,illu/ration3 ,a ,boys' ,camp ,! ,libr>y ( ,"w & ,play ,,outdoor ,,sports ,,& ,,games by ,,claude ,h4 ,,mill]1 ,,ph4,b4 ,g>d5 ,city ,new ,york ,d\bl$ay1 ,page ,company #aiaa ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,introductory ,! human body a p]fect ma*9e--,h[ to keep well--,outdoor sleep+--,ex]cise & play--,smok+--,walk+4 ,,ii4 ,! ,boy ,sc\ts ( ,am]ica ,headqu>t]s--,purpose--,sc\t ,law--,h[ to =m a patrol ( ,sc\ts--,organization ( a troop--,practical activities = ,sc\ts--,a ,sc\t camp--,model ,programme ( ,sir ,r4,s4,s4 ,bad5-,p[ell ,sc\t camp4 ,,iii4 ,camps & ,camp+ ,h[ to select ! be/ place to pit* a t5t--,a bru% b$--,! be/ k9d ( a t5t--,h[ to make ! camp fire--,:at to d :5 x ra9s--,fre% air & good food--,! bru% leanto & h[ to make x4 ,,iv4 ,camp ,cook+ ,h[ to make ! camp fire range--,bread bak]s--,cook+ ut5sils--,! grub li/--,simple camp recipes4 ,v4 ,woodcraft ,! use ( an axe & hat*et--,be/ woods = special purposes--,:at to d :5 y are lo/--,nature's compasses4 ,,vi4 ,use ( ,fire-arms ,importance ( e>ly tra9+--,:y a gun is bett] ?an a rifle--,h[ to become a good %ot4 ,,vii4 ,fi%+ ,prop] tackle = all purposes--,h[ to cat* bait--,! fly fi%]man--,g5]al fi%+ rules4 ,,viii4 ,nature ,/udy ,:at is a true naturali/8--,h[ to />t a collection--,mo? collect+--,! h]b>ium4 ,,ix4 ,wat] ,life ,! wat] telescope--,h[ to manage an aqu>ium--,our insect fri5ds & enemies--,! obs]vation beehive4 ,x4 ,! ,c>e ( ,pets ,cats--,boxes = song birds--,h[ to attract ! birds--,tame cr[s--,! pigeon fanci]--,ornam5tal l& & wat] f[l--,rabbits1 gu9ea pigs1 rats & mice--,h[ to build coops--,g5]al rules = ! c>e ( pets--,! dog4 ,,xi4 ,! ,c>e ( ,*ick5s ,! be/ bre$--,good & bad po9ts ( incubators--,:at to fe$ small *icks--,a model *ick5 h\se4 ,,xii4 ,w9t] ,sports ,:at to we>--,skat+--,ski+--,sn[%oe+--,hockey4 ,,xiii4 ,horseman%ip ,h[ to become a good rid]--,! c>e ( horses--,saddles4 ,,xiv4 ,h[ to ,swim & to ,canoe ,! rac+ /rokes--,paddl+ & sail+ canoes4 ,,xv4 ,baseball ,h[ to organize a team & to select ! play]s--,! v>i\s positions--,curve pit*+4 ,,xvi4 ,h[ to ,play ,football ,! v>i\s positions & h[ to select m5 = !m--,team "w & signals--,! rules4 ,,xvii4 ,lawn ,t5nis ,h[ to make & m>k a c\rt--,clay & sod c\rts--,! prop] grip ( ! racket--,golf--,! /rokes & equipm5t4 ,,xviii4 ,photography ,! selection ( a cam]a--,snap%ots vs4 real pictures--,h[ to make a photograph f />t to f9i%4 ,,xix4 ,outdoor ,sports = ,girls ,:at to we>--,confid5ce--,horseback rid+--,t5nis--,golf--,camp+4 ,,xx4 ,"o ,hundr$ ,outdoor ,games ,,illu/rations ,a ,boy's ,camp ,a ,*ild's ,may-day ,p>ty ,fi%+ is ! ,"o ,sport ( ,our ,*ildhood t ,holds ,our ,int]e/ ,?r\gh ,life ,! ,mo? ,collector & ,8 ,outfit ,! ,excit+ ,sport ( ,ski-runn+ ,swimm+ is ,"o ( ! ,be/ ,outdoor ,sports ,9 ,canoe+ ,aga9/ ! ,curr5t 9 ,swift ,/reams a ,pole is ,us$ 9 ,place ( ! ,paddle ,photographs ( ,t5nis ,/rokes ,tak5 9 ,actual ,play ,h[ an ,exp]t ,plays ,golf ,i ,,introductory ,! human body a p]fect ma*9e--,h[ to keep well--,outdoor sleep+--,ex]cise & play--,smok+--,walk+ ,suppose y %\ld wake up ,*ri/mas morn+ & f9d y\rself to be ! own] ( a bicycle4 ,x is a br&-new :eel & ev]y?+ is 9 p]fect work+ ord]4 ,! be>+s are well oil$1 ! nickel is bright & %9y & x is all tun$ up & ready = use4 ,if y are a c>eful1 s5sible boy y c h fun ) x = a long "t until f9ally1 l ! 8,"o ,hoss ,%ay0 9 ! poem1 x we>s out & goes to pieces all at once4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y are c>eless or indiff]5t or lazy y may all[ ! ma*9e to get out ( ord] or to become ru/y f disuse1 or p]haps :5 a nut works loose y neglect x & h a breakd[n on ! road1 or y may =get to oil ! be>+s & 9 a %ort "t !y beg9 to squeak & we>4 ,if y are ano!r k9d ( a boy1 y may be c>eful en\gh ab\t oil+ & clean+ ! :eel1 b y may also be reckless & head--/rong & w jump ov] curb/ones & gutt]s or ride x ov] r\gh roads at a dang]\s rate ( spe$1 & 9 ?is way %ort5 its life by abuse j z ! c>eless boy may by neglect4 ,x is j s ) ! human body :i*1 aft] all1 is a ma*9e too1 &1 m ?an t1 x is ! mo/ wond]ful & p]fect ma*9e 9 ! _w4 ,) c>e x %\ld la/ _m ye>s4 ,) abuse or neglect x may v soon we> out4 ,! boy :o neglects 8 heal? is l ! boy :o all[s ! be>+s on 8 :eel to become dry or ! metal p>ts ru/y4 ,! *ief diff]5ce is t :5 ! bicycle we>s out or breaks d[n we may replace ! p>ts or ev5 buy ano!r ma*9e1 b :5 our heal? is injur$1 money w n re/ore x4 ,9 ord] to keep well we mu/ obs]ve c]ta9 rules ( heal?4 ,by ex]cise we keep ! work+ p>ts 9 good ord]4 ,if we are lazy or indol5t we are l ! bicycle t is all[$ to g to pieces f lack ( use4 ,if we are reckless & foolh>dy we may injure "s "p ( ! delicate ma*9]y f excessive ex]cise or /ra94 ,play is ! mo/ natural ?+ 9 ! _w b we mu/ use judgm5t 9 our play4 ,a boy or girl :o is n all[$ to play or :o is re/ra9$ by too anxi\s p>5ts is unhappy inde$4 ,ne>ly all animals play4 ,we "k1 = in/ance1 t puppies1 kitt5s1 & lambs are playful4 ,x is a p]fectly natural in/9ct4 ,by prop] play we build up our bodies & tra9 our m9ds4 ,! heal?y man nev] gets too old to play4 ,he may n c>e to play m>bles or roll hoops1 b he w f9d 8 pleasure 9 "s game or sport l t5nis1 golf1 horseback rid+1 camp+1 fi%+ or hunt+4 ,9 ?is book we %all talk ab\t "s =ms ( play & recreation t are n /rictly conf9$ to *ildr51 b :i* we may /ill enjoy ev5 aft] we h become gr[n m5 & wom54 ,we %all also talk ab\t "s *ildr5's games t "s ( ! old] read]s may h outgr[n4 ,:ile we play we keep our m9ds occupi$ by ! sport1 & at ! same "t we ex]cise our muscles & fe$ our lungs & our bodies ) oxyg54 ,x is un=tunate t 9 s*ool or college a?letics ^? :o ne$ ex]cise ! mo/ are (t5 ^? :o are physically unfitt$ to play on ! s*ool teams4 ,9 o!r words1 we select our runn]s & jump]s & football play]s f among ! /rong] boys1 :ile ! weak] ones really ne$ ! b5efit ( ! sport4 ,e boy %\ld take "p 9 s*ool games :5 possible ev5 if he is n z swift or z /rong z "s o!r boys4 ,x is v unmanly ( "o boy to make fun ( ano!r because he is weak or clumsy or unskilful4 ,aft] all1 ! ?+ t c\nts & ! ?+ t is mo/ cr$itable is to make ! mo/ ( our opportunities :atev] !y may be4 ,if an und]siz$ or timid boy becomes /rong] or m brave because he jo9s 9 games & sports1 he des]ves a hundr$ times m cr$it ?an ! big1 /rong boy :om nature has giv5 a /urdy frame & good lungs & :o makes a place on ! s*ool team )\t any real ef=t4 ,if we live a natural1 op5-air life we %all h b little ne$ ( doctors or m$ic9e4 ,_m ( our gr&mo!rs' notions on h[ to keep well h *ang$ 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,old-fa%ion$ rem$ies made f roots & h]bs h be5 almo/ completely replac$ by bett] habits ( life & common-s5se ideas4 ,we us$ to believe t night air 0 l>gely responsible = fev]s & colds4 ,doctors n[ say t "o ( ! sure/ ways to keep well is to live & sleep 9 ! op5 air4 ,9 _m mod]n h\ses ! :ole family is provid$ ) outside sleep+ por*es ) absolutely no protection f ! outside air b ! ro(4 ,i h foll[$ ! practice ( sleep+ 9 ! op5 air = "s "t1 & 9 midw9t] )\t discom=t h _h ! temp]ature ( my sleep+ por* fall to six degrees bel[ z]o4 ,( c\rse x is fooli% = any "o to sleep expos$ to ra9 or sn[ or to ?9k t !re is any b5efit to be d]iv$ f be+ cold or uncom=table4 ,! :ole idea ( op5-air sleep+ is to brea! pure1 fre% air 9 place ( ! atmosph]e ( a h\se :i*1 "u ! be/ conditions1 is full ( du/ & g]ms4 ,if we become outdoor sleep]s1 c\ghs & colds w be almo/ unkn[n4 ,g5]al ,%]man once wrote a lett] 9 :i* he said t he did n h a case ( cold 9 8 entire army & he attribut$ x to ! fact t 8 soldi]s slept & liv$ 9 ! op5 air4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,*ild's ,may-,day ,p>ty 7,photograph by ,m>y ,h4 ,nor!nd7 ,"o c almo/ tell a man :o sleeps 9 ! op5 by look+ at him4 ,8 eye is cle> & 8 *eek ruddy4 ,!re is no sur] way to become well & /rong ?an to become accu/om$ to ?is practice4 ,!n y c laugh at ! doctor & ?r[ ! m$ic9e bottles away4 ,9 /at+ ?is ,i "k t _m p>5ts w n agree ) me1 & w feel t to advise a boy to sleep 9 ! op5 :5 ! wea!r is /ormy or extremely cold is almo/ l invit+ him to 8 dea?4 ,x is a fact j ! same t e "o w\ld be heal?i] & happi] if !y foll[$ ?is practice4 ,9 a few ye>s ,i expect to see outdoor sleep+ ! rule r ?an ! exception4 ,progressive doctors are already agre$ on ?is me?od ( sleep+ = sick p4 ,9 "s hospitals ev5 delicate babies are giv5 op5-air treatm5t 9 midw9t] z a cure = pneumonia4 ,my own exp]i5ce is t 9 ! two ye>s t ,i h be5 an outdoor sleep]1 ) ! sn[ drifts sometimes cov]+ ! foot ( ! b$1 ) ! w9try w9ds h[l+ ab\t my head 9 a nor!a/]1 ,i h be5 absolutely free f any trace ( c\ghs or colds4 ,?\s&s ( o!rs w give ! same te/imony4 ,accord+ to old-fa%ion$ ideas su* ?+s w\ld give me my 8dea? ( cold40 ,x r>ely happ5s t "o beg9s ! practice ( sleep+ out )\t becom+ a firm believ] 9 x4 ,"o ( ! *ildr5 ( a fri5d 9 ,connecticut :o _h j built a beautiful home 0 tak5 ill1 & ! doctor recomm5d$ t ! *ild's b$ be mov$ out on ! por*4 ,?is 0 9 ,decemb]4 ,! fa!r also _h 8 own b$ mov$ out to keep ! baby company4 ,my fri5d told me t aft] ! fir/ night he felt l a *ang$ man4 ,he awoke aft] a refre%+ sleep & felt bett] ?an he _h 9 ye>s4 ,! :ole family soon foll[$ & all ! beautiful b$rooms 9 ! h\se 7 des]t$4 ,! baby got well & /ay$ well & ! doctor's visits are few & f> betwe5 9 t h\sehold4 ,by all means sleep 9 ! op5 if y c4 ,( c\rse "o mu/ h ample protection f ! wea!r1 su* z a por* or piazza ) a scre5 or %elt] to ! nor? & we/4 ,a w>m room 9 :i* to dress & undress is also absolutely necess>y4 ,if y\r re/ is di/urb$ by cold1 z x w probably be until y become accu/om$ to x & le>n ! tricks ( ! outdoor sleep]1 y simply ne$ m cov]s4 ,9 w9t]1 ! b$ %\ld be made up ) light summ] blankets 9 place ( %eets1 :i* w\ld become v cold4 ,use1 z a night cap1 an old sweat] or skat+ cap4 ,a good co/ume consi/s ( a flannel %irt1 wooll5 draw]s1 & heavy1 lumb]man's /ock+s4 ,) su* an outfit & pl5ty ( cov]s1 "o c sleep out on ! colde/ night & nev] awak5 until ! w9t]'s sun comes peep+ ov] ! hill to tell him t x is "t to get up4 ,besides fre% air1 ano!r important ?+ 9 keep+ well is to eat sl[ly & to *ew y\r food ?or\ghly4 ,boys & girls (t5 develop a habit ( rapid eat+ because !y are anxi\s to get back to play or to s*ool4 ,sl[ eat+ is l>gely a matt] ( habit z well1 & :ile x may seem h>d at fir/ x w soon become second nature to u4 ,rememb] to *ew y\r food ?or\ghly4 ,! /oma* has no tee?4 ,we h all he>d ( ,mr4 ,horace ,flet*]1 t wond]ful old man :o made himself "y aga9 by *ew+ 8 food4 ,!re is no fun 9 life unless we are well1 & a s5sible boy %\ld realize t 8 p>5ts' int]e/ 9 him is = 8 own b5efit4 ,x may seem h>d sometimes to be oblig$ to d )\t ?+s t we want1 b z a rule ! judgm5t ( ! old] p is bett] ?an our own4 ,a gr[+ boy w (t5 eat too mu* c&y or too _m sweet ?+s & !n suff] f 8 lack ( judgm5t4 ,to fill our /oma*s ) indige/ible food is j z fooli% z x w\ld be to put s& 9 ! be>+s ( our :eel1 or to int]f]e ) ! delicate adju/m5t ( our wat* until x refuses to keep "t4 ,:ile we play1 our muscles are develop$1 our lungs fill$ ) fre% air & ! :ole body is made /rong] & m vigor\s4 ,"s boys play too h>d4 ,ov]-ex]tion w sometimes cause a /ra9 on ! delicate ma*9]y ( ! body t w be v s]i\s 9 aft] life4 ,! he>t is especially subject to ! dang]s ( ov]/ra9 9 gr[+ boys4 ,we are n all equally /rong1 & x is no discr$it to a boy t he _c run z f> or lift z mu* z "s ( 8 playmates or companions4 ,y all rememb] ! fable ( ! frog :o tri$ to make himself z big z ! ox & f9ally bur/4 ,! idea ( ex]cise is n to try to excel e "o 9 :at y d1 b to d y\r be/ )\t ov]ex]tion4 ,if a boy has a rugg$ frame & well develop$ muscles1 x is p]fectly natural t he %\ld be sup]ior 9 mo/ sports to a boy t is delicate or und]siz$4 ,to be 9 good physical condition & to laugh at ! doctor we mu/ keep out ( doors z mu* z possible4 ,gymnasium "w ( c\rse w help u to build up our /r5g? & develop our muscles1 b skill 9 v>i\s acrobatics & gymna/ic tricks does n give ! cle> eye & ruddy *eek ( ! p]son ^: life is 9 ! op5 air4 ,outdoor sports1 l t5nis1 baseball1 & horseback rid+ are f> sup]ior to *e/-weights or ,indian clubs z a means ( obta9+ normal p]man5t developm5t4 ,p>5ts :o criticize s*ool or college a?letics (t5 =get t ! obs]vance ( ! /rict rules ( tra9+ requir$ f e memb] ( a team is ! v be/ way to keep a boy heal?y 9 m9d & body4 ,tobacco & alcohol are absolutely prohibit$1 ! k9d ( food eat5 & ! h\rs = retir+ are compulsory1 & a boy is taught n only to tra9 8 muscles b to discipl9e 8 m9d4 ,be=e a c&idate is all[$ to take active "p 9 ! sport = :i* he is tra9+ he mu/ be 89 condition10 z x is call$4 ,!re are a great _m rules ( heal? t w help any "o to keep well1 b ! be/ rule ( all is to live a common-s5se life & n to ?9k too mu* ab\t ourselves4 ,sy/ematic ex]cises tak5 daily ) sett+ up motions are v good unless we all[ !m to become irksome4 ,all indoor ex]cise %\ld be practis$ ) z mu* fre% air 9 ! room z possible4 ,x is an excell5t plan to face an op5 w9d[ if we practise morn+ & ev5+ gymna/ics4 ,!re are _m ex]cises t c be p]=m$ ) no app>atus :atev]4 ,9 all ex]cises we %\ld practise deep regul> brea?+ until x becomes a habit ) u4 ,mo/ p acquire a faulty habit ( brea?+ & only use a small "p ( _! total lung capacity4 ,le>n to take deep brea?s :ile 9 ! fre% air4 ,aft] a :ile x w become a habit4 ,j h[ mu* muscle a boy %\ld h w dep5d ^u 8 physical make-up4 ,! gymnasium director 9 "o ( our l>ge/ colleges1 :o has sp5t 8 :ole life 9 ex]cise1 is a small1 sl5d] man ^: muscles are n at all prom95t & yet !y are l /eel wires4 ,he has made a life-long /udy ( himself & has develop$ e muscle 9 8 body4 ,f 8 appe>ance he w\ld n be consid]$ a /rong man & yet "s ( ! y\ng] a?letes weigh+ fifty p\nds m ?an he1 h1 9 wre/l+ & feats ( /r5g?1 f\nd t ! man ) ! l>ge/ muscles is n always ! be/ man4 ,!re is "o "q t e gr[+ boy w h to look squ>ely 9 ! face & to decide = himself4 ,x is ! "q ( smok+4 ,!re is absolutely no "q b t smok+ is injuri\s = any "o1 & 9 ! case ( boys :o are n yet fully gr[n positively dang]\s4 ,ask any cig>ette smok] y "k & he w tell y n to smoke4 ,if y ask him :y he does n take 8 own advice he w possibly expla9 h[ ! habit has fa/5$ its grip on him1 j z ! slimy t5tacles ( "s devil fi% w w9d !mselves ab\t a victim /ruggl+ 9 ! wat]1 until he is no long] able to escape4 ,a boy may beg9 to smoke 9 a _s ( fun or possibly because he ?9ks x is manly1 b m (t5 x is because ! 8o!r fell]s0 are try+ x too4 ,my tea*] once gave our s*ool an object lesson 9 habits :i* is wor? repeat+4 ,he call$ "o ( ! boys to ! plat=m & w\nd a t9y piece ( ?read ar\nd ! boy's wri/s4 ,he !n told him to break x1 :i* ! boy did v easily4 ,! tea*] cont9u$ to w9d m ?read until he _h s _m /r&s t ! boy c\ld break !m only ) a great ef=t & f9ally he c\ld n break !m at all4 ,8 h&s 7 ti$4 ,j s x is ) a habit4 ,! fir/1 second1 or t5? "t may be easy to break1 b we %all f9ally get s _m t9y ?reads t our h&s are ti$4 ,we h acquir$ a habit4 ,don't be a fool4 ,don't smoke cig>ettes4 ,walk+ is "o ( ! mo/ heal?ful =ms ( ex]cise4 ,x may seem unnecess>y to devote mu* space to a subject t e "o ?9ks !y "k all ab\t1 b ! fact is t1 ) trolley c>s1 automobiles1 & horses1 a great _m p]sons h almo/ lo/ ! ability to walk any di/ance4 ,an excell5t rule to foll[ if y are go+ any:]e is ?is3 ,if y h ! "t1 & ! di/ance is n too great1 walk4 ,9 rec5t ye>s x has be5 ! practice ( a numb] ( prom95t bus9ess & pr(essional m5 :o get b little outdoor ex]cise to walk to & f _! (fices e day1 ra9 or %9e4 ,9 ?is way eld]ly m5 w av]age f sev5 to t5 miles a day & ?us keep 9 good condition ) no o!r ex]cise4 ,x is v easy to cultivate ! /reet c> habit1 & "s boys feel t !y mu/ ride to & f s*ool ev5 if x is only a few blocks or squ>es4 ,we h all read ( ! old m5 :o are walk+ across ! c\ntry f ,new ,york to ,cali=nia & back aga9 & ma9ta9+ an av]age ( =ty miles a day4 ,!re is n a horse 9 ! _w t w\ld h ! endurance to g half ! di/ance 9 ! same "t & keep x up day aft] day4 ,= ! fir/ week or t5 days ! horse w\ld be f> ahead b1 l ! fable ( ! h>e & ! tortoise1 aft] a :ile ! tortoise w\ld pass ! h>e & get 9 fir/4 ,9 walk+ = pleasure1 avoid a rambl+1 purposeless /yle4 ,decide :]e y are go+ & g4 ,walk out 9 ! c\ntry if possible & on roads :]e ! automobiles w n endang] y\r life or bl[ cl\ds ( du/ 9 y\r face4 ,nev] m9d ! wea!r4 ,"o r>ely takes cold :ile 9 motion4 ,to walk com=tably we %\ld we> loose clo?+ & old %oes4 ,walk+ j = ! sake ( ex]cise c easily become a tiresome occupation1 b ! active m9d c always see some?+ ( int]e/1 su* z wild fl[]s1 g>d5s1 & all ! v>i\s sides ( nature /udy 9 ! c\ntry1 & p1 h\ses & life 9 ! city4 ,a tramp+ vacation ( sev]al days furni%es a f9e opportunity to see new sc5es & to live economically1 b ne> a city y may h difficulty 9 p]suad+ ! f>m-wife :]e y /op t y are n a tramp :o w burn ! h\se 9 ! night4 ,if y int5d to live by ! wayside1 ! sure/ way to inspire confid5ce is to %[ 9 advance t y h money to pay = y\r accommodations4 ,also try to avoid look+ l a tramp1 :i* is q diff]5t f look+ l a tramp]4 ,!re seems to be a great diff]5ce ( op9ion on ! "q ( h[ fa/ "o c walk4 ,! popul> idea is 8f\r miles an h\r0 b any "o :o has tri$ to cov] a mile e fifte5 m9utes w te/ify t su* a rate ( spe$ is m l a race ?an a walk & t x w require great physical ex]tion to ma9ta9 x = any consid]able di/ance4 ,an eighte5 or tw5ty-mile walk is ab\t all ! av]age boy %\ld attempt 9 a day1 & ?is is all[+ ! full day = ! task f e>ly morn+ until sunset4 ,%ort & frequ5t re/s are mu* bett] ?an long /ops1 :i* h a t5d5cy to /iff5 ! muscles4 ,! walk] on a long tramp mu/ pay especial att5tion to ! c>e ( 8 feet4 ,!y %\ld be ba!d frequ5tly 9 cold wat] to :i* a little alum has be5 add$4 ,a r\gh place or crease 9 ! /ock+ w sometimes cause a v pa9ful bli/]4 ,m\nta9 climb+ is a v int]e/+ bran* ( walk+4 ,x is sometimes v dang]\s z well & 9 su* cases %\ld only be attempt$ "u ! guidance ( "s "o famili> ) ! neighb\rhood4 ,= r\gh climb+ our %oes %\ld be provid$ ) iron hob nails4 ,/eel nails (t5 become v slipp]y & w cause a bad fall on rocks4 ,cross-c\ntry runn+ & h>e & h\nd *ases are mu* m common 9 ,engl& ?an 9 ,am]ica4 ,our runn]s z a rule excel 9 ! spr9ts & %ort da%es1 al?\gh 9 ! rec5t ,olympic sports we h %[n t our tra9$ a?letes are ! equal ( ! _w 9 ne>ly all bran*es ( sport4 ,9 _m ( ! ,engli% s*ools x is a regul> "p ( ! s*ool "w = ! tea*] to organize h>e & h\nd *ases4 ,! h>es are giv5 a />t ( sev]al m9utes & leave a trail by means ( bits ( pap] or confetti1 :i* !y c>ry 9 a bag4 ,9 ?is k9d ( runn+ ! object to be s\ght is n s mu* spe$ z endurance4 ,an easy dog trot ) deep regul> brea?+ w soon give u our second w9d1 :5 we c keep on = a long di/ance4 ,aft] any k9d ( physical ex]tion1 especially :5 we are 9 a p]spiration1 c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ n to become *ill$ sudd5ly4 ,a rub d[n ) a r\gh t[el w help to prev5t sor5ess & /iff muscles4 ,! lam5ess t foll[s any k9d ( unusual ex]cise is an indication t c]ta9 muscles h be5 br\ght into use t are out ( condition4 ,a tra9$ a?lete does n exp]i5ce ?is sor5ess unless he has unduly ex]t$ himself1 & ! easie/ way to get ov] x is to d m ( ! same k9d ( "w until we are 9 condition4 ,,ii ,,! ,,boy ,,sc\ts ,,( ,,am]ica ,headqu>t]s--,purpose--,sc\t law--,h[ to =m a patrol ( sc\ts--,organization ( a troop--,practical activities = sc\ts--,a sc\t camp--,model programme ( a ,sir ,r4,s4,s4 ,bad5-,p[ell sc\t camp ,! ,boy ,sc\t movem5t t has rec5tly be5 introduc$ bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica ) su* wond]ful success is s closely relat$ to ne>ly all bran*es ( outdoor recreation & to ! ?+s t boys are int]e/$ 9 t ?is book w\ld be incomplete )\t m5tion ( ! object & purposes ( ?is organization4 ,x is a spl5did movem5t = ! mak+ ( bett] citiz5s1 & x _c be too highly recomm5d$4 ,! ,boy ,sc\ts ( ,am]ica is a p]man5t organization1 & x has its headqu>t]s at #bjj ,fif? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,f ! c5tral (fice1 patrols & troops are be+ =m$ all ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,any in=mation ) ref]5ce to ! movem5t may be obta9$ by apply+ to ?is (fice4 ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ! manag+ secret>y1 ,mr4 ,john ,l4 ,alex&]1 c]ta9 facts are pres5t$ conc]n+ ! organization1 :i* are obta9$ f _! publi%$ lit]ature1 = :i* due cr$it is h]eby giv54 ,! ,boy ,sc\ts is an organization ! purpose ( :i* is "*-build+ = boys betwe5 ! ages ( twelve & eighte54 ,x is an ef=t to get boys to appreciate ! ?+s ab\t !m & to tra9 !m 9 self-reliance1 manhood1 & good citiz5%ip4 ,x is 8peace-sc\t+0 ^! boys engage 91 liv+ z mu* z possible out ( doors2 camp+1 hik+ & le>n+ ! secrets ( ! woods & fields4 ,! movem5t is n ess5tially milit>y1 b ! milit>y virtues ( discipl9e1 ob$i5ce1 neatness & ord] are sc\t virtues4 ,endurance1 self-reliance1 self-control & an ef=t to help "s "o else are sc\t objectives4 ,e activity t l5ds itself to ^! aims is good sc\tcraft4 ,! ,boy ,sc\ts 7 />t$ 9 ,engl& by ,g54 ,sir ,rob]t ,bad5-,p[ell4 ,he 0 impress$ ) ! fact t #df p] c5t4 ( ! boys ( ,engl& 7 gr[+ up )\t any k ( useful occupations1 & want$ to d some?+ t w\ld help ! boy to become a useful citiz54 ,he emphatically /at$ t 8 int5tion 0 n ! mak+ ( soldi]s4 ,9 8 "w4 ,g5]al ,bad5-,p[ell has t\*$ ! boy's life 9 all its int]e/s & broad5$ a boy's outlook by ! wide/ sort ( activities4 ,9 two & a half ye>s ov] half a million ,boy ,sc\ts h be5 enroll$1 & tw5ty ?\s& ( ^! h be5 9 p>ade at "o "t 9 ,london4 ,! sc\t idea has sprung up spontane\sly all ov] ,am]ica4 ,9 ,canadian cities ! ,boy ,sc\ts numb] ?\s&s4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t[ns & cities are be+ swept by ! idea4 ,gangs ( boys are to be se5 on e h&1 do+ _! be/ at sc\tcraft1 8do+ a good turn e day to "s "o10 & gett+ fun out ( x4 ,prom95t bus9ess m5 & educators are beh9d ! movem5t4 ,! aim ( ! ,boy ,sc\ts is to supplem5t ! v>i\s exi/+ educational ag5cies1 & to promote ! ability 9 boys to d ?+s = !mselves & o!rs4 ,! me?od is summ$ up 9 ! t]m 8sc\tcraft0 & is a comb9ation ( obs]vation1 d$uction & h&9ess--or ! ability to d4 ,sc\tcraft consi/s ( 8,fir/ ,aid10 ,life ,sav+1 ,track+1 ,signall+1 ,cycl+1 ,nature ,/udy1 ,seaman%ip & o!r in/ruction4 ,?is is accompli%$ 9 games & team play & 9 pleasure1 n "w1 = ! boy4 ,! only equipm5t x ne$s is ! out ( doors1 a gr\p ( boys & a lead]4 ,be=e he becomes a sc\t1 a boy mu/ take ! sc\ts' oa? ?us3 8,on my hon\r1 ,i promise t ,i w d my be/1 #a4 ,to d my duty to ,god & my c\ntry4 #b4 ,to help o!r p at all times4 #c4 ,to obey ! sc\t law40 ,:5 tak+ ?is oa? ! sc\t w /& hold+ 8 "r h& rais$ level ) 8 %\ld]1 palm to ! front1 ?umb re/+ on ! nail ( ! little f+]1 & ! o!r ?ree f+]s upright po9t+ upw>d4 ,?is ! sc\ts' salute & secret sign4 ,:5 ! h& is rais$ %\ld] high x is call$ 8! half salute40 ,:5 rais$ to ! =ehead x is call$ 8! full salute40 ,! ?ree f+]s held up 7l ! ?ree po9ts on ! sc\ts' badge7 rem9d him ( 8 ?ree promises 9 ! sc\ts' oa?4 ,!re are ?ree classes ( sc\ts4 ,a boy on jo9+ ! ,boy ,sc\ts mu/ pass a te/ 9 ! foll[+ po9ts be=e tak+ ! oa?3 ,"k ! sc\ts' laws & signs & ! salute4 ,"k ! composition ( ! national flag & ! "r way to fly x4 ,tie f\r ( ! foll[+ knots3 ,reef1 %eet b5d1 clove hit*1 b[l9e1 middleman's1 fi%]man's1 %eep-%ank4 ,he !n takes ! sc\ts' oa? & is enroll$ z a t5d]foot & is entitl$ to we> ! buttonhole badge4 ,a ,,second-,,class ,,sc\t ,be=e be+ aw>d$ a second-class sc\t's badge1 a boy mu/ pass ! foll[+ te/s3 #a4 ,h at lea/ "o mon?'s s]vice z a t5d]foot4 #b4 ,elem5t>y fir/ aid b&ag+4 #c4 ,signall+4 ,elem5t>y k ( semaphore or ,morse alphabet4 #d4 ,track half a mile 9 tw5ty-five m9utes1 or if 9 a t[n describe satisfactorily ! cont5ts ( "o /ore w9d[ out ( f\r1 obs]v$ = "o m9ute ea*4 #e4 ,g a mile 9 twelve m9utes at 8sc\ts' pace40 #f4 ,lay & light a fire us+ n m ?an two mat*es4 #g4 ,cook a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( meat & two potatoes )\t cook+ ut5sils o!r ?an ! regulation billy4 #h4 ,h at lea/ tw5ty-five c5ts 9 ! sav+s bank4 #i4 ,"k ! sixte5 pr9cipal po9ts ( ! compass4 ,,fir/-,,class ,,sc\t ,be=e be+ aw>d$ a fir/-class sc\t's badge1 a sc\t mu/ pass ! foll[+ te/ 9 addition to ! te/s laid d[n = a second-class sc\t3 #a4 ,swim fifty y>ds4 7,?is may be omitt$ :]e ! doctor c]tifies t ba?+ is dang]\s to ! boy's heal?74 #b4 ,mu/ h at lea/ fifty c5ts 9 ! sav+s bank4 #c4 ,signall+4 ,s5d & receive a message ei!r 9 semaphore or ,morse1 sixte5 lett]s p] m9ute4 #d4 ,g on foot or r[ a boat alone to a po9t sev5 miles away & return aga91 or if convey$ by any vehicle or animal g a di/ance ( fifte5 miles & back & write a %ort report on x4 ,x is pref]able t he %\ld take two days ov] x4 #e4 ,describe or %[ ! prop] means = sav+ life 9 case ( two ( ! foll[+ accid5ts3 ,fire1 dr[n+1 runaway c>riage1 sew] gas1 ice break+1 or b&age an injur$ pati5t or revive an app>5tly dr[n$ p]son4 #f4 ,cook satisfactorily two ( ! foll[+ di%es z may be direct$3 ,porridge1 bacon1 hunt]'s /ew2 or sk9 & cook a rabbit or pluck & cook a bird4 ,also 8make a damp]0 ( half a p\nd ( fl\r or a 8twi/0 bak$ on a ?ick /ick4 #g4 ,read a map correctly & draw an intellig5t r\gh sket* map4 ,po9t out a compass direction )\t ! help ( a compass4 #h4 ,use an axe = fell+ or trimm+ light timb]3 or z an alt]native produce an article ( c>p5try or jo9]y or metal "w1 made by himself satisfactorily4 #i4 ,judge di/ance1 size1 numb]s & height )9 #be p] c5t4 error4 #aj4 ,br+ a t5d]foot tra9$ by himself 9 ! po9ts requir$ ( a t5d]foot4 ,,! ,,sc\ts' ,,law #a4 ,a sc\t's hon\r is to be tru/$4 ,if a sc\t 7 to break 8 hon\r by tell+ a lie1 or by n c>ry+ out an ord] exactly1 :5 tru/$ on 8 hon\r to d s1 he may be direct$ to h& ov] 8 sc\ts' badge & nev] to we> x aga94 ,he may also be direct$ to cease to be a sc\t4 #b4 ,a sc\t is loyal to 8 c\ntry1 8 (fic]s1 8 p>5ts & 8 employ]s4 ,he mu/ /ick to !m ?r\gh ?ick & ?9 aga9/ any "o :o is _! enemy or :o ev5 talks badly ab\t !m4 #c4 ,a sc\t's duty is to be useful & to help o!rs4 ,he mu/ be prep>$ at any "t to save life or to help injur$ p]sons1 & he mu/ try 8 be/ to d a good turn to somebody e day4 #d4 ,a sc\t is a fri5d to all & a bro!r to e o!r sc\t1 no matt] to :at social class ! o!r belongs4 #e4 ,a sc\t is c\rte\s1 especially to wom51 *ildr51 old p1 invalids1 & cripples4 ,& he mu/ nev] take a rew>d = be+ c\rte\s4 #f4 ,a sc\t is a fri5d to animals4 ,kill+ an animal = food is all[able4 #g4 ,a sc\t obeys ord]s ( 8 p>5ts1 patrol lead]1 or sc\t ma/] )\t "q4 #h4 ,a sc\t smiles & :i/les "u all circum/ances4 #i4 ,a sc\t is ?rifty & saves e p5ny he c & puts x into ! bank4 ,! sc\t ma/] is ! adult lead] ( a troop4 ,a troop consi/s ( ?ree or m patrols4 ,! sc\t ma/] may beg9 ) "o patrol4 ,he mu/ h a deep int]e/ 9 boys1 be g5u9e 9 8 own life1 h ! ability to lead & comm& ! boys' respect & ob$i5ce1 & possess "s k ( a boy's ways4 ,he ne$ n be an exp]t on sc\tcraft4 ,! good sc\t ma/] w discov] exp]ts = ! v>i\s activities4 ,to organize a patrol1 get toge!r sev5 or m boys1 expla9 to !m ! aims ( ! ,boy ,sc\ts1 h !m elect a lead] & corporal f _! own numb] & take ! sc\t oa? z t5d]feet4 ,to organize a local committee1 call toge!r ! lead+ m5 ( a t[n or city1 tea*]s1 bus9ess m51 pr(essional m51 & all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! prop] tra9+ ( boys1 = a committee to sup]9t5d ! developm5t ( ! sc\t movem5t4 ,!re are a numb] ( divisions to sc\t+ dep5d+ ^u ! place :]e ! boys live & ^u _! opportunities4 ,= in/ance1 to obta93 ,an ,ambulance ,badge3 ,a sc\t mu/ "k3 ,! fireman's lift4 ,h[ to drag an ins5sible man ) ropes4 ,h[ to improvise a /ret*]4 ,h[ to fl+ a life-l9e4 ,! position ( ma9 art]ies4 ,h[ to /op ble$+ f ve9 or art]y1 int]nal or ext]nal4 ,h[ to improvise spl9ts & to diagnose & b9d fractur$ limb4 ,! ,s*af] me?od ( artificial respiration4 ,h[ to deal ) *ok+1 burn+1 poison1 grit 9 eye1 spra9s & bruises1 z ! exam9]s may require4 ,g5]ally ! laws ( heal? & sanitation z giv5 9 8,sc\t+ = ,boys10 includ+ dang]s ( smok+1 9 cont95ce1 want ( v5tilation1 & lack ( cleanl9ess4 ,aviator3 ,a sc\t mu/ h a k ( ! !ory ( roplanes1 ball balloons & dirigibles1 & mu/ h made a work+ model ( an roplane or dirigible t w fly at lea/ tw5ty-five y>ds4 ,he mu/ also h a k ( ! eng9es us$ = roplanes & dirigibles4 ,bee-f>m]3 ,a sc\t mu/ h a practical k ( sw>m+1 hiv+1 hives1 & g5]al apiculture1 includ+ a k ( ! use ( artificial combs1 etc4 ,blacksmi?3 ,a sc\t mu/ be able to upset & weld a "o-in* iron rod1 make a horse%oe1 "k h[ to tire a :eel1 use a sl$ge hamm] & =ge1 %oe a horse correctly1 & r\gh-%od a horse4 ,bugl]3 ,a sc\t mu/ be able to s\nd prop]ly on ! bugle ! ,sc\ts' ,rally & ! foll[+ army calls3 ,al>m1 *>ge1 ord]lies 7ord4 corpls471 ord]s1 w>n+ = p>ade1 qu>t] bugle1 fall 91 dismiss1 rations1 fir/ & second d9n] calls 7m5's71 reveille1 la/ po/1 lights out4 ,c>p5t]3 ,a sc\t mu/ be able to %oot & glue a f\r-foot /raight jo9t1 make a h\s+1 t5on & mortise1 & halv$ jo9t1 gr9d & set a *isel & plane iron1 make a #c ft4 by #a ft4 #f 941 by #a ft4 by #f ft4 dovetail$ lock$ box1 or a table or *air4 ,cl]k3 ,a sc\t mu/ h ! foll[+ qualifications3 ,good h&writ+ & h& pr9t+4 ,ability to use typewrit+ ma*9e4 ,ability to write a lett] f memory on ! subject giv5 v]bally five m9utes previ\sly4 ,k ( simple bookkeep+4 ,or1 z alt]native to typewrit+1 write 9 %or?& f dictation at tw5ty words a m9ute z m9imum4 ,cook3 ,a sc\t mu/ be able to light a fire & make a cook-place ) a few bricks or logs2 cook ! foll[+ di%es3 ,iri% /ew1 vegetables1 omelet1 rice pudd+1 or any di%es :i* ! exam9] may consid] equival5t2 make tea1 c(fee1 or cocoa2 mix d\gh & bake bread 9 ov52 or a 8damp]0 or 8twi/0 7r\nd /eak7 at a camp fire2 c>ve prop]ly1 & h& plates & di%es correctly to p at table4 ,cycli/3 ,a sc\t mu/ sign a c]tificate t he owns a bicycle 9 good work+ ord]1 :i* he is will+ to use 9 ! sc\ts' s]vice if call$ ^u at any "t 9 case ( em]g5cy4 ,he mu/ be able to ride 8 bicycle satisfactorily1 & repair punctures1 etc4 ,he mu/ be able to read a map1 & repeat correctly a v]bal message4 ,on ceas+ to own a bicycle ! sc\t mu/ be requir$ to h& back 8 badge4 ,dairyman3 ,a sc\t mu/ und]/&3 ,managem5t ( dairy cattle2 be able to milk1 make butt] & *eese2 und]/& /]ilization ( milk1 safe use ( pres]vatives1 c>e ( dairy ut5sils & appliances4 ,electrician3 ,a sc\t mu/ h a k ( me?od ( rescue & resuscitation ( p]sons ins5sible f %ock4 ,be able to make a simple electro-magnet1 h elem5t>y k ( action ( simple batt]y cells1 & ! work+ ( electric bells & telephone4 ,und]/& & be able to rem$y fus$ wire1 & to repair brok5 electric connections4 ,eng9e]3 ,a sc\t mu/ h a g5]al idea ( ! work+ ( motor c>s & /eam locomotives1 m>9es1 int]nal combu/ion & electric eng9es4 ,he mu/ also "k ! names ( ! pr9cipal p>ts & _! functions2 h[ to />t1 drive1 fe$1 /op1 & lubricate any "o ( !m *os5 by ! c&idate4 ,f>m]3 ,a sc\t mu/ h a practical k ( pl\gh+1 cultivat+1 drill+1 h$g+ & dra9+4 ,he mu/ also h a work+ k ( f>m ma*9]y1 hay-mak+1 reap+1 head+ & /ack+1 & a g5]al acqua9tance ) ! r\t9e seasonal "w on a f>m1 includ+ ! c>e ( cattle1 horses1 %eep & pigs4 ,fireman3 ,a sc\t mu/ "k h[ to give ! al>m to inhabitants1 police1 etc4 ,h[ to ent] burn+ build+s4 ,h[ to prev5t spread ( fire4 ,use ( hose1 unroll+1 jo9+ up1 hydrants1 use ( nozzle1 etc4 ,! use ( escape1 ladd]s1 & %utes2 improvis+ ropes1 jump+ %eets1 etc4 ,! fireman's lift1 h[ to drag pati5t1 h[ to "w 9 fumes1 etc4 ,! use ( fire ext+ui%]s4 ,h[ to rescue animals4 ,h[ to salve prop]ty1 climb & pass buckets4 8,scrum0 to keep back cr[d4 ,fir/ ,aid to ,animals3 ,a sc\t mu/ h a g5]al k ( ! anatomy ( dome/ic & f>m animals1 & be able to describe treatm5t & symptoms ( ! foll[+3 ,w\nds1 fractures & spra9s1 exhau/ion1 *ok+1 lam5ess4 ,he mu/ und]/& %oe+ & %oes1 & mu/ be able to give a dr5* = colic4 ,g>d5]3 ,a sc\t mu/ dig a piece ( gr\nd n less ?an twelve feet squ>e1 "k ! names ( a doz5 plants po9t$ out 9 an ord9>y g>d51 und]/& :at is meant by prun+1 graft+ & manur+1 plant & gr[ successfully six k9ds ( vegetables or fl[]s f se$s or cutt+s1 cut & make a walk+ /ick1 or cut grass ) scy! "u sup]vision4 ,h&yman3 ,a sc\t mu/ be able to pa9t a door or ba?1 :itewa% a ceil+1 repair gas fitt+s1 tap wa%]s1 sa% l9es1 w9d[ & door fa/5+s1 replace gas mantles & electric light bulbs1 hang pictures & curta9s1 repair bl9ds1 fix curta9 & porti]e rods1 bl9d fixtures1 lay c>pets1 m5d clo?+ & uphol/]y1 d small furniture & *9a repairs1 & %>p5 knives4 ,horseman3 ,a sc\t mu/ "k h[ to ride at all paces1 & to jump an ord9>y f5ce on horseback4 ,h[ to saddle & bridle a horse correctly4 ,h[ to h>ness a horse correctly 9 s+le or d\ble h>ness1 & to drive4 ,h[ to wat] & fe$1 & to :at am\nt4 ,h[ to groom 8 horse prop]ly4 ,! evil ( be>+ & hame re9s & ill-fitt+ saddl]y4 ,pr9cipal causes & rem$ies ( lam5ess4 ,int]pret]3 ,a sc\t mu/ be able to c>ry on a simple conv]sation1 write a simple lett] on subject giv5 by exam9]1 read & translate a passage f a book or newspap]1 9 ei!r ,esp]anto or any language t is n t ( 8 own c\ntry4 ,lea!r ,work]3 ,a sc\t mu/ h a k ( tann+ & cur+1 & ei!r 7a7 be able to sole & heel a pair ( boots1 sewn or nail$1 & g5]ally repair boots & %oes3 or 7b7 be able to dress a saddle1 repair traces1 /irrup lea!rs1 etc41 & "k ! v>i\s p>ts ( h>ness4 ,m>ksman3 ,a sc\t mu/ pass ! foll[+ te/s = m9iature rifle %oot+ f any position3 ,n4,r4,a4 ,/&>d ,t>get to be us$4 ,tw5ty r\nds to be fir$ at #ae or #be y>ds4 ,highe/ possible1 #ajj po9ts4 ,a sc\t ga9+ #fj po9ts or ov] to be classifi$ z m>ksman4 ,scor+3 ,bull's-eye1 #e po9ts2 inn]1 #d po9ts2 magpie1 #c po9ts2 out] #b po9ts4 ,also3 ,judge di/ance on unkn[n gr\nd3 ,five di/ances "u #cjj y>ds1 #e betwe5 #cjj & #fjj y>ds1 ) n m ?an an error ( #be p] c5t4 on ! av]age4 ,ma/]-at-arms3 ,a sc\t mu/ atta9 pr(ici5cy 9 two out ( ! foll[+ subjects3 ,s+le-/ick1 qu>t]-/aff1 f5c+1 box+1 jiu-jitsu & wre/l+4 ,mission]3 ,! qualifications are3 ,a g5]al elem5t>y k ( sick-nurs+2 invalid cook]y1 sick-room att5dance1 b$-mak+1 & v5tilation4 ,ability to help ag$ & infirm4 ,musician3 ,a sc\t mu/ be able to play a musical in/rum5t correctly o!r ?an triangle1 & to read simple music4 ,or to play prop]ly any k9d ( musical toy1 su* z a p5ny :i/le1 m\?-organ1 etc41 & s+ a song4 ,pa?f9d]3 ,x is necess>y to "k e lane1 by-pa?1 & %ort cut = a di/ance ( at lea/ two miles 9 e direction ar\nd ! local sc\ts' headqu>t]s 9 ! c\ntry1 or = "o mile if 9 a t[n1 & to h a g5]al k ( ! di/rict )9 a five-mile radius ( 8 local headqu>t]s1 s z to be able to guide p at any "t1 by day or night4 ,to "k ! g5]al direction ( ! pr9cipal neighb\r+ t[ns = a di/ance ( tw5ty-five miles1 & to be able to give /rang]s cle> directions h[ to get to !m4 ,to "k1 9 ! c\ntry1 9 ! two-mile radius1 g5]ally1 h[ _m hayricks1 /rawricks1 wagons1 horses1 cattle1 %eep & pigs !re are on ! diff]5t neighb\r+ f>ms2 or1 9 a t[n1 to "k 9 a half-mile radius :at liv]y /abl+1 corn *&l]s1 =age m]*ants1 bak]s1 but*]s1 !re are4 ,9 t[n or c\ntry to "k :]e are ! police /ations1 hospitals1 doctors1 telegraph1 telephone (fices1 fire eng9es1 turncocks1 blacksmi?s & job-ma/]s or factories1 :]e ov] a doz5 horses are kept4 ,to "k some?+ ( ! hi/ory ( ! place1 or ( any old build+s1 su* z ! *ur*1 or o!r edifice4 ,z mu* z possible ( ! above in=mation is to be ent]$ on a l>ge scale map4 ,photograph]3 ,a sc\t mu/ h a k ( ! !ory & use ( l5ses1 & ! con/ruction ( cam]as1 action ( develop]s4 ,he mu/ take1 develop & pr9t twelve sep>ate subjects1 ?ree int]iors1 ?ree portraits1 ?ree l&scapes & ?ree in/antane\s photographs4 ,pione]3 ,a sc\t mu/ h extra effici5cy 9 pione]+ 9 ! foll[+ te/s1 or suitable equival5ts3 ,fell a n9e-in* tree or scaffold+ pole neatly & quickly4 ,tie eight k9ds ( knots quickly 9 ! d>k or bl9dfold$4 ,la% sp>s prop]ly toge!r = scaffold+4 ,build model bridge or d]rick4 ,make a camp kit*54 ,build a hut ( "o k9d or ano!r suitable = ?ree occupants4 ,pip]3 ,a sc\t mu/ be able to play a m>* & a reel on ! pipes1 to dance ! sword-dance1 & mu/ we> kilt & ,highl& dress4 ,plumb]3 ,a sc\t mu/ be able to make wip$ & braz$ jo9ts1 to cut & fix a w9d[ pane1 repair a bur/ pipe1 m5d a ball or faucet tap1 & und]/& ! ord9>y hot & cold wat] sy/em ( a h\se4 ,p\ltry ,f>m]3 ,a sc\t mu/ h a good k ( incubators1 brood]s1 sanit>y f[l-h\ses & coops & runs2 also ( re>+1 fe$+1 kill+1 & dress+ birds = m>ket2 also he mu/ be able to pack birds & eggs = m>ket4 ,pr9t]3 ,a sc\t mu/ "k ! names ( diff]5t types & pap] sizes4 ,be able to compose by h& or ma*9e1 und]/& ! use ( h& or p[] pr9t+ ma*9es4 ,he mu/ also pr9t a h&bill set up by himself4 ,seaman3 ,a sc\t mu/ be able to tie eight knots rapidly 9 ! d>k or bl9dfold$4 ,splice ropes1 fl+ a rope coil4 ,r[ & punt a boat s+le-h&$1 & punt ) pole1 or scull x ov] ! /]n4 ,/e] a boat r[$ by o!rs4 ,br+ ! boat prop]ly alongside & make x fa/4 ,box ! compass4 ,read a *>t4 ,/ate direction by ! />s & sun4 ,swim fifty y>ds ) tr\s]s1 socks1 & %irt on4 ,climb a rope or pole ( fifte5 feet1 or1 z alt]native1 dance ! hornpipe correctly4 ,sew & d>n a %irt & tr\s]s4 ,und]/& ! g5]al work+ ( /eam & hydraulic w9*es1 & h a k ( wea!r wisdom & k ( tides4 ,signall]3 ,a sc\t mu/ pass te/s 9 bo? s5d+ & receiv+ 9 semaphore & ,morse signall+ by flag1 n few] ?an tw5ty-f\r lett]s p] m9ute4 ,he mu/ be able to give & read signals by s\nd4 ,to make correct smoke & flame signals ) fires4 ,to %[ ! prop] me?od ( signall+ ) ! /aff4 ,/alk]3 ,a sc\t mu/ take a s]ies ( tw5ty photographs ( wild animals or birds f life1 & develop & pr9t !m4 ,or1 alt]nately1 he mu/ make a collection ( sixty species ( wild fl[]s1 f]ns1 or grasses1 dri$ & m\nt$ 9 a book & correctly nam$4 ,or1 alt]nately1 he mu/ make col\r$ draw+s ( tw5ty fl[]s1 f]ns or grasses1 or twelve sket*es f life ( animals & birds4 ,orig9al sket*es1 z well z ! f9i%$ pictures1 to be submitt$4 ,or1 alt]nately he mu/ be able to "n sixty diff]5t k9ds ( animals1 insects1 reptiles1 or birds 9 a museum or zoological g>d51 or f unnam$ col\r$ plates1 & give p>ticul>s ( ! lives1 habits1 appe>ance & m>k+s ( tw5ty ( !m4 ,/>man3 ,a sc\t mu/ h a g5]al k ( ! nature & movem5ts ( ! />s4 ,he mu/ be able to po9t out & "n six pr9cipal con/ellations4 ,f9d ! nor? by means ( o!r />s ?an ! ,pole ,/> 9 case ( t /> be+ obscur$ by cl\ds1 etc41 & tell ! h\r ( ! night by ! />s or moon4 ,he mu/ h a g5]al k ( ! positions & movem5ts ( ! e>?1 sun & moon1 & ( tides1 eclipses1 meteors1 comets1 sun spots1 planets4 ,surveyor3 ,a sc\t mu/ map correctly1 f ! c\ntry itself1 ! ma9 features ( a half a mile ( road1 ) #ddj y>ds ea* side1 to a scale ( two feet to ! mile1 & aft]w>d re-draw same map f memory4 ,measure ! heights ( a tree1 telegraph pole & *ur* /eeple1 describ+ me?od adopt$4 ,measure wid? ( a riv]1 & di/ance ap>t ( two objects a kn[n di/ance away & unapproa*able4 ,be able to measure a gradi5t1 cont\rs1 conv5tional signs ( ordnance survey & scales4 ,swimm+ & ,life ,sav+3 ,a sc\t mu/ be able to dive & swim fifty y>ds ) clo!s on 7%irt1 tr\s]s1 socks z m9imum74 ,able to fl+ & use life-l9e or life-buoy4 ,able to demon/rate two ways ( rescue ( dr[n+ p]son1 & revival ( app>5tly dr[n$4 ,,! ,,patrol ,! simple/ way to =m a patrol ( sc\ts is to call toge!r a small gr\p ( boys ov] twelve ye>s ( age4 ,a simple recital ( ! ?+s t sc\ts d1 ) p]haps an opportunity to look ov] ! ,manual1 w be en\gh to laun* ! organization4 ,! selection ( a patrol lead] w !n foll[1 & ! sc\t+ c beg94 ,x is well n to attempt too mu* at ! />t4 ,get ! boys to />t "w to pass ! requirem5ts = ! t5d]foot4 ,! ,patrol ,lead]3 ,ea* patrol %\ld h a patrol lead]--pref]ably a boy4 ,! *oice ( ?is lead] has mu* to d ) ! success ( ! patrol4 ,he %\ld be a recogniz$ lead] among ! boys 9 ! gr\p4 ,d n hesitate to entru/ him ) details4 ,let him feel t he is y\r "r-h& man4 ,ask 8 op9ion on matt]s p]ta9+ to ! patrol4 ,make him feel t ! success ( ! organization dep5ds l>gely ^u him1 be+ c>eful1 ( c\rse1 n to ov]do x4 ,y w f9d t ?is attitude w enli/ ! he>ty coop]ation ( ! boy & y w f9d him an untir+ work]1 ) ! ability to b9d ! boys clos] toge!r ?an y c\ld ev] hope to d alone4 ,,po9ts ,,( ,,int]e/ #a4 ,sc\t+ does n consi/ 9 we>+ a khaki suit or a lot ( decorations4 ,x is 9 do+ ! ?+s t are requir$ = ! t5d]foot1 second-class & fir/-class sc\t badges & ! badges ( m]it4 #b4 ,sc\ts d n wi% any "o to buy ?+s = !m4 ,!y buy _! own equipm5t & pay _! own way4 #c4 ,sc\ts d _! be/ to keep ! sc\t oa? & law4 #d4 ,! glory ( sc\t+ is 8to d a good turn to "s "o e day )\t rew>d40 #e4 ,sc\ts reg>d ! rights ( o!rs1 & d n trespass on ! prop]ty or feel+s ( o!rs4 #f4 ,sc\t+ means ob$i5ce & discipl9e4 ,! boy :o c't obey w nev] comm&4 #g4 ,sc\ts are always busy & gett+ fun out ( x--at "w1 at s*ool1 at home1 at play4 ,be a good sc\t4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,organize ,a ,,troop ,fir/3 ,write to ,headqu>t]s1 :i* is at #bjj ,fif? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york ,city1 = a sc\t ma/]'s c]tificate4 ,second3 ,ei!r comb9e ?ree or m patrols or hav+ "o patrol1 appo9t sev]al patrol lead]s & enli/ boys = ! new patrols4 ,?ird3 ,! m9imum numb] ( patrols 9 a troop is ?ree1 & ! maximum ! numb] a sc\t ma/] c rightly h&le4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to organize = ! sake ( a big %[+4 ,h9ts on />t+3 ,9 actually />t+ a troop1 x has be5 f\nd bett] to />t 9 a small way4 ,beg9 by "o or two lead]-m5 mak+ a c>eful /udy ( 8,sc\t+ = ,boys0 & z soon z ! ma9 ideas h be5 grasp$1 get toge!r a small numb] ( boys1 & g ?r\gh ) !m ! initial /ages /ep by /ep1 until ! boys bubble ov] ) sc\t+ ideals1 & until ! notion ( a fancy uni=m & games 9 ! c\ntry h giv5 place to a def9ite desire to qualify = manhood & citiz5%ip4 ,^! boys w make ! nucleus r\nd :i* to =m a troop1 & %\ld pass on _! tra9+ & en?usiasm to ! boys :o are enli/+ "u !m4 ,x has be5 f\nd bett] to obta9 di/9ctly old] fell[s = patrol lead]s3 ! sc\t ma/]s %\ld inv>iably be m5 :o feel ! great responsibility ( hav+ boys "u _! *>ge1 & ! possibility ( lead+ ! boys f ! mom5t :5 !y enli/ 9 ! sc\ts to ! "t !y pass out aga9 to be fully fl$g$ m54 ,f9ances3 ,! f9ances necess>y to run a troop ( sc\ts %\ld be met by ! sc\ts !mselves4 ,x is a ma9 pr9ciple ( sc\t+ to tea* ! boys to be self-reliant1 & any?+ :i* w militate aga9/ ! con/ant s5d+ r\nd ( ! hat w be a national good4 ,! ,sc\t ,ma/]3 ,! sc\t ma/] is ! adult lead] ( a troop4 ,! sc\t ma/] may beg9 ) "o patrol4 ,he mu/ h a deep int]e/ 9 boys1 be g5u9e 9 8 own life1 h ! ability to lead & comm& ! boys' respect & ob$i5ce & possess "s k ( a boy's ways4 ,he ne$ n be an exp]t on sc\tcraft4 ,! good sc\t ma/] w discov] exp]ts = ! v>i\s activities4 ,applications = sc\t ma/]s' c]tificates may be made at ! ,headqu>t]s1 #bjj ,fif? ,av5ue1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,f ! outset1 ! sc\t ma/] mu/ h ! int]e/ ( ea* boy at he>t4 ,he mu/ n play fav\rites ) any ( ! boys 9 8 patrol or troop4 ,:ile !re are sure to be boys 9 ! gr\p :o w develop m rapidly ?an o!rs1 & ^: ke5ness w be sure to call =? ! admiration ( ! sc\t ma/]1 he %\ld n p]mit himself to be 8c>ri$ away0 by ! a*ievem5ts ( ^! 8/> boys0 to su* an ext5t t he w neglect ! less aggressive boy4 ,! latt] boy is ! "o :o ne$s y\r att5tion mo/1 & y\r int]e/ 9 him mu/ be g5u9e4 ,e ef=t he makes1 no matt] h[ poor x may be1 %\ld be comm5d$ j z he>tily z ! bett] accompli%m5ts ( ! m h&y boy4 ,,practical ,,activities ,,= ,,sc\ts #a4 ,sc\tcraft3 ,boy ,sc\ts' organization1 sc\t laws1 discipl9e1 sc\ts' secret signs1 badges1 etc4 #b4 ,campaign+3 ,camp life & res\rcefulness4 ,hut & mat mak+4 ,knots4 ,fire light+4 ,cook+4 ,boat managem5t4 ,judg+ di/ances1 heights & numb]s4 ,swimm+4 ,cycl+4 ,f9d+ ! way4 ,,sign ,,po/s #a4 ,d n h 9 ! same patrol boys ( great disp>ity 9 ages4 ,= in/ance1 ! boy ( twelve %\ld n be 9 ! same gr\p ) ! sixte5-ye>-old boy1 if x c possibly be avoid$4 ,y mu/ rememb] t 9 mo/ cases ! ?+s t appeal to ! y\ng] boy w h no attraction = ! old] boy4 #b4 ,d n enroll boys "u twelve4 ,if y d y are c]ta9 to lose y\r old] boy4 ,! movem5t is di/9ctly = boys ( ! adolesc5t p]iod & is design$ to help !m to rightly cat* ! _s ( helpfulness4 #c4 ,d n try to d ev]y?+ y\rself4 ,try to rememb] t ! boys are always will+ & anxi\s to take hold4 ,let ! boys und]/& t ! :ole proposition is !irs4 ,x is :at !y make x4 ,y\r contract ) !m %\ld be l>gely ( a big bro!r nature4 #d4 ,d n burd5 nor we>y ! boys ) excessive milit>y drills & tactics4 ,! movem5t is n a milit>y "o4 ,! milit>y virtues ( ob$i5ce1 neatness1 ord]1 endurance & erect1 al]t be>+1 h[ev]1 are sc\t virtues4 ,use ev]y?+ t develops boys4 ,?is is good sc\tcraft4 #e4 ,d n conf9e ! activities ( ! patrols to ?+s ( "o "*4 ,t\* e activity z f> z possible4 ,d n omit any?+4 ,get ! prop] ag5cies to coop]ate ) y = ^! ends--a milit>y man = signall+2 a naturali/ = woodcraft2 a physician = fir/ aid1 etc4 #f4 ,d n p]mit ! boys to fail 9 ! prop] keep+ ( ! sc\t oa? & law4 #g4 ,nev] fail to keep an engagem5t ) y\r patrol or troop4 ,if some?+ %\ld delay y\r com+ or %\ld y f9d y\rself unable to keep an appo9tm5t ) !m1 be sure to notify ! patrol lead]s be=eh&4 ,x might be well to require ! same ( ! boys4 #h4 ,a real dang] po9t is ! failure ( a sc\t ma/] to visit ! boys 9 _! homes4 ,kn[+ ! boys' p>5ts means mu*1 & _! coop]ation w be mu* he>ti] :5 !y "k ! man to ^: c>e !y entru/ _! boy1 aft] he has discuss$ ) !m ! real purpose ( ! sc\t movem5t4 #i4 ,d n hesitate to give a boy a h>d task1 b n an impossible "o4 ,a boy likes to d h>d ?+s4 #aj4 ,d n attempt "r at ! />t to give ! boy e bit ( detail reg>d+ ! activities ( ! troop4 ,"w out ! plans ) ! boys f "t to "t1 always res]v+ "s ?+s ( int]e/ = ! next meet+4 ,y\r attempt to give !m ev]y?+ at "o "t w cause ! :ole proposition to assume ! nature ( a task in/ead ( pleasurable education1 z 0 orig9ally int5d$4 #aa4 ,hold frequ5t te/s = advancem5t to ! classes ( sc\?ood4 ,get y\r fell[s to really w9 _! badges4 #ab4 ,z a sc\t ma/] use good judgm5t4 ,if !re are o!r sc\t ma/]s 9 y\r t[n1 or a sc\t c\ncil or local committee1 coop]ate ) ^!4 ,to be a sc\t ma/]1 y mu/ h ! _s ( '#gf1 b be sure to "w ) o!rs4 ,! boys w b5efit by ! lesson4 ,,! ,,sc\ts' ,,camp ,to g camp+ %\ld mean m ?an m]ely liv+ "u canvas away f ! piles ( brick & /one t make up our cities4 ,to be 9 ! op5 air1 to brea! pure oxyg51 to sleep ^u 8a b$ ( b\ghs beside ! trail10 to look at ! camp fire & ! />s1 & to he> ! :isp] ( ! trees--all ( ?is is good4 ,b ! camp (f]s a bett] opportunity ?an ?is4 ,x (f]s ! f9e/ me?od = a boy's education4 ,betwe5 twelve & eighte5 ye>s ! int]e/s ( a boy are g5]al ones1 & rea* f ! cat*+ ( tadpoles & m9n[s to f9d+ ,god 9 ! />s4 ,8 int]e/s are ! g5]al mass int]e/s t are s abundant 9 nature1 ! activities t give ! c\ntry boy su* an advantage = ! real enjoym5t ( life ov] ! city lad4 ,two weeks or two mon?s 9 camp1 !y are too valuable to be wa/$ 9 loaf+1 cig>ette smok+1 c>d play+ or %oot+ craps4 ,to make a camp a pr(itable ?