0 n4 ,_h he himself be5 intemp]ate1 he w\ld n h prea*$ aga9/ x 9 su* a mann]4 ,fur!rmore1 ,lu!r 0 "u con/ant espionage4 ,8 e move 0 not$4 ,p knew h[ _m pat*es !re 7 on 8 und]g>m5ts4 ,?9k y1 ?9k y = a mom5t1 t ! ,witt5b]gians w\ld h li/5$ meekly to ,lu!r's repeat$ assaults ^u ! wide-spread s9 ( intemp]ance1 _h !y kn[n him = a confirm$ tippl]8 ,x is too absurd4--,b ! be/ evid5ce = ! def5se comes f a mute witness--,lu!r's indu/ry4 ,he wrote m ?an f\r hundr$ books1 bro*ures1 s]mons1 & s =?1 fill+ m ?an "o hundr$ volumes ( ! ,erlang5 edition4 ,!re are extant m ?an ?ree ?\s& ( 8 lett]s1 :i* repres5t only a small proportion ( all t he wrote4 ,?us we "k1 = example1 t "o ev5+ 9 #aedd ,lu!r wrote t5 lett]s1 ( :i* only two h be5 pres]v$4 ,he 01 fur!rmore1 9 frequ5t conf]5ce ) lead]s 9 bo? ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,he prea*$ on ,sundays & lectur$ on week-days4 ,n[1 a man may1 x is true1 p]=m a consid]able am\nt ( manual labor ev5 aft] ov]eat+ & ov]dr9k+1 b e physician w admit ! correctness ( my ass]tion1 x is a physiological impossibility t a man c\ld habitually ov]9dulge 9 food or liquor1 or bo?1 & /ill get ov] ! enorm\s am\nt ( intellectual "w t ,lu!r p]=m$ day to day 7,boehm]1 ,! ,man ,lu!r1 p4 #af f47 ,mo/ %ameless h be5 ! *>ges ( lewdness & immorality aga9/ ,lu!r4 ,8 relation to ,frau ,cotta has be5 repres5t$ z impure4 ,?9k ( x1 a boy ( sixte5 to eighte5 ?us relat$ to an honorable h\sewife6 ,illegitimate *ildr5 h be5 foi/$ ^u him4 ,a humor\s rem>k ab\t 8 int5tion to m>ry & be+ unable to *oose betwe5 sev]al eligible p>ties has be5 twi/$ into an immoral mean+4 ,! fact t he gave %elt] ov]night to a numb] ( escap$ nuns1 :5 he 0 already a m>ri$ man1 has be5 mean+ly ref]r$ to4 ,boehm] has exhau/ively gone into ^! *>ges1 exam9+ )\t fl9*+ e ass]t$ fact cit$ 9 evid5ce ( ,lu!r's moral corruptness1 & has %[n ! purity ( ,lu!r z be+ above reproa*4 ,n "o ( ! sexual vag>ies imput$ to ,lu!r re/s on a basis ( fact4 7,boehm]1 ,lu!r 9 ,light ( ,rec5t ,rese>*1 pp4 #bae-bbc47 ,:5 ! mod]n read] meets ) a g5]al *>ge ( badness1 or ev5 ) ! ass]tion ( "s specific =m ( badness1 9 ,lu!r1 he %\ld inquire at once to :at p>ticul> incid5t 9 ,lu!r's life ref]5ce is made4 ,^! *>ges h all be5 exam9$ & ! evid5ce sift$1 & t by imp>tial inve/igators4 ,prote/ants h tak5 ! lead 9 ?is "w & h n gloss$ any?+ ov]4 ,boehm]'s able treatise has be5 translat$ into ,engli%4 ,wal!r's ,fu] ,lu!r wid] ,rom w1 no d\bt1 be giv5 ! public 9 an ,engli% edition soon4 ,works l ^! h long bla/$ ! claim ( ,ca?olics t ,prote/ants are afraid to h ! tru? told ab\t ,lu!r4 ,!y only dem& t ! tru? be told4 #d4 ,lu!r's ,task4 ,"o blemi% 9 ! "* ( ,lu!r t is (t5 cit$ ) condemnation ev5 by ,prote/ants des]ves to be exam9$ sep>ately4 ,x is ,lu!r's viol5ce 9 controv]sy1 8 co>se language1 8 angry moods4 ,all w agree t viol5ce & co>se spee* mu/ n be c\nt5anc$ 9 ,*ri/ians1 lea/ ( all 9 tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ! writ+s ( ,lu!r !re occur t]ms1 phrases1 passages t s\nd repulsive4 ,! /ronge/ admir] ( ,lu!r w h mom5ts :5 he wi%es c]ta9 ?+s c\ld h be5 said diff]5tly4 ,lu!r's language _c be repeat$ 9 our times4 ,"s :o h tri$ to d t 9 all s9c]ity h f\nd to _! dismay t !y 7 :olly misund]/ood4 ,:at ,jove may d any ox may n d1 says an old ,lat9 prov]b4 ,%all we1 !n1 admit ,lu!r's fault & proce$ to apologize = him & f9d plausible reasons = ext5uat+ 8 indiscretions 9 spee* & 8 temp]am5tal faults8 ,we %all d nei!r4 ,we %all let ?is f\l-m\!d1 co>se ,lu!r /& be=e ! b> ( public op9ion j z he is4 ,8 way _c be our way1 b ultimately none ( u w be 8 f9al judges4 ,! "* ( ! duties :i* ,lu!r 0 s5t to p]=m mu/ be 8 ju/ification4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ! mann]s ( ! age ( ,lu!r 7 g5]ally r\gh4 ,ev5 9 polite society language 0 freely us$ t w\ld make u gasp4 ,co>se t]ms evid5tly 7 n felt to be su*4 ,9 _! polemical writ+s ! le>n$ m5 ( ! age seem to exhau/ a zoological p>k 9 _! frantic se>* = /rik+ epi!ts to hurl at _! oppon5t4 ,x 0 an age ( /rong feel+ & /urdy diction4 ,x is also true t ,lu!r 0 a man ( ! p4 ,) a sort ( homely pride he us$ to decl>e3 ,i am a peasant's son2 all my =be>s 7 peasants4 ,b all ?is does n suffici5tly expla9 ,lu!r's co>s5ess4 ,mo/ p t criticize ,lu!r = 8 /rong spee* h read little else ( ,lu!r4 ,!y are n aw>e t 9 !1 great mass ( 8 writ+s !re is b a small proportion ( matt] t w\ld n[adays be decl>$ objectionable4 ,lu!r speaks ?r\gh _m pages1 yea1 ?r\gh :ole books1 ) p]fect calmness4 ,x is int]e/+ to obs]ve h[ he develops a ?\ght1 illu/rates a po9t by an episode f hi/ory or f e-day life1 urges a lesson ) a lively exhortation4 ,he is pleasant1 g5tle1 s]i\s1 compassionate1 artlessly eloqu5t1 &1 )al1 p]fectly pure 9 all he says4 ,:5 ,lu!r becomes co>se1 !re is a reason4 ,"o mu/ h read mu* 9 ,lu!r1 "o %\ld h read all ( ,lu!r1 & 8 bill+sgate w assume a diff]5t mean+4 ,if !re is madness 9 8 reckless spee*1 !re is me?od 9 x4 ,"o mu/ try & und]/& ,lu!r's objective & purpose4 ,lu!r _h a v co>se subject to deal )1 & ,lu!r believ$ t a spade is be/ call$ a spade4 ,lu!r nev] /ruck at wick$ness ) ! /raw ( a f9e circumlocution4 ,he believ$ t he _h ! "r1 yea1 ! duty1 to call co>se ?+s by co>se names2 = ! ,bible does ! same4 ,lu!r has call$ ! g5tlem5 at ! ,pope's c\rt 9 8 day "s v descriptive names4 ,he did n m]ely ins9uate t ! c>d9als ( 8 day 7 no angels1 b said outright :at !y 74 ,he did n feebly "q ! hol9ess ( ,8 ,hol9ess1 b he call$ "s ( ! ,popes mon/]s ( iniquity & reprobates4 ,we %all %[ anon t 9 t age !re liv$ m5 :o spoke ( ! same matt]s z ,lu!r1 :o told tales & us$ expressions t w\ld r5d] _! writ+s unmailable to-day4 ,! great m5 ( any age are products ( t age4 ,man is z mu* ! creature ( circum/ances z circum/ances are ! creatures ( m5-- ,disraeli to ! contr>y not)/&+4 ,:ile m5 may create situations1 !y may also be made to fit into a situation4 ,m5 h become great = ?is v reason t !y und]/& ! _s ( _! age & 7 able to respond to its call4 ,back ( bo? m5 & circum/ances1 h[ev]1 /&s sov]eign ,provid5ce1 %ap+ our ends1 r\gh-hew !m h[ we w4 ,no "*-/udy is j t fails to take into consid]ation ! =ce ( circum/ances "u :i* ! subject ( ! /udy has act$ at a giv5 mom5t 9 8 life4 ,9 ! case ( ,lu!r !re is a m ?an ord9>y necessity = adopt+ ?is equitable me?od2 = ,lu!r has decl>$ hundr$s ( times t 8 /irr+ utt]ances & incisive de$s 7 n ! result ( long prem$itation1 or ! sudd5 outbur/s ( uncontroll$ passion1--?\gh nei!r he nor we w\ld h any int]e/ 9 d5y+ t he c\ld be angry & did become angry1--b ! answ] to cry+ ne$s ( ! times4 ,?is answ] 0 on _m a signal occasion wrung f ,lu!r aft] mu* wre/l+ ) ,god 9 pray]4 ,he 0 mov$ to action by ! h]oism ( t fai? :i* _h be5 k9dl$ 9 him4 ,he act$ 9 h>mony ) ! p>ticul> issue ) :i* he 0 call$ ^u to deal4 ,deep compassion at ! sight ( 8 suff]+ fell[-m5 put /rong language on 8 lips4 ,betwe5 ! plead+ ( fri5ds & ! /orm+ ( enemies he _h no *oice b to act z he did4 ,lu!r (t5 seems unconsci\s ( ! greatness ( 8 acts3 he speaks ( !m z 8 poor way ( do+ ?+s1 & invites o!rs to improve :at he has attempt$4 ,we fe> t _m 9 our day fail to see ! greatness ( ! a*ievem5t :ile !y /ricture ! mann] ( a*iev+ x4 ,few m5 h s utt]ly liv$ = a cause1 9 a cause1 & ) a cause z ,lu!r4 ,x is ! he>t ( an entire p t cries out ?r\gh ,lu!r2 x is ! s\l ( outrag$ ,*ri/ianity t moans 9 angui%1 & speaks ) ! maje/y ( righte\s ang] ?r\gh ,lu!r4 ,an age ( unp>allel$ f]m5t t _h begun long be=e ,lu!r has rea*$ its culm9at+ po9t1 & lifts up its /rid5t voice ( long-re/ra9$ expo/ulation ?r\gh ,lu!r4 ,remove ! conditions "u :i* ,lu!r _h to live & labor1 & ! ,lu!r :om m5 bless or curse becomes an impossibility4 ,9 ,lu!r's life-"w !re is disc]nible ! influ5ce n only ( good m51 su* z ! s*ol>ly ,melan*?on1 ! fai?ful ,jonas1 ! firm & k9d ,saxon electors1 ! eag] ,amsdorf1 ! al]t ,l9k1 b also ( evil m5 l ! blunt ,tetzel1 ! wily ,pri]ias1 & ! horde ( ignorant monks :i* ! mona/]ies & *ancell]ies ( ,rome let loose ^u "o man4 ,! c\rse :i* ,lu!r _h to pursue 0 %ap$ = him by o!rs4 ,we d n mean to sugge/ t ,lu!r 9 8 polemical writ+s employ$ ! *eap me?od ( reply+ to ! co>se language adopt$ by 8 oppon5ts 9 simil> language2 b x is fair to him t ?is fact be record$4 ,"s p rememb] v well t ,lu!r address$ ! ,pope ,mo/ helli% fa!r6 & are horrifi$1 b !y =get t ! ,pope _h be5 extremely lurid 9 ! appellatives :i* he appli$ to ,lu!r4 ,*ild ( ,belial1 son ( p]dition1 7 "s ( ! ende>+ t]ms ) :i* ,lu!r 0 to be assur$ ( ! lov+ int]e/ ! ,holy ,fa!r took 9 him4 ,t ,lu!r call$ ,h5ry ,,viii a damnable & rott5 worm seems to be well rememb]$1 b t ! ,briti% k+ _h call$ ,lu!r a wolf ( hell is =gott54 ,x goes )\t say+ t ! contact ) su* oppon5ts did = ,lu!r :at x does = e p]son :o is n made ( granite & ca/ iron3 x r\s$ 8 temp]4 ,x %\ld n h be5 p]mitt$ to d t1 we say4 ,assur$ly4 ,lu!r ?9ks s too1 b ) a res]vation1 z we %all le>n4 ,! imp]i\s _s & viol5t measures *>g$ aga9/ ,lu!r a c>eful read] ( hi/ory w r f9d on ! side ( ,lu!r's oppon5ts4 ,!y pla9ly reli$ on ! p[] ( ,rome to cru% ,lu!r by brute =ce4 ,:at respect c\ld a pla91 hone/ man l ,lu!r conceive = m5 l ,cajetanus1 ,eck1 & ,hoog/rat51 :o 7 fir/ s5t by ! ,vatican to negotiate 8 surr5d]8 ,= publi%+ simple ,bible-tru? ! c>d9al at ,augsburg ro>$ & bell[$ at him1 ,recant6 ,recant6 ,ev5 at ?is e>ly /age ( ! affair matt]s assum$ su* an om9\s aspect t ,lu!r's fri5ds urg$ him to quietly leave ! city4 ,!y did n tru/ ! amicable g5tleman f ! poli%$ circle ( ! ,pope's imm$iate c\nselors4 ,at ,leipzig1 ,eck _h be5 driv5 into ! corn] by ,lu!r's unansw]able argum5ts f ,scripture2 !n he turn$ to abuse & call$ ,lu!r a ,bohemian & a ,hussite1 & f9ally left ! hall ) ! air ( a victor to celebrate 8 a*ievem5t 9 ! tav]ns & bro!ls ( ! city1 :]e he f\nd 8 cu/om>y delights le>n$ f 8 ma/]s at ,rome4 ,c any language ( contempt 9 :i* ,lu!r aft]w>ds spoke ( ?is d\ghty *ampion ( ,rome be too /rong8 ,among ! att5dants at ! ,leipzig ,debate 0 ,hoog/rat54 ,?is g5tleman foll[$ ! elevat+ pr(ession ( tortur+ & burn+ h]etics 9 ,g]many1--! t]ritory especially assign$ to him4 ,x look$ z if he _h come to ,leipzig to foll[ up ,eck's v]bal ?und] ) ! inquisitorial lightn+1 & make ( ,lu!r actually ano!r ,hus4 ,:5 he f\nd t he w\ld n h an opportunity = ply+ 8 hide\s trade ?is "t1 he v5tur$ into t]ritory :]e he 0 a /rang]3 he attempt$ a !ological argum5t ) ,lu!r4 ,he ass]t$ t by d5y+ ! primacy ( ! ,pope1 ,lu!r _h contradict$ ! ,scriptures & defi$ ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice1 & mu/ be suppress$4 ,lu!r call$ him an unsophi/icat$ ass & a blood?ir/y enemy ( ! tru?4 ,c]ta9ly1 t does n s\nd nice1 b su* ?+s happ51 z a rule1 :5 fools ru% 9 :]e angels fe> to tread4 ,:at 0 ! papal bull ( excommunication aga9/ ,lu!r1 ) its li/ ( mo/ opprobri\s t]ms1 b an unw>rant$ provocation ( ,lu!r1 :o _h a "r to expect diff]5t treatm5t f ! =emo/ tea*] ( ,*ri/ianity to :om he _h entru/$ 8 j grievance z a dutiful son ( ! ,*ur*8 ,?us we might g on = pages cit+ in/ances ( reckless attack ^u ,lu!r1 (t5 by mo/ unwor?y p]sons1 t drew f ,lu!r a reply su* z 8 assailants des]v$4 ,x is a gratuit\s criticism to say t ,*ri/ians mu/ n revile :5 !y are revil$4 ,^? :o ?9k t ,lu!r did n "k ?is rule ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 or did n apply x to himself1 d n "k ! full /ory ( 8 life4 ,he c]ta9ly did wre/le ) ! fle% & blood 9 himself4 ,he sigh$ = peace1 b ! mom5t he seem$ to become conciliatory & pacific1 8 enemies set up a %\t t he 0 vanqui%$4 ,x seem$ t !y c\ld n be made to compreh5d ! issues confront+ !m unless !y 7 bl[n 9 ^u !m on ! w+s ( a hurricane4 ,z e>ly z #aebj ,lu!r replies to an anxi\s lett] ( ,spalat91 :o ?\ght t ,lu!r _h us$ too /rong language aga9/ ! ,bi%op ( ,meiss51 z foll[s3 ,good ,god6 h[ excit$ y are1 my ,spalat96 ,y seem ev5 m /irr$ up ?an ,i & ! o!rs4 ,d y n see t my pati5ce 9 n reply+ to ,ems]'s & ,eck's five or six wagonloads ( curses is ! sole reason :y ! fram]s ( ?is docum5t h d>$ to attack me ) su* silly & ridicul\s nons5se8 ,= y "k h[ little ,i c>$ t my s]mon at ,leipzig 0 condemn$ & suppress$ by a public edict2 h[ ,i despis$ suspicion1 infamy1 injury1 hatr$4 ,mu/ ^! audaci\s p]sons ev5 be p]mitt$ to add to ^! follies sc&al\s pamphlets cramm$ full ( falsehoods & blasphemies aga9/ ,gospel-tru?8 ,d y =bid ev5 to b>k at ^! wolves8 ,! ,"l is my witness h[ ,i re/ra9$ myself le/ ,i %\ld n treat ) rev]5ce ?is accurs$ & mo/ impot5t docum5t issu$ 9 ! bi%op's "n4 ,o!rwise ,i %\ld h said ?+s ^? heads ought to he>1 & ,i w yet1 :5 !y ackn[l$ge _! au?or%ip by beg9n+ to def5d !mselves4 ,i beg1 if y ?9k rightly ( ! ,gospel1 d n imag9e its cause c be accompli%$ )\t tumult1 sc&al1 & s$ition4 ,out ( ! sword y _c make a fea!r1 nor out ( w>1 peace4 ,! ,^w ( ,god is a sword1 w>1 ru91 de/ruction1 poison1 &1 z ,amos says1 x meets ! *ildr5 ( ,ephraim l a be> 9 ! way & a lioness 9 ! woods4--,i _c d5y t ,i h be5 m vehem5t ?an is seemly4 ,b s9ce !y knew ?is1 !y ought n to h /irr$ up ! dog4 ,h[ difficult x is to temp] "o's passions & "o's p5 y c judge ev5 f y\r own case4 ,?is is ! reason ,i h always dislik$ to engage 9 public controv]sy2 b ! m ,i dislike x1 ! m ,i am involv$ aga9/ my w1 & t only by ! mo/ atroci\s sl&]s br\ght aga9/ me & ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,if ,i 7 n c>ri$ away !reby ei!r 9 temp] or p51 ev5 a he>t ( /one w\ld be mov$ by ! indignity ( ! ?+ to take up arms2 & h[ mu* m ,i1 :o am bo? passionate & possess$ ( a p5 n altoge!r blunt6 ,by ^! mon/rosities ,i am driv5 beyond mode/y & decorum4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i wond] :]e ?is new religion came f1 t :atev] y say aga9/ an adv]s>y is sl&]4 ,:at d y ?9k ( ,*ri/8 ,0 ,he a sl&]] :5 ,he call$ ! ,jews an adult]\s & p]v]se g5]ation1 ! (fspr+ ( vip]s1 hypocrites1 sons ( ! devil8 ,& :at ab\t ,paul :5 he us$ ! words dogs1 va9 babbl]s1 s$uc]s1 ignorant1 & 9 ,acts #ac s inveigh$ aga9/ a false prophet t he seems almo/ insane3 ,oh1 ?\ full ( deceit & ( all craft1 ?\ son ( ! devil1 enemy ( ! tru?'8 ,:y did he n g5tly flatt] him1 t he might conv]t him1 r ?an ?und] 9 su* a way8 ,x is n possible1 if acqua9t$ ) ! tru?1 to be pati5t ) inflexible & ungov]nable enemies ( ! tru?4 ,b en\gh ( ?is nons5se4 ,i see t ev]ybody wi%es ,i 7 g5tle1 especially my enemies1 :o %[ !mselves lea/ s ( all4 ,if ,i am too little g5tle1 ,i am at lea/ simple & op51 & !re91 z ,i believe1 surpass !m1 = !y dispute only 9 a deceitful fa%ion4 7#ai1 #dhb f4 ,translation by ,mc,giffert47 ,nobody %\ld make ,lu!r any bett] ?an he makes himself4 ,/ill1 ! "q is p]t95t :e!r viol5t polemics c ev] be engag$ 9 by ,*ri/ians ) a good consci5ce4 ,lu!r has ass]t$ t1 :ile he hurl$ 8 t]rible d5unciations aga9/ ! adv]s>ies ( ! tru?1 8 he>t 0 dispos$ to fri5d%ip & peace ) !m4 7#af1 #agah f47 ,is a /ate ( m9d l ?is altoge!r inconceivable1 viz41 t a p]son c curse ano!r = a c]ta9 act & at ! same "t love him8 ,we ?9k n4 ,9 8 day ?is boi/]\s1 turbul5t ,lu!r 0 und]/ood1 tru/$1 & lov$ by ! p4 ,aft] ! publication ( ! ,!ses aga9/ ,tetzel ! he>ts ( m5 9 all p>ts ( ! l& turn$ t[>d him1 & 8 he>t turn$ t[>d !m4 ,= ! religi\s pr9ciples und]ly+ ! !ses !y c>$ little1 = ! argum5ts su/a9+ !m /ill less4 ,!y saw only t "h 0 a man1 muzzl$ by none ( ! prud5tial consid]ations clos+ ! m\?s ( _m 9 high places1 :o d>$ to speak 8 m9d pla9ly & emphatically1 & 0 able to speak x intellig5tly & ) effect ^u a great & gr[+ evil deplor$ by multitudes4 ,x is su* a man ! p love & su* a man !y tru/4 7,mc,giffert1 ,lu!r1 p4 #ih f47 ,mc,giffert has ! "r p]ception ( ! ,lu!r ( #aeag-aeai :5 he describes him z ! awak5+ re=m]1 ?us3 ,he _h ! true re=m]'s consci5ce--! s5se ( responsibility = o!rs z well z = himself1 & ! true re=m]'s vision ( ! bett] ?+s t ought to be4 ,he 0 nev] a m]e faultf9d]1 b he 0 end[$ ) ! gifts ( imag9ation & sympa?y1 lead+ him to feel himself a "p ( e situation he 0 plac$ 91 & ) ! irrepressible impulse to action driv+ him to take ^u himself ! burd5 ( x4 ,9 any cr[d ( by/&]s he w\ld h be5 fir/ to g to ! rescue :]e ne$ 01 & quicke/ to see ! ne$ n obvi\s to all4 ,! alo(ness ( ! m]e obs]v] 0 n 82 he 0 too completely "o ) all he saw to /& ap>t & let x g its way alone4 ,fe>ful & di/ru/ful ( himself he long 01 b 8 timidity 0 only ! natural %r9k+ be=e new & untri$ duties ( a s\l t saw m cle>ly & felt m ke5ly ?an mo/4 ,! imp]ative dem&s inevitably made ^u him by e situation l$ him in/9ctively to dread putt+ himself :]e he c\ld n help respond+ to ! call ( unfamili> tasks2 b once !re1 ! summons 0 irresi/ible1 & he ?rew himself into ! new responsibilities ) a =getfulness ( self possible only to him :o has d5i$ its claims1 & ) a fe>lessness possible only to him :o has conqu]$ fe>4 ,he might int]pret 8 confid5ce z tru/ 9 ,god1 won by ! pa? ( a complete contempt ( 8 own p[]s2 b h[ev] und]/ood1 x gave him an indep5d5ce & a disreg>d ( consequ5ces :i* made 8 consci5ce & 8 vision effective = re=m4 ,mc,giffert sugge/s a comp>ison ( ,lu!r )1 let u say1 ,erasmus4 ,_h he be5 a humani/1 he w\ld h laugh$ ! :ole ?+ ,tetzel's sell+ ( indulg5ces to scorn z an explod$ sup]/ition b5ea? ! contempt ( an intellig5t man2 _h he be5 a s*ola/ic !ologian1 he w\ld h sat 9 8 /udy & drawn f9e di/9ctions to ju/ify ! traffic )\t bo!r+ himself ab\t its influ5ce ^u ! lives ( ! vulg> populace4 ,b he 0 nei!r humani/ nor s*oolman4 ,he _h a consci5ce :i* made indiff]5ce impossible1 & a simplicity & directness ( vision :i* compell$ him to bru% aside all equivocation & g /raight to ! he>t ( ?+s4 ,) x all he 0 at once a dev\t & believ+ son ( ! ,*ur*1 & a practical prea*] pr(\ndly conc]n$ = ! spiritual & moral welf>e ( ! common p4 7p4 #ff;f4 #hg47 ,_h ,lu!r consid]$ 8 p]sonal int]e/s z ,erasmus did1 he w\ld n h become ! ,lu!r t we "k4 ,erasmus 9 8 day 0 reg>d$ z ! wise/ ( m52 ,lu!r 9 8 own view1 l ,paul1 frequ5tly _h to make a fool ( himself 9 ord] to a*ieve 8 purpose4 ,= in/ance1 :5 he wrote aga9/ ! dull>ds at ! ,univ]sity ( ,l\va91 aga9/ ! sacrilegi\s cot]ie at ,rome t 0 runn+ ! ,*ur* & ! _w pretty mu* z !y pleas$1 or aga9/ ! brutal ,hans ,wur/ 7,duke ,h5ry ( ,brunswick74 ,erasmus & 8 s*ool ( g5tle re=m]s always c\nsel$ a slack5+ ( ! pace & ! use ( ! s(t p$al4 ,:]e is ,erasmus to-day 9 ! _w's valuation8 ,ev5 ,rome1 9 ^: bosom he ne/l$1 & :o fondl$ him = a season1 has ca/ him aside z wor?less4 ,lu!r lives yet1 to ! delight n only ( ,col]idge1 b ( millions ( ! _w's be/ m51 :o1 ) ! ,briti% div9e1 reg>d him ?is v h\r z a purify+ & pres]v+ _s to ,*ri/ianity at l>ge4 ,lu!r 0 consci\s ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! me?od ( w>f>e betwe5 himself & 8 colabor] ,melan*?on4 ,he says3 ,i am r\gh1 boi/]\s1 /ormy1 & altoge!r w>like4 ,i am born to fight aga9/ innum]able mon/]s & devils4 ,i mu/ remove /umps & /ones1 cut away ?i/les & ?orns1 & cle> wild =e/s2 b ,ma/] ,philip comes along s(tly & g5tly1 s[+ & wat]+ ) joy1 accord+ to ! gifts :i* ,god has abundantly be/[$ ^u him1 7#ad1 #agf47 ,dr4 ,?oluck1 writ+ on ,lu!r's ra%ness1 says3 ,:at w\ld h become ( ! ,*ur* if ! ,"l's s]vants & prophets _h at all times done no?+ else ?an spread salves ^u sores & walk s(tly8 ,he introduces ,lu!r 9 8 own def5se3 ,on "o occasion1 :5 ask$ by ! ,m>quis ,joa*im ,i :y he wrote aga9/ ! pr9ces1 he return$ ! beautiful answ]3 ',:5 ,god int5ds to f]tilize ! gr\nd1 ,he mu/ ne$s s5d fir/ ( all a good ?und]/orm1 & aft]w>ds sl[ & g5tle ra91 & ?us make x ?or\ghly productive4' ,else:]e he says3 ',a will[-bran* may be cut ) a knife & b5t ) a f+]1 b = a great & gn>l$ oak we mu/ use an ax & a w$ge'2 & aga93 ',if my tee? _h be5 less %>p1 ! ,pope w\ld h be5 m voraci\s4' ',( :at use is salt1' he exclaims 9 ano!r passage1 'if x d n bite ! tongue8 or ! blade ( a sword unless x be %>p en\gh to cut8 ,does n ! prophet say1 ,curs$ be he t doe? ! "w ( ! ,"l deceitfully1 & keepe? back 8 sword f blood8' ,"o reflection sugge/s itself 9 ?is connection t goes f> to exon]ate ,lu!r3 ! language :i* ! ,bible employs aga9/ h]etics & ungodly m54 ,x calls !m dogs1 ,ps4 #bb1 #bj2 #ei1 #f2 ,is4 #ef1 #aj2 ,matt4 #g1 #f2 ,phil4 #c1 #b2 ,rev4 #bb1 #ae2 sw9e1 ,matt4 #g1 #f2 bo>s & wild bea/s1 ,ps4 #hj1 #ac2 drom$>ies & asses1 ,j]4 #b1 #bc;f42 bullocks1 ,j]4 #ca1 #ah2 bell[+ bulls1 ,j]4 #ej1 #aa2 vip]'s brood1 ,matt4 #c1 #g2 foxes1 ,cant4 #b1 #e2 ,luke #ac1 #cb2 s]p5ts1 ,matt4 #bc1 #cc2 sons ( ,belial1 #a ,sam4 #b1 #ab2 *ildr5 ( ! devil1 ,acts #ac1 #aj2 ,satan's synagog1 ,rev4 #b1 #i4 ,z reg>ds its language1 ! ,bible1 too1 agrees ) ! conditions ( ! times 9 :i* x 0 writt54 ,:5 ,god1 to express ,8 righte\s ang]1 addresses ! ungodly 9 su* t]ms ( utt] contempt1 ,he tea*es u h[ to reg>d !m &1 on occasion1 to speak ( !m4 ,?is co>se ,lu!r is n m vehem5t & repulsive 9 8 spee* ?an ! holy ,^w ( ,god4 ,we rem>k$ be=e t we w\ld n apologize = ,lu!r's ra%ness & co>se spee*4 ,lu!r's acts are self-v9dicat+2 !y w approve !mselves to ! discrim9at+ judgm5t ( e read] ( hi/ory4 ,we c appreciate ?is s5tim5t ( ,mc,giffert 3 ,z well apologize = ! fury ( ! w9d z = ! vehem5ce ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,! ,psalmi/ calls ^u ! =ces ( nature3 ,praise ! ,"l1 fire1 & hail2 sn[ & vapors2 /ormy w9d fulfill+ ,8 ^w4 7,ps4 #adh1 #g4 #h47 ,god has a mission t our philosophy does n fa?om = ! mad hurry & de/ruction ( ! :irlw9d4 ,h[ silly x w\ld be to criticize a cyclone because x is n a zephyr6 ,we c imag9e a sc5e l ?is3 ,! battle ( ,gettysburg is 9 progress & a g5tle lady is p]mitt$ to see x f a di/ance by a grim1 w>like guide1 & ! foll[+ conv]sation ensues3 ,:y1 !y are %oot+ at ea* o!r6 ,did y see t naughty man /ab ! pretty soldi] "r ?r\gh 8 uni=m8 ,yes1 madam1 t is :at he is !re =4 ,b is x n horrid8 ,yes1 madam1 x is p]fectly horrid4 ,x is hell4 ,b :at are !y do+ ?is bea/ly "w =8 ,madam1 !y are fight+ = a pr9ciple t is to keep ?is c\ntry a unit$ republic4 ,c any?+ be m horrid8--,i mean1 n ! pr9ciple1 b ?is awful but*]y4 ,yes1 madam1 !re is some?+ m horrid ?an t4 ,:at is x8 ,if !re w\ld be no "o to fight = t pr9ciple4 ,w> is nev] a pleasant affair4 ,:5 m5 are =c$ to fight = :at is de>] to !m ?an life1 !y w /rike h>d & deep4 ,x is silly to expect a soldi] to walk up to 8 enemy ) a fly bru% & %oo him away1 or to /op & consid] :at po/]ity w\ld probably reg>d z ! lea/ objectionable way = dispat*+ an enemy4 ,lu!r 0 call$ to be a w>rior2 he _h to use w>riors' me?ods4 ,any g5]al 9 a bloody campaign c be criticiz$ = viol5ce ) z mu* reason z is %[n by "s critics ( ,lu!r4 #e4 ,! ,popes 9 ,lu!r's ,"t4 ,to judge intellig5tly ! activity ( ,lu!r x is necess>y to und]/& ! /ate ( ! ,*ur* 9 8 day & ! "* ( ! *ief bi%ops ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:5 read+ mod]n c5sures ( ,lu!r's attacks ^u ! papacy1 "o wond]s :y no?+ is said ab\t ! ?+ t ,lu!r attack$4 ,ca?olic critics ( ,lu!r surely mu/ "k :at papal fil? lies accumulat$ 9 ! ,comm5t>ii di ,m>9o ,sanuto1 9 ,alegretto ,alegretti's ,di>i ,sanesi1 9 ! ,relazione di ,polo ,capello1 9 ! ,di>io de ,seba/iano di ,branca de ,til9i1 9 ! ,successo di la ,morte di ,papa ,aless&ro1 9 ,tommaso ,+hirami's ,fea1 ,notizie ,intorno ,rafaele ,sanzio da ,urb9o1 & o!rs4 ,ranke work$ ) ^! au?orities :5 he wrote 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,popes4 ,:at ab\t ! au?orities :i* ,giesel] cites 9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory-- ,muratori1 ,fabronius1 ,ma*iavelli1 ,sabellicus1 ,raynaldus1 ,ecc>dus1 ,bur*>dus1 etc48 ,a compassionate age has relegat$ ! exact acc\nt ( ! moral /ate ( ! papacy 9 ,lu!r's days to le>n$ works1 & ev5 9 ^! !y are giv5 mo/ly 9 ,lat9 footnotes4 ,9 ! language ( ,augu/us ,birrell1 !y are too co>se4 ,lu!r's life 7#adhc-aedf7 falls into ! adm9i/ration ( n9e ,popes3 ,sixtus ,,iv1 #adga-adhd2 ,innoc5t ,,viii1 #adhd-adib2 ,alex&] ,,vi1 #adib-aejc2 ,pius ,,iii1 #bf days 9 #aejc2 ,julius ,,ii1 #aejc-aeac2 ,leo ,x1 #aeac-aeba2 ,hadrian ,,vi1 #aebb-aebc2 ,clem5t ,,vii1 #aebc-aecd2 ,paul ,,iii1 #aecd-aedi4 ,speak+ ( ?is s]ies ( ,popes1 ! hi/orian ,giesel] says3 ,! succession ( ,popes :i* n[ foll[s proves ! deg5]acy ( ! c>d9als 7f among :om ! ,pope is *os57 z to all discipl9e & s5se ( %ame3 !y 7 di/+ui%$ = no?+ b undisguis$ meanness & wick$ness2 !y 7 reprobates4 ,( ,sixtus ,,iv he says3 ,8 *ief motive 0 ! small ambition to raise 8 family f _! l[ e/ate to ! highe/ rank4 ,infam\s transactions :i* result$ 9 ! murd] ( ,julian de ,m$ici :ile at high mass 9 *ur* & ! hang+ ( ! ar*bi%op ( ,pisa f a w9d[ ( ! t[n hall by ! exasp]at$ p1 w>s1 conspiracies1 alliances1 annulm5ts ( alliances1 9 %ort1 all ! acts t fill up ! turbul5t life ( a crafty & grasp+ politician1 are record$ = 8 adm9i/ration4 ,he did n scruple to employ ! au?ority ( 8 exalt$ (fice = ! fur!rance ( 8 political s*emes4 ,?us he excommunicat$ ,v5ice & =m$ a w>like alliance aga9/ ! city4 ,b ! ,v5etians reg>d$ 8 religi\s ?und]bolts z little z 8 physical pr[ess4 ,vexation at ?is ha/5$ ! dea? ( ! ,pope1 :o 0 hat$ z mu* z he 0 despis$4 ,ranke1 on ! au?ority ( ,alegretti1 relates ( ,pope ,sixtus ,,iv3 ,! ,colonna family1 oppon5ts ( ! ,pope's nephew ,ri>io1 0 p]secut$ by him ) ! mo/ savage f]ocity4 ,he seiz$ on _! doma9 ( ,m>9o1 & caus+ ! pro?onot>y ,colonna to be attack$ 9 8 own h\se1 took him prison]1 & put him to dea?4 ,! "m ( ,colonna came to ,/4 ,celso1 9 ,ban*i1 :]e ! corpse lay1 & lift+ ! sev]$ head by its hair1 %e exclaim$3 ',behold ! head ( my son4 ,su* is ! tru? ( ! ,pope4 ,he promis$ t my son %\ld be set at lib]ty if ,m>9o 7 deliv]$ into 8 h&s4 ,he is possess$ ( ,m>9o1 &1 behold1 we h my son--b dead4 ,?us does ! ,pope keep 8 ^w4' ,8 successor1 ,innoc5t ,,viii1 9 defiance ( ! conditions ( 8 election1 s\ght ) a /ill m pr(ligate vil5ess to exalt & enri* 8 sev5 illegitimate *ildr54 ,he _h be5 elect$ on ! condition t he w\ld make only "o blood relative a c>d9al1 & t c]ta9 o!r b5efices ( ! ,*ur* %\ld n be giv5 to any "o relat$ to him4 ,! p call$ him ,noc5s 7! ,guilty ,"o1 or ! ,h>mful ,"o7 in/ead ( ,innoc5t1 & immortaliz$ ! prolific pat]nity ( ?is sa9tly celibate 9 ! foll[+ epigram3 ,octo ,noc5s g5uit pu]os totidemque puellas1 ,hunc m]ito pot]it dic]e ,roma patrem1 t is1 ,noc5s begat eight boys & an equal numb] ( maid5s2 ,rightly1 !n1 ,rome w be able to call ?is g5tleman fa!r4 ,he c>ri$ on two w>s ) ,f]d9&1 k+ ( ,naples1 until ! ye> #adib1 & br\ght =w>d ,r5atus1 duke ( ,lorra9e1 z pret5d] to 8 cr[n4 ,true1 he proce$$1 z 8 pr$ecessors _h done1 to enc\rage pr9ces & p to und]take exp$itions aga9/ ! ,turks2 b :5 ,ds*em1 ! bro!r & rival ( ! ,turki% ,sultan ,bajazet1 0 deliv]$ ov] to him at ! head ( an army aga9/ ! ,turks1 he *ose r to deta9 him 9 prison on consid]ation ( an annual tribute f ! ,turki% ,sultan4 ,! /ory h[ ! ,pope got possession ( ! ,turki% pr9ce & refus$ #bjj1jjj ducats ransom = him because he _h receiv$ an (f] ( #fjj1jjj f ano!r p>ty1 reads l a /ory ( pr(essional brig&age4 ,alex&] ,,vi1 ! mo/ deprav$ ( all ! ,popes1 likewise recogniz$ no l(ti] aim ?an to heap honors & possessions ^u 8 five illegitimate *ildr51 & among !m especially 8 favorite1 ,caes> ,borgia4 ,! nuptials celebrat$ = ! ,pope's daught] ,lucretia--:o1 by ! way1 0 a divorcee--7 by no means peculi>ly decor\s4 ,! ,lat9 *ronicl] :o has relat$ !m reports 9 ?is connection t ! moral /ate ( ! cl]gy at ,rome 0 indescribably l[4 ,! example ( ! ,popes _h set ! pace = ! re/4 ,f ! highe/ to ! l[e/ ea* prie/ _h 8 concub9e z a sub/itute = m>ri$ life 7concub9as 9 figura matrimonii71 & t1 q op5ly4 ,! good *ronicl] rem>ks3 ,if ,god does n provide a re/ra9t1 ?is corruption w pass on to ! monks & ! religi\s ord]s2 h[ev]1 ! mona/]ies ( ! city are ne>ly all become bro!ls already1 & no "o raises 8 voice aga9/ x4 ,wad+ ?r\gh ! mephitic rott5ness ( ^! anci5t *ronicles1 "o is seiz$ ) nausea4 ,holy ?+s1 religi\s privileges1 _h become m]*&ise ) :i* ! ,popes traffick$4 ,! *ronicl] ,bur*>dus relates3 ,9 ^? days ! foll[+ c\plet 0 sung 9 ne>ly ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w3 ,v5dit ,alex&] claves1 ,alt>ia1 ,*ri/um1 ,em]at i/a prius1 v5d]e ju/e pote/4 ,! mean+ ( ?is satire is3 ,alex&] sells ! p[] ( ! keys ( heav51 ! "r to (ficiate at ! alt>1 yea1 ,*ri/ ,himself2 he _h fir/ b\ght ^! ?+s himself1 !re=e he has a "r to sell !m aga94 ,unblu%+ p]fidy 0 practis$ by ?is ,pope 9 8 deal+s ) k+s :o 7 8 religi\s subjects4 ,9 a qu>rel ) ,*>les ,,viii ( ,france he ?reat5$ ! k+ ) excommunication1 & s\ght aid f ! ,turki% ,sultan4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ,*>les appe>$ 9 ,rome1 ! ,pope w5t ov] to 8 side imm$iately1 & deliv]$ up to him ,pr9ce ,ds*em2 b he took c>e to h him poison$ imm$iately1 t he might n lose ! price set ^u 8 head by ! ,sultan4 ,?us he conciliat$ ! ,fr5* mon>* & fill$ 8 purse by "o & ! same act4 ,by traffic 9 b5efices1 sale ( indulg5ces1 ex]cise ( ! "r ( spoils1 & taxes = ! ,turki% w>1 z well z by ! murd] ( ri* or tr\blesome p]sons1 ,alex&] 0 seek+ to scrape toge!r z mu* money z possible to support ! wanton luxury & %ameful lic5ti\sness ( 8 c\rt1 & provide treasures = 8 *ildr54 ,9 _! correspond5ce m5 :o _h deal+s ) him w\ld ref] to him 9 su* t]ms z ^!3 ,t mon/r\s head--t infam\s bea/6 7,hoc mon/ruoso capite--hac infami belua67 ,at l5g? ! poison :i* ! ,pope _h meant = a ri* c>d9al1 9 ord] to make himself ma/] ( 8 weal?1 br\ght ^u himself well-des]v$ dea?4 ,! ,pope's butl] _h be5 brib$ & ex*ang$ ! poison-cup int5d$ = ! ,pope's victim = ! ,pope's cup1 & ! ,pope took 8 own m$ic9e4 ,on ! basis ( ,alegretti's notes1 ,ranke has drawn a f9e p5-picture ( ! reign ( t]ror :i* ,caes> ,borgia1 ! favorite son ( ,alex&] ,,vi1 inaugurat$ at ,rome4 ,) no relative or favorite w\ld ,caes> ,borgia endure ! p>ticipation ( 8 p[]4 ,8 own bro!r /ood 9 8 way3 ,caes> caus$ him to be murd]$ & ?r[n into ! ,tib]4 ,8 bro!r-9-law 0 assail$ & /abb$1 by 8 ord]s1 on ! /eps ( 8 palace4 ,! w\nd$ man 0 nurs$ by 8 wife & si/]1 ! latt] prep>+ 8 food ) h] own h&s1 to secure him f poison2 ! ,pope set a gu>d ^u ! h\se to protect 8 son-9-law f 8 son4 ,caes> laugh$ ^! precautions to scorn4 ',:at _c be done at noonday1' said he1 'may be br\ght ab\t 9 ! ev5+4' ,:5 ! pr9ce 0 on ! po9t ( recov]y1 he bur/ into 8 *amb]1 drove out ! wife & si/]1 call$ 9 ! common execution]1 & caus$ 8 un=tunate bro!r-9-law to be /rangl$4 ,t[>d 8 fa!r1 ^: life & /ation he valu$ only z a means to 8 own aggr&izem5t1 he display$ n ! slighte/ respect or feel+4 ,he slew ,p]oto1 ,alex&]'s favorite1 :ile ! unhappy man clung to 8 patron = protection1 & 0 wrapp$ )9 ! pontifical mantle4 ,! blood ( ! favorite fl[$ ov] ! face ( ! ,pope4--,= a c]ta9 "t ! city ( ! apo/les & ! :ole /ate ( ! ,*ur* 7 9 ! h&s ( ,caes> ,borgia4 4 4 4 ,h[ did ,rome tremble at 8 "n6 ,caes> requir$ gold1 & possess$ enemies4 ,e night 7 ! corpses ( murd]$ m5 f\nd 9 ! /reets1 yet none d>$ move2 = :o b might fe> t 8 turn w\ld be next8 ,^? :om viol5ce c\ld n rea* 7 tak5 (f by poison4 ,!re 0 b "o place on e>? :]e su* de$s 7 possible--t1 namely1 :]e unlimit$ temporal p[] 0 unit$ to ! highe/ spiritual au?ority1 :]e ! laws1 civil & ecclesia/ical1 7 held 9 "o & ! same h&4 ,pope ,julius1 :o came into p[] aft] ! tw5ty-six days' reign ( ,pius ,,iii1 0 a w>like man4 ,he engag$ 9 ! bolde/ op]ations1 risk+ all to obta9 all4 ,he took ! field 9 p]son1 & hav+ /orm$ ,mir&ola1 he press$ into ! city across ! froz5 dit*es & ?r\gh ! brea*2 ! mo/ disa/r\s rev]ses c\ld n %ake 8 purpose1 b r seem$ to wak5 new res\rces 9 him4 ,he wre/$ ,p]ugia & ,bologna f _! lords4 ,z ! p[]ful /ate ( ,v5ice refus$ to surr5d] h] conque/s1 he resolv$ at l5g?1 albeit unwill+ly1 to avail himself ( =eign aid2 he jo9$ ! ,league ( ,cambrai1 conclud$ betwe5 ,france & ! ,emp]or1 & assi/$ ) spiritual & temporal weapons to subdue ! republic4 ,v5ice1 n[ h>d press$1 yield$ to ! ,pope1 9 ord] to divide ?is ov]:elm+ alliance4 ,julius1 already al>m$ at ! progress ( ! ,fr5* 9 ,italy1 readily grant$ 8 =giv5ess1 & n[ comm5c$ ho/ilities aga9/ ! ,fr5* & _! ally1 ,alphonso1 ,duke ( ,f]r>a4 ,he decl>$ t ! k+ ( ,france _h =feit$ 8 claim on ,naples1 & inve/$ ,f]d9& ! ,ca?olic ) ! solo dom9ion ( 8 realm4 ,he issu$ a s5t5ce ( condemnation aga9/ ! ,duke ( ,f]r>a4 ,lewis ,,xii /rove 9 va9 to al>m him by ! ,national ,c\ncil ( ,t\rs1--,g]many1 by sev]e gravam9a 7compla9ts ( national grievances aga9/ ! ,papal ,see71 & by ! ?reat ( ! ,pragmatic ,sanction 7an imp]ial ord] to confirm ! decrees ( su* re=m c\ncils z t ( ,basel74 ,n ev5 a ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 summon$ at ,pisa by ! two mon>*s = ! fir/ ( ,septemb]1 #aeaa1 ) ! dread phantom ( a re=m ( ! ,*ur*1 c\ld b5d ! viol5t ,pope4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,pisa ! ,pope neutraliz$ by conv5+ a ,lat]an ,c\ncil1 :i* at ! ,pope's bidd+ hurl$ its ?und]+ manife/os 9 ! "n ( ! ,almighty aga9/ ! ,pope's enemies4 ,he di$ :ile ?is conflict 0 rag+4 ,lu!r 0 9 ,rome :ile ! ,pope 0 engag$ z j relat$4 ,:at elem5ts ( appall+ gre$ & levity _h ent]$ ! holie/ transactions ( ! ,*ur* c be se5 f ! foll[+ summ+ up ( ! situation d>+ ,lu!r's "t3 ,a l>ge am\nt ( worldly p[] 0 at ?is "t conf]r$ 9 mo/ in/ances1 toge!r ) ! bi%oprics2 !y 7 held m or less z s9ecures accord+ to ! degree ( influ5ce or c\rt favor possess$ by ! recipi5t or 8 family4 ,! ,roman ,curia ?\ght only ( h[ x might be/ d]ive advantage f ! vacancies & pres5tations2 ,alex&] extort$ d\ble annates or fir/-fruits1 & levi$ d\ble1 nay1 triple ti!s2 !re rema9$ few ?+s t _h n become matt] ( pur*ase4 ,! taxes ( ! papal *anc]y rose high] f day to day1 & ! comptroll]1 ^: duty x 0 to prev5t all abuses 9 t dep>tm5t1 mo/ commonly ref]r$ ! revision ( ! impo/s to ^? v m5 :o _h fix$ _! am\nts4 ,= e indulg5ce obta9$ f ! dat>y's (fice1 a /ipulat$ sum 0 paid2 ne>ly all ! disputes occurr+ at ?is p]iod betwe5 ! /ates ( ,europe & ! ,roman ,c\rt arose out ( ^! exactions1 :i* ! ,curia s\ght by e possible means to increase1 :ile ! p ( all c\ntries z zeal\sly /rove to re/ra9 !m4 ,pr9ciples su* z ^! necess>ily act$ on all ranks affect$ by ! sy/em bas$ on !m1 f ! highe/ to ! l[e/4 ,_m ecclesia/ics 7 f\nd ready to r5\nce _! bi%oprics2 b !y reta9$ ! great] "p ( ! rev5ues1 & n unfrequ5tly ! pres5tation ( ! b5efices dep5d5t on !m also4 ,ev5 ! laws =bidd+ ! son ( a cl]gyman 767 to procure induction to ! liv+ ( 8 fa!r1 & enact+ t no ecclesia/ic %\ld dispose ( 8 (fice by w 7671 7 cont9ually evad$2 = z all c\ld obta9 p]mission to appo9t :omsoev] he might *oose z 8 coadjutor1 provid$ he 7 lib]al ( 8 money1 s ! b5efices ( ! ,*ur* became 9 a mann] h]$it>y4 ,x foll[$ ( necessity t ! p]=mance ( ecclesia/ical duties 0 griev\sly neglect$4 4 4 4 ,9 all places incompet5t p]sons 7 intru/$ ) ! p]=mance ( cl]ical duties2 !y 7 appo9t$ )\t scrut9y or selection4 ,! incumb5ts ( b5efices 7 pr9cipally int]e/$ 9 f9d+ sub/itutes at ! l[e/ possible co/2 ?us ! m5dicant fri>s 7 frequ5tly *os5 z p>ticul>ly suitable 9 ?is respect4 ,^! m5 occupi$ ! bi%oprics "u ! title 7previ\sly unhe>d ( 9 t s5se7 ( suffragans2 ! cures !y held 9 ! capacity ( vic>s4 767 ,9 ord] n to ext5d ?is review too long1 we %all ref] only to "o o!r ,pope1 ,leo ,x4 ,x 0 9 ! ma9 a prosp]\s reign t 0 inaugurat$ by ,leo ,x4 ,a treaty 0 conclud$ ) ,france1 :i* _h invad$ ,italy4 ,by a diplomatic maneuv] ! ,pragmatic ,sanction 0 annull$1 & ! ,lat]an ,c\ncil 0 ord]$ to pron\nce its dea?-w>rant4 ,france 0 humbl$4 ,all resi/ance 0 va9 aga9/ ! alliance ( ! highe/ spiritual ) ! highe/ temporal p[]4 ,n[1 at la/1 ! papacy seem$ once m to h quell$ ! ho/ile _s :i* _h gr[n up at ,con/ance & ,basel 7two *ur* c\ncils :i* tri$ to re=m ! papacy1 b fail$71 & f\nd its /ronghold 9 ,france1 & at ?is v "t x 0 ne> its mo/ griev\s fall4 ,two ye>s lat] ,lu!r1 n fa?om+ z yet ! dep?s ( iniquity :i* he 0 beg9n+ to lay b>e1 publi%$ 8 ,n9ety-,five ,!ses4 ,leo ,x is ! ,pope t excommunicat$ ,lu!r4 ,ranke describes ! clos+ h\rs ( 8 life4 ,! ,pope _h be5 extremely successful 9 8 political s*emes4 ,p>ma & ,plac5tia 7 recov]$1 ! ,fr5* 7 compell$ to )draw1 & ! ,pope might safely calculate on ex]cis+ great influ5ce ov] ! new sov]eign ( ,milan4 ,x 0 a crisis ( inf9ite mom5t3 a new /ate ( ?+s _h aris5 9 politics--a great movem5t _h comm5c$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,! aspect ( affairs p]mitt$ ,leo to flatt] himself t he %\ld reta9 ! p[] ( direct+ ! fir/1 & he _h succe$$ 9 repress+ ! second4 7,?is ref]s to ,lu!r's prote/2 ! ,pope 01 ( c\rse1 mi/ak5 9 ! view t he _h put a /op to ,lu!r's movem5t by excommunicat+ him47 ,he 0 /ill "y en\gh to indulge ! anticipation ( fully pr(it+ by ! results ( ?is auspici\s mom5t4 ,/range & delusive de/9y ( man6 ,! ,pope 0 at 8 villa ( ,malliana :5 he receiv$ intellig5ce t 8 p>ty _h triumphantly ent]$ ,milan2 he ab&on$ himself to ! exultation aris+ naturally f ! successful completion ( an important ent]prise1 & look$ *e]fully on at ! fe/ivities 8 p 7 prep>+ on ! occasion4 ,he pac$ backw>d & =w>d till deep 9 ! night1 betwe5 ! w9d[ & ! blaz+ he>?--x 0 ! mon? ( ,novemb]4 ,some:at exhau/$1 b /ill 9 high spirits1 he arriv$ at ,rome1 & ! rejoic+s !re celebrat$ = 8 triumph 7 n yet conclud$1 :5 he 0 attack$ by a mortal disease4 ',pray = me1' said he to 8 s]vants1 't ,i may yet make y all happy4' ,we see t he lov$ life1 b 8 h\r 0 come1 he _h n "t to receive ! sacram5t nor extreme unction4 ,s sudd5ly1 s prematurely1 & surr\nd$ by hopes s bright6 he di$-'z ! poppy fade?4' ,9 ! record ( ,sanuto1 :o is witness = ^! ev5ts1 !re is a ,lett]a di ,hi]onymo ,bon a suo b>ba1 a di #e ,dec4 :i* conta9s ! foll[+3 ,x is n c]ta9ly kn[n :e!r ! ,pope di$ ( poison or n4 ,he 0 op5$4 ,ma/] ,f]n&o judg$ t he 0 poison$1 o!rs ?\ght n4 ,( ?is la/ op9ion is ,ma/] ,sev]9o1 :o saw him op5$1 & says he 0 n poison$4 7,ranke1 ,i1 #cd ff42 ,giesel]1 ,,iii1 #bij ff41 at r&om47 ,out ( su* conditions grew ,lu!r's "w4 ,b on ^! conditions ,ca?olic critics ( ,lu!r ma9ta9 a discreet--%all we n say1 a guilty8--sil5ce4 ,few ,ca?olic laym5 to :om ! horrors ( ,lu!r's life are pa9t$ ) repulsive effect "k ! horrors :i* ,lu!r fac$4 ,!y are only told t ,lu!r attack$ ,holy ,"m4 ,!y are n told t ,holy ,"m _h become ! h>lot ( ! ages4 #f4 ,lu!r's ,bir? & ,p>5tage4 ,ca?olic writ]s make ?or\gh "w 9 expla9+ ! reasons = ,lu!r's defection f ,rome4 ,!y apply to ,lu!r's /ubborn resi/ance ! law ( h]$ity3 ,lu!r's wildness 0 cong5ital4 ,"s h decl>$ him ! illegitimate *ild ( a ,bohemian h]etic1 o!rs1 ! oaf ( a wit*1 /ill o!rs1 a *angel+ ( ,beelzebub1 etc4 ,_m ( ^! writ]s1 giv+ !mselves ! airs ( pa9/ak+ inve/igators :o h made c>eful rese>*1 repeat ! tale ( ,b>b\r1 viz41 t ,lu!r 0 born 9 ! day-&-night room ( an inn at ,eisleb54 ,if ?is is s1 ,lu!r's "m mu/ h be5 a travel] on ! day ( h] fir/ conf9em5t4 ,if ?is 7 s1 ! fact c\ld1 ( c\rse1 be easily expla9$ )\t di%onor to ,lu!r's "m3 %e m]ely miscalculat$ ! date ( ! bir? ( h] fir/-born1--n an unusual occurr5ce4 ,c>lyle believ$ ?is /ory1 b gave x an almo/ too honorable turn1 by lik5+ ! inn at ,eis5a* to ! inn at ,be?lehem4 ,b ?is /ory ( ,lu!r's bir? 9 a b>-room is n hi/ory2 x belongs 9 ! realm ( my?ology4 ,nobody kn[s to-day ! h\se :]e ,lu!r 0 born4 ,pres]v$ ,smi?1 8 late/ ,am]ican biograph]1 says !re is a h\se %[n at ,eisleb5 z ,lu!r's bir?place1 b x is n well au!nticat$4 7p4 #b47 ,!re is a b> & a re/aurant 9 ?is p>ticul> build+ n[1 = ! accommodation ( =eign visitors4 ,x is possible t 9 ?is my?ical bir?place ( ,lu!r y c get a /e9 ( foam+ monk's brew or a b5$ict9e f ! mona/]y at ,fecamp1 or a *>treuse f ,t>ragona1 di/ill$ accord+ to ! secret =mula ( ! holy fa!rs ( ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse4 ,if y sip a suffici5t quantity ( ^! p]suasive liquors1 y w f9d x possible to believe mo/ any?+4 ,& ! bless+ ( ! holy fa!rs :o h prep>$ ! bev]ages = y\r repa/ w be giv5 y gratis 9 addition to _! liquors4 ,! j\rney ( ,lu!r's "m to ,eisleb5 :i* compell$ h] to put up at an inn is1 likewise1 imag9>y4 ,melan*?on1 ,lu!r's associate dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ,re=m]'s life1 inve/igat$ ! matt] & /ates t ,lu!r 0 born at 8 p>5ts' home 9 ,eis5a* dur+ _! tempor>y soj\rn 9 t city1 prior to _! removal to ,mansfeld4 ,^! /ories ab\t ! place & mann] ( ,lu!r's bir? orig9at$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,!y 7 unkn[n 9 ,lu!r's "t4 ,g5]ations aft] a great man has di$ gossip becomes busy & beg9s to relate rem>kable incid5ts ( 8 life4 ,l9coln did n say or d "o half ( ! int]e/+ ?+s relat$ ab\t him4 ,he has be5 drawn into t magical circle :]e my?s are =m$1 because 8 great "n w ar\se int]e/ 9 ! wilde/ tale4 ,t is :at has happ5$ to ,lu!r4 ,^! my?s are an unconsci\s tribute to 8 greatness4 ,"o might let !m pass z su* & smile at !m4 ,b ! ,ca?olic v]sion ( ,lu!r's bir? is ne$$ by _! writ]s z a coroll>y to ano!r fact :i* !y h discov]$ ab\t ,lu!r's fa!r ,hans4 ,hans ,lu!r1 s _! /ory runs1 0 a fugitive f ju/ice at ! "t ( 8 ,m>t9's bir?4 ,9 a fit ( ang] he _h assault$ or sla9 a man 9 8 native village ( ,moehra1 & ab&on+ 8 small l&hold+s1 he fl$ ) 8 wife1 :o 0 9 an advanc$ /age ( pregnancy4 ,color is l5t to ?is /ory by ! discov]y t ! ,lu!rs at ,moehra 7 g5]ally viol5t folk4 ,rese>* 9 ! (ficial c\rt-dockets at ,salzung51 ! seat ( ! judicial di/rict to :i* ,moehra belong$1 %[s t brawls 7 frequ5t 9 t village1 & "s ,lu!rs 7 involv$ 9 !m4 ,n[ foll[s ! ,ca?olic d$uction1 plausible1 reasonable1 appeal+1 j l ! assumption ( ,m>y3 ,out ( ! gn>ly wood ( ?is relation%ip1 consi/+ mo/ly ( p[]ful1 pugnaci\s f>m]s1 ass]tive ( _! rights1 ,lu!r's fa!r grew4 ,?is /ory 0 />t$ 9 ,lu!r's lifetime4 ,george ,wicel1 :o _h fall5 away f ! evangelical fai?1 accus$ ,lu!r ( hav+ a homicide = a fa!r4 ,9 #aefe1 he publi%$ ! /ory "u a false "n at ,p>is1 b gave no details4 ,9 ,moehra no?+ 0 kn[n ( ! matt] until ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,?is circum/ance alone is damag+ to ! :ole /ory4 ,lu!r 0 dur+ 8 lifetime expos$ to scrut9y ( 8 mo/ private affairs z no o!r man4 ,if ,wicel's tale c\ld h be5 au!nticat$1 we may re/ assur$ t w\ld h be5 done at ! "t4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury a m9+ (ficial 9 ,?ur+ia by ! "n ( ,mi*aelis told ! /ory ( ,hans ,lu!r's homicide ) ! necess>y detail to make x appe> real4 ,obs]ve1 ?is 0 #bbj ye>s aft] ! alleg$ ev5t4 ,x _h be5 ?is way3 ,hans ,lu!r _h qu>rel$ ) a p]son :o 0 pl[+ 8 field1 & _h accid5tally sla9 ! man ) ! bridle1 or halt]1 ( 8 horse4 ,sev]al ,prote/ant writ]s n[ began to express belief 9 ! /ory4 ,travel]s came to ,moehra = ! express purpose ( inve/igat+ ! matt]1 e4g41 ,mr4 ,mayhew ( ! ,london ,pun*4 ,behold1 ! /ory _h assum$ def9ite %ape ?r\gh be+ kept alive a hundr$ ye>s3 ! accommodat+ citiz5s ( ,moehra 7 n[ able to po9t out to ! inquir+ ,engli%man ! v mead[ :]e ! homicide _h tak5 place4 ,x takes an ,engli%man on ! av]age two ye>s & f\r mon?s to see ! po9t ( a joke4 ,by ?is "t1 we d\bt n1 x w be possible to exhibit to any confid+ dunce ! v horse-bridle ) :i* ,hans ,lu!r committ$ manslaught]1 also ! actual hole :i* he knock$ into ! head ( 8 victim1 beautifully surr\nd$ by a bord] ( blue & gre51 :i* are ! colors :i* ! bruise assum$ six h\rs aft] ! infliction4 ,! bord] may n be g5u9e1 b we d>e any ,ca?olic inve/igator to disprove ! g5u95ess ( ! hole4 ,writ]s belong+ to a *ur* t is ri* 9 leg5ds ( ! sa9ts & 9 relics ought to "k h[ a tale l ,wicel's c assume respectability & cr$ibility 9 ! c\rse ( "t4 ,x is n any m difficult to acc\nt = ^! tales ab\t ,hans ,lu!r's homicide ?an = ! exi/5ce 9 our late day ( ! rope ) :i* ,judas hang$ himself1 or ! te>s :i* ,pet] wept 9 ! night ( ! betrayal1 or ! spl9t]s f ! cross ( ! ,"l1 or ! fea!rs f ! w+s ( ! angel ,gabriel1 & sundry o!r m>vels :i* are exhibit$ 9 ,ca?olic *ur*es = ! v5]ation ( ! fai?ful4 ,no hi/orian t has a reputation z a s*ol> to lose to-day cr$its ! /ory ( ,hans ,lu!r's homicide4 ,x is improbable on its face4 ,! small l&hold+s ( ,hans at ,moehra are n real1 b irreal e/ate4 ,nobody has f\nd ! title = !m4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a v good reason :y ,hans %\ld want to leave ,moehra4 ,he 01 accord+ to all t is kn[n ( 8 fa!r's family1 ! olde/ son4 ,accord+ to ! old ,?ur+ian law ! home place & appurt5ances ( a peasant freehold] pass$ to ! y\nge/ son4 ,mc,giffert reg>ds ! cu/om z admirably c>eful ( ^? mo/ ne$+ c>e4 7p4 #d47 ,lu!r's fa!r1 on com+ ( age1 0 by ?is law compell$ to g & seek 8 =tune else:]e1 because opportunity = ris+ to indep5d5ce !re 0 none = him at ,moehra4 ,if ,hans 0 a fugitive f ju/ice1 he 0 c]ta9ly unwise 9 n flee+ f> en\gh4 ,= at ,eis5a*1 :i!r he w5t1 he 0 /ill "u ! same ,saxon jurisdiction z at ,moehra4 ,he seems to h _h no fe> ( abid+ "u ! sov]eignty :i* he is claim$ to h (f5d$4 ,?is obs]vation has l$ "o ( ! mo/ exact & pa9/ak+ ( mod]n biograph]s ( ,lu!r1 ,koe/l91 to say t ! homicide /ory1 if x re/s on any basis ( fact1 mu/ ei!r ref] to a diff]5t ,lu!r1 or if to ,hans1 ! incid5t _c h be5 a homicide4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t !re is no au!ntic record :i* 9 any way incrim9ates ,hans ,lu!r4 ,la/ly1 ?is homicide ,hans ,lu!r1 eight ye>s aft] com+ to ,mansfeld1 is elect$ by 8 fell[-t[nsm5 "o ( ! ,vi]h]r51 or ald]m51 ( ! t[n4 ,only mo/ tru/$ & well-reput$ p]sons 7 giv5 su* an (fice4 ,a homicide w\ld n h be5 all[$ to settle at ,mansfeld1 mu* less to gov]n ! t[n4 ,any rogue 9 ! t[n t he _h to discipl9e 9 8 "t ( (fice w\ld h ?r[n 8 bloody record up to him4 ,a ,ca?olic writ] says3 ,! wild passion ( ang] 0 an unext+ui%$ & unmodifi$ h]itage transmitt$ cong5itally to ! :ole ,lu!r family1 & ?is to su* an ext5t t ! ,lu!rzorn 7,lu!r rage7 has atta9$ ! curr5cy ( a ,g]man colloquialism4 ,mr4 ,mayhew ?9ks t ,m>t9 0 a v]itable *ip ( ! h>d old block1 ! high-mettl$ foal ca/ by a fi]y blood-horse4 ,ca?olic writ]s cite ,mr4 ,mayhew z a di/+ui%$ ,prote/ant4 ,if y h n he>d ( him be=e1 look him up 9 ,:o is ,:o8 mo/ any:]e4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 is a desp]ate attempt to f9d pro( aga9/ an assum$ crim9al by circum/antial evid5ce4 ,no direct evid5ce has ev] be5 available to implicate ,lu!r's fa!r 9 a village brawl4 ,z to ! ,lu!rzorn1 ,lu!r has 9 scores ( places expla9$ ! real reason ( x3 ,lu!r did n inh]it1 b ,rome r\s$ x4 ,?is ,lu!rzorn may arise 9 any p]son t is n remotely relat$ to ! ,lu!rs aft] read+ ,ca?olic biographies ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 #g4 ,lu!r's ,great ,mi/ake4 ,ca?olic writ]s cont5d t ,lu!r made a mi/ake :5 he became monk4 ,prote/ants %>e ?is view1 b put ! emphasis 9 ! s5t5ce3 ,lu!r became a monk1 at a diff]5t place4 ,9 ! ,prote/ant view ! mi/ake is ?is1 t ,lu!r became a monk1 9 ! ,ca?olic view1 x is ?is1 t ,lu!r became a monk4 ,prote/ants reg>d mona/icism l>gely z a p]v]sion ( ! laws ( nature & ( ,*ri/ian morals4 ,9 an in/itution ( ?is k9d ,lu!r c\ld n f9d ! relief he s\ght4 ,8 mi/ake 0 t he s\ght x !re4 ,ca?olics view monk]y z ! highe/ ideal ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 & blame ,lu!r = ent]+ ?is mode ( life :5 he 0 altoge!r unfit = x4 ,!y reg>d ,lu!r z guilty ( sacrilege f> seek+ admission into ! ord] ( ,augu/9ian fri>s4 ,:5 he 0 p]mitt$ to turn monk1 t :i* is holy 0 giv5 unto a dog1 & pe>ls 7 ca/ be=e a sw9e4 ,ca?olics argue t ,lu!r's *e]less boyhood1 ! pov]ty ( 8 p>5ts1 ! h>d "w & close economy t 0 ! ord] 9 ! home at ,mansfeld1 ! h>% & cruel treatm5t :i* ,lu!r receiv$ f p>5ts t 7 giv5 to fits ( uncontrollable rage induc$ 9 ,lu!r a morose1 sull5 _s4 ,he became brood+ & /ubborn :5 yet a *ild4 ,he 0 a mo/ unruly boy at s*ool4 ,8 "* 0 n improv$ :5 he 0 s5t abroad = 8 education & _h to s+ = 8 bread or beg 9 ! /reets4 ,8 rebelli\s _s f\nd n\ri%m5t 9 ^! humiliations4 ,ow+ to 8 melan*oly temp]am5t & gloomy fits1 he made no fri5ds4 ,he felt himself misund]/ood ev]y:]e4 ,ev5 ! little season ( sun%9e t came into 8 "y life at ! ,cotta home 9 ,eis5a* did n cure him ( ! morbid feel+ t nobody appreciat$ him4 ,he began to loa! ! /udies :i* he 0 pursu+ 9 accordance ) ! wi% ( 8 fa!r4 ,to c]ta9 occurr5ces1 l ! slay+ ( a fell[-/ud5t1 an accid5t ) :i* he met on a vacation trip1 & a sudd5 ?und]/orm1 he gave an om9\s int]pretation :i* deep5$ 8 despond5cy4 ,at la/ he det]m9$1 inconsid]ately & precipitately1 to ent] a cloi/]4 ,8 fri5ds in/9ctively felt he 0 n qualifi$ or fitt$ = ! sublime vocation to :i* he aspir$1 & !y accord+ly us$ all _! p[]s to dissuade him f ! c\rse he _h *os54 ,all _! ef=ts 7 fruitless1 & f ! gayety & frolic ( ! banquet :i* he _h giv5 8 fell[-/ud5ts z a f>ewell p>ty he w5t to ! mona/]y4 ,he 0 s reckless t he took ?is /ep ev5 )\t ! cons5t ( 8 p>5ts4 ,he knew little ab\t ! ways ( ,god1 & 0 n well in=m$ ( ! gravity & responsibilities ( ! /ep he 0 tak+4 ,he 0 n call$ by ,god to conv5tual life2 4 4 4 he 0 driv5 by despair1 r ?an ! love ( high] p]fection1 into a religi\s c>e]4 ,ca?olics feel s sure t !y h a case aga9/ ,lu!r t 9 all s]i\sness !y ask ,prote/ants ! "q3 ,did he act hone/ly :5 he knelt be=e ! prior ask+ to be receiv$ into ! ord]8 ,lu!r has lat] 9 life giv5 v>i\s reasons = ent]+ ! mona/]y4 ,8 case 0 n simple1 b complex4 ,"o reason1 h[ev]1 :i* he has assign$ is ! sev]e br++ up :i* he _h at 8 home4 ,hausra? is satisfi$ ) ?is "o reason1 & _m ,ca?olic writ]s adopt 8 view4 ,b ?is rem>k ( ,lu!r is evid5tly misappli$ if x is made to mean t ,lu!r s\ght ease1 com=t1 l5i5cy 9 ! cloi/] z a relief f ! h>d life :i* he _h be5 lead+4 ,lu!r _h grasp$ ! fundam5tal idea 9 monk]y q well3 flight f ! secul> life z a means to become exceptionally holy4 ,he s\ght quiet = m$itation & devotion1 b no physical ease & e>?ly com=ts4 ,he knew ( ! rigors ( cloi/]-life4 ,he will+ly b[$ to ! g5tle yoke ( ,*ri/--?us ran ! monki% ritual--:i* ! life ( an eremite among eremites 0 to impose on him4 ,8 h>d life 9 ! days ( 8 boyhood & y\? _h be5 an unconsci\s prep>ation = ?is life4 ,he _h be5 /rictly tra9$ to fe> ,god & keep ,8 comm&m5ts4 ,! holy life ( ! sa9ts _h be5 held up to him z f> back z he c\ld rememb] z ! m>vel ( ,*ri/ian p]fection4 ,home & ,*ur* _h coop]at$ 9 deep5+ ! impressions ( ! sanctity ( ! monki% life 9 him4 ,:5 he saw ! emaciat$ ,duke ( ,anhalt 9 monk's g>b ) 8 begg>'s wallet on 8 back tott]+ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,magdeburg1 & ev]ybody held 8 brea? at ?is magnific5t spectacle ( advanc$ ,*ri/ianity1 & !n broke =? 9 pr(use eulogies ( ! pr9cely pilgrim to ! glories ( monki% sa9?ood1 t left an indelible impression on ! fifte5-ye>-old boy4 ,:5 he obs]v$ ! ,c>?usians at ,eis5a*1 we>y & wan ) _m a vigil1 somb] & taciturn1 toil+ up ! rugg$ /eps to a heav5 beyond ! common heav52 :5 he talk$ ) ! "y prie/s at ! t[ns :]e he /udi$1 & all prais$ ! life ( a monk to ?is "y seek] aft] p]fect righte\sness2 :5 9 cloi/]-ridd5 ,erfurt he obs]v$ t ! monks 7 outw>dly1 at lea/1 treat$ ) peculi> rev]5ce1 c any "o wond] t 9 a m9d long+ = peace ) ,god ! resolve sil5tly rip5$ into ! act3 ,i w be a monk8 ,we1 too1 w\ld call ?is an act ( despair4 ,we w\ld say ) ,lu!r3 ,despair makes monks4 ,b ! despair :i* we mean1 & :i* ,lu!r meant1 is g5u9e spiritual despair4 ,:at ,ca?olics call ,lu!r's despair is really desp]ation1 a reckless1 d>e-devil plung+ ( a crim9al into a spl5did ,ca?olic sanctu>y4 ,t ,lu!r's act decid$ly 0 n4 ,by ,rome's own tea*+ ,lu!r belong$ 9 ! cloi/]4 ,t mode ( life 0 orig9ally design$ to meet ! ne$s ( j su* m9ds z 84 ,8 ent]+ ! mona/]y 0 ! logical sequ5ce ( 8 previ\s ,ca?olic tutelage4 ,rome has ?is monk on its consci5ce1 & a good _m m besides4 ,z piety w5t 9 ^? days1 ,lu!r _h be5 rais$ a pi\s "y man4 ,he 0 morally clean4 ,he 0 a consi/5t1 yea1 a scrupul\s memb] ( 8 ,*ur*1 regul> 9 8 daily devotions1 rev]5c+ e ord9ance ( ! ,*ur*4 ,also dur+ 8 /ud5t ye>s he kept himself unspott$ f ! moral contam9ations ( ! academic life4 ,he abhorr$ ! /ud5ts :o 7 devot$ to ,k+ ,gambr9us & ,knight ,tannhaeus]4 ,he loa!d ! tav]ns & bro!ls ( ,erfurt4 ,! ,cotta home 0 no ,bi]/ube 9 8 day4 ,! banquet-hall :]e he met 8 fri5ds ! ev5+ be=e he ent]$ ! cloi/] 0 no banquet-hall 9 ! mod]n s5se ( ! t]m4 ,t he play$ ! lute at ?is f>ewell p>ty1 & t !re 7 "s honorable maid5s pres5t1 is n[adays relat$ ) a w9k ( ! eye by ,ca?olics4 ,b !re 0 no?+ wrong 9 all ! proce$+s ( t ev5+4 ,x 0 inde$ an honorable ga!r+4 ,lu!r 0 nev] a prudi% man or fanatic4 ,he lov$ ! dec5t joys & pleasures ( life4 ,lu!r ga!r$ 8 fri5ds ab\t him to take a dec5t leave ( !m4 ,he did n run away f !m secretly1 z _m monks h done4 ,he op5$ up 8 m9d to !m at ?is la/ meet+4 ,! conv]sation t ensu$ 0 a te/ ( ! /r5g? ( ! convictions he _h =m$4 ,8 0 an introspective nature4 ,he _h wre/l$ daily ) ! s9 t ev] besets u4 ,he knew t ) all 8 conv5tional religi\sness he c\ld n pass mu/] be=e ,god4 ,ov] 8 wa%-bas9 he 0 ov]he>d moan+3 ,! m we wa%1 ! m unclean we become4 ,he felt l ,paul :5 he groan$3 ,o wret*$ man t ,i am1 :o %all deliv] me f ! body ( ?is dea?8 7,rom4 #g1 #bd47 ,he 0 sorr[+ = 8 poor s\l4 ,he 0 hung]+ & ?ir/+ = righte\sness4 ,:5 w ,i ev] atta9 to t /ate ( m9d t ,i am sure ,god is pleas$ ) me8 he mus$ di/ract$ly4 ,:at he c\ld n f9d :ile engag$ 9 8 secul> pursuits1 t1 he 0 told1 ! cloi/] c\ld give him4 ,to obta9 t he ent]$ ! mona/]y4 ,if ev] ,rome _h an hone/ applicant = monk]y1 ,lu!r is t man4 ,nor did he act precipitately4 ,z %[n1 ! ?\ght ( ?is act _h be5 quietly =m+ 9 him = ye>s4 ,:5 he made 8 ra% v[ to ,/4 ,anna1 he /ill all[$ two weeks to pass be=e he put 8 resolution into action4 ,try & picture to y\rself 8 /ate ( m9d dur+ ^? f\rte5 days6 ,mov+ ab\t 9 8 cu/om>y surr\nd+s1 he 0 daily prob+ ! correctness ( 8 contemplat$ *ange ( life4 ,he f\ght a s\l-battle 9 ^? days1 & ! remembrance ( 8 fa!r made t battle none ! easi]4 ,f ! ,ca?olic /&po9t ,lu!r des]ves an aureole = t /ruggle4 ,aft] ent]+ ! cloi/]1 he 0 /ill at lib]ty = a ye> & a half to retrace 8 fatal /ep4 ,b 8 fir/ impressions 7 favorable2 monk]y really seem$ to br+ him he>t's ease & peace1 & !re 0 no "o to disabuse 8 m9d ( ! delusion4 ,aft] ne>ly two ye>s 9 ! mona/]y1 :ile sitt+ ) 8 fa!r at ! cloi/] bo>d on ! ev5t ( 8 ord9ation to ! prie/hood1 he decl>es to 8 fa!r t he enjoys ! quiet1 contemplative life t he has *os54 ,surely1 he made a mi/ake by becom+ monk1 b ,ca?olics _c fault him = t mi/ake4 ,if ! life ( monks & nuns is really :at !y claim t x is3 ! highe/ & mo/ p]fect =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 !y %\ld consi/5tly give any p]son cr$it = mak+ ! ef=t to lead t life4 ,9 fact1 !y ought all to turn monks & nuns to honor _! own pr9ciples4 #h4 ,lu!r's ,failure z a ,monk4 ,mona/icism is a pagan %oot graft$ on a ,*ri/ian tree4 ,at its base lies ! hea!ni% notion t s9 c be extirpat$ by sev]e onslaughts ^u ! body & ! physical life4 ,x has exi/$ 9 ,buddhism be=e "s ,*ri/ians adopt$ x4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity x 0 proclaim$ z sup]ior wisdom by ! ,platonic philosoph]s4 ,l _m a lie x has be5 deck$ out ) ,bible-texts to give x respectability1 & to soo! disquiet$ consci5ces4 ,! ,scripture-say+s reg>d+ fa/+1 sexual cont95ce1 *a/ity1 crucify+ ! fle%1 etc41 are made to /& sponsor = ?is ba/>d (fspr+ ( ! bra9 ( ,*ri/ian my/ics4 ,) excell5t discrim9ation ,mo%eim has trac$ ! orig9 ( mona/icism to ! e>ly ,*ri/ian fa!rs4 ,! e>lie/ impulses to mona/icism are conta9$ 9 su* writ+s z ! ,epi/le to ,z5as1 f\nd among ! writ+s ( ,ju/9us1 ! tracts ( ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria on ,calumny1 ,pati5ce1 ,cont95ce1 & o!r virtues1 ! tracts ( ,t]tullian on practical duties1 su* z ,*a/ity1 ,flight f ,p]secution1 ,fa/+1 ,!atrical ,exhibitions1 ! ,dress ( ,females1 ,pray]1 etc4 ,^! writ+s w\ld be p]us$ ) great] pr(it1 7 x n = ! gloomy & morose _s :i* !y ev]y:]e brea!4 4 4 4 ,9 :at e/imation !y ought to be held1 ! le>n$ are n agre$4 ,"s hold !m to be ! v be/ guides to true piety & a holy life2 o!rs1 on ! contr>y1 ?9k _! precepts 7 ! wor/ possible1 & t ! cause ( practical religion c\ld n be committ$ to worse h&s4 4 4 4 ,to u x appe>s t _! writ+s conta9 _m ?+s excell5t1 well consid]$1 & well calculat$ to k9dle pi\s emotions2 b also _m ?+s unduly rigor\s1 & d]iv$ f ! ,/oic & ,academic philosophy2 _m ?+s vague & indet]m9ate2 & _m ?+s positively false1 & inconsi/5t ) ! precepts ( ,*ri/4 ,if "o des]ves ! title ( a bad ma/] 9 morals :o has no j ideas ( ! prop] b\nd>ies & limitations ( ,*ri/ian duties1 nor cle> & di/9ct conceptions ( ! diff]5t virtues & vices1 nor a p]ception ( ^? g5]al pr9ciples to :i* recurr5ce %\ld be _h 9 all discussions respect+ ,*ri/ian virtue1 & !re=e v (t5 talks at r&om1 & blund]s 9 exp\nd+ ! div9e laws2 ?\gh he may say _m excell5t ?+s1 & excite 9 u consid]able emotion2 !n ,i c readily admit t 9 /rict tru? ?is title belongs to _m ( ! ,fa!rs4 4 4 4 ,!y admitt$1 ) good int5tions no d\bt1 yet mo/ inconsid]ately1 a great error 9 reg>d to morals1 & p]nici\s to ,*ri/ianity2 an error :i*1 ?r\gh all succe$+ ages to our times1 has produc$ an inf9ity ( mi/akes & evils ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,jesus1 our ,savior1 prescrib$ "o & ! same rule ( life or duty to all ,8 disciples4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian doctors1 ei!r by too great a desire ( imitat+ ! nations among :om !y liv$1 or f a natural prop5sity to au/]ity & gloom1 7a disease t _m labor "u 9 ,syria1 ,egypt1 & o!r prov9ces ( ! ,ea/17 7 induc$ to ma9ta9 t ,*ri/ _h prescrib$ a tw(old rule ( hol9ess & virtue2 ! "o ord9>y1 ! o!r extraord9>y2 ! "o l[]1 ! o!r high]2 ! "o = m5 ( bus9ess1 ! o!r = p]sons ( leisure1 & su* z desir$ high] glory 9 ! future _w4 ,!y !re=e e>ly divid$ all t _h be5 taught !m ei!r 9 books or by tradition1 respect+ a ,*ri/ian life & morals1 into ,precepts & ,c\nsels4 ,!y gave ! "n ,precepts to ^? laws :i* 7 univ]sally obligatory1 or 7 enact$ = all m5 ( all descriptions2 b ! ,c\nsels p]ta9$ solely to ^? :o aspire aft] sup]ior hol9ess & a clos] union ) ,god4 ,!re soon arose1 !re=e1 a class ( p]sons :o pr(ess$ to /rive aft] t extraord9>y & m em95t hol9ess1 & :o1 ( c\rse1 resolv$ to obey ! ,c\nsels ( ,*ri/1 t !y might h intimate communion ) ,god 9 ?is life1 & might1 on leav+ ! body1 rise )\t imp$im5t or difficulty to ! cele/ial _w4 ,!y suppos$ _m ?+s 7 =bidd5 to !m :i* 7 all[$ to o!r ,*ri/ians1 su* z w9e1 fle%1 matrimony1 & worldly bus9ess4 ,!y ?\ght !y mu/ emaciate _! bodies ) wat*+1 fa/+1 toil1 & hung]4 ,!y consid]$ x a bless$ ?+ to retire to des]t places1 & by sev]e m$itation to ab/ract _! m9ds f all ext]nal objects1 & :atev] delights ! s5ses4 ,bo? m5 & wom5 impos$ ^! sev]e re/ra9ts on !mselves1 ) good int5tions1 ,i suppose1 b sett+ a bad example1 & greatly to ! injury ( ! cause ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y 71 ( c\rse1 d5om9at$ ,ascetics1 ,zeal\s ,ones1 ,elect1 & also ,philosoph]s2 & !y 7 di/+ui%$ f o!r ,*ri/ians1 n only by a diff]5t appellation1 b by peculi>ities ( dress & demeanor4 ,^? :o embrac$ ?is au/]e mode ( life liv$ inde$ only = !mselves1 b !y did n )draw !mselves altoge!r f ! society & conv]se ( m54 ,b 9 process ( "t1 p]sons ( ?is description at fir/ retir$ into des]ts1 & aft]w>ds =m$ !mselves into associations1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,ess5es & ,!rapeutae4 ,! causes ( ?is in/itution are at h&4 ,fir/1 ! ,*ri/ians did n l to appe> inf]ior to ! ,greeks1 ! ,romans1 & ! o!r p among :om !re 7 _m philosoph]s & sages1 :o 7 di/+ui%$ f ! vulg> by _! dress & _! :ole mode ( life1 & :o 7 held 9 high honor4 ,n[ among ^! philosoph]s 7z is well kn[n7 none bett] pleas$ ! ,*ri/ians ?an ! ,platoni/s & ,py?agoreans1 :o are kn[n to h recomm5d$ two modes ( liv+1 ! "o = philosoph]s :o wi%$ to excel o!rs 9 virtue1 & ! o!r = p engag$ 9 ! common affairs ( life4 ,! ,platoni/s prescrib$ ! foll[+ rule = philosoph]s3 ,! m9d ( a wise man mu/ be )drawn1 z f> z possible1 f ! contagi\s influ5ce ( ! body4 ,& z ! oppressive load ( ! body & social int]c\rse are mo/ adv]se to ?is design1 !re=e all s5sual gratifications are to be avoid$2 ! body is to be su/a9$1 or r mortifi$1 ) co>se & sl5d] f>e2 solitude is to be s\ght =2 & ! m9d is to be self-collect$ & absorb$ 9 contemplation1 s z to be deta*$ z mu* z possible f ! body4 ,:oev] lives 9 ?is mann] %all 9 ! pres5t life h conv]se ) ,god1 &1 :5 fre$ f ! load ( ! body1 %all asc5d )\t delay to ! cele/ial mansions1 & %all n ne$1 l ! s\ls ( o!r m51 to und]go a purgation4 ,! gr\nds ( ?is sy/em lay 9 ! peculi> s5tim5ts ent]ta9$ by ?is sect ( philosoph]s & by _! fri5ds1 respect+ ! s\l1 demons1 matt]1 & ! univ]se4 ,& z ^! s5tim5ts 7 embrac$ by ! ,*ri/ian philosoph]s1 ! necess>y consequ5ces ( !m 71 ( c\rse1 to be adopt$ also4 ,:at is "h /at$ w excite less surprise if x be rememb]$ t ,egypt 0 ! l& :]e ?is mode ( life _h its orig94 ,= t c\ntry1 f "s law ( nature1 has always produc$ a great] numb] ( gloomy & hypo*ondriac or melan*oly p]sons ?an any o!r2 & x /ill does s4 ,"h x 0 long be=e ! ,savior's bir?1 n only ! ,ess5es & ,!rapeutae--^? ,jewi% sects1 compos$ ( p]sons ) a morbid melan*oly1 or r p>tially d]ang$--_h _! *ief resid5ce2 b _m o!rs also1 t !y might bett] please ! gods1 )drew !mselves z by ! in/9ct ( nature f comm]ce ) m5 & ) all pleasures ( life4 ,f ,egypt ?is mode ( life pass$ into ,syria & ! neighbor+ c\ntries1 :i* 9 l mann] always ab\nd$ ) unsociable & au/]e individuals3 & f ! ,ea/ x 0 at la/ introduc$ among ! nations ( ,europe4 ,h5ce ! num]\s maladies :i* /ill de=m ! ,*ri/ian _w2 h5ce ! celibacy ( ! cl]gy2 h5ce ! num]\s h]ds ( monks2 h5ce ! two species ( life1 ! !oretical & my/ical4 7,eccles4 ,hi/41 ,i1 #abh f47 ,"o may well feel pity = ! orig9al monks4 ,_! zeal 0 h]oic1 b x 0 sp5t ^u an issue t is 9 its v root & core a haughty presumption & a lie4 ,exhau/ all ! ,scripture-texts :i* speak ( indwell+ s91 ( ! lu/ t rages 9 our memb]s1 ( ! duty to keep ! body "u by fa/+ & vigilance1 & !re w n be f\nd en\gh ,bible to cov] ! nak$ness ( ! mona/ic pr9ciple4 ,its fundam5tal ?\ght ( a select type ( piety to be atta9$ by spectacul> ef=ts at self-mortification flies 9 ! face ( ! doctr9e t we are rid ( s9 & sanctifi$ by div9e grace alone4 ,monki% hol9ess is a sl&] ( ! ,r$eem]'s all-suffici5t sacrifice = s9 & ( ! "w ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,x />t$ 9 paganism1 & wants to drag ,*ri/ianity back into paganism4 ,b mona/icism 9 ,lu!r's day 0 no long] ( ! sort :i* "o may view ) a pa!tic int]e/4 ,! old mona/ic ideals _h be5 l>gely ab&on$4 ,in/ead ( crucify+ ! fle%1 ! monks 7 nurs+ & fondl+ c>nal-m9d$ness4 ,! cloi/]s _h become cesspools ( corruption4 ,because ! reputation ( monks 0 utt]ly bad1 & monks 7 publicly scorn$ & d]id$1 ,lu!r's fri5ds tri$ to dissuade him f ent]+ ! cloi/]4 ,t 0 ! reason1 too1 :y ,lu!r's fa!r 0 s deeply %ock$ :5 he he>d ( :at 8 ,m>t9 _h done1 & ,lu!r _h to assure 8 fa!r t he _h n gone into ! h]d ( monks to seek :at p believ$ m5 s\ght 9 t pr(ligate company4 ,= t reason1 too1 he _h *os5 ! ,augu/9ian ord]1 because a /rong re=m movem5t _h be5 />t$ 9 t ord]1 & its reputation 0 bett] ?an t ( ! o!r ord]s4 ,lu!r meant to be a monk ( ! orig9al type4 ,s9ce ! days ( ,alex&] ( ,hales1 ,alb]t ! ,great1 & ,?omas ,aqu9as ! ,roman ,*ur* tea*es t !re is 9 ! ,*ur* a treasury ( sup]]ogatory works1 t is1 ( good works :i* ,*ri/ & ! sa9ts h p]=m$ 9 excess ( :at is ord9>ily dem&$ ( e man 9 ! way ( upright liv+4 ,we %all meet ) ?is idea aga9 9 ano!r connection4 ,x fl[s f ! mona/ic pr9ciples4 ,monks mu/ h n only en\gh sanctity = _! own ne$s1 b to sp>e4 ,( ?is sup]flu\s sanctity !y may make an assignm5t 9 favor ( o!rs4 ,d n smile incr$ul\sly2 monks actually make su* assignm5ts4 ,lu!r may n h ?\ght ( ?is :5 he ent]$ ! cloi/]1 b he rejoic$ 9 ?is s*eme ( sub/itutive sanctity lat]4 ,he ?\ght he _h f\nd 9 monk]y a gold-m9e ( hol9ess t w\ld be suffici5t n only = himself1 b also = 8 p>5ts4 ,:ile at ,rome "s ye>s lat]1 he 0 9 a way sorry t 8 fa!r & "m 7 n already 9 purgatory4 ,he _h su* a f9e *ance !re to accumulate sup]]ogatory good works :i* he might h transf]r$ to !m to %ort5 _! agonies1 or release !m entirely4 ,9 ord] to make a successful monk1 "o mu/ be ei!r a ,ph>isee or an epicurean4 ,! ,ph>isee takes an inv5tory ( ! works nam$ 9 ! ,law ( ,god1 & sets out to p]=m ^! 9 an ext]nal1 me*anical mann]4 ,he adds a few works ( 8 own inv5tion = good measure4 ,e "w p]=m$ c\nts2 x con/itutes m]it4 ,on ! basis ( 8 two pecks & a half ( m]it ! ,ph>isee n[ beg9s to drive a b>ga9 ) ,god3 = s mu* m]it he claims s mu* di/9ction & glory4 ,he figures x all out to ,god1 s t ,god %all n make a mi/ake at ! "t ( ! settlem5t3 ,i h n be5 ?is1 nor t1 nor ! o!r ?+2 ,i h done ?is1 & t1 & "s m4 ,consequ5tly 4 4 4 6 ,! epicurean is a jolly fatali/4 ,:atev] is to happ5 w happ54 ,:y worry8 ,g along at an ev5 pace2 eat1 dr9k1 be m]ry1 b = ,heav5's sake d n take a s]i\s or tragical view ( any?+6 ,take ?+s z !y are2 if y c improve !m1 well & good2 if n1 let x pass2 =get x2 eat a good meal & g to sleep4 ,lu!r 0 nev] an epicurean4 ,! s]i\sness ( life _h confront$ him at a v e>ly date4 ,! s5se ( duty 0 highly develop$ 9 him f e>ly y\?4 ,9 all t he did he felt himself z a be+ t is responsible to 8 ,mak] & ,judge4 ,easy-go+ indiff]5ce & ready self-pity 7 n 9 8 "*4 ,= ?is ,lu!r is n[ fault$ by ,ca?olics4 ,x is said he ext5d$ ! rigors ( mona/icism beyond ! b\nds ( reasonabl5ess4 ,he 0 too sev]e ) himself4 ,he outrag$ human nature4 ,q correct2 b is n mona/icism by itself an outrage ^u human nature8 ,lu!r _h endur$ ! mona/]y = ! v purpose ( endur+ h>dness4 ,he did n fl9* :5 ! battle into :i* he _h gone comm5c$ 9 e>ne/4 ,lu!r is said to h be5 t>dy & neglectful 9 ! obs]vance ( ! rules ( ! ord]4 ,sometimes he w\ld omit ! canonical h\rs1 t is1 ! /at$ pray]s1 or "s =m ( prescrib$ devotion1 & !n he w\ld endeavor to make up = ! loss by r$\bl$ ef=t1 :i* ov]tax$ 8 physical /r5g?4 ,q true4 ,x is n su* a r>e occurr5ce t a monk =gets ! "o or ! o!r ( ! m9utiae ( ! daily monki% r\t9e4 ,! regulations ( 8 ord]s ext5d$ to su* ?+s z ! po/ure :i* he mu/ assume :ile /&+1 :ile sitt+1 :ile kneel+2 ! movem5t ( 8 arms1 ( 8 h&s2 h[ to approa*1 h[ to move 9 front ( ! alt>1 h[ to leave x1 etc4 ,:5 8 m9d 0 engross$ ) ! /udy ( ! ,bible or "s comm5t>y ( a ,*ur* ,fa!r1 x 0 easy = ,lu!r to =get p>ts ( ! program :i* he 0 to c>ry out4 ,:5ev] ?is happ5$1 0 x n 8 duty to endeavor to repair ! damage8 ,7 n p5ances impos$ on him 9 ! confessional = e default8 ,lu!r is said to h be5 l$ into /ill deep] gloom by 8 /udy ( ! doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation4 ,true1 b ev5 ?is /udy did n lead ,lu!r (f into fatalism4 ,x t]rifi$ him1 because he /udi$ t pr(\nd doctr9e )\t a true p]ception ( div9e grace & ! mean+ ( ! ,r$eem]'s "w4 ,h[ev]1 ?is /udy did n at any "t p]man5tly affect 8 vigor\s /riv+ aft] hol9ess4 ,:5 ,ca?olics expla9 ,lu!r's failure z a monk by su* ass]tions1 !y involve !mselves 9 self-contradiction4 ,by _! own pr9ciples monk]y is n a natural life2 yet1 :5 a monk fails 9 8 monk]y1 !y fault him = n be+ natural4 ,fir/1 !y tell ! applicant t he mu/ n be :at he is1 & aft]w>ds !y blame him = want+ to be :at !y told him to be1 & :at he f9ds he _c be4 ,if ?is is n add+ insult to injury1 :at is8 ,francis ( ,assisi became a great sa9t by t v inhuman treatm5t ( himself = :i* ,lu!r is c5sur$4 ,b !n ,francis ( ,assisi did n quit 8 ord] & did n attack ! ,pope4 ,! o!r reason :y ,lu!r fail$ is1 because he c\ld n make a ,ph>isee ( himself1 :i* is only ano!r "n = hypocrite4 ,! ,law ( ,god _h su* a t]rible mean+ to him because he appli$ x z ! ,lawgiv] wants x appli$1 to 8 :ole inn] life1 to ! he>t1 ! s\l1 ! m9d1 & all 8 p[]s ( intellect & w4 ,x is comp>atively easy to make ! memb]s ( ! body g ?r\gh c]ta9 ext]nal p]=mances1 b to make ! m9d obey is a diff]5t proposition4 ,! discov]y :i* di%e>t5$ ,lu!r 01 t :ile he 0 outw>dly lead+ ! life ( a blameless monk1 8 inw>d life 0 n improv$4 ,s9 0 ev] pres5t ) him1 z x is ) e human be+4 ,he felt ! t]rible smit+s ( ! accus+ consci5ce because he 0 ke5ly alive to ! real dem&s ( ,god's ,law4 ,! holy ,law ( ,god wr\ght its w ^u him to ! fulle/ ext5t3 x r\s$ him to ang] ) ! ,god :o _h giv5 ?is ,law to man2 x l$ him into blasphem\s ?\ghts1 s t he recoil$ ) horror f himself4 ,does ! true ,law ( ,god1 :5 prop]ly appli$1 ev] h any o!r effect ^u natural man8 ,paul says3 ,x worke? wra? 7,rom4 #d1 #ae71 namely1 wra? 9 man aga9/ ,god4 ,x drives man to despair4 ,t is its legitimate function3 ,no p]son has t\*$ ! ess5ce ( ! ,law :o has n pass$ ?r\gh ^! awful exp]i5ces4 ,nor did any man ev] flee f ! ,law & run to ,*ri/ = %elt] b = ^! un5durable t]rors :i* ! ,law begets4 ,t 0 ,lu!r's :ole tr\ble1 & t is :y he fail$ z a monk3 he _h />t$ out to become a sa9t1 & he did n ev5 succe$ 9 mak+ a ,ph>isee ( himself4 ,if ,rome has produc$ a monk t succe$$ bett] ?an ,lu!r1 he ought to be exhibit$ & exam9$4 ,he w be f\nd ei!r an angel or a braz5 fraud4 ,he w n be a true man4 #i4 ,pr(essor ,lu!r1 ,d4 ,d4 ,ca?olic writ]s gre$ily grab e opportunity to belittle ,lu!r's s*ol>%ip4 ,inc5tives to /udy at home1 !y say1 he receiv$ none4 ,8 common s*ool education 0 wret*$4 ,dur+ 8 high s*ool /udies he 0 favor$ ) good tea*]s1 b hamp]$ by 8 home-br$ r\ghness & unc\?ness & 8 pov]ty4 ,he appli$ himself dilig5tly to 8 /udies1 b gave no sign ( be+ a g5ius4 ,at ! ,univ]sity ( ,erfurt1 too1 he 0 /udi\s1 b he seems to h made no great impression on ! ,univ]sity4 ,he paid little att5tion to grammatical details1 & nev] atta9$ to ,cic]onian purity & elegance 9 spee* & writ+4 ,:5 he made 8 ,a4 ,b31 he rank$ ?irte5? 9 a class ( fifty-sev54 ,he did a little bett] 9 8 ef=t = ! title ( ,a4 ,m41 :5 he came out second among sev5te5 c&idates4 ,b ,melan*?on is decl>$ entirely wrong :5 he relates t ,lu!r 0 ! wond] ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,8 !ological /udies prep>atory to 8 ent]+ ! prie/hood 7 v ha/y & sup]ficial4 ,/ill less prep>$ 0 he = ! "w ( a pr(essor4 ,8 duties 9 ! cloi/] left him little "t = le>n$ /udies4 ,yet he w5t to bibul\s ,witt5b]g1 to a little five-ye>-old univ]sity1 & lectur$ z be/ he c\ld4 ,by ! way1 our ,ca?olic fri5ds seem to =get t bibul\s ,witt5b]g 0 a good old ,ca?olic t[n at ! "t4 ,all ?+s consid]$1 ,lu!r's advancem5t 0 all too rapid2 x 0 n ju/ifi$ by 8 prep>atory /udies1 :i* _h be5 any?+ b deep1 solid1 sy/ematic4 ,! !ological culture he receiv$ 0 n on a p> ) t requir$ n[ by ! av]age sem9>ian1 let alone a ,doctor ( ,div9ity4 ,he accept$ ! title ( ,d4 ,d4 v reluctantly1 be+ consci\s t he did n des]ve x4 ,a feel+ ( ! insuffici5cy ( 8 education torm5t$ him all ?r\gh life4 ,x _c be d5i$ t he 0 indu/ri\s1 self-reliant1 ambiti\s1 b )al1 he 0 n a me?odically tra9$ man4 ,at bottom1 he 0 nei!r a philosoph] nor a !ologian1 & at no "t ( 8 life1 despite 8 ef=ts to acquire k1 did he %[ himself m ?an sup]ficially equipp$ to grapple ) s]i\s & difficult philosophical & religi\s problems4 ,8 /udy nev] rose to brilliancy4 ,?us runs ! ,ca?olic acc\nt ( ,pr(essor & ,doctor ,lu!r4 ,we h n quot$ ! wor/ ,ca?olic e/imates ( ,lu!r's s*ol>%ip4 ,he has also be5 call$ a dunce1 an ignoramus1 a b>b>ian4 ,aga9 x seems to escape ! ,ca?olics t ?is ill-tra9$1 insuffici5t1 half-bak$ ,doctor ( ,div9ity is a product ( _! own educational art4 ,:atev] advancem5t he receiv$ 9 ^? days 0 actually =c$ ^u him by ,ca?olics4 ,all 8 academic & ecclesia/ical honors came f ,ca?olic s\rces1 came to him1 moreov]1 z a good ,ca?olic4 ,also t highe/ & noble/ di/9ction :i* made him a duly call$ & accr$it$ exp\nd] ( ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,if !re is fault to be f\nd ) any?+ 9 ?is matt]1 x lies ) ! ,ca?olic me?od & process ( mak+ a "y man )9 ! space ( t5 ye>s a ,ba*elor ( ,arts1 a ,ma/] ( ,arts1 a prie/1 a pr(essor1 & a ,doctor ( ,sacr$ ,!ology2 x does n lie ) ! innoc5t subject to :om ?is pre/o6 *ange6 process 0 appli$4 ,b does ?is e/imate ( ,lu!r squ>e ) ! facts 9 ! case8 ,= a dunce or a m$iocre s*ol> ,lu!r has be5 a fair success4 ,8 little ability & scanty prep>ation makes 8 a*ievem5ts all ! m rem>kable4 ,! mo/ brilliant m9ds ( ! race1 = :om ! home1 ! ,*ur* & ! ,/ate1 religion1 sci5ce & art1 _h done _! be/1 h accompli%$ immeasurably less ?an ?is poor & mo/ly self-taught c\ntry boy4 ,god give ,8 ,*ur* _m m su* dunces6 ,! net results ( ,lu!r's le>n+ are op5 to inspection by ! _w 9 8 num]\s works4 ,able s*ol>s ( mo/ rec5t times h look$ into ,lu!r's writ+s ) a view ( det]m9+ h[ mu* le>n$ k he _h actually acquir$1 ev5 be=e he began 8 re=matory "w1 ,!y h f\nd t ,lu!r 0 v well v]s$ 9 ! favorite ,lat9 au?ors ( ! day3 ,v]gil1 ,t]5ce1 ,ovid1 ,aesop1 ,cic]o1 ,livy1 ,s5eca1 ,horace1 ,catullus1 ,juv5al1 ,silius1 ,/atius1 ,lucan1 ,suetonius1 ,sallu/1 ,qu9tilian1 ,v>ro1 ,pomponius ,mela1 ! two ,pl9ies1 & ! ,g]mania ( ,tacitus4 ,he possess$ a cr$itable am\nt ( k ( ,g5]al ,hi/ory & ,*ur* ,hi/ory4 ,he _h made a pr(\nd /udy ( ! lead+ philosoph]s & s*ola/ic !ologians ( ! ,middle ,ages3 ,?omas ( ,aqu9as1 ,pet] ,lomb>d1 ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 ,duns ,scotus1 ,occam1 ,gregory ( ,rim9i1 ,pi]re d',ailly1 ,g]son1 & ,biel4 ,two ( ^! he knew almo/ by he>t4 ,he _h /udi$ ! anci5t ,*ur* ,fa!rs3 ,ir5aeus1 ,cyprian1 ,eusebius1 ,a?anasius1 ,hil>y1 ,ambrose1 ,gregory ( ,nanzianz51 ,j]ome1 & su* lat] !ologians z ,cassiodorus1 ,gregory ! ,great1 & ,anselm ( ,cant]bury2 ,taul]1 ,lefevre1 ,erasmus1 & ,pico della ,mir&ola4 ,he 0 q at home 9 ! exegetical ,middle ,ages1 9 ! ,canon ,law1 9 ,ari/otle & ,porphyry4 ,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ ,g]man pr(essors to le>n ,greek & ,hebrew4 ,moreov]1 ,lu!r possess$1 besides k1 ^? indisp5sable requisites 9 a good pr(essor3 ! faculty ( pla91 cle>1 correct1 & indep5d5t ?\ght1 res\rcefulness1 acum5 7,boehm]1 p4 #agi f474 ,he _h ! c\rage to tell ! ,*ur* t x 0 a %ame1 t a hea!n philosoph]1 ,ari/otle1 %\ld =mulate ! doctr9es :i* ,*ri/ians are to believe & _! pa/ors are to tea*4 ,he ?rew ?is hea!n1 :o _h = ages dom9at$ ,*ri/ian tea*+1 out ( 8 lecture-room1 & took 8 /ud5ts /raight to ! pure f\nta9 ( religi\s tru?1 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,he publicly burn$ ! ,canon ,law by :i* ! ,roman ,*ur* _h =g$ *a9s = ! consci5ces ( m51 & :i* %e upholds to ?is day4 ,8 lecture-room became cr[d$ ) eag] & en?usia/ic /ud5ts1 & ! /ripl+ univ]sity plant$ on ! edge ( civilization 9 ! s&s along ! ,elbe became = a :ile ! religi\s & !ological hub ( ! _w4 ,! /ud5ts :o ga!r$ ab\t ,lu!r knew t !y _h a real pr(essor 9 him4 ,! _w ( 8 day came to ?is fl$gl+ doctor ) ! weightie/ que/ions1 & receiv$ answ]s t satisfi$4 ,t "p ( ! intellig5t _w ( to-day :i* has read & /udi$ ,lu!r endorses ! v]dict ( ,lu!r's contempor>ies z reg>ds 8 ample le>n+ & pr(ici5cy z a tea*]4 ,m le>n$ m51 inde$1 ?an ,lu!r !re h be54 ,"s ( ^! h also made attempts to introduce ne$$ re=ms 9 ! corrupt ,roman ,*ur*4 ,rome met _! le>n$ & labor$ argum5ts ) ! consummate skill ( a pa/ ma/] 9 sophi/ry4 ,^? le>n$ ef=ts came to naught4 ,rome w nev] be re=m$ by human le>n+ & s*ol>%ip4 ,s*ol>s are r>ely m5 ( action4 ,x is because ,pr(essor ,lu!r taught & act$ t ,rome hates him4 ,he w\ld h be5 p]mitt$ to lecture 9 peace :atev] he wi%$--o!rs 9 ! univ]sities 7 do+ t at ! "t--if he _h only be5 c>eful n to d any?+1 at lea/ n publicly1 aga9/ ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,t 0 ! unp>donable blund] ( ,lu!r t he want$ to live z he believ$1 & t he taught o!rs to d ! same4 ,= ?is reason he is a dull>d1 an ignoramus1 a poor s*ol>1 a poor writ]1 9 a ^w1 an inf]ior p]son f a lit]>y & s*ol>ly po9t ( view4 ,9 ,numb]s 7*ap4 #bb7 !re is a /ory told ( ! prophet ,balaam1 :o w5t out on a wick$ mission = :i* a great rew>d _h be5 promis$ him4 ,he rode along *e]fully1 fea/+ 8 av>ici\s he>t on ! great ho>d he w\ld br+ back1 :5 sudd5ly ! ass t bore him balk$4 ,! prophet began to beat ! animal1 b x did n budge an in*4 ,all at once ?is dunce ( an ass :i* _h nev] be5 put ?r\gh a spell+-book began to talk & remon/rat$ ) ! prophet3 ,am ,i n ?9e ass8 ,:at h ,i done unto !e t ?\ ha/ smitt5 me8 ,to 8 amazem5t ! prophet 0 able to und]/& ! ass q well4 ,?is dumb brute made its mean+ pla9 to a le>n$ man4 ,x 0 an intol]able outrage t an ass %\ld lecture a doctor1 & balk him 9 8 designs4 ,lu!r is t ass4 ,rome rode him1 & he pati5tly bore 8 wick$ ma/] until ! angel ( ! ,"l /opp$ him & he w\ld g no fur!r4 ,! only diff]5ce is t ,balaam _h 8 eyes op5$1 left (f beat+ 8 ass1 & felt sorry = :at he _h done4 ,rome's eyes h n be5 op5$ = f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,x is /ill beat+ ! poor ass4 ,x does n see ! ,"l :o has block$ h] pa? & said1 ,y %all g no fur!r6 ,9 #b ,k+s1 *ap4 #e1 !re is ano!r /ory told ( ! ,syrian capta9 ,naaman1 :o came to be heal$ ( 8 leprosy by ! prophet ,elijah4 ,) 8 spl5did suite ! great /atesman drove up 9 gr& /yle to ! prophet's cottage4 ,he expect$ t ! holy man w\ld come out to meet him1 & v def]5tially engage to d ! great "l's bidd+4 ,! prophet did n ev5 come out ( 8 hut1 b s5t ,naaman ^w to g & wa% sev5 times 9 ,jordan & he w\ld be cleans$4 ,n[ ,naaman flew into a rage1 because ! prophet _h1 9 ! fir/ place1 n ev5 deign$ to speak to him1 &1 secondly1 _h ord]$ a ridicul\sly commonplace cure = him4 ,he /orm$ t he w\ld d no su* ?+ z wa% 9 t old ,jordan ,riv]4 ,he _h bett] wat]s at home4 ,let ! prophet keep 8 old ,jordan = su* z he 04 ,& he rode (f 9 great dudgeon4 ,rome is ! lepr\s g5tleman1 & ,lu!r is ! man ( ,god :o told h] h[ to become clean4 ,! only diff]5ce is ?is3 ,naaman li/5$ to wise c\nsel1 & f9ally did :at he _h be5 told to d1 & 0 cleans$4 ,rome disda9s to ?is day to li/5 to ! ill-br$ son ( a peasant1 ! !ological up/>t ,lu!r1 & rema9s z fil?y z %e has be54 #aj4 ,lu!r's ,discov]y ( ! ,bible4 ,s9ce ,lu!r's /udy ( ! ,bible has be5 ref]r$ to sev]al times 9 ^! pages1 x is "t t ! righte\sness ( a c]ta9 indignation be exam9$ :i* ,ca?olic writ]s display4 ,!y pret5d to be sc&aliz$ by ! tale t 9 ,lu!r's "t ! ,bible 0 su* a r>e book t x 0 practically unkn[n4 ,) ! air ( outrag$ innoc5ce "s ( !m rise to prote/ aga9/ ! /upid my? t ,lu!r discov]$ ! ,bible4 ,!y claim t _! ,*ur* _h be5 s eag] to spread ! ,bible1 & _h publi%$ editions ( ! ,bible 9 su* rapid succession1 t 9 ,lu!r's age ,*ri/ian ,europe 0 full ( ,bibles4 ,moreov]1 t age1 !y tell u1 0 an age ( int5se ,bible-/udy4 ,n only ! !ologians1 b also ! laym51 n only ! weal?y & highly educat$1 b also ! common p1 _h unh9d]$ access to ! ,bible4 ,! hi/orical data = ,rome's alleg$ zeal 9 behalf ( ! ,bible ^! ,ca?olic writ]s ga!r l>gely f ,prote/ant au?ors4 ,= great] effect !y propose to buttress1 ) ! fruits ( ! labori\s rese>* ( ,prote/ants1 _! *>ge t ,lu!r's ignorance ( ! ,bible 0 self-inflict$ & really inexcusable4 ,:at are ! facts 9 ! case8 ,! :ole acc\nt :i* we possess ( ,lu!r's discov]y ( ! ,bible is conta9$ 9 ,lu!r's ,table ,talk4 7#bb1 #hig47 ,?is is a book :i* ,lu!r did n p]sonally compose nor edit4 ,x is a collection ( say+s :i* 8 gue/s not$ d[n :ile at meat ) ,lu!r1 or aft]w>ds f memory4 ,f a casual rem>k dur+ a meal ,ma!sius obta9$ ! in=mation :i* he publi%$ 9 8 biography ( ,lu!r1 viz41 t1 :5 tw5ty-two ye>s old1 ,lu!r "o day _h f\nd ! ,bible 9 a libr>y at ,erfurt4 ,n[1 we d n wi% to "q ! g5]al cr$ibility ( ! ,table ,talk1 nor ! au!nticity ( ?is p>ticul> rem>k ( ,lu!r ab\t 8 /umbl+ ^u ! ,bible by accid5t4 ,b x is c]ta9ly g]mane to our subject to /rip ! incid5t ( ! dramatic features ) :i* ,ca?olic writ]s claim t mo/ ,prote/ants /ill surr\nd ! ev5t4 ,did ,lu!r say1 & did ,ma!sius report1 t up to ! ye> #aeje he _h n kn[n ( ! ,bible8 ,n at all4 ,he m]ely /at$ t up to t "t he _h n se5 a complete copy ( ! ,bible4 ,lu!r himself has told scores ( times t :5 a s*oolboy at ,mansfeld1 & lat] at ,magdeburg & ,eis5a* :]e he /udi$1 he _h he>d portions ( ! ,gospels & ,epi/les read dur+ ! regul> s]vice at *ur*4 ,"s passages he _h le>n$ by he>t4 ,lu!r's gue/s w\ld h laugh$ at him if he _h claim$ su* a discov]y ( ! ,bible z ,ca?olic writ]s--& "s ( _! ,prote/ant au?orities--?9k t ,ma!sius has claim$ = him & mod]n ,prote/ants /ill cr$it him )4 ,:at ,lu!r did relate we are prep>$ to %[ 0 n1 & c\ld n be1 an unusual occurr5ce 9 ^? days4 ,ev5 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 :i* 0 consid]$ ! "m & que5 ( all ! re/1 n a man c\ld be f\nd1 :5 ,lu!r arose1 compet5t to dispute ) him out ( ! ,scriptures4 ,?is 0 n /range4 ,_m ( ! doctors ( !ology 9 ^? times _h nev] read ! ,bible4 ,c>olo/adt expressly tells u ?is 0 ! case ) himself4 ,:5ev] "o freely read ! ,bible1 he 0 cri$ out aga9/1 z "o mak+ innovations1 z a h]etic1 & expos+ ,*ri/ianity to great dang] by mak+ ! ,new ,te/am5t kn[n4 ,_m ( ! monks reg>d$ ! ,bible z a book :i* ab\nd$ 9 num]\s error4 7,mo%eim1 ,,iii1 #ae47 ,! spiritual atmosph]e 9 :i* ,lu!r & all ,*ri/ians ( 8 "t 7 br\ght up 0 unfavorable to real ,bible-/udy4 ,b be=e we exhibit ! true attitude ( ,rome t[>d ! ,bible1 x w be necess>y to exam9e ! ,ca?olic claim reg>d+ ! ext5sive dissem9ation & ! int5sive /udy ( ! ,bible among ! p 9 & be=e ,lu!r's times4 ,be=e ! age ( pr9t+ "o _c speak1 ( c\rse1 ( editions ( ! ,bible4 ,! e>lie/ date = ! publication ( a pr9t$ edition ( ! ,bible is probably #adfj-- tw5ty-?ree ye>s be=e ,lu!r's bir?4 ,t 0 an ev5t fully z mom5t\s z ! op5+ ( ! transatlantic cable 9 our "t4 ,be=e pr9t+ _h be5 inv5t$1 ! ,bible 0 multipli$ by be+ copi$4 ,t 0 a sl[ process4 ,ev5 :5 a numb] ( copyi/s wrote at ! same "t to dictation1 x 0 a t$i\s process1 requir+ mu* "t1 & n v _m w\ld jo9 9 su* a coop]ative ef=t ( ,bible production4 ,besides1 few m5 9 ^? e>ly ages 7 qualifi$ = ?is "w4 ,a c]ta9 degree ( lit]>y pr(ici5cy 0 requir$ = ! task4 ,! c5turies dur+ :i* ! papacy rose to ! z5i? ( its p[] are notori\s = ! illit]acy ( ! masses4 ,x 0 consid]$ a rem>kable a*ievem5t ev5 = a nobleman to be able to scribble 8 "n4 ,among ^? :o possess$ ! ability few _h ! incl9ation & p]si/5cy necess>y = ! ef=t to transcribe ! ,bible4 ,! cloi/]s ( ^? days 7 ! *ief seats ( le>n+ & c5t]s ( l[] education1 b ev5 ^! asylums ( piety %elt]$ _m an ignorant monk & o!rs :o 7 afflict$ ) ! prov]bial monks' malady--laz9ess4 ,x is to ! cr$it ( ! pi\s memb]s ( ! ,roman ,*ur* 9 t unhappy age t !y manife/$ su* a laudable int]e/ 9 ! ,bible4 ,! a*ievem5t ( copy+ ! entire ,bible ) "o's own h& 9 t age is s great t x palliates "s ( ! gl>+ evils ( ! inhuman sy/em ( mona/icism4 ,b if e monk 9 e cloi/]1 e prie/ 9 e ,ca?olic p>i%1 e pr(essor 9 e ,ca?olic univ]sity1 c\ld h produc$ tw5ty copies ( ! ,bible dur+ 8 lifetime1 h[ little w\ld h be5 accompli%$ to make ! ,bible available = ! millions ( m5 !n liv+6 ,read+ is ! correlate ( writ+4 ,! p]son :o _c write1 z a rule1 _c read4 ,= ?is reason ! ,bible mu/ h rema9$ a seal$ book to _m :o _h ample opportunity to become acqua9t$ ) x4 ,! wide diffusion ( ,bible k :i* ,ca?olic writ]s w\ld lead u to believe always exi/$ 9 ! ,roman ,*ur* is subject to "q4 ,x is true t 9 ! fir/ c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era !re 0 a great hung] & ?ir/ = ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,b t 0 be=e ! ,roman ,*ur* came into exi/5ce4 ,= x is a reckless assumption t ! papacy is an orig9al in/itution 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 & t ,roman ,ca?olicism & ,*ri/ianity are id5tical4 ,x is also true t 9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,re=mation ! p manife/$ a great desire = ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,x 0 z new to !m z x _h be5 to ,lu!r4 ,!y w\ld cr[d ar\nd a p]son :o 0 able to read1 & w\ld li/5 = h\rs4 ,at ,/4 ,paul's 9 ,london public read+ ( ! ,bible became a regul> cu/om4 ,b betwe5 ! e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity & ! beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation lies a p]iod :i*4 is kn[n z ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,no am\nt ( oratory w turn t age into a ,bright ,age4 ,f ! sev5? to ! elev5? c5tury books 7 s sc>ce t (t5 n "o c\ld be f\nd 9 an entire city1 & ev5 ri* mona/]ies possess$ only a s+le text-book4 7,univ]sal ,encycl41 #b1 #if47 ,^! conditions 7 n greatly improv$ until pr9t+ 0 inv5t$4 ,lu!r _h to d ) p :o 7 em]g+ f ! sad conditions ( t age1 ! effects ( :i* 7 /ill visible c5turies aft]4 ,he writes3 ,! deplorable de/itution :i* ,i rec5tly obs]v$1 dur+ a visitation ( ! *ur*es1 has impell$ & con/ra9$ me to prep>e ?is ,cate*ism1 or ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1 9 su* a small & simple =m4 ,alas1 :at manifold mis]y ,i beheld6 ,! common p1 especially 9 ! villages1 "k no?+ at all ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e2 & _m pa/ors are q unfit & incompet5t to tea*4 ,yet all are call$ ,*ri/ians1 h be5 baptiz$1 & enjoy ! use ( ! ,sacram5ts1 al?\gh !y "k nei!r ! ,"l's ,pray]1 nor ! ,cre$1 nor ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 & live l ! poor brutes & irrational sw9e4 7,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism47 ,rememb]1 ^! p liv$ 9 t age :5 ,lu!r 0 born & grew up1 :i* ,ca?olic writ]s picture to u z a ,bible-kn[+ & ,bible-lov+ age4 ,! inv5tion ( pr9t+ wr\ght a mighty *ange 9 ?is respect4 ,?is glori\s art became hall[$ f ! beg9n+ by be+ h>ness$ = s]vice to ! ,bible4 ,b ev5 ?is inv5tion did n at once remove ! prevail+ ignorance4 ,we mu/ n transf] mod]n conditions to ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,9 #aijf1 "o ( ! _m ,prote/ant ,bible ,societies report$ t x _h dispos$ 9 "o ye> ( ne>ly #hj1jjj1jjj ,bibles & p>ts ( ! ,bible 9 _m languages4 ,! ,bible is p]haps ! *eape/ book ( mod]n times4 ,x 0 n s 9 ! days ( ,gut5b]g1 ,fros*au]1 ,luft1 & ! ,claxtons4 ,ev5 aft] pr9t+ _h be5 inv5t$1 ,bibles sold at prices t w\ld be consid]$ prohibitive 9 our day4 ,:5 ! ,duke ( ,anhalt ord]$ ?ree copies ( ! ,bible pr9t$ on p>*m5t1 he 0 told t = ea* copy he mu/ furni% #cdj calf-sk9s1 & ! exp5se w\ld be sixty guld54 7,lu!r's ,works1 #ba;b1 #bcgh47 ,b ev5 ! l[-pric$ editions ( ! ,bible1 pr9t$ on common pap] 7:i* 0 n introduc$ into ,europe until ! ?irte5? c5tury71 co/ a sum ( money :i* a poor man w\ld consid] a =tune1 & :i* ev5 ! well-to-d w\ld hesitate to sp5d 9 days :5 money 0 sc>ce & its pur*as+ p[] 0 consid]ably diff]5t f :at x is to-day4 ,at a p]iod n s v remote f ! pres5t a ,bible 0 consid]$ a valuable *attel ( :i* a p]son w\ld dispose by a special codicil 9 8 w4 ,= g5]ations ,bibles w\ld ?us be h&$ d[n f fa!r to son1 n only because ( ! sacr$ memories t atta*$ to !m z heirlooms1 b also because ( _! actual value 9 money4 ,ev]y?+ consid]$1 !n1 we hold ! argum5t t ! ,bible 0 a widely diffus$ book 9 ! days be=e ,lu!r to be hi/orically untrue1 because x implies physical impossibilities4 ,) ! magnific5t pr9t+ & publi%+ facilities ( our times1 h[ _m p]sons are /ill )\t ! ,bible8 ,h[ _m p>i%ion]s 9 all ! ,ca?olic *ur*es ( ?is c\ntry to-day own a ,bible8 ,! mod]n ,bible societies are putt+ =? an en]gy 9 spread+ ! ,bible t is unp>allel$ 9 hi/ory4 ,/ill _! annual reports leave ! impression t all !y accompli% is z a drop 9 ! bucket ov] & aga9/ ! enorm\s ,bible-ne$ /ill unsuppli$4 ,ca?olic writ]s pa9t ! ,bible-k ( ! age be=e ,lu!r 9 su* exce$+ly bright colors t "o is l$ to believe t age surpass$ ours4 ,!y ov]%oot _! aim4 ,nobody f9ds fault ) ! ,roman ,*ur* = n hav+ inv5t$ ! pr9t+-press4 ,all w\ld r be incl9$ to excuse h] little a*ievem5t 9 spread+ ! ,bible dur+ ! ,middle ,ages on ! gr\nd ( ! poor facilities at h] comm&4 ,e intellig5t & fair p]son w accord ! ,roman ,*ur* e moiety ( cr$it = ! am\nt ( ,bible-k :i* %e did convey to ! p4 ,we he>tily jo9 ,lu!r 9 8 belief t ev5 9 ! d>ke/ days ( ! papacy m5 7 /ill sav$ 9 ! ,roman ,*ur*1 because !y clung 9 _! dy+ h\r to simple texts ( ! ,scriptures :i* !y _h le>n$ f _! prie/s4 7#bb1 #egg47 ,b no "o mu/ try & make u believe t ! ,roman ,*ur* be=e ,lu!r p]=m$ m>vels 9 spread+ ! ,bible4 ,%e nev] exhau/$ ev5 ! poor facilities at h] comm&4 ,f> f wond]+1 !n1 t ,lu!r _h n se5 ! complete ,bible until 8 tw5ty-second ye>1 we reg>d ?is z q natural 9 view ( 8 l[ly extraction1 & we consid] ! c5sure :i* sup]ficial ,prote/ant writ]s h appli$ to ,lu!r because ( 8 e>ly ignorance ( ! ,bible z uncommonly m]etrici\s4 ,:5 we be> 9 m9d ! kn[n "* ( ! ,popes 9 ,lu!r's days1 we d\bt :e!r ev5 !y _h read ! entire ,bible4 ,lu!r's discov]y ( ! ,bible1 h[ev] is n reg>d$ by ,prote/ants z a discov]y su* z ,columbus made :5 he f\nd ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,lu!r knew ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,bible & c\ld cite say+s ( ! ,bible at ! "t :5 he f\nd ! bulky volume 9 ! libr>y t made su* a pr(\nd impression ^u him4 ,& yet 8 f9d 0 a true discov]y4 ,lu!r discov]$ t 8 ,*ur* _h n told him _m important & beautiful ?+s t are 9 ! ,bible4 ,he became s absorb$ ) ! novel cont5ts ( ?is wond]ful book t ! desire 0 wrung f 83 he>t3 ,oh1 t ,i c\ld possess ?is book6 ,b ?is en?usia/ic wi% at once became cl\d$ by ano!r discov]y :i* he made :ile por+ ov] ! preci\s revelation ( ! v he>t ( ,jesus3 8 ,*ur* _h told him ?+s diff]5tly f :at he f\nd !m /at$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,he 0 %ock$ :5 he discov]$ t 9 8 he>t a new fai? 0 spr++ up :i* _h come to him out ( ! ,bible1--a fai? :i* contradict$ ! av[$ fai? ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,poor ,lu!r6 ,he _h = ! fir/ "t come "u ! influ5ce ( t ,^w :i* is quick & p[]ful1 & %>p] ?an any two-edg$ sword1 pi]c+ ev5 to ! divid+ asund] ( s\l & _s1 & ( ! jo9ts & m>r[ 7,hebr4 #d1 #ab71 & he did n "k x4 ,"s ( ! noble/ m9ds 9 ! ages be=e him h _h to pass ?r\gh ! same exp]i5ce4 ,) ! implicit tru/ :i* at t "t lie repos$ 9 ! ,roman ,*ur*1 ,lu!r suppress$ 8 h]etical ?\ghts4 ,he said3 ,p]haps ,i am 9 error4 ,d>e ,i believe myself s sm>t z to "k bett] ?an ! ,*ur*8 7,hausra?1 #a1 #ah47 ,yes1 ,lu!r _h really discov]$ ! ,bible1 namely1 ! ,bible :i* ! ,roman ,*ur* nev] has be51 & nev] w be1 will+ to let ! p see :ile %e rema9s :at %e is to-day4 ,?is discov]y-tale :i* s (f5ds ,ca?olic writ]s c\ld be v]ifi$ 9 our day4 ,let ,ca?olic writ]s put into ! h&s ( e ,ca?olic ( ,am]ica ! true1 g5u9e1 unadult]at$ ,^w ( ,god1 )\t any glosses & comm5t1 & let !m wat* :at is go+ to happ54 ,!re w be a/oni%+ discov]ies made by ! read]s1 & ^? discov]ies w be no fabrications4 #aa4 ,rome & ! ,bible4 ,ca?olic writ]s claim = ! ,roman ,*ur* ! di/9ction :i* at "o "t belong$ to ! ,hebrews1 t ( be+ ! keep]s ( ! oracles ( ,god4 ,!y claim t to ! jeal\s vigilance ( ! ,roman ,*ur* ov] ! sacr$ writ+s ( ,*ri/ianity ! _w to-day owes ! ,bible4 ,! pagan emp]ors ( ,rome w\ld h de/roy$ ! ,bible 9 ! p]secutions :i* !y set on foot aga9/ ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 if ! fai?ful m>tyrs _h n refus$ to surr5d] _! sacr$ writ+s4 ,aga91 ! ,roman ,*ur* is repres5t$ z ! fai?ful cu/odian ( ! ,bible dur+ ! political & social upheaval t wreck$ ! ,roman ,empire :5 ! b>b>ian peoples ( ! ,nor? ov]ran ,rome & ,greece4 ,only ?r\gh ! c>e ( ! ,roman ,*ur* ! ,bible is said to h be5 sav$ f de/ruction 9 ! g5]al confusion4 ,! reason+ ( ,ca?olics on ?is matt] is speci\s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian m>tyrs 7 n ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,! claim ( ! ,roman ,*ur* t ! papacy />ts ) ,pet] is a my?4 ,9 ! second place1 mu* pati5t labor has be5 exp5d$ 9 ! la/ c5turies to collate exi/+ manuscripts ( ! ,bible = ! purpose ( remov+ errors t _h crept into ! text & mak+ ! orig9al text ( ! ,bible z accurate z x is possible to make x4 ,9 ^! labors mo/ly ,prote/ants 7 engag$4 ,fell1 ,mill1 ,ku/]1 ,b5gel1 ,wetz/e91 ,griesba*1 ,la*mann1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,tregelles1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 h ?r\gh ?ree c5turies ( untir+ rese>* coop]at$ 9 plac+ be=e ! _w ! au!ntic text ( ! ,bible4 ,to-day we h n a s+le "o ( ! autograph manuscripts ( ! ,gospels & ,epi/les ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,if ! ,roman ,*ur* exi/$ 9 ! days :5 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 ,john1 ,paul1 ,pet]1 ,jude1 & ,james wrote1 & if %e ex]cis$ su* scrupul\s c>e ov] ! ,bible1 :y has %e n pres]v$ a s+le "o ( ^! invaluable docum5ts8 ,we sugge/ ?is ?\ght only 9 view ( ! unf\nd$ ,ca?olic boa/2 we d n *>ge ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ) a crime = hav+ p]mitt$ ! autographs ( our ,bible to become lo/1 we only hold t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is n entitl$ to ! eulogies :i* h] writ]s be/[ ^u h]4 ,ev5 ! condition ( ! copies t 7 made f ! autograph writ+s ( ! apo/les does n speak well = ! c>e :i* ! ,roman ,*ur* took ( ! ,bible1 assum+1 ( c\rse1 t %e exi/$ 9 ^? e>ly c5turies4 ,x is evid5t t ! orig9al purity 7( ! ,new ,te/am5t text7 0 e>ly lo/4 4 4 4 ,ir5aeus 79 ! second c5tury7 alludes to ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! copies4 4 4 4 ,orig51 e>ly 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 expressly decl>es t matt]s 7 gr[+ worse4 4 4 4 ,f ! f\r? c5tury onw>d we h ! manuscript text ( ea* c5tury1 ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs1 & ! v>i\s ,ori5tal & ,occid5tal v]sions1 all te/ify+ to v>ieties ( read+s4 7,new ,s*aff-,h]zog ,encycl41 ,,ii1 #ajb47 ,our sole purpose 9 call+ att5tion to ?is fact1 :i* e s*ol> to-day kn[s1 is1 to br+ ! f]vor ( ,ca?olic admiration = ! ,bible-protect+ & ,bible-pres]v+ ,*ur* ( ,rome some:at )9 ! b\nds ( reason4 ,we d n *>ge ! ,roman ,*ur* ) hav+ corrupt$ ! text1 b if ! claim ( ,ca?olics z to ! age ( _! ,*ur* is correct1 e corruption 9 ! copies t 7 made f ! orig9al docum5ts occurr$ :ile %e 0 ex]cis+ h] rem>kable cu/odian%ip ov] ! ,bible4 ,t (ficials ( ! ,*ur*1 especially z we approa* ! ,middle ,ages1 _h some?+ to d ) corrupt+ ! sacr$ text is ! belief ( ! au?ority j quot$4 ,! e>ly ,*ur*1 he says1 did n "k any?+ ( t anxi\s cl++ to ! lett] :i* *>act]izes ! sci5tific rigor & ! piety ( mod]n times1 & !re=e 0 n b5t ^u pres]v+ ! exact words4 ,moreov]1 ! fir/ copies 7 made r = private ?an = public use4 ,n a few 7 f\nd 9 s>cophagi2 !y _h be5 buri$ ) _! own]s4 ,copyi/s 7 c>eless1 (t5 wrote f dictation1 & 7 liable to misund]/&4 ,attempt$ improvem5ts ( ! text 9 gramm> & /yle2 ef=ts to h>monize ! quotations 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ) ! ,greek ( ! ,septuag9t1 b especially to h>monize ! ,gospels2 ! writ+ out ( abbreviations2 incorporation ( m>g9al notes 9 ! text2 ! embelli%+ ( ! ,gospel n>ratives ) /ories drawn f non-apo/olic1 ?\gh tru/wor?y1 s\rces1--x is to ^! t we mu/ attribute ! v num]\s 'read+s' or textual v>iations4 ,x is true t ! copyi/s 7 sometimes le>n$ m52 b _! zeal 9 mak+ corrections may h obscur$ ! true text z mu* z ! ignorance ( ! unle>n$4 ,! copies1 inde$1 came "u ! eye ( an (ficial revis]1 b he may h sometimes exce$$ 8 functions1 & done m h>m ?an good by 8 *anges4 ,all ?is happ5$ :ile ! ,roman ,*ur*1 accord+ to ,ca?olic writ]s1 0 keep] ( ! ,bible4 ,! honor :i* ^! writ]s ass]t = _! ,*ur* is spuri\s4 ,if !re is any class ( m5 = :om ! glory mu/ be v9dicat$ ( hav+ giv5 to ! _w ! pure ,^w ( ,god 9 a reliable text1 x is ! b& ( textual1 or l[]1 critics :o h ga!r$ & collat$ all exi/+ manuscripts ( ! ,bible4 ,:at an imm5se am\nt ( pa9/ak+ labor ?is necessitat$ ! read] c guess f ! fact t = ! ,new ,te/am5t alone ab\t #c1jjj manuscripts _h to be exam9$ ^w = ^w & lett] = lett]4 ,! m5 :o und]took ?is gigantic task1 arid :o are always on ! wat* = new f9ds1 d n belong 9 ! ,roman fold1 & did n receive ! inc5tive = _! "w f ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,?is "w />t$ soon aft] ! ,re=mation1 & ! int5se int]e/ ar\s$ 9 ,god's ,^w by t movem5t is ! true cause ( x4 ,! ,prote/ant ,*ur*1 n ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 has giv5 back to ! _w ! pure ,^w ( ,god 9 m ?an "o s5se4 ,! (ficial ,bible ( ! ,roman ,*ur* to-day is ! ,lat9 ,vulgate4 ,?is ,bible1 :i* is a revision by ,j]ome & o!rs ( _m v>iant ,lat9 texts 9 use t[>ds ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury1 has be5 elevat$ to ! dignity ( ! inspir$ text4 ,! orig9al purpose 0 good3 x 0 to remove ! confusion ( _m conflict+ texts & to e/abli% uni=mity 9 quot+ ! ,bible4 ,! errors ( ! ,vulgate are _m1 b :ile x 0 und]/ood t ! ,vulgate 0 m]ely a translation1 ! errors c\ld be correct$ f ! orig9al s\rces4 ,little1 h[ev]1 0 done 9 ?is respect be=e ! ,re=mation1 & s9ce !n ! ,roman ,*ur* has become rigid & petrifi$ 9 its adh]5ce to ?is ,lat9 ,bible4 ,9 its f\r? session 7,april #h1 #aedf7 ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t decre$ t ( all ,lat9 editions ! old & vulgate edition be held z au?oritative 9 public lectures1 disputations1 s]mons1 & expositions2 & t no "o is to d>e or presume "u any pretext to reject x4 ,! mean+ ( ?is decree1 says ,hodge1 is a matt] ( dispute among ,romani/s !mselves4 ,"s ( ! m mod]n & lib]al ( _! !ologians say t ! c\ncil simply int5d$ to det]m9e :i* among sev]al ,lat9 v]sions 0 to be us$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y cont5d t x 0 n meant to =bid appeal to ! orig9al ,scriptures1 or to place ! ,vulgate on a p> ) !m 9 au?ority4 ,! e>li] & /rict] ,romani/s take ! gr\nd t ! ,synod did int5d to =bid an appeal to ! ,hebrew & ,greek ,scriptures1 & to make ! ,vulgate ! ultimate au?ority4 ,! language ( ! c\ncil seems to favor ?is int]pretation4 ,we might add1 ! practise ( ,romani/s1 too4 ,at ! debate 9 ,leipzig ,eck cont5d$ t ! ,lat9 ,vulgate 0 inspir$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 7,koe/l91 ,i1 #dee47 ,:atev] k ( ,scripture ! p 9 ! ,middle ,ages possess$ 0 conf9$ to ^? :o c\ld read ,lat94 ,ca?olic writ]s claim ?is 0 at t "t ! univ]sal language ( ,europe1 b !y wisely add3 among ! educat$4 ,"o ( !m says3 ,^? :o c\ld read ,lat9 c\ld read ! ,bible1 & ^? :o c\ld n read ,lat9 c\ld n read any?+4 ,exactly4 ,& n[1 to prove ! wide diffusion ( ,bible-k 9 _! ,*ur* be=e ,lu!r1 ^! ,ca?olic writ]s %\ld give u "s exact data z to ! ext5t ( ! ,lat9 s*ol>%ip 9 t age4 ,fact is1 ! ,lat9 tongue act$ z a lock ^u ! ,scriptures to ! common p4 ,h5ce arose ! desire to h ! ,bible translat$ into ! v]nacul> ( v>i\s ,european c\ntries4 ,?is desire ,rome s\ght to suppress ) brutal rigor4 ,! bloody p]secutions ( ! ,wald5sians 9 ,france1 :i* almo/ result$ 9 ! extirpation ( ^! peaceful m\nta9 p1 ( ! foll[]s ( ,wyclif 9 ,engl&1 ^: rema9s ,rome _h exhum$ aft] 8 dea? & burn$1 ( ! ,hussites 9 ,bohemia1 7 all aim$ at translations ( ! ,bible into ! languages :i* ! common p und]/ood4 ,9 ,july1 #aaii1 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii issu$ a breve1 occasion$ by ! report t p>ts ( ! ,bible 7 f\nd 9 ,fr5* translation 9 ! diocese ( ,metz4 ,! breve praises 9 a g5]al way ! zeal = ,bible-/udy1 b applies to all :o are n (ficially appo9t$ to engage 9 su* /udy ! prohibition 9 ,ex4 #ai1 #ab4 #ac1 n to t\* ! holy m\nta9 ( ! ,law4 ,dur+ ! reign ( 8 successor1 ,honorius ,,iii1 9 #abbj1 laym5 9 ,g]many 7 =bidd5 to read ! ,bible4 ,"u ,gregory ,,ix ! same prohibition 0 issu$1 9 #abbi1 to laym5 9 ,great ,brita94 ,9 ! same ye> ! crusades aga9/ ! ,albig5ses 7 conclud$1 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,t\l\se issu$ a sev]e ord]1 mak+ x a grave (f5se = a layman to possess a ,bible4 ,9 #abcd1 ! ,synod ( ,t>ragona dem&$ ! imm$iate surr5d] ( all translations ( ! ,bible = ! purpose ( hav+ !m burn$4 ,9 #abdf1 ! ,synod ( ,bazi]s issu$ a prohibition =bidd+ laym5 to possess any !ological books :atsoev]1 & ev5 enjo9+ ! cl]gy f own+ any !ological books writt5 9 ! v]nacul>4 ,elev5 ye>s aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 9 #aeeg1 ,pope ,paul ,,iv publi%$ ! ,roman ,index ( ,=bidd5 ,books1 &1 ) c]ta9 exceptions1 prohibit$ laym5 f read+ ! ,bible4 ,n until ! reign ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vi 0 ! ,act inhibit+ ! read+ ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,engli% tongue1 & ! pr9t+1 sell+1 giv+1 or deliv]+ ( any su* o!r books or writ+s z are !re9 m5tion$ & condemn$ 7namely1 9 #cd ,h54 ,,viii4 ,cap4 #a7 abrogat$4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t ord]$ all ,ca?olic publi%]s to see to x t _! editions h ! approval ( ! respective bi%op4 ,n until ,febru>y #bh1 #agei1 did ,pope ,clem5t ,,xiii give p]mission to translate ! ,bible into all ! languages ( ! ,ca?olic /ates4 ,n until ,novemb] #ag1 #ahic1 did ,pope ,leo ,,xiii issue an encyclical enjo9+ ^u ,ca?olics ! /udy ( ! ,bible1 always1 h[ev]1 9 editions approv$ by ! ,roman ,*ur*4 7,kurtz1 ,kir*5ges*4 ,,ii1 #b1 #id4 #bag2 ,univ]s4 ,encycl41 "u title ,bible2 ,pet] ,heylyn1 ,ecclesia ,re/aurata ,i1 #ii2 ,d5z+]1 ,en*iridion1 #adbi4 #adci4 #aefg4 #afjg47 ,ca?olic writ]s seek to make a great impression 9 favor ( _! ,*ur* by enum]at+1 on ! au?ority ( ,prote/ant s*ol>s1 ! numb] ( ,g]man translations ( ! ,bible t are kn[n to h be5 9 exi/5ce be=e ,lu!r4 ,b !y omit to in=m ! public t n a s+le "o ( ^? translations obta9$ ! approbation ( a bi%op4 ,"o _c view b ) a pa!tic int]e/ ^! sacr$ relies ( an age t 0 hung]+ = ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,! orig9 ( ^! e>ly ,g]man ,bibles has be5 trac$ by s*ol>s to ,wycliffite & ,hussite influ5ces1 :i* ,rome nev] /amp$ out1 ?\gh h] inquisitors tri$ _! be/ to d s4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^! ,bibles d n /ate ! place nor ! ye> ( publication4 ,c ! read] guess :y8 ,!y 7 n publi%$ at ! seat ( ! ,g]man ,ar*bi%op1 ,ma9z1 b mo/ ( !m at ! free imp]ial city ( ,augsburg4 ,c ! read] sugge/ a reason8 ,_m ( !m are pr9t$ 9 abnormally small sizes1 facilitat+ quick concealm5t4 ,c ! read] imag9e a cause = ?is ph5om5on8 ,9 ^! old ,g]man ,bibles p>ticul> texts are emphasiz$1 = example1 ,rom4 #h1 #ah2 #a ,cor4 #d1 #i2 #b ,cor4 #d1 #h 2 #aa1 #bc2 #a ,pet4 #b1 #ai2 #d1 #af2 #e1 #i2 ,acts #e1 #ah4 #da2 #h1 #a2 #ab1 #d2 #ad1 #ai4 ,if ! read] w take ! tr\ble to look up ^! texts1 he w f9d t !y w>n ,*ri/ians to be prep>$ to be p]secut$ = _! fai?4 ,has ! read] ev] he>d ( su* an (fic] ( ! ,roman ,*ur* z ! inquisitor1 "o ( ^: duties x 0 to hunt = ,bibles among ! p8 ,9 places ^! old ,g]man ,bibles conta9 significant m>g9al glosses1 = example1 at #a ,tim4 #b1 #e "o ( !m has ?is gloss3 ,a9 mitl] ,*ri/us1 a* m]k6 t is3 ,"o m$iator1 ,*ri/--note ?is well6 ,9 #adhf1 ,ar*bi%op ,b]*told ( ,ma9z1 ,primate ( ,g]many1 issu$ an edict1 full ( impassion$ malice aga9/ ,g]man translations ( ! ,bible1 & aga9/ laym5 :o s\ght edification f !m4 ,he says t no prud5t p]son w d5y t !re is ne$ ( _m supplem5ts & explanations f o!r writ+s ?an ! ,bible1 to ! end1 namely1 t a p]son may con/rue f ! ,g]man ,bibles ! true ,ca?olic fai?4 ,fact is1 t fai? is n 9 ! ,bible4 ,?is happ5$ ?ree ye>s aft] ! bir? ( ,lu!r4 7,kurtz1 ,,ii1 #b1 #cjd47 ,in/ead ( f9d+ fault1 !n1 ) ,lu!r's ignorance ( ! ,bible prior to #aeje1 we feel surpris$ t ! "y man knew z mu* ( ! ,bible z he did4 ,he mu/ 9 ?is respect h surpass$ _m 9 8 age4 ,! ,roman ,*ur* does n p]mit h] laym5 to read a ,bible t %e has n publi%$ ) annotations4 ,believ+ h]self to be ! div9ely appo9t$ cu/odian & int]pret] ( ,holy ,writ1 says a writ] 9 ! ,ca?olic ,encyclop$ia 7,,ii1 #ede71 %e _c1 )\t turn+ traitor to h]self1 approve ! di/ribution ( ,scripture ')\t note or comm5t4' ,= ?is reason ! ,roman ,*ur* has curs$ ! ,bible societies :i* e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury began to be =m$ 9 ,prote/ant ,*ur*es1 & aim$ at supply+ ! poor ) *eap ,bibles4 ,9 #ahaf1 ,pope ,pius ,,vii ana!matiz$ all ,bible societies1 decl>+ !m a pe/ ( ,*ri/ianity1 & r5ew$ ! prohibition :i* 8 pr$ecessors _h issu$ aga9/ translations ( ! ,bible4 7,kurtz1 ,,ii1 #b1 #id47 ,leo ,,xii1 on ,may #e1 #ahbd1 9 ! encyclical ,ubi ,primum1 said3 ,ye are aw>e1 v5]able bre?r51 t a c]ta9 ,bible society is impud5tly spread+ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 :i*1 despis+ ! traditions ( ! holy ,fa!rs & ! decree ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 is endeavor+ to translate1 or r to p]v]t1 ! ,scriptures into ! v]nacul> ( all nations4 4 4 4 ,x is to be fe>$ t by false int]pretation ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ w become ! gospel ( m51 or1 /ill worse1 ! gospel ( ! devil4 ,pius ,,ix1 on ,novemb] #i1 #ahdf1 9 ! encyclical ,qui ,pluribus1 said3 ,^! crafty ,bible societies1 :i* r5ew ! anci5t guile ( h]etics1 cease n to ?ru/ _! ,bible ^u all m51 ev5 ! unle>n$--_! ,bibles1 :i* h be5 translat$ aga9/ ! laws ( ! ,*ur* & aft] c]ta9 false explanations ( ! text4 ,?us ! div9e traditions1 ! tea*+ ( ! fa!rs1 & ! au?ority ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* are reject$1 & e "o 9 8 own way int]prets ! words ( ! ,"l1 & di/orts _! mean+1 !reby fall+ into mis]able error4 7,ca?4 ,encycl4 ,,ii1 #ede47 ,! writ] :om we h j quot$ says3 ,! fundam5tal fallacy ( private int]pretation ( ! ,scriptures is presuppos$ by ! ,bible societies4 ,^! papal pronunciam5tos arc direct$ *iefly aga9/ ! ,can/e9 ,bibelgesells*aft & h] lat] si/]s1 su* z ! ,b]l9] ,bibelgesells*aft1 & aga9/ ! ,briti% & ,am]ican ,bible ,societies4 ,! face ( ! ,roman ,*ur* is /]nly set aga9/ ! pla9 text ( ! ,scriptures4 ,to defeat ! mean+ ( ! orig9al text1 %e n only mutilates ! text & adds glosses :i* twi/ ! mean+ ( ! text into an altoge!r diff]5t mean+1 b %e decl>es t ! ,bible is n ! only s\rce f :i* m5 mu/ obta9 reveal$ tru?4 ,alongside ( ! ,bible %e places an unwritt5 ^w ( ,god1 h] s-call$ traditions4 ,^!1 %e claims1 are div9e revelations :i* 7 h&$ d[n orally f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,! e>ly fa!rs & ! c\ncils ( ! ,*ur* ref]r$ to !m 9 def9+ ! true doctr9e & prescrib+ ! correct practise ( ! ,*ur*4 ,nobody has collect$ ^! traditions1 & nobody w4 ,b to :at ext5t ! ,roman ,*ur* op]ates ) !m1 is well kn[n4 ,speak+ ( le>n$ ,bible-/udy 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ,mo%eim says3 ,ne>ly all ! !ologians 7 ,positivi & ,s5t5ti>ii t is1 !y taught :at ! ,*ur* ord]$ to be taught1 :o deem$ x a great a*ievem5t1 bo? 9 speculative & practical !ology1 ei!r to ov]:elm ! subject ) a torr5t ( quotations f ! fa!rs1 or to anatomize x accord+ to ! laws ( dialectics t is1 ! laws ( reason+1 logic4 ,& :5ev] !y _h occasion to speak ( ! mean+ ( any text1 !y appeal$ inv>iably to :at 0 call$ ! ,glossa ,ord9>ia t is1 ! (ficial explanation1 & ! phrase ,glossa dicit 7! ,gloss says71 0 z common & decisive on _! lips z anci5tly ! phrase ,ipse dixit 7he1 viz41 ! tea*]1 has said7 9 ! ,py?agorean s*ool4 7,,iii1 #ae47 ,9 8 controv]sies ) ! !ologians ( ,rome1 ,lu!r f\nd t !y 7 con/antly wriggl+ out ( ! pla9 text ( ! ,bible & runn+ = %elt] to ! traditions1 to ! fa!rs1 to ! decrees ( c\ncils ( ! ,*ur*4 ,at ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t "s "o rose to inquire :e!r all ! traditions recogniz$ z g5u9e by ! ,*ur* c\ld n be nam$2 he 0 told t he 0 out ( ord]4 7,pallaviv9i1 ,,vi1 #aa1 #i2 #ah1 #g47 ,hase has invit$ ! ,roman ,*ur* to say :e!r all ! traditions are n[ kn[n4 ,he has n be5 answ]$4 7,prote/4 ,polem41 p4 #hc47 ,if ,romani/s answ]3 ,yes1 ! reasonable reque/ w be made ( !m to publi% ^? traditions once = all "t1 9 ord] t m5 may "k all t ,god is suppos$ to h really said to m5 t is n 9 ! ,bible4 ,if !y answ]3 ,no1 ! conclusion is inevitable t ! ,*ri/ian fai? is an unc]ta9 ?