+ !re mu/ ne$s be in/ruction2 n =mal b in=mal in/ruction4 ,sc\t+1 nature /udy1 sc\t law1 camp cook+1 signall+1 pione]+1 pa? f9d+1 sign read+1 /alk+ = cam]a purposes1 k ( animals & plants1 fir/ aid1 life sav+1 manual "w 7mak+ ?+s71 hygi5e1 sex in/ruction1 /> gaz+1 discipl9e1 kn[+ ! rocks & trees1 & ! ability to d = "o's self1 9 ord] t a boy may gr[ /rong1 self-reliant1 & helpful4 ,?is is a p>tial li/ ( ! subject 9 ! camp curricula4 ,a model sc\t camp programme is giv5 "h4 ,x takes eight days to c>ry x out1 b !re is mat]ial en\gh to run t5 times ! numb] ( days specifi$4 ,a ,,sir ,r4,s4,s4 ,,bad5-,,p[ell ,,sc\t ,,camp ,,model ,,programme ,fir/ ,day3 ,prelim9>y "w3 settl+ into camp1 =mation ( patrols1 di/ribution ( duties1 ord]s1 etc4 ,second ,day3 ,campaign+3 camp res\rcefulness1 hut & mat mak+1 knots1 fire light+1 cook+1 heal? & sanitation1 endurance1 f9d+ way 9 /range c\ntry1 & boat managem5t4 ,?ird ,day3 ,obs]vation3 notic+ & memoriz+ details f> & ne>1 l&m>ks1 track+1 d$uc+ mean+ f tracks & signs1 & tra9+ ! eyesight4 ,f\r? ,day3 ,woodcraft3 /udy ( animals1 birds1 plants & />s2 /alk+ animals1 notic+ p1 read+ _! "* & condition1 & !reby ga9+ _! sympa?y4 ,fif? ,day3 ,*ivalry3 hon\r1 code ( knights1 unselfi%ness1 c\rage1 *>ity & ?rift2 loyalty to ,god1 c\ntry1 p>5ts & employ]s1 or (fic]s2 practical *ivalry to wom52 ! obligation to d a 8good turn0 daily1 & h[ to d x4 ,six? ,day3 ,sav+ life3 f fire1 dr[n+1 sew] gas1 runaway horses1 panic1 /reet accid5ts1 improvis$ app>atus1 & fir/ aid4 ,sev5? ,day3 ,patriotism3 national geography1 ! hi/ory & de$s t won our _w p[]1 ! navy & army1 flags1 m$als1 duties ( a citiz51 m>ksman%ip1 help+ ! police4 ,eigh? ,day3 ,a summ>y ( ! :ole c\rse3 sports compris+ games & competitive practices 9 all subjects ( ! c\rse4 ,,camp ,,r\t9es #f4cj a4m4 ,turn out1 ba!1 etc4 #g4jj ,breakfa/ #h4jj ,air b$d+ 9 sun if possible #i4jj ,sc\t+ games & practice #aa4jj ,swimm+ #ab4jj m4 ,d9n] #a4jj p4m4 ,talk by lead] #b4jj ,wat] games1 etc4 #f4jj ,supp] #g4cj ,ev5+ c\ncil ar\nd camp fire ,ord] ( bus9ess3 ,op5+ c\ncil ,roll-call ,record ( la/ c\ncil ,report ( sc\ts ,left-ov] bus9ess ,compla9ts ,hon\rs ,new sc\ts ,new bus9ess ,*all5ges ,social do+s1 songs1 dances1 /ories ,clos+ c\ncil 7devotional s]vices :5 desir$7 #aj4jj p4m4 ,lights out4 ,! fa!r ( sc\t+ = boys 9 ,am]ica1 & 9 fact ! inspiration = ! movem5t 9 ,engl& "u ,lieut-,g54 ,sir ,rob]t ,s4,s4 ,bad5-,p[ell1 ,k4,c4,b41 is ,mr4 ,erne/ ,?ompson ,seton1 ! di/+ui%$ naturali/ & nature /ud5t4 ,! (ficial h&book ( ! organization may be obta9$ f ,d\bl$ay1 ,page & ,company1 ,g>d5 ,city1 ,n4,y41 ! publi%]s ( ?is book1 or f ! national headqu>t]s ( ,! ,boy ,sc\ts ( ,am]ica4 ,,iii ,,camps ,,& ,,camp+ ,h[ to select ! be/ place & to pit* ! t5t--,a bru% b$--,! be/ k9d ( a t5t--,h[ to make ! camp fire--,:at to d :5 x ra9s--,fre% air & good food--,! bru% leanto & h[ to make x ,go+ camp+ is ! be/ fun 9 ! _w if we "k h[ to d x4 ,e heal?y boy & girl if giv5 an opportunity %\ld enjoy liv+ outdoors = a week or two & play+ at be+ an ,indian4 ,!re is m to camp+ h[ev] ?an 8r\gh+ x0 or see+ h[ mu* h>d%ip we c be>4 ,a good camp] always makes himself j z com=table z he c "u ! circum/ances4 ,! say+ t 8an army travels on its /oma*0 means t a soldi] c n make long m>*es or fight h>d unless he has good food4 ,! sure/ sign ( a 8t5d]foot0 is ! boy :o makes fun ( y because y try to h a s(t dry b$ :ile he pref]s to sleep on ! gr\nd "u ! mi/ak5 idea t x is manly or brave4 ,he w usually spoil a trip 9 ! woods = e "o 9 ! p>ty4 ,ano!r poor k9d ( a camp] pit*es 8 t5t s t 8 b$ gets wet & 8 food spoil$ on ! fir/ ra9y day1 & !n sits ar\nd cold & hungry try+ h>d to ?9k t he is hav+ fun1 to keep f gett+ homesick4 ,?is k9d ( a boy 8locks ! door aft] ! horse is /ol540 ,if we g camp+ we mu/ "k h[ to prev5t ! unpleasant ?+s f happ5+4 ,we mu/ always be ready = w9d & ra91 heat & cold4 ,a camp+ p>ty %\ld make _! plans a long "t ahead 9 ord] to get _! equipm5t ready4 ,c>eful li/s %\ld be made ( :at we ?9k we %all ne$4 ,aft] we are out 9 ! woods1 !re w be no *ance to run ar\nd ! corn] to ! groc]'s to supply :at we h =gott54 ,if x is =gott51 we mu/ simply make ! be/ ( x & n all[ x to spoil our trip4 ,x is surpris+ h[ _m ?+s t we ?9k are almo/ necess>y to life we c get along )\t if we are oblig$ to4 ,! true woodsman kn[s h[ to turn to 8 use a ?\s& ( nature's gifts & to make himself com=table1 :ile y & ,i might /& t]rifi$ & mis]able "u ! same conditions4 ,daniel ,boone1 ! great wild]ness travell]1 c\ld g out alone 9 ! untrack$ =e/ ) no?+ b 8 rifle1 8 axe & a small pack on 8 back & by a k ( ! />s1 ! riv]s1 ! trees & ! wild animals1 he c\ld g = weeks travell+ hundr$s ( miles1 build+ 8 b$ & 8 leanto out ( ! ev]gre5 b\ghs1 light+ 8 fire ) 8 fl9t & /eel1 %oot+ game = 8 food & dress+ & cur+ _! sk9s = 8 clo?+ & 9 a ?\s& ways supply+ 8 ne$s f nature's /oreh\se4 ,! s*ool ( ! woods nev] s5ds out graduates4 ,we may le>n some?+ new e day4 ,illu/ration3 ,) a head %elt] & a sleep+ bag he c keep dry & w>m ,! av]age city boy or girl does n h an opportunity to become a skill$ ma/] ( woodcraft1 b because we _c le>n x all is no reason :y we %\ld n le>n some?+4 ,! be/ way to le>n x is 9 ! woods !mselves & n out ( books4 ,a p>ty ( f\r boys makes a good numb] = a camp+ trip4 ,!y w probably agree bett] ?an two or ?ree4 ,!y c d mu* ( ! camp "w 9 pairs4 ,no "o ne$ to be left alone to look aft] ! camp :ile ! o!rs g fi%+ or hunt+ or to "s ne>by t[n = ! mail or = supplies4 ,!re is no reason :y f\r boys ( fifte5 :o are res\rceful & c>eful _c sp5d a week or two 9 ! woods 9 p]fect safety & come back home s\nd] 9 m9d & body ?an :5 !y left4 ,x is always bett] to take along "s "o :o has 8camp$ out0 be=e4 ,if he _c be f\nd1 !n make y\r plans1 decide :at y w d & h[ y w d x1 take a few cook+ lessons f "m or ! cook--if ! latt] is good-natur$--& g anyway4 ,fir/ elect a lead]1 n because he is any m important ?an ! re/ b because if "s "o goes ahead & gives directions1 ! life 9 camp w run mu* m smoo?ly & e "o w h a bett] "t4 ,if x is y\r fir/ exp]i5ce 9 camp+1 y _h bett] g some:]e ne> home4 ,! be/ place is "o t c be rea*$ by wagon4 ,if we h to c>ry our supplies on our backs or 9 a canoe1 ! am\nt we c take w be mu* less4 ,aft] y h _h "s exp]i5ce ne> home y c safely try ! o!r way4 ,:]e y g is ( comp>atively little importance4 ,ne> e l>ge city !re is "s lake or riv] :]e y c f9d a good camp+ site4 ,camp]s always h m fun if !y are ne> "s wat]1 b if su* a place is n easily f\nd ne> :]e y live1 g into ! woods4 ,try to get away f t[ns or villages4 ,! wild] ! place is1 ! bett]4 ,y _h bett] make sure ( y\r camp+ gr\nd be=e y g by writ+ a lett] to ! own] ( ! l&4 ,x isn't mu* fun aft] we h pit*$ ! t5t & made ev]y?+ %ip%ape to h "s angry l&[n] come along & ord] u (f because we are trespass]s4 ,9 select+ a place to camp1 !re are sev]al v important ?+s to look out =4 #a4 ,be sure y are ne> a supply ( dr9k+ wat]4 ,a spr+ or a brook is be/1 b ev5 ! lake or riv] w d if ! wat] is pure & clean4 ,! wat] at ! bottom ( a lake is always mu* cold] & clean] ?an ! surface wat]4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy1 ,i us$ a simple device = gett+ cold wat] :i* "s ( y may l to copy4 ,i took an old-fa%ion$ jug & fa/5$ a /rong /r+ to ! h&le & also fa/5$ ?is /r+ to ! cork ( ! jug z ! draw+ %[s4 ,! jug 0 weight$ s t x w\ld s9k1 by means ( a piece ( /one ti$ to ! h&le4 ,we us$ to g out to ! middle ( ! lake :]e ! wat] 0 ! deepe/ & l[] ! jug ov] ! side ( a boat4 ,:5 x rea*$ bottom we w\ld give ! /r+ a %>p tug & ?us pull out ! cork4 ,! bubbles com+ to ! surface %[$ u :5 ! jug 0 full4 ,we !n haul$ x on bo>d & _h cle>1 cold1 dr9k+ wat] f a lake t on ! surface 0 w>m en\gh = swimm+4 ,illu/ration3 ,! jug by :i* we obta9$ pure1 cold wat] #b4 ,! next important ?+ 9 select+ a camp is be+ ne> a supply ( firewood4 ,a week 9 camp w consume an amaz+ am\nt ( wood1 especially if we h a camp fire at night to sit ar\nd & s+ & tell /ories be=e turn+ 94 ,9 mo/ sections !re is pl5ty ( dead wood t we c use = camp fires4 ,?is does n mean a lot ( twigs & bru%4 ,!re is no use try+ to g camp+ unless "s "o kn[s h[ to use an axe4 ,9 ano!r *apt] ,i w tell y some?+ ab\t ! prop] use ( axes & hat*ets4 ,= ! pres5t x is suffici5t to say t an excell5t place to practise h&l+ an axe is on ! family woodpile4 ,y w ?us comb9e bus9ess & pleasure1 & y\r ef=ts w be appreciat$ by y\r family1 :i* w\ld n be ! case if1 l ,george ,wa%+ton1 y began y\r lessons 9 woodcraft on ! fav\rite *]ry tree4 ,almo/ any k9d ( wood w burn :5 x is dry1 b x takes exp]i5ce to "k ! k9ds ( trees t w burn :5 !y are gre54 ,if !re is no dry wood 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & we are oblig$ to cut a tree d[n to get our supply1 x is v important to pit* our camp some:]e ne> ! "r k9d ( a tree & n be oblig$ to c>ry our firewood a long di/ance4 ,! be/ 8gre5 wood0 = ! camp]s' fire is hickory1 al?\gh bir* is excell5t4 ,hickory is also ! be/ dry wood4 ,o!r trees t w burn well :5 gre5 are c$>1 :ite a%1 locu/ or :ite oak4 ,!re are comp>atively few places1 h[ev]1 :]e dry wood is n available & ( c\rse x is always be/ to avoid su* a place4 #c4 ,! camp site %\ld be 9 a fairly op5 spot4 ,?ick woods & und]bru% are ei!r hot or 8damp0 cool4 ,if y c f9d a site t is %ad$ dur+ ! heat ( ! day s mu* ! bett]4 ,x is unwise to pit* ! t5t "u a tree t /&s alone on acc\nt ( possible dang] f lightn+4 ,if y\r t5t is %ad$ by a tree be sure !re are no dead limbs to bl[ (f & wreck x dur+ a /orm4 ,be sure t ! dra9age is good1 s t 9 case ( heavy ra9s1 ! wat] w run (f & n flood ! camp4 ,x is v important if y\r camp is along "s riv] or /ream to be high en\gh to avoid ! dang] ( sudd5 floods4 ,?is c usually be det]m9$ by talk+ to "s "o :o kn[s ! c\ntry4 ,y c also tell x by /udy+ ! previ\s high wat] m>ks 9 ! trees4 ,9 case ( floods !re are always "s wisps ( /raw1 pieces ( bru%1 etc41 caught & held by ! limbs ( trees aft] ! wat] settles back to its =m] level4 ,x is a good *ance to practise y\r woodcraft by try+ to f9d !m4 ,damp locations are v bad4 ,! high] we c get1 ! dri] x w be4 ,we avoid bo? fogs & mosquitoes4 ,usually !re is "s prom95t place t w give u a good outlook & :]e ! breezes c rea* u4 ,!re are bo? good & bad po9ts 9 pit*+ our t5t on ! site ( a =m] camp4 ,z long z ! =m] camp]s h n sc\r$ ! surr\nd+ neighb\rhood = firewood nor h left a place litt]$ up ) all sorts ( rubbi% & g>bage to draw flies & v]m91 !y may h fix$ up ?+s ar\nd ! camp site to save u "w & to add to our com=t & pleasure4 ,ea* case w h to be decid$ on its own m]its4 ,illu/ration3 ,a wall t5t ,! ?ree important ?+s !n are ! wat] supply1 ! firewood supply1 & good dra9age4 ,next 9 importance to ! camp site is ! outfit1 & ! mo/ important ?+ is ! t5t4 ,= a p>ty ( f\r boys on _! fir/ camp+ trip1 ! be/ k9d w be a wall t5t4 ,a t5t1 #aa x #ad feet w be l>ge en\gh to provide sleep+ qu>t]s & to h e "o com=table4 ,a simple %elt] ( canvas outside c be provid$ z a d9+-room b ?is is m ( a luxury ?an a real necessity4 ,canvas or duck is ! common mat]ial f :i* t5ts are made4 ,! /&>d eight-ounce khaki duck us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates army w1 = ?is size t5t1 co/ ab\t tw5ty doll>s4 ,?is w include a fly1 :i* is m]ely a second ro( to ! t5t4 ,! be/ mat]ial = t5ts is balloon silk4 ,x is mu* m wat]pro( ?an canvas & only weighs a qu>t] z mu*4 ,x is also mu* m exp5sive4 ,a t5t c be made at home1 :i* is ( c\rse ! *eap] way4 ,!y c also be hir$ f previ\s camp]s or f "s awn+ mak] :o is also usually a t5t mak]4 ,a canvas t5t )\t a fly w leak 9 a ra9 /orm if ! ro( is t\*$ on ! inside ei!r by our h&s or our clo?+4 ,x may be made p>tially wat]pro( by a coat+ ( p>aff9e :i* has be5 previ\sly dissolv$ 9 turp5t9e4 ,! simple/ & at ! same "t ! w>me/ t5t = an exp]i5c$ camp] :o kn[s ! tricks ( ! trade is a leanto t5t1 "o ) "o side entirely op51 9 front ( :i* a blaz+ fire may be kept burn+4 ,?is is h>dly adapt$ = boys on _! fir/ trip1 h[ev]4 ,ano!r v good & v simple t5t is ! 8,a0 t5t us$ 9 ! army4 ,?is looks l a 8,v0 turn$ upside d[n4 ,we c pit* x )\t ! aid ( t5t poles by simply hang+ x be we5 two trees to :i* a rope has be5 /ret*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,an 8,a0 t5t ,! ,hudson ,bay t5t1 trapp]'s t5t1 =e/]'s t5t1 canoe t5t1 & a doz5 o!rs1 includ+ an ,indian tepee & wigwam1 are all good t5ts = special purposes4 ,! pictures %[ ! diff]5t /yles & all ( !m are design$ = special uses1 ei!r = w>m? or lightness 9 c>ry+ or ease 9 pit*+4 ,if we g camp+ 9 summ] & c h our equipm5t or 8duffle10 z ! woodsm5 call x1 c>ri$ by team1 ! wall t5t w be ! be/ "o to take4 ,t5t pegs c always be cut 9 ! woods1 b x is f> m satisfactory to get !m ready at home be=e we leave4 ,if y d cut y\r own pegs1 select h>dwood sapl+s to make !m f & to fur!r h>d5 ! po9ts1 *> !m slightly 9 a fire4 ,if y sp5d a few w9t] ev5+s at home mak+ ! pegs1 x w save y a lot ( "t & tr\ble :5 y rea* ! camp+ gr\nd4 ,! be/ pegs are made ( iron or /eel4 ,?is is especially true :5 ! gr\nd :]e !y are to be driv5 is h>d or rocky1 :i* is usually ! case4 ,/eel t5t p9s may be b\ght = six c5ts apiece or possibly ! local blacksmi? w make !m = less4 ,!y %\ld be a foot long4 ,a sod clo? is a /rip ( canvas eight or t5 in*es wide fa/5$ to ! bottom ( ! t5t wall4 ,its purpose is to keep ! w9d & ra9 f bl[+ "u ! t5t4 ,aft] ! t5t is pit*$ a dit* %\ld be dug all ar\nd x to cat* ! ra9 & c>ry x away4 ,! e>? t is dug f ?is tr5* may be ?r[n on ! sod clo? to hold x d[n4 ,x is an excell5t idea1 if y are a beg9n]1 to practise pit*+ ! t5t at home s t y w und]/& x bett] :5 y are 9 ! woods4 ,besides ?is1 y c try sleep+ out a night or two to see h[ y are go+ to l x4 ,illu/ration3 ,a trapp]'s t5t ,:5 y rea* y\r camp+ place1 ! fir/ /ep is to cle> ! gr\nd ( all rubbi%1 loose /ones1 /icks & bru% to h a clean floor4 ,!n unpack ! t5t & fit ! pegs ( ! two upright poles ?r\gh ! two holes 9 ! ridge pole4 ,next raise ! t5t & peg ! guy ropes on ! f\r corn]s fir/4 ,a little practice w %[ y h[ to d ?is4 ,aft] all ! ropes are pegg$ at a prop] di/ance f ! t5t1 !y %\ld be tight5$ & ! t5t made secure4 ,always plan to h a full f\r h\rs ( daylight to make y\r camp ready4 ,if ! drive is a long "o & y are oblig$ to get up v e>ly 9 ! morn+1 y w h to d x1 t is all4 ,i made my fir/ camp+ trip :5 ,i 0 twelve ye>s old4 ,we _h j rea*$ ! camp+ gr\nd1 unload$ our kit & s5t ! team home t br\ght u :5--bang6 ov] ! m\nta9 across ! lake f :]e we 7 go+ to camp1 a t]rific ?und] %[] came up & 9 a few m9utes x 0 p\r+4 ,!re 0 our :ole outfit--t5t1 b$d+ & food--gett+ soak$ because1 in/ead ( hurry+ along dur+ ! day1 we _h fool$ away our "t try+ to cat* fi% 9 wayside brooks t _h nev] se5 a fi% & n realiz+ h[ important x is to make ha/e z well z hay :ile ! sun %9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,indian tepee ,we quickly pit*$ ! t5t1 n z x %\ld h be5 pit*$1 b 9 a heap ov] ! re/ ( our goods to keep out z mu* wat] z possible & !n ran = a ne>by b>n :]e we sp5t a cold hungry night1 wett] b wis]4 ,! next day1 out came ! sun & dri$ our ?+s1 b if ! ra9 _h cont9u$ we c]ta9ly %\ld h be5 oblig$ to g home or at lea/ to a f>mh\se to /ay until ! wea!r cle>$4 ,we soon =got our unpleasant exp]i5ce b we h n =gott5 ! lesson x taught--& t is n to wa/e "t along ! road :5 !re is "w to be done at ! j\rney's end4 ,next to a good t5t1 ! mo/ important ?+ = ! camp] is a good b$4 ,x is ev5 m important ?an good food because if we sleep well1 hung] w furni% ! sauce = our grub1 b if we sp5d ! night try+ to dodge "s root or rock t is bor+ into our back & t we h>dly felt :5 we turn$ 9 b :i* grew to an enorm\s size 9 our imag9ation be=e morn+1 we w be half sick & soon get en\gh ( be+ an ,indian4 ,a canvas cot makes ! be/ camp b$ if x c be tak5 along conv5i5tly4 ,!re is "o important ?+ to look out = 9 sleep+ on a cot4 ,9 my fir/ exp]i5ce ( ! k9d1 ,i ne>ly froze4 ,i kept pil+ ?+s on me until all my clo?+1 & ev5 ! camp t[els & table-clo? 7 press$ into s]vice & 0 ?9k+ ab\t pull+ "s dry grass to pile on ! re/ ( ! /uff4 ,/ill ,i %iv]$ until ,i discov]$ t ! cold 0 com+ up f und]nea? because !re 0 no?+ to keep x out b ! s+le ?ickness ( canvas4 ,:5 ,i put "o ( my blankets "u me1 ,i 0 z w>m z toa/4 ,v (t5 x is impossible to c>ry cots on a trip1 & t is :]e a k ( woodcraft comes 94 ,! s(te/1 sweete/1 d[nie/ b$ 9 ! _w c be made ) no o!r mat]ials b ^? :i* gr[ 9 ! =e/--if we "k h[4 ,at lea/ ! tir$ camp] w ?9k x is s(t & w sleep on x l a top & wake up refre%$ 9 ! morn+4 ,p]haps if we _h our *oice we w\ld pref] our own b$ at home1 b 9 ! woods we d n h ?is *oice4 ,mo/ p call ?is a b$ ( 8p9e b\ghs40 ,illu/ration3 ,h[ ! b\gh b$ is made ,:y ,i d n "k z x nev] %\ld be made ( p9e "u any circum/ances4 ,! be/ wood = ! b\gh b$ is balsam4 ,if ?is does n gr[ 9 ! neighb\rhood1 hemlock1 spruce1 or ev5 c$> w d4 ,to make a b\gh b$ prop]ly means a lot ( "w4 ,! fir/ /ep is to cut f\r /raight /icks4 ,! side pieces %\ld be six feet & a half long & ! end pieces ?ree feet & a half4 ,!y %\ld be not*$ on ! ends ) an axe & ei!r nail$ or ti$ toge!r f sapl+s or f a tree t y h fell$4 ,small balsam b\ghs %\ld be brok5 (f ) ! f+]s & laid "o on ! o!r until ! :ole b$ is fill$ ) !m4 ,on ?is1 ! rubb] blanket or pon*o %\ld be spread & ! blankets ov] all4 ,all ! b\ghs %\ld be %+l$ ) ! /ems d[n to keep !m 9 ! be/ condition4 ,?is k9d ( a b$ w require remak+ e day4 ,a bett] b$ = ! boy camp] is made z foll[s3 ,take a piece ( heavy b$ tick+ & sew x into a bag ab\t ?ree feet by six feet4 ,:5 y rea* camp y c make a regul> mattress by fill+ x ) :atev] mat]ial is mo/ easily f\nd4 ,dry leaves8 grass1 hay1 ev5 moss or wet fill] c be us$ if no?+ dry c be f\nd1 b 9 ?is case ! rubb] blanket w be an absolute necessity4 ,( c\rse x is mu* bett] to use "s dry mat]ial4 ,be sure to h a com=table b$4 ,no matt] :at ideas y may h ab\t c[boys & soldi]s roll+ up 9 _! blankets & snat*+ a few h\rs' sleep "u ! />s by ly+ on ! b>e gr\nd1 a boy :o is us$ to a good b$ at home w nev] h mu* fun out ( a camp+ trip if he tries to sleep on ! gr\nd ) a rock = 8 pill[4 ,= a summ] camp+ trip1 "o blanket is en\gh4 ,y mu/ le>n to roll up 9 x4 ,lie flat on y\r back & cov] ! blanket ov] y4 ,!n raise up y\r legs & tuck x "u fir/ on "o side & !n ! o!r4 ,! re/ is easy4 ,?is beats try+ to 8roll up0 9 x1 actually4 ,! common summ] blankets us$ at home are n mu* use = ! camp]4 ,^! are usually all cotton4 ,a camp]'s blanket %\ld be all wool4 ,y c buy a /&>d ,u4,s4 ,army blanket1 size #ff x #hd in*es1 = five doll>s4 ,!y c (t5 be pur*as$ 9 /ores t deal 9 second-h& army supplies = mu* less & are j z good z new except = "s slight /a9 or defect4 ,a sleep+ bag is exp5sive b is excell5t = cold wea!r camp+4 ,x is mu* too hot = ! boy camp] 9 summ]4 ,d n sleep 9 y\r clo?+4 ,unless x is too cold1 undress1 ab\t z y d at home4 ,if ! blanket feels tickly1 x w\ld n be a great crime1 no matt] :at ! t5d]foot says :o want$ y to sleep on ! gr\nd1 to take along a %eet4 ,i h nev] done ?is1 h[ev]4 ,at ! end ( ?is *apt]1 y w f9d a li/ ( ?+s to take ) y4 ,! camp fire & ! cook+ fire %\ld be sep>ate4 ,almo/ any "o c k9dle a fire ) dry mat]ials4 ,x takes a woodman to build a fire :5 x has be5 ra9+ & ev]y?+ is wet4 ,! boy's me?od ( tak+ a few newspap]s1 & a h&ful ( bru% or leaves w n d4 ,fir/ look ar\nd = an old dead top ( a p9e or c$>4 ,if y _c f9d "o1 *op d[n a c$> tree4 ,:ittle a h&ful ( spl9t]s & %av+s f ! dry he>t4 ,try to f9d ! lee side ( a rock or log :]e ! w9d & ra9 d n beat 94 ,fir/ put d[n ! %av+s or "s dry bir* b>k if y c f9d x1 & %elt] x z well z y c f ! ra94 ,pile up "s l>g] spl9t]s ( wood ov] ! k9dl+ mat]ial l an ,indian's wigwam4 ,!n light x & give x a *ance to get into a good blaze be=e y pile on any l>g] wood & put ! :ole fire out4 ,x s\nds easy b be=e y try x 9 ! woods ,i advise y to select ! fir/ ra9y day & g out ne> home & exp]im5t4 ,to make a fire t w burn 9 front ( ! t5t all night1 fir/ drive two gre5 /akes into ! gr\nd at a slant & ab\t five feet ap>t4 ,!n lay two big logs "o on ea* side ( a /ake to s]ve z &irons4 ,build a fire betwe5 ^! logs & pile up a r[ ( logs above ! fire & lean+ aga9/ ! /akes4 ,y may h to brace ! /akes ) two o!rs :i* %\ld h a =k$ end4 ,:5 ! l[] log burns out ! next "o w drop d[n 9 its place & unless y h s(t1 poor wood ! fire %\ld burn = t5 h\rs4 ,) ?is k9d ( a fire & ) a leanto1 x is possible to keep w>m 9 ! woods1 on ! colde/1 night 9 w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! frame = a bru% leanto ,?is is ! way to build a bru% leanto3 ,fir/ cut two /icks & drive !m into ! gr\nd4 ,!y %\ld h a po9t on "o end & a =k on ! o!r4 ,lay a /\t pole across ! two =ks l a gypsy fire rig4 ,!n lean poles aga9/ ! crosspiece & f9ally ?at* ! ro( ) spruce1 hemlock or o!r b\ghs & pile up b\ghs = ! sides4 ,a bru% camp is only a make%ift arrangem5t & is nev] wea!r pro(4 ,x is simply a tempor>y %elt] :i* ) ! all-night fire burn+ 9 front w keep a man f freez+ to dea? 9 ! woods4 ,any k9d ( a t5t is bett] or ev5 a piece ( canvas or a blanket = ! ro( ( ! leanto w be bett] ?an ! ro( ( b\ghs4 ,be c>eful n to set ! leanto on fire ) ! sp>ks f y\r camp fire4 ,mosquitoes h probably spoil$ m camp+ trips t any o!r "o ?+4 ,! be/ t5ts h mosquito net or *eese clo? fronts :i* may be held close to ! gr\nd by a /ick on ! bottom4 ,p]haps ! easie/ way to secure protection is = ea* boy to take along a few y>ds ( cotton mosquito nett+ & by means ( curv$ /icks build a canopy ov] 8 b$4 ,a smoky fire call$ a 8smudge0 w sometimes keep ! pe/s away f ! neighb\rhood ( ! t5t or if we build x 9 ! t5t w drive !m out1 b ! rem$y is almo/ z bad z ! disease4 ,z a rule !y w only be tr\blesome at night & ! net ov] our b$ w enable u to sleep 9 peace4 ,! mo/ common 8dope0 us$ 9 ! woods to keep (f mosquitoes is call$ oil ( citronella4 ,x has a v pung5t od\r t ! mosquitoes d n l & ! *ances are t y w n l x ei!r4 ,at ! same "t x may be a good plan to take a small bottle along4 ,y may safely c\nt on f9d+ mosquitoes1 no matt] :]e y g or :at ! p tell y :o live !re4 ,p]haps !y h nev] tri$ sleep+ 9 ! woods & d n "k4 ,be sure !re=e to take along "s nett+ or *eese clo? to protect y\rself aga9/ !m4 ,ev]y?+ t y c d at home to get ready = y\r camp+ trip w add to y\r pleasure :5 y get out 9 ! woods4 ,if any "p ( y\r kit ne$s fix+1 fi%+ rods w\nd or v>ni%$1 y\r jack-knife gr\nd1 y\r cam]a fix$1 or if y\r clo?+ ne$s any pat*es or buttons1 d x at home4 ,no "o ev] does half t he plans to on a trip l ?is unless he does n plan to d any?+4 ,take along a few books to read = ! ra9y days & h !m cov]$ ) musl9 if y ev] expect to put !m back into y\r libr>y4 ,if y h be5 putt+ (f a visit to ! d5ti/1 by all means d x be=e y get out :]e !re are no d5ti/s4 ,an a*+ too? c spoil a vacation 9 ! woods ab\t z easily z any?+ ,i "k (4 ,z a f9al ^w ( advice to ! beg9n] 9 camp+1 let me tell y a few ?+s t my own exp]i5ce has taught me4 ,a felt hat is bett] ?an a cap z x is sun & ra9 pro(4 ,we> a flannel %irt & take "o extra "o4 ,y c wa% "o & we> ! o!r4 ,be sure to h a new %irt pl5ty loose 9 ! neck z camp wa%+ 9 cold wat] w make x %r9k4 ,d n g ar\nd 9 gymnasium %irts or sleeveless j]seys4 ,"o ( my companions did ?is once & 0 s t]ribly sunburn$ t 8 :ole trip 0 spoil$4 ,two sets ( und]we> are pl5ty1 includ+ ! "o y we>4 ,take along a silk h&k]*ief to we> ar\nd y\r neck4 ,we> com=table %oes4 ,a camp+ trip is a poor place to break 9 new hunt+ boots or %oes4 ,take b&anna h&k]*iefs & leave y\r l95 ones at home4 ,if y h to *oose betwe5 a coat & a sweat] take ! sweat] & leave ! coat at home4 ,a coat is out ( place 9 ! woods4 ,khaki or canvas tr\s]s are excell5t4 ,s are corduroy4 ,an old pair ( wooll5 tr\s]s are j z good z ei!r4 ,a pon*o is almo/ necess>y to y\r com=t4 ,x is m]ely a rubb] or oilsk9 piece ) a slit 9 x to put y\r head ?r\gh4 ,! "r size is #ff x #ij in*es4 ,) x y c keep dry day or night1 ei!r us+ x z a g>m5t or z a cov]4 ,:5 y are n us+ x y c cov] x ov] y\r b$ or food supply4 ,take along a good pocket knife & compass4 ,bett] leave ! revolv] home4 ,also always c>ry a wat]pro( box ( mat*es4 ,y w require "s k9d ( a wat]pro( 8duffle0 bag to c>ry y\r p]sonal ?+s--too? bru%1 extra clo?+1 mirror1 fi%+ tackle1 t[el1 soap1 m$ic9e1 9 fact :atev] y ?9k y w ne$4 ,if x is y\r fir/ camp+ trip y w come home )\t hav+ _h any use :atev] = m ?an half ! ?+s y take4 ,t is ! exp]i5ce ( e "o1 s d n become disc\rag$4 ,if y camp )9 rea* ( a po/-(fice1 address "s /amp$ envelopes to y\r home 9 ink be=e y leave4 ,!n y w h no excuse = n writ+ a lett] home4 ,y c make an excell5t pill[ by roll+ up y\r tr\s]s4 ,be sure to take ev]y?+ out ( ! pockets fir/1 includ+ y\r knife1 & roll !m ) ! top inside s t ! buttons or y\r belt buckle w n bore into y\r e>4 ,if y fall ov]bo>d & come a%ore to dry out1 /uff y\r %oes full ( dry grass or old pap] to keep !m f %r9k+4 ,:5 !y are dry1 s(t5 !m ) tall[ or oil4 ,e "o :o goes camp+ at "s "t or o!r gets wet4 ,! only advice ,i c give y is to get dry aga9 z soon z possible4 ,z long z y keep mov+ x w probably n injure y4 ,wat]pro( g>m5ts are ( little use 9 ! woods4 ,!y are always too w>m = summ] we> & by hold+ ! p]spiration1 are m ( an injury ?an a b5efit4 ,nev] we> rubb] boots 9 ! woods or y w surely take cold4 ,bett] h wet feet4 ,! be/ foot we> is moccas9s4 ,if y we> !m see t !y are sev]al sizes too l>ge & we> at lea/ two pairs ( heavy wooll5 /ock+s ) !m4 ,,iv ,,camp ,,cook+ ,h[ to make ! camp fire range--,bread bak]s--,cook+ ut5sils--,! grub li/--,simple camp recipes ,mo/ boys1 & ,i regret to say a few girls too1 n[adays1 seem to reg>d a k ( cook+ z some?+ to be a%am$ (4 ,! boy :o expects to d mu* camp+ or :o ev] expects to take c>e ( himself out 9 ! woods _h bett] get ?is idea out ( 8 head j z soon z possible4 ,cook+ 9 a mod]n kit*5 has be5 r$uc$ to a sci5ce1 b ! boy or man :o c prep>e a good meal ) little b nature's /oreh\se to draw on & :o c make an ov5 t w bake bread t is fit to eat1 ) ! ne>e/ range fifty miles away1 has le>n$ some?+ t 8 "m or si/] _c d & some?+ t he %\ld be v pr\d (4 ,camp cook+ is an art & to become an exp]t is ! pr9cipal ?+ 9 woodcraft--no?+ else is s important4 ,we (t5 he> h[ good ! ?+s ta/e t h be5 cook$ ov] ! camp fire4 ,p]haps a good heal?y appetite has some?+ to d ) x1 b x is pretty h>d ev5 = a hungry boy to reli% half-bak$1 soggy bread or biscuits t are m suitable = fi%+ s9k]s ?an = human food4 ,a p>ty )\t a good cook is usually ready to break camp long be=e ! "t is up1 & !y are lucky if ! doctor is n call$ 9 z soon z !y get home4 ,!re is really no ne$ = poor food 9 ! woods4 ,v few woodsm5 are good cooks simply because !y w n le>n4 ,! camp cook always has ! be/ fun4 ,e "o is ready to wait on him 8if he w only1 please get d9n] ready0 ,"o ye> :5 ,i 0 camp+ at ! head ( ,moosehead ,lake 9 ,ma9e1 ,i _h a guide to :om ,i paid ?ree doll>s a day4 ,he cook$ & ,i got ! firewood1 clean$ ! fi% & did ! *ores ar\nd camp4 ,8 cook+ 0 s poor t ! food ,i 0 =c$ to eat 0 really spoil+ my trip4 ,"o day ,i sugge/$ t we take turns cook+1 & 9 place ( ! black muddy c(fee1 greasy fi% & soggy biscuit1 ,i made "s ,johnny-cake1 boil$ a little rice & rais9s & bak$ a fi% = a *ange in/ead ( fry+ x4 ,8 turn to cook nev] came aga94 ,he sugge/$ himself t he w\ld be wood*opp] & scullion & let me d ! cook+4 ,i readily agre$ & f\nd t x 0 only half z mu* "w z be+ ! h&y man4 ,! basis ( camp cook+ is ! fire4 ,x is ! sure/ way to tell :e!r ! cook kn[s 8 bus9ess or n4 ,! beg9n] always />ts ) a fire hot en\gh to roa/ an ox & j be=e he beg9s cook+ piles on m wood4 ,!n :5 ev]y?+ is sizzl+ & r$-hot1 includ+ ! h&les ( all 8 cook+ ut5sils1 he is ready to beg9 ! prep>ation ( ! meal4 ,a cl\d ( smoke foll[s him ar\nd ! fire ) e %ift ( ! w9d4 ,occasionally he w ru% 9 ?r\gh ! smoke to turn ! meat or /ir ! porridge & ru% out aga9 puff+ & gasp+ = brea?1 8 eyes wat]y & bl9d$ & 8 f+]s scor*$ almo/ l a fireman com+ out ( a burn+ build+ :]e he has gone to rescue "s *ild4 ,! *ances are1 if ?is k9d ( a cook takes hold ( ! h&le ( a hot fry+ pan1 pan & cont5ts w be dump$ 9 a heap into ! fire to fur!r add to ! smoke & blaze4 ,:5 ! old h& beg9s to cook1 he fir/ takes out ( ! fire ! unburn$ pieces & blaz+ /icks1 leav+ a b$ ( gl[+ coals to :i* he c easily add a little wood1 if ! fire gets l[ & a wat*$ pot refuses to boil to 8 satisfaction4 ,:5 ! fire is simply a mass ( r$ coals he quietly goes to cook+1 & if 8 fire has be5 well made & ( ! "r k9d ( wood1 ! emb]s w cont9ue to gl[ & give out heat = an h\r4 ,( c\rse1 if ! cook+ consi/s 9 boil+ wat] = "s purpose1 !re is no p>ticul> objection to a hot fire1 ! fire above describ$ is = broil+1 fry+ & work+ ar\nd g5]ally4 ,illu/ration3 ,a type ( camp fire t w burn all night ,!re are all sorts ( camp fireplaces4 ,! quicke/ "o to build & "o ( ! be/ z well1 is ! 8hunt]'s fire10 ,all y ne$ is an axe4 ,take two gre5 logs ab\t six to eight in*es ?ick & five feet long & lay !m six in*es ap>t at "o end & ab\t f\rte5 in*es at ! o!r4 ,be sure t ! logs are /raight4 ,x is a good plan to flatt5 ! surface slightly on "o side ) ! axe to furni% a bett] re/+ place = ! pots & pans4 ,if ! logs roll or seem insecure1 make a %all[ tr5* to hold !m or w$ge !m ) flat /ones4 ,! sure/ way to hold !m 9 place is to drive /akes at ea* end4 ,build y\r fire betwe5 ! logs & build up a cob h\se ( firewood4 ,split wood w burn mu* m quickly ?an r\nd /icks4 ,z ! blaz+ emb]s fall betwe5 ! logs1 keep add+ m wood4 ,d n get ! fire outside ( ! logs4 ,! object is to get a b$ ( gl[+ coals betwe5 !m4 ,:5 y are ready to beg9 cook+1 take out ! smoky1 burn+ pieces & leave a b$ ( r$-hot coals4 ,if y h no axe & c f9d no logs1 a some:at simil> fireplace c be built up ( flat /ones1 b be sure t y\r /one fireplace w n topple ov] j at ! critical "t4 ,if y only h y\r jack-knife1 ! be/ fire is a 8,gypsy ,rig04 ,cut two crot*$ /icks1 drive !m into ! gr\nd & lay a crosspiece on !m j z y w\ld beg9 to build ! leanto describ$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 b ( c\rse n s high above ! gr\nd4 ,! kettles & pots c be hung f ! crossb> by means ( pot hooks1 :i* are pieces ( wood or wire %ap$ l a lett] 8,s40 ,ev5 /raight /icks w d ) two nails driv5 into !m4 ,^! %\ld be ( diff]5t l5g?s to adju/ ! pots at v>i\s heights above ! fire1 dep5d+ on :e!r y wi% to boil some?+ furi\sly or m]ely to let x simm]4 ,d n susp5d ! kettles by runn+ ! b> ?r\gh !m4 ,?is is v amateuri%4 ,) a gypsy fire1 ! fry+ pan1 c(fee pot & gridiron w h to be set "r on ! b$ ( coals4 ,an arrangem5t = camp fires t is bett] & less "w ?an ! logs is obta9$ by us+ fire irons1 :i* are two flat pieces ( iron a y>d or s long re/+ on /ones & ) ! fire built und]nea?4 ,! :ole object ( ei!r logs or irons is to furni% a secure re/+ place = cook+ ut5sils above ! fire4 ,!re are sev]al k9ds ( ov5s us$ = bak+ bread & roa/+ meat 9 outdoor life4 ,! simple/ way is to prop a fry+ pan up 9 front ( ! fire4 ,?is is n ! be/ way b y w h to d x if y are travell+ light4 ,a reflector1 :5 made ( %eet iron or alum9um is ! be/ camp ov54 ,t9 is n s satisfactory because x w n reflect ! heat equally4 ,bo? ! top & bottom ( ! reflector ov5 are on a slope & midway betwe5 is a /eel bak+ pan held 9 place by grooves4 ,?is ov5 c be mov$ ab\t at w to regulate ! am\nt ( heat & fur!rmore x c be us$ 9 front ( a blaz+ fire )\t wait+ = a b$ ( coals4 ,su* a rig c easily be made by any t9smi?4 ,a v conv5i5t fold+ reflector ov5 c be b\ght 9 alum9um = ?ree or f\r doll>s4 ,:5 n us$ = bak+1 x makes an excell5t di%pan4 ,illu/ration3 ,a reflector camp ov5 ,! /&>d camp ov5 t has be5 us$ by g5]ations ( pione]s & camp]s is ! ,dut* ov54 ,x is simply an iron pot on %ort legs & is provid$ ) a heavy cov]4 ,to use x1 dig a hole 9 ! gr\nd l>ge en\gh to hold x1 build a fire & fill ! hole ) emb]s4 ,!n scoop out a place = ! pot1 cov] x ov] ) m emb]s & a%es & let ! cont5ts bake4 ,= ! boy :o wants to g to ! limit 9 dep5d+ on 8 own res\rces1 ! clay ov5 is ! ne>e/ to real woodcraft4 ,?is is made 9 ! side ( a bank by burr[+ out a hole1 ) a smoke outlet 9 ! re>4 ,a hot fire built inside w bake ! clay & hold x toge!r4 ,to use ?is ov51 build a fire 9 x & :5 ! ov5 is hot1 rake out ! coals & put 9 y\r bread or meat on flat /ones4 ,close ! op5+ ) ano!r /one & keep x clos$ long en\gh to give ! ov5 a *ance4 ,?is me?od is n recomm5d$ to beg9n]s :o are oblig$ to eat :at !y cook1 b 9 ! h&s ( a real cook1 w give spl5did results4 ,! reflector ov5 is ! be/ = mo/ cases if y c c>ry x conv5i5tly4 ,! k9d ( a cook+ equipm5t t we take ) u on a camp+ trip w dep5d on :at we c c>ry conv5i5tly1 h[ mu* we are will+ to r\gh x & :at our /ock ( provisions w be4 ,"o ?+ is sure--! ?+s t we borr[ f home w r>ely be fit to return4 ,9 mak+ a raid on ! family kit*51 bett] w>n ! folks t !y are giv+ u ! pots & pans in/ead ( m]ely l5d+ !m4 ,v compact cook+ outfits c be b\ght if "o c>es to g to ! exp5se4 ,an alum9um cook kit = f\r p1 s made t ! v>i\s articles ne/ "o into ! o!r1 c be b\ght = fifte5 doll>s4 ,x weighs only t5 p\nds & takes up a space ( #aj x #ab in*es4 ,su* a kit is v conv5i5t if we move camp frequ5tly or h to c>ry our outfit ) u1 b = ! p>ty ( boys go+ out by team x is n wor? ! exp5se4 ,y w ne$ sev]al t9 pails1 two iron pots1 a m9]'s c(fee pot--all 9 "o piece includ+ ! lip--two fry+ pans1 possibly a d\ble boil] = oatmeal & o!r cook$ c]eals1 iron spoon1 l>ge knife1 vegetable knife1 iron =k & broil]4 ,a numb] ( odds & ends w come 9 h&y1 especially t9 plates to put ?+s on4 ,take no crock]y or glassw>e4 ,x w be sure to be brok54 ,d n =get a c op5]4 ,camp fire ut5sils %\ld nev] be sold]$4 ,ei!r seamless w>e or rivet$ jo9ts are ! only safe k9d4 ,sold] is sure to melt ov] a hot op5 fire4 ,! p]sonal equipm5t = ea* boy %\ld be t9 cup1 knife1 =k1 & spoons1 deep t9 plate1 extra plate & p]haps "o extra set ( ev]y?+ = company if !y %\ld happ5 to drop 94 ,a lot ( di% wa%+ c be avoid$ if we use pap] or wood5 plates & burn !m up aft] ! meal4 ,! ma9 "q is 8,:at %all we take to eat40 ,a li/ ( food or z x is commonly kn[n 8! grub li/0 is a subject t w h to be decid$ by ! p>ty !mselves4 ,i w give y a li/ t w keep f\r hungry boys f /ay+ hungry = a trip ( two weeks & leave some?+ ov] to br+ home4 ,if ! li/ does n suit y exactly y c sub/itute or add o!r ?+s4 ,x is an excell5t plan = ! p>ty to take a few home cook$ ?+s to get />t$ on1 a piece ( roa/$ meat1 a di% ( bak$ beans1 "s crull]s1 cookies or g+] snaps4 ,we mu/ also consid] :e!r we %all get any fi% or game4 ,if fi%+ is good1 ! am\nt ( meat we take c be greatly cut d[n4 ,?is li/ has be5 calculat$ to supply a p>ty :o are will+ to eat camp f>e & :o d n expect to be able to buy bread1 milk1 eggs or butt]4 ,if y c get ^! ?+s ne>by1 !n camp+ is b little diff]5t f eat+ at home4 ,,grub ,,li/ ,t5 lbs4 bacon1 half a ham1 #d cans corn$ beef1 #b lbs4 *eese1 #c lbs4 l>d1 #h cans cond5s$ milk1 #h lbs4 h>d tack1 #aj packages soda crack]s1 #f packages sweet crack]s1 #ab lbs4 ( :eat fl\r1 #ab lbs4 ( yell[ cornmeal1 c bak+ p[d]1 bu%el potatoes1 #a peck onions1 #c lbs4 gr\nd c(fee1 lb4 tea1 sack salt1 #g lbs4 granulat$ sug>1 #c packages prep>$ griddle cake fl\r1 #d packages assort$ c]eals1 includ+ oatmeal1 #d lbs4 rice1 dri$ fruits1 cann$ corn1 peas1 beans1 cann$ bak$ beans1 salmon1 tomatoes1 sweetmeats & :atev] else y l4 ,be sure to take along pl5ty ( t9 boxes or tight wood5 boxes to keep ra9 & v]m9 away f ! food4 ,tell y\r groc] to pack ! /uff = a camp+ trip & to put ! p]i%able ?+s 9 tight boxes z f> z possible4 ,if y are go+ to move camp1 h "s wat]pro( bags = ! fl\r4 ,if y c c>ry eggs & butt]1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,a t9 crack] box buri$ 9 ! mud along "s cold brook or spr+ makes an excell5t camp]'s refrig]ator especially if x is 9 ! %ade4 ,nev] leave ! food expos$ ar\nd camp4 ,z soon z ! cook is ?r\gh ) x let "s "o put x away 9 its prop] place :]e ! flies1 ants1 birds1 sun1 du/1 & ra9 _c get at x4 ,always exam9e food be=e y cook x4 ,take no?+ = grant$4 ,once :5 camp+ ! camp cook = breakfa/ made a huge pot ( a c]ta9 br& ( breakfa/ food4 ,we 7 all tuck+ x away z only hungry boys c1 :5 "s "o compla9$ t cat]pill>s 7 dropp+ f ! tree into 8 b[l4 ,we %ift$ our seats--& ate "s m1 & !n made ! a/oni%+ discov]y t ! breakfa/ food 0 full ( worms4 ,we look$ at ! package & f\nd t ! groc]s _h palm$ (f "s /ale goods on u & t ! box 0 fairly alive4 ,we all enjoy ! recollection ( x m ?an we did ! actual exp]i5ce4 ,x is impossible 9 a book ( ?is k9d to say v mu* ab\t h[ to cook4 ,t subject alone has fill$ "s v l>ge books4 ,we c le>n "s ?+s at home provid$ t we c duplicate ! conditions 9 ! woods4 ,s _m home recipes conta9 eggs1 milk & butt] t !y are n mu* use :5 we h none ( ! ?ree4 ,!re is a book 9 my libr>y entitl$ 8,"o ,hundr$ ,ways to ,cook ,eggs0 b x w\ld n d a boy mu* good 9 ! woods unless he _h ! eggs4 ,if y ask y\r "m or ! cook to tell y h[ to raise bread or make pies & cakes1 be sure t y w h ! same +r$i5ts & tools to "w ) t %e has4 ,x might be well to le>n a few simple ?+s ab\t fry+ & boil+1 z bo? ( ^! ?+s c be done ev5 by a beg9n] ov] ! camp fire4 ,!re are a few g5]al cook+ rules t ,i w attempt to give y & leave ! re/ = y to le>n f exp]i5ce4 ,y use bacon 9 ! woods to furni% grease 9 ! fry+ pan = ! ?+s t are n fat en\gh !mselves to furni% _! own grease4 ,cond5s$ milk if ?9n$ ) wat] makes a good sub/itute = sweet milk1 aft] y get us$ to x4 ,to make c(fee1 all[ a tablespoonful ( gr\nd c(fee to ea* cup ( wat]4 ,bett] measure bo? ?+s until y le>n j h[ full ( wat] to fill ! pot to satisfy ! wants ( y\r p>ty4 ,d n boil c(fee furi\sly4 ,! be/ way is n to boil x at all b t w\ld be almo/ l tell+ a boy n to g swimm+4 ,bett] let x simm] & :5 y are ready = x1 p\r 9 a da% ( cold wat] to settle ! gr\nds & see t no "o %akes ! pot aft]w>d to /ir up gr\nds--& tr\ble4 ,a teaspoonful ( tea is en\gh = two p4 ,?is y mu/ n boil unless y want to tan y\r /oma*4 ,p\r boil+ wat] on ! tea & let x /eep4 ,good camp bread c be made f :ite fl\r1 "o cup2 salt1 "o teaspoonful2 sug>1 "o teaspoonful & bak+ p[d]1 "o teaspoonful4 ,wet ) wat] or bett] ) dilut$ cond5s$ milk4 ,p\r 9 a greas$ pan & bake 9 ! reflector ov5 until :5 y te/ x by /ick+ a wood5 spl9t] into x1 ! spl9t] w come out clean )\t any d\gh adh]+ to x4 ,if y want to make ! k9d ( bread t has be5 ! /&>d ration = camp]s = hundr$s ( ye>s y mu/ eat johnny-cake or pone4 ,x is really pla9 corn bread4 ,p]sonally ,i l x bett] ?an any ( ! rais$ breads or prep>$ fl\rs t are us$ 9 ! woods4 ,x %\ld always be eat5 hot & always brok5 by ! h&s4 ,to cut x ) a knife w make x heavy4 ,! +r$i5ts are simply "o qu>t ( yell[ meal1 "o teaspoonful ( salt & ?ree cups--"o & "o-half p9ts--( w>m wat]4 ,/ir until ! batt] is light & bake = a %ort h\r4 ,te/ x ) ! wood5 spl9t] ! same z :eat bread4 ,x may be bak$ 9 an op5 fire on a piece ( flat wood or by roll+ up balls ( x1 y c ev5 roa/ x 9 ! a%es4 ,a teaspoonful ( sug> improves x some:at & x c be conv]t$ into cake by add+ rais9s or huckleb]ries4 ,= y\r butt]1 y w use bacon grease or gravy4 ,indian meal1 next to bacon1 is ! camp]'s /&-by4 ,9 addition to ! johnny-cake1 y c boil x up z mu% & eat ) syrup or cond5s$ milk & by slic+ up ! cold mu%1 if !re is any left1 y c fry x next day 9 a spid]4 ,! beg9n] at cook+ always makes ! mi/ake ( ?9k+ t to cook prop]ly y mu/ cook fa/4 ,! m ! grease sputt]s or ! h>d] ! pot boils1 ! bett]4 ,z a rule1 rapid boil+ ( meat makes x t\gh4 ,game & fi% %\ld be put on 9 cold wat] & aft] ! wat] has boil$1 be set back & all[$ to simm]4 ,d n ?r[ away ! wat] y boil meat 94 ,x w make good s\p--unless e "o 9 camp has tak5 a h& at salt+ ! meat1 z is (t5 ! case4 ,all gre5 vegetables %\ld be crisp & firm :5 !y are cook$4 ,if !y h be5 ar\nd camp = sev]al days & h lo/ _! fre%ness1 fir/ soak !m 9 cold wat]4 ,a piece ( pork cook$ ) beans & peas w give !m a ri*] flav\r4 ,! wat] t is on cann$ vegetables %\ld be p\r$ (f be=e cook+4 ,cann$ tomatoes are an exception to ?is rule1 h[ev]4 ,save all ! leftov]s4 ,if y d n "k :at else to d ) !m1 make a /ew or s\p4 ,y c make s\p ( almo/ any?+4 ,! ,*9ese use birds' ne/s & ! ,eskimos c make s\p ( old %oes4 ,a v palatable s\p c be made f v>i\s k9ds ( vegetables ) a few bones or extract ( beef add$ = body4 ,! l5g? ( "t to cook ?+s is ! mo/ tr\blesome ?+ to ! beg9n]4 ,ne>ly ev]y?+ w take long] ?an y ?9k4 ,oatmeal is "o ( ! ?+s t e beg9n] is apt to burn1 h5ce ! value ( ! d\ble boil]4 ,rice is "o ( ! be/ camp foods if well cook$4 ,x c be us$ 9 a great v>iety ( ways l cornmeal4 ,b bew>e6 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! :ole li/ ( human food t has q ! swell+ p[] ( rice4 ,half a teacupful w soon swell up to fill ! pot4 ,a tablespoonful to a p]son w be an ample all[ance & !n1 unless y h a good size pot to boil x 91 h "s "o /&+ by ready ) an extra pan to cat* ! surplus :5 x beg9s to swell4 ,!re are c]ta9 g5]al rules = cook+ :i* may help ! beg9n] al?\gh !y are n absolute4 ,mutton1 beef1 lamb1 v5ison1 *ick51 & l>ge birds or fi% w require f t5 to tw5ty m9utes' cook+ = ea* p\nd ( weight4 ,! pr9cipal value ( ?is is to at lea/ be sure t y ne$ n te/ a five-p\nd *ick5 aft] x has be5 cook+ fifte5 m9utes to see if x is done4 ,peas1 beans1 potatoes1 corn1 onions1 rice1 turnips1 beets1 cabbage1 & mac>oni %\ld1 :5 boil$1 be done 9 f tw5ty to ?irty m9utes4 ,! sure/ te/ is to ta/e !m4 ,!y w be burn$ 9 t _m seconds1 if y all[ ! wat] to boil (f or put !m 9 ! middle ( a smoky fire :]e !y _c be wat*$4 ,fri$ ?+s are ! easie/ to cook because y c tell :5 !y are done m easily4 ,fri$ food h[ev] is always objectionable & z little ( x %\ld be eat5 z possible4 ,y are n mu* ( a camp cook if a fry+ pan is y\r only tool4 ,a bottle ( catsup or "s pickles w (t5 give j ! "r ta/e to ?+s t o!rwise seem to be lack+ 9 flav\r4 ,9 fry+ fi%1 always h ! pan pip+ hot4 ,te/ ! grease by dropp+ 9 a bread crumb4 ,x %\ld quickly turn br[n4 8,pip+ hot0 does n mean smok+ or grease on fire4 ,dry ! fi% ?or\ghly ) a t[el be=e putt+ !m into ! pan4 ,!n !y w be crisp & flaky in/ead ( grease-soak$4 ,! same rule is true ( potatoes4 ,if y put ! latt] on br[n but*]'s pap] :5 !y are done1 !y w be greatly improv$4 ,ne>ly e camp] w />t to d ?+s away f home t he w\ld nev] ?9k ( do+ "u 8 own ro(4 ,"o ( ^! is to dr9k great quantities ( /rong c(fee ?ree times a day4 ,if y f9d t aft] y turn 9 = ! night1 y are ly+ awake = a long "t wat*+ ! />s & li/5+ to ! fi% spla%+ 9 ! lake or ! hoot owl m\rnfully 8too-hoo+0 f> (f 9 ! woods1 d n blame y\r b$ or comm5ce to wond] if y are n gett+ sick4 ,j cut out ! c(fee1 t's all4 ,v ,,woodcraft ,! use ( an axe & hat*et--,be/ woods = special purposes--,:at to d :5 y are lo/--,nature's compasses ,! ^w 8woodcraft0 simply means skill 9 any?+ :i* p]ta9s to ! woods4 ,! boy :o c read & und]/& nature's signbo>ds1 :o kn[s ! names ( ! v>i\s trees & c tell :i* are be/ adapt$ to c]ta9 purposes1 :at b]ries & roots are edible1 ! habits ( game & ! be/ way to trap or capture !m1 9 %ort ! boy t kn[s h[ to get along )\t ! conv5i5ces ( civilization & is self-reliant & manly1 is a /ud5t ( woodcraft4 ,no "o c hope to become a ma/] woodsman4 ,:at he le>ns 9 "o section may be ( little value 9 "s o!r "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,a guide f ,ma9e or ,canada might be comp>atively helpless 9 ,florida or ! ,tropics1 :]e ! vegetation1 wild animal life1 & cu/oms ( ! woods are entirely diff]5t4 ,mo/ ( u are hopeless t5d]feet any:]e1 j l l&lubb]s on %ipbo>d4 ,! real ma/]s ( woodcraft--,indians1 trapp]s1 & guides--are1 z a rule1 m5 :o d n ev5 "k ! mean+ ( ! ^w 8woodcraft40 ,"s p ?9k t to "k woodcraft1 we mu/ take x up ) a tea*]1 j z we might le>n to play golf or t5nis4 ,x is q diff]5t f le>n+ a game4 ,mo/ ( :at we le>n1 we %all h to tea* ourselves4 ,( c\rse we mu/ pr(it f ! exp]i5ce & obs]vation ( o!rs1 b no man's op9ion c take ! place ( ! evid5ce ( our own eyes4 ,a naturali/ once told me t *ipmunks nev] climb trees4 ,i h se5 a *ipmunk on a tree s ,i "k t he is mi/ak54 ,z a rule ! natives 9 any section only "k en\gh woods-lore or natural hi/ory to meet _! absolute ne$s4 ,accurate obs]vation is1 z a rule1 r>e among c\ntry p unless !y are oblig$ to le>n f necessity4 ,pl5ty ( boys born & rais$ 9 ! c\ntry are ignorant ( ! v simple/ facts ( _! daily exp]i5ce4 ,!y c\ld n give y ! names ( a doz5 local birds or wildfl[]s or tell y ! diff]5ce betwe5 a mu%room & a toad/ool to save _! lives4 ,illu/ration3 ,! wild]ness travell] ,on ! o!r h&1 "s c\ntry boys :o h kept _! e>s & eyes op5 w "k m ab\t ! wild life ( ! woods ?an p :o attempt to write books ab\t x2 myself1 = example4 ,i h a boy fri5d up 9 ,ma9e :o c fell a tree z big ar\nd z 8 body 9 t5 m9utes1 & fur!rmore he c drop x 9 any direction t he wants to )\t leav+ x hang+ up 9 ! bran*es ( "s o!r tree or dropp+ x 9 a s(t place :]e ! logg+ team _c possibly haul x out )\t mir+ ! horses4 ,! /ump w be almo/ z clean & flat z a saw-cut4 ,?is boy c also build a log cab91 *9k up ! cracks ) clay & moss & furni% x ) b5*es & tables t he has made1 ) no o!r tools ?an an axe & a jack-knife4 ,he c make a rope out ( a grape-v9e or pat* a hole 9 8 bir* b>k canoe ) a piece ( b>k & a little spruce gum4 ,he c take y out 9 ! woods & g = miles ) nev] a ?\ght ( gett+ lo/1 tell y ! names ( ! diff]5t birds & _! calls1 :at b]ries are good to eat1 :]e ! p>tridge ne/s or ! moose fe$s1 & s on4 ,if y c\ld g ar\nd ) him = a mon?1 y w\ld le>n m real woodcraft ?an books c\ld tell y 9 a lifetime4 ,& ?is boy _c ev5 read or write & probably nev] he>d ! ^w 8woodcraft40 ,8 s*ool has be5 ! s*ool ( h>d knocks4 ,he kn[s ^! ?+s z a matt] ( c\rse j z y "k y\r way home f s*ool4 ,8 fa!r is a wood*opp] & has taught him to take c>e ( himself4 ,if y desire to become a good woodsman1 ! fir/ & mo/ important ?+ is to le>n to use an axe4 ,pat5t fold+ hat*ets are well en\gh 9 _! way1 b = real wood*opp+ an axe is ! only ?+4 ,"o ( f\r p\nds is ab\t ! "r weight = a beg9n]4 ,z x comes f ! /ore1 ! edge w be f> too ?ick & clumsy to d good "w4 ,fir/ h x c>efully gr\nd by an exp]t & wat* h[ he does x4 ,if ,i 7 a c\ntry boy ,i %\ld be m pr\d ( skilful axeman%ip ?an to be pit*] on ! village n9e4 ,) a good axe1 a good rifle1 & a good knife1 a man c take c>e ( himself 9 ! woods = days1 & ! axe is m important ev5 ?an ! rifle4 ,! easie/ way to le>n to be an axeman is to make ! acqua9tance ( "s wood*opp] 9 y\r neighb\rhood4 ,b let me w>n y4 ,nev] ask him to l5d y 8 axe4 ,y w\ld n be fri5ds v long if y did4 ,y mu/ h "o ( y\r own1 & let x be l y\r wat* or y\r too?bru%1 y\r own p]sonal prop]ty4 ,a *eap axe is poor economy4 ,! brighte/ pa9t & ! gaudie/ labels d n always mean ! be/ /eel4 ,y\r fri5d ! wood*opp] w tell y :at k9d to buy 9 y\r neighb\rhood4 ,! h&le %\ld be /raight-gra9$ hickory & be=e buy+ x y w run y\r eye along x to see t ! helve is n w>p$ or twi/$ & t !re are no knots or bad places 9 x4 ,! hang ( an axe is ! way ! h&le or helve is fitt$ to ! head4 ,an exp]t wood*opp] is r>ely satisfi$ ) ! heft ( an axe z x comes f ! /ore4 ,he pref]s to hang 8 own4 ,9 fact1 mo/ wood*opp]s pref] to make _! own axe h&les4 ,y w ne$ a /one to keep a ke5 edge on ! axe4 ,no "o c d good "w ) a dull blade1 & an edge t has be5 nick$ by *opp+ into ! gr\nd or hitt+ a /one is absolutely inexcusable4 ,to *op a tree1 fir/ be sure t ! own] is will+ to h x *opp$4 ,!n decide 9 :i* direction y wi% x to fall4 ,?is w be det]m9$ by ! k9d ( gr\nd1 clos5ess ( o!r trees1 & ! pres5ce ( bru% or und]gr[?4 ,:5 a tree has fall5 ! wood*opp]'s "w has only begun4 ,he mu/ *op (f ! bran*es1 cut & split ! ma9 trunk1 & ei!r make sawlogs or cordwood l5g?s4 ,h5ce ! importance ( obta9+ a good lie = ! tree4 ,be=e beg9n+ to *op ! tree1 cut away all ! bru%1 v9es1 & und]gr[? ar\nd its butt z f> z y w sw+ ! axe4 ,?is is v important z _m ( ! accid5ts ) an axe result f neglect ( ?is precaution4 ,z we sw+ ! axe x may cat* on a bu% or bran* ov] our head1 :i* causes a glanc+ bl[ & a possible accid5t4 ,be c>eful n to dull ! axe 9 cutt+ bru%4 ,y c (t5 d m damage to its edge ) und]gr[? no ?ick] ?an "o's f+] ?an 9 *opp+ a tree a foot ?r\gh4 ,if ! bru% is v light1 x w (t5 be bett] to use y\r jack-knife4 ,illu/ration3 ,! "r way to *op a tree--make two not*es on opposite sides ,9 cutt+ a tree1 fir/ make two nicks or not*es 9 ! b>k on ! side to :i* y wi% x to fall & z f> ap>t z half ! diamet] ( ! tree4 ,!n beg9 to sw+ ! axe sl[ly & )\t try+ to bury its head at e bl[ & pry+ x loose aga91 b ) regul> /rokes fir/ across ! gra9 at ! bottom & !n 9 a slant+ direction at ! top4 ,! size ( ! *ips y make w be a measure ( y\r degree ( skill4 ,hold ! h&le r loosely & keep y\r eye on ! place y wi% to hit & n on ! axe4 ,d n "w ar\nd ! tree or girdle x b keep "r at ! not* y are mak+ until x is half way ?r\gh ! tree4 ,d n %ift y\r feet at e bl[ or rise up on y\r toes4 ,?is w\ld tire ev5 an old wood*opp] 9 a %ort "t4 ,see t y d n set y\rself too fa/ a pace at fir/4 ,a beg9n] always />ts ) too small a not*4 ,see to x t y\rs is wide en\gh 9 ! />t4 ,illu/ration3 ,! wrong way--?is looks l ! "w ( a beav] ,:5 y h cut ab\t half way ?r\gh1 g to ! o!r side ( ! tree & />t ano!r not* a little high] ?an ! fir/ "o4 ,a skill$ man c *op ei!r "r-or left-h&$ b ?is is v difficult = a beg9n]4 ,if y are naturally "r-h&$1 ! quicke/ way to le>n left-h&$ wood *opp+ is to /udy y\r usual position & note :]e y naturally place y\r feet & h&s4 ,!n rev]se all ?is & keep at x f ! left-h&$ position until x becomes second nature to y & y c *op equally well f ei!r position4 ,?is y may le>n 9 a week or y may nev] le>n x4 ,x is a lot easi] to write ab\t ?an x is to d4 ,:5 ! tree beg9s to creak & %[ signs ( toppl+ ov]1 give x a few %>p bl[s & z x falls jump sideways4 ,nev] jump or run backw>d4 ,?is is "o way t m5 get kill$ 9 ! woods4 ,a fall+ tree w (t5 kick backw>d l a %ot4 ,x w r>ely g f> to ei!r side4 ,( c\rse a fall+ tree is a s\rce ( dang] anyway1 s y mu/ always be on y\r gu>d4 ,if y wi% to cut ! fall5 tree into logs1 = a cab91 = in/ance1 y w (t5 h to jump on top ( x & cut betwe5 y\r feet4 ,?is requires skill & = t reason ,i place a k ( axeman%ip ahead ( any?+ else 9 woodcraft except cook+4 ,) a crosscut saw1 we c make bett] look+ logs & ) less "w4 ,next to kn[+ h[ to *op a tree is kn[+ :at k9d ( a tree to *op4 ,diff]5t v>ieties possess entirely diff]5t qualities4 ,! amateur wood*opp] w note a great diff]5ce betwe5 *opp+ a second gr[? *e/nut & a t\gh old apple tree4 ,we mu/ le>n t "s trees1 l oak1 sug> maple1 dogwood1 a%1 *]ry1 walnut1 bee*1 & elm are v h>d & t mo/ ( ! ev]gre5s are s(t1 su* z spruce1 p9e1 arbor vitae1 z well z ! popl>s & bir*es4 ,x is easy to rememb] t lignum vitae is "o ( ! h>de/ woods & arbor vitae "o ( ! s(te/4 ,"s woods1 l c$>1 *e/nut1 :ite bir*1 a%1 & :ite oak1 are easy to split1 & wild *]ry1 sug> maple1 hemlock1 & sycamore are all b unsplitable4 ,we decide ! k9d ( a tree to cut by ! use to :i* x is to be put4 ,= ! bottom c\rse ( a log cab91 we place logs l c$>1 *e/nut1 or :ite oak because we "k t !y d n rot quickly 9 contact ) ! gr\nd4 ,we always try to get /raight logs because we "k t x is all b impossible to build a log h\se ( twi/$ or crook$ ones4 ,x is a v common cu/om = beg9n]s to make camp furniture1 po/s1 & f5ces ( :ite bir*4 ,?is is due to ! fact t ! wood is easily work$ & gives u v pretty effects4 ,bir* h[ev] is n at all durable & if we expect to use our camp = m ?an "o season we mu/ expect to replace ! bir* e ye> or two4 ,ru/ic furniture made ( c$> w la/ = ye>s & is f> sup]ior to bir*4 ,gett+ lo/ 9 ! woods may be a v s]i\s ?+4 ,if y are a city boy us$ to signbo>ds1 /reet corn]s1 & famili> build+s y may laugh at ! c\ntry boy :o is afraid to g to a big city because he may get lo/1 b he kn[s :at be+ lo/ means at home & he fails to realize :5 he is 9 a city h[ easy x is to ask ! ne>e/ policeman or pass]-by ! way home4 ,mo/ city boys w be lo/ 9 ! woods )9 five m9utes aft] !y leave _! camp or t5t4 ,if y h no confid5ce 9 y\rself & if y are 9 a wild]ness l ! ,nor? woods1 d n v5ture v f> f home alone until y are m exp]t4 ,x is difficult to say :5 we are really lo/ 9 ! woods4 ,z long z we ?9k we "k ! way home we are n lo/ ev5 if we may be absolutely wrong 9 our op9ion ( ! prop] direction4 ,9 su* a case we may soon f9d our mi/ake & get on ! "r track aga94 ,:5 we are really lo/ is :5 sudd5ly a haunt+ fe> comes ov] u t we d n "k ! way home4 ,!n we lose our heads z well z our way & (t5 become l crazy p4 ,a s5se ( direction is a gift or in/9ct4 ,x is ! ?+ t enables a c>ri] pigeon t has be5 tak51 %ut up 9 a basket say f ,new ,york to ,*icago1 to make a few circles 9 ! air :5 lib]at$ & />t out = home1 & by ?is s5se to fly a ?\s& miles )\t a s+le famili> l&m>k to guide him & f9ally l& at 8 home l(t tir$ & hungry4 ,no human be+ ev] _h ?is p[] to ! same ext5t z a pigeon1 b "s p seem to keep a s5se ( direction & a k ( ! po9ts ( compass 9 a /range place )\t really mak+ an ef=t to d x4 ,"o ?+ is sure4 ,if we are travell+ 9 a /range c\ntry we mu/ always keep our eyes & e>s op5 if we expect to f9d our way alone4 ,we mu/ nev] tru/ too implicitly 9 any 8s5se ( direction40 ,=e/ travell]s are always on ! look\t = peculi> l&m>ks t !y w recognize if !y see !m aga94 ,oddly %ap$ trees1 rocks1 or /umps1 ! direction ( wat]c\rses & trails1 ! position ( ! sun1 all ^! ?+s w help u to f9d our way out ( ! woods :5 a less obs]v+ travell] :o simply tries to rememb] ! direction he has travell$ may become t]rifi$4 ,rules :i* tell p :at to d :5 !y are lo/ are r>ely ( mu* use1 because ! act ( los+ our way br+s ) x su* a confusion ( m9d t x w\ld be l pr9t+ directions = t]ror /rick5 p :o are dr[n+4 ,suppose1 = example1 a boy goes camp+ = a week or two 9 ! ,adirondacks or ,ma9e woods4 ,if he expects to g ab\t alone1 8 fir/ /ep %\ld be to become famili> ) ! g5]al lay ( ! l&1 ! direction ( cities1 t[ns1 settlem5ts1 m\nta9 ranges1 lakes1 & riv]s 9 ! section :]e he is go+1 & especially ) ! location ( o!r camps1 railroads1 lumb] camps1 & s on 9 8 imm$iate neighb\rhood1 say )9 a five-mile radius4 ,x is an excell5t plan to take along a sectional map :i* c usually be b\ght ( ! /ate geologi/4 ,"o c by ask+ que/ions also le>n _m ?+s f ! natives4 ,su* a boy may />t out f 8 camp1 :i* is on ! %ore ( a lake1 = example1 on an aft]noon's fi%+ or hunt+ trip4 ,if he is c>eful he w always consult 8 compass to keep 9 m9d ! g5]al direction 9 :i* he travels4 ,he w also tell 8 fri5ds at camp :]e he expects to g4 ,if he has no compass1 he at lea/ kn[s t ! sun rises 9 ! ea/ & sets 9 ! we/ & he c easily rememb] :e!r he has travell$ t[>d ! sett+ sun or away f x4 ,rules = tell+ ! po9ts ( compass by ! ?ickness ( ! b>k or moss on trees are well en\gh = /ory books4 ,!y are n ( mu* value to a man lo/ 9 ! woods4 ,sudd5ly1 say at f\r o'clock1 ?is boy decides to 8turn ar\nd0 & g back to camp4 ,& !n ! awful feel+ comes to him t he doesn't "k :i* way to turn4 ,! woods take on a /range & unfamili> look4 ,he is lo/4 ,! h>d] he tries to decide :i* way ! camp lies1 ! worse 8 confusion becomes4 ,if he w\ld only collect 8 ?\ghts & l ! ,indian say 8,ugh6 ,indian n lo/1 ,indian "h4 ,wigwam lo/10 he probably w\ld soon get 8 be>+s4 ,x is "o ?+ to lose y\r way & ano!r to lose y\r head4 ,:5 y are lo/1 y are confus$1 & ! only rule to rememb] is to sit d[n on ! ne>e/ rock or /ump & wait until y get ov] be+ 8rattl$40 ,!n ask y\rself1 8,h[ f> h ,i gone s9ce ,i 0 n sure ( my way80 & also1 8,h[ f> am ,i f camp80 ,if y h be5 out ?ree h\rs & h walk$ pretty /eadily1 y may h gone five miles4 ,unless y h travell$ 9 a /raight l9e & at a rapid pace1 ! *ances are t y are n m ?an half t di/ance4 ,b ev5 two or ?ree miles 9 /range woods is a long di/ance4 ,y may at lea/ be sure t y mu/ n expect to f9d camp by ru%+ ab\t "h & !re = t5 m9utes4 ,we h all he>d h[ lo/ p w travel 9 circles & keep pass+ ! same place "t aft] "t )\t kn[+ x4 ,?is is true & _m explanations h be5 attempt$4 ,"o man says t we naturally take long] /eps ) our "r leg because x is ! /rong]2 ano!r ?9ks t our he>t has some?+ to d ) x1 & s on4 ,:y we d ?is no "o really kn[s1 b x seems to be a fact4 ,!re=e1 be=e a lo/ p]son />ts to hunt = camp1 he %\ld blaze a tree t he c see f any direction4 ,blaz+ simply means cutt+ ! b>k & /ripp+ x on all f\r sides4 ,if y h no hat*et a knife w d1 b be sure to make a blaze t w %[ at "s di/ance1 n only = y\r own b5efit b to guide a se>*+ p>ty t may come out to look = y4 ,y c m>k an arr[ to po9t ! direction t y are go+1 or if y h p5cil & note-book ev5 leave a note = y\r fri5ds tell+ !m y\r pr$icam5t4 ,?is may all seem unnecess>y at ! "t b if y are really lo/1 no?+ is unnecess>y t w help y to f9d y\rself4 ,z y g along give an occasional :ack at a tree ) y\r hat*et to m>k ! b>k or b5d ov] ! twigs & und]bru% 9 ! direction ( y\r c\rse4 ,! ?ick] ! und]gr[? ! m blaze m>ks y mu/ make4 ,ha/e is n s important z caution4 ,y may g a numb] ( miles & at ! end be deep] 9 ! woods ?an ev]1 b y\r fri5ds :o are look+ = y1 if !y c run across "o ( y\r blazes1 w soon f9d y4 ,:5 y are c]ta9 t y w n be able to f9d y\r way out be=e d>k1 !re is n mu* use ( go+ any f>!r4 ,! ?+ to d !n is to /op & prep>e = pass+ ! night 9 ! woods :ile x is /ill daylight4 ,g up on ! highe/ po9t ( gr\nd1 build a leanto & make y\r camp fire4 ,if y h no mat*es1 y c sometimes />t a fire by /rik+ y\r knife blade ) a piece ( fl9t or qu>tz1 a h>d :ite /one t is common ne>ly ev]y:]e4 ,! sp>ks %\ld fall 9 "s dry t9d] or punk & ! little fire coax$ along until y get a blaze4 ,!re are _m k9ds ( t9d] us$ 9 ! woods1 dri$ puff balls1 8dotey0 or rott5 wood t is n damp1 *>r$ cotton clo?1 dry moss1 & s on4 ,9 ! pit* p9e c\ntry1 ! be/ k9dl+s aft] we h caught a t9y blaze are spl9t]s tak5 f ! he>t ( a decay$ p9e log4 ,!y are full ( res9 & w burn l fireworks4 ,! ,s\!rn]s call x 8light-wood40 ,dry bir* b>k also makes excell5t k9dl+s4 ,a univ]sal signal ( di/ress 9 ! woods t is almo/ l ! flag upside d[n on %ipbo>d is to build two smoky fires a hundr$ y>ds or m ap>t4 ,"o fire means a camp1 two fires means tr\ble4 ,ano!r signal is two gun%ots fir$ quickly1 a pause to c\nt t5 & !n a ?ird4 ,always li/5 aft] y h giv5 ?is signal to see if x is answ]$4 ,give y\r fri5ds "t en\gh to get ! gun load$ at camp4 ,always h a signal code arrang$ & und]/ood by y\r p>ty be=e y attempt to g x alone4 ,y may nev] ne$ x b if y d y w ne$ x badly4 ,sometimes we c get our be>+s by climb+ a tree4 ,ano!r aid to det]m9e our direction is ?is3 ,usually all ! brooks & wat] c\rses ne> a l>ge lake or riv] fl[ into x4 ,if y are sure t y hav5't cross$ a ridge or divide1 ! sure/ way back home if camp is on a lake is to foll[ d[n ! fir/ brook or spr+ y come across4 ,x w probably br+ y up at ! lake1 soon] or lat]4 ,on a cle> night y c tell ! po9ts ( compass f ! />s4 ,:e!r a boy or girl is a camp] or n1 !y surely ought to "k h[ to d ?is4 ,h "s "o po9t out to y ! con/ellation call$ ! 8dipp]40 ,x is v conspicu\s & :5 y h once le>n$ to "k x y w always recognize x z an old fri5d4 ,! value ( ! dipp] is ?is3 ,! two />s t =m ! l[] corn]s ( its imag9>y b[l are sometimes call$ ! 8nor? /> po9t]s40 ,! nor? /> or ,pol>is1 because ( its position ) ref]5ce to ! e>?1 nev] seems to move4 ,if y draw an imag9>y l9e ?r\gh ! two po9t]s up into ! heav5s1 ! fir/ bright /> y come to1 :i* is j a little to ! "r ( ?is l9e1 is ! nor? />4 ,x is n v bright or conspicu\s l ,v5us or ,m>s b x has po9t$ ! nor? to sailors ov] ! un*>t$ seas = hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,by all means make ! acqua9tance ( ,pol>is4 ,,vi ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,fire-,,arms ,importance ( e>ly tra9+--,:y a gun is bett] ?an a rifle--,h[ to become a good %ot ,:e!r a boy ( fifte5 %\ld h a gun or a rifle is a "q t p>5ts w h to settle = !mselves4 ,!re is no "q b t a c>eful boy :o has be5 taught by "s old] p]son h[ to h&le a gun is m to be tru/$ ?an a man :o has nev] le>n$ ! prop] use ( fire>ms & :o takes up ! sport ( hunt+ aft] he is gr[n up4 ,mo/ ( ! %oot+ accid5ts are caus$ by inexp]i5c$ m5 :o h nev] be5 accu/om$ to guns 9 _! y\ng] days4 ,once or twice ,i h j miss$ be+ %ot by fri5ds :o _h nev] be5 hunt+ be=e1 & :o became s excit$ :5 !y unexpect$ly kick$ up a rabbit or walk$ into a flock ( quail t !y fir$ ! gun )\t kn[+ :e!r any ( _! fri5ds 7 9 range or n4 ,:5 a boy is all[$ to h a gun x %\ld be a real "o4 ,air rifles & small calibre guns are all ! m dang]\s1 because !y are (t5 look$ ^u z toys4 ,9 h&l+ a gun1 always treat x z ?\gh x 7 load$1 no matt] if y "k x is empty4 ,by ?is means x w soon become second nature to y nev] to po9t ! gun at any "o ev5 c>elessly or 9 fun4 ,a guide once said to me1 8,a gun is a dang]\s critt] )\t lock1 /ock1 or b>rel1 & if a fell] ev] po9ts "o at me ,i ?9k he means bus9ess40 ,illu/ration3 ,a d\ble b>rell$ hamm]less %ot-gun ,a gun c nev] be tru/$4 ,accid5ts happ5 s quickly t x is ov] be=e we "k x & ! t]rible damage is done4 ,sometimes ! trigg] w cat* on a coat button or a twig1 &1 bang6 an unexpect$ dis*>ge takes place & if y 7 c>eless j = an in/ant1 x may co/ "s "o 8 life4 ,especial c>e mu/ be tak5 9 load+ & unload+ a gun4 ,x is at ?is "t t a gun is mo/ likely to g (f unexpect$ly4 ,! be/ way to le>n h[ to h&le a gun is to wat* ! me?ods ( an old h&4 ,nev] fire a gun :5 y are /&+ beh9d ano!r p]son4 ,y may "k t y are n aim+ at him1 b ! concussion ( ! air ne> ! end ( ! b>rel is t]rific1 & y\r fri5d may h a split e> drum z a result4 ,a %ot-gun is bett] = a boy ?an a rifle1 = ! reason t mo/ real %oot+ except = big game is done ) a %ot-gun1 & besides1 x takes a lot ( practice to %oot well ) x4 ,a %ot-gun is n a weapon = play b a real tool4 ,9 almo/ e section ( ! c\ntry !re is "s small game to be hunt$ & !re is usually also an opportunity to practise at clay pigeons4 ,no "o w\ld ?9k ( hunt+ quail1 ducks1 or rabbits ) a rifle1 & ev5 if y 7 an excell5t rifle %ot at a /ill m>k y might n be able to hit mov+ game at all4 ,a %ot-gun is less dang]\s = ! reason t its range is limit$ to a little ov] a hundr$ y>ds1 :ile a rifle may c>ry a mile4 ,a *eap %ot-gun is f> m dang]\s ?an a *eap rifle4 ,until x is possible to buy a good "o x is bett] to h none at all4 ,a good ,am]ican-made gun c be b\ght = ab\t tw5ty-five doll>s4 ,a gun suitable = its own] %\ld fit j z 8 clo?+ fits him4 ,:5 a gun is quickly br\ght to ! %\ld] 9 fir+ position1 !re is no "t 9 actual hunt+ to %ift x ar\nd4 ,:5 y buy a gun1 rememb] t y\r canvas or corduroy hunt+ coat makes m ( a bulge at ! %\ld] ?an an ord9>y suit & accord+ly see t ! /ock is ! prop] l5g?4 ,! 8drop0 ( a gun is ! numb] ( in*es t ! /ock falls bel[ ! l9e ( ! b>rel4 ,if ! /ock is b5t too mu* y w %oot "u y\r game4 ,if x is too /raight ! t5d5cy w be to %oot ov] game4 ,! av]age /ock is made to fit mo/ p & w probably answ] mo/ purposes unless y c af=d to h a /ock made especially4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ is to d all y\r practis+ ) y\r own gun until x becomes second nature to br+ x up quickly & h ! eye f9d ! b>rel in/antly4 ,a %ot-gun is n aim$ 9 ! same way z a rifle4 ,! me?od ( good %ots is r to keep _! eye on ! game & :5 !y 8feel0 t ! gun is po9t$ "r to fire4 ,a skilful %ot c tell :e!r he is %oot+ too high or too l[ j z he pulls ! trigg]4 ,! bra91 head1 & eyes & trigg]-f+] mu/ all "w 9 h>mony or y w nev] be a good %ot4 ,nev] fl9* z y %oot4 ,?is is a v common fault ( beg9n]s & x is fatal to becom+ a m>ksman4 ,! fir/ lesson 9 h&l+ a gun is to und]/& p]fectly h[ x works4 ,if x is a hamm]less gun1 rememb] t x is always cock$4 ,:5 y op5 ! b>rels y cock ! gun automatically4 ,= ?is reason !re is "s k9d ( a safety device provid$1 :i* %\ld always be left at 8safe0 except at ! actual in/ant ( fir+4 ,x is j z easy to le>n to pu% ! safety (f :5 y fire z x is to le>n to pull ! trigg]1 if "o />ts "r4 ,nev] c>ry y\r gun ) y\r f+] on ! trigg]4 ,wait until y put ! gun up z y are ready to %oot4 ,don't =get ! safety4 ,a great _m %ots are miss$ because ! hunt] =gets :e!r he has left x on or (f & 9 8 anxiety to hit ! game w tug & pull on ! trigg] until1 j z ! game disappe>s out ( range1 he w rememb] t he did n release x4 ,?is %[s ! importance ( acquir+ ! prop] habit at fir/4 ,x is h>d] to correct bad habits 9 h&l+ a gun ?an to tea* ! beg9n] ! prop] way at fir/4 ,on y\r fir/ lesson 9 ! field1 walk on ! left side ( y\r tea*] s t y\r gun w be po9t+ away f him4 ,if y come across any game1 try to take y\r "t be=e y fire4 ,ne>ly e "o %oots too quickly4 ,z mo/ %ot-gun %oot+ is :at is call$ snap %oot+1 !re isn't mu* "t at be/1 b a good %ot w be sure t he has cov]$ 8 game be=e he fires1 :ile a beg9n] w tru/ to luck4 ,?is w be ! h>de/ fault to correct4 ,consequ5tly a beg9n] %\ld if possible hunt alone = a :ile1 z ! pres5ce ( ano!r gun alongside ( him makes him too anxi\s to get 9 ! fir/ %ot1 & gets him into bad habits4 ,if y\r tea*] also has a gun1 he mu/ assure y t he does n int5d to %oot & !n y w try h>d] to get ! game & run less *ance ( miss+4 ,always unload a gun be=e go+ into a h\se1 "u or ov] a f5ce1 or 9 or out ( a boat or c>riage4 ,if y leave y\r gun1 ev5 = a m9ute1 unload x4 ,nev] re/ a load$ gun aga9/ a tree or build+4 ,nev] pull a gun load$ or empty t[>d y by ! muzzle4 ,9 unload+ always po9t x t[>d ! gr\nd4 ,a j> w sometimes dis*>ge a gun & v (t5 a dis*>ge w take place :5 clos+ ! bree* on a tight %ell4 ,always be ready = game4 ,9 hunt+1 we nev] c tell at :at in/ant x w rise up 9 front ( u4 8,be ready0 does n mean hav+ ! muscles & n]ves con/antly on a t5sion4 ,x is simply to c>ry y\r gun 9 su* a position t y c quickly br+ x to ! %\ld] at any "t4 ,x is a good plan to practise aim+ at v>i\s objects z y g along until y gradually ov]come y\r awkw>dness4 ,x is difficult to say :at makes a good %ot ) a gun4 ,!re is no "q b t practice w make any "o a bett] %ot ?an he w\ld be )\t x1 b "s p are bett] %ots ) v little practice ?an o!rs ) a great deal4 ,"o v important ?+ is to d y\r practis+ "u conditions simil> to ! actual hunt+4 ,if ! cov] is ?ick :]e y hunt1 a swamp or bru% lot = example1 y w n d]ive mu* b5efit f practis+ entirely 9 ! op54 ,a pigeon trap is an inexp5sive way to le>n to %oot4 ,"s exp]i5c$ hunt]s w say t practice at clay pigeons does n help 9 ! field1 b at ! same "t a good bru% %ot is almo/ always a good trap %ot & if y c become skilful en\gh to break an av]age ( eighte5 to tw5ty clay pigeons out ( tw5ty-five at sixte5 y>ds rise1 y may be sure t y w get y\r %>e ( game "u actual hunt+ conditions4 ,! mo/ difficult "p ( bird hunt+ is to le>n to give ! game a />t4 ,! av]age %ot-gun w kill quail at sixty y>ds & duck at =ty4 ,! f>!r ! game is away f u1 provid$ x is )9 range1 ! m ! %ot w spread4 ,i once saw a half-doz5 hunt]s fire at a covey ( quail t rose 9 an op5 field be=e !y _h gone ?irty y>ds & e hunt] scor$ a clean miss4 ,any "o ( ^! m5 c\ld br+ d[n 8 bird "u ! same conditions n9e times out ( t5 if he _h tak5 8 "t4 ,on ?is occasion :5 _! guns 7 empty ano!r hunt] :o _h )held 8 fire said1 8,are y all done1 boys80 & %ot a bird ) ea* b>rel at a measur$ fifty-eight y>ds4 ,to kill a bird t ano!r man has %ot at is call$ 8wip+ 8 eye10 & x is ! *ief joy ( an old hunt] to d ?is ) a beg9n]4 ,if y d n want to let ! old hunt] wipe y\r eye1 take y\r "t4 ,le>n to %oot ) y\r head well up & ) bo? eyes op54 ,:5 ! game rises1 keep y\r eye on x & at ! in/ant t y see x on ! end ( y\r gun b>rel1 fire4 ,! greate/ joy ( hunt+ is to see ! game appe> to tumble (f ! end ( y\r gun b>rel :5 x is hit4 ,if !re is a d\bt z to ^: bird x is1 & ?is happ5s con/antly z two p (t5 %oot at ! same "t at ! same bird1 d n ru% 9 & claim x4 ,rememb] y are a g5tleman1 b if y are sure t y hit x1 at lea/ /& = y\r rights4 ,s mu* ( ! pleasure ( hunt+ dep5ds on our companions t we mu/ be consid]ate ( ! feel+s ( o!rs z well z our own4 ,always hunt if possible ) exp]i5c$ hunt]s4 ,y w n only h m fun1 b y w run mu* less risk4 ,9 rabbit hunt+1 "o is especially at ! m]cy ( ! beg9n] :o fires wildly )\t any ?\ght z to ^: life he may be endang]+1 s long z he gets ! rabbit4 ,if y hunt ) "s "o :o owns ! dogs1 be v c>eful n to int]f]e ) !m by giv+ comm&s4 ,z a rule ! own] ( a well-tra9$ dog pref]s to h&le him )\t any help1 &1 :ile he may n tell y1 y may be sure t he w res5t x if y try to make ! dog d y\r bidd+ :5 8 ma/] is ar\nd4 ,! patt]n ( a gun1 z x is call$1 is ! numb] ( %ot x w put )9 a circle at a giv5 di/ance4 ,z a rule ! factory te/ patt]n w be f\nd on a tag atta*$ to ! gun4 ,if n1 y c easily get ! patt]n y\rself4 ,! usual di/ance = t>get+ a new gun is ?irty y>ds1 & ! /&>d circle is ?irty in*es4 ,make a circle on ! b>n door ) a piece ( *alk & /r+ fifte5 in*es long4 ,fir/ drive a nail into ! wood & fa/5 ! /r+ to x ) ! *alk on ! loose end4 ,!n describe & measure n9ety feet f ! t>get4 ,fire z ne>ly z y c at ! c5tre ( ! circle & c\nt ! %ot t are inside ! *alk m>k4 ,9 ord] n to c\nt ! same %ot twice m>k !m (f ) a p5cil4 ,p]haps a sur] way w\ld be to fire at ! door fir/ & 9 ! c5tre ( ! load ( %ot drive ! nail & describe a circle aft]w>d4 ,! *ief advantage ( /udy+ ! patt]n ( y\r gun is to "k j h[ mu* x scatt]s & h[ f> x may be dep5d$ ^u to %oot & kill4 ,9 a *oke-bore gun1 ! end ( ! b>rel is drawn 9 slightly & made small] to keep ! %ot toge!r4 ,guns t are us$ 9 duck & goose hunt+ are usually full *ok$ z mo/ ( ! %ots are long ones1 b = ord9>y bru% & field %oot+ a gun t has a full cyl9d] "r b>rel & a modifi$ *oke on ! left w be ! be/ = g5]al purposes4 ,! be/ size is #ab-;bore or gauge4 ,t5 gauge guns are entirely too heavy = g5]al use & ! small] bores1 su* z sixte5 or ev5 tw5ty gauge1 :ile !y are v light & da9ty1 are n a typical all ar\nd gun = a boy :o c only af=d to h "o size4 ,! small] bores1 h[ev]1 h become v popul> 9 rec5t ye>s & mu* may be said 9 _! fav\r4 ,! /&>d l5g? ( b>rels is ei!r tw5ty-eight or ?irty in*es4 ,! %ort] l5g? w probably be j z satisfactory & makes a mu* bett] proportion betwe5 ! /ock & b>rels4 ,y c easily te/ ! am\nt ( *oke 9 a #ab-;gauge gun4 ,a new t5-c5t piece w j g inside ! end ( ! b>rel ( a full cyl9d] gun & j fail to g into "o t has be5 slightly *ok$4 ,:ile x is impossible to give any writt5 directions = %oot+ t are z valuable z actual practice1 ! important ?+ = a beg9n] is to get 8 =m "r at fir/1 j z 9 golf or horseback rid+1 & !n to make up 8 m9d t e %ot has got to c\nt4 ,rifle %oot+ is entirely diff]5t f %ot-gun %oot+ & skill 9 "o bran* ( ! sport ( m>ksman%ip does n mean mu* 9 ! o!r4 ,a boy may be an excell5t rifle %ot at a /ation>y t>get & /ill n be able to hit 8a flock ( b>ns10 z ! c\ntry boys say1 ) a %ot-gun4 ,skill ) a rifle is *iefly ( value to ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 milit>y affairs & m r>ely to ^? :o are =tunate en\gh to h an opportunity = hunt+ big game4 ,9 settl$ communities !re is a /rong feel+ aga9/ all[+ boys to h rifles4 ,practically ! only game t c be hunt$ w be our little fri5ds1 ! song birds1 & no self-respect+ boy w %oot !m4 ,a small calibre rifle su* z a #bb-;calibre ,flob]t w af=d consid]able pa/ime at t>get practice & is also excell5t to hunt snakes & frogs along "s brook or creek1 b g5]ally a boy ) a rifle is a public nuisance1 & z a rule is liable to arre/ 9 possess+ x4 ,if we fix up a rifle range :]e !re are no dang]s ( damage f sp5t bullets or badly aim$ %ots x is well en\gh to practise ) a small rifle4 ,a real sport+ rifle1 su* z is us$ = big game1 is a v dang]\s fire-arm & _c be us$ ) safety any:]e b 9 an absolute wild]ness or on a t>get range4 ,su* guns w kill at a mile & g ?r\gh a tree a foot or two 9 diamet]2 to use su* a weapon 9 ev5 a sp>sely settl$ section is v dang]\s inde$4 ,if a boy has any *ance ( go+ hunt+ = de] or moose1 he w surely ne$ practice & = ?is purpose a range w h to be select$ :]e !re is absolutely no dang] to any "o )9 a mile or two4 ,a good practice range is across a lake or riv] ) a bank ( e>? or clay to /op ! bullets4 ,big game hunt+ is done s frequ5tly f canoes t x is well to get practice f a boat1 bo? mov+ & /ation>y4 ,to %oot successfully f a sitt+ position 9 a canoe is a v difficult feat4 ,j z ) a %ot-gun ! univ]sal t5d5cy is to %oot too quickly1 ) a rifle x is to %oot too high4 ,! reason is t we hold our head s high up 9 look+ at our game t we fail to see ! re> sight at all4 ,be sure y\r head is l[ en\gh to see bo? sights4 ,illu/ration3 ,! mod]n sport+ rifle t w kill at a mile4 ,an unsafe weapon = boys ,always hold y\r brea? :ile y are tak+ aim4 ,le>n to %oot f all sorts ( positions1 ly+1 sitt+1 kneel+1 & /&+4 ,if ! %ot is a long "o1 be sure t y\r re> sight is prop]ly elevat$ = ! di/ance4 ,mo/ ( ! %ots at big game are /ation>y %ots & )9 a hundr$ y>ds2 consequ5tly accuracy c\nts = m ?an quickness4 ,) a magaz9e or repeat+ rifle be sure t y h empti$ y\r magaz9e be=e y leave ! gun4 ,) a %ot-gun !re is a possibility t ! 8p]son :o didn't "k x 0 load$0 may n kill 8 victim outright4 ,) a sport+ rifle x is practically sure dea?4 ,! g5]al rules ( c>e apply to bo? rifles & %ot-guns4 ,always clean ! gun aft] y h tak5 x into ! field4 ,?is is necess>y :e!r y h fir$ ! gun or n1 z a gun b>rel w always collect a c]ta9 am\nt ( dampness4 ,x is an excell5t practice to keep a gun cov]$ ) oil or vasel9e except :5 x is 9 use4 ,x n only prev5ts ru/1 b ! grease also disc\rages visitors & fri5ds f h&l+ ! gun1 snapp+ ! trigg]1 or o!rwise damag+ x4 ,9 ?is *apt]1 ,i h n said any?+ ab\t revolv]s or pi/ols1 because ,i d n believe t any s5sible boy w c>e to own "o4 ,a revolv] is a con/ant s\rce ( dang] ow+ to its %ort b>rel1 & z x has no practical value except z a weapon ( def5ce1 & z !re is a sev]e p5alty = c>ry+ a conceal$ weapon1 ,i %\ld n c>e to recomm5d any boy to own a revolv]4 ,! f9al "q :e!r we may h a gun & :at k9d x %\ld be1 w dep5d v l>gely on ! place we live4 ,any k9d ( a gun is v mu* out ( place 9 cities or t[ns4 ,! boy :o does n really h an opportunity to use a gun %\ld be too s5sible to ask = "o1 = surely if we own x we %all con/antly want to use x ev5 at "s risk4 ,x w be f> bett] to ask = some?+ we c use & leave ! gun "q until ! "t :5 we h a real opportunity4 ,f9ally we mu/ rememb] t ! "o :o has ! gun 9 8 possession is r>ely ! "o t is accid5tally %ot4 ,we %\ld !re=e avoid companions :o d own guns & :o are c>eless ) !m4 ,no am\nt ( c>e on our "p w prev5t "s c>eless boy fri5d f risk+ our lives4 ,! saf] way is to /ay home4 ,,vii ,,fi%+ ,prop] tackle = all purposes--,h[ to cat* bait--,! fly fi%]man--,g5]al fi%+ rules ,fi%+ is "o sport ( boyhood t we nev] outgr[ our love =4 ,"s ( ! mo/ en?usia/ic fi%]m5 are gray-hair$ m54 ,we (t5 he> ab\t ! boy ) ! b5t p9 & ! piece ( ?read :o cat*es m fi% ?an ! exp]t fi%]man ) mod]n1 up-to-date tackle1 b ,i d\bt if x is s4 ,z a rule ! bett] our tackle ! m fi% we %all cat*4 ,if ! c\ntry boy cat*es ! mo/ fi%1 x is simply because he is bett] acqua9t$ ) ! places :]e ! fi% hide or fe$4 ,he kn[s _! habits bett] & ! be/ k9d ( bait to use4 ,a lov] ( fi%+ %\ld take a p]sonal int]e/ 9 8 equipm5t & %\ld desire to h ! be/ he c af=d4 ,! *ief requirem5t ( a successful fi%]man is pati5ce4 ,next to t is a k ( ! wat]s fi%$ 9 & ! habits ( ! fi% & h[ to attract !m4 ,a man or a boy :o w sit all day 9 ! hot sun wait+ = a bite is n always a good fi%]man4 ,he mu/ use common s5se z well z pati5ce4 ,a game fi% may be def9$ z "o t w make a good fight = its life & t is caught by sci5tific me?ods ( angl+4 ,almo/ any fi% w /ruggle to escape ! hook1 b g5]ally by game fi% we und]/& t 9 fre% wat] ! salmon1 bass1 or tr\t family is ref]r$ to4 ,pick]el & pike are also game fi%1 b 9 "s sections !y are consid]$ undesirable because !y r>ely rise to ! fly1 :i* is ! mo/ sci5tific me?od ( fi%+4 ,a fi%]man :o is a real sportsman always uses tackle z light z he c ) safety & /ill h a *ance ( l&+ ! fi%4 ,if ! angl] w take 8 "t he c1 ) skill1 tire out & l& fi% ( almo/ any size4 ,tunas & t>pon weigh+ ov] a hundr$ p\nds are caught ) a l9e t is b little ?ick] ?an a groc]'s tw9e1 & ev5 %>ks & jewfi% weigh+ ov] five hundr$ p\nds h be5 caught 9 ! same way4 ,sometimes ! fight w la/ all day1 & !n x is a "q :e!r ! fi%]man or ! fi% w be exhau/$ fir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fi%+ is ! ,"o ,sport ( ,our ,*ildhood ,t ,holds ,our ,int]e/ ,?r\gh ,life ,9 select+ our tackle1 we mu/ always keep 9 m9d ! k9d ( fi% we expect to cat*4 ,= g5]al1 fre%-wat] use1 except fly ca/+1 an eight-foot rod weigh+ sev5 or eight ounces w fill mo/ purposes4 ,a fly rod %\ld be a foot long] & at lea/ two ounces light]4 ,! be/ rods are made ( split bamboo1 b *eap rods ( ?is mat]ial are n wor? hav+4 ,! be/ *eap rods 7i4e41 co/+ five doll>s or less7 are ei!r lancewood or /eel4 ,see t y\r rod has 8/&+ guides0 & n movable r+s4 ,mo/ ( ! we> comes on ! tip1 !re=e x %\ld if possible be agate l9$4 ,a s(t metal tip w h a groove worn 9 x 9 a v %ort "t :i* w cut ! l9e4 ,! poore/ f]rules are nickel-plat$4 ,! be/ ones are ei!r ,g]man silv] or brass4 ,to c>e = a rod prop]ly1 we mu/ keep ! w9d+s v>ni%$ to prev5t !m f becom+ unw\nd4 ,sp> v>ni% is ! be/ = ?is purpose b %ellac w answ]4 ,9 tak+ a rod ap>t1 nev] twi/ x4 ,give a %>p pull1 & if x refuses to budge1 x c sometimes be loos5$ by slightly heat+ ! f]rule ) a c&le4 ,if a f]rule is kept clean inside1 & if ! rod is tak5 ap>t frequ5tly1 !re is no reason :y x %\ld /ick4 ,a multiply+ reel hold+ sixty y>ds is l>ge en\gh = mo/ fi%+4 ,! rais$ pill> reels are ! be/1 "o ( good quality co/+ ab\t f\r doll>s4 ,a *eap reel soon goes to pieces4 ,silk l9es are bett] ?an l95 because great] /r5g? is obta9$ ) ! same ?ickness4 ,always dry a l9e e "t x is us$1 or x w soon rot & be wor?less4 ,! back ( a *air is excell5t = ?is purpose4 ,nev] tie a knot 9 a l9e t y expect to use ) rod & reel4 ,! knot w always cat* 9 "o ( ! guides j at ! "t :5 y are l&+ y\r 8bigge/0 fi%4 ,illu/ration3 ,actual sizes ( hooks ,hooks come 9 a great v>iety ( %apes & models b !re are none bett] ?an ! /&>d 8,sproat40 ,x is ! g5]al fav\rite ( fi%]m5 ev]y:]e1 al?\gh ( c\rse ! o!r lead+ models1 ,c>lisle1 ,lim]ick1 ,p5nell1 ,ab]de51 ,sneck & a numb] ( o!rs all h _! fri5ds4 ,a great _m fi%]m5 make ! mi/ake ( us+ hooks t are too l>ge4 ,! hook sizes t are commonly us$ are numb]$ f #f_/j1 :i* is ! l>ge/1 to ,no4 #ab1 :i* is a t9y ?+ ab\t "r to cat* m9n[s4 ,:]e we expect to cat* fi% a p\nd or two 9 weight1 ! ,no4 #a size is ab\t "r4 ,su* a hook w cat* mu* l>g] fi% if !y happ5 to come along4 ,i h caught a twelve-p\nd lake tr\t on a ,no4 #d ,sproat hook & ! hook did n %[ t x _h b5t 9 ! lea/4 ,our tackle box %\ld conta9 an assortm5t ( sizes h[ev]4 ,snell$ hooks are bett] ?an r+$ hooks & ^? ( blu$ /eel bett] ?an black enamel4 ,no matt] h[ inexp5sive ! re/ ( ! equipm5t is1 be sure t y\r hooks are ( good quality4 ,keep ! po9ts %>p4 ,a t9y bit ( oil /one1 a file1 or a piece ( em]y clo? are all good = ?is purpose4 ,x takes a %>p po9t to p5etrate ! bony jaw ( a fi%4 ,always inspect y\r hook aft] y h caught x on a rock or snag4 ,fi%+ is g5]ally divid$ into f\r classes3 fly ca/+1 bait ca/+1 troll+1 & /ill fi%+4 ,! av]age boy is a /ill fi%]man1 :i* means n only t he mu/ keep /ill1 b t 8 bait rema9s 9 "o place in/ead ( be+ troll$ or ca/ ab\t4 ,! usual /r+s ( fi% t boys cat*1 su* z p]*1 sunfi%1 bullheads1 catfi%1 & :itefi%1 are call$ pan fi%4 ,?is is n entirely a correct "n z ,i h se5 "s catfi% t x w\ld take a pretty big pan to hold4 ,"o caught 9 ! ,mississippi ,riv] weigh$ ov] a hundr$ p\nds4 ,fly ca/+ is ! mo/ sci5tific me?od ( fi%+ & gives ! greate/ pleasure to ! fi%]man aft] he has once become an exp]t4 ,no matt] :at me?od we foll[ 9 fi%+1 we mu/ nev] try to cat* fi% by any me?od :i* ! laws may prohibit1 su* z spe>+1 set l9es1 or nets4 ,ea* /ate has its own laws :i* ! fi%]man mu/ le>n & obey4 ,worms are ! be/ all ar\nd bait = fi%+4 ,!y are z a rule easily obta9$ & may be kept = a long "t4 ,! boy's me?od ( plac+ !m 9 a t9 c ) a mixture ( mud w soon kill !m1 h[ev]1 especially if ! worms are expos$ to ! sun = a "t4 ,a half-buri$ soap box makes a v good place to keep a supply ( worms :i* w be ready = use at any "t )\t ! necessity ( digg+ !m4 ,worms may be f$ on ! :ite ( a h>d-boil$ egg1 b if giv5 pl5ty ( room !y w usually f9d en\gh food 9 ! soil4 ,by plac+ worms 9 s& !y w soon sc\r & turn p9k :5 !y are f> m attractive z bait4 ,! l>ge worms1 or 8night walk]s10 c be caught at night ) a lant]n4 ,^! l>ge worms are be/ obta9$ aft] a ra9 or on lawns t are spr9kl$ frequ5tly1 :5 !y w be f\nd mov+ ab\t on top ( ! gr\nd b always ) "o end 9 ! hole f :i* !y h em]g$ & into :i* !y c d>t if !y are di/urb$4 ,= big fi%1 ! be/ bait is m9n[s4 ,9 troll+ ) !m x w make b little diff]5ce :e!r dead or alive1 b = /ill fi%+ ! m9n[s mu/ n only be alive1 b1 to attract ! fi%1 lively z well4 ,! regulation m9n[ bucket consi/s ( "o pail fitt$ inside ( ano!r1 ! inn] "o be+ made ( wire me% to p]mit ! free circulation ( ! wat]4 ,?is enables u to *ange ! wat] frequ5tly )\t h&l+ ! fi%4 ,:5 we rea* a place :]e fre% wat] is obta9able1 we simply remove ! inn] pail1 p\r out ! /ale wat] f ! o!r pail1 & fill x z quickly z possible4 ,to keep bait alive 9 w>m wea!r we mu/ *ange ! wat] frequ5tly4 ,ano!r me?od :]e fre% wat] is n available1 z on a long drive1 is to a]ate x by p\r+ f "o pail to ano!r4 ,x is an excell5t plan to place a piece ( ice on top ( ! m9n[ pail4 ,) ?is arrangem5t1 x w n be necess>y to give !m fre% wat] = a long "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,an excell5t device = cat*+ m9n[s ,! simple/ way to cat* m9n[s is ) a drop net4 ,take an iron r+ or hoop su* z *ildr5 use & sew to x a bag ( cotton mosquito nett+1 half z deep z ! diamet] ( ! r+4 ,sew a weight 9 ! bottom ( ! net to make x s9k readily & fa/5 x to a pole4 ,:5 we rea* ! place :i* ! m9n[s frequ5t1 su* z ! cove ( a lake1 we mu/ proce$ v cauti\sly1 l[]+ ! net into ! wat] & !n bait+ x ) bits ( bread or meat1 a v little at a "t1 until we see a s*ool ( bait d>t+ "h & !re ov] ! net4 ,we mu/ !n give a quick lift )\t any hesitation & try to cat* z _m z possible f escap+ ov] ! sides4 ,! m9n[ bucket %\ld be close at h& to transf] !m to & c>e mu/ be us$ n to injure !m or all[ !m to scale !mselves 9 _! ef=ts to escape4 ,! common me?od ( captur+ m9n[s is to use a sweep net1 b x takes sev]al p to h&le "o prop]ly & = our own use ! drop net me?od w probably supply u ) all ! bait t we ne$4 ,fi% are v fickle 9 _! ta/es4 ,:at w be good bait "o day w absolutely fail ! next & sometimes ev5 9 an h\r ?is same ?+ w take place4 ,:y ?is is s no "o has be5 able to expla9 satisfactorily1 b t x is a fact no fi%]man w d5y4 ,we %\ld !re=e h z great a v>iety ( bait 9 our equipm5t z possible4 ,worms1 crawfi%1 m9n[s1 frogs1 gras%opp]s1 grubs & helgramites are all good at times 9 fre% wat]1 z well z v>i\s k9ds ( artificial baits1 spoons1 sp9n]s1 & rubb] lures4 ,illu/ration3 ,a troll+ spoon ,sometimes fi% w take v unusual baits4 ,black bass h be5 caught on "y bats4 ,! fam\s old tr\t 9 ! ,beav]kill ,riv] 9 ,new ,york ,/ate1 :i* _h refus$ all ! ord9>y baits & flies t 7 (f]$ him = ye>s & t on bright days c\ld be se5 9 a pool ly+ deep d[n 9 ! wat]1 f9ally fell a victim to a "y m\se t 0 ti$ to ! hook ) p9k silk4 ,fly fi%+ is ! mo/ exp]t & sci5tific me?od ( angl+4 ,x is ! poetry ( fi%+4 ,! fly fi%]man usually wades 9 ! brook or /ream :]e he is fi%+1 al?\gh x is sometimes possible to ca/ a fly f ! bank or a boat4 ,x is useless to g fly fi%+ :ile !re is sn[ wat] 9 ! brooks b j z soon z ! fir/ w>m days ( spr+ come1 !n fi%+ is at its be/4 ,! :ole idea ( ca/+ a fly is to drop x 9 ! mo/ likely-look+ places & to /rike ! fi% j z soon z he seizes ! hook4 ,to d ?is we mu/ always h ! l9e "u p]fect control1 !re=e d n attempt to ca/ a l9e too great a di/ance4 ,if we d n fix ! hook into ! fi%'s m\? at ! in/ant t he seizes ! fly1 he w v soon f9d t :at he ?\ght 0 a nice fat bug or juicy cat]pill> is no?+ b a bit ( wool & "s fea!rs ) a /+ 9 its tail1 & he w spit x out be=e we c recov] our slack l9e4 ,x is a common mi/ake to use flies t are too l>ge4 ,ord9>y tr\t flies are ! prop] size = bass & ! smalle/ size tr\t flies are pl5ty l>ge en\gh = tr\t4 ,!re are hundr$s ( k9ds ( flies ( v>i\s comb9ations ( col\rs & no "o c say :i* is ! be/4 ,?is "q has be5 argu$ by fi%]m5 ev] s9ce ! days ( ,izaak ,walton4 ,! univ]sal rule ( tr\t & bass fi%]m5 :o use a fly is to select small d>k flies = bright days or :5 ! wat] is v cle> or l[ & ! m brightly col\r$ ones :5 ! day is d>k or ! wat] d>k or turbid4 ,! fly book %\ld conta9 a v>i$ assortm5t to meet ^! conditions4 ,! be/ l9es = fly fi%+ are made ( braid$ enamell$ silk4 ,"s fly l9es are tap]$ b ?is is n necess>y & is a ne$less exp5se4 ,twi/$ l9es are mu* *eap] b v unsatisfactory4 ,fly fi%+ is n only ! mo/ sci5tific & sportsmanlike me?od ( fi%+ b x is also ! mo/ difficult to acquire skill 94 ,x is ( c\rse possible to cat* tr\t & salmon on o!r bait ?an flies4 ,9 fact1 !re is really no bett] bait = brook tr\t ?an common fi% worms t h be5 sc\r$ 9 s&4 ,! use ( a fly1 h[ev]1 is m satisfactory :]e ! pleasure d]iv$ 9 fi%+ is m important ?an ! size ( ! /r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,an artificial fly2 us$ = salmon ,9 le>n+ to ca/ a fly1 y c practise at home1 ei!r 9 an op5 space or :]ev] !re is room to "w ! l9e4 ,x is n necess>y to practise ) ! actual hooks or flies on ! l9e4 ,simply tie a knot 9 x4 ,hold ! rod lightly b firmly 9 ! "r h&4 ,po9t y\r ?umb along ! l9e ( ! rod & />t by pull+ out a little l9e f ! reel ) ! left h&4 ,) a /eady sweep1 ca/ ! end ( ! l9e t[>d "s ne>by object & ) ea* ca/ pull out a little m l9e until y rea* a po9t :5 y are h&l+ all ! l9e y c take c>e ( )\t ef=t or )\t too mu* ( a sweep on ! back ca/4 ,y mu/ n all[ ! l9e to become entangl$ 9 trees or o!r ob/acles4 ,! wri/ does mo/ ( ! "w 9 ca/+4 ,! elb[ %\ld be close to ! side4 ,if y f9d t ! l9e snaps l a :ip on ! back ca/1 x is because y />t ! =w>d ca/ be=e ! l9e /raight5s out beh9d4 ,:5 y c h&le tw5ty-five or ?irty feet accurately1 y c safely get ready to g fi%+4 ,! mo/ successful fly fi%]m5 use a %ort l9e1 b !y use x ) ! utmo/ accuracy & c make ! flies l& )9 a foot ( ! place !y are aim+ at almo/ e "t4 ,:5 a tr\t /rikes y\r fly1 y mu/ snub him quickly or he w surely get away4 ,if ! flies y are us+ d n cause ! fi% to rise1 & if y are c]ta9 t x is n due to y\r lack ( skill1 x w be well to *ange to "s o!r comb9ation ( col\rs2 b give y\r fir/ selection a fair trial4 ,bait ca/+ is mu* easi] ?an fly ca/+ z ! weight ( ! bait w help to c>ry out ! l9e4 ,x is ! common me?od ( fi%+ ) m9n[s1 frogs1 small spoons & sp9n]s1 & o!r artificial lures4 ,"s fi%]m5 practise ! me?od ( all[+ ! l9e to run f ! reel4 ,! pr9cipal po9t 9 ?is way ( fi%+ is to /op ! reel by us+ ! ?umb z a brake at ! in/ant t ! bait /rikes ! wat]4 ,?is prev5ts ! reel f sp9n+ & caus+ ! l9e to ov]run4 ,neglect ( ?is precaution w cause a v annoy+ tangle t is sometimes call a 8backla%0 b m (t5 *>act]iz$ by mu* h>%] names by ! impati5t fi%]man :o has ! mis=tune to exp]i5ce x4 ,9 live bait ca/+1 />t ) ! l9e reel$ to )9 fifte5 in*es ( ! end ( ! rod1 hold+ ! ?umb on ! reel spool4 ,) a r /rong ov]head sweep1 br+ ! rod =w>d4 ,at ! prop] in/ant1 :i* is j z ! po9t ( ! rod goes ov] y\r head1 release ! pressure ( y\r ?umb & ! bait w g =w>d z ! l9e runs out rapidly4 ,:5 ! bait l&s1 reel 9 sl[ly & ) v>i\s motions try to give to ! bait z life-l an appe>ance z possible4 ,if y h a /rike1 all[ ! fi% suffici5t "t to obta9 a secure hold ( ! bait & by a sudd5 j]k fix ! hook 9 8 m\?4 ,bait ca/+ is z a rule a v effective me?od ( cat*+ fi%1 especially 9 %all[ lakes & :]e fly fi%+ is n practis$4 ,9 deep wat]1 troll+ or /ill fi%+ are usually ! be/ me?ods ( cat*+ fi% & (t5 ! only me?ods t w be successful4 ,troll+ consi/s simply 9 r[+ or paddl+ sl[ly ) ! bait or spoon trail+ beh9d4 ,x is n a sci5tific way ( fi%+ & requires b little skill4 ,:5 ! fi% /rikes1 x usually hooks itself & all t rema9s is to reel x into ! boat & l& x4 ,! conditions on l>ge lakes (t5 make x necess>y to foll[ "o ( ^! me?ods ( troll+ or /ill fi%+1 especially dur+ ! w>m wea!r :5 ! big fi% h left ! spawn+ gr\nds & are 9 deep wat]4 ,!re are troll+ devices call$ sp9n]s t h sev]al gangs ( hooks1 sometimes z _m z fifte54 ,no real fi%]man w\ld use su* a murd]\s arrangem5t :i* gives ! fi% practically no *ance at all & 9 _m /ates _! use is prop]ly prohibit$ by law4 ,a s+le hook1 or at mo/ a s+le gang ( ?ree hooks1 is all t any "o %\ld ev] use4 ,illu/ration3 ,a rais$ pill> multiply+ reel ,e boy kn[s :at /ill fi%+ is4 ,x is ! common me?od ( bait+ our hook1 ca/+ x f ! %ore or f a boat & wait+ = a bite4 ,9 /ill fi%+ x is cu/om>y to use a light s9k] to keep ! bait ne> ! bottom & a float or 8cork0 :i* s]ves ! d\ble purpose ( keep+ ! bait away f snags1 /ones1 or we$s on ! bottom & also ( %[+ u :5 we h a bite4 ,! m exp]t /ill fi%]m5 nev] use a float1 z !y pref] to tell by ! pull on ! l9e :5 a fi% has tak5 ! bait4 ,a fi%+ boat %\ld be ?or\ghly seawor?y & also h pl5ty ( room4 ,flat-bottom boats make ! be/ type = fi%+1 provid$ t we d n h to r[ !m f> or if ! place :]e we use !m is n subject to sudd5 squalls or r\gh wat]4 ,! middle seat %\ld conta9 bo? a fi% well & a m9n[ box ) a divid+ p>tition & ) two h+$ lids fitt$ into ! seat4 ,su* a boat c be built by an ord9>y c>p5t] & %\ld n co/ ov] t5 or twelve doll>s4 ,x %\ld be pa9t$ e ye> to keep x 9 good condition4 ,use cle> :ite p9e or c$> = ! sides4 ,! bottom bo>ds %\ld n be fitt$ tightly toge!r b left ) cracks fully a half-in* wide to all[ = ! swell+ ( ! wood :5 ! boat is laun*$4 ,! be/ o>locks are fa/5$ to ! o>s & fit 9 ! sockets ) a long p94 ,?is arrangem5t p]mits "o to fi% alone1 & if troll+ to drop ! o>s quickly & take up ! rod )\t dang] ( los+ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,a l&+ net %\ld be a "p ( e fi%]man's outfit ,a l&+ net %\ld be a "p ( e fi%+ outfit4 ,m fi% are lo/ j z !y are ab\t to be lift$ f ! wat] ?an at any o!r "t4 ,a gaff is us$ = ?is same purpose ) fi% too l>ge to g into a l&+ net4 ,a gaff is a l>ge hook )\t a b>b fa/5$ into a %ort pole4 ,if y h no net or gaff & h succe$$ 9 br++ a l>ge fi% up alongside ! boat1 try to rea* "u him & get a firm grip 9 8 gills be=e y lift him on bo>d4 ,if x is a pick]el1 look out = 8 ne$le-l tee?4 ,! be/ "t to fi% is ei!r 9 ! e>ly morn+ or j be=e sund[n4 ,dur+ ! heat$ "p ( ! day mo/ game fi% /op fe$+ & seek ! cool1 deep places 9 ! lake or riv]4 ,9 _m /ates1 fi%+ is prohibit$ by law until aft] ! fi% are ?r\gh ! spawn+ season4 ,9 all k9ds ( fi%+1 ! rule is to keep z quiet z possible4 ,talk+ does n make s mu* diff]5ce1 b any sudd5 noises 9 ! wat] or on ! bottom ( ! boat are especially likely to fright5 ! fi%4 ,nev] fi% 9 y\r own %ad[ or t ( y\r boat4 ,try to h ! sun 9 front ( y or at y\r side4 ,nev] be 9 a hurry to l& a big fi%4 ,rememb] t "s ( ! s call$ 8big game fi%0 ( ! ocean w take all day to l&4 ,y mu/ use skill to tire y\r fi% out or by keep+ 8 gills op5 to dr[n him4 ,! rod & l9e are n int5d$ z a lev] to =ce ! fi% to ! l&+ net b m]ely z a guide to lead him ab\t & by 8 /ruggles to =ce him to become exhau/$4 ,a v int]e/+ exp]im5t has demon/rat$ t a skilful fi%]man c ) a fly rod & light l9e 9 a v %ort "t tire out a /rong swimm] to :i* ! l9e has be5 atta*$ & =ce him to give up ! /ruggle & come to ! side ( a boat4 ,me?ods ( fi%+ diff] s mu* 9 diff]5t localities t aside f ! ord9>y equipm5t ( rods1 reels1 l9es1 lead]s1 & hooks1 ! fi%]man go+ to a new locality _h bett] fir/ asc]ta9 :at ! g5]al me?ods ( fi%+ are1 or else1 if possible1 secure 8 equipm5t aft] he rea*es 8 fi%+ gr\nds4 ,,viii ,,nature ,,/udy ,:at is a true naturali/8--,h[ to />t a collection--,mo? collect+--,! ,h]b>ium ,!re is no?+ 9 ! _w t w br+ m pleasure into ! life ( a boy or girl ?an to cultivate a love = nature4 ,x is "o ( ! joys ( life t is z free z ! air we brea!4 ,a nature /ud5t ne$ nev] be lonely or at a loss = fri5ds or companions4 ,! birds & ! bugs are 8 acqua9tances4 ,:5ev] he goes afield !re is some?+ new or int]e/+ to see & to obs]ve4 ,he f9ds-- 8----tongues 9 trees1 books 9 ! runn+ brooks1 ,s]mons 9 /ones & good 9 ev]y?+40 ,to love nature & h] my/]ies does n necess>ily mean to be "s k9d ( a que] creature runn+ ar\nd ) a butt]fly net or an insect box4 ,a true naturali/ is simply a man or boy :o keeps 8 eyes & e>s op54 ,he w soon f9d t nature is ready to tell him _m secrets4 ,aft] a "t1 ! smell ( ! woods1 ! *irp ( a cricket & ! ru/l+ ( ! w9d 9 ! p9es become 8 pleasures4 ,! reason t p d n z a rule "k m ab\t nature is simply because _! m9ds are too full ( o!r ?+s4 ,!y fail to cultivate ! p[] ( accurate obs]vation1 :i* is ! mo/ important ?+ ( all4 ,a practical />t 9 nature /udy is to g out "s dewy morn+ & /udy ! fir/ spid] web y come across1 not+ h[ wond]fully ?is little creature makes a net to cat* its food j z we make nets to cat* fi%1 h[ ! web is brac$ ) t9y guy ropes to keep ! w9d f bl[+ x away 9 a way simil> to ! me?od an eng9e] w\ld use 9 secur+ a d]rick or a tall *imney4 ,:5 a fly or bug happ5s to become entangl$ 9 its me%es1 ! spid] w d>t out quickly f its hid+ place & if ! fly is mak+ a viol5t /ruggle = life w soon sp9 a ribbon-l web ar\nd x :i* w hold x secure1 j z we might attempt to secure a prison] or wild animal t 0 try+ to make its escape1 by b9d+ x ) ropes4 ,a spid] makes a v int]e/+ pet & ! sure/ way to ov]come ! fe> t _m p h ( spid]s is to "k m ab\t !m4 ,!re is no ne$ to read big books or li/5 to dry lectures to /udy nature4 ,9 any squ>e foot t y may pick out at r&om 9 y\r lawn y w f9d some?+ int]e/+ if y w look = x4 ,"s t9y bug w be crawl+ ar\nd 9 its little _w1 n aimlessly b ) "s def9ite purpose 9 view4 ,to ?is insect ! blades ( grass are almo/ l mighty trees & ! impr9t ( y\r heel 9 ! gr\nd may seem l a valley betwe5 m\nta9s4 ,to get an adequate idea ( ! myriads ( insects t p ! fields1 we %\ld select a summ] day j z ! sun is ab\t to set4 ,! reflection ( its wan+ rays on _! w+s w %[ c\ntless ?\s&s ( fly+ creatures 9 places :]e1 if we did n take ! tr\ble to obs]ve1 we might ?9k !re 7 none4 ,!re is "o v important side to nature t mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,x consi/s 9 kn[+ t we %all f9d a ?\s& ?+s t we _c expla9 to "o t we fully und]/&4 ,education ( any k9d consi/s m 9 kn[+ :5 to say 8,i don't "k & no "o else kn[s ei!r0 ?an to attempt a fooli% explanation ( an unexpla9able ?