+4 ,any tradition may bob up t upsets a "p ( ! ,cre$4 ,add to ?is ! dogma ( papal infallibility1 promulgat$ ,july #ah1 #ahgj1 :i* ass]ts = ! ,pope ! entire pl5itude ( supreme p[] to det]m9e ! fai? & morals ( ,*ri/ians1 & we h rea*$ a po9t :]e x becomes pla9 to any ?\ghtful p]son t ! ,bible is1 f ! ,ca?olic view-po9t1 n at all su* a necess>y book z m5 h believ$4 ,nor c ! fai? ( a ,romani/ be a fix$ & /able quantity4 ,any papal deliv]ance may br+ ab\t a *ange1 & ! consci5ti\s ,ca?olic mu/ /udy ! news f ! ,vatican ) ! same vital int]e/ z ! m]*ant /udies ! m>ket reports 9 8 morn+ pap]1 & a v p]t95t "q t he may ask 8 wife ov] 8 c(fee at ! breakfa/ table w\ld be1 ,wife1 :at d we believe to-day8 #ab4 ,lu!r's ,visit at ,rome4 ,ca?olic writ]s ask ! _w n to believe ,lu!r's tales ab\t ! city ( ,rome4 ,lu!r1 !y say1 came to ,rome z a call[ ru/ic comes to a metropolis4 ,to ! wily ,italians he 0 ,g]man ,innoc5ce ,abroad2 !y hoax$ him by tell+ him absurd tales ab\t ! ,popes1 ! prie/s1 ! wond]s ( ! city1 etc41 & ! cr$ul\s monk believ$ all !y told him4 ,he left ,rome ) 8 fai? 9 ! ,*ur* unimpair$4 ,lat] 9 life1 aft] 8 defection f ,rome1 he told z true facts & z rem9isc5ces ( 8 visit at ! ,holy ,city _m ( ! false /ories :i* _h be5 palm$ (f on him4 ,?is is said to h giv5 rise to ! prevail+ ,prote/ant view t dur+ 8 visit at ,rome ,lu!r's eyes 7 op5$ to ! corruption ( ! ,roman ,*ur* & 8 resolution =m$ to ov]?r[ t ,*ur*4 ,lu!r himself is said to be responsible = ?is false view4 ,he fo/]$ x by 8 tales ( :at he _h se5 & he>d at ,rome ) disgu/ & horror4 ,8 horrid impressions are decl>$ pure fiction1 & simply s]ve to %[ h[ little ! man c be tru/$ 9 any?+ he /ates4 ,to leave a way op5 = a dec5t retreat1 ,ca?olics also po9t to a diff]5ce 9 temp]am5t betwe5 ! phlegmatic ,lu!r com+ f a nor!rn clime1 :i* ?r\gh its atmosph]ic rigors begets somb] reflections & gloomy ?\ghts1 & ! airy1 fairy ,italians1 :o revel 9 sun%9e1 fl[]s1 & fruits1 dr9k fi]y w9es1 & naturally gr[ up into a fre$om ( mann]s & lack ( re/ra9t t is *>act]i/ic ( p liv+ 9 s\!rn climes4 ,all ( :i* means-- if x means any?+ s]i\s--t ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts are subject to revision accord+ to ! geographic latitude 9 :i* a p]son happ5s to be4 ,:5 y\r au/]e g5tleman1 rais$ among ! f5s & bogs ( ! ,frisian coa/1 sees some?+ 9 a grove 9 ,sicily :i* he d5\nces z wick$1 y mu/ tell him t !re is no?+ wrong 9 :at he has se54 ,he has only omitt$ to adju/ 8 temp]am5t to ! locality4 ,if y foll[ out ?is l9e ( ?\ght to ! end1 y w come to a po9t :]e y /rike h&s ) ,rudy>d ,kipl+1 :o has sung en?usia/ically ab\t a c]ta9 locality beyond ,ad5 :]e ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts d n exi/4 ,& to ?9k t ?is plea is made by p :o h *>g$ ,lu!r ) hav+ put ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts out ( commission = himself & o!rs6 ,italians1 lov]s ( fre$om & unre/ra9t1 7 ! fir/ to fill ! _w ) tales ab\t ! moral besott$ness ( ,lu!r6 ,?is goes to %[ t 9 any application ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts x matt]s v mu* :o does ! apply+4 ,we h 9 a previ\s *apt] briefly review$ ! ,popes t 7 contempor>ies ( ,lu!r4 ,_! "* 0 /amp$ on ! life ( ! ,holy ,city3 ,! ,popes & _! foll[+ gave ,rome its moral1 or immoral1 face4 ,! *ronicl]s ( ^? days h describ$ ! exi/+ conditions4 ,lu!r ne$ n h said "o ^w ab\t :at wick$ ?+s he _h se5 & he>d at ,rome1 ei!r t5 ye>s1 or tw5ty ye>s1 or ?irty ye>s aft] he _h be5 !re1 & ! _w w\ld /ill "k ! record ( ! resid5ce ( ! ,popes4 ,lu!r really saw v little ( :at he might h se51 & x is probable t he has told less4 ,b :at he did see & he> are facts4 ,he did n grasp _! full mean+ nor see _! true be>+ at ! "t4 ,! real import ( 8 ,roman exp]i5ces dawn$ on him at a lat] p]iod4 ,he spoke z a man ( ?+s t he _h se5 z a *ild4 ,b t does n alt] ! facts4 ,lu!r 0 %ock$ at ! levity ( ,italian monks :o 7 babbl+ faulty ,lat9 pray]s :i* !y did n und]/& & rem>k$ laugh+ to him3 ,nev] m9d2 ! ,holy ,gho/ und]/&s u1 & ! devil flees apace4 ,lu!r's confid5ce 9 ! boa/$ unity ( ! ,roman ,*ur* 0 some:at %ak5 :5 he discov]$ t he c\ld n read mass 9 any *ur* 9 ! t]ritory at ,milan1 because !re ! ,ambrosian =m ( s]vice 0 prescrib$ :ile he _h be5 tra9$ to ! ,gregorian4 ,lu!r %ook 8 head at ! fre$om ( c]ta9 public mann]s ( ! ,italians :i* rem9d$ him ( dogs & ( :at he _h read ab\t ,k]kyra4 ,lu!r he>d ( a ,l5t5 collation1 probably at ! abbey ( ,san ,b5$etto de ,l>ione1 :]e ! ^w fa/ _h to be spell$ ) an e z ! second lett]4 ,! loquaci\sness1 spicy talk1 blasphemy1 di%one/y1 trea*]y1 qu>relsom5ess1 & deadly animosities ( ! ,italians1 ,lu!r reg>ds z /range1 consid]+ t !y live s ne> to ! ,holy ,city4 ,he wond]$ :y ! ,italians d n p]mit _! wom5 to g out ( _! h\ses except deeply veil$4 ,he f9ds t ! ,italians %[ no respect = _! beautiful *ur*es & ! div9e s]vice conduct$ 9 !m4 ,ev5 on great fe/ivals ! magnific5t ca!drals are almo/ empty1 ! wor%ip]s are *att+ ) "o ano!r :ile ! s]vice is 9 progress4 ,ev5 qu>rels are settl$ at ^! holy places1 sometimes ) ! knife4 ,:5 !re is a burial1 !y hurry ! corpse to ! grave1 n ev5 ! relatives be+ 9 att5dance4 ,he is griev$ at ! irreligi\s mann] 9 :i* ! prie/s at ,rome read mass4 ,!y hurry ?r\gh ! p]=mance ) incr$ible rapidity4 ,!y cr[d ea* o!r away f ! alt> 9 _! ha/e to get _! p]=mance f9i%$4 ,hurry1 hurry6 ,begone6 ,come away6 he he>s !m call+ to "o-ano!r4 ,sometimes two prie/s are read+ mass at "o alt> at ! same "t4 ,!y _h f9i%$ ! :ole mass be=e ,lu!r _h rea*$ ! ,gospel 9 ! s]vice ( ! mass4 ,& !n !y w\ld receive money f ! by/&]s :o _h come 9 & _h wat*$ !m4 ,9 a half h\r a prie/ c\ld get a h&ful ( silv]4 ,lu!r refus$ su* gifts4 ,lu!r he>d few prea*]s at ,rome1 & ^? t he he>d he did n l4 ,!y 7 v lively 9 ! deliv]y ( _! s]mons1 !y w\ld run to & fro 9 _! pulpit1 b5d f> ov] t[>d ! audi5ce1 utt] viol5t cries1 *ange _! voice sudd5ly1 & ge/iculate l madm54 ,lu!r saw ,pope ,julius f a di/ance sev]al times4 ,he ?\ght x que] t a heal?y & /rong man l ! ,pope %\ld h himself c>ri$ to *ur* 9 a litt] in/ead ( walk+ ?i!r1 & t su* %[ %\ld be made ( 8 go+ !re & a procession %\ld be =m$ to accompany him4 ,he saw ! ,pope sit at ! alt> & hold out 8 foot to be kiss$ by p4 ,he saw ! ,pope take communion4 ,he did n kneel l o!r communicants1 b sat on 8 magnific5t ?rone2 a c>d9al prie/ h&$ him ! *alice1 & he sipp$ ! w9e ?r\gh a silv] tube4 ,h[ev]1 ^! & o!r ?+s did n at ! "t %ake ,lu!r's belief 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,he came to ,rome & left ,rome a dev\t ,ca?olic4 ,/aupitz1 ! vic> ( 8 ord]1 _h really gratifi$ him 9 p]mitt+ him to g to ,rome z ! travel+ companion ( ano!r monk4 ,lu!r _h express$ ! wi% to make a g5]al confession at ,rome4 ,) ?is ?\ght on 8 m9d he />t$ out1 & he treat$ ! :ole j\rney z a pilgrimage4 ,aft] ! mann] ( pi\s monks ! two companions walk$ "o beh9d ! o!r1 recit+ pray]s & litanies4 ,:e!r 8 g5]al confession & 8 fir/ mass at ,rome1 probably at ,santa ,m>ia del ,popolo1 gave him t s5se ( spiritual satisfaction :i* he crav$1 he has n told u4 ,:5 he _h come 9 sight ( ! city1 he _h fall5 on 8 face l ! crusad]s 9 sight ( ,j]usalem1 & _h f]v5tly bless$ t mom5t4 ,n[ he ran ?r\gh ! sev5 /ations ( ,rome1 read masses :]ev] he c\ld1 ga!r$ an abundance ( indulg5ces by go+ ?r\gh prescrib$ =ms ( wor%ip at _m %r9es1 li/5$ to miracle-tales1 knelt be=e ! veil ( ,/4 ,v]onica ne> ! ,gold5 ,gate at ,san ,giovanni & be=e ! bronze /atue ( ,/4 ,pet] 9 ! *apel ( ,/4 ,m>t91 :]e a crucifix _h ( its own accord rais$ itself up & become transfix$ 9 ! dome1 saw ! rope ) :i* ,judas hang$ himself fa/5$ to ! alt> ( ! ,apo/les ,simon & ,judas at ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ! /one 9 ! *apel ( ,/4 ,petronella on :i* ! p5it5tial te>s ( ,pet] _h fall51 cutt+ a groove 9 x two f+]s wide1 _h ! guide %[ him ! ,pope's cr[n1 ! ti>a1 :i*1 he ?\ght1 co/ m money ?an all ! pr9ces ( ,g]many possess$1 0 p]plex$ at f9d+ ! heads & bodies ( ,pet] & ,paul assign$ to diff]5t places1 at ! ,lat]an ,*ur* & at ,san ,paolo ,fuori1 m\nt$ ! ,scala ,santa--,pilate's /aircase--on 8 knees1 pass$ ) awe ! relief picture 9 "o ( ! /reets :i* ! popul> leg5d decl>$ to be t ( ! female ,pope ,johanna & h] *ild1 saw ! anci5t pagan deities ( ,rome depict$ 9 ,santa ,m>ia della ,rotonda1 ! old ,pan!on1 />$ at ! head ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 ,san ,silve/ro 9 ,capite1 tri$1 b fail$ to read ! fam\s ,saturday mass at ,san ,giovanni1 ! olde/ & greate/ sanctu>y ( ,*ri/ianity1 re/$ f a fatigu+ t\r ?r\gh ! ,lat]an 9 ,santa ,croce 9 ,g]usalemme1 :]e ,pope ,sylve/] ,,ii1 ! ,fau/us ( ! ,italians1 0 c>ri$ away by ! devils1 w5t ?r\gh ! catacombs ) its #f m>tyr$ ,popes & #agf1jjj o!r m>tyrs1 etc41 etc4 ,look+ back to ?is visit lat]1 ,lu!r rem>k$1 ,i believ$ ev]y?+ ,j :at (ficial ,rome expect$ e dev\t pilgrim to d1 j :at x expects !m to d to-day4 ,& ^! ,romani/s want to po9t ! f+] ( ridicule at ! simpleton1 ! easy dupe1 ! holy fool ,lu!r6 ,does ,rome p]haps ?9k ! same ( all ! pi\s pilgrims t annually cr[d ,rome8 ,lu!r he>d himself call$ un buon ,*ri/iano at ,rome & discov]$ t t meant z mu* z an egregi\s ass4 ,b he consid]$ t a "p ( ,italian wick$ness4 ,! ,*ur*1 he 0 sure1 approv$ ( all t he did1 9 fact1 _h taught him to d all t4 ,x requir$ t5 ye>s or m to disabuse 8 m9d ( ! frauds t _h be5 practis$ on him1 & !n he decl>$ t he w\ld n take #ajj1jjj guld5 n to h se5 ) 8 own eyes h[ sc&al\sly ! ,popes 7 hoodw9k+ ,*ri/ians4 ,if x 7 n = 8 visit at ,rome1 he says1 he might fe> t he 0 sl&]+ ! ,popes 9 :at he wrote ab\t !m4 ,:ile ,lu!r's visit at ,rome1 !n1 br\ght ab\t no spiritual *ange 9 him1 x help$ to give him a good consci5ce aft]w>ds :5 8 conflict ) ,rome _h begun4 #ac4 ,pa/or ,lu!r4 ,lu!r's fam\s prote/ aga9/ ! sale ( indulg5ces1 publi%$ ,octob] #ca1 #aeag1 9 ! =m ( n9ety-five !ses1 is repres5t$ by ,ca?olic writ]s z an outbur/ ( ,lu!r's viol5t temp] & an assault ^u ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* t he _h long prem$itat$4 ,by ?is "t1 x is said1 ,lu!r _h become kn[n to 8 colleagues z a qu>relsome man1 lov+ disputations & jeal\s ( victory 9 a debate4 ,8 me?ods ( tea*+ at ! univ]sity 7 novel1 9 defiance ( ! settl$ cu/oms ( ! ,*ur*4 ,8 dang]\s innovations caus$ ! suspicion to spr+ up t he 0 plott+ rebellion aga9/ ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! arrival ( ! indulg5ce-hawk] ,tetzel 9 ! neighborhood ( ,witt5b]g gave him ! long-look$-= occasion to /rike a bl[ at ! sacr$ tea*+s ( ! ,*ur* :i* he _h solemnly promis$ to support & def5d aga9/ all h]etics1 & f ^: tea*+s he _h already apo/atiz$ 9 8 he>t4 ,! fact is t ,lu!r 0 s little consci\s ( an int5tion to /ir up /rife = 8 ,*ur* t he 0 probably ! mo/ surpris$ man 9 ,g]many :5 he obs]v$ ! excitem5t :i* 8 ,!ses 7 caus+4 ,! me?od he _h *os5 = voic+ 8 op9ion _h no revolution>y elem5t 9 x4 ,x 0 an invitation to ! le>n$ doctors to debate ) him ! doctr9al gr\nds = ! sale ( indulg5ces4 ,ca?olic writ]s po9t to ! fact t ,lu!r decl>$ at a lat] "t t he did n "k :at an indulg5ce 0 :5 he attack$ ,tetzel4 ,!y seek to prove f ?is rem>k ( ,lu!r t x 0 n consci5ti\s scruples1 b ! desire to cause tr\ble 9 ! ,*ur* t prompt$ ,lu!r to 8 action4 ,!y d n see t ?is rem>k speaks volumes = ,lu!r4 ,by 8 ,!ses he meant to get at ! tru? ( ! tea*+ conc]n+ indulg5ces4 ,8 ,!ses 7 writt5 9 ,lat91 n 9 ! p's language4 ,o!rs translat$ !m into ,g]man & scatt]$ !m broadca/ ?r\gh\t ,g]many4 ,! ,!ses are no labor$ ef=t to set up1 by skilful1 logical argum5t & 9 c>efully *os5 t]ms1 a new dogma 9 oppositon tr4 note3 sic to ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur*1 b !y are exceptions hurri$ly ?r[n on pap]1 l ! notes jott$ d[n by a speak] to guide him 9 a discussion ( 8 subject4 ,la/1 n lea/1 ! ,!ses1 :ile contradict+ ! prevail+ practise ( sell+ indulg5ces1 brea! loyalty to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,f our mod]n /&po9t ,lu!r appe>s 9 ! ,!ses z half ,prote/ant1 or evangelical1 half ,roman ,ca?olic4 ,9 8 own view he 0 altoge!r ,ca?olic4 ,8 ,!ses 7 m]ely a call3 ,let !re be light6 ,let our consci5ces be duly in/ruct$6 ,we /ill h a lett] :i* ,lu!r wrote to ,pope ,leo ,x ab\t six mon?s aft] he _h publi%$ ! ,!ses4 ,?is lett] %[s 9 :at an ord]ly & quiet way ,lu!r proce$$ 9 8 attack ^u ! traffic 9 indulg5ces1 & h[ mu* he believ$ himself 9 accord ) ! ,pope & ! ,*ur*4 ,we %all quote a few /atem5ts f ?is lett]3 ,9 ^! latt] days a jubilee ( papal indulg5ces began to be prea*$1 & ! prea*]s1 ?9k+ ev]y?+ all[$ !m "u ! protection ( y\r "n1 d>$ to tea* impiety & h]esy op5ly1 to ! grave sc&al & mock]y ( ecclesia/ical p[]s1 totally disreg>d+ ! provisions ( ! ,canon ,law ab\t ! misconduct ( (ficials4 4 4 4 ,!y met ) great success1 ! p 7 suck$ dry on false pret5ses1 4 4 4 b ! oppressors liv$ on ! fat & sweetness ( ! l&4 ,!y avoid$ sc&als only by ! t]ror ( y\r "n1 ! ?reat ( ! /ake1 & ! br& ( h]esy1 4 4 4 if1 inde$1 ?is c be call$ avoid+ sc&als & n r excit+ s*isms & revolt by crass tyranny4 4 4 4 ,i privately w>n$ "s ( ! dignit>ies ( ! ,*ur*4 ,by "s ! admonition 0 well receiv$1 by o!rs ridicul$1 by o!rs treat$ 9 v>i\s ways1 = ! t]ror ( y\r "n & ! dread ( c5sure are /rong4 ,at l5g?1 :5 ,i c\ld d no?+ else1 ,i det]m9$ to /op _! mad c>e] if only = a mom5t2 ,i resolv$ to call _! ass]tions 9 "q4 ,s ,i publi%$ "s propositions = debate1 invit+ only ! m le>n$ to discuss !m ) me1 z ought to be pla9 to my oppon5ts f ! preface to my ,!ses4 ,?is 01 by ! way1 a common practise 9 ^? days among ! le>n$ pr(essors at univ]sities4 ,yet ?is is ! flame ) :i* !y seek to set ! _w on fire6 4 4 4 7#ae1 #dja2 transl4 by ,pres]v$ ,smi?47 ,lu!r's publication ( ! ,!ses 0 ! act ( a consci5ti\s ,*ri/ian pa/or4 ,be+ a prie/1 ,lu!r _h to he> confession4 ,?r\gh ! confessional he le>n$ h[ ! common p view$ ! indulg5ces3 !y actually believ$ t by buy+ indulg5ces !y 7 fre$ f all ! guilt & puni%m5t ( _! s9s4 ,absolution became a pla9 bus9ess transaction3 y pay y\r money & y take y\r goods4 ,lu!r wrote ?is to 8 ar*bi%op ! same day on :i* he publi%$ 8 ,!ses4 ,papal indulg5ces1 he says 9 ! lett] to ,alb]t1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce & ,primate ( ,g]many1 = ! build+ ( ,/4 ,pet]'s are hawk$ ab\t "u y\r illu/ri\s sanction4 ,i d n n[ accuse ! s]mons ( ! prea*]s :o adv]tise !m1 = ,i h n se5 ! same1 b ,i regret t ! p h conceiv$ ab\t !m ! mo/ errone\s ideas4 ,=soo?1 ^! unhappy s\ls believe t1 if !y buy lett]s ( p>don1 !y are sure ( _! salvation2 likewise1 t s\ls fly out ( purgatory z soon z money is ca/ into ! *e/2 9 %ort1 t !1 grace conf]r$ is s great t !re is no s9 :atev] :i* _c be absolv$ !reby1 ev5 if1 z !y say1 tak+ an impossible example1 a man %\ld violate ! "m ( ,god4 ,!y also believe t indulg5ces free !m f all p5alty & guilt4 7#ae1 #cia2 transl4 by ,pres]v$ ,smi?1 p4 #db47 ,lu!r _h prea*$ aga9/ ! popul> belief 9 indulg5ces1 pilgrimages to %r9es ( ! sa9ts & _! relics1 = two ye>s be=e he publi%$ 8 ,!ses4 ,he 0 confid5t t ! ,*ur* c\ld n c\nt5ance ?is belief4 ,=giv5ess ( s9s is to ! p5it5t 9 he>t :o are sorry = _! s9s1 & _! s9s are =giv5 = ,*ri/'s sake1 :o aton$ = !m1 & 9 :om we h ! =giv5ess ( s9 by ! r$emption ?r\gh ,8 blood4 ,?is is ! ,scriptural doctr9e ( p5it5ce1--t sorr[ful1 contrite1 & believ+ attitude ( ! he>t :i* is ! *>act]i/ic ( true ,*ri/ians ?r\gh\t _! lives4 ,?r\gh p5it5ce we become absolv$ 9 ! sight ( ,god f all guilt & puni%m5t ( our s9s1 & ! m9i/]1 by ann\nc+ ?is fact1 is to convey to ! p5it5t ! assurance t 8 s9s h be5 =giv54 ,:atev] p5ances or pi\s ex]cises ! ,*ur* may impose an s9n]s :o h confess$ _! s9s c only be impos$ z a :olesome discipl9>y measure & z aids to ! ne$$ re=mation ( life4 ,^! p5ances1 s9ce !y orig9ate 9 ! *oice ( ! ,*ur*1 may also be remitt$ by ! ,*ur*1 & = ^! p5ances ! ,*ur* may accept a commutation 9 money1 :i* paym5t1 h[ev]1 _c sup]s$e ! p>am\nt duty ( ! p5it5t to am5d 8 s9ful conduct4 ,su* 7 ,lu!r's views 9 brief outl9e at ! "t he publi%$ 8 ,!ses4 ,if we are to take mod]n ,ca?olic critics ( ,lu!r s]i\sly1 t has also be5 ! tea*+ ( _! ,*ur* on ! subject ( indulg5ces4 ,!y claim t ! good int5tions ( ! ,popes 7 grossly mis9t]pret$ & ! sy/em ( indulg5ces 0 put to uses = :i* x 0 nev] int5d$4 ,if t is ! case1 :y d !y attack ,lu!r = 8 attempt to h ! abuses correct$8 ,accord+ to _! own pres5tation ( ! true tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* on ! subject ( indulg5ces1 ,lu!r 0 ! mo/ dutiful son ( ! ,*ur* 9 8 day 9 :at he did on ,all ,s\ls' ,eve1 #aeag4 ,b ! ,roman tea*+ on indulg5ces is n su* an innoc5t affair z ,ca?olics w\ld h u believe4 ,! practise ( sub/itut+ = p5ances "s good "w or contribution to a pi\s purpose _h aris5 9 ! ,*ur* at a v e>ly "t4 ,?is1 says ,pres]v$ ,smi?1 :o has well cond5s$ ! hi/ory ( indulg5ces1 0 ! se$ ( indulg5ce :i* w\ld nev] h gr[n to its lat] enorm\s proportions _h x n be5 = ! crusades4 ,mohamm$ promis$ 8 foll[]s p>adise if !y fell 9 battle aga9/ unbeliev]s1 b ,*ri/ian w>riors 7 at fir/ )\t ?is com=t+ assurance4 ,_! fai? 0 n long left 9 d\bt1 h[ev]1 = z e>ly z #hee ,leo ,,iv promis$ heav5 to ! ,franks :o di$ fight+ aga9/ ! ,moslems4 ,a qu>t] ( a c5tury lat] ,john ,,viii proclaim$ absolution = all s9s & remission ( all p5alties to soldi]s 9 ! holy w>1 & f ?is "t on ! 'crusade indulg5ce' became a regul> means ( recruit+1 us$1 = example1 by ,leo ,,ix 9 #ajeb & by ,urban ,,ii 9 #ajie4 ,by ?is "t ! practise _h gr[n up ( reg>d+ an indulg5ce z a remission n only ( p5ance1 b ( ! pa9s ( purgatory4 ,! means :i* _h prov$ successful 9 gett+ soldi]s = ! crusade 7 fir/ us$ 9 #aade or #aadf to get money = ! same end1 p>don be+ assur$ to ^? :o gave en\gh to fit out "o soldi] on ! same t]ms z if !y _h gone !mselves4 ,:5 ! crusades ceas$1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 indulg5ces did n fall into desuetude4 ,at ! jubilee ( ,pope ,boniface ,,viii1 9 #acjj1 a pl5>y indulg5ce 0 grant$ to all :o made a pilgrimage to ,rome4 ,! ,pope reap$ su* an enorm\s h>ve/ f ! gifts ( ^! pilgrims t he saw fit to employ simil> means at frequ5t int]vals1 & soon ext5d$ ! same privileges z 7 grant$ to pilgrims to all :o contribut$ = "s pi\s purpose at _! own homes4 ,ag5ts 7 s5t out to sell ^! p>dons1 & 7 giv5 p[] to confess & absolve1 s t 9 #acic ,boniface ,,ix 0 able to ann\nce complete remission ( bo? guilt & p5alty to ! pur*as]s ( 8 lett]s4 ,hav+ assum$ ! "r to free liv+ m5 f future puni%m5t1 x 0 b a /ep = ! ,popes to proclaim t !y _h ! p[] to deliv] ! s\ls ( ! dead f purgatory4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is p[] 0 an op5 "q until decid$ by ,calixtus ,,iii 9 #adeg1 b full use ( ! faculty 0 n made until tw5ty ye>s lat]1 aft] :i* x became ( all bran*es ( ! indulg5ce trade ! mo/ pr(itable4 ,! read] w note t ! indulg5ce trade 9 its late/ =m _h n become a g5]al ?+ until ab\t six ye>s be=e ,lu!r's bir?4 ,x 0 a comp>atively new ?+ t ,lu!r attack$4 ,9 our rem>ks on mona/icism 9 a previ\s *apt] we allud$ to ! ,roman tea*+ conc]n+ ! ,treasure ( ! ,m]its ( ! ,sa9ts1 or ! ,treasure ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is tea*+ greatly fructifi$ ! !ory ( indulg5ces4 ,x has nev] be5 %[n1 & nev] w be1 h[ ?is ,treasure orig9ates4 ,9 ! "w ( our ,r$eem] !re 0 no?+ sup]abundant t ! ,scriptures "n4 ,he fulfill$ ! entire ,law = man1 & ,8 m]its are ( ine/imable value4 ,b !y 7 all ne$$ = ! "w ( satisfy+ div9e ju/ice4 ,moreov]1 all ^! m]its ( ,*ri/ are freely giv5 to ea* & e believ] & cancel all 8 guilt1 accord+ to ! /atem5t ( ,paul3 ,*ri/ is ! end ( ! ,law = righte\sness to e "o t believe?4 ,z reg>ds ! m]its ( ! sa9ts1 :i* !y accumulat$ by do+ good works 9 excess ( :at !y 7 requir$ to d1 ?is is a purely imag9>y asset ( ! papal bank ( ,rome4 ,e man1 ) all t he is & has & is able to d1 owes himself :olly to ,god4 ,at ! be/ he c only d 8 duty4 ,!re is no *ance = do+ good works 9 excess ( duty4 ,if he 7 really to d all1 he w\ld only d :at x 0 8 duty to d1 ,luke #ag1 #aj1 & w\ld be told to reg>d himself1 ev5 9 t mo/ favorable case1 z an unpr(itable s]vant4 ,b suppos+ !re 7 sup]abundant m]its1 sup]]ogatory works ( ,*ri/ & ! sa9ts1 :o has det]m9$ _! quantity8 ,:o takes ! inv5tory ( ?is /ock ( ! papal bank ( ,rome8 ,is he ! same p>ty :o det]m9es ! l5g? ( a p]son's /ay 9 purgatory & c tell h[ mu* he has be5 9 arre>s 9 ! matt] ( goodness & virtu\sness1 & h[ mu* ca% w pur*ase 8 release8 ,h[ is ?is intellig5ce convey$ to purgatory t ,mr4 ,s-&-s is free to proce$ to heav58 ,a multitude ( su* que/ions aris+ 9 all ?9k+ m9ds t want to arrive at rock bottom facts 9 s s]i\s a matt] always baffle ! !ologians ( ,rome4 ,!y owe ! _w an answ] on ^! que/ions = f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,is ! _w do+ ,rome an inju/ice :5 x reg>ds ! sale ( indulg5ces a pure confid5ce game 9 holy disguise1 ! (f] ( a fictiti\s value = good ca%1 ! bolde/ & balde/ gold-brick+ t mank9d has he5 tr4 note3 sic subject$ to8 ,! sale ( indulg5ces :i* 0 />t$ 9 ,lu!r's days 0 a p>ticul>ly (f5sive ent]prise4 ,x 0 n s mu* ! !ory ( ! ,*ur* t excit$ ,lu!r's indignation z x 0 ! practises ( "s ( h] ag5ts4 ,!y enc\rag$ ! common man to believe t ! pur*ase ( a papal p>don w\ld assure him impunity )\t any real rep5tance on 8 "p4 ,moreov]1 :atev] ! !oretical wor? ( indulg5ces1 ! motive ( _! sale 0 notori\sly ! gre$ ( unscrupul\s ecclesia/ics4 ,! 'holy trade' z x 0 call$ _h become s ?or\ghly comm]cializ$ by #aejj t a bank+ h\se1 ! ,fugg]s ( ,augsburg1 7 ! direct ag5ts ( ! ,curia 9 ,g]many4 ,9 return = _! s]vices 9 =w>d+ ! ,pope's bulls1 & 9 hir+ sell]s ( p>dons1 ?is weal?y h\se made a secret agreem5t 9 #aejg by :i* x receiv$ "o-?ird ( ! total pr(its ( ! trade1 & 9 #aead =mally took ov] ! :ole managem5t ( ! bus9ess 9 return = ! mode/ commission ( "o-half ! net receipts4 ,naturally n a ^w 0 said by ! prea*]s to ! p z to ! de/9ation ( s l>ge a portion ( _! money1 b en\gh 0 kn[n to make _m m5 reg>d indulg5ces z an op5 sc&al4 ,! hi/ory ( ! p>ticul> trade attack$ by ,lu!r is "o ( special infamy4 ,alb]t ( ,br&5burg1 a pr9ce ( ! ent]pris+ h\se ( ,hoh5zoll]n1 0 br$ to ! ,*ur* & rapidly rose by political influ5ce to ! highe/ ecclesia/ical position 9 ,g]many4 ,9 #aeac1 he 0 elect$1 at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,magdeburg & adm9i/rator ( ! bi%opric ( ,halb]/adt1--an uncanonical accumulation ( sees confirm$ by ! ,pope 9 return = a l>ge paym5t4 ,h>dly _h ,alb]t paid ?is be=e he 0 elect$ ,ar*bi%op & ,elector ( ,may5ce & ,primate ( ,g]many 7,m>* #i1 #aead74 ,z he 0 n yet ( canonical age to possess ev5 "o bi%opric1 n to m5tion ?ree ( ! greate/ 9 ! empire1 ! ,pope refus$ to confirm 8 nom9ation except = an enorm\s sum4 ,! ,curia at fir/ dem&$ twelve ?\s& ducats = ! twelve apo/les4 ,alb]t (f]$ sev5 = ! sev5 deadly s9s4 ,! av]age betwe5 apo/les & s9s 0 /ruck at t5 ?\s& ducats1 or fifty ?\s& doll>s1 a sum equal 9 pur*as+ p[] to ne> a million to-day4 ,alb]t borr[$ ?is1 too1 f ! ,fugg]s1 & 0 accord+ly confirm$ on ,augu/ #ae1 #aead4 ,9 ord] to all[ ! new prelate to rec\p himself1 ,leo oblig+ly decl>$ an indulg5ce = ! b5efit ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ,*ur*1 to run eight ye>s f ,m>* #ca1 #aeae4 ,by ?is transaction1 "o ( ! mo/ disgraceful 9 ! hi/ory ( ! papacy1 z well z 9 t ( ! h\se ( ,br&5burg1 ! ,curia made a va/ sum4 ,alb]t did n come (f s well4 ,fir/1 a numb] ( pr9ces1 includ+ ! rul]s ( bo? ,saxonies1 =bade ! trade 9 _! dom9ions1 & ! pr(its ( :at rema9$ 7 deeply cut by ! unexpect$ attack ( a "y monk4 7,pres]v$ ,smi?1 p4 #hf ff47 ,lu!r _h ample reason to dread ! demoraliz+ effect ( ! indulg5ce-v5d]s' activity ^u ! common p4 ,9 ! s]mons ( ,tetzel ! *ur* :]e he happ5$ to d bus9ess 0 rais$ to equal dignity ) ,/4 ,pet]'s at ,rome4 ,in/ead ( confess+ to an ord9>y prie/1 he told ! masses !y _h n[ ! r>e privilege ( confess+ to an ,apo/olical ,vic>1 specially detail$ = ?is "w4 ,) consummate skill he work$ on ! t5d] feel+s ( p>5ts1 ( mo!rs1 :o 7 m\rn+ ! loss ( *ildr51 or ( *ildr5 :o _h lo/ _! p>5ts4 ,he imp]sonat$ ! dep>t$ 9 _! agonies 9 purgatory1 he made ! p he> ! pitiful moan+ ( ! victims 9 ! purgatorial fires1 & transmitt$ _! he>tr5d+ appeals = spe$y help to ! liv+4 ,he cl9*$ ! argum5t by play+ on ! p's covet\sness3 = ! f\r? "p ( a guld5 !y c\ld transf] a suff]+ s\l safely to ! home ( ! et]nal p>adise4 ,_h !y ev] _h a great] b>ga9 (f]$ to !m8 ,nev] w\ld !y h ?is indisp5sable means ( salvation br\ght )9 easi] rea*4 ,n[ 0 ! "t1 n[ or nev]6 #j ye murd]]s1 ye usur]s1 ye robb]s1 ye slaves ( vice1 he cri$ out1 n[ is ! "t = y to he> ! voice ( ,god1 :o does n desire ! dea? ( ! s9n]1 b w\ld h ! s9n] rep5t & live4 ,turn1 !n1 ,o ,j]usalem1 to ! ,"l1 ?y ,god6 ,he decl>$ t ! r$ cross ( ! indulg5ce-v5d]s1 ) ! papal arms1 rais$ 9 a *ur*1 possess$ ! same virtue z ! cross ( ,*ri/4 ,if ,pet] 7 pres5t 9 p]son1 he w\ld n possess great] au?ority1 nor c\ld he disp5se grace m effectually ?an he4 ,yea1 he w\ld n trade 8 glory z an indulg5ce-sell] ) ,pet]'s glory2 = he _h sav$ m s\ls by sell+ ! indulg5ces ?an ,pet] by prea*+4 ,e "t a co9 cl9k$ 9 8 money *e/ a lib]at$ s\l 0 so>+ to heav54 ,ca?olic writ]s decl>e t ! p 7 told t !y mu/ rep5t 9 ord] to obta9 =giv5ess4 ,s !y 71 9 ! mann] a=e/at$4 ,rep5t+ meant buy+ a lett] ( p>don f ! ,pope4 ,t is ! reason :y ,lu!r word$ ! fir/ two ( 8 ,n9ety-five ,!ses z he did3 ,our ,"l & ,ma/] ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 say+3 ,po5it5tiam agite6 meant t ! :ole life ( ! fai?ful %\ld be rep5tance4 ,& ^! words _c ref] to p5ance--t is1 confession & satisfaction4 ,! ,lat9 phrase po5it5tiam ag]e has a d\ble mean+3 x may mean rep5t & d p5ance4 ,our ,"l us$ ! phrase 9 ! fir/1 ! indulg5ce-sell]s 9 ! second s5se4 ,s9ce ! p _h be5 rais$ 9 ! belief t ! ,*ur* _h ! au?ority f ,god to impose *ur* f9es on !m = _! trespasses1 by :i* !y 7 to remove ! temporal puni%m5t ( _! s9s1 ?is 0 call$ do+ p5ance1--!y 7 actually l$ to believe t ! 7 obey+ a comm& ( ,*ri/ 9 buy+ a lett] ( indulg5ce4 ,& n only did ! p believe t !y 7 pur*as+ release f temporal puni%m5t1 b f ! guilt ( s9 & all its effects4 ,! common man f ! fields & ! /reets did n make ! f9e di/9ction ( ! hair-splitt+ !ologians3 8 b>ga9 meant to him t hell 0 clos$ & heav5 op5 = him4 ,ano!r favorite def5se ( mod]n ,ca?olic writ]s is1 t ! money paid = an indulg5ce 0 n meant to pur*ase any?+1 b 0 to be view$ z a ?ank-(f]+ :i* ! grateful he>ts ( ! p>don$ prompt$ !m to make to ! ,*ur* :o _h br\ght !m ! p>don free1 gratis1 & = no?+4 ,?is is ,c>d9al ,gibbons's argum5t4 ,he po9ts triumphantly to ! fact t ! lett]s ( indulg5ce 7 nev] h&$ ! applicants at ! same desk at :i* ! ?ank-(f]+s 7 receiv$4 ,he does n say :i* desk ! applicant approa*$ fir/4 ,b1 suppos+ he obta9$ ! lett] fir/ & !n1 ) a he>t b\nd+ ) joy & gratitude1 hurri$ to ! o!r desk1 we h an int]e/+ psy*ological problem confront+ u4 ,! two acts1 ! deliv]y ( ! lett] ( indulg5ce & ! surr5d]+ ( ! ?ank-(f]+1 we are told1 are indep5d5t ! "o ( ! o!r4 ,bo? are free acts1 ! "o ! free =giv5ess ( ! ,*ur*1 ! o!r ! free giv+ ( ! p>don$4 ,! ,*ur*'s grant ( p>don has no?+ to d ) ! paym5t ( indulg5ce-money1 & ! indulg5ce-money is n relat$ to ! lett] ( indulg5ce4 ,n[1 !n1 ! pur*as] ( an indulg5ce p]=ms ?is rem>kable feat3 :5 he /&s at ! desk :]e ! lett] is h&$ to him1 he does n ?9k ( any co/ t he incurs4 ,he views ! lett] z a pure gift4 ,!n1 obey+ a sudd5 impulse ( gratitude1 he turns to ! o!r desk & h&s ! (ficial "s money4 ,he manages to ?9k t he is n pay+ = any?+1 t w\ld be utt]ly improp]4 ,h[ c\ld a p]son pay = a donation1 especially su* a donation ( spiritual & heav5ly treasures8 ,"o di/urb+ elem5t1 h[ev]1 rema9s3 ! am\nt ( ! ?ank-(f]+ 0 fix$ be=eh& = p>ticul> s9s1 probably to regulate ! recipi5t's gratitude & make x adequate4 ,! writ] has resolv$ to te/ ! psy*ology ( ?is process on himself ! next "t ! ,bo/on ,symphony ,company comes to t[n4 ,he w try & ?9k ( ! great s+]s z true b5efactors ( mank9d1 :o g ab\t ! c\ntry be/[+ favors on ! public1 & :5 he comes to ! ticket-w9d[ he w m]ely make a ?ank-(f]+ = ! pleasure he is receiv+4 ,! s*eme ought to "w z well 9 ?is in/ance z 9 ! o!r4 #ad4 ,! ,case ( ,lu!r's ,fri5d ,myconius4 ,!re is a rem>kable in/ance record$ 9 ! annals ( ! ,re=mation :i* /rik+ly illu/rates ! op]ations ( ! indulg5ce-v5d]s4 ,?is record des]ves n to be =gott54 ,gu/av ,freitag1 ! fam\s writ] ( ,g]man hi/ory1 has embodi$ x 9 8 sket* ,doktor ,lu!r4 ,fr$]ic ,mecum1 9 ,lat9 ,myconius1 _h become a monk 9 ! ,franciscan ord]4 ,he _h _h an exp]i5ce ) ,tetzel :i* caus$ him to turn to ,lu!r ) joy & wond] :5 ! latt] _h publi%$ 8 ,!ses4 ,few ( ! writ+s ( ,myconius1 :o aft]w>ds became ! evangelical pa/or ( ! city ( ,go?a1 h be5 pres]v$4 ,9 ! ducal libr>y at ,go?a ,freitag f\nd tr4 note3 sic an acc\nt 9 ,lat9 ( ! incid5t to :i* we h ref]r$4 ,x is z foll[s3 ,john ,tetzel1 ( ,pirna 9 ,meiss51 a ,dom9ican fri>1 0 a p[]ful p$dl] ( indulg5ces or ! remission ( s9s by ! ,roman ,pope4 ,he t>ri$ ) ?is purpose ( 8 = two ye>s 9 ! city ( ,annab]g1 new at t "t1 & deceiv$ ! p s mu* t !y all believ$ !re 0 no o!r way ( obta9+ ! =giv5ess ( s9s & et]nal life except to make am5ds ) our works2 conc]n+ ?is mak+ ( am5ds1 h[ev]1 he said t x 0 impossible4 ,b a s+le way 0 /ill left1 t is1 if we pur*as$ ! same = money f ! ,roman ,pope1 b\ght = ourselves1 !re=e1 ! ,pope's indulg5ce1 :i* he call$ ! =giv5ess ( s9s & a c]ta9 entrance into et]nal life4 ,"h ,i might tell wond]s ^u wond]s & incr$ible ?+s1 :at k9d ( s]mons ,i he>d ,tetzel prea* ^! two ye>s 9 ,annab]g1 = ,i he>d him prea* q dilig5tly1 & he prea*$ e day2 ,i c\ld repeat 8 s]mons to o!rs1 too1 ) all ! ge/ures & intonations2 n t ,i made him an object ( ridicule1 b ,i 0 entirely 9 e>ne/4 ,= ,i consid]$ ev]y?+ z oracles & div9e words1 :i* "o _h to believe1 & :at came f ! ,pope ,i reg>d$ z if com+ f ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,f9ally1 at ,p5teco/1 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l #aeaj1 he ?reat5$ he w\ld lay d[n ! r$ cross & lock ! door ( heav5 & put out ! sun1 & x w\ld nev] aga9 come ab\t t ! =giv5ess ( s9s & et]nal life c\ld be obta9$ = s little money4 ,yes1 he said1 x 0 n to be expect$ t su* *>itabl5ess ( ! ,pope %\ld come hi!r aga9 z long z ! _w w\ld /&4 ,he also exhort$ t e "o %\ld att5d well to ! salvation ( 8 own s\l & to t ( 8 deceas$ & liv+ fri5ds4 ,= n[ 0 at h&1 accord+ to him1 ! day ( 8 salvation & ! accept$ "t4 ,& he said3 ',let no "o "u any condition neglect 8 own salvation2 = if y d n h ! ,pope's lett]s1 y _c be absolv$ & deliv]$ by any human be+ f _m s9s & res]v$ cases' 7t is1 cases ) :i* an ord9>y prie/ 0 n qualifi$ to deal74 ,on ! doors & walls ( ! *ur* pr9t$ lett]s 7 publicly po/$ 9 :i* x 0 ord]$ t "o %\ld h5ce=? n sell ! lett]s ( indulg5ce & ! full p[] at ! close z de> z 9 ! beg9n+1 9 ord] to give ! ,g]man p a sign ( gratitude = _! devotion2 & at ! end ( ! lett] at ! foot 0 writt5 9 addition1 ',paup]ibus d5tur gratis1' to ! ne$y ! lett]s ( indulg5ce are to be giv5 = no?+1 )\t money1 = ! sake ( ,god4 ,!n ,i began to deal ) ! deputies ( ?is indulg5ce-p$dl]2 b1 9 tru?1 ,i 0 impell$ & urg$ to d s by ! ,holy ,gho/1 al?\gh ,i myself did n und]/& at ! "t :at ,i 0 do+4 ,my de> fa!r _h taught me 9 my *ildhood ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$1 & compell$ me always to pray4 ,=1 he said1 we _h ev]y?+ f ,god alone1 gratis1 = no?+1 & ,he w\ld also gov]n & lead u if we pray$ ) dilig5ce4 ,( ! indulg5ces & ,roman remission ( s9s he said t !y 7 only sn>es ) :i* "o trick$ ! simple out ( _! money & took x f _! purses1 t ! =giv5ess ( s9s & et]nal life c\ld c]ta9ly n be pur*as$ & acquir$ ) money4 ,b ! prie/s or prea*]s became angry & enrag$ :5 "o said su* ?+s4 ,because ,i he>d !n no?+ else 9 ! s]mons e day b ! greate/ praise ( ! remission ( s9s1 ,i 0 fill$ ) d\bt z to :om ,i 0 to believe m1 my fa!r or ! prie/s z tea*]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,i 0 9 d\bt1 b /ill ,i believ$ ! prie/s m ?an ! in/ruction ( my fa!r4 ,b "o ?+ ,i did n grant1 t ! =giv5ess ( s9s c\ld n be acquir$ unless x 0 pur*as$ ) money1 above all by ! poor4 ,on ?is acc\nt ,i 0 wond]fully well pleas$ ) ! little clause at ! end ( ! ,pope's lett]1 ',paup]ibus gratis d5tur propt] ,deum4' ,& z !y1 9 ?ree days1 int5d$ to lay d[n ! cross ) special magnific5ce & cut (f ! /eps & ladd]s to heav51 ,i 0 impell$ by my _s to g to ! commission]s & ask = ! lett]s ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s 'out ( m]cy = ! poor4' ,i decl>$ also t ,i 0 a s9n] & poor & 9 ne$ ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 :i* 0 grant$ ?r\gh div9e grace4 ,on ! second day1 ar\nd ev5+1 ,i ent]$ ,hans ,pflock's h\se :]e ,tetzel 0 assembl$ ) ! fa!r-confessors & cr[ds ( prie/s1 & ,i address$ !m 9 ,lat9 & reque/$ t !y might all[ me1 poor man1 to ask1 accord+ to ! comm& 9 ! ,pope's lett]1 = ! absolution ( all my s9s = no?+ & = ! sake ( ,god1 'etiam nullo casu res]vato1' )\t res]v+ a s+le case1 & 9 reg>d to ! same !y %\ld give me ! ,pope's 'lit]as te/imoniales1' or writt5 te/imony4 ,!n ! prie/s 7 a/oni%$ at my ,lat9 spee*1 = t 0 a r>e ?+ at ?is "t1 especially 9 ! case ( "y boys2 & !y soon w5t out ( ! room into ! small *amb] :i* ,i 0 alongside1 to ! commission] ,tetzel4 ,!y made my desire kn[n to him1 & also ask$ 9 my behalf t he might give me ! lett]s ( indulg5ce = no?+4 ,f9ally1 aft] long c\nsel1 !y return$ & br\ght ?is answ]3 ',de> son1 we h put y\r petition be=e ! commission] ) all dilig5ce1 & he confesses t he w\ld gladly grant y\r reque/1 b t he c\ld n2 & al?\gh he might wi% to d s1 ! concession w\ld nev]!less be naught & ineffective4 ,= he decl>$ unto u t x 0 cle>ly writt5 9 ! ,pope's lett] t ^? w\ld c]ta9ly %>e 9 ! exce$+ g5]\s indulg5ces & treasures ( ! ,*ur* & ! m]its ( ,*ri/ qui porrig]5t manum adjutricem1 :o (f]$ a help+ h&2 t is1 ^? :o w\ld give money4' ,& all t !y told me 9 ,g]man1 = !re 0 n "o among !m :o c\ld h spok5 ?ree ,lat9 words correctly ) any "o4 ,9 return1 h[ev]1 ,i entreat$ anew1 & prov$ f ! ,pope's lett] :i* _h be5 po/$ t ! ,holy ,fa!r1 ! ,pope1 _h comm&$ t su* lett]s %\ld be giv5 to ! poor = no?+1 = ! sake ( ! ,"l2 & especially because !re _h also be5 writt5 !re 'ad m&atum dom9i ,papae proprium1' t is1 at ! ,pope's own comm&4 ,!n !y w5t 9 aga9 & ask$ ! pr\d1 haughty fri>1 t he might k9dly grant my reque/ & let me g f him ) ! lett] ( indulg5ce1 s9ce ,i 0 a clev] & flu5tly-speak+ "y man & wor?y ( hav+ some?+ exceptional grant$ me4 ,b !y came out aga9 & br\ght aga9 ! answ]1 'de manu auxiliatrice1' conc]n+ ! help+ h&1 :i* alone 0 fit = ! holy indulg5ce4 ,i1 h[ev]1 rema9$ firm & said t !y 7 do+ me1 a poor man1 an inju/ice2 ! "o :om bo? ,god & ! ,pope 7 unwill+ to %ut out ( div9e grace 0 reject$ by !m = "s few p5nies :i* ,i did n h4 ,!n a cont5tion arose t ,i %\ld at lea/ give some?+ small1 9 ord] t ! help+-h& might n be lack+1 t ,i %\ld only give a gros*52 ,i said1 ',i d n h x1 ,i am poor4' ,at la/ x came to ! po9t :]e ,i 0 to give six pf5nigs2 !n ,i answ]$ aga9 t ,i did n h a s+le pf5nig4 ,!y tri$ to console me & spoke ) "o ano!r4 ,f9ally ,i he>d t !y 7 worri$ ab\t two ?+s1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ,i %\ld 9 no case be all[$ to g )\t a lett] ( indulg5ce1 = ?is might be a plan devis$ by o!rs1 & t "s bad affair might h]eaft] result f x1 s9ce x 0 cle> 9 ! ,pope's lett] t x %\ld be giv5 to ! poor = no?+4 ,aga91 h[ev]1 some?+ w\ld nev]!less h to be tak5 f me 9 ord] t ! o!rs might n he> t ! lett]s ( indulg5ce 7 be+ giv5 out = no?+2 = ! :ole pack ( pupils & begg>s w\ld !n come runn+1 & ea* "o w\ld want ! same = no?+4 ,!y %\ld n h f\nd x necess>y to be worri$ ab\t t1 = ! poor begg>s 7 look+ m = _! bless$ bread to drive away _! hung]4 ,aft] !y _h held _! delib]ation1 !y came aga9 to me & "o gave me six pf5nigs t ,i %\ld give !m to ! commission]4 ,?r\gh ?is contribution ,i1 too1 %\ld become1 accord+ to !m1 a build] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 at ,rome1 likewise a slay] ( ! ,turk1 & %\ld fur!rmore %>e 9 ! grace ( ,*ri/ & ! indulg5ces4 ,b !n ,i said frankly1 impell$ by ! ,_s1 if ,i wi%$ to buy indulg5ces & ! remission ( s9s = money1 ,i c\ld 9 all likelihood sell a book & buy !m = my own money4 ,i want$ !m1 h[ev]1 = no?+1 z gifts1 = ! sake ( ,god1 or !y w\ld h to give an acc\nt be=e ,god = hav+ neglect$ & trifl$ away my s\l's salvation on acc\nt ( six pf5nigs1 s9ce1 z !y knew1 bo? ,god & ! ,pope wi%$ t my s\l %\ld %>e 9 ! =giv5ess ( all my s9s = no?+1 ?r\gh grace4 ,?is ,i said1 & yet1 9 tru?1 ,i did n "k h[ matt]s /ood ) ! lett]s ( indulg5ce4 ,at la/1 aft] a long conv]sation1 ! prie/s ask$ me by :om ,i _h be5 s5t to !m1 & :o _h in/ruct$ me to c>ry on su* deal+s ) !m4 ,!n ,i told !m ! pure1 simple tru?1 z x 01 t ,i _h n be5 exhort$ or urg$ by any "o at all or br\ght to x by any advis]s1 b t ,i _h made su* a reque/ alone1 )\t c\nsel ( any man1 only ) ! confid5ce & tru/ 9 ! graci\s =giv5ess ( s9s :i* is giv5 = no?+2 & t ,i _h nev] spok5 or _h deal+s ) su* great p dur+ all my life4 ,= ,i 0 by nature timid1 & if ,i _h n be5 =c$ by my great ?ir/ = ,god's grace1 ,i %\ld n h und]tak5 any?+ s great & mix$ ) su* p & reque/$ any?+ l t ( !m4 ,!n ! lett]s ( indulg5ce 7 aga9 promis$ me1 b yet 9 su* a way t ,i %\ld buy !m = six pf5nigs :i* 7 to be giv5 to me1 z f> z ,i 0 conc]n$1 = no?+4 ,i1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ to insi/ t ! lett]s ( indulg5ce %\ld be giv5 to me = no?+ by him :o _h ! p[] to give !m2 if n1 ,i %\ld comm5d & ref] ! matt] to ,god4 ,& s ,i 0 dismiss$ by !m4 ,! holy ?ieves1 not)/&+1 became sad 9 consequ5ce ( ^! deal+s2 ,i1 h[ev]1 0 p>tly d[nca/ t ,i _h receiv$ no lett] ( indulg5ce1 p>tly ,i rejoic$1 too1 t !re 01 9 spite ( all1 /ill ,"o 9 heav5 :o 0 will+ to =give ! p5it5t s9n] 8 s9s )\t money & loan1 accord+ to ! words t ,i _h (t5 sung 9 *ur*3 ',z true z ,i live1 says ! ,"l1 ,i desire n ! dea? ( ! s9n]1 b t he be conv]t$ & live4' ,oh1 de> ,"l & ,god1 ,?\ kn[e/ t ,i am n ly+ 9 ?is matt]1 or inv5t+ any?+ ab\t myself4 ,:ile do+ ?is1 ,i 0 s mov$ t ,i1 on return+ to my inn1 almo/ gu%$ =? & melt$ to te>s4 ,?us ,i came to my inn1 w5t to my room1 & took ! cross :i* always lay ^u ! little table 9 my /udy-room1 plac$ x ^u ! b5*1 & fell d[n ^u ! floor be=e x4 ,i _c describe x "h1 b at t "t ,i 0 able to feel ! _s ( pray] & div9e grace :i* ,?\1 my ,"l & ,god1 p\r$/ out ov] me4 ,! ess5tial import ( ! same1 h[ev]1 0 ?is3 ,i ask$ t ,?\1 de> ,god1 might/ be will+ to be my ,fa!r1 t ,?\ might/ be will+ to =give me = my s9s1 t ,i submitt$ myself :olly to ,!e1 t ,?\ might/ make ( me n[ :atsoev] pleas$ ,!e1 & because ! prie/s did n wi% to be graci\s to me )\t money1 t ,?\ might/ be will+ to be my graci\s ,god & ,fa!r4 ,!n ,i felt t my :ole he>t 0 *ang$4 ,i 0 disgu/$ ) ev]y?+ 9 ?is _w1 & x seem$ to me t ,i _h q en\gh ( ?is life4 ,"o ?+ only did ,i desire1 t is1 to live = ,god1 t ,i might be pleas+ to ,him4 ,b :o 0 !re at t "t :o w\ld h taught me h[ ,i _h to g ab\t x8 ,= ! ^w1 life1 & light ( mank9d 0 buri$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w 9 ! deepe/ d>kness ( human ord9ances & ( ! q fooli% good works4 ,( ,*ri/ !re 0 complete sil5ce1 no?+ 0 kn[n ab\t ,him1 or1 if m5tion 0 made ( ,him1 ,he 0 repres5t$ unto u z a dreadful1 fe>ful ,judge1 :om sc>cely ,8 "m & all ! sa9ts 9 heav5 c\ld reconcile & make m]ciful ) bloody te>s2 & yet x 0 done 9 su* a way t ,he1 ,*ri/1 ?ru/ ! human be+ :o did p5ance into ! pa9s ( purgatory sev5 ye>s = ea* capital s94 ,x 0 claim$ t ! pa9 ( purgatory diff]$ f ! pa9 ( hell 9 no?+ except t x 0 n to la/ =ev]4 ,! ,holy ,gho/1 h[ev]1 n[ br\ght me ! hope t ,god w\ld be m]ciful unto me4 ,& n[ ,i began to take c\nsel a few days ) myself z to h[ ,i might take up "s o!r vocation 9 life4 ,= ,i saw ! s9 ( ! _w & ( ! :ole human race2 ,i saw my manifold s91 :i* 0 v great4 ,i _h also he>d some?+ ( ! secret hol9ess & ! pure1 innoc5t life ( ! monks1 h[ !y s]v$ ,god day & night1 7 sep>at$ f all ! wick$ life ( ! _w1 & liv$ v sob]1 pi\s1 & virtu\s lives1 read masses1 sang psalms1 fa/$1 & pray$ at all times4 ,i _h also se5 ?is %am life1 b ,i did n "k & und]/& t x 0 ! greate/ idolatry & hypocrisy4 ,!reupon ,i made my decision kn[n to ! preceptor1 ,ma/] ,&reas ,/affel/e91 :o 0 ! *ief reg5t ( ! s*ool2 he advis$ me /raightway to ent] ! ,franciscan cloi/]1 ! rebuild+ ( :i* _h be5 begun at t "t4 ,& 9 ord] t ,i might n become diff]5tly m9d$ 9 consequ5ce ( long delay1 he /raightway w5t ) me himself to ! monks1 prais$ my intellect & ability1 decl>$ 9 t]ms ( praise t he bad consid]$ me ! only "o among 8 pupils ( :om he 0 entirely confid5t t ,i %\ld become a v dev\t man4 ,i wi%$1 h[ev]1 fir/ to ann\nce my int5tion to my p>5ts1 too1 & he> _! ideas ab\t ! matt]1 s9ce ,i 0 a lone son & heir ( my p>5ts4 ,! monks1 h[ev]1 taught me f ,/4 ,j]ome t ,i %\ld drop fa!r & "m1 & n take !m into consid]ation1 & run to ! cross ( ,*ri/4 ,!y quot$1 too1 ! words ( ,*ri/1 ',no "o :o lays h&s to ! pl[ & looks back is fit = ! k+dom ( ,god4' ,all ( ?is 0 b\nd to impel & enjo9 me to become a monk4 ,i w n speak "h ( _m ropes & fett]s ) :i* !y b\nd & ti$ my consci5ce4 ,= !y said t ,i c\ld nev] become bless$ if ,i did n soon accept & use ! grace (f]$ by ,god4 ,!reupon ,i1 :o w\ld r h be5 will+ to die ?an be )\t ! grace ( ,god & et]nal life1 /raightway promis$ & engag$ to come into ! cloi/] aga9 9 ?ree days & beg9 ! ye> ( probation1 z !y call$ x1 9 ! cloi/]2 t is1 ,i want$ to become a pi\s1 dev\t1 & ,god-fe>+ monk4 ,9 ! ye> ( ,*ri/ #aeaj1 ! #ad? ( ,july1 at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 ,i ent]$ ! cloi/]1 accompani$ by my preceptor1 "s few ( my s*ool-comrades1 & "s v dev\t matrons1 to :om ,i _h 9 "p made kn[n ! reason :y ,i 0 ent]+ ! spiritual ord]4 ,& s ,i bless$ my companions to ! cloi/]1 all ( :om1 amid te>s1 wi%$ me ,god's grace & bless+4 ,& ?us ,i ent]$ ! cloi/]4 ,de> ,god1 ,?\ kn[e/ t ?is is all true4 ,i did n seek idl5ess or provision = my /oma*1 nor ! appe>ance ( great hol9ess1 b ,i wi%$ to be pleas+ unto ,!e--,!e ,i wi%$ to s]ve4 ,?us ,i at t "t grop$ ab\t 9 v great d>kness 7p4 #ch ff4799 99,?is acc\nt is publi%$ by ! c\rtesy ( ! ,lu!ran ,publication ,society ( ,philadelphia2 x is tak5 f _! publication ,doctor ,lu!r1 by ,gu/av ,freitag4 ,few ,*ri/ians c read ?is old record )\t pity /irr+ 9 !m4 ,! man ( :om ,myconius tells all ?is1 ,tetzel1 has be5 rec5tly repres5t$ to ! ,am]ican public z a !ologian f> sup]ior to ,lu!r1 calm1 consid]ate1 k9d1 & ( 8 actions ! public has be5 advis$ t !y 7 s utt]ly correct t ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( to-day does n hesitate "o mom5t to d :at ,tetzel did4 ,s mote x be6 ,we admire ! writ]'s hone/y1 & blu% = 8 braz5 boldness4 #ae4 ,lu!r's ,fai? )\t ,works4 ,out ( ,lu!r's opposition to ! sale ( indulg5ces !re grew 9 ! c\rse ( "t "o ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,prote/antism3 complete1 univ]sal1 & free salvation ( s9n]s by grace ?r\gh fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 ! controv]sies :i* />t$ imm$iately aft] ! publication ( ! ,n9ety-five ,!ses1 ,lu!r 0 l$ /ep by /ep to a great] cle>ness 9 8 view ( s9 & grace1 fai? & works1 human reason & ! div9e revelation4 ,n yet realiz+ ! full import ( 8 act1 ,lu!r _h 9 ! ,!ses made t article ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? ) :i* ! ,*ur* ei!r /&s or falls ! issue ( 8 lifelong conflict ) ,rome--! article ( ! ju/ification ( a s9n] be=e ,god4 ,x is1 !re=e1 conv5i5t to review ! misrepres5tations :i* ,lu!r has suff]$ f ,ca?olic writ]s because ( 8 tea*+ on ! subject ( ju/ification at ?is e>ly /age 9 our review1 ?\gh 9 do+ s a great _m ?+s w h to be anticipat$4 ,ca?olic writ]s *>ge ,lu!r ) hav+ p]v]t$ ! mean+ ( ju/ify+ fai?4 ,lu!r held t ju/ify+ fai? is ess5tially ! assurance t s9ce ,*ri/ liv$ on e>? z a man1 labor$1 suff]$1 di$1 & rose aga9 9 ! place ( s9n]s1 ! _w en masse & e individual s9n] are )\t guilt 9 ! e/imation ( ,god4 ,god 0 9 ,*ri/1 reconcil+ ! _w unto ,himself1 n imput+ _! trespasses unto !m4 7#b ,cor4 #e1 #ai47 ,to ?is reconciliation ! s9n] has contribut$ no?+4 ,x has be5 accompli%$ )\t him4 ,he _c add any?+ to x4 ,god only asks ! s9n] to believe 9 8 salvation z f9i%$ by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,to believe ?is fact does n mean to p]=m a "w ( m]it 9 consid]ation ( :i* ,god is will+ to be/[ salvation on ! believ]1 b x means to accept ! "w ( ,*ri/ z p]=m$ 9 our place1 to rejoice !re91 & to repose a sure confid5ce 9 ?is salvation 9 defiance ( ! accusations ( our own consci5ce1 ! incrim9ations :i* ! brok5 ,law ( ,god hurls at u1 & ! t]rors ( ! f9al judgm5t4 ,! believ] reg>ds himself z righte\s be=e ,god n because ( any good "w t he has done1 b because ( ! "w :i* ,*ri/ has p]=m$ 9 8 place4 ,! believ] holds t1 :5 ,god1 by rais+ ,*ri/ f ! dead1 accept$ ,8 "w z a suffici5t atonem5t = m5's guilt & an adequate fulfilm5t ( ! div9e ,law1 ,he accept$ ea* & e s9n]4 ,! believ] is c]ta9 t ?r\gh ! "w ( 8 ,great ,bro!r1 ,*ri/1 he has be5 re/or$ to a *ild relation%ip ) ,god & enjoys *ild's privileges ) 8 ,fa!r 9 heav54 ,! idea t he himself has done any?+ to br+ ab\t ?is bless$ /ate ( affairs is utt]ly =eign to ?is fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,ca?olic writ]s ass]t t ! doctr9e :i* we h j outl9$ is n ,scriptural1 b repres5ts ! grosse/ p]v]sion ( ,scripture4 ,!y say ?is doctr9e orig9at$ 9 ! erratic bra9 ( ,lu!r4 ,lu!r 0 n an exact ?9k]1 & be+ unable to analyze an idea into its con/itu5ts1 z is necess>y = "o :o w appreh5d x correctly1 he fail$ to grasp que/ions :i* by ! g5]al mass ( ! p 7 ?or\ghly & correctly und]/ood4 4 4 4 ,he all[$ himself to cultivate an unnecess>y antipa?y to s-call$ 'hol9ess by works1' & ?is attitude1 comb9$ ) 8 t5d5cy to look at ! wor/ side ( ?+s1 & 8 k ( "s real abuses !n preval5t 9 ! practise ( works1 d\btless contribut$ to develop 8 dislike = good works 9 g5]al1 & l$ him by degrees to /rike at ! v roots ( ! ,ca?olic sy/em ( sacram5ts & grace1 ( p5ance & satisfaction1 9 fact1 all ! in/rum5ts or means in/itut$ by ,god bo? = conf]r+ & increas+ ,8 sav+ relation%ip ) man4 ,lu!r's tea*+ on ju/ification is said to be ! inevitable rev]se ( 8 =m] self-exaltation4 ,ab&on+ ! indisp5sable virtue ( humility1 he _h become a prey to spiritual pride1 & _h ent]$ ! mona/]y to a*ieve p]fect righte\sness by 8 own works4 ,he _h disreg>d$ ! wise c\nsels ( 8 bre?r51 :o _h w>n$ him n to dep5d too mu* on 8 own p[]s1 b seek ! aid ( ,god4 ,!n fail+ to make himself p]fect1 he _h run to ! o!r extreme & decl>$ t !re 0 no?+ good 9 man at all1 & t man c\ld n ( himself p]=m any wor?y action4 ,f9ally he _h hit ^u ! idea t ju/ification means1 n an infusion ( ju/ice into ! he>t ( ! p]son ju/ifi$1 b a m]e ext]nal imputation ( x4 ,fai?1 9 ,lu!r's view1 ?us becomes an assurance t ?is imputation has tak5 place1 & man accord+ly ne$ n give himself any m tr\ble ab\t 8 salvation4 ,?is tea*+1 ,ca?olic writ]s cont5d1 subv]ts ! prom95t tea*+ ( ! ,scriptures t man mu/ obey ,god & keep ,8 comm&m5ts1 t he mu/ be p]fect1 ev5 z 8 ,fa!r 9 heav5 is p]fect1 t he mu/ foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,jesus :o said3 ,i am n come to de/roy ! ,law1 b to fulfil x4 ,fur!rmore1 ?is tea*+ is said to dehumanize man & make out ( him a /ock & a /one1 utt]ly unfit = any spiritual ef=t4 ,god1 !y say1 con/itut$ man a rational be+ & impos$ c]ta9 precepts on him :i* he 0 free to keep or violate z he might *oose unto et]nal happ9ess or et]nal mis]y4 ,! s9 :i* all inh]it f ,adam has weak5$ ! p[]s ( man to d good1 b x has n entirely aboli%$ !m4 ,!re is /ill some?+ good 9 man by nature1 & if he wants to please ,god & obta9 ,8 aid 9 8 good endeavors1 he mu/ at lea/ d z mu* z is /ill 9 8 p[] to d1 & believe t ,god = ,jesus' sake w assi/ him to become p]fect1 if n 9 ?is life1 !n1 at any rate1 9 ! life to come4 ,he _c avoid s9 altoge!r1 b he c avoid s9 to a c]ta9 ext5t2 he c at lea/ lead an outw>dly dec5t life4 ,t is wor? some?+1 t is m]itori\s4 ,he may n feel a v deep contrition ov] 8 wrong-do+s1 b he c feel at lea/ an attrition1 t is1 a little sorr[1 or he c wi% t he might feel sorry4 ,t is wor? some?+2 t is m]itori\s4 ,he _c love ,god ) all 8 he>t & all 8 s\l1 & all 8 /r5g?1 b he c love ,him "s4 ,t is wor? some?+2 t is m]itori\s4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ! ri* "y man ask$ ! ,"l :at he mu/ d to ga9 heav51 ! ,"l did n say1 ,believe 9 ,me1 ,accept ,me = y\r p]sonal ,savior1 ,h fai? 9 ,me1 b ,he said3 ,if ?\ wilt ent] into life1 keep ! comm&m5ts4 ,paul1 likewise tea*es t fai? & love mu/ coop]ate 9 man1 = fai? worke? by love4 ,!re=e1 fai? 9 love & love 9 fai? ju/ify1 b n fai? alone4 ,fai? )\t works is dead & _c ju/ify4 ,a live fai? is a fai? t has works to %[ z its cr$5tials t x is real fai?4 ,h5ce1 fai? alone does n ju/ify1 b fai? & works4 ,love is ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,law2 fai? works by love1 h5ce1 by ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,law4 ,!re=e1 fai? alone does n ju/ify1 b fai? plus ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,law4 ,9 endless v>iations ,ca?olic writ]s ?us seek to upset ) ,scripture ,lu!r's tea*+ t man is ju/ifi$ by fai? 9 ,*ri/ alone1 & t all ! righte\sness :i* a s9n] c pres5t be=e ,god )\t fe> t x w be reject$ is a borr[$ righte\sness1 n 8 own "w-righte\sness4 ,we might express a j surprise t ,ca?olics %\ld be (f5d$ at ! doctr9e t ! righte\sness ( ,*ri/ is imput$1 t is1 reckon$ or c\nt$1 to ! s9n] z 8 own4 ,=1 does n _! sy/em ( indulg5ces re/ on a !ory ( imputation8 ,d !y n1 by sell+ f ! ,treasure ( ! ,*ur* ! sup]abundant m]its ( ,*ri/ & ! sa9ts to ! s9n] :o has n a suffici5t am\nt ( !m1 make ^? m]its ! s9n]'s own by j su* a process ( imputation8 ,!y surely _c infuse ^? m]its into ! s9n]4 ,b ,ca?olics probably object to ! ,prote/ant imputation-tea*+ because t is too *eap & easy1 & because ,prote/ant success has spoil$ a lucrative ,ca?olic imputation-bus9ess4--,?is 9 pass+4 ,let ! ,bible decid$ tr4 note3 sic :e!r ,lu!r 0 "r 9 tea*+ ju/ification by fai? alone1 by fai? )\t works4 ,:at does ! ,bible say ab\t ! condition ( natural man aft] ! fall8 ,x says3 ,t :i* is born ( ! fle% is fle%1 t is1 corrupt 7,john #c1 #f72 ,! imag9ation ( man's he>t is evil f 8 y\? 7,g54 #h1 #ba72 ,!y are all gone aside1 !y are altoge!r become fil?y3 !re is none t doe? good1 no1 n "o 7,ps4 #ad1 #c72 ,:o c br+ a clean ?+ out ( an unclean8 ,n "o 7,job #ad1 #d72 ,!re is "h no diff]5ce2 = all h s9n$ & come %ort ( ! glory ( ,god 7,rom4 #c1 #bb4 #bc74 ,:at does ! ,bible say ab\t ! p[]s ( natural man aft] ! fall 9 ref]5ce to spiritual matt]s8 ,x says3 ,! natural man receive? n ! ?+s ( ! ,_s ( ,god3 = !y are fooli%ness unto him2 nei!r c he "k !m1 because !y are spiritually disc]n$ 7#a ,cor4 #b1 #ad72 ,ye 7 dead 9 trespasses & s9s 7,eph4 #b1 #a72 ,! c>nal m9d1 t is1 ! m9d ( fle%1 ! natural m9d ( man1 is enmity aga9/ ,god 7,rom4 #h1 #g72 ,)\t ,me--,jesus is ! ,speak]--ye c d no?+ ,john #ae1 #e74 ,:at does ! ,bible say ab\t ! value ( man's works ( righte\sness p]=m$ by 8 natural p[]s8 ,x says3 ,we are all z an unclean ?+1 & all our righte\snesses are z fil?y rags 7,is4 #fd1 #f72 ,a corrupt tree _c br+ =? good fruit 7,matt4 #g1 #ag74 ,:at does ! ,bible say ab\t man's ability to fulfil ! ,law ( ,god8 ,x says3 ,curs$ is he t confirme? n all ! words ( ?is ,law to d !m 7,deut4 #bg1 #bf7 2 ,:osoev] %all keep ! :ole ,law1 & yet (f5d 9 "o po9t1 he is guilty ( all 7,jas4 #b1 #aj7 2 ,:at ! ,law c\ld n d1 9 t x 0 weak ?r\gh ! fle%1 ,god1 s5d+ ,8 own ,son 9 ! lik5ess ( s9ful fle% & = s91 condemn$ s9 9 ! fle% 7,rom4 #h1 #ch72 ,! ,law worke? wra?1 t is1 by conv9c+ man t he has n fulfill$ x & nev] w fulfil x1 x r\ses man's ang] aga9/ ,god :o has laid ?is unatta9able ,law ^u him 7,rom4 #d1 #ae74 ,:at does ! ,bible say ab\t ! relation ( ,*ri/ to ! ,law & to s98 ,x says3 ,god s5t =? ,8 ,son1 made ( a woman1 made "u ! ,law1 t ,he might r$eem !m t 7 "u ! ,law 7,gal4 #d1 #d72 ,*ri/ is ! end ( ! ,law '= righte\sness to e "o t believe? 7,rom4 #aj1 #d72 ,god ha? made ,him to be s9 = u :o knew no s91 t we might be made ! righte\s ( ,god 9 ,him 7#b ,cor4 #e1 #ba72 ,*ri/ ha? r$eem$ u f ! curse ( ! ,law2 be+ made a curse = u2 = x is writt51 ,curs$ is e "o t hange? on a tree 7,gal4 #c1 #ac74 ,:at does ! ,bible say ab\t fai? )\t works z a means ( ju/ification8 ,x says3 ,we conclude t a man is ju/ifi$ by fai?1 )\t ! de$s ( ! ,law 7,rom4 #c1 #bh72 ,to him t worke? n1 b believe? on ,him t ju/ifie? ! ungodly1 8 fai? is c\nt$ = righte\sness 7,rom4 #d1 #e72 ,i rejoice 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 & h no confid5ce 9 ! fle%1 ?\gh ,i might also h confid5ce 9 ! fle%4 ,if any o!r man ?9ke? t he ha? :]e( he might tru/ 9 ! fle%1 ,i m3 circumcis$ ! eigh? day1 ( ! /ock ( ,israel1 ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam91 an ,hebrew ( ! ,hebrews2 z t\*+ ! ,law1 a ,ph>isee2 conc]n+ zeal1 p]secut+ ! ,*ur*2 t\*+ ! righte\sness :i* is 9 ! ,law1 blameless4 ,! speak] is ! apo/le ,paul4 ,b :at ?+s 7 ga9 to me1 ^? ,i c\nt$ loss = ,*ri/4 ,yea1 d\btless2 & ,i c\nt all ?+s b loss = ! excell5cy ( ! k ( ,*ri/ ,jesus1 my ,"l1 = :om ,i h suff]$ ! loss ( all ?