+4 ,if y ask 8:y a cat has :isk]s10 or :y & h[ !y make a purr+ noise :5 !y are pleas$ & wag _! tails :5 !y are angry1 :ile a dog wags 8 to %[ pleasure1 ! wise/ man _c answ] y\r "q4 ,a tea*] once ask$ a boy ab\t a cat's :isk]s & he said !y 7 to keep h] f try+ to get h] body ?r\gh a hole t w\ld n admit h] head )\t t\*+ h] :isk]s4 ,no "o c expla9 satisfactorily :y ! sap runs up 9 a tree & by "s *emical process c>ries f ! e>? ! "r elem5ts to make leaves1 blossoms or fruit4 ,nature /udy is n 8:y80 ,x is 8h[40 ,we all le>n 9 ev]yday life h[ a h5 w take c>e ( a brood ( *icks or h[ a bee w g f blossom to blossom to sip honey4 ,w\ld x n also be int]e/+ to see h[ a little bug ! size ( a p9 head w burr[ into ! /em ( an oak leaf & h[ ! tree w gr[ a h\se ar\nd him t w be totally unlike ! re/ ( ! bran*es or leaves4 ,t is an 8oak gall40 ,if y c>efully cut a gre5 "o op5 y w f9d ! bug 9 ! c5tre or 9 ! case ( a dri$ "o t we (t5 f9d on ! gr\nd1 we c see ! t9y hole :]e he has crawl$ out4 ,did y ev] "k t "s k9ds ( ants w wage w> on o!r k9ds & make slaves ( ! prison]s j z our ance/ors did 9 ! old5 times ) human be+s8 ,did y ev] see a playgr\nd :]e ! ants h _! recreation j z we h ball fields & danc+ halls8 ,did y ev] he> ( a colony ( ants keep+ a c[8 ,x is a well kn[n fact t !y d1 & !y w take _! c[ out to pa/ure & br+ x 9 & milk x & !n lock x up = ! night j z y might d if y 7 a f>m boy4 ,! 8ants' c[0 is a species ( insect call$ 8aphis0 t secretes f its food a sweet k9d ( fluid call$ 8honey dew40 ,! t5 ?\s& ?+s t we c le>n 9 nature c\ld no m be cov]$ 9 a *apt] 9 ?is book ?an ! same space c\ld cov] a hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,i h two l>ge books devot$ to ! discussion ( a s+le k9d ( fl[]1 ! 8or*id40 ,x is e/imat$ t !re are ab\t two hundr$ ?\s& k9ds ( fl[]s1 s = ?is subject alone1 we %\ld ne$ a book%elf ov] a mile long4 ,?is is n /at$ to disc\rage any "o = ( c\rse no "o c le>n all !re is to "k ab\t any subject4 ,mo/ p are cont5t n to le>n any?+ or ev5 see any?+ t is n a "p ( _! daily life4 ,! only k9d ( nature /udy wor? :ile is sy/ematic4 ,x is n safe to tru/ too mu* to ! memory4 ,keep a di>y & record 9 x ev5 ! mo/ simple ?+s = future ref]5ce4 ,all sorts ( items c be writt5 9 su* a book4 ,z x is y\r own p]sonal affair1 y ne$ n try to make x a "w ( lit]>y m]it4 ,h entries su* z ^!3 ,fir/ fro/--,oct4 #crd ,fir/ sn[--#c in*es ,?anksgiv+ day ,skat+--,decemb] #crd ,wea!r cle> & bright on ,c&lemas day1 ,feb4 #bnd & !re=e gr\nd-hog saw 8 %ad[ ,he>d cr[s caw+--,feb4 #ah?4 ,la/ ye>--,jan4 #bf? ,saw fir/ rob9--,m>* #ad? ,la/ sn[--,april #bh? ,!re is sc>cely any?+ 9 nature t is n int]e/+ & 9 "s way useful4 ,p]haps y w say 8,h[ ab\t a bat80 ,z a matt] ( fact a bat is "o ( our be/ fri5ds because he w sp5d ! :ole night cat*+ mosquitoes4 ,b "s "o w say 8he flies into y\r hair & is cov]$ ) a c]ta9 k9d ( disgu/+ v]m940 ,did y ev] "k ( a bat fly+ into any "o's hair8 ,& z = ! v]m9 sci5ce tells u t !y are really 8 fav\rite food s x is unlikely t he w\ld h>b\r a colony ( !m v long4 ,! subject ( snakes is "o 9 :i* !re is m mis9=mation ?an any o!r common ?+4 ,!re are only ?ree v5om\s k9ds ( snakes 9 ,am]ica4 ,!y are ! rattlesnake1 copp]head & moccas94 ,all ( !m c be di/+ui%$ by a deep pit beh9d ! eye1 :i* gives !m ! "n ( 8pit vip]s40 ,! g5]al impression t puff add]s1 pilots1 gre5 snakes or wat] snakes are poison\s is absolutely wrong1 & z = hoop snakes & ! snake ) a /+ 9 8 tail t all boys h he>d ab\t1 !y are absolutely fairy tales l 8,jack & ! ,bean ,/alk0 or 8,alice 9 ,wond]l&40 ,we h all he>d ab\t black snakes eight or t5 feet long t w *ase y & w9d !mselves ar\nd y\r neck1 b ( ! _m hundr$s ( black snakes t a well kn[n naturali/ has se5 he /ates t he nev] saw "o t did n d its be/ to escape if giv5 half a *ance4 ,:y s mu* mis9=mation ab\t snakes exi/s is a my/]y4 ,nature /udy has rec5tly be5 introduc$ into s*ools & x is a v excell5t way to h ! int]e/+ ?+s po9t$ out to u until our eyes are tra9$ to see = ourselves4 ,! usual me?ods ( nature /udy may be r\ghly divid$ into1 #a4 ,keep+ pets4 #b4 ,bird /udy4 #c4 ,insect /udy4 #d4 ,sy/ematic /udy ( fl[]s & plants4 #e4 ,wild animal life4 ,! basis ( nature /udy consi/s 9 mak+ collections4 ,a collection t we h made = ourselves ( mo?s or fl[]s1 = in/ance1 is f> m int]e/+ ?an a /amp or co9 collection :]e we buy our specim5s4 ,if we g afield & collect = ourselves1 ! co/ is practically no?+ & we h ! b5efit ( be+ 9 ! air & sun%9e4 ,"o k9d ( collect+ is absolutely wrong--t ( birds' eggs1 ne/s or ev5 ! birds !mselves4 ,our little fea!r$ song/]s are too few n[ & mo/ /ates h v sev]e p5alties = kill+ or mole/+ !m4 ,a nature /ud5t mu/ n be a lawbreak]4 ,! outfit = a butt]fly or mo? collection is v simple & inexp5sive4 ,we %all ne$ an insect net to capture our specim5s4 ,?is c be made at home f a piece ( /iff wire b5t into ! %ape ( a flatt5$ circle ab\t a foot across4 ,fa/5 ! r+ securely to a broom h&le & make a *eeseclo? net ! same diamet] z ! r+ & ab\t two feet deep4 ,illu/ration3 ,! cyanide bottle ,x is v cruel to run a p9 ?r\gh insects & to all[ !m sl[ly to torture to dea?4 ,an insect kill] t is g5]ally us$ is call$ 8! cyanide bottle40 ,its pr9ciple +r$i5t1 cyanide ( potassium is a h>mless look+ :ite p[d] b x is ! mo/ deadly poison 9 ! _w4 ,unless a boy or girl kn[s fully its t]rible dang]1 !y %\ld nev] t\* x or ev5 brea! its fumes4 ,"o ( y\r p>5ts or ! druggi/ %\ld prep>e ! cyanide bottle = y & z long z y d n look into ! bottle to wat* ! /ruggles ( a dy+ bug or 9 any way get any ( ! cont5ts ( ! bottle on y\r f+]s1 y are safe4 ,take a wide-m\!d bottle made ( cle> glass & fit a cork or rubb] /opp] to x4 ,!n wa% ! bottle ?or\ghly & dry x1 f9ally poli%+ ! inside ) a piece ( s(t clo? or tissue pap]4 ,place "o ounce ( cyanide ( potassium into ! bottle & p\r 9 en\gh dry sawdu/ to cov] ! lumps ( poison4 ,!n wet "s pla/] ( p>is until x is ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream & quickly p\r x ov] ! sawdu/1 tak+ c>e t x does n run d[n ! sides or spla% aga9/ ! bottle4 ,place ! bottle on a level table & v soon ! pla/] ( p>is w set & h>d5 into a solid cake4 ,suffici5t fumes f ! cyanide w come up ?r\gh ! pla/] to poison ! air 9 ! bottle & to kill any liv+ ?+ t attempts to brea! x4 ,z y capture y\r specim5s ( mo?s1 bugs or butt]flies afield y place !m into ! bottle1 & z soon z !y are dead1 y remove !m2 fold !m c>efully 9 /iff pap] & /ore !m 9 a pap] box or a c>ry+ case until y get home4 ,!y %\ld !n be m\nt$ on bo>ds or cork %eets1 labell$ c>efully ) ! "n ( ! specim51 date & place ( capture & any o!r facts t y may wi% to keep4 ,illu/ration3 ,h[ insects are spread to dry !m 9 a natural position ,consid]able skill is requir$ to m\nt insects prop]ly & 9 a life-l position4 ,if !y are out ( %ape y mu/ 8spread0 !m be=e !y dry out4 ,spread+ consi/s 9 hold+ !m 9 ! prop] position by means ( t9y bits ( glass & p9s until !y are dry4 ,z mo?s are1 z a rule1 night-fly+ creatures ! collector w ei!r obta9 !m 9 a l>val /age1 or w adopt ! me?od ( 8sug>+10 "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ bran*es ( nature /udy4 ,a fav\rable locality is select$1 a comp>atively op5 space 9 pref]5ce to a d5se gr[?1 & sev]al trees are bait$ or sug>$ to attract ! mo?s :5 9 se>* ( food4 ,! sug> or bait is made z foll[s3 ,take f\r p\nds ( d>k br[n sug>1 "o qu>t ( molasses1 a bottle ( /ale ale or be]1 f\r ounces ( ,santa ,cruz rum4 ,mix & heat gradually4 ,aft] x is cook$ = five m9utes all[ x to cool & place 9 ,mason j>s4 ,! bait w be ab\t ! consi/5cy ( ?ick v>ni%4 ,j be=e twilight ! bait %\ld be pa9t$ on a doz5 or m trees ) a /rip ab\t ?ree in*es wide & ?ree feet long4 ,y w ne$ a bull's-eye lant]n or bicycle lamp & aft] d>k1 make ! r\nds ( y\r bait & cauti\sly fla% ! light on ! bait$ tree4 ,if y see a mo? fe$+ !re1 c>efully br+ ! cyanide bottle up & drop him into x4 ,"u no circum/ances1 clap ! bottle ov] ! specim54 ,if y d ! neck ( ! bottle w become sme>$ ) ! bait & ! mo? w\ld be daub$ ov] & ru9$4 ,y w soon h all ! specim5s t y c c>e = at "o "t & w be ready to g home & take c>e ( !m4 ,! mo?s are among ! mo/ beautiful creatures 9 nature & a reasonably complete collection ( ! specim5s 9 y\r neighb\rhood w be some?+ to be pr\d (4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,mo? ,collector & ,8 ,outfit 7,photograph by ,f4,w4 ,/ack7 ,! plant & fl[] collector %\ld comb9e 8 field "w ) a /udy ( botany4 ,l mo/ subjects 9 s*ool books1 botany may seem dry & un9t]e/+ b :5 we le>n x = "s def9ite purpose su* z kn[+ ! wild fl[]s & call+ !m our fri5ds1 we mu/ accept ! few /range words & dry ?+s 9 ! s*ool "w z a little bitt] t goes ) a great deal ( sweet4 ,a collection ( dri$ plants is call$ an h]b>ium4 ,x is cu/om>y to take ! entire plant z a specim5 includ+ ! roots4 ,sep>ate specim5s ( buds1 leaves1 fl[]s & fruit tak5 at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye> w make ! collection m complete4 ,specim5s %\ld be fir/ press$ or flatt5$ betwe5 %eets ( blott+ pap] & !n m\nt$ on %eets ( :ite pap] ei!r by glue or by /rips ( gumm$ pap]4 ,aft] a fl[] is prop]ly id5tifi$1 ^! %eets %\ld be c>efully numb]$ & labell$ & a record kept 9 a book s t we c readily f9d a specim5 )\t unnecess>ily h&l+ ! specim5 %eets4 ,! %eets %\ld be kept 9 heavy envelopes ( manila pap] & plac$ 9 a box j ! size to hold !m4 ,! /&>d or museum size ( h]b>ium %eets is #aa x #af in*es4 ,specim5s ( seawe$ or leaves c be kept 9 blank books4 ,a typical label = plants or fl[]s %\ld be z foll[s3 ,common names ,yell[ add]'s tongue ,date collect$1 ,may #af?1 #aijh ,dog too? violet ,botanical "n ,ery?ronium ,am]icanum ,,rem>ks3 ,john ,burr\ghs ,family ,lilies sugge/s t ! "n ,:]e f\nd ,rockaway ,valley ne> be *ang$ ei!r to ,beav] ,brook fawn lily because its leaves look l a spott$ fawn or tr\t lily because !y always appe> at tr\t fi%+ season4 ,a boy or girl liv+ 9 a section :]e m9]als are pl5tiful1 c make a v int]e/+ collection ( /ones & m9]al sub/ances1 especially cry/als4 ,?is %\ld be tak5 up 9 connection ) s*ool "w 9 *emi/ry & m9]alogy4 ,to det]m9e ! names ( m9]als is by no means z easy z t ( fl[]s or animals4 ,we %all ne$ to und]/& some?+ ( bl[-pipe analysis4 ,z a rule a high s*ool pupil c receive a great deal ( valuable in/ruction & aid f "o ( 8 tea*]s 9 ?is "w4 ,m9]al specim5s %\ld be m\nt$ on small blocks or sp9dles us+ seal+ wax to hold !m 9 place4 ,!re are unlimit$ possibilities 9 nature = mak+ collections4 ,%ells1 mosses1 f]ns1 leaves1 grasses1 se$s1 are all int]e/+ & ( value4 ,an obs]vation beehive ) a glass front :i* may be d>k5$ w %[ u ! wond]ful intellig5ce ( ^! little creatures4 ,! true _s ( nature /udy is to le>n z mu* z we c ( h] 9 all ( h] bran*es1 n to make a specialty ( "o ?+ to ! neglect ( ! re/ & above all n to make "w ( any?+4 ,we see "s new side to our mo/ common ?+s :5 we once le>n to look = x4 ,n "o p]son 9 t5 ?\s& kn[s t bean v9es & morn+ glories w tw9e ar\nd a pole to ! "r :ile hop v9es & honeysuckle w g to ! left & yet :o is !re :o has n se5 ^! common v9es hundr$s ( times8 ,no "o c give z an excuse t he is too busy to /udy nature4 ,! busie/ m5 9 national affairs h _h "t = x & surely we ) our little responsibilities & c>es c d s too4 ,i once w5t fi%+ ) a cl]gyman & ,i notic$ t he /ood = a long "t look+ at a pure :ite wat] lily ) beautiful fragrance t grew f ! blacke/ & mo/ un9vit+ look+ mud t "o c\ld f9d4 ,! next ,sunday he us$ ?is z an illu/ration = 8 text4 ,h[ _m ( u ev] saw ! possibility ( a s]mon 9 ?is common ev]yday sight8 ,,ix ,,wat] ,,life ,! wat] telescope--,h[ to manage an aqu>ium--,our insect fri5ds & enemies--,! obs]vation beehive ,! eggs ( s _m insects1 toads1 frogs & o!r int]e/+ creatures are laid & hat*$ 9 wat] t a close /udy ( pools1 brooks & small bodies ( wat] w disclose to ! nature /ud5t "s wond]ful /ories ( animal life4 ,to obta9 wat] specim5s = our collection1 we %all ne$ a net some:at simil> to ! butt]fly net describ$ 9 ! previ\s *apt] b ) a mu* /rong] frame4 ,"o t ,i h us$ = sev]al ye>s 0 made by ! village blacksmi?4 ,! r+ or hoop is ( qu>t]-in* r\nd iron1 securely fa/5$ to a /\t h&le & b5t to a %ape z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,to ?is r+ is fa/5$ a regul> l&+ net su* z fi%]m5 use1 ) an extra bag ( *eeseclo? to fit inside to capture insects too small to be held by ! me%es ( ! outside net4 ,= frogs1 turtles1 & m9n[s1 ! s+le net is all t is necess>y4 ,?is device is almo/ /rong en\gh to use z a %ovel4 ,x w scoop up a netful ( mud )\t b5d+4 ,?is is important z muddy dit*es & sluggi% ponds w yield u m specim5s ?an swiftly runn+ brooks4 ,9 addition to ! net1 ! collector w require a small pail to hold 8 trophies4 ,a fi%]man's m9n[ bucket is excell5t = ?is purpose & ! wat] c easily be fre%5$ & ! cont5ts ( ! pail rea*$ by simply lift+ out ! inside pail f ! wat]1 :i* w dra9 out4 ,illu/ration3 ,a heavy net is useful to capture aqu>ium specim5s ,to /udy ! animal life "u ! surface ( a cle> & %all[ lake1 a wat] telescope is a great aid4 ,x is simply a wood5 box a foot or s long & op5 at bo? ends4 ,! inside %\ld be pa9t$ black to prev5t cross reflection ( light4 ,a squ>e ( cle> glass %\ld be fitt$ into "o end & putti$ tight to keep out ! wat]4 ,to use ! wat] telescope1 we simply %ove ! glass end "u wat] & look into ! box4 ,a clo? hood or eye piece to keep out ! outside light w make x m effective4 ,! be/ way to use a wat] telescope is to lie 9 ! bottom ( a boat :i* is drift+ ab\t1 & to look ?r\gh ! telescope ov] ! side4 ,z y /udy ! m>vell\s animal & plant life t passes along "u y l a panorama1 see to x t 9 y\r excitem5t y d n fall ov]bo>d z a boy fri5d ( m9e once did4 ,! c>e ( an aqu>ium is a nev] end+ s\rce ( int]e/ to ! nature /ud5t4 ,if a boy is h&y ) tools he c build "o himself4 ,x is by no means an easy task h[ev] to make a satisfactory wat]-tight box ) glass sides1 & my advice is n to attempt x4 ,glass aqu>ia may be b\ght s *eaply t x is d\btful if y c save any money by mak+ "o at home4 ,if y c>e to try x1 ?is is ! way x is usually done3 ,use a piece ( season$ :ite wood #a in*es ?ick = ! bottom4 ,if y wi% y\r aqu>ium to be1 say1 #af in*es wide & #cj in*es long1 ?is bottom bo>d %\ld be #bj x #cd to give a m>g9 at ! edge4 ,! size ( a home-made aqu>ium c be any?+ t y desire4 ,x is cu/om>y to all[ a gallon ( wat] to ea* ?ree-in* gold fi% t w inhabit x4 ,by multiply+ ! ?ree dim5sions1 l5g?1 wid? & height ( y\r box & by divid+ y\r result1 :i* w be 9 cubic in*es1 by #bca 7! numb] ( cubic in*es 9 a gallon7 y c tell h[ _m gallons ( wat] x w hold4 ,( c\rse ! rule = gold fi% is n absolute4 ,! nature /ud5t w probably h no gold fi% at all4 ,!y are n ne>ly s int]e/+ z our native k9ds4 ,besides ne>ly all v>ieties ( fre% wat] fi% w ei!r kill gold fi% or if !y are too l>ge to kill w at lea/ make life s mis]able = !m t to keep !m toge!r is cruelty to animals4 ,if we keep 9 our aqu>ium ! specim5s t we collect 9 our neighb\rhood1 beetles1 newts1 crawfi%1 snails1 & t9y sunfi% ! numb] may be greatly increas$4 ,ov]cr[d+ h[ev] is v bad4 ,! ideal we %\ld /rive = is n 8h[ _m specim5s0 b 8h[ _m k9ds0 we c h 9 our collection4 ,! :ite wood bo>d %\ld h ?ree or f\r h>dwood cleats screw$ to ! bottom to prev5t w>p+4 ,! corn] pieces ( our glass box may ei!r be made ( %eet copp] or heavy t91 or ( wood1 if we _c "w 9 metals4 ,! wood5 /rips & ! bottom bo>d %\ld h grooves pl\gh$ 9 !m to hold ! glass4 ,all ! woodwork %\ld be giv5 sev]al coats ( asphalt v>ni% & to fur!r wat]pro( x & z a f9al coat use "s k9d ( m>9e copp] pa9t t is us$ to coat ! bottoms ( vessels4 ,nev] use ! common :ite lead & l9se$ oil pa9t = an aqu>ium4 ,y c sometimes buy aqu>ium cem5t or prep>$ putty at a 8gold fi%0 /ore4 ,?is y w ne$ to putty 9 ! glass4 ,if y _c buy x1 make x y\rself f ! asphalt v>ni% & :it+4 ,be sure t ! pa9t & putty ( an aqu>ium is ?or\ghly dry be=e y fill x ) wat]4 ,p]haps ! mo/ satisfactory way to /udy fi% & insect life 9 wat] is to use all glass boxes & globes4 ,s _m k9ds ( fi% & insects are natural enemies1 ev5 ?\gh !y inhabit ! same /reams1 t !y mu/ be kept sep>ate anyway4 ,to put !m 9 ! same aqu>ium w\ld be l cag+ up two game roo/]s4 ,if we 7 /udy+ ! developm5t ( mosquitoes1 = in/ance1 f ! l>vae or eggs to ! fully develop$ insect1 we %\ld n get v f> 9 our nature /udy if we put !m 9 an aqu>ium ) fi%4 ,a fi% w soon make %ort "w ( a hundr$ mosquito wiggl]s j z a l>ge frog w eat ! fi%1 a snake w eat ! frog & s on4 ,rectangul> glass boxes su* z are commonly us$ = aqu>ia co/ less ?an a doll> p] gallon capacity4 ,goldfi% globes co/ ab\t ! same4 ,:ite glass r\nd aqu>ia are mu* *eap] & ^? made ( gre5i% dome/ic glass are ! *eape/ ( all1 a glass tank hold+ eight gallons co/+ b two doll>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a self-su/a9+ or balanc$ aqu>ium ,any transp>5t vessel capable ( hold+ wat]1 ev5 a ,mason j> w make an aqu>ium f :i* a great deal ( pleasure may be d]iv$4 ,! old way ( ma9ta9+ aqu>ia 9 good condition requir$ a great deal ( c>e & att5tion4 ,! wat] _h to be *ang$ at lea/ once a day if runn+ wat] 0 n available1 & altoge!r !y 7 s mu* tr\ble t z a rule own]s soon tir$ ( !m4 ,mod]n aqu>ia are totally diff]5t4 ,by a prop] comb9ation ( fi% & gr[+ plants we c almo/ duplicate ! conditions ( nature & /rike a balance s t ! wat] ne$ nev] be *ang$ except :5 x becomes f\l or to clean ! glass4 ,^! are call$ 8self-su/a9+0 aqu>ia & !y are ! only k9d to h unless we c furni% runn+ wat] f a public wat] supply4 ,self-su/a9+ aqu>ia are v simple & any boy or girl liv+ ne> a brook c /ock "o at no exp5se :atev]4 ,! me?od is z foll[s3 ,fir/ cov] ! bottom ( ! aqu>ium ) a lay] ( s& & pebbles to a dep? ( ab\t two in*es4 ,!n plant 9 ! bottom "s aquatic or wat] plants t y h collect$ f a ne>by lake4 ,any k9d ( wat] plants w d--! k9d ( plants boys always call seawe$1 ev5 a ?\s& miles f ! sea4 ,9 collect+ ! plants1 *oose small specim5s & obta9 roots & all4 ,if y c f9d x1 ! be/ plant is fanwort4 ,o!r good k9ds are hornwort1 wat] />wort1 tape grass1 wat] poppy1 milfoil1 will[ moss1 & float+ plants l duckwe$4 ,ev5 if y d n "k ^! by "n !y are probably common 9 y\r neighb\rhood4 ,fill ! tank ) clean wat]4 ,t tak5 f a spr+ or well is bett] ?an ci/]n wat]4 ,aft] two or ?ree days1 :5 ! plants seem to be well root$1 put 9 y\r fi%4 ,y may keep y\r aqu>ium 9 a light place1 b always keep x out ( ! sun 9 summ] & away f ! heat ( a /ove or radiator 9 w9t]4 ,! nature /ud5t w n attempt to /ock up 8 aqu>ium imm$iately4 ,he %\ld always leave room = "o m fi% or bug4 ,"o ye> ,i />t$ ) a lone newt & be=e ! summ] 0 ov] ,i _h ?irte5 sunfi%1 pick]el1 bass1 m9n[s1 catfi%1 c>p1 tr\t1 m newts1 pollywogs or tadpoles1 five k9ds ( frogs1 an eel & all sorts ( bugs1 wat]beetles & insects4 ,i soon f\nd t "o k9d ( insect w\ld kill ano!r & t sometimes my specim5s w\ld gr[ w+s ov] night & fly away4 ,b to le>n ^! ?+s1 ev5 at our own disappo9tm5t is 8nature /udy40 ,if we knew x all 9 advance1 we w\ld n h mu* use = our exp]im5tal aqu>ium4 ,always keep a few snails & tadpoles1 = !y are ! scav5g]s & w eat ! refuse /uff & keep ! glass free f gre5i% scum4 ,boys & girls are almo/ sure to ov]fe$ fi%4 ,?is is a great mi/ake4 ,! be/ /&>d fe$ is dri$ ants' eggs t c be b\ght = a few c5ts a box at any bird & fi% /ore4 ,d n fe$ pieces ( bread & meat4 ,/udy :at _! natural food is & if possible get t = !m4 ,if y\r fi% seem sickly1 give !m a five-m9ute ba? 9 salt wat] e day = a week4 ,! k9d ( an aqu>ium above describ$ is int5d$ to fill an entirely diff]5t purpose f ! usual gold fi% globe4 ,9 y\r excursions y w f9d all sorts ( que] look+ eggs & specim5s4 ,"s ( ! eggs are s t9y t !y look almo/ l black or :ite du/ on ! wat]4 ,ano!r k9d w be a mass l a jellyfi% ) br[n dots 9 x1 /ill o!rs w be fa/5$ 9 masses to ! "u side ( a leaf 9 ! wat] or p]haps on ! bottom4 ,:at are !y8 ,t is j ! "q & t is :y y w c>efully collect !m & take !m home to await developm5ts4 ,always keep an accurate note-book ) dates & facts4 ,also keep a close wat* on y\r specim5s4 ,sometimes !y w hat* & be eat5 by ! o!r bugs be=e y c\ld read ?is *apt]4 ,a nature /ud5t w ne$ "s "p ( ! h\se t he may call 8 v own4 ,"h he c keep 8 specim5s1 8 aqu>ium1 8 h]b>ium & :at n4 ,ar\nd ! wall he c hang ! twigs ) _! cocoons1 oak galls1 la/ ye>'s wasp & bird ne/s & o!r treasures4 ,he %\ld also h a "w table t a little glue or ink w n injure & a c>pet t has no fur!r use 9 ! h\sehold4 ,usually "o corn] ( ! attic or cell> is j ! place4 ,see to x t y d n make o!r p uncom=table 9 ! pursuit ( y\r hobby4 ,y w f9d t almo/ e "o is afraid ( bugs & toads & t mo/ p live 9 a _w full ( wond]ful ?+s & only see a little beyond ! end ( _! noses4 ,!re is a v practical side to nature /udy & ! pr9cipal way t we c make x really pay1 is to "k our fri5ds f our enemies 9 ! animal & insect _w4 ,!re are insects t *ew1 suck & bore to ru9 our or*>ds & gra9 crops4 ,!y are our enemies4 ,if we "k _! life /ory1 :]e !y hide & h[ !y bre$1 we c fight !m bett]4 ,= e doll>'s wor? ( crops t a f>m] gr[s1 x is e/imat$ t 8 insect enemies eat ano!r doll>'s wor?4 ,a little bug call$ ! 8,san ,jos0 scale has ne>ly ru9$ ! or*>ds ( "s ( ! ,ea/]n /ates4 ,to fight him1 we mu/ "k h[ he lives4 ,t is nature /udy4 ,by /udy we le>n t ! hop-toad is our be/ g>d5 fri5d4 ,he w sp5d ! :ole night wat*+ = ! cutworms t are aft] our tomato plants4 ,:5 we see a woodpeck] indu/ri\sly peck+ at ! b>k ( our apple trees1 we "k t he is aft] ! l>vae ( ! t]rible codl+ mo? & we call him our fri5d4 ,aft] we le>n t a ladybug lives almo/ entirely on plant lice & scale insects1 we nev] kill "o aga9 except p]haps to place a specim5 ,9 our collection4 ,naturali/s say t )\t ladybugs1 our or*>ds w\ld soon be entirely kill$ (f4 ,! dragon fly or mosquito hawk z well z 8wat] tig]s10 wat] /rid]s & _m k9ds ( beetles are ! natural enemies ( mosquitoes & z !y nev] h>m our crops we %\ld nev] h>m !m4 ,ne>ly e liv+ creature has "s enemies4 ,y h p]haps he>d ! fam\s v]se ( ,dean ,swift3 8,s naturali/s obs]ve1 a flea ,has small] t ^u !m prey ,& ^! h small] /ill to bite 'em ,& s proce$ ad inf9itum40 ,among our insect fri5ds ! lead+ place belongs ei!r to ! honey bee or ! silkworm4 ,z silkworms are n especially successful 9 ?is c\ntry & z _! pr9cipal food1 mulb]ry trees1 are n common1 ! nature /ud5t :o c>es to /udy our b5eficial insects _h bett] devote 8 att5tion to honey bees4 ,an obs]vation beehive is simply a glass box or hive in/ead ( a wood5 "o4 ,:5 we are n engag$ 9 /udy+ our bee city1 ! hive mu/ be cov]$ ) a blanket z bees pref] to "w 9 ! d>k4 ,a boy or girl liv+ 9 ! c\ntry c also keep bees pr(itably & ?us comb9e bus9ess ) pleasure4 ,a s+le hive w 9 a few ye>s produce en\gh sw>ms to give u a good />t z 8bee f>m]s40 ,illu/ration3 ,an obs]vation beehive ,x ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,pets ,cats--,boxes = song birds--,h[ to attract ! birds--,tame cr[s--,! pigeon fanci]--,ornam5tal l& & wat] f[l--,rabbits1 gu9ea pigs1 rats & mice--,h[ to build coops--,g5]al rules = pets--,! dog ,9 ?is *apt] on pets1 ,i regret exce$+ly t ,i _c say mu* 9 fav\r ( ! family cat4 ,l ne>ly all *ildr51 ,i 0 br\ght up to love kitt5s & to admire _! playful1 cunn+ ways4 ,:5 a kitt5 becomes a cat my love = x ceases4 ,cats w d s _m mean1 di%on\rable ?+s1 & w cat* s _m song birds & s few rats & mice t x simply has become a "q :e!r we %all l ! song birds or ! cat4 ,s _m p d l cats t x is unfair p]haps to condemn ! :ole race = ! misde$s ( a few4 ,if a cat is c>efully wat*$ or if we put a bell on its neck1 ^! precautions w to a c]ta9 ext5t keep ! cat f cat*+ birds1 b mo/ p h some?+ bett] to d ?an to act z gu>dian = a cat4 ,! fact is t a cat is a /upid animal seldom %[+ any real affection or loyalty = its own] & possess+ b little intellig5ce4 ,x is v difficult to tea* a cat ev5 ! simple/ tricks4 ,we nev] "k :5 a cat w turn on its be/ fri5d4 ,!y h ! 8tig]0 in/9ct ( trea*]y4 ,a cat :i* "o m9ute is cont5t$ly purr+ on our lap may s9k its claws into u ! next4 ,! only way to =ce a cat to cat* mice is to keep x half />v$4 ,!n in/ead ( cat*+ mice1 x w probably g aft] birds if !re are any 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,i h %ut a cat up 9 a room ) a m\se & x is d\btful :e!r ! cat or ! m\se 7 ! m fright5$4 ,! cat does m damage to ! song birds ( ?is c\ntry ?an any o!r enemy !y h4 ,if kept at home & well f$1 cats sometimes become s fat & /upid t !y w n mole/ birds b ?is is due to laz9ess & n to any good qualities 9 ! cat4 ,9 normal condition !y are natural hunt]s4 ,! habits ( a cat are unclean1 its une>?ly cries at night are extremely disagreeable & altoge!r x is a nuisance4 ,a fam\s naturali/1 ,%al]1 once said 8,a cat is ! only animal t has be5 tol]at$1 e/eem$ & at times wor%ipp$ )\t hav+ a s+le di/9ctly valuable quality40 ,a few ye>s ago a quail _h a ne/ "u a rock opposite my h\se4 ,quail raise _! "y l p\ltry r ?an l rob9s or wr5s or ! o!r song birds4 ,z soon z ! t9y quail *icks are hat*$1 ! "m takes !m ar\nd l a h5 ) a brood ( *ick5s4 ,?is "m quail 0 my especial c>e & /udy4 ,%e became s tame t ,i c\ld fe$ h]4 ,f9ally %e hat*$ out t5 t9y br[n balls ( fea!rs4 ,our cat _h be5 wat*+ h]1 too1 b n f ! same motives & "o day ! cat came home ) ! "m quail 9 h] m\?4 ,%e ran "u ! por* j out ( rea* & calmly ate x4 ,! little brood 7 too small to look out = !mselves s ( c\rse !y all di$ or fell an easy victim to o!r cats4 ,! "m 0 probably an easy prey because 9 gu>d+ ! "y1 a quail w pret5d to h a brok5 w+ & /ruggle along to attract att5tion to h] & away f h] little ones1 :o scurry to high grass = safety4 ,i h nev] be5 v fri5dly to cats s9ce ,i witness$ ?is episode4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t ! av]age dome/ic cat kills an av]age ( "o song bird a day dur+ ! season :5 ! birds are ) u4 ,9 c]ta9 sections a cat has be5 kn[n to de/roy six ne/s ( orioles1 ?ru%es & bobol9ks 9 a s+le day4 ,! wor/ (f5d]s are cats t live ar\nd b>ns & old h\ses 9 a half wild condition4 ,_m p :o say !y 8hav5't ! he>t to kill a cat0 w take x away f home & drop x along ! road4 ,a ?\ghtless act l ?is may mean ! dea? ( a hundr$ birds 9 t neighb\rhood4 ,x takes less he>t to kill ! cat ?an to kill ! birds4 ,s mu* = ! cat4 ,illu/ration3 ,a bird h\se ,birds make spl5did pets1 b 9 keep+ !m 9 captivity1 we mu/ be sure t we are n violat+ ! game laws ( ! /ate we live 94 ,ne>ly ev]y:]e x is unlawful to keep 9 cages any native song birds or ^? t de/roy h>mful insects--! s call$ 8insectivor\s birds40 ,?is includes ?ru%es1 wr5s1 rob9s1 bluebirds1 orioles or1 9 fact1 practically all birds b cr[s1 blackbirds & k+fi%]s4 ,x does n cov] can>ies1 p>rots1 or any birds t are n native4 ,x is an excell5t law & e boy or girl %\ld act z a special policeman to see t 8 fri5ds & companions d n mole/ ei!r birds or _! ne/s4 ,x is cruel to cage a wild bird anyway = a cage is no?+ b a prison4 ,!re is no law aga9/ tam+ ! birds or mak+ fri5ds ( !m & aft] all ?is is ! mo/ satisfactory way4 ,if we build h\ses = ! birds to ne/ 91 provide fe$ = !m & 9 o!r ways d :at we c to attract !m1 !y w soon le>n t we are _! fri5ds4 ,we mu/ /udy _! habits & always avoid fright5+ !m4 ,next to a cat1 ! wor/ enemies ( our song birds are ! ,engli% sp>r[s4 ,a sp>r[ is always fair game = ! boy ) a sl+%ot or rifle4 ,9 _m places ^! sp>r[s h driv5 practically all ! o!r birds out ( ! neighb\rhood1 h robb$ _! ne/s & 9 o!r ways h %[n !mselves to be a public nuisance4 ,until #ahfi !re 7 no sp>r[s 9 ?is c\ntry & n[ !y are m num]\s ?an any o!r v>iety ( birds1 & soon] or lat]1 ! ,gov]nm5t w h to take /eps to ext]m9ate !m or we %all h no song birds at all4 ,! usual size ( a bird h\se is six in*es squ>e & ab\t eight in*es high4 ,x %\ld always be made ( old wea!r-beat5 bo>ds 9 ord] n to fright5 away its prospective t5ants by look+ l a trap ( "s k9d4 ,! *ances are t ! sp>r[s w be ! fir/ birds to claim a h\se unless we keep a close wat* & drive !m away4 ,"o way to keep !m out is to make ! entrance doorway too small = !m to ent]4 ,a hole an in* 9 diamet] w admit a wr5 or *ickadee & b> out a sp>r[1 b x w also keep out mo/ ( ! o!r birds4 ,! usual doorway %\ld be two in*es 9 diamet]4 ,x is surpris+ h[ soon aft] we build our bird h\se we f9d a t9y pair mak+ _! plans to occupy x & to take up h\sekeep+4 ,sometimes ?is w happ5 ! same day ! bird h\se is set up4 ,always provide "s ne/+ mat]ial ne> at h&2 l95 or cotton ?read1 ravell+s1 t[1 hair & excelsior are all good4 ,( c\rse we mu/ n attempt to build ! ne/4 ,no "o is skillful en\gh = t4 ,ne>ly all ( our native birds are migratory1 t is !y g s\? = ! w9t]4 ,! date t we may look = !m to return is almo/ ! same ye> aft] ye>4 ,"s few birds--bluebirds1 rob9s1 c$> birds & song sp>r[s w /ay all w9t] if x is mild b z a rule we mu/ n expect ! arrival ( ! fea!r$ song/]s until ,m>*4 ,! phoebe bird is ab\t ! fir/ "o we %all see4 ,9 ,april look = ! br[n ?ra%]1 catbird1 wr51 b>n1 eave & tree swall[s1 m>t9s1 k+ birds & *ipp+ sp>r[s4 ,9 ,may ! pr9cipal birds ( our neighb\rhood w return--?ru%es1 vireos1 tanag]s1 grosbeaks1 bobol9ks1 orioles4 ,! game birds--quail1 p>tridge1 mead[l>ks & pheasants d n migrate z a rule4 ,at lea/ !y d n disappe> = a "t & !n return4 ,:5 !y leave a neighb\rhood1 !y r>ely come back to x4 ,all ! song birds beg9 ne/+ 9 ,may4 ,consequ5tly we %\ld h our bird h\ses 8ready = occupancy0 ,may #a/4 ,x w take ab\t twelve days = mo/ birds to hat* _! eggs4 ,"s v>ieties w hat* ?ree broods 9 a season1 b two is ! usual rule4 ,we %all require a great deal ( pati5ce to tame ! wild birds4 ,"s bird lov]s h succe$$ 9 tea*+ birds to fe$ f _! h&s4 ,a wild bird t is once ?or\ghly fright5$ c probably nev] be tam$ aga94 ,a cr[ is a v int]e/+ pet4 ,cr[s are especially tamable & may be all[$ full lib]ty ar\nd ! doory>d4 ,we mu/ get a "y "o f ! ne/ j be=e x is ready to fly4 ,cr[s are great ?ieves & are attract$ by bright objects4 ,if y h a tame cr[1 & if any memb] ( y\r h\sehold misses jewell]y or ?imbles y _h bett] look 9 ! cr[s' ne/ be=e y ?9k t burgl>s h be5 ar\nd4 ,! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 tam$ wild animals1 su* z squirrels1 birds1 owls1 foxes1 cr[s & s on1 & ! dome/icat$ animals & birds1 dogs1 cats1 rabbits1 gu9ea pigs1 pigeons & *ick5s1 lies 9 ! possibility ) ! latt] ( modify+ nature & bre$+ = c]ta9 special m>k+s1 col\rs or size4 ,all bre$s ( *ick5s f ! little bantams to ! enorm\s ,brahmas h be5 br$ f a wild species ( *ick5 f\nd 9 ,india & call$ ! jungle f[l4 ,all ! great p\ltry %[s held ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry annually are = ! purpose ( exhibit+ ! mo/ p]fectly m>k$ specim5s ( ! bre$]s' skill4 ,?is is decid$ by judges :o aw>d prizes4 ,! competition is sometimes v ke54 ,9 b>r$ ,plym\? ,rock *ick5s1 = example1 !re are sometimes a hundr$ birds ent]$ to compete = a s+le prize4 ,! bre$]s are call$ fanci]s4 ,! pr9cipal bre$]s ( c]ta9 animals su* z rabbits1 pigeons or p\ltry1 =m an association or club & agree to an imag9>y type ( ! animal call$ ! ideal or 8,/&>d ( ,p]fection40 ,= example1 ! bre$]s ( :ite fantail pigeons agree t p]fect birds %all be ( c]ta9 %ape & size1 ) ! head re/+ on ! back j at ! base ( ! tail2 ! tail %\ld be spread out l a fan & conta9 at lea/ tw5ty-eight fea!rs4 ,^! fea!rs %\ld be lac$ on ! ends4 ,! model fantail %\ld h a n]v\s j]ky motion & nev] be at re/4 ,ea* ( ^! po9ts is giv5 a c]ta9 value on a scale ( m>k+ & 9 judg+ ! birds !y are m>k$ j z y may be 9 y\r lessons at s*ool4 ,! fanci] tries to bre$ a bird t comes ! ne>e/ to ?is model4 ,! prizes are sometimes ( great value4 ,!re is an enorm\s li/ ( bre$s 9 ne>ly all v>ieties ( animals & p\ltry4 ,9 pigeons alone !re are c>ri]s1 p\t]s1 tumbl]s1 baldheads1 be>ds1 dragoons1 b>bs1 jacob9s1 ,antw]ps1 turbits1 owls1 ori5tals1 damasc5es1 capu*9s1 fantails1 trumpet]s1 swifts1 ,lahores1 ,burmese1 ,sc&>oons1 magpies1 nuns1 ,ar*angels1 runts & s on4 ,^! birds are v diff]5t 9 appe>ance1 ! p\t]1 = example1 has ! p[] ( inflat+ 8 crop until x puffs out 9 front z l>ge z a baseball4 ,jacob9s or z !y are commonly call$1 8ruffle-necks10 h an imm5se ruffle ( fea!rs l a fea!r boa4 ,dragoons h a huge w>t on ! bill z l>ge z an almond4 ,! tumbl]s are s nam$ f _! habit ( turn+ backw>d som]saults dur+ flight4 ,almo/ e "o :o />ts keep+ dome/ic pets ei!r soon tires ( ! sport or becomes a fanci]4 ,! c>e ( common pigeons is a v simple matt]4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ is a good l(t or cote = !m 9 ! top ( a b>n or h\se4 ,!y w practically take c>e ( !mselves & aft] a few ye>s greatly increase 9 numb]s4 ,a model pigeon h\se = bre$+ fancy pigeons requires sep>ate mat+ boxes1 ne/s & o!r appliances4 ,x w\ld be impossible to make mu* ( a success ) fancy pigeons if !y are all[$ _! lib]ty to fly ab\t & mate at w4 ,! be/ ne/ boxes = pigeons are r\gh e>!nw>e pans1 eight in*es across1 :i* may be b\ght *eaply at a bird /ore4 ,! floor ( ! cote %\ld be cov]$ ) sawdu/ or gravel to ! dep? ( half an in*4 ,pigeons t are conf9$ %\ld be f$ regul>ly on a mixture ( small gra9s & crack$ corn4 ,!y %\ld also be giv5 crack$ oy/] %ells1 grit & *>coal occasionally4 ,a pigeon l(t %\ld be rat pro( & clean4 ,x is v d\btful :e!r !re is any money 9 rais+ pigeons or squabs = m>ket4 ,fanci]s nev] sell _! output = m>ket purposes unless x is to get rid ( surplus or undesirable /ock4 ,a bre$] :o is successful 9 w9n+ prizes ) birds ( 8 8/ra90 z x is call$ w f9d a ready m>ket ) o!r bre$]s = all ! birds he c>es to sell4 ,prize w9n+ birds sometimes br+ a hundr$ doll>s a pair4 ,x is by no means easy to bre$ prizew9n]s & ! *ances are t ! beg9n] w be a buy] ( /ock r ?an a sell]4 ,hom+ pigeons or z !y are commonly call$1 c>ri]s1 are n br$ = special m>k+s l fancy pigeons b because ( _! p[] & spe$ 9 flight4 ,a c>ri] has ! 8hom+0 in/9ct m fully develop$ ?an any o!r animal4 ,9 "s hom+ pigeon races1 ! birds h made spe$ records ( ov] a mile a m9ute = _m h\rs & h fl[n ov] a ?\s& miles4 ,if a well-br$ hom+ pigeon fails to return to 8 home l(t x is almo/ a c]ta9ty t he is ei!r =cibly deta9$ or t he has be5 kill$ by hunt]s or hawks4 ,nev] try to capture a pigeon t may /op = a re/ at y\r l(t4 ,he may be 9 a race & 8 own] may be wait+ = 8 return five hundr$ miles away :5 e m9ute c\nts 9 w9n+ a prize4 ,ano!r l>ge class ( birds t make f9e pets al?\gh !y are n /rictly 9 ! class ( birds br$ by ! fanci] are ! ornam5tal l& & wat] f[l4 ,! *ief objection to ^! birds z pets is ! exp5se ( buy+ !m4 ,! li/ ( birds 9 ?is class is v l>ge4 ,9 swans ! lead+ v>ieties are mute1 ,am]ican :i/l+1 black ,au/ralian1 :ite ,b]wick & black-neck$ swans4 ,! l>ge/ class are ! pheasants4 ,!y are exce$+ly beautiful1 especially ! gold51 silv]1 ,lady ,amh]/1 ,elliott1 ,reeves1 gre5 ,japanese1 ,sw9hoe1 ,engli% r+ neck1 ,melanotis1 & ,torquatis pheasants4 ,! common wild geese are ,egyptian1 ,canadian1 :ite-front$1 ,seba/opol1 sn[1 brant1 b>-head$1 sp9-w+$ & _m o!rs4 ,9 ducks1 !re are mall>ds1 black1 wood1 m&>91 blue & gre5 w+$ teal1 widgeon1 r$head1 p9-tail1 bluebill1 gadwall1 call & _m o!rs4 ,beside pheasants1 ducks & geese !re are also ! v>i\s /orks1 cranes1 pea-f[l & h]ons 9 ! 8ornam5tal f[l0 li/4 ,^! are all wild f[l4 ,! common] v>ieties w co/ f six to fifte5 doll>s a pair & ! r>e ones sev]al hundr$4 ,to keep ! semi-wild birds f fly+ away !y are usually p9ion$1 a process ( tak+ (f ! end jo9t ( "o w+4 ,! col\rs ( "s ( ! ornam5tal f[l are m beautiful ?an any birds 9 nature4 ,pheasants especially are easily c>$ = & make int]e/+ pets4 ,!y c be tam$ & if kept outdoors !y w seldom be subject to disease4 ,mo/ ( ^! birds are z easily c>$ = z *ick5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a home-made rabbit h\se ,rabbits make f9e pets = boys & girls4 ,!y are clean 9 _! habits1 h>dy & g5tle4 ,! common k9ds are :ite rabbits ) p9k eyes or alb9os1 & br[n rabbits or ,belgian h>es4 ,) rabbits also !re is a 8fancy40 ,! ,fur ,fanci]s' ,association recognizes ! foll[+ di/9ct bre$s3 ,belgians1 ,flemi% giants1 ,dut* m>k$1 ,engli%1 ,himalayan1 silv]s1 tans1 ,poli%1 lops1 & ,angoras4 ,a rabbit hut* or coop is easily built f old pack+ boxes4 ,"o ?ird ( ! coop %\ld be d>k5$ & made into a ne/1 ) an entrance door outside & ! re/ simply cov]$ ) a wire front1 also ) a door = clean+ & fe$+4 ,! hut* %\ld /& on legs above gr\nd z rabbits d n ?rive well 9 dampness4 ,!y w1 h[ev]1 live out all w9t] 9 a dry place4 ,a box f\r feet long & two feet wide w hold a pair ( rabbits nicely4 ,rabbits w become v tame & may (t5 be all[$ full lib]ty ab\t ! place if !re are no dogs to mole/ !m4 ,! draw+ %[s a /&>d type ( rabbit hut*4 ,a boy :o is h&y ) tools c easily build "o4 ,we c always dispose ( ! increase 9 our rabbit family to fri5ds or to deal]s4 ,gu9ea pigs or cavies are simil> to rabbits 9 _! requirem5ts4 ,! *ief diff]5ce is t gu9ea pigs _c /& excessive cold & w n d well if kept outside 9 sev]e w9t] wea!r4 ,rabbits & cavies w eat almo/ any?+ & eat con/antly4 ,! usual fe$ is hay1 clov]1 :eat1 corn1 c>rots1 turnips1 cabbage1 lettuce1 cel]y1 potato p>+s1 or any gre5 food or gra9s4 ,cavies are especially fond ( bread & milk4 ,! ?ree classes ( cavies are ,p]uvians or ,angoras1 ) long silky hair2 ,abyss9ians1 ) co>se hair 9 tufts or rosettes1 & ! common gu9ea pig or smoo?1 cavy4 ,a pair ( cavies w co/ ab\t two doll>s4 ,a dry airy cell> is a good place to keep !m z !y are cleanly 9 _! habits4 ,nei!r cavies nor rabbits are especially intellig5t b !y d le>n to "k _! ma/] or at lea/ ! "o :o fe$s !m4 ,pet rats & mice are 9 ! same class z rabbits b !y %\ld always h a coop t !y w n gnaw out (4 ,!re is ev5 a m\se club4 ,x is 9 ,europe & has ov] a ?\s& memb]s4 ,an int]e/+ example ( skill 9 bre$+ is se5 9 ,dut* belt$ v>ieties ( cattle1 9 hogs1 rabbits1 cavies & mice4 ,9 all ( ^! animals ! same m>k+s h be5 br$ by c>eful cross+ & selection4 ,9 all l9es ( 8fancy0 x is important to /ick to a few v>ieties4 ,we %all nev] make mu* ( a success if we h half a doz5 k9ds ( *ick5s1 pigeons or rabbits4 ,by f> ! mo/ important 8fancy0 is ) *ick5s1 b ?is subject w be consid]$ 9 ! *apt] on ! c>e ( p\ltry4 ,among o!r pets are tame squirrels1 turtles1 snakes1 liz>ds & toads4 ,a tame gray squirrel makes a spl5did pet4 ,aft] a :ile we c give our squirrel full lib]ty & f9d him back 9 8 ne/ at night4 ,i once _h a tame owl b ,i f\nd t because ( 8 habit ( fly+ & fe$+ at night he 0 a v /upid pet4 ,besides t 8 p[]ful beak & %>p claws or talons 7 dang]\s4 ,i also once _h a pair ( fly+ squirrels b !y also only appe> at night & 7 consequ5tly un9t]e/+ 9 ! daytime4 ,we mu/ always /udy ! natural habits ( our pets & try to give !m coops & food z mu* l nature z possible4 ,my fly+ squirrels 7 giv5 s(t fe$ 9 place ( ! usual h>d-%ell$ nuts4 ,consequ5tly _! tee? grew s long t !y 7 a positive de=mity4 ,we f9ally lib]at$ !m b be=e !y c\ld get to a place ( safety "o ( !m 0 caught & kill$ by a *ick54 ,! poor little creature 0 s fat f ov]fe$+ & lack ( ex]cise t he _h all b lo/ ! p[] ( us+ 8 legs4 ,coops = pets may be z elaborate z our pocketbook w all[4 ,! important ?+s to rememb] are to con/ruct a coop s t x may be clean$ easily1 & to provide pl5ty ( v5tilation4 ,x mu/ also be dry4 ,fre% air is z important = animals z = p4 ,! l>g] we c make a coop1 ! bett] x w be4 ,be c>eful n to ov]fe$ pets4 ,regul> & frequ5t meals ( j :at !y w eat up clean is bett] ?an an occasional big meal4 ,rabbits require v little wat]4 ,usually !y w obta9 en\gh moi/ure f ! gre5 food !y eat4 ,x is a mi/ake1 h[ev]1 to ?9k t wat] w kill rabbits4 ,*ange ! /raw 9 ! ne/ boxes frequ5tly4 ,:5 !y make fur ne/s d n di/urb !m4 ,= squirrels & o!r small animals1 ! coop may be made entirely ( wire except ! basebo>d1 :i* %\ld be a piece ( season$ wood4 ,be sure t !re are no %>p wire po9ts or project+ nails 9 a coop to injure ! animals4 ,! :ole secret ( tam+ wild creatures is pati5ce4 ,we mu/ try to %[ !m t we are _! fri5ds4 ,! mo/ direct way to an animal's he>t is ?r\gh 8 /oma*1 :i* is ano!r way ( say+ t ! own] %\ld p]sonally fe$ 8 own pets if he wi%es !m to "k him4 ,!re is really no reason :y a c\ntry boy or girl %\ld h any cag$ pets at all4 ,9 ! city x is diff]5t4 ,p]haps ! be/ pet = ! unnatural conditions ( city life is a can>y4 ,! real _s to develop a love = ! little creatures t inhabit our woods & fields is to feel t !y are our fri5ds r ?an t !y are prison]s4 ,by all means cultivate ! acqua9tance ( y\r 8small c\ntry neighb\rs40 ,,! ,,dog ,e boy %\ld own a dog4 ,he is ! fri5d & companion ( our y\?4 ,= a boy to gr[ up )\t a dog is to be d5i$ "o ( ! real joys ( life4 ,s5ator ,ve/ once said3 8,! "o absolute1 unselfi% fri5d t a man c h 9 ?is selfi% _w2 ! "o t nev] des]ts him1 ! "o t nev] proves ungrateful or trea*]\s is 8 dog4 ,he w sleep on ! cold gr\nd :]e ! w9try w9ds bl[ & ! sn[ drives fi]cely if only he c be ne> 8 ma/]'s side4 ,he w kiss ! h& t has no food to (f]1 he w gu>d ! sleep ( 8 paup] ma/] z if he 7 a pr9ce4 ,:5 all o!r fri5ds des]t he rema9s40 ,! bre$ makes b little diff]5ce s long z ! dog is intellig5t & k9d4 ,mix$ bre$s & mongrel dogs are (t5 ! mo/ intellig5t4 ,a ?or\ghbr$ dog w give u m satisfaction possibly ?an a mongrel because he w make a bett] appe>ance4 ,b at ! same "t1 he is f> m likely to be /ol54 ,!re are s _m bre$s to select f t x is almo/ impossible to give mu* advice4 ,z a rule1 ! dog we %all l is ! "o we c get4 ,! v heavy dogs su* z ,sa9t ,b]n>ds1 ma/iffs & great ,danes are clumsy & w require outside qu>t]s1 z !y are too bulky to h 9 ! h\se4 ,on ! o!r h& ! small toy bre$s su* z ,pom]anians1 black & tans & ,k+ ,*>les spaniels & pugs1 are too delicate to be a real boy's dog4 ,a li/ f :i* y may safely select a dog w\ld be bull t]ri]s1 ,air$ale t]ri]s1 ,scot* t]ri]s1 ,iri% t]ri]s1 cock] spaniels1 po9t]s & sett]s1 ei!r ,iri% or ,engli%4 ,?is is by no means a complete li/4 ,i pref] a sett] because my fir/ dog1 8,old ,b510 0 a sett]1 & he %>$ 9 mo/ ( my fun f ! e>lie/ recollections t ,i h4 ,:5 he di$ ,i lo/ a true fri5d4 ,x 0 ! fir/ real sorr[ ,i ev] _h4 ,a dog %\ld n sleep 9 ! same room ) 8 own]1 b %\ld h a w>m dry k5nel & be taught to reg>d x z 8 home4 ,d n make ! mi/ake ( ov]fe$+ a dog4 ,he does n ne$ ?ree meals a day4 ,"o is suffici5t1 ab\t n9e 9 ! morn+1 :5 he %\ld h all he wants to eat4 ,if y insi/ on a second meal give him a dog biscuit or a bone to gnaw on 9 ! ev5+4 ,keep y\r dog free f fleas1 9 spite ( :at ,david ,h>um says t 8a reasonable am\nt ( fleas is good = a dog1 because x keeps him f brood+ ov] be+ a dog40 ,a ?or\gh ba? ) c>bolic soap & wat] w rid a dog ( fleas1 b ?is treatm5t %\ld be repeat$ at weekly int]vals to kill ! eggs :i* hat* 9 ! meantime4 ,fre% insect p[d] or ,scot* snuff if du/$ ?or\ghly 9 a dog's coat w cause fleas to leave4 ,?is treatm5t %\ld be done out ( doors4 ,a good plan is to place ! dog on a %eet or piece ( :ite pap] & "w ! p[d] well into ! hair1 especially ar\nd 8 neck & beh9d ! e>s4 ,be c>eful n to injure 8 eyes4 ,a dog w soon recognize 8 ma/]1 & !re is no quick] way to %[ t y are 8 ma/] ?an to en=ce ob$i5ce :5 y attempt to make him m9d4 ,:e!r a :ipp+ is necess>y dep5ds on ! dog4 ,) mo/ dogs a good scold+ w be suffici5t4 ,nev] :ip a dog :5 y are angry & nev] ov]do ! matt]4 ,x is possible to 8break a dog's _s10 :i* simply means to make him afraid ( y4 ,a dog s fright5$ is ru9$ until y rega9 8 confid5ce1 a v difficult ?+ to d4 ,nev] cuff a dog ) y\r h&4 ,always use a :ip or swit*4 ,let ! :ipp+ be a def9ite c]emony ) a pla9 object 9 view4 ,"s dogs w prove to be head/rong & o!rs w try to d :atev] _! ma/] wants4 ,!re is an amaz+ diff]5ce 9 dogs & _! intellig5ce seems to h no limits4 ,a dog mu/ nev] be all[$ to annoy our neighb\rs or fri5ds4 ,"o ( ! mo/ annoy+ habits t a dog cultivates is t ( runn+ out & b>k+ at pass+ c>riages or p4 ,a few lessons 9 discipl9e e>ly 9 life w break him ( ?is habit1 b once acquir$ x is practically unbreakable4 ,ano!r v annoy+ habit is t ( all[+ a dog to put 8 paws on u4 ,we may n m9d x :5 we are dress$ 9 old clo!s b fri5ds or call]s are possibly n s consid]ate4 ,ne>ly e bad habit t a dog le>ns is usually ! fault ( ! own] r ?an ( ! dog4 ,! tra9+ ( a dog %\ld be done z a puppy4 ,!re=e we mu/ secure our dog z "y z possible4 ,9 tra9+ hunt+ dogs ! fir/ /ep is call$ 8y>d-break+40 ,) ord9>y dogs a ?or\gh c\rse 9 y>d-break+ by tea*+ ! simple comm& is all t w be necess>y4 ,fir/ ( all1 tea* y\r dog to lie d[n & come to y at call4 ,! usual ^w = ! =m] is 8*>ge40 ,a dog c be taught ?is 9 a v %ort "t4 ,take him by ! neck & back1 & at ! ^w1 =ce him to lie d[n4 ,d n use any o!r words1 or ev5 pet him4 ,simply impress on 8 m9d t :5 he he>s 8*>ge0 x means lie d[n4 ,z a rule a puppy is taught to come by snapp+ ! f+]s or by mak+ a noise ) ! lips simil> to t by :i* we urge a horse4 ,x is almo/ natural to say 8,come "h40 ,aft] a puppy le>ns to foll[ u at ! comm& 8heel 90 & to run ahead :5 we say 8g on10 we mu/ also tea* him to come :5 we :i/le4 ,mo/ boys c make a :i/le ) ! f+]s suffici5tly p5etrat+ to call a dog = a long di/ance b a small metal :i/le to c>ry 9 ! pocket is ! be/ way4 ,aft] a dog has acquir$ ! simple lessons ( tra9+ we %all f9d t he le>ns to und]/& u & to d our wi%es v quickly4 ,!re %\ld be a complete und]/&+ betwe5 a dog & 8 own]4 ,he w "k our ways & we %all "k 84 ,i h hunt$ 9 ,virg9ia ) a dog s intellig5t t m]ely by wat*+ him 8 ma/] c\ld tell :e!r he 0 on ! trail ( a rabbit1 wild turkey1 or de]4 ,= ea* k9d ( game he _h a diff]5t mann] ( b>k+ & :at is m rem>kable1 he 0 a ?or\ghly brok5 quail dog ) ! be/ 8nose0 or sc5t ,i h ev] kn[n & ( c\rse did n b>k "u ^! circum/ances4 ,su* a dog w\ld be a my/]y to any "o :o did n "k 8 ways4 ,?is dog 8,old ,doc0 w\ld hunt ) any "o on quail1 b if ! hunt] did n succe$ 9 kill+ game ! dog w\ld soon %[ 8 disapproval 9 e way1 sulk along beh9d1 & if ! poor %oot+ cont9u$1 f9ally leave = home4 ,a fri5d :o took him out told me1 8,fir/ ,i miss$ ! birds & !n ,i miss$ ! dog40 ,he _h left 9 disgu/4 ,no matt] :at bre$ our dog is we %all surely become greatly atta*$ to him & almo/ look ^u him z a fri5d r ?an z an animal4 ,a boy %\ld nev] enc\rage a dog to fight4 ,x is a cruel1 unmanly ?+ & "o t a real dog lov] w nev] d4 ,dog fight+ is a =m ( brutality second only to ty+ t9 cans & o!r ?+s to a dog's tail = ! 8fun0 ( see+ him run4 ,i once saw a poor bea/ lose 8 tail z a result ( ?is brutal joke4 ,"s "o _h ti$ a /r+ tightly ar\nd 8 tail & ! dog ran until completely exhau/$4 ,he !n kept out ( sight = a few days4 ,9 ! meantime ! /r+ caus$ 8 tail to become fe>fully sore & f9ally to fall (f4 ,c any "o see a joke 9 ?is8 ,,xi ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,*ick5s ,! be/ bre$--,good & bad po9ts ( incubators--,:at to fe$ small *icks--,a model *ick5 h\se ,a p5 ( *ick5s gives a boy or girl an opportunity = keep+ pets t h "s real value4 ,:e!r !re is mu* pr(it 9 p\ltry is a "q1 b x is at lea/ c]ta9 t ! m c>e y give !m ! bett] !y pay4 ,!re is b little diff]5ce 9 ! results obta9$ f ! v>i\s bre$s ( *ick5s1 b !re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! p :o take c>e ( !m4 ,x is v difficult to make p\ltry pay on a l>ge scale4 ,ne>ly e p\ltry f>m t has />t$ z a bus9ess has fail$ to make a success4 ,! sure/ way to make *ick5s pay is to h only a few4 ,!n ! table scraps & ! worms & we$ se$s !y c pick up w supply !m ) practically all _! fe$ & ! "t y give !m ne$ n be c\nt$ z exp5se4 ,!re are sixty or sev5ty di/9ct bre$s ( p\ltry recogniz$ by exp]t fanci]s & f ?ree to t5 col\rs or v>ieties 9 _m ( ^! bre$s4 ,new ones are be+ add$ con/antly4 ,= example1 a bre$ call$ ,orp+tons 0 rec5tly introduc$ f ,engl& & n[ has t5 v>ieties or col\rs t are 8/&>d40 ,at ! ,new ,york ,p\ltry ,%[ a record price ( #b1ejj 0 paid = ! prize-w9n+ h5 ( ?is bre$4 ,!re is a /yle 9 *ick5s z well z 9 any?+ else4 ,a new bre$ w always h a great _m admir]s at fir/1 & great claims w be made = its sup]ior qualities4 ,! p\ltrym5 :o h /ock & eggs to sell w secure high prices = _! output4 ,v soon1 h[ev]1 ! real value ( a new bre$ w be kn[n & x w be on ! same basis z ! old] bre$s4 ,a beg9n] _h bett] />t ) "s /&>d recogniz$ bre$ & leave ! exp]im5t+ to "s "o else4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta93 ?or\ghbr$s w pay bett] ?an mongrels4 ,_! eggs are ( m uni=m size & col\r1 ! /ock w be heal?y & z a rule weigh a p\nd or two m ?an birds ( unc]ta9 bre$+4 ,?or\ghbr$s d n co/ any m to fe$ or c>e = ?an ! mongrels & 9 e way are sup]ior4 ,bre$s ( p\ltry are usually divid$ into ?ree sep>ate classes1 dep5d+ on ! place :]e ! bre$ orig9at$4 ,!y are ! ,am]ican1 ,asiatic1 & ,m$it]ranean /ra9s4 ,! lead+ ,am]ican bre$ is ! b>r$ ,plym\? ,rock & = a beg9n] w probably be ! be/ to />t )4 ,ano!r v excell5t ,am]ican or g5]al purpose bre$ is ! ,:ite ,wy&otte4 ,!y are especially valuable z broil]s1 z !y make rapid gr[? :ile "y4 ,! ,leghorns are ! lead+ bre$ = eggs4 ,!y are 8non-sitt]s0 &1 be+ v active1 d n become ov]fat4 ,_! small size1 h[ev]1 makes !m poor table f[ls & = ?is reason !y are n adapt$ to g5]al use4 ,! ,asiatic type1 :i* includes ,brahmas1 ,lang%ans1 & ,co*9s1 are all clumsy1 heavy birds1 :i* make excell5t table f[l b are poor lay]s & poor =ag]s4 ,brahma roo/]s w frequ5tly weigh fifte5 p\nds & c eat corn f ! top ( a b>rel4 ,a beg9n] %\ld nev] attempt to keep m ?an "o k9d ( *ick5s4 ,to get a />t1 we mu/ ei!r buy a p5 ( birds or buy ! eggs & raise our own /ock4 ,! latt] me?od w take a ye> m ?an ! =m]1 z ! *icks we hat* ?is ye> w be our lay]s a ye> lat]4 ,sometimes a p5 ( eight or t5 f[ls c be b\ght reasonably f "s "o :o is sell+ out4 ,if we buy f a bre$] :o is 9 ! bus9ess !y w co/ ab\t five doll>s a trio ( two h5s & a roo/]4 ,! *eape/ way is to buy eggs & hat* y\r own /ock4 ,! usual price = hat*+-eggs is "o doll> = fifte5 eggs4 ,we c safely c\nt on hat*+ eight *icks f a sett+1 ( :i* f\r may be pullets4 ,!re=e we mu/ all[ fifte5 eggs = ea* f\r pullets we int5d to keep ! next ye>4 ,! surplus cock]els c be sold = en\gh to pay = ! co/ ( ! eggs4 ,if we h good luck we may hat* e egg 9 a sett+ & t5 ( !m may be pullets4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we may h only two or ?ree *icks1 :i* may all prove to be cock]els2 s ! above calculation is a fair av]age4 ,if we />t ) eggs1 we %all h to buy or r5t "s broody h5s to put on ! eggs4 ,a good plan is to arrange ) "s f>m] 9 ! neighb\rhood to take *>ge ( ! eggs & to set 8 own h5s on !m4 ,i once made su* an arrangem5t & agre$ to give him all b "o ( ! cock]els t hat*$4 ,i 0 to take all ! pullets4 ,! arrangem5t 0 mutually satisfactory & he kept & f$ ! *icks until !y 7 able to leave ! "m h5--ab\t eight weeks4 ,x is also possible to buy "o-day-old *icks = ab\t t5 or fifte5 c5ts apiece f a p\ltry deal]1 b ! safe/ way is to hat* y\r own /ock4 ,! easie/ way to make a l>ge hat* all at "o "t is ) an incubator4 ,!re are a numb] ( v excell5t makes adv]tis$ 9 ! f>m pap]s & o!r magaz9es & ! prices are q reasonable4 ,an incubator hold+ ab\t a hundr$ eggs w co/ t5 or twelve doll>s4 ,!re are _m objections to incubators :i* we c le>n only f practical exp]i5ce4 ,we %all n av]age m ?an #ej p] c5t4 hat*es z a rule4 ,t is to say1 = e hundr$ eggs we set we mu/ n c\nt on hat*+ m ?an fifty *icks4 ,incubators are a con/ant c>e4 ,! mo/ important objection to an incubator is t x is aga9/ ! rules ( mo/ fire insurance companies to all[ x to be op]at$ 9 any build+ t ! insurance policy cov]s4 ,if ! automatic heat regulator fails to "w & ! heat 9 our incubator runs up too high we may h a fire4 ,at any rate1 we %all lose our entire hat*4 ,! latt] is also true if ! lamp goes out & ! eggs become too cool4 ,i h made a great _m hat*es ) incubators ( diff]5t makes & my exp]i5ce has be5 t we mu/ wat* an incubator almo/ con/antly to h success ) x4 ,! sure way to hat* *ick5s is ) a broody h51 b at ! same "t incubators are p]fectly satisfactory if run 9 a room :]e ! temp]ature does n v>y mu* 7a cell> is ! be/ place74 ,) an incubator !re is always a temptation to attempt to raise m *ick5s ?an we c c>e = prop]ly4 ,ov]cr[d+ causes m tr\ble ?an any o!r "o ?+4 ,x is bett] to h a doz5 *ick5s well c>$ = ?an a hundr$ t are neglect$4 ,eggs = incubators w co/ ab\t five doll>s a hundr$4 ,( c\rse if !y are f prize-w9n+ /ock ! co/ w be sev]al times ?is am\nt4 ,be=e plac+ any eggs 9 an incubator x %\ld be run = two days to be sure t ! heat regulator is 9 work+ ord]4 ,! usual temp]ature = hat*+ is #ajc degrees & ! ma*9e %\ld be regulat$ = ?is temp]ature z x comes f ! factory4 ,full directions = op]at+1 z well z a !rmomet]1 w come ) ! ma*9e & %\ld be /udi$ & und]/ood be=e we beg9 to op]ate x4 ,z ! hat* progresses1 ! heat w 8run up10 z x is call$1 & we %all ne$ to und]/& h[ to regulate ! !rmo/at to correct ?is t5d5cy t[>d an increas$ temp]ature4 ,! eggs 9 an incubator mu/ be turn$ twice a day4 ,to be sure t we d ?is ?or\ghly x is cu/om>y to m>k ! eggs be=e we place !m 9 ! ma*9e4 ,! usual m>k is an 8,x0 on "o side ( ! egg & an 8,o0 on ! o!r writt5 9 lead p5cil4 ,9 plac+ ! eggs 9 ! trays we />t ) all ! 8,o0 m>ks up1 = in/ance1 & at ! "t ( ! fir/ turn+ leave all ! 8,x's0 visible1 alt]nat+ ?is twice e day4 ,9 ord] to op]ate an incubator successfully1 we %all also ne$ a brood]1 :i* is really an artificial "m4 ,!re is a /&>d make ( brood] co/+ five doll>s t w accommodate fifty *icks4 ,brood]s are v simple 9 con/ruction & c be made at home4 ,a t9smi? w h to make ! heat+ drum4 ,! re/ ( x is simply a wood5 box ) a curta9 p>tition to sep>ate ! hot room f ! fe$+ space4 ,v5tilat+ holes mu/ be provid$ = a supply ( fre% air & a box plac$ at ! bottom to prev5t a draught f bl[+ out ! lamp4 ,9 a v few days aft] we place ! *icks 9 a brood] !y %\ld be all[$ to g 9 & out at w4 ,9 a week or two we %all be able to tea* !m ! way 91 & !n by l[]+ ! plat=m to ! gr\nd = a runway we c p]mit !m to run on ! gr\nd 9 an enclos$ runway4 ,on ra9y days we mu/ %ut !m 94 ,!re is always a temptation to fe$ *icks too soon aft] !y are hat*$4 ,we %\ld always wait at lea/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs to give !m a *ance to become ?or\ghly dry4 ,! g5]al cu/om ( giv+ wet cornmeal = ! fir/ fe$ is wrong4 ,always fe$ *icks on dry food & y w avoid a great deal ( sickness4 ,an excell5t fir/ food is h>d-boil$ egg & corn bread made f cornmeal & wat] )\t salt & ?or\ghly bak$ until x may be crumbl$4 ,only fe$ a little at a "t1 b fe$ (t54 ,five times a day is none too mu* = two-week-old *icks4 ,"o successful p\ltryman ,i am acqua9t$ ) gives1 z ! fir/ fe$1 dog biscuit cru%$4 ,all ! small gra9s are good if !y are crack$ s t ! *icks c eat !m4 ,! /&>d mixture sold by p\ltry m5 "u ! "n 8*ick food0 is probably ! be/4 ,x consi/s ( crack$ :eat1 rye1 & corn1 millet se$1 p9head oatmeal1 grit1 & oy/] %ells4 ,d n fe$ meat to *icks until _! p9 fea!rs beg9 to %[1 :5 !y may h "s well-cook$ lean meat1 ?ree times a week4 ,!re is q an art 9 sett+ a h5 prop]ly4 ,!y always pref] a dry1 d>k place4 ,if we are sure t !re are no rats ar\nd1 !re is no bett] place to set a h5 ?an on ! gr\nd4 ,?is is z !y sit 9 nature & x usually seems to be ! case t a h5 t /eals h] ne/ w br+ out m *icks ?an "o t we h coddl$4 ,eggs t we are sav+ = hat*+ %\ld be kept 9 a cool place b nev] all[$ to freeze4 ,!y %\ld be turn$ e day until !y are set4 ,h5s' eggs w hat* 9 ab\t tw5ty-"o days4 ,! eggs t h fail$ to hat* at ?is "t may be disc>d$4 ,:5 we move a broody h5 we mu/ be sure t %e w /ay on h] new ne/ be=e we give h] any eggs4 ,te/ h] ) a *9a egg or a doorknob4 ,if %e /ays on = two nights we may safely give h] ! sett+4 ,x is always bett] :5 conv5i5t to set a h5 :]e %e fir/ makes h] ne/4 ,if %e mu/ be mov$1 d x at night ) z little di/urbance z possible4 ,x is always a good plan to %ut 9 a sitt+ h5 & let h] out once a day = fe$ & ex]cise4 ,d n worry if 9 y\r judgm5t %e rema9s (f ! ne/ too long4 ,! eggs require cool+ to develop ! air *amb] prop]ly1 & z a rule ! h5 kn[s be/4 ,"y *ick5s are subject to a great _m diseases1 b if !y are kept dry & w>m1 & if !y h dry food1 mo/ ( ! tr\bles may be avoid$4 ,) all p\ltry1 lice are a great pe/4 ,old f[ls c du/ !mselves & 9 a measure keep ! pe/ 9 *eck1 b little *icks are comp>atively helpless4 ,! big gray lice w be f\nd on a *ick's neck ne> ! head4 ,! rem$y = ?is is to grease ! fea!rs ) vasel9e on ! head & neck4 ,! small :ite lice c be controll$ by du/+ ! *icks ) insect p[d] & by keep+ ! brood] absolutely clean4 ,a weekly coat ( :itewa% to :i* "s c>bolic acid has be5 add$ w keep lice 9 *eck 9 p\ltry h\ses & is an excell5t plan4 ,h5-hat*$ *icks are usually m subject to lice ?an ^? hat*$ ,9 incubators & rais$ 9 brood]s1 z !y become infect$ f ! "m4 ,"s p say t *icks h lice on !m :5 !y are hat*$1 b ?is is n s4 ,! fir/ two weeks ( a *ick's life are ! important "t4 ,if !y are *ill$ or neglect$ !y nev] get ov] x1 b w develop into weakl+s4 ,!re are _m rules & rem$ies = doctor+ sick *ick5s1 b ! be/ way is to kill !m4 ,?is is especially s 9 cases ( r\p or colds4 ,! =m] is a v contagi\s disease & unless *eck$ may kill an entire p5 ( *ick5s4 ,a man :o raises #be1jjj *ick5s annually once told me t 8! be/ m$ic9e = a sick *ick5 is ! axe40 ,a v l[ f5ce w hold small *icks f /ray+ away1 b x mu/ be absolutely tight at ! bottom1 z a v small op5+ w all[ !m to get ?r\gh4 ,avoid all corn]s or places :]e !y c be caught fa/4 ,! me% ( a wire f5ce mu/ be f9e4 ,ord9>y *ick5 wire w n d4 ,illu/ration3 ,a home-made *ick5 coop built on ! 8scrat*+-%$0 plan ,a brood] t w accommodate fifty *icks com=tably = eight weeks w be entirely too small ev5 = half t numb] aft] !y beg9 to gr[4 ,z soon z !y c get along )\t artificial heat1 ! *ick5s %\ld be mov$ to a colony h\se & giv5 free range4 ,!y w soon le>n to roo/ & to f9d _! way 9 & out ( _! new home1 especially if we move away ! old "o :]e !y _c f9d x4 ,a *ick5 coop = gr[n f[ls c be ( almo/ any %ape1 size1 or mat]ial1 provid+ t we d n cr[d x to m ?an its prop] capacity4 ,! important ?+ is to h a coop t is dry1 easily clean$ & ) good v5tilation1 b )\t cracks to admit draughts4 ,a roo/ made ( two by f\r timb]s set on edge ) ! %>p corn]s r\nd$ (f is bett] ?an a r\nd p]*4 ,no matt] h[ _m roo/s we provide1 our *ick5s w always fight & qu>rel to occupy ! top "o4 ,"u ! roo/ build a movable bo>d or %elf :i* may easily be tak5 out & clean$4 ,place ! ne/ boxes "u ?is bo>d1 close to ! gr\nd4 ,"o ne/ = f\r h5s is a fair all[ance4 ,h5s pref] to ne/ 9 a d>k place if possible4 ,a mod]n1 up-to-date coop %\ld h a w>m1 w9dpro( sleep+ room & an outside scrat*+ %$4 ,a sleep+ room %\ld be provid$ ) a w9d[ on ! s\? side & rea*+ ne>ly to ! floor4 ,a hotb$ sa% is excell5t = ?is purpose4 ,! runway or y>d %\ld be z l>ge z our purse w p]mit4 ,9 ?is y>d plant a plum tree = %ade4 ,! *ick5s w keep ! plum trees free f ! 8curculio10 a small beetle :i* is ! pr9cipal insect pe/ ( ?is fruit4 ,?is beetle is sometimes call$ 8! little ,turk0 because he makes a m>k on a plum t resembles ! 8/> & cresc5t0 ( ! ,turki% flag4 ,:e!r we c make our p\ltry pay = ! tr\ble & exp5se ( keep+ !m w dep5d on ! "q ( w9t] eggs4 ,x is contr>y to ! natural habits ( *ick5s to lay 9 w9t]1 & if left to !mselves !y w practically /op lay+ :5 !y beg9 to m\lt or %$ _! fea!rs 9 ! fall1 & w n beg9 aga9 until ! w>m days ( spr+4 ,:5 eggs are sc>ce x w be a great treat to be able to h our own supply in/ead ( pay+ a high price at ! groc]'s4 ,! fact t x is possible to get really fre% eggs 9 midw9t] %[s t ) ! prop] c>e h5s w lay4 ,! av]age f>m h5 does n lay m ?an eighty eggs a ye>1 :i* is h>dly en\gh to pay = h] fe$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 at an egg-lay+ conte/ held 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ! prize-w9n+ p5 made a record ( #bij eggs p] ye> = ea* h54 ,?is 0 all due to bett] c>e & prop] fe$4 ,! birds 7 heal?y pullets to beg9 )1 !y _h w>m food & w>m dr9k+ wat] ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 _! coop 0 a bright1 clean1 dry place ) an outside scrat*+ %$4 ,! gra9 0 f$ 9 a deep litt] ( /raw to make !m "w to get x & ?us to obta9 ! necess>y ex]cise to keep d[n fat4 ,! birds 9 ?is conte/ 7 all hat*$ e>ly 9 ,m>* & 7 all ?r\gh ! m\lt be=e ! cold wea!r came4 ,mo/ ( ! adv]tis$ p\ltry fe$s = w9t] eggs are a sw9dle4 ,if we give ! birds prop] c>e we %all n require any drugs4 ,x is an excell5t plan to give un?re%$ /raw to p\ltry 9 w9t]4 ,!y w "w to obta9 ! gra9 & be kept busy4 ,! usual quantity ( gra9 = p\ltry is at ! rate ( a qu>t ( corn or :eat to ea* fifte5 h5s4 ,a /&>d w9t] ration is ! s call$ hot bran ma%4 ,?is is made f :eat bran1 clov] meal1 & ei!r cut bone or meat scraps4 ,x w be necess>y to fe$ ?is 9 a hopp] to avoid wa/e & x %\ld be giv5 at night j be=e ! birds g to roo/1 ) ! gra9 ration 9 ! morn+1 :i* w keep !m scrat*+ all day4 ,always keep "s grit & oy/] %ells :]e ! *ick5s c get x2 also fe$ a little *>coal occasionally4 ,a du/ ba? = ! h5s w be appreciat$ 9 w9t] :5 ! gr\nd is froz54 ,s9k a soap box 9 a corn] ( ! p5 & %elt]$ f ra9 or sn[ & fill x ) dry road du/4 ,h an extra supply to fill up ! box f "t to "t4 ,! be/ place = a *ick5 h\se is on a s&y hillside ) a s\!rn slope4 ,a heavy clay soil ) poor dra9age is v bad4 ,six-foot *ick5 wire w be high en\gh to enclose ! run4 ,if any ( ! *ick5s p]si/ 9 fly+ out we mu/ clip ! flight fea!rs ( _! w+s 7"o w+1 n bo?74 ,d n put a top bo>d on ! run4 ,if a *ick5 does n see some?+ to fly to1 x w seldom attempt to g ov] a f5ce1 ev5 if x is q l[4 ,x is mu* bett] to all[ *ick5s full lib]ty if !y d n ru9 our g>d5 or fl[] b$s or p]si/ 9 lay+ 9 out ( ! way places :]e ! eggs _c be f\nd4 ,,xii ,,w9t] ,,sports ,:at to we>--,skat+--,ski+--,sn[%oe+--,hockey ,if "o is =tunate en\gh to live 9 a "p ( ! c\ntry :]e !y h old-fa%ion$ w9t]s1 ! possibilities = outdoor sports are v great & ! cold wea!r may be made ! be/ "p ( ! ye> = heal?ful outdoor ex]cise4 ,to enjoy w9t] recreations prop]ly we mu/ h prop] clo?+4 ,an ord9>y ov]coat is v mu* out ( place1 except possibly = sleigh+4 ,! regulation co/ume = almo/ any outdoor sport 9 w9t] is a w>m coat1 a heavy sweat]1 wooll5 tr\s]s & /ock+s1 & /\t lea!r %oes4 ,if 9 addition we h wooll5 gloves or mitt5s & a wooll5 skat+ cap or toque1 we %all be enabl$ to brave ! colde/ k9d ( wea!r1 provid$ ( c\rse t we h w>m wooll5 und]we>4 ,v>i\s modifications 9 ?is co/ume su* z high hunt+ boots1 or legg+s & a flannel %irt worn "u ! sweat] are possible4 ,9 ! f> ,nor?1 ! univ]sal w9t] footwe> is moccas9s4 ,we mu/ be c>eful n to dress too w>mly :5 we expect to indulge 9 viol5t ex]cise4 ,excessive clo?+ w r5d] u m liable to a sudd5 *eck ( p]spiration1 a consequ5t clos+ ( ! pores & a result+ cold4 ,rubb] boots or ov]%oes are v bad if worn con/antly4 ,! rubb]1 be+ wat]pro(1 holds 9 ! p]spiration & we (t5 f9d our /ock+s damp ev5 :5 ! walk+ is dry4 ,rubb] boots also make our feet t5d] & cause cold feet4 ,tight %oes are also bad = ! reason t !y *eck circulation4 ,! be/ footwe> = a boy :o lives 9 ! c\ntry w be ,indian moccas9s or %oepacs worn ) sev]al pairs ( lumb]m5's wooll5 /ock+s4 ,su* footwe> w\ld n d = skat+1 z !y h no soles1 b = outdoor tramp+ 9 ! sn[ !y are j ! ?+4 ,no lea!r is ?or\ghly wat]pro( aga9/ sn[ wat]1 b by frequ5t greas+ ) mutton tall[1 neatsfoot oil or vasel9e1 %oes c be kept s(t & practically wat]pro( z long z ! soles & upp]s are 9 good condition4 ,illu/ration3 ,a %oepac ,9 all w9t] sports1 especially 9 ,canada1 ! cu/om is to we> gaily col\r$ goods4 ,a mack9aw jacket made f ! same mat]ial z a blanket1 ) v prom95t /ripes or plaids1 is (t5 worn4 ,closely wov5 goods are bett] ?an a ?ick] loose weave z !y are light]1 w>m]1 & m wat]pro(4 ,*ief among w9t] sports is skat+4 ,!re is no heal?i] recreation1 provid$ t ! ice is safe4 ,ev5 9 ! colde/ wea!r ) ! ice a foot ?ick or m we mu/ always be sure to be on ! look\t = air-holes or ?9 places ov] spr+s4 ,x is said t ice an in* ?ick w hold ! weight ( a man1 b x is bett] to be sure ?an to be sorry1 & ?ree or f\r in*es are mu* saf]4 ,illu/ration3 ,! club skate model ,a few ye>s ago ! height ( ! skat]'s art 0 s call$ 8fancy or figure0 skat+1 b rec5tly ! t5d5cy has be5 = spe$ r ?an = grace & ! old-fa%ion$ club skates h be5 replac$ by rac+ or hockey skates ) mu* long] runn]s4 ,fancy skat+ = prizes is gov]n$ by rules j z any o!r game or sport4 ,! conte/ants d n attempt figures ( _! own inv5tion b /rive to excel 9 ! s call$ 8compulsory0 figures4 ,a fancy skat] c practise f diagrams & directions j z "o might practise moves 9 a game ( *ess4 ,9 pr9t$ directions = fancy skat+ ! foll[+ abbreviations are us$ = ! /rokes3 ,r--"r ,l--left ,f--=w>d ,b--backw>d ,o--outside ,i--inside ,t--?ree ,,lp--loop ,b--bracket ,,rc--rock] ,c--c\nt] ,suppos+ ! figure to be execut$ to be ! well kn[n 8figure eight40 ,x w\ld be describ$ z foll[s3 ,r-,f-,o ,l-,f-,o4 ,r-,f-,i ,l-,f-,i4 ,r-,b-,o ,l-,b-,o4 ,r-,b-,i ,l-,b-,i4 ,by ref]r+ to ! above table ! skat] c easily det]m9e j :at /rokes are necess>y to produce ! figure prop]ly4 ,rac+ skates %\ld be atta*$ to %oes ( special design ei!r by screws or rivets4 ,! mo/ important ?+ is to h ! blades c>efully gr\nd by an exp]t4 ,!y %\ld be ke5 en\gh to cut a hair4 ,to become a fa/ skat]1 practise if possible ) an exp]t4 ,h him skate ahead ( y & measure y\r /roke ) 84 ,by keep+ y\r h&s clasp$ beh9d y\r back y\r balance w n only be greatly improv$ b y\r endurance w be d\bl$4 ,! spr9t+ /roke is a direct glide ahead ) ! foot /raight4 ,a tra9$ skat] c g v long di/ances ) v little fatigue b "o mu/ c>efully measure 8 spe$ to ! di/ance to be travell$4 ,:5 y c cov] a measur$ mile 9 ?ree & "o-half m9utes y may consid] y\rself 9 ! class ( fa/ skat]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a hockey skate ,hockey skates are some:at %ort] ?an rac+ skates al?\gh built on ! same g5]al l9es1 ! /&>d l5g? be+ f n9e & "o-half to elev5 & "o-half in*es4 ,hockey is "o ( ! be/ w9t] games ei!r outdoors or 9 a r9k4 ,! game ( %9ney or 8b&y0 z x is call$ 9 ,engl& has be5 modifi$ 9 ?is c\ntry by sub/itut+ a flat piece ( rubb] weigh+ a p\nd call$ a 8puck0 = ! india rubb] lacrosse ball1 :i* weighs b f\r ounces4 ,! be/ hockey /icks are made ( ,canadian rock elm4 ,! :ole idea ( hockey is to %oot ! puck ?r\gh y\r oppon5ts' goal & to prev5t !m f %oot+ x ?r\gh y\rs4 ,9 practice almo/ any numb] c play hockey & h pl5ty ( ex]cise4 ,! less exp]i5c$ play]s %\ld :5 secur+ ! puck always %oot x z quickly z possible to a m exp]i5c$ play] on _! own side to attempt %oot+ ! goal4 ,skilful pass+ is ! mo/ important bran* ( hockey & consequ5tly good team "w is absolutely ess5tial to success4 ,illu/ration3 ,! hockey play]'s co/ume ,a regulation hockey team consi/ ( sev5 play]s call$ goal1 po9t1 cov] po9t1 "r c5tre1 left c5tre1 "r w+1 left w+4 ,! position ( goal t5d] is ! mo/ difficult to acquire skill 94 ,he /&s directly 9 front ( ! goal & is expect$ to /op ! puck ) h&s1 feet1 & body4 ,:ile ! position ( goal does n involve mu* skat+1 a goal t5d] %\ld also be a good skat]4 ,8 position requires m n]ve & cool-head$ness ?an any o!r position on ! team because ! f9al responsibility ( all goals scor$ aga9/ 8 team is up to him4 ,8 position is l>gely a def5sive "o & 8 "w at times v sev]e4 ,! goal keep] mu/ v r>ely leave 8 position b mu/ dep5d ^u ! two o!r def5sive m5 ! 8po9t0 & 8cov] po9t0 to /op ! puck :5 x away f ! direct l9e ( ! goal4 ,! def5sive m5 on a hockey team %\ld n by any /rategy or coax+ on ! "p ( _! oppon5ts all[ !mselves to leave _! own goal unprotect$4 ,! =w>ds h mo/ ( ! "w ( %oot+ goals & advanc+ ! puck4 ,( c\rse su* a man mu/ be v active & a good all r\nd play]4 ,hockey is a poor game 9 :i* to display gr&-/& play+4 ,! play]'s :ole idea %\ld be to %oot ! puck s t ei!r he or "s memb] ( 8 team may score a goal4 ,! rules ( hockey are comp>atively few & simple4 ,! game consi/s ( two tw5ty-m9ute halves ) a t5-m9ute int]mission betwe54 ,9 case ( a tie at ! end ( a game x is cu/om>y to cont9ue until "o side secures a majority ( ! po9ts4 ,a /&>d r9k mu/ be at lea/ "o hundr$ & twelve feet long by fifty-eight feet wide4 ,nets are six feet wide & f\r feet high4 ,"o ( ! mo/ excit+ ( w9t] sports is skate sail+4 ,! same pr9ciples t are appli$ to sail+ a boat are br\ght into play 9 sail+ ) skates4 ,:ile consid]able skill is necess>y to h&le a skate sail well1 any "o :o is a good skat] w soon acquire x4 ,! direction t y g is det]m9$ by ! angle at :i* ! sail is held4 ,:5 y wi% to turn ar\nd or /op y simply %ift its position until y run dead into ! w9d4 ,a skate sail %\ld be light & /rong4 ,a limit ( five p\nds' weight is all t is necess>y4 ,! sail is a v simple device4 ,!re are a great _m k9ds b "o ( ! simple/ is made f a ,t-%ap$ frame ( bamboo ) a ,v-%ap$ piece ( canvas or balloon silk sew$ or wir$ to ! frame4 ,! be/ skate sails are made ) a jo9t$ frame l a fi%+ rod s t !y may be tak5 ap>t & easily c>ri$4 ,:ile an exp]t c h&le a sail eight or t5 feet wide & twelve feet high x is bett] = ! beg9n] to />t ) "o mu* small]4 ,! con/ruction ( ! sail & ! me?od ( hold+ x are %[n 9 ! diagram4 ,illu/ration3 ,a skate sail ,sn[%oe+ is ano!r w9t] sport t w furni% a great deal ( pleasure & w enable u to be outdoors :5 our less =tunate fri5ds may be coop$ up 9 ! h\se4 ,!re are a numb] ( /&>d %apes 9 sn[%oes1 b probably ! 8,canadian0 model w be f\nd to be ! mo/ satisfactory g5]ally4 ,sn[%oes %\ld be f tw5ty-f\r to =ty-f\r in*es long dep5d+ on ! weight to be c>ri$4 ,9 ord] to enjoy sn[%oe+ we mu/ use moccas9s4 ,! prop] me?od ( atta*+ ! sn[%oes is cle>ly %[n 9 ! diagrams4 ,! beg9n] w f9d t sn[%oe+ is a v simple art to acquire1 be+ f> less difficult ?an skat+ & ) f> less dang] ( hav+ a bad fall4 ,illu/ration3 ,f\r types ( sn[%oes ,! sport ( 8ski-runn+0 or ski+ is practis$ m g5]ally abroad ?an 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,a numb] ( w9t] resorts owe _! popul>ity l>gely to ?is sport4 ,skis are simply long flat pieces ( wood fa/5$ or /rapp$ to ! %oes4 ,! be/ type are ! s call$ 8,norway0 patt]n4 ,v>i\s l5g?s are us$ f f\r to eight or n9e feet long1 b = a beg9n] ! %ort] ones w be bett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,to ?r[ ! lumb]man's hit*1 />t ?is way ,illu/ration3 ,!n across ! toe ) bo? ends & "u ! loop ,ski-runn+ is simply coa/+ d[n /eep incl9es on ! sn[ ) ! skis us$ 9 mu* ! same way z a sl$4 ,! long] !y are ! great] ! spe$ obta9$1 b ! long] ones are also correspond+ly h>d to manage4 ,illu/ration3 ,draw ! ends tightly =w>d to fa/5 d[n ! toe ,illu/ration3 ,!n tie ! ends toge!r 9 a b[ knot back ( ! heel ,9 ,norway & ,sw$5 skis are made to ord] j z we might be measur$ = suits ( clo!s4 ,! !ory is t ! prop] l5g? ( ski w be su* t ! us]1 c1 :5 /&+ erect & rea*+ above 8 head1 j crook 8 =ef+] ov] x z x /&s upright4 ,ski %oes %\ld be /rong1 ) well block$ toes4 ,a pair ( heavy s*ool %oes are j ! ?+ if well made4 ,illu/ration3 ,! /raps ov] ! toe rema9 buckl$ ,illu/ration3 ,?is is ! 8?ong0 hit* b x is n z good z ! lumb]man's hit* ,to le>n ski+ we %\ld select ! slope ( a hill n v /eep & ) no dang]\s rocks or snags to run f\l (4 ,! be/ sn[ conditions are usually f\nd two or ?ree days aft] x has fall54 ,fre% sn[ is too light to (f] good ski+ & sn[ ) a cru/ is also bad4 ,9 runn+ ) skis on ! level gr\nd a long1 sweep+ /ride is us$ some:at aft] ! fa%ion ( skat+4 ,! /rokes %\ld be made j z long z possible1 & ! skis kept close toge!r4 ,9 go+ up an incl9e ! t5d5cy to slip backw>d is ov]come by rais+ ! toe ( ! ski slightly & br++ ! heel d[n %>ply4 ,"o foot %\ld be firmly implant$ be=e ! o!r is mov$4 ,9 go+ up a /eep hill a zigzag c\rse w be necess>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,front & side view ( a ski ,z an aid 9 ski-runn+ x is cu/om>y to employ a pair ( ski poles1 :i* are fa/5$ to ! wri/ by lea!r ?ongs4 ,!y are usually made ( bamboo or o!r light mat]ial ) a wick] disk ne> ! end to keep ! pole f s9k+ into ! s(t sn[4 ,ski poles %\ld nev] be us$ 9 attempt+ a jump1 z "u ^! circum/ances !y might be v dang]\s4 ,ski coa/+ is ! sport t mo/ boys w be int]e/$ 94 ,to make a desc5t1 beg9 at ! top ( a hill z "o w\ld 9 coa/+ ) a sl$ & lean well =w>d ) ! skis p>allel & ) "o foot slightly ahead ( ! o!r4 ,! knees %\ld be b5t & ! body rigid4 ,! weight %\ld be borne by ! ball ( ! foot t is beh9d4 ,z ! />t =w>d beg9s1 ! impulse w be to lean back1 b ?is ,impulse mu/ be ov]come or y w take a tumble 9 ! sn[ z y ga9 spe$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ski pole ,9 jump+ ) skis an abrupt drop is necess>y4 ,= ! beg9n] a few in*es is suffici5t4 ,! />t is made by coa/+ d[n an incl9e1 & j be=e ! take-(f is rea*$1 ! runn] assumes a cr\*+ attitude & !n /raight5s up quickly1 ma9ta9+ an erect attitude until he is ab\t to l&1 :51 z 9 jump+1 ! knees are b5t slightly to break ! =ce ( l&+4 ,dur+ ! flight ! skis %\ld be kept p]fectly p>allel b droop+ slightly beh9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,excit+ ,sport ( ,ski-,runn+ ,! v>i\s =ms ( coa/+ ) toboggan sl$s & bobsl$s are all well kn[n to boys :o live :]e !re are sn[ & hills4 ,a sl$ c be /e]$ ei!r by dragg+ ! foot or by %ift+ ! sl$ ) ! h&s4 ,sl$s ) flexible runn]s h rec5tly be5 introduc$ & are a great improvem5t on ! old type4 ,"o bran* ( c>p5t] "w t ne>ly all boys attempt at "s "t 9 _! lives is to make a bobsl$ or d\ble runn]1 :i* is a pair ( sl$s fa/5$ on ei!r end ( a bo>d long en\gh to hold f ?ree to tw5ty or ?irty p4 ,illu/ration3 ,a bobsl$ or d\ble runn] ,coa/+1 especially ) a bob1 is some:at dang]\s sport1 especially 9 cities or :]e ! turns are %>p & !re is dang] ( upsett+4 ,a good bob is broad betwe5 ! runn]s & l[ to ! gr\nd4 ,! draw+ %[s "o t almo/ any boy c make at little co/4 ,v>i\s devices are us$ z brakes on a bob4 ,mo/ ( !m are f\nd to be out ( ord] or froz5 :5 ! "t comes to use !m4 ,a brake t is made f a piece ( iron b5t 9 an angle & fa/5$ to ! side ( ! runn]s on ! re> sl$ is ! be/ arrangem5t to h4 ,a bobsl$ %\ld n co/ ov] t5 doll>s complete ) /e]+ :eel1 bell1 & necess>y iron "w1 :i* %\ld be made at ! blacksmi?'s4 ,,xiii ,,horseman%ip ,h[ to become a good rid]--,! c>e ( a horse--,saddles ,s _m bran*es ( outdoor sport dep5d on a k ( horseman%ip t e boy or girl :o has ! opportunity %\ld le>n to ride horseback4 ,:5 once acquir$1 we %all nev] =get x4 ,! fir/ few lessons w make u feel disc\rag$1 because ! jolt+ & j>r+ e "o receives 9 le>n+ to ride almo/ make x appe> t we c nev] acquire ! knack1 b rememb] t ev5 ! c[boy has _h to g ?r\gh ! same exp]i5ce4 ,a beg9n] %\ld only ride a g5tle horse4 ,9 case we d take a tumble1 x is well to take our fir/ lesson on s(t gr\nd or 9 a tanb>k r+4 ,!re are ?ree types ( saddles g5]ally us$3 ,! ,engli% saddle is simply a lea!r seat ) /irrups1 & :ile x is ! mo/ ref9$ type & ! "o us$ = fox hunt+ & all exp]t rid+ 9 ,engl&1 x is n ! be/ k9d to le>n on4 ,! army saddle & ! ,mexican or c[boy saddle ) a pommel or box-/irrups are f> saf] & less exp5sive4 ,if y "k ( a deal] 9 second-h& army equipm5ts y c buy a saddle & bridle ( excell5t mat]ial at less ?an half ! retail price ( ! /ores4 ,illu/ration3 ,mexican saddle1 ,army saddle1 ,engli% saddle ,be=e m\nt+ y\r horse always exam9e c>efully y\r saddle & bridle to see t ! gir?s are tight1 t ! bridle is prop]ly buckl$1 & ! /irrups are ! prop] l5g?4 ,! latt] is sometimes det]m9$ by plac+ ! /irrup "u ! armpits & t\*+ ! saddle ) ! f+] tips4 ,a m accurate way is to h ! /raps adju/$ aft] y are 9 ! saddle4 ,a beg9n] w pref] a %ort /irrup1 b x is a bad habit to acquire4 ,9 m\nt+1 /& on ! left side & place ! left foot 9 ! /irrup4 ,sw+ ! "r leg ov] ! horse & f9d ! "r /irrup ) ! toe j z quickly z possible4 ,d n j]k a re/less horse or o!rwise betray y\r excitem5t if he />ts4 ,let him see by y\r calmness t he too %\ld be calm4 ,s mu* dep5ds on ! k9d ( horse y are rid+ t x w be difficult to say j h[ to h&le him4 ,a horse t is 8bridle wise0 is n guid$ 9 ! cu/om>y way2 t is1 by pull+ on ! re9 on ! side y wi% him to turn z "o does 9 driv+4 ,a bridle-wise horse is guid$ by press+ ! opposite re9 aga9/ 8 neck4 ,su* a horse is mu* easi] to h&le on horseback & we %\ld try to tea* our horse ?is me?od z soon z possible4 ,!re is v close und]/&+ betwe5 a horse & rid] t does n exi/ :5 a horse is driv5 to a c>riage4 ,a horse c be guid$ simply by ! leg pressure or spur4 ,! prop] seat is well back 9 ! saddle ) ! toe po9t+ almo/ /raight ahead4 ,9 ord] to le>n to ride quickly we mu/ ov]come any /ra9 or t5sion ( our muscles & try to be flexible above ! wai/4 ,9 ?is way we soon accommodate our own motion to t ( ! horse4 ,! mo/ difficult gait to ride is ! trot4 ,!re are two di/9ct /yles ( rid+--to trot 9 ,engli% /yle ( tread+ ! /irrups1 :i* necessitates ris+ f ! saddle at e /ep ( ! horse1 & ! army /yle ( simply sitt+ back 9 ! saddle & tak+ ! j\nc+4 ,ei!r me?od w prove v difficult = ! beg9n]4 ,a p>tial tread+ or eas+ up b n z extreme z ! ,engli% /yle w probably be ! be/ to acquire4 ,s mu* dep5ds ^u ! gait ( a horse t we le>n to ride "s horses 9 a v few days1 & w\ld be sev]al times z long ) "s o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,! wrong way to m\nt a horse--fac+ =w>d ,a horse t habitually /umbles is v dang]\s4 ,we mu/ be sure our saddle horse is sure foot$4 ,9 us+ ,engli% /irrups nev] p]mit ! foot to g ?r\gh ! /irrup & re/ on ! ball4 ,! toes %\ld be 9 su* a position t ! /irrups c be kick$ (f at an in/ant's notice 9 case ! horse falls ) u4 ,illu/ration3 ,! "r way to m\nt--fac+ t[>d 8 tail ,9 ty+ a saddle horse 9 ! /able = fe$+ or re/ always loos5 ! gir? & ?r[ ! /irrups ov] ! saddle4 ,a saddle horse %\ld always be spok5 to g5tly b firmly4 ,! horse c tell by y\r voice :5 y are afraid ( him4 ,! cant] is ! ideal gait4 ,aft] we once le>n x1 ! motion ( a good saddle horse is almo/ l a rock+ *air & rid+ becomes "o ( ! mo/ delightful ( outdoor pa/imes4 ,! boy :o expects to g on an ext5d$ trip 9 ! saddle %\ld le>n to c>e = a horse himself4 ,a horse %\ld nev] be f$ or wat]$ :5 he is w>m unless we cont9ue to drive him imm$iately aft]w>d4 ,neglect ( ?is precaution may cause 8f\nd]+10 :i* has ru9$ _m a f9e horse4 ,! art ( pack+ a horse is "o :i* e "o 9 m\nta9 c\ntries away f railroads %\ld und]/&4 ,pack+ a horse simply means ty+ a load ov] 8 back4 ,!re are a great _m hit*es us$ = ?is purpose by ,we/]n m\nta9e]s1 b ! celebrat$ diamond hit* w answ] mo/ purposes4 ,hunt+ & /eeple*as+1 leap+ f5ces & dit*es1 are ! highe/ art ( horseman%ip4 ,x is difficult to tea* an old horse to be a hunt]1 b ) a "y "o y c soon get him to take a l[ ob/acle or n>r[ dit*1 & by gradually increas+ ! di/ance make a jump] ( him4 ,illu/ration3 ,jump+ f5ces is ! highe/ art ( horseman%ip ,! popul>ity ( automobiles has caus$ ! pres5t g5]ation p>tially to lose int]e/ 9 horsefle%1 b no automobile ev] made w furni% ! real bond ( fri5d%ip :i* exi/s betwe5 a boy & 8 horse1 or w be a sub/itute = ! pleasure t comes f a /iff cant] on ! back ( our fri5d & companion4 ,we d n really ne$ an exp5sive horse4 ,a typical ,we/]n or polo pony is j ! ?+ = a boy or girl provid$ t x has no vici\s or undesirable traits su* z kick+1 buck+1 or /umbl+1 or is uns\nd or lame4 ,x is always bett] if possible to buy a horse f a reliable deal] or a private own]4 ,!re is a great deal ( di%one/y 9 horse trad+ & an hone/ sell] :o has no?+ to conceal %\ld be will+ to grant a fair trial ( a week or m4 ,to enjoy our horse to ! fulle/ ext5t we %\ld take entire c>e ( him ourselves4 ,he %\ld be f$ & wat]$ regul>ly & groom$ e morn+ until 8 coat %9es4 ,if we neglect a horse & all[ 8 coat to become r\gh x is almo/ z bad z to neglect fe$+ him4 ,nev] tru/ ! c>e ( y\r horse too mu* to ano!r4 ,ev5 if y keep him 9 a public /able or h a man ( y\r own to c>e = him1 x is well to let !m see t y are int]e/$ 9 giv+ y\r horse close p]sonal att5tion4 ,,xiv ,,h[ ,,to ,,swim ,,& ,,to ,,canoe ,! rac+ /rokes--,paddl+ & sail+ canoes ,x has be5 said t ! human be+ is ! only animal t does n "k in/9ctively h[ to swim )\t ! necessity ( be+ taught4 ,if we take a dog or a horse or ev5 a m\se & sudd5ly place x 9 ! wat] x w imm$iately beg9 to swim1 ev5 ?\gh x has nev] se5 a body ( wat] l>g] ?an ! s\rce f :i* x obta9s its dr9k4 ,) a man or boy x is diff]5t1 = ! reason t ) all ! o!r animals ! motions necess>y to swim are ^? by :i* !y walk or run2 ) a human be+ x is entirely an acquir$ /roke4 ,aft] "o becomes an exp]t swimm] he w f9d t he c keep afloat or at lea/ keep 8 head above wat]1 :i* is all !re is to swimm+ anyway1 by almo/ any k9d ( a motion4 ,by a little practice we c le>n to swim 8no h&s10 8no feet10 8"o h& & "o foot10 by all sorts ( twi/s & squirms & 9 fact to propel ourselves by a simple motion ( ! toes4 ,! fir/ /roke t a self-taught small boy le>ns is :at is call$ 8dog fa%ion$40 ,?is "n accurately describes ! /roke1 z x is 9 reality v simil> to ! motions by :i* a dog swims4 ,no am\nt ( book in/ruction c tea* a p]son to swim1 b a cle> idea ( ! be/ g5]al /rokes w be ( great assi/ance4 ,swimm+ is probably ! be/ g5]al ex]cise among a?letic sports4 ,practically e important muscle 9 ! body is br\ght into play1 & measurem5ts %[ t swimm]s h ! mo/ uni=m muscul> developm5t ( any class ( a?letes4 ,aft] we le>n to swim1 ! di/ance t we are capable ( go+ is l>gely dep5d5t ^u our physical /r5g?4 ,almo/ any man c swim a mile if he beg9s sl[ly & ) ! same reg>d = cons]v+ 8 /r5g? t a runn] w\ld h 9 attempt+ a mile run4 ,illu/ration3 ,swimm+ is ,"o ( ! ,be/ ,outdoor ,sports 7,photograph by ,a4,r4 ,dugmore7 ,h[ev] skillful "o is z a swimm]1 a prop] respect = ! dang]s ( ! sport %\ld always be pres5t4 ,to take unnecess>y risks1 su* z swimm+ alone f> beyond rea* ( help or jump+ & div+ f high places into wat] ( unc]ta9 dep? is n brav]y2 x is simply foolh>d9ess4 ,a good swimm] is a c>eful swimm] always4 ,! beg9n] mu/ fir/ ( all try to ov]come 8 natural fe> ( ! wat]4 ,?is is mu* h>d] to d ?an to le>n ! simple motions ( h&s or feet t makes u keep afloat & swim4 ,no?+ w help to give u ?is confid5ce m quickly ?an to take a few lessons f "s "o 9 :om we h confid5ce & :o w above all ?+s n fright5 u & s get u into dang]4 ,) a good tea*]1 a boy %\ld be able to le>n h[ to swim 9 two or ?ree lessons4 ,( c\rse he w take only a few /rokes at fir/1 b ^? few /rokes1 :i* c>ry ) !m self-confid5ce & :i* make u feel t swimm+ is n s h>d an art aft] all1 is really half ! battle4 ,aft] we are at lea/ sure t we c get to %ore someh[1 we c take up all ! f9i%$ /rokes :i* make a fancy swimm]4 ,!re are a numb] ( /rokes us$ 9 swimm+ & especially 9 rac+4 ,! common brea/ /roke is ! fir/ "o to le>n4 ,9 ?is ! swimm] %\ld lie flat on 8 brea/ 9 ! wat] & ei!r be support$ by ! h& ( 8 tea*] or by an inflat$ air cu%ion4 ,! h&s are pr9cipally us$ to ma9ta9 ! balance & to keep afloat4 ,! real "w %\ld be done ) ! legs4 ,we le>n to use ! h&s prop]ly 9 a v %ort "t1 b ! beg9n] always %[s a t5d5cy to =get to kick prop]ly4 ,= ?is reason swimm+ tea*]s lay great /ress on ! leg motion & 9 a measure let ! h&s take c>e ( !mselves4 ,9 swimm+ ! important ?+ is to keep our heads above ! wat]1 a simple /atem5t1 b "o t beg9n]s may take a long "t to le>n4 ,! impulse is n only to keep our heads b our %\ld]s out ( ! wat] also1 & ?is is a feat t ev5 an exp]t c n accompli% = v long4 ,if we c all[ ourselves to s9k l[ 9 ! wat] )\t fe>1 & if we c also rememb] to kick &1 above all1 to make our /rokes sl[ly & ev5ly1 we %all v soon le>n to swim4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 boys le>n to swim 9 a s+le aft]noon4 ,ano!r t5d5cy ( ! beg9n] is to hold 8 brea? :ile swimm+4 ,( c\rse we _c swim v f> or ex]t ourselves unless we c brea!4 ,we %\ld take a brea? at ea* /roke1 inhal+ ?\gh ! m\? & exhal+ ?r\gh ! nose1 :i* is j ! opposite to ! hygi5ic me?od ( l& brea?+4 ,:atev] may be our me?ods1 h[ev]1 ! ma9 ?+ is n to =get to brea!1 :i* always results 9 f9i%+ our five or t5 /rokes out ( brea? & t]rifi$4 ,a great deal may be le>n$ ab\t swimm+ /rokes by practice on l&4 ,9 fact "s swimm+ tea*]s always foll[ ! practice ( tea*+ ! pupil a%ore h[ to make ! /roke & h[ to brea! correctly4 ,a small camp /ool or a box w give u ! support we ne$4 ,! ?ree ?+s to keep 9 m9d are ! leg motion & ! tak+ 9 ( ! brea? ?r\gh ! m\? z ! arms are be+ drawn 9 & exhal+ z !y are pu%$ =w>d4 ,x is bett] to le>n to swim 9 salt wat]1 = ! reason t x w support ! body bett]4 ,an additional advantage is t we always feel m refre%$ aft] a salt-wat] ba?4 ,if we take up fa/ swimm+1 we mu/ le>n "o ( ! v>i\s ov]h& or ov]>m /rokes4 ,! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 ^! /rokes & ! simple brea/ /roke is t ! arms z well z ! legs are us$ to propel ! body ?r\gh ! wat]1 & ?is p[] is appli$ s /eadily & uni=mly t in/ead ( mov+ by j]ks we move ) a cont9u\s motion & at a great] spe$4 ,! s+le ov]>m is easi] to le>n ?an ! d\ble ov]>m or 8trudgeon0 /roke4 ,?is latt] /roke is v tir+ & :ile und\bt$ly fa/] ?an any o!r :5 once ma/]$1 x is only us$ = %ort spr9ts4 ,mo/ ( ! great swimm]s h develop$ peculi> /rokes ( _! own1 b ne>ly all ( !m h adopt$ a g5]al /yle :i* may be call$ ! 8crawl40 ,!re are _m fancy /rokes 9 swimm+ t "o may acquire by practice1 all ( :i* require close att5tion to =m r ?an spe$1 j z fancy skat+ is di/+ui%$ f rac+4 ,"o ( ! simple/ tricks to le>n is call$ 8! roll+ log40 ,we take a position j z we w\ld 9 float+ & !n ex]t+ ! muscles fir/ ( "o side & !n ! o!r we %all f9d t we c roll ov] & ov] j z a log might roll4 ,! idea 9 p]=m+ ?is trick successfully is n to %[ any app>5t motion ( ! muscles4 ,swimm+ on ! back is easily le>n$ & is n only a pretty trick b is v useful 9 giv+ u an opportunity to re/ on a long swim4 ,div+ is also a bran* ( swimm+ t requires confid5ce r ?an lessons4 ,a dive is simply a plunge head fir/ into ! wat]4 ,a graceful div] plunges ) z little spla% z possible4 ,x is v bad =m ei!r to b5d ! knees or to /rike on ! /oma*1 ! latt] be+ a k9d ( dive = :i* boys h a v expressive ?\gh n elegant "n4 ,som]saults & back dives f a /ation>y take-(f or f a spr+-bo>d are v easily le>n$4 ,we %all probably h a few h>d spla%es until we le>n to turn fully ov]1 b !re is n mu* dang] ( injury if we are sure ( l&+ 9 ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,a p]fect dive ,wat] w+s & o!r artificial supports are v useful = ! beg9n] until he has ma/]$ ! /rokes1 b all su* artificial devices %\ld be giv5 up j z soon z possible1 &1 fur!rmore1 z soon z we c really swim1 9 ord] to ga9 confid5ce1 we %\ld g beyond our dep?1 :]e x w be necess>y to swim or dr[n4 ,a swimm] %\ld always "k h[ to assi/ ano!r to %ore 9 case ( accid5t4 ,x is n ne>ly s easy z "o :o has nev] tri$ x might ?9k4 ,a dr[n+ p]son w = ! "t be+ be panic-/rick5 & ! fir/ impulse w be to seize u ab\t ! neck4 ,always approa* a dr[n+ p]son f ! re> & support him "u an armpit1 mean:ile talk+ to him & try+ to reassure him4 ,e ye> we he> ( t]rible dr[n+ accid5ts :i* might h be5 avoid$ if "s "o 9 ! p>ty _h kept 8 head & _h be5 able to tell ! o!rs :at to d4 ,i h plac$ canoe+ & swimm+ 9 ! same *apt] because ! fir/ ^w 9 canoe+ is nev] g until y c swim4 ,!re is practically no diff]5ce betwe5 ! %ape ( ! mod]n canoe & ! %ape ( ! ,indian bir* b>k canoes :i* 7 develop$ by ! savages 9 ,am]ica hundr$s ( ye>s ago4 ,all ! +5uity ( :ite m5 has fail$ to improve on ?is model4 ,a canoe is "o ( ! mo/ graceful ( wat] craft &1 :ile x is reg>d$ m 9 ! light ( a play?+ by p 9 cities1 x is j z mu* a necessity to ! guides & trapp]s ( ! great ,nor!rn c\ntry z a pony is to ! c[boy & ! pla9sman4 ,! canoe is ! horse & wagon ( ! ,ma9e woodsman & 9 x he c>ries 8 provisions & 8 family4 ,illu/ration3 ,a typical ,indian model canoe ,:ile a canoe is g5]ally propell$ by paddles1 a pole is sometimes necess>y to =ce x up/ream1 especially 9 swift wat]4 ,9 _m places ! sportsman is =c$ to c>ry 8 canoe ar\nd wat]falls & %all[s = sev]al miles4 ,= ?is reason a canoe mu/ be z light z possible )\t too great a sacrifice ( /r5g?4 ,! old /yles ( canoes made ( bir* b>k1 holl[ logs1 ! sk9s ( animals & s on h practically giv5 way to ! canvas-cov]$ c$> or basswood canoes ( ! ,canadian type4 ,illu/ration3 ,a sail+ canoe 9 action ,x w sc>cely pay ! boy to attempt to make 8 own canoe1 z ! co/ ( a well-made eighte5-foot canoe ( ! type us$ by pr(essional hunt]s & trapp]s is b ?irty doll>s4 ,) c>e a canoe %\ld la/ its own] t5 ye>s4 ,x w be necess>y to protect x f ! wea!r :5 n 9 use & frequ5tly give x a coat ( pa9t or sp> v>ni%4 ,sail+ canoes are built aft] a diff]5t model f paddl+ canoes4 ,!y usually are deck$ ov] & simply h a cockpit4 ,!y are also /rong] & mu* heavi]4 ,_! use is limit$ to m op5 wat] ?an mo/ ( ! riv]s & lakes ( ,ma9e & ,canada4 ,cruis+ canoes are made saf] if wat]-tight air *amb]s are built 9 ! ends4 ,ev5 if a canoe turns ov] x does n s9k4 ,"s exp]ts c "r a capsiz$ canoe & clamb] 9 ov] ! side ev5 :ile swimm+ 9 deep wat]4 ,! seawor?9ess ( a canoe dep5ds l>gely ^u its l9es4 ,"s canoes are v cranky & o!rs c /& a lot ( c>eless usage )\t capsiz+4 ,"o ?+ is true ( all1 t accid5ts occur f> m (t5 9 gett+ 9 & out ( a canoe ?an 9 ! act ( sail+ x4 ,x is always unsafe to /& 9 a canoe or to lean f> out ( x to pick lilies or to rea* = float+ objects4 ,canoes may be propell$ by ei!r s+le or d\ble paddles1 b ! =m] is ! sportman's type4 ,x is possible to keep a canoe on a /raight c\rse entirely by paddl+ on "o side & m]ely %ift+ to re/1 b ! beg9n] may h "s difficulty 9 acquir+ ! knack ( do+ ?is1 :i* consi/s ( turn+ ! paddles at ! end ( ! /roke to make up ! am\nt t ! =w>d /roke deflects ! canoe f a /raight c\rse4 ,illu/ration3 ,9 ,canoe+ ,aga9/ ! ,curr5t 9 ,swift ,/eams a ,pole is ,us$ 9 ,place ( ! ,paddle 7,photographs by ,a4,r4 ,dugmore7 ,illu/ration3 ,a type ( sail+ canoe ,an op5 canoe = paddl+ does n require a rudd]4 ,a sail+ canoe1 h[ev]1 w require a rudd]1 a keel1 & a c5trebo>d z well4 ,canoe sail+ is an excit+ & dang]\s sport4 ,9 ord] to keep ! canoe f capsiz+1 a slid+ seat or outrigg] is us$1 ^u :i* ! sailor %ifts 8 position to keep ! boat on an ev5 keel4 ,! c5trebo>d is s arrang$ t x c be rais$ or l[]$ by means ( a l9e4 ,,xv ,,baseball ,h[ to organize a team & to select ! play]s--,! v>i\s positions--,curve pit*+ ,baseball is call$ ! ,national ,game ( ,am]ica j z cricket is reg>d$ z ! national game 9 ,engl&4 ,! game receiv$ its wide popul>ity directly aft] ! ,civil ,w> by ! soldi]s :o return$ to all p>ts ( ! c\ntry & introduc$ ! game t !y _h le>n$ 9 camp4 ,almo/ e village & t[n has its ball team1 9 :i* ! int]e/ is g5]al4 ,x is n a game = middle-ag$ m5 to play1 l golf1 b if "o has be5 a ball play] 9 y\? ! *ances are t he w keep 8 int]e/ 9 ! game ?r\gh life4 ,baseball is l>gely a game ( skill4 ,x does n af=d ne>ly z mu* opportunity = physical ex]cise z t5nis or football1 & because ( ! pr(essional games x is n always conduct$ ) z high a reg>d = sportsmanlike conduct1 b x has a firm hold on ! ,am]ican public1 & ! w9n+ ( a *ampion%ip s]ies 9 ! pr(essional leagues is almo/ a national ev5t4 ,e boy kn[s t a baseball team consi/s ( n9e play]s1 ! positions be+ pit*]1 cat*]1 fir/ base1 second base1 ?ird base1 & %ort/op1 :i* are call$ ! 9-field1 & "r-field1 c5tre-field1 & left-field1 :i* positions are call$ ! out-field4 ,! umpire has a v important position 9 baseball1 z 8 decisions 9 a close game may result ei!r 9 defeat or victory = a team4 ,an umpire %\ld always be "s "o :o kn[s ! rules ?or\ghly & :o is n too greatly int]e/$ 9 ei!r team4 ,he %\ld always try to be fair1 & hav+ once made a decision be sure en\gh ( himself to hold to x ev5 if ! :ole oppos+ team may try by 8kick+0 to cause him to *ange4 ,mu* ( ! r[dyism 9 baseball c be attribut$ to ?is cause4 ,a good ball play] is fir/ ( all a boy or man :o %[s himself to be a g5tleman "u1 all circum/ances4 ,9 baseball1 l _m games :]e w9n+ is sometimes ! important ?+ r ?an fair play1 ! real b5efits ( ! game are lo/ sight ( 9 ! desire to h a high] score ?an "o's oppon5ts4 ,probably ! mo/ clean-cut games are play$ by s*ool & college teams1 :i* %\ld always be /rictly amateur4 ,illu/ration3 ,! 9-curve ,illu/ration3 ,! out-curve ,! pit*] has ! mo/ important position on ! team4 ,if by 8 skill he is able to deceive ! oppos+ batsm5 & cause !m to /rike out or to make feeble hits1 ! re/ ( ! team w h b little to d except ( c\rse to bat :5 _! turn comes & try to score runs4 ,baseball has become a v sci5tific game 9 rec5t ye>s & ! su/a9$ int]e/ 9 x ye> aft] ye> is l>gely due to ! fact t ! regul> att5dants at a game h le>n$ to und]/& & to appreciate ! f9] po9ts ( ! game almo/ z well z ! play]s !mselves4 ,:ile x might appe> to a beg9n] t ! batt]y does all ! "w 9 a game1 z a matt] ( fact e man on ! n9e is suppos$ to d 8 "p 9 back+ up e play & to be 9 ! "r place at ! "r "t4 ,a good pit*] mu/ be able to pit* a curv$ ball4 ,?is art w only come ) con/ant practice4 ,until ab\t =ty ye>s ago a curve 0 unkn[n4 ,9 ! old days ! numb] ( runs scor$ 9 a game 0 v high1 x be+ a common ?+ = a w9n+ team to make tw5ty to ?irty runs4 ,! rules ( baseball are *ang$ frequ5tly & almo/ e *ange has be5 made ) a view to re/rict+ ! batsman4 ,z a consequ5ce1 9 mod]n games ! scores are v l[ & sometimes nei!r side w score a s+le run 9 a tie game ( t5 or twelve inn+s4 ,9 mod]n baseball a team t plays toge!r frequ5tly has a pre>rang$ code ( signals t are und]/ood by ea* memb] ( ! team4 ,x is v important = e play] on a side to "k :e!r ! pit*] int5ds to deliv] a high or a l[ ball or "o t may ei!r be batt$ well into ! out-field or probably be a gr\nd] t w be tak5 c>e ( by "s "o on ! 9-field4 ,( c\rse ^! ?+s d n always "w out z is plann$4 ,! pit*] may n h good control ( ! ball or pit* wild1 ! cat*] may make a bad 8muff0 & let ! ball get by him1 or :at we expect to be a bunt$ ball may be a home run1 b all ( ?is is "p ( ! sport & helps to make baseball "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & excit+ ( games4 ,9 any case !re is no "q t n9e boys :o are accu/om$ to play toge!r & :o und]/& ea* o!r's me?ods ( play & signals w h a bett] *ance ( w9n+ a close game ?an n9e o!r play]s :o may h a %ade ! bett] ( x 9 individual "w b :o d n play toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,! drop ,illu/ration3 ,! out-drop ,mo/ games are won or lo/ 9 a s+le in/ant at a crucial mom5t :5 "s "o fails to make good1 or :o1 usually 9 ! case ( a pit*]1 lets up on 8 spe$ or accuracy j at ! critical "t4 ,! ,national ,*ampion%ip ( #aijh 0 decid$ 9 fav\r ( ,*icago because "o ( ,new ,york's play]s 9 ! decid+ game ( ! season fail$ to t\* second base :5 ! la/ man 0 out4 ,! game _h be5 won by ,new ,york except = ?is mi/ake1 & ! result 0 t ano!r game 0 play$1 :i* ,*icago won be=e ! l>ge/ cr[d t probably ev] assembl$ to witness a game ( baseball4 ,:5 a baseball team is organiz$1 ! fir/ ?