+s1 & d c\nt !m b dung1 t ,i may w9 ,*ri/ & be f\nd 9 ,him1 n hav+ m9e own righte\sness1 :i* is ( ! ,law1 b t :i* is ?r\gh ! fai? ( ,*ri/1 ! righte\sness :i* is ( ,god by fai? 7,phil4 #c1 #c-i7 2 ,if by grace1 !n is x no m ( works2 o!rwise grace is no m grace4 ,b if x be ( works1 !n is x no m grace2 o!rwise "w is no m "w 7,rom4 #aa1 #f74 7,! ,ca?olic ,bible omits ! la/ half ( ?is text47 ,:at does ! ,bible say ab\t fai? be+ assurance ( p>don & ev]la/+ life8 ,x says3 ,if ,god be = u1 :o c be aga9/ u8 ,he t sp>$ n ,8 own ,son1 b deliv]$ ,him up = u all1 h[ %all ,he n ) ,him also freely give u all ?+s8 ,:o %all lay any?+ to ! *>ge ( ,god's elect8 ,x is ,god t ju/ifie?4 ,:o is he t condemne?8 ,x is ,*ri/ t di$1 yea1 r1 t is ris5 aga91 :o is ev5 at ! "r h& ( ,god1 :o also make? int]cession = u4 ,:o %all sep>ate u f ! love ( ,*ri/8 %all tribulation1 or di/ress1 or p]secution1 or fam9e1 or nak$ness1 or p]il1 or sword8 ,nay1 9 all ^! ?+s we are m ?an conqu]ors ?r\gh ,him t lov$ u4 ,= ,i am p]suad$ t nei!r dea?1 nor life1 nor angels1 nor pr9cipalities1 nor p[]s1 nor ?+s pres5t1 nor ?+s to come1 nor height1 nor dep?1 nor any o!r creature1 %all be able to sep>ate u f ! love ( ,god :i* is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 our ,"l 7,rom4 #h1 #ca-ci72 ,i "k :om ,i h believ$1 & am p]suad$ t ,he is able to keep t :i* ,i h committ$ unto ,him aga9/ t day 7#b ,tim4 #a1 #ab74 ,"h we re/ our case4 ,if ,lu!r 0 wrong 9 tea*+ ! ju/ification ( ! s9n] by fai?1 )\t ! de$s ( ! ,law1 !n ,paul 0 wrong1 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 wrong1 ! apo/les & prophets 7 wrong1 ! :ole ,bible is wrong4 ,ca?olics mu/ squ>e !mselves to ^! texts be=e !y d>e to op5 _! m\?s aga9/ ,lu!r4 ,if ,lu!r 0 a h]etic1 ! ,"l ,jesus made him "o1 & ,he is mak+ a h]etic ( e read] ( ! texts a=ecit$4 ,rome w h to answ] to ,him4 ,b :at ab\t ! answ] ( ! ,"l to ! ri* "y man8 ,:at ab\t ! comm&m5t to be p]fect8 ,does n ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai? alone1 )\t ! de$s ( ! ,law1 aboli% ! holy & good ,law ( ,god8 ,n at all4 ,:5 ,paul exp\nds to ! ,galatians ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai? z comp>$ ) ju/ification by works1 he arrays ! ,law aga9/ ! ,gospel1 & raises ?is "q3 ,is ! ,law1 !n1 aga9/ ! promises ( ,god8 ,8 answ] reveals ! :ole difficulty t att5ds e ef=t to obta9 righte\sness by fulfill+ ! ,law1 he says3 ,god =bid3 = if !re _h be5 a law giv5 :i* c\ld h giv5 life1 v]ily1 righte\sness %\ld h be5 by ! ,law4 7,gal4 #c1 #ba47 ,*ri/ express$ ! same tru? :5 ,he said to ! lawy]3 ,d ?is1 & ?\ %alt live4 7,luke #aj1 #bh47 ,! reason :y ! ,law makes no p]son righte\s is n because x is n a suffici5t rule or norm ( good works by :i* m5 c\ld e>n et]nal life1 b because x does n furni% man any ability to a*ieve t righte\sness :i* x dem&s4 ,no law does t4 ,! law only creates duties1 & insi/s on _! fulfilm5t "u ?reat ( puni%m5t4 ,x is n ! function ( ! law to make do]s ( ! law4 ,orig9ally ! ,law 0 issu$ to m5 :o 7 able to fulfil x1 because !y 7 creat$ aft] ! image ( ,god1 9 p]fect hol9ess & righte\sness4 ,t !y lo/ ?is concreate tr4 note3 sic ability ?r\gh ! fall is no reason :y ,god %\ld *ange or abrogate ,8 ,law4 ,he purposes to help !m 9 ano!r way1 by s5d+ !m ,8 ,son = a ,r$eem]1 :o fulfils ! ,law 9 _! /ead4 ,b ?is wond]ful plan ( ,god = ! rescue ( lo/ man is n appreciat$ by any "o :o /ill believes1 z ! ,ca?olics d1 t he has "s good p[]s 9 him left :i* he c develop ) ! help ( ,god to su* an ext5t t he c make himself righte\s4 ,to su* a p]son ,jesus says to-day z ,he said to ! ri* "y man3 ,keep ! comm&m5ts6 ,t means1 s9ce y believe 9 y\r ability1 proce$ to employ x4 ,y\r rew>d is sure1 provid$ only y d :at ! ,law dem&s4 ,b j z surely ! curse ( ,god re/s on y if y d n d x4 ,:5 y h become conv9c$ t x is impossible to fulfil ! ,law1 y may ask a diff]5t "q1 a "q :i* ! k ( y\r spiritual disability has wre/$ f y z x did f ! jail] at ,philippi3 ,:at mu/ ,i d to be sav$8 & y w n receive ! answ]3 ,keep ! comm&m5ts6 b3 ,believe 9 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ?\ %alt be sav$1 7,acts #af1 #bi4 #cj47 ,n a ^w w be said any m ab\t any?+ t y mu/ d4 ,y w be told3 ,all t y ought to h done has be5 accompli%$ by ,"o :o di$ ) ! exclamation3 ,x is f9i%$6 7,john #ai1 #cj71 & :o n[ s5ds ,8 mess5g]s abroad invit+ m5 to ,8 free salvation3 ,come1 = all ?+s are n[ ready6 7,luke #ad1 #ag47 ,ho1 e "o t ?ir/e?1 come ye to ! wat]s1 & he t ha? no money2 come ye1 buy1 & eat2 yea1 come1 buy w9e & milk )\t money & )\t price4 ,:]e=e d ye sp5d money = t :i* is n bread8 & y\r labor = t :i* satisfie? n8 ,he>k5 dilig5tly unto ,me1 & eat ye t :i* is good 7,is4 #ee1 #a4 #b47 ,:5 y h we>i$ y\rself to dea? by y\r ef=ts to a*ieve righte\sness1 z ,paul did :5 he 0 /ill ! ,ph>isee ,saul ( ,t>sus1 z ,lu!r did :ile he 0 /ill 9 ! bondage ( pop]y1 :5 y h become hot 9 y\r confus$ & despair+ m9d aga9/ ,god & ! ,law1 :i* y _c fulfil1 y w appreciate ! voice t calls to y z x has call$ to millions be=e y3 ,come unto ,me1 all ye t labor & are heavy lad51 & ,i w give y re/4 7,matt4 #aa1 #bh47 ,& if y are wise1 !n1 ) ! wisdom :i* ! ,_s gives ! *ildr5 ( ,god1 y w n delay a m9ute1 b come rejoic+ t y ne$ n get salvation by works1 & w s+3 ,j z ,i am1 )\t "o plea ,b t ,?y blood 0 %$ = me1 ,& t ,?\ bid/ me come to ,!e1 ,o ,lamb ( ,god1 ,i come1 ,i come6 ,rome has curs$ ,lu!r = tea*+ ju/ification by fai?1 )\t ! de$s ( ! ,law4 ,! pr9ciples :i* he _h timidly utt]$ 9 ! ,!ses l$ to bold] decl>ations lat]1 :5 ! full light ( ! bless$ ,gospel _h come to him4 ,x br\ght him ! curse ( ! ,pope 9 ! bull ,exsurge1 ,dom9e6 ( ,june #ae1 #aebj4 ,! foll[+ e/imate by a rec5t ,ca?olic writ] is a fair sample ( ! s5tim5ts *]i%$ by (ficial ,rome = ,lu!r3 ,f out ! va/ numb] :om ! enemy ( man rais$ up to inv5t h]esies1 :i*1 ,/4 ,cyprian says1 'de/roy fai? & divide unity1' n "o1 or all toge!r1 ev] equal$ or surpass$ ,m>t9 ,lu!r 9 ! wide range ( 8 errors1 ! f]ocity ) :i* he promulgat$ !m1 & ! h>m he did 9 lead+ s\ls away f ! ,*ur*1 ! f\nta9 ( ev]la/+ tru?4 ,! h]esies ( ,sabellius1 ,arius1 ,pelagius1 & o!r rebelli\s m5 7 insignificant z comp>$ ) ^? ,lu!r =mulat$ & proclaim$ f\r hundr$ ye>s ago1 & :i*1 un=tunately1 h ev] s9ce done s]vice aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,9 ,lu!r mo/1 if n all1 =m] h]esies meet1 & rea* _! climax4 ,to enum]ate fully all ! wick$1 false1 & p]v]se tea*+s ( ! ar*-h]etic w\ld require a volume _m times l>g] ?an ! ,bible1 & e "o ( ! lies & falsehoods t h be5 us$ aga9/ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* may be trac$ back to him z to _! orig9al =mulator4 ,! cause = ?is undisguis$ hatr$ ( ,lu!r is *iefly ,lu!r's tea*+ ( ju/ification by fai?1 )\t works4 ,9 its ,six? ,session ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t condemn$ ! foll[+ doctr9es3 ,on ,free ,w3 ,canon ,,iv3 ,if any "o says t ! free w ( man1 :5 mov$ & /irr$ by ,god1 _c1 by giv+ ass5t1 coop]ate ) ,god1 :o is /irr+ & call+ man1 s t he disposes & prep>es himself = obta9+ ! grace ( ju/ification1 or t he _c diss5t if he wills1 b1 l "s inanimate ?+1 does absolutely no?+ & is purely passive1--let him be accurs$4 ,on ,ju/ification3 ,canon ,,ix3 ,if any "o says t ! ungodly are ju/ifi$ by fai? alone1 9 ! s5se t no?+ else is requir$ on _! "p t might coop]ate to ! end ( obta9+ ! grace ( ju/ification1 & t x is 9 no wise necess>y t !y be prep>$ & dispos$ 7= ?is grace7 by a movem5t ( ! w1--let him be accurs$4 ,canon ,,xi3 ,if any "o says t man is ju/ifi$ ei!r by ! imputation ( ! righte\sness ( ,*ri/ alone or by ! remission ( 8 s9s alone1 )\t grace & love be+ diffus$ ?r\gh 8 he>t by ! ,holy ,_s & inh]+ !re91 or t ! grace :]eby we are ju/ifi$ is m]ely ! good w ( ,god1--let him be accurs$4 ,canon ,,xii3 ,if any "o says t ju/ify+ fai? is no?+ else ?an tru/ 9 ! div9e m]cy :i* =gives s9s = ,*ri/'s sake1 or t x is ?is tru/ alone by :i* we are ju/ifi$1--let him be accurs$4 ,canon ,,xxiv3 ,if any "o says t righte\sness1 aft] hav+ be5 receiv$1 is n cons]v$ nor augm5t$ be=e ,god by good works1 b t ^! works are m]ely ! fruits or signs ( ! ju/ification :i* "o has obta9$1 & t !y are n a reason :y ju/ification is increas$1--let him be accurs$4 ,x is a well-kn[n *>act]i/ic ( ! decrees ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t t tru? & error appe> skilfully int]wov5 9 !m4 ,!y are l a d\ble motion t is (f]$ 9 a delib]ative body3 !y conta9 ?+s :i* "o mu/ affirm1 & o!r ?+s :i* "o mu/ negative4 ,!y _c be vot$ on--_m ( !m--except aft] a division ( ! "q4 ,!y conta9 rid]s l ^? 9 a bill t comes be=e a legislative body3 9 ord] to pass ! bill at all1 ! rid] mu/ be pass$ along ) ! bill4 ,b en\gh crops out 9 ^! decrees to %[ t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is n will+ to let ! m]its ( ,*ri/ be reg>d$ z ! only ?+ t ju/ifies ! s9n]4 ,he mu/ coop]ate ) ! ,holy ,_s to ! end ( be+ ju/ifi$4 ,he mu/ prep>e & dispose himself = receiv+ ju/ify+ grace1 & ?is grace is infus$ into him1 & manife/s itself 9 holy movem5ts ( ! he>t & by good works1 9 acts ( love4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ri/ian is taught to believe t he is ju/ifi$ p>tly by :at ,*ri/ has done1 p>tly by :at he himself is do+4 ,he _c subscribe to ,paul's /atem5t3 ,by grace are ye sav$ ?r\gh fai?1 & t n ( y\rselves3 x is ! gift ( ,god2 n ( works1 le/ any man %\ld boa/4 7,eph4 #b1 #h4 #i47 ,nor is 8 ju/ification ev] complete1 because 8 love is nev] p]fect4 ,x mu/ be increas$ ev5 aft] 8 dea?4 ,! ,roman purgatory conta9s s9n]s :om ,god _h ju/ifi$ z f> z ,he c\ld1 ! s9n]s rema9+ 9 arre>s ) _!1 "p ( ! contract4 ,accord+ly1 ! s9n] c nev] h ! assurance t he w ent] heav54 ,x w\ld be presumptu\s = him to ?9k s4 ,he mu/ live on & "w on at 8 poor dy+ rate1 & hope = ! be/4 ,?is tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome subv]ts ,*ri/ianity4 ,x /rikes at ! root ( ! fai? t saves4 ,x is a relapse into paganism & an affront (f]$ to ! ,savior4 ,x borr[s ! language ( ,scripture to express ! mo/ hide\s error4 ,by ?is tea*+ ,rome does n drive m5 into purgatory1--:i* does n exi/1--b into hell4 ,x is only by a miracle ( div9e grace t s9n]s are sav$ :]e su* tea*+ prevails3 !y mu/ =get :at is told !m ab\t ! necessity ( _! own works & cl+ only to ! ,r$eem]1 & mu/ ?us practically repudiate ! tea*+ ( _! ,*ur*4 ,"s d ?is1 & escape ! p]nici\s consequ5ces ( ! error ( _! ,*ur*4 ,all ( !m w rise up 9 ! ,judgm5t to accuse _! tea*]s ( a h]esy ! wor/ imag9able4 ,rome has1 inde$1 assail$ ! article ) :i* ! ,*ur* ei!r /&s or falls4 ,all its o!r errors1 crass1 grotesque1 & repulsive ?\gh !y are1 are m]e *ild's play 9 comp>ison ) ?is damn+ & de/ructive error ( ju/ification by works4 ,lu!r rightly e/imat$ ! virul5ce ( ?is abysmal h]esy :5 he said t ^? :o attack$ 8 tea*+ ( ju/ification by grace ?r\gh fai? alone 7 aim+ at 8 ?roat4 ,rome's tea*+ on ju/ification is an attempt to /rike at ! vitals ( ,*ri/ian fai? & life4 ,x s9ks ! dagg] into ! he>t ( ,*ri/ianity4 #af4 ,! ,fatali/ ,lu!r4 ,ca?olic writ]s h discov]$ a fatali/ic t5d5cy 9 ,lu!r's tea*+ ( ju/ification by fai? )\t works4 ,!y decl>e t ,lu!r's !ory ( ! utt] depravity ( man by reason ( inh]it$ s9 & 8 incapacity to p]=m any "w t c be acc\nt$ good 9 ! sight ( ,god kills e ambition to virtu\s liv+ 9 man4 ,!y argue t :5 y tell a p]son t he is n capable to d good1 he is apt to believe y & make no ef=t to p]=m a good de$4 ,! situation becomes /ill worse :5 ! div9e pr$e/9ation is introduc$ at ?is po9t1 z has be5 done1 !y say1 by ,lu!r4 ,if ,god has det]m9$ all ?+s be=eh& by a sov]eign decree1 if !re really is no su* ?+ z human *oice1 & all ?+s occur accord+ to a =eorda9$ plan1 man no long] has any responsibility4 ,he is r$uc$ to an automaton4 ,free w is d5i$ him2 he _c elect by volunt>y *oice to engage 9 any ,god-pleas+ action2 = he is told t 8 natural reason is bl9d$ by s9 & 8 und]/&+ d>k5$1 r5d]+ x impossible = him to disc]n good & evil1 & lead+ him con/antly into errors ( judgm5t on :at is "r or wrong1 :ile he is made to believe t 8 w is enslav$ by evil lu/s & passions1 ev] prone to wick$ness & av]se to godl9ess4 ,z a consequ5ce1 x is claim$1 man mu/ necess>ily become morally indiff]5t3 he w n fight aga9/ s9 nor foll[ aft] righte\sness1 because he has become conv9c$ t x is useless = him to make any ef=t ei!r 9 ! "o direction or 9 ! o!r4 ,! doctr9e ( man's natural depravity & ! div9e =eord9ation ( all ?+s1 x is held1 mu/ drive man ei!r to despair1 insanity1 & suicide1 or l& him hopelessly 9 fatalism3 he w simply cont9ue 8 physical life 9 a me*anical way1 l a brute or a plant2 he m]ely vegetates4 ,^! fatal t5d5cies :i* are *>g$ aga9/ ,lu!r are refut$ by no "o m effectually ?an by ,lu!r himself4 ,z reg>ds ! doctr9e ( orig9al s9 & man's natural depravity1 ,lu!r prea*$ t ) apo/olic =ce & precision4 ,t doctr9e is a ,bible-doctr9e4 ,no p]son has read 8 ,bible aright1 no exp\nd] ( ,scripture has begun to expla9 ! div9e plan ( salvation = s9n]s1 if he has fail$ to f9d ?is tea*+ 9 ! ,bible4 ,?is doctr9e is1 inde$1 extremely humiliat+ to ! pride ( man2 x op5s up appall+ views ( ! mis]y ( ! human race "u s94 ,we c und]/& :y m5 w\ld want to get away f ?is doctr9e4 ,b no "o conf]s any b5efit on m5 by m9imiz+ ! importance ( ! ,bible-tea*+1 or by weak5+ ! /atem5ts ( ,scripture reg>d+ ?is matt]4 ,any tea*+ :i* admits ! lea/ good quality 9 man by :i* he c prep>e or dispose himself s z to induce ,god to view him ) favor is a contradiction ( ! passages ( ,scripture :i* 7 cit$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 & works a delusion ^u m5 t w prove j z fatal z :5 a physician )holds f 8 pati5t ! full k ( 8 critical condition4 ,yea1 x is worse2 = a physician :o is n frank & s9c]e to 8 pati5t may deprive ! latt] ( 8 physical life1 b ! tea*] ( ,god's ,^w :o in/ils 9 m5 false notions ( _! moral & spiritual p[] robs !m ( life et]nal4 ,lu!r avoid$ ?is error4 ,he l$ m5 to a true e/imate ( !mselves z !y are by nature4 ,b ov] & aga9/ ! fell p[] ( s9 he magnifi$ ! great] p[] ( div9e grace4 ,:]e s9 ab\nd$1 grace ha? mu* m ab\nd$ 7,rom4 #e1 #bj71--;along ?is l9e ,lu!r f\nd ! solution = ! awful difficulty :i* confronts e man :5 he /udies ! ,bible-doctr9e ( orig9al s91 & :5 he discov]s1 moreov]1 t ?is ,bible-doctr9e is borne out fully by 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,j = ?is reason1 because man c d no?+ to re/ore himself to ! div9e favor1 ,god by ,8 grace proposes to d all1 & has s5t ,8 ,son 9 ! lik5ess ( s9ful fle% to d all1 &1 la/ n lea/1 publi%es ! fact t all has be5 done 9 ! ,gospel ( ! =giv5ess ( s9 by grace ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,lu!r has taught m5 to confess3 ,i believe t ,i _c by my own reason or /r5g? believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ or come to ,him1 b he taught !m also to foll[ up ?is true confession ) ! o!r3 ,! ,holy ,gho/ has call$ me by ! ,gospel1 enlight5$ me ) ,8 gifts1 sanctifi$ & kept me 9 ! true fai?4 ,! ,gospel is call$ 9 ! ,scriptures ! ,^w ( ,life1 n only because x speaks ( ! life ev]la/+ :i* ,god has prep>$ = ,8 *ildr51 b also because x gives life4 ,x approa*es man1 dead 9 trespasses & s9s1 & quick5s him into new life4 ,x removes f ! m9d ( man its natural bl9dness & f ! w ( man its innate impot5cy4 ,x reg5]ates all ! dead p[]s ( ! s\l1 & makes man walk 9 newness ( life4 ,! difficulty :i* orig9al s9 has creat$ is n great] ?an ! means & in/rum5ts :i* ,god has provid$ = cop+ ) x4 ,god ha? conclud$ all 9 unbelief1 t ,he might h m]cy on all4 7,rom4 #aa1 #cb47 ,?is is ! only true salvation1 e o!r is fictiti\s4 ,x tea*es man bo? to face ! fe>ful odds aga9/ him because ( 8 corruption1 & to reli% all ! m ! po9ts 9 8 favor by reason ( ,god's r$eem+ & reg5]at+ grace4 ,x />ts its "w ) cru%+ man's pride & self-confid5ce utt]ly1 & hurl+ him into ! abyss ( despair1 b x lifts him out ( despair ) a mighty p[] t breaks ! p[] ( evil 9 him4 ,?is *ange is br\ght ab\t 9 su* a g5tle1 t5d] way t ! s9n] has no s5sation ( be+ co]c$ into ! new life by "s f>ce :i* he _c resi/4 ,x w9s him ov] to ,god & 8 ,*ri/ 9 spite ( 8 resi/ance1 & makes out ( 8 unwill+ he>t a will+ "o1 :i* gladly co9cides ) ! lead+s ( grace4 ,! ,roman s*eme ( salvation might be call$ ! o/ri* me?od3 x tea*es m5 ! fooli% /rategy ( ! bird ( ! des]t1 :i* hides its head 9 ! s& :5 x sees an enemy approa*+1 & !n imag9es ! enemy does n exi/4 ,orig9al s9 may be disput$ out ( ! ,bible by a false int]pretation1 b x is n !reby rul$ out ( exi/5ce4 ,:5 face to face ) 8 ,god--if no soon]1 !n 9 ! h\r ( dea?--e man feels t he is utt]ly corrupt & wor?less1 & he w curse any tea*] t caus$ him to believe o!rwise4 ,free w is n creat$ by ass]tions4 ,let ! apo/les ( free w only try1 & !y w f9d out t _! fre$om is nil4 ,ca?olics d5\nce ,lu!r = hav+ decl>$ ! free w ( man to be no?+ ?an a ^w )\t sub/ance3 we he> ! s\nd :5 ! ^w is pron\nc$1 & grasp its grammatical mean+1 b we d n realize x 9 ourselves4 ,e p]son1 h[ev]1 :o has truly come to "k himself w side ) ,lu!r1 or r ) ! ,bible4 ,fur!rmore1 to ! same ext5t to :i* ! ,roman view exalts man's natural p[]s = good1 x l[]s & limits ! "w ( ,*ri/ & ! ,holy ,_s1 & begets a false confid5ce & security t is rudely %ak5 :5 ! fir/ slip & fall occurs 9 ! p]son's ,*ri/ian life4 ,he has nev] really laid hold ( ! grace ( ,god1 because he has n be5 taught to tru/ only to ! grace ( ,god to lead & pres]ve him 9 ! way ( life4 ,he w beg9 to di/ru/ ! ,gospel z a v ineffici5t in/rum5t1 & ?is w lead him to become indiff]5t to x1 & f9ally fall away f x entirely4 ,a real dang] ( apo/asy & despair exi/s :]ev] ! ,roman dogma ( man's natural free w is proclaim$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 do+ ,lu!r a flagrant inju/ice :5 he is made to d5y t man has no long] any natural reason & w 9 ! secul> affairs ( ?is life4 ,lu!r us$ to divide ! entire life ( man into two hemisph]es1 ! upp] embrac+ man's relation to ,god1 holy ?+s1 ! int]e/s ( ! s\l "h & h]eaft]1 & ! l[]1 embrac+ ! purely human1 temporal1 & secul> int]e/s ( man4 ,x is only 9 ! high] hemisph]e t ,lu!r d5ies ! exi/5ce ( free w4 ,?r\gh\t 8 writ+s ,lu!r ass]ts ! exi/5ce1 ! actual op]ation1 & ! necessity ( human free w1 ?\gh sadly weak5$ by s91 9 ! affairs ( ?is pres5t life4 ,x w be suffici5t to cite z evid5ce ! ,augsburg ,confession :i* 0 drawn up ) ,lu!r's aid & submitt$ to ,emp]or ,*>les ,v 9 #aecj z ! jo9t belief ( ,lu!r & 8 foll[]s4 ,( ! ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 say ! ,prote/ant confessors1 !y tea* t man's w has "s lib]ty = ! atta9m5t ( civil righte\sness & = ! *oice ( ?+s subject to reason4 ,nev]!less1 x has n p[]1 )\t ! ,holy ,gho/1 to "w ! righte\sness ( ,god1 t is1 spiritual righte\sness1 s9ce ! natural man receive? n ! ?+s ( ! ,_s ( ,god 7#a ,cor4 #b1 #ad72 b ?is righte\sness is wr\ght 9 ! he>t :5 ! ,holy ,gho/ is receiv$ ?r\gh ! ,^w4 ,^! ?+s are said 9 z _m words by ,augu/9e 9 8 ,hypogno/icon 7,book ,,iii73 ',we grant t all m5 h a c]ta9 fre$om ( w 9 judg+ accord+ to natural reason2 n su* fre$om1 h[ev]1 :]eby x is capable1 )\t ,god1 ei!r to beg91 mu* less to complete aught 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ,god1 b only 9 works ( ?is life1 :e!r good or evil4 ,good ,i call ^? works :i* spr+ f ! good 9 ,nature1 t is1 to h a w to labor 9 ! field1 to eat & dr9k1 to h a fri5d1 to clo! oneself1 to build a h\se1 to m>ry1 to keep cattle1 to le>n div]s useful arts1 or :atsoev] good p]ta9s to ?is life1 none ( :i* ?+s are )\t dep5d5ce on ! provid5ce ( ,god2 yea1 ( ,him & ?r\gh ,him !y are & h _! beg9n+4 ,evil ,i call su* ?+s z1 to h a w to wor%ip an idol1 to commit murd]1' etc4 7,art4 #ah47 ,lu!r has always held t !re is a natural intellig5ce & wisdom1 a natural w-p[] & en]gy :i* m5 employ 9 _! daily occupations1 _! trades & pr(essions1 _! trade & comm]ce1 _! lit]ature & art1 _! culture & ref9em5t1 yea1 t !re is also a natural k ( ,god ev5 among ! ,g5tiles1 :o yet "k n ,god1 & a seem+ p]=mance ( ! ?+s :i* ,god has comm&$4 ,b ^! natural abilities d n rea* into ! high] hemisph]e2 !y _c pass mu/] at ! b> ( div9e ju/ice4 ,!y d n spr+ f "r motives1 nor d !y aim at "r ends2 !y are det]m9$ by man's self-int]e/4 ,!y come %ort ( t glory :i* ,god ought to receive f wor%ip]s 9 _s & 9 tru? 7,rom4 #c1 #bc2 ,john #d1 #bc72 !y are evil 9 z f> z !y are ! corrupt fruits ( corrupt trees4 ,9 condemn+ ! moral quality ( ^! natural works ( civil righte\sness1 ,lu!r has said no m ?an ,*ri/ & ,8 apo/les h said4 ,lu!r taught ! ,bible-doctr9e t !re is 9 ,god a hidd5 w :i* ,he has res]v$ to ,8 maje/y 7,d5t4 #bi72 t ,8 judgm5ts are unse>*able & ,8 ways pa/ f9d+ out 7,rom4 #aa1 #cc72 t n ev5 a sp>r[ falls to ! gr\nd )\t ,8 w1 & t ! v hairs ( our head are numb]$ 7,matt4 #aj1 #bi4 #cj72 t no evil c occur any:]e )\t ,8 p]mission 7,amos #c1 #f2 ,is4 #de1 #g74 ,to d5y ^! tru?s is to reject ! ,bible & to de/roy ! sov]eign omnisci5ce & omnipot5ce ( ,god4 ,^? :o attack ,lu!r = believ+ t also ! evil 9 ?is _w is relat$ to ,god w h to *ange _! bill ( indictm5t3 _! *>ge is really direct$ aga9/ ,scripture4 ,lu!r has1 h[ev]1 w>n$ m5 n to attempt a /udy ( ?is secret w ( ,god1 = ! pla9 reason t x is secret1 & x w\ld be blasphem\s presumption to try & f9d x out4 ,all our deal+s ) ,god mu/ be on ! basis ( ,8 reveal$ w4 ,if we only w /udy t1 we w be fully occupi$ our :ole life4 ,z reg>ds ! ,scriptural doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation1 t ^? :o ultimately atta9 to ! life ev]la/+ h be5 *os5 to t end1 ,lu!r has w>n$ m5 n to /udy ?is doctr9e outside ( ,*ri/ & ! ,gospel4 ,god has told ,8 *ildr5 = _! com=t amid ! vicissitudes ( ?is life t ,he has secur$ _! et]nal happ9ess aga9/ all dang]s1 b ,he has n ask$ !m1 nor does ,he p]mit !m1 to f9d out a priori :e!r ?is or t p]son is elect4 ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! ,book ( ,life 9 :i* ! elect are to f9d _! names record$1 & 9 ! g5]al way ( salvation ?r\gh rep5tance1 fai?1 & sanctification ( life !y are to be l$ to ! h]itage ( ! sa9ts 9 light4 ,9 8 summ>y ( ! n9?1 t5?1 & elev5? *apt]s ( ,romans1 ,lu!r /ates t by ,8 et]nal election ,god has tak5 our salvation entirely out ( our h&s & plac$ x 9 ,8 own h&s4 ,& ?is is mo/ highly necess>y4 ,= we are s feeble & fickle t1 if salvation dep5d$ ^u u1 n a p]son w\ld be sav$2 ! devil w\ld ov]come !m all4 ,b s9ce ,god is reliable & ,8 election _c fail or be ?w>t$ by any "o1 we /ill h hope ov] & aga9/ s94 ,b at ?is po9t a limit mu/ be fix$ = ! presumptu\s spirits :o so> too high4 ,!y lead _! reason fir/ to ?is subject1 !y />t at ! p9nacle1 !y want to explore fir/ ! abyss ( ! div9e election1 & wre/le va9ly ) ! "q :e!r !y are elect4 ,^! p br+ ab\t _! own ov]?r[3 !y are ei!r driv5 to despair or become reckless4--,foll[ ! ord] ( ?is ,epi/le3 ,fir/1 occupy y\rself ) ,*ri/ & ! ,gospel1 9 ord] t y may le>n to "k y\r s9 & ,8 grace2 next1 beg9 to wre/le ) y\r s91 z *apt]s #a-h tea* y to d4 ,!n1 aft] y h rea*$ ! doctr9e conc]n+ crosses & tribulations 9 ! eigh? *apt]1 y w rightly le>n ! doctr9e ( election 9 *apt]s #i-aa1 because y w realize :at a com=t ?is doctr9e conta9s4 ,= ! doctr9e ( election c be /udi$ )\t injury & secret ang] aga9/ ,god only by ^? :o h pass$ ?r\gh suff]+1 crosses1 & angui% ( dea?4 ,accord+ly1 ! old ,adam 9 y mu/ be dead be=e y c be> ?is subject & dr9k ?is /rong w9e4 ,see t y d n dr9k w9e :ile y are /ill a babe4 ,!re is a prop] "t1 age1 & mann] = prop\nd+ ! v>i\s doctr9es ( ,god to m54 ,:at is !re fatali/ic ab\t ?is8 #ag4 ,lu!r a ,tea*] ( ,lawlessness4 ,lu!r's tea*+ on ! =giv5ess ( s9 is /]nly rebuk$ by ,ca?olic writ]s because ( its immoral t5d5cies4 ,!y say1 :5 ! =giv5ess ( s9s is made z easy z ,lu!r makes x1 ! p w cease be+ afraid if s9n+4 ,! dang] ( ! ,gospel ( ! graci\s =giv5ess ( s9s be+ misappli$ has always exi/$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,e /ud5t ( *ur* hi/ory kn[s ?is4 ,ca?olic writ]s "k ?is4 ,paul wre/l$ ) ?is practical p]v]sion ( ! lov+ int5tions ( our heav5ly ,fa!r 9 8 day4 ,aft] decl>+ to ! ,romans3 ,:]e s9 ab\nd$1 grace did mu* m ab\nd1 he raises ! "q3 ,:at %all we say !n8 ,%all we cont9ue 9 s9 t grace may ab\nd8 ,he returns ?is horrifi$ answ]3 ,god =bid6 ,h[ %all we1 t are dead to s91 live any long] !re98 7,rom4 #e1 #bj-f1 #b47 ,actually !re 7 p 9 ! apo/le's days :o drew f 8 evangelical tea*+ ?is p]nici\s inf]5ce1 t by s9n+ !y gave ! =giv+ grace ( ,god a l>g] opportunity to ex]t itself1 h5ce1 t !y 7 glorify+ grace by committ+ m s94 ,?is meant putt+ a premium on s9n+4 ,= ,god's sake1 h[ c y conceive a ?\ght l t8 ! apo/le exclaims4 ,he repudiates ! idea z blasphem\s1 :i* x is4 ,to s9 9 ! assurance t s9 w be =giv5 is n honor+1 b di%onor+ ,god & ,8 grace2 x is n exalt+1 b traduc+ fai?2 x is n ,*ri/ian1 b devili%4 ,summ>iz+ ! cont5ts ( ,romans1 *apt] #e1 ,lu!r says3 ,9 ! fif? *apt] ,paul comes to speak ( ! fruits & works ( fai?1 su* z peace1 joy1 love ( ,god & all m51 & 9 addition to ^!1 security1 boldness1 *e]fulness1 c\rage & hope amid tribulations & suff]+4 ,all ^! effects foll[ :]e !re is g5u9e fai?1 because ( ! sup]abundant bless+ :i* ,god has conf]r$ ^u u 9 ,*ri/ by caus+ ,him to die = u be=e we c\ld pray t ,he might d ?is1 yea1 :ile we 7 yet ,8 enemies4 ,accord+ly1 we conclude t fai? ju/ifies )\t works ( any k9d1 & yet x does n foll[ t we mu/ n d any good works4 ,g5u9e good works _c fail to fl[ f fai?1--works ( :i* ! self-righte\s "k no?+1 & 9 ! place ( :i* !y inv5t _! own works1 9 :i* !re is nei!r peace1 joy1 security1 love1 hope1 boldness1 nor any o!r ( ! *>act]i/ics ( a g5u9e ,*ri/ian "w & fai?4 ,9 8 ,preface to ,romans1 ,lu!r meets a some:at diff]5t objection to fai?3 ,*ri/ians1 aft] !y h begun to believe1 /ill discov] s9 9 !mselves1 & on acc\nt ( ?is imag9e t fai? alone _c save !m4 ,!re mu/ be some?+ done 9 addition to believ+ to insure _! salvation4 ,9 reply+ to ?is scruple1 ,lu!r has giv5 a classical description ( ! quality & p[] ( fai?4 ,?is description s]ves to bla/ ! ,ca?olic *>ge t ,lu!r's easy way ( ju/ify+ ! s9n] leads to increas$ s9n+4 ,lu!r says3 ,fai? is n ! human notion & dream :i* "s reg>d z fai?4 ,:5 !y obs]ve t no improvem5t ( life nor any good works fl[ f fai? ev5 :]e p he> & talk mu* ab\t fai?1 !y fall into ?is error t !y decl>e3 fai? is n suffici5t1 y mu/ d works if y wi% to become godly & be sav$4 ,! reason is1 ^! p1 :5 !y he> ! ,gospel1 hurri$ly =mulate by _! own p[]s a ?\ght 9 _! he>t :i* ass]ts3 ,i believe4 ,?is ?\ght !y reg>d z g5u9e fai?4 ,h[ev]1 z _! fai? is b a human figm5t & idea t nev] rea*es ! bottom ( ! he>t1 x is in]t & effects no improvem5t4 ,g5u9e fai?1 h[ev]1 is a div9e "w 9 u by :i* we are *ang$ & born anew ( ,god4 7,john #a1 #ac47 ,x slays ! old ,adam1 & makes u entirely new m5 9 our he>t1 m9d1 ideas1 & all our p[]s4 ,x br+s u ! ,holy ,_s4 ,oh1 ?is fai? is a lively1 active1 busy1 mighty ?+6 ,x is impossible = fai? n to be active )\t ceas+4 ,fai? does n ask :e!r good works are to be done1 b be=e ! "q has be5 ask$1 x has accompli%$ good works2 yea1 x is always engag$ 9 do+ good works4 ,:oev] does n d su* good works is void ( fai?2 he gropes & mopes ab\t1 look+ = fai? & good works1 b kn[s nei!r :at fai? nor :at good works are1 ?\gh he may prate & babble ev] s mu* ab\t fai? & good works4 ,!re has nev] be5 a "t :5 ! ,gospel & ! grace ( ,god h n be5 wre/$ to wick$ purposes by ins9c]e m51 hypocrites1 & bold spirits4 ,= ?is reason ,god has in/ruct$ ,*ri/ians3 ,give n t :i* is holy unto ! dogs1 nei!r ca/ ye y\r pe>ls be=e sw9e1 le/ !y trample !m "u _! feet1 & turn aga9 & r5d y4 7,matt4 #g1 #f47 ,! dang] ( misappli$ grace is a pres5t-day dang] 9 e evangelical community4 ,e>ne/ ,*ri/ian m9i/]s & laym5 /rive ) ?is misapplication :]ev] !y discov] x4 ,c !y d any m8 ,rome w say3 ,:y d y n d z we d 9 our ,*ur*8 ,we d n prea* ! ,gospel 9 su* a reckless fa%ion1 we make m5 "w = _! salvation4 ,rome w\ld aboli% or consid]ably limit ! prea*+ ( free & abundant grace to ! s9n]4 ,we recoil f ?is sugge/ion because x makes ! entire "w ( ,*ri/ ( none effect1 & wipes out ! gr&e/ portions ( our ,bible4 ,if e abuse ( some?+ t is good mu/ be /opp$ by aboli%+ ! prop] use1 !n let u give up eat+ because "s make gluttons ( !mselves2 dr9k+1 because "s are drunk>ds2 we>+ clo!s1 because !re is mu* vanity 9 dresses2 m>riage1 because "s m>riages are %amefully conduct$1 etc41 etc4 ,! ,roman ,*ur* does n op]ate on evangelical pr9ciples4 ,does x succe$ bett] 9 cultivat+ true hol9ess among its memb]s by its sy/em ( p5ances & its tea*+ ( ! m]itori\sness ( m5's acts ( piety8 ,ca?olics say to u sne]+ly3 ,x is easy to h fai?2 x is v conv5i5t1 :5 y wi% to indulge1 or h indulg$1 "s passion1 to rememb] t !re is grace = =giv5ess4 ,b is any great difficulty connect$ ) go+ ?r\gh a p5ance t ! prie/ has impos$1 buy+ a wax c&le1 recit+ sixte5 ,pat]no/]s & t5 ,ave ,m>ias1 & !n sitt+ d[n & say+ to y\rself3 ,good boy6 y've done x1 y h squ>$ y\r acc\nt aga9 ) ! ,almighty8 ,:at sanctify+ virtue lies 9 ab/a9+ f beef/eak on ,friday8 ,rome n[h]e has improv$ m5 by h] me*anical piety4 ,:at %e has accompli%$ 0 made possible by ! fe> ( purgatorial torm5ts1 by slavi% dread ( h] my/]i\s p[]s1 by ambition & bigotry4 ,we w\ld n ex*ange our abus$ treasures = h] sy/em ( workmong]y4 ,b ! ,ca?olic *>ge ( t5d5cies to lawlessness t are said to be conta9$ 94 ,lu!r's tea*+ ( fai? )\t works are m s]i\s4 ,lu!r is cit$ by !m z decl>+ t "o may commit innum]able s9s1 & !y w n h>m "o z long z "o keeps on believ+ 9 ! grace ( =giv5ess4 ,x is true1 ,lu!r has spok5 words to ?is effect1 & t1 on q a numb] ( occasions4 ,worse ?an t1 :at ,lu!r has said is actually true4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 no s9 c deprive ! believ] ( salvation4 ,!re is only "o s9 t ultimately damns1 f9al imp5it5ce & unbelief1 by :i* is und]/ood ! rejection ( ! atonem5t :i* ,*ri/ (f]$ = ! s9s ( ! _w4 ,t atonem5t is actually ! full satisfaction r5d]$ to our ,judge = all ! s9s :i* we h done1 are do+1 & w be do+ till ! end ( our lives4 ,= ! p]son t dies a p]fect sa9t1 s9less & impeccable1 is /ill to be born4 ,! com=t t ,i d]ive f my ,r$eem] to-day w be my com=t to-morr[1 t w be my only prop & /ay 9 my dy+ h\r4 ,i %all ne$ ,him e h\r4 ,?is is a p]fectly ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,/4 ,john writes3 ,my little *ildr51 ^! ?+s write ,i unto y t ye s9 n4 ,& if any man s91-- m>k ?is well3 ,if any man s91 ?\gh he ought n to s91--:at does ! apo/le say to him8 ,he does n say3 ,!n y are damn$6 or3 ,x w require s _m fa/s1 masses1 & c&les to re/ore y6 b ?is is :at he says3 ,if any man s91 we h an advocate ) ! ,fa!r1 ,jesus ,*ri/ ! ,righte\s2 & ,he is ! propitiation = our s9s1 & n = ours only1 b also = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w4 7#a ,john #b1 #a4 #b47 ,john1 !n1 mu/ be includ$ 9 ! ,ca?olic indictm5t ( ,lu!r4 ,lu!r w\ld n h be5 a prea*] ( ! g5u9e & full ,gospel if he _h n decl>$ ! impossibility ( any s9 or any numb] ( s9s depriv+ a believ] ( salvation4 ,b if ! ,ca?olics mean to say t ,lu!r's evangelical decl>ation means t no believ] c fall f grace by s9n+1 t he may s9 & rema9 9 a /ate ( grace1--t is simply sl&]4 ,lu!r holds1 inde$1 t a p]son does n cease to be a ,*ri/ian by e slip & fault1 b he insi/s t no d]eliction ( duty1 no deviation f ! rule ( godly liv+ c be treat$ ) indiff]5ce4 ,x mu/ be rep5t$ (1 ,god's =giv5ess mu/ be s\ght1 & only 9 ?is way w ! ,holy ,_s aga9 be be/[$ on ! s9n]4 ,god may be> a:ile ) a ,*ri/ian :o has fall5 into s91 b ! backslid] has no pleasant "t ) 8 ,god :ile he /ays a backslid]4 ,?is be+ a "q ( e-day1 practical ,*ri/ianity1 ,lu!r frequ5tly t\*es ?is subject 9 8 s]mons1 bo? 9 ! ,*ur* ,po/il1 ! ,h\se ,po/il1 & 9 8 occasional s]mons4 ,lu!r's ,ca?olic critics c\ld disabuse _! m9d ab\t ! t5d5cies to lawlessness 9 ,lu!r's tea*+ if !y w\ld look up ref]5ces su* z ^!3 #i1 #gcj4 #adef f42 #aa1 #agij2 #ab1 #ddh4 #dcc2 #ac1 #cid2 #f1 #bid4 #afjd4 ,9 "o ( ^! ref]5ces 7#i1 #adef7 ,lu!r comm5ts on #a ,john #c1 #f3 ,:osoev] abide? 9 ,him s9ne? n2 :osoev] s9ne? ha? n se5 ,him1 nei!r kn[n ,him1 z foll[s3 ',see+' & 'kn[+' 9 ! phraseology ( ,john is z mu* z believ+4 ,t e "o :i* see? ! ,son1 & believe? on ,him1 may h ev]la/+ life' 7,john #f1 #dj74 ',?is is life et]nal1 t !y might "k ,!e ! only true ,god1 & ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om ,?\ ha/ s5t4' ,accord+ly1 he t s9s does n believe 9 ,him2 = fai? & s9 _c coexi/4 ,we may fall1 b we may n cl+ to s94 ,! k+dom ( ,*ri/ is a k+dom ( righte\sness1 n ( s94 ,9 ! ,smalcald ,articles ,lu!r says3 ,b if c]ta9 sect>i/s w\ld arise1 "s ( :om are p]haps already pres5t1 & 9 ! "t ( ! insurrection ( ! peasants came to my view1 hold+ t all ^? :o h once receiv$ ! ,_s or ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 or h become believ]s1 ev5 ?\gh !y w\ld aft]w>ds s91 w\ld /ill rema9 9 ! fai?1 & s9 w\ld n injure !m1 & cry ?us3 ',d :atev] y please2 if y believe1 x is all no?+2 fai? blots out all s9s1' etc4 ,!y say1 besides1 t if any "o s9s aft] he has receiv$ fai? & ! ,_s1 he nev] truly _h ! ,_s & fai?4 ,i h se5 & he>d ( _m m5 s insane1 & ,i fe> t su* a devil is /ill rema9+ 9 "s4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,i say1 su* p]sons w\ld h]eaft] also arise1 x is necess>y to "k & tea* t if sa9ts :o /ill h & feel orig9al s91 & also daily rep5t & /rive ) x1 fall 9 "s way into manife/ s9s1 z ,david into adult]y1 murd]1 & blasphemy1 !y ca/ out fai? & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,= ! ,holy ,gho/ does n p]mit s9 to h dom9ion1 to ga9 ! upp] h& s z to be complet$1 b represses & re/ra9s x s t x mu/ n d :at x wi%es4 ,b if x d :at x wi%es1 ! ,holy ,gho/ & fai? are n !re pres5t4 ,= ,/4 ,john says 7#a4 ,ep4 #c1 #i73 ',:osoev] is born ( ,god do? n commit s91 4 4 4 & he _c s94' ,& yet t is also ! tru? :i* ! same ,/4 ,john says 7#a4 ,ep4 #a1 #h73 ',if we say t we h no s91 we deceive ourselves1 & ! tru? is n 9 u4' 7,"p ,,iii1 ,art4 #c1 #db-de2 p4 #cbi47 ,! ,lu!ran ,*ur* has receiv$ ?is /atem5t ( ,lu!r into h] confessional writ+s4 ,?is is ! ,lu!r ( :om a mod]n ,ca?olic critic says3 ,?is ?\ght ( ! all-=giv+ nature ( fai? s dom9at$ 8 m9d t x exclud$ ! notion ( contrition1 p5ance1 good works1 or ef=t on ! "p ( ! believ]1 & ?us 8 tea*+ de/roy$ root & bran* ! :ole idea ( human culpability & responsibility = ! break+ ( ! ,comm&m5ts4 ,x is amaz+ boldness 9 ,ca?olics to pref] ?is *>ge aga9/ ,lu!r1 :5 !y !mselves tea* a worse doctr9e ?an !y impute to ,lu!r4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 9 its ,six? ,session1 ,canon #ae1 also 9 its ,sixte5? ,session1 ,canon #ae1 ,co/] 9 8 ,en*iridion1 9 ! *apt] on ,fai?1 p4 #agh1 ,bell>m9us on ,ju/ification1 *apt] #ae1 decl>e x to be ,ca?olic tea*+ t ! believ] _c lose 8 fai? by any1 ev5 ! wor/1 s9 he may commit4 ,!y speak ( believ+ =nicators1 believ+ adult]]s1 believ+ ?ieves1 believ+ mis]s1 believ+ drunk>ds1 believ+ sl&]]s1 etc4 ,! v tea*+ :i* ,ca?olics falsely ascribe to ,lu!r is an accept$ dogma ( _! own ,*ur*4 ,_! *>ge aga9/ ,lu!r is1 at be/1 ! trick ( cry+1 ,hold ?ief6 to div]t att5tion f !mselves4 ,b did n ,lu!r 9 ! pla9e/ t]ms advise 8 fri5ds ,well] & ,melan*?on to practise immoralities z a means = ov]com+ _! despond5cy8 ,is he n report$ 9 8 ,table ,talk to h said t look+ at a pretty woman or tak+ a he>ty dr9k w\ld dispel gloomy ?\ghts8 t "o %\ld s9 to spite ! devil8 ,yes2 & n[ t ^! matt]s are p>ad$ 9 public1 x is be/ t ! public be giv5 a complete acc\nt ( :at ,lu!r wrote to ,well] & ,melan*?on4 ,!re are ?ree lett]s extant writt5 to ,well] dur+ ,lu!r's exile at ,ca/le ,coburg :ile ! ,diet ( ,augsburg 0 9 progress4 ,on ,june #ai1 #aecj1 ,lu!r writes3 ,grace & peace 9 ,*ri/6 ,i h receiv$ two lett]s f y1 my de> ,j]ome ?is 0 ,well]'s fir/ "n1 bo? ( :i* truly delight$ me2 ! second1 h[ev]1 0 m ?an delightful because 9 t y write conc]n+ my son ,johnny1 /at+ t y are 8 tea*]1 & t he is an active & dilig5t pupil4 ,if ,i c\ld1 ,i w\ld l to %[ y "s favor 9 return2 ,*ri/ w recomp5se y = :at ,i am too little able to d4 ,magi/] ,veit has1 moreov]1 in=m$ me t y are at times afflict$ ) ! _s ( despond5cy4 ,?is affliction is mo/ h>mful to "y p1 z ,scripture says3 ',a brok5 _s drie? ! bones' 7,prov4 #ag1 #bb74 ,! ,holy ,_s ev]y:]e =bids su* melan*oly1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ,eccles4 #aa41 #i3 ',rejoice1 ,o "y man1 9 ?y y\?1 & let ?y he>t *e] !e 9 ! days ( ?y y\?1' & 9 ! v]se imm$iately foll[+3 ',remove sorr[ f ?y he>t1 & put away evil f ?y fle%4' ,ecclesia/icus1 likewise1 says1 *ap4 #cj1 #bb-be3 ',! gladness ( ! he>t is ! life ( man1 & ! joyfulness ( a man prolonge? 8 days4 ,love ?9e own s\l1 & com=t ?y he>t1 remove sorr[ f> f !2 = sorr[ ha? kill$ _m1 & !re is no pr(it !re94 ,envy & wra? %ort5 ! life1 & c>efulness br+e? age be=e ! "t4 ,a *e]ful & good he>t w h a c>e ( 8 meat & diet4' ,moreov]1 ,paul says #b ,cor4 #g1 #aj3 ',! sorr[ ( ! _w worke? dea?4' ,above all1 !re=e1 y mu/ firmly cl+ to ?is ?\ght1 t ^! evil & melan*oly ?\ghts are n ( ,god1 b ( ! devil2 = ,god is n a ,god ( melan*oly1 b a ,god ( com=t & gladness1 z ,*ri/ ,himself says3 ',god is n ! ,god ( ! dead1 b ( ! liv+' 7,matt4 #bb1 #cb74 ,:at else does liv+ mean ?an to be glad 9 ! ,"l8 ,accord+ly1 become us$ to diff]5t ?\ghts1 9 ord] to drive away ^! evil ?\ghts1 & say3 ,! ,"l has n s5t y4 ,?is *id+ :i* y exp]i5ce is n ( ,him :o has call$ y4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ! /ruggle is griev\s1 b by practise x becomes m easy4 ,y are n ! only "o :o has to endure su* ?\ghts1 all ! sa9ts 7 afflict$ by !m1 b !y f\ght aga9/ !m & conqu]$4 ,!re=e1 d n yield to ^! evils1 b meet !m bravely4 ,! greate/ task 9 ?is /ruggle is n to reg>d ^! ?\ghts1 n to explore !m1 n to pursue ! matt]s sugge/$1 b despise !m l ! hiss+ ( a goose & pass !m by4 ,! p]son t has le>n$ to d ?is w conqu]2 :oev] has n le>n$ x w be conqu]$4 ,= to muse ^u ^! ?\ghts & debate ) !m means to /imulate !m & make !m /rong]4 ,take ! p ( ,israel z an example3 !y ov]came ! s]p5ts1 n by look+ at !m & wre/l+ ) !m1 b by turn+ _! eyes away f !m & look+ 9 a diff]5t direction1 namely1 at ! braz5 s]p5t1 & !y conqu]$4 ,9 ?is /ruggle t is ! "r & sure way ( w9n+ ! victory4 ,a p]son afflict$ ) su* ?\ghts said to a c]ta9 wise man3 ,:at evil ?\ghts come into my m9d6 ,he receiv$ ! answ]3 ,well1 let !m pass out aga94 ,t rem>k taught ! p]son a f9e lesson4 ,ano!r answ]$ ! same "q ?us3 ,y _c keep ! birds f fly+ ov] y\r head1 b y c keep !m f build+ _! ne/s 9 y\r hair4 ,accord+ly1 y w d ! correct ?+ :5 y are m]ry & engage 9 "s pleasant pa/ime ) "s "o1 & n scruple aft]w>ds ov] hav+ done s4 ,= ,god is n pleas$ ) sadness1 = :i* !re is no reason4 ,! sorr[ ov] our s9s is brief & at ! same "t is made pleasant to u by ! promise ( grace & ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,b ! o!r sorr[ is ( ! devil & )\t promise2 x is %e] worry ov] useless & impossible ?+s :i* conc]n ,god4 ,i %all h m to say to y :5 ,i return4 ,mean:ile give my greet+s to y\r bro!r2 ,i began writ+ to him1 b ! mess5g] :o is to take ?is lett] along is 9 a hurry4 ,i %all write to him lat]1 also to ,s*neidewe9 & o!rs4 ,i comm5d y\r pupil to y4 ,may ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ com=t & gladd5 y\r he>t6 ,am54' 7#ba;a1 #adhg ff47 ,! second lett] to ,well] 0 presumably writt5 "s "t 9 ,july4 ,x reads z foll[s3 ,grace & peace 9 ,*ri/4 ,my de>e/ ,j]ome1 y mu/ firmly believe t y\r affliction is ( ! devil1 & t y are plagu$ 9 ?is mann] because y believe 9 ,*ri/4 ,= y see t ! mo/ wra?ful enemies ( ! ,gospel1 z1 = in/ance1 ,eck1 ,zw+li1 & o!rs1 are suff]$ to be at ease & happy4 ,all ( u :o are ,*ri/ians mu/ h ! devil = our adv]s>y & enemy1 z ,pet] says3 ',y\r adv]s>y1 ! devil1 goe? ab\t1' etc41 #a ,pet4 #e1 #h4 ,de>e/ ,j]ome1 y mu/ rejoice ov] ^! onslaughts ( ! devil1 because !y are a sure sign t y h a graci\s & m]ciful ,god4 ,y w say3 ,?is affliction is m griev\s ?an ,i c be>2 y fe> t y w be ov]come & vanqui%$1 s t y are driv5 to blasphemy & despair4 ,i "k ^! tricks ( ,satan3 if he _c ov]come ! p]son :om he afflicts at ! fir/ onset1 he seeks to exhau/ & weak5 him by incessantly attack+ him1 9 ord] t ! p]son may succumb & ackn[l$ge himself beat54 ,accord+ly1 :5ev] ?is affliction befalls y1 bew>e le/ y ent] into an argum5t ) ! devil1 or muse ^u ^! dea?-deal+ ?\ghts4 ,= ?is means no?+ else ?an to yield to ! devil & succumb to him4 ,y mu/ r take pa9s to treat ^! ?\ghts :i* ! devil in/ils 9 y ) ! sev]e/ contempt4 ,9 afflictions & conflicts ( ?is k9d contempt is ! be/ & easie/ way = ov]com+ ! devil4 ,make up y\r m9d to laugh at y\r adv]s>y1 & f9d "s "o :om y c engage 9 a conv]sation4 ,y mu/ by all means avoid be+ alone1 = !n ! devil w make 8 /ronge/ ef=t to cat* y2 he lies 9 wait = y :5 y are alone4 ,9 a case l ?is ! devil is ov]come by scorn+ & despis+ him1 n by oppos+ him & argu+ ) him4 ,my de> ,j]ome1 y mu/ engage 9 m]ry talk & games ) my wife & ! re/1 s z to defeat ^! devili% ?\ghts1 & y mu/ be int5t on be+ *e]ful4 ,?is affliction is m necess>y to y ?an food & dr9k4 ,i %all relate to y :at happ5$ to me :5 ,i 0 ab\t y\r age4 ,:5 ,i ent]$ ! cloi/]1 x happ5$ t at fir/ ,i always walk$ ab\t sad & melan*oly1 & c\ld n %ake (f my sadness4 ,accord+ly1 ,i s\ght c\nsel & confess$ to ,dr4 ,/aupitz1 --,i am glad to m5tion ?is man's "n4 ,i op5$ my he>t to him1 tell+ him ) :at horrid & t]rible ?\ghts ,i 0 be+ visit$4 ,he said 9 reply3 ,m>t91 y d n "k h[ useful & necess>y ?is affliction is to y2 = ,god does n ex]cise y ?us )\t a purpose4 ,y w see t ,he w employ y z ,8 s]vant to accompli% great ?+s by y4 ,?is came true4 ,= ,i became a great doctor--,i may ju/ly say ?is ( myself--2 b at ! "t :5 ,i 0 suff]+ ^! afflictions ,i w\ld nev] h believ$ t ?is c\ld come to pass4 ,no d\bt1 t is :at is go+ to happ5 to y3 y w become a great man4 ,9 ! mean "t be c>eful to keep a brave & /\t he>t1 & impress on y\r m9d ?is ?\ght t su* rem>ks :i* fall f ! lips *iefly ( le>n$ & great m5 conta9 a pr$iction & prophecy4 ,i rememb] well h[ a c]ta9 p>ty :om ,i 0 com=t+ = ! loss ( 8 son said to me3 ,m>t91 y w see1 y w become a great man4 ,i (t5 rememb]$ ?is rem>k1 =1 z ,i said1 su* rem>ks conta9 a pr$iction & a prophecy4 ,!re=e1 be *e]ful & brave1 & ca/ ^! exce$+ly t]rify+ ?\ghts entirely f y4 ,:5ev] ! devil worries y ) ^! ?\ghts1 seek ! company ( m5 at once1 or dr9k some:at m lib]ally1 je/ & play "s jolly prank1 or d any?+ exhil>at+4 ,occasionally a p]son mu/ dr9k some:at m lib]ally1 engage 9 plays1 & je/s1 or ev5 commit "s little s9 f hatr$ & contempt ( ! devil1 s z to leave him no room = rais+ scruples 9 our consci5ce ab\t ! mo/ trifl+ matt]s4 ,= :5 we are ov]anxi\s & c>eful = fe> t we may be do+ wrong 9 any matt]1 we %all be conqu]$4 ,accord+ly1 if ! devil %\ld say to y3 ,by all means1 d n dr9k6 y mu/ tell him3 ,j because y =bid x1 ,i %all dr9k1 & t1 lib]ally4 ,9 ?is mann] y mu/ always d ! contr>y ( :at ,satan =bids4 ,:5 ,i dr9k my w9e unmix$1 prattle ) ! greate/ unconc]n1 eat m frequ5tly1 d y ?9k t ,i h any o!r reason = do+ ^! ?+s ?an to scorn & spite ! devil :o has attempt$ to spite & scorn me8 ,w\ld ,god ,i c\ld commit "s real brave s9 to ridicule ! devil1 t he might see t ,i ackn[l$ge no s9 & am n consci\s ( hav+ committ$ any4 ,we mu/ put ! :ole law entirely out ( our eyes & he>ts1--we1 ,i say1 :om ! devil ?us assails & torm5ts4 ,:5ev] ! devil *>ges u ) our s9s & pron\nces u guilty ( dea? & hell1 we ought to say to him3 ,i admit t ,i des]ve dea? & hell2 :at1 !n1 w happ5 to me8 ,:y1 y w be et]nally damn$6 ,by no means2 = ,i "k ,"o :o has suff]$ & made satisfaction = me4 ,8 "n is ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,:]e ,he abides1 !re w ,i also abide4 7#ba;a1 #aecb ff47 ,! ?ird lett] to ,well] is dat$ ,augu/ #ae?4 ,x reads z foll[s3 ,grace & peace 9 ,*ri/4 ,i h =gott51 my de> ,j]ome1 :at ,i wrote y 9 my =m] lett] conc]n+ ! _s ( melan*oly1 & ,i may n[ be writ+ y ! same ?+s & h>p+ on ! same /r+4 ,nev]!less1 ,i %all repeat :at ,i said1 because we all %>e ea* o!r's afflictions1 & z ,i am suff]+ 9 y\r behalf1 s y1 no d\bt1 are suff]+ 9 m9e4 ,x is "o & ! same adv]s>y t hates & p]secutes e individual bro!r ( ,*ri/4 ,moreov]1 we are "o body1 & 9 ?is body "o memb] suff]s = e o!r memb]1 & t1 = ! sole reason t we wor%ip ,*ri/4 ,?us x happ5s t "o is =c$ to be> ! o!r's burd54 ,see1 !n1 t y le>n to despise y\r adv]s>y4 ,= y h n suffici5tly le>n$ to und]/& ?is _s1 :o is an enemy to spiritual gladness4 ,y may re/ assur$ t y are n ! only "o :o be>s ?is cross & are n suff]+ alone4 ,we are all be>+ x ) y & are suff]+ ) y4 ,god1 :o comm&$3 ',?\ %alt n kill1' c]ta9ly decl>es by ?is comm&m5t t ,he is oppos$ to ^! melan*oly & dea?-br++ ?\ghts1 & t ,he1 on ! contr>y1 w\ld h u *]i% lively & exce$+ly *e]ful ?\ghts4 ,s ! ,psalmi/ decl>es1 say+3 ',9 ,8 favor is life1' ,ps4 #cj1 #e ,lu!r und]/&s ?is to mean3 ,he favors life & 9 ,ezekiel ,god says3 ',i h no pleasure 9 ! dea? ( ! wick$1 b t ! wick$ turn f 8 way & live' 7*ap4 #cc1 #aa74 ,on ! o!r h&1 etc4 ,n[1 !n1 s9ce x is c]ta9 t su* melan*oly is displeas+ to ,god1 we h ?is reliable com=t t if ?is demon _c be entirely remov$ f u1 div9e /r5g? w be suppli$ to u1 s t we may n feel ! affliction s mu*4 ,i "k t x is n 9 our p[] to remove ^! ?\ghts at our option1 b ,i also "k t !y %all n ga9 ! upp] h&2 = we are told3 ',he %all n suff] ! righte\s to be mov$1' if we only le>n to ca/ our burd5 ^u ,him4 ,! ,"l ,jesus1 ! mighty ,w>rior & unconqu]able ,victor1 w be y\r aid4 ,am54 7#ba;a1 #aedc f47 ,^! ?ree lett]s con/itute ! :ole evid5ce = ! ,ca?olic *>ge aga9/ ,lu!r t he (f]$ advice to ,well] t is immoral & demoraliz+4 ,! indictm5t culm9ates 9 ^! ?ree di/9ct po9ts3 ,lu!r advises ,well] #a4 to dr9k freely & be frivol\s2 #b4 to commit s9 to spite ! devil2 #c4 to h no reg>d = ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4 ,s9ce we %all take up ! la/ po9t 9 a sep>ate *apt]1 we limit our rem>ks to ! fir/ two po9ts4 ,:5 ,lu!r advises ,well] to dr9k some:at m lib]ally1 t does n mean t ,lu!r advises ,well] to get drunk4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is exactly :at ,lu!r is made to say by 8 ,ca?olic critics4 ,!y make no ef=t to und]/& ! situation z x confront$ ,lu!r1 b p\nce ^u a rem>k t c easily be und]/ood to convey an (f5sive mean+4 ,nei!r does :at ,lu!r says ab\t 8 own dr9k+ mean t he ev] got drunk4 ,we h spok5 ( ?is matt] 9 a previ\s *apt]1 & d n wi% to repeat4 ,lu!r's rem>ks ab\t je/+1 m]ry plays1 & jolly pranks 9 :i* he w\ld h ,well] engage are likewise vitiat$ by ! ,ca?olic ins9uation t he advises indec5t frivolities1 yea1 immoralities4 ,:y1 all ! m]rim5t :i* he urges ^u ,well] is to take place 9 ,lu!r's home & family circle1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,lu!r's wife & *ildr51 9 ! pres5ce ( ,well]'s little pupil ,hans1 :o at t "t 0 ab\t f\r ye>s old4 ,! fri5ds ( ! family memb]s ( ! ,faculty at ! ,univ]sity1 m9i/]s1 /ud5ts :o ei!r /ay$ at ,lu!r's home1 l ,well]1 or frequ5tly visit$ !re1 are also includ$ 9 ?is circle ^: company ,well] is urg$ to seek4 ,imag9e a "y man com+ into ?is circle drunk1 or half drunk1 & disport+ himself hil>i\sly be=e ! company6 ,we believe t n ev5 all ,ca?olics c be made to believe ! ins9uations ( _! writ]s aga9/ ,lu!r :5 all ! facts 9 ! case are pres5t$ to !m4 ,let u1 moreov]1 rem9d ourselves once m t1 to measure ! social proprieties ( ! sixte5? c5tury by mod]n /&>ds1 is unfair4 ,a degree ( culture 9 reg>d to mann]s & spee* c be rea*$ by v ref9$ p t gr[s away f naturalness4 ,! old ,lat9 say+3 ,naturalia non sunt turpia 7,we ne$ n feel a%am$ ( our natural acts71 w nev] lose its =ce4 ,!re are expressions 9 ,lu!r's writ+s--& 9 ! ,bible--t n[adays are consid]$ un*a/e1 b are 9 !mselves *a/e & pure4 ,ev5 ! extreme/ naturalness t speaks ) brutal frankness ab\t c]ta9 matt]s is a bett] crit]ion ( moral purity ?an ! sup]s5sitive prudi%ness t squirms & blu%es1 or pret5ds to blu%1 at ! remote/ ref]5ce to su* matt]s4 ,x all dep5ds on ! ?\ghts :i* ! he>t connects ) ! words :i* ! m\? utt]s4 ,?is applies also to ! mann] 9 :i* =m] c5turies h spok5 ab\t dr9k+4 ,we sometimes beg9 to move uneasily1 z if some?+ ,pecksniffian _h come into our pres5ce1 :5 we behold ! tw5tie? c5tury sitt+ 9 judgm5t on ! mann]s & morals ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 ,lu!r's rem>ks ab\t s9n+ to spite ! devil we h always he>d an e*o f 8 life at ! cloi/]4 ,"o's judgm5t ab\t ! mona/ic life is some:at mitigat$ :5 "o he>s h[ ,dr4 ,/aupitz & ! bre?r5 9 ! conv5t at ,erfurt w\ld occasionally speak to ,lu!r ab\t ! latt]'s s9s4 ,/aupitz call$ !m ,pupp5su5d54 ,x is n easy to r5d] ?is t]m by a %ort & apt ,engli% t]m2 peccadillo w\ld come ne> ! mean+4 ,a *ild play+ ) a doll w treat x z if x 7 a human be+1 w dress x1 talk to x1 & pret5d to receive answ]s f x1 etc4 ,t is ! way1 good ,ca?olics 7 tell+ ,lu!r1 he 0 treat+ 8 s9s4 ,8 s9s 7 no real s9s1 or he _h magnifi$ _! s9fulness out ( all proportion4 ,?is same advice ,lu!r h&s on to ano!r :o 0 becom+ a hypo*ondriac z he _h be54 ,:5 ! m9d is 9 a morbid /ate x imag9es faults1 errors1 s9s1 :]e !re are none4 ,! melan*oly p]son 9 8 self-scrut9y becomes an intol]ant tyrant to himself4 ,he w flay 8 poor s\l = trifles z if !y 7 ! blacke/ crimes3 ,9 su* mom5ts ! devil is v busy ab\t ! victim ( gloom & despair4 ,lu!r has diagnos$ ! case ( ,well] ) ! skill ( a n]v\s speciali/4 ,he c\nsels ,well] n to judge himself accord+ to ! devil's prompt+1 &1 9 ord] to break ,satan's ?rall ov] him1 to wr5* himself free f 8 false notions ( :at is s9ful4 ,9 (f]+ ?is advice1 ,lu!r uses su* expressions z3 ,s91 commit s91 b ! :ole context %[s t he advises ,well] to d t :i* is 9 itself n s9ful1 b looks l s9 to ,well] 9 8 pres5t condition4 ,:5 ,lu!r decl>es he w\ld l to commit a real brave s9 himself z a taunt to ! devil1 he adds3 ,w\ld t ,i c\ld6 ,t means1 t1 z a matt] ( fact1 he c\ld n d x & did n d x1 because x 0 wrong4 ,:at bold immoral act did ,well] commit 9 consequ5ce ( ,lu!r's advice8 ,:at immoralities are !re 9 ,lu!r's own life8 ,lu!r's lett]s did n convey ! mean+ to 8 morbid "y fri5d t ,ca?olic writ]s ?9k & claim !y did4 ,lu!r's advice to ,melan*?on :i* is s revolt+ to ,ca?olics t !y h made x ! slogan 9 _! campaign aga9/ ,lu!r ref]s to a /ate ( affairs t is id5tical ) :at we not$ 9 our review ( ! correspond5ce ) ,well]4 ,x is conta9$ 9 a lett] :i* ,lu!r wrote ,augu/ #a1 #aeba1 :ile he 0 an exile 9 ! ,w>tburg4 ,he says to 8 despond5t fri5d & colleague at ! ,univ]sity ( ,witt5b]g3 ,if y are a prea*] ( grace1 d n prea* a fictiti\s1 b ! true grace4 ,if grace is ( ! true sort1 y w also h to be> true1 n fictiti\s1 s9s4 ,god does n save ^? :o only ackn[l$ge !mselves s9n]s 9 a feign$ mann]4 ,be a s9n]1 !n1 & s9 bravely1 b believe m bravely /ill & rejoice 9 ,*ri/1 :o is ! ,victor ov] s91 dea?1 & ! _w4 ,we mu/ s9 z long z we are 9 ?is _w2 ! pres5t life is n an abode ( righte\sness2 h[ev]1 we look = new heav5s & a new e>? :]e9 dwelle? righte\sness1 says ,pet] 7#b4 ,ep4 #c1 #ac74 ,we are satisfi$1 by ! ri*ness ( ,god's glory1 to h come to ! k ( ! ,lamb t take? away ! s9s ( ! _w4 ,no s9 %all wre/ u f ,him1 7 we ev5 9 "o day to commit =nication & manslaught] a ?