+ to d is to elect a capta9 f "o ( ! play]s1 & aft] ?is is decid$ e boy on ! team %\ld give him absolute support & ob$i5ce4 ,a team %\ld also h a manag] ^: duties are to arrange games ) o!r teams ( ! same class1 to arrange = ! transportation ( play]s &1 9 fact1 to att5d to all ! bus9ess duties ( games t come outside ( actual play+4 ,usually a boy is *os5 = manag] :o is n a ball play] himself1 b :o has %[n an int]e/ 9 ! team4 ,! capta9 %\ld be a boy :o fir/ ( all kn[s ! game & :o has ! respect & coop]ation ( ! o!r play]s4 ,! position t he may play on ! team is n s important1 b usually x is bett] to h "s "o f ! 9-field z capta91 z he w be 9 a bett] position to keep close wat* on ! progress ( ! game & to give directions to ! o!r play]s4 ,9 case ( a disput$ po9t x is bett] to all[ y\r capta9 to make a prote/ if su* is necess>y4 ,obs]vance ( ?is rule w prev5t mu* ( ! r[dyism t has *>act]iz$ ! game ( baseball4 ,no boy %\ld ev] attempt to w9 games by unfair tactics4 ,! day ( tripp+1 spik+1 & hold+ is gone4 ,if y are n able by y\r play+ to hold up y\r end on a ball team y _h bett] give up ! game & devote y\r att5tion to some?+ t y c d )\t be+ guilty ( r[dyism4 ,/rict rules ( tra9+ are n z necess>y = baseball play]s z = "s o!r bran*es ( sport1 because ! game is n s /r5u\s nor does x involve su* su/a9$ physical ex]tion1 b any boy w make a bett] ball play] z well z a bett] man if he obs]ves ! rules ( tra9+1 su* z e>ly h\rs = retir+1 simple food1 & regul> sy/ematic ex]cise4 ,! batt]y ( a team is an exception to ! rule reg>d+ /rict tra9+4 ,bo? ! pit*] & cat*] %\ld be 9 ! be/ physical condition4 ,a pit*] :o /&s up = n9e inn+s is oblig$ to d a trem5d\s am\nt ( "w & if he becomes tir$ or /iff t[>d ! end ( ! game he w probably be at ! m]cy ( ! oppos+ batsm54 ,usually ! pit*] ( a team is a boy :o is physically /rong & :o c /& h>d "w4 ,! o!r positions1 h[ev]1 are usually assign$ because ( ! build ( ! individual play]4 ,! pit*]1 h[ev]1 may be tall or %ort1 fat or ?91 s long z he c pit*4 ,! pit*] is ! mo/ important memb] ( a ball team4 ,mo/ ( ! "w falls to him1 & a good pit*]1 ev5 ) a comp>atively weak team beh9d him1 c sometimes w9 games :]e a good team ) a weak pit*] w\ld lose4 ,a good pit*] mu/ fir/ ( all h a cool head & keep 8 n]ve ev5 "u ! mo/ try+ circum/ances4 ,he mu/ also h good control ( ! ball & be able to pit* x :]e he wants x to g4 ,aft] t he mu/ h a k ( curves & "k h[ by caus+ ! ball to sp9 9 a c]ta9 way to cause x to *ange its c\rse & ?us to deceive ! batsman4 ,! art ( curv+ a ball 0 discov]$ 9 #ahfg4 ,be=e t "t all t a pit*] ne$$ 0 a /raight1 swift deliv]y4 ,! ?ree g5]al classes ( curv$ balls us$ to-day are ! out-curve1 ! 9-curve1 & ! drop4 ,!re are also o!r modifications call$ 8! fade away10 8! spitball10 & o!rs4 ,curve pit*+ w only come ) ! h>de/ k9d ( practice4 ,9 g5]al ! sp9 is giv5 to ! ball by a c]ta9 use ( ! f+]s & ! me?od ( releas+ x4 ,x is necess>y to conceal y\r int5tions f ! batsman 9 prep>+ to deliv] a curve or he w div9e y\r int5tion & ! ef=t may be wa/$4 ,all curves are produc$ by a snap ( ! wri/ at ! in/ant ( releas+ ! ball4 ,excell5t practice may be _h 9 curv+ by pit*+ at a po/ f a sixty-foot m>k & wat*+ to see ! effect ( v>i\s twi/s & snaps4 ,pit*+ is extremely h>d on ! arm & practice %\ld be v light at fir/ until ! muscles become h>d5$4 ,ev5 ! be/ pr(essional pit*]s are n work$ z a rule (t5] ?an two or ?ree games a week4 ,a good baseball capta9 always tries to develop sev]al pit*]s f 8 team4 ,x is ( c\rse v desirable to h a 8/> pit*]0 :o c be dep5d$ on1 b if ! /> %\ld happ5 to be ill or to injure 8 f+]s on a hot l9] or = "s reason _c play1 unless !re is a sub/itute1 ! effect ( 8 abs5ce on 8 team w be to demoralize x4 ,= t reason e enc\ragem5t %\ld be giv5 to any boy :o wants to try 8 h& at pit*+4 ,if a game is well 9 h& x is usually safe to put 9 a sub/itute pit*] to f9i% x4 ,?is is done 9 college teams = ! reason t no am\nt ( practice is q l play+ 9 an actual game4 ,x may be said to guide ! beg9n] t ! me?od ( produc+ curves v>ies greatly ) diff]5t pit*]s1 b t 9 g5]al ! out-curve is produc$ by grasp+ ! ball ) ! fir/ & second f+]s & ! ?umb4 ,! grip = ?is curve %\ld be tight & ! back ( ! h& turn$ d[nw>d4 ,! out-curve c be produc$ ei!r ) a fa/ ball or a sl[ "o4 ,= ! 9-curve a sw++ side>m motion is us$1 ! ball be+ releas$ ov] ! tips ( ! fir/ two f+]s ) a snap to set x sp9n+4 ,x may also be produc$ by releas+ ! ball ov] all f\r f+]s4 ,! grip ( ! ball = ! drop is v simil> to ! out-curve1 b 9 deliv]y ! h& is br\ght almo/ directly ov] ! %\ld]4 ,9 all curves ! pit*] mu/ h extremely s5sitive f+]s & be able to control !m ) almo/ z mu* skill z "o requires 9 play+ a piano4 ,we mu/ keep 9 m9d :i* way we desire ! ball to sp9 to produce ! requir$ curve & !n to give x j z mu* ( ?is sp9 z we c )\t int]f]+ ) our accuracy4 ,no two pit*]s w h ! same =m or mann] ( deliv]y4 ,9 le>n+ to pit*1 ! ma9 ?+ is to adopt ! deliv]y t seems mo/ natural to y )\t especial reg>d to =m1 & ) no unnecess>y motions4 ,a pit*] mu/ always be on ! al]t & keep a close wat* on ! bases :5 !y are occupi$4 ,he mu/ n1 h[ev]1 all[ ! rem>ks ( coa*] or spectators to cause him to become rattl$ or confus$4 ,baseball at be/ is a noisy game1 & a pit*] :o is s5sitive to outside rem>ks or jo%+ w nev] be a real success4 ,! cat*] is usually a %ort1 /ocky play] ) a good rea* & a quick1 accurate ?r[4 ,he is usually ! act+ g5]al 9 a game & signals to ! :ole team4 ,! pr9cipal te/ ( a good cat*] is to be able to make a quick1 swift ?r[ to second base )\t be+ oblig$ to draw 8 arm fully back4 ,su* a ball is snapp$ f ! wri/ & %\ld be aim$ to cat* ! base runn] :o is attempt+ to /eal ! base4 ,?is play is v common 9 ball games1 & z !re is only a diff]5ce ( an in/ant 9 ! "t t x takes a runn] to g f fir/ base to second1 :o />ts j z ! pit*] deliv]s ! ball1 & ! "t x takes a pit*$ ball to be caught by ! cat*] & snapp$ to second1 a game may be won or lo/ j on ?is play alone4 ,if ! oppos+ team f9ds t x c make second 9 safety by go+ d[n ) ! pit*]'s arm1 x w surely take full advantage ( ! k4 ,to h a man on second is disconc]t+ to ! pit*] z well z a difficult man to h&le4 ,x !re=e foll[s t a cat*] :o _c ?r[ accurately to ! bases becomes a s]i\s disadvantage to 8 team4 ,9 ! old days a cat*] _h to be able to cat* ei!r ) b>e h& or ) a light glove1 b ! mod]n cat*]'s mitt1 mask1 *e/-protector1 & %9 gu>ds make ! position f> saf]1 & almo/ any boy :o is quick & has n]ve c be tra9$ to become a fairly good cat*] s long z he has a good ?r[ & is a good g5]al4 ,! fir/ baseman is usually a tall boy :o is active & :o c cov] 8 position bo? 9 rea*+ = high balls & 9 pick+ up gr\nd]s4 ,( c\rse 9 a baseball score ! fir/ baseman w score ! l>ge/ numb] ( 8put outs10 because practically all he is oblig$ to d is to cov] ! base & to cat* ! ball be=e ! runn] gets !re4 ,x is 9 field+ 8 position & 9 pull+ d[n balls t are ?r[n wildly t ! fir/ baseman c %[ 8 *ief skill4 ,! positions ( second base & %ort/op are practically ! same1 & ^! two play]s %\ld und]/& ea* o!r p]fectly & "k j :5 to cov] ! base & :5 to back up ! o!r4 ,neglect ( ?is precaution (t5 results 9 ! mo/ /upid errors1 :i* are disc\rag+ alike to ! team & ! spectators4 ,bo? play]s %\ld be quick & active1 ) an ability to ?r[ bo? ov] & "u h&$ z well z to toss ! ball aft] pick+ x up on ! run4 ,! %ort/op is (t5 ! smalle/ man on a team1 due no d\bt to ! !ory t 8 "w is l>gely 9 pick+ up gr\nd]s4 ,! %ort/op is (t5 l$ into habits :i* are commonly kn[n z 8gr&-/& plays02 t is1 he attempts to make difficult plays or "o-h&$ /ops ) an unnecess>y display ( motions1 to br+ ! applause ( ! spectators4 ,no ball play] 0 ev] made by play+ to ! audi5ce4 ,good =m is n only v desirable b v necess>y1 b ! ma9 ?+ 9 ball play+ is to play y\r "p & to =get t !re is su* a ?+ z an audi5ce or applause4 ,if y\r =m is good s mu* ! bett]1 b if by pay+ too mu* att5tion to x y miss ! ball & score an error1 y\r team may suff] defeat on acc\nt ( y\r pride4 ,! ma9 ?+ is to get ! ball & aft] t to d x z gracefully z possible4 ,"o-h&$ /ops are well en\gh :5 y _c get bo? h&s on ! ball1 b an error made 9 ?is way is n only ! mo/ humiliat+ k9d b also ! mo/ inexcusable4 ,x mu/ n be inf]r$ t gr&-/& play+ is conf9$ to ! %ort/op4 ,any memb] ( ! team c be guilty ( x4 ,no play]1 no matt] h[ good he may be1 %\ld be all[$ to hold 8 position on a team unless he is will+ to d 8 be/ at all times & unless he feels t ! game is n lo/ nor won until ! la/ man is out4 ,_m exp]i5c$ play]s consid] t ! mo/ difficult position to play well is ?ird base4 ,?is play] has to be ready = sl[ bunts z well z h>d drives2 he mu/ cov] a lot ( gr\nd & try to get e ball t comes ne> him4 ,at ! same "t he mu/ cov] 8 base to /op ! base runn] f advanc+ home4 ,he w be oblig$ to /op hot l9]s ) "o h& & (t5 :ile on ! run to make an accurate ?r[ to fir/ base4 ,out-field]s are usually *os5 because ( _! ability to bat z well z to be quick on _! feet & cat* fly balls on ! run4 ,field]s %\ld practise if possible to cat* ! ball 9 a ?r[+ position1 s t no unnecess>y "t may be lo/ 9 gett+ ! ball back to ! 9-field4 ,( ! ?ree field+ positions1 "r-field is by f> ! mo/ important4 ,he mu/ be sure ( gr\nd balls z well z flies & also1 9 common ) all ! field]s1 be a good judge ( ! batsm5 & try to be :]e ! batt$ ball is go+4 ,! c5tre-field] mu/ be especially quick on 8 feet1 z he is expect$ to back up bo? %ort/op & second base z well z to run 9 = l9e hits t j g ov] ! 9-field]s' heads4 ,! ability to />t quickly :5 runn+ = a ball c be greatly develop$ by practice & w greatly improve ! play]'s game4 ,v (t5 a fly ball w fall 9 su* a position t ! out-field]s w be 9 d\bt :o is to take x4 ,! result is usually a collision1 a miss$ ball & a *orus ( groans f ! spectators4 ,! rem$y = ?is is to arrange be=eh& = ! second baseman to call out :o 9 ! case ( a d\btful ball is to take x4 ,all ( ^! ?+s are "p ( ! f9] po9ts ( ! game & w only come f practice4 ,a boy :o really desires to become pr(ici5t 9 8 position w try to avoid *ang+ f "o position to ano!r1 b decide :i* position he likes to play be/ or is be/ fitt$ = & try to get all ! practice possible4 ,an excell5t opportunity w come f /udy+ ! me?ods ( a good play] 9 ! same position1 not+ c>efully :at he does on ea* play1 h[ he backs up ! o!r play]s & h[ he fits 9 ! g5]al plan ( team "w4 ,x is a great advantage to any play] to le>n z mu* z he c ab\t ! skill & me?ods ( 8 oppon5ts4 ,"s m5 _c hit a l[ ball or a high "o1 "s w fl9* :5 ! ball comes close to !m1 giv+ ! pit*] a *ance to deliv] a /raight1 swift ball ov] ! inside ( ! plate1 :i* ! umpire w call a /rike ev5 ?\gh ! batsman devotes all ( 8 en]gy to gett+ out ( ! way4 ,a left-h&$ ?r[] w seldom make a success z a ball play] except z pit*] or on fir/ base4 ,left-h&$ batsm51 h[ev]1 are a di/9ct advantage to a team1 z no?+ w s disconc]t a gre5 pit*] z to h batsm5 /&+ fir/ on "o side ( ! plate & !n on ! o!r4 ,e boy :o plays baseball mu/ "k ! rules ?or\ghly to be a success4 ,x is 9 ?is way t advantage ( e fair opportunity c be tak54 ,no?+ is s di%e>t5+ to a team z to lose a closely conte/$ game on a te*nicality ( rules4 ,batt+ & base runn+ are two dep>tm5ts ( ! game :]e "o memb] ( ! team is z important z ano!r4 ,a good batsman mu/ h a quick eye & a quick bra94 ,:5 he decides to /rike at a ball he mu/ n *ange 8 m9d & simply sw+ at x feebly aft] x is 9 ! cat*]'s h&s4 ,! be/ batt]s are n ^? :o hit ! ball ! h>de/4 ,judgm5t 9 plac+ hits is f> m important ?an try+ to knock out a home run e "t y are at ! bat4 ,y mu/ rememb] t ! pit*] is /udy+ y\r batt+ me?ods & y mu/ try j z h>d to deceive him z he is try+ to deceive y4 ,_m a game has be5 won by a man :o knew h[ to wait at ! bat in/ead ( sw++ wildly at ev]y?+ j = fe> ( hav+ /rikes call$4 ,:5 y hit ! ball !re is only "o rule--run4 ,y w v soon f9d out :e!r ! ball is fair or f\l or :e!r !re is any *ance ( mak+ fir/ base4 ,a base runn] %\ld nev] /op try+ to make a base until ! ball is 9 ! h&s ( ! baseman4 ,"o nev] c tell :5 a ball may be fumbl$ or muff$4 ,a baseball diamond %\ld be a "p ( a t[n j z is ! public squ>e or a t[n hall4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! bases %\ld be n9ety feet & ! f\r base-l9es %\ld =m a squ>e & all ! angles %\ld be "r angles4 ,! ?ree bases %\ld be canvas bags fill$ ) sawdu/ & fa/5$ to _! positions by pegs t are driv5 into ! gr\nd4 ,! home plate %\ld if possible be a piece ( :it5$ rubb]4 ,a bo>d securely fa/5$ w d4 ,illu/ration3 ,h[ to lay out a baseball field ,! pit*]'s box %\ld be d5ot$ by a /rip ( wood or rubb] #bd in*es long & #f in*es wide4 ,?is & home plate %\ld be buri$ s t !y are flu% ) ! surface ( ! field4 ,! pit*]'s box on a full-siz$ field is exactly #fj feet f home plate4 ,! /&>d baseball is ! k9d us$ by pr(essional play]s4 ,x is cov]$ ) horsehide1 & is w>rant$ to la/ an entire game )\t ripp+ or gett+ out ( %ape4 ,baseball bats are made ( a v>iety ( woods1 ! common mat]ials be+ a%1 will[1 & hickory4 ,a bat mu/ n exce$ #b in*es 9 ?ickness at its ?icke/ "p4 ,!re are a great _m %apes & models nam$ aft] ! pr(essional play]s :o use !m4 ,! %ape ( a bat does n make z mu* diff]5ce z "s poor batt]s are incl9$ to ?9k4 ,! manufactur]s ( sport+ goods make all ! accessories = play+ baseball bo? 9 m5's & boys' sizes4 ,e ball play] %\ld own 8 own mitt or glove & become accu/om$ to x4 ,! same is true ( 8 bat4 ,! art ( becom+ a good ball play] dep5ds l>gely on ! boy himself4 ,no "o plays ball naturally4 ,x all comes ) practice1 & x foll[s t ! m practice we c get ! bett] ball play]s we %all become4 ,x is a game :]e a loss ( n]ve is absolutely fatal to good "w4 ,a play] mu/ keep 8 head no matt] h[ try+ ! circum/ances may be4 ,cool-head$ness is especially important & ! sure/ way to develop x is to be j z indiff]5t to ! criticism ( ! cr[d or y\r fell[-play]s1 s long z y "k t y h done y\r be/1 z y %\ld be to _! applause4 ,j play ! game = all !re is 9 x1 & y w be sure to become a mod]ately good play] ev5 ?\gh y may n be a />4 ,9 field practice1 :5 "s "o is batt+ out balls to y1 try j z h>d to /op & field ea* ball t comes )9 rea* z y w\ld if ! result ( ! game dep5d$ on x4 ,x is only by ?is means t y c hope to become a f9i%$ ball play]4 ,y c nev] le>n by ly+ ar\nd 9 ! %ade & tell+ y\r fri5ds h[ good y are go+ to be 9 ! com+ mat* game4 ,a regul>ly organiz$ ball team %\ld always adopt "s club col\rs & be provid$ ) uni=ms4 ,v good ones complete ) %irt1 pants1 /ock+s1 belt1 & cap c be pur*as$ ( sport+ goods outfitt]s = two or ?ree doll>s a suit 7:5 ord]$ 9 lots ( n9e or m74 ,!y c also sometimes be made m *eaply at home if mo!rs & si/]s are will+4 ,! %irt %\ld always be lett]$ ) ! "n or initials ( ! team4 ,baseball %oes are usually provid$ ) /eel plates or lea!r knobs4 ,spikes are v dang]\s & %\ld n be p]mitt$4 ,! regulation baseball %oe rea*es j "u ! in/ep4 ,! rules ( baseball are too long & complicat$ to be publi%$ "h4 ,almo/ e ye> _m important *anges are made to improve ! sport & to make x h>d] = ! batsm5 to make runs4 ,all ( ?is t5ds to make ! game m int]e/+ & to develop x f a sci5tific side4 ,:5 a team is play+ away f its home gr\nds ! *oice ( inn+s--i4e41 :o is to bat fir/--goes to ! home team4 ,a game consi/s ( n9e full inn+s unless call$ by ra91 d>kness or = "s o!r cause4 ,if five complete inn+s h be5 play$ :5 ! game /ops1 ! score always /&s & ! team ahead is decl>$ ! w9n]4 ,9 case ( a tie at ! end ( ! game ! play cont9ues until at ! completion ( a full inn+ "o team is ahead4 ,t ends ! game & ! team ahead is ! w9n]4 ,9 arrang+ games ) visit+ teams x is cu/om>y to make "s arrangem5t z to exp5ses1 %>e ( gate receipts or o!r gu>antee4 ,x is v important 9 ord] to avoid unpleasant disputes to h ?is matt] fully und]/ood & agre$ ^u by ! manag]s ( ea* team be=e ! game />ts4 ,on acc\nt ( f5ces1 h\ses1 & o!r ob/acles t "s baseball fields h x is cu/om>y = ! umpire to decide :at are call$ 8gr\nd rules0 be=e ! game />ts4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ t m>s a good game ( ball next to kick+ & wrangl+ is ! t5d5cy ( ! cr[d to get on ! field & to int]f]e ) ! play]s4 ,an easy rem$y = ?is is simply to call ! game until ! spectators take _! prop] places4 ,baseball is a good game if x is prop]ly play$4 ,x is un=tunate t s _m amateur games are spoil$ because "s ( ! play]s lose _! temp]s 9 _! anxiety to h _! wrongs right$4 ,no matt] h[ good a ball play] a boy is he w nev] get ! real b5efit ( ! game unless he rememb]s t x is n ! "o :o loses 8 temp] b 8he :o rule? 8 _s0 t is really entitl$ to ! respect ( 8 fell[s4 ,make up y\r m9d to abide by ! decision ( ! umpire j z a soldi] obeys ! ord]s ( 8 sup]ior (fic]4 ,x is ! easie/ ?+ 9 ! _w = an umpire to make a mi/ake1 b he w be f> less likely to correct 8 errors if n9e angry boys are all talk+ to him at once ?an if y\r capta9 quietly goes to him ) ! rules or ! facts beh9d him & /ates ! case4 ,x is an old say+ b none ! less true t 8oil cat*es m flies ?an v9eg>40 ,a boy :o has develop$ a heal?y int]e/ 9 baseball :ile "y w probably nev] lose x 9 aft] life ev5 ?\gh 8 opportunities to play or ev5 to see a game are few4 ,i once met a m9+ man 9 ! int]ior ( ,mexico1 a hundr$ miles f a railroad & 9 a t[n :]e only ?ree p spoke ! ,engli% language1 & ?is man _h n be5 to 8 home t[n 9 t5 ye>s1 b he _h foll[$ 8 baseball team ?r\gh ! pap]s all ^? ye>s & c\ld tell y m ab\t ! play]s ?an _m a man liv+ 9 ! t[n :]e ! team play$4 ,su* a man is :at ! newspap]s call a 8fan10 :i* is an abbreviation ( ! ^w 8fanatic40 ,!re is no h>m 9 be+ a baseball en?usia/1 provid$ t we d n all[ x to int]f]e ) our "w or all[ our desire to witness games to take ! place ( sy/ematic ex]cise = ourselves4 ,,xvi ,,h[ ,,to ,,play ,,football ,! v>i\s positions & h[ to select m5 = !m--,team1 "w & signals--,! rules ,football is usually play$ 9 ! fall ( ! ye> because ! ex]cise t x involves is s viol5t t to attempt x at any o!r "t w\ld probably result 9 injury to ! play]s4 ,! cool1 fro/y days ( ,octob] & ,novemb] make baseball out ( season1 & su* wea!r is ideal = football4 ,s mu* has be5 said & writt5 ab\t ! dang]s ( football z a sport t _m p>5ts h /rong objections to p]mitt+ _! sons to play4 ,!re is no "q t x is a h>d game & n suit$ to weakl+s1 b a /rong1 heal?y boy c play football "u prop] conditions & ) prop] tra9+ q z safely z he c d _m o!r ?+s to :i* p>5ts raise no objections1 su* z wre/l+1 climb+ trees1 play+ hockey1 or ev5 p]=m+ difficult feats ( gymna/ics or acrobatics 9 a gymnasium4 ,e ye> !re are a numb] ( s]i\s accid5ts f football1 b !re are also injuries f o!r games1 & p are injur$ :o play no games at all1 s x simply is a "q :e!r we are will+ to take ! *ances ( a spra9$ ankle or brok5 bone = ! love ( "o ( ! be/ ( outdoor sports4 ,illu/ration3 ,! l9eup ,! rec5t *anges 9 rules h made football a mu* saf] game ?an x 0 9 ! e>ly n9eties1 :5 su* plays z ! 8fly+ w$ge0 & l9e buck+ 7 practically all !re 0 to ! game4 ,to any "o :o does n und]/& football x seems z ?\gh x 7 play$ ) practically no sci5ce & ) b few rules4 ,z a matt] ( fact a well-coa*$ college team w sometimes h sixty or sev5ty sep>ate plays ea* ( :i* has be5 c>efully practis$ & :i* requires ea* man on ! team to d some?+ to help make ! play successful1 :ile on ! o!r h& ea* man on ! oppos+ team is do+ 8 be/ to cause ! play to fail4 ,! result to any "o n und]/&+ ! game is simply a confus$ mass ( /ruggl+ m5 & a f9al tumble ) a pile ( legs & arms fly+ ab\t4 ,! ,am]ican game ( football call$ ,rugby is a developm5t ( ! ,engli% game1 b ! pres5t game is v diff]5t f ! ,engli% game ( socc] or association football1 9 :i* kick+ pr$om9ates & :]e a r\nd ball is us$ in/ead ( ! oval-%ap$ ,am]ican football4 ,num]\s ef=ts h be5 made to introduce ! game ( socc] into ?is c\ntry1 b ! long popul>ity ( ! ,am]ican game & ! /rong support t has be5 giv5 to x by ! colleges h prev5t$ socc] f ga9+ mu* ( a foo?old4 ,football is play$ by two oppos+ teams ( elev5 m5 ea*4 ,! positions are "r & left end1 "r & left tackle1 "r & left gu>d1 c5tre ru%1 qu>t]-back1 "r & left half-backs & full-back4 ,! mann] 9 :i* !y l9e up is %[n 9 ! accompany+ diagram4 #j #j #j #j #j #j #j l4e4 l4t4 l4g4 c4 r4g4 r4t4 r4e4 #j q4 #j #j l4h4-b4 r4h4-b4 #j f-b4 ,! weight & size ( ! m5 on a football team l>gely gov]n ! positions :]e !y play4 ,! c5tre ru% & ! two gu>ds are usually ! heavie/ m5 on ! team1 z extra weight 9 ! c5tre ( ! l9e is important to prev5t :at is call$ 8buck+ ! c5tre40 ,! two tackles %\ld be /rong1 /ocky play]s1 n too tall1 b /ill ) suffici5t weight to enable !m to keep _! feet 9 a mass play & to (f] /rong resi/ance to a unit$ attack on _! position4 ,!y %\ld also be quick & agile & be able to advance ! ball by ru%+ :5 call$ ^u4 ,! two ends mu/ be fleet ( foot & quick1 sure tackl]s4 ,) ! con/ant *anges 9 football rules ! position ( end has become m & m important1 until n[ a team ) weak1 sl[ ends is almo/ l a baseball team ) a poor pit*]4 ,_m p reg>d ! position ( qu>t]-back z ! mo/ important on ! team4 ,he is virtually ! field capta94 ,a good qu>t]-back mu/ be an all ar\nd play] ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,he mu/ fir/ ( all h a good head & be able to run (f ! plays ( 8 team )\t confusion4 ,he mu/ keep 8 head "u ! mo/ try+ circum/ances4 ,he mu/ wat* = weak places 9 ! oppos+ team & direct ! play ( 8 m5 aga9/ !m4 ,he mu/ (f] enc\ragem5t to 8 own team & be always on ! al]t to capture a fumbl$ ball1 /op a runn] :o has elud$ ! tackl]s or to cat* a punt t may come )9 8 rea*4 ,9 ne>ly all ! big college games ! qu>t]-back is "o ( ! /> play]s4 ,! nature ( 8 _m duties is su* t he is =c$ to be a gr&-/& play] & to be conspicu\s ev5 ?\gh he may n desire to4 ,9 runn+ back punts ! qu>t]-back w (t5 be us$ because he is sure 9 cat*+ !m1 :i* is a matt] ( ! greate/ importance4 ,& all ( ?is "w is requir$ ( a man :o is usually ! smalle/1 lighte/ man on ! team & :o alongside ( ! giant gu>ds & c5tre sometimes looks l a pigmy4 ,!re is no high] hon\r 9 football ?an to be a good all ar\nd qu>t]-back4 ,! half-backs are *os5 because ( _! spe$ & _! ability to advance ! ball & to elude ! tackl+ ( ! oppos+ team4 ,!y come 9 = a v l>ge %>e ( ! "w & mu/ be boys ( sup]ior /r5g? & agility4 ,next to ! qu>t]-back ! play] ( ! greate/ importance is full-back4 ,8 duty fir/ ( all is to att5d to ! kick+ end ( ! game4 ,= t reason he mu/ practise con/antly bo? ) punts & drop kicks & be able to put ! ball betwe5 ! goal po/s f all angles & di/ances )9 reason4 ,a great _m games are won by a good drop kick] mak+ a field goal at a critical "t1 & su* a man is ( ! highe/ value to a team4 ,z drop kick+1 l pit*+ 9 baseball1 comes l>gely f practice1 ! capta9 or manag] ( a team %\ld see to x t any memb] ( 8 team :o %[s any ability at all 9 ?is dep>tm5t %\ld be giv5 e opportunity & enc\ragem5t to develop 8 skill4 ,a good drop kick] c be us$ tempor>ily f almo/ any position 9 ! l9e1 :e!r he be gu>d1 tackle or end4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! full-back is ! play] :o does mo/ ( ! kick+4 ,he mu/ also be a good l9e buck] & be able to ga9 ! requir$ di/ance :5 call$ ^u4 ,9 g5]al1 !n1 we *oose ! ?ree c5tre m5 because ( _! weight1 ! tackles & ends = spe$ & ability 9 tackl+1 ! qu>t]-back = 8 all ar\nd ability & 8 g5]al%ip1 ! half-backs because ( _! skill 9 ru%+ ! ball1 & ! full-back = ! kick+ dep>tm5t4 ,any man on ! team may be *os5 capta94 ,z 8 "w is l>gely done 9 practice & 9 p]fect+ plays1 unless a team is 9 ! h&s ( a coa* x is bett] n to add ! duties ( capta9 to ! already ov]burd5$ qu>t]-back4 ,o!rwise he is ! logical & ideal man = ! position4 ,illu/ration3 ,a football gridiron ,!re is no game 9 :i* team "w is m important ?an 9 football4 ,elev5 boys ( mod]ate ability & comp>ative light weight :o c execute _! plays ) skill & precision c beat a team ( heavi] boys or sup]ior play]s :o may lack _! skill & organization4 ,9 ! case ( a s*ool team x is almo/ always possible to secure ! s]vices ( a coa* f among ! graduates4 ,if su* a "o has _h exp]i5ce on a college team s mu* ! bett]4 ,a football field is #ccj feet long by #afj feet wide4 ,at ea* end are goal po/s set #ah feet #f in*es ap>t1 ) a crossb> #aj feet above ! gr\nd4 ,! field is m>k$ (f 9 *alk l9es simil> to a t5nis c\rt1 ^! l9es be+ #e y>ds ap>t4 ,! c5tre ( ! field :]e ! play />ts is #ee y>ds f ei!r end4 ,x is usually cu/om>y to run l9es p>allel to ! sides ( ! field1 also #e y>ds ap>t1 b z a field is b #afj feet wide ! fir/ & la/ ( ^! l9es are b #e feet f ! side l9es in/ead ( #e y>ds4 ,! l9es on a football field make a *eck]bo>d effect & h giv5 to ! field ! "n ( 8gridiron40 ,football is a game :]e elev5 m5 try to =ce ! ball back ( ! oppos+ play]s' goal l9e by v>i\s ef=ts 9 runn+ ) x or 9 kick+1 :ile ! oppos+ team mean:ile1 by ?r[+ ! runn] or by pu%+ him back1 try to prev5t any ga9 be+ made4 ,ea* team is all[$ a c]ta9 numb] ( attempts to make a c]ta9 di/ance &1 if !y fail to d ?is ! ball becomes ! prop]ty ( ! o!r team to make a simil> attempt4 ,ea* ( ^! attempts is call$ a 8d[n10 &1 accord+ to ! rules1 aft] ?ree attempts1 if ! runn]s h fail$ to ga9 ! requir$ di/ance1 ! ball is giv5 to _! oppon5ts4 ,9 practice x is cu/om>y = a team to kick ! ball on its la/ d[n & ?us to surr5d] x j z f> f its own goal l9e z possible4 ,! di/ance t mu/ be made 9 ?ree d[ns accord+ to ! pres5t rules is t5 y>ds4 ,sometimes a team w n kick on its la/ d[n because ! di/ance rema9+ to be ga9$ is s little t ! qu>t]-back feels sure t "o ( 8 m5 c make x1 b ?is is an exception4 ,:5 t5 or m y>ds are ga9$ ! ball becomes at fir/ d[n aga9 & ! team has ?ree m attempts to make ano!r t5 y>ds figur$ f :]e ! ball 0 f9ally d[n$4 ,! ultimate object ( 8ru%+ ! ball10 z ?is play is call$1 is to place x on ! gr\nd beh9d ! enemy's goal l9e1 :i* is call$ a 8t\*d[n40 ,sometimes a team w succe$ 9 gett+ ! ball almo/ ov] ! goal l9e & !n because ( ! sup]ior resi/ance ( its oppon5ts w f9d t x c advance x no fur!r4 ,x is !n cu/om>y = "o ( ! play]s :o has _h practice 9 drop kick+ to attempt to kick :at is call$ a 8goal f ! field0 or 8field goal40 ,?is play c\nts less ?an a t\*d[n 9 ! score1 c\nt+ b ?ree po9ts1 :ile a t\*d[n c\nts five1 b _m a game has be5 won by a field goal4 ,football scores betwe5 ev5ly mat*$ teams :o play sci5tifically are usually l[1 "o or two scores 9 a game be+ all t are made4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t nei!r side w score1 b1 unlike baseball1 ! game does n cont9ue aft] ! "t limit has expir$1 b simply becomes a tie game4 ,! game is divid$ into f\r p]iods ( fifte5 m9utes ea*4 ,!re are re/+ p]iods ( ?ree m9utes ea* betwe5 ! fir/ & second & ?ird & f\r? p]iods1 & fifte5 m9utes betwe5 ! second & ?ird p]iods4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! game ! two oppos+ capta9s toss up a co9 & ! w9n] ( ! toss has ! *oice ( goals or ( ! ball4 ,8 decision w be gov]n$ by ! position ( ! sun & ! w9d conditions1 two v important ?+s 9 football4 ,aft] ea* score ! sides *ange goals1 h[ev]2 s ! *oice is n s important unless ! game happ5s to be scoreless4 ,at ! fir/ play ! ball is plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! field & is kick$ (f1 a man on ! oppos+ team try+ to cat* x & to run back z f> z possible be=e he is tackl$ & ! ball 8d[n$40 ,! next l9eup takes place at ?is po9t & ! game proce$s until a score is made4 ,aft] ea* score ! ball is put 9 play j z at ! beg9n+ ( ! game4 ,! qu>t]-back calls out a s]ies ( numb]s & lett]s call$ 8signals0 be=e ! ball is put into play4 ,^! signals w tell 8 team :at ! play is to be1 :e!r a run ar\nd end1 a kick1 or a mass play on c5tre1 = example4 ,! matt] ( ?or\gh coa*+ 9 signals is v important & mu/ be practis$ by ! team until x c tell 9 an in/ant j :at ! play is to be :5 ! play />ts4 ,! c5tre /oops l[ & holds ! ball 9 an upright position on ! gr\nd betwe5 8 feet4 ,! qu>t]-back is directly beh9d him ) out/ret*$ h&s ready to receive x4 ,aft] ! signal is giv5 ! team mu/ be ready to execute ! play1 b mu/ n by look or motion p]mit its oppon5ts "k :at ! play is to be4 ,at a t\* or ^w f ! qu>t]-back1 ! full-back snaps ! ball back & ! play />ts4 ,! position ( ! m5 on a team is g5]ally z ! diagram %[s b = v>i\s plays o!r =mations are us$1 provid$ t !y d n violate ! rules1 :i* specify j h[ _m m5 mu/ be 9 ! l9eup & h[ _m are p]mitt$ beh9d ! l9e4 ,! fir/ requirem5t ( signals is to h !m simple4 ,9 ! heat & /ress ( a game ! play]s w h b little "t to figure out :at ! play is to be1 ev5 ?\gh x may all h seem$ v simple on pap]4 ,to beg9 a code ( signals ea* position on ! team is giv5 a lett]4 ,! elev5 positions w require elev5 lett]s & no two mu/ be alike4 ,x w\ld be possible ( c\rse to simply />t ) ! lett] 8a0 & g to 8k10 b ?is sy/em w\ld be too simple & easily und]/ood by y\r oppon5ts4 ,a bett] way is to take a ^w easily rememb]$ 9 :i* no lett] occurs twice1 su* z 8,b-l-a-c-k-h-o-r-s-e-x0 or any o!r comb9ation4 8,buy & trade0 8importance10 8=midable10 & _m o!rs are us$4 ,! same pr9ciple is us$ by tradesm5 9 putt+ private price m>ks on _! goods4 ,take ! words 8buy & trade0 = example4 ,_! positions "r & left end1 abbreviat$ 7r4e4 & l4e471 "r & left tackle 7r4t4 & l4t471 "r & left gu>d 7r4g4 & l4g471 c5tre 7c471 qu>t]-back 7q471 "r & left half-backs 7r4h4 & l4h471 & full-back 7f4b471 w\ld be assign$ lett]s z foll[s3 l4e4 l4t4 l4g4 c4 r4g4 r4t4 r4e4 q4 l4h4 f4b4 r4h4 ,b ,u ,y ,a ,n ,d ,t ,r ,a ,d ,e ,! lett]s d5ote n only play]s b holes 9 ! l9e1 z ! spaces betwe5 ! play]s are call$4 ,! qu>t]-back always adds to 8 signal a numb] ( o!r lett]s or figures :i* h no mean+1 simply to confuse ! oppos+ play]s4 ,= example ! signal giv5 is 8#bd-;,e-,n-#gb-,x40 ,! figures #bd & #gb mean no?+1 nor does ! 8,x40 ,! signal says 8,e w take ! ball & g ?r\gh ,n10 or "r half-back ?r\gh "r gu>d4 ,any numb] ( o!r plays c be d5ot$ by lett]s or numb]s1 = example all punts by figures :i* are a multiple ( t51 z #aj-bj1 #aej-cjj1 & s on4 ,! beg9n] 9 football %\ld fir/ ( all be provid$ ) a suitable uni=m2 !re is no game 9 :i* ?is is m important4 ,! game is r\gh & _m & h>% are ! jolts we receive2 consequ5tly we mu/ use :atev] padd+ & gu>ds we c to provide aga9/ injury4 ,! cu/om is to we> a tight j]sey ) elb[ pads1 a tight-fitt+ canvas jacket & well-padd$ canvas khaki or molesk9 tr\s]s4 ,! appe>ance ( our uni=m is ( little consequ5ce1 z football play]s are n not$ = ! beauty ( _! co/umes4 ,heavy wooll5 /ock+s & football %oes complete ! outfit4 ,! %oes are ! mo/ important "p ( ! uni=m4 ,!y %\ld lace ) eyelets & be well provid$ ) lea!r cleats to prev5t slipp+4 ,illu/ration3 ,football %oes ,a beg9n] at football c ga9 a lot ( valuable po9ts by c>efully wat*+ ! practice ( 8 team f ! side l9es4 ,he is !n 9 a position :5 call$ ^u to fill a giv5 position :i* he may be try+ =1 )\t oblig+ ! coa* or capta9 to give him in/ruction 9 _m rudim5ts :i* he c j z well le>n f obs]vation4 ,he mu/ also be ?or\ghly famili> ) ! rules & _! int]pretation4 ,a violation ( ! rules 9 football c>ries ) x a sev]e p5alty = ! team1 provid$ ( c\rse t ! ref]ee sees x1 consequ5tly1 a beg9n] mu/ be especially c>eful n to p]mit 8 anxiety to make a good %[+ to result 9 be+ (fside :5 ! ball is put 9 play1 int]f]+ ) a man ab\t to make a fair cat* or 9 do+ _m o!r ?+s :i* ! excitem5t ( ! game may occasion4 ,! mom5t ( putt+ ! ball into play is call$ a 8scrimmage0 & ! scrimmage cont9ues until ! ball is d[n$4 ,a ball is 8d[n0 :5 ! runn] is br\ght to a /&/ill or :5 he t\*es ! gr\nd ) any "p ( 8 body except 8 h&s or feet4 ,at ?is po9t ! ref]ee w bl[ 8 :i/le & a l9eup = a new scrimmage w take place4 ,illu/ration3 ,! football uni=m ,:5 ! ball is kick$1 a memb] ( ! oppos+ team :o raises 8 h& & /&s 9 "o spot is entitl$ to make a cat* )\t int]f]5ce1 :i* if successful gives 8 team a free kick4 ,9 a free kick 8 oppon5ts may n come )9 t5 y>ds ( :]e ! ball 0 caught & "s memb] ( 8 team may kick ei!r a drop kick1 punt or place kick z he sees fit4 ,aft] a t\*d[n1 :i* c\nts five1 a place kick = goal is attempt$4 ,if ! ball goes betwe5 ! goal po/s & above ! crossb> x c\nts "o po9t additional = ! team mak+ ! t\*d[n1 or six 9 all4 ,a score ( "o alone _c be made 9 football1 z ! attempt = goal _c be made until aft] a t\*d[n4 ,?is ( c\rse does n apply to a field goal1 :i* may be attempt$ at any "t :ile ! ball is 9 possession ( ! team & :i* c\nts ?ree4 ,! smalle/ score is f a 8safety10 :i* results :5 a memb] ( a team is =c$ to t\* ! ball d[n beh9d 8 own goal or is d[n$ !re by ! oppos+ team4 ,?is play c\nts two = 8 oppon5ts & is an evid5ce ( weakness ( ! team4 ,x has ! advantage1 h[ev]1 ( p]mitt+ ! ball to be br\ght out tw5ty-five y>ds to be put into play4 ,! rules ( football 7 practically un*ang$ = a numb] ( ye>s1 b ! game develop$ s _m dang]\s features t ne>ly all ! colleges rec5tly agre$ to c]ta9 important *anges especially direct$ to aboli%+ mass play & l9e buck+4 ,= t reason ! rules = ! pres5t game may be *ang$ consid]ably )9 a few ye>s4 ,a boy tak+ up football %\ld !re=e acqua9t himself ) ! late/ rules gov]n+ ! sport4 ,football requires c>eful tra9+1 b ! be/ tra9+ w come f actual play itself4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! season a p]iod ( t5 m9utes' h>d play is all t a boy %\ld be call$ ^u to d1 unless he is 9 excell5t physical %ape4 ,aft] t ! "t ( practice %\ld be l5g!n$ until a c&idate c g ?r\gh a game ( two full halves )\t be+ exhau/$4 ,"o reason = _m football injuries is t ! play]s become s completely w9d$ t ! ord9>y p[] ( resi/ance is lo/4 ,besides actual play ! be/ tra9+ is 9 tak+ long runs to improve ! w9d1 "o ( ! mo/ ess5tial ?+s 9 football4 ,9 ! colleges tra9+ = ne>ly all a?letic ev5ts is done 9 ?is way & a c&idate :o _c g out ) 8 squad & run f\r or five miles at a /iff dog trot w h b little *ance ( mak+ 8 team4 ,,xvii ,,lawn ,,t5nis ,h[ to make & m>k a t5nis c\rt--,clay & sod c\rts--,! prop] grip ( ! racket--,golf--,! /rokes & equipm5t ,! /eady gr[? 9 popul>ity ( lawn t5nis z well z ! spl5did ex]cise t results f play+ ?is game has giv5 x a sure place 9 ! field ( a?letic sports4 ,x is a game t requires a great deal ( skill1 & z no "o realizes ?is fact m ?an ^? :o are exp]ts1 a beg9n] %\ld n be det]r$ f play+ t5nis simply because he may fe> ! criticism ( ! m exp]i5c$4 ,! only way to le>n ! v>i\s /rokes & to be able to play a good game is to practise at e opportunity4 ,x is bett] to play aga9/ "s "o :o is m skilful ?an ourselves & :o w keep u on our mettle to make a good %[+4 ,! eye & ! muscles mu/ "w automatically & ) precision4 ,no am\nt ( writt5 in/ructions c give u ?is skill4 ,! p]sonal outfit = play+ t5nis is ( c\rse v simple4 ,e play] %\ld own 8 racket & become accu/om$ to x4 ,!y co/ almo/ any price up to eight doll>s1 :i* w buy ! v be/ rackets made4 ,! weight & size ( ! racket w dep5d on our /r5g?4 ,! av]age weight = a man is ab\t f\rte5 ounces & = a boy an ounce or two light]4 ,a skilful play] becomes s accu/om$ to ! feel+ & weight ( 8 own racket t (t5 he w play an indiff]5t game if he is =c$ to use any o!r4 ,! game ( lawn t5nis 0 fir/ play$ on a lawn or grass c\rt1 & _m play]s /ill pref] ?is k9d ( a c\rt1 b ! difficulty ( obta9+ a good sod1 & aft] hav+ obta9$ x ! great] difficulty ( keep+ x 9 good condition1 h increas$ ! popul>ity ( a sk9n$ or clay c\rt1 :i* is always 9 fair condition except imm$iately aft] a heavy ra94 ,! exp5se ( ma9ta9+ a t5nis c\rt is m ?an mo/ boys or mo/ families w\ld c>e to und]take4 ,z a rule1 t5nis c\rts fall 9 ! same g5]al class ) golf l9ks 9 t !y l5d !mselves readily to ! jo9t own]%ip ( a club or s*ool1 :]e ! exp5se falls on a numb] r ?an on an individual4 ,9 a great _m places ! boys ( a t[n or village h clubb$ toge!r & h obta9$ p]mission f "s "o own+ a piece ( vacant gr\nd t is n likely to be sold or improv$ )9 a few ye>s & h built a t5nis c\rt on x4 ,?is arrangem5t helps ! appe>ance ( ! l&1 t %\ld be secur$ at a v l[ r5tal1 or none at all if ! own] is public spirit$ & pref]s to see ! boys ( 8 t[n gr[ up z heal?y1 a?letic m5 r ?an weakl+s :o h no place = recreation b 9 ! village /reets1 :]e pass+ trucks & automobiles w endang] _! lives1 or at lea/ cause !m to be a nuisance to ! public4 ,illu/ration3 ,! dim5sions ( a t5nis c\rt ,to build a t5nis c\rt prop]ly means a lot ( "w & x %\ld only be attempt$ "u ! direction ( "s "o :o und]/&s x4 ,! ?+s mo/ important are good dra9age1 good light1 & suffici5t room4 ,a d\ble c\rt is #cf feet wide by #gb feet long1 b 9 t\rnam5t games or on c\rts :]e exp]ts play x is cu/om>y to h an op5 space ab\t #fj feet wide by #aaj to #abj feet long1 to give ! play]s pl5ty ( room to run back & o!rwise to play a fa/ game4 ,a c\rt %\ld always be laid out nor? & s\? or z ne> ^! po9ts ( ! compass z possible4 ,9 c\rts runn+ ea/ & we/ ! sun is sure to be 9 ! eyes ( "o ( ! play]s ne>ly all day2 ?is is ( c\rse a v s]i\s objection4 ,:ile x is v pleasant to play t5nis 9 ! %ade ( a tree or build+1 a c\rt %\ld nev] be locat$ "u ^! conditions if x is possible to avoid x4 ,a prop]ly plac$ c\rt %\ld be fully expos$ to ! sun all day4 ,fir/ ( all x w be necess>y to decide :e!r a grass or 8dirt0 c\rt is to be built4 ,if ! grass is f9e & ! place :]e ! c\rt is to be happ5s to be level1 !re is little to d b to cut ! sod v %ort ) a lawn-m[] & to m>k out ! c\rt4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 !re is mu* grad+ or levell+ to be done1 a dirt c\rt w be mu* *eap] & bett] 9 ! end1 z con/ant play+ on turf soon we>s b>e spots4 ,! upkeep ( a grass c\rt w be exp5sive unless x is feasible to move its position f "t to "t4 ,:atev] ! c\rt is to be1 ! fir/ "q to consid] is prop] dra9age4 ,if ! subsoil is s&y ! *ances are t ! natural soakage w take c>e ( ! surplus wat]1 b on ! contr>y1 if ! c\rt is at ! bottom ( a hill or 9 a l[ place :]e clay pr$om9ates1 x is necess>y to provide "s means ( gett+ rid ( ! surplus wat] f ra9falls or our c\rt may be a sea ( mud j :5 x w\ld be mo/ useful to u4 ,to level a c\rt prop]ly we %all ne$ ! s]vices ( "s "o exp]t ) a levell+ in/rum5t ( "s k9d4 ,x is n safe to dep5d on :at seems to be level to our eye1 z our judgm5t is (t5 influ5c$ by lean+ trees1 ! horizon1 & o!r natural objects4 ,) a few /akes driv5 into ! gr\nd1 ! tops ( :i* are level1 we are enabl$ to /ret* l9es :i* w give u our levels accurately4 ,a c\rt %\ld h a slope ( a few in*es f "o end to ! o!r to c>ry (f wat]4 ,aft] ! level is det]m9$1 all !re is to mak+ a c\rt is to fill 9 or cut away soil & e>? until ! prop] level space is obta9$4 ,z a rule x is bett] to dig away = a c\rt r ?an to fill 91 z we ?us obta9 a bett] bottom & "o t w require b little roll+4 ,9 ! case ( a slope1 x is well s to locate ! c\rt t ! am\nt ( e>? excavat$ f "o end w be j ab\t suffici5t to fill 9 ! o!r4 ,! f9al surfac+ ( a c\rt is done by means ( clay & s& 9 ! proportion ( ab\t f\r or five to "o1 ! clay ( c\rse be+ 9 excess4 ,to mix clay & s& ?or\ghly1 ! =m] %\ld fir/ be pulv]iz$ ?or\ghly :5 dry & ! mixture sift$ ov] ! c\rt c>efully & ev5ly4 ,! next /ep is roll+ & wett+1 & m roll+ & wett+ until f9ally ! :ole is all[$ to dry & is ready = play4 ,! slight irregul>ities & roll] ridges t (t5 appe> 9 a c\rt w soon be worn (f by ! play]s' feet1 b play+ ( c\rse w n *ange ! grade4 ,a new c\rt w be greatly improv$ by use1 b no "o %\ld be all[$ on a c\rt except ) rubb]-sol$ %oes4 ,heel$ %oes w soon ru9 a c\rt1 & x is bad practice ev5 to all[ any "o to walk ov] a c\rt unless ) prop] footwe>4 ,! prelim9>y levell+ ( a c\rt c be accompli%$ ) a rake & a /raight-edg$ bo>d1 b aft] ! clay has become pack$ & h>d x w be necess>y to use consid]able =ce 9 scrap+ (f ! inequalities4 ,a metal cutt+ edge1 su* z a hoe or scrap]1 w be f\nd useful4 ,a c\rt %\ld be swept ) a co>se broom to di/ribute ! f9e mat]ial ev5ly4 ,ano!r v good sweep] c be made f a piece ( wood ab\t six or eight feet long to :i* sev]al ?icknesses ( bagg+ h be5 tack$ or fa/5$4 ,! f9al /ep 9 mak+ a c\rt consi/s 9 m>k+ x out4 ,mo/ c\rts are m>k$ s t !y w be suitable ei!r = s+les or d\bles or s t ei!r two or f\r p c play at a "t4 ,:]e tape m>k]s are to be us$1 ! prop] di/ances w appe> on ! tape )\t measur+1 b if lime is us$ = m>k+ a c>eful plott+ w be necess>y to secure ! prop] di/ances1 aft] :i* ! corn]s %\ld be indicat$ by angle irons1 s t ! c\rt may be rem>k$ at any "t )\t re-measur+4 ,illu/ration3 ,a game ( d\bles 9 lawn t5nis ,consid]able difficulty is (t5 exp]i5c$ by beg9n]s 9 m>k+ out a c\rt1 &1 9 fact1 x is n a simple matt]4 ,! fir/ ?+ ( importance is to det]m9e g5]ally "o corn] ( ! c\rt & to get a base l9e & a side l9e at a true "r angle ( n9ety degrees4 ,! same pr9ciple may be employ$ t is us$ by build]s & surveyors 9 8squ>+ a build+10 z x is call$4 ,y w ne$ a t5-foot pole ) m>ks = ! feet indicat$ on x 9 lead p5cil1 & 9 addition to ?is a few #bj-p5ny spikes & a ball ( /\t tw9e4 ,drive a nail into ! gr\nd :]e y want "o corn] ( ! c\rt & fa/5 ! l9e to x2 !n /ret* ! l9e to ano!r nail to m>k ei!r a side l9e or back l9e4 ,y w !n h "o side & ! corn] fix$1 & ! problem is to get ano!r l9e at "r angles to x4 ,boys :o h /udi$ geometry "k t 89 a "r-angle triangle ! squ>e ( ! hypot5use is equal to ! sum ( ! squ>es ( ! o!r two sides40 ,x isn't necess>y to und]/& ?is1 b x is ! pr9ciple employ$ 9 8squ>+40 ,y next /ret* ano!r l9e & h "s "o hold x4 ,on ! fix$ side l9e y measure eight feet f ! corn] nail & m>k x ) a piece ( tw9e ti$ ar\nd ! l9e4 ,y also make a six-foot m>k on ! l9e to be at "r angles to x1 ! exact direction ( :i* is yet to be det]m9$4 ,bo? ( ^! measurem5ts mu/ be accurate4 ,! boy on ! end ( ! loose l9e moves x until ! di/ance betwe5 ! two pieces ( tw9e is exactly ! l5g? ( y\r t5-foot pole4 ,! angle ?us =m$ is exactly n9ety degrees1 or a "r angle4 ,hav+ obta9$ "o side & "o end1 to f9i% m>k+ is simply a matt] ( mak+ ! necess>y measurem5ts ( a c\rt z %[n on ! diagram & m>k+ ea* int]sect+ po9t ) a nail driv5 into ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,h[ to m>k out a t5nis c\rt ,ano!r way to lay out a c\rt is to drive two /akes or nails into ! gr\nd #bg feet ap>t4 7,! l9e ( ^! /akes %\ld be ! position ( ! net47 ,!n take two pieces ( tw9e1 "o #dg feet #e in*es long1 & ! o!r #ci feet4 ,fa/5 "o l9e to ea* ( ! spikes t y h plac$ #bg feet ap>t4 ,:]e ! two l9es meet z !y are pull$ taut are ! true corn]s ( ! c\rt1 z !re are only f\r po9ts :]e !y c meet4 ,! v>i\s measurem5ts c !n be m>k$ z above by ref]r+ to ! diagram4 ,x is cu/om>y to m>k a d\ble c\rt & to indicate ! l9es = s+les aft]w>d4 ,! game ( t5nis may be play$ ei!r by two or f\r p]sons1 or sometimes an exp]t play] w /& two beg9n]s4 ,! ball us$ is rubb] fill$ ) air & cov]$ ) :ite felt & is #b in*es 9 diamet]4 ,x is necess>y to play ) two balls1 & to save "t 9 *as+ ^? t g wild x is cu/om>y to play ) ?ree or f\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,photographs ( ,t5nis ,/rokes ,tak5 9 ,actual ,play ,"o ( ! play]s beg9s by s]v+4 ,! selection ( ! c\rt is usually *os5 by lot or by toss+ up a racket 9 a way simil> to toss+ a c5t4 ,! side ( ! racket :]e ! wov5 gut appe>s is call$ 8r\gh10 & ! o!r side 8smoo?40 ,?is practice is n to be recomm5d$1 z x injures ! racket4 ,x is bett] to toss a co94 ,! game ( t5nis consi/s 9 knock+ ! ball ov] ! net & into ! c\rt ( y\r oppon5t1 keep+ up ?is volley until "o side or play] fails to make ! return prop]ly or at all1 :i* scores 8 oppon5t a po9t4 ,:ile a game 9 t5nis consi/s ( f\r po9ts1 ! simple numb]s f "o to f\r are n us$4 ,! po9ts run #ae1cj1 #dj1 game1 :5 "o side makes !m all4 ,or x may be 8#ae-cj10 8#ae all10 & s on1 ! score ( ! s]v] be+ m5tion$ fir/4 ,:]e "o side has no?+ _! score is call$ 8love40 ,:5 "o side has scor$ f\r po9ts ! game is won--) ?is exception3 ,:5 bo? sides are ti$ at #dj1 or 8deuce10 z x is call$1 ! w9n]s mu/ make two po9ts m ?an _! oppon5ts to w94 ,9 ?is way ! game may be cont9u$ = a long "t z ! po9ts are won fir/ by "o side & !n by ! o!r4 ,! score at deuce1 or 8#dj all10 w be d5ot$ z 8vantage 90 or 8vantage out10 dep5d+ ^u :e!r ! s]v]'s side or ! o!r w9s "o ( ! two po9ts necess>y to w9 f 8deuce40 ,if fir/ "o side1 !n ! o!r1 obta9s "o ( ^! po9ts ! score w be 8vantage 90 or 8out10 z ! case may be1 & !n 8deuce0 aga91 until f9ally :5 two po9ts cle> are made x is 8game40 ,a set ( t5nis consi/s 9 w9n+ six games1 b 9 ?is case also !re is a peculi> condition4 ,:]e ea* side w9s five games x is necess>y 9 ord] to w9 ! set to obta9 a lead ( two games4 ,! score 9 games is !n d5ot$ j z 9 a s+le game1 8deuce0 & 8vantage0 games be+ play$ until a majority ( two is won4 ,illu/ration3 7a7 ! "r & 7b7 ! wrong way to hold a t5nis racket ,to le>n ! game ( t5nis1 fir/ obta9 a prop] grip ( ! racket4 ,x %\ld always be held firmly & z ne> ! end z possible1 ! lea!r butt be+ inside ! h&4 ,a loose grip w absolutely prev5t a play] f becom+ exp]t1 z ! accuracy & quickness t are a "p ( t5nis c nev] be obta9$ unless we h ! racket "u p]fect control4 ,! v>i\s backh&1 high & l[ /rokes w only come f con/ant practice4 ,! mo/ important /roke to ma/] z well z ! mo/ difficult is a swift1 accurate s]vice4 ,a play] :o is o!rwise a fair play] c easily lose game aft] game by n hav+ ma/]$ 8 s]vice /roke1 & ?us he beats himself )\t any ef=t on ! "p ( 8 oppon5t4 ,! v>i\s 8twi/0 s]vices h almo/ pass$ out ( use4 ,ev5 ! be/ play]s employ a /raight1 swift ov]h& ball4 ,to fail to s]ve ! ball ov] ! net & 9 ! prop] place is call$ a 8fault40 ,! play] has two *ances & to fail 9 bo? is call$ 8a d\ble fault40 ,a common mi/ake is to attempt a swift sma% on ! fir/ ball1 :i* may fail half ! "t1 & !n to make sure ( ! second ball by an easy /roke :i* a skilful oppon5t c return almo/ at w & ?us ei!r ext5d u to ! utmo/ to return x or else make u fail altoge!r4 ,x is bett] to make sure ( ! fir/ s]ve ?an to attempt a m difficult s]ve ?an our skill w p]mit4 ,,golf ,! game ( golf1 :ile ( comp>atively rec5t introduction 9 ?is c\ntry1 has sprung rapidly into popul>ity4 ,x is h>d to say j :y x %\ld be su* a popul> game except t x comb9es a c]ta9 am\nt ( heal?ful outdoor ex]cise ) an unlimit$ opportunity = skill1 & 9 addition to ?is1 unlike ! m viol5t games1 x c be jo9$ 9 by old z well z "y4 ,! prop] con/ruction & ma9t5ance ( a golf c\rse is an exp5sive proposition4 ,a private c\rse is altoge!r out ( ! "q except = ! v weal?y4 ,a club 9 />t+ ) a limit$ am\nt ( money w f9d x m satisfactory to beg9 ) ! con/ruction ( a n9e-hole or ev5 a six-hole c\rse r ?an to attempt a full c\rse ( eighte5 holes :i* w be indiff]5tly con/ruct$ or kept up4 ,! av]age eighte5-hole c\rse is ab\t ?ree miles long & is built accord+ to ! g5]al lay ( ! l&4 ,a hole 9 golf consi/s 9 ! /ret* betwe5 ! 8tee10 f :i* ! ball is knock$ (f1 & ! 8putt+ gre510 :]e ! play] 8putts0 ! ball into ! 8hole0--a c sunk into ! gr\nd :i* has ab\t ! same diamet] z a tomato c4 ,! score consi/s 9 ! numb] ( /rokes requir$ to make ! hole1 & ( c\rse ! play] mak+ ! fewe/ numb] ( /rokes is ! w9n] ( ! hole or mat*4 ,illu/ration3 ,address+ ,illu/ration3 ,at ! top ( ! sw+ ,illu/ration3 ,j be=e ! ball is /ruck ,golf has b few rules4 ,! secret ( play+ well consi/s 9 be+ able to sw+ ! clubs ) accuracy & precision4 ,!re is no game :]e prop] =m c\nts = m & none 9 :i* m c>eful prelim9>y in/ruction by an exp]t is s important4 ,if "o c at ! v outset obta9 ! s]vices ( a pr(essional or a skilful play] = a few lessons1 x w d f> m good ?an t5 times z _m lessons aft] we h contract$ bad habits :i* w h to be unle>n$4 ,! sure/ way to be a poor golf] is fir/ to ?9k t x is a sort ( 8old man's game10 or1 z "o boy said1 8a game ( knock+ a pill ar\nd a t5-acre lot02 !n :5 ! *ance to play our fir/ game comes along to d x indiff]5tly1 only to le>n lat] t !re is a lot m to ! skill ( a good play] ?an we ev] realiz$4 ,ano!r v common mi/ake is to buy a complete outfit ( clubs1 :i* a beg9n] always improp]ly calls 8/icks10 be=e we really "k j :at %ape & weight ( club is be/ adapt$ to our ne$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a good outfit ( clubs = golf ,! common clubs 9 mo/ play]s' outfits consi/ ( a driv]1 brassie1 cleek1 iron1 & putt]4 ,we c add to ?is li/ almo/ indef9itely if we wi%1 z !re are all sorts ( clubs made = v>i\s %ots & ) v>i\s angles4 ,! game ( golf consi/s 9 cov]+ a c]ta9 fix$ c\rse 9 ! fewe/ numb] ( %ots4 ,we %all h to practise bo? = di/ance & accuracy4 ,! fir/ few %ots on a hole ( av]age l5g? w give u an opportunity = di/ance4 ,?is is especially true ( ! fir/ %ot1 or drive1 b aft] t we make :at are kn[n z approa* %ots--t is to say1 we are approa*+ ! putt+ gre5 :]e we complete ! hole by 8putt+0 ! ball into ! t9 cup sunk into ! gr\nd4 ,on ! gre5 we %all ne$ to be v c>eful1 z a /roke wa/$ or poorly play$ c\nts j z mu* aga9/ our score if ! ball goes only a few feet z if we slic$ or 8foozl$0 our drive4 ,9 scor+ = golf !re are two me?ods3 ,ei!r ! score ( ea* hole is tak5 & ! w9n] ( a majority ( holes w9s ! mat*1 or ! total score 9 c\nt$ z 9 8m$al0 or 8t\rnam5t play40 8,bogie score0 is a fictiti\s score = ! c\rse t is suppos$ to d5ote p]fect play+ )\t flukes or luck4 ,! my/]i\s 8,colonel ,bogie0 is an imag9>y play] :o always makes ?is score4 ,illu/ration3 ,h[ ,an ,exp]t ,plays ,golf ,,xviii ,,photography ,! selection ( a cam]a--,snap%ots vs4 real pictures--,h[ to make a photograph f />t to f9i% ,aside f our own pleasant recollections1 an album ( photographs c be ! mo/ satisfactory rem9d] ( ! good times we h _h on "s vacation or outdoor trip4 ,photography has be5 made s easy & s inexp5sive by mod]n me?ods t e "o %\ld h "s k9d ( a cam]a4 ,small in/rum5ts capable ( tak+ really excell5t pictures )9 _! limits c be b\ght = five doll>s or ev5 less4 ,( c\rse we _c hope (t5 to obta9 pictures t w be really arti/ic ) su* a small outfit1 b sometimes ! inexp5sive cam]as w give rem>kably good results4 ,snap%ot pictures seem to fill su* an important place 9 our outdoor life t no vacation or excursion trip seems to be complete unless "s "o takes along a cam]a4 ,! mod]n way ( tak+ pictures1 :i* is simply press+ a button & s5d+ a film to ! pr(essional to 8d ! re/10 includ+ develop+1 pr9t+ & m\nt+1 is really n photography4 ,almo/ any "o c take pictures ) a small h& cam]a4 ,! manufactur]s h p]fect$ in/rum5ts s complete = ?is k9d ( "w t !re is v little = u to d beyond be+ sure t we h an unexpos$ section ( film 9 place & t we h suffici5t light to obta9 a picture4 ,( c\rse we mu/ h ! focus "r & mu/ be sure we are po9t+ at :at we wi% to take4 ,real photography is q diff]5t f snap%ot "w4 ,x is a hobby s fasc9at+ & ) su* great possibilities t !re is sc>cely any?+ t w give a boy or girl m real pleasure 9 life & a bett] opportunity to be outdoors ?an to become an exp]t outdoor photograph]4 ,un=tunately x is a r exp5sive pa/ime1 b ev5 ) a mod]ate pric$ in/rum5t we c obta9 excell5t results "u ! "r conditions4 ,i h se5 a prize-w9n+ picture 9 an exhibition t 0 made ) a cig> box1 ) a p9hole 9 "o end = a l5s4 ,ev5 ?\gh "o does n c>e to become an exp]t photograph]1 by all means get a cam]a & make snap%ots4 ,x is q a common idea = an amateur to attribute 8 failures to defects 9 8 mat]ial or outfit4 ,y may be sure :5 y fail x is y\r own fault4 ,deal]s 9 photographic supplies con/antly h compla9ts f cu/om]s ab\t defective mat]ials1 & c]ta9ly n9e out ( e t5 ( ^! cases are simply due to ! c>elessness ( ! op]ator ) p]fectly good mat]ial4 ,x is well = a beg9n] 9 photography to />t ) a simple snap%ot cam]a4 ,!y c be b\ght = ?ree or f\r doll>s up to tw5ty-five4 ,su* cam]as are us$ ) films1 & simply require ! op]ator to expose 8 film 9 pl5ty ( light & ) ! prop] att5tion to ! di/ance t ! object to be photograph$ may be f ! cam]a4 ,until we c accurately e/imate di/ances1 su* z #h1 #ae1 #be or m feet1 x w be f> saf] to pace (f ! di/ance1 rememb]+ t a long /ep = a boy is ab\t equival5t to ?ree feet4 ,"s cam]as h a univ]sal focus & require no adju/+1 b an adju/able cam]a w usually give bett] results4 ,"s cam]as are s con/ruct$ t !y may be us$ ei!r z a h& ma*9e or on a tripod = view "w4 ,!y c also be adapt$ ei!r to films or plates & be op]at$ ) ! gr\nd glass = focuss+1 or if desir$1 ! focuss+ scale & view f9d] may be us$4 ,! size ( our cam]a w dep5d l>gely ^u our purse4 ,! co/ ( ! cam]a itself is n ! only ?+ to consid]4 ,all ! plates & supplies increase 9 proportion to ! size ( our in/rum5t4 ,a good all ar\nd size is #dx#e1 or if we really wi% to become photograph]s ! #ex#g is a /&>d4 ,a numb] ( new sizes h rec5tly be5 introduc$ & h prov5 v satisfactory4 ,p]haps ! be/ size = a snap%ot cam]a is #c x #e4 ,!re are a great _m makes ( cam]as on ! m>ket1 b ev5 at ! risk ( adv]tis+ "o firm m ?an ano!r x is only fair to say t !re is really no?+ bett] 9 pocket snap%ot ma*9es ?an ! kodaks4 ,9 view cam]as x is diff]5t4 ,!re are in/rum5ts ( a doz5 makes any ( :i* w produce excell5t results4 ,! te/s to apply 9 select+ a view cam]a are its workman%ip1 compactness1 & ! v>i\s atta*m5ts & conv5i5ces x has4 ,! salesman f :om y pur*ase w expla9 fully j :at its possibilities are1 especially if y take "s exp]i5c$ p]son ) y :o c ask que/ions4 ,suppose y beg9 photograph+ ) a simple 8snap%ot0 outfit4 ,! fir/ ?+ to rememb] is t !re is absolutely no excuse = ! l>ge p]c5tages ( failures t beg9n]s h 9 mak+ pictures1 & :i* are due solely to _! own c>elessness & inatt5tion to simple details4 ,fir/ ( all1 imm$iately aft] mak+ an exposure1 be sure to =m ! habit ( turn+ ! key until a fre% film comes into place2 !n y w nev] be tr\bl$ ) ! "q :e!r y h expos$ ! film or n4 ,e pr(essional photograph] :o develops = amateurs h&les _m films 9 :i* "s ( ! negatives are blank & "s are d\ble negatives ) two pictures on "o film4 ,?is is solely ! fault ( ! photograph]1 :o 0 nev] q sure & w\ld fir/ make ! mi/ake ( expos+ a film twice1 !n turn+ ! roll )\t expos+ x at all4 ,if y are really 9 d\bt1 x is bett] to turn ! roll to ! next numb]1 z y ?us simply lose a film b pres]ve bo? negatives2 if1 on ! o!r h&1 y make a d\ble exposure1 y w lose bo? pictures4 ,! snap%ot photograph] %\ld nev] take a picture unless he really wants x & unless he is pretty c]ta9 ( mak+ a picture4 ,snapp+ "h & !re )\t a prop] condition ( light1 focus1 or subject is a v bad habit to contract4 ,until y c make at lea/ eight good pictures out ( t5 y are n a photograph]4 ,no av]age l[] ?an ?is %\ld satisfy y4 ,d n blame ! l5s = y\r failures4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ! art ( mak+ l5ses has advanc$ wond]fully1 & :ile ! "o 9 y\r cam]a may n be an exp5sive "o or capable ( a wide range ( use1 x is at lea/ adapt$ to ! purpose ( y\r in/rum5t or y may be sure t ! manufactur]s w\ld nev] h us$ x4 ,we %\ld n consid] ! snap%ot exp]t :o m]ely presses ! button z a real photograph]1 ev5 ?\gh he obta9s f9e pictures4 ,no "o des]ves ?is "n :o does n und]/& ! op]ations ( ! d>k room4 ,"o :o has exp]i5c$ ! wond]ful s5sation ( work+ 9 a fa9t yell[-ruby light & by ! application ( c]ta9 my/]i\s *emicals ( see+ a picture gradually come into view on ! creamy surface ( a dry plate w nev] aga9 be satisfi$ to pu% ! button & all[ "s "o else 8to d ! re/40 ,h[ev]1 if y d n wi% to g into photography ext5sively y may at lea/ le>n j :at limits y\r h& cam]a has1 & at ! end ( ! season 9 place ( a lot ( ill-tim$ pictures y c h an album full ( cr$itable pr9ts = :i* no apology w be necess>y4 ,x is q beyond ! limits ( ?is *apt] to g into photography fully1 b "s ( ! simple pr9ciples may be ( use to ! boy or girl :o has tak5 up ! subject4 ,! mod]n snap%ot cam]a ev5 ( small size has great possibilities4 ,) a cle> negative we c h an enl>gem5t made on bromide pap] t w be a s\rce ( great satisfaction4 ,! actual mak+ ( enl>gem5ts is usually beyond ! limits ( an amateur's outfit4 ,9 ?is "p ( photographic "w x w be bett] to patronize a pr(essional4 ,to become an exp]t photograph] & "o ^: "w w be wor? :ile1 we mu/ really make a /udy ( ! subject4 ,! mod]n outfits & *emicals make x v easy = u if we d our "p4 ,! basis ( successful "w is a good l5s1 :i* is really ! eye ( ! cam]a4 ,9 select+ x we %\ld get j z good a "o z we c af=d4 ,!re are a great _m excell5t makes ( l5ses on ! m>ket & ev5 ! /ock types t are suppli$ ) mod]ate pric$ cam]as are ( v good quality4 ,! two di/9ct types ( l5ses are ! 8rapid rectil9e>0 & ! 8ana/igmatic10 :i* names ref] to _! optical prop]ties 9 di/ribut+ ! light4 ,= our purpose all we ne$ to "k is t ! high] price we pay ! bett] our l5ses w be1 & 9 addition to ?is ! fur!r fact t ! be/ k9d ( results c be obta9$ by any l5s provid$ t we d n try to =ce x to d "w = :i* x is n adapt$4 ,to und]/& photography we mu/ fir/ ( all get a cle> notion ( ! use & purpose ( ! /ops1 z ! v>i\s op5+s or ap]tures are call$ t ! l5s is provid$ )4 ,a 8fa/0 l5s is "o t w give a %>p picture at a maximum op5+1 & su* l5ses are bo? ! mo/ exp5sive & ! mo/ univ]sal 9 _! application4 ,l5ses ( ?is class are us$ 9 mak+ in/antane\s pictures ) v rapid exposures1 & = ord9>y view or portrait "w w produce no bett] results ?an mu* sl[] & less exp5sive types4 ,p]haps ! be/ way to und]/& photography z an art r ?an a 8pu% ! button0 pa/ime is to take up ! process ( mak+ a picture /ep by /ep4 ,to beg9 )1 ! real photograph] w use plates in/ead ( films1 z mu* bett] pictures usually are possible by _! use4 ,dry plates come a doz5 9 a box1 usually pack$ face to face--t is1 ) ! film or s5sitive sides fac+4 ,! plate-hold] mu/ be load$ 9 a d>k room or d>k closet1 ) absolutely no exposure to daylight or any artificial light :atev] except a v fa9t light f a d>k-room lant]n1 a comb9ation ( ruby & yell[ glass or pap]4 ,we %\ld always te/ our d>k room & light by means ( a plate be=e we tru/ !m to actual work+ conditions4 ,take a fre% plate & cov] x half ) a piece ( c>dbo>d1 or if x is 9 a hold] draw ! slide half way out & all[ ! d>k-room light to /rike x = five m9utes1 !n develop ! plate j z y w\ld an expos$ negative1 & if ! te/ plate %[s ! effect ( ! exposure & d>k5s1 we %all ne$ to make our light saf] ei!r by add+ a %eet or two ( yell[ or ruby pap] or we mu/ exam9e our room c>efully to /op up any cracks :]e rays ( :ite light may ent]4 ,we mu/ rememb] t a plate s5sitive en\gh to record in/antane\s exposures ( #a-ejj ( a second mu/ be s5sitive to any t9y ray ( outside light also4 ,almo/ any room w make a d>k room1 especially if x is us$ at night4 ,by draw+ ! %ades & by do+ our "w 9 a f> corn] ( ! room away f outside light we are comp>atively safe4 ,( c\rse an electric /reet lamp or o!r bright light w\ld h to be %ut out1 b ?is c easily be done by p9n+ up a blanket ov] ! w9d[4 ,:5 we h load$ our plate-hold]s we are ready to make a picture4 ,suppose1 = example1 x is to be a h\se or a vi/a ( "s k9d su* z a gr\p ( trees or a bit ( wat]3 ! fir/ ?+ ( importance is to obta9 a po9t ( view t w n only give u ! picture we desire b t w leave out any undesirable features t we d n c>e to take4 ,"s cam]as are provid$ ) a small view f9d] = snap%ot "w1 & ?is may (t5 be us$ to get a g5]al idea ( :at ! picture w be4 ,successful photography consi/s l>gely 9 kn[+ j :at to take & :at to omit4 ,sometimes an ugly piece ( f5ce or a po/ w spoil an o!rwise excell5t picture4 ,we mu/ also rememb] t 9 a photograph our col\rs are express$ 9 black & :ite1 & !re=e a picture t dep5ds on its col\r contra/ = its beauty1 su* z autumn foliage or a sunset1 may be disappo9t+ z a photograph4 ,:5 we h decid$ ^u our subject1 ! next /ep is to set our cam]a 9 ! prop] position to p]mit ! plate to take 9 :at we wi%4 ,usually x w be necess>y to %ift our position sev]al times until we f9d ! prop] position4 ,! tripod %\ld be firmly set on ! gr\nd & ! cam]a made z level z possible4 ,! cam]a %\ld !n be focuss$ ) ! /op or diaphragm wide op54 ,! fact t ! image is inv]t$ z x appe>s on ! gr\nd glass w at fir/ be confus+ to a beg9n]1 b we soon become accu/om$ to x & nev] give x a ?\ght4 ,our focuss+ clo? %\ld be tightly drawn ab\t ! head to keep out z mu* outside light z possible4 ,at fir/ we h "s difficulty 9 see+ ! image on ! gr\nd glass1 b aft] we le>n to look at ! glass & n ?r\gh x we %\ld h no fur!r tr\ble 9 ?is respect4 ,by mov+ ! l5s backw>d & =w>d we f9ally /rike a position :]e ! pr9cipal image to be photograph$ w appe> %>p & cle>4 ,! cam]a is !n 9 focus1 b we %all discov] t o!r objects m 9 ! backgr\nd or =egr\nd w appe> blurr$ & confus$4 ,(t5 x is desirable to h a blurr$ or 8fuzzy0 backgr\nd1 b if we desire to br+ ! indi/9ct objects 9 focus we mu/ 8/op d[n0 our l5s fir/ by try+ ! ,no4 #h /op1 & if ?is does n accompli% ! results ! ,no4 #af1 & s on until we get :at we wi%4 ,z we look at ! image on ! gr\nd glass1 x w be evid5t t z we /op d[n our l5s1 ! m remote objects are gradually br\ght into view ) a %>p outl9e1 we %all discov] t ! image on ! gr\nd glass becomes less & less di/9ct1 :i* %[s v cle>ly t we are admitt+ less light1 & ! lesson to be le>n$ is t :5 we make ! exposure we mu/ give a correspond+ increase 9 "t z ! am\nt ( light admitt$ decreases4 ,an exposure t w\ld give a p]fect picture at ,no4 #h may be v mu* "u-expos$ at ,no4 #cb diaphragm4 ,hav+ focuss$ our cam]a & set ! /op1 we !n close ! %utt]1 ins]t ! plate-hold] 9 ! back ( ! cam]a & c>efully draw ! slide4 ,omitt+ to pull ! slide is a common mi/ake ) beg9n]s4 ,we are n[ ready to decide j :at exposure to give our plate4 ,rules = exposure are almo/ useless1 b 9 g5]al x may be said t ! mod]n plates are lightn+ fa/ & t 9 bright sunlight at midday ! av]age exposures w n be ov] #a-be ( a second4 ,an 8exposure met]0 w prove to be ( great assi/ance to a beg9n]1 b su* arrangem5ts are n (t5 us$ by exp]ts except 9 d\btful cases4 ,we soon f9d t we c guess at av]age exposures ) consid]able accuracy1 especially if we adopt a c]ta9 br& ( plate & become accu/om$ to its work+ qualities4 ,( c\rse all ( ^! spe$s mu/ be indicat$ on ! %utt]1 & all we c d is to set our %utt] at ?is po9t & squeeze ! bulb4 ,correct judgm5t 9 exposure w only come aft] exp]i5ce4 ,9 tak+ int]ior views or mak+ pictures on d>k days we %all be less likely to make a mi/ake ?an 9 bright sunlight4 ,i h made two int]ior views1 to "o ( :i* ,i gave t5 m9utes & ! o!r an h\r1 ) practically ! same result 9 ! negative4 ,an ov]-expos$ plate is flat1 :i* means t ! pr9t w lack contra/ & be unsatisfactory z a photograph4 ,aft] ! bulb is squeez$ & ! exposure made we are ready to develop our plate & to see :at result we h obta9$4 ,( c\rse 9 practice we make a numb] ( exposures be=e we beg9 to develop4 ,"s photograph]s use numb]$ plate-hold]s & keep a record ( ! pictures1 "t ( day & ( exposure1 /op & any o!r items ( int]e/4 ,we n[ take ! plate-hold] 9 our d>k room & prep>e our develop]4 ,!re are a great _m develop]s on ! m>ket & we c sc>cely make a mi/ake ) any ( !m4 ,probably ! be/ ( all is 8pyro10 b ! fact t x /a9s ! f+]s is a s]i\s objection to x = amateur use1 & almo/ any o!r develop]1 su* z metol1 eikonog5 or hydroqu9one w be bett]4 ,^! /ock develop]s usually come 9 dry salts1 :i* mu/ be dissolv$ & mix$4 ,all ( ?is "w mu/ be done 9 ! light s we c see t we are gett+ ! prop] proportions & t ! *emicals are ?or\ghly 9 solution4 ,! develop+ trays %\ld be wa%$ ?or\ghly & plac$ conv5i5tly at h& s t we c f9d !m 9 ! d>k4 ,9 addition to develop]s we mu/ h :at is call$ ! 8hypo0 fix+ ba?4 ,?is is a solution ( hyposulphite ( soda1 a *emical :i* is us$ 9 developm5t & :i* r5d]s ! plate no long] s5sitive to light1 b dissolves t "p :i* has n be5 act$ ^u by ! develop]4 ,! hypo %\ld be 9 a tray or box plac$ conv5i5tly at h& b n s locat$ t x w be liable to become mix$ ) ! develop] or 9 any way to spla% or spot ! plate4 ,we mu/ always wa% ! h&s ?or\ghly aft] imm]s+ a plate 9 ! hypo be=e h&l+ a fre% plate1 z a v few drops w ru9 a negative4 ,aft] we h prep>$ ! hypo & ! develop] we are ready to develop ! plate4 ,place x face side up 9 ! tray & quickly p\r ! develop] ov] x1 be+ sure t ! solution cov]s ! surface imm$iately1 to avoid unequal developm5t4 ,:ile we %\ld n develop 9 a /rong r$ or yell[ light we c at lea/ place our tray 9 su* a position t we may wat* ! process ( br++ up ! image out ( ! creamy surface ( ! plate4 ,?is is ! mo/ fasc9at+ "p ( photography4 ,fir/ ! high lights w appe> & !n ! %ad[s1 & !n aft] an in/ant ! :ole image w come into view & !n beg9 to fade away4 ,to "k at :at po9t developm5t %\ld /op w only come by exp]i5ce ) negatives ( all sorts ( classes4 ,g5]ally speak+1 :5 ! image fades f view & beg9s to appe> ?r\gh ! film on ! glass side we %\ld wa% x quickly & imm]se x 9 ! hypo4 ,! 8fix+0 9 hypo w take probably five m9utes & %\ld be cont9u$ until ! :ite coat+ is ?or\ghly dissolv$4 ,! plate may !n be br\ght safely to ! light & %\ld be wa%$ ?or\ghly ei!r 9 runn+ wat] = half an h\r or 9 at lea/ twelve *anges ( fre% wat]4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to t\* ! film side ( ! plate dur+ developm5t or fix+1 z ! gelat9e coat+ becomes v s(t & w %[ ! slighte/ scrat* or abrasion4 ,we mu/ dry ! plate away f du/1 sunlight1 or artificial heat4 ,aft] x is dry we are ready to make a pr9t4 ,photographic pr9t+ pap]s are ( two classes--^? :i* are us$ 9 direct sunlight & ^u :i* ! image gradually appe>s1 & ^? :i* are simil> to plates & :i* are giv5 a v %ort "t exposure 9 artificial light & ! picture develop$ j z we %\ld a plate4 ,! beg9n] w probably h m uni=m success ) sunlight pap] aft] ! simple process ( ton+ & fix+ is le>n$1 al?\gh ! develop+ pap]s are extremely simple to h&le & give bett] results4 ,! f9al /ep ( trimm+ & m\nt+ ! pr9t is too simple to require explanation4 ,!re are a great _m ?+s t might be said ab\t photography1 b 9 a book ( ?is k9d only ! mo/ simple facts are /at$4 ,if y become a photograph] y w soon le>n _m ( ! f9e po9ts4 ,our negatives %\ld all be kept c>efully 9 labell$ envelopes & a record kept 9 a book ( "s k9d4 ,:5 we really become exp]t z a photograph]1 !re are _m opportunities to make our hobby pay4 ,! publi%]s ( ne>ly all ! magaz9es exp]i5ce ! greate/ difficulty 9 secur+ ! k9d ( pictures !y wi% to reproduce4 ,?is is rem>kable :5 s _m p are tak+ pictures4 ,if "o wi%es to sell pictures1 x is important to /udy ! class ( mat]ials t ! magaz9es use4 ,!n1 if we c secure good results1 we c be almo/ sure ( dispos+ ( "s ( our "w &1 9 addition to ! money1 h ! satisfaction ( see+ our pictures publi%$4 ,,xix ,,outdoor ,,sports ,,= ,,girls ,:at to we>--,confid5ce--,horseback rid+--,t5nis--,golf--,camp+ ,a g5]ation ago ! girl :o jo9$ h] bro!r 9 8 sports w\ld h be5 consid]$ a 8tom boy10 b 9 rec5t ye>s girls h discov]$ t ) comp>atively few exceptions !y c jo9 9 ! sports & recreations ( _! bro!rs & 9 "s cases atta9 a rem>kable degree ( skill4 ,girls' s*ools h done mu* to spread ?is idea4 ,a rational outdoor co/ume & a desire to be physically well also has help$ 8! outdoor girl0 to be reg>d$ z ! highe/ type ( womanhood4 ,only h] gr&mo!r sighs ov] tann$ *eeks & muscul> arms4 ,! girl :o is n a good sport is ! exception r ?an ! rule4 ,besides1 our gr&mo!rs work$ at _! g>d5+1 :i* is out-(-door ex]cise1 & a prev5tive1 z ,kipl+ tells1 ( ! 8hump0 we get f hav+ too little to d4 ,he says3 8,! cure = ?is ill is n to sit /ill1 ,or fr[/ ) a book by ! fire1 ,b to take a l>ge hoe & a %ovel also1 ,& dig till y g5tly p]spire40 ,f a fem99e /&po9t ! fir/ "q mu/ be1 8,:at %all ,i we>80 ,!re is no ne$ to be h&icapp$ by skirts1 at lea/ :5 "o's ex]cise is tak5 9 company ) a cr[d ( girls4 ,! bicycle introduc$ ! bloom] girl & ?is co/ume is n[ g5]ally reg>d$ z prop] = outdoor girls4 ,9 camp "o %\ld 9 addition we> a sailor bl\se1 & a pair ( sneak]s1 :i* ?\gh r heat+ = ! feet are v com=table & v satisfactory = long tramps ?r\gh ! woods4 ,! rubb] soles give a firm foot+ on slipp]y moss & dead leaves1 :ile high heels might cause a wr5*$ ankle or a bad fall4 ,x is p]fectly all[able = a girl to we> a broad-brimm$ hat to avoid sunburn1 :i* might be s s]i\s z to spoil a vacation4 ,a gradually acquir$ coat ( tan is mu* m desirable4 ,! hat prev5ts heada*es or sun/roke1 nei!r ( :i* may be d>$ ) impunity by a delicate girl1 unless %e we>s h] hair on top ( h] head4 ,9 reg>d to hair1 :i* is ( great importance to its own]1 ?\gh v mu* ( a nuisance aft] ! age :5 x may be worn boyi%ly %ort1 ! "o ^w is t x mu/ be fix$ to /ay )\t re-p9n+ or tuck+ back at frequ5t int]vals4 ,= ba?+1 a girl mu/ ei!r be will+ to h h] hair well soak$ or else to put a cap on s tightly t x _c be loos5$4 ,to hesitate to try a dive = fe> ( gett+ wet hair spoils mu* ( ! sport ( swimm+4 ,ea* mom5t ( hesitation makes h] m conv9c$ t p]haps1 aft] all1 %e _h bett] n try t dive1 because %e probably w\ld n be able to d x anyway4 ,! lack ( confid5ce is disa/r\s4 ,i h kn[n girls :o c\ld swim p]fectly well 9 ! %all[s b c\ld n keep up at all 9 wat] out ( _! dep?4 ,& yet !y h n be5 t\*+ ! bottom 9 ! %all[ wat]1 b !y c\ld if !y wi%$4 ,le>n+ to swim 9 wat] t is ov] y\r head is really bett]1 ?\gh x is m 8sc>y0 at fir/4 ,if y d le>n 9 t way y c !reaft] look ^u ! deepe/ wat] ) confid5t scorn4 ,confid5ce is a necess>y possession = ! beg9n] 9 almo/ any sport4 ,x is s mu* easi] to d any?+ if we are q positive t we c4 ,probably1 because y are a girl & are mode/1 y w h to assume ?is attitude1 b 9 horseback rid+1 = example1 an in/ant ( fe> :ile on ! horse's back w 8give y away0 to ! bea/4 ,s9ce he is z ke5 z a dog to "k :5 y fe> & dislike him1 he w und\bt$ly take advantage ( x4 ,if y are q positive t y c le>n to ride & t ! horse "u y is h>mless1 y w keep a firm hold on ! re9s in/ead ( cl++ to ! saddle horn 9 a panic4 ,! try+ "p ( le>n+ to ride is t ! fir/ day's exp]i5ce is pa9fully /iff5+4 ,?is applies to almo/ any unusual ex]cise4 ,b to )draw on acc\nt ( t y may z well resign y\rself to tak+ ex]cise no m sev]e ?an t af=d$ by a rock+ *air4 ,x does n pay to /op :5 y are /iff4 ,/ick+ to x is ! only way t w tra9 ^? hi!rto unus$ muscles to p]=m _! duties ) no creak+ ( ! h+es4 ,a good night's re/ is ! utmo/ limit ( "t t %\ld int]v5e betwe5 ea* trial4 ,a girl has ! physical disadvantage ( less endurance ?an a boy1 & %e does h to c>e = h]self 9 t respect1 & leave untri$ "s =ms ( ex]cise t w\ld be ov]ex]tion = h]4 ,a girl may 8paddle h] own canoe10 ( c\rse1 )\t risk ( ov]/ra9+ h]self1 b :5 x comes to mov+ x f place to place out ( ! wat]1 ! fea!r-light canoe ( poetry becomes heavy reality4 ,two girls c c>ry a canoe betwe5 !m = a %ort di/ance )\t mu* difficulty1 b if "o is alone x is f> bett] to drag ! canoe ov] ! gr\nd1 :i* is n p>ticul>ly h>d on x1 unless ! gr\nd is r\gh4 ,! boy's way ( c>ry+ x balanc$ upside d[n on 8 %\ld]s requires consid]able /r5g?4 ,devotees ( t5nis w claim fir/ place = t among girls' sports4 ,! am\nt ( practice & quickness ( ?\ght & motion t maybe acquir$ 9 a game ( t5nis is rem>kable2 ! fasc9ation ( ! game itself r ?an ! b5efits to be d]iv$ f x w hold ! att5tion4 ,! ma9 tr\ble is 9 ! le>n+1 :i* requires unflagg+ en]gy & con/ant practice4 ,an ov]mode/ beg9n] w make ! mi/ake ( play+ only aga9/ h] likewise beg9n+ fri5ds2 ! result is t %e takes a disc\rag+ly long "t f9d+ out h[ to use h] racket prop]ly & nev] gets a *ance to return a really good s]ve4 ,x is really j z well at "s po9t 9 y\r practis+ to see "s well-tra9$ a?lete d ! ?+ y are try+ to le>n4 ,a girl c accompli% a great deal ) h] bra9 z well z ) h] muscles 9 a?letics4 ,"s "o once rem>k$ t he le>n$ to swim 9 w9t] & to skate 9 summ]4 ,he meant t aft] he _h 9 its prop] season practis$ skill 9 ! w9t] sport1 8 bra91 dur+ ! w>m mon?s1 kept repeat+ to ! muscles ^? directions until by ! next w9t] !y _h a v fair idea ( :at !y _h to d1 & respond$ m quickly & easily4 ,x is r consol+ to ?9k y d n lose "t1 b r progress1 betwe5 seasons4 ,! girl :o goes camp+ ) a cr[d ( boys & girls realizes h[ mu* dep5ds on ! m]e /r5g? ( ! boys2 at ! same "t %e h]self has an opportunity ( %[+ n only h] a?letic pr(ici5cy & n]ve1 b also h] sup]ior common s5se4 ,%e w really h to leave ! heavy "w ( pit*+ ! t5ts & *opp+ ! wood to ! boys1 b %e _c sit d[n & fold h] h&s mean:ile4 ,%e c be collect+ mat]ials = ! b$s ( balsam on :i* !y hope to sleep 9 com=t1 or %e may ga!r *ips = ! fire1 or %e may be help+ to unload ! wagon or canoes 9 :i* !y h come4 ,:5 ! t5ts are pit*$ %e has a woman's pr]ogative ( 8putt+ ! h\se 9 ord]10 & dur+ ! "t ( camp+ keep+ x s4 ,if !re is actually a case ( no?+ = h] to d1 f> bett] = h] to sit d[n & keep quiet ?an to get 9 ! way ( ! boys & bo!r !m4 ,a "y man :o 9 8 fir/ season z a guide 9 ! ,canadian woods took out a p>ty ( girls f a summ] s*ool on a camp+ trip told me t he w\ld nev] d x aga91 because !y gave him no relief f a cont9ual ra9 ( que/ions4 ,a case :]e zeal = k outruns discretion4 ,aft] ! t5ts are pit*$ & ! fire made by ! boys1 x is pla9ly up to ! girls to get supp]4 ,let u hope !y h practis$ cook+ = "s "t be=e !y w5t camp+4 ,e "o gets s desp]ately hungry 9 ! outdoor life t meals are ( fir/ importance1 z temp]s are apt to develop unexpect$ly if _m failures are turn$ out4 ,if ! girls are good cooks1 h[ev]1 & wa% ! di%es aft] ea* meal ! division ( lab\r w be fair to all conc]n$4 ,a girl is m or less dep5d5t on h] boy fri5ds = in/ruction 9 sports & consid]ably anxi\s = _! approval4 ,ev5 if %e has a woman in/ructor1 9 n9e cases out ( t5 %e requires "s k9d ( praise f "s man be=e %e is satisfi$ ) h] p]=mance4 ,si/] may tell h] t %e /e]s h] canoe ) beautiful precision1 b unless bro!r rem>ks c>elessly t 8! kid paddles pretty well0 %e w hesitate to take h] canoe 9 places :]e exp]t paddl+ is requir$4 ,:5 y "k t y c d "s ?+s z well z any boy y /ill h to re/ cont5t ) ! grudg+ assurance t 8y d pretty well = a girl40 ,,xx ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,outdoor ,,games ,! foll[+ games are describ$ 9 ?is *apt]3 ,all-ar\nd ,a?letic ,*ampion%ip ,ar*]y ,association ,football ,or ,socc] ,badm9ton ,b&y ,baseball ,basket ,ball ,bean ,bags ,be/ ,college ,a?letic ,records ,bl9d ,man's ,buff ,b\ld] ,up ,bull 9 ! ,r+ ,call ,ball ,cane ,ru% ,canoe ,tilt+ ,cat ,c\nt+-out ,rhymes ,c\rt ,t5nis ,cricket ,croquet ,curl+ ,dixie's ,l& ,duck on a ,rock ,eque/rian ,polo ,fat ,fea!r ,race ,foot-&-a-half ,football ,g>d5 ,hockey ,golf ,golf-,croquet ,hab-,enihan ,haley ,ov] ,h& ,ball ,h& ,polo ,h& ,t5nis ,hat ,ball ,hide & ,seek ,high ,kick ,hockey ,hop ,ov] ,hop ,scot* ,hunt ! ,%eep ,int]collegiate ,amateur ,a?letic ,association ( ,am]ica ,i ,spy ,jack ,fagots ,jai-,a-,li ,japanese ,fan ,ball ,kick ! ,/ick ,k+ ( ! ,ca/le ,knuckle ,!re ,lacrosse ,lawn ,b[ls ,lawn ,b[l+ ,lawn ,hockey ,lawn ,skittles ,lawn ,t5nis ,la/ ,tag ,luge-+ ,m>a?on ,race ,m>bles ,mumblety ,peg ,names ( ,m>bles ,nigg] ,baby ,olympic ,games ,"o ,old ,cat ,pass ,x ,pelota ,plug 9 ! ,r+ ,polo ,or ,eque/rian ,polo ,potato ,race ,prison]'s ,base ,pu% ,ball ,quoits ,racquets or ,rackets ,r$ ,l9e ,r$ ,lion ,roley ,boley ,roque ,r[+ ,record ,rubicon ,sack ,rac+ ,scotl&'s ,burn+ ,ski+ ,socc] ,spani% ,fly ,squa% ,/ump ,ma/] ,suck]s ,te!r ,ball ,te!r ,t5nis ,?ree-,legg$ ,rac+ ,tub ,rac+ ,volley ,ball ,w>n+ ,wa%+ton ,wat] ,polo ,wat] ,race ,wicket ,wolf & ,%eep ,wood ,tag ,yank ,:ile all ! games & sports describ$ 9 ?is *apt] are n absolutely conf9$ to outdoors1 almo/ any game 9 :i* viol5t physical ex]cise results is bett] if play$ 9 ! op5 air r ?an 9 a h\se or gymnasium4 ,9 fact1 we %\ld only play indoors :5 ! wea!r makes x impossible = u to be outside4 ,!re are v few indoor games t _c be play$ 9 ! op5 air ) prop] app>atus or rules4 ,x is also equally true t _m ( our outside sports may be play$ indoors ) c]ta9 modifications4 ,,all-,,ar\nd ,,a?letic ,,*ampion%ip ,?is conte/ 0 in/itut$ 9 ,am]ica 9 #ahhd to give a?letes an opportunity to demon/rate _! ability 9 all-ar\nd "w4 ,! conte/ is rapidly becom+ ! blue ribbon *ampion%ip ev5t 9 ,am]ica = track a?letes4 ,! foll[+ t5 ev5ts are conte/$ =3 #ajj-y>d da% ,high jump ,long jump ,vault ,?r[+ #af-p\nd hamm] ,putt+ a #af-p\nd %ot ,?r[+ #ef-p\nd weight #abj-y>d hurdle race ,half-mile walk ,"o-mile run ,! sy/em ( scor+ 9 ! ,all-ar\nd ,*ampion%ip is complicat$4 ,ea* conte/ant has 8 score made up indep5d5tly4 ,! _w's be/ amateur record is tak5 z a basis & #a1jjj po9ts are all[$ = x4 ,= example1 ! be/ record 7amateur7 = ! #ajj-y>d da% is #i seconds & = ea* ( a second m ?an ?is t ! runn] 9 ! ,all-ar\nd ,*ampion%ip conte/ makes 9 8 trial #db po9ts are d$uct$ f ?is score4 ,! same me?od is us$ 9 all ! ev5ts4 ,9 ! t5 ev5ts ! maximum score :]e ! conte/ant equall$ e _w's record w\ld be #aj1jjj po9ts4 ,! conte/ 0 won 9 #aiji by ! rem>kable score ( #g1che po9ts4 ,,ar*]y ,ar*]y is ! art ( %oot+ ) a b[ & arr[4 ,x is especially adapt$ z a lawn game = ladies & g5tlem51 b boys & girls c practise ar*]y & become pr(ici5t ) b[s & arr[s j z ! ,indians 7 or ! boys 9 ,engl& 9 ! days ( ,rob9 ,hood4 ,( c\rse ! inv5tion ( gunp[d] has practically done away ) ! b[ & arr[ ei!r z a means ( w>f>e or z a weapon to be us$ 9 ! *ase1 b x is /ill us$ by savages4 ,! mod]n b[ us$ 9 ar*]y is made ( lancewood or yew & = m5's use is usually #f feet long & = wom5 & *ildr5 #f in*es %ort]4 ,! /r5g? or pull necess>y to b5d ! b[1 giv5 9 p\nds1 det]m9es its classification4 ,! arr[s = m5's use %\ld be #bh in*es long & = wom5 #bd to #be in*es4 ,! t>get is a /raw-fill$ canvas disk pa9t$ 9 bright col\rs4 ,!re are usually five circles & ! object 9 ar*]y1 z 9 %oot+ ) fire>ms1 is to hit ei!r ! c5tre r+ or 8bull's-eye0 or z ne> to x z possible4 ,9 scor+1 a %ot 9 ! inn] gold c5tre c\nts n9e2 r$ r+1 sev52 inn] :ite r+1 five2 black r+1 ?ree1 & out] :ite r+1 "o4 ,t>gets are ( v>i\s sizes f #ah in*es 9 diamet] to #d feet1 dep5d+ on ! di/ance ( ! range4 ,a common di/ance w be f #ej to #ajj y>ds4 ,ea* ar*] %\ld h "s di/+ui%+ m>k or col\r on 8 arr[s4 ,/&>d lancewood b[s w co/ two or ?ree doll>s1 arr[s f "o to two doll>s a doz51 & t>gets f two to five doll>s ea*1 ) ?ree doll>s extra = ! t>get /&4 ,9 *ampion%ip mat*es 9 ar*]y ! cu/om>y range = m5 is #fj y>ds ) #if arr[s1 & ! same numb] ( arr[s at #ej y>ds = wom54 ,a rec5t mat* *ampion%ip 0 decid$ = m5 ) #ij hits & a total score ( #deh1 & = wom5 ) #he hits & a total score ( #dda4 ,,association ,,football ,,or ,,socc] ,a game simil> to ,rugby football except t x m closely resembles :at its "n implies & kick+ pr$om9ates4 ,a r\nd1 lea!r-cov]$ ball is us$ & ! game is consid]$ to be mu* saf] ?an our college football4 ,ef=ts consequ5tly h be5 made to introduce ! game into ,am]ican colleges because ( its less dang]\s "*4 ,z !re is practically no tackl+ or fall+1 ! 8socc]0 uni=m does n require ! same am\nt ( padd+ z a ,rugby play]'s uni=m4 ,! game is ord9>ily play$ 9 runn+ tr\s]s ) a full sleev$ %irt & special %oes ) lea!r pegs or cleats4 ,! /ock+s are roll$ d[n j bel[ ! knee4 ,! association football goal net into :i* ! ball is kick$ is fa/5$ to ! gr\nd & is made ( t>r$ rope4 ,?us f>1 ! game has n be5 v popul> 9 ,am]ica1 al?\gh a numb] ( exhibition mat* games h rec5tly be5 play$ by visit+ ,engli% teams :i* attract$ consid]able att5tion4 ,z a game1 socc] is fa/ & excit+1 & spl5did opportunities are giv5 = team "w2 b = "s reason x has n succe$$ 9 displac+ our ,am]ican game ( ,rugby1 al?\gh possibly x is m int]e/+ = ! spectator4 ,,badm9ton ,an ,engli% outdoor game simil> to lawn t5nis b play$ ) %uttlecocks4 ,! net is five feet above ! gr\nd4 ,! %uttlecock is a cork 9 :i* fea!rs h be5 ins]t$4 ,! %uttlecock is s]v$ & return$ z 9 t5nis & ei!r two or f\r may play4 ,a badm9ton c\rt is #cj feet wide & #dd feet long4 ,,b&y ,a game v simil> to hockey1 except t x is play$ out ( doors in/ead ( 9 a cov]$ r9k & a ball is us$ 9 place ( a puck or rubb] disk4 ,! "n 8b&y0 is sometimes appli$ also to %9ney or %9ty & 9 ,engl& x is also appli$ to our ,am]ican game ( ice hockey4 ,,baseball ,! national game ( ,am]ica4 7,see *apt] on baseball47 ,! game is play$ by eighte5 p]sons1 n9e on a side1 call$ 8n9es40 ,! positions are pit*]1 cat*]1 fir/ base1 second base1 ?ird base1 %ort/op1 "r-field1 left-field1 c5tre-field4 ,! fir/ six positions are call$ ! 9-field1 & ! la/ ?ree1 ! out-field4 ,! diamond or field :]e ! game is play$ is a squ>e plot ( gr\nd ) sides n9ety feet long4 ,at ea* corn] ( ! squ>e are bases call$ fir/1 second1 ?ird & home plate4 ,a game consi/s ( n9e inn+s1 9 ea* ( :i* bo? teams h an opportunity to bat ! ball & to score runs4 ,! play]s bat 9 turn & attempt to rea* ! v>i\s bases )\t be+ put out by _! oppon5ts4 ,ea* ye> ! rules are *ang$ 9 "s slight p>ticul>s1 consequ5tly a beg9n] 9 baseball mu/ be ?or\ghly famili> ) ! rules ( ! game be=e attempt+ to play4 ,! pit*] attempts to pit* ! ball ov] ! home plate to ! cat*] & ! batsman endeav\rs to hit x4 ,if ! ball aft] be+ hit is caught by "o ( ! oppos+ play]s1 or if x is ?r[n to ! base to :i* ! batsman is runn+ be=e he rea*es ! base1 he is 8out40 ,o!rwise he is 8safe0 & w try to make ! next base4 ,if he completes ! circuit ( ! f\r bases )\t be+ put out1 he scores a run = 8 team or n9e4 ,:5 a play] makes ! entire circuit )\t be+ =c$ to /op = safety he makes a 8home run40 ,a hit :i* ga9s him a s+le base only is call$ a 8base hit40 ,simil>ly if he rea*es second base x is a 8two-bagg]10 & ?ird base1 a 8?ree-bagg]40 ,aft] ?ree play]s are put out1 ! o!r side has its 8inn+s10 & at ! completion ( n9e full inn+s ! side hav+ scor$ ! greate/ numb] ( runs is ! w9n]4 ,! game ( baseball has become v sci5tific & ! sal>ies ( pr(essional play]s are almo/ z high z ^? ( ! highe/ sal>i$ m5 9 bus9ess life4 ,! ball us$ 9 ! game is made ( ! be/ all wool y>n ) a horsehide cov] & a rubb] c5tre4 ,baseball bats are usually made ( a%4 ,,basket ,,ball ,a game ( ball :i* may be play$ ei!r indoors or out1 b :i* is especially adapt$ to indoor play :5 wea!r conditions make outdoor sports impossible4 ,two baskets susp5d$ on wire r+s are plac$ at ! two opposite ends ( a room or gymnasium & ! play]s /rive to knock or pass ! ball f "o to ano!r on _! own side & to ?r[ x s t x w fall into ! basket4 ,x is n p]missible to run ) ! ball z 9 ,rugby football4 ,! ball us$ is r\nd1 b 9 o!r respects resembles ! ball us$ 9 football4 ,x is made 9 f\r sections ( gra9$ ,engli% lea!r & is inflat$ by means ( a rubb] bladd]4 ,! play]s use rubb]-sol$ %oes ) peculi> knobs1 ridges1 or depressions to prev5t slipp+4 ,! conv5tional uni=m is simply a gymnasium %irt1 runn+ tr\s]s1 & /ock+s :i* are roll$ d[n j bel[ ! knees4 ,! game ( basket ball is especially adapt$ to wom5 & girls & consequ5tly x is play$ v l>gely 9 girls' s*ools & colleges4 ,any level space may be us$ = basket ball4 ,a conv5i5t size is #dj by #fj feet4 ,! baskets us$ = goals are #ah in*es 9 diamet] & are fix$ #aj feet above ! gr\nd or floor4 ,! (ficial ball weighs ab\t #ah ounces & is #ca in*es 9 circumf]5ce4 ,five play]s con/itute a team4 ,! halves are usually tw5ty m9utes1 ) a t5-m9ute int]mission = re/4 ,x is n p]missible to kick1 c>ry or hold ! ball4 ,violation ( a rule con/itutes a f\l & gives ! oppon5ts a free ?r[ = ! basket f a po9t fifte5 feet away4 ,a goal made 9 play c\nts two po9ts & a goal f a f\l "o po9t4 ,,bean ,,bags ,?is game is kn[n to e "o by "n & yet its simple rules are (t5 =gott54 ,a c\ple ( doz5 bean bags are made 9 two col\rs ( musl94 ,! play]s /& 9 two l9es opposite ea* o!r & ev5ly divid$4 ,at ! end ( ! l9e is a clo!s basket4 ,! bags are plac$ on two *airs at ! opposite end ( ! l9e & next to ! two capta9s4 ,at a signal ! capta9s select a bag & pass x to ! next play]1 :o passes x along until f9ally x is dropp$ into ! basket4 ,:5 all ! bags are pass$ !y are !n tak5 out & pass$ rapidly back to ! />t+ po9t4 ,! side ^: bags h gone up & d[n ! l9e fir/ scores a po9t4 ,if a bag is dropp$ 9 transit x mu/ be pass$ back to ! capta91 :o />ts x aga94 ,five po9ts usually con/itute a game4 ,,be/ ,,college ,,a?letic ,,records ,^! records h be5 made 9 ! ,int]collegiate conte/s :i* are held annually "u ! ,int]collegiate ,amateur ,a?letic ,association ( ,am]ica4 #ajj-y>d da% #i seconds made 9 #ahif #bbj-y>d da% #ba seconds made 9 #ahif #ddj-y>d da% #dh seconds made 9 #aijg ,half-mile run #a m94 #ef seconds made 9 #aije ,"o-mile run #d m94 #ag seconds made 9 #aiji ,two-mile run #i m94 #bg seconds made 9 #aiji ,runn+ broad jump #bd feet #d 94 made 9 #ahii ,runn+ high jump #f feet #c 94 made 9 #aijg ,putt+ #af-p\nd %ot #df feet #e 94 made 9 #aijg ,?r[+ ! hamm] #afd feet #aj 94 made 9 #aijb ,pole vault #ab feet #c 94 made 9 #aiji #abj-y>d high hurdle #ae seconds made 9 #aijh #bbj-y>d hurdle #bc seconds made 9 #ahih ,"o-mile walk #f m94 #de seconds made 9 #ahih ,,bl9d ,,man',s ,,buff ,?is game is play$ 9 two ways4 ,9 ea* case "o play] is bl9dfold$ & attempts to cat* "o ( ! o!rs & to id5tify him by feel+4 ,9 regul> bl9d man's buff1 ! play]s are all[$ to run ab\t at w & sometimes ! game is dang]\s to ! "o bl9dfold$1 b 9 ! game ( 8,/ill ,pon0 ! "o :o is 8x0 is turn$ sev]al times & !n ann\nces1 8,/ill ,pon no m mov+10 & aw>ds a c]ta9 numb] ( /eps1 :i* may be tak5 :5 9 dang] ( capture4 ,aft] ?is numb] is exhau/$ ! play] mu/ /& p]fectly /ill ev5 ?\gh he is caught4 ,,bull ,,9 ,,! ,,r+ ,9 ?is game ! play]s =m a circle ) clasp$ h&s4 ,to be 8bull0 is ! position ( hon\r4 ,! bull is suppos$ to be lock$ 9 by v>i\s locks ( brass1 iron1 lead1 /eel1 & s on4 ,he endeav\rs to break ?r\gh ! r+ by cat*+ "s ( ! play]s (f _! gu>d4 ,he w !n run until captur$1 & ! "o :o cat*es him has ! position ( bull = ! next game4 ,9 play+1 x is cu/om>y = ! bull to engage "o pair ( play]s 9 conv]sation by ask+ "s "q su* z 8,:at is y\r lock made (80 ,at ! answ]1 brass1 lead1 etc41 he w !n make a sudd5 ru% at "s o!r "p ( ! r+ & try to break ?r\gh4 ,,call ,,ball ,9 ?is game a rubb] ball is us$4 ,"o ( ! play]s ?r[s x aga9/ a wall & z x /rikes calls out ! "n ( ano!r play]1 :o mu/ cat* x on its fir/ b\nce4 ,if he does s he 9 turn !n ?r[s ! ball aga9/ ! wall1 b if he misses he recov]s x z quickly z possible :ile ! re/ scatt]1 & calls 8/&10 at :i* signal all ! play]s mu/ /op4 ,he !n ?r[s x at :oev] he pleases4 ,if he misses he mu/ place himself aga9/ ! wall & ea* ( ! o!rs 9 turn has a free %ot at him ) ! ball4 ,,cane ,,ru% ,?is conte/ is usually held 9 colleges betwe5 ! rival fre%man & sophomore classes4 ,a cane is held by "s non-conte/ant & ! two classes endeav\r by pull+ & pu%+ & haul+ to rea* ! cane & to hold _! h&s on x4 ,at ! end ( a /at$ "t1 ! class or side hav+ ! mo/ h&s on ! cane is decl>$ ! w9n]4 ,x is a v r\gh & sometimes dang]\s game & 9 _m colleges has be5 aboli%$ on acc\nt ( s]i\s injuries result+ to "s ( ! conte/ants4 ,,canoe ,,tilt+ ,?is is a revival ( ! anci5t game ( tilt+ z describ$ 9 8,ivanhoe10 except t ! tilt]s use canoes in/ead ( horses & blunt /icks 9 place ( spe>s & lances4 ,! object is = ! tilt] to %ove 8 oppon5t out ( 8 canoe1 mean:ile see+ to x t ! same undesirable fate does n fall to 8 own lot4 ,9 s+les ea* conte/ant paddles 8 own canoe ) "o end ( 8 pike pole1 b ! sport is mu* great] if ea* canoe has two occupants1 "o to paddle & ! o!r to d ! 8tilt+04 ,,cat ,a small block ( wood po9t$ at bo? ends is us$ 9 ?is game4 ,! batt] /rikes x ) a light /ick & z x flies into ! air attempts to bat x ) ! /ick4 ,if ! cat is caught ! batt] is out4 ,o!rwise he is entitl$ to a score equal to ! numb] ( jumps x w take him to rea* ! place :]e ! cat has fall54 ,he !n returns to bat aga9 & cont9ues until he is caught out4 ,,c\nt+-,,out ,,rhymes ,almo/ e section has "s fav\rite c\nt+-out rhyme ( its own4 ,probably ! two mo/ g5]ally us$ are3 8,my "m told me to take ?is "o10 & t old classic-- 8,e5y1 me5y1 m9y1 mo4 ,cat* a nigg] by ! toe2 ,if he holl]s1 let him g4 ,e5y1 me5y1 m9y1 mo40 ,?is is also v>i$ into 8,ena1 m5a1 mona1 mite4 ,pasca1 laura1 bona1 bite4 ,eggs1 butt]1 *eese1 bread4 ,/ick1 /ock1 /one dead40 ,! object ( a c\nt+-out rhyme is to det]m9e :o is to be 8x0 = a game4 ,z ea* ^w is pron\nc$ by ! c\nt] "s "o is po9t$ at1 & at ! end ( ! v]se ! "o la/ po9t$ at is 8x40 ,,c\rt ,,t5nis ,?is game1 ?\gh v simil> to rackets & squa%1 is m sci5tific ?an ei!r4 ,! c\rt is enclos$ by f\r walls4 ,a net midway d[n ! c\rt divides ! 8s]vice0 side f ! 8haz>d0 side4 ,! rackets us$ 9 c\rt t5nis h long h&les & a l>ge face4 ,! balls us$ are ! same size z t5nis balls1 b are heavi] & /rong]4 ,9 play1 ! ball reb\nds ov] ! c\rt & _m %ots are made aga9/ ! ro(4 ,:ile some:at simil> to lawn t5nis1 ! rules ( c\rt t5nis are extremely complicat$4 ,! game is scor$ j z 9 lawn t5nis1 except t in/ead ( call+ ! s]v]'s score fir/ ! m>k] always ann\nces ! score ( ! w9n] ( ! la/ /roke4 ,,cricket ,a game ( ball :i* is g5]ally play$ 9 ,engl& & ! ,briti% prov9ces1 b :i* is n v popul> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re are two opposite sides or sets ( play]s ( elev5 m5 ea*4 ,at two po9ts #bb y>ds ap>t are plac$ two wickets #bg in*es high & consi/+ ( ?ree /icks call$ /umps4 ,z 9 baseball1 "o side takes ! field & ! o!r side is at ! bat4 ,two m5 are at bat at a "t & x is _! object to prev5t ! balls f be+ b[l$ s t !y w /rike ! wickets4 ,to d ?is a broad bat is us$ made ( will[ ) a cane h&le1 ?r\gh :i* are ins]t$ /rips ( rubb] to give great] spr+ & driv+ p[]4 ,! batsman w ei!r m]ely /op ! ball ) 8 bat or w attempt to drive x4 ,:5 ! ball is be+ field$ ! two batsm5 ex*ange wickets1 & ea* ex*ange is c\nt$ z a run1 & is m>k$ to ! cr$it ( ! batsman or /rik]4 ,! batsman is all[$ to bat until he is out4 ,?is occurs :5 ! ball /rikes ! wicket & c>ries away ei!r a bail1 ! top piece1 or a /ump1 "o ( ! ?ree /icks4 ,he is also out if he knocks d[n any "p ( 8 own wicket or all[s ! ball to d x :ile he is runn+1 or if he int]f]es ) ! ball by any "p ( 8 p]son z x is be+ ?r[n1 or if "o ( ! oppos+ play]s cat*es a batt$ ball be=e x t\*es ! gr\nd1 z 9 baseball4 ,:5 t5 ( ! elev5 m5 on a side h be5 put out x con/itutes an inn+1 & ! side 9 ! field takes its turn at ! bat4 ,! game usually consi/s ( two inn+s1 & at its completion ! side hav+ scor$ ! great] numb] ( runs is ! w9n]4 ,! elev5 positions on a cricket team are call$ b[l]1 wicket-keep]1 long /op1 slip1 po9t cov]-slip1 cov] po9t1 mid-(f1 long-leg1 squ>e-leg1 mid-on4 ,! "o at bat is1 z 9 baseball1 call$ ! batsman4 ,! two l9es betwe5 :i* ! batsm5 /& :ile batt+ are call$ 8popp+ creases0 & 8b[l+ creases40 ,,croquet ,a game play$ ) wood5 balls & mallets1 on a flat piece ( gr\nd4 ,! game consi/s 9 driv+ ! ball ar\nd a circuit\s c\rse ?r\gh v>i\s wire r+s call$ 8wickets0 &1 aft] /rik+ a wood5 peg or po/1 return+ to ! />t+ place4 ,any numb] may play croquet ei!r indep5d5tly or on sides4 ,ea* play] may cont9ue mak+ %ots z long z he ei!r goes ?r\gh a wicket1 hits ! peg or po/1 or hits ! ball ( an oppon5t4 ,9 ?is latt] case he may place 8 ball aga9/ t ( 8 oppon5t &1 hold+ ! =m] ) 8 foot1 drive 8 oppon5t's ball z f> z possible f ! croquet gr\nd4 ,he !n also has ano!r %ot at 8 wicket4 ,a croquet set consi/s ( mallets1 balls1 wickets1 & /akes & may be b\ght = two or ?ree doll>s4 ,exp]ts use mallets ) mu* %ort] h&les ?an ^? 9 common sets4 ,!y are made ( ei!r maple1 dogwood1 or p]simmon4 ,9 place ( wood5 balls1 *ampion%ip & exp]t games are (t5 play$ ) balls made ( a pat5t$ composition4 ,all croquet implem5ts are usually pa9t$ 9 bright col\rs4 ,! game ( 8roque0 is v simil> to croquet4 ,croquet c be made m difficult by us+ n>r[ ar*es or wickets4 ,h>d rubb] balls are m satisfactory ?an wood & also mu* m exp5sive4 ,z a rule ! col\rs play$ 9 ord] are r$1 :ite1 blue & black4 ,accord+ to ! rules any k9d ( a mallet may be us$1 dep5d+ ^u ! individual pref]5ce ( ! play]4 ,,curl+ ,an anci5t ,scot* game play$ on ! ice1 9 :i* ! conte/ants slide l>ge flat /ones1 call$ curl+ /ones1 f "o po9t to ano!r4 ,^! po9ts or m>ks are call$ 8tees40 ,9 play+1 an opportunity = skill is %[n 9 knock+ an oppon5t out ( ! way1 & also 9 us+ a broom ahead ( ! /one z x slides along to influ5ce its rate ( spe$4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! greate/ curl+ c\ntry is ,canada4 ,curl+ is "o ( ! few outdoor games t are play$ )\t a ball ( "s k9d4 ,,dixie',s ,,l& ,?is game is also call$ 8,tommy ,tiddl]'s ,l&40 ,x is a game ( tag 9 :i* a c]ta9 portion ( ! playgr\nd is m>k$ (f z ! 8l&40 ,! "o :o is 8x0 endeav\rs to cat* ! o!rs z !y invade 8 l&4 ,:5 a play] is tagg$ he also becomes 8x10 & s on until ! game ends because all ! invad]s are captur$4 ,! game is especially int]e/+ because ( ! v>iety ( v]ses & rhymes us$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry to taunt ! "o :o is 8x0 z !y come on 8 l&4 ,,duck ,,on ,a ,,rock ,?is game is also call$ 8,b\ld] ,up40 ,x is n cu/om>y to 8c\nt out0 to decide x4 ,= ?is game usually "s "o sugge/s1 8,let's play ,duck on a ,rock10 & !n e "o scurries ar\nd to f9d an appropriate /one1 or 8duck40 ,z fa/ z !y are f\nd ! fact is ann\nc$ by ! cry1 8,my "o duck10 8,my two duck10 etc4 ,! la/ boy to f9d a /one is 8drake10 or 8x40 ,! drake is l>g] ?an ! ducks & is plac$ on an elevat$ position su* z a b\ld]4 ,!n f a specifi$ di/ance ducks attempt to hit ! drake & to knock him f 8 position4 ,if !y miss !y are 9 dang] ( be+ tagg$ by ! drake1 z x is 8 privilege to tag any play] :o is n 9 possession ( 8 duck4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! drake is knock$ f 8 p]*1 ! ducks h ! privilege ( ru%+ 9 & recov]+ _! /ones1 b unless !y d s be=e ! drake replaces 8 /one on ! rock !y may be tagg$4 ,! fir/ "o tagg$ becomes 8x0 & ! drake becomes a duck4 ,,fat ,?is is ! univ]sal game ( m>bles4 ,x is sometimes call$ 8,yank10 or 8,knuckle ,!re40 ,a r+ is scrat*$ 9 ! gr\nd a foot or two 9 diamet]4 ,x is !n divid$ into f\r p>ts by two l9es drawn ?r\gh ! diamet]4 ,! fir/ /ep is = ea* play] to 8lay a duck10 :i* 9 simple language means to ent] a m>ble to be play$ =4 ,?is is 8 entrance fee & may be ei!r a 8dub10 an 8alley10 a 8cry/al10 or sometimes a 8real10 al?