\s& times4 ,d y ?9k ! price paltry & ! paym5t small t has be5 made = u by ?is great ,lamb8 7#ae1 #behi47 ,be a s9n]1 & s9 bravely1 b believe m bravely /ill--?is is ! *ef d'oeuvre ( ! muck-rak]s 9 ,lu!r's life4 ,! read] has ! entire passage :i* conta9s ! outrage\s /atem5t ( ,lu!r be=e him1 & w be able to judge ! connection 9 :i* ! words occur4 ,:at caus$ ,lu!r to write ^? words8 ,did ,melan*?on contemplate "s crime :i* he 0 too timid to p]petrate8 ,accord+ to ! horrifi$ expressions ( ,ca?olics t mu/ h be5 ! situation4 ,lu!r1 9 _! view1 says to ,melan*?on3 ,philip1 y are a simpleton4 ,:y scruple ab\t a s98 ,y are /ill conf9$ 9 ! trammels ( v n>r[-m9d$ moral views4 ,y mu/ get rid ( !m4 ,h ! c\rage to be wick$1 ,make a h]o ( y\rself by execut+ "s bold piece ( iniquity4 ,be an ,ueb]m5s*4 ,s9 ) braz5 unconc]n2 be a =nicator1 a murd]]1 a li>1 a ?ief1 defy e moral /atute1 --only d n =get to believe 9 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,8 grace is int5d$1 n = hesitat+1 crav5 s9n]s1 b = audaci\s1 spirit$1 high-m9d$ crim9als4 ,?is1 we are ask$ to believe1 is ! s5tim5t ( ! same ,lu!r :o 9 8 correspond5ce ) ,well] decl>es t he c\ld n if he w\ld commit a brave s9 to spite ! devil4 ,c ! read] induce himself to believe t ,lu!r advis$ ,melan*?on to d :at he himself knew 0 a moral impossibility to himself because ( 8 relation to ,god8 ,& aga9 we put ! "q :i* we put 9 connection ) ! ,well] lett]s3 ,:at brave s9 did ,melan*?on actually commit ^u be+ ?us advis$ by ,lu!r8 ,"o glance at ! context1 a calm reflection ^u ! t5or ( ?is entire passage 9 ! lett] to ,melan*?on1 suffices to conv9ce e unbias$ read] t ,lu!r is conc]n$ ab\t ,melan*?on z he 0 ab\t ,well]3 he fe>s 8 "y colleague is becom+ a prey to morbid self-incrim9ation4 ,x is aga9 a case ( ,pupp5su5d5 be+ exp&$ till !y seem e?ical mon/rosities4 ,b1 z ! op5+ words ( ! p>agraph %[1 ,lu!r _h ano!r purpose 9 writ+ to ,melan*?on z he did4 ,melan*?on 0 a public prea*] & exp\nd] ( ! doctr9e ( evangelical grace4 ,he mu/ n prea* t doctr9e m9c+ly1 halt+ly4 ,is t possible8 ,inde$1 x is4 ,j z !re are prea*]s afraid to prea* ! div9e ,law & to tell m5 t !y are "u ! curse ( ,god & m]it damnation1 s !re are prea*]s afraid1 actually afraid1 to prea* ! full ,gospel1 )\t any limit+ clauses & provisos4 ,j z !re are tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity :o promptly put on ! s(t p$al :5 !y rea* ! critical po9t 9 _! public deliv]ances :]e !y mu/ reprove s91 & :o hate int5sive prea*+ ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 s !re are evangelical tea*]s :o dole out ,gospel grace 9 dribbles & homeopa?ic doses1 z if x 7 ! mo/ virul5t poison1 ( :i* ! s9n] mu/ n be giv5 too mu*4 ,lu!r tells ,melan*?on3 ,if y are afraid to draw e /op 9 ! organ :5 y play ! tune ( ,love ,div9e1 ,all ,love ,excell+1 y _h bett] quit ! organ4 ,!re are "s s9n]s 9 ?is _w t w n und]/& y\r fa9t evangelical :isp]s2 !y ne$ to h ! tru? t ,*ri/ =gives _! s9s1 all _! s9s1--_! wor/ s9s1 bl[n into !m ) all ! trumpets t made ! walls ( ,j]i*o fall4 ,if ,melan*?on did n require a /rong fai? 9 ! =giv+ grace ( ,god = himself1 he ne$$ x z a tea*] ( t grace to o!rs2 he mu/1 !re=e1 famili>ize himself ) ! imm5sity & p[] ( t grace4 ,9 conclusion1 x %\ld be not$ t ! ,ca?olic writ]s :o express _! extreme disgu/ at ! immoral pr9ciples ( ,lu!r belong to a ,*ur* ^: !ologians h made v que/ionable di/9ctions betwe5 v5ial s9s & o!rs4 ,papal disp5sations & decisions ( ,ca?olic casui/s1 especially 9 ! ord] ( ! ,jesuits1 h />tl$ ! _w by _! moral p]v]s5ess4 ,yea1 ! v pr9ciples ( probabilism & m5tal res]vation :i* ! ,jesuits h esp\s$ are antie?ical4 ,9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple la/ nam$1 :5 important int]e/s are at /ake1 a negative or modify+ clause may rema9 unutt]$ :i* w\ld completely rev]se ! /atem5t actually made4 ,?is pr9ciple ju/ifi$ unlimit$ ly+ :5 "o's int]e/ or conv5i5ce seem$ to require x4 ,:]e ! same ^w or phrase has m ?an "o s5se1 x may be employ$ 9 an unusual s5se ) ! expectation t x w be und]/ood 9 ! usual4 ,?is is call$ amphibology by !m4 ,su* evasions may be us$ "u oa? 9 a civil c\rt4 ,equally de/ructive ( good morals 0 ! tea*+ ( _m ,jesuit casui/s t moral obligation may be evad$ by direct+ ! int5tion :5 committ+ an immoral act to an end wor?y 9 itself2 z 9 murd]1 to ! v9dication ( "o's honor2 9 !ft1 to ! supply+ ( "o's ne$s or ^? ( ! poor2 9 =nication or adult]y1 to ! ma9t5ance ( "o's heal? or com=t4 ,no?+ did m to br+ ^u ! society ! fe> & di/ru/ ( ! nations & ( individuals ?an ! ju/ification & recomm5dation by sev]al ( _! writ]s ( ! assass9ation ( tyrants1 ! t]m 'tyrant' be+ made to include all p]sons 9 au?ority :o oppose ! "w ( ! papal *ur* or ord]4 ,! "q has be5 mu* discuss$1 ,jesuits always tak+ ! negative side1 :e!r ! ,jesuits h taught t '! end ju/ifies ! means4' ,x may n be possible to f9d ?is maxim 9 ^! precise words 9 ,jesuit writ+s2 b t !y h always taught t = ! 'great] glory ( ,god1' id5tifi$ by !m ) ! ext5sion ( ,roman ,ca?olic 7,jesuit7 influ5ce1 ! pr9ciples ( ord9>y morality may be set aside1 seems c]ta94 ,! doctr9e ( philosophical s91 9 accordance ) :i* actual att5tion to ! s9fulness ( an act :5 x is be+ committ$ is requisite to its s9fulness = ! p]son committ+ x1 0 widely advocat$ by memb]s ( ! society4 ,! repudiation ( "s ( ! mo/ sc&al\s maxims ( ,jesuit writ]s by lat] writ]s1 or ! plac+ ( books conta9+ sc&al\s maxims on ! ,index1 does n relieve ! society or ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* f responsibility1 z su* books mu/ h receiv$ au?oritative approval be=e publication1 & ! c5sur+ ( !m does n necess>ily involve an adv]se attitude t[>d ! tea*+ itself1 b way be a m measure ( exp$i5cy4 7,a4 ,h4 ,newman1 9 ,new ,s*aff-,h]zog ,encycl41 #f1 #adf47 #ah4 ,lu!r1 ,repudiates ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts8 ,9 ,lu!r's correspond5ce ) ,well] !re occurs a rem>k to ! effect t ,well] mu/ put ! ,decalog out ( 8 m9d4 ,simil> /atem5ts occur 9 great numb] ?r\gh\t ,lu!r's writ+s4 ,9 "s ( ^! /atem5ts ,lu!r speaks 9 t]ms ( deep scorn & contempt ( ! ,law1 & consid]s x ! greate/ affront t c be (f]$ ,*ri/ians to place !m "u ! ,law ( ,moses4 ,he decl>es t ,moses mu/ be reg>d$ by ,*ri/ians z if he 7 a h]etic1 excommunicat$ by ! ,*ur*1 & assigns him to ! gall[s4 ,"s ( ! /ronge/ invectives ( ?is k9d are f\nd 9 8 exposition ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians4 ,^! /]n utt]ances ( ,lu!r aga9/ ! ,law s]ve ! ,ca?olics z ! basis = _! *>ge t ,lu!r is ! mo/ de/ructive _s t has aris5 )9 ! ,*ur*4 ,he is said to h de/roy$ ! only p]fect norm ( "r & wrong by 8 viol5t onslaughts on ,moses4 ,once ! comm&m5ts ( ,god are abrogat$1 ! feel+ ( duty & responsibility1 !y argue1 is pluck$ f ! he>ts ( m51 & lic5se & vice ru% 9 ^u ! _w ) ! =ce ( a spr+tide4 ,! read] w rememb] :at has be5 said 9 a previ\s *apt] ab\t ,lu!r's labors to exp\nd & apply ! div9e ,law1 also ab\t ! intimate & lov+ relation :i* he ma9ta9$ to ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts to ! end ( 8 life4 ,lu!r has spok5 ( ,moses z a tea*] ( true hol9ess 9 t]ms ( unb\nd$ admiration & praise4 ,ho decl>es ! writ+s ( ,moses ! pr9cipal "p ( our ,bible1 because all ! prophets & apo/les h drawn _! tea*+ f ,moses & h exp&$ ! tea*+ ( ,moses4 ,*ri/ ,himself has appeal$ to ,moses z an au?ority 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,! greate/ di/9ction ( ,moses 9 ,lu!r's view is t he has prophesi$ conc]n+ ,*ri/1 & by reveal+ ! p's s9 ?r\gh ! tea*+ ( ! ,law has made !m see & feel ! necessity ( a r$emption ?r\gh ! ,m$iator4 ,h[ev]1 also ! laws ( ,moses are exce$+ly f9e1 ,lu!r ?9ks4 ,! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts are ess5tially ! natural moral law implant$ 9 ! he>ts ( man4 ,b also 8 =5sic laws1 8 civil /atutes1 8 ecclesia/ical ord9ances1 8 regulations reg>d+ ! hygi5e1 & ! public ord] t mu/ be ma9ta9$ 9 a great commonweal?1 are wise & salut>y4 ,! ,ca?olics are =c$ to admit t alongside ( ! op5 contempt :i* ,lu!r occasionally voices = ,moses & ! ,mosaic righte\sness inculcat$ by ! ,law !re runs a cordial e/eem ( ! great prophet4 ,lu!r reg>ds ! ,law ( ,moses z div9e2 x is to him j z mu* ! ,^w ( ,god z any o!r portion ( ! ,scriptures4 ,to save _! faces 9 a debate !y mu/ conc$e ?is po9t1 b !y *>ge ,lu!r ) be+ a mo/ disord]ly reason]1 driv5 ab\t 9 8 public utt]ances by mom5t>y impulses3 ,he w set up a rule to-day :i* he knocks d[n to-morr[4 ,he w cite ! same ,pr9ciple = or aga9/ a matt]4 ,he is s erratic t he c be adduc$ z au?ority by bo? sides to a controv]sy4 ,! ,ca?olic may succe$ ) c]ta9 p 9 gett+ rid ( ,lu!r on ! claim t 8 is a confus$ m9d1 & t 9 weighty affairs he adopts ! policy ( ! opportuni/4 ,mo/ m5 w dem& a bett] explanation ( ! seem+ self-contradiction 9 ,lu!r's attitude t[>d ! div9e ,law4 ,!re is only "o connection 9 :i* ,lu!r speaks disp>ag+ly ( ! ,law1 & we %all %[ t :at he says is no real disp>agem5t1 b ! correct ,scriptural valuation ( ! ,law4 ,lu!r holds t ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts d n save any p]son nor contribute ! lea/ "p to 8 salvation4 ,!y mu/ be entirely left out ( acc\nt :5 su* que/ions are to be answ]$ z ^!3 ,h[ d ,i obta9 a graci\s ,god8 ,h[ is my s9 to be =giv58 ,h[ d ,i obta9 a good consci5ce8 ,h[ c ,i come to ,i live righte\sly8 ,h[ c ,i hope to die calmly1 9 ! confid5ce t ,i am go+ to heav58 ,on su* occasions ,lu!r says3 ,turn y\r eyes away f ,moses & 8 ,law2 he _c help y2 y apply at ! wrong (fice :5 y come to him = re/ = y\r s\l "h & h]eaft]4 ,he gives y no com=t1 & he _c1 because x is n 8 function to d s4 ,x is ,ano!r's bus9ess to d t4 ,him y grossly di%onor & traduce :5 y refuse to come to ,him = :at ,he alone c give1 & :5 y g to "s "o :o does n give y :at y ne$1 ?\gh y pret5d t y get x f ?is o!r4 ,a prop] relation to ,god is e/abli%$ = u only by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he is ! exclusive ,m$iator appo9t$ by ,god = ,8 deal+ ) man & = man 9 8 deal+s ) ,god4 ,!re is salvation 9 none o!r2 nor c our hope ( heav5 be plac$ on any o!r f\ndation ?an t :i* ,god laid :5 ,he appo9t$ ,*ri/ our ,r$eem] 7,acts #d1 #ab2 #a ,cor4 #c1 #aa74 ,?is is ,bible-doctr9e4 ,! ,law 0 giv5 by ,moses1 b grace & tru? came by ,jesus ,*ri/1 says ,john 7*ap4 #a1 #ag74 ,"h ! two fundam5tal tea*+s ( ! ,scriptures are /rictly set ap>t ! "o f ! o!r4 ,!y h mu* 9 common3 !y h ! same holy ,au?or1 ,god2 _! cont5ts are holy2 !y s]ve holy ends4 ,b !y are diff]5tly relat$ to s9ful man3 ! ,law tells man :at he mu/ d1 ! ,gospel1 :at ,*ri/ has done = him2 ! ,law issues dem&s1 ! ,gospel1 gratuit\s (f]s2 ! ,law holds out rew>ds = m]its or sev]e p5alties1 ! ,gospel1 free & uncondition$ gifts2 ! ,law t]rifies1 ! ,gospel *e]s ! s9n]2 ! ,law turns ! s9n] aga9/ ,god by prov+ to him 8 incapacity to practise x1 ! ,gospel draws ! s9n] to ,god & makes him a will+ s]vant ( ,god4 ,paul dem&s ( ! ,*ri/ian m9i/] t he rightly divide ! ,^w ( ,tru? 7#b ,tim4 #b1 #ae74 ,to prea* ! ,bible-doctr9e ( salvation aright & ) salut>y effect1 ! ,law & ! ,gospel mu/ be kept ap>t z f> z ,ea/ is f ! ,we/4 ,! ,law is tru?1 b1 x is n ! tru? t saves1 because x kn[s ( no grace = ! break]s ( ! ,law4 ,! ,gospel tea*es hol9ess & righte\sness1 h[ev]1 n su* z ! s9n] a*ieves by 8 own ef=t1 b su* z has be5 a*iev$ = ! s9n] by 8 ,sub/itute1 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! ,gospel is n = m5 :o imag9e t !y c d ! comm&m5ts ( ,god2 ,jesus ,*ri/ says3 ,i came n to call ! righte\s1 b s9n]s1 to rep5tance 7,matt4 #i1 #ac74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,law is n = s9n]s :o "k !mselves sav$4 ,! ,law is n made = a righte\s man 7#a ,tim4 #a1 #i74 ,*ri/ians employ ! ,law = ! regulation ( _! lives1 z a patt]n & index ( holy works :i* are pleas+ to ,god & z a det]r5t f evil works1 b !y d n seek _! salvation1 nei!r :olly nor 9 "p1 9 ! ,law1 nor d !y look to ! ,law = /r5g? to d ! w ( ,god4 ,moreov] ,*ri/ians1 :ile !y are /ill 9 ! fle%1 apply ! ,law to ! old ,adam 9 !mselves2 !y bruise ! fle% ) its deceitful lu/s ) ! sc\rge ( ,moses1 & ?us !y are 9 a s5se "u ! ,law1 & c nev] be )\t ! ,law :ile !y live4 ,b 9 ano!r s5se !y are n "u ! ,law3 all _! life is det]m9$ by div9e grace2 _! fai?1 _! hope1 _! *>ity1 is entirely f ! ,gospel1 & ! new man 9 !m ackn[l$ges no ma/] except ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is all 9 all to !m 7,eph4 #a1 #bc74 ,:5 ,lu!r direct$ m5 = _! salvation away f ! ,law1 he did :at ,*ri/ ,himself _h done :5 ,he call$ to ! multitudes3 ,come unto ,me1 all ye t labor & are heavy-lad51 & ,i w give y re/ 7,matt4 #aa1 #bh74 ,! p to :om ^! words 7 address$ _h ! ,law ( ,moses & we>i$ !mselves ) its fulfilm5t1 su* z x 0 "u ! direction ( tea*]s & guides :o _h mis9t]pret$ & 7 misapply+ t ,law cont9ually4 ,ev5 9 t false view ( ! ,law :i* !y _h be5 taught1 & :i* did n at all exhau/ its mean+1 !re 0 no ease ( consci5ce1 no assurance ( div9e favor1 no re/ = _! s\ls4 ,*ri/ ) ,8 graci\s summons told !m1 9 effect3 ,y mu/ =get ! ,law & ! ord9ances ( y\r eld]s & y\r mis]able works ( legal s]vice4 ,y mu/ turn y\r back ^u ,moses4 ,9 ,me1 only 9 ,me1 is y\r help4 ,moses himself nev] conceiv$ 8 mission to be :at ! ,ca?olics decl>e x to be by _! doctr9e ( salvation by fai? plus works4 ,moses direct$ 8 p to ! great] ,prophet :o 0 to come 9 ! future1 & told !m3 ,unto ,him %all ye he>k5 7,deut4 #ah1 #ae74 ,jesus 0 po9t$ out to ! _w z t ,prophet ( :om ,moses _h spok51 :5 ! ,fa!r at ! baptism & ! transfiguration ( ,*ri/ repeat$ f heav5 ! w>n+ cry ( ,israel's greate/ tea*] "u ! old disp5sation 7,matt4 #c1 #ag2 #ag1 #e74 ,b 0 x necess>y1 9 speak+ ( ! inability ( ! ,law to save m51 to use su* /rong & contemptu\s t]ms z ,lu!r has us$8 ,yes4 ,! ,ca?olics d n se5 to "k 9 :at /rong t]ms ! ,bible has reject$ ! ,law z a means ( salvation4 ,paul d5\nces ! ,galatians aga9 & aga9 z fooli%1 bewit*$1 & ba/>ds ( a bondwoman1 because !y ?9k !y w be sav$ by _! works done accord+ to ! ,law 7*ap4 #c1 #a4 #c2 #d1 #ba ff474 ,he calls !m godless infidels1 slaves1 silly *ildr5 /ill 9 _! nonage1 because !y imag9e t !y become acceptable to ,god by _! own righte\sness 7*ap4 #d1 #i2 #c1 #bc ff474 ,yea1 he reprobates _! legal s]vice :5 he says3 ,z _m z are ( ! works ( ! ,law are "u ! curse 7*ap4 #c1 #aj74 ,h[ contemptu\s does x n s\nd to he> him call ! legal ord9ances :i* ! ,galatians 7 obs]v+ begg>ly elem5ts 7*ap4 #d1 #i71 & ! law a s*oolma/] 7*ap4 #c1 #bd71 t is1 a tutor fit only = little abec$>ians :o _c be treat$ z full-gr[n p]sons t are able to make a "r use ( _! privileges z *ildr5 & heirs ( ,god4 ,:y d n ! ,ca?olics turn up _! nose at ,paul1 z !y d at ,lu!r1 :5 ,paul calls all 8 legal righte\sness dung 7,phil4 #b1 #h71 or :5 he speaks slight+ly ( ! obs]vance on :i* ! ,colossians prid$ !mselves z rudim5ts ( ! _w 7,col4 #b1 #bj78 ,:y does he call ! ,law ! h&writ+ ( ord9ances t has be5 blott$ out 7,col4 #b1 #ad7 b to decl>e to ! ,colossians t !y are to fe> ! ,law z little z a debtor fe>s a cancel$ note t _h be5 drawn aga9/ him8 ,:at 0 x t ,paul rebuk$ ,pet] = :5 he told him t he 0 build+ aga9 ! ?+s :i* !y bo? _h de/roy$ 7,gal4 #b1 #ah78 ,m>k y1 he says1 de/roy$4 ,:y1 x 0 ?is v ?+ = :i* ,lu!r is fault$ by ,rome1 ! ,law z an in/rum5t = obta9+ righte\sness be=e ,god4 ,c\ld a p]son r5\nce ! ,law 9 m det]m9$1 "o might almo/ say1 ru?less fa%ion1 ?an by say+3 ,i am dead to ! ,law1 t ,i might live unto ,god8 ,paul is ! p]son :o ?us speaks ( ! ,law 7,gal4 #b1 #ai74 ,! ,ca?olics h aga9 tak5 hold ( ! wrong man :5 !y assail ,lu!r = repudiat+ ! ,law ( ,god2 !y mu/ />t high] up2 !y w f9d ! real culprit :om !y are try+ to prosecute among ! holy apo/les4 ,yea1 ev5 ! apo/les w decl9e ! honor ( be+ ! orig9al crim9als1 !y w pass ! *>ges pref]r$ aga9/ !m high] up /ill2 = :at contemptu\s t]ms 7 us$ by !m 9 speak+ ( ! ,law 7 inspir$ t]ms :i* !y receiv$ f ,god ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,t contempt = ! ,law :i* ,lu!r voices "u v p>ticul> circum/ances ,lu!r has le>n$ f 8 ,bible & "u ! guidance ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,t contempt is a m>k ( e evangelical prea*] to-day4 ,if m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel to-day d n d5\nce ! ,law :5 falsely appli$1 !y betray a sacr$ tru/ & become traitors to ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur*4 ,= e "o :o tea*es m5 to seek _! salvation 9 any mann] & to any degree 9 _! own works s]ves n ,*ri/1 b ,anti*ri/4 ,?is is su* a fe>ful calamity t no t]ms %\ld be reg>d$ z too sca?+ 9 :i* to rebuke legali/ic t5d5cies4 ,^! t5d5cies are ! bane & blight ( ,*ri/ianity2 if !y are n root$ out1 ,*ri/ianity w p]i% f (f ! face ( ! e>?4 ,workmong]s are mission>ies ( ! fa!r ( lies & ! murd]] f ! beg9n+3 s f> z 9 !m lies1 !y slay ! s\ls ( m5 by _! false tea*+ ( ! ,law4 ,h[ev]1 ,lu!r reveals ano!r attitude t[>d ! ,law4 ,at ?ree di/9ct times 9 8 public c>e] he _h to d ) p :o _h assum$ a ho/ile attitude to ! ,law ( ,god4 ,if ! cont5tion ( ,lu!r's ,ca?olic critics 7 true1 ,lu!r ought to h hail$ ^! occasions ) delight & made common cause ) ! repudiators ( ! ,law4 ,:ile he 0 at ! ,w>tburg1 a di/urbance broke out at ,witt5b]g4 ,"u ! lead]%ip ( ,c>l/adt1 a pr(essor at ! ,univ]sity1 m5 broke into ! *ur*es & sma%$ images4 ,*ur* ord9ances ( age-long /&+ 7 to be abrogat$1 ! cloi/]s 7 to be ?r[n op51 & a new ord] ( ?+s 0 to be inaugurat$ by viol5ce4 ,aga9/ ! w ( ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 :o _h af=d$ ,lu!r an asylum 9 8 ca/le1 ,lu!r1 at ! risk ( 8 life1 came out ( 8 seclusion1 boldly w5t to ,witt5b]g1 & prea*$ a s]ies ( s]mons by :i* he quell$ ! riot\s upris+4 ,ev5 be=e 8 return to ,witt5b]g he _h publi%$ a treatise 9 :i* he w>n$ ,*ri/ians to avoid tumult & viol5t proce$+s4 ,! eight s]mons :i* he prea*$ to ! excit$ p ( ,witt5b]g are an invaluable evid5ce t ,lu!r meant to proce$ 9 ! way ( ord]4 ,! mass & ! confessional w\ld h be5 aboli%$ at t "t1 _h x n be5 = ,lu!r's int]f]5ce4 ,he made "s lifelong enemies by insi/+ t ! re=matory movem5t mu/ be cons]vative4 ,he held t be=e m5's consci5ces _h be5 lib]at$ by ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 !y 7 n qualifi$ = ex]cis+ true ,*ri/ian lib]ty1 & _! viol5t proce$+s 7 no?+ b c>nal lic5se4 ,ev]ybody kn[s h[ deeply ,lu!r himself 0 int]e/$ 9 ! abolition ( ! idolatr\s ,mass & ! spiritual peonage :i* ,rome _h creat$ = m5 by means ( ! confessional4 ,only a p]son :o puts pr9ciples above policies c\ld h act$ z ,lu!r did 9 ^? turbul5t days4 ,he want$ = 8 foll[]s1 n wanton rebels & fr5zi$ en?usia/s1 b m5 :o respect ! ,^w ( ,cod1 discreet & g5tle m5 ^: weapons ( w>f>e 7 n c>nal4 ,a man :o is s cauti\s z n to approve ! putt+ d[n ( ackn[l$g$ evils because he is conv9c$ t ! attempt is premature & exce$s ! limits ( propriety1 w n l5d 8 h& to aboli%+ ! div9e norm ( "r1 ! holy comm&m5ts ( ,god4 ,! second occasion on :i* ,lu!r 9 a mo/ impressive mann] %[$ 8 pr(\nd reg>d = ! ma9t5ance ( human & div9e laws 0 dur+ ! bloody upris+ ( ! peasants4 ,:ile ?or\ghly 9 sympa?y ) ! rebelli\s peasants 9 _! righte\s grievances aga9/ _! secul> & spiritual oppressors1 ! b>ons & ! bi%ops1 & plead+ ! peasants' cause 9 its j dem&s be=e _! lords1 he unfl9*+ly rebuk$ _! extreme dem&s & _! /ill extrem] actions4 ,if by 8 prea*+ ( ! ,gospel ,lu!r _h be5 ! in/igator ( ! peasants' upris+1 :at a braz5 hypocrite he mu/ h be5 9 d5\nc+ acts :i* he mu/ h ackn[l$g$ to be fruits ( 8 tea*+6 ,among ! noblem5 ( ,g]many ,lu!r c\nt$ n a few frank admir]s & /aun* support]s ( 8 re=matory "w4 ,_! influ5ce 0 ( ! highe/ value to him 9 ^? critical days :5 8 own life 0 n safe4 ,yet he rebuk$ ! s9s ( ! high & mighty1 _! av>ice & insol5ce1 :i* _h br\ght on ?is t]rible di/urbance4 ,9 8 writ+s deal+ ) ?is sad conflict ,lu!r impresses "o l "o ( ! anci5t prophets :o /& l a rock amid ! rag+ bill[s ( popul> passions & ) ev5-h&$ ju/ice deliv] ! oracles ( ,god to high & l[1 call+ ^u all to b[ be=e ! supreme w ( ! righte\s ,lawgiv]4 ,w\ld ! great lords ( ! l& h meekly tak5 ,lu!r's rebuke if !y _h be5 able to *>ge ,lu!r ) be+ an accessory to ! peasants' crimes8 ,! ?ird occasion on :i* ,lu!r's innoc5ce ( ! *>ges ( ,romani/s t he 0 an in/igator ( lawlessness 0 mo/ effectually v9dicat$ 0 ! ,ant9omian controv]sy4 ,?is episode1 m ?an any o!r1 embitt]$ ! life ( ! ag+ ,re=m]4 ,! ,ant9omians drew f ! evangelical tea*+s ^? disa/r\s consequ5ces :i* ! ,ca?olics impute to ,lu!r3 !y claim$ t ! ,law is n 9 any way applicable to ,*ri/ians4 ,!y insi/$ t ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts mu/ n be prea*$ to ,*ri/ians at all4 ,*ri/ians1 !y claim$1 det]m9e 9 ! ex]cise ( _! sov]eign lib]ty :at !y may or may n d4 ,be+ "u grace1 !y are sup]ior to ! ,law & a law unto !mselves4 ,at fir/ ,lu!r _h be5 incl9$ to treat ?is error mildly1 because x seem$ incr$ible to him t enlight5$ *ildr5 ( ,god c\ld s fatally misread ! tea*+ ( ,god's ,^w4 ,he ?\ght ! ,ant9omians 7 ei!r misund]/ood by p :o _h no conception ( ! ,gospel & ( evangelical lib]ty1 or !y 7 grossly sl&]$ by p]sons ill-dispos$ to !m because ( _! successful prea*+ ( ! ,gospel4 ,:5 _! error _h be5 e/abli%$ beyond a d\bt1 he did n hesitate a mom5t to attack x4 ,9 s]mons & public disputations1 be=e ! common p ( ,witt5b]g & ! le>n$ doctors & ! /ud5ts ( ! ,univ]sity1 he def5d$ ! holy ,law ( ,god z ! norm ( "r conduct & ! mirror %[+ up ! s9fulness ( man also = ,*ri/ians1 & he insi/$ t ^? :o _h fall5 into ?is error mu/ publicly recant4 ,x 0 due to ,lu!r's unrel5t+ opposition t ,agricola1 "o ( ! lead]s ( ! ,ant9omians & at "o "t a de> fri5d ( ,lu!r1 )drew 8 false tea*+ & (f]$ apologies 9 a publi%$ disc\rse4 ,to 8 gue/s ,lu!r 9 ^? days rem>k$ at ! table3 ,satan1 l a furi\s h>lot1 rages 9 ! ,ant9omians1 z ,melan*?on writes f ,frank=t4 ,! devil w d mu* h>m ?r\gh !m & cause inf9ite & vexati\s evils4 ,if !y c>ry _! lawless pr9ciples into ! ,/ate z well z ! ,*ur*1 ! magi/rate w say3 ,i am a ,*ri/ian1 !re=e ! law does n p]ta9 to me4 ,ev5 a ,*ri/ian hangman w\ld repudiate ! law4 ,if !y tea* only free grace1 inf9ite lic5se w foll[1 & all discipl9e w be at an end4 7,pres]v$ ,smi?1 p4 #bhc47 ,lu!r held t =bidd+ ! prea*+ ( ! ,law meant to prohibit prea*+ ,god's tru? 7#bj1 #afce71 & to abrogate ! ,law he reg>d$ z tantam\nt to abrogat+ ! ,gospel 7#bb1 #ajbi74 ,f> f repudiat+ ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 !n1 ,lu!r1 by insi/+ on a di/9ction betwe5 ,law & ,gospel1 & assign+ to ea* a sep>ate sph]e ( op]ation 9 ! lives ( ,*ri/ians1 has done m ?an any o!r tea*] 9 ! ,*ur* s9ce ! days ( ,paul to impress m5 ) a s9c]e respect ( ! ,law1 & to honor x by ob$i5ce to its precepts4 #ai4 ,lu!r's ,invisible ,*ur*4 ,9 8 ,!ses aga9/ ! sale ( indulg5ces1 especially 9 ! fir/ two1 ,lu!r _h utt]$ a ?\ght :i* l$ to a new conception ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he _h decl>$ t ,*ri/ian life does n consi/ 9 ! p]=mance ( c]ta9 works ( piety1 su* z go+ to confession1 p]=m+ ! p5ances impos$ by prie/s1 he>+ ,mass1 etc41--all ( :i* are ext]nal1 visible acts1--b 9 a cont9u\s p5it5tial relation ( ! he>t to ,god4 ,! ,*ri/ian1 consci\s ( 8 innate corruption & 8 daily s9n+1 faces ,god at all times 9 ! attitude ( a humble suitor = m]cy4 ,! po/ure ( ! publican is ! typical attitude ( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,he recognizes no m]it 9 himself1 he pleads no wor?9ess :i* w\ld give him a j claim ^u ,god's favor4 ,8 s+le hope & sole reliance is 9 ! m]it & aton+ "w ( 8 ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! ,*ri/ian's p5it5ce embraces z a con/itu5t elem5t fai? 9 ! =giv5ess ( s9 = ,*ri/'s sake4 ,9 ! /r5g? ( 8 fai? ! ,*ri/ian beg9s to wre/le ) ! s9 :i* is /ill indwell+ 9 him & :i* besets him f )\t4 ,! agony ( ! ,r$eem] :i* he places be=e 8 eyes at all times proves a det]r5t f s91 & ! holy example ( ,jesus1 :o ran ) rejoic+ ! way ( ! comm&m5ts ( ,god1 becomes an inspir+ example to him3 actuat$ by gratitude = ! love ( ! ,son ( ,god :o gave ,himself = him & reclaim$ him f c]ta9 p]dition1 he beg9s to reproduce ! life ( ,jesus 9 8 own conv]sation4 ,8 :ole life is det]m9$ by 8 relation to ,jesus3 8 ?\ghts1 affections1 words1 & de$s are a reflex ( ! life ( 8 ,"l4 ,= him to live is ,*ri/ 7,phil4 #a1 #ba74 ,all 8 acts become expressions ( 8 fai?4 ,he says ) ,paul3 ,i live2 yet n ,i1 b ,*ri/ live? 9 me3 & ! life :i* ,i n[ live 9 ! fle% ,i live by ! fai? ( ! ,son ( ,god1 :o lov$ me1 & gave ,himself = me 7,gal4 #b1 #bj74 ,dur+ ! discussions :i* foll[$ ! publication ( ! ,!ses1 especially dur+ ! ,leipzig ,debate ) ,eck 9 #aeai1 ?is ?\ght ( ,lu!r 0 exp&$1 & appli$ to ! idea ( ! ,*ur*4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 ,lu!r's tea*+1 came to be set =? z some?+ va/ly diff]5t f ! ext]nal & me*anical religi\sness :i* _h be5 accept$ z ,*ri/ianity by ,rome4 ,*ri/ianity meant a new life1 sway$ by new motives1 gov]n$ by new pr9ciples4 ,x 0 se5 to be entirely inw>d1 an affair ( ! he>t & s\l & m9d1 &1 ult]iorly1 an affair ( ! body & ! natural life4 ,! religion ( ,rome1 ) its con/ant emphasis on works ( m5's piety & ! m]it result+ !refrom1 _h become ?or\ghgo+ ext]nalism4 ,s _m pray]s recit$1 s _m alt>s visit$1 s _m (f]+s made1 meant s _m m]its a*iev$4 ,! s*eme work$ out ) ma!matical precision4 ,dev\t ,ca?olics might well keep a l$g] ( _! devotional acts1 z ,gu/av ,freitag 9 8 ,ance/ors repres5ts ,m>cus ,ko5ig z hav+ done4 ,9 ! ,ca?olic view ! ,*ur* is a visible society1 an ecclesia/ical organization ) a supreme (fic] at ! head1 & a ho/ ( subord9ate (fic]s :o receive _! ord]s f him1 & la/ly1 a lay memb]%ip t ackn[l$ges ! rule ( ?is organization4 ,! ,*ur* 9 ?is view is a religi\s commonweal?1 only 9 =m & op]ation diff]+ f secul> commonweal?s4 ,c>d9al ,gibbons calls x ! ,*ri/ian ,republic4 ,9 ,lu!r's view ! ,*ur* is1 fir/ ( all1 an invisible society1 kn[n to ,god1 ! ,se>*] ( he>ts1 alone4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is ! sum-total ( believ]s scatt]$ ?r\gh ! :ole _w & exi/+ 9 all ages4 ,to ?is ,*ur* we ref] :5 we pr(ess 9 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$3 ,i believe "o holy1 ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ! communion ( sa9ts4 ,?is is ! ,*ur*1 ! real ,*ur*1 ! ,*ur* :i* ,god ackn[l$ges z ! spiritual body ( ,*ri/1 :o is ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 & ) :i* ,he ma9ta9s ! mo/ intimate & t5d] relations4 ,?is invisible ,*ur* exi/s )9 ! visible societies ( organiz$ ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! local ,*ri/ian congregations4 ,*ri/ian fai? is nev] indep5d5t ( ! means :i* ,god has appo9t$ = produc+ fai?1 ! ,gospel & ! ,sacram5ts4 ,fai? come? by he>+1 & he>+ by ! ,^w ( ,god 7,rom4 #aj1 #ag74 ,?is fai?-creat+ ^w ( evangelical grace is an audible & visible matt]4 ,its pres5ce 9 any locality is cognizable by ! s5ses4 ,x becomes atta*$1 moreov]1 by ,*ri/'s orda9+1 to c]ta9 visible elem5ts1 z ! wat] 9 ,baptism & ! bread & w9e 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,h5ce ^! two ,*ri/ian ord9ances--! only two = :i* a div9e ^w ( comm& & promise1 h5ce1 a div9e in/itution c be %[n--also become relat$ to fai?1 to its orig9 & pres]vation4 ,= ( ,baptism our ,"l says3 ,except a man be born ( wat] & ! ,_s1 he _c ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god 7,john #c1 #e74 ,to be born aga91 or to become a *ild ( ,god1 accord+ to ,john #a1 #ab1 is ! same z to believe4 ,accord+ly1 ,paul says3 ,ye are all ! *ildr5 ( ,god by fai? 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,= z _m ( y z h be5 baptiz$ into ,*ri/ h put on ,*ri/ 7,gal4 #c1 #bf4 #bg74 ,( ! ,sacram5t our ,"l says3 ,?is is ! blood ( ! cov5ant :i* is %$ = _m = ! remission ( s9s 7,matt4 #bf1 #bh72 & ,8 apo/le decl>es t communicants1 z (t5 z !y eat ( ?is bread & dr9k ( ?is cup1 d %[ ! ,"l's dea? till ,he come 7#a ,cor4 #aa1 #bf74 ,! ,gospel & ! ,sacram5ts1 n[1 become ! m>ks ( ! ,*ur*1 ! unfail+ crit]ia ( its exi/5ce 9 any place4 ,=1 accord+ to ! decl>ation ( ,god1 !y are nev] entirely )\t result1 ?\gh _m to :om !y are br\ght resi/ ! graci\s op]ation ( ! ,_s ?r\gh ^! means4 ,by ,isaiah ,god has said3 ,z ! ra9 come? d[n1 & ! sn[ f heav51 & returne? n ?i!r1 b wat]e? ! e>?1 & make? x br+ =? & bud1 t x may give se$ to ! s[] & bread to ! eat]3 s %all ,my ,^w be t goe? =? out ( ,my m\?3 x %all n return unto ,me void1 b x %all accompli% t :i* ,i please1 & x %all prosp] 9 ! ?+ :]eto ,i s5t x 7,is4 #ee1 #aj4 #aa74 ,among ! p :o 9 a giv5 locality rally ar\nd ! ,^w & ! ,sacram5ts & pr(ess allegiance to !m1 !re is ! ,*ur*1 because !re is ! p[] ( ,god unto salvation1 ! fai?-produc+ & fai?-su/a9+ ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,^? :o embrace :at ! ,gospel (f]s ) a lively fai?1 & 9 ! p[] ( _! fai? proce$ to lead holy lives 9 accordance ) ! tea*+ ( ,god's ,^w1 are ! memb]s ( ! true ,*ur* ( ,god1 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,^? :o adh]e only ext]nally to ^! in/itutions are m]ely nom9al memb]s4 ,!y may at he>t be hypocrites & secret blasphem]s4 ,ca?olic writ]s *>ge ,lu!r ) hav+ set up ?is tea*+1 p>tly to spite ! ,pope :om he hat$1 p>tly to gratify 8 va+lori\s aspirations to become fam\s4 ,he _h at "o "t held ! ,ca?olic dogma t ! ,*ur* is ! visible society ( m5 :o pr(ess allegiance to ! ,bi%op ( ,rome & accept 8 ov]lord%ip 9 matt]s ( _! religion4 ,b ?r\gh neglect ( 8 religi\s duties & ! failure to bridle 8 imp]i\s temp] he _h by degrees begun to revolt f ! tea*+ ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 until he publicly r5\nc$ ! ,*ur* t _h exi/$ 9 all ! ages be=e him1 & set up 8 own ,*ur*4 ,by =sak+ ! communion ( ! ,roman *ur* organization he sev]$ 8 s\l f ,*ri/ & became an apo/ate4 ,=1 accord+ to ,ca?olic belief1 ,*ri/ f\nd$ ! ,*ur* to be a visible organization ) a visible head1 ! ,pope1 & pla9ly & palpably gov]n+ m54 ,ev]ybody :o has read ! records ( ,lu!r's "w kn[s t no ?\ght 0 m =eign to 8 m9d ?an t ( f\nd+ a new *ur*4 ,he believ$ himself 9 he>ty accord ) ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & ! ,pope :5 he publi%$ 8 ,!ses4 ,he did n wantonly leave ! ,*ur*1 b 0 driv5 f x by mo/ ru?less measures4 ,x 0 :ile he 0 def5d+ ! pr9ciples :i* he _h fir/ utt]$ aga9/ ,tetzel t 8 eyes 7 op5$ to ! appall+ defection :i* _h occurr$ 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* f e true conception ( :at ! ,*ur* really is4 ,8 appeals to ! ,^w ( ,god 7 answ]$ by appeals to ! ,*ur*1 ! c\ncils ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,pope4 ,9 8 unsophi/icat$ m9d ,lu!r held t ,*ur*1 c\ncils1 & ,pope are all subject to ,*ri/1 ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y _c tea* & decree any?+ b :at ,*ri/ has taught & orda9$4 ,x is only by abid+ 9 ! words ( ,*ri/ t m5 become & rema9 ! true disciples ( ,*ri/1 h5ce1 ,8 ,*ur* 7,john #h1 #ca74 ,n[1 he 0 told t ,*ri/ _h erect$ ! visible organization ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ) ! ,pope at its head into ! ,*ur*1 & _h h&$ ov] all au?ority to ?is society1 ) ! und]/&+ t !re c be no appeal f ?is body to ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,salvation is only by submitt+ to ! rule ( ?is society1 adopt+ its ways1 foll[+ its precepts4 ,f ?is tea*+ ,lu!r recoil$ ) horror1 & rightly s4 ,at "o "t ,god _h erect$ a !ocracy on e>?1 a ,*ur* :i* 0 a visible society1 & = :i* ,he _h made special laws & ord9ances4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,old ,cov5ant is ! only visible ,*ur* :i* ,god creat$4 ,b ev5 9 ?is ,*ur* ,he decl>$ t ext]nal compliance ) its ways did n con/itute any "o a true memb] ( ,8 ,*ur*4 ,he told ! ,jews by ,isaiah3 ,to ?is man w ,i look1 ev5 to him t is poor & ( a contrite _s1 & tremble? at ,my ,^w4 ,he t kille? an ox is z if he slew a man2 he t sacrifice? a lamb1 z if he cut (f a dog's neck2 he t (f]e? an oblation z if he (f]$ sw9e's blood2 he t burne? inc5se1 z if he bless$ an idol 7*ap4 #ff1 #b4 #h74 ,"h ,god abom9ates ! m]e ext]nal p]=mance ( acts ( wor%ip z an outrage & a crime t is p]petrat$ aga9/ ,8 holy "n4 ,repeat+ a say+ ( ?is same prophet1 our ,"l said to ! memb]s ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur* 9 ,8 day3 ,ye hypocrites1 well did ,isaiah prophesy ( y1 say+1 ,?is p drawe? nigh unto ,me ) _! m\?1 & honore? ,me ) _! lips2 b _! he>t is f> f ,me4 ,b 9 va9 d !y wor%ip ,me1 tea*+ = doctr9es ! comm&m5ts ( m5 7,matt4 #ae1 #g-i74 ,! ,ph>isees 9 ! days ( ,*ri/ are ! true ance/ors ( ,ca?olics 9 _! belief t ! ,*ur* is a great1 p[]ful1 visible organization 9 ?is _w1 subject to ! supreme w ( a visible rul]1 & capable ( be+ employ$ 9 great worldly ent]prises l a political ma*9e4 ,! ,ph>isees 7 always look+ = ! e/abli%m5t ( a mighty *ur* organization :i* w\ld dom9ate ! _w4 ,!y expect$ ! ,messiah to inaugurate a ,*ur* ( ?is k9d4 ,) ?is ambiti\s ?\ght 9 _! he>t !y approa*$ ,*ri/ on a c]ta9 occasion & ask$ ,him :5 ! k+dom ( ,god %\ld come4 ,he answ]$ !m & said1 ,! k+dom ( ,god come? n ) obs]vation2 nei!r %all !y say1 ,lo1 "h6 or1 ,lo1 !re6 =1 behold1 ! k+dom ( ,god is )9 y 7,luke #ag1 #bj4 #ba74 ,to ! same effect ,paul decl>es ,he is n a ,jew :i* is "o outw>dly1 nei!r is t circumcision :i* is outw>d 9 ! fle%2 b he is a ,jew :i* is "o inw>dly2 & circumcision is t ( ! he>t1 9 ! _s1 & n 9 ! lett] 7,rom4 #b1 #bh4 #bi74 ,& to a "y pa/or :om he _h tra9$ = "w 9 ! ,*ur*1 he describes ! ,*ur* z foll[s3 ,! f\ndation ( ,god /&e? sure1 hav+ ?is seal1 ,! ,"l kn[e? !m t are ,84 ,&1 ,let e "o t name? ! "n ( ,*ri/ dep>t f iniquity 7#b ,tim4 #b1 #ai74 ,by mak+ ! ,gospel ! m>k ( ! ,*ur* & fai? ! ,gospel ! badge ( memb]%ip 9 ! ,*ur* ,lu!r has r5d]$ an incalculable s]vice to ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is view ( ! ,*ur* %[s ! imm5se importance ( a live1 intellig5t1 & active p]sonal fai?4 ,x puts a ban on religi\s indiff]5ce & me*anical wor%ip4 ,x de/roys =malism1 c]emonialism1 ,ph>isaism 9 ! affairs ( religion4 ,ju/ly ,lu!r has ridicul$ ! implicit1 or bl9d1 fai? ( ,ca?olics1 :5 he writes3 ,! papi/s say t !y believe :at ! ,*ur* believes1 j z x is be+ relat$ ( ! ,poles t !y say3 ,i believe :at my k+ believes4 ,inde$6 ,c\ld !re be a bett] fai? ?an ?is1 a fai? less free f worry & anxiety8 ,!y tell a /ory ab\t a doctor meet+ a colli] on a bridge 9 ,prague & condesc5d+ly ask+ ! poor layman1 ',my de> man1 :at d y believe8' ,! colli] repli$1 ',:atev] ! ,*ur* believes4' ,! doctor3 ',well1 :at does ! ,*ur* believe8' ,! colli]3 ',:at ,i believe4' ,"s "t lat] ! doctor 0 ab\t to die4 ,9 8 la/ mom5ts he 0 s fi]cely assail$ by ! devil t he c\ld n ma9ta9 8 gr\nd nor f9d re/ until he said1 ',i believe :at ! colli] believes4' ,a simil> /ory is be+ told ( ! great ,ca?olic !ologian ,?omas ,aqu9as1 viz41 t 9 8 la/ mom5ts he 0 driv5 into a corn] by ! devil1 & f9ally decl>$1 ',i believe :at is writt5 9 ?is ,book4' ,he _h ! ,bible 9 8 arms :ile he spoke ^! words4 ,god grant t n mu* ( su* fai? be f\nd among u6 ,= if ^! p did n believe 9 a diff]5t mann]1 bo? ! doctor & ! colli] h be5 l&$ 9 ! abyss ( hell by _! fai?4 7#ag1 #bjac47 ,lu!r's tea*+ reg>d+ ! ,*ur* leads to a prop] valuation ( ! means ( grace4 ,only ?r\gh ! evangelical ,^w & ! evangelical ord9ances is ! ,*ur* plant$1 wat]$1 & su/a9$4 ,x is1 !re=e1 necess>y t ! _w be suppli$ 9 abundance ) ! ,^w ?r\gh ! mission>y op]ations ( ,*ri/ians1 & t ! ,*ri/ians !mselves h ! ,^w dwell among !m ri*ly 7,col4 #c1 #af74 ,he t abide? 9 ,me1 & ,i 9 him1 ! same br+e? =? mu* fruit2 = )\t ,me ye c d no?+1 says ! ,head ( ! ,*ur* to ,8 disciples 7,john #ae1 #e72 & 9 ,8 la/ pray] ,he pleads ) ! ,fa!r 9 _! behalf3 ,sanctify !m ?r\gh ,?y tru?3 ,?y ,^w is tru? 7,john #ag1 #ag74 ,= ! same reason x is necess>y t ! ,^w & ,sacram5ts be pres]v$ 9 _! ,scriptural purity1 t any deviation f ! cle> tea*+ ( ! ,bible be resi/$1 & or?odoxy be ma9ta9$4 ,errors 9 doctr9e are l t>es 9 a :eat-field3 !y are useless 9 !mselves1 & !y h9d] ! gr[? ( good plants4 ,error saves no "o1 b "s are /ill sav$ 9 spite ( error by cl++ to ! tru? :i* is (f]$ !m along ) ! error4 ,lu!r believ$ t ?is happ5$ ev5 9 ! error-ridd5 ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,lu!r's tea*+ reg>d+ ! ,*ur* enables u1 fur!rmore1 to =m a "r e/imate ( ! m9i/ry 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,*ri/ wants all believ]s to be proclaim]s ( ,8 tru? & grace4 ,! apo/le :om ,ca?olics reg>d z ! fir/ ,pope says to all ,*ri/ians3 ,ye are a *os5 g5]ation1 a royal prie/hood1 an holy nation1 a peculi> p1 t ye %\ld %[ =? ! praises ( ,him :o ha? call$ y out ( d>kness into ,8 m>vel\s light 7#a ,pet4 #b1 #i74 ,to ! local congregation ( believ]s1 :i* is to deal ) an (f5d+ bro!r1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( putt+ him out ( ! *ur*1 ,*ri/ says3 ,if he neglect to he> ! *ur*1 let him be unto !e z an hea!n man & a publican4 ,v]ily1 ,i say unto y1 ,:atsoev] ye %all b9d on e>? %all be b\nd 9 heav53 & :atsoev] ye %all loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav54 ,!re is no?+ t ,god d5ies ev5 to ! smalle/ company ( believ]s :ile !y are engag$ 9 ! dis*>ge ( _! rights & duties z memb]s ( ! ,*ur*2 = ,*ri/ adds3 ,aga9 ,i say unto y1 ,t if two ( y %all agree on e>? z t\*+ any?+ t !y %all ask1 x %all be done = !m ( ,my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav54 ,= :]e two or ?ree are ga!r$ toge!r 9 ,my "n1 !re am ,i 9 ! mid/ ( !m 7,matt4 #ah1 #ag-bj74 ,all rights & duties ( ! ,*ur* are common to all memb]s4 ,all h ! "r to prea*1 to adm9i/] ! ,sacram5ts1 etc4 ,ov] & above ?is1 h[ev]1 ,*ri/ has in/itut$ also a p]sonal m9i/ry1 m5 :o c be s5t ev5 z ,he 0 s5t by ! ,fa!r 7,john #bj1 #ba2 comp4 ,rom4 #aj1 #ae3 ,h[ %all !y prea*1 except !y be s5t872 m5 :o are to devote !mselves exclusively to ! read+ ( ! ,^w 7#a ,tim4 #d1 #ac71 to tea*+ & guid+ _! fell[-believ]s 9 ! way ( div9e tru? 7see ! ,epi/les to ,timo?y & ,titus74 ,b ! m9i/ry 9 ! ,*ur* does n repres5t a high] grade ( ,*ri/ianity1--! laym5 repres5t+ ! l[]1--b ! m9i/ry is a s]vice orda9$ = ! p]fect+ ( ! sa9ts & ! edify+ ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 viz41 ,8 ,*ur* 7,eph4 #d1 #aa4 #ab2 #a1 #bc74 ,m9i/] is d]iv$ f m9us1 less1 n f magis--f :i* we h ,magi/]--mean+ m4 ,! m9i/ry ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is n a hi]>*y1 end[$ ) special privileges & p[]s by ! ,"l1 b a body ( humble workm5 :o s]ve _! fell[-m5 & fell[-,*ri/ians 9 ! _s ( ,*ri/1 :o said3 ,! ,son ( ,man came n to be m9i/]$ unto1 b to m9i/] & to give ,8 life a ransom = _m 7,matt4 #bj1 #bh74 ,m9i/]s m]ely ex]cise 9 public ! common rights ( all believ]s & are ! believ]s' repres5tatives 9 all _! (ficial acts4 ,s ,paul view$ ! absolution :i* he pron\nc$ ^u ! p5it5t memb] ( ! ,cor9?ian congregation 7#b ,cor4 #b1 #aj74 ,:5 ! ,cor9?ians _h begun to exalt _! prea*]s unduly1 he told !m t !y 7 c>nal4 ,:o is ,paul1 he exclaims1 & :o is ,apollos1 b m9i/]s by :om ye believ$8 4 4 4 ,let no man glory 9 m54 ,= all ?+s are y\rs2 :e!r ,paul1 or ,apollos1 or ,cephas1 or ! _w1 or life1 or dea?1 or ?+s pres5t1 or ?+s to come2 all are y\rs 7#a ,cor4 #c1 #d4 #e4 #bj4 #ba74 ,& ,pet]1 ! orig9al ,pope 9 ! ,ca?olics' belief1 says3 ,! eld]s :i* are among y ,i exhort1 :o am also an eld]1 & a witness ( ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 & also a p>tak] ( ! glory t %all be reveal$3 ,fe$ ! flock ( ,god :i* is among y1 tak+ ! ov]sight !re(1 n by con/ra9t1 b will+ly1 n = fil?y lucre1 b ( a ready m9d2 nei!r z be+ lords ov] ,god's h]itage1 b be+ ensamples to ! flock 7#a ,pet4 #e1 #a-c74 ,la/ly1 ,lu!r's tea*+ reg>d+ ! ,*ur* af=ds a weal? ( com=t & s\nd direction 9 view ( ! divid$ condition ( ! visible ,*ur*4 ,?r\gh ! ignorance & malice ( m5 & ?r\gh ! wily activity ( ,satan1 :o creates divisions & (f5ses contr>y to ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/1 & is busy s[+ t>es among ! :eat1 !re h aris5 _m *ur* organizations1 kn[n by p>ty names1 diff]+ f "o ano!r 9 _! cre$al /atem5ts1 & w>r+ ^u ea* o!r4 ,?is is a sad spectacle to contemplate1 & grieves ,*ri/ian he>ts sorely4 ,b ^! divisions 9 ! ext]nal & visible organizations d n t\* ! body ( ,*ri/1 ! communion ( sa9ts1 ! "o holy ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,9 all ages & places ! true believ]s 9 ,*ri/ are a unit4 ,among ^? :o by fai? h put on ! new man1 :i* is r5ew$ 9 k aft] ! image ( ,him t creat$ him1 !re is nei!r ,greek nor ,jew1 circumcision nor uncircumcision1 b>b>ian1 ,scy?ian1 bond1 nor free2 b ,*ri/ is all1 & 9 all 7,col4 #c1 #aj4 #aa74 ,?is is ! true ,ca?olic1 t is1 univ]sal1 ,*ur*4 ,! visible society :i* has usurp$ ?is "n nev] 01 nor is to-day1 ! univ]sal ,*ur*4 ,be=e ,prote/antism arose1 !re 0 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 :i* has ma9ta9$ a sep>ate organization4 ,?is holy ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is inde/ructible1 because ! ,^w ( ,*ri/1 :i* is its bond1 %all nev] pass away1 & ,*ri/ rules ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ,8 enemies4 ,visible *ur* organizations are valuable only 9 z f> z !y %elt]1 & are nurs]ies (1 ! invisible ,*ur*4 ,lu!r nev] conceiv$ ! idea ( f\nd+ a visible organization m p[]ful ?an ! ,ca?olic2 he did n mean to pit "o ecclesia/ical body ( m5 aga9/ ano!r4 ,8 s+le aim 0 to re/ore ! purity ( tea*+ & ! "r adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts 9 accordance ) ! ,scriptures4 ,t 8 foll[]s 7 nam$ aft] him1 we h %[n n to be ,lu!r's fault3 ,lu!r did n =m a ,*ur*1 b re=m$ ! ,*ur*2 he did n e/abli% a new cre$1 b ree/abli%$ ! old4 ,! visible society ( ,lu!rans to-day does n reg>d itself z ! alone-sav+ ,*ur*1 or z immune f error1 or z infallible1 b x does claim to be ! ,*ur* ( ! pure ,^w & ,sacram5ts4 ,x kn[s t x is "o 9 fai? ) all ! *ildr5 ( ,god ?r\gh\t ! _w & 9 all ages4 #bj4 ,lu!r on ! ,god-,giv5 ,supremacy ( ! ,pope4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ,ca?olics ,lu!r's greate/ (f5se is :at he has done to _! ,pope4 ,?is is ,lu!r's unp>donable s94 ,lu!r has done two ?+s to ! ,pope3 he has d5i$ t ! ,pope exi/s by div9e "r1 & he has 9 ! mo/ scurril\s mann] spok5 & writt5 ab\t ! ,pope & made 8 vaunt$ dignity ! butt ( univ]sal ridicule4 ,! indictm5t is true1 b :5 ! facts are /at$1 x w be se5 to recoil on ! heads ( ^? :o h drawn x4 ,lu!r d5ies t ,matt4 #af1 #ah4 #ai e/abli%es ! papacy 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,he d5ies t ?is text creates a "o-man p[] 9 ! ,*ur*1 t x ve/s "o individual ) a sov]eign jurisdiction ov] ! spiritual affairs ( all o!r m51 mak+ him ! sole arbit] ( _! fai? & ! exclusive disp5s] ( div9e grace1 &1 la/1 n lea/1 t x says "o ^w ab\t ! ,pope4 ,lu!r makes1 inde$1 a clean & sweep+ d5ial ( e claim :i* ,ca?olics advance = ! ,god-giv5 supremacy ( _! ,popes4 ,inasmu* z ! papacy /&s or falls ) ,matt4 #af1 #ah4ai1 he has put ! ,ca?olics 9 ! wor/ pr$icam5t imag9able4 ,ca?olics believe t ,pet] 0 s+l$ out = p>ticul> honors 9 ! ,*ur* by be+ decl>$ ! rock on :i* ,*ri/ builds ,8 ,*ur*1 & by be+ giv5 ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,pet]'s supremacy z ,primate ( ! ,_w1 !y hold1 pass$ ov] to ,pet]'s successor & is p]petuat$ 9 an unbrok5 l9e ( succession 9 ! ,roman ,popes4 ,?ree que/ions1 !n1 confront$ ,lu!r 9 ! /udy ( ?is text 9 ,mat!w4 ,fir/1 does ! rock 9 ,matt4 #af1 #ah signify ,pet]8 ,! ,"l _h address$ to all ,8 disciples ! "q1 ,:om say ye t ,i am8 ,in/ead ( all ( !m answ]+ & creat+ a confusion1 ,pet]1 ! mo/ impulsive ( ! apo/les1 speaks up & says1 ,?\ art ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,) ^! words ,pet] express$ ! common fai? ( all ! disciples4 ,n "o ( !m diss5t$ f 8 /atem5t2 he _h voic$ ! jo9t conviction ( !m all4 ,pet] 0 ! spokesman1 b ! confession 0 t ( ! apo/les4 ,any o!r apo/le might h spok5 fir/ & said ! same1 _h he be5 quick] ?an ,pet]4 ,if !re is any m]it 9 ,pet]'s confession ( ,*ri/1 all o!r disciples1 yea1 all :o confess ,*ri/ z ,pet] did1 %>e t m]it4 ,9 reply+ to ,pet] ! ,"l takes all m]it away f ,pet] by say+ to him3 ,bless$ art ?\1 ,simon ,b>jona2 = fle% & blood ha? n reveal$ x unto !e1 b ,my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav54 ,he addresses ,pet] by ! "n he _h borne be=e he became an apo/le3 ,simon1 son ( ,jonas1 & tells him t if he 7 /ill :at he us$ to be be=e he came to ,*ri/1 he c\ld n h made ! confession :i* he _h j utt]$4 ,9 8 old unconv]t$ /ate he w\ld n h =m$ any high] op9ion conc]n+ ,*ri/ ?an ! p ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 "s ( :om ?\ght t ,*ri/ 0 ,john ! ,bapti/ ris5 f ! dead2 o!rs1 t he 0 ,j]emias2 /ill o!rs1 t he 0 "o ( ! anci5t prophets come back to life4 ,! deity ( ,jesus & ,8 mission z ,*ri/1 t is1 z ! ,messiah1 our ,"l says1 are grasp$ by m5 only :5 ! ,fa!r reveals ^! tru?s to !m4 ,a spiritual nature1 a new m9d su* z ! ,_s gives 9 reg5]ation1 is requir$ = su* a confession4 ,! glory ( ,pet]'s confession1 !re=e1 is ! glory ( e believ]4 ,to e ,sunday-s*ool *ild :i* recites ,lu!r's explanation ( ! ,second ,article3 ,i believe t ,jesus ,*ri/1 true ,god1 begott5 ( ! ,fa!r f et]nity1 & also true man1 born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 is my ,"l1 :o has r$eem$ me1 ! ,"l w\ld say ! same ?+ z ,he did to ,pet]3 ,my *ild1 y\rs is an excell5t confession2 !re is no?+ fickle or undecid$ 9 x l 9 ! vague & *ang+ op9ions :i* worldly m5 =m ab\t ,me4 ,?ank ,god t ,he has giv5 y ! grace to "k ,me z ,i ought to be kn[n4 ,b did n ! ,"l proce$ to decl>e ,pet] ! rock on :i* ,he w\ld build ,8 ,*ur*8 ,t is :at ,ca?olics believe1 9 spite ( ! fact t ?is w\ld be ! only place 9 ! :ole ,bible :]e a human be+ w\ld be repres5t$ z ! f\ndation ( ! ,*ur*1 :ile !re are scores ( passages :i* "n q ano!r p]son z ! rock t supports ! ,*ur*4 ,ca?olics read ?is text ?us3 ,?\ art ,pet]1 & on !e w ,i build ,my ,*ur*4 ,t is precisely :at ,*ri/ did n say1 & :at ,he 0 mo/ c>eful n to express4 ,! words ,pet] & rock are pla9ly two diff]5t t]ms & d5ote two diff]5t objects4 ,t is ! mo/ natural view to take ( ! matt]4 ,9 ! orig9al ,greek we f9d two words simil> 9 s\nd1 b di/9ct 9 mean+ = ! two objects to :i* ,*ri/ ref]s3 ,pet]'s "n is ,petros1 :i* is a p]sonal n\n2 ! ^w = rock is petra1 :i* is a common n\n4 ,9 ! ,greek1 !n1 ,*ri/'s answ] reads ?us3 ,?\ art ,petros1 & on ?is petra w ,i build my ,*ur*4 ,ca?olics claim t ,*ri/1 9 answ]+ ,pet]1 introduc$ a play ^u words1 su* z a witty p]son w indulge 93 ,petros1 ! apo/le's "n1 signifies a rock-man1 a firm p]son1 & f ?is mean+ x is an easy /ep to petra1 :i* is pla9 rock or /one4 ,if ?is int]pretation is admitt$1 ! expression ^u !e may be sub/itut$ = ! expression on ?is rock4 ,yet n altoge!r4 ,by adopt+ ! peculi> phraseology ^u ?is rock 9 ! place ( ^u !e1 ,*ri/ avoids ref]r+ to ! individual ,pet]1 to ! p]son kn[n z ,pet]1 & ref]s r to a *>act]i/ic 9 him1 namely1 8 firmness & boldness 9 confess+ ,*ri/4 ,?is e c>eful int]pret] ( ?is text w admit4 ,*ri/ c\ld easily h said3 ,^u !e w ,i build ,my ,*ur*1 if x _h be5 ,8 int5tion to say j t4 ,& we imag9e on su* a mom5t\s occasion ,*ri/ w\ld h us$ ! pla9e/ t]ms1 conta9+ no figure ( spee*1 no ambiguities :atev]2 = 0 he n n[ introduc+ to ! ,*ur* ! di/+ui%$ p]son :o 0 to preside ov] its affairs8 ,ca?olics claim t :5 ,*ri/ spoke ^! words1 ^u ?is rock1 ,he _h ext5d$ ,8 h& & 0 po9t+ to ,pet]4 ,t w\ld help u consid]ably 9 ! int]pretation ( ! text4 ,! tr\ble is only t we are n told any?+ ab\t su* a ge/ure ( ,*ri/1 & if a ge/ure mu/ be inv5t$1 x is possible to inv5t an altoge!r diff]5t "o1 z we %all see4 ,b if ,*ri/1 by say+1 ^u ?is rock1 in/ead ( say+1 ^u !e1 ref]r$ n to ,pet] z a p]son1 b to a quality 9 ,pet]1 namely1 to 8 firm fai?1 !n x foll[s t ! ,*ur* is n built on ! p]son ( ,pet]1 b on a quality ( ,pet]4 ,?is is ! be/ t ,ca?olics c obta9 f ! int]pretation :i* !y h attempt$4 ,b if ! ,*ur* is built on firm fai?1 !re is no reason :y t fai? %\ld be j ,pet]'s4 ,w\ld n e firm believ] 9 ! deity & ,r$eem]%ip ( ,*ri/ become ! rock on :i* ! ,*ur* is built j z mu* z ,pet]8 ,lu!r decl>$ q correctly3 ,we are all ,pet]s if we believe l ,pet]4 ,really1 ! ,ca?olics ought to be will+ to help /r5g!n ! f\ndation ( ! ,*ur* by admitt+ t ! rock w\ld become a /\t] support if1 in/ead ( ! firm fai? ( "o man1 ! equally firm fai? ( hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 & millions ( o!r m5 7 add$ to prop up ! ,*ur*4 ,9 all s]i\sness1 x w be absolutely necess>y to give ,pet] "s assi/ants2 = we "k t ! job ( hold+ up ! ,*ur* 0 too big = him on at lea/ two occasions4 ,:at became ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! night :5 ,pet] d5i$ ! ,"l8 ,9 t night1 ! ,ca?olics w\ld h to believe1 ! ,*ur* 0 built on a li> & blasphem]4 ,:at became ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! days :5 ,pet] came to ,antio* & ,paul )/ood him to ! face because he 0 dissembl+ 8 ,*ri/ian convictions n to (f5d a ,judaiz+ p>ty 9 ! ,*ur*8 7,gal4 #b47 ,0 ! ,*ur* 9 ^? days built on a cant+ hypocrite8 ,b ! greate/ difficulty 9 admitt+ ! ,ca?olic int]pretation is met :5 "o rememb]s ^? ,bible-texts :i* "n an altoge!r diff]5t rock z ! f\ndation & corn]-/one ( ! ,*ur*4 ,paul says t 9 _! des]t w&]+s ! ,israelites 7 accompani$ by ,*ri/4 ,he 0 _! unse5 ,guide & ,b5efactor4 ,he support$ _! fai?4 ,!y drank ( t spiritual ,rock t foll[$ !m2 & t ,rock 0 ,*ri/ 7#a ,cor4 #aj1 #d74 ,at ! conclusion ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt ! ,"l relates a p>able ab\t a wise & a fooli% build]4 ,! fooli% build] set up 8 h\se on s&2 ! wise build] built on rock4 ,by ! rock1 h[ev]1 ! ,"l w\ld h u und]/& ^! say+s ( ,m9e 7,matt4 #g1 #bd74 ,paul speaks ( ! ,*ur* to ! ,ephesians ?us3 ,ye are built ^u ! f\ndation ( ! apo/les & prophets1 ,jesus ,*ri/ ,himself be+ ! *ief corn]-/one 7*ap4 #b1 #bj74 ,mo/ fatal1 h[ev]1 to ! ,ca?olic int]pretation is ! te/imony ( ,pet]4 ,exhort+ ! ,*ri/ians to eag] /udy ( ! ,^w ( ! ,"l1 he goes on to say3 ,to :om com+1 z unto a liv+ /one1 disall[$ inde$ ( m51 b *os5 ( ,god1 & preci\s1 ye also1 z lively /ones1 are built up a spiritual h\se1 an holy prie/hood1 to (f] up spiritual sacrifices1 acceptable to ,god by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:]e=e also x is conta9$ 9 ! scripture1 ,behold1 ,i lay 9 ,sion a *ief corn]-/one1 elect1 preci\s2 & he t believe? on ,him %all n be conf\nd$4 ,unto y !re=e :i* believe ,he is preci\s1 b unto !m :i* be disob$i5t1 ! /one :i* ! build]s disall[$1 ! same is made ! head ( ! corn]1 & a /one ( /umbl+1 & a rock ( (f5se1 ev5 to !m :i* /umble at ! ,^w1 be+ disob$i5t 7#a ,pet4 #b1 #d-h74 ,"h ,pet] 9 ! pla9e/ & /ronge/ t]ms decl>es ,*ri/ to be ! rock on :i* ! ,*ur* is built4 ,! scribes & ,ph>isees reject$ ,him1 z _h be5 =etold1 b ! common p :o he>d ,him gladly embrac$ ,8 message ( salvation1 & re/$ _! fai? on :at ,he _h taught !m & done = !m4 ,pet] evid5tly did n und]/& ! text 9 ,mat!w z ! ,ca?olics und]/& x4 ,pet] 9 8 ,epi/le is really a h]etic 9 :at he says ab\t ! rock1 & if ! ,ca?olics c\ld sp>e him f "u ! ,*ur*1 !y ought to burn him4 ,in/ead ( connect+ ! two p>ts ( ! /atem5t3 ,?\ art ,pet]1 &1 ,^u ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*1 z closely z ,ca?olics d1 ! two p>ts ought to be kept sep>ate4 ,:at ! ,"l says to ,pet] may be p>aphras$ ?us3 ,pet]1 !re 0 a "t :5 y 7 m]ely ,simon1 ,jonas's son4 ,at t "t y _h ?\ghts & =m$ op9ions ab\t holy matt]s su* z y\r fle% & blood1 y\r natural reason1 sugge/$ to y4 ,all t is *ang$ n[ t y are a ,pet]1 a firm believ] 9 ! revelation :i* ! ,fa!r makes to m5 ab\t ,me4 ,:at y h confess$ is ! exact tru?2 cl+ to t aga9/ all odds2 = ^u ?is p]son :om y h confess$1 z ^u a rock1 ,i w build ,my ,*ur*4--,& n[ we may imag9e t ! ,"l1 :ile utt]+ ! words1 ^u ?is rock1 po9t$ to ,himself4 ,! text does n say t ! ,"l made su* a ge/ure2 we simply imag9e ?is1 b our imag9ation is n only j z good z t ( ! ,ca?olics1 b bett]1 = ! ge/ure :i* we assume agrees ) ! tea*+s ( all ! ,scriptures t speak ( ,*ri/'s p]son & "w4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,ca?olics rem9d u t ,*ri/ gave to ,pet] ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav5 & made him ! doorkeep] ( p>adise4 ,yes1 s ! text reads1 & ) ,lu!r we %\ld n[ inquire3 ,0 x a brass1 or silv]1 or gold51 or wood5 key8 ,is ! lock on ! gate ( heav5 a common padlock1 or l ! cunn+ contrivances :i* are n[adays employ$ 9 safety vaults8 ,ca?olics are v mu* (f5d$ :5 "o speaks ?us ( ! keys ( ,pet]4 ,!y say s>casm is out ( place 9 su* holy matt]s4 ,t is q true2 b1 aga9 ) ,lu!r1 we w\ld urge t ! keys ( :i* we are speak+ s>ca/ically are n ! keys 9 ,matt4 #af1 #aj1 b ! keys 9 ! ,ca?olic imag9ation4 ,& ^! latt] "o c h>dly treat ) rev]5ce4 ,! ,ca?olics mu/ admit t no real key1 or any?+ resembl+ a key1 0 giv5 to ,pet] by ,*ri/4 ,! language 9 ?is text is figurative3 ! words :i* foll[ /ate ! ,"l's mean+ 9 pla9 t]ms4 ,! p[] ( ! keys is ! prea*+ ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s to p5it5t s9n]s1 & ! )hold+ ( grace f ^? :o d n rep5t4 ,if t is admitt$ to be ! mean+1 we ne$ turn only "o leaf 9 our ,bible1 & read :at is /at$ 9 ,matt4 #ah1 #ah4 ,!re ! ,"l conf]s ! same au?ority on all ! disciples :i* ,he is said 9 ,matt4 #af1 #ai to h conf]r$ on ,pet] exclusively4 ,on ?is latt] occasion ,pet]1 if ! ,ca?olics h ! "r view ( ! keys1 ought to h int]pos$ an objection & said to ! ,"l1 ,:at y give to ! o!rs is my prop]ty4 ,evid5tly ,pet] did n connect ! same mean+ ) ! words ( ,*ri/ ab\t ! keys z ! ,ca?olics4 ,*ri/ spoke ( ?is matt] once m1 & 9 t]ms /ill pla9]1 at ! meet+ on ,ea/] ,eve1 & aga9 address$ all ! disciples4 ,aga9 ,pet] made no compla9t4 7,john #bj47 ,x %\ld be not$ 1 moreov]1 t 9 ?is entire text 9 ,mat!w ! ,"l speaks 9 ! future t5se3 ,i w build1 ,i w give4 ,! words d n really conf] a grant1 b are at be/ a promise4 ,x is necess>y n[ t ! ,ca?olics f9d a complem5t to ?is text 9 ,mat!w1 a text :i* relates t ,*ri/ actually c>ri$ out lat] :at ,he promis$ to ,pet] 9 ,matt4 #af1 #ah4 #ai4 ,! ,"l seems to h =gott5 ! fulfilm5t ( ,8 promise1 & ! matt] seems to h slipp$ ,pet]'s m9d1 too2 = we are n told t he rem9d$ ! ,"l ( ,8 promise1 ?\gh he ask$ him on ano!r occasion :at w\ld be ! rew>d ( 8 disciple%ip4 7,matt4 #ai1 #bg ff47 ,lu!r has1 fur!rmore1 appeal$ to ! ,ca?olics to prove f ! ,scriptures t ,pet] ev] ex]cis$ su* an au?ority z !y claim = him4 ,if ,pet] _h be5 creat$ ! pr9ce ( ! apo/les or ! visible head ( ! ,*ur*1 we %\ld expect to f9d evid5ce 9 our ,bible t ,pet] act$ z a privileg$ p]son & 0 s reg>d$ by ! o!r apo/les4 ,b we may read ?r\gh ! entire book ( ,acts & all ! apo/olic epi/les3 !y tell u v m9utely h[ ! ,*ur* 0 plant$ 9 _m l&s1 h[ x grew & spread1 b !re is n ev5 a fa9t h9t t ,pet] 0 reg>d$ z ! primate1 or ,pope1 9 8 day4 ,:5 a c]ta9 "q ( doctr9e 0 to be decid$ 9 :i* ! congregations ( ,paul 7 int]e/$1 ,paul did n lay ! matt] be=e ,pet] to obta9 8 judgm5t on x1 b ref]r$ x to a c\ncil ( ! ,*ur*4 ,at ?is c\ncil _m spoke1 & x 0 n ,pet]'s1 b ,james's spee* :i* f9ally decid$ ! matt]4 7,acts #ae47 ,:5 ,philip _h organiz$ congregations 9 ,sam>ia1 ! *ur* at ,j]usalem s5t ,pet] & ,john to visit !m4 ,pet] did n assume control ( ^! *ur*es by 8 own "r1 nor _h ,philip 9 ! fir/ place direct$ ! ,sam>itans to ,pet] z _! head4 7,acts #h1 #ad ff47 ,we h ?irte5 lett]s ( ,paul1 ?ree ( ,john1 besides ! ,revelation1 "o ( ,james1 & "o ( ,jude4 ,! /ate ( ! ,*ur*1 its affairs & developm5t1 are ! subject-matt] ( all ^! writ+s1 b n "o ( !m reveals ! pop$om ( ,pet]4 ,yea1 ,pet] himself has writt5 two epi/les & appe>s utt]ly ignorant ( ! fact t ! ,"l _h creat$ him ,8 viceg]5t & ! visible head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,ca?olic argum5t = ! ,god-giv5 supremacy ( _! ,pope1 h[ev]1 becomes p]fectly reckless :5 we be> 9 m9d t _! bann] text speaks only ( ,pet]1 b says no?+ at all ab\t ,pet]'s successors4 ,if ,pet] possess$ ! supremacy t ,ca?olics claim = him1 h[ & by :at "r did he dispose ( x at 8 dea?8 ,h[ did ?is p[] become atta*$ to ,rome8 ,on all ^! que/ions ! ,bible is sil5t4 ,ca?olics con/ruct a skilful argum5t f fragm5t>y & d\btful hi/orical records1 :i* are n ,god's ,^w1 to %[ t ,pet] *ore ,rome z 8 episcopal see1 & !re) transf]r$ 8 primacy = all "t to ?is place4 ,to fabricate a dogma t is to be b9d+ on ! consci5ces ( all ,*ri/ians 9 su* a way is d>+ impud5ce4 ,! dev\t ,ca?olic mu/ close 8 eyes to all hi/ory if he is to believe t ,*ri/ really appo9t$ a ,pope4 ,:5 he reads ! hi/ory ( ! ,popes1 & comes to ! p]iod ( ! papal s*ism1 :5 ! ,*ur* _h n only "o1 b two visible heads1 "o resid+ at ,rome1 ! o!r at ,avignon1 yea1 :5 he reads ( ?ree conte/ants = papal honors1 & beholds ! ,*ur* z a tricephal\s mon/]1 he mu/ /op ?9k+4 ,lu!r reg>d$ ! papacy z ! mo/ mon/r\s fraud t has be5 practis$ on ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 its gradual & p]si/5t developm5t & ! success ) :i* x has ma9ta9$ itself ?r\gh all rev]ses1 x impresses "o z some?+ uncanny4 ,x requires m ?an human wil9ess to orig9ate1 fo/]1 p]fect1 & support su* a ?or\ghly unbiblical & anti*ri/ian in/itution4 ,lu!r spoke ( ! papal deception z "o ( ! signs =ebod+ ! end ( ! _w4 ,he has n spok5 9 delicate t]ms ( ! ,popes4 ,8 mo/ virul5t utt]ances are direct$ aga9/ ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/ at ,rome4 ,he traces ! papacy to diabolical orig94 ,:5 he lays b>e ! %ock+ p]v]sions ( reveal$ tru?s ( :i* ,rome has be5 guilty1 & talks ab\t ! f\l practises ( ! ,popes & _! c\rtesans1 ,lu!r's language becomes appall+4 ,9 a s]ies ( tw5ty-six c>toons ,lu!r's fri5d ,crana* depict$ ! rule ( ,*ri/ & ,anti*ri/4 ,! s]ies 0 publi%$ "u ! title ,passional ,*ri/i und ,anti*ri/i4 7#ad1 #ahd ff47 ,by plac+ alongside ( "o ano!r sc5es f ! life ( ! ,"l & sc5es f ! lives ( ! ,popes1 ! arti/ display$ v effectually ! contra/ betwe5 ! true religion :i* ! ,r$eem] _h taught m5 by ,8 ,^w & example1 & ! false religi\sness :i* 0 repres5t$ by ! papacy4 ,on ! "o side 0 humility1 on ! o!r1 pride2 pov]ty 0 %[n 9 contra/ ) weal?2 meekness 0 plac$ ov] & aga9/ arrogance1 etc4 ,at a glance ! p saw ! *asm t yawn$ betwe5 ! prea*+ & practise ( ,jesus & t ( ,8 pret5d$ repres5tative & vic>1 & !y v]ifi$ ! pictures %[+ ! ,pope 9 v>i\s attitudes f _! own exp]i5ce4 ,^! c>toons became v popul>1 & h ma9ta9$ _! popul>ity till ! mo/ rec5t times4 ,dur+ ! ,kulturkampf :i* ! ,g]man gov]nm5t "u ,bism>ck wag$ aga9/ ! aggressive policy ( ! ,vatican1 ! ,g]man pa9t] ,h(mann issu$ a new edition ( ! ,passionale1 & ,emp]or ,william ,i s5t a copy to ! ,pope ) a w>n+ lett]4 ,ca?olics compla9 ab\t ! rud5ess & na/9ess ( ^! c>toons & o!rs t foll[$4 ,lu!r is suppos$ to h furni%$ ! rhymes & descriptive matt] :i* accompani$ !m4 ,la!r is also cit$ z utt]+ mo/ repulsive & scurril\s s5tim5ts ab\t ! ,pope4 ,:at are we to say ab\t ?is antipapal viol5ce ( ,lu!r8 ,c]ta9ly1 x is n a pleasant subject4 ,we are 9 ?is in/ance fac+ ess5tially ! same situation z t :i* confront$ u :5 we /udi$ ,lu!r's co>s5ess 7*ap4 #e71 & all t 0 said 9 t connection applies ) equal =ce to ! subject n[ be=e u4 ,"o may deplore ! necessity ( ^! passionate outbur/s ev] s mu*1 b :5 all ! evid5ce 9 ! case has be5 ga!r$ & ! jury beg9s to sift ! evid5ce & weigh ! argum5ts on ei!r side1 !re is at ! wor/ a drawn jury4 ,all :o h truly s\nd$ ! my/]y ( iniquity :i* has be5 set up 9 ! ,*ur* by ! papacy w affirm ,lu!r's s5tim5ts ab\t ! ,pope z true4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to po9t out c]ta9 facts t may be reg>d$ z additional argum5t to :at 0 said 9 *ap4 #e4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! c>toon is a recogniz$ weapon 9 polemics4 ,! /ruggle ( ! ,prote/ants aga9/ ! ,pope 0 n altoge!r a religi\s & spiritual "o2 political matt]s 7 discuss$ toge!r ) affairs ( religion at e ,g]man diet 9 ^? days4 ,! age 0 rude & l>gely illit]ate4 ,_m :o c\ld nev] h made any s5se out ( a page ( pr9t$ matt]1 v easily und]/ood a picture4 ,x convey$ tru?ful in=mation1 ?\gh 9 a =m t hurt1 z c>toons usually d1 & x r\s$ a heal?y s5tim5t aga9/ a v malignant evil 9 ! ,*ur* & 9 ! body politic4 ,if ! ,popes w\ld keep out ( politics1 !y & _! foll[]s w\ld enjoy m quiet n]ves4 ,9 ! second place1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! claim ( papal supremacy is no small & innoc5t matt]4 ,! ,popes wre/$ to !mselves ! supreme spiritual & temporal p[] 9 ! _w4 ,!y pret5d$ to be ! cu/odians ( heav51 ! directors ( purgatory1 & ! lords ( ! e>?4 ,across ! hi/ory ( ! _w 9 ! era ( ,lu!r is writt5 9 all directions ! "o ^w ,,rome4 ,x is ,rome at ! alt> sw++ ! c5s]1 ,rome 9 ! panoply ( battle /orm+ tr5*es & /eep+ h] h&s 9 gore1 ,rome 9 ! c\ncils ( k+s1 ,rome 9 ! halls ( guilds1 ,rome 9 ! boo? ( ! trad] at a t[n-fair1 ,rome 9 ! judge's seat1 ,rome 9 ! pr(essor's *air1 ,rome receiv+ ambassadors f1 & dispat*+ nuncios to1 =eign c\rts1 ,rome dictat+ treaties to nations & arrang+ ! cook's m5u1 ,rome label+ ! huck/]'s c>t & ! v9tn]'s crop1 ,rome levy+ a tax ^u ! nuptial b$1 ,rome exact+ toll at ! gate ( heav54 ,out ( ! wreck ( ! imp]ial ,rome ( ! ,caes>s has ris5 papal ,rome4 ,once m1 ?\gh ?r\gh diff]5t ag5ts1 ! ,city ( ! ,sev5 ,hills is rul+ an orbis t]r>um ,romanus1 a ,roman _w-empire4 ,! rule ext5ds ?r\gh ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s4 ,h[ deftly d cunn+ prie/s manipulate e means at _! comm& to increase _! p[]6 ,le>n+1 weal?1 beauty1 art1 piety1--ev]y?+ is us$ z an asset 9 ! ambiti\s game = absolute supremacy :i* ! mit]$ viceg]5t ( ,*ri/ is play+ aga9/ ! _w4 ,rome's anci5t pontifex maximus --! pagan high prie/ ( ! ,rome be=e ,*ri/--_h be5 a tool ( ! consuls & ! ,caes>s2 ! new pontiff makes ! ,caes>s 8 tools4 ,pr9ces kiss 8 feet & hold ! /irrup = him z he m\nts 8 b$iz5$ palfrey4 ,an emp]or /&s b>efoot 9 ! sn[ ( ! ,pope's c\rty>d su+ p>don = hav+ d>$ to gov]n )\t ! ,pope's sanction4--,! =e/s ( ,g]many are rev]b]at+ ) ! bl[s ( axes :i* ,rome's mission>ies wield aga9/ ,don>'s ,oaks4 ,! sanctu>ies ( pagan ,g]many are raz$4 ,out ( ! wood ( idols crucifixes are erect$ along ! highways4 ,*apels & abbeys & ca!drals rise :]e ! auro*s 0 hunt$4 ,/urdy b>b>ians b5d ! knee at ! %r9es ( sa9ts4 ,ho/s set out to see ! l& :]e ! ,"l _h walk$ & suff]$1 & brave all dang]s & h>d%ips to wre/ its possession f infidel h&s4 ,b at ! place :]e all ^! activities c5t]1 & :5ce !y are be+ f$1 a %ock+ abom9ation is se53 ,v5us is wor%ip$1 & ,bac*us1 & ,m]curius1 & ,m>s1 :ile :ite-rob$ *oirs *ant praises to ! "m ( ,god1 & cl\ds ( inc5se are waft$ skyw>d4 ,"h is a my/]y--a my/]y ( iniquity3 ! son ( p]dition 9 ! temple ( ,god6 ,pr\d1 haughty ,rome1 weal?y1 wick$ & wanton1 is fill+ up h] measure ( wra? aga9/ ! day ( retribution4--,we are n[ s f> remov$ f ^! sc5es t !y seem unreal2 9 ,lu!r's days !y 7 decid$ly real4 ,rome's aggressiv5ess has be5 p]ceptibly *eck$ dur+ ! la/ f\r c5turies2 9 ,lu!r's days papal pret5sions 7 a m =midable proposition4 ,human arrogance may be said to h rea*$ its limit 9 ! papacy4 ,! ,pope is practically a ,god on e>?4 ,sitt+ 9 ! temple ( ,god z ,god1 he is %[+ himself t he is ,god 7#b ,!ss4 #b1 #d74 ,he has be5 address$ by 8 foll[]s 9 t]ms ( ! ,deity4 ,:5 ! ,pope ?9ks1 x is ,god ?9k+1 wrote ! papal organ ( ,rome1 ! ,civilta ,cattolica1 9 #ahfi4 ,he has ass]t$ ! "r to make laws = ,*ri/ians1 & to disp5se ) ! laws ( ! ,almighty4 ,al?\gh ?is seem$ a sup]flu\s proce$+1 he decl>$ himself infallible on ,july #ah1 #ahgj4 ,"u a gl[]+ sky1 z if ,heav5 fr[n$ angrily at ! ,pope's attempt1 ,plus ,,ix _h ent]$ ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,z a second ,moses he m\nt$ ! papal ?rone to read ! ,con/itution ,aet]nus ,pat]1 ! docum5t 9 :i* he made ! foll[+ claims3 ,canon ,,iii3 ,if any "o says t ! ,roman ,pontiff has only au?ority to inspect & direct1 b n pl5>y & supreme au?ority ( jurisdiction ov] ! entire ,*ur*1 n only 9 matt]s :i* relate to fai? & morals1 b also 9 matt]s t belong to ! discipl9e & gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur* scatt]$ ?r\gh ! :ole e>?2 or t he has only ! m em95t "p ( su* au?ority1 b n ! full pl5itude ( ?is supreme au?ority2 or t ?is au?ority ( 8 is n 8 ord9>y au?ority :i* he holds f no int]m$i>y1 & t x does n ext5d ov] all *ur*es & e s+le "o ( !m1 ov] all pa/ors & e s+le "o ( !m1 ov] all ! fai?ful & e s+le "o ( !m1 --let him be accurs$6 ,canon ,,iv3 ,) ! approval ( ! ,sacr$ ,c\ncil we tea* & decl>e x to be a dogma reveal$ f heav5 t ! ,roman ,pontiff1 :5 he speaks ex ca!dra1 t is1 :51 9 accordance ) 8 supreme apo/olic au?ority1 be dis*>ges 8 (fice z ,pa/or & ,tea*] ( all ,*ri/ians1 & def9es a doctr9e relat+ to ! fai? or morals :i* is to be embrac$ by ! entire ,*ur*1 he is1 by div9e assi/ance promis$ to him 9 ! bless$ ,pet]1 ve/$ ) t infallibility ) :i* ! div9e ,r$eem] desir$ ,8 ,*ur* to be end[$ 9 def9+ ! doctr9e ( fai? & morals2 & t = ?is reason su* def9itions ( ! ,roman ,pontiff are 9 _! v nature1 n1 h[ev]1 by reason ( ! cons5t ( ! ,*ur*1 un*angeable4 ,if--:i* ,god may av]t6--any "o %\ld presume to contradict ?is def9ition ( ours1--let him be accurs$6 ,amid fla%es ( lightn+ & peals ( ?und] ?is docum5t 0 read to a c\ncil ^: memb]%ip _h %runk dur+ sev5 mon?s ( delib]ation f #gfg to #edg att5dants1--#bgg qualifi$ memb]s _h nev] put 9 an appe>ance1--& ( ^! all b two _h be5 c[$ into abject submission4 ,:5 "o recalls sc5es l ^!1 & rememb]s t ,ca?olic tea*+ on ju/ification attacks ! v he>t ( ,*ri/ianity1 any?+ t ,lu!r has said ab\t ! ,popes appe>s mild4 ,su* heav5-/orm+ & ,god-defy+ arrogance des]ves to be dragg$ ?r\gh ! mire--) apologies to ! mire4 #ba4 ,lu!r ! ,translator ( ! ,bible4 ,a viol5t attack ^u ,lu!r by ,ca?olic writ]s is caus$ by ! admiration :i* ,prote/ants manife/ = ,lu!r because he translat$ ! ,bible into ,g]man4 ,ca?olics1 ( c\rse1 _c d5y t ,lu!r did translate ! ,bible1 & t 8 translation is /ill a *]i%$ treasure ( ,prote/ants2 b 9 ord] to belittle ?is a*ievem5t ( ,lu!r1 :i* inflict$ incalculable damage on ,rome1 !y talk ab\t ,lu!r's unfitness = ! "w ( ,bible-translation & ab\t ! unw>rant$ lib]ties ,lu!r took ) ! ,bible4 ,^! writ]s claim t ,lu!r 01 9 ! fir/ place1 morally unfit to und]take ! translation ( ! ,bible4 ,to %[ to :at desp]ate means ,lu!r's ,ca?olic critics w resort 9 ord] to make out a case aga9/ him1 we note t "o ( ! mo/ rec5t disp>ag]s ( ,lu!r in=ms ! public t ,lu!r's orig9al "n _h be5 ,lud]4 ,?is "n conveys ! idea ( c>rion1 bea/1 l[ sc\ndrel4 ,:5 ,lu!r began to translate ! ,bible1 we are told1 he *ang$ 8 "n into ,squire ,george4 ,once be=e ?is1 at ! "t ( 8 ent]+ ! univ]sity1 ,ca?olics note t he *ang$ 8 "n f ,lud] to ,lu$]4 ,b ^! *anges ( 8 "n1 !y say1 did n improve 8 "*4 ,we are told t1 :ile ,lu!r 0 engag$ ^u ! "w ( r5d]+ ! ,bible into ,g]man1 he 0 consum$ ) fle%ly lu/ & giv5 to laz9ess4 ,lu!r's own /atem5ts 9 lett]s to fri5ds are cit$ to corroborate ?is ass]tion4 ,! conclusion :i* we are to draw f ^! facts is ?is3 ,su* a corrupt p]son c\ld n possibly be a prop] in/rum5t = ! ,holy ,_s to employ 9 s pi\s an und]tak+ z ! translation ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,ca?olics %\ld be rem9d$ t !y misquote ! book ( matriculation 9 :i* ! /ud5ts at ,erfurt sign$ _! names on ent]+ ! univ]sity4 ,lu!r's signature is n ,lu$] b ,ludh]4 ,o!r =ms ( ! "n ,lud] & ,lu$] occur else:]e4 ,b 9 any =m ! "n has a m honorable d]ivation & mean+ ?an ,ca?olic writ]s are incl9$ to give x4 ,x is d]iv$ f ,lui!r1 :i* means z mu* z ,p's ,man1 7 d] ,leute ,h]r74 ,ano!r well-kn[n =m ( ! same "n is ,lo?>1 :i* "s1 trac+ ! d]ivation /ill fur!r1 d]ive f ! old ,g]man ,*lota*>1 :i* means z mu* z l\dly hail$ among ! army 7 hluit1 l\d1 & *>i1 army74 ,respectable s*ol>s to-day s expla9 ! "n ,lu!r4 ,at ! ,w>tburg1 :]e ,lu!r 0 an exile = t5 mon?s1 8 "n 0 *ang$ by ! w>d5 ( ! ca/le1 ,c\nt von ,b]leps*4 ,?is 0 done ! bett] to conceal 8 id5tity f ! h5*m5 ( ,rome1 :o by ! imp]ial edict ( outlawry _h be5 giv5 lib]ty to hunt ,lu!r & slay him :]e !y f\nd him4 ,! sexual condition ( ,lu!r dur+ ! ye>s be=e 8 m>riage 0 ! normal condition ( any heal?y "y man at 8 age4 ,lu!r speaks ( ?is matt] z a p]son n[adays w\ld speak ab\t x to 8 physician or to a close fri5d4 ,! matt] to :i* he ref]s is 9 itself p]fectly pure3 x is an appeal ( nature4 ,d ,lu!r's ,ca?olic critics mean to inf] t ,lu!r 0 ! only monk1 !n or n[1 t felt ?is call :i* human nature issues by ! ord9ation ( ! ,creator8 ,rome c inflict celibacy ev5 on prie/s t look l /all-f$ ox51 b %e _c unsex m54 ,mohamm$ans are less inhuman to _! eunu*s4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ,lu!r compla9s ( ?is matt] z some?+ t di/urbs him4 ,x vex$ 8 pure m9d1 & he f\ght aga9/ x z n _m monks ( 8 day h done1 by fa/+1 pray]1 & h>d "w4 ,yes1 h>d "w6 ,! rem>ks ( ,lu!r ab\t 8 physical condition are simply twi/$ f _! true import :5 ,lu!r is repres5t$ z a victim ( fle%ly lu/ & a habitual debau*ee4 ,lu!r's ,ca?olic critics fail to m5tion t dur+ 8 brief /ay at ! ,w>tburg ,lu!r n only translat$ ! great] "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b also wrote ab\t a doz5 treatises1 "s ( !m ( consid]able size1 & t ( 8 correspond5ce dur+ ?is p]iod ab\t fifty lett]s are /ill pres]v$4 ,surely1 a fairly respectable record = a lazy man6 ,ca?olic writ]s also decl>e ,lu!r spiritually unfit = translat+ ! ,bible4 ,!y say t all ! "t t ,lu!r sp5t at ! ,w>tburg he 0 haunt$ by ! devil4 ,he w\ld he> /range noises & see weird %ad[s flit be=e him4 ,he felt t he _h come "u ! sway ( ! p[]s ( d>kness4 ,?is1 we are assur$1 0 because he _h ris5 9 rebellion aga9/ ! div9e p[] ( ! papacy4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r :om he _h attack$ 0 be+ av5g$ ^u ,lu!r by an accus+ consci5ce4 ,lu!r 0 giv5 a =eta/e ( ! t]rors t await ! reprobate4 ,he _h become an incipi5t demoniac4 ,! inf]5ce :i* we are to draw f ?is delightful description is ?is3 ,c\ld su* an ab&on$ wret* z ,lu!r 0 dur+ ! exile at ! ,w>tburg be favor$ ) ! holy calm & composure & ! heav5ly light :i* any p]son mu/ possess :o sets out ^u ! ardu\s task ( tell+ m5 9 _! own tongue :at ,god has said to !m 9 a =eign tongue8 ,!re is h>dly a p]iod 9 ,lu!r's life t is entirely free f spiritual affliction4 ,9 ?is respect ,lu!r %>es ! common lot ( godly m5 9 responsible positions 9 ,*ur* or ,/ate dur+ critical times4 ,moreov]1 ,lu!r ) all ,*ri/ians believ$ 9 a p]sonal & incessantly active devil4 ,lu!r's devil 0 n ! d5atur$ metaphysical & sci5tific devil ( mod]n times1 :i* meets u 9 ! =m ( ! pr9ciple ( negation1 or logical contradiction1 or a demoraliz+ t5d5cy & influ5ce1 b an en]getic devil1 possess$ ( an intellig5ce & w ( 8 own1 & go+ ab\t z a ro>+ lion1 seek+ :om he may dev\r4 ,lu!r accept$ ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible t ?is devil is relat$ to m5's s9n+1 t m5 c be made to d1 & are do+1 8 w1 & are l$ ab\t by ! devil l slaves4 ,lu!r knew t = ,8 own reasons ,god p]mits ! devil to afflict ,8 *ildr51 z happ5$ to ,job & ,paul4 ,add to ?is ! reaction t mu/ h set 9 aft] ,lu!r _h quitt$ ! /irr+ sc5es & ! sev]e ordeals ?r\gh :i* he _h pass$ be=e ! imp]ial c\rt at ,worms4 ,9 ! sil5ce & solitude ( 8 seclud$ asylum 9 ! ,?ur+ian ,=e/ ! rec5t ev5ts 9 :i* he _h be5 a pr9cipal actor pass$ 9 review be=e 8 m9d1 & he began to spell out _m a grave & om9\s mean+ f !m4 ,if x is true t ! devil loves to f9d a lonely man1 "h 0 8 *ance4 ,& if ! devil ev] _h mat]ial int]e/s at /ake 9 attack+ a p>ticul> p]son1 he made no mi/ake 9 assail+ ?is isolat$ monk1 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 9 8 mom5ts ( brood+ & depression4 ,la/ly1 ,lu!r's physical condition at ! ,w>tburg mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,tra9$ to frugal habits 9 ! cloi/] & habituat$ to fa/s & mortification ( ! fle%1 ,lu!r f\nd ! new mode ( liv+ :i* he 0 compell$ to adopt uncong5ial4 ,he 0 ! gue/ ( a pr9ce & 0 treat$ l a nobleman4 ,! ri* & abundant food t 0 s]v$ him 0 a disa/r\s diet = him1 ev5 ?\gh he did n yield ov]mu* to 8 appetite4 ,he compla9s 9 8 lett]s to fri5ds dur+ ! ,w>tburg p]iod ab\t 8 physical di/ress1 *iefly con/ipation1 to :i* he 0 con/itutionally prone4 ,b aft] all ^! elem5ts h be5 not$1 x mu/ be /at$ t ! reports ab\t diabolical visitations to :i* ,lu!r 0 subject at ! ,w>tburg are ov]drawn = a purpose by ,ca?olics4 ,lu!r's ref]5ces to ?is matt] 9 8 lett]s writt5 at ! "t sugge/ only spiritual conflicts1 b no physical contact ) ! devil4 ,rem9isc5ces ( 8 fir/ exile :i* he relates at a mu* lat] p]iod to ! gue/s at 8 table are also exagg]at$4 ,^! s\l-battles1 f> f unfitt+ him = ! "w ( translat+ ! ,bible1 7 r a f9e tra9+-s*ool ?r\gh :i* ,god put ,8 humble s]vant1 & help$ him to und]/& ! sacr$ text ov] :i* he sat por+ 9 deep m$itation4 ,la/ly1 ,ca?olic critics h pron\nc$ ,lu!r intellectually disqualifi$ = translat+ ! ,bible4 ,8 ,greek s*ol>%ip1 !y say1 0 poor4 ,he _h b>ely begun to /udy t language4 ,x /&s to reason t 8 translation mu/ be v faulty4 ,!y also emphasize ! rapidity ) :i* ,lu!r work$4 ,! translation ( ! entire ,new ,te/am5t 0 complet$ betwe5 ,decemb] #h1 #aeba1 & ,septemb] #bb ! foll[+ ye>4 7,x w be rememb]$ t ,lu!r _h return$ to ,witt5b]g 9 ! fir/ days ( ,m>*1 #aebb1 & all ?r\gh ! spr+ & summ] ( t ye> 0 busily engag$1 ) ! aid ( fri5ds1 on 8 ,g]man ,new ,te/am5t47 ,f9ally1 ,ca?olics1 9 _! ef=ts to belittle ,lu!r's works1 h claim$ t he plagi>iz$ a ,g]man translation already 9 exi/5ce1 ! s-call$ ,codex ,tepl5sis4 ,x seems a m]e wa/e ( "t to answ] ^! criticisms4 ,!y rem9d "o ( a sc5e 9 ! life ( ,columbus3 ! le>n$ ,ca?olic div9es ( ,salamanca _h to _! own satisfaction r\t$ ! bold navigator ) _! argum5ts t he c\ld n possibly />t out by 8 propos$ r\te4 ,no d\bt1 "s ( !m cont5d$ t he nev] made 8 fam\s voyage ev5 aft] 8 return4 ,:at pr(it c !re be 9 argu+ ! impossibility ( a ?+ :5 ! reality confronts y8 ,lu!r's translation is be=e ! _w2 ev]ybody :o kn[s ,greek c comp>e x ) ! orig9al text4 ,! ,tepl5sian translation1 too1 c be look$ into4 ,9 fact1 all ?is has be5 done by compet5t s*ol>s1 & ,lu!r's translation has be5 pron\nc$ a ma/]piece4 ,n only does x reproduce ! orig9al text fai?fully1 b x speaks a good & correct ,g]man4 ,lu!r's translation ( ! ,bible is n[ reg>d$ z "o ( ! classics ( ,g]man lit]ature4 ,x is true t ! philological atta9m5ts ( ! _w h increas$ s9ce ,lu!r1 & t improvem5ts 9 8 translations h be5 sugge/$1 b !y d n affect any ess5tial tea*+ ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,bible comm5tators to-day are /ill cit+ ,lu!r's r5d]+ z an au?ority4 ,! movem5t rec5tly />t$ 9 ,g]many to replace ,lu!r's translation by a mod]n "o des]ves little consid]ation because x orig9at$ 9 qu>t]s t are pr(ess$ly ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ?+s 9 ,lu!r's ,g]man ,bible :i* vex ,ca?olics mo/ are 9 ! orig9al ,greek text4 ,lu!r did n manufacture !m1 he m]ely reproduc$ !m4 ,x is ! fact t ,lu!r made x possible = ,g]mans to see :at is really 9 ! ,bible t hurts4 ,to please ! ,ca?olics1 ,lu!r %\ld n h translat$ ! ,bible at all4 ,! tru? ( ?is rem>k is readily se5 :5 "o exam9es specific exceptions :i* ,ca?olics h tak5 to ,lu!r's translation4 ,!y f9d fault ) ,lu!r's translation ( ! angel's address to ,m>y3 ,du ,holdselige1 t is1 ,?\ graci\s "o1 or well-favor$ "o4 ,! ,ca?olics dem& t ?is t]m %\ld be r5d]$ full ( grace1 because 9 _! belief ,m>y is really ! *ief disp5s] ( grace4 ,!y compla9 t 9 ,matt4 #c1 #b ,lu!r has r5d]$ ! ,bapti/'s call3 ,tut ,busse1 t is1 ,rep5t1 in/ead (1 ,d p5ance4 ,!y fault ,lu!r = translat+ 9 ,acts #ai1 #ah3 ,und v]ku5digt51 0 sie ausg]i*tet hatt51 t is1 ,!y report$ :at !y _h accompli%$4 ,ca?olics reg>d ?is text z a /ronghold = _! doctr9e ( confession1 especially = t "p ( x :i* makes satisfaction by works ( p5ance a "p ( confession2 !y insi/ t ! text mu/ be r5d]$3 ,!y decl>$ _! de$s1 t is1 ! works :i* !y _h p]=m$ by ord] ( _! confessors4 ,ca?olics *>ge ,lu!r ) hav+ ins]t$ a ^w 9 ,rom4 #d1 #ae1 :i* he translates3 ,das ,gesetz ri*tet nur ,zorn an1 t is1 ,! law worke? only wra?1 or no?+ b wra?4 ,!y object to ! ^w only1 because 9 _! view man c by 8 own natural p[]s make himself love ! ,law4 ,!y set up a great hue & cry ab\t ano!r ins]tion 9 ,rom4 #c1 #bh1 :i* ,lu!r translates3 ,s halt5 wir es nun1 dass d] ,m5s* g]e*t w]de ohne des ,gesetzes ,w]k'1 alle9 dur* d5 ,glaub51 t is1 ,we conclude1 !re=e1 t a man is ju/ifi$ )\t ! de$s ( ! ,law1 by fai? alone2 !y object to ! ^w alone1 because 9 _! tea*+ ju/ification is by fai? plus works4 ,x is kn[n t !re are translations be=e ,lu!r :i* conta9 ! same ins]tion4 ,on ?is ins]tion ,lu!r des]ves to be he>d himself4 ,i knew full well1 he says1 t 9 ! ,lat9 & ,greek texts ( ,rom4 #c1 #bh ! ^w solum 7alone7 does n occur1 & !re 0 no ne$ ( ! papi/s tea*+ me t4 ,true1 ^! f\r lett]s sola1 at :i* ! dunces />e z a c[ at a new b>n-door1 are n 9 ! text4 ,b !y d n see t !y express ! mean+ ( ! text1 & !y mu/ be ins]t$ if we wi% to cle>ly & =cibly translate ! text4 ,:5 ,i und]took to translate ! ,bible into ,g]man1 my aim 0 to speak ,g]man1 n ,lat9 or ,greek4 ,n[1 x is a peculi>ity ( our ,g]man language1 :5ev] a /atem5t is made reg>d+ two ?+s1 "o ( :i* is affirm$ :ile ! o!r is negativ$1 to add ! ^w solum1 'alone1' to ! ^w 'n' or 'none4' ,z1 = in/ance3 ,! peasant br+s only gra91 & no money4 ,aga93 ,inde$1 ,i h no money n[1 b only gra94 ,z yet ,i h only eat51 & n drunk4 ,h y only writt51 & n read :at y h writt58 ,innum]able in/ances ( ?is k9d are 9 daily usage4 ,:ile ! ,lat9 or ! ,greek language does n d ?is1 ! ,g]man has ?is peculi>ity1 t 9 all /atem5ts ( ?is k9d x adds ! ^w 'only' 7or 'alone'71 9 ord] to express ! negation completely & cle>ly4 ,=1 ?\gh ,i may say3 ,! peasant br+s gra9 & no money1 /ill ! expression 'no money' is n z p]fect & pla9 z :5 ,i say3 ,! peasant br+s gra9 only1 & no money4 ,?us ! ^w 'alone' or 'only' helps ! ^w 'no' to become a complete1 cle> ,g]man /atem5t4 ,:5 y wi% to speak ,g]man1 y mu/ n consult ! lett]s 9 ! ,lat9 language1 z ^! dunces are do+1 b y mu/ inquire ( a "m h[ %e talks to h] *ildr51 ( ! *ildr5 h[ !y talk to ea* o!r on ! /reet1 ( ! common p on ! m>ket-place4 ,wat* !m h[ !y frame _! spee*1 & make y\r translation accord+ly1 & !y w und]/& x & "k t "s "o is speak+ ,g]man to !m4 ,= in/ance1 ,*ri/ says3 ,ex abundantia cordis os loquitur4 ,if ,i 7 to foll[ ! dunces1 ,i w\ld h to spell out ^? words & translate3 ',aus dem ,ueb]fluss des ,h]z5s r$et d] ,mund6' ,tell me1 w\ld t be ,g]man8 ,:at ,g]man w\ld und]/& t8 ,:at sort ( ?+ is 'abundance ( he>t 7,ueb]fluss des ,h]z5s7' 8 ,no ,g]man p]son c\ld expla9 t1 unless he 7 to say t1 possibly1 ! p]son _h enl>gem5t ( ! he>t1 or too mu* he>t4 ,& t w\ld n be ! correct mean+4 ',ueb]fluss des ,h]z5s' is n ,g]man1 z little z x is ,g]man to say ',ueb]fluss des ,hauses 7abundance ( h\se71 ,ueb]fluss des ,ka*el(5s 7abundance ( tile-ov571 ,ueb]fluss d] ,bank 7abundance ( b5*74' ,?is is ! way ! "m speaks to h] *ildr5 & ! common p to "o ano!r3 ',wes das ,h]z voll i/1 des gehet d] ,mund ueb]4' ,t is ! way to speak good ,g]man4 ,t is :at ,i h endeavor$ to d1 b ,i did n succe$ nor a*ieve my aim 9 all in/ances4 ,lat9 t]ms are an exce$+ly great h9drance to "o :o wi%es to talk good ,g]man4 7#ai1 #igd47 ,9 insi/+ on ! pr9ciple t a translation mu/ reproduce ! exact ?\ght ( a language1 t idiomatic utt]ances ( ! "o language mu/ be replac$ by simil> utt]ances 9 ! o!r1 & t ! g5ius ( bo? ! language f :i* & ! "o into :i* ! translation is made mu/ be obs]v$ by ! translator1 ,lu!r has e rhetoric & gramm> on 8 side4 ,^? :o f9d fault ) him on ?is score des]ve no bett] titles ?an ^? :i* he appli$ to !m1 all ! m because he knew ! true reason ( _! faultf9d+4 ,! ,ca?olic *>ges ( ,bible p]v]sion aga9/ ,lu!r fl[1 n f a k ( good gramm>1 b f bad !ology4 ,lu!r 01 ( c\rse1 fundam5tally 9 error accord+ to ! op9ion ( ,ca?olics by n mak+ 8 translation f ! approv$ & au?oriz$ ,lat9 ,vulgate1 ! (ficial ,ca?olic ,bible1 b f ! ,greek orig9al4 ,to return favor = favor1 we %all note a few places :]e ,ca?olics might br+ _! own ,bible into bett] h>mony ) ! orig9al text4 ,9 ,g54 #c1 #ae _! translation reads3 ,%e %all cru% ?y head1 & ?\ %alt lie 9 wait = h] heel4 ,?is r5d]+ has be5 adopt$ 9 ord] to enable !m to ref] ?is primeval prophecy ( ! future ,r$eem] to ,m>y4 ,g54 #d1 #ac !y h r5d]$3 ,my iniquity is great] ?an t ,i may des]ve p>don4 ,?is is to favor _! tea*+ ( ju/ification on ! basis ( m]it4 ,! r5d]+ ,speak n mu* = ,use n va9 repetitions 9 ,matt4 #f1 #g weak5s ! =ce ( ! ,"l's w>n+4 ,9 ,rom4 #ad1 #e ! ,ca?olic ,bible tells its read]s3 ,let e man ab\nd 9 8 own s5se1 :atev] ! s5se ( t direction may be4 ,:at ! apo/le really means is3 ,let e man be fully p]suad$ 9 8 own m9d4 ,9 ,gal4 #c1 #bd ! ,ca?olic ,bible calls ! ,law our p$agog 9 ,*ri/2 ! correct r5d]+ is3 our s*oolma/] to br+ u unto ,*ri/4 ,9 ! ,ca?olic ,bible ! foll[+ rem>kable ev5t takes place 9 ,luke #af1 #bb3 ,! ri* man also di$3 & he 0 buri$ 9 hell4 ,! pall-be>]s1 fun]al director1 & m\rn]s at ^! obsequies des]ve a d\ble portion ( our sympa?y4 ,9 ,acts #b1 #db we are told t ! disciples at ,j]usalem 7 p]sev]+ 9 ! communication ( ! break+ ( ! bread4 ,! la/ v]se 9 ,galatians1 *ap4 #d1 is made to read3 ,s !n1 bre?r51 we are n ! *ildr5 ( ! bondwoman1 b ( ! free3 by ! fre$om :]e) ,*ri/ has made u free4 ,! next *apt] beg9s3 ,/& fa/1 etc4 ,lu!r has express$ op9ions ( c]ta9 books ( ! ,bible :i* "q _! div9e au?or%ip4 ,^! op9ions are be+ assidu\sly canvass$ by ,ca?olic writ]s to prove t ,lu!r accept$ only su* portions ( ! ,bible z suit$ 8 purpose1 & reject$ all ! re/ z spuri\s4 ,he is said to h arrogat$ to himself ! au?ority to decl>e any book ( ! ,scriptures inspir$ or n inspir$1 & is1 !re=e1 ju/ly reg>d$ z ! fa!r ( ! high] criticism ( mod]n times1 :i* has tak5 ! ,bible to pieces & de/roy$ its p[]4 ,b ,ca?olic writ]s fail to /ate t ! unc]ta9ty :i* ,lu!r occasionally manife/s reg>d+ ! div9e orig9 & au!nticity ( c]ta9 books ( ! ,bible is due to ! confusion :i* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has creat$ by decree+ t ! apocryphal books %all be consid]$ on a p> ) ! canonical writ+s ( ! ,bible4 ,sett+ aside ! v]dict ( ! anci5t ,*ur*1 & ev5 ( _! fam\s *ur*-fa!r ,j]ome1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has by an arbitr>y decree rul$ ! foll[+ books into ! ,bible3 #a ,esdras1 #b ,esdras1 ,tobit1 ,judi?1 ,! ,re/ ( ,e/h]1 ,! ,wisdom ( ,solomon1 ,ecclesia/icus 7,sira*71 ,b>u*1 ) ! ,epi/le ( ,j]emiah1 ,! ,song ( ! ,?ree ,holy ,*ildr51 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,susanna1 ,bel & ! ,dragon1 ,! ,pray] ( ,manasses1 #a & #b ,maccabees4 ,^! writ+s are call$ apocrypha because _! div9e orig9 is 9 d\bt4 ,scrupul\sly c>eful to keep ! div9ely inspir$ writ+s sep>ate f all o!r writ+s1 no matt] h[ godly _! cont5ts might seem to be1 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,old ,cov5ant exclud$ ^! writ+s f ! canon1 t is1 f ! li/ ( fully accr$it$ inspir$ writ+s4 ,besides1 9 ! ,ca?olic ,bible 9 ,lu!r's days !re 7 apocryphal portions ins]t$ 9 canonical writ+s l ,e/h]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 /udies ,lu!r le>n$ t c]ta9 writ+s 9 ! ,ca?olic ,bible repres5t$ z ,biblical 7 no "p ( ! ,bible4 ,act+ ^u ! direction :i* ! ,"l gave to ! ,jews3 ,se>* ! ,scriptures 4 4 4 !y are !y :i* te/ify ( ,me 7,john #e1 #ci71 he consid]$ ?is a good te/ ( ! g5u95ess ( any portion ( ! ,bible1 viz41 t x convey$ to him k ( ,*ri/ & ! way ( salvation4 ,! ,bible1 he held1 c speak only =1 nev] aga9/ ,*ri/4 ,by ?is pr9ciple he det]m9$ = himself ! respective value ( v>i\s writ+s 9 ! ,bible4 ,ecclesia/es & ,jonah did n appeal to him z v full ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t he seems /rongly attract$ by ! ,gospel ( ,john4 ,b !re are /atem5ts 9 8 writ+s 9 :i* he expresses a pref]5ce = ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke4 ,"o mu/ und]/& ,lu!r's view-po9t & aim on a giv5 occasion to grasp ^! valuations4 ,9 reg>d to ,job he express$ ! op9ion t ! book is dramatic r ?an hi/orical3 x does n relate actual occurr5ces1 b r po9ts a moral 9 ! =m ( a n>rative4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! ov]great emphasis :i* he ?\ght ,james plac$ on works z aga9/ fai? caus$ him to depreciate ?is ,epi/le & to "q its apo/olic au?or%ip4 ,lu!r also knew t 9 ! e>lie/ c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era ! "q _h be5 rais$ :e!r ,second ,pet]1 ,jude1 ,james1 ,revelation1 really belong$ 9 ! canon4 ,unbias$ read]s w see 9 all ^! rem>ks ( ,lu!r no?+ b ! e>ne/ /ruggle ( a s9c]e s\l to get at ! real ,^w ( ,god4 ,a p]son may express a pref]5ce = c]ta9 portions ( ! ,bible )\t decl>+ all ! re/ ( ! ,bible wor?less4 ,d\bts conc]n+ ! div9e "* ( c]ta91 portions ( ! ,scripture arise & are occasionally express$ by ! be/ ( ,*ri/ians4 ,b ,lu!r's critical attitude t[>d c]ta9 books ( ! ,bible is ei!r misund]/ood or misrepres5t$ :5 x is made to appe> t ,lu!r p]man5tly reject$1 or tore out ( 8 ,bible1 su* books z ,e/h]1 ,jonah1 ,ecclesia/es1 ,second ,pet]1 ,james1 ,hebrews1 ,jude1 & ,revelation4 ,"s ,ca?olics g s f> z to *>ge ,lu!r ) hav+ reject$ ! ,p5tateu*1 ! fir/ five books 9 ! ,bible1 because he speaks slight+ly ( ,moses' law z a means ( ju/ification4 ,n only did ,lu!r translate & take into 8 ,g]man ,bible all ! writ+s j nam$1 b he also cites !m 9 8 doctr9al writ+s z pro(-texts4 ,9 ! ,index ( ,scripture citations :i* ,dr4 ,hoppe1 ! editor ( ! only complete edition ( ,lu!r's works pr9t$ 9 ,am]ica1 has add$ to ! la/ volume we f9d #aa su* ref]5ces to ,job1 #ab to ,ecclesia/es1 #f to ,jonah1 #dh to ,second ,pet]1 #ah to ,james1 #f to ,jude1 #fa to ,hebrews1 #ag to ,revelation4 ,we h c\nt$ only su* ref]5ces z %[ t ,lu!r employ$ ^! writ+s z div9e 9 8 doctr9al argum5ts4 ,by actual enum]ation x w\ld be f\nd t he has ref]r$ to !m mu* m frequ5tly4 ,on ,jonah1 ,second ,pet]1 & ,jude he wrote special comm5t>ies1 & = all ! books ( ! ,bible he furni%$ illum9at+ summ>ies1 9 "s cases1 z 9 ,revelation1 ! summ>ies are furni%$ *apt] = *apt]4 ,?is goes to prove t ,lu!r _h ultimately rea*$ v cle> & settl$ op9ions reg>d+ ! au!nticity & div9e "* ( ^? books ( ! ,bible :i* he is *>g$ ) hav+ blasphem\sly criticiz$4 ,lu!r's criticism ( ^! portions ( ! ,bible is ! mo/ respectable criticism t has come to our k4 ,x %[s 8 scrupul\s c>e n to admit any?+ z be+ ,god's ,^w ( ! div9e orig9 ( :i* he 0 n fully conv9c$4 ,x is ,rome1 n ,lu!r1 t has vitiat$ ! ,bible & creat$ confusion 9 ,*ri/ian m9ds1 by admitt+ into ! sacr$ volume portions :i* d n belong !re4 ,lu!r's que/ion+ attitude t[>ds ! books ( ! ,bible1 :i* we h nam$ is ! attitude ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,!re 0 d\bt express$ 9 ! fir/ c5turies z to ! g5u95ess ( ^! books1 & x requir$ conv9c+ in=mation 9 ^? days :5 facilities = communication 7 poor to secure ! adoption ( ! books :i* we n[ h 9 ! ,bible4 ,:y d n ! ,ca?olics embrace ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 9 _! *>ge ( ,bible mutilation8 ,nor 7 ^? e>ly ,*ri/ians :o que/ion$ ! div9e au?or%ip ( c]ta9 books ab\t ! orig9 ( :i* !y _h no def9ite k any less ,*ri/ian ?an ^? :o _h conv9c+ in=mation ab\t !m4 ,= ! =m] possess$ 9 ! writ+s :i* !y _h accept$ z au!ntic ! same tru?s :i* ! latt] _h embrac$4 ,lu!r voices 8 pr(\nd rev]5ce = ! ,scriptures 9 innum]able places ?r\gh\t 8 writ+s4 ,! ,holy ,scriptures1 he says1 did n gr[ on e>?4 7#g1 #bjid47 ,aga93 ,:5 /udy+ ! ,scriptures1 y mu/ reflect t x is ,god ,himself :o is speak+ to y4 7#c1 #ba47 ,aga93 ,! ,scriptures are old] & possess great] au?ority ?an all ,c\ncils & ,fa!rs4 ,moreov]1 all ! angels side ) ,god & ! ,scriptures4 4 4 4 ,if age1 duration1 greatness1 multitude ( foll[]s1 hol9ess1 are inducem5ts to believe some?+1 :y d we believe m5 :o live b a %ort "t r ?an ,god1 :o is ! ,olde/1 ! ,greate/1 ! ,holie/1 ! ,mightie/ ( all8 ,:y d we n believe all ! angels1 s9ce a s+le "o ( !m has great] au?ority ?an ! ,pope8 ,:y d we n believe ! ,bible1 :5 "o passage ( ,scripture outweighs all ! books 9 ! _w8 7#ai1 #agcd47 ,aga93 ,! ,bible alone is ! true "l & ma/] ov] all writ+s on e>?4 ,if ?is is n s1 ( :at use is ! ,bible8 ,!n let u ca/ x aside1 & be satisfi$ ) ! books & tea*+s ( m54 7#ae1 #adha47 ,aga93 ,all ,scripture is full ( ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god & ,m>y4 ,its sole object is to tea* u to "k ,him z a di/9ct p]son1 & t ?r\gh ,him we may 9 et]nity behold ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/1 "o ,god4 ,! ,scriptures are aj> to him :o has ! ,son1 & 9 ! same proportion z 8 fai? 9 ,*ri/ increases ! ,scriptures become cle> to him 7#c1 #aiei47 ,h[ little ,lu!r w\ld h 9 common ) ! de/ructive high] critics ( ! ,bible 9 our day1 we c ga!r f ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ,if cutt+ & te>+ ! ,bible to pieces 7 a great art1 :at a fam\s ,bible w\ld ,i produce6 ,especially if ,i 7 to lay my h& on ! important passages1 ^? on :i* ! articles ( our fai? re/4 4 4 4 ,my position1 !n1 is ?is3 ,9 view ( ! fact t our fai? is support$ by ,holy ,writ1 we mu/ n dep>t f its words z !y read1 nor f ! ord] 9 :i* !y are plac$4 4 4 4 ,o!rwise1 :at is to become ( ! ,bible8 7#bj1 #bac47 #bb4 ,lu!r a ,prea*] ( ,viol5ce aga9/ ! ,hi]>*y4 ,9 8 fight aga9/ papal supremacy ,lu!r discov]$ t ! ,roman prie/hood 0 ! ,pope's *ief support4 ,! pr9ciple ( community ( int]e/s _h knitt$ bo? ! high] & ! l[] cl]gy1 ! c>d9als1 ar*bi%ops1 bi%ops1 abbots1 priors1 p>i% prie/s1 monks1 etc41 toge!r into "o firmly compact$ society4 ,all its memb]s und]/ood t !y 7 work+ 9 a common cause1 & kept 9 con/ant & close rapport ) "o ano!r3 ,:at conc]n$ "o conc]n$ all ! re/4 ,ea* aid$ & abett$ ! o!r1 & all /rove jo9tly to exalt _! ma/]1 ! ,pope4 ,l a huge net ! rule ( prie/s 0 spread ov] mank9d1 & all m51 ) _! spiritual & secul> int]e/s1 7 caught 9 ?is net4 ,! sy/em 0 call$ a hi]>*y1 t is1 a holy gov]nm5t4 ,! prie/hood & ! holy ord]s 7 ! ,pope's collat]al4 ,all its memb]s d]iv$ :at au?ority !y possess$ f ! ,pope2 _! =tunes 7 b\nd up 9 ! ,pope's4 ,?is prie/-rule ,lu!r ov]?rew by caus+ m5 to see ! lib]ty ) :i* ,*ri/ has made !m free4 ,ca?olic critics claim t by s do+ ,lu!r rebell$ aga9/ an ord9ance ( ,god4 ,we h %[n 9 *apt] #ah t ,lu!r ackn[l$ges 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ a m9i/ry t exi/s by div9e appo9tm5t4 ,h5ce ! ,ca?olic *>ge t ,lu!r revolt$ f ,god :5 he disput$ ! div9e "r ( ! hi]>*y is silly4 ,h[ev]1 ,lu!r is said to h recklessly enc\rag$ ! de/ruction ( ! episcopate1 & op5ly comm&$ sacrilege & murd] to mobs4 ,! appeal ( ,lu!r t ! rule ( bi%ops be ext]m9at$ is int]pret$ to mean t ! bi%ops be ext]m9at$4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ wanton *>ges t c\ld be pref]r$ aga9/ ,lu!r4 ,by ! ,!ses aga9/ ,tetzel ! att5tion ( _m prom95t m5 9 ,g]many 0 attract$ to ,lu!r4 ,pr9ces & noblem5 ( ! ,empire _h = "s "t be5 /udy+ f a secul> po9t ( view ! evils :i* ,lu!r _h begun to attack on spiritual gr\nds4 ,^! m5 und]/ood ! "* ( ! ,roman hi]>*y mu* bett] ?an ,lu!r4 ,!y saw at once t ,lu!r's action w\ld lead to s]i\s complication t might ultimately h to be settl$ ) ! sword4 ,:5 ,lu!r 0 /ill dream+ ab\t conv9c+ ! ,pope ) argum5ts f ,scripture1 ,g]man noblem5 7 prep>+ to def5d him aga9/ physical viol5ce4 ,!y knew t ! hi]>*y w\ld n )\t a fi]ce /ruggle submit to any curtailm5t ( _! p[]4 ,!y (f]$ ,lu!r arm$ support4 ,lu!r recoil$ ) horror f ?is sugge/ion4 ,9 a lett] f ! ,w>tburg :i* he wrote to 8 fri5d ,spalat9 :o 0 /ill t>ry+ at ,worms1 ,lu!r ref]s to "o ( ^! w>like knights z foll[s3 ,:at ,hutt5 has 9 m9d y c see f ! writ+s ( ! knight :i* he enclos$4 ,i w\ld n l to see m5 fight = ! ,gospel ) =ce & blood%$4 ,i h answ]$ t p>son 7dem ,m5s*57 accord+ly4 ,by ! ,^w ! _w has be5 ov]come1 ! ,*ur* has be5 pres]v$2 by ! ,^w x w also be re/or$4 ,z to ,anti*ri/1 he began 8 rule )\t physical =ce1 & w also be de/roy$ )\t physical =ce1 by ! ,^w4 7#ae1 #bejf47 ,! lett] f :i* ^! words are quot$ is dat$ ,janu>y #af1 #aebb4 ,n9e mon?s be=e ?is date1 on ,may #ad1 :5 he _h be5 on ! ,w>tburg ab\t t5 days1 ,lu!r writes to ! same p>ty3 ,x is = good reasons t ,i h n answ]$ y\r lett] ere ?is3 ,i hesitat$ f fe> t ! report rec5tly gone out ( my be+ held captive might prompt somebody to int]cept my lett]s4 ,a great _m ?+s are relat$ ab\t me at ?is place2 h[ev]1 ! op9ion is beg9n+ to prevail t ,i 0 captur$ by fri5ds s5t = ?is purpose f ,franconia4 ,to-morr[ ! safe-conduct grant$ me by ! emp]or expires4 ,i am sorry t1 z y write me1 !re is an int5tion to apply ! v sev]e imp]ial edict also = ! purpose ( explor+ m5's consci5ces2 n on my acc\nt1 b because !y ! papi/s are ill-advis$ 9 ?is & w br+ mis=tune on _! own heads1 & because !y cont9ue to load !mselves ) v great odium4 ,oh1 :at hatr$ w ?is %ameless viol5ce k9dle6 ,h[ev]1 !y may h _! way2 p]haps ! "t ( _! visitation is ne>4 --,s f> ,i h n he>d f our p ei!r at ,witt5b]g or else:]e4 ,ab\t ! "t ( our arrival at ,eis5a* ! "y m5 ! /ud5ts at ,erfurt _h1 dur+ ! night1 damag$ a few prie/s' dwell+s1 f indignation because ! dean ( ,/4 ,sev]us ,in/itute1 a great papi/1 _h caught ,magi/] ,draco1 a g5tleman :o is favorably incl9$ to u1 by 8 cassock & _h publicly dragg$ him f ! *oir1 pret5d+ t he _h be5 excommunicat$ = hav+ gone to meet me at my arrival at ,erfurt4 ,mean:ile p are fe>+ great] di/urbances2 ! magi/rates are conniv+1 = ! local prie/s are 9 ill repute1 & x is be+ report$ t ! artisans are ally+ !mselves ) ! /ud5t-body4 ,! prophetic say+ seems ab\t to come true :i* runs3 ,erfurt is ano!r ,prague4 ,!re 0 riot+ 9 ,prague 9 ! days ( ,hus1 :om ,rome burn$ at ! /ake4--,i 0 told ye/]day t a c]ta9 prie/ at ,go?a has met ) r\gh treatm5t because 8 p _h b\ght c]ta9 e/ates 7,i d n "k :i*71 9 ord] to increase ! rev5ue ( ! *ur*1 &1 "u pretext ( _! ecclesia/ical immunity1 _h refus$ to pay ! incumbrances & taxes on ! same4 ,we see t ! p1 z also ,erasmus writes1 are unable & unwill+ any long] to be> ! yoke ( ! ,pope & ! papi/s4 ,& /ill we d n cease co]c+ & burd5+ !m1 al?\gh--n[ t ev]y?+ has be5 br\ght to light--we h lo/ our reputation & _! good w1 & our =m] halo ( sanctity c no long] avail or ex]t ! influ5ce :i* x ex]t$ =m]ly4 ,h]et(ore we h increas$ hatr$ by viol5ce & by viol5ce h suppress$ x2 h[ev]1 :e!r we c cont9ue suppress+ x exp]i5ce w %[4 7#ae1 #beaj47 ,to ,melan*?on he wrote ab\t ?is "t3 ,i he> t at ,erfurt !y are resort+ to viol5ce aga9/ ! dwell+s ( prie/s4 ,i am surpris$ t ! city c\ncil p]mits ?is & connives at x1 & t our de> fri5d ,lang keeps sil5t4 ,= al?\gh x is good t ^? impi\s m5 :o w n desi/ are kept 9 *eck1 /ill ?is proc$ure w br+ ! ,gospel into disrepute1 & w cause m5 ju/ly to spurn x4 ,i w\ld write to ,lang1 b z yet ,i d>e n4 ,= su* a display ( fri5dl9ess to our cause z ^! p %[ is v (f5sive to me1 because x cle>ly %[s t we are n yet wor?y s]vants 9 ,god's sight1 & t ,satan is mock+ & laugh+ at our ef=ts ( re=m4 ,oh1 h[ ,i d fe> t all ?is is l ! fig tree 9 ! p>able1 ( :i* ! ,"l1 ,matt4 #ba1 pr$icts t x w m]ely spr\t be=e ! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 b w be> no fruit4 ,:at we tea* is1 inde$1 ! tru?2 h[ev]1 x am\nts to no?+ if we d n practise :at we prea*4 7#ae1 #aijf47 ,disquiet+ rumors ( excesses t 7 be+ p]petrat$ by radical foll[]s ( ! evangelical tea*+ _h rea*$ ,lu!r also f ,witt5b]g4 ,to obta9 a cle> insight into ! actual /ate ( affairs1 he made a secret visit to 8 home t[n 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,decemb]1 #aeba4 ,return+ to 8 exile1 he wrote 8 ,fai?ful ,admonition to ,all ,*ri/ians to ,avoid ,tumult & ,rebellion4 ,9 ?is treatise ,lu!r reasons z foll[s3 ,! papacy1 ) all its great in/itutions1 cloi/]s1 univ]sities1 laws & doctr9es1 is no?+ b lies4 ,on lies x 0 rais$1 by lies x is support$1 ) lies & frauds & *eats x deceives1 misleads1 & oppresses m54 ,accord+ly1 all t is necess>y to ov]?r[ its dom9ion is to recognize its ly+ "*1 & to publi% x & ! papacy w collapse z if bl[n aside by ! brea? ( ! ,almighty1 z ,scripture says x %all happ5 to ,anti*ri/4 ,to />t a riot aga9/ ! papi/s w\ld nev] improve !m1 & w\ld only cause !m to vilify ! cause ( _! oppon5ts4 ,9 times ( tumult1 p lose _! reason & d m h>m to innoc5t p ?an to ! guilty4 ,public wrongs %\ld be r$ress$ by ! magi/rates1 :o are ve/$ ) au?ority = t purpose4 ,no matt] h[ j a cause may be1 x nev] ju/ifies riot+4 ,lu!r decl>es t he w r side ) ^? :o suff] 91 ?an ) ^? :o />t1 a riot4 ,riot+ is =bidd5 9 ,god's ,law 7,d5t4 #af1 #bj2 #cb1 #ce74 ,?is p>ticul> riot+ aga9/ ! papi/s has be5 in/igat$ by ! devil1 9 ord] to div]t p's m9ds f ! real spiritual issues ( ! times1 & to br+ ! cause ( ! ,gospel into disrepute4 ,lu!r feels ^! tumultu\s proce$+s z a disgrace4 ,p :o read & und]/& my tea*+ correctly1 he says1 d n />t riots4 ,!y 7 n taught su* ?+s by me4 ,if any engage 9 su* proce$+s & drag my "n into x1 :at c ,i d to /op !m8 ,h[ _m ?+s are ! papi/s do+ 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ :i* ,*ri/ nev] comm&$6 ,lu!r begs all :o glory 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ians to conduct !mselves z ,paul dem&s #b ,cor4 #f1 #c3 ,giv+ no (f5se 9 any?+1 t ! m9i/ry be n blam$4 7#aj1 #cfj ff47 ,:oev] c1 ought to treat himself to ! read+ ( ?is f9e treatise ( ! exil$ monk ( ,witt5b]g4 ,! iconocla/ic upris+ :i* broke out 9 ,witt5b]g 9 ! clos+ days ( ! mon? ( ,febru>y1 #aebb1 f9ally decid$ ,lu!r1 at ! risk ( 8 life1 to quit 8 exile & to fight ! devil1 :o 0 try+ to subv]t 8 good doctr9e by su* wick$ practises4 ,! _w kn[s t x 0 ,lu!r :o quell$ ! riot 9 8 t[n4 ,lu!r's face 0 ev] /]nly set aga9/ ^? :o want$ to wage ! ,"l's w>s ) ! devil's weapons4 ,no murd] or sacrilege t 0 committ$ 9 ^? days c be laid at ! door ( ,lu!r's tea*+4 ,! ,ca?olics are try+ to div]t att5tion f _! own unw>rant$ & viol5t proce$+s by *>g+ ,lu!r ) prea*+ a w> ( ext]m9ation aga9/ _! hi]>*y4 ,h[ did !y treat ! j claims & reasonable dem&s ( ! ,g]man nation = measures t 7 admitt$ to be cry+ ne$s ( ! times8 ,no ,g]man diet met b a long li/ ( grievances 0 submitt$ by ! suff]+ p4 ,x 0 ( no avail4 ,! haughty cl]gy rode ov] ! p's rights & pray]s r\gh-%od4 ,! tyrann\s devices :i* _! cunn+ _h inv5t$ 7 execut$ ) braz5 impud5ce4 ,h[ _h !y treat$ simple laym5 9 ^: possession a ,bible 0 f\nd8 ,:at 0 _! inquisitorial c\rt b ! ant]oom to holy but*]s' %ambles1 ! legal ve/ibule to murd] t _h be5 sanction$ by ! ,popes8 ,h[ _h !y treat$ ,lu!r8 ,if ! papal nuncio at ! ,diet ( ,worms _h _h 8 way ) ! emp]or & ! pr9ces1 ,lu!r w\ld n h left t city alive4 ,!y op5ly decl>$ to ! emp]or t he 0 n oblig$ to keep 8 plight$ ^w = a safe-conduct to a h]etic4 ,^! p come n[ at ?is late day prat+ ab\t viol5ce t !y h suff]$ f ?is sacrilegi\s & blood?ir/y ,lu!r4 ,!y !mselves 7 ! p]petrators ( ! mo/ appall+ viol5ce aga9/ ,god & m53 _! :ole sy/em re/s1 z ,johann ,g]h>d 9 8 fam\s ,confessio ,ca?olica rightly ass]ts1 on ,fraus et ,vis1 t is1 ,fraud & ,viol5ce4 #bc4 ,lu!r1 ,an>*i/ & ,despot ,all 9 ,"o4 ,extremes met1 ) mo/ disa/r\s effect-s ,ca?olic writ]s tell u-9 ,lu!r's views ( ! political rights ( m54 ,at "o "t he 0 s outspok5 9 8 condemnation ( ! oppression :i* ! common p 7 suff]+ f ! cl]gy1 ! nobility1 & _! ari/ocratic gov]nors t he incit$ !m to discont5t ) _! humble lot 9 life1 to unre/1 & to op5 rebellion aga9/ _! magi/rates4 ,at ano!r "t he became ! spokesman = ! mo/ pron\nc$ absolutism & despotism4 ,he turn$ sudd5ly aga9/ ! v p ^: cause he _h s signally *ampion$1 & :o hail$ him z _! prophet & lead]4 ,:5 ! poor1 d[ntrodd5 p ne$$ him mo/1 ,lu!r c[>dly des]t$ !m1 & by fr5zi$ utt]ances excit$ ! nobility to slay ! common p )\t m]cy 9 ! mo/ ru?less fa%ion1 & ev5 promis$ ! lords :om he _h d5\nc$ z tyrants heav5 = enact+ ! b>b>ic cruelties to :i* he 0 urg+ !m4 ,?is is ! ,ca?olic portrayal ( ,lu!r dur+ ! ,peasants' ,w>4 ,! relation ( ! peasant upris+ to ,lu!r's prea*+ is grossly misrepres5t$ :5 ! impression is creat$ t ,lu!r _h be=e ?is sad upheaval work$ h& 9 glove ) ! malcont5t ru/ics = ! ov]?r[ ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,di/urbances ( ?is k9d _h be5 p]iodical occurr5ces 9 ,europe = _m hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,! heavy taxes & ti!s1 & ! =c$ labor :i* ! lords exact$ f _! t5ants1 :o 7 little bett] ?an s]fs1 ! gall+ re/rictions 9 reg>d to hunt+1 fi%+1 ga!r+ wood 9 ! =e/s :i* !y _h impos$ on !m1 ! =eign ,roman law "u :i* !y tri$ cases 9 c\rt1 &1 9 g5]al1 _! haughty & contemptu\s be>+ t[>d ! common p _h = _m g5]ations creat$ /ra9$ relations betwe5 ! upp] & ! l[] classes4 ,! e/rangem5t :i* develop$ into op5 defiance exi/$ among ! peasants be=e ,lu!r _h begun to prea*4 ,nor c ,lu!r's tea*+ be said to h fann$ ! slumb]+ emb]s ( discont5t into a huge flame4 ,! lib]ty ( a ,*ri/ian man :i* he _h proclaim$ 0 n su* lib]ty z ! peasants dem&$ & wre/$ to !mselves :5 ! revolt _h rea*$ its height4 ,lu!r _h consi/5tly taught t ob$i5ce to ! gov]nm5t is a ,*ri/ian duty4 ,he _h1 z we h %[n 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 w>n$ ) tell+ =ce aga9/ riot1 tumult1 & s$ition4 ,he _h deprecat$ any ally+ ( ! cause ( ! ,gospel & ( spiritual fre$om ) ! c>nal /riv+s ( disaffect$ m5 = m]e temporal & secul> advantages4 ,he _h rem9d$ ,*ri/ians t x 0 _! duty to suff] wrong r ?an d wrong4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,lu!r _h plead$ ! cause ( ! poor be=e ! lords1 & _h e>ne/ly w>n$ ! nobility n to cont9ue _! tyranny1 b conciliate _! subjects by yield+ to _! j dem&s4 ,he _h fe>lessly po9t$ out to ! lords :at 0 gall+ 9 _! conduct to ! common1 p-_! pride & luxuri\s liv+1 _! disreg>d ( ! commone/ rights ( man1 _! despotic deal+s ) _! humble subjects1 _! rude behavior & exasp]at+ conduct t[>d ! m51 wom51 & *ildr5 :om !y made toil & slave = !m4 ,ma9ta9+1 ?us1 an hone/ equipoise betwe5 ! two contr>y =ces1 & deal+ out ev5-h&$ ju/ice to bo?1 ,lu!r 0 consci\s ( s]v+ ! true int]e/s ( ei!r side & labor+ = ! common welf>e ( all4 ,) 8 implicit fai? 9 ! p[] ( ,god's ,^w he 0 hop+ = a gradual improvem5t ( ! situation4 ,! conflict w\ld be adju/$ 9 a quiet & ord]ly mann] by ! tru? obta9+ great] & great] sway ov] ! m9ds ( m54 ,lu!r _h _h no inkl+ ( an imp5d+ cla% betwe5 ! peasants & ! nobility :5 ! revolt broke out ) ! fury ( a cyclone4 ,lu!r 0 %ock$4 ,he promptly hurri$ to ! sc5e ( ! di/urbances by reque/ ( ! ,c\nt ( ,mansfeld4 ,x speaks volumes = ! integrity ( ,lu!r t bo? sides 7 will+ to p]mit him to arbitrate _! diff]5ces4 ,! invitation came orig9ally f ! peasants & 0 address$ to ,lu!r1 ,melan*?on1 ,bug5hag51 & ! ,elector ,fr$]ick jo9tly1 b x 0 n act$ on until ,c\nt ,alb]t invit$ ,lu!r to come to ,eisleb54 ,! ,exhortation to ,peace on ! ,twelve ,articles ( ! ,peasants :i* ,lu!r issu$1 aft] hav+ inve/igat$ ! situation1 rebukes ! lords ) consid]ably m /]nness ?an ! common]s1 b makes fair sugge/ions = ! composition ( ! diff]5ces4 ,be=e ,lu!r takes up ! ,twelve ,articles ( ! ,peasants = detail$ discussion1 he in=ms !m t he consid]s _! :ole proc$ure wrong1 ev5 if all _! dem&s 7 j1 because !y h resort$ to =ce to secure _! "r4 ,a beautiful s5tim5t = an an>*i/ to utt]1 is x n8 ,9 ,article ,i ! peasants dem&$ fre$om to elect _! own pa/ors1 :o 7 to prea* ! ,gospel )\t any human additions4 ,t ?is reque/ %\ld be embodi$ 9 ! peasants' plea = _! political rights1 & t x %\ld be made ! =emo/ dem&1 is highly sugge/ive z to ! pr9cipal cause ( _! unre/4 ,to ?is article ,lu!r gave 8 unres]v$ endorsem5t4 ,article ,,ii s\ght to regulate ! income ( prie/s-aga9 a v sugge/ive reque/3 prea*]s 7 to receive = _! su/5ance no m ?an ! ti!s1 ! rema9d] ( ! *ur*-income 0 to be set aside s z to r5d] x unnecess>y to tax ! poor 9 w>-times4 ,on ?is po9t ,lu!r held t ! ti!s belong to ! gov]nm5t1 & to turn !m ov] to any "o else w\ld be simple robb]y4 ,article ,,iii dem&$ ! abolition ( s]fdom1 h[ev]1 z a te/ :e!r ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! lords 0 g5u9e4 ,! peasants impli$ t _! political lib]ty _h be5 secur$ by ,*ri/1 & t ! lords 7 )hold+ x f !m4 ,?is argum5t ,lu!r reject$ z a c>nal p]v]sion ( ! ,gospel4 ,articles ,,iv-,x submitt$ ^! dem&s3 ,! poor man is to be accord$ ! "r to fi% & hunt2 all wood$ l&s usurp$ by bi%ops or noblem5 )\t mak+ paym5t !re= are to rev]t to ! community1 & 9 case paym5t _h be5 made1 a settlem5t is to be effect$ by mutual agreem5t2 burd5some exactions1 s]vices1 taxes1 & f9es are to be resc9d$2 c\rt trials are to be free f p>tiality & jeal\sy2 mead[s & l&s :i* ( "r belong to ! community are to be return$ by _! pres5t own]s4 ,on ^! po9ts ,lu!r sugge/s t ! op9ions ( good lawy]s be obta9$4 ,article ,,xi deals ) ! "r ( h]iot1 or ! dea?-tax impos$ ^u ! wid[ or heir ( a t5ant4 ,?is 0 approv$4 ,9 ! la/ article ! peasants express _! read9ess to )draw any or all ( ^! reque/s t are %[n to be contr>y to ,scripture1 & ask p]mission to sub/itute o!rs = !m4 ,lu!r 0 9 a fair way ( br++ ab\t an amicable settlem5t ( ! diff]5ces4 ,philip ( ,hesse _h at ! same "t come to a full agreem5t ) ! peasants 9 8 doma9s1 & peace seem$ ne>1 :5 ! real g5ius ( ! :ole peasant movem5t1 ,mu5z]1 int]f]$4 ,lu!r _h suspect$ = "s "t t ?is unscrupul\s agitator 0 spread+ ! tea*+ ( unbridl$ lic5se "u pret5se ( prea*+ lib]ty1 & t ! my/ical piety :i* he 0 report$ z practis+1 8 lean+ t[>ds ! re=m movem5t1 & 8 ref]5ces to ,lu!r & ! new ,gospel1 7 no?+ b ! angel's g>m5t :i* a v wick$ devil _h borr[$ = purposes ( deception4 ,:5 ,mu5z] at ! head ( hordes ( m5 :o ?r\gh 8 inflammatory spee*es _h be5 turn$ into unreason+ brutes 0 spread+ ru9 & desolation along 8 pa?1 wip+ out 9 a few days ! products ( ! pati5t labors ( g5]ations1 subv]t+ ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( hone/y1 ju/ice1 & morality on :i* ! organiz$ public life ( ! community & ! private life ( ! individual mu/ re/1 & rapidly *ang+ ev5 ! well-mean+ & reasonable among ! peasants into fr5zi$ madm51 ,lu!r recogniz$ t conciliatory measures & arbitration w\ld n avail ) ^! mobs4 ,8 duty z a tea*] ( ,god's ,^w & z a loyal subject ( 8 gov]nm5t dem&$ prompt & /]n action f him4 ,h[ev]1 back ( ! t]rible mi5 ) :i* ,lu!r n[ fac$ ! wild peasants !re is a he>t ( love2 9 ! appall+ language :i* he n[ uses aga9/ m5 ^: cause he _h befri5d$ !re is disc]nible a note ( pity = ! poor delud$ wret*es :o ?\ght !y 7 re>+ a p>adise :5 !y 7 build+ b$lam4 ,above all1 ! great he>t ( ,lu!r is torn ) angui% ov] ! %ame t is n[ be+ heap$ on ! bless$ ,gospel ( 8 de> ,"l4 ,lu!r did n des]t ! peasants1 b !y des]t$ him2 !y 7 ! traitors1 n he4 ,!re is a diabolical /reak 9 ! "* ( ,?omas ,mu5z]4 ,he p>ades z ! ,p's ,man1 & ! ,g]man p 9 ! sixte5? c5tury nev] _h a worse enemy4 ,8 flu5t spee* & great oratory seem$ honey to ! peasants1 b !y 7 ! v]ie/ poison4 ,he spoke ! language ( a sa9t1 & liv$ ! life ( a pr(ligate & a reprobate4 ,x is h>d to believe t 8 error 0 m]ely ! hone/ fanaticism ( a bl9d bigot2 !re is a malign elem5t 9 x t betrays consci\s wick$ness4 ,?is rav+ demon %\ld be /udi$ m by ,ca?olics :5 !y inve/igate ! ,peasants' ,revolt4 ,!y h _! eyes on ,lu!r2 8 e ^w & action are plac$ "u ! microscope4 ,b ! real culprit is treat$ z ! h]o 9 a trag$y4 ,he 0 a bl9d en?usia/2 he mi/ook 8 aims2 he select$ wrong means & me?ods = a*iev+ 8 aim4 ,he did wick$ly1 & we may h to curse him "s = dec5cy's sake1 b be des]ves pity1 too1 = he 0 ! misguid$ pupil ( t ar*-h]etic ,lu!r4 ,t is ,ca?olic equity 9 e/imat+ ,lu!r's %>e 9 ! peasant upris+4 ,we only note 9 conclusion t ,?omas ,mu5z] di$ 9 ! arms ( ! alone-sav+ ,*ur*1 a p5it5t prodigal t _h return$ to ! bosom ( ,holy ,"m4 ,lu!r did n die ?us1 & t makes a great deal ( diff]5ce4 ,ca?olics fa!r ^u ,lu!r n only ! ,peasants' ,revolt1 b e revolution>y movem5t :i* s9ce !n has occurr$ 9 ,europe4 ,! political unre/ :i* has at v>i\s times agitat$ ! masses 9 ,france1 ,engl&1 & ,g]many1 ! *anges 9 ! gov]nm5t :i* 7 br\ght ab\t 9 su* times1 are all attribut$ to ! revolution>y t5d5cies 9 ,lu!r's writ+s4 ,s is ! disrespect %[n by citiz5s ( ! mod]n ,/ate to p]sons 9 au?ority1 ! bold & sca?+ criticism indulg$ 9 by subjects aga9/ _! gov]nm5t4 ,!re is h>dly a political di/urbance any:]e b :at +5i\s ,ca?olics w manage to connect ) ,lu!r4 ,read ,lu!r1 & y w inevitably become an an>*i/4 ,b ,lu!r is also cr$it$ ) ! v opposite ( an>*ism4 ,:5 ! ,peasants' ,revolt _h be5 put d[n by ! lords1 !y began to /r5g!n _! despotic p[] ov] ! p1 & a worse tyranny result$ ?an _h exi/$ be=e4 ,x is po9t$ out t absolutism1 ! claim ( k+s t !y are rul+ by div9e "r & are n responsible to ! p1 has tak5 firm root 9 all ,prote/ant c\ntries1 & t ev5 ! ,prote/ant *ur*es 9 ^! c\ntries are m]e fixtures ( ! ,/ate4 ,?is1 too1 we are ask$ to believe1 is a result ( ,lu!r's tea*+4 ,lu!r is n only ! spiritual r+-lead] ( mobs1 b also ! sycophant ( despots4 ,x is p>ticul>ly (f5sive to ,ca?olics to see ,lu!r hail$ z ! *ampion ( political lib]ty4 ,let u try & make up our m9ds ab\t ,lu!r's views ( ! secul> gov]nm5t f ,lu!r's own words4 ,dr4 ,w>+1 9 8 ,political ,!ories ( ,lu!r1 has made a v s]viceable collection ( /atem5ts ( ,lu!r on ?is matt]4 ,9 8 tract on ,secul> ,au?ority 7#aj1 #cgd ff47 ,lu!r ma9ta9s t ! ,/ate exi/s by ,god's w & in/itution2 = ! ,apo/le ,paul writes3 ',let e s\l be subject unto ! high] p[]s4 ,= !re is no p[] b ( ,god3 ! p[]s t be are orda9$ ( ,god4 ,:osoev] !re=e resi/e? ! p[] resise? tr4 note3 sic ! ord9ance ( ,god2 & !y t resi/ %all receive to !mselves damnation' 7,rom4 #ac1 #a4 #b74 ,! ,apo/le ,pet] exhorts3 ',submit y\rselves to e ord9ance ( man = ! ,"l's sake1 :e!r x be to ! k+1 z supreme1 or unto gov]nors1 z unto !m t are s5t by him = ! puni%m5t ( evil-do]s1 & = ! praise ( !m t d well' 7#a ,pet4 #b1 #ac4 #ad74 ,! "r ( ! sword has exi/$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,:5 ,ca9 kill$ 8 bro!r ,abel1 he 0 s fe>ful ( be+ put to dea? himself t ,god laid a special prohibition !reupon t no "o %\ld kill him1 :i* fe> he w\ld n h _h1 _h he n se5 & he>d f ,adam t murd]]s %\ld be put to dea?4 ,fur!r1 aft] ! ,flood1 ,god repeat$ & confirm$ x 9 explicit language1 :5 ,he decl>$3 ',:oso %$de? man's blood1 by man %all 8 blood be %$' 7,g54 #i1 #f74 ,?is law 0 ratifi$ lat] by ! law ( ,moses3 ',b if a man come presumptu\sly ^u 8 neighbor1 to slay him ) guile1 ?