\gh ?is is v r>e z well z extravagant4 ,ab\t t5 feet f ?is r+ a l9e is made call$ a 8taw l9e40 ,! fir/ play]1 usually det]m9$ z soon z s*ool is out by 8 hav+ %\t$1 8,fir/ %ot1 fat60 /&s beh9d ! taw l9e & %oots to knock out a m>ble4 ,if he is successful he cont9ues %oot+2 if n he loses 8 turn & ,numb] #b %oots4 ,numb] #a aft] 8 fir/ %ot f ! taw l9e mu/ !n %oot f :]ev] 8 m>ble lies4 ,if ,numb] #b c hit ,numb] #a he has a "r to claim all ! m>bles t ,numb] #a has knock$ out ( ! r+4 ,9 ?is way x is v mu* to ! advantage ( ea* play] to leave himself z f> f ! taw l9e z possible4 ,,fea!r ,,race ,! conte/ants endeav\r to bl[ a fea!r ov] a c]ta9 c\rse 9 ! %orte/ "t4 ,! rule is t ! fea!r mu/ n be t\*$ ) ! h&s4 ,out ( doors ?is game is only possible on a v /ill day4 ,,foot ,,& ,a ,,half ,?is is a game ( 8,leap ,frog0 also call$ 8,p>0 or 8,paw40 ,"o ( ! boys is *os5 8d[n10 :o leans ov] & gives a 8back0 to ! re/1 :o foll[ lead]1 usually ! boy :o sugge/s ! game4 ,he w />t mak+ an easy jump at fir/ & ov] 8d[n's0 back1 !n gradually increase ! di/ance ( ! po9t at :i* he l&s1 & ea* ( ^? foll[+ mu/ cle> ?is l9e or become 8x0 !mselves4 ,! lead] mu/ also surpass 8 previ\s jumps ea* "t or he becomes 8d[n0 himself4 ,9 ?is way ! small] or less agile boys h a m equal *ance ) ! /rong] ones4 ,,football ,! pres5t game ( football z play$ 9 ,am]ican s*ools & colleges is a developm5t ( ! ,engli% game ( ,rugby4 ,!re are tw5ty-two play]s1 elev5 on a side or team4 ,! game is play$ on a level field1 at ea* end ( :i* are goal po/s ?r\gh :i* ! team hav+ ! ball 9 its possession attempts to =ce or 8ru%0 x1 :ile _! oppon5ts by v>i\s means1 su* z tackl+1 %ov+ or block+1 /rive to prev5t ! ball f be+ successfully =c$ beh9d ! goal l9e or f be+ kick$ ov] ! crossb> betwe5 ! goal po/s4 ,a football field is #ccj feet long by #afj feet wide4 ,x is usually m>k$ out ) :ite l9es five y>ds ap>t1 :i* gives ! field ! "n ( 8gridiron40 ,! v>i\s positions on a football team are c5tre ru%1 "r & left gu>ds1 "r & left tackles1 "r & left ends1 qu>t]-back1 "r & left half-back1 & full-back4 ,z 9 baseball1 ! rules ( football are con/antly be+ *ang$ & ! game z play$ t5 or fifte5 ye>s ago is v diff]5t f ! mod]n game4 ,! v>i\s *anges 9 rules h be5 made ) a view to mak+ ! game less dang]\s to ! play]s & m int]e/+ to ! spectator4 ,! pr9cipal scores 9 football are ! 8t\*d[n0 & ! 8field goal40 ,9 a t\*d[n ! ball is c>ri$ by "o ( ! play]s & t\*$ on ! gr\nd beh9d ! oppon5ts' goal l9e4 ,9 a field goal1 or1 z x is (t5 call$1 8a goal f ! field10 ! ball is kick$ ov] ! crossb> betwe5 ! goal po/s4 ,9 a field goal ! play] execut+ x mu/ n kick ! ball until aft] x has t\*$ ! gr\nd4 ,su* a kick is call$ a 8drop kick0 z di/+ui%$ f a 8punt0 :]e ! ball is releas$ f ! h&s & imm$iately kick$ be=e t\*+ ! gr\nd4 ,a team 9 possession ( ! ball is all[$ a c]ta9 numb] ( attempts to advance x ! requir$ di/ance4 ,ea* ( ^! attempts is call$ a 8d[n40 ,if !y fail to ga9 ! necess>y di/ance1 ! ball goes to _! oppon5ts4 ,x is cu/om>y on ! la/ attempt1 or d[n1 to kick ! ball s t :5 ! oppos+ team obta9s possession ( x w be z f> z possible f ! goal l9e t[>d :i* !y are ru%+4 ,9 ?is play a 8punt0 is all[$4 ,!re are also o!r scores4 ,a safety is made :5 a team is =c$ to t\* ! ball d[n beh9d its own goal l9e4 ,! ball us$ 9 ,am]ican football is a long oval case made ( lea!r & inflat$ by means ( a rubb] bag or envelope4 ,! football play]'s uni=m consi/s ( a heavily padd$ pair ( tr\s]s made ( canvas1 molesk91 khaki or o!r mat]ial1 a jacket made ( ! same mat]ial1 a tight-fitt+ j]sey ) elb[ & %\ld] pads1 heavy /ock+s1 & cleat$ %oes4 ,play]s w (t5 use o!r pads1 braces & gu>ds to protect !m f injury4 ,football is usually play$ 9 ! fall mon?s aft] baseball has be5 discont9u$ on acc\nt ( ! cold wea!r4 ,a full game consi/s ( f\r fifte5-m9ute p]iods4 ,,g>d5 ,,hockey ,?is game is play$ betwe5 two p>allel /raight l9es1 #c feet #f in*es ap>t & m>k$ on ! lawn ) two /rips ( tape4 ,at ! opposite two ends ( ! tape are two goal po/s #ad in*es ap>t ) a crossb>4 ,! l5g? ( ! tapes %\ld be #cf feet :5 two or f\r play]s engage 9 ! game1 & may be ext5d$ = a great] numb]4 ,! game is play$ ) balls & hockey /icks4 ,! game is />t$ by plac+ ! ball 9 ! c5tre ( ! field4 ,! two capta9s !n face ea* o!r & at a signal /rike (f4 ,if ! ball is driv5 outside ! tape b\nd>ies x mu/ be return$ to ! c5tre ( ! field opposite ! place :]e x cross$ ! l9e4 ,! object ( ! game is to score a goal ?r\gh y\r oppon5ts' goal po/s z 9 ice hockey4 ,if a play] /eps ov] ! tape into ! play+ space he commits a f\l4 ,! p5alty = a f\l is a free hit = 8 oppon5ts4 ,,golf ,a game play$ ov] an ext5sive piece ( gr\nd :i* is divid$ into c]ta9 arbitr>y divisions call$ holes4 ,a golf c\rse is usually undulat+ ) ! holes laid out to af=d ! greate/ possible v>iety ( play4 ,! ord9>y c\rse consi/s ( ei!r n9e or eighte5 holes f #ajj to #ejj y>ds ap>t4 ,an ideal c\rse is ab\t #fjjj y>ds long4 ,! holes :i* m>k ! t]m9ation ( a play+ section consi/ ( t9 cans #d in*es 9 diamet] sunk into & flu% ) ! level ( ! surr\nd+ turf1 :i* is call$ 8! putt+ gre540 ,! game is play$ ) a gutta-p]*a ball weigh+ ab\t #a ounces & ) a set ( 8clubs0 ( v>i\s odd %apes & = mak+ %ots "u v>i\s conditions4 ,usually a boy accompanies ea* play] to c>ry 8 clubs4 ,su* boys are call$ 8caddies40 ,! clubs are peculi>ly nam$ & x is optional ) ea* play] to h z _m clubs z he desires4 ,"s ( ! m common ones are call$ 8driv]10 8brassie10 8cleek10 8iron10 8ma%ie10 8niblick10 8putt]10 & 8l(t+ iron40 ,! game1 :i* may be play$ by ei!r two or f\r play]s1 consi/s 9 endeav\r+ to drive ! ball ov] ! entire c\rse f hole to hole 9 ! fewe/ possible numb] ( /rokes4 ,at ! />t a play] takes 8 position on :at is call$ ! 8tee+ gr\nd0 & drives ! ball 9 ! direction ( ! fir/ hole1 ! position ( :i* is %[n 9 ! di/ance by a flag or t9 sign ) a numb]4 ,be=e driv+ he is privileg$ to place ! ball on a t9y m\nd ( e>? or s& :i* is call$ a 8tee40 ,! play]s drive 9 ord] & !n cont9ue mak+ %ots t[>d ! hole until f9ally !y h all 8hol$ out0 by 8putt+0 _! balls into ! hole1 & ! l[e/ score w9s ! hole4 ,golf is a game 9 :i* =m is m ess5tial ?an physical /r5g? & :i* is adapt$ = eld]ly p z well z ! "y4 ,! wood5 clubs are usually made ) ei!r dogwood or p]simmon heads & ) split hickory h&les or %afts4 ,! h&les are usually w\nd ) a lea!r grip4 ,golf clubs ( good quality w co/ f two to ?ree doll>s apiece & a set = mo/ purposes w consi/ ( f\r to six clubs4 ,! caddy bag to c>ry ! clubs is made ( canvas or lea!r & w co/ f two doll>s up4 ,/&>d quality golf balls w co/ ab\t n9e doll>s a doz54 ,almo/ any loose-fitt+ outdoor co/ume is suitable = play+ golf & ! t5d5cy 9 rec5t ye>s is to we> long tr\s]s 9 pref]5ce to :at are kn[n z 8golf tr\s]s40 ,a golf c\rse--sometimes call$ a 8l9ks10 f a ,scot* ^w mean+ a flat /ret* ( gr\nd ne> ! sea%ore--%\ld be kept 9 good condition 9 ord] to enjoy ! game prop]ly4 ,! lead+ golf clubs ma9ta9 a l>ge =ce ( m5 :o are con/antly cutt+ ! grass1 repair+ damages to ! turf1 & roll+ ! gre5s4 ,= ?is reason x is a game only adapt$ to club control unless "o is v weal?y & c af=d to ma9ta9 private l9ks4 ,,golf-,,croquet ,?is game may be play$ ei!r by two or f\r p]sons4 ,wickets are plac$ at irregul> di/ances1 & ! object ( ! game is to drive a wood5 ball #b in*es 9 diamet] ?r\gh ^! wickets4 ,x may be play$ ei!r z 8all /rokes10 9 :i* ! total numb] ( /rokes to get ?r\gh all ! wickets is ! f9al score1 or z 9 golf1 8all wickets10 9 :i* ! score = ea* wicket is tak5 sep>ately1 z ea* hole 9 golf is play$4 ,! mallet us$ is some:at diff]5t f a croquet mallet4 ,! h&le is long] & a bevel is made on "o end to raise or 8l(t0 ! ball z 9 golf4 ,! size ( a golf-croquet c\rse w dep5d ^u ! field available4 ,a field #bjj y>ds long w make a good six-wicket c\rse4 ,,hab-,,enihan ,?is game is play$ ) smoo? /ones ab\t ! size ( a butt] di%4 ,a t>get is m>k$ on ! s& or on any smoo? piece ( gr\nd1 or if play$ on ! grass ! t>get mu/ be m>k$ ) lime simil> to m>ks on a t5nis c\rt4 ,! outside circle ( ! t>get %\ld be six feet 9 diamet]1 & e six in*es ano!r circle describ$ ) a piece ( /r+ & two pegs = a compass4 ,! object ( ! game is to /& at a /at$ di/ance f ! 8enihan10 or t>get1 & to toss ! 8habs0 z 9 ! game ( quoits4 ,! play] gett+ ! be/ score c\nt+ f ! inside r+ or bull's-eye w9s ! game4 ,,haley ,,ov] ,! play]s1 equally divid$1 take positions on opposite sides ( a build+ su* z a b>n1 s t !y c n be se5 by _! oppon5ts4 ,a play] on "o side !n ?r[s ! ball ov] ! ro( & "o ( 8 oppon5ts attempts to cat* x & to ru% ar\nd ! corn] ( ! build+ & ?r[ x at "o ( ! oppos+ side4 ,if he succe$s1 ! "o hit is a prison] ( w> & mu/ g ov] to ! o!r side4 ,! game cont9ues until all ( "o side are captur$4 ,,h& ,,ball ,a game ( anci5t ,iri% orig9 :i* is mu* play$ by baseball play]s & o!r a?letes to keep 9 good condition dur+ ! w9t] :5 mo/ outdoor sports are impossible4 ,a regulation h& ball c\rt has a back wall #cj feet high & #ej feet wide4 ,ea* game consi/s ( tw5ty-"o 8aces40 ,! ball is #a in*es 9 diamet] & weighs #a ounces4 ,! ball is s]v$ & return$ aga9/ ! play+ wall j z 9 _m ( ! o!r indoor games & is simil> 9 pr9ciple to squa% & rackets4 ,,h& ,,polo ,a game play$ ) a t5nis ball 9 :i* two oppos+ sides ( six play]s ea* endeav\r to score goals by /rik+ ! ball ) ! h&s4 ,! ball mu/ be /ruck ) ! op5 h&4 ,9 play1 ! conte/ants oppose ea* o!r by %\ld]+ & buck+ & 9 ?is way ! game c be made a dang]\s "o4 ,! goal is made into a cage =m #c feet #f in*es squ>e4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! game ! ball is plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! play+ surface & ! play]s ru% = x4 ,! umpire 9 h& polo is a v important (ficial & calls all f\ls1 su* z tripp+1 cat*+1 hold+1 kick+1 pu%+1 or ?r[+ an oppon5t4 ,?ree f\ls w c\nt z a goal = ! oppon5ts4 ,,h& ,,t5nis ,a game ( lawn t5nis 9 :i* ! h& is us$ 9 place ( a racket4 ,a h& t5nis c\rt is small] ?an a regulation t5nis c\rt4 ,its dim5sions are #dj feet long & #af feet wide4 ,! net is #b feet high4 ,! s]v] is call$ ! 8h& 90 & 8 oppon5t ! 8h& out40 ,a play] fir/ scor+ tw5ty-five po9ts w9s ! game4 ,a play] c only score :5 he is ! s]v]4 ,a f\l l9e is drawn #c feet on ea* side ( ! net1 inside ( :i* play is n all[$4 ,9 all ess5tial p>ticul>s ( ! rules ! game is simil> to lawn t5nis4 ,,hat ,,ball ,?is game is v simil> to ,roley ,boley or ,nigg] ,baby except t hats are us$ in/ead ( holl[s 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! ball is toss$ to ! hats & ! fir/ boy to get five /ones1 or 8babies10 9 8 hat has to crawl ?r\gh ! legs ( 8 oppon5ts & submit to ! puni%m5t ( be+ paddl$4 ,,high ,,kick ,a t9 pan or wood5 disk is susp5d$ f a frame by means ( a /r+ & ! conte/ants 9 turn kick x z x is drawn high] & high] until f9ally1 z 9 high jump+1 x rea*es a po9t :]e ! survivor alone succe$s 9 t\*+ x ) 8 toe4 ,,hockey ,hockey is usually play$ on ! ice by play]s on skates1 al?\gh1 l ! old game ( %9ney1 x may be play$ on any level piece ( gr\nd4 ,! hockey /ick is a curv$ piece ( ,canadian rock elm ) a flat blade4 ,in/ead ( a ball ! mod]n game ( ice hockey is play$ ) a rubb] disk call$ a 8puck40 ,9 hockey1 z 9 _m o!r games1 ! :ole object is to drive ! puck into y\r oppon5ts' goal & to prev5t !m f driv+ x into y\rs4 ,almo/ any numb] ( boys c play hockey1 b a mod]n team consi/s ( five play]s4 ,hockey skates are ( special con/ruction ) long flat blades atta*$ to ! %oes4 ,! /&>d l5g? ( blade is f #ad to #ae in*es4 ,!y co/ f ?ree to six doll>s4 ,! hockey play]'s uni=m is a j]sey1 ei!r padd$ tr\s]s or tights1 dep5d+ ^u 8 position1 & padd$ %9 gu>ds = ! goal t5d]s4 ,,hop ,,ov] ,all b "o ( ! play]s1 =m a r+ /&+ ab\t two feet ap>t4 ,!n by "s 8c\nt+ out0 rhyme "s "o is made 8x40 ,he !n takes 8 place 9 ! c5tre ( ! circle1 hold+ a piece ( /\t /r+ on ! end ( :i* is ti$ a small weight or a book4 ,he :irls ! /r+ ab\t & tries to /rike ! feet or ankles ( "s "o 9 ! circle1 :o mu/ hop quickly z ! /r+ comes ne> him4 ,if he fails to 8hop ov]0 he becomes 8x40 ,,hop ,,scot* ,hop scot* is a game t is play$ by *ildr5 all ov] ! _w4 ,a c\rt ab\t #bj feet long & #d or #e feet wide is drawn ) *alk1 coal1 or a piece ( s(t brick on ! sidewalk or scrat*$ ) a po9t$ /ick on a piece ( level gr\nd4 ,a l9e call$ ! 8taw l9e0 is drawn a %ort di/ance f ! c\rt4 ,! c\rt is divid$ into v>i\s rectangles1 usually elev5 divisions1 al?\gh ?is v>ies 9 diff]5t sections4 ,at ! end ( ! c\rt a half circle is drawn1 v>i\sly call$ ! 8cat's cradle10 8pot10 or 8plum pudd+40 ,! play]s decide :o is to be fir/1 second1 etc41 & a flat /one or piece ( brok5 crock]y or sometimes a fold$ piece ( t9 is plac$ 9 division ,no4 #a4 ,! /one is call$ 8pot%]d40 ,! object ( ! game is to hop on "o foot & to %oot ! pot%]d 9 & out ( ! c\rt ?r\gh ! v>i\s divisions until !y are all play$4 ,he !n hops & /raddles ?r\gh ! c\rt4 ,:5ev] he fails to d ! requir$ ?+ ! next play] takes 8 turn4 ,,hunt ,,! ,,%eep ,two capta9s are *os5 & ! play]s divid$ into equal sides4 ,"o side /ays 9 ! home goal & ! o!r side f9ds a hid+ place4 ,! capta9 ( ! side t is hidd5 or 8out0 !n goes back to ! o!r side & !y m>* 9 a /raight l9e to f9d ! hidd5 %eep4 ,:5 !y approa* ! hid+ place _! own capta9 %\ts1 8,apple60 :i* is a w>n+ t dang] is ne>4 ,:5 he is sure ( _! capture or discov]y he %\ts1 8,run1 %eep1 run60 & all ! p>ty make a da% = ! goal4 ,,int]collegiate ,,amateur ,,a?letic ,,association ,,( ,,am]ica ,?is association controls ! field a?letic conte/s betwe5 ! colleges kn[n z ! 8,int]collegiates40 ,x is g5]ally kn[n z ! ,i4,c4,a4,a4,a4,a4 ,to w9 a po9t = "o's college 9 ?is conte/ is ! highe/ hon\r t a track a?lete may obta94 ,9 ^! games1 :i* take place annually1 ! foll[+ ?irte5 ev5ts are conte/$ =3 ,mile run ,%otput #ddj-y>d run #abj-y>d hurdles #ajj-y>d da% ,runn+ high jump ,two-mile run #hhj-y>d run #bbj-y>d l[ hurdles ,pole vault ,broad jump #bbj-y>d da% ,hamm] ?r[ ,i ,,spy ,?is game is sometimes call$ 8,hide & ,seek10 ,"o ( ! play]s is made 8x0 by any ( ! famili> c\nt+-out rhymes4 ,! re/ !n secure a hid+ place :ile he c\nts fifty or "o hundr$4 ,a c]ta9 tree or f5ce corn] is consid]$ 8home40 8,x0 !n attempts to spy 8 hidd5 playmates 9 _! hid+ places & to run 8home0 %\t+1 8,i spy0 & _! names4 ,if ! "o discov]$ c get home be=e 8x10 he does s1 %\t+1 8,9 free60 ) all ! brea? t is left 9 him4 ,! game is especially int]e/+ j at dusk1 :5 ! unc]ta9 light makes ! 8outs0 brave 9 approa*+ home )\t detection4 ,if 8x0 succe$s 9 captur+ all ! play]s ! fir/ "o caught is 8x0 = ! next game4 ,,jack ,,fagots ,?is game is ! same 9 pr9ciple z ,jack/raws except t fagots or /icks ( wood two feet long are us$ 9 place ( jack/raws4 ,!y are remov$ f a pile ) a crook$ /ick & mu/ be tak5 out "o at a "t )\t di/urb+ ! re/4 ,! numb] ( /icks remov$ con/itutes a play]'s score4 ,:5 any /ick o!r ?an ! "o he is try+ = is mov$ he loses 8 turn4 ,! next play] mu/ attempt to remove ! same /ick t ! o!r fail$ on4 ,! game is won by ! play] hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( /icks to 8 cr$it4 ,,japanese ,,fan ,,ball ,?is game is especially adapt$ = a lawn p>ty = girls4 ,ei!r ,japanese fans or ! ord9>y palm-leaf fans w d = rackets4 ,! balls are made ( pap] & %\ld be six or eight in*es 9 diamet] & 9 v>i\s col\rs4 ,at opposite ends ( a space ab\t ! size ( a t5nis c\rt are erect$ goal po/s simil> to ^? us$ 9 football1 b only six feet above gr\nd4 ,^! may be made ( light /rips ( wood4 ,!re is also a simil> pair ( po/s & a crossb> midway betwe5 ! goals4 ,! game is play$ by two conte/ants at a "t4 ,ea* takes an opposite end ( ! c\rt & tosses ! ball into ! air4 ,!n by vigor\s fann+ %e endeav\rs to keep x al(t & to drive x ov] ! oppon5t's goal-po/4 ,at ! middle po/s ! ball mu/ be 8fann$0 "u ! crossb>4 ,if ! ball falls to ! gr\nd x may be pick$ up on ! fan & toss$ al(t aga91 b x mu/ n be t\*$ by ! h&s4 ,! w9n] is ! "o :o fir/ drives ! ball ! l5g? ( ! c\rt & ov] ! crossb>4 ,,kick ,,! ,,/ick ,"o play] is *os5 to be 8x0 & ! re/ are giv5 a c\nt ( tw5ty-five or fifty to hide4 ,a /ick is lean$ aga9/ a tree or wall & ?is is ! home goal4 ,z soon z ! goal keep] c spy "o ( ! play]s he runs 9 & t\*es ! /ick & makes a prison]1 :o mu/ come 9 & /& beh9d ! /ick4 ,if "o ( ! free play]s c run 9 & kick ! /ick be=e ! goal t5d] t\*es x1 he frees all ! re/ & !y scurry to a place ( hid+ be=e ! /ick c aga9 be set up & ! c\nt ( tw5ty-five made4 ,z ! object ( ! game is to free y\r fell[-prison]s1 ! free play]s w attempt all sorts ( ruses to approa* ! /ick )\t be+ se5 or to make a da% = x 9 hope ( kick+ x ahead ( ! goal keep]4 ,! game is ov] :5 all ! play]s are captur$1 & ! fir/ prison] is 8x0 = ! next game4 ,,k+ ,,( ,,! ,,ca/le ,?is c be made a v r\gh game1 z x simply consi/s 9 a play] tak+ a position on a m\nd or hillock & defy+ any "o to dislodge him f 8 position by ! taunt+ words3 8,i'm ! ,k+ ( ! ,ca/le1 ,get d[n y c[>dly rascal40 ,! re/ try to %ove him f 8 position & to hold x successfully aga9/ all com]s !mselves4 ,! game1 if play$ fairly1 simply consi/s 9 fair pulls & pu%es )\t grasp+ clo?+1 b if play$ r\ghly x is almo/ a 8free-=-all0 fight4 ,,lacrosse ,a game ( ball play$ by two oppos+ teams ( twelve play]s ea*4 ,! lacrosse field is a level piece ( gr\nd ) net or wire goals at ea* end4 ,! play]s /rive to hurl ! ball into _! oppon5ts' goal by means ( a lacrosse /ick or 8crosse40 ,?is is a peculi> b5t /ick ) a %all[ gut net at "o end4 ,x some:at resembles a t5nis racket1 b is m l a sn[%oe ) a h&le4 ,! game orig9at$ ) ! ,indians & is mu* play$ 9 ,canada4 ,9 play+1 ! ball mu/ n be t\*$ ) ! h&s1 b is hurl$ f "o play] to ano!r by ! 8lacrosses0 until x is possible to attempt = a goal4 ,x is also pass$ :5 a play] is 9 dang] ( los+ ! ball4 ,lacrosse /icks co/ f two to five doll>s ea* & are made ( hickory ) ra:ide /r+s4 ,! play]s we> specially padd$ gloves to protect ! knuckles4 ,! usual uni=m = lacrosse is a tight-fitt+ j]sey & runn+ tr\s]s4 ,,lawn ,,b[ls ,?is is a v old game & ( great hi/oric importance4 ,! fam\s ,b[l+ ,gre5 9 ,new ,york ,city 0 nam$ f a small p>k :]e ! game 0 play$ by ,new ,york]s be=e ! ,revolution4 ,! game is play$ ) wood5 balls five in*es 9 diamet] & pa9t$ 9 v>i\s gay col\rs4 ,usually lignum vitae is ! mat]ial us$4 ,!y are n p]fectly r\nd b ei!r slightly flatt5$ at ! poles into an 8oblate sph]oid0 or made into an oval some?+ l a mod]n football4 ,ea* play] uses two balls1 :i* are numb]$4 ,a :ite ball1 call$ a 8jack ball10 is !n ?r[n or plac$ at ! end ( ! b[l+ gre5 or lawn & ! play]s 9 turn deliv] _! balls or 8b[l0 t[>d ! jack4 ,! :ole game consi/s 9 plac+ y\r ball z ne> to ! jack z possible & ( knock+ away ! balls ( y\r oppon5ts4 ,x is also possible to /rike ! jack & to drive x ne>] to :]e ! balls ( y\r side are ly+4 ,:5 all ! play]s h b[l$1 ! two balls ne>e/ ! jack ea* c\nt a po9t = ! side own+ x4 ,! game if play$ by sides is some:at diff]5t f a two-h&$ conte/4 ,! ma9 po9t fir/ is to deliv] ! ball z ne> to ! jack z possible & !n to =m a b>ri] or 8gu>d0 beh9d x ) succe$+ balls to block ^? ( y\r adv]s>ies4 ,sometimes ! ,jack is plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! gre5 & ! teams face ea* o!r & b[l f opposite ends4 ,a gre5 is ab\t sev5ty feet squ>e ) closely cropp$ grass4 ,f\r play]s =m a 8r9k0 & are nam$ 8lead]10 8second10 8?ird10 & 8skip0 or capta94 ,! position f :i* ! balls are deliv]$ is call$ ! 8foot]40 ,x is usually a piece ( clo? or canvas ?ree feet squ>e4 ,,lawn ,,b[l+ ,?is game is simil> 9 e respect to indoor b[l+ except t no regul> alley is us$4 ,a net = a back/op is necess>y4 ,! p9s are set ^u a flat surface on a lawn & ! play]s endeav\r to knock d[n z _m p9s z possible 9 ?ree attempts4 ,! scor+ is ! same z 9 indoor b[l+4 ,to knock d[n all t5 p9s ) "o ball is call$ a 8/rike10 9 two attempts x is a 8sp>e40 ,9 ! score1 ! /rike c\nts t5 = ! play] & 9 addition also :atev] he gets on ! next two balls4 ,likewise he w c\nt t5 = a sp>e1 b only :at he gets on "o ball = a bonus4 ,z a consequ5ce ! maximum or p]fect score 9 b[l+ is #cjj1 :i* is a s]ies ( t5 /rikes & two m attempts 9 :i* he knocks d[n all ! p9s4 ,9 lawn b[l+ ! scores are v l[ z comp>$ ) ! indoor game1 :]e good play]s w (t5 av]age close to #bjj on alleys :]e !y are accu/om$ to b[l4 ,lawn b[l+ is a diff]5t game f lawn b[ls1 :i* is describ$ 9 a prec$+ p>agraph4 ,,lawn ,,hockey ,?is game is play$ on a field a little small] ?an a football field1 be+ #aaj y>ds long & f #ej to #fj y>ds wide4 ,! ball us$ is an ord9>y cricket ball4 ,! goals are two upright po/s #ab feet ap>t & ) a crossb> #g feet f ! gr\nd4 ,elev5 m5 on a side con/itute a full team1 b ! game may be play$ ) a few] numb]4 ,! positions are kn[n z ?ree =w>ds1 five ru%es1 two backs or gu>ds1 & ! goal t5d]4 ,! object ( ! game is v simple1 be+ to drive ! ball betwe5 y\r oppon5ts' goals4 ,! ord9>y ice hockey /ick w be satisfactory to play )4 ,! pr9cipal ?+ to rememb] 9 lawn hockey is n to commit a 8f\l10 ! p5alty = :i* is a 8free hit0 at ! ball by y\r oppon5ts4 ,x is a f\l to raise ! /ick above ! %\ld]s 9 mak+ a /roke1 to kick ! ball 7except = ! goal t5d]71 to play ) ! back ( ! /ick1 to hit ! ball o!r ?an f "r to left1 & any =m ( r\gh play su* z tripp+1 pu%+1 kick+1 or /rik+4 ,lawn hockey is an excell5t game & is really ! old game ( 8%9ney0 or 8%9ty0 play$ sci5tifically & ) def9ite rules4 ,,lawn ,,skittles ,f a /\t pole :i* is firmly fix$ 9 ! gr\nd a heavy ball is susp5d$ by means ( a rope fa/5$ to ! top ( ! pole4 ,two flat pieces ( /one or concrete are plac$ on opposite sides ( ! pole4 ,! game is play$ ) n9e-p9s1 :i* are set up on "o /one1 ! play] /&+ on ! o!r & endeav\r+ by hurl+ ! ball to /rike d[n a maximum numb] ( p9s4 ,usually he has ?ree *ances & ! numb] ( p9s knock$ d[n con/itutes 8 score4 ,,lawn ,,t5nis 7,,see ,,*apt] ,,on ,,t5nis7 ,a game ( ball play$ on a level piece ( gr\nd1 call$ a c\rt1 by two1 ?ree1 or f\r p]sons4 ,:5 two play ! game is call$ 8s+les10 & :5 f\r play x is call$ 8d\bles40 ,! game is play$ ) a rubb] ball1 & rackets made by /r++ gut on a wood5 frame4 ,! dim5sions ( a t5nis c\rt are #cf by #gh feet4 ,9 addition to ?is1 space mu/ be all[$ = ! play]s to run back1 & x is cu/om>y to lay out a c\rt at lea/ #ej by #ajj feet to give pl5ty ( play+ space4 ,! c\rt is divid$ into v>i\s l9es1 ei!r by means ( lime appli$ ) a bru% or by tapes4 ,midway betwe5 ! two re> l9es & 9 ! c5tre ( ! c\rt a net is /ret*$1 support$ by po/s4 ,9 play+ "o ( ! play]s has ! s]ve--t is1 he attempts to /rike ! ball s t x w g ov] ! net & into a specifi$ space on ! opposite side ( ! net4 ,8 oppon5t !n attempts to return ! s]ve--t is1 to /rike ! ball ei!r on ! fly or ! fir/ b\nd & knock x back ov] ! net some:]e )9 ! play+ space z det]m9$ by ! l9es4 ,9 ?is way ! ball is volley$ or knock$ back & =? until "o ( ! play]s fails ei!r to return x ov] ! net or into ! requir$ space4 ,to fail 9 ?is c\nts 8 oppon5ts a po9t4 ,f\r po9ts con/itute a game except :]e bo? sides h obta9$ ?ree po9ts1 9 :i* case "o side to w9 mu/ secure two po9ts 9 succession4 ,! score is n c\nt$ z #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d1 b #ae1 #cj1 #dj1 game4 ,:5 bo? sides are at #dj x is call$ 8deuce40 ,at ?is po9t a lead ( two is necess>y to w94 ,! side w9n+ "o ( ! two po9ts at ?is /age is said to h ! 8advantage10 or1 z x is express$1 8vantage 90 or 8vantage out10 dep5d+ ^u :e!r x is ! side ( ! s]v] or 8 oppon5ts1 ! s]v]'s score always be+ call$ fir/4 ,a set ( t5nis consi/s ( en\gh games to p]mit "o side to w9 six1 or if bo? are at five games won1 to w9 two games ov] _! oppon5ts4 ,,la/ ,,tag ,!re are a great _m games ( 8tag0 t are famili> to boys & girls4 ,"o ( ! common games is 8la/ tag10 :i* simply means t a boy tags ano!r & makes him 8x0 be=e leav+ ! p>ty on 8 way home4 ,x is ! common boys' me?od ( say+ 8good-bye0 :5 leav+ s*ool = home4 ,! pr9cipal rule ( la/ tag is t !re is 8no tagg+ back40 ,! boy :o is 8x0 mu/ n attempt to tag ! "o :o tagg$ him1 b mu/ run aft] "s "o else4 ,x is a po9t ( hon\r ) a boy n to be left ) 8la/ tag0 aga9/ him1 b he mu/ try to run "s "o else d[n1 :5 he is !n immune & c wat* ! game 9 safety1 or c leave = home ) no blot on 8 escut*eon4 ,,luge-,,+ ,a =m ( coa/+ v mu* practis$ 9 ,switz]l& at ! w9t] resorts :]e ! sl$ us$ is simil> to our ,am]ican *ild's sl$ ) op5 framework in/ead ( a toboggan or ! m mod]n flexible fly] :i* is g5]ally us$ by boys 9 ,am]ica4 ,,m>a?on ,,race ,a long di/ance race1 held 9 connection ) ! ,olympic ,games & nam$ f a fam\s ev5t 9 ,greek hi/ory4 ,! accept$ ,m>a?on di/ance is #bf miles1 #che y>ds4 ,! race 0 won at ! ,olympic ,games held 9 ,engl& 9 #aijh by ,john ,hayes1 an ,am]ican1 9 #b h\rs #dd m9utes #bj #b-e seconds4 ,,olympic ,,games ,! ,olympic ,games are op5 to ! a?letes ( ! _w4 ,! foll[+ ev5ts are conte/$ =3 #fj-metre run #ajj-metre run #bjj-metre run #djj-metre run #hjj-metre run #aejj-metre run #aaj-metre hurdles #bjj-metre hurdles #djj-metre hurdles #cbjj-metre /eeple*ase #bejj-metre /eeple*ase #djjj-metre /eeple*ase ,runn+ long jump ,runn+ high jump ,runn+ triple jump ,/&+ broad jump ,/&+ high jump ,/&+ triple jump ,pole vault ,%ot put ,discus ?r[+ ,?r[+ #af-p\nd hamm] ,?r[+ #ef-p\nd weight ,m>a?on race ,weight lift+1 "o h& ,weight lift+1 two h&s ,dumb-bell competition ,tug-(-w> ,team race ,team race #c miles ,five-mile run ,?r[+ /one ,?r[+ javel9 ,?r[+ javel9 held 9 middle ,p5?a?lon #aejj-metre walk #cejj-metre walk #aj-mile walk ,?r[+ discus ,greek /yle ,,m>bles ,!re is a l>ge v>iety ( games ) m>bles & ! expressions us$ are univ]sal4 ,boys usually h "o %oot] made f agate :i* !y call a 8real40 ,to *ange ! position ( ! %oot] is call$ 8r\nd+s10 & to object to ?is or to any o!r play is express$ by ! ^w 8f540 ,! common game ( m>bles is to make a rectangul> r+ & to %oot f a l9e & endeav\r to knock ! m>bles or 8mibs0 ( "o's oppon5ts out ( ! squ>e4 ,a simil> game is to place all ! mibs 9 a l9e 9 an oval & to roll ! %oot] f a di/ance4 ,! "o com+ ne>e/ to ! oval has 8fir/ %ot0 & cont9ues to %oot z long z he drives out a m>ble & 8/icks0 9 ! oval himself4 ,reals are (t5 suppos$ to h sup]ior /ick+ qualities4 ,play+ m>bles 8= keeps0 is really gambl+ & %\ld be disc\rag$4 ,! knuckle dab/] is a small piece ( clo? or lea!r t boys use to re/ ! h& on :5 9 ! act ( %oot+4 ,! be/ k9d ( a 8dab/]0 is made f a mole's sk94 ,,names ,,( ,,m>bles ,! common m>bles us$ by boys ev]y:]e are call$ mibs1 fiv]s1 commies1 migs1 megs1 alleys1 & dubs4 ,a v l>ge m>ble is a bumbo & a v small "o a peewee4 ,glass m>bles are call$ cry/als & ^? made ( agate are call$ reals4 ,! *oice/ real is suppos$ to be gre5 & is call$ a 8mossic0 or 8moss real40 ,,mumblety ,,peg ,?is game is play$ ) a p5knife4 ,a piece ( turf is usually ! be/ place to play4 ,v>i\s positions = ?r[+ ! knife are tri$ by ea* play]1 foll[+ a regul> ord] ( proc$ure1 until he misses1 :5 ! knife is surr5d]$ to ! next 9 turn4 ,:5 he receives ! knife ea* play] tries ! feat at :i* he fail$ be=e4 ,! la/ play] to accompli% all ! feats has ! pleasure ( 8pull+ ! peg10 ,! peg consi/s ( a w$ge-%ap$ piece ( wood ! l5g? ( ! knife blade :i* is driv5 into ! gr\nd by ! back ( ! knife & mu/ be pull$ by ! tee? ( ! un=tunate "o :o 0 la/ to complete ! necess>y feats4 ,! w9n] has ! hon\r ( driv+ ! peg1 usually ?ree bl[s ) 8 eyes op5 & ?ree ) !m clos$4 ,if he succe$s 9 driv+ x out ( sight ! feat is consid]$ especially cr$itable & ! los] is greet$ ) ! cry1 8,root6 ,root60 :i* means t he mu/ remove ! sod & e>? ) 8 tee? be=e he c get a grip on ! peg top4 ,!re are ab\t tw5ty-f\r feats or 8figures0 to be gone ?r\gh 9 a game ( mumblety peg1 ?r[+ ! knife f v>i\s positions bo? "r & left-h&$4 ,9 ea* feat ! successful result is measur$ by hav+ ! knife /ick into ! gr\nd at su* an angle s t !re is room = two f+]s to be ins]t$ "u ! end ( ! h&le )\t di/urb+ ! knife4 ,,"o ,,old ,,cat ,?is is a modifi$ game ( baseball t may be play$ by ?ree or f\r4 ,g5]ally !re is only "o base to run to1 & besides ! batt]1 pit*]1 & cat*] ! re/ ( ! play]s are field]s4 ,any "o cat*+ a fly ball puts ! batt] out & takes 8 turn at bat1 or 9 ano!r modification ( ! game1 :5 "o is put out ea* play] advances a /ep ne>] to batsman's position1 ! pit*] go+ 9 to bat1 ! cat*] becom+ pit*]1 fir/ field] becom+ cat*]1 & s on1 ! batsman becom+ 8la/ field]40 ,,pass ,,x ,?is game may be play$ on a lawn4 ,f\r clo!s baskets are requir$ z well z a v>iety ( objects ( v>i\s sizes & k9ds1 su* z spools ( ?read1 pill[s1 books1 mat*es1 balls1 p5cils1 umbrellas1 p9s1 & s on4 ,two capta9s are *os5 & ea* selects a team1 :i* /&s 9 l9e fac+ ea* o!r4 ,two ( ! baskets are fill$ ) ! v>i\s articles & ^! two baskets are plac$ at ! "r h& ( ! two capta9s4 ,! empty baskets are on ! opposite ends ( ! l9e4 ,at a signal ! capta9s select an object & pass x to ! next 9 l9e4 ,he 9 turn passes x to 8 left & f9ally x is dropp$ into ! empty basket4 ,if ! object %\ld be dropp$ 9 transit x mu/ g back to ! capta9 & be pass$ d[n ! l9e aga94 ,two umpires are desirable1 :o c report ! progress ( ! game to _! own side z well z keep an eye on _! oppon5ts4 ,,pelota ,a game simil> to racquets1 sometimes call$ 8,jai-a-li10 t is mu* play$ 9 ,spa9 & 9 ,mexico4 ,! game is play$ ) a n>r[ scoop-l wick] basket or racket :i* is fa/5$ to ! wri/4 ,! play]s cat* ! ball 9 ?is device & hurl x ) t]rific =ce aga9/ ! wall ( ! c\rt4 ,pelota is a h>d1 fa/ game1 & sometimes s]i\s injuries result f play+ x4 ,,plug ,,9 ,,! ,,r+ ,?is is ! univ]sal game t boys play ) tops4 ,a r+ six feet 9 diamet] is describ$ on ! gr\nd & ea* play] puts a top call$ a 8bait0 9 ! c5tre4 ,! baits are usually tops ( little value4 ,! 8plugg]10 h[ev]1 is ! top us$ to %oot ) & z a rule is ! boy's *oice/ "o4 ,z soon z ! play]s c w9d _! tops !y /& ) _! toes on ! l9e & endeav\r to /rike "o ( ! baits 9 su* a way z to knock x out ( ! circle & /ill leave _! own tops )9 ! circle & sp9n+4 ,if !y miss1 ! top mu/ be left sp9n+ until x 8dies40 ,if x fails to roll out ( ! r+1 ! own] mu/ place ano!r bait top 9 ! r+1 b if x leaves ! circle he may cont9ue %oot+4 ,x is possible to play tops = 8keeps10 b1 l m>bles = 8keeps10 x %\ld be disc\rag$1 z x is gambl+4 ,,polo ,,or ,,eque/rian ,,polo ,a game play$ on horseback1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ,ea/]n c\ntries & 0 fir/ play$ by ! ,engli% 9 ,india4 ,x has be5 introduc$ bo? into ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,polo is a ri* man's game & requires a great deal ( skill 9 horseman%ip z well z n]ve4 ,a polo team consi/s ( f\r m51 ea* ( :om mu/ h a /able ( sev]al horses4 ,^! horses1 or 8polo ponies10 are tra9$ c>efully1 & a well-tra9$ pony is z ess5tial to good play+ z a skilful rid]4 ,! game is play$ ) a mallet1 ! head ( :i* is usually a%1 dogwood1 or p]simmon1 & has a h&le ab\t #ej in*es long4 ,! ball is ei!r will[ or basswood4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! game is simil> to ne>ly all ( ! outdoor games play$ ) a ball3 t ( driv+ x into ! oppon5ts' goal1 mean:ile prev5t+ !m f mak+ a score on "o's own goal4 ,,potato ,,race ,9 ?is game z _m r[s ( potatoes are laid z !re are play]s4 ,!y %\ld be plac$ ab\t five feet ap>t4 ,! race consi/s 9 pick+ up all ( ! potatoes1 "o at a "t1 & c>ry+ !m to ! />t+ po9t1 mak+ a sep>ate trip = ea* potato4 ,at ! end ( ! l9e !re %\ld be a basket or butt] tub to drop !m into4 ,! game is sometimes made m difficult by =c+ ! conte/ants to c>ry ! potatoes on a teaspoon4 ,,prison]',s ,,base ,two capta9s select sides4 ,!y !n m>k out on ! gr\nd two bases1 or homes4 ,!y also m>k out two 8prisons0 ne> ea* home base4 ,!n ea* side /&s 9 its own home & a play] runs out & advances t[>d ! enemy's home4 ,"o ( ! enemy w !n run out & endeav\r to tag him be=e he c run back to 8 own base1 & "o ( 8 side w try to tag ! enemy1 ! rule be+ t ea* 9 turn mu/ h left 8 home aft] 8 oppon5t4 ,if a play] is tagg$1 he becomes a prison] ( ! o!r side & is put into ! prison4 ,! successful tagg] may !n return to ,ids home )\t dang] ( be+ tagg$4 ,a prison] may be rescu$ at any "t if "o ( 8 side c elude ! oppon5ts & tag him free f prison4 ,! game ends :5 all ( "o side are made prison]s4 ,,pu% ,,ball ,a game usually play$ on foot b sometimes on horseback1 9 :i* ! object is to pu% or =ce a huge ball ov] ! oppon5ts' goal l9e4 ,a regulation 8pu% ball0 is six feet 9 diamet] & co/s ?ree hundr$ doll>s4 ,9 pu% ball almo/ any numb] may play1 b z weight c\nts1 ! sides %\ld be divid$ z ev5ly z possible4 ,,quoits ,a game play$ ) flatti% malleable iron or rubb] r+s ab\t n9e in*es 9 diamet] & convex on ! upp] side1 :i* ! play]s endeav\r to loss or pit* s t !y w encircle a p9 or peg driv5 into ! gr\nd1 or to come ne>] to ?is peg ?an _! oppon5ts4 ,! peg is call$ a 8hob40 ,a c]ta9 =m ( quoits is play$ ) horse%oes ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry di/ricts ( ,am]ica4 ,a quoit play] endeav\rs to give ! quoit su* a position 9 mid-air t x w n roll b w cut into ! gr\nd at ! po9t :]e x l&s4 ,! game is remotely simil> to ! anci5t ,greek game ( ?r[+ ! discus4 ,iron quoits may be pur*as$ = a doll> a set4 ,! av]age weight ( ! quoits us$ by exp]ts is f sev5 to n9e p\nds ea*4 ,sixty-"o po9ts con/itute a game4 ,! di/ance f ! peg %all be ei!r #aj1 #ae or #ah y>ds4 ,= a space ?ree feet ar\nd ! p9 or peg ! gr\nd %\ld be clay4 ,9 mat* games1 all quoits t fall outside a radius ( #ah in*es f ! c5tre ( ! p9 are 8f\l10 & d n c\nt 9 ! score4 ,,racquets ,,or ,,rackets ,"o ( ! num]\s c\rt games simil> to lawn t5nis t is n[ f9d+ public fav\r1 b play$ 9 a semi-indoor c\rt4 ,a racquet c\rt is #ca feet #f in*es wide & ab\t #fc feet long4 ,! front wall1 aga9/ :i* ! ball is s]v$1 has a l9e #h or #aj feet f ! floor1 above :i* ! ball mu/ /rike4 ,! s]v]1 z 9 t5nis1 takes 8 position 9 a s]vice box ) a racket simil> to a lawn t5nis racket except t x has a small] head & a long] h&le4 ,ei!r two or f\r play]s may play racquets4 ,a game consi/s ( fifte5 8aces10 or po9ts4 ,,r$ ,,l9e ,9 ?is game1 also call$ ,r$ ,lion1 ! goal mu/ be a /raight l9e1 su* z ! crack 9 a sidewalk or ! edge ( a road4 ,! "o :o is 8x0 runs aft] ! re/ z 9 tag1 & :5 he has captur$ a prison] he br+s him into ! 8r$ l9e10 & ! two />t out aga9 h& 9 h& & ano!r is captur$1 !n ?ree toge!r1 & two pair1 & s on until all are prison]s4 ,! fir/ prison] is 8x0 = ! next game4 ,,roley ,,boley ,?is game is also call$ ,roll ,ball & ,nigg] ,baby1 & is play$ by *ildr5 all ov] ! civiliz$ _w4 ,a numb] ( depressions are holl[$ 9 ! gr\nd correspond+ to ! numb] ( play]s & a hole is *os5 by ea* "o4 ,a rubb] ball is !n roll$ t[>d ! holes1 & if x lodges 9 "o ( !m ! boy :o has claim$ t hole mu/ run 9 & pick up ! ball :ile ! re/ scatt]4 ,he !n attempts to hit "o ( ! o!r play]s ) ! ball4 ,if he succe$s a small /one call$ a 8baby0 is plac$ 9 ! hole belong+ to ! boy /ruck4 ,o!rwise ! ?r[] is p5aliz$ ) a 8baby40 ,:5 any boy has five babies he mu/ /& aga9/ ! wall & be a free t>get = ! re/ to ?r[ ! ball at4 ,,roque ,?is game may be call$ sci5tific croquet4 ,a roque mallet has a dogwood head #i in*es long1 ) heavy nickel f]rules4 ,roque balls are made ( a special composition t is bo? resili5t & practically unbreakable4 ,a skilful roque play] is able to make %ots simil> to billi>d %ots4 ,! /&>d roque c\rt is #fj feet long1 #cj feet wide1 ) corn] pieces #f feet long4 ,! play+ gr\nd is ( clay & %\ld be z smoo? z x is possible to make x4 ,a v light top dress+ ( s& is us$ on ! clay4 ,! wickets1 or 8ar*es10 are driv5 into blocks ( wood to secure firmness & buri$ into ! gr\nd ) ! top ( ! ar* #h in*es above ! surface4 ,! roque balls are #c in*es 9 diamet] & ! ar*es only #c wide1 :i* gives an idea ( ! difficulty ( play+ ?is game4 ,to be an exp]t requires an accurate eye & a great deal ( practice4 ,!re is a ,national ,roque ,association1 & an annual *ampion%ip t\rnam5t is held to det]m9e ! *ampion4 ,! home ( roque is 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates4 ,,r[+ ,,record ,! be/ amateur int]collegiate record = ! eight-o>$ race ( f\r miles is #ah m9utes #ec seconds1 made by ,cornell1 ,july #b1 #aija4 ,,rubicon ,?is game may be play$ ) any numb] ( play]s1 & is especially adapt$ = a s*ool or lawn game4 ,two play]s are *os5 z pursu]s & ! re/ are divid$ equally & /& two by two fac+ ea* o!r 9 two columns4 ,! two pursu]s /& at ! head ( ea* column & face ea* o!r4 ,:5 ready !y say1 8,cross ! ,rubicon10 & at ?is signal ! re> c\ple f ea* l9e mu/ run =w>d & try to rea* ! re> ( ! o!r l9e4 ,! pursu]s mu/ n look back1 b z soon z ! runn]s are abrea/ ( !m mu/ try to tag !m be=e !y rea* ! place ( safety4 ,! captur$ runn]s become pursu]s1 & ! "o :o 0 8x0 takes 8 or h] place at ! re> ( ! o!r l9e4 ,,sack ,,rac+ ,a =m ( sport :]e ! conte/ants are fa/5$ 9 sacks ) ! h&s & feet conf9$ & :]e !y race = a goal by jump+ or hopp+ along at ! greate/ possible spe$ "u ?is h&icap4 ,a sack race %\ld n be consid]$ "o ( ! sci5tific bran*es ( sport1 b is r to af=d amusem5t = ! spectators4 ,,scotl&',s ,,burn+ ,?is game is bas$ ^u ! song ( ! same "n4 ,! play]s =m a r+1 ) ?ree judges 9 ! c5tre4 ,ea* play] ) appropriate ge/ures 9 turn beg9s ! song1 8,scotl&'s burn+4 ,scotl&'s burn+1 ,look out6 ,look out6 ,fire6 ,fire6 ,fire6 ,fire6 ,p\r on wat]6 ,p\r on wat]60 ,! :ole p>ty are soon s++1 b ea* f\r are s++ diff]5t words4 ,! object ( ! judges is to detect "s "o 9 ! circle ei!r mak+ ge/ures t are n appropriate to ! words or to be s++ out ( ord]4 ,! p5alty is to turn ar\nd & s+ ) ! back to ! circle4 ,! ?ree :o are fac+ 9 la/ !n become judges4 ,,ski+ ,?is sport has rec5tly receiv$ wide popul>ity 9 sections ( ! c\ntry :]e ! w9t]s make x possible4 ,skis--or1 z !y are sometimes spell$1 skee1--are a pair ( flat runn]s f five to t5 feet long :i* are atta*$ to ! feet 9 su* a way z to be easily ca/ (f 9 case ( accid5t4 ,by means ( skis a ski-runn] may ei!r make rapid progress ov] level sn[ or may coa/ d[n %>p declivities & make jumps ( great ext5t4 ,skis are usually made ( a% & ! /&>d l5g?s are f six to eight feet4 ,!y co/ f five to sev5 doll>s a pair4 ,9 ski+ x is cu/om>y to use a pair ( /eel-%od poles ) lea!r wri/ /raps1 b 9 ski-runn+ or coa/+ ! use ( poles is v dang]\s4 ,,spani% ,,fly ,9 ?is game ( leap frog v>i\s tricks are attempt$ by ! lead]1 z 9 ! game ( 8/ump ma/]40 ,ea* ( ! boys foll[+ is expect$ to d z ! lead] or to drop out & become 8d[n0 himself4 8,tor*light0 is to jump ) "o h& only1 us+ ! o!r to wave 8 cap z if x 7 a tor*4 ,9 8hats on deck0 ea* jump] 9 turn is suppos$ to leave 8 cap on 8d[n's0 back4 ,naturally ! la/ "o ov] may h a l>ge pile ( hats to cle>4 ,if he di/urbs any ( !m or knocks !m (f1 he is 8x40 8,hats (f0 means = ea* jump] 9 turn to take 8 own hat )\t knock+ (f any ( ! o!rs4 ,9 all games ( leap frog x is consid]$ prop] = ! jump] to direct 8d[n0 to give him ! k9d ( a 8back0 he desires4 ,consequ5tly he w say high or l[ back1 dep5d+ ^u :e!r he wi%es 8d[n0 to /& almo/ upright or to b5d close to ! gr\nd4 ,,squa% ,?is game is simil> to racquets1 b is less viol5t or sev]e on a play]4 ,x is play$ 9 a c\rt #ca feet #f in*es wide4 ,! front wall mu/ be #af feet high4 ,! s]vice l9e above :i* ! ball mu/ /rike on ! s]ve is #f feet f ! floor4 ,bel[ ?is l9e & #b feet f ! floor is ! 8tell tale10 above :i* ! ball mu/ /rike 9 play4 ,a squa% racket is simil> to a t5nis racket1 b slightly small]4 ,9 squa%1 a game is 8fifte5 up40 ,at ! score ( #ac a play] may 8set ! score0 back to #c or #e1 aft] :i* ! play] fir/ w9n+ ei!r #c or #e po9ts1 or aces1 z !y are call$1 is ! w9n]4 ,! object ( ?is is to endeav\r to ov]come ! advantage t ! s]v] may h4 ,9 a regulation squa% c\rt ! spectators' gall]y is above ! walls ( ! c\rt1 & ! game is play$ 9 ! pit bel[ ! gall]y4 ,,/ump ,,ma/] ,9 ?is game "o ( ! play]s is *os5 ma/]4 ,x is usually ! "o :o fir/ sugge/s ! game by say+4 8,let's play /ump ma/]40 ,he !n leads ! l9e ( play]s1 go+ ?r\gh v>i\s 8/umps10 or1 z we %\ld call !m n[1 8/unts10 su* z climb+ f5ces & trees1 turn+ som]saults1 crawl+ ?r\gh n>r[ places1 or :atev] w be difficult = ! re/ to copy4 ,! game is capable ( all sorts ( v>iations4 ,,suck]s ,?is c sc>cely be call$ a game1 b ! use ( ! suck] is s famili> to mo/ boys t a description ( x is surely n out ( place 9 ?is *apt]4 ,a piece ( sole lea!r is us$1 ?ree or f\r in*es squ>e4 ,x is cut into a circle & ! edges c>efully p>$ ?94 ,a hole is made 9 ! c5tre & a piece ( /r+ or top tw9e is knott$ & run ?r\gh ! hole4 ,! suck] is !n soak$ 9 wat] until x is s(t & pliable4 ,! object ( ! suck] is to lift /ones or bricks ) x4 ,?is1 too1 is ( especial int]e/ 9 ,new ,engl& t[ns1 :]e !re are brick sidewalks4 ,! suck] is press$ firmly on a brick by means ( ! foot1 & x w be f\nd to adh]e to x ) suffici5t =ce to lift x cle> ( ! gr\nd4 ,,te!r ,,ball ,! same z te!r t5nis1 :i* see4 ,,te!r ,,t5nis ,?is game has be5 develop$ out ( lawn t5nis4 ,a wood5 pole ext5d+ #aj feet above ! surface is plac$ 9 a v]tical position & firmly imb$d$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! pole mu/ be #g in*es 9 circumf]5ce at ! gr\nd & may tap] to ! top4 ,six feet above ! gr\nd a black b& #b in*es wide is pa9t$ ar\nd ! pole4 ,! c\rt is a smoo? piece ( sod or clay simil> to a t5nis c\rt1 b a piece ( gr\nd #bj feet squ>e is suffici5t4 ,at ! base ( ! pole a circle is describ$ ) a #c-;foot radius4 ,a l9e #bj feet long bisects ?is circle1 & #f feet f ! pole on ea* side are two crosses1 :i* are kn[n z s]vice crosses4 ,an ord9>y t5nis ball is us$ :i* has be5 fitt$ ) a tight-fitt+ l95 cov]4 ,! ball is fa/5$ to ! pole by means ( a piece ( heavy braid$ l9e4 ,ord9>y heavy fi% l9e w d4 ,! ball %\ld hang #g feet f ! top ( ! pole or #b feet f ! gr\nd4 ,regulation t5nis rackets are us$4 ,! game consi/s 9 endeav\r+ to w9d ! ball & /r+ ar\nd ! pole above ! black m>k 9 a direction previ\sly det]m9$4 ,! oppon5t mean:ile tries to prev5t ?is & to w9d ! ball 9 ! opposite direction by /rik+ x z "o w\ld volley 9 t5nis4 ,ea* play] mu/ keep 9 8 own c\rt4 ,! po9ts are scor$ z 8f\ls40 ,elev5 games con/itute a set4 ,a game is won :5 ! /r+ is completely w\nd ar\nd ! pole above ! black m>k4 ,! p5alty = a f\l1 su* z /epp+ outside ( "o's c\rt1 all[+ ! /r+ to w9d ar\nd ! h&le ( ! racket or ar\nd ! pole bel[ ! black m>k1 provides = a free hit by "o's oppon5t4 ,,?ree-,,legg$ ,,rac+ ,a race 9 :i* ! conte/ants are pair$ (f by be+ /rapp$ toge!r at ! ankles & ?ighs4 ,rem>kable spe$ c be obta9$ by practice "u ?is h&icap4 ,!re are def9ite rules to gov]n ?ree-legg$ races1 & (ficial h>ness may be b\ght f sport+ goods outfitt]s4 ,z a race1 h[ev]1 x is l sack rac+1 to be class$ among ! sports design$ to af=d amusem5t r ?an z a display ( skill4 ,,tub ,,rac+ ,^! races are (t5 held 9 %all[ lakes4 ,ea* conte/ant sits 9 a wa% tub1 & by us+ 8 h&s z paddles endeav\rs to paddle ! c\rse fir/4 ,z a wa% tub is n a p>ticul>ly seawor?y craft1 & spills are ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 x is well = ! tub rac]s also to "k h[ to swim4 ,,volley ,,ball ,?is game is extremely simple & may be play$ by any numb] ( play]s1 provid$ t !re is space & t ! sides are ev5ly divid$4 ,! be/ dim5sions = a volley ball c\rt are #be feet wide & #ej feet long1 b any squ>e space ev5ly divid$ into two c\rts w d4 ,! game consi/s ( tw5ty-"o po9ts4 ,! ball is made ( :ite lea!r & inflat$ ) a rubb] bladd]4 ,a net divides ! two c\rts & is #g feet high4 ,! /&>d volley ball is #bg in*es 9 circumf]5ce & weighs betwe5 #i & #ab ounces4 ,! :ole object ( ! game is to pass ! ball back & =? ov] ! net )\t p]mitt+ x to t\* ! floor or to b\nd4 ,9 ?is way x some:at resembles bo? t5nis & h& ball4 ,volley ball is an excell5t game = gymnasiums & has ! decid$ advantage ( p]mitt+ almo/ any numb] to play4 ,,w>n+ ,! 8w>n]0 takes 8 position at a space call$ 8home0 & ! re/ ( ! play]s /& "s di/ance f him4 ,he !n clasps 8 h&s & runs out1 try+ to tag an oppon5t ) 8 clasp$ h&s4 ,?is w\ld be practically impossible except t ! play]s endeav\r to make him unclasp 8 h&s by pull+ at 8 arms & draw+ tempt+ly ne> him4 ,z soon z he has tagg$ a victim he runs = home z fa/ z possible4 ,if he himself is tagg$ be=e he rea*es home he is out1 & ! tagg] becomes 8w>n]40 ,if bo? ! w>n] & ! "o tagg$ rea* home safely !y clasp h&s1 & f9ally ! l9e conta9s all ! play]s b "o1 :o has ! hon\r ( be+ w>n] = ! next game4 ,! game receives its "n f ! call1 8,w>n+60 :i* ! w>n] gives ?ree times be=e leav+ home4 ,,wa%+ton ,9 ?is game a play] /&s bl9dfold$ & ano!r play] comes up & taps him4 ,! "o :o is 8x0 !n gives a p5alty1 su* z 8climb a tree or run to ! corn] & back10 & !n tries to guess :o x 0 t tapp$ him4 ,! "o tapp$ mu/ answ] "s "q s t he may be recogniz$ by 8 voice or laugh4 ,if 8x0 is correct 9 8 guess1 ! play] mu/ d z direct$1 b if 8 guess is wrong he mu/ d x himself4 ,! result ( ?is game is t ! bl9dfold$ play] w measure ! sev]ity ( 8 8=feits10 or 8p5alties10 to 8 c]ta9ty ( guess+ correctly ! "n ( ! play]4 ,,wat] ,,polo ,?is game is play$ 9 a swimm+ pool4 ,a :ite ball made ( rubb] fabric is us$4 ,! ball mu/ be betwe5 #g & #h in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! goals are spaces #d feet long & #ab in*es wide at ea* end ( ! tank & plac$ #ah in*es above ! wat] l9e4 ,six m5 on a side con/itute a team4 ,x is a game 9 :i* skill 9 swimm+ is absolutely ess5tial4 ,x is also a v r\gh game4 ,! play] endeav\rs to score goals by swimm+ ) ! ball1 & 8 oppon5ts are privileg$ to tackle him & to =ce him "u wat] or 9 o!r ways to attempt to secure ! ball f him4 ,mean:ile ! o!r play]s are block+ (f oppon5ts1 & 9 g5]al ! game resembles a football game 9 its rudim5ts4 ,,wat] ,,race ,9 ?is game ! conte/ants run a race c>ry+ a glass or t9 cup full ( wat] on top ( ! head1 :i* mu/ n be t\*$ by ! h&s4 ,! "o f9i%+ fir/ ) a m9imum loss ( wat] f 8 cup is ! w9n]4 ,,wicket ,,polo ,a game play$ by two teams ( f\r play]s ea*4 ,! ball us$ is a regulation polo ball4 ,a wicket polo surface is #dd feet squ>e1 9 :i* /icks or wickets are set up4 ,! object ( ! game is to knock d[n ! wickets ( "o's oppon5ts by a batt$ ball & to prev5t !m f displac+ our own4 ,a crook$ /ick #d feet 9 l5g? & a little ov] an in* 9 diamet] is us$4 ,ea* play] has a fix$ position on ! field or surface4 ,,wolf ,,& ,,%eep ,9 ?is game 8x0 is ! wolf4 ,! %eep *oose a %eph]d to gu>d !m4 ,! wolf !n secures a hid+ place & ! %eep & %eph]d leave ! fold & endeav\r to locate him4 ,:5 ?is is done ! %eph]d cries1 8,i spy a wolf60 & e "o /&s :ile he c\nts t54 ,!n ! %eep & %eph]d scatt] = ! fold1 & if tagg$ be=e !y rea* x ! fir/ becomes wolf = ! next game4 ,,wood ,,tag ,9 ?is class are also 8iron tag10 8/one tag10 & 8tree tag40 ,!y are all simply ! game ( tag ) ! additional rule t :5 a play] is 9 contact ) iron1 /one1 trees1 wood1 & s on he is safe f be+ tagg$ by ! "o :o is 8x40 ,! game ( 8squat tag0 is simil>1 except t to be safe ! "o pursu$ mu/ squat quickly on ! gr\nd be=e 8x0 cat*es him4 ,9 cross tag1 8x0 mu/ select a victim & cont9ue to run aft] him until "s "o runs ahead & crosses 8 pa?1 :5 8x10 :o may be brea?less by ?is "t1 mu/ ab&on 8 victim = a fre% "o1 :o may soon be reliev$ & s on until "s "o is tagg$1 or 8x0 is exhau/$4 ,! ,c\ntry ,life ,press1 ,g>d5 ,city1 ,n4,y4