\ %alt take him f ,m9e alt>1 t he may die' 7,ex4 #ba1 #ad72 & yet aga93 ',life = life1 eye = eye1 too? = too?1 h& = h&1 foot = foot1 burn+ = burn+1 w\nd = w\nd1 /ripe = /ripe' 7,ex4 #ba1 #bc-be74 ,*ri/ confirm$ x also :5 ,he said to ,pet] 9 ! g>d53 ',all !y t take ! sword %all p]i% ) ! sword' 7,matt4 #bf1 #eb74 ,! words ( ,*ri/3 ',b ,i say unto y1 ,t ye resi/ n evil' 7,matt4 #e1 #ch4 #ci71 ',love y\r enemies1 4 4 4 d good to !m t hate y' 7,matt4 #e1 #dd71 & simil> passages1 hav+ great weight1 might seem to indicate t ,*ri/ians "u ! ,gospel %\ld n h a worldly sword2 b ! human race is to be divid$ into two classes1 "o belong+ to ! k+dom ( ,god & ! o!r to ! k+dom ( ! _w4 ,to ! fir/ class belong all true believ]s 9 ,*ri/ & "u ,*ri/1 = ,*ri/ is ,k+ & ,"l 9 ! k+dom ( ,god 7,ps4 #b1 #f1 & ?r\gh\t ! ,scriptures74 ,^! p ne$ no worldly sword or law1 = !y h ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 _! he>ts :o suff] wrong gladly & !mselves d wrong to no "o4 ,!re is no ne$ ( qu>rel or cont5tion1 ( c\rt or puni%m5t4 ,/4 ,paul says3 ',! law is n made = a righte\s man1 b = ! lawless & disob$i5t1 = ! ungodly & = s9n]s' 7#a ,tim4 #a1 #i71 = ! righte\s man ( himself does ev]y?+ t ! law dem&s1 & m2 b ! unrighte\s d no?+ "r1 & !y !re=e ne$ ! law to tea*1 con/ra91 & compel !m to d "r4 ,a good tree requires no in/ruction or law t x may br+ =? good fruit1 b its nature causes x to be> fruit aft] its k9d4 ,?us are all ,*ri/ians s fa%ion$ ?r\gh ! ,_s & fai? t !y d "r naturally1 m ?an man c\ld tea* !m ) all laws4 ,all ^? :o are n ,*ri/ians 9 ?is p>ticul> s5se belong to ! k+dom ( ! _w4 ,inasmu* z !re are few :o are true ,*ri/ians 9 fai? & life1 ,god e/abli%$1 9 addition to ! k+dom ( ,god1 ano!r rule-t ( temporal p[] & civil gov]nm5t1 & gave x ! sword to compel ! wick$ to be ord]ly4 ,x is = ?is worldly e/ate t law is giv54 ,*ri/ rules )\t law1 alone ?r\gh ! ,_s1 b worldly gov]nm5t protects ! peace ) ! sword4 ,likewise1 true ,*ri/ians1 al?\gh n 9 ne$ ( x = !mselves1 nev]!less r5d] *e]ful ob$i5ce to ?is gov]nm5t1 ?r\gh love = ! o!rs :o ne$ x4 ,a ,*ri/ian himself may wield ! sword :5 call$ ^u to ma9ta9 peace among m5 & to puni% wrong4 ,?is au?ority1 :i* is ,god's h&maid1 z ,/4 ,paul says1 is z necess>y & good z o!r worldly call+s4 ,god !re=e in/itut$ two regim5s1 or gov]nm5ts-! spiritual1 :i*1 ?r\gh ! ,holy ,gho/ "u ,*ri/1 makes ,*ri/ians & pi\s p1 & ! worldly or temporal1 :i* w>ns ! non-,*ri/ians & ! wick$ t !y mu/ ma9ta9 ext]nal peace4 ,we mu/ cle>ly di/+ui% betwe5 ^! two p[]s & let !m rema9-! "o t makes pi\s1 ! o!r t makes = ext]nal peace & protects aga9/ wick$ness4 ,nei!r "o is suffici5t 9 ! _w )\t ! o!r2 = )\t ! spiritual e/ate ( ,*ri/ no "o c be good be=e ,god ?r\gh ! worldly e/ate4 ,:]e civil gov]nm5t alone rules1 !re w\ld be hypocrisy1 ?\gh its laws 7 l ,god's comm&m5ts !mselves2 = )\t ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! he>t none c be pi\s1 :atev] good works he may p]=m4 ,:]e ! spiritual e/ate rules ov] l& & p1 !re w be unbridl$ wick$ness & opportunity = all k9ds ( villa9y1 = ! common _w _c accept or und]/& x4-,b x may be said1 ,if1 !n1 ,*ri/ians d n ne$ ! temporal p[] or law1 :y does ,/4 ,paul say to all ,*ri/ians3 ',let e s\l be subject unto ! high] p[]s' 7,rom4 #ac1 #a78 ,9 reply to ?is1 x is to be said aga9 t ,*ri/ians among !mselves & by & = !mselves require no law or sword1 = to !m !y are n necess>y or useful4 ,b because a true ,*ri/ian on e>? lives = & s]ves n himself1 b 8 neighbor1 s he also1 f ! nature ( 8 _s1 does t :i* he himself does n ne$1 b :i* is useful & necess>y to 8 neighbor4 ,! sword is a great & necess>y utility to ! :ole _w = ! ma9t5ance ( peace1 ! puni%m5t ( wrong1 & ! re/ra9t ( ! wick$4 ,s ! ,*ri/ian pays tribute & tax1 honors civil au?ority1 s]ves1 assi/s1 & does ev]y?+ he c d to ma9ta9 t au?ority ) honor & fe>4 7p4 #gc ff47 ,9 8 ,appeal to ! ,g]man ,nobility 7#aj1 #bff ff47 ,lu!r says3 ,=asmu* z ! temporal p[] has be5 orda9$ by ,god = ! puni%m5t ( ! bad & ! protection ( ! good1 !re=e we mu/ let x d its duty ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,*ri/ian body1 )\t respect ( p]sons1 :e!r x /rike ,popes1 bi%ops1 prie/s1 monks1 nuns1 or :oev] x may be4 ,if x 7 suffici5t reason = fett]+ ! temporal p[] t x is inf]ior among ! (fices ( ,*ri/ianity to ! (fices ( prie/ or confessor1 to ! spiritual e/ate1-if ?is 7 s1 !n we ought to re/ra9 tailors1 cobbl]s1 masons1 c>p5t]s1 cooks1 cell>m51 peasants1 & all secul> workm5 f provid+ ! ,pope or bi%ops1 prie/s & monks1 ) %oes1 clo!s1 h\ses1 or victuals1 or f pay+ !m ti!s4 ,b if ^! laym5 are all[$ to d _! "w )\t re/ra9t1 :at d ! ,romani/ scribes mean by _! laws8 ,!y mean t !y )draw !mselves f ! op]ation ( temporal ,*ri/ian p[]1 simply 9 ord] t !y may be free to d evil1 & ?us fulfil :at ,/4 ,pet] said3 ',!re %all be false tea*]s among y1 4 4 4 & ?r\gh covet\sness %all !y ) feign$ words make m]*&ise ( y' 7#b ,pet4 #b1 #a4 #c74 ,!re=e ! temporal ,*ri/ian p[] mu/ ex]cise its (fice )\t let or h9drance1 )\t consid]+ :om x may /rike1 :e!r ,pope or bi%op1 or prie/4 ,:oev] is guilty1 let him suff] = x4-,:atev] ! ecclesia/ical law has said 9 opposition to ?is is m]ely ! inv5tion ( ,romani/ arrogance4 ,= ?is is :at ,/4 ,paul says to all ,*ri/ians3 ',let e s\l' 7,i presume1 includ+ ! ,popes7 'be subject unto ! high] p[]s4 4 4 4 ,d t :i* is good1 & ?\ %alt h praise ( ! same1 4 4 4 = he be>e? n ! sword 9 va92 = he is ! m9i/] ( ,god1 a rev5g] to execute wra? ^u him t doe? evil' 7,rom4 #ac1 #a-d74 ,also ,/4 ,pet]3 ',submit y\rselves to e ord9ance ( man = ! ,"l's sake2 4 4 4 = s is ! w ( ,god' 7#a ,pet4 #b1 #ac4 #ae74 ,he has also =etold t m5 w\ld come :o w\ld despise gov]nm5t 7#b ,pet4 #b71 z has come to pass ?r\gh ecclesia/ical law4-,al?\gh ! "w ( ! temporal p[] relates to ! body1 x yet belongs to ! spiritual e/ate4 ,!re=e x mu/ d its duty )\t let or h9drance ^u all memb]s ( ! :ole body1 to puni% or urge1 z guilt may des]ve1 or ne$ may require1 )\t respect ( ,pope1 bi%ops1 or prie/s1 let !m ?reat5 or excommunicate z !y w4 ,t is :y a guilty prie/ is depriv$ ( 8 prie/hood be=e be+ giv5 ov] to ! secul> arm2 :]eas ?is w\ld n be "r if ! secul> p[]s _h n au?ority ov] him already by div9e ord9ance4-,x is1 inde$1 pa/ be>+ t ! spiritual law %\ld e/eem s highly ! lib]ty1 life1 & prop]ty ( ! cl]gy1 z if laym5 7 n z good spiritual ,*ri/ians1 or n equally memb]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:y %\ld y\r body1 life1 goods1 & honor be free1 & n m9e1 see+ t we are equal z ,*ri/ians1 & h receiv$ alike baptism1 fai?1 _s1 & all ?+s8 ,if a prie/ is kill$1 ! c\ntry is laid "u an int]dict2 :y n also if a peasant is kill$8 ,:5ce comes ?is great diff]5ce among equal ,*ri/ians8 ,simply f human laws & inv5tions4 7p4 #if ff47 ,?is citation des]ves to be specially pond]$ 9 view ( ! ,ca?olic *>ge t ,lu!r 0 a def5d] ( absolutism1 ! div9e "r ( k+s4 ,if ,rome's attitude to k+craft be /udi$1 x w be f\nd t ,rome has be5 ! support] ( ! mo/ tyrann\s rul]s4 ,x is well1 too1 to rememb] ,rome's claim ( a div9e "r ( prie/s4 ,special laws ( exemption & immunity1 laws creat+ special privileges = prie/s1 are n unkn[n 9 ! annals ( ! _w's hi/ory4 ,:oev] c1 ought to read ! entire ,appeal to ! ,g]man ,nobility2 x w tell him _m ?+s t expla9 ! ,peasants' ,revolt4 ,9 8 ,sev]e ,booklet aga9/ ! ,peasants 7#af1 #ga ff47 ,lu!r expla9s ! reasons = ! h>% language :i* he uses aga9/ ! m>aud]s4 ,he says t ! maxims deal+ ) m]cy belong to ! k+dom ( ,god & among ,*ri/ians1 n to ! k+dom ( ! _w1 :i* is ! in/rum5t ( godly wra? ^u ! wick$4 ,! in/rum5t 9 ! h& ( ! ,/ate is n a g>l& ( roses or a fl[] ( love1 b a nak$ sword4 ,z ,i decl>$ at ! "t1 he says1 s decl>e ,i yet3 ,let e "o :o c1 z he may be able1 cut1 /ab1 *oke1 & /rike ! /iff-neck$1 obdurate1 bl9d1 infatuat$ peasants2 t m]cy may be %[n t[>ds ^? :o are de/roy$1 driv5 away1 & misl$ by ! peasants2 t peace & security may be _h4 ,x is bett] to m]cilessly cut (f "o memb] r ?an lose ! entire body ?r\gh fire or plague4 ,fur!rmore1 ! insurg5ts are notori\sly fai?less1 p]jur$1 disob$i5t1 riot\s ?ieves1 robb]s1 murd]]s1 & blasphem]s1 s t !re is n "o ( !m b has well des]v$ dea? t5 times ov] )\t m]cy4 ,if my advice _h be5 foll[$ 9 ! v beg9n+1 & a few lives _h be5 tak51 be=e ! insurrection assum$ su* l>ge proportions1 ?\s&s ( lives w\ld h be5 sav$4 ,! exp]i5ce %\ld make all p>ties involv$ wise4 -,if x be said1 he cont9ues1 t ,i myself tea* lawlessness1 :5 ,i urge all :o c to cut d[n ! riot]s1 my booklet 0 n writt5 aga9/ common evil-do]s1 b aga9/ s$iti\s riot]s4 ,!re is a m>k$ di/9ction betwe5 su* a "o & a murd]] or robb] & o!r ord9>y crim9als2 = a murd]] or simil> crim9al lets ! head & civil au?ority itself /&1 & attacks m]ely its memb]s or its prop]ty4 ,he1 inde$1 fe>s ! gov]nm5t4 ,n[1 :ile ! head rema9s1 no individual %\ld attack ! murd]]1 because ! head civil au?ority call puni% him1 b %\ld wait = ! judgm5t & s5t5ce ( t au?ority to :i* ,god has giv5 ! sword & (fice4 ,b ! riot] attacks ! head itself1 s t 8 (f5se be>s no comp>ison ) t ( ! murd]]4 7p4 #adg47 ,"u ! re/riction "u :i* ?is book 0 writt5 z reg>ds space1 we _c ent] z we w\ld l to ^u an exhau/ive discussion ( ,lu!r's political views4 ,lu!r 0 9 ?is respect ! mo/ enlight5$ ,european citiz5 ( 8 age4 ,he has voic$ s\nd pr9ciples on ! rights ( ! ,/ate & its limitations & ! objects = :i* ! ,/ate exi/s & does n exi/1 on ! sep>ation ( ,*ur* & ,/ate1 on ! removal ( bad rul]s f au?ority1 & especially on lib]ty4 ,! p[] ( ! ,/ate he values because x secures to ea* individual citiz5 ! highe/ degree ( lib]ty possible 9 ?is life4 ,^? :o repres5t ,lu!r z a def5d] ( an>*y or tyranny ei!r d n "k :at !y are talk+ ab\t1 or !y d x = a purpose1 & des]ve ! contempt ( all intellig5t m54 #bd4 ,lu!r ! ,de/roy] ( ,lib]ty ( ,consci5ce4 ,ca?olics claim t ,lu!r's "w1 ?\gh o/5sibly und]tak5 9 behalf ( religi\s lib]ty1 necess>ily _h to result 9 ! v opposite ( fre$om4 ,!y po9t to ! fact t 9 mo/ c\ntries :i* accept$ ! ,prote/ant fai? ! ,*ur* became subs]vi5t to ! ,/ate4 ,^! /ate *ur*es ( ,europe1 h[ev]1 :i* 9 ! view ( ,ca?olics are ! product ( ,lu!r's re=m movem5t1 are to be reg>d$ z only "o symptom ( ! intol]ance :i* *>act]izes ! entire activity ( ,lu!r4 ,he _h inde$ adopt$ ! pr9ciple ( private int]pretation ( ! ,scriptures1 h[ev]1 only = himself4 ,he 0 unwill+ to accord to o!rs ! "r :i* he claim$ = himself4 ,all :o diss5t$ f 8 tea*+ 7 promptly attack$ by him1 & t1 9 viol5t & scurril\s language4 ,! ,prote/ant p>ty 9 ! c\rse ( "t became a w>r+ camp ( ,i%maelites1 ,lu!r fight+ ev]ybody & ev]ybody fight+ ,lu!r4 ,religi\s intol]ance & p]secution became ! prevail+ policy ( ,prote/ants 9 _! deal+s ) o!r ,prote/ants4 ,! burn+ ( ,s]vetus at ,g5eva by ,calv9 0 ! logical outcome ( ,lu!r's tea*+4 ,! maxim1 ,cuius regio1 eius religio1 t is1 ,! pr9ce1 or gov]nm5t1 9 ^: t]ritory ,i reside det]m9es my religion1 became a ,prote/ant t5et4 ,am]ica got its fir/ ta/e ( religi\s lib]ty1 n f ! orig9al ,prote/ant settl]s1 b f ! ,ca?olic coloni/s :om ,"l ,baltimore br\ght to ,m>yl&1 etc41 etc4 ,! view "h prop\nd$ is 9 pla9 contrav5tion ( :at ! _w has hi!rto believ$1 & to a v l>ge ext5t /ill believes1 reg>d+ ,lu!r's attitude t[>d ! "r ( ! individual to *oose 8 own religion & to det]m9e = himself matt]s ( fai?4 ,! position :i* ,lu!r occupies 9 8 f9al answ] be=e ! ,emp]or at ,worms is g5]ally believ$ to /ate ,lu!r's position on ! "q ( religi\s lib]ty 9 a nut%ell4 ,unless conv9c$ by ! ,^w ( ,god or by cog5t reason t he 0 wrong1 he decl>$ at ! ,diet ( ,worms1 he c\ld n & w\ld n retract :at he _h writt54 ,! individual consci5ce1 he ma9ta9$1 _c be b\nd4 ,ea* man mu/ det]m9e ! mean+ ( ! ,^w = himself4 ,& ! inevitable result ( ?is pr9ciple is individual lib]ty4 ,?is pr9ciple ,lu!r ma9ta9$ to ! end ( 8 life4 ,8 appeal to ! magi/rates to suppress ! ,peasants' ,revolt 0 n a call to suppress ! false tea*+s ( ! peasants1 b _! disord]ly conduct4 ,aga9/ _! spiritual ab]rations ,lu!r propos$ to wage w> ) 8 writt5 & oral te/imony4 ,! peace & ord] ( ! ,/ate mu/ be ma9ta9$ aga9/ disord]1 p]sonal viol5ce1 de/ruction ( prop]ty1 public immorality1 & treason1 ?\gh !y come 9 ! guise ( religion4 ,! ,/ate mu/ grant lib]ty ( consci5ce1 fre$om ( spee*1 & ! privilege ( ! press4 ,^! are inali5able rights belong+ alike to e individual1 subject only to ! limitation t !y are n p]mitt$ to encroa* ^u ! rights ( o!rs4 ,! natural1 ! almo/ inevitable1 consequ5ce ( ! decl>ation & recognition ( ^! pr9ciples 0 ev5tually ! e/abli%m5t ( mod]n con/itutional law4 ,x 0 n 9 consequ5ce ( 8 tea*+1 b m]ely 9 spite ( x1 t = ! next two c5turies 79 c]ta9 in/ances7 mon>*ical gov]nm5t became m autocratic1 z feudalism 0 be+ trans=m$ into civil gov]nm5t4 4 4 4 ,all ?r\gh ,lu!r's writ+s1 & 9 8 own acts z well1 is to be read ! "r ( ! individual to ?9k & believe 9 matt]s political1 religi\s1 & o!rwise z he sees prop]4 ,8 is ! "r to read ! ,bible1 & any o!r book he may desire4 ,he has ! "r to conf] & c\nsel1 ) o!rs1 to express & decl>e 8 views pro & con1 9 spee* & pr9t1 s long z he abides by1 & rema9s )91 ! laws ( ! l&4 ,lu!r firmly believ$ 9 ! lib]ty ( ! individual z to consci5ce1 spee*1 & press4 ,! se>* = tru? mu/ be untrammel$4 7,w>+1 ,political ,!ories ( ,lu!r1 p4 #bce f47 ,?is te/imony ( "o :o has made a c>eful inve/igation ( ,lu!r's writ+s on ! subject ( lib]ty ( consci5ce is1 ( c\rse1 n fir/-h& evid5ce2 x m]ely %[s :at impressions p take away f _! /udy ( ,lu!r4 ,let u he> ,lu!r himself4 ,9 ! ,appeal to ! ,g]man ,nobility he says3 ,no "o c d5y t x is break+ ,god's comm&m5ts to violate fai? & a safe-conduct1 ev5 ?\gh x be promis$ to ! devil himself1 mu* m !n 9 ! case ( a h]etic4 4 4 4 ,ev5 ?\gh ,john ,hus 7 a h]etic1 h[ev] bad he may h be51 yet he 0 burn$ unju/ly & 9 violation ( ,god's comm&m5ts1 & we mu/ n =ce ! ,bohemians to approve ?is1 if we wi% ev] to be at "o ) !m4 ,pla9 tru? mu/ unite u1 n ob/9acy4 ,x is no use to say1 z !y said at ! "t1 t a safe-conduct ne$ n be kept if promis$ to a h]etic2 t is z mu* z to say1 "o may break ,god's comm&m5ts 9 ord] to keep ,god's comm&m5ts4 ,!y 7 infatuat$ & bl9d$ by ! devil1 t !y c\ld n see :at !y said or did4 ,god has comm&$ u to obs]ve a safe-conduct2 & ?is we mu/ d ?\gh ! _w %\ld p]i%2 mu* m1 !n1 :]e x is only a "q ( a h]etic be+ set free4 ,we %\ld ov]come h]etics ) books1 n ) fire1 z ! old ,fa!rs did4 ,if !re 7 any skill 9 ov]com+ h]etics ) fire1 ! execution] w\ld be ! mo/ le>n$ doctor 9 ! _w2 & !re w\ld be no ne$ ( /udy1 b he t c\ld get ano!r into 8 p[] c\ld burn him4 7#aj1 #ccb47 ,9 8 treatise ,on ! ,limits ( ,secul> ,au?ority1 ,lu!r says3 ,unbe>able loss foll[s :]e ! secul> au?ority is giv5 too mu* room1 & x is likewise n )\t loss :]e x is too re/rict$4 ,"h x puni%es too little2 !re x puni%es too mu*4 ,al?\gh x is m desirable t x (f5d on ! side ( puni%+ too little ?an t x puni% too sev]ely2 because x is always bett] to p]mit a knave to live ?an to put a good man to dea?1 inasmu* z ! _w /ill has & mu/ h knaves1 b has few good m54 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is to be not$ t ! two classes ( ! human race1 "o ( :om is 9 ! k+dom ( ,god "u ,*ri/1 & ! o!r 9 ! k+dom ( ! _w "u civil au?ority1 h two k9ds ( laws2 = e k+dom mu/ h its laws & its rights1 & no k+dom or regime c /& )\t law1 z daily exp]i5ce %[s4 ,temporal gov]nm5t has laws t d n rea* f>!r ?an ov] p]son & prop]ty1 & :at is ext]nal on ! e>?2 = ,god w n p]mit any "o to rule ov] ! s\l ( man b ,himself4 ,!re=e1 :]e temporal p[] presumes to give laws to ! s\l1 x t\*es ,god's rule1 & misleads & de/roys ! s\ls4 ,we wi% to make t s cle> t m5 may compreh5d x1 9 ord] t our knights1 ! pr9ces & bi%ops1 may see :at fools !y are :5 seek+ to =ce p by _! laws & comm&m5ts to believe ?us or s4 ,:5 a man lays a human law or comm&m5t ^u ! s\l1 t x mu/ believe ?is or t1 z ! man prescribes1 x is assur$ly n ,god's ,^w4 4 4 4 ,!re=e x is a ?or\ghly fooli% ?+ to comm& a man to believe ! ,*ur*1 ! ,fa!rs1 ! c\ncils1 al?\gh !re is no?+ on x f ,god's ,^w4 ,n[ tell me1 h[ mu* s5se does ! head h t lays d[n a comm& on a matt] :]e x has no au?ority8 ,:o w\ld n hold z ( uns\nd m9d ! p]son :o w\ld comm& ! moon to %9e :5 x wi%es8 ,h[ fitt+ w\ld x be if ! ,leipzig au?orities w\ld lay d[n laws = u at ,witt5b]g1 or we at ,witt5b]g = ! p ( ,leipzig8 ,moreov]1 let m5 !reby und]/& t e au?ority %\ld & may conc]n itself only :]e x c see1 "k1 judge1 s5t5ce1 trans=m1 & *ange2 = :at k9d ( judge is he to me :o w\ld bl9dly judge matt]s he nei!r he>s nor sees8 ,n[ tell me1 h[ c a man see1 "k1 judge1 s5t5ce1 & *ange ! he>t8 ,= t is res]v$ to ,god alone4 ,a c\rt %\ld & mu/ be c]ta9 :5 x s5t5ces1 & h ev]y?+ 9 cle> light4 ,b ! s\l's ?\ghts & impulses c be kn[n to no "o b ,god4 ,!re=e x is futile & impossible to comm& or compel a man by =ce to believe ?us or s4 ,= t purpose ano!r grip is necess>y4 ,=ce does n accompli% x4 ,= my ungraci\s lords1 ,pope & bi%ops1 %\ld be bi%ops & prea* ,god's ,^w2 b !y leave t & h become temporal pr9ces & rule ) laws t conc]n only p]son & prop]ty4 ,!y h rev]s$ ! ord] ( ?+s4 ,in/ead ( rul+ s\ls 7int]nally7 ?r\gh ,god's ,^w1 !y rule 7ext]nally7 ca/les1 cities1 l&s1 & p1 & kill s\ls ) indescribable murd]4 ,! temporal lords %\ld1 9 l mann]1 rule 7ext]nally7 l& & p2 b !y leave t4 ,!y c d no?+ m ?an flay & %ave ! p1 set "o tax & "o r5t on ano!r2 !re let loose a be> & "h a wolf2 respect no "r1 or fai?1 or tru?1 & conduct affairs s t robb]s & knaves increase 9 numb]2 & _! temporal regime lies z f> b5ea? z ! regime ( ! spiritual tyrants4 ,fai? is a matt] conc]n+ :i* ea* "o is responsible = himself2 = z little z "o man c g to heav5 or hell = me1 s little c he believe or n believe = me2 & z little z he c op5 or close heav5 or hell = me1 s little c he drive me to belief or unbelief4 ,we h ! say+ f ,/4 ,augu/9e3 ',no "o c or %\ld be compell$ to believe4' ,! bl9d & mis]able p d n see :at a va9 & impossible ?+ !y und]take2 =1 h[ev] imp]i\sly !y comm&1 & h[ev] h>d !y drive1 !y _c =ce p any f>!r ?an !y foll[ ) _! m\? & ! h&4 ,!y _c compel ! he>t1 ?\gh !y %\ld break x4 ,= true is ! maxim3 ,g$ank5 s9d zollfrei4 7,no toll is levi$ on ?\ght47 ,:5 weak consci5ces are driv5 by =ce to lie1 deceive1 & say o!rwise ?an !y believe 9 ! he>t1 !y burd5 !mselves also ) a heavy s92 = all ! lies & false witness giv5 by su* weak consci5ces re/ ^u him :o =ces !m4 ,*ri/ ,himself cle>ly recogniz$ & concisely /at$ ?is tru? :5 ,he said3 ',r5d] !re=e unto ,caes> ! ?+s :i* are ,caes>'s1 & unto ,god ! ?+s t are ,god's' 7,matt4 #bb1 #ba74 ,n[1 :5 imp]ial au?ority /ret*es itself ov] into ,god's k+dom & au?ority & does n keep )9 its own sep>ate jurisdiction1 ?is discrim9ation betwe5 ! two realms has n be5 made4 ,= ! s\l is n "u au?ority ( ! emp]or4 ,he c nei!r tea* nor guide x1 nei!r kill x nor give x life1 nei!r b9d nor loose1 nei!r judge nor s5t5ce1 nei!r hold nor let alone2 :i* necess>ily w\ld exi/ _h he au?ority s to d1 = !y are "u 8 jurisdiction & p[]4 ,david long ago express$ x briefly3 ',! heav51 ev5 ! heav5s1 are ! ,"l's2 b ! e>? ha? ,he giv5 to ! *ildr5 ( m5' 7,ps4 #aae1 #af74 ,t is to say1 ov] :at is on ! e>? & belongs to ! temporal e>?ly k+dom1 man has p[] f ,god2 b :at belongs to heav5 & to ! et]nal k+dom is "u ! ,"l ( heav5 alone4 ,b f9ally1 ?is is ! mean+ ( ,pet]3 ',we ought to obey ,god r ?an m5' 7,acts #e1 #bi74 ,he "h cle>ly m>ks a limit to temporal au?ority2 = 7 m5 oblig$ to obs]ve ev]y?+ t civil au?ority wi%$1 ! comm&1 ',we ought to obey ,god r ?an m51' w\ld h be5 giv5 9 va94 ,if1 n[1 y\r pr9ces or temporal "l comm& y to believe ?is or t1 or to disp5se ) c]ta9 books1 say3 ',i am "u obligations to obey y ) body & e/ate2 comm& me )9 ! compass ( y\r au?ority on e>?1 & ,i w obey y4 ,put if y comm& me z to belief1 & ord] me to put away books1 ,i w n obey1 = !n y become a tyrant & ov]rea* y\rself1 & comm& :]e y h nei!r "r nor p[]4' ,if y\r goods are tak5 & y\r disob$i5ce is puni%$1 y are bless$1 & y may ?ank ,god t y are wor?y to suff] = ,god's ,^w4 ,:5 a pr9ce is 9 ! wrong1 8 subjects are n "u obligations to foll[ him1 = no "o is oblig$ to d any?+ aga9/ ! "r2 b we mu/ obey ,god1 :o desires to h ! "r r ?an m54 ,b ?\ saye/ once m3 ',yea1 worldly p[] _c compel to belief4 ,x is only ext]nal protection aga9/ ! p be+ misl$ by false doctr9e4 ,h[ else c h]etics be kept x bay8' ,answ]3 ,t is ! bus9ess ( bi%ops1 to :om ! (fice is entru/$1 & n to pr9ces4 ,= h]esy c nev] be kept (f by =ce2 ano!r grip is want$ = t4 ,?is is ano!r qu>rel & conflict ?an t ( ! sword4 ,god's ,^w mu/ cont5d "h4 ,if t avail no?+1 temporal p[] w nev] settle ! matt]1 ?\gh x fill ! _w ) blood4 ,h]esy p]ta9s to ! spiritual _w4 ,y _c cut x ) iron1 nor burn x ) fire1 nor dr[n x 9 wat]4 ,y _c drive ! devil out ( ! he>t by de/roy+1 ) sword or fire1 ! vessel 9 :i* he lives4 ,?is is l fight+ a blade ( /raw4 7#aj1 #cie ff47 ,ref]r+ to ! ,anabapti/s1 ,lu!r wrote 9 #aebh3 ,x is n "r1 & ,i ?9k x a great pity1 t su* wret*$ p %\ld be s mis]ably sla91 burn$1 cruelly put to dea?2 e "o %\ld be all[$ to believe :at he w4 ,if he believe wrongly1 he w h puni%m5t en\gh 9 ! et]nal fire ( hell4 ,:y %\ld he be tortur$ 9 ?is life1 too2 provid$ always t x be a case ( mi/ak5 belief only1 & t !y are n also unruly & oppose !mselves to ! temporal p[]8 7#ag1 #bahh47 ,to 8 fri5d ,cress] he wrote3 ,if ! c\rts wi% to gov]n ! *ur*es 9 _! own int]e/s1 ,god w )draw ,8 b5$iction f !m1 & ?+s w become worse ?an be=e4 ,satan /ill is ,satan4 ,"u ! ,popes he made ! ,*ur* m$dle 9 politics2 9 our "t he wi%es to make politics m$dle ) ! ,*ur*4 7#ba;b1 #biaa4 ,translations by ,w>+47 ,b :y did n ^! excell5t pr9ciples atta9 bett] results 9 ,lu!r's own "t8 ,on ?is "q we h no bett] answ] ?an t giv5 by ,bryce3 ,! rem>k mu/ n be omitt$ 9 pass+ h[ mu* less ?an might h be5 expect$ ! religi\s movem5t did at fir/ actually effect 9 ! way ( promot+ ei!r political progress or fre$om ( consci5ce4 ,! habits ( c5turies 7 n to be unle>n$ 9 a few ye>s1 & x 0 natural t ideas /ruggl+ into exi/5ce & activity %\ld "w err+ly & imp]fectly = a "t4 7,holy ,roman ,empire1 p4 #cha47 ,?is w\ld be ,lu!r's own answ]4 ,8 "w 0 among p :o 7 j em]g+ f ! ignorance & spiritual bondage 9 :i* !y _h be5 re>$ 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,!y _h to be gradually & ) mu* pati5ce taught1 n only 9 reg>d to _! rights & privileges1 b also 9 reg>d to _! prop] & mo/ effici5t application4 ,b x is n 9 agreem5t ) ! facts :5 ! *>ge is direct$ aga9/ ,lu!r t he employ$ ! au?ority ( ! ,/ate = fur!r+ ! ends ( ! ,*ur* because he urg$ ! ,saxon ,elector to arrange = a visitation ( ! demoraliz$ *ur*es 9 ! c\ntry1 & to ord] su* improvem5ts to be made z w\ld be f\nd necess>y 7,erlang5 ,ed4 #ee1 #bbc72 also :5 he s\ght ! ,elector's aid = ! re=m p>ty at ,naumburg at ! election ( a new bi%op 7#ag1 #aac74 ,9 bo? in/ances he speaks ( ! ,elector z a ,notbis*(1 t is1 an em]g5cy bi%op4 ,b 8 rem>ks mu/ be c>efully /udi$ to get 8 exact mean+4 ,= he decl>es t ! ,elector z a magi/rate is "u no obligation to att5d to ^! matt]s4 ,!y are n /ate bus9ess4 ,b he is ask$ z a ,*ri/ian to place himself at ! head ( a laudable & necess>y movem5t1 & to place 8 influ5ce & ability at ! disposition ( ! ,ma/]1 j z a ,*ri/ian labor]1 craftsman1 m]*ant1 musician1 pa9t]1 poet1 au?or1 consecrate _! abilities to ! ,"l4 ,?is means t ! em]g5cy bi%op has n ! "r to issue comm&s 9 ! ,*ur*1 b he has ! privilege & duty to s]ve4 ,! p ne$$ a lead]1 & :o 0 bett] qualifi$ = t ?an _! tru/$ pr9ce8 ,besides1 ! *ur*es _h to be protect$ 9 _! secul> & civil int]e/s 9 ^? days4 ,! "y ,prote/ant fai? w\ld h be5 m]cilessly extirpat$ by ,rome1 :i* 0 ga!r+ ! secul> p[]s ar\nd h] to fight h] battles ) mat]ial weapons aga9/ ,prote/ants4 ,! ,prote/ant pr9ces w\ld h betray$ a tru/ :i* citiz5s rightly repose 9 _! gov]nm5t1 if !y _h n tak5 /eps to af=d ! ,prote/ant *ur*es 9 _! doma9s e legal protection4 ,! protection ( citiz5s 9 ! ex]cise ( _! religi\s lib]ty is )9 ! sph]e ( ! civil magi/rates4 ,! citiz5s c appeal to ! gov]nm5t = su* protection1 & :5 ! gov]nm5t 9 ! int]e/ ( religi\s lib]ty represses elem5ts t are ho/ile1 x is n intol]ant1 b j4 ,if a religion1 l t ( ! bomb-?r[+ an>*i/s & ! vice-bre$+ ,mormons1 is =bidd5 to practise its fai? 9 ! l&1 t is n intol]ance1 b common equity4 ,"o ( ! mo/ pa!tic spectacles :i* ! /ud5t ( m$ieval hi/ory has to contemplate is ! treatm5t ( ! ,jews at ! h&s ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,few 7 ! mon>*s ( ,*ri/5dom1 says ,pr(4 ,worman1 :o rose above ! b>b>ism ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,by consid]able pecuni>y sacrifices only c\ld ! sons ( ,israel enjoy tol]ance4 ,9 ,italy _! lot _h always be5 mo/ sev]e4 ,n[ & !n a ,roman pontiff w\ld af=d !m 8 protection1 b1 z a rule1 !y h receiv$ only intol]ance 9 t c\ntry4 ,d[n ev5 to ! "t ( ! deposition ( ,pius ,,ix f ! temporal p[] 7#ahaj7 x has be5 ! b>b>\s cu/om1 on ! la/ ,saturday be=e ! ,c>nival1 to compel ! ,jews to proce$ en masse to ! capitol1 & ask p]mission ( ! pontiff to reside 9 ! city ano!r ye>4 ,at ! foot ( ! hill ! petition 0 refus$ !m1 b1 aft] mu* entreaty1 !y 7 grant$ ! favor :5 !y _h rea*$ ! summit1 & z _! resid5ce ! ,ghetto 0 assign$ !m4 ,9 ,france a prelate condemn$ ! ,jews because ! c\ntry p look$ ^u !m z ! only p ( ,god1 :]eupon all jo9$ 9 a c>nival ( p]secution1 & ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews became no?+ else ?an a successive s]ies ( massacres4 ,9 ,spa9 ! ,jews 7 treat$ m k9dly by ! ,moors ?an by ! ,ca?olics4 ,at fir/ _! s]vices 7 valu$ 9 ! crafts & trades1 b ! extravagance & consequ5t pov]ty ( ! nobles1 z well z ! increas+ p[] ( ! prie/hood1 ultimately br\ght ab\t a disa/r\s *ange4 ,! e/ates ( ! nobles &1 x is also believ$1 ^? atta*$ to ! ca!drals & *ur*es1 7 9 _m cases mortgag$ to ! ,jews2 h5ce x 0 n difficult = 'consci5ce' to get up a p]secution :5 goad$ to its 'duty' by ! pressure ( want & %ame4 ,gradually ! ,jews 7 depriv$ ( ! privilege ( liv+ :]e !y pleas$2 _! rights 7 dim9i%$ & _! taxes augm5t$4 ,to _! l[e/ /age ( mis]y1 h[ev]1 ! ,jews 7 r$uc$ dur+ "o ( ! mo/ holy ent]prises :i* ! papacy laun*$ dur+ ! ,middle ,ages--! ,crusades4 ,! crusad+ movem5t 0 inaugurat$ by a :olesale massacre & p]secution fir/ ( ! ,jew1 & aft]w>ds ( ! ,mussulman4 4 4 4 ,%ut out f all opportunity = ! developm5t ( _! bett] qualities1 ! ,jews 7 gradually r$uc$ to a decl9e bo? 9 "* & condition4 ,f a le>n$1 influ5tial1 & p[]ful class ( ! community1 we f9d !m1 aft] ! inauguration ( ! ,crusades1 s9k+ into mis]able outca/s2 ! common prey ( cl]gy & nobles & burgh]s1 & exi/+ 9 a /ate worse ?an slav]y itself4 ,! ,*ri/ians depriv$ ! ,jews ev5 ( ! "r ( hold+ real e/ate2 & conf9$ !m to ! n>r[] *annels ( traffic4 ,_! ambition be+ ?us fix$ ^u "o subject1 !y soon ma/]$ all ! degrad+ arts ( accumulat+ ga92 & prohibit$ f inve/+ _! ga9 9 ! pur*ase ( l&1 !y f\nd n m pr(itable employm5t ( x 9 l5d+ x at usuri\s int]e/ to ! ?\ghtless & extravagant4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ! borr[]s rec\p$ _! losses by inaugurat+ raids ^u ! ,jews4 ,jew-bait+1 p]secutions1 expatriations ( ,jewi% settl]s1 7 ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury #af1jjj ,jews 7 expell$ f ,engl& & _! prop]ty confiscat$4 ,9 ,g]many !y _h to pay all mann] ( iniquit\s taxes--body tax1 capitation tax1 trade taxes1 coronation tax1 & to pres5t a multitude ( gifts1 to mollify ! av>ice or supply ! necessities ( emp]or1 pr9ces1 & b>ons4 ,x did n suffice1 h[ev]1 to save !m f ! loss ( _! prop]ty4 ,! populace & ! l[] cl]gy also mu/ be1 satisfi$2 !y1 too1 _h passions to gratify4 ,a :olesale slaught] ( ! 'enemies ( ,*ri/ianity' 0 inaugurat$4 ,treves1 ,metz1 ,cologne1 ,m5tz1 ,worms1 ,spires1 ,/rassburg1 & o!r cities 7 delug$ ) ! blood ( ! 'unbeliev]s4' ,! ^w ,hep 7said to be ! initials ( ,hi]osolyma e/ p]dita1 ,j]usalem is tak57 ?r\gh\t all ! cities ( ! empire became ! signal = massacres1 & if an ins5sate monk s\nd$ x along ! /reets1 x ?rew ! rabble into p>oxysms ( murd]\s rage4 ,! *oice ( dea? or conv]sion 0 giv5 to ! ,jews2 b few 7 f\nd will+ to pur*ase _! life by t =m ( p]jury4 ,r ?an subject _! (fspr+ to conv]sion & su* ,*ri/ian tra9+1 fa!rs pres5t$ _! brea/ to ! sword aft] putt+ _! *ildr5 to dea?1 & wives & virg9s s\ght refuge f ! brutality ( ! soldi]s by ?r[+ !mselves into ! riv] ) /ones fa/5$ to _! bodies4 7,mc,clintock & ,/rong ,cyclop41 #d1 #ijh f47 ,all ?is happ5$ "u ! mo/ ,*ri/ian rule ( ! ,popes4 ,! *>act]i/ic temp] ( ! ,jew 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 8 fi]ce hatr$ ( ,*ri/ianity1 8 sull5 mood1 8 blasphem\s treatm5t ( matt]s & objects sacr$ to ,*ri/ians1 are ! result ( ! treatm5t he receiv$ ev5 f ! memb]s & high (ficials ( ! ,*ur*4 ,n[ "h comes ,rome 9 our day ass]t+ ! k9dness & g5]osity %[n ! ,jews by _! ,popes1 because ^! af=d$ !m %elt] 9 ! ,ghetto ( ! ,holy ,city6 ,h[ diff]5tly1 !y say1 0 ?is f ! treatm5t accord$ ! ,jews by ,lu!r4 ,:y1 ^! ,ca?olic writ]s d n tell ! hundr$? "p ( ! tru? ab\t ! attitude ( _! ,*ur* to ! ,jews 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,let ?is be rememb]$ :5 ,lu!r's rem>ks ab\t ! ,jews are tak5 up = /udy4 ,he is v outspok5 aga9/ !m2 8 utt]ances1 h[ev]1 relate = ! mo/ "p to ! false tea*+ & religi\s practises1 to _! p]v]sion ( ! text & ! mean+ ( ! ,scriptures1 & to ! blasphemies :i* !y utt] aga9/ ,god1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ,8 ,*ur*1 & to ! lies :i* !y assidu\sly spread ab\t ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,9 all t ,lu!r says aga9/ ! ,jews "u ?is head he is simply dis*>g+ ! functions ( a tea*] ( ,*ri/ianity2 = ,scripture says t x 0 giv5 also = repro( 7#b ,tim4 #c1 #af74 ,no "o c be a true !ologian )\t be+ polemical on occasion4 ,9 ano!r class ( 8 ref]5ces to ! ,jews ,lu!r ref]s to _! "*3 _! arrogance & pride1 _! /iffneck$ness & contumacy1 _! gre$ & av>ice1 :i* makes _! pres5ce 9 any l& a public calamity4 ,?\gh _! *ur* & /ate has long be5 ov]?r[n1 & !y are a p )\t a c\ntry1 homeless w&]]s on ! face ( ! e>?1 !y /ill boa/ ( be+ ! p ( ,god1 & are indulg+ ! wilde/ dreams ab\t ! ree/abli%m5t ( _! anci5t k+dom4 ,!y are look+ = a ,messiah :o w be a secul> pr9ce1 & w make !m all b>ons liv+ 9 beautiful ca/les & receiv+ ! tribute ( ! ,goyim4 ,"o may reason & plead ) !m & %[ !m t _! belief contradicts _! own ,scriptures1 t _! ,talmud is fill$ ) palpable falsehoods1 & t _! hope is a *im]a2 b !y turn a deaf e> to argum5t & entreaty1 & turn ^u y ) fi]ce res5tm5t at y\r ef=ts to %[ !m ! tru?4 ,al?\gh !y "k t _! habits ( grasp+ & ho>d+ weal?1 driv+ h>d & unfair b>ga9s1 _! hunt+ = small pr(its by contemptible me?ods l hungry dogs se>*+ ! (fal 9 ! alley1 r\ses ! enmity ( communities aga9/ !m & causes !m to become a blight to all true progress1 to hone/ trade & bus9ess 9 any l& :]e !y h become firmly e/abli%$1 s t laws mu/ be made aga9/ !m1 /ill !y bl9dly & passionately cont9ue _! covet\s /riv+s4 ,:5 ,lu!r obs]ves ! corrupt+ influ5ce ( ! ,jews on ! public life & morals1 he decl>es t !y ought to be expell$ f ! c\ntry1 & _! synagogs ought to be de/roy$1 t is1 !y h des]v$ ?is treatm5t4 ,b x is a rem>kable fact t ev5 9 ^! t]rible d5unciations ( ! ,jews ,lu!r moves on ,bible gr\nd1 z any "o c see t w exam9e 8 exposition ( an imprecatory psalm1 l ,psalm #aji & #ei4 ,if ^! words ( ,god mean any?+ & admit ( any application to an apo/ate & h>d5$ race1 ! ,jews are t race1 & a tea*] ( ! ,bible has ! duty to po9t out ?is fact4 ,b ,lu!r has n be5 a ,jewbait]2 he has n incit$ a riot aga9/ !n1 nor head$ a raid ^u !m1 z ,pr(4 ,worman tells u t ,ca?olic prie/s 9 ! ,middle ,ages occasionally w\ld d4 ,:at ,lu!r ?\ght ( p]secut+ ! ,jews = _! religion c be se5 f 8 exposition ( ,psalm #ad4 ,he did n believe 9 a g5]al conv]sion ( ! ,jews1 b he held t individual ,jews w\ld ev] & anon be won = ,*ri/ & w\ld be graft$ on ! olive-tree ( ! true ,*ur*4 ,!re=e1 he says1 we ought to condemn ! rage ( "s ,*ri/ians--if !y really des]ve to be call$ ,*ri/ians--:o ?9k t !y are do+ ,god a s]vice by p]secut+ ! ,jews 9 ! mo/ hateful mann]1 imag9+ all mann] ( evil ab\t !m1 pr\dly & haughtily mock+ !m 9 _! pitiful mis]y4 ,accord+ to ! /atem5t 9 ?is ,psalm 7,ps4 #ad1 #g7 & ! example ( ! ,apo/le ,paul 9 ,rom4 #i1 #a1 we ought r to feel a pr(\nd & cordial pity = !m & always pray = !m4 4 4 4 ,by _! tyrannical be>+ ^! wick$ p1 :o are nom9ally ,*ri/ians1 cause n a little injury1 n only to ! cause ( ,*ri/ianity1 b also to ,*ri/ian p1 & !y are responsible =1 & %>]s 91 ! impiety ( ! ,jews1 because by _! cruel be>+ t[>d !m !y drive !m away f ! ,*ri/ian fai? in/ead ( attract+ !m ) all possible g5tl5ess1 pati5ce1 plead+1 & anxi\s conc]n = !m4 ,!re are ev5 "s !ologians s unreasonable z to sanction su* cruelty to ! ,jews & to enc\rage p to x2 9 _! pr\d conceit !y ass]t t ! ,jews are ! ,*ri/ians' slaves & tribut>y to ! emp]or1 :ile 9 tru? !y are !mselves ,*ri/ians ) z mu* "r z any "o n[adays is ,roman ,emp]or4 ,good ,god1 :o w\ld want to jo9 our religion1 ev5 ?\gh he 7 ( a meek & submissive m9d1 :5 he sees h[ spitefully & cruelly he is treat$2 & t ! treatm5t he c expect is n only un*ri/ian1 b worse ?an be/ial8 ,if hat+ ,jews & h]etics & ,turks makes p ,*ri/ians1 we insane p w\ld inde$ be ! be/ ,*ri/ians4 ,b if lov+ ,*ri/ makes ,*ri/ians1 we are beyond a d\bt worse ?an ,jews1 h]etics1 & ,turks1 because no "o loves ,*ri/ less ?an we4 ,! rage ( ^! p rem9ds me ( *ildr5 & fools1 :o1 :5 !y see a picture ( a ,jew on a wall1 g & cut out 8 eyes1 pret5d+ t !y want to help ! ,"l ,*ri/4 ,mo/ ( ! prea*]s dur+ ,l5t treat ( no?+ else ?an ! cruelty ( ! ,jews t[>ds ! ,"l ,*ri/1 :i* !y are cont9ually magnify+4 ,?us !y embitt] believ]s aga9/ !m1 :ile ! ,gospel aims only at %[+ & exalt+ ! love ( ,god & ,*ri/4 7#d1 #ibg47 ,! ,ca?olic claim t ! ,m>yl& ,colony 9 ! days ( ! ,calv]ts became ! fir/ home ( true religi\s lib]ty on ,am]ican soil has be5 s (t5 bla/$ by hi/orians t "o is loa? to ent] ^u ?is mo?-eat5 claim = fe> ( m]ely repeat+ :at o!rs h m exhau/ively /at$4 ,ca?olics seem to =get :at ,bi%op ,p]ry has call$ att5tion to3 ,! ,m>yl& *>t] ( tol]ation 0 ! gift ( an ,engli% mon>*1 ! nom9al head ( ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & ! cr$it ( any m]it 9 ?is donative is due ! giv]1 & n ! recipi5t1 ( ! k+ly grant4 ,pr(4 ,fi%] has call$ att5tion to ano!r fact3 ,only two ref]5ces to religion are to be f\nd 9 ! ,m>yl& *>t]4 ,! fir/ gives to ! propriet>y patronage & adv[son ( *ur*es4 ,! second emp[]s him to erect *ur*es1 *apels1 & oratories1 :i* he may cause to be consecrat$ accord+ to ! ecclesia/ical laws ( ,engl&4 ,! phraseology is copi$ f ! ,avalon pat5t 7drawn up 9 ,engl& 9 #afbc = a portion ( ! colony ( ,newf\ndl&7 t 0 giv5 to ,sir ,george ,calv]t 7fir/ ,"l ,baltimore7 :5 he 0 a memb] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,yet ! t]ms 7 su* t recognition ( t ,*ur* z ! e/abli%$ =m ( religion does n prev5t ! propriet>y & ! colony f ! ex]cise ( full tol]ation t[>d o!r ,*ri/ian bodies4 7,colonial ,era1 p4 #fd47 ,! ,m>yl& ,colony 0 admitt$ly organiz$ z a bus9ess v5ture1 & its orig9al memb]s 7 l>gely ,prote/ants4 ,x 0 to secure ! f9ancial int]e/s ( ! propriet>y t tol]ance 0 %[n ! coloni/s4 ,pr(4 ,fi%] says3 ,any attempt to proscribe ,prote/ants w\ld h prov$ spe$ily fatal to ! exi/5ce ( ! colony4 ,9 a docum5t :i* emanat$ p>tly f ,baltimore himself1 x is decl>$ to be evid5t t ! di/9ctive privileges 'usually grant$ to ecclesia/ics ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* by ,ca?olic pr9ces 9 _! own c\ntries c\ld n be possibly grant$ h]o 79 ,m>yl&7 )\t great (f5se to ! ,k+ & ,/ate ( ,engl&4' 7p4 #fc47 ,we h n ! space 9 ?is review ( ,ca?olic *>ges & claims to g into ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! ,m>yl& ,colony z we %\ld l to d2 o!rwise we %\ld expla9 ! ma*9ations ( ! ,jesuits 9 ?is colony1 & prove t :at tol]ance ,m>yl& 9 its e>ly days enjoy$ x ow$ to ! prepond]at+ influ5ce ( non-,ca?olic =ces4 ,x requires an unusual am\nt ( c\rage = a ,ca?olic writ] at ?is late day to p>ade 8 ,*ur* z ! "m & protectress ( religi\s lib]ty & tol]ance4 ,any p]son :o has b a smatt]+ k ( ! hi/ory ( ! _w dur+ ! la/ f\r c5turies w smile at ?is claim4 ,! old ,rome ( ! days ( ! ,inquisition & ! auto da fes may seem tol]ant 9 our days1 b %e is s f %e] necessity1 n f any volunt>y & joy\s *oice ( h] own4 ,h] intol]ant pr9ciples rema9 ! same1 only %e has n ! p[] to c>ry !m into effect4 ,"o ( ! ,ca?olic bi%ops :o 0 oppos$ to ! dogma ( papal infallibility1 ,re9k5s1 publi%$ a book be>+ ! rem>kable title ,revolution & ,*ur*4 ,9 ?is book a ?\ght is sugge/$ :i* connects ! ,roman ,curia ) political di/urbances t occur 9 ! _w4 ,! au?or reg>ds ! decl>ation ( papal infallibility z ano!r /ep =w>d 9 ! imp]iali/ic program ( ! ,curia look+ t[>ds _w-dom9ion4 ,he argues t x is 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,vatican policies to fom5t tr\ble & bre$ revolutions 9 ! commonweal?s ( ! _w4 ,! ?\ghts ( ! ,roman ,curia1 he says1 are n ! ?\ghts ( ,god4 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z x is ^! latt] t are realiz$ ) increas+ =ce 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 & t animate ! =mation ( e true civil & ecclesia/ical in/itution1 ! ,curia is gradually =c$ into a conflict ) ! :ole _w4 4 4 4 ,! ,curia 7to c>ry its aims into effect7 tries "o la/ means3 its la/ attempt is to br+ ab\t a revolution4 ,z '! ,*ur*' succe$$ 9 digg+ h] *>t] out ( ! ru9s ( ! commonweal?s ( ! anci5t _w1 s ! spirits ( ,vaticanism hope aga9 to rebuild ! palace ( _! dom9ion out ( ru9s4 7p4 #d47 ,aga93 ,bi%op ,hefele ent]ta9s ! fe> t ! rec5t elevation ( ! ,pope to p[] 7! infallibility dogma7 w soon become ! prim>y dogma 9 ! in/ruction ( *ildr54 ,we regret to say t ?is fe> has prov5 well f\nd$3 all ! gov]nm5ts1 ev5 ! ,g]man1 aid 9 ?is in/ruction ( ! s*ool*ildr51 because !y reta9 religi\s in/ruction on a confessional basis we 9 ,am]ica say on sect>ian l9es1 h5ce also t prescrib$ by ! ,vatican1 z obligatory1 & ! infallibili/ cl]gy is sal>i$ by ! ,/ate = provid+ ?is in/ruction ,! div9e au?ority ( ! ,pope ext5d+ ov] all m5 t5ds to di/urb ! m9ds ( ! *ildr5 9 ! s*ools3 !y are taught at an e>ly age to obey ! ,vic]eg5t ( ,god 9 pref]5ce to obey+ ! ,emp]or & ! ,/ate4 ,9 ! high] s*ools ?is is done by ! cl]gy t is commission$ to tea* 9 su* s*ools4 7p4 #g47 ,aga93 ,! ,roman ord] ( ! ,jesuits is n only spread l a net ov] all c\ntries1 b x s9ks its roots into e age1 sex1 e/ate1 & loos5s & =ces ap>t ! ligam5ts ( civil in/itutions4 7p4 #h47 ,lu!r's views on human free w are br\ght =w>d once m to %[ t 8 tea*+ necess>ily is ho/ile to lib]ty4 ,lu!r's fam\s reply to ,erasmus ,on ! ,bondage ( ! ,w is made to d yeoman's s]vice 9 ?is respect4 ,:at ,lu!r has decl>$ reg>d+ ! sov]eignty ( ,god's rul]%ip ov] m51 reg>d+ ! relation ( ,god also to ! evil exi/+ 9 ?is _w1 reg>d+ ! abs5ce ( *ance 9 ! affairs ( m51 reg>d+ man's utt] helplessness ov] & aga9/ ! supreme w ( ,god1 is cit$ to prove t ,lu!r's tea*+ leads1 n to lib]ty1 b ei!r to recklessness or despair4 ,lu!r's views on ! captive1 or enslav$1 w are decl>$ to be ! mo/ degrad+ & demoraliz+ tea*+ t m5 h be5 (f]$ dur+ ! la/ c5turies4 ,lu!r's fam\s illu/ration1 viz41 t man is l a horse :i* ei!r ,god or ! devil rides1 has prompt$ ! foll[+ rem>ks ( "o ( ,lu!r's mo/ rec5t critics3 ,?is p>able summ>izes ! :ole ( ,lu!r's tea*+ on ! vital & all-important subject ( man's free w4 4 4 4 ,all :o are hone/ & fe>less ( consequ5ces mu/ admit 9 franke/ t]ms t ,lu!r's tea*+ on free w1 z exp\nd$ 9 8 book1 & explicitly mak+ ,god ! au?or ( man's evil ?\ghts & de$s1 _c b l5d a mighty =ce to ! passions & ju/ify ! grosse/ violations ( ! moral law4 ,inde$1 ! enemy ( s\ls1 z ,&]son rem>ks1 'c\ld n inspire a doctr9e m likely to effect 8 wick$ designs ?an ,lu!r's tea*+ oil ! enslavem5t ( ! human w4' ,!re is a dogmatic reason = ?is excoriation ( ,lu!r3 ,rome's tea*+ ( righte\sness by works & human m]it4 ,! same au?or says1 9 imm$iate connection ) ! =ego+3 ,lik5+ man to a 'bea/ ( burd51' does ,lu!r n ma9ta9 t man is utt]ly p[]less 'by reason ( 8 fall5 nature' to lead a godly life1 & m]it by ! practise ( virtue ! rew>ds ( et]nal happ9ess8 ,does he n say3 ',x is writt5 9 ! he>ts ( m5 t !re is no fre$om ( w1' t 'all takes place 9 accordance ) inexorable necessity1' & t1 ev5 '7 free w (f]$ him1 he %\ld n c>e to h x'8 ,b does n all ?is contradict ! ,_s ( ,god :51 speak+ 9 ! ,book ( ,ecclesia/icus1 ,he says3 ',be=e man is life & dea?1 good & evil2 t :i* he %all *oose %all be giv5 him'8 ,we submitt$ 9 *ap4 #ae ! ,scriptural evid5ce on ! spiritual disability ( man4 7,! passage f ,ecclesia/icus 9 ! la/ quotation is n ,scripture47 ,x is useless to argue ) a p]son :o refuses to accept ?is tea*+ ( ,scripture4 ,we c only repeat :at we said be=e3 ,let ! advocates ( human free w proce$ to d :at !y claim !y are able to d1 & d x ?or\ghly4 ,no "o w begrudge !m ! cr[n ( glory :5 !y obta9 x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y w h none b !mselves to blame if !y d n obta9 x4 ,9 ! light ( ,god's holy ,^w1 9 ! light1 moreov]1 ( ! exp]i5ce ( ! mo/ spiritual-m9d$ & sa9tly m5 t h liv$ on e>?1 we see 9 ! claim ( ! advocates ( human free w reg>d+ ! fulfilm5t ( ,god's ,law no?+ b a va9 boa/1 & a mo/ mis*iev\s attempt to be sm>t] ?an ,god4 ,! !ory ( salvation by m]it is ! mo/ disa/r\s risk t ! human he>t c take4 ,*ri/ has m]cifully w>n$ m5 n to take ?is risk4 ,if !y w n he> ,him1 !y w h to p]i% 9 _! s9s 7,john #h1 #bd74 ,9 *ap4 #ae we also expla9$ ,lu!r's views on human free w 9 ! affairs ( ?is life4 ,we only h to add a ^w on ! subject ( cont+5cy4 ,are ,lu!r's ,ca?olic1 critics really s bl9d z n to see t man ev5 9 8 ord9>y affairs ( common e-day life is subject to ! inscrutable gov]nm5t ( ,god8 ,our physical life 9 its mo/ trivial aspects is entirely dep5d5t n only on ! laws ( nature1 :i* are no?+ b ! ord] :i* ! ,creator has appo9t$ = ! creat$ univ]se1 b also on extraord9>y acts ( ,god ov] :i* no man has control4 ,! f>m] s[s 8 :eat & expects to reap a crop4 ,h[8 ,by reason ( ! p[] ( g]m9ation :i* ! ,creator has put 9 ! gra91 & ! laws :i* gov]n atmosph]ic *anges1 :i* laws1 aga91 ! ,creator gov]ns4 ,! f>m] c d no?+ to make ! :eat gr[ & rip54 ,he is utt]ly dep5d5t ^u ,god4--,a m]*ant decides t he w make a bus9ess trip to ,new ,york4 ,he w leave ! next morn+ on ! n9e o'clock tra94 ,he ord]s 8 transportation1 & ! next morn+-he does n leave4 ,some?+ happ5$2 ,i _h to *ange my plans1 he tells 8 fri5ds4 ,ah1 says our ,ca?olic critic1 b 0 he n free to *ange 8 m9d8 ,we say3 ,y may talk z mu* z y wi% ab\t ! p]son's fre$om2 ! fact rema9s t ! p]son w\ld n h *ang$ 8 m9d unless he _h to4 - ,let u foll[ ?is m]*ant a little fur!r3 ,he actually />ts on 8 trip two days lat]4 ,he is to arrive at 8 de/9ation at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon ( ! next day1 & v mu* dep5ds on 8 arriv+ j at t "t4 ,b he does n ev5 get to ,c9c9nati4 ,some?+ happ5$1 he wires to 8 fri5d4 ,& n[ 8 human free w goes into op]ation aga93 he *anges 8 m9d4 - ,man proposes1 b ,god disposes1 ?is belief is in]adicably writt5 into ! consci\sness ( all intellig5t m51 ev5 ( intellig5t pagans1 & no philosophy ( free w w wipe x out4 ,! wise f>m]1 aft] he has f9i%$ s[+ 8 field1 says1 ,god will+1 ,i %all reap a good crop4 ,! wise m]*ant says1 ,god will+1 ,i %all be 9 ,new ,york to-morr[4 ,& ,god approves ( ?is wise res]vation :i* causes ! prud5t to submit _! mo/ ord9>y actions to div9e revision4 ,he says 9 ,jas4 #d1 #ac-af3 ,g to n[1 ye t say1 ,to-day or to-morr[ we w g into su* a city1 & cont9ue !re a ye>1 & buy & sell1 & get ga91 :]eas ye "k n :at %all be on ! morr[4 ,= :at is y\r life8 ,x is ev5 a vapor t appe>e? = a little "t1 & !n vani%e? away4 ,= t ye ought to say1 ,if ! ,"l w1 we %all live1 & d ?is1 or t4 ,b n[ ye rejoice 9 y\r boa/+s3 all su* rejoic+ is evil4 ,let ,lu!r's ,ca?olic critics wre/le ) ^! & simil> texts ( ,scripture1 ) ^! & simil> facts ( daily life4 ,lu!r has rightly decl>$ ! sov]eignty ( ,god a mighty ax & ?und]bolt t %att]s ! ass]tion ( human free w4 ,we h %[n t ,lu!r is no fatali/4 ,8 w>n+1 on ! "o h&1 n to disreg>d ! secret w ( ,god1 & on ! o!r1 n to seek to f9d x out1 is a ma/]piece ( wisdom4 ,9 view ( ! absolute sov]eignty ( ,god & man's absolute dep5d5ce ^u x1 ,lu!r urges man to g to "w 9 8 *os5 occupation 9 *ildlike reliance ^u ,god4 ,he is to employ to ! utmo/ capacity all 8 ,god-giv5 en]gies ( m9d & body & "w z if ev]y?+ dep5d$ on 8 indu/ry1 /r5g?1 prud5ce1 ?rift1 plann+1 & arrang+4 ,hav+ done all1 he is to say3 ,de> ,"l1 x is all subject to ,?y approval4 ,?\ art ,ma/]2 d ,?\ boss my bus9ess4 ,if ,?\ ov]rule/ my plans1 ,i h no?+ to say2 ,?\ kn[e/ bett]4 ,n my w1 b ,?9e1 be done4 ,?is is ! :ole tru? 9 a nut%ell t ,lu!r drives home 9 t "p ( 8 reply to ,erasmus :i* treats ( cont+5cy4 ,if ev] /atem5ts g>bl$ f ! context are unfair to ! au?or1 :at ! ,ca?olics are con/antly do+ 9 quot+ ,lu!r on ! ,bondage ( ! ,w is "o ( ! mo/ gl>+ exhibitions ( unfairness on record4 ,?is treatise ( ,lu!r des]ves to be /udi$ ?or\ghly & repeat$ly1 & measur$ aga9/ ! facts ( ! common exp]i5ce ( all m54 ,= a pr(itable /udy ( ?is treatise !re is1 moreov]1 requir$ a v humble m9d1 a m9d t kn[s its s91 & is s9c]e 9 ackn[l$g+ its insuffici5cy4 ,! g5]ation ( ,lu!r & ! g5]ations aft] him h _h ?is p>ticul> tea*+ ( ,lu!r be=e !m f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,:at effect has x _h on human progress 9 e field ( secul> activity 9 ,prote/ant l&s8 ,has x creat$ t *aos & confusion :i* ,ca?olics claim x mu/ inevitably lead to8 ,q ! contr>y has happ5$4 ,& n[ let ! patrons ( ! !ory ( human free w measure _! own success z record$ by hi/ory aga9/ t ( ,prote/ants4 #be4 ,! ,adam & ,eve ( ! ,new ,gospel ( ,concub9age4 ,?is is ! honor>y title :i* ,ca?olics be/[ ^u ,m>t9 ,lu!r & ,ca!r9e von ,bora1 :o 7 m>ri$ ,june #ac1 #aebe1 dur+ ! ,peasants' ,w>4 ,lu!r 0 =ty-two ye>s old at ! "t & 8 bride pa/ tw5ty-six4 ,%e _h left ! cloi/] two ye>s be=e h] m>riage1 & _h f\nd employm5t dur+ t "t 9 ! home ( "o ( ! citiz5s ( ,witt5b]g4 ,_! fir/ *ild1 ,hans1 0 born ,june #g1 #aebf4 ,! gr\nds on :i* ,ca?olics object to ?is m>riage are1 *iefly1 ?ree4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y decl>e ! m>riage ! outcome ( an impure relation :i* _h exi/$ betwe5 ,lu!r & ,ca!r9e prior to _! m>riage4 ,! m>riage _h virtually become a matt] ( necessity1 to prev5t great] sc&al4 ,moreov]1 9 ?is impure relation%ip ,lu!r ) 8 lascivi\s & lu/ful m9d1 9 :i* fle%ly desires 7 cont9ually rag+1 _h be5 ! prime mov]4 ,! second gr\nd on :i* ,ca?olics object to ,lu!r's m>riage is1 because ,lu!r held pr(ess$ly l[ views ( ! virtue ( *a/ity & ! /ate ( matrimony4 ,he _h /ripp$ matrimony ( its sacram5tal "*1 & reg>d$ x z a m]e physical necessity & a social & civil contract4 ,?irdly1 ,ca?olics criticize ,lu!r's m>riage because x 0 ent]$ into by bo? ! contract+ p>ties 9 violation ( a sacr$ v[3 ,lu!r _h be5 a monk & ,ca!r9e a nun1 bo? sworn to p]petual celibacy4 ,moral cleanness is indelibly /amp$ ^u hundr$s ( pages ( ,lu!r's writ+s4 ,! ,six? ,comm&m5t 9 its wid] application to ! mutual relation ( ! sexes & ! sexual condition ( ! individual 0 to ,lu!r ! solemn voice ( ,god by :i* ! holy & wise ,creator gu>ds & protects ! f\nta9s :5ce spr+s human life4 ,because !re is among u1 he says1 su* a %ameful mixture & ! v dregs ( all k9ds ( vice & lewdness1 ?is comm&m5t is also direct$ aga9/ all mann] ( impurity1 :atev] x may be call$2 & n only is ! ext]nal act =bidd51 b e k9d ( cause1 incitem5t1 & means1 s t ! he>t1 ! lips1 & ! :ole body may be *a/e & af=d no opportunity1 help1 or p]suasion = impurity4 ,& n only ?is1 b t we may also def5d1 protect1 & rescue :]ev] !re is dang] & ne$2 & give help & c\nsel1 s z to ma9ta9 our neighbor's honor4 ,= :]ev] y all[ su* a ?+ :5 y c\ld prev5t x1 or connive at x z if x did n conc]n y1 y are z truly guilty z ! "o p]petrat+ ! de$4 ,?us x is requir$1 9 %ort1 t e "o bo? live *a/ely himself & help 8 neighbor d ! same4 7,l>ge ,cate*ism1 p4 #dai47 ,! reason :y ,god 9 ! ,six? ,comm&m5t ref]s to only "o =m ( sexual impurity ,lu!r /ates correctly ?us3 ,he expressly m5tions adult]y1 because among ! ,jews x 0 a comm& & appo9tm5t t e "o mu/ be m>ri$4 ,!re=e also ! "y 7 e>ly m>ri$1 s t ! /ate ( celibacy 0 held 9 small e/eem1 nei!r 7 public pro/itution & lewdness tol]at$ z n[4 ,!re=e adult]y 0 ! mo/ common =m ( un*a/ity among !m4 7,ibid47 ,9 8 ,appeal to ! ,g]man ,nobility ,lu!r says3 ,is x n a t]rible ?+ t we ,*ri/ians %\ld ma9ta9 public bro!ls1 ?\gh we all v[ *a/ity 9 our baptism8 ,i well "k all t c be said on ?is matt]2 t x is n peculi> to "o nation1 t x w\ld be difficult to demoli% x1 & t x is bett] ?us ?an t virg9s1 or m>ri$ wom51 or honorable wom5 %\ld be di%onor$4 ,b %\ld n ! spiritual & temporal p[]s comb9e to f9d "s means ( meet+ ^! difficulties )\t any su* hea!n practise8 ,if ! p ( ,israel exi/$ )\t ?is sc&al1 :y %\ld n a ,*ri/ian nation be able d s8 ,h[ d s _m t[ns & villages manage to exi/ )\t ^! h\ses8 ,:y %\ld n great cities be able to d s8 4 4 4 ,x is ! duty ( ^? 9 au?ority to see ! good ( _! subjects4 ,b if ^? 9 au?ority consid]$ h[ "y p might be br\ght toge!r 9 m>riage1 ! prospect ( m>riage w\ld help e man & protect him f temptations4 7#aj1 #cdi2 transl4 by ,w>+47 ,?is is ! ,lu!r ( :om ,ca?olic writ]s say t he w\ld n be consid]$ qualifi$ to sit ) a mod]n ,vice ,commission4 ,b :at ab\t ! _m co>se ref]5ces 9 ,lu!r's writ+s to sexual matt]s-ref]5ces :i* are unpr9table n[adays8 ,d ^! n %[ t ,lu!r 0 f> f be+ ev5 an ord9>y g5tleman1 t he 0 deprav$ 9 ?\ght & vulg> nauseat+1 9 spee* :5ev] he approa*$ ! subject ( m>riage & sexual conditions8 ,we h j cit$ a few ( ,lu!r's ref]5ces to ^! matt]s4 ,!y are clean & prop]4 ,we c\ld fill pages ) !m1 & !y w\ld prove mo/ pr(itable read+ 9 our loose1 pr(ligate1 & adult]\s age4 ,^? o!r ref]5ces :i* are also f\nd 9 ,lu!r's writ+s %\ld be /udi$ 9 _! connection4 ,leav+ out ( ! acc\nt humor\s ref]5ces & playful rem>ks1 :i* only malice c twi/ into a lascivi\s mean+1 !y are indignant & scornful expo/ulations ) ! def5d]s & practis]s ( vice t flaunt$ its %ame 9 ! face ( ! public4 ,righte\s ang] w give a p]son ! c\rage to speak out boldly & 9 no m9c+ words ab\t ?+s :i* o!rwise nauseate him4 ,:5 ,ca?olic writ]s cull f ,lu!r vile & disgu/+ rem>ks ab\t sexual affairs1 x %\ld be inve/igat$ to :om ,lu!r made ^? rem>ks1 & :at reason he _h = mak+ !m4 ,!re is ano!r side to ?is matt]1 & t conc]ns m$ieval ,ca?olicism itself4 ,we h indicat$ 9 sundry places 9 ?is review ! social conditions 9 respect ( ! sex relations t exi/$ "u ! spiritual sov]eignty ( ! ,roman ,*ur* 9 ,lu!r's day 9 ! v city ( ,rome1 & _h gr[n up & 7 be+ fo/]$ by h] lead+ m54 ,lu!r's ref]5ces to lu/fulness are p>ad$ z evid5ce ( ! lu/ t 0 consum+ him2 !y are1 9 reality1 evid5ces ( ! lu/ t he knew to be rag+ 9 v prom95t p ) :om he _h deal+s4 ,lu!r's words & tea*+ w\ld c\nt = little if 8 p]sonal conduct & 8 acts 7 9 op5 contradiction to 8 *a/e pr(essions4 ,we w\ld simply h to set him d[n z a hypocrite4 ,b s w\ld ! p 9 ,lu!r's own day h done4 ,x is a poor argum5t to say t ! common p 7 no mat* = ,lu!r 9 an argum5t4 ,!y 7 c[$ into sil5ce1 !y 7 afraid to tell him to 8 face t he ought to practise :at he prea*$4 ,lu!r's "w prov$ ! spiritual emancipation ( ! common p1 & "o ( ! effects :i* m>k 8 re=matory "w is ! intellig5t layman1 :o =ms 8 own judgm5t on :at he he>s & sees1 & speaks out to 8 sup]iors4 ,! ,witt5b]g]s 9 ,lu!r's day 7 n a set ( n9nies2 ! con/ant association ) ! pr(essors & /ud5ts ( ! univ]sity1 ! gr[+ fame ( _! t[n1 :i* br\ght _m /rang]s to x1 important civil & religi\s affairs on :i* !y _h to come to a decision1 _h made _m ( !m f>-sight$ & resolute m5 ( affairs4 ,lu!r's home life be=e & aft] 8 m>riage 0 op5 to public inspection z few homes are4 ,! mo/ intimate & delicate affairs _h to be arrang$ be=e company at times4 ,9 a small t[n-& ,witt5b]g 0 no mod]n metropolis-:at "o p]son kn[s becomes public in=mation 9 a %ort "t4 ,small communities h no secrets1 or at lea/ f9d x extremely difficult to h any4 ,b ! lewdness :i* ,lu!r attack$ 9 8 writ+s on *a/ity exi/$ *iefly among p]sons ( weal? & among ! nobility4 ,n a few ( !m res5t$ ,lu!r's invectives aga9/ _! mode ( life4 ,!y surely did n lack ! c\rage nor ! ability to express !mselves 9 retaliation aga9/ ,lu!r if !y _h kn[n him to be immoral himself :ile prea*+ morality to o!rs4 ,la/1 n lea/1 !re 7 ! ,ca?olic prie/s & dignit>ies ( ! ,roman ,*ur* ^: sc&al\s life ,lu!r expos$4 ,aside f _! disagreem5t f ,lu!r 9 po9t ( doctr9e1 p]sonal rev5ge animat$ n a few ( !m ) ! desire to f9d a flaw 9 ,lu!r's conduct4 ,a few reckless spirits among !m ins9uat$ & decl>$ op5ly t ,lu!r 0 immoral1 b ! animus back ( ! *>ge 0 s well und]/ood at ! "t1 & ! p :o 7 9 daily & close t\* ) ,lu!r 7 s fully conv9c$ ( ! purity ( 8 life1 t ! *>ges 7 treat$ ) contempt4 ,lu!r's life f ! age ( pub]ty to 8 m>riage 01 inde$1 a fight aga9/ temptations to un*a/ity4 ,is x any?+ else 9 ! case ( o!r m58 ,! physical effects ( adolesc5ce1 z we rem>k$ be=e1 are a natural & morally pure ph5om5on2 ,lu!r's frank way ( speak+ ( !m does n make !m impure4 ,b ?is physical condition 9 a gr[+ "y man or woman may become ! occasion = impure acts4 ,aga9/ ^! ,lu!r /rove z e ,*ri/ian /rives aga9/ !m :o has n ! special grace ( :i* our ,"l speaks ,matt4 #ai1 #ab1 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! v]se4 ,lu!r _h 8 fle% fairly well 9 subjection to ! ,_s4 ,hi/ory has n record$ ^? acts ( immorality :i* 8 enemies ins9uate or op5ly *>ge him )4 ,! illegitimate *ildr5 :i* are imput$ to him 7 born 9 ,ca?olic fancy4 ,8 con/itutional amor\s prop5sities1 too1 are fiction4 ,?\gh ,lu!r admits a few mon?s prior to 8 m>riage t he we>s no armor plate ar\nd 8 he>t1 x is kn[n t he _h be5 all 8 life any?+ r ?an a ladies' man4 ,lu!r's c\rt%ip ( ,ca!r9e--if we may call x t--0 almo/ void ( romance4 ,! n9e nuns :o _h fl$ f ! cloi/] at ,nimps*5 to escape ! impurities ( ! life ( celibacy1 _h turn$ to ,witt5b]g 9 _! tr\ble4 ,!y 7 n seek+ new impurities1 b runn+ away f old ones4 ,:at 0 m natural ?an t !y %\ld seek ! protection ( ! man ^: tea*+ _h op5$ ! road to lib]ty = !m4 ,!y did n come to ,witt5b]g to surr5d] !mselves to ,lu!r1 b to seek 8 protection1 advice1 & help 9 beg9n+ a new1 natural life aft] ! unnatural life :i* !y _h be5 lead+4 ,lu!r respond$ to ! call ( di/ress4 ,he did n receive !m into 8 own domicile 9 ! cloi/] :]e he liv$1 b f\nd %elt] = !m ) k9d citiz5s ( ! t[n4 ,next1 he f\nd husb&s = !m4 ,9 less ?an two ye>s aft] ! escape f ! cloi/] all _h be5 respectably m>ri$1 except ,ca!r9e4 ,a love-affair ( h]s ) ,j]ome ,baumga]tn] ( ,nu]nb]g _h t]m9at$ unhappily1 9 spite ( ,lu!r's urg+ ! "y man4 ,ano!r *oice :i* ,lu!r propos$ to h]--,dr4 ,glatz ( ,orlamu5de--0 decl9$ p]emptorily by ,ca!r9e1 because1 x seems1 %e _h read ! man's "*4 ,9 decl9+ ?is second (f]1 ,ca!r9e _h made compla9t to ,lu!r's fri5d ,amsdorf t ,lu!r 0 try+ to m>ry h] aga9/ h] w4 ,%e appe>s to h be5 a frank & resolute woman2 9 h] conv]sation ) ,amsdorf %e rem>k$ t h] decision w\ld be altoge!r diff]5t if ei!r he or ev5 ,lu!r 7 to ask = h] h&4 ,?is 0 n1 z has be5 said1 a bald invitation to ei!r ( ^! two g5tlem51 b only ,ca!r9e's en]getic way ( expla9+ :at sort ( a husb& %e w\ld l1 & :y %e w\ld n take ,glatz4 ,amsdorf s und]/ood h] rem>k & made no?+ ( x4 ,by an accid5t he came to relate x to ,lu!r six mon?s lat]1 :5 ! latt] _h writt5 to him 9 great despond5cy1 describ+ 8 lonely life & ! disord]ly /ate ( 8 domicile :i* ne$$ v mu* ! c>e ( a woman's h&4 ,!n x 0 t ,amsdorf relat$ :at ,ca!r9e _h rem>k$4 ,lu!r _h nev] ?\ght ( h] 9 su* a relation4 ,he _h be5 attract$1 x seems1 by ano!r ( ! n9e escap$ nuns1 ,ave von ,s*o5feld1 b :atev] affection he may h ent]ta9$ = h] mu/ h be5 a pass+ incid5t1 nev] s]i\sly ent]ta9$1 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t at t "t ,lu!r decl>$ t he w\ld live & die a ba*elor4 ,besides1 ,ave _h n[ be5 happily m>ri$ to ano!r4 ,at ?is juncture ! influ5ce ( ano!r woman ent]s into ! private life ( ,lu!r4 ,argula von ,/auf51 a noblewoman :o _h be5 won ov] to ! cause ( ! ,re=mation & 0 actively engag$ 9 break+ d[n ! p[] ( ! hi]>*y ev5 by h] p51 wrote to ,lu!r1 express+ h] surprise t he :o _h writt5 s ably & s well on ! holy e/ate ( matrimony 0 /ill s+le4 ,among ! peasants1 too1 ! "q 0 be+ debat$ :e!r ,lu!r w\ld foll[ up 8 prea*+ ) ! logical action4 ,lu!r 0 rum9at+ on ^! matt]s :5 ! ,peasants' ,revolt broke out1 & ) !m 9 8 m9d w5t to ,mansfeld4 ,he soon rea*$ ! conclusion t he ow$ x to 8 pr(ession z a prea*] ( ! div9e ,^w1 to 8 ,creator1 to himself1 & to ! lonely ,ca!r9e to m>ry4 ,he =esaw t ! celibate cl]gy ( ,rome w\ld raise a hue & cry ab\t ! act1 b he consid]$ x a noble "w to (f5d ^! m51 because !y _h by _! law ( celibacy (f5d$ ! mo/ holy ,god4 ,he w\ld m>ry to spite all ( !m1 & ! ,pope1 & ! devil4 ,?is resolution 0 promptly c>ri$ out1 = ,lu!r 0 n 9 ! habit ( dally+ long ) s]i\s matt]s4 ,if he _h ask$ 8 timid fri5d ,melan*?on1 he w\ld mo/ likely h be5 advis$ aga9/ 8 m>riage4 ,fa9t-he>t$ ,philip 0 n ! man to advise 9 a matt] :i* at ! "t requir$ a h]oic fai?4 ,philip1 !re=e1 0 duly %ock$ :5 he he>d ab\t x4 ,8 con/]nation is n[ us$ by ,ca?olics to prove t he reg>d$ ,lu!r's m>riage z a wanton act prompt$ by lu/4 ,?is is utt]ly unhi/orical3 ,philip 0 only afraid ( ! wild talk t w\ld n[ be />t$ aga9/ all ( !m4 ,on ! "r & duty ( ! cl]gy to m>ry he believ$ ) ,lu!r4 ,& n[ a ^w ab\t ! *a/ity ( ,rome1 p>ticul>ly t peculi> br& :i* 0 inaugurat$ by ,gregory ,,vii = ! ,roman cl]gy & ! religi\s ( bo? sexes1 & rivet$ ^u !m by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t- ! *a/ity ( ! celibate /ate4 ,t ! unnatural pr9ciple _h nev] work$ out t[>d true *a/ity1 t ! robb]y :i* x has p]petrat$ on m5 & wom5 _h to be comp5sat$ = by connivance at1 & op5 p]mission (1 concub9age1 is a matt] ( curr5t k4 ,lu!r's advice to prie/s & bi%ops :o _h op5$ _! he>ts to him on ! /ate ( _! *a/ity to m>ry _! cooks1 ev5 if !y _h to d x secretly2 r ?an ma9ta9 ! o!r relation to !m1 0 a good man's ef=t to meet a grave difficulty z be/ he c\ld4 ,?is advice is n[ us$ to %[ t ,lu!r 0 ready to approve any k9d ( cohabitation4 ,! v opposite is true3 x 0 because he did n approve ( any k9d ( sexual int]c\rse1 b because he desir$ to obta9 "s k9d ( a legal "* = t relation1 t he gave ! advice to :i* we h ref]r$4 ,be=e ! assembl$ repres5tatives ( ! ,*ur* & ( ! ,g]man nation ! foll[+ /atem5ts 7 read 9 ,article ,,xxiii ( ! ,augsburg ,confession3 ,!re has be5 common compla9t conc]n+ ! examples ( prie/s :o 7 n *a/e4 ,= t reason1 also1 ,pope ,pius is report$ to h said t !re 7 c]ta9 reasons :y m>riage 0 tak5 away f prie/s1 b t !re 7 f> weighti] ones :y x ought to be giv5 back2 = s ,plat9a writes4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 our prie/s 7 desir\s to avoid ^! op5 sc&als1 !y m>ri$ wives1 & taught t x 0 lawful = !m to contract matrimony4 ,fir/1 because ,paul says 7#a ,cor4 #g1 #b73 ',to avoid =nication1 let e man h 8 own wife4' ,also 7#i73 ',x is bett] to m>ry ?an to burn4' ,secondly1 ,*ri/ says 7,matt4 #ai1 #aa73 ',all m5 _c receive ?is say+1' :]e ,he tea*es t n all m5 are fit to lead a s+le life2 = ,god creat$ man = procreation 7,g54 #a1 #bc74 ,nor is x 9 man's p[]1 )\t a s+ul> gift & "w ( ,god1 to alt] ?is creation4 ,!re=e1 ^? t are n fit to lead a s+le life ought to contract matrimony4 ,= no man's law1 no v[1 c annul ! comm&m5t & ord9ance ( ,god4 ,= ^! reasons ! prie/s tea* t x is lawful = !m to m>ry wives4 ,x is also evid5t t 9 ! anci5t ,*ur* prie/s 7 m>ri$ m54 ,= ,paul says 7#a ,tim4 #c1 #b7 t a bi%op %\ld be ! husb& ( "o wife4 ,& 9 ,g]many1 f\r hundr$ ye>s ago = ! fir/ "t1 ! prie/s 7 viol5tly compell$ to lead a s+le life1 :o inde$ (f]$ su* resi/ance t ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce1 :5 ab\t to publi% ! ,pope's decree conc]n+ ?is matt]1 0 almo/ kill$ 9 ! tumult rais$ by ! enrag$ prie/s4 ,& s h>% 0 ! deal+ 9 ! matt] t n only 7 m>riages =bidd5 = ! "t to come1 b also exi/+ m>riages 7 torn asund]1 contr>y to all laws1 div9e & human1 contr>y ev5 to ! canons !mselves1 made n only by ! ,popes1 b by mo/ celebrat$ c\ncils4 ,see+ also t1 z ! _w is ag+1 man's nature is gradually gr[+ weak]1 x is well to gu>d t no m vices /eal into ,g]many4 ,fur!rmore1 ,god orda9$ m>riage to be a help aga9/ human infirmity4 ,! old canons !mselves say t ! old rigor ought n[ & !n1 9 ! latt] times1 to be relax$ because ( ! weakness ( m52 :i*1 x is to be dev\tly wi%$1 7 also done 9 ?is matt]4 ,& x is to be expect$ t ! *ur*es %all at l5g? lack pa/ors1 if m>riage %\ld any long] be =bidd54 ,b :ile ! comm&m5t ( ,god is 9 =ce1 :ile ! cu/om ( ! ,*ur* is well kn[n1 :ile impure celibacy causes _m sc&als1 adult]ies1 & o!r crimes des]v+ ! puni%m5ts ( j magi/rates1 yet x is a m>vel\s ?+ t 9 no?+ is m cruelty ex]cis$ ?an aga9/ ! m>riage ( prie/s4 ,god has giv5 comm&m5t to honor m>riage4 ,by ! laws ( all well-ord]$ commonweal?s1 ev5 among ! hea!n1 m>riage is mo/ highly honor$4 ,b n[ m51 & also prie/s1 are cruelly put to dea?1 contr>y to ! int5t ( ! canons1 = no o!r cause ?an m>riage4 ,paul 79 #a ,tim4 #d1 #c7 calls t a doctr9e ( devils :i* =bids m>riage4 ,?is may n[ be readily und]/ood :5 ! law aga9/ m>riage is ma9ta9$ by su* p5alties4 ,b z no law ( man c annul ! comm&m5t ( ,god1 s nei!r c x be done by any v[4 ,accord+ly ,cyprian also advises t wom5 :o d n keep ! *a/ity !y h promis$ %\ld m>ry4 ,8 words are1 ^! 7,book ,i1 ,epi/le ,,xix73 ',b if !y be unwill+ or unable to p]sev]e1 x is bett] = !m to m>ry ?an to fall into ! fire by _! lu/s2 at lea/1 !y %\ld give no (f5se to _! bre?r5 & si/]s4' ,& ev5 ! canons %[ "s l5i5cy t[>d ^? :o h tak5 v[s be=e ! prop] age1 z h]et(ore has g5]ally be5 ! case4 7p4 #dh f47 ,n a ^w ( diss5t arose 9 ! augu/ assembly :ile ^! facts & argum5ts 7 pres5t$4 ,! ,g]mans _h n =gott5 ! riot\s proce$+s & ! cruel he>ta*es t 7 caus$ by ! en=cem5t ( ! decrees ( ! ,l5t5 ,synod ( #ajgd "u ! !ocratic ,gregory ,,vii1 :o want$ to set up a univ]sal mon>*y ov] ! :ole _w & requir$ an unm>ri$ prie/hood z 8 consecrat$ army4 ,9 8 hi/orical novel1 ,die ,letzt5 ihres ,ges*le*ts1 ,m4 ,ru$ig] has graphically describ$ ! sc5es enact$ ?r\gh\t ,g]many :5 ,gregory's inhuman ord] 0 put into effect4 ,simil> /atem5ts reg>d+ prie/ly celibacy are f\nd 9 ,art4 ,,xxvii ( ! ,fir/1 & 9 ,art4 ,,xxix ( ! ,second ,helvetic ,confession ( ! ,re=m$4 ,! ,episcopal ,*ur* has decl>$ itself to ! same effect 9 ,art4 ,,xxxii ( ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles4 ,h[ev]1 did n ,lu!r & ,ca!r9e bo? p]jure !mselves by m>ry+8 ,:at ab\t _! religi\s v[1 :i* _h be5 giv5 to ,god8 ,also on ?is matt] we might cite ,lu!r's num]\s /atem5ts & expository writ+s1 b we pref] to quote aga9 ! ,augsburg ,confession :i* grew out ( ,lu!r's te/imony = ! tru?4 ,9 ,article ,,xxvii ! ,lu!ran confessors /ate3 ,:at is taught on our "p conc]n+ mona/ic v[s w be bett] und]/ood if x be rememb]$ :at has be5 ! /ate ( ! mona/]ies1 & h[ _m ?+s 7 daily done 9 ^? v mona/]ies1 contr>y to ! canons4 ,9 ,augu/9e's "t !y 7 free associations4 ,aft]w>d1 :5 discipl9e 0 corrupt$1 v[s 7 ev]y:]e add$ = ! purpose ( re/or+ discipl9e1 z 9 a c>efully plann$ prison4 ,gradually1 _m o!r obs]vances 7 add$ besides v[s4 ,& ^! fett]s 7 laid ^u _m be=e ! lawful age1 contr>y to ! canons4 ,ca!r9e von ,bora _h tak5 ! veil at ! age ( sixte54 ,_m also ent]$ into ?is k9d ( life ?r\gh ignorance1 be+ unable to _! own /r5g?1 ?\gh !y 7 ( suffici5t age4 ,be+ ?us ensn>$1 !y 7 compell$ to rema91 ev5 ?\gh "s c\ld h be5 fre$ by ! provision ( ! canons4 ,& ?is 0 m ! case 9 conv5ts ( wom5 ?an ( monks1 al?\gh m consid]ation %\ld h be5 %[n ! weak] sex4 ,?is rigor displeas$ _m good m5 be=e ?is "t1 :o saw t "y m5 & maid5s 7 ?r[n into conv5ts = a liv+1 & :at un=tunate results came ( ?is proc$ure1 & :at sc&als 7 creat$1 :at sn>es 7 ca/ ^u consci5ces6 ,!y 7 griev$ t ! au?ority ( ! canons 9 s mom5t\s a matt] 0 utt]ly despis$ & set aside4 ,to ^! evils 0 add$ an op9ion conc]n+ v[s1 :i*1 x is well kn[n1 9 =m] times1 displeas$ ev5 ^? monks :o 7 m ?\ghtful4 ,!y taught t v[s 7 equal to ,baptism2 !y taught t1 by ?is k9d ( life1 !y m]it$ =giv5ess ( s9s & ju/ification be=e ,god4 ,yea1 !y add$ t ! mona/ic life n only m]it$ righte\sness be=e ,god1 b ev5 great] ?+s1 because x kept n only ! precepts1 b also ! s-call$ 'evangelical c\nsels4' ,?us !y made m5 believe t ! pr(ession ( mona/icism 0 f> bett] ?an ,baptism1 & t ! mona/ic life 0 m]e m]itori\s ?an t ( magi/rates1 ?an ! life ( pa/ors & su* l1 :o s]ve _! call+ 9 accordance ) ,god's comm&s1 )\t any man-made s]vices4 ,none ( ^! ?+s c be d5i$2 = !y appe> 9 _! own books4 4 4 4 ,^! ?+s we h rehe>s$ )\t odi\s exagg]ations1 to ! end t ! doctr9e ( our tea*]s1 on ?is po9t1 might be bett] und]/ood4 ,fir/1 conc]n+ su* z contract matrimony4 ,"h ! #bg? ,article rehe>ses 9 ! ma9 ! argum5t ( ,article ,,xxiii4 ,9 ! second place1 :y d our adv]s>ies exagg]ate ! obligation or effect ( a v[1 :51 at ! same "t1 !y h n a ^w to say ( ! nature ( ! v[ itself1 t x ought to be 9 a ?+ possible1 free1 & *os5 spontane\sly & delib]ately8 ,b x is n kn[n to :at ext5t p]petual *a/ity is 9 ! p[] ( man4 ,& h[ few are !y :o h tak5 ! v[ spontane\sly & delib]ately6 ,"y m5 & maid5s1 be=e !y are able to judge1 are p]suad$1 & sometimes ev5 compell$1 to take ! v[4 ,:]e=e x is n fair to insi/ s rigor\sly on ! obligation1 s9ce x is grant$ by all t x is aga9/ ! nature ( a v[ to take x )\t spontane\s & delib]ate action4 4 4 4 ,b al?\gh x appe>s t ,god's comm& conc]n+ m>riage deliv]s _m f _! v[s1 yet our tea*]s introduce also ano!r argum5t conc]n+ v[s to %[ t !y are void4 ,= e s]vice ( ,god orda9$ & *os5 ( m5 )\t comm&m5t ( ,god to m]it ju/ification & grace is wick$ z ,*ri/ says 7,matt4 #ae1 #i73 ',9 va9 !y wor%ip ,me ) ! comm&m5ts ( m54' ,& ,paul tea*es ev]y:]e t righte\sness is n to be s\ght by our own obs]vances & acts ( wor%ip devis$ by m51 b t x comes by fai? to ^? :o believe t !y are receiv$ by ,god into grace = ,*ri/'s sake4 ,! confessors !n proce$ to %[ h[ spiritual pride 0 fo/]$ by ! monki% tea*+ ( p]fection1 & h[ by _! rites & ord9ances & rules ! true wor%ip ( ,god 0 obscur$1 & m5 7 )drawn f useful pursuits 9 life to be buri$ 9 cloi/]s4 ,!y conclude3 ,all ^! ?+s1 s9ce !y are false & empty1 make v[s null & void4 7p4 #eg ff47 ,lu!r nev] _h tak5 8 own nor o!r monks' v[s lightly4 ,he spoke & wrote to ,melan*?on f ! ,w>tburg aga9/ ! m]e ?r[+ (f ( ! v[s on ! gr\nd t !y 7 n b9d+ anyway4 ,he argu$ ! sacr$ness ( ! oa?1 & held t fir/ ! consci5ces ( ^? b\nd by v[s mu/ be set free ?r\gh ! evangelical tea*+2 !n1 :5 !y are qualifi$ to make an intellig5t *oice on spiritual gr\nds1 !y may disc>d _! v[s4 ,:5 he m>ri$ ,ca!r9e1 he _h long become a free man 9 8 m9d4 ,s _h ,ca!r9e4 ,lu!r is *>g$ ) hav+ ent]ta9$ a purely secul> view ( ! ess5ce ( m>riage4 ,x is true t ,lu!r repudiat$ ! ,ca?olic view ( ! sacram5tal "* ( matrimony4 ,by ! tea*+ ( ! ,roman ,*ur* a legal m>riage c be effect$ only by ! ratification ( ! m>riage-promise & ! bless+ spok5 ov] ! c\ple by a consecrat$ prie/1 :o ?us1 by 8 (ficial quality1 imp>ts to ! m>riage :i* he solemnizes a sacr$ "*4 ,9 ,lu!r's days x 0 held t ! ,*ur* alone prop]ly _h jurisdiction ov] ! "q ( m>riage1 & ! canonical laws 7( ! ,*ur*7 includ$ civil z well z spiritual affairs4 ,lu!r repudiat$ ^! canonical laws on ! subject ( m>riage1 & sep>at$ its civil f its ecclesia/ical aspect4 ,he ma9ta9$ t m>riage1 z ! basis ( all family rights1 lies entirely )9 ! prov9ce ( ! ,/ate1 & ma/ be regulat$ ( necessity by ! civil gov]nm5t4 ',m>riage & ! m>ri$ /ate1' he decl>$ 9 8 ,traubue*le9 7#aj1 #gba71 'are civil matt]s1 9 ! managem5t ( :i* we prie/s & m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur* mu/ n int]m$dle4 ,b :5 we are requir$1 ei!r be=e ! *ur*1 or 9 ! *ur*1 to bless ! pair1 to pray ov] !m1 or ev5 to m>ry !m1 !n x is our b\nd5 duty to d s4' 7,w>+1 p4 #bba47 ,9 #aijf1 a papal decree 0 publi%$ :i* decl>es any betro?al or m>riage ent]$ into by a ,ca?olic ) a ,ca?olic1 or by a ,ca?olic ) a non-,ca?olic1 to be valid only on condition t ei!r ! betro?al or ! m>riage take place 9 ! pres5ce or ) ! sanction ( a ,ca?olic prie/ ,?is decree is kn[n z ! ,ne ,tem]e decree4 ,x is call$ ?us accord+ to a cu/om prevail+ 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* by :i* ! (ficial deliv]ances ( ! ,popes are cit$ by giv+ ! initial ^w1 or words1 ( su* a deliv]ance4 ,! two ,lat9 t]ms ,ne ,tem]e are a w>n+ aga9/ reckless action1 & ! reckless action int5d$ is ! "o indicat$ above4 ,we quote a few /atem5ts f ! ,ne ,tem]e decree1 f ! "w ( ,dr4 ,leitn] ( ,passau1 :i* 0 issu$ 9 its fif? edition at ,reg5sburg 9 #aijh4 ,dr4 ,leitn] is a ,ca?olic pr(essor at ,passau & be>s ! title ,doctor ( ,!ology & ,canon ,law4 ,dr4 ,leitn]'s book is 9 ,g]man3 ,die ,v]lobungs- und ,ehes*liessungs=m na* dem ,dekrete ,ne ,tem]e1 :i* means1 ,! ,=m ( ,betro?al & ,m>riage accord+ to ! ,ne ,tem]e ,decree4 ,?r\gh\t 8 book ! au?or cites ! orig9al language ( ! papal deliv]ance4 ,! decree reaffirms1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! decree ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 to ?is effect3 ,! ,holy ,congregation decl>es any p]son :o d>es to ent] into ! e/ate ( matrimony1 except ^u lic5se f ! p>i% prie/ or ( "s o!r prie/ ( ! same p>i%1 or ( ! ord9>y1 & ( two or ?ree witnesses1 incapacitat$ = su* a contract1 & contracts ( ?is k9d are decl>$ null & void4 7p4#i47 ,reg>d+ betro?als ! decree decl>es3 ,only su* betro?als are reg>d$ z valid & efficaci\s1 accord+ to ! law ( ! ,*ur*1 z are set d[n 9 a docum5t sign$ by ! contract+ p>ties & by ! p>i% prie/1 or ! local ord9>y1 & by at lea/ two witnesses4 ,reg>d+ m>riage ! decree h&s d[n ! foll[+ rul+3 ,only su* m>riages are valid z are ent]$ into 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p>i% prie/1 or ! local ord9>y1 or ( a prie/ delegat$ = ! purpose by ei!r ( ^!1 & ( two witnesses4 ,aga93 ,to ! above law are am5able all p]sons baptiz$ 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 also :o h jo9$ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* f errori/ or s*ismatic societies 7not)/&+ ! fact t ei!r =m] or ! latt] h apo/atiz$ lat]7 :5ev] !y ent]$ into betro?al or matrimony4 ,la/ly3 ,! laws apply to ! a=5am$ ,ca?olics :5ev] !y ent] into betro?al or matrimony ) non-,ca?olics1 baptiz$ or n1 ev5 :5 !y h obta9$ a disp5sation f ! ob/acle ( a mix$ religion or ( a disp>ity ( cult2 except ! ,holy ,see decrees o!rwise = a c]ta9 or locality4 ,! op]ations ( ?is decree h be5 peculi>4 ,"s c\ntries z ,g]many & ,belgium1 promptly secur$ exemption f x4 ,9 ,canada ! decree has caus$ law suits4 ,"o ( !m1 ,mor9 vs4 ,le ,croix1 0 tri$ 9 ,ju/ice ,gre5%ield's c\rt at ,montreal1 ,june #ba1 #aiab4 ,! judge 9 8 rul+ said2 ,no ,*ur*1 be x ! p[]ful ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 or ! equally great & p[]ful ,anglican ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 possesses any au?ority to ov]rule ! civil law4 ,su* au?ority z any ,*ur* has 79 ! matt] ( m>riages7 is giv5 x by ! civil law & is subs]vi5t to ! civil law4 ,! ,prote/ant ,magaz9e1 9 ,vol4 ,,iv1 ,no4 #b1 publi%$ a facsimile ( a baptismal c]tificate = ,anna ,susanna ,dagonya1 daught] ( ,/eph5 ,dagonya1 ,roman ,ca?olic1 & ,m>y ,csoma1 ,re=m$1 :o 7 m>ri$ at ,p]? ,amboy1 ,n4 ,j41 ,augu/ #d1 #aiji1 by ,rev4 ,l\is ,nannassy1 ,re=m$4 ,_! *ild 0 born ,novemb] #f1 #aiaj1 & baptiz$ by ,rev4 ,francis ,gross1 prie/ ( ! ,holy ,cross ,*ur* at ,p]? ,amboy4 ,9 writ+ out ! baptismal c]tificate1 ! prie/ has /at$ t ! *ild is illegitimate1 & t ! p>5ts are liv+ 9 concub9age4 ,"u ! civil laws ( mo/ /ates ! ,ne ,tem]e decree w lead to actions = libel4 ,z relat$ to ! au?ority ( ! ,/ate1 x is riot\s & s$iti\s4 ,= ! ,/ate w protect ev5 ^? = :om ! decree is specially publi%$ 9 _! civil rights z ov] aga9/ _! ,*ur*4 ,b ! decree %[s to :at absurdities ! logical application ( ,rome's tea*+ on matrimony leads4 ,concub9age--t is ! "n :i* x applies to e m>riage :i* %e has n sanction$4 ,m>riages ( ?is k9d began to be celebrat$ 9 c\ntries :i* ,rome _h !ret(ore held firmly "u its jurisdiction1 :5 ,m>t9 ,lu!r & ,ca!r9e von ,bora 7 m>ri$4 ,accord+ly1 !y are entitl$ to ! di/9ction ( be+ call$ ! ,adam & ,eve ( ! non-,ca?olic p>adise ( concub9age :i* pret5ds to be matrimony4 ,en\gh said4 #bf4 ,lu!r an ,advocate ( ,polygamy4 ,dur+ ! debate on ! abolition ( polygamy ,congressman ,rob]ts ( ,utah1 on ,janu>y #bi1 #aijj1 made a spee* 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 9 :i* he said3 ,"h1 9 ! resid5t portion ( ?is city y erect$--,may #ba1 #ahhd--;a magnific5t /atue ( /]n old ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 ! f\nd] ( ,prote/ant ,*ri/5dom4 ,y hail him z ! apo/le ( lib]ty & ! inaugurator ( a new & prosp]\s era ( civilization = mank9d1 b he himself sanction$ polygamy ) :i* ,i am *>g$4 ,= me y h scorn1 = him a monum5t4 ,tak+ 8 cue f ?is ,mormon speak]1 "o ( ! mo/ rec5t ( ,lu!r's ,ca?olic critics rem>ks3 ,let ! wives & mo!rs ( ,am]ica pond] well ! polygam\s phase ( ! ,re=mation be=e !y say ',am5' to ! unsavory & braz5 laudations ( ! pr(ligate oppon5t ( ,*ri/ian m>riage1 ,*ri/ian dec5cy1 & ,*ri/ian propriety4 ,comp>e ! tea*+s ( ,lu!r on polygamy ) ^? ( ,joseph ,smi?1 ! ,mormon prophet & vision>y1 & see _! /rik+ simil>ity4 ,mormonism 9 ,salt ,lake ,city1 9 ,utah1 :i* has br\ght s mu* disgrace to ! ,am]ican p1 is b a legitimate outgr[? ( ,lu!r & ,lu!ranism4 ,?is1 !n1 is :at w h to be done3 a comp>ison w h to be in/itut$ betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r & t ( ! ,mormon prophet on ! subject ( polygamy4 ,we may assume t ! tea*+s ( ! latt] are univ]sally kn[n1 & %all1 accord+ly1 conf9e ourselves to ,lu!r4 ,two curi\s facts may be not$ be=e we />t our inve/igation ( ,lu!r's writ+s3 #a4 ,is x n rem>kable t ,joseph ,smi? himself does n cite ,lu!r z 8 au?ority 9 def5se ( plural m>riages8 ,:at an impression w\ld ! man h made1 _h he kn[n :at ,mr4 ,rob]ts & "s ,ca?olics "k6 #b4 ,*>g+ ,lu!ranism1 t is1 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 ) tea*+ polygamy1 implies t ! confessional writ+s ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* conta9 ?is tea*+4 ,! p]son :o w furni% ! evid5ce = ?is *>ge f ! ,book ( ,concord1 :i* conta9s ! symbolical writ+s ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 w become fam\s4 ,mr4 ,rob]ts 0 n s bold z to embrace ,lu!ranism among ! sponsors ( 8 polygam\s cult2 he only spoke ( ,lu!r4 ,he 0 wise4 ,& n[1 :at does ,lu!r say on ! subject ( polygamy8 ,we pass by1 z unwor?y ( note1 ,lu!r's humor\s rem>ks made 9 a _s ( bant] to 8 wife1 t he w\ld m>ry ano!r wife4 ,only ill-w c f9d 9 ?is fri5dly je/ an evid5ce ( ,lu!r's polygam\s prop5sities4 ,s]i\s ref]5ces to ?is matt] occur 9 ,lu!r's rem>ks on ! practise ( polygamy among ! ,israelites4 ,! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ,abraham's relation to ,ag>1 ! two m>riages ( ,jacob1 ! regulations reg>d+ wom5 :o _h become captives 9 w>1 ! h>ems ( ! k+s ( ,judah & ,israel1--all ^! ,biblical records1 :i* h p]plex$ _m a /ud5t ( ! ,bible1 necess>ily int]e/$ ,lu!r z a !ologian & exp\nd] ( ! ,scriptures4 ,e read] ( ! ,bible has to =m an op9ion on ^! matt]s4 ,polygam\s ?\ghts1 !re=e1 did n orig9ate 9 ! lu/ful m9d ( ,lu!r1 b /atem5ts on ! subject ( polygamy 7 dem&$ ( him z a religi\s tea*]4 ,he held t ! polygam\s relations :i* ! ,bible notes among ! ,israelites1 ev5 among sa9tly memb]s ( ?is p1 mu/ be expla9$ ei!r on ! gr\nd ( a special disp5sation ( ,god = :i* we d n "k ! reason1 or !y mu/ be reg>d$ 9 ! same light z ,*ri/ reg>d$ ! divorces among ! ,jews ( ,8 day1 namely1 z ?+s :i* ,god p]mits among m5 because ( _! h>dness ( he>t1 & 9 ord] to prev5t great] evils4 7#c1 #aeef47 ,?is view det]m9$ ,lu!r's attitude t[>d ,c>l/adt1 aft] ?is turbul5t _s _h quitt$ ,witt5b]g & gone to ,orlamu5de1 :]e he advocat$1 among/ o!r ?+s1 ! introduction ( polygamy4 ,inasmu* z ,c>l/adt did n mean to en=ce 8 /range re=ms by arms1 z ,mu5z] & ! peasants 7 do+1 ,lu!r incl9$ to condone 8 views on polygamy4 ,he evid5tly reg>ds ?is matt] z a matt] ( public policy1 l pro/itution1 :i* e community & commonweal? mu/ regulate by su* /atutes z c be devis$1 because ( ! h>dness ( m5's he>ts4 ,lu!r has frequ5tly prop\nd$ ?is p]fectly s\nd view reg>d+ ! life & conduct ( non-,*ri/ians3 s9ce ^! p d n ackn[l$ge ! laws ( ,god z b9d+1 x matt]s little :at practises !y adopt4 ,all t c be done to keep ! animal impulses 9 !m some:at 9 *eck is to fix c]ta9 limits by means ( civil laws beyond :i* _! lic5se may n g4 ,= _! rejection ( ,god's laws !y w h to answ] to _! future ,judge4 ,9 a lett] address$ to ,joseph ,lev9 ,metzs* ( ,decemb] #i1 #aebf1 ,lu!r says3 ,y\r fir/ "q3 ,:e!r p]son may h m ?an "o wife8 ,i answ] ?us3 ,let unbeliev]s d :at !y please2 ,*ri/ian lib]ty1 h[ev]1 is regulat$ by love 7*>ity71 s t all t a ,*ri/ian does is done to s]ve 8 fell[-man1 provid$ only t he c r5d] su* s]vice )\t jeop>dy & damage to 8 fai? & consci5ce4 ,n[adays1 h[ev]1 ev]ybody is /riv+ = a lib]ty t pr(its & pleases him1 )\t reg>d = ! pr(it & improvem5t :i* 8 neighbor might d]ive f 8 action4 ,?is is contr>y to ! tea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul1 :o says3 ',all ?+s are lawful unto me1 b all ?+s are n exp$i5t' 7#a ,cor4 #f1 #ab74 ,only see t y\r lib]ty does n become an occasion to ! fle%4 4 4 4 ,moreov]1 al?\gh ! patri>*s _h _m wives1 ,*ri/ians may n foll[ _! example1 because !re is no necessity = do+ ?is1 no improvem5t is obta9$ !reby1 &1 especially1 !re is no ^w ( ,god to ju/ify ?is practise1 :ile great (f5se & tr\ble may come f x4 ,accord+ly1 ,i d n believe t ,*ri/ians any long] h ?is lib]ty4 ,god w\ld h to publi% a comm& t w\ld decl>e su* a lib]ty4 7#ba;a1 #ija f47 ,to ,clem5s ,urs9us1 pa/or at ,bruck1 ,lu!r writes "u date ( ,m>* #ba1 #aebg3 ,polygamy1 :i* 9 =m] times 0 p]mitt$ to ! ,jews & ,g5tiles1 _c be hone/ly approv$ ( among ,*ri/ians1 & _c be engag$ 9 ) a good consci5ce1 unless 9 an extreme case ( necessity1 z1 = in/ance1 :5 "o ( ! sp\ses is sep>at$ f ! o!r by leprosy or = a simil> cause4 ,accord+ly1 y may say to ! c>nal p 7) :om y h to d71 if !y want to be ,*ri/ians1 !y mu/ keep m>ri$ fidelity & bridle _! fle%1 n give x lic5se4 ,if !y want to be hea!n1 let !m d :at !y please1 at _! own risk4 7#ba;a1 #ibh47 ,9 8 comm5t on ! "q ( ! ,ph>isees reg>d+ divorce 7,matt4 #ai1 #c-f71 ,lu!r says3 ,_m divorces occur /ill among ! ,turks4 ,if a wife does n yield to ! husb&1 nor act accord+ to 8 :im & fancy1 he =?) drives h] out ( ! h\se1 & takes "o1 two1 ?ree1 or f\r additional wives1 & def5ds 8 action by appeal+ to ,moses4 ,!y h tak5 out ( ,moses su* ?+s z please !m & p&] to _! lu/4 ,9 ,turkey !y are v cruel to wom52 any woman t w n submit is ca/ aside4 ,!y toy ) _! wom5 l a dog ) a rag4 ,:5 !y are we>y ( "o woman1 !y quickly put h] b5ea? ! turf & take ano!r4 ,moses has said no?+ to ju/ify ?is practise4 ,my op9ion is t !re is no real m>ri$ life among ! ,turks2 !irs is a :ori% life4 ,x is a t]rible tyranny1 all ! m to be regrett$ because ,god does n )hold ! common bless+ f _! int]c\rse3 *ildr5 are procreat$ !reby1 & yet ! "m is s5t away by ! husb&4 ,= ?is reason !re is no true matrimony among ! ,turks4 ,9 my op9ion1 all ! ,turks at ! pres5t "t are ba/>ds4 7#g1 #ife47 ,all ?is is pla9 en\gh & %\ld suffice to secure ,lu!r aga9/ ! *>ge ( favor+ polygamy4 ,! seem+ admission t polygamy might be p]missible relates to cases = :i* ! laws ( all civiliz$ nations make provisions4 ,h[ a ,*ri/ian mu/ conduct himself 9 su* a case mu/ be decid$ on ! evid5ce 9 ea* case4 ,likewise1 ! ref]5ce to ! ,*ri/ian's lib]ty f ! law does n mean t ! ,*ri/ian has ! pot5tial "r to polygamy1 b x means t he mu/ ma9ta9 8 monogam\s relation f a free & will+ *oice to obey ,god's comm&m5ts 9 ! p[] ( ,god's grace4 ,polygamy1 ?is is ! firm conviction ( ,lu!r1 c\ld only be sanction$ if !re 7 a pla9 comm& ( ,god to t effect4 ,lu!r's rem>ks ab\t matrimony among ! ,turks %\ld be rememb]$ :5 ,ca?olics cite ,lu!r's rem>ks ab\t ,k+ ,ahasu]us dismiss+ ,va%ti & summon+ ,e/h]1 & ! "r ( ! husb& to take to himself 8 maid-s]vant :5 8 wife refuses him4 ,by all div9e & human laws ! matt] to :i* ,lu!r ref]s is a j gr\nd = divorce1 & t is all t ,lu!r decl>es4 ,b did n ,lu!r sanction ! bigamy ( ,philip ( ,hesse8 ,s he did4 ,lu!r's decision 9 ?is case mu/ be /udi$ 9 ! light ( all ! evid5ce :i* we possess4 ,ca?olic !ologians1 be=e all o!rs1 %\ld be able to appreciate ,lu!r's claim t :at 0 said to ! ,l&grave 0 said to him 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 z ! c\nsel :i* a confessor gave to a burd5$ consci5ce4 ,ca?olics fail to m5tion t ,lu!r repell$ bigam\s ?\ghts 9 ,philip ( ,hesse f\rte5 ye>s be=e ! ,l&grave took ,m>g>et von d] ,saal4 ,! evid5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! /ate ar*ives at ,kassel1 n[ at ,m>burg1 9 a fragm5t ( a lett] :i* ,ni$n] publi%$ 9 ! ,zeits*rift fu] hi/oris*e ,!ologie1 #aheb1 ,no4 #b1 p4 #bfe4 ,! lett] is dat$ ,novemb] #bh1 #aebf2 ,philip's bigam\s m>riage took place ,m>* #i1 #aedj4 ,9 ?is lett] ,lu!r says to ,philip3 ,z reg>ds ! o!r matt]1 my fai?ful w>n+ & advice is t no man1 ,*ri/ians 9 p>ticul>1 %\ld h m ?an "o wife1 n only = ! reason t (f5se w\ld be giv51 & ,*ri/ians mu/ n ne$lessly give1 b mo/ dilig5tly avoid giv+1 (f5se1 b also = ! reason t we h no ^w ( ,god reg>d+ ?is matt] on :i* we might base a belief t su* action w\ld be well-pleas+ to ,god & to ,*ri/ians4 ,let hea!n & ,turks d :at !y please4 ,"s ( ! anci5t fa!rs _h _m wives1 b !y 7 urg$ to ?is by necessity1 z ,abraham & ,jacob1 & lat] _m k+s1 :o accord+ to ! law ( ,moses obta9$ ! wives ( _! fri5ds1 on ! dea? ( ! latt]1 z an inh]itance4 ,! example ( ! fa!rs is n a suffici5t argum5t to conv9ce a ,*ri/ian3 he mu/ h1 9 addition1 a div9e ^w t makes him sure1 j z !y _h a ^w ( t k9d f ,god4 ,= :]e !re 0 no ne$ or cause1 ! anci5t fa!rs did n h m ?an "o wife1 z ,isaac1 ,joseph1 ,moses1 & _m o!rs4 ,= ?is reason ,i _c advise =1 b mu/ advise aga9/1 y\r int5tion1 p>ticul>ly s9ce y are a ,*ri/ian1 unless !re 7 an extreme necessity1 z1 = in/ance1 if ! wife 7 lepr\s or ! husb& 7 depriv$ ( h] = "s o!r reason4 ,on :at gr\nds to =bid o!r p su* m>riages ,i "k n 7#ba;a1 #ijj f47 ,?is lett] effect$ t ! ,l&grave did n c>ry out 8 int5tion1 b fail+1 nev]!less1 to lead a *a/e life1 he did n commune1 except once 9 extreme illness1 because ( 8 accus+ consci5ce4 ,h[ ,lu!r1 f\rte5 ye>s lat]1 0 induc$ to virtually rev]se 8 op9ion he has told himself 9 a l5g?y lett] to ! ,elector ,fr$]ick4 ,?is lett] is ,lu!r's be/ ju/ification4 ,x is dat$ ,june #aj1 #aedj1 & reads3 ,mo/ s]5e1 high-born ,elector1 mo/ graci\s ,"l3--,i am sorry to le>n t ,y\r ,grace is importun$ by ! c\rt ( ,dresd5 ab\t ! ,l&grave's bus9ess4 ,y\r ,grace asks :at answ] to give ! m5 ( ,meiss54 ,z ! affair 0 "o ( ! confessional1 bo? ,melan*?on & ,i 7 unwill+ to communicate x ev5 to ,y\r ,grace1 = x is "r to keep confessional matt]s secret1 bo? ! s9 confess$ & ! c\nsel giv51 & _h ! ,l&grave n reveal$ ! matt] & ! confessional c\nsel1 !re w\ld nev] h be5 all ?is nauseat+ unpleasantness4--,i /ill say t if ! matt] 7 br\ght be=e me to-day1 ,i %\ld n be able to give c\nsel diff]5t f :at ,i did4 ,sett+ ap>t ! fact t ,i "k ,i am n z wise z !y ?9k !y are1 ,i ne$ conceal no?+1 especially z x has already be5 made kn[n4 ,! /ate ( affairs is z foll[s3 ,m>t9 ,buc] br\ght a lett] & po9t$ out t1 on acc\nt ( c]ta9 faults 9 ! ,l&grave's wife1 ! ,l&grave 0 n able to keep himself *a/e1 & t he _h hi!rto liv$ 9 a way :i* 0 n good1 b t he w\ld l to be at "o ) ! pr9cipal heads ( ! ,evangelic ,*ur*1 & he decl>$ solemnly be=e ,god & 8 consci5ce t he c\ld n 9 future avoid su* vices unless he 7 p]mitt$ to take ano!r wife4 ,we 7 deeply horrifi$ at ?is tale & ! (f5se :i* mu/ foll[1 & we begg$ 8 ,grace n to d z he propos$4 ,b we 7 told aga9 t he c\ld n ab&on 8 project1 & if he c\ld n obta9 :at he want$ f u1 he w\ld disreg>d u & turn to ! ,emp]or & ,pope4 ,to prev5t ?is we humbly begg$ t if 8 ,grace w\ld n1 or1 z he av]r$ be=e ,god & 8 consci5ce1 c\ld n1 d o!rwise1 yet t he c\ld keep x a secret4 ,?\gh necessity compell$ him1 yet he c\ld n def5d 8 act be=e ! _w & ! imp]ial laws2 ?is he promis$ to d1 & we accord+ly agre$ to help him be=e ,god & cov] x up z mu* z possible ) su* examples z t ( ,abraham4 ,?is all happ5$ z ?\gh 9 ! confessional1 & no "o c accuse u ( hav+ act$ z we did will+ly or volunt>ily or ) pleasure or joy4 ,x 0 h>d en\gh = our he>ts1 b we c\ld n prev5t x1 we ?\ght to give 8 consci5ce su* c\nsel z we c\ld4--,i h inde$ le>n$ sev]al confessional secrets1 bo? :ile ,i 0 /ill a papi/ & lat]1 :i*1 if !y 7 reveal$1 ,i %\ld live to d5y or else publi% ! :ole confession4 ,su* ?+s belong n to ! secul> c\rts1 nor are !y to be publi%$4 ,god has "h ,8 own judgm5t1 & mu/ c\nsel s\ls 9 matt]s :]e no worldly law nor wisdom c help4 ,my preceptor 9 ! cloi/]1 a f9e old man1 _h _m su* affairs1 & once _h to say ( !m ) a sigh3 ',alas1 alas6 su* ?+s are s p]plex$ & desp]ate t no wisdom1 law1 nor reason c avail2 "o mu/ comm5d !m to div9e goodness4' ,s in/ruct$1 ,i h1 accord+ly1 9 ?is case also act$ agreeably to div9e goodness4--,b _h ,i kn[n t ! ,l&grave _h long be=e satisfi$ 8 desires1 & c\ld well satisfy !m ) o!rs1 z ,i h n[ j le>n$ t he did ) h] ( ,es*wege1 truly no angel w\ld h induc$ me to give su* c\nsel4 ,i gave x only 9 consid]ation ( 8 unavoidable necessity & weakness1 & to put 8 consci5ce out ( p]il1 z ,buc] repres5t$ ! case to me4 ,mu* less w\ld ,i ev] h advis$ t !re %\ld be a public m>riage1 to :i* 7?\gh he told me no?+ ( ?is7 a "y pr9cess & "y c\ntess %\ld come1 :i* is truly n to be borne & is insuff]able to ! :ole empire4 ,b ,i und]/ood & hop$1 z long z he _h to g ! common way ) s9 & %ame & weakness ( ! fle%1 t he w\ld take "s honorable maid5 or o!r 9 secret m>riage1 ev5 if ! relation did n h a legal look be=e ! _w4 ,my concession 0 on acc\nt ( ! great ne$ ( 8 consci5ce--su* z happ5$ to o!r great lords4 ,9 l mann] ,i advis$ c]ta9 prie/s 9 ! ,ca?olic l&s ( ,duke ,george & ! bi%ops secretly to m>ry _! cooks4--,?is 0 my confessional c\nsel ab\t :i* ,i w\ld mu* r h kept sil5ce1 b x has be5 wrung f me1 & ,i c\ld d no?+ b speak4 ,b ! m5 ( ,dresd5 speak z ?\gh ,i _h taught ! same = ?irte5 ye>s1 & yet !y give u to und]/& :at a fri5dly he>t !y h to u1 & :at great desire = love & unity1 j z if !re 7 no sc&al or s9 9 _! lives1 :i* are t5 times worse be=e ,god ?an any?+ ,i ev] advis$4 ,b ! _w mu/ always smugly rail at ! moat 9 its neighbor's eye1 & =get ! beam 9 its own eye4 ,if ,i mu/ def5d all ,i h said or done 9 =m] ye>s1 especially at ! beg9n+1 ,i mu/ beg ! ,pope to d ! same1 = if !y def5d _! =m] acts 7let alone _! pres5t ones71 !y w\ld belong to ! devil m ?an to ,god4--,i am n a%am$ ( my c\nsel1 ev5 if x %\ld be publi%$ 9 all ! _w2 b = ! sake ( ! unpleasantness :i* w\ld !n foll[1 ,i %\ld pref]1 if possible1 to h kept x secret4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 ) 8 own h&4 7#ba;b1 #bdfg2 transl4 by ,pres]v$ ,smi?47 ,ab\t a ye> lat] a ,hessian prea*]1 by ! "n ( ,johann ,l5+1 und]took to ju/ify ! bigamy ( ! ,l&grave4 ,"u ! pseudonym ,huldricus ,neobulus he publi%$ a ,dialogus1 t is1 an amicable conv]sation betwe5 two p]sons on ! "q :e!r x is 9 accordance )1 or contr>y to1 div9e1 natural1 imp]ial1 & spiritual laws = a p]son to h m ?an "o wife at a "t1 etc4 ,! writ] def5d$ bigamy4 ,9 an unf9i%$ reply to ?is book ,lu!r takes /rong gr\nds aga9/ him4 ,ref]r+ to ! au?or's argum5t t bigamy 0 sanction$ by ,moses1 ,lu!r says3 ,! ref]5ce to ! fa!rs ( :om ,moses speaks is irrelevant3 ,moses is dead4 ,grant$1 h[ev]1 t bigamy 0 legal 9 ! days ( ! fa!rs & ,moses1 --:i* c nev] be e/abli%$1--/ill !y _h ,god's ^w = x t su* a p]mission 0 giv5 !m4 ,t we h n4 ,& al?\gh x 0 p]mitt$ to ! ,jews & tol]at$ by ,god1 :ile ,god ,himself consid]$ x wrong1 4 4 4 x 0 m]ely a disp5sation4 4 4 4 ,n[1 !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 a legal "r & a disp5sation1 or some?+ t is tol]at$ or p]mitt$4 ,a legal "r is n a disp5sation1 & a disp5sation is n a legal "r2 :oev] does1 obta9s1 or holds some?+ by a disp5sation does n d1 obta91 or hold x by legal "r4 ,lu!r !n ent]s ^u a brief discussion ( ! bigam\s relation%ips :i* 7 creat$ by ! ,mosaic laws1 & expla9s t legislation z em]g5cy legislation4 ,he says3 ,:at ne$ is !re :y we %\ld try to f9d all sorts ( reasons to expla9 :y ! fa!rs "u ,moses 7 p]mitt$ to h _m wives8 ,god is sov]eign2 ,he may abrogate1 alt]1 mitigate a law z ,he pleases1 = em]g5cy's sake or n4 ,b x does n behoove u to imitate su* in/ances1 mu* less to e/abli% !m z a "r4 ,b ?is ,tulri* s ,lu!r calls ! unkn[n au?or ra%ly decl>es c>nal lu/ free1 & wants to put ! _w back to :]e x 0 be=e ! ,flood1 :5 !y took !m wives1 n l ! ,jews by ,god's p]mission1 or because ( an em]g5cy or = *>ity's sake t[>ds homeless wom51 z ,moses directs1 b1 z ! text says1 ':i* !y *ose' 7,g54 #f1 #b74 ,t is ! way n[adays to rise to ! />s4 ,9 ?is way we h ,moses & ! fa!rs ) _! examples z beautiful cloaks = c>nal lib]ty2 we say ) our lips t we are foll[+ ! examples ( ! fa!rs1 b 9 v de$ we act contr>y to !m4 ,"l1 h m]cy6 ,if ! _w cont9ues1 :at all may we n expect to happ5 ^! times1 if ev5 n[ %ameless fell[s may pr9t :at !y please4 7#ba;b1 #bfia f47 ,"o might g m exhau/ively into ! evid5ce1 b ! mat]ials "h submitt$ w suffice to conv9ce mo/ m5 t1 :ile ,lu!r's advice to ,philip did create a bigam\s relation1 ,lu!r 0 n a def5d] ( bigamy4 ,e "o :o has _h to deal ) que/ions relat+ to m>ri$ life kn[s t situations arise 9 ! matrimonial relation :i* simply _c be ?re%$ out 9 public1 & 9 :i* ! hone/ advice ( a pi\s p]son is invok$ to f9d a way out ( a complication4 ,t 0 ! situation confront+ ,lu!r3 :at he advis$ 0 meant z an em]g5cy measure to prev5t some?+ t 0 worse4 ,9 ! same mann] ,lu!r _h express$ ! op9ion t x w\ld h be5 easi] to condone a bigam\s relation 9 ,h5ry ,,viii ( ,engl& ?an ! unju/ divorce :i* ! k+ 0 seek+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 ,lu!r & 8 ,witt5b]g colleagues 7 grossly hoodw9k$ 9 ! matt]1 bo? by ! ,l&grave himself &1 :at is worse1 by ! ,l&grave's c\rt-prea*]1 ,buc]4 ,_h ! true facts be5 kn[n1 ! advice1 z ,lu!r cle>ly /ates1 w\ld nev] h be5 giv54 ,b we c well und]/& h[ ,lu!r c decl>e t "u ! circum/ances "u :i* he ?\ght he 0 act+ he c\ld n h giv5 any diff]5t advice4 ,p]sonally1 we h always res5t$ ! veil$ ?reat 9 ! ,l&grave's reque/ t he w\ld apply to ! ,pope or ! ,emp]or4 ,p]haps ! rem>k 0 n und]/ood z a ?reat1 b z an expression ( despair4 ,at any rate1 ,philip 0 confid5t ( gett+ f ,rome :at he 0 n sure ( obta9+ f ,lu!r4 ,ought n ?is rem>k ( ! ,l&grave caution ,lu!r's ,ca?olic critics to be v c>eful 9 :at !y say ab\t ! he9\sness ( ,lu!r's (f5se 9 grant+ a disp5sation f a moral precept8 ,h !y really no su* ?+ z a disp5sation at ,rome8 ,has n ! m>ri$ relation%ip come up = disp5sation 9 ! *ancell]ies ( ! ,vatican innum]able times8 ,has n "o ( ! canoniz$ sa9ts ( ,rome1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 decl>$ t bigamy might be p]mitt$ if a wife 0 /]ile8 ,0 n concub9age /ill recogniz$ by law 9 ! sixte5? c5tury 9 ,irel&8 ,did n ,k+ ,di>mid h two legitimate wives & two concub9es8 ,& he 0 a ,ca?olic4 ,:at h ,ca?olics to say 9 rejo9d] to ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e's ass]tion t ! ,canon ,law ( _! ,*ur* br\ght ab\t num]\s sexual inequalities8 ,or to ,joseph ,mac,cabe's /atem5t t n until #ajfj 0 !re any au?oritative m&ate ( ! ,*ur* aga9/ polygamy1 & t ev5 aft] ?is prohibition !re 7 num]\s in/ances ( concub9age & polygamic m>riages 9 ,*ri/ian communities8 ,or to ,hallam 9 8 ,middle ,ages1 :]e he reports concub9age 9 ,europe8 ,or to ,lea1 :o proves t ?is evil 0 n conf9$ to ! laity8 7,see ,gallighan1 ,wom5 "u ,polygamy1 pp4 #dc4 #bib4 #bie4 #cjc4 #ccj4 #cci47 ,all t has s f> be5 said ab\t ,lu!r's views on ! subject ( polygamy c\ld be mo/ p[]fully re9=c$ by a review ( ,lu!r's tea*+ on matrimony z a div9e in/itution1 :i* ,lu!r consi/5tly ?r\gh\t 8 writ+s reg>ds z monogam\s4 ,b ?is is too well kn[n to require re/atem5t1 & is really outside ( ! scope ( ?is review1 :i* mu/ cont5t itself ) submitt+ ! direct argum5t 9 rebuttal ( ! ,ca?olic *>ge ( ,lu!r's advocacy ( polygamy4 ,?is polygam\s ,lu!r1 too1 is a vision t is r5d]$ possible only ?r\gh spectacles ( hopeless bias4 #bg4 ,lu!r ,ann\nces ,8 ,dea?4 ,m>k ,twa9 awoke "o morn+ to f9d himself report$ dead4 ,he did n accept ! invitation sugge/$ 9 ! report1 b wir$ to 8 fri5ds3 ,reports ( my dea? grossly exagg]at$4 ,lu!r 0 plac$ 9 a simil> pr$icam5t by ,ca?olics :o 7 deeply int]e/$ 9 ! "q h[ long he 0 to cont9ue to live4 ,"o day1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,m>*1 #aede1 he 0 h&$ a pr9t$ lett] 9 ,italian :i* conta9$ ! news ( 8 demise "u curi\s circum/ances4 ,he ?\ght t he ought n to )hold ?is int]e/+ in=mation f ! _w3 he _h a ,g]man translation made ( ! docum5t1 :i* he publi%$ ) 8 rem>ks z foll[s3 ,copy ( a ,lett] ( ! ,ambassador ( ! ,mo/ ,*ri/ian ,k+ reg>d+ a ,horrible ,sign :i* ,occurr$ 9 ! ,%ameful ,dea? ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,a horrible & unhe>d-( miracle :i* ! bless$ ,god has wr\ght 9 ! %ameful dea? ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 :o w5t to hell1 s\l & body1 z may be cle>ly se5 f a *apt] ( ! lett] ( ! ambassador ( ! ,mo/ ,*ri/ian ,k+1 to ! praise & glory ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! confirmation & com=t ( ! fai?ful4 ,copy ( ! ,lett]4 #a4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 hav+ be5 tak5 ill1 desir$ ! holy ,sacram5t ( ! body ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he di$ imm$iately ^u receiv+ x4 ,:5 he saw t 8 sickness 0 v viol5t & he 0 ne> dea?1 he pray$ t 8 body might be plac$ on an alt> & wor%ip$ z ,cod4 ,b ! goodness & provid5ce ( ,god _h resolv$ to put an end to 8 great error & to sil5ce him =ev]4 ,accord+ly1 ,god did n omit to "w ?is great miracle1 :i* 0 v mu* ne$$1 to cause ! p to desi/ f ! great1 de/ructive1 & ru9\s error :i* ! said ,lu!r has caus$ 9 ! _w4 ,z soon z 8 body _h be5 plac$ 9 ! grave1 an awful rumbl+ & noise 0 he>d1 z if hell & ! devils 7 collaps+4 ,all pres5t 7 seiz$ ) a great fright1 t]ror1 & fe>1 & :5 !y rais$ _! eyes to heav51 !y pla9ly saw ! mo/ holy ho/ ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ :i* ?is unwor?y man 0 p]mitt$ to receive unwor?ily4 ,i affirm t all :o 7 pres5t saw ! mo/ holy ho/ visibly float+ 9 ! air4 ,!y took ! mo/ holy ho/ v dev\tly & ) great rev]5ce1 & gave x a dec5t place 9 ! sanctu>y4 #b4 ,:5 ?is _h be5 done1 no su* tumult & helli% rumbl+ 0 he>d any m t day4 ,h[ev]1 dur+ ! foll[+ night1 at ! place :]e ,m>t9 ,lu!r's corpse _h be5 buri$1 !re 0 he>d by ev]ybody 9 ! community a mu* great] confusion ?an ! fir/ "t4 ,! p arose & flock$ toge!r 9 great fe> & t]ror4 ,at daybreak !y w5t to op5 ! grave :]e ! wick$ body ( ,lu!r _h be5 plac$4 ,:5 ! grave 0 op5$1 y c\ld cle>ly see t !re 0 no body1 nei!r fle% nor bone1 nor any clo!s4 ,b su* a sulphuric /5* rose f ! grave t all :o 7 /&+ ar\nd ! grave turn$ sick4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is miracle _m h re=m$ _! lives by return+ to ! holy ,*ri/ian fai?1 to ! honor1 praise1 & glory ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & to ! /r5g!n+ & confirmation ( ,8 holy ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 :i* is a pill> ( tru?4 ,lu!r app5d$ ! foll[+ comm5t to ?is pi\s docum5t3 ,& ,i1 ,m>t9us ,lu!r1 ,d41 d by ^! ind5tures ackn[l$ge & te/ify t ,i h receiv$ ?is angry fiction conc]n+ my dea? on ! tw5ty-fir/ day ( ,m>*1 & t ,i h read x ) consid]able pleasure & joy1 except ! blasphem\s portion ( ! docum5t 9 :i* ?is lie is attribut$ to ! exalt$ maje/y ( ,god4 ,o!rwise ,i felt q tickl$ on my knee-cap & "u my left heel at ?is evid5ce h[ cordially ! devil & 8 m9ions1 ! ,pope & ! papi/s1 hate me4 ,may ,god turn !m f ! devil6 ,h[ev]1 if x is decre$ t !irs is a s9 unto dea?1 & t my pray] is 9 va91 !n may ,god grant t !y fill up _! measure & write no?+ else b su* books = _! com=t & joy4 ,let !m run _! c\rse2 !y are on ! "r track2 !y want to h x s4 ,mean:ile ,i want to "k h[ !y are go+ to be sav$1 & h[ !y w atone = & revoke all _! lies & blasphemies ) :i* !y h fill$ ! _w4 7#ba;b1 #ccgf f47 ,simil>1 ev5 m grotesque tales h be5 s]v$ ! fai?ful by ,ca?olic writ]s4 ,! /> production ( ?is k9d 0 publi%$ ye>s ago 9 ! ,ohio-,wais5freund4 ,x relat$ t horrible & uncanny signs _h accompani$ ,lu!r's dea?4 ,weird %rieks & noises 7 he>d1 devils 7 fly+ ab\t 9 ! air2 ! heav5s 7 %r\d$ 9 a pall ( gloom4 ,:5 ! fun]al cortege />t$ f ,eisleb51 a va/ flock ( rav5s _h ga!r$ & accompani$ ! corpse croak+ incessantly & utt]+ dismal cries all ! way to ,witt5b]g1 etc41 etc4 ,^! crude /ories h n[ be5 c5sor$ out ( exi/5ce4 ,ca?olics n[adays pref] to lie 9 a m ref9$ & cultur$ mann] ab\t ,lu!r's dea?3 ,lu!r committ$ suicide2 he 0 f\nd hang+ f 8 b$po/ "o morn+4 ,comm5t is unnecess>y4 ,lu!r di$ peacefully 9 ! pres5ce ( fri5ds1 confess+1 ,*ri/ & ass]t+ 8 firm allegiance to ! fai? he _h proclaim$ ) 8 la/ brea?4 ,! probable cause ( 8 dea? 0 a /roke ( p>alysis4 ,lu!r began to feel pa9s 9 ! *e/ late 9 ! aft]noon ( ,febru>y #ag1 #aedf4 ,he bore up manfully & cont9u$ work+ at 8 bus9ess = ! ,c\nt ( ,mansfeld :o _h call$ him to ,eisleb54 ,aft] a light ev5+ meal he sat *att+ 9 a *e]ful mood ) 8 companions1 & retir$ e>ly1 z 0 8 cu/om 9 8 decl9+ ye>s4 ,! pa9s 9 ! *e/ became worse1 & he began to feel *illy4 ,m$icam5ts 7 adm9i/]$1 & aft] a :ile he fell into a slumb]1 :i* la/$ an h\r4 ,he awoke ) increas$ pa9 & a feel+ ( great conge/ion1 :i* caus$ ! dea?-p]spiration to break out4 ,he 0 rapidly turn+ cold4 ,all ?is "t he 0 pray+ & recit+ portions f ! ,psalms & o!r texts4 ,?ree times 9 succession he repeat$ 8 favorite text1 ,john #c1 #af4 ,gradually he became peaceful1 & 8 end 0 s g5tle t ! by/&]s 7 9 d\bt :e!r he _h expir$ or 0 only 9 a swoon4 ,!y work$ ) him1 try+ to r\se him1 until !y 7 conv9c$ t he _h brea!d 8 la/4 ,! ,ca?olic apo!c>y ,john ,l&au1 :o _h be5 call$ 9 :ile ,lu!r 0 ?\ght to be 9 a swoon1 help$ to e/abli% ! fact ( 8 dea?4 #bh4 ,lu!r's ,view ( ,8 ,sl&]]s4 ,lu!r 0 ! subject ( gross misrepres5tation & vile sl&] dur+ 8 lifetime3 ,at fir/ he us$ to correct errone\s reports ab\t himself1 usually 9 8 polemical writ+s1 lat] he m]ely not$ !m ) a brief & scornful comm5t1 & f9ally ignor$ !m altoge!r4 ,he relates t he _h treat$ _m sl&]\s publications ( ,eck1 ,fab]1 ,ems]1 ,co*laeus1 & _m o!rs ) sil5t contempt4 7#ah1 #aiia2 #ad1 #cca47 ,x 0 a physical impossibility = him to reply to all ! mislead+ & vici\s reports t 7 be+ circulat$ ab\t him4 ,he 0 conv9c$ t he mu/ use 8 "t & /r5g? = m necess>y matt]s4 ,8 fri5ds 9 _m in/ances reliev$ him ( ! unpleasant task4 ,moreov]1 aft] he _h answ]$ ^? :o _h fir/ assail$ him 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 public activity1 he c\ld af=d to disreg>d _m sl&]s1 because !y 7 m]e repetitions4 ,lu!r 0 aw>e t he 0 probably ! wor/-hat$ man ( 8 times4 ,he decl>es 8 belief t 9 ! la/ hundr$ ye>s !re has n liv$ a man to :om ! _w 0 m ho/ile ?an to himself4 7#bb1 #affj47 ,p]sons prais+ him1 he says1 are reg>d$ z hav+ committ$ a m griev\s s9 ?an any idolat]1 blasphem]1 p]jur]1 =nicator1 adult]]1 murd]]1 or ?ief4 7#i1 #eec47 ,any?+ t ,lu!r has said1 he obs]ves1 is d5\nc$ z com+ f ! devil2 :at ,duke ,george 7"o ( 8 fi]ce/ enemies71 ,fab]1 or ,buc] say or d is highly approv$1 7#d1 #afjf47 ,l ,elijah1 he 0 *>g$ ) hav+ di/urb$ ,israel3 be=e he began prea*+ !re 0 peace & quiet1 n[ all is confusion4 7#i1 #ehg47 ,he is held responsible = ! ,peasants' ,revolt & ! rise ( ! ,sacram5t>ian sects4 7#bb1 #afjb47 ,a labor] :om 8 wife _h hir$ became drunk & committ$ murd]2 at once ! rumor 0 spread t ,lu!r kept a murd]] z 8 s]vant4 7#ba;b1 #bbbe47 ,:at he writes is repres5t$ z hav+ be5 inspir$ by envy1 pride1 bitt]ness1 yea1 by ,satan himself2 ^?1 h[ev]1 :o write aga9/ him are reg>d$ z be+ inspir$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 7#ah1 #bjje47 ,he obs]ves t begg>s become ri*1 obta9 favors f pr9ces & k+s1 remun]ative positions1 honors1 & bi%oprics by turn+ aga9/ him4 7#ah1 #bjje47 ,"s attribute ! election ( ,adrian ,,vi z ,pope to ,lu!r 7?is ,pope 0 believ$ to favor re=ms3 he did n la/ long72 & ,lu!r expects t he is help+ ,dr4 ,s*mid to become a c>d9al because he is oppos+ him4 7#ai1 #acdg47 ,dunces become doctors1 knaves become sa9ts1 & ! mo/ besott$ *>act]s are glorifi$ :5 !y try _! vile m\?s & p5s aga9/ ,lu!r4 7#ai1 #acdg47 ,! easie/ way = any man to become a canoniz$ sa9t ev5 dur+ 8 lifetime1 ?\gh he 7 a p]son ( ! /ripe ( a ,n]o or ,caligula1 is by hat+ ,lu!r4 7#ah1 #bjje47 ,on ! cov] ( ! pamphlet conta9+ 8 ,s]mon on ! ,sacram5t ,lu!r ord]$ a picture consi/+ ( two mon/rances pr9t$2 ?is 0 promptly expla9$ to mean t he _h adopt$ ! ,bohemian errors1 = ,hus _h adm9i/]$ ! ,"l's ,supp] 9 bo? k9ds4 7#ai1 #deg47 ,"s pret5d$ t !y c\ld see two geese 9 ?is picture2 ! mean+ 0 pla93 "o ( !m signifi$ ,hus 7,hus 9 ,bohemian means goose71 ! o!r1 ,lu!r4 7#ai1 #deh47 ,lu!r w\ld n h be5 human if incid5ts l ^! _h n caus$ him pa94 ,occasionally he w\ld give v5t to 8 grief1 b 8 manly c\rage1 too1 w\ld soon ass]t itself1 & he w\ld expose ! holl[ness1 ins9c]ity1 & futility ( ! ly+ tales t 7 spread ab\t him4 ,at a public meet+ 9 ,campo ,flore he 0 curs$1 s5t5c$ to dea?1 & burn$ 9 effigy4 7#ba;a1 #agd47 ,he has read (f5sive reports ab\t himself1 & puts !m d[n ) ! calm decl>ation3 ,!re is n a man t writes aga9/ ,lu!r )\t hav+ to resort to horrible & manife/ lies4 7#ai1 #ehc47 ,he is sure t he has n _h an oppon5t :o 9 an argum5t w\ld /ick to ! po9t2 !y all _h to evade ! issue4 7#bb1 #feh47 ,%ameful falsehoods are canvass$ ab\t him at ! c\rt ( ,k+ ,f]d9& 7#ae1 #bfbc72 ,lu!r com=ts himself ) ! reflection t o!rs h suff]$ ! same vilification be=e him1 = in/ance1 ,wyclif1 ,hus1 & o!rs 7#e1 #cjh74 ,besides1 he is able to und]/& t ! real reason :y ! papi/s reg>d him z su* a p]v]se & untractable p]son is because !y are utt]ly p]v]se !mselves4 7#d1 #adii47 ,b 8 sweete/ com=t is 9 reflect+ t x is 8 prea*+ :i* has br\ght 8 manifold afflictions ^u him4 ,poor ,lu!r is always wrong3 ! ,sacram5t>ians & ,anabapti/s hate him worse ?an !y hate ! ,pope1 & ! ,pope hates him worse ?an he hates o!r h]etics1 because !y all fight aga9/ ! ,gospel :i* ,lu!r prea*es4 7#bb1 #ajae47 ,if ,i 7 to keep sil5t1 he says1 or prea* z ,i us$ to d1 conc]n+ indulg5ces1 pilgrimages1 adoration ( ! sa9ts1 purgatory1 ! c>nival ( ! ,mass1 ,i c\ld easily keep ! favor & fri5d%ip ( ! great4 7#h1 #efi47 ,b = ! sake ( ! true doctr9e & ^? :o pr(ess x1--:om 8 oppon5ts wi% to suppress1 ,lu!r is will+ to suff] hatr$1 p]secution1 calumnies1 & ev]y?+ else t 8 enemies may devise aga9/ him4 7#e1 #ehg47 ,:at h ,i done1 he exclaims1 to des]ve ! enmity ( ! ,pope & 8 rabble1 except t ,i h prea*$ ,*ri/8 7#h1 #efi47 ,he is conv9c$ f ! papi/s' own confession t he is be+ p]secut$ = no o!r reason ?an because he is prea*+ ! ,gospel4 7#h1 #cii4 ,kn[+ ! reason :y he is hat$1 ,lu!r glories 9 8 tribulations4 ,duke ,george1 he says1 calls me a desp]ate1 l[-br$1 p]jur$ knave3 ,i %all consid] ^? ugly names my em]alds1 rubies1 & diamonds4 7#ai1 #deg47 ,he w\ld fe> t !re mu/ be some?+ wrong ab\t 8 tea*+ if ! p :om he kn[s w\ld n fight aga9/ him3 if ^! p d n condemn 8 doctr9e1 8 doctr9e _c be acceptable to ,god4 7#aj1 #cea47 ,he pref]s to h !m rage aga9/ him4 ,_! viol5ce %all n di/urb him greatly1 because he has *ampion$ ! ,"l's cause1 & t1 9 all s9c]ity1 )\t malice t[>d any p]son4 7#ba;a1 #cja47 4 ,let ! papi/s exhau/ !mselves 9 sl&]s aga9/ him3 he kn[s he has ! ,scriptures on 8 side1 & !y h ! ,scriptures aga9/ !m4 7#e1 #caj47 ,!y int5d to gr9d ,lu!r to pieces1 n a hair ( him is to rema92 he kn[s t !y w n be able to h>m a hair on 8 head4 7#h1 #aai47 ,?us ,lu!r ?\ght & spoke ( 8 detractors & defam]s4 ,su* 0 8 com=t & 8 c\rage 9 ! face ( base calumnies & undes]v$ hatr$4 ,^? :o "k him be/ w cont9ue to love him1 & admire him ! m = ! enemies he has made4 -- ,if ! read] ( ?is book has _h ! s5sation ( a travel] 9 a /orm-toss$ vessel1 he has exp]i5c$ m5tally :at ,lu!r fac$ 9 dread reality dur+ almo/ ! :ole ( 8 agitat$ life4 ,he _h to wea!r _m a squall1 & /orm1 & hurricane4 ,outw>dly 8 life seems a cont9u\s hurly-burly4 ,yet !re is 9 ?is man's he>t a great & holy calm4 ,! tumult ( 8 life is all on ! surface4 ,he rem9ds "o ( ! l9es 9 ,h>riet ,bee*] ,/[e's ,hymn3 ,:5 w9ds are rag+ o'er ! upp] ocean1 ,& bill[s wild cont5d ) angry ro>1 ',t is said1 f> d[n b5ea? ! wild commotion1 ,t peaceful /illness reigne? ev]more4 ,f>1 f> b5ea?1 ! noise ( tempe/ die?1 ,& silv] waves *ime ev] peacefully1 ,& no rude /orm1 h[ fi]ce soe'er x flie?1 ,di/urbs ! ,sabba? ( t deep] sea4 ,we h _h glimpses ( ! hidd5 dep?s 9 ,lu!r's m9d3 8 ?\ght rea*es d[n to ! l[e/ dep?s ( human mis]y1 & !n goes deep] /ill t[>ds ! limits ( ,god's rescu+ love & conqu]+ grace :i* human m9d has nev] rea*$4 ,= ^! div9e pr(undities no plummet w ev] s\nd4 ,he :o c\ld surr5d] himself :olly to ! /udy ( ! greatness & beauty ( ,lu!r's con/ructive ?\ght w\ld enjoy a spiritual luxury & be drawn into t sublime & solemn peace ( ,god :i* passes all und]/&+4 ,he w\ld behold ?is /r5u\s man2 :o has be5 %[n mo/ly 9 8 work+-clo!s 9 ^! pages1 9 8 holiday-attire1 ) t ,sabba? 9 8 he>t :i* occurs :]ev] ,*ri/ is ! lov$ & ador$ object ( ! ?9k